MO A ^3 FROM THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT THROUGH THB SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS .A..34X.S.VO z°\\i;Y CONTENTS. Chapter I.— INTRODUCTION. Page. Scope of census 9 The establishment 10 Period covered 10 Statistics of capital 10 Rent and taxes 12 Amount paid for contract work 12 Materials 12 Value of products and value added to materials by manufacture 13 Primary horsepower 15 Chapter II.— GENERAL SUMMARY. General comparison for the United States 16 Comparison with earlier censuses 17 Governmental manufacturing establishments. 18 Power laundries 19 Chapter III.— INDIVIDUAL INDUSTRIES. Classification of industries 21 Assignment of establishments to industries 21 Description of tables 22 Industries combined for comparative pur- poses 23 Rank and increase of leading industries 25 Summary for groups of industries 28 GROTTPS OF INDUSTRIES. Pood and kindred products 30 Textiles and their products 56 Iron and steel and their products 95 Lumber and its remanufactures 133 Leather and its finished products 143 Paper and printing 152 Liquors and beverages 165 Chemicals and allied products 168 Stone, clay, and glass products 201 Metals and metal products other than iron and steel 211^ Tobacco manufactures ^22 Vehicles for land transportation 224 Railroad repair shops 283 Miscellaneous industries .- 235 Local concentration of certain industries 265 ChapterIV.— STATES AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS. Rank of states in manufacturing industries 272 Growth of manufacturing industries, by states: 1899-1914 274 States grouped according to value of products . . 275 Totals for Northern, Southern, and Western states . , 277 Chapter V.— STATISTICS OF CITIES. Page. Summary for 130 leading cities: 1914 (|SJ Distributionaccording to size of communities. 284 Character of ownership: 1914 285 Wage earners employed by months and con- simiption of fuel: 1914 285 Detailed statistics of cities 285 Sex and age distribution of wage earners: 1914, 1909, and 1904 285 Establishments classified according to size and power: 1914 286 Establishments classified according to number of wage earners and prevailing hours of labor : 1914 286 Chapter VI.— CHARACTER OF OWNER- SHIP. Summary for the United States, all industries combined 374 Proportion of business done by corporations. . . 374 Ownership of establishments in individual in- dustries 375 Ownership of establishments, by divisions and states 375 Chapter VII.— ESTABLISHMENTS CLAS- SIFIED ACCORDING TO SIZE. Classified according to value of products per establishment 390 Classified according to number of wage earners per establishment 391 Classified according to size for individual in- dustries 392 Classified according to size, by divisions and states 392 Classified by number of wage earners, for individual industries 392 Classified by number of wage earners, by divi- sions and states 392 Chapter VIII.— PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Methods of determining number of employees. . 426 Summary for the United States: 1914 and 1909. 427 Comparative statistics 428 Occupational status, by industries 430 Occupational status, by divisions and states. . . 430 SEX AND AGE DISTRIBUTION. Summary for the several occupational classes; 1914 and 1909 432 Comparative summary: 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 433 (3) CONTENTS. Page. Sex and age distribution for each industry: 1914 433 Sex and age distribution of wage earners in leading industries 433 Comparison with previous censuses as to wage earners in individual industries 434 Sex and age distribution, by divisions and states 435 Wage earners employed, by months 435 Chaptee IX.— prevailing HOURS OF LABOR. AH industries combined in the United States as a whole 482 Statistics for individual industries 482 Prevailing hours of labor, by divisions and states 482 Chaptee, X.— POWER USED IN MANU- FACTURING. Summary for the United States: 1869 to 1914.. 491 Horsepower in leading industries: 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 493 Page. Comparative statistics of horsepower, by divi- sions and states: 1869-1914 493 Summary by states and geographic divisions: 1914 494 Chaptee XI.— CONSUMPTION OF FUEL IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Methods of consumption of fuel 510 Quantity of different kinds of fuel consumed in all manufacturing industries combined 510 Fuel consumed in indi vidual industries 510 Fuel consumed, by divisions and states 511 GENERAL TABLES. Capital, expenses, value of products, persons engaged, and power and fuel, for the United States, by industries: 1914 516 Comparative summary, by geographic divi- sions and states: 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 558 Capital, expenses, value of products, persons engaged, and power and fuel, by geographic divisions and states: 1914 6t>2 Summary for industries: Comparative for the United States; by states lor 1914 568 Index jjj LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D. C, October 18, 1916. Sir: I transmit herewith the Abstract of the Census of Manufactures of 1914. This volume is pubhshed in advance of the detailed reports and contains in condensed form all of the essential statistics col- lected at the census of 1914. It is designed to meet the require- ments of those who desire the statistics for the census as a whole, for the separate industries, and for the states and principal cities. Detailed statistics for the different industries in the states and cities are given in the separate reports for each state, and similar details for the principal industries are given in the reports devoted to each industry. This abstract was prepared under the supervision of W. M. Steuart, chief statistician for manufactures in the Bureau of the Census. Respectfully, Sam. L. Rogers, Director oftJie Census. To Hon. William C. Redfield, Secretary of Commerce. ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES 1914 Chapter I.— INTRODUCTION. This volume gives in condensed form the statistics collected for the census of manu- factures of 1914, and makes comparisons with prior censuses. It is designed to meet the requirements of those who desire statistics for the United States as a whole, for the separate industries, and for the states and principal cities. The detail statistics for the different industries in the states and cities are given in the special reports for the states, and similar details for the principal industries are contained in the special reports for the individual industries. Preliminary totals for the manufactures in the states and cities and for the principal industries were made public as quickly as ascertained, the first totals being published in the fall of 1915. In addition to a brief description of census methods, this volume contains separate chapters dealing with particular subjects and four general tables which assemble the more important data in convenient form. These general tables form the closing chapters of the volume, and are designated as follows: Table 220. — Capital, experises, value of products, persona eiigaged, and power andfueljfoT the United States, by industries: iSi.^.— This table is confined to the census of 1914, and gives a fairly complete presentation of the census returns for each industry. Further detail, namely, the numher of wage earners employed, by months, appears in Chapter VIII, and the statistics as to establishments classified according to character of ownership, size, and prevailing hours of labor are covered by Chapters VI, VII, and IX, respectively. Table 221. — Comparative summary, by geographic divisions and states, 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. — This table shows, for all industries combined, in each geographic divisioit and state, for each of the fout censuses, the number of establishments in each state, the average number of wage earners employed, primary horse- power, capital, the amount paid for wages, the cost of materials, and the value of products. Table 222. — Capital, expenses, value of products, persons engaged, and power and fuel, by geographic divi- sions and states: 1914.— This table contains, for all industries combined in each state, the same data which are shown in Table 220 for each industry in the United States as a whole. Table 223. — Summary for industries: Comparative for the United States, by states for 1914. — This table presents statistics for each of the industries reported in 1914, and sho'ws for each industry, so far as available, comparative data for a number of census years, also separate totals for 1914, for all states whieh^ can be given without disclosing the operations of individual concerns. It shows the same items as are given in Table 221, with the' addition of "value added by manufactm:e" (value of products less cost of materials). Scope of census. — Census statistics of manufactures are compiled primarily for the purpose of showing the absolute and relative magnitude of the different branches of industry covered and their growth or decline. Incidentally, the effort is made to present data throwing light upon character of ownership, size of establishments, and germane subjects. When such use of the data is made it is imperative to note that owing to the limitations of the statistics, no attempt is made to derive from them figTires for average wages, cost of production, or profits. The census did not cover establishments which were idle during the entire year or those which had a value of products of less than $500, nor the manufacturing done in educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions. The censuses of 1914, 1909, and 1904 were taken in conformity with the provision of the law which directs that the canvass shall "be confined to manufacturing estab- lishments conducted under what is known as the factory system, exclusive of the so-called neighborhood, household, and hand industries." In arranging for the census a broad construction was' given to the term "factory system." In order that the factory industries should be properly represented, it was decided to include all establishments, provided the annual products amounted to $500. Broadly speaking, the instructions were to exclude the following classes of estab- lishments: (1) All establishments reporting products valued at less than 1500 during the census year. (2) Establishments doing only work to the order of the Individual customer, such as custom tailoring dressmaking, millinery, and shoemaking establishments, the aim being to confine the census to establish- ments producing for the general or wholesale trade. Of course, this rule did not apply to large concerns mannlacturing to meet special orders. 10 CENSUS OF MAHrtJFACTUEES : 19U. (3) Establishments engaged in the building industries other than those manufacturing building materials for the general trade. (4) Establishments engaged in the so-called neighborhood industries and hand trades, such as black- smithing, harness making, and tinsmithing, in which little, if any, power machinery is used, and which usually do only a local business. (5) Small custom flour, feed, and grist mills and sawmills grinding or sawing for toll or for local con- sumption exclusively. (6) Retail stores which incidentally manufacture on a small scale, particularly where it is impossible to distinguish the data relating to the manufacturing business from those relating to the mercantile business. (7) Educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions engaged in manufacturing industries. Most of tlie establishments of classes 3 and 4 would have been excluded in any case under the rule applying to those of class 2, their work being done mainly to individual order. Manufacturing establishments operated by the Federal Government were can- vassed, but the data are not included with those for other manufacturing establish- ments, but are presented separately. It is not to be supposed that the special agents in different parts of the United States succeeded in every case in interpreting these instructions exactly alike. The magnitude of the totals other than those for the number of establishments would not, however, be materially affected by differences in interpretation of the instructions, since the establishments as to which doubt might arise are in nearly all cases small establishments. Where statistics for 1899 are given they have been reduced to a comparative basis by including, so far as possible, only the so-called factory indus- tries. Table 1, therefore, does not give the totals for censuses prior to 1899, but comparisons for the earlier censuses are made in Table 2. The comparability of the statistics has been preserved by the use, ae far as possible, of the same form of schedule at the different censuses. Some unimportant changes were made in the form for 1909, principally in the inquiries concerning employees. The same form was used for 1909 ^nd 1914, except that the schedule for the latter census contained no inquiry con- cerning amounts expended for rent of offices or machinery, for royalties, use of patents, insurance, ordinary repairs, advertising, traveling expenses, and other sundries. These items of expense were not deemed necessary in order to determine the magni- tude of the different industries. They are of interest in so far as they might be of assistance in computations as to the cost of production and profits. Since, however the census data are not collected for this purpose, and can not properly be so used it was thought advisable to omit inquiries which in no wise enhance the value of the statistics. The estabUshment.— As a rule, the term "establishment" represents a single plant or factory, but in some cases it represents two or more plants which were oper- ated under a common ownership or for which one set of books of account was kept. If, however, the plants constituting an establishment as thus defined were not all located within the same city or state, separate reports were secured in order that the figures for each plant might be included in the statistics for the city or state in which it was located. In some instances separate reports were secured for different indus- tries carried on in the same establishment. Period covered,— The returns relate to the calendar year 1914, or the business year which corresponded most nearly to that calendar year, and cover a year's operations, except for estabUshments which began or discontinued business during the year Statistics of cm^al.— Description of inquiry— The census act of 1914 Uke those for prior censuses, directed that the schedule for manufacturing establishments should include an inquiry concerning capital. The following form of inquiry which was substantially the same as that employed at the censuses of 1899, 1904, and 1909 was used at the census of 1914. Amount of capital inveMed-owned and borrowed.-Tbe answer should show the total amount of capital capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, that fact should INTEODUCTION. 11 be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or buildings is owned, the remainder being rented, that fact should be so stated and only the value of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans representing investments in other enterprises. Land, buildings, machinery, and tools $ Materials, stoclts in process, finished products, fuel, and miscellaneous supplies Cash, bills receivable, and sundries Total Borrowed and rented capital. — It will be noted that this form of inquiry regarding capital calls for borrowed capital as well as for that owned by the proprietors of the establishment. In other words, the amount of the various classes of assets is called for without any deduction on account of liabilities whether current or of a more or less permanent character. It is obvious that capital borrowed by a manufacturer for con- structing plants or for conducting business is just as truly employed in the manufac- turing industry as capital owned by him and similarly invested. The census schedule did not call for the value of rented property used by manufac- turers, but the amount paid for rent is shown as a separate item in Table 220. Classes of capital not distinguished in tables. — The inquiry on the schedule for 1914 called for three principal classes of capital separately. The distinction of these three classes was made with a view to conveying a correct understanding of what should be included in the total for all capital rather thanf with the expectation that accurate data for the separate items would be secured. As a matter of fact, while a majority of the establishments reported separate amounts for the three items, many failed to distinguish them, and in many other cases the separation was based on estimate only. In some instances the entire amount of capital investment waa — usually incorrectly — placed opposite one of the three items. In view of these conditions, it was not con- sidered worth while to publish the statistics for the three classes of capital separately in the tables of the census reports, and accordingly only the totals for all capital are shown in such tables. Defectiveness of statistics of capital. — ^The statistics of capital have been frequently referred to in the reports of previous censuses as defective and, in fact, almost worth- less, and it has been repeatedly recommended by the census authorities that the inquiry should be omitted from the schedule. Experience at the census of 1914 con- firms the belief that the statistics are of little value. There are, of course, some estab- lishments which have accounting systems such that a correct rettu-n for capital can be made, but this is not true of the great majority canvassed, and the figures for capital do not show the actual amount of the capital invested in manufacturing enterprises. Some of the reasons why it can not be expected that uniform retiuns as to capital will be secured by census methods may be briefly mentioned: (1) Many concerns have no capital accounts whatever. (2) Capital invested in bidldings and machinery always depreciates as the result of wear and tear unless maintained by ftrrther expenditure. The great majority of estab- Ushments make no allowances for depreciation on their books, and have no definite idea as to the relation between the original cost or value of buildings and machinery and their present value; nor in most cases do they know what it would cost to repro- duce such property either wholly new or in its actual condition. (3) The invention of new machinery, the opening up of new supplies of raw mate- rial, or other changes in conditions of production, or changes in demand for the class of goods manufactured, may render worthless an investment in a manufacturing enter- prise or greatly reduce its value. (4) The proprietors of many manufacturing establishments have purchased them as going concerns. In such cases they are likely to enter on their books as the value of the property the amount paid for it, which may bear no relation whatever to the origi- nal investment, or to the present physical valuation of the property, or to the cost of reproducing it. 12 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUBES : 1914. (5) Some corporations engaged in manufacturing industries have issued capital stock and other securities in excess of the actual cost of their properties and assets, or even in excess of the capitalization of the present earning capacity of their plants according to prev ailing capitalization rates. In such cases it frequently happens that an arbi- trary value is assigned to the assets of the corporation in order to balance its securities, and this arbitrary value is likely to be reported to the Census Biu-eau rather than the actual value. In view of these and other difficulties encountered in obtaining statistics of capital, it is proper to say that the statistics as actually published in the present census report and in previous census reports have almost no significance. They do not show with any close approximation to accuracy the relative amounts of capital actually invested in different industries or in different localities, nor do they furnish a correct measure of the increase from census to census in the amount of capital invested in all indus- tries combined or in any particular industry. Changes in the method of calculating capital, or in the ownership or in the form of organization of an establishment, may result in the reporting of a much larger or much smaller amount at one census than at another without any corresponding change in the actual investment. The per- centages of increase or decrease in the capital reported are in many cases so inconsist- ent with the percentages of increase or decrease in value of products, value added by manufacture, number of wage earners, and other items, as to force the conclusion that the figures for capital are incomparable. There are, of course, good reasons why in some cases the statistics of capital shoiild show a movement from census to census different from that of other items covered by the census inquiry, but these reasons can not explain all of the differences in the movements appearing in the statistics. Bent and taxes. — The rent reported is confined to that paid for factory or works and does not include that paid for other buildings or offices. The taxes include internal revenue, corporation income tax, and state, county, and local taxes. In some in- stances the amount of the corporation tax for 1914 had not been ascertained when the report was prepared and the amount paid for 1913 was given. In the manufac- ture of distilled liquor the amoimt of internal-revenue tax greatly exceeds the cost of manufacture. In this and other industries subject to the tax, its inclusion greatly increases the value of the product. Amount paid for contract work. — It is the practice of manufacturers in some indus- tries to have work done under contract or on a piece price basis by persons who do not work in the factory. This practice is common in the clothing industry and in the manufacture of gloves, shoes, and other products where the work is supervised by subcontractors or done at the homes of the persons contracted with. The amounts paid for such work represent wages almost entirely, but as it was not paid to the regu- Ifir employees of the manufacturer it is not included in the amount paid as wages. It is shown as a separate item in Table 220. If the contract work is done in some es- tabJishment returned to the census the employees engaged on it and their wages are, of course, reported. Therefore the combination of the amounts shown for con- tract work and wages results in considerable duplication. Materials.— The following instructions were given in regard to the inquiry con- cerning materials: Materials, mill supplies, and fuel: Total cost of all used during the year covered by this report —This inquiry relates to all materials and mill supplies of every description, whether raw or partly manufactured or whether eutermg into the product, used as containers, or consumed in the process of manufacture- L.i all fuel, whether used for heat or power or in -process of manufacture, as in making coke gas or pig iron The data should embrace the cost only of these articles that were actually used during the year covered by the report. The cost of materials produced in the plant itself and used by it for further manufactures should not be dupUeated. If freight paid on materials is kept in a separate account, enter in the proper Ime below; otherwise include the cost in answers to the first three items. In addition to the inquiry in the general schedule used for every manufacturing establishment, there were in vaiious special schedules used for certain industries inquiries regarding the quantity and cost of specific materials used. INTRODUOTION. 13 The total cost of materials as shown in the census reports includes not only that of materials which become component parts of the product, but also that of materials essential to production by machinery, such as fuel and lubricants, as well as that of articles necessary for the conveyance of the product to the consumer, such as packing boxes, cans, and crates. The schedule was designed to ascertain the cost of materials delivered at the factory. In many cases the reports gave directly the cost of materials so delivered, while in other cases the freight charges paid by the manufacturers on materials were reported as a separate item. The schedule called for the cost of materials used during the year, which in some cases is different from that of materials purchased during the year. The total cost of materials as shown in the census reports represents simply the sxmi of the amounts reported by all estabUshments. There is extensive duplication in this total, due to the use of the products of one establishment as the materials of another. Value of products and value added to materials by manufacture. — ^The schedule for the census of 1914 contained the following instructions for the reply to the inquiry as to value of products: Products: Value of products and worlc performed during the year. — Give tlie selling value or price at tlie fac- tory or works, and account for all products manufactured during the year (whether sold or not), including by-products. The principal products should be enumerated separately and the total value given tor each, which value should include that of the containers, if sold with the goods. "All other products manufao- tined during the year" should include the total value of all products other than those for which separate values are given. "Amounts received for custom work and repairing" should include also amounts received for work done on materials furnished by others. In addition to the inquiry in the general schedule, there were in various special schedules used for important industries inquiries regarding the quantity and value of specified products. It will be noted that the schedule called for the selling value or price of the products. The value, if correctly reported, thus includes the profit of the manufacturer. The value called for was what may be called the net value at the factory. Some manufacturers sell goods at prices which include delivery, but the special agents col- lecting the statistics were instructed in such cases to deduct freight and other delivery charges wherever possible. Products are often sold on the basis of a list price subject to large discounts, and the instructions were that such discounts should be deducted. In other words, every effort was made to secure the true net selling value of the prod- ucts at the factory. The inquiry called for the value of products manufactured during the year, and not the value of products sold during the year. In the case of a large majority of establish- ments the products manufactured during the year are substantially the same as the products sold, but there are important exceptions. The special agents were instructed, where the books of the manufactiuers would permit, to ascertain accurately the value of the products manufactured by adding to the amount of sales the increase in the value of the stock of manufactured goods (or of stocks in process of manufacture) on hand at the end of the year as compared with the beginning of the year, or by deduct- ing from the sales the decrease in such stocks. In the case of the repair shops of steam and electric railroads, few if any products are manufactured for sale, but the work is done or the products manufactured solely or principally for the use and benefit of the railroads operating the establishments. In such cases the value reported usually represents the operating cost or cost of produc- tion, as no market value can be assigned to the work or the products and as it is not customary for such establishments to make any allowance for profit in assigning a value to them. Somewhat akin to the case of railroad repair shops is that of establishments which make partly finished products, or containers and auxiliary articles, for the use of other manufacturing establishments under the same ownership. A wood-pulp plant, for 14 CENSUS OF MANUPACTUEES : 1914. example, may make pulp for use in a paper factory owned by the same concern. In such cases the Bureau of the Census accepted as the value of products the "transfer value" assigned by the manufacturer. Such transfer value is based sometimes on market prices, sometimes on cost of manufacture, and sometimes on an arbitrary basis. The value of products in the case of certain establishments represents merely the receipts for work performed on materials or commodities. In many cases manufac- turing establishments do not own the principal materials on which they work or the finished products as they leave the plant. In the case of repair work it would be incorrect to report the value of the com- . plete article after repair as a, value produced by the establishment making the repairs. In the case of establishments which perform certain processes for other manufacturing establishments the inclusion of the entire value of the article as it leaves their hands would involve a duplication, since the final value of the same article when completed is reported by the establishment for which the work is done. Value added to materials by mawM/acture.— Manufacturing is a transformation of mate- rials. The economic importance of the processes of manufactiu-e can not be judged correctly by the quantity or value of the products leaving the factories, but must be judged by the addition to the utility or to the money value of the materials. The value created by the manufacturing processes is in most cases substantially the differ- ence between the cost of the materials and the value of the products. In comparing manufacturing industries with one another this relation of the value of finished products to the cost of materials must be constantly borne in mind. One industry may turn out products valued at the same amount as those tmned out by another industry, but the first may, by the manufacturing processes, have added several times as much value to the materials as the second. For this reason statistics of "value added by manufacture^' are presented. These statistics in each case represent the difference between the value of products and the cost of materials. The statistics of value added by manufacture are particularly valu- able because they are almost entirely free from the duplication that appears in the total value of products. In a few industries, however, there is some duplication even in this item, due to the fact, already mentioned, that certain establishments do contract work on materials furnished by other establishments either in the same industry or in afiUiated industries. It is sometimes contended that in deducting cost of materials in order to arrive at "value added by manufacture," the cost of fuel, payments for rent of power, and the cost of lubricants and other "mill supplies'' ought not to be treated as part of the cost of materials, but that the expenditures for these pirrposes should rather be looked upon as expenditures upon those materials which become a constituent part of the product. It was impossible to distinguish the cost of mill supplies from other materials, and in many cases the cost or part of the cost of fuel and power can not be separated. In particular, freight charges on all materials were often reported as a single item, including the charges on fuel and mill supplies, as well as on those materials which become a constituent part of the product. Consequently, it has been deemed preferable in all cases to deduct the total cost of materials, including fuel and mill supplies, from the value of products in calculating the value added by manufacture. Duplication in value of products. — The value of products as reported by manufac- turing establishments duplicates to a large extent the value of products of the indus- tries producing raw materials — the agricultural, mining, and fishery industries. This, however, is by no means the only duplication involved in the census statistics of value of products. There is even greater duplication within the manufacturing industries themselves, due to the fact that the products of one establishment frequently become the materials for other establishments, and in small measure INTEODXJCTION. 15 to "contract work," before mentioned. The total value of products as shown in the census reports is simply the sum of the amounts reported by all establishments. Cost of manufacture and profits. — Census data do not show the entire cost of manu- facture, and consequently can not be used to show profits. No account has been taken of depreciation, interest, rent of offices and buildings other than factory or works, insurance, ordinary repairs, advertising, and other sundry expenses. The «mi of the reported expenses — salary and wage payments, cost of materials, and rent and taxes — can not therefore be taken as representing the total cost of production, nor be used, by comparison with value of products, to determine the amount of profit made by manufacturing establishments. Primary horsepower. — This item represents the total primary power generated by the manufacturing establishments plus the amount of power, principally electric, rented by them from other concerns. It does not cover the electric power developed by the primary power of the establishments themselves, the inclusion of which would evidently result in duplication. Chapter II.— GENERAL SUMMARY. General comparison for tlie TTnited States. — The following table gives the principal items reported for manufactures at the censuses of 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899, together with the percentages of increase from census to census. The statistics in this and all other tables in this volume are confined to continental United States and therefore include no data for Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Kico, or other possessions. Number of establishments Persons engaged , Proprietors and firm members , Salaried employees Wage earners ' number) Primary horsepower. Capital Salaries and wages. . Salaries Paid tor contract work Rent and taxes (including internal revenue) Cost of materials Value of products Value added by manufac- ture (value of products less cost of materials) MANtTFACTUHrNG INDUSTRIES. 1914 275, 791 8,263,163 262,699 964, 217 7,036,337 22,547,574 822,790,979,937 5,366,249,384 1,287,916,961 4,078,332,433 198,876,826 582,039,665 14,368,088,831 24,246,434,724 9,878,345,893 1909 268, 491 7,678,578 273,265 790,267 6,615,046 18,675,376 S18,428,269,706 4, 365, 612, 851 938, 674, 967 3,427,037,884 178,646,635 457,883,110 12,142,790,878 20,672,051,870 8,529,260,992 216, 180 6,213,612 225, 673 519,656 5,468,383 13, 487, 707 812,675,680,874 3, 184, 884, 276 674, 439, 322 2, 610, 444, 953 146,322,516 '131,964,825 8,500,207,810 14,793,902,663 6,293,694,753 1899 207,514 364,120 4, 712, 763 10,097,893 $8,976,266,496 2, 389, 132, 440 380, 771, 321 2,008,361,119 C) m 6, 676, 851, 491 11,406,926,701 4,831,076,210 PER CENT OF INCREASE. I 1909- 1914 2.7 7.6 -3.9 22.0 6.4 20.7 23.7 22.9 37.2 19.0 11.3 27.1 18.3 17.3 15.8 1904- 1909 24.2 21.1 62.1 21.0 38.6 46.4 37.1 63.4 31.3 22.9 42.9 39.7 36.5 1899- 1904 4.2 (») m 42.7 16.0 33.6 41.2 33.3 60.9 30.0 (=) m 29.3 29.7 1 A minus sign (-) denotes decrease. ' Figures not available. ' Exclusive of internal revenue. In 1914 the United States had 275,791 manufacturing establishments, which gave employment during the year to an average of 8,263,153 persons, of whom 7,036,337 were^ wage earners. These manufacturing establishments paid $5,366,249,384 in salaries and wages, and turned out products to the value of $24,246,434,724, to produce which materials costing $14,368,088,831 were consumed. The value added by manu- facture, namely, the difference between the cost of materials and the total value of products, was $9,878,345,893. The table above shows that the manufacturing industries of the United States as a whole experienced the most rapid growth during the five-year period 1904 to 1909. The increase for the five years from 1909 to 1914 was not as great as during either of the other periods covered by the table. The decrease of 3.9 per cent shown for proprietors and firm members from 1909 to 1914 is due to the increase in the number of establish- ments owned by corporations. The officials of corporations are included in the total for "salaried employees," and of course no proprietors or firm members are reported for such establishments. It would be improper to infer that manufactures increased m volume during the three five-year periods covered by the table to the full extent indicated by the increase in value of materials consumed or in the value of products, since the increase shown in these items is certainly due in part to the increase that ha^ taken place in the price of commodities. It may be presumed that the quantity of products increased somewhat more rapidly than the number of wage earners; this might be expected from the fact that the amount of primary power increased much faster than the number of wage earners; in other words, each wage earner, on the average, had greater assistance from mechanical power in 1914 than during the years covered by prior censuses. (16) UKiHEiiAL bUMMABY. 17 Comparison with earlier censuses. — In 1810 the Secretary of the Treasury made a report on the condition of manufactures in the United States and estimated that the value of products for 1809 exceeded $120,000,000. An estimate based on the returns of the census of 1810 placed the value of the annual product at $198,613,471. Further efforts to secure statistics of manufactures were made in 1820 and 1840, but the results were more or less unsatisfactory. In 1830 no such attempt was made. The census of 1850 was the first to present fairly complete statistics for manufactures. Each census from that time to 1890 was based in part on returns for the preceding calendar year and in part on returns for other twelve-month periods, mainly ending during the census year itself. The last four censuses cover principally returns for the preceding calendar year or for twelve-month periods ending within that year. In general, in this report, the statistics for all censuses are referred to by the year preceding that in which the census was taken. The statistics of manufactures secured at the decennial censuses from 1850 to 1900, inclusive, covered the neighborhood, hand, and building industries, as well as the factory industries, while the reports for 1904, 1909, and 1914 were confined to factory industries. The statistics for 1899, obtained at the decennial census of 1900, although originally taken on the broader basis, have, for the purpose of comparison with later censuses, been reduced to the factory basis by eliminating as far as possible the neigh- borhood, hand, and building trades, but no such elimination is possible with respect to the earlier censuses. For this reason the statistics for years prior to 1899 are not entirely comparable with those for 1904, 1909, and 1914. Nevertheless, for the purpose of showing in a rough way the movement during each decade since 1850 the summary in Table 2 is presented. Two sets of figures are given in this table for 1899, the one including the neighbor- hood, hand, and building trades, in order to make the data comparable with those for preceding censuses, and the other excluding them in order to make the figures com- parable with those for later censuses. The values and wages for 1869 have been re- duced to a gold basis, inasmuch as the figures as reported would, because of the inflation of the currency at that time, exaggerate the increase from 1859 to 1869, and understate the increase from 1869 to 1879. Number of estab- laslunents. Wage earn- ers (average number). Capital. Wages. FACTOKIES AND HAND AND NEIGHBOKHOOD INDUSTKIES. 1849 (census of 1850) 1859 (census of 1860) Per cent of increase, 1849 to 1859 1869 (census of 1870) (gold value) Per cent of increase, 1869 to 1869 1879 (census of 1880) Per cent of increase, 1869 to 1879 1889 (census of 1890) Per cent of increase, 1879 to 1889 1899 (census of 1900) Per cent of increase, 1889 to 1899 FACTORIES, EXCLUDING HAND AND NEIGHBOR- HOOD INDUSTRIES. 1899 (census of 1900) 1904 (census of 1906) Per cent of increase, 1899 to 1904 1909 (census of 1910) Per cent of increase, 1904 to 1909 Per cent of increase, 1899 to 1909 1914 (census of 1915) Per cent of increase, 1909 to 1914 Per cent of increase, 1904 to 1914 123,026 140,433 14.1 252, 148 79.6 253,852 0.7 355, 405 40.0 512, 191 44.1 207,614 216, 180 4.2 268, 491 24.2 29.4 275,791 2.7 27.6 957,069 1,311,246 37.0 2,053,996 66.6 2,732,595 33.0 4,261,635 55.6 5,306,143 24.8 4,712,763 5,468,383 16.0 6,615,046 21.0 40.4 7,036,337 6.4 28.7 $633,245,361 $1,009,856,715 89.4 $1,694,667,015 67.8 $2,790,272,606 64.7 $6,526,050,769 133.8 $9,813,834,390 50.4 $8,975,256,496 $12,675,680,874 41.2 $18,428,269,706 45.4 105.3 $22,790,979,937 23.7 79.8 $236,755,464 $378,878,966 60.0 $620,467,474 63.8 $947,953,795 52.8 $1,891,219,696 99.5 $2,320,938,168 22.7 $2,008,361,119 $2,610,444,953 30.0 $3,427,037,884 31.3 70.6 $4,078,332,433 19.0 56.3 67031°— 17- 18 CENSUS OP MANUPAOTUBBS : 1914. TalJle 2— Continued. FACTORIES AND HAND AND NEIGHBORHOOD INDUSTRIES. 1849 (census of 1850) 1859 ifoensus of I860) Per (lent of increase, 1849 to 1859 1869 (census of 1870) (gold value) Per cent of increase, 1859 to 18(i9 1879 (census of 1880) Per cent of increase, 1869 to 1879 1889 (census of 1890) Per cent of increase, 1879 to 1889 1899 (census of 1900) Per cent of Increase, 1889 to 1899 FACTOKIES, EXCLUDING HAND AND NEIGHBOR- HOOD INDUSTRIES, 1899 (census of 1900) 1904_(census of 1905) Per cent of increase, 1899 to 1904 1909 (census of 1910) Per cent of increase, 1904 to 1909 Per cent of increase, 1899 to 1909 1914 (census of 1915) Per cent of increase, 1909 to 1914 Per cent of increase, 1904tol914 Cost of materials. i565, 123, 882 11,031,605,092 85.8 SI, 990, 741, 794 93.0 $3,396,823,649 70.6 $5,162,013,878 62.0 $7,343,627,875 42.3 $6,676,851,491 $8,600,207,810 29.3 $12,142,790,878 42.9 84.7 $14,368,088,831 18.3 69.0 Value of products. $1,019,106,616 $1,885,861,676 85.0 $3,386,860,364 79.6 $5,369,579,191 58.6 $9,372,378,843 $13,000,149,159 $11,406,926,701 $14,793,902,563 29. 7 $20,672,051,870 39.7 81 2 $24,246,434,724 17.3 63.9 Value added by- manufacture. $463,982,734 $854,266,584 84.1 $1,395,118,660 63.3 $1,972,755,642 41.4 $4,210,364,966 113.4 $3,656,621,284 34.3 $4,831,076,210 $6,293,694,763 30.3 $8,629,260,992 35.5 76.5 $9,878,346,893 15.8 57.0 Governmental manufacturing establishments. — ^Although the statistics for estab- lishments operated by the Federal Government are not included in the general tables of this report nor in the totals for manufacturing industries, reports were secured from these establishments for 1914 and 1909, and the most important of the statistics thus secured are presented in the following table: All industries Clothing, men's, including shirts. Firearms and ammunition Ordnance and accessories Printing and publishing Shipbuilding All other tudustries i Census year. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 GOVERNMENTAL ESTABLISHMENTS: 1914 AND 190». Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 35,236 32, 519 1,686 1,085 3,478 3,623 6,081 5,024 7,474 7,647 16,785 14,540 732 600 Wages. $30,165,362 28, 216, 976 1,181,710 636, 262 2,563,304 2,449,802 6,435,666 4,530,622 7,430,849 7,638,689 13,091,667 12,670,624 462,267 390,077 Cost of materials. 6,152,626 3,602,804 2,350,767 2, 296, 613 11,103,113 9,626,109 1,039,901 064, 178 Value of products. $07,412,017 55,919,143 4,474,506 2,643,157 8, 284, 489 6,661,343 12,738,984 10,839,447 10, 895, 304 29,217,265 25,872,033 1,857,206 1,249,214 Pri- mary horse- power. 74,616 47,787 374 311 6,461 4,411 13,892 5,261 .'>,038 3,884 47,319 32,525 2,431 1,406 ilncludes the followmg industries, with establishments as indicated: For 1914, bags, other than paper, 1; explosives, 2; gas, lUummating and heating, 1; hardware,!; and instruments, professionaland scientlac 1. ior 1909, bags, other than paper, 1; cement, 1; explosives, 2; foundry and^ machine-shop products. 2: gas. Illuminating and heatmg, 1; and instruments, professional and sclentlflo, 1. GENERAL SUMMARY. 19 Power laundiies. — ^Many laundries are now conducted according to factory meth- ods. The industry has developed rapidly, lai^e amounts of capital now being invested and many wage earners being employed. It, therefore, was decided to make a can- vass of the industry for the censuses of 1909 and 1914. The statistics, however, are not included in the general tables nor in the totals for manufacturing industries, but are shown separately in a special report. For ready reference, comparative totals for each state are presented in Table 4 for 1914 and 1909. The figures cover all laundries using mechanical power of any kind. Tatole 4 Census year. POWEK LAUNDEIES: 19U AND 1909. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number) Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Amount received for work "done. Expressed in thousands. tTnited States. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 6,097 5,186 130,641 109,484 174,881 123, 477 $98,055 68,936 41 38 17 13 S3 45 532 321 94 99 127 95 12 15 18 17 45 43 42 36 24 461 448 174 163 176 181 150 138 75 73 28 25 92 78 54 41 391 380 234 219 188 168 27 30 177 171 1,388 1,108 335 283 832 741 10,416 8,038 1,759 1,833 1,913 1,441 326 222 1,217 993 864 571 1,776 1,332 442 357 11,004 9,705 3,750 2,901 2,518 2,123 1,607 1,490 1,873 1,554 1,243 1,036 930 816 1,715 1,278 7,771 5,958 4,902 3,729 3,494 2,916 607 529 5,899 5,438 1,362 1,041 326 298 1,092 900 13,503 8,961 2,723 1,895 3,178 1,852 335 235 1,071 998 1,120 528 1,773 1,180 1,033 489 13,472 10, 780 4,739 3,746 3,873 2,941 2,664 1,958 2,655 2,139 1,197 1,109 1,741 1,085 2,211 1,091 11, .382 6,802 6,457 4,071 4,264 2,919 680 821 7,941 5,727 785 546 267 193 577 9,618 6,296 1,441 1,271 1,455 871 253 103 971 699 613 461 1,045 655 487 252 8,402 5,640 2,295 1,236 1,785 1,262 1,181 1,027 1,117 730 1,102 796 686 536 1,164 643 4,696 2,951 3,172 2,009 2,708 1,821 348 332 4,333 3,408 $59,483 $26,919 44,827 17,696 481 256 343 147 195 77 153 74 339 148 266 123 6,213 2,262 4,471 1,612 849 364 905 290 894 408 5^ 246 92 43 72 30 441 182 348 126 356 182 196 77 572 336 384 192 246 141 179 95 6,474 2,639 4,317 1,722 1,521 709 1,021 371 1,151 688 806 429 684 325 666 286 699 301 519 202 437 232 364 132 381 182 298 116 594 259 349 156 3,721 1,392 2,583 904 2,161 928 1,328 622 1,640 855 1,133 514 215 122 163 81 2,609 1 350 2,136 892 $142,603 104 680 1,361 909 426 369 836 684 13,949 9,542 2,163 1,981 2,108 1,416 243 187 1,024 796 946 474 1,632 1,007 593 394 12,846 10,050 3,697 2,448 2,882 2,064 1,696 1,486 1,666 1,209 1,190 862 939 736 1,392 994 8,662 6,755 5,115 3,262 4,100 2,856 540 441 6,316 4,904 20 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Tatole 4— Continued. Montana.. Nebraska. Nevada... Census year. New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina.. North Dakota... Ohio Oklahoma. Oregon Pennsylvania.. Ehode Island . . South Carolina. South Dakota. . Texas. trtah Vermont. Virginia.. Washington West Virginia. . Wisconsin . Wyoming.. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 POWER LAUNDEIES: 1911 AND 1909. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 42 26 74 76 12 5 74 61 142 112 15 614 508 69 43 30 34 296 253 101 93 78 58 396 385 66 53 23 24 26 28 67 63 185 127 36 22 41 32 71 57 192 172 44 43 150 147 18 14 Wage earners number) 819 652 1,303 1,110 124 105 760 608 3,642 2,984 240 146 13, 751 12,578 1,165 812 409 434 7,265 6,893 1,416 1,101 1,746 1,457 10,410 9,639 1,192 1,076 517 373 400 386 2,580 2,149 4,605 3,073 Primary horse- power. 851 1,779 1,610 247 149 6,103 3,917 396 146 19, 288 12, 637 1,359 1,000 726 606 10,909 7,431 1,766 1,484 2,338 1,585 12,602 10, 730 1,829 1,368 604 691 520 519 3,107 1,863 6,063 3,195 Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Amount received for work done. Expressed in thousands. 1,070 1,926 738 969 378 518 299 349 1,694 1,918 1,361 1,199 3,298 4,022 3,264 3,084 827 1,305 679 1,048 2,265 3,175 2,014 2,373 185 322 171 319 S954 677 996 872 191 166 441 303 2,877 2,137 205 164 10,354 7,317 799 425 553 445 5,066 3,803 8,160 6,686 684 612 266 184 353 336 1,568 1,284 3,443 2,005 1,214 600 234 144 1,065 836 2,839 2,166 690 416 1,795 1,380 174 100 $699 S226 458 154 613 372 437 266 88 40 82 27 325 132 224 80 1,649 656 1,186 440 105 60 65 20 6,062 2,822 5,212 1,867 362 241 211 108 208 143 188 102 3,157 1,362 2,269 872 653 360 488 201 962 385 686 264 4,236 1,848 3,487 1,449 544 231 461 168 147 96 87 52 190 113 168 82 909 438 674 298 2,118 1,072 1,294 471 580 322 343 143 146 63 • 102 32 524 286 414 173 1,895 665 1,758 546 368 135 243 102 940 526 737 332 148 64 79 38 $1,287 935 1,517 " 1, 198 216 165 729 619 3,591 2,779 280 156 14,305 11,447 1,026 560 593 648 7,823 5,389. 1,670 1,198 2,147 1,670 10,225 8,332 1,261 1,019 422 477 423 2,297 1,643 5,522 3,220 1,367 794 362 244 1,454 1,003 4,252 3,816 2,353 1,840 238 217 Chapter III.— INDIVIDUAL INDUSTRIES. Classification of industries. — The present report on manufactures distinguishes 344 industries, although for certain piurposes some of these are subdivided into two or more branches. There are 271 of these subgroups of industries shown. Thus separate totals are given for 615 industries or subclauses of industry. In one sense there are in this country thousands of branches of manufacture. The making of each specific class of finished commodities, however limited, might be looked upon as a separate industry, and in many cases several of the distinct processes or stages in the produc- tion of a single finished commodity might each be treated as a distinct industry, as, indeed, is sometimes actually done in the census reports. Manifestly, however, there must be some grouping of commodities and processes in a general report on manufactures, not only in order to bring the number of industries within reasonable compass, but also in order to avoid the extensive overlapping which would result from an attempt to distinguish a very large number of industries. Each establish- ment must ordinarily be treated as a unit, and the statistics reported for it must be assigned, as totals, to some one industry. It very commonly happens that an establishment manufactures several related articles or commodities, or performs several related operations. The classification must, therefore, if possible, be broad enough to cover a "mixed' ' establishment aa a whole. The Bureau of the Census has aimed to distinguish, so far as practicable, each well- defined and well-recognized industry. It has based its classification upon prevailing conditions as to the actual organization of industry and the distribution of the different branches of production among individual establishments. It has been found neces- sary, however, in some cases to combine the data for two or more industries which are usually considered fairly distinct from one another, because of the considerable amount of overlapping among them. In such cases the majority of the establish- ments may confine their business to one or another of the industries, but if a few important plants combine two or more industries in such a way that separate data can not be secured, it becomes impracticable to present statistics for the industries separately. In order to meet the requirements for more detailed information concerning the various classes of products, and also to assist in making possible a closer comparison of the domestic production with the imports and exports, the scheme of classifjdng was revised at the census of 1914 and a number of new classes added. As a rule these new classes are subclasses of existing classifications, and in the majority of them there is a greater amount of overlapping of products than there is in the regular classifications. For example, for cutlery and edge tools there are seven subclasses: Table cutlery; razors; axes and hatchets; scissors, shears, and clippers; pocket knives; augers, bits, chisels, and planes; and all other cutlery and edge tools. Since in many cases an estab- lishment manufactures two or more of these classes of commodities, and since in com- piling the statistics each establishment has to be placed in some one class, the figures must be accepted on the understanding that those for each class represent only the establishments engaged primarily in the production of commodities falling within that class. The statistics as to cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture for the establishments in any particular class, therefore, cover not only the products belonging in that class, but also the subsidiary products belonging in other classes, but do not cover the commodities belonging in that class which are made as subsidiary products by establishments in other classes. Assignment of establishments to industries. — The necessity for classifying each establishment according to its product of chief value sometimes results in overstating (21) 22 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJRES : 1914. the importance of a given industry and understating the importance of some other. A single illustration of this fact may be given. The establishments classified as engaged in the wire industry include only those that draw wire from rolled rods pur- chased from other concerns. The products of such establishm ents in 1914 were valued at $81,841,012. Many of the establishments classified as steel works and rolling mills, however, manufacture wire in conjunction with their rolling-mill business. The value of the wire and wire products made by such establishments in 1914 was $74,972- 923. Moreover, wire and wire products are manufactured in considerable quantities by establishments classified under the designations "brass, bronze, and copper products" and "electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies." The total value of wire and wire products for all establishments which drew wire amounted in 1914 to $172,600,546, or more than twice the value of products of the establishments classi- fied as engaged in the wire industry. On the other hand, it should be noted that the 181,841,012 reported as the value of products for the wire industry does not represent the value of wire alone, but includes a large amount representing the value of manu- factures of wire, such as wire fence, wire nails and spikes, and wire rope and strand — products similar to those manufactured from purchased wire by establishments classified under the designation "wirework, including wire rope and cable." The Census Bmreau has aimed, so far as practicable with a reasonable expenditure of money and of time, to remedy the statistical difficulties due to the overlapping of industries. It has sought to ascertain in the case of the more important industries the quantity and value — or, where quantities would have no significance, the value alone — of each separate class of products. While it is often impracticable for an establishment to assign the proper proportions of its capital, wage earners, and expenses to the different branches of industry carried on within it, most estabUshments are able to distinguish exactly or approximately the quantities and values of the different classes of products made. In the case of many industries, special schedules calling for detailed information in regard to products were used, and often several different special schedules were filled out by a single establishment whose business was of a varied character. The general manufactures schedule, which was used in canvassing all estabUshments, also contained spaces for listing the values of the leading products separately, though in many instances it was found impracticable to secure a proper classification of the products of an establishment. The data thus collected have been assembled, and in connection with the statistics for the establishments assigned to a given industry, the quantities and values of similar products made by establishments assigned to other industries are shown wherever practicable. ' Description of tables. — Table 220 (page 516) is a detail summary of the statistics for each industry in the United States reported at the census of 1914 . Table 223 (page 568) gives the general totals for each industry in the United States for 1914, and, so far as available, comparative figures for earlier census years. The comparison is made for more censuses for some industries than for others. In some cases the figures are not closely comparable from census to census on account of changes in the scope of the inquiry and in the method of classifying reports, as well as on account of changes in the actual conditions under which different classes of products are manufactured. In the comments concerning the various tables attention has been called to such cases of incomparability in the statistics, so far as informatioii bearing on the subject is available. Some of the earlier census reports do not state clearly the exact scope of the various industry classifications nor the exact line of demarcation between dif- ferent classifications. In the cases of most of the industries, however, the tables show in a rough way the general progress from census to census. The statistics for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 relate only to establishments operating under the "factory system," as defined by the Census Bureau, while at prior censuses establishments not operating under this sytem were to some extent included. This INDIVIDUAL INDUSTRIES. 23 difference affects seriously the comparability of the statistics for a few industries, but most of those covered by the census of manufactures have at all times been carried on either wholly or in large part as factory industries. In addition to a comparison of the United States totals relating to each industry, Table 223 gives the statistics for 1914 with reference to each industry in each state for which figures can be presented without disclosing the operations of individual estab- lishments. Reference should be made to this table for statistics to be used in con- nection with the descriptions of individual industries on pages 30 to 265. Industries combined for comparative purposes. — While the designations assigned to the several industries in the tables have been made as clearly descriptive as possible in brief form, it is necessary for any one who desires to know the full extent and the limits of the field covered by any given classification to consult the detailed description of the industry. At the census of 1909 the statistics for kindred industries were com- bined. For example, the establishments reported for "clocks and watches, includ- ing cases and materials," at the census of 1909, comprised 52 which manufactured clocks; 26, watch and clock materials; 29, watch cases; and 13, watches. The following list gives the combinations under which the data for certain indus- tries have been placed in order to make the statistics for 1914 comparable with those for 1909 and prior censuses. Separate figures for each industry, however, are shown in the tables presenting statistics for 1914 only, and also in some of the compara- tive tables. COMBINATIONS. INDUSTRIES INCLUDED. Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes Automobiles, including bodies and parts Belting and bose, woven and rubber Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Clocks and watches, including cases and materials Clothing, men's, including shirts Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere speci- fied. Artificial flowers. Feathers and plumes. Automobile bodies and parts. Automobiles. Belting and hose, woven. Belting and hose, rubber. Blacking, stains, and dressings. Cleansing and polishing preparations. Boot and shoe cut stock, exclusive of that produced in boot and shoe factories. Boot and shoe findings, exclusive of those produced in boot and shoe factories. Boots and shoes, not including rubber boots and shoes. Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products. Pottery. Sand-lime brick. Butter. Cheese. Condensed milk and milk products, other than but- ter and cheese. Canning and preserving, fish. Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. Canning and preserving, oysters. Pickles, preserves, and sauces. Carriage and wagon materials. Carriages, wagons, and repairs. Clocks. Watch and clock materials. Watch cases. Watches. Clothing, men's. Shirts. Cooperage. Wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. 24 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. COMBINATIONS. rNDUSTRIES INCLUDED. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods . Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. . Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified. Enameling and japanning Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Pirearms and ammunition.. Flags, banners, regalia, society badges and em- blems. Foundry and machine-shop products Furnishing goods, men's. . Furniture and refrigerators Gas and electric fLxtures and lamps and reflectors . Hand stamps and stencils and brands Leather goods Lumber and timber products. . Musicalinstruments, pianos and organs and mate- rials. Oilcloth and linoleum Paint and varnish Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work. Stamped and enameled ware, not elsewhere speci- fied. Tinware, not elsewhere specified. Cordage and twine. Jute goods. Linen goods. Cotton goods. Cotton, lace. Cotton small wares. Cutlery and edge tools. Tools, not elsewhere specified. Enameling. Japanning. Combs and hairpins, not made from metal or rubber. Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. Ivory, shell, and bone work, not including combs and hairpins. Ammunition. Firearms. ^ Flags and banners. Regalia and society badges and emblems. Automobile repairing. Bells. Engines, steam, gas, and water. Foundry and machine-shop products. Gas machines and gas and water meters. Hardware. Hardware, saddlery. Iron and steel, cast-iron pipe. Plumbers' suppUes, not elsewhere specified. Pumps, steam and other power. Steam fittings, and steam and hot-water heating ap- paratus. Structural ironwork, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Collars and cuffs, men's. Furnishing goods, men's. Suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods . Furniture. Refrigerators. \ Gas and electric fixtures. Lamps and reflectors. Hand stamps. Stencils and brands. Leather goods, not elsewhere specified Pocketbooks. Saddlery and harness. Trunks and valises. Boxes, wooden packing. Lumber and timber products. Lumber, planuig-mill products, not including plan- ing mills connected with sawmills. Pulp wood. Window and door screens and weather strips. Musical instruments, organs. Musical instruments, pianos. Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. Oilcloth and linoleum, floor. Oilcloth, enameled. Paints. Varnishes. Cardboard, not made in paper mills Envelopes. Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. INDIVIDUAL INDXJSTKIES. 25 COMBINATIONS. INDUSTRIES INCLUDED. Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. PfiTlRj fnnTltji.iTlj Rtylngrnphin^ %Tifl gnld Druggists' preparations. Patent medicines and compounds. Perfumery and cosmetics. Pens, fountain and stylographlc. Pens, gold. Printing p,nfl pii^liphiTig Photographic materials. Bookbinding and blank-book making. Engraving, steel and copper plate, including plate printing. Lfthographing. Prlntmg and publishing, book and job. Printing and publishtug, music. Printing and publishingjUewspapers and periodicals. Sewing-machine cases. Sewing machines, cases, and attachments. Sewing machines and attachments. Silverware and plated ware Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building. Plated ware. Planghtej-ing pilfj mi^f\.t p^nVing Silversmithing and silverware. Sausage, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. Slaughtering and meat packing. Stoves and hot-air furnaces. Stoves, gas and oil. Artificial limbs. stoves and lumaoes, including gas and oil stoves Surgical appliances and artificial limbs Surgical appliances. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats Type founding. Pelt goods. Hats, wool-felt. Woolen and worsted goods. Bank and increase of leading industries. — The relative importance of the leading manufacturing industries in 1914 and their growth from 1904 to 1914 are shown in Table 5, which includes industries having, in 1914, a gross value of products of $100,000,000 or more. This table presents for each industry the percentages of increase and decrease in the most important items for the two five-year periods. The industries are grouped and arranged in the order of their importance in respect to value of products. The table also shows the rank of the industries with respect to niunber of wage earners employed, cost of materials, and value added by manufacture. The number of wage earners and the value added by manufacture are, on the whole, better measures of the relative importance of manufacturing industries than the gross value of products. In some industries the value of the materials used constitutes by far the larger part of the total value of products, the manufacturing process involving the addition of only a small amount of labor cost and other expenses and of manufacturer's profit to the cost of the materials. Moreover, in some of the industries there is a much greater dupli- cation in the gross value of products than in others, such duplication being due to the use of the product of one estabhshment in the industry as material for another establishment. This duplication, of course, does not appear in the value added by manufacture. 26 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUBES : 1914. Table 5 All industries. Iftdustries with products valued at iSOO,000,000 or over. Slaughtering and meat packing Iron and steel, steel works and roll- ing mills Flour- mill and gristmill products. . . Foundry and macliine-snop prod- ucts Lumber and timber products Cotton goods Cars and general stop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies Automobiles '.'.]'.'.'.. Boots and sboes, not including rub- ber boots and shoes Industries with products valued at $100,000,000, but less than 1500,000,000. Printing and publishing, news- papers and periodicals Bread and other bakery products. . Clothing, women's Clothing, men's Smelting and refining, copper .V.'.'.'. Liquors, malt Petroleum, refining Woolen and worsted goods ........ Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Electrical machinery, apparatus', and supplies Paper and wood pulp Iron and steel, blast furnaces! ! .." Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes.. Lumber, planing-mill products.... Printing and publishing, book and job Sugar, refining Furniture Hosiery and knit goods. .......'. Silk goods, including throwsters Butter Rubber goods, not elsewhere speci- fied. Gas, illuminating and heating. .... Food preparations, not elsewhere specified Oil, cottonseed, and cake.i ......... Liquors, distilled Cars, steam-railroad, not including' operations of railroad companies Tobacco, chewing and smoking andsnufl Smelting and refining, lead. Confectionery Agricultural implements . . nronsTRiES with qboss VAura; of products of (100,000,000 OB MORE IN 1914. Wage earners (average number). Per cent of increase.! Cost of materials. 1909- 1911 1904r- 1909 6.4 12.5 3.6 0.7 -12.3 2.2 20.3 S4.6 25 14 21 50 10 20 16 101 12 11 17 87 31 38 70 66 165 27 58 137 28 3.5 5.2 23. -9.1 13.6 13.7 82.1 18.5 15.7 0.9 -10.1 35.3 16.4 -23.-6 9.5 4.1 19.7 3.6 16.4 9.2 22.4 89.4 17.7 35.7 27.8 -2.1 26.0 -4.6 -0.5 20.2 -4.1 35.3 19.6 19.1 401.0 23.5 12.2 23.3 32.9 39.4 22.6 13.4 -16.9 14.9 44.3 15.2 9.6 3.1 Per cent of increase.! 1909- 1911 23.9 21.0 -10.1 -2.0 1904- 1909 42.9 6.2 18.6 22.3 171.6 12.1 24.2 24.4 21.3 25.2 21.8 32.1 9.9 20.1 26.5 13.5 -2.0 23.2 6.7 32.6 16.2 20.9 -8.9 13.7 34.3 63.2 -9.9 14.6 42.5 28.9 -17.5 27.1 47.8 49.0 23.8 Value of products. 24.2 16.7 17.0 34.0 25.3 53.4 46.4 83.2 61.0 14.0 67.9 2.9 1.4 24.5 21.9 44.6 29.1 32.0 324.1 40.6 38.4 52.6 69.7 35.9 69.6 29.0 43.0 38.6 48.7 79.2 26.6 Per cent of increase.' 1909- 1911 1904- 1909 17. 3 39. 7 21.9 -6.8 -0.7 47.7 41.1 43.6 42.1 67.5 111.2 41.0 122.8 49.7 40. 4.1 65.6 -10.1 66.3 24.9 -6.1 10.0 26.7 159.6 13.4 22.1 23.9 23.2 -6.7 17.2 18.0 67.2 12.0 51.4 24.1 -18.8 21.1 46.3 23.9 Value added by manufacture. Per cent of increase.i 1909- 1914 29.9 39.0 30.9 627.4 22.5 16.4 15.9 29.4 29.0 24.8 74.1 32.0 75.0 43.5 1.0 67.4 11.9 2.5 26.7 12.1 18.3 31.3 47.2 55.4 36.6 57.3 25.6 35.4 36.3 57.2 41.8 68.8 21.3 37.4 34.5 46.0 47.7 64.5 103.9 33.3 104.9 63.4 65.9 11.3 34.1 -9.9 54.8 30.6 1904- 1909 16. 8 35. 5 -0.1 8.1 -11.2 -2.5 31.1 144.7 15.9 18.8 37.0 25.9 -2.1 43.3 12.3 88.5 -9.1 4.2 60.0 16.4 -25.0 17.1 51.9 41.0 24.7 21.7 13.3 15.1 24.8 22.9 21.6 110.8 25.4 58.5 11.1 -1.7 39.1 23.2 56.6 29.9 474.4 34.6 50.5 37.1 2.8 24.5 5.9 32.5 29.5 52.4 32.0 33.9 18.1 33.3 29.4 49.1 55.2 47.1 92.0 30.0 76.0 71.2 ' A minus sign (-) denotes decrease. 20. 1 14. 4 13.7 -8.5 30. 2 40. 2 5.3> 35.0 inuiviLtuAi. INDUSTRIES. 27 Table 5— Continued. DTDUSTEIES WITH QEO SS VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF 8100,000,000 OR MORE IN 1914. INDUSTEY. Wags earners (average number). Costot materials. Value of products. Value added by- manufacture. i Per cent of increase.! 3 S Per cent of inorease.i 3 Per cent of increase.' 1 Per cent of inoi-ease.i 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 Industries with products valued at $100,000,000, but less than M00,000,000— Continued. Brass, bronze, and copper products. Structural ironwork, not made in steel works or rolling mills Chemicals . 41 35 46 62 126 30 18 34 86 23 .37 89 32 26 39 90 54 -0.8 17.2 36.2 24.6 14.1 24.3 22.5 17.4 19.6 29.1 .?5.7 1.3 35 42 40 36 34 37 65 49 41 63 51 46 52 74 57 76 58 16.4 14.3 39.4 65.3 40.0 65.2 51.1 61.6 52.4 77.0 26.4 21.2 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 SO 51 52 53 54 55 56 8.1 19.6 34.2 47.4 36.4 63.1 46.5 46.5 56.2 83.9 31.3 17.0 47 32 36 49 62 48 28 38 58 31 42 56 45 35 43 37 46 -8.0 26.8 28.0 31.4 25.3 58.8 38.1 30.1 61.1 99.6 Coffee and spice, roasting and 49.0 Canning and preserving, fruits and 8.8 Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire- Automobile bodies and parts 95.6 9.0 8.1 15.5 12.6 10.0 -16.2 -21.4 20.8 4.3 1,249.6 17.7 7.7 42.8 21.3 23.8 28.4 -13.6 0.6 53.2 166.0 23.1 43.3 28.1 14.6 60.8 1.1 -18.3 33.6 77.2 1,501.5 65.5 22.8 71.5 34.9 79.7 40.8 4.4 26.3 140.2 134.0 14.9 33.6 32.9 18.9 30.8 -5.3 -14.9 22.3 61.0 1,534.3 63.1 15.7 69.2 40.6 64.3 33.3 m 12.4 111.6 109.7 -0.3 28.5 38.3 27.1 8.9 -8.5 -11.3 17.0 47.0 1,560.2 58.9 Glass 12.2 Millinerv and lace coods 66.6 Paints 53.1 Dyeing and finishing textiles 54.6 29.9 -4.1 Patent medicines and compounds. . 6.9 91.8 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. It will be seen from the table that some of the industries that hold a very high rank in gross value of products rank comparatively low in number of wage earners employed and in value added by manufacture. Where this is the case it indicates that the cost of materials represents a large proportion of the total value of products, and therefore that the value added by manufacture, of which wages constitute usually the largest item, forms a relatively small proportion. Thus the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, which ranks first in gross value of products, and the flour-mill and gristmill industry, which ranks third in that respect, both hold a comparatively low rank in regard to number of wage earners and value added by manufacture. The blast-furnace industry; the smelting and refining of copper; the refining of sugar; the manufacture of butter; the refining of petroleum; and the smelting and refining of lead are other industries which rank much higher in gross value of products than in number of wage earners or in value added by manufacture. There are several industries which have a decidedly higher rank in number of wage earners and value added by manufacture than in value of products; in other words, the cost of materials is relatively a smaller part of the total value of products for these industries than for most others. Among the industries of this class are furniture; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies; tobacco, cigars and ciga- rettes; printing and publishing, book and job; agricultural implements; the marble and stone work industry; and carriages and wagons. The foundry and machine-shop industry, the lumber industry, the steel works and rolling mills, and the manufacture of cotton goods, all rank among the first 10 indus-l tries of the country on each of the three bases mentioned. 28 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1SJ14. The figures for both value of products and value added by manufacture in the case of the brewery and distillery industries include a very large amount of tax paid to the Federal Government, and are therefore misleading as an indication of the relative importance of these industries from a purely manufacturing standpoint. That importance is best shown by their ranking in number of wage earners; in this respect the brewery industryranks twenty-fourth among the industries of the country, and the distillery industry one hundred and fifty-fifth. In considering the relative importance of the industries shown in Table 5, it should be noted that in several cases the figures given fall far short of being a complete pre- sentation of the statistics for that branch of manufactures covered by the industry designation, for the reason that they cover only establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing the class of products indicated by this designation, whereas quan- tities of the same products are manufactured incidentally by establishments classified under other heads. Some conspicuous examples are the manufacture of glue, candles, lard, and fertilizers, and the dyeing and finishing of textiles. A large proportion of the glue, lard, and fertilizers is manufactured by slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, and considerable quantities of fertilizers are also made in cottonseed- oil mills. Candles are manufactured in establishments classified under the head of "soap" and also in those engaged in the manufacture of petroleum products. The dyeing and finishing of textiles is done largely in the establishments that manufacture the fabric. SUMMARY FOR GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES. To facilitate the comparison of one broad type of manufacturing with another, the 344 industries distinguished at the census of 1914 have been grouped into 14 general classes. Table 6 presents statistics for these classes for the last four censuses. Any grouping of industries must necessarily be more or less arbitrary, and probably no two persons would agree exactly either as to the number of groups which should be distinguished or as to the proper assignment of every industry with respect to the groups established. In making up the 14 classes shown in Table 6, the Census Bureau has followed two principles: (1) That of similarity with respect to character of materials; and (2) that of similarity with respect to the use of the finished product. lii some cases the actual classification of an industry might be explained by either principle. Thus the industries assigned to the textile group all resemble one another in using as materials fibers of different sorts or the more advanced products derived from those materials; and most of them resemble one another in that the products are designed chiefly for use, directly or indirectly, as clothing. On the other hand, the uses of the products made by the various industries classed under the general desig- nation "iron and steel and their products" are extremely varied, and this group has been constituted solely with respect to the character of the principal materials used. J. XH U± V ±XJ \J .fX J_. INDUSTRIES. 29 Talble 6 Cen- sus year. SUMMAKY rOR U GENEEAL GROUPS OP rNBUSTBIES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1809. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. All industries. Food and kin- dred products. Textiles and their products. Iron and steel and their prod- ucts. Lumber and its remanufac- tures. Leather and its finished prod- ucts. Paper and print- ing. Liquors and bev- Chemicals and allied products, Stone, clay, and glass products. Hetals and metal products, other than iron and steel. Tobacco manu- factures. Vehicles for land transportation. Eailroad repair shops. Miscellaneous in- dustries. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 276,791 268,491 216, 180 207, 514 7,036,337 6,615,046 5, 468, 383 4,712,763 $22,790,980 18,428,270 12, 675, 681 8,975,256 69,317 65, 364 46, 867 41,247 22,996 21,723 17,042 17,647 17,719 17, 292 14,431 14,082 42, 036 48,639 32,601 34,954 6,758 5,728 6,318 6,625 37, 196 34,828 30,803 26,627 7,662 7,347 6,379 6,740 12,374 12,060 9,826 8,928 14,747 16, 168 10,773 11,624 10,023 8,783 5,880 6,041 13,961 15,822 16,827 14,959 9,909 6,662 6,068 7,338 2,011 1,686 1,226 1,400 19, 193 16,589 13,269 12,402 496,234 411,575 354,046 301,868 1,498,664 1,438,446 1,166,305 1,022,123 1,061,058 1,026,553 868,634 745,235 833, 529 911,593 734, 136 671,696 307,060 309,766 264,469 248,626 452,900 415,990 351,640 298,744 88, 152 77,827 68,338 66,120 299, 669 267, 261 227,326 196,538 334,702 342,827 285,346 231,716 262, 154 249, 607 198,531 161,463 178,872 166,810 169,406 132,526 263,076 202, 719 136, 625 133,663 365,902 304,692 247,922 180,620 694,465 489,480 415,669 332, 825 2,174,387 1,696,764 1, 169, 873 909,396 2,810,848 2,488,463 1,744,169 1,340,634 4,281,998 3,678,606 2,351,051 1,549,318 1,723,466 1,570,549 1,009,950 728,367 743,347 659,231 451,796 334,734 1,433,176 1,133,618 803,662 659,400 1,016,715 874, 107 659,539 515, 160 3,034,209 2, 107, 426 1,688,328 1,163,816 987,328 857,761 553,785 335,351 1,013,632 867,405 571,902 372,663 303,840 245,660 323,983 111,517 803, 496 521,467 287,847 263,873 417, 706 277,216 159,792 130,255 2,047,842 1,490,019 999,904 660,772 $4,078,332 3,427,038 2,610,446 2,008,361 278,012 208, 663 164, 510 126, 196 672,351 592, 261 419,842 341,652 723,161 636,323 488,698 387,690 440,308 424,760 335,046 253, 176 169,358 155, 112 120,833 101,503 296,493 242,062 186,423 140,754 69,124 53,502 45,144 33,218 167,494 129,003 102,388 77,660 205,419 189,256 148,458 102,846 166,893 146,793 110, 208 81,974 77,866 69,356 62,639 47, 975 197,078 121,047 72,659 63,232 263,150 195,830 149, 166 100,411 361,636 264,071 204,632 151,274 $14,368,089 12,142,791 8,500,208 6,576,861 3,828,612 3,187,803 2,306,121 1,782,863 1,993,058 1,745,616 1,246,562 894, 846 1,762,313 1,799,942 1,190,794 1,000,949 762,350 717,833 517,501 480,930 753, 135 669,874 480,221 396,633 580,715 461,239 309,012 214,666 246, 188 186,128 139,849 93,815 1,289,348 931,046 633,919 451,457 238,734 183,792 123,067 85, 137 1,023,354 892,065 633, 132 472,615 207, 134. 177, 186 126,086 92,867 586,670 306,537 177,641 163,264 261,439 214,681 166,668 113,809 836, 139 679,260 459,735 342,210 $24,246,436 20,672,052 14,793,903 11,406,927 4,816,709 3,937,618 2,845,656 2,199,204 3,414,615 3,060,199 2,147,441 1,628,606 3,223,144 3,164,472 2, 199, 776 1,819,478 1,599,710 1,588,274 1,219,749 1,007,532 1,104,595 992,713 724,391 582,048 1,466,046 1,179,285 869,814 607,907 772,080 674,311 601,254 382,898 2,001,634 1,626,699 1,075,519 761,691 614,162 531,737 391, 148 270,660 1,417,042 1,240,410 896,975 690,974 490, 165 416,695 331, HI 263,713 1,034,497 661,763 320,624 277,485 562,618 437, 663 323, 212 227,485 1,749,418 1, 360, 413 968,333 687,256 $9,878,346 8,629,261 6, 293, 695 4,831,076 988, 197 749, 815 539,435 416,341 1,421,567 1,314,683 900,879 733,760 1,460,831 1,364,630 1,008,982 818,629 837,360 870,441 702,248 526,602 351,460 322, 839 244,170 185,415 875,331 728,046 650,802 393,341 525,892 488,183 361, 405 712,286 596,554 441,600 310,234 375,428 347,945 268,081 185, 513 393,688 348,346 262,843 218,459 283,031 239,509 205,025 170,846 447,827 256,226 142,983 124,231 291, 179 222,982 166, 644 113,676 914, 279 681, 163 498,698 345,046 30 CEirSUS OF MANUFACTUKES : 1914. FOOD AND -KINDRED PRODUCTS. THE GBOtrP AS A WHOLE. This group of industries includes the manufacture of all kinds of food products except liquors and beverages. Measured by the value of products it is the most important of the fourteen groups of industries. It may be subdivided into two subordinate groups, the first covering the output of animal products and tbe second that of vegetable products. Table 7 gives, for the indtistries of each subgroup, the principal items of information as reported at the census of 1914. It should be borne in mind that the total value of products for each, of the subgroups involves duplication, due to the use of the products of one industry as materials for another in the same subgroup. The duplication is greatest in the subgroup "vegetable products." The main products of the eleven industries covered by the first division of this table are food products obtained directly or indirectly from animals, using the word "animal " in a broad sense. There were reported for this group of industries 9,970 es- tablishments, witli products valued at $2,105,626,116 for 1914, as compared with 10,561 establishments, with products valued at $1,700,128,745 for 1909, and 10,584 establishments, with products valued at $1,131,821,396, for 1904. In 1914 the value of products of these industries formed 43.7 per cent of the total for the group desig- nated "food and kindred products," as compared with 43.2 per cent m 1909 and with 39.8 per cent in 1904. Of the industries covered by Table 7, seventeen depend primarily upon vegetable products for their material. This subgroup comprised 49,347 establishments, with products valued at $2,711,083,548, in 1914, as compared with 44,803 establishments, with products valued at $2,237,489,146, in 1909, and 35,273 establishments, with products to the value of $1,713,734,376, in 1904. FOOD AND KINBEED PKODUCTS: 1914. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. earners (aver- age num- ber). Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total Animal products Butter Cheese Condensed milk and milk products, other than butter and cheese Butter, reworking Oleomargarine Slaughtering and meat packiog Slaughtering Meat packing Slaughtering and meat packing Lard, not made mslaughtermgand meat- packiQg establishments Poultry, killing and dressing Sausage, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments Canned ^ All other Canning and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, oysters Vegetable products Canning and preserving, fruits and veg- etables Canned veg:etables Canned fruits Dried fruits All other Pickles, preserves, and sauces Preserves Pickles and sauces Chocolate and cocoa products Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding.. . Coffee Spice 59,317 496,234 S2, 174, 387 3278, 012 13, S28, 512 84, 816, 709 9,970 137, 884 682,625 4,356 3,082 190 17 17 1,279 630 181 468 116 512 5 507 330 65 49,347 14, 149 2,908 6,002 304 917 98,832 8,410 5,105 85,317 19 1,353 2,244 13 2,231 9,069 2,087 358,350 59,625 11, 139 35,048 1,397 2,994 534,274 49,707 23,211 461,356 124 2,282 5,201 9 6,192 28,464 2,077 1,491,762 3,153 1,990 208 950 5 672 143 529 36 696 658 38 50,325 34,439 9,453 6,365 78 12,590 2,561 10,029 4,160 8,649 7,657 992 98,738 65, 473 23, 436 9,467 373 43, 196 7,161 36,036 23,686 66,596 64,520 2,076 85,112 10, 120 2,066 3,662 200 584 62,136 6,312 3,238 62,586 12 622 1,607 9 1,598 3,679 424 192,900 17,306 10,914 4,167 2,186 40 5,789 1,194 4,695 2,036 4,608 4,068 440 1,821,297 212,647 46,759 55,720 5,059 10,267 1,441,663 173,909 63,099 1,214,655 102 11,206 17,292 37 17,255 19,467 1,226 2,007,215 103,293 52,395 21,665 29,051 182 35,673 8,601 27,072 24,483 116,620 111,795 4,726 $988,197 2,106,626 243,379 51, 746 69,161 5,869 15,080 1,651,965 197,470 65, 164 1,389,331 147 12,917 22,014 57 21,957 31,111 2,238 284,329 30,832 4,986 13, 441 810 4,823 210,302 23,561 12,065 174, 676 45 1,711 4,722 20 4,702 11, 644 1,013 2,711,083 703,868 149,176 79,690 33, 779 35,302 405 60,916 12,627 48,288 36,713 150, 749 143,779 6,970 45,883 27,296 12, 114 6,251 223 25,242 4,026 21, 216 11,230 34,229 31,984 2,24S FOOD AND KINDEED PRODUCTS. 31 Tatole 7— Continued. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Vegetable products— Continued. Confectionery and ice cream Confectionery Chewing gum Ice cream Cordials and flavoring sirups Flavoring extracts Flour-mill and gristmill products. . . Bread and balcery products Biscuit and crackers All other Food preparations, notelsewhere specified Breadstufl preparations such as ce- reals and table foods Lard compounds and other substi- tutes Macaroni, vermicelli, and noodles Meat products , not elsewhere specified _ecasmgs Sweetening sirups, other than cane. . . All other preparations for human consumption Prepared food tor animals and fowls. Glucose and starch Glucose Starch Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling Eice, cleaning and polishing Sugar, beet Sugar, cane Sugar, refining Vinegar and cider Vinegar Cider FOOD AND KINDKED PEODUCTS: 1914. 2,317 74 2,437 142 424 10,788 25,963 • 166 25,797 1,559 137 20 373 86 21 100 622 200 61 59 60 181 18 618 188 430 Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 64,034 51,610 2,048 10,376 929 1,461 39,718 124,052 26,036 99,016 20,306 5,177 1,762 3,534 712 372 1,071 5,142 2,536 4,509 2,729 1,780 2,353 1,263 7,997 3,632 11,253 1,229 809 420 Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. $131,170 $28,317 $133,787 $226,828 86,842 20,644 93,693 153,685 10,625 828 7,322 17, 160 33,703 6,845 32,772 56,983 5,585 461 7,696 15,316 6,617 689 6,308 11,380 380,257 24,593 762,270 877,680 271,262 76,867 274,257 491,893 89,064 10,795 43,674 89,484 182,198 66,072 230,583 402,409 91,039 10,866 163,751 219,333 29,136 3,134 36,767 59,985 13,423 766 38,438 47,662 8,674 1,638 7,938 12,884 1,777 362 6,088 6,944 213 213 634 1,069 6,622 621 10,064 13,333 18,145 2,626 20,670 36,434 13,049 1,607 34,152 42,022 43,642 3,550 40,208 52,615 26,572 2,327 29,910 38,619 17,070 1,223 10,298 13,996 3,616 569 12,571 14,996 12,627 646 20,616 23,039 142,181 6,606 41,39S 62,606 32,997 1,561 15,968 21,635 140,500 7,823 264,086 289,399 8,055 713 4,44C 7,811 5,669 500 3,249 5,566 2,486 213 1,191 2,246 $93,041 69,992 9,838 23,211 7,720 5,072 125,410 217, 630 46, 810 171,820 65,582 23,218 9,224 4,946 1,856 436 3,209 14,764 7,870 12, 407 8,709 3,698 2,426 2,423 21,206 5,677 25,314 3,371 2,317 1,054 BUTTER, CHEESE, AND CONDENSES MILE, This group of industries covers the manufacture in factories of all grades of butter and cheese, of all varieties of condensed, evaporated, and powdered milk, of sugar of milk, of dried casein, and of whey, but does not include the operations of cream- separating stations unless the stations were operated incidental to butter or cheese factories. The group comprises three industries, corresponding to the products specified in its designation. Establishments making two or more of the main products are classi- fied according to the product of chief value. The principal statistics for the establish- ments classified upon this basis are given in Table 223 for "butter," "cheese," and "condensed milk and milk products, other than butter and cheese," respectively. Although separate statistics are shown for each of the three industries, a considerable quantity of butter is made in the establishments classified under "cheese," while some cheese is manufactured by those classed under "butter." The industry, "con- densed milk and milk products, other than butter and cheese," includes the manufac- ture of sugar of milk, which at prior censuses was reported as a branch of the chemical industry. The quantities and values given in Table 9 represent the materials used by and the production of all establishments combined. At the census of 1849 eight cheese factories, with 55 wage earners, and products valued at $67,210, were reported; at the census of 1859 there were Reported two cheese factories with 7 wage earners and products valued at $13,400, and one condensed milk factory, with 10 wage earners and products valued at $48,000; and for 1869 there were reported 1,313 cheese factories, with 4,607 wage earners and products valued at $16,771,665, but no condensed-milk factories. At every succeeding census, how- ever, butter factories and condensed-milk factories have been reported, as well as cheese factories; and in 1879 the statistics for the three classes of establish- ments were combined and presented under the common heading ' ' cheese and butter (factory) . ' ' The corresponding designation at the census of 1889 was ' ' cheese, butter, and condensed milk, factory product." There were also secured at this census, and 32 CENSUS OF MANXJFACTTJEES : 1914. at the censuses of 1899 and 1914, statistics as to the production of butter and cheese in urban dairies, but no such statistics were collected for 1904 and 1909. In cases where the manufacture of butter or cheese formed only a very small portion of the business of the lu-ban dairies, and was incidental to the purchase and sale of milk and cream, the products have been treated as subsidiary products and their quan- tities and values included in the note to Table 9. As will be seen from this table, considerable quantities of milk and of cream are purchased and sold as such, their value being included in the total value of products. In 1899 the groiip designated "cheese, butter, and condensed milk" was treated as one industry. In 1904, as in 1914, the statistics were shown as for three industries, and in 1909 as for one industry with three subclasses. Separate statistics are not given, therefore, for the three industries for any census prior to 1904, but general statistics for the entire group from 1879 to 1914 are presented in Table 8. Table 8 BUTTER, CHEESE, AND CONDENSED MILK. CENSUS.TEAB. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 7,628 8,479 8,926 9,242 4,552 3,932 23,069 18,431 15,557 12,799 12, 219 7,903 130,862 101,349 93,845 88,062 25,526 (') 3105,812 71,284 47,256 36,303 16,017 9,605 $15,848 11,081 8,413 6,146 4,249 1,546 3315,026 235,546 142,920 108,841 49,819 18,364 $364,286 274,558 168,183 130,783 60,636 26,743 349,259 1909 39,012 1904 26, 263 1899 21,942 1889 10, 817 1879 7,379 1 Not reported. Table 9 presents, for the census years 1899 to 1914, inclusive, statictics as to quanti- ties and cost of materials and as to quantities and values of products, for the three industries taken as a group. TaDle 9 BUTTER, CHEESE, AND CONDENSED MILK. 1914 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost 3315, 025, 635 $235,546,064 $142, 920, 277 $108,841,200 Milk; Pounds. 8,431,426,426 3114,297,630 2,384,034,699 3160,934,127 525,041,086 3994,201 98,836,640 34, 408, 063 334,391,624 2 3364,285,150 9,888,727,303 $118,675,613 1,406,143,908 $95,025,507 56,974,760 $110,469 78,457,978 33,674,174 $18,060,301 '$274,557,718 12, 147, 304, 550 $99,729,745 588,186,471 328,371,040 36,071,335 $59,398 67,810,031 $3,315,892 $11,444,202 2 3168,182,789 11,678,082,821 391,256,436 203,673,958 $8,164,068 Cream: Cost Skimmed milk: ni Sugar: Pounds 50,873,859 $2,589,687 $6,841,009 $130,783,349 Cost All other materials, cost PRODUCTS. Butter: Pounds. , 769, 809, 781 3218,021,690 476, 896, 792 3132,259,918 292,913,989 $85, 761, 772 624,764,653 3179,510,619 410,692,616 $115,098,056 214,072,037 364,412,563 531,478,141 $113,189,453 364,432,996 $74,483,306 167,045,145 $38,706,147 Packed solid- Pounds Value Prints and rolls — Pounds Value 820,117,861 See footnotes on p. 33. POOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS. 33 Table 9— Continued. PKODUCTS — continued. Cheese: Pounds Value , Full cream — Pounds , Value , Part cream — Pounds , Value , Skimmed— Pounds , Value , Other kinds — Pounds Value , Condensed and evaporated milk: Pounds , Value Condensed, sweetened — Pounds Value Condensed, unsweetened — Pounds Value Evaporated — Pounds Value Cream sold: Pounds Value Skimmed milk sold: Pounds Value Buttermilk sold: Value Casein dried from skimmed milk: Pounds Value Whey sold: Pounds Value Powdered milk: Pounds Value Sugar of milk: Pounds Value. .-. Other butter, cheese, or condensed milk factory products, value All other products, value . BUTTER, CmSESE,_AND CONDENSED MILK. 1914 370, 278, 599 350,377,018 332, 690, 891 $47,432,597 18, 378, 437 $1,642,280 13,893,692 $748,586 5, 375, 679 $653, 655 873, 410, 504 $58,747,262 267, 869, 966 $21, 585, 139 331, 892, 914 $19, 928, 014 273, 647, 635 $17,234,099 123, 511, 348 $13, 802, 063 166, 340, 604 $786, 050 $1, 278, 700 18, 570, 220 $977, 770 34, 079, 339 $72, 979 20, 454, 051 $1,968,259 4, 051, 320 $400, 613 $11,048,820 $6, 803, 936 1909 311, 126, 317 $43,239,924 287, 110, 383 $40, 817, 073 10, 803, 392 $1, 188, 000 7, 770, 812 $429, 519 5,441,730 $805,332 494, 796, 544 S33, 563, 129 214, 618, 310 $17, 345, 278 280,278,234 $16,217,851 81, 211, 374 $9, 828, 972 352, 594, 674 $629, 135 13, 018, 298 $795,644 (■) $6, 990, 395 1904 317,144,872 $28, 611, 760 239,652,634 $22,024,853 3,459,582 $148, 668 74,032,656 $6, 438, 339 308,486,182 $20, 149, 282 198, 356, 189 $13,478,376 110, 129, 993 $6, 670, 906 28, 131, 914 $2,364,407 1, 161, 414, 467 $1, 368, 738 (■) 11, 581, 874 $664, 099 ^^ 0) G) C) « $1, 946, 050 1899 281, 972, 324 $26, 519, 829 226, 776, 105 $21, 363, 477 (•) « 56,196,219 $5, 156, 352 186, 921, 787 $11, 888, 792 61, 764, 552 $4, 435, 444 2,263,494,156 $2, 531, 460 W 12,298,405 $383,681 w $944, 489 1 Not reported separately. 2 In addition, similar products were reported by establishments engaged primarily in other industries, as follows: 1914 1909 1904 Butter: Pounds . . 16,193,708 $5,167,634 7,234,810 $554, 907 9,702,397 $514, 348 2,381,445 $166, 392 2,381,212 $664,171 49,413 $5, 745 401,300 $24,078 1, 971, 120 Value $448, 729 Cheese: Pounds . Value Condensed milk: Value Casein and powdered miik: Value $25,388 $71, 588 67031°— 17- 34 CENStrS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Ice cream, ice, canned goods, food preparations, and other products not ordinarily associated with the manufacture of dairy products, to the value of $8,801,836 in 1914, were reported as subsidiary products by some of the establishments, and are included in the total for "all other butter, cheese, or condensed milk factory products." Butter and cheese made on farms. — The large quantities of butter and cheese made on farms are not included in the dairy products covered by the census of manufac- tures. No data in regard to farm products were collected for 1914, but the produc- tion for 1909 amounted to 994,650,610 pounds of butter and 9,405,864 pounds of cheese. BUTTER, REWORKING. The statistics shown for this industry cover establishments engaged in reworking or renovating inferior or deteriorated butter, the product being known as ' ' process butter." The Federal Government taxes renovated or "process" butter one-fourth of 1 cent per pound and levies an annual special tax of $50 on each manufacturer. The statistics in regard to the production of renovated butter are compiled by the Bureau of Internal Revenue of the Treasurj)- Department in connection with the collection of the taxes. According to that bureau, the total production for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1914, was 32,470,030 pounds. Statistics for this industry were not shown separately prior to 1899. The value of products for the industry includes that of a small amount of subsidiary products, such as ice and creamery butter. The renovated or "process" butter made in 1914 by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of creamery butter and of oleomargarine was valued at $1,833,762, as compared with $3,846,712 in 1909. OLEOMARGARINE. The manufacture of this product is allied to the slaughtering and the creamery industries, since the materials consist principally of oleo oil, neutral lard, creamery butter, cream, milk, cottonseed oil, and stearin. As a rule, the establishments classed under the heading "Oleomargarine" were engaged exclusively in the manufacture of oleomargarine or butterine, only a few reporting lard or other subsidiary products. In addition to the product of establish- ments engaged primarily in this industry, as given in Table 223, the returns show oleomargarine to the value of $8,826,576 in 1914, as compared with $5,963,981 in 1909, manufactured in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments and in connection with the manufacture of butter. The production of oleomargarine during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1914, was reported by the Bureau of Internal Bevenue of the Treasury Department as 144,021,276 pounds. The decline in the industry between 1879 and 1889 was caused primarily by the enforcement of laws in New York state restricting the production of oleomargarine. The value of the output of oleomargarine factories in that state in 1879 amounted to $5,338,753, but no factories were reported in 1899. The marked decrease between 1899 and 1909 was due largely to the imposition by the Federal Government of a tax of one-fourth of 1 cent a pound on uncolored oleomargarine, and of 10 cents a pound on oleomargarine colored in imitation of butter. SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT PACKING. Measured by the value of its products, this industry is the most important in the group. Under this heading are given statistics for wholesale slaughtering and meat- packing establishments, including public abattoirs. E.etail butchering establishments are not intended to be covered, but it is impos- sible to draw a hard and fast line between wholesale and retail business. It was the purpose to obtain data as to the operations of butchers whose main business was slaughtering for the retail trade, but who also disposed of considerable quantities of meat at wholesale, and the reports for such establishments ordinarily covered both their retail_ and their wholesale business. Establishments properly included in the wholesale industry at one census might, on account of changes in the character of their business, properly be omitted at another census, although still in operation; and even at the same census, establishments of identical characteristics may have been treated differently by the special agents in different sections of the country. The statistics for the industry, however, may be accepted as representing practically all important establishments engaged wholly, or chiefly, in slaughtering for whole- sale trade. Table 10 gives separate statistics for establishments engaged primarily in slaughter- ing, those that do both slaughtering and packing, and those engaged primarily in packing. POOD AND KINDEED PRODUCTS. 35 Tatole 10 ESTABLISHMENTS ENGAGED PRIMARILY IN— Census year. SLAUOHTERINQ AND MEAT PACKING: 1014 AND 1909. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total- Slaughtering and meat packing. Slaughtering.. Meat packing . 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1,279 1,221 98,832 87, 813 $534, 274 378,319 468 497 630 565 181 159 85,317 76,637 8,410 6,418 5,105 4,758 461,356 325,401 49,707 34,682 23,211 18, 236 162,136 50, 404 52,586 42,915 6,312 4,665 3,238 2,824 $1,441,663 1, 191, 438 1,214,655 1,014,141 173,909 132,202 53,099 45,095 $1,651,965 1,355,645 1,389,331 1,148,036 197,470 151,296 65, 164 56, 213 $210,302 164, 107 174,676 133,895 23,561 19,094 12,065 11,118 At the census of 1849 the industry was called "pork and beef packing"; for 1859 it was included under the designation "provisions; " in 1869 the statistics were collected under four headings, namely: "Meat cured and packed, not specified," "meat packed, beef," "meat packed, pork," and "butchering"; while the designation used for 1879 was "slaughtering and meat packing, not including retail butchering." For 1889 and subsequent censuses, separate figures were secured for "slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale," and "slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing." To facilitate comparisons, the statistics tor these two classes of establishments are combined and only the totals are given in Table 223. Prom the designations applied to this industry, it is evident that the classes of estab- lishments included were not the same at every census, although for the censuses from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, the figures are fairly comparable. Table 11 presents statistics of materials and products for the wholesale slaughtering and meat-packing industry. It does not cover the manufacture of sausage or the rendering of lard when carried on in independent establishments, nor the operations of retail butchers. A portion of the dressed meat reported as material was purchased from slaughtering establishments included in the tabulation, and therefore is duplicated in the total value of products. TaUle 11 SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT PACKOTG. 1914 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. $1,441,662,658 $1,191,438,076 $805,856,969 $682,096,839 Beeves:! 7,149,042 $490,108,203 7,076,145,687 3,786,382,167 2,019,004 $27,623,448 337,565,316 206,311,127 15,951,860 $84,813,066 1,259,595,728 629,723,014 8,114,860 $392,127,010 8,265,991,836 4,409,718,922 2,304,728 $25,030,014 419,604,080 262,315,076 12,288,725 $60,046,161 987,566,521 496,640,869 7,147,835 $289,040,930 7,485,407,944 4,066,264,877 1,568,130 $12,665,557 261,683,572 161,049,581 2 10,875,339 2 $44, 359, 804 8 930,168,367 "464,872,621 5,525,824 Cost. . , $247,146,262 Weight (pounds)— 5,908,165,706 Dressed 3,222,733,617 Calves: i 883,857 Cost $7,252,545 Weight (pounds)— 124,354,340 79,498,483 Sheep and lambs and goats and kids: i 29,110,172 Cost 2 $36, 859, 832 Weight Cpounds)— 2764,269,802 Dressed 2389,132,648 See footnotes on p. 37. 36 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 1 1— Continued. SLAUGnTEKING AND MEAT PACKING. 1909 1899 MATERIALS — Continued. Number Cost Weiglit (pounds)— On the hoof Dressed All other animals, cost Dressed meat purchased for curing . All other materials Total value. Fresh meat: Beef- Pounds Value Veal- Pounds Value Mutton and lamb — Pounds Value Pork- Pounds, Value Edible offal and all other fresh meat — Pounds -. Value Cured meat: Beef, pickled and other cured — Pounds Value Pork, pickled and other cured— Pounds Value Canned goods: Pounds Value Canned — Pounds Value All other — Pounds Value Lard, oils, and fats; Lard^ Pounds Value Lard compounds and substitutes- Pounds Value Oleo oil- Gallons Value Other oils- Gallons Value ][.]. Tallow and oleo stock — Pounds Value Stearin: Pounds Value --..... leomargarine : Pounds Value Pounds . . Value Fertilizers and fertilizer materiais- Tons Value Glue and gelatine: Pounds Value 34,441,913 $597,097,518 7,277,670,937 5,476,236,776 $2,178,250 $124,334,692 $115,507,481 $1,651,965,424 3,658,3S3,660 $421,296,794 194, 698, 880 $26,299,446 629,232,690 $74,675,627 1,877,099,071 $226, 635, 734 296, 666, 701 $20,576,245 91, 571, 753 $14,395,316 2,929,309,741 $393, 605, 600 160, 798, 965 $26,417,624 '74,004,380 < $9, 845, 669 435,146,931 $58,349,853 1,119,188,675 $120,414,007 396,397,960 $33,037,467 16,501,685 $11,926,832 6,715,497 $4,009,602 209,614,135 $13,732,756 30,091,991 $2,752,421 60,387,881 $8,818,657 69,453,298 $9,077,593 294,388 $8,737,009 40,844,650 -■I $3,088,764 See footnotes on p. 33, 870, 616 $483,383,848 6,856,832,417 5,201,902,778 $138,548 $93,409,286 $137,303,209 $1,355,544,431 4,209,196,668 $327,583,456 252,997,078 $25,068,886 495,457,894 $50, 735, 116 1,547,494,184 $158, 714, 862 257,809,083 $16,392,768 126,477,662 $12, 159, 152 2,829,633,003 $328, 130, 299 121,376,837 $15,345,543 W 462,867,187 f 44, 540, 912 1,243,667,604 $134,396,687 C) (<■) 19,692,172 $16,475,726 11,343,186 $6,360,745 202,844,139 $13,499,659 54,967,997 $6,871,935 42,912,466 $6,963,981 t^ 362,136 $8,726,818 27,936,035 $1,944,338 30, 977, 639 $329,766,480 6,586,349,782 5,048,832,860 $61, 905 $53,114,957 $76,848,336 $913,914,624 3,748,056,377 $247, 096, 724 154,212,652 $12,856,369 460,754,244 $36,880,456 1,224,932,910 $91,749,323 124,307,681 $9,579,718 136,896,697 $8,107,952 2,922,901,982 $248,837,321 $16,114,665 r^ 324,416,039 $25,056,331 1,169,086,400 $82,540,964 t^ 19,464,799 $10,201,911 4,893,133 $2,695,951 37. 369,074 $7,204,061 17,526,456 $1,087,719 30,696,522 $278,370,494 6,676,709,331 5,203,280,487 $554,299 $54,247,986 $57,666,421 $783,779,191 2,917,653,476 $210,833,647 84,548,128 $7, 709, 772 400,812,014 $32,681,457 1,222,007,411 $83,934,324 80,387,411 $7,810,553 137,588,603 $9,661,764 3,138,698,378 $236,634,795 112,443,021 $9,166,931 [:] 290,987,019 $21,394,263 1,019,781,839 $61,140,234 {*) i") 19,111,120 $11,482,642 8^240,569 $3,438,358 ^^ ^^ f^ ^] 6 168,605 e $3, 300, 042 (4 FOOD AND KINDEED PEODTJCTS. 37 Table 1 1— Contmued. SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT PACKING. 1914 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCTS— continued. Hides and skins: Cattle— 7,168,862 415,890,714 $69,958,593 1,464,430 18,647,761 $3,612,610 15,916,618 $13,624,046 26,432,398 $7,938,212 $69,340,047 9,560,138 504,663,930 $68,401,515 11,724,667 $11,425,235 21,858,926 $8,327,095 $94,499,803 8,039,204 456,443,857 $44,206,107 '11,344,544 '$8,964,643 16,377,333 $5,229,521 $55,604,889 Poiuids '- - 6,249,414 Calf- Number 335,968,207 $33,883,026 Value Sheep and lamb and goat and kid — Number (s) (?) Wool: Pounds 13,176,686 Value $3,334,439 All other products, including custom work $47,473,064 1 Exclusive of 377,937 beeves, 243,360 calves, 796,619 sheep and lambs and goats and kids, and 2,898,994 hogs, slaughtered for others in 1914. 2 Goats and kids not included; no data available. 8 Figures not available. « Canned sausage was not reported separately at any census prior to 1914, and possibly some was included in "canned goods." The 1914 figures include some sausage in paper cartons and some "all other," for which it was impossible to segregate the quantities and values. 6 Not reported separately. 6 Eepresents fertilisers only; figures for fertilizer materials not available. 7 Goat and kid skins not included; no data available. Includes pelts purchased for wool pulling. Many concerns in the slaughtering and meat-packing industry make large quantities of subsidiary products similar to those which form the chief products of other industries dietinguishea by the census. In the case of some large concerns the branches or de- partments making such subsidiary products, especially those making fertilizers and Boap, are definitely segregated and have complete accounts of their own. In such cases these departments have been treated as separate establishments and classified according to their principal products. In other cases, however, it was impossible to segregate the capital, wages, cost of materials, and other items relating to the manu- facture of the subsidiary products. The extent to which the establishments classified in the slaughtering and meat-packing and other industries turned out such subsidiary products is shown in the following statement, in which the values of similar products made by establishments assigned to other classifications are also shown: Tatole 12 Fertilizers Glue and gelatin Lard Lard compounds and substitutes Oleomargarine Sausage * ' Sausage casings Soap VALUE OF PKODUCTS. Total. $176,066,335 19,725,703 122,848,177 89,441,263 23,898,341 90,391,714 10, 146, 208 136,304,499 Establish- ments primarily in manufac- turing the product specified.! $163,196,162 13,732,824 146,873 47,661,872 16,079,784 22,013,606 1,068,615 127,942,441 Establish- ments in the slaughtering and meat- packing industry. 2 $8, 737, 009 3,088,764 120,414,007 33,037,467 8,818,557 68,195,522 9,077,593 (3) . Establish- • ments to other classifica- tions. $14,132,174 2,904,115 2,287,297 8,741,924 (=) 182,686 17,362,058 1 Includes in some cases products other than those specified. 2 Includes a large amount of fertilizer materials. » Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. < Includes canned sausage. ' Includes that made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. 38 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Animals slaughteied for food. — ^The number of animals killed in wholesale slaughtering and meat-packing establishments does not represent the total number of animals slaughtered for food. In order to comply with a special amendment to the Thirteenth Census Act calling for that total, it was necessary at the census of 1909 to make special inquiries from retail slaughterhouses, and to include also figures covering animals slaughtered on farms and ranges, secured through the census of agriculture. The following statement shows the total number as reported for 1909, and is given because it contains the latest official statistics on the subject: Tat)le 13 ANIMALS SLAUGHTERED FOE FOOD: 1909. KIND. Total. In slaughter- houses. On farms and ranges. Total 88,368,816 69,791,543 18,567,272 13,611,422 6,615,976 14,724,699 63,219,568 285,653 1,697 12,202,782 5,384,376 14,195,173 37,841,051 166,664 1,697 1,408,640 1,131,600 1529,526 15,378,617 1118,989 Calves rinats n.TiH Irirls All other animals 1 The inquiry concerning the animals slaughtered on farms listed "sheep " and " goats " without expressly stating that lambs and kids were to be included. Inasmuch as it did distinguish between "oalTes" and "cattle, other than calves," and listed "hogs and pigs" together, it is possible that the number of sheep reported may not include all the lambs, or the number of goats, all the kids. The omissions, if any, were probably few. LARD, NOT MADE IN SLAUGHTEHING AND MEAT-FACEING ESTABLISHMENTS. This industry is closely allied to slaughtering and meat packing, as a large proportion of the material used is obtained from the wholesale and retail slaughterhouses. The principal materials are rough lard and leaf lard, which are rendered, refined, and put m shape for the consumer. The refining of lard is now carried on almost wholly in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments (see Table 11, p. 36, and Table 12, p. 37), but in addition, six establishments, with products valued at $146,873, were reported for 1914. The production of refined and neutral lards and of lard compounds and other sub- stitutes in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments during 1914 was valued at $153,451,474, and similar products to the value of $58,691, 093 were reported by estab- lishments engaged primarily in other industries. Probably a considerable proportion of the materials used in the refining establishments was obtained from slaughtering establishments, and the combination of the figures for the products of the three classes of establishments would, therefore, result in a duphcation of values. The extent of this dupUcation can not be determined, but the combination gives $212 289 440 as the gross value of lard and lard compounds for 1914. Comparative statistics are omitted from Table 223 for the several censuses, as they are not significant because of changes in the relation of the lard-refining business to the slaughtering and-meat-packing industries. Seven establishments were reported for the industry at the census of 1909. During the interim between the censuses one of these estabhshments went out of business; another changed its product so that at the census of 1914 it was classified under 'oleomargarine"; and another was classified under food preparations, not elsewhere specified " at the census of 1914. The decrease in the manufacture of refined lard since 1879 in establishments assigned to this classi- fication 18 due m large part to the taking over of that industry By the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, to which it is so closely alhed, and also to the rei^rkabli growth in the use of lard compounds and lard substitutes (included under the classi- 19uZsXerS'Z^7r ^'""'^^^ '^"''^'^"^' *^« P™'!-*-- °* ^^<^^ - POULTRY, KILLING AND DRESSING. The killing and dressing of poultry was not treated at earlier censuses as a senarate i^lTlZ'w •^J'Pr"'^y'^""<^^°'J^^'^«^«dbyestabUshmentsinth^^^^^^ meat-packing industry was reported as a subsidiary product of that mdusto^ A ofTn^,Urv 'Tr«'"°l ^f^^^'Y'I''^ ?^^ ^""^Sed specially in tLLmng and dressing of poultry. As a rule the industry is a seasonal one and the establishments are m «Sfn T S?'T ^ ^®T ?,?°*^' ^™°S t^e year. There are also a large nuSber of veJv small estabhshments that operate only a few weeks each year, fo? which no reports FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS. 39 could be secured. The statistics, therefore, represent only the more important estab- lishments, that is, those employing five or more wage earners, and ahould not be accepted as representing the entire industry. _ In addition to dressed poultry (chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, etc.), some estab- lishments also reported the sale of feathers or of eggs, and a few made butter as a subsidiary product. The value of products covered by Table 7, amounting to $12,916,608 in 1914, do not include poultry killed and dressed, to the value of $4,256,367, reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, namely, "butter," "butter, rework- ing," and "slaughtering and meat packing." SAUSAGE, NOT HADE IN SLAITGHTERING AND MEAT-PACKING ESTABLISHMENTS. Sausage is now manufactured principally in the wholesale slaughtering and meat- packing estabhshments. The statistics for the establishments that make a specialty of sausage, therefore, represent only part of the entire output of this product. Sta- tistics for such establishments, however, have been published separately at each census since 1889. The figures for that year, given in Table 223, include data for some small shops that did not produce for the wholesale trade. Retail meat markets, provision dealers, and delicatessen stores utilize, for the manufacture of sausage, meats that are not disposed of otherwise. Such establishments are not -covered by the census of manufactures, and as a result the statistics do not fully represent the production of sausage outside of slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. - The value of the products of estabhshments assigned to this industry amounted to $22,013,506. In addition, sausage to the value of $68,195,522 was reported as a sub- sidiary product of the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, and to the value of $182,686 as a subsidiary product of estabUshmenta assigned to other industries, mak- ing a total of $90,391,714 as the value of the production of sausage in 1914 as com- pared with $59,564,582 in 1909. Of the total production by slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, canned sausage to the value _ of $9,845,669 was reported. As shown by Table 7 (p. 30), there were five establishments, with an output valued at $57,250, that reported canned sausage as their principal product. CANNING AND PRESERVING. In the general tables for 1909 the statistics for the canning and preserving of fish and oysters were combined with those for the canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables and the manufacture of pickles, preserves, and sauces, under the broad classification, "canning and preserving " for the reason that some establishments have products that fall under each of these headings. As a rule the establishments reported at the census of 1914 as canning or preserving fruits and vegetables did not put up fish or oysters,_and the majority of those that canned fish did not can oysters. The manufacture of pickles, preserves, and sauces is also carried on largely as a dis- tinct industry. Separate statisti(?s are, therefore, shown in Table 223 for each of the four industries. In addition, canned or sealed-package food products are reported by meat-packing establishments and by some establishments included in the classi- fication, food preparations." The great diversity of canned and preserved food products makes it difficult to compile statistics covering all classes, but the following statement gives the values for those that can be identified: Table 14 j^,^„ Value of products. KIND. Value of products. Total 8363,898,394 $128,886,697 Fish OaTiTiftfi . . . 236,011,697 10,931,818 2,759,341 8,172,477 34,771,912 16,033,346 Fish 18,585,826 3,815,179 24,897,174 83,632,376 7,877,057 20,073,934 2,299,307 9,902,919 3,755,000 58,747,262 1,426,674 Dried fruits Fruits Preserves, jellies, and jams Pickles, olives, catsups, and sauces Vegetables.. 51,311,265 Beef. Sweetening sirups other than Pork 15, 335, 128 Peanut butter 1,508,238 Condeused and evaporated milk. All other canned products 40 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJHES : 1914. Canning and preserving, fish and oysters.— The principal data for the establish- ments classiaed as "canning and preserving, fish," and "canning and preserving, oysters," respectively, are given in Table 223. At the censuses prior to 1889, data for these two industries either were not collected or were combined with those for the catching of fish not intended for canning or curing. The census does not include statistics for oysters shipped in ice or cold storage and subjected to no other preservative. The instructions to special agents for 1914 pro- vided that "The packing of oysters in hermetically sealed cans should be reported. The packing of oysters in open cans or in other containers where thejr are not sub- jected to any preservative process should not be reported unless carried on in con- nection with the hermetical sealing and preserving of oysters." At the census of 1914 canned and preserved fish and oysters and other sea foods to the value of $1,309,596 were reported as subsidiary products by establishments en- gaged primarily in the canning of fruits and vegetables, and such products to the value of 1608,062 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of other products. When the value of these products is added to that of the products of the establish- ments engaged primarily in canning and preserving fish and oysters, and the value of the subsidiary products of the latter group of establishments deducted, the result, 133,332,822, represents the total value of sea foods canned and preserved, as nearly as can be shown by census figures. This amount is 19.7 per cent greater than the corresponding figure for 1909, approximately $27,850,000. The production in 1904 was approximately $22,500,000. Table 15 shows the quantities and values of fish and oyster products of the canning and preserving group of industries. The items include the production of establish- ments assigned to other industries in this group, as well as of those assigned to "fish and oysters." Table 15 CANNING AND PRESERVING, EISH ANT) OYSTERS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 535,267,120 $28)530,323 $23, 671, 499 $22,273,236 Canned fish and oysters, value 522,401,004 $17,592,960 $13,544,686 $12, 868, 572 Salmon — 1,513,300 $8,712,695 5,012,199 $6,238,933 944,639 $2,676,951 469,877 $1,725,621 437,090 $1,638,675 185, 186 $670,363 235,813 $737, 766 131,149,037 $8, 172, 477 2,079,823 $8,723,565 4,014,509 $4,931,831 $2,443,101 171,899 $690,021 1,002,685 $4,251,387 m $4,380,498 m $3,812,312 m $478,931 $5,679,324 Value Sardines- $4,212,351 $2,054,800 $225,977 Oysters— Cases of No. 1 size cans Value Shrimp — Tuna^ Value Clams- $402,466 $401,976 133,169,621 $7,318,101 $274,155 m $347,403 . 113,676,290 $6,409,012 $351,049 $345,071 117,780,031 $4,981,229 Value All other canned sea foods — Cases Value Salted or pickled fish: Value Cod- 68,456,917 $5, 123, 662 21,133,974 $641,603 6,224,313 $619,727 4,947,286 $218, 359 30, 386, 547 64,302,338 $3,248,669' 21,718,467 $461,287 9,046,469 $740,613 3,065,156 $148,191 45,038,191 48, 767, 819 $3,013,320 16, 824, 192 $409,223 8, 326, 666 $678,326 4, 737, 975 $213,394 35,929,738 $2,094,749 64,731,210 $3,081,045 13,933,426 $332,220 10, 4,58, 313 $662,008 6,927,919 $197,300 21,729,163 Herring — Pounds Value Mackerel- Haddock Pounds Value All other- Value See footnotes on p. 41. POOD AND KINDEED PRODUCTS. 41 Table 15— Continued. CANNING AND PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 Smoked or dried fish: Pounds 28,713,806 $2,759,341 40,739,774 $2,939,258, 36/617,904 $2,528,240 21,108,068 $957,741 Value Herring- 11,504,126 $719,640 4,248,896 $638, 975 4.095,693 $327,877 511,196 $160,614 8, 353, 896 $922,235 $1,934,298 21,369,856 $931,611 6,836,099 $960,540 4,513,222 $304,620 620,437 $182,786 7,400,160 $569,701 $680,004 19,737,637 $631,352 6,833,560 $831, 184 3,014,160 $174, 234 12,576,429 $330,690 1,976,647 $136, 331 Value Salmon- Pounds Value Finnan liaddie— Pounds 1,360,500 $75, 360 Value Sturgeon-^ Pounds Value All otlier smoked or dried flsli— 7,032,647 $891, 470 $1,089,561 5, 195, 490 Value $415, 460 All other products, value $3, 465, 694 ' Includes lor 191 4, 1909, and 1904 values of similar products reported by establisliments ei n otlier industries, as lollows; ngaged primarily 1914 1909 19M Canned flsh and oysters: Cases 494,372 $1, 409, 140 3,905,372 $388,488 1,316,676 $120,030 Value $19,649 4,630,332 $143,540 924,786 $38,841 $12, 900 1,847 625 Salted flsh: Pounds Value $274, 403 Smoked flsh: Pounds Value 2 Figures not available. The preceding table does not cover the products of the fish canneries and salting stations in Alaska. The quantities and values of these products, for 1914 and 1909 are given in the following statement. The statistics for 1914 in this table are taken from the annual report of the Commissioner of Fisheries. Tatole 16 KIND, ALASKAN FISHERIES. 1914 1909 Total value $19,948,274 $9,122,594 Canned salmon: Cases of No. 1 size cans 4,056,653 $18,920,589 25,014,552 $1,027,685 2,393,927 $8,896,987 6,065,731 $225,607 Value Mild cured and salted flsh: Pounds Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. — The statistics presented for this industry cover the canning of vegetables, the canning and preserving of fruits, and the "processing" and paclnng of dried fruits by packing houses that make a specialty of such work, but not the drying and packing of fruits by the grower on the farm. The majority of the establishments make a specialty of either vegetables or fruits, but a number treat both, and at prior censuses the general statistics of capital, emplovees, wages, etc. , were shown for the combined industry only. A subclassification has been made for 1914, however, in wTiich the establishments have been grouped, according to the product of chief value, under "canned vegetables," """"^ori fmi;to " "rivJorl fruits." and "other products." (See Table 7, p. 30,) 'canned fruits," "dried 42 CEKSirS OF MANTJPACTTJEES : 1914. . The following table gives the quantities and values of the several products of the industry for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899: Tatrte 17 Total value Canned vegetables, value. Tomatoes- Cases, No. 3 size cans — Value Beans — Cases, No. 2 size cans — Value Peas- Cases, No. 2 size cans — Value ■ Corn- Cases, No. 2 size cans — Value Asparagus — Cases, No. 2 size cans Value Kraut- Cases, No. 3 size cans Value Tomato pulp- Cases, ^^o. 10 size cans... Value Puinpkin— Cases, No. 3 size cans . Value Sweet potatoes — Cases, No. 3 size cans Value Spinach- Cases, No. 3 size cans.-... Value Hominy- Cases, No. 3 size cans Value Beets- Cases, No. 3 size cans Value Succotash- Cases, No. 2 size cans Value All other canned vegetables- Value. Canned soups: Cases, No. 1 size cans. Value Canned fruits, value. Peaches- Cases, No. 3 size cans.. Value Pears- Cases, No. 3 size cans. Value Berries- Cases, No. 2 size cans. , Value Apricots — Cases, No. 3 size cans. Value Apples- Cases, No. 3 size cans. Value Cherries- Cases , No . 2 size cans . Value Plums- Cases, No. 2 size cans- Value Pineapples- Cases, No. 3 size cans. Value CANmNQ AHl) PEESEKVnfG, FBXJITS AND VEGETABLES.' 1914 2 $158, 015, 702 $84,413,667 16, 200, 302 $26, 632, 217 8,994,302 $16,665,021 8,826,284 $15,089,047 9,919,950 $13, 923, 057 637, 601 $2,790,817 1,184,219 $1,667,717 752, 151 $1,454,051 789, 368 $1,023,008 454, 416 $736, 759 391, 790 $736,686 686,100 $712, 991 251,632 $511,900 270,077 $455, 956 900,483 '$3,314,440 4,886,098 $7,877,057 $24,897,174 3,407,906 $9,685,773 1,062,762 $3,853,700 1,333,449 $3,102,245 1,051,816 $3,060,626 1,514,939 $2,392,289 643,213 $1,628,975 $438,238 94,140 $364, 260 1909 2 $96, 032, 205 $53,443,001 12,909,986 $18,747,941 3,564,033 $6,305,797 5,901,703 $10,247,363 ,7,451,265 $10,332,136 342, 838 $1,976,775 (=) (=) W 440, 303 $576,043 347, 286 $631,651 149, 266 $294, 414 126,422 $261,398 254,365 $320,141 2,317,453 $3,860,342 853,840 $2,688,834 $13,016,438 1,467,213 $3,753,698 637, 782 $1,833,214 815, 851 $1,764,927 630,185 $1,825,311 1,205,742 $1,898,720 390, 351 $1,019,013 220,057 $346,963 78,557 $313,647 1904 2 $78, 857, 942 $45,899,131 9,411,084 $14,020,846 2,588,016 $4,133,810 4,694,492 $7,928,791 11,209,697 $16,952,386 m m m h m (') 246,657 $346,497 192,997 $284,386 (3) 1,377,137 $3,232,416 $11,722,979 See lootnotes on p. 43. 1,304,867 $3,902,441 789,120 $2,192,910 489, 637 $1,058,669 539, 815 $1,641,919 490,341 $738,013 319,360 $826, 622 1S99 $67,010,313 $28, 734, 698 8,700,538 $13,666,560 1,493,617 $2,025,123 2,643,722 $4,465,673 6,336,984 $8,191,383 138,078 $202,404 83,526 $124,245 h 27,365 $69,210 $11,311,062 1,449,356 $4, 283, 165 672,486 $2,188,201 600, 419 $1,092,975 631,648 $1,683,252 645, 762 $1,125,119 114,367 $307, 788 FOOD AND KINDKED PRODUCTS. 43 TaUle 17— Continued. KIND. CANNING AND PRESERVING, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.! 1914 1909 1899 Canned fruits — Continued. Figs- Cases, No. 3 size cans Value All other canned fruits- Cases Value Dried fruits: Pounds Value Raisins- Pounds Value - Prunes- Pounds Value Apricots — Pounds Value Peaches- Pounds Value Apples- Pounds Value All other dried fruits- Value..., All other products, value 20,605 $159,622 132,026 ]t311,556 521,397,394 134,771,912 5,079 $49,970 78,061 8219,985 454,890,461 $21,968,154 8 695,111 $1,363,615 325,375,798 315,664,784 453,780 $730, 562 84,737,900 $4,757,005 226,043,959 $13,938,645 139,091,887 $9,004,348 39,397,294 $3,615,857 61,907,251 $2,915,595 54,957,003 $2,889,406 $2,408,061 $6,055,892 195,774,767 $6,912,533 138,498,490 $6,130,412 29,205,569 $2,277,177 46,843,391 $2,423,083 44, 668, 244 $3,098,095 $2, 126, 854 $5,016,778 121,409,881 $6,349,381 117, 808, 181 $3,299,628 19,569,573 $1,410,838 25,861,074 $1, 702, 205 40, 737, 089 $1, 768, 610 $1, 144, 122 $5, 571, 048 14,984,221 $1,062,268 25.413,763 $970,927 5,465,217 $455,394 5,662,390 $312,495 33, 212, 309 $1,906,642 S49, 279 $12, 207, 648 1 The figures given in this table do not agree with those in the general tables, for the reason that this table includes data for fruits and vegetables canned and preserved by establishments engaged primarily m other industries, and for the further reason that certain changes have been made in the figures tor 1909, 1904, and 1899 in order to make them include the same class of data as those for 1914. 2 Includes values of similar products reported by establishments engaged primarily m other mdustnes, as follows: Vegetables, canned: Cases Value Soups, canned: Cases Value Fruit, canned.' Cases. Value Dried fruit: Value 1914 2,699,413 $7,440,464 400,466 $792,268 148,070 $441, 738 $150, 561 1909 $1 769,017 714,909 27,474 $76,964 $53, 159 1904 140, 263 $288, 138 ' Included in "all other caimed vegetables." * Includes meat products, canned, valued at $781,291. 5 Included in "all other canned fruits." The case, which is used as the unit of measure for canned goods, consists of 24 standard-size cans— No. 2 for beans, corn, geas, berries, cherries, and plums, and N9. 3 for all other fruits and vegetables, except in the Pacific Coast states, where No. 2| is the principal size used for all fruits and vegetables. Where the output was reported by the canneries in cans of other sizes than No. 2 and No. 3 the quantities so reported have been reduced to equivalent standard cases. , . , Dried fruit.— In some localities the drying and packing of fruit has reached such a stage of development as to bring it within the scope of the census. This is especially true when the fruit is dipped in hot water or placed in sulphur fumes, or where raisins are seeded and other processes performed. The majority of the estahhshments engaged in this branch- of the industry are in California, where the value of the factory dried-fruit product in 1914 was $30,735,350, or 88.4 per cent of the total value of this class of products reported for the United States, as compared with $18,212,316, or 82.9 per cent, in 1909. . ,-. , ,- .. uv u * i.- i. The statistics cover the product of fruit drying and packing estahhshments which buy the fruit or do drying and packing for others and of cooperative associations, but do not cover fruits dried by the grower on the farm. 44 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Pickles, preserves, and sauces. — This industry is closely allied to "canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables." In 1914, to secure figures comparable with those of exports, this industry was subdi- vided into "preserves," and "pickles and sauces." Under the designation "preserves" were included those establishments manufacturing as their products of cnief value jams, jellies, fruit butter, etc., while under the class "pickles and sauces" were included those establishments whose products of chief value are pickles, olives, sauces, salad dressing, mustards, prepared horseradish, catsups, etc. The statistics for these two classes are given in Table 7. Large quantities of preserves and of pickles and sauces are also made by estabush- ments engaged primarily in canning and preserving fruits and vegetables. The value of this production in 1914 amounted to $834,678 for preserves and to $1,089,806 for pickles and sauces. In addition, preserves to the value of $1, 571, 712, and pickles and sauces to the value of $1,933,873 were made by establishments engaged pri- marily in other industries. CHOCOLATE AND COCOA PKODUCTS, NOT INCLtrDING CONFECTIONERY. Under this classification is included the manufacture of practically all of the prod- ucts of the nut of the cacao tree, such as chocolate, cocoa, cocoa butter, and broma. It does not cover estabhshments making primarily chocolate confectionery, although some of the establishments included under this classification reported such confec- tionery as a subsidiary product. Thirteen establishments in 1914, assigned, respectively, to the industries "confec- tionery," "coffee, roasting and grinding," "baking powders," and "flavoring extracts," reported chocolate and cocoa products to the value of $758,625, as compared with three establishments in 1909, with products valued at $327,008. COFFEE AND SPICE, ROASTING AND GRIKDING. The roasting of coffee and the grinding of spice are frequently carried on in connec- tion with the wholesale grocery business. For many establishments it is impossible to separate the data for these manufacturing processes from those for the mercantile transactions, and it is probable that the statistics for this industry represent a larger proportion of purely mercantile business than is the case with any other branch of manufacture. More care has probably been exercised in respect to this matter at recent censuses than formerly. Some of the establishments included under the classification "coffee and spice, roasting and grinding," also manufactured baking powders, bicarbonate of soda, bluing, household ammonia, mustard, cream of tartar, flavoring extracts, chocolate and cocoa, peanut butter, preserves, gelatine, pancake flour, cereals, and similar com- modities as subsidiary products. In many instances it was possible to obtain separate values for these products, and in such cases the figures for them are given under the proper classification. Since a number of the establishments in this industry specialize in the treatment of spices, separate statistics are given in Table 7 for the two branches of the industry, the establishments being assigned according to the product of chief value. This separation is not satisfactory, however, because of the large quantities of coffee (amounting in value to $3,253,678) reported by the establishments classified under "spice" and of spices (amounting in value to $346,602) included in the total for estab- lishments classified under "coffee." In addition, coffee to the value of $1,789,704 and spices to the value of $906,096 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in other industries. PEANUTS, GRADING, ROASTING, CLEANING, AND SHELLING. The statistics for this industry cover the various operations connected with the preparation of peanuts for the market. As a rule, the establishments are located in the states where the peanuts are grown, and are engaged exclusively in handling peanuts, no other products being reported. Some peanuts are, however, handled by coffee and spice concerns. Separate statistics were first published for this industry at the census of 1904, it having been treated as a part of "coffee and spices, roasting and grinding," at prior censuses. In addition, peanuts to the value of $419 227 in 1914 and to the value of $306,731 in 1909, were reported by establishments classified under "coffee and spice, roasting and grinding " and "confectionery and ice cream." FOOD AND KINDRED PEODUCTS. 45 CONFECTIONEKY AND ICE CREAM. This classification covers the manufacture of all kinds of candy and confections, ice cream, cake ornaments, popcorn balls or cakes, chewing gum, salted nuts, stuffed dates, and similar products. It does not cover the operations of establishments mak- ing primarily chocolate, cocoa, and similar products, which are classified under "chocolate and cocoa products." Establishments engaged primarily in the making of confectionery in many cases have subsidiary products of different character. At censuses prior to that of 1914 the manufacture of ice cream was not included except in cases where it was made as a subsidiary product in connection with the manu- facture of confectionery or of some other class of products for which statistics were collected. Table 7 gives, for 1914, the general statistics for the industry and subclassifies the establishments according to the product of chief value, under the heads of "confec- tionery," "chewing gum," and "ice cream." For 1914, confectionery to the value of $1,630,161 was reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of ice cream; and to the value of $5,910,774 by establishments manufacturing chewing gum, and by other establishments, notably those classified under "bread and bakery products." The value of the total produc- tion in 1914, so far as it can be identified, was $161,226,458, which compares with $140,092,007 for 1909. The value of ice cream manufactured in 1914 by establishments engaged primarily in the production of confectionery was $2,367,675, and ice cream to the value of $10,365,222 was reported by establishments in other industries. The value of the ice cream manufactured by dairies and butter factories alone amounted to $5,616,197, and by bakeries to $3,997,885. Large quantities werS also reported by manufacturers of mineral and soda waters and of ice. The value of the total production for 1914, so far as it can be identified, was $68,716,030. The value of products given for establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of chewing gum does not include $59,954, reported as the value of chewing gum made by six establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of confec- tionery, nor $23,200, reported as the value of chewing gum made by other establish- ments. The total production, so far as it can be identified, was valued at $17,242,761. Prior to 1899 the statistics for this industry included data for the numerous small retail makers of conf ectiopery , which fact accounts for the great decrease in the number of establishments between 1889 and 1899 shown in Table 223. COKDIALS AND FLAVORING SIRXTPS. This industry includes the manufacture of cordials and bitters and of sirups for flavoring and for medicinal purposes, and is closely allied with the manufacture of flavoring extracts, the products of the two industries overlapping to a considerable extent. Among the products reported were liquors, creme de menthe, vermuth, coco-cola sirup, rock candy, fruit and fountain sirups, orange bitters, apricot cordial, tincture of ginger, etc. Since the classification "flavoring extracts'' first appeared at the census of 1879, it is probable that for 1869 many of the establishments making flavoring extracts were included with those making cordials and flavoring sirups, which would explain the decreases shown between 1869 and 1879. Establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of otherproducts, principally gickles and preserves and mineral and soda waters, reported for 1914, cordials and avoring sirups to the value of $672,110, and for 1909 to the value of $400,325. FLAVORING EXTRACTS. This industry is, as already stated, closely allied with the making of cordials and flavoring sirups. The classification covers the manufacture of extracts, pastes, and powders for flavoring soda water, ice cream, and other food products, of colors for bakers and confectioners, and of fruit juices. Some of the establishments reported subsidiary products, including not only cordials and flavoring sirups, but also per- fumery, cosmetics, baking powders, household ammonia, roasted coffee, ground spices, food preparations, and patent medicines. For 1914, 298 establishments assigned to other industries, principally those desig- nated as "coffee and spice, roasting and grinding," "confectionery and ice cream," "patent medicines and compounds," "perfumery and cosmetics," "soap," and "baking powders," reported as subsidiary products flavoring extracts to the value of $4,762,617; and for 1909, flavoring extracts valued at $4,695,724 were reported by 397 similar establishments. These amounts are not included in Table 223. 46 CENSUS OF MANUFAOTTJEES : 1914. The value of products other than flavoring extracts made by the establishments placed under this classification amounted to $924,689 in 1914 and to $1,127,746 in 1909. FLOTJE-MILL AND GKISTMILL, PRODTTCTS. Measured by value of products, this is the most important industry included in the subgroup comprising industries manufactiuing; vegetable food products. It furmshes the major portion of the materials used in making bread and bakery products, and part of the materials for a number of other industries included in this subgroup. The value of flour-mill and gristmill products, therefore, is largely duplicated m the total value of products for the subgroup. The classification covers merchant mills that ^ind cereals of every variety, but not estabUsliments that manufacture primarily special cereal food preparations or break- fast foods, such as rolled oats, puffed rice, com flakes, etc. , nor those making cattle and poultry feed, such establishments being classed under "food preparations." As shown by Table 19, the flour mills and gristmills produce considerable quantities of breakfast foods, rolled oats, and similar products. Data fcr mills which grind ex- clusively for toll — "custom mills" — ^were not collected at the census of 1914. Sta- tistics for such mills were collected at previous censuses, except that of 1904. While these mills were reported at the censuses of 1909 and 1899, the statistics for them have been excluded from the tables presenting statistics for those years in comparison with 1904 and 1914. The answer to the inquiry "Is merchant, or merchant and exchange, grinding done?" determined whether the mill should be treated as a merchant or as a custom mill Many small mills reported merchant grinding, and data for them are therefore included in the tables. The ciistom mills exceeded in number the merchant mills in both 1909 and 1899, but the value of products of the merchant mills constituted 94.1 per cent of the total in 1909 and 89.4 -per centin 1899. For the censuses prior to 1899 it IS impossible to segregate the statistics for custom mills from those for merchant mills, for which reason the comparison in Table 223 is confined to the censuses from 1899 to 1914, inclusive. Although statistics covering custom mills are not available for 1914, the figures for merchant and custom mills combined for the decennial censuses of 1909 and prior years are of interest, and in connection with those relating to merchant mills alone, for 1909 and 1899, as given in Table 223 , indicate the relative importance of the custom mills. The following table presents statistics for all flour mills and gristmills, both mer- chant and custom, for the decennial censuses from 1849 to 1909, inclusive. Tatole 18 FLOUR-MTLL AND GRISTMILL PRODUCTS — MERCHANT AND CUSTOM MILLS. CENSUS TEAK. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by- manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1909 23, 662 25,258 18,470 24,338 22,573 13,868 11,891 46,467 37,073 47,403 58,407 58,448 27,682 23,310 1,126,347 1,014,872 752,365 771,201 576,686 $370,410 218,714 208,474 177,362 161,665 84,685 54,416 Jt22,603 17,703 18,138 17,422 14,578 8,721 5,680 S813,891 475,826 434, 152 441,545 367,392 208,497 113,037 8938,700 660,719 513,971 505,186 444,985 248,680 136,067 $124,809 84,893 79 819 1899 1889 1879 . .. 63 641 1869 77, 693 1859 40,083 23 020 1849. Table 19 presents statistics of materials and products for flour mills and gristmills but does not include data for establishments engaged exclusively in custom grinding. FOOD AND KINDEED PRODUCTS. 47 Table 19 FLOUH-MILL AND GRISTMILL PEODUCTa. 1911 1909 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost. Grain ground or milled, bushels. Wfieat Com Rye Buckwheat Barley Oats Other PRODUCTS. Total value. Wheat flour: B arrels Value White- Barrels Value Graham and whole wheat- Barrels Value Eye flour and rye graham: Barrels Value Buckwheat flouur: Pounds Value Barley meal: Pounds Value Com meal and com flour: Barrels Value Hominy and grits: Pounds Value Bran and middlings: Tons Value Feed and offal: Tons Value Oatmeal: Pounds Value Breakfast foods, rolled oats, etc.; Pounds Value All other cereal products, value . . Com oil, value All other products, value. $752,270,021 $767,576,479 $619,971,161 $428,116,757 818,929,321 545, 728, 431 180,115,704 12,813,831 5, 478, 045 20, 288, 396 50,227,050 4,277,864 1 $877,679,709 116, 403, 770 $543,839,568 115,829,791 3541,167,994 573, 979 $2,681,574 1,937,385 $7,845,213 125,622,189 $3, 754, 857 14,000,789 $242,343 16, 327, 993 $54,963,301 870,364,453 $13,767,561 4,666,534 $104, 702, 735 4,753,280 $137,067,959 30,451,581 $757,804 92,676,085 $2,932,238 $2,091,922 $152,208 $5,562,000 247,961 480,314 281,237 503,969 156,062 509, 770 241, 598 075,011 2 $883, 584, 405 105,756,645 $550,116,254 105,321,969 $548,017,654 434, 676 $2,098,600 1,532,139 $6,383,538 176,081,891 $4,663,561 28,550,952 $486,000 21,552,737 $66,941,095 827, 987; 702 $12,609,493 9,236,411 $230,366,342 $4,720,106 $7, 408, 016 754,945,729 494,095,083 178,217,321 11,480,370 6,531,305 18,628,552 45,381,009 612,089 '$713,033,395 104, 013, 278 $480, 258, 514 103,608,350 $478,484,601 404,928 $1,773,913 1,603,100 $5,892,108 175,354,062 $4,379,359 68,508,655 $922,884 23,624,693 $56,368,556 756,861,398 $8, 455, 420 7,925,412 $152,201,659 $4,554,895 729,061,820 471,306,986 180,573,076 10,088,381 5, 490, 156 10,067,348 47, 175, 766 4,360,107 $501,396,304 99,763,777 $333,997,686 1,443,339 $4,145,665 143, 190, 724 $3, 190, 152 91,275,646 $963, 710 27,838,811 $52, 167, 739 291, 726, 145 $2,567,084 7, 157, 488 $99,690,617 $4,673,751 1 In addition, merchant-ground products, valued at $9,046,449, were made by estabUshments engaged primarily in the manulacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The Items covered by this amount were: Wheat flour, valued at $2,600,937; rye flour, $125,887; buckwheat flour, $4 236; barley meal, $114,176; com meal and com flour, $1,065,830; hominy and grits, $1,268,612; oatmeal, $160- bran and middlings, $492,351; feed and oflal, $2,810,431 ; com oil, $115,891; and breakfast foods, $547,938. 2 In addition, breakfast foods, to the value of $36,978,613, were made by estabUshments engaged primarily in the manufacture of food preparations; and merchant-ground products, valued at $1,637,228, were made by establishments engaged pnmarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The Items covered by the latter amount were wheat flour, valued at $614,952; com meal, $87,507; rye flour, $12,330; feed, $907,165; and oflal, $15,274. . ^ .,.,.,. . ., . ., s In addition, breakfast foods, to the value of $23,904,952, were made by establishments engaged pnmanly In the manufacture of food preparations. < Not reported separately. Some merchant mills were reported for 1914 as grinding cereals for feed for live stock" as their chief, and in some instances their only, product; and other mills manufactured feed as a subsidiary product. The total production of feed and offal, as shown by the table, amounted to 4,753,280 tons, valued at $137,067,959. 48 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTBES : 1914. BREAD AND OTHER BAKERY PRODUCTS. This classification covers the baking of bread, crackers, pies, cakes, pastry, pretzels, The small neighborhood bakeries, as well as the large factories, were included at the census of 1914, provided their product during the census year exceeded $500 in value. The statistics, however, do not cover the making of bread or bakery products m hotels, restaurants, boarding houses, or private houses. Data as to the quantities of specific products were not called for by the schedule. While the wording of the class designation has changed sUghtly at different censuses, it has evidently been intended to cover practically the same class of establishments at each census since and including 1849. The rapid growth of the industry indicates the gradual transfer of a large part of the baking from homes to factories. Some establishments make a specialty of biscuits and crackers. This branch of the industry has developed to so great an extent as to justify the presentation of separate figures for it, and these are given in Table 7. Biscuits and crackers to the value of $1,278,916 were reported by manufacturers of other bakery products, and to the value of $2,094,845 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "confectionery. " Bakery products, other than biscuits and crackers, to the value of $3,009,133 were made by biscuit and cracker factories, and to the value of $2,349,660 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally manufacturers of ice cream and of confec- tionery. For 1909, biscuits and crackers and other bakery products valued at $2,359,063 were reported as subsidiary products by establishments assigned to other industries. FOOD PREPARATIONS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. This classification covers the manufactiu-e of food products not included under some more specific heading. Most of the estabUshments were engaged principally in the manufacture of "cereal" or " breakfast-food " preparations, although lard compounds and other substitutes; macaroni, vermicelli, spaghetti, etc.; meat prod- ucts, such as potted and canned meats, mince, etc.; sausage casings; blended and refined sirup made from maple and other sugar; ice-cream cones; peanut butter; pulverized sugar; shelled nuts; coffee substitutes- Saratoga chips; pie fillings; meat- curing preparations; sausage flavorings; desiccated, eggs, etc., are among the products. Establishments that made a specialty of poultry and animal feed are also included in this industry. No establishments were reported at the census of 1914 as engaged in the manufacture of peanut oil, but 60 establishments reported the production of peanut butter to the value of $1,503,238. A separate presentation was made at the census of 1869 for establishments in the food-products industry which manufactured commodities intended to be fed to animals, but no such presentation was made at the census of 1879. It seems probable, therefore, that products of this character were included to a less extent for 1879 than for the earlier year. Such a change in the scope of the industry would explain in part the decrease in the value of products between 1869 and 1879, though this was also due in large measure to the higher nominal values shown in the depreciated currency of 1869. The inclusion of the blending and refining of sirups for 1909 accounts in part for the large increases between 1904 and 1909. Table 20 gives, for 1914 and 1909, separate statistics for the establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of food for human consumption and of feed for animals and poultry, respectively. In addition to the classification shown in this table, for which comparative figures are available for the two censuses, a further segregation has been made of the reports for 1914 for establishments that manufacture food preparations for human consump- tion. Table 7 gives the general statistics for these various subclasses. _ There are also included as products of the canning and preserving industry con- siderable quantities of canned soups and other food products similar to those reported by some of the establishments classified as food preparations. The statistics for those products are shown in Table 17. For 1914 the production of breakfast foods, including oatmeal, rolled oats, etc., valued at $5,781,964, was reported by flour mills and gristmills; and "breadstuff preparations" to the value of $59,434 were reported by manufacturers of other food preparations, and to the value of $1,289,104 by establishments assigned to other industries. "Lard compounds and other substitutes" to the value of $33,037,467 were reported by slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, and to the value of $8,741,924 by manufacturers of cottonseed oil, soap, and tallow. POOD AND KINDRED PEODUCTS. 49 TaDle 20 FOOD PREPARATIONS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. ESTABUSHMENTS MANIIFACTUKING PRIMARILY— Num- ber of estab- Ush ments. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Pri- mary horse- power. Capital. Wages. 6ost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total, 1914 1,559 1,213 20,306 14,968 80,022 55,166 $91,039 64,685 $10,866 7,043 $153,751 83,942 $219,333 125,331 $65,582 41, 389 1909 Foods for human consumption: 1914 1,359 1,021 200 192 17,770 13,168 2,536 1,800 56,744 ^) 23,278 6) 77,990 54,105 13,049 10,580 9,259 6,086 1,607 957 119,599 67,618 34, 152 16,324 177,311 104,244 42,022 21,087 57, 712 1909 36 625 Feed for poultry and animals: 1914 7,870 4,764 1909 1 Not shown separately. Macaroni, vermicelli, noodles, etc., to the value of $5,470 were reported by manu- facturers of other food preparations and to the value of $395,253 by establishments in other industries, principally bakeries, although a small amount was reported by establiflhments grinding , spices and by manufacturers of pickles, preserves, and sauces. Meat products, such as meat puddings, head cheese, scrapple, etc., to the value of $4,488,461, were reported by the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, and to the value of $1,368,036 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally sausage, but including some products classed under "pickles, preserves, and sauces." The "food-preparations" industry covers the manufacture of all sausage casings not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. The sausage casings made in such establishments during 1914 were valued at $9,077,593. Sirups to the value of $2,002,030 were reported by establishments in other industries. "All other food preparations for human consumption" to the value of $111,533 were reported by establishments in other subgroups in the "food-preparations" industry, and to the value of $3,362,902 by establishments in other industries, such as "pickles, preserves, and sauces," "glue," "coffee, roasting and grinding," "oil, castor," "confectionery," "flavoring extracts," "canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables," "soap," "bread and other bakery products," "butter," "mineral and soda waters," "baking powders," etc. Prepared food for Animals and fowls to the value of $2,675,912 was reported by manufacturers of breadstuff preparations and cereals, and of sirups, and to the value of $1,832,610 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally distilled and malt liquors, grease and tallow, fertilizers, linseed oil, glue, buttons, patent medicines and compounds, and oil, not elsewhere specified. So far as it can be identified, the production of prepared foods for animals and fowls in 1914 was valued at $46,530,913. Flour and grist mills reported the production of bran and middlings valued at $104,702,735, and feed and offal valued at $137,067,959. Glucose and starch factories also reported the production of stock feed to the value of $6,690,412. GLUCOSE AND STARCH. The manufacture of glucose was treated as a separate industry from 1879 to 1904, but the number of establishments manufacturing glucose as their chief product are few and several of them are large producers of starch. In Table 21 separate figures for the two branches of the industry are given for 1879 to 1914, each estabUshment being classified according to its product of chief value. The principal products of glucose factories are glucose or ' ' corn sirup , ' ' starch, grape sugar, com oil, corn-oil cake and meal, and feed for live stock. The principal business of the establishments included under the starch subclassifi- cation is the extraction from com, potatoes, arrowroot (Zamia), and wheat flour of the carbohydrate known as starch. The product is used for food, for laundering, for sizing, for finishing calico, for thickening colors, and for many other purposes. Some of the starch factories also report the manufacture of glucose, dextrine, com oil, corn- oil cake and meal, and stock feed. 67031°— 17 4 50 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTTEES : 1914. Tattle 21 ESTABLISHMENTS MANUFACTUniNG PKIMAKILT— Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Glucose: 1914 7 8 9 8 7 7 82 110 131 124 80 139 195 167 146 2,729 2,848 2,876 3,288 1,724 1,192 1,780 1,925 1,803 2,665 2,903 3,119 2,072 1,073 694 24,590 16,923 24,271 14,980 14,800 « 17,049 11,334 11,715 11,662 6,169 (') 4,547 $26,572 21,446 17, 045 41,011 5,991 2,255 17,070 17,420 7,008 11,672 4,929 5,328 2,742 2,052 693 $2,327 1,637 1,775 1,755 902 606 1,223 1,029 866 1,100 959 919 901 299 193 $29,910 25,272 20,268 15,773 5,029 3,044 10,298 11,627 5,261 5,806 5,164 4,911 3,885 1,380 799 $38,619 32,931 24,567 21,694 7,767 4,651 .13,996 15,868 8,083 9,233 8,935 7,478 5,994 2,823 1,261 $8,709 1909 7,659 1904 4,309 1899 5,921 1889 2,728 1879 1,507 Starch: 1914 3,698 1909 4,241 1904 2,822 1899 3,427 1889 3,781 1879 2,567 1869 2,109 1869 1,443 1849 462 1 Figures not available. Statistics as to materials and products, for the years 1914, 1909, and 1904 are pre- sented in the following table: Tattle 22 GLUCOSE AND STARCH. 1914 1909 1904 MATERIALS. Corn: Pounds . . . . 2,488,792,405 $30,207,662 169, 878, 784 $498,015 14,198,049 $301,560 $52,615,401 2,240,508,915 $26,674,779 210,608,127 $541,359 19,546,824 $482,263 $48,799,311 (') $19,074,728 Potatoes: Pounds 209,372.549 $663,651 Wheat flour: {') Cost h) PRODUCTS. Total value - $32,649,836 Starch: 620,704,347 $15,783,781 574,247,697 $13, 784, 654 23,540,472 8718,006 22,976,178 $1,281,121 $18,541,429 174,368,818 $3,765,515 8, 861, 579 $3,693,163 143,001,065 $1,829,305 $6,690,412 $2,311,796 677,635,647 $17,514,823 638,825,366 $15,962,916 24,873,415 $823,019 13,836,866 $728,888 $17,922,514 159,060,478 $3,620,816 8,164,175 $2,802,768 $6,013,968 $924,422 356,695,335 Value $10, 927, 538 Corn- 311,140,814 Value $8,878,450 27,709,400 $924,476 17,845,121 $1,124,612 $12,352,616 $2,254,745 $1,164,466 Potato- Pounds Value Other starches- Value Glucose (including all sirups), value Grape sugar: Value Corn oil: Gallons Corn-oil cake and meal: Pounds Value [3 $4,446,479 $1,503,992 All other products, value 1 Not reported. 2 Not reported separately. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS. 51 In addition, there were produced by establishmenta engaged primarily in other industries, during 1914, starches to the value of $101,817. Quantities of refined and blended sirups are also made from corn and other materials by certain establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products; and considerable quantities of glucose are manufactured for their own use by establishments producing sirups, jams, jellies, etc. The value of such glucose and sirups is not included in the totai given in the table and can not be shown separately without disclosing the operations of individual establishments. Although apparently the production of starch decreased from 1909 to 1914 by 56,771,- 300 pounds, or 8.4 per cent, the actual conditions in the industry indicated an increase. Some of the establishments are engaged primarily in reprocessing or producing mixed starches, and as a result there is more or less duplication in quantities and values of products. In 1909 such factories used as their principal material 105,299,010 pounds of cornstarch, but in 1914 only 9,812,659 pounds were used for this purpose. The deduction of this duplication from the totals gives the quantities of marketable corn- starch produced; 564,435,038 pounds in 1914 and 583,526,356 pounds in 1909. This' great decrease in the quantity of cornstarch used in producing reprocessed or mixed starches is explained by the fact that in 1914 several of the largest producers of these starches had either ceased operations entirely or had discontinued this particular branch of business. The total quantity of glucose and sirups manufactured during 1914, including that consumed in establishments where produced, was 847,180,968 pounds. The quantity of glucose produced as an intermediate product and consumed by the same establishments in the manufacture of sirups, Jama, jellies, and similar products was not reported in 1909, but the total quantity of glucose and sirups reported at that census was 769,660,210 pounds. The principal materials used are corn, potatoes, and wheat flour, the first named being by far the most important. BICE, CLEANING AND POLISHING. The statistics for establishments engaged primarily in milling rice, domestic and foreign, are included under this classification. The processes involve the production, from rough rice, of cleaned and polished rice, rice bran, and polish. The principal statistics for the industry as reported at each census from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are shown in Table 223, the statistics for 1914 being given by states. The following table presents statistics, from 1899 to 1914, inclusive, as to quantity of rough rice milled, both on a custom or exchange basis and in merchant mills, and as to the quantity and value of the various products obtained: Tatole 23. BICE, CLEANING AND POLISHING. 191* 1909 1904 1899 Rough rice treated, pounds 1,036,587,825 974,747,475 999,727,650 398,602,018 1,025,628,075 10,959,750 970,873,740 3,873,735 990,473,625 9,254,025 359,187,559 39,414,469 PEODUCTS. Total value $23,039,294 $22,371,457 $16,296,916 38,723,726 Clean rice: PouAds 674,872,108 $21,655,105 31,053,118 $352,271 99,403,200 $772,275 $259,643 626,089,489 $20,685,982 29,821,813 $362,052 91,208,529 $736,215 $587,208 623,900,245 $15,357,133 33,290,331 $267,647 120,694,130 $601,193 $170,943 243,031,200 (') , 15,134,648 69,265,012 (0 (') Value PoUsh: Value Bran: Value 1 Not shown separately. 52 CENSUS OF MANTTFACTtJEES : 1614. Of the domestic growth milled, 562,837,320 pounds were of the Honduras type, 454,067,775 of the Japan type, and 8,722,980 pounds of other types. A very small amount of rice treated by small mills doing custom work of various kinds is not included in the census, but the quantity is so slight as to have no appre- ciable effect on the total shown in the table. STGAB.. The statistics relative to the manufacture of sugar are presented under three classi- fications. The beet-sugar industry covers the making of sugar, mainly -refined or granulated, from beets of domestic origin; the industry designated "sugar, cane" comprises the manufacture of sugar, sirup, and molasses from sugar cane of domestic origin; and the industry designated "sugar, refining" embraces the refining of raw cane sugar, the greater part of the material being imported sugar.' The census of 1909 was the first at which statistics relating to the manufacture of sugar and molasses direct from the cane were separated from those for the refining of the purchased raw sugar. Most of the establishments in the cane-sugar industry reported sugar as their principal product, though there were a few (29 out of a total of 181 in 1914 and 22 out of a total of 214 in 1909) that reported sirup as their chief product. The production of maple sugar and sirup and the manufacture of sirup on farms from sugar and sorghum cane are not covered by this industry. For blended sirups, see Food preparations. Table 7. The combined value of products of the beet-sugar and cane-sugar mills using materials of domestic origin amounted to $84,240,583 in 1914 and to $78,743,121 in 1909. The value of products of the cane-sugar refineries aggregated $289,398,715 in 1914 and $248,628,659 in 1909. Of this value, the cost of materials, which consist chiefly of raw sugar imported from Cuba and from the United States insular possessions of Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philippines, represented 91.3 per cent in 1914 and 91 per cent in 1909. The combined value of products of all establishments producing raw or refined sugar was $373,639,298 in 1914 and $327,371,780 in 1909. These amounts include some duplication due to the use of the cane-mill product as material for the refineries. Table 24 BEET AND CANE SUGAE rNDUSTEIES. 1914 1909 Total value Beet products Cane products Sugar: Tons (2,000 pounds) Value Beet: Tons Value Cane: Tons Value , Molasses, sirups, and all other xDroduets, value Beet Cane $84,240,683 62,605,210 21,635,373 $78,743,121 48,122,383 30,620,738 1,008,274 $77,538,149 743, 473 $68,590,466 264,801 $18,947,683 $6,702,434 $4,014,744 $2,687,690 828,640 $72,033,302 501,682 $45,937,629 326,858 $26,095,673 $6,709,819 $2,184,754 $4,625,065 • Includes molasses, sirup, and other products of mills producing no sugar. The total production of sugar in 1914 from beets and cane of domestic'growth was 1,008,274 tons (of 2,000 pounds), as against 828,540 tons in 1909. Beet sugar consti- tuted 73.7 per cent of the total in the later year and cane sugar 26.3 per cent- the cor- responding percentages for 1909 were 60.6 and 39.4, respectively. B eet sugar.— The beet-sugar industry was first shown separately at the census of 1879, when there were reported four establishments, with 350 wage earners and products to the value of $282,572. At the census of 1869, however, two establishments, with 116 wage earners and products valued at $119,720, had been reported under "sugar and molasses, beet a,nd grape," the greater part of the product doubtless being beet sugar. For 1889 only two establishments were reported, and these were included with "all other industries" in order to avoid the disclosure of individual operations. Table 223 gives statistics for the census years from 1899 to 1914, inclusive Table 25 shows the quantities and values of the products m3,'de from sugar beets of domestic growth, the quantities of beets grown, and the acreage devoted to this crop. FOOD AND KINDEED PBODTJCTS. 53 TaUle 25 BEET SUGAE. 1909 1904 Acreage of sugar beets, total planted Directly by factory By tenants of factory On contract by others than tenants of factory. Beets used, tons (2,000 pounds) Grown directly by factory Grown by tenants of factory Gro%vn on contract by others than tenants of factory PKODUCTS. Total value Sugar: Tons (2,000, poimds) Value Granulated- Tons, Value Kaw— Tons Value Molasses: Gallons (12.2 pounds) Value Pulp, value Dried Moist All other products, vahie 532, 421 28,286 15,397 488,768 5,639,103 214,923 135, 537 5,288,643 415, 064 29,459 18, 166 368,339 3,965,356 266, 708 163,843 3,534,745 240, 757 20, 484 20,223 200,050 2, 175, 417 169,839k 210,247 1,795,331 862,605,210 $48,122,383 $24,393,794 743,473 $58, 590, 466 739,233 $58,351,324 4,240 $239, 142 26,461,291 81,536,192 $2,094,863 $1,510,759 $584, 104 $383, 689 501,682 $45,937,629 496,807 $45,645,810 4,875 $291,819 20,812,747 $1,129,905 $795,900 $258,949 263,921 $23, 924, 602 248, 309 $23,493,373 5,612 $431, 229 , 9,609,542 $221, 097 $202,070 $46,025 135, 305 10,239 13, 074 111,992 794,658 23,241 95,071 676, 346 $7,323,857 81, 729 $7,222,581 57,843 $5,580,627 23, 886 $1,642,054 13,551,856 $25, 102 $21,822 $64, 352 1 Includes quantities for which no value could be given; also wastage. 2 Not reported separately. Cane sugar. — Statistics for the cane-sugar and the sugar-refining industries com- bined are given, for the last four censuses, in the following table: Table 26 CANE SUGAE, AND CANE-SUGAE KEHNING. CENSUS YEAE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 199 233 344 657 14,885 13,526 13,549 14, 129 162,912 160, 603 140,650 152,569 $173,497 153, 167 165, 468 184,033 $9,384 7,484 7,576 6,918 $280,043 247,683 244, 753 221,385 $311,034 279,260 277, 285 239,711 $30, 991 1909 31,667 1904 32,632 1899 18,326 In this table the figures for cost of materials and value of products include, of course, some duplication due to the use of the products of the cane-sugar industry as mate- rials for the sugar-refining industry. The cane-sugar industries were reported at censuses prior to 1899, but on such different bases that the figures are not comparable with those for the last four cen- suses, and for that reason they are excluded from the table. For 1849, under "sugar refiners," 23 establishments were reported, with 1,656 wage earners and products valued at $9,898,800; for 1859^ 39, with 3,484 wage earners and products valued at $42,143,234; for 1869, 59, with 4,597 wage earners and products valued at $108,941,911 ; for 1879, 49, with 5,857 wage earners and products valued at $155,484,915; and for 1889, 393, with 7,043 wage earners and products valued at $123,118,259. In addition, for 1859, 2 establishments were classified under the heading of "sugar and molasses" and 2 under the heading of "sugar evaporators," the former having 5 wage earners and products valued at $2,280, and the latter, 27 wage earners and products valued 54 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. at $31,000; and for 1869, 713 establishments were reported under the heading of sugar and molasses, raw cane," employing 21,299 wage earners and having products valued at $10,383,368. In 1899 and 1904 there were no classifications of this nature. The figures for 1914 and 1909 are not strictly comparable with those for previous censuses, because at the earlier censuses some important establishments which made table sirups by compounding maple, cane, or beet sugar with other materials were included under the heading of "sugar and molasses, refining," whereas at the cen- suses of 1914 and 1909 such establishments were classed with those which manufac- tured "food preparations . " At the census of 1904 the statistics for ' ' sugar and molasses, refining," included data for 38 establishments of this character, which employed 679 wage earners and paid out $295,442 in wages. The cost of materials reported by these establishments was $5,570,320 and the value of products $6,801,034. Information of this nature is not available for prior censuses. The following table shows the quantities and values of the products made direct from sugar cane of domestic growth, as well as the quantities of cane crushed, for 1914 and 1909. Separate statistics for this industry are not available for prior censuses. Table 27 CANE SUGAE. 1914 1909 Cane crushed: Tons (2,000 pounds) 3,754,820 «13,408,689 4,520,419 $17,211,752 Cost ' PEODUCTS.l Total value 121,635,373 $30,620,738 Sugar: Tons (2,000 pounds; 264,801 $18,947,683 53,694 $4,228,860 91,075 $6,742,266 114, 823 $7,615,147 5,309 $361,410 20,675,260 $2,021,517 2,420,633 $609, 696 $56,477 326,858 $26,095,673 Value , Eeflned— Tons ?^1 Value Clarified (all sugar not refined and not raw, usually called "yellow " or "white clarified")— Tons Value 3 323,180 Eaw (all sugar not ready for consumption, usually sold to refiners)— Tons '$25,794,287 Value .-. Brown (open-kettle process)— Tons 3,678 $301,386 24,687,581 $2,846,559 < 1,449,860 < $365, 632 < $1,313, 874 Value Molasses (liquid product Irom which more or less sugar has been extracted): Gallons Value Sirup (liquid product Irom which no sugar has been extracted): Value All other products, value ' ^^"''"f '^ manufactured direct from cane, not including the refined product made from raw sugar 2 Not reported separately. 3 Reported as "vacuum pan." products^" ?OT Soo'^"'^'^ ^^ establishments which manufacture no sugar is included under "all other FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS. 55 Sugar, refining. — The quantities and values of the products of establishments in the cane-sugar refining industry are shown in Table 28 for 1914. The statistics for this industry were not shown in detail at prior censuses. Tatole 28 Cane-sugar roflning, 1914. Eaw sugar used: 7,120,967,300 $247,086,355 Cost PK0DUCT3. $289,398,715 KeSued sugar: 6,666,268,045 $285,495,974 35,802,995 Molasses andsirap: Value.... $3,284,278 $618, 463 VINEGAR AND CIDER. The manufacture of vinegar and cider is frequently conducted on farms, and the factory industry itself is closely allied to agriculture. Although the instructions to special agents in 1914 were to exclude cider mills on farms from the census of manu- factures, it is probable that some were included. As a rule the cider-maMng estab- lishments included in the census reported motive power and were of considerable importance. Some of these establishments were also engaged in sawing logs, grind- ing grain, etc., but cider wag there product of greatest value. The value of the lum- ber, stock feed, and other subsidiary producte reported by such establishments for 1914 was $625,738, and for 1909, $746,280. For 1914, in order to present figures comparable with those for exports, separate statistics are given in Table 7 f or " vinegar " and for ' ' cider, ' ' each establishment being classified according to the product of chief value. There is, however, considerable overlapping between the two groups. For 1914, vinegar to the value of $338,056 was reported by cider mills, to the value of $228,114 as made for sale by establishments engaged primarily in canning and preserving fruits and vegetables, and to the value of $2,495,289 by establishments under other classifications, principally "pickles, preserves, and sauces. ' ' Cider to the value of $433,369 was reported by manufacturers of vinegar, to the value of $148,122 as made for sale by canneries, and to the value of $178,180 by other manufacturers, principally those classified under "mineral and soda waters" and "pickles, preserves, and sauces." For 1909, vinegar and cider to the value of $2,552,604 were reported as subsidiary products by establishments assigned to other industries. The decrease in the value of products of the vinegar and cider industry is prob- ably attributable to the increased use of factory-made pickles, the pickle factories making practically all their own vinegar. 56 CEsrstrs OP manufactxtres : 1914. TEXTILES AND THEIR PRODUCTS. THE GBOTJP AS A WHOLE. This group of industriea may be broadly divided into three divisions, namely, those which are engaged in one or more of the processes involved in the manufacture of the fabric, those which convert the fabric into articles for personal wear, and those making other textile products. Industries of the second and third divisions largely use as materials the products of industries of the first division. Moreover, even within a single industry there is often duplication in value of products due to the same cause. The textile group, as a whole, occupies second place among the 14 groups of industries in value of products, being exceeded in this respect by "food and kindred products. " If the comparison be baaed on the average number of wage earners, however, the textile group ranks first, giving employment in 1914 to 1,498,664 wage earners, or 21.3 per cent of the total number reported for all manufacturing industries. TEXTILES AND THEIR PRODUCTS; 1914. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number) Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value ot products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total Textile fabrics and materials. . . Cotton goods Cotton small wares Cotton lace Hosiery and knit goods Regular factories Hand-knit goods Silk goods Finished products Throwing and winding Woolen and worsted goods Woolen goods Worsted goods Felt goods Hats, wool-felt Carpets and rugs, other than rag Wool shoddy Wool pulling Wool scouring Cordage and twine Jute goods Linen goods Flax and hemp dressed Mats and mattings, from cocoa fiber and grass Hats,/ur-felt Haircloth Dyeing and finishing textiles, ex- clusive of that done in textile mills Cloth, sponging and reflnishing Articles from textile fabrics for personal wear Clothing, men's Regular factories Men's and youths' clothing Boys' clothing Another Contract work Men's and youths' clothing Boys' clothing All other Clothing, men's, buttonholes Shirts Furnishing goods, men's , Collars and cuffs, men's Suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods , 22, 995 1, 498, 664 S2,810,848 6,942 1,179 108 41 1,022 1,491 131 902 695 207 799 501 298 63 30 97 64 34 24 105 34 21 16 12 224 19 507 51 14,953 2,331 2,044 264 33 2,499 2,310 186 4 139 792 651 35 216 960, 880 2,122,828 379, 366 6,598 7,440 150,520 160, 145 375 108, 170 89, 967 18, 203 158, 692 49, 165 109, 527 4,035 1,249 31, 309 2,145 708 1,069 15, 769 7,987 3,667 116 21,318 595 48,467 901 610, 595 867, 044 11, 766 20, 967 215, 826 215, 357 469 210, 072 173, 462 36, 610 389, 653 107, 872 281, 781 20,284 2,609 85, 154 6,421 3,634 3,493 72, 472 17, 279 8,810 235 5,055 39,401 2,945 139, 194 625 671, 866 173, 747 123, 939 116,633 7,753 653 49, 808 45,264 4,498 46 672 51,972 22, 459 10,100 9,646 224, 061 218, 025 202, 671 14, 510 844 6,026 6,469 546 11 224 50, 944 27,888 16, 025 16, 344 S672,351 $1,993,058 404, 606 146, 130 ,2, 825 3,468 59, 768 59, 605 163 47, 109 42, 117 4,992 75,953 24,204 61, 749 2,089 600 14, 716 1,066 462 617 6,996 3,060 1,386 45 456 12, 071 290 24, 872 658 250, 114 63, 496 69, 130 4,138 227 23, 333 21,415 1,887 31 326 19, 170 8,416 4,494 4,276 $3,414,615 ,S1,421,667 1,185,091 431,603 6,243 5,677 146, 687 146,291 396 144, 442 131, 798 12,644 246, 497 63,696 182, 801 8,308 978 42, 280 5,300 6,632 3,176 43, 606 12,680 4,289 185 1,170 16, 947 1,664 66, 705 133 673,013 230, 032 228, 117 209, 146 18, 107 864 1,916 1,591 322 2 90 50,665 31, 593 6,566 15, 191 1,935,344 676, 569 11, 526 13, 207 258,913 258, 041 872 264, Oil 232, 092 21,319 379,484 103, 816 275, 668 13,693 1,945 69, 128 7,707 8,273 4,566 69, 762 16, 614 6,960 283 2,236 37, 350 2,396 109,292 1,631 1, 297, 273 468,211 425, 087 388,299 35,313 1,475 33,124 30,224 2,829 71 638 96, 815 52, 463 18,531 24,433 750, 253 244,966 5,282 7,530 112,226 111, 750 476 109, 569 100, 894 8,675 132,987 40,120 92,867 5,385 967 26,848 2,407 1,641 1,389 16, 157 3,934 2,671 1,066 20, 403 742 52, 587 1,398 228, 179 196,970 179, 153 17, 206 611 31,209 28, 633 2,607 69 548 45, 150 20, 860 11, 965 9,242 TEXTILES AND THEIR PEODUCTS. 57 Tatolo 29— Continued. TEXTILES AND THEIR PBOPUOTS: 1814. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. Articles from textile fabrics for personal wear — Continued. Hats and caps, other than felt , straw , and wool Clothing, women's Regular factories Suits, skirts, and cloaks Shirt waists and dresses, ex- cept house dresses Undergarments and petticoats. Wrappers and house dresses Another Contract work Suits, skirts, and cloaks Shirt waists and dresses, except house dresses Undergarments and petticoats. Wrappers and house dresses . . All other Corsets Millinery and lace goods Embroideries Trimmed hats and hat frames. . . Dress and cloak trimmings, braids, and fringes Women's neckwear All other Other textile products. Awnings, tents, and sails Bags, other than paper Belting and hose, woven Woven belting Woven hose Clothing, horse Flags and banners Regalia and society badges and emblems Hammocks Nets and seines Carpets, rag Oilcloth and linoleum, floor Oilcloth, enameled Upholstering materials imitation leather, lea. .theroid Excelsior Curled hair All other Waste Cotton A 11 other v Oakum 580 5,664 4,470 2,053 218 160 304 2,100 138 31 26 5 37 87 138 14 16 463 18 13 179 10 99 19 51 73 49 24 7,322 168, 907 151, 950 69,468 1,369 58,211 439 20, 122 253 6,673 7,476 356 1,094 16,957 631 7,318 265 5,382 51 1,204 50 1,273 97 1,780 167 20,496 2,079 45, 274 773 11,332 634 16,602 2,697 5,544 9,099 37, 189 5,073 9,358 952 838 114 1,669 1,495 2,010 285 1,058 2,130 4,428 1,223 4,426 795 1,177 1,212 1,242 2,966 2,668 298 116 $6,847 153,549 150, 929 64,615 47, 110 23,829 8,149 7,226 2,620 1,158 796 177 139 300 23, 893 53, 101 15, 487 17,677 3,530 5,387 11,020 116, 154 9,958 30. 878 4,848 4,509 339 4,482 1,843 4,122 608 2,678 1,654 20,292 7,749 15. 879 6,020 2,980 2,930 3,949 10, 668 9,732 936 495 $4, 508 92, 574 85, 869 42, 044 29, 726 8,353 2,596 3,150 6,705 3,791 1,287 411 423 793 7,977 21, 546 5,581 1,185 2,403 3,417 17,631 2,954 3,789 460 404 56 668 690 980 119 379 995 2,604 609 2,144 485 558 524 577 1,191 1,048 143 49 S9,268 262,345 251, 330 120, 978 79, 149 31, 832 9,772 9,599 1,015 493 180 118 41 183 19, 687 57, 676 9,125 26, 639 4,496 6,984 10, 432 134,954 10, 156 67, 021 2,869 2,678 291 3,569 1,750 2,205 361 2,257 722 11,252 6,524 10, 796 4,108 1,403 2,471 2,814 16,238 14, 122 1,116 236 518, 593 473, 888 462, 005 223,257 150, 106 52, 687 17,900 18, 066 11, 883 6,232 3,012 690 591 1,358 40, 551 114, 160 23, 393 48, 362 7,810 13, 896 20, 699 181, 998 18, 138 79, 049 4,441 3,964 477 5,150 3,601 5,025 671 3,088 2,786 17, 602 7,996 16, 492 6,097 2,616 3,658 4,221 17,600 16,111 1,489 TEXTILE FABRICS. Table 30 shows the development of the manufacture of textile fabrics since 1850. It covers, primarily, the industries that do spinning and weaving, and, therefore, includes the manufacture of cotton goods, cotton small wares, and cotton lace; woolen goods, worsted goods, felt goods, wool-felt hats, and carpets and rugs, other than rag; silk goods, including tlirowster products; hosiery and knit goods; and cordage and twine, jute goods, and linen goods. 58 CENStrs OF manufactures: 1914. Tame 30 TEXTILE FABRICS, CENSUS TEAE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horsepower. Capital. Wages. Cost o! materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 4,991 4,825 4,268 4,099 4,056 4,290 4,709 3, 104 2,921 874,702 834, 087 704,051 631,979 497, 822 387,554 267,321 191, 152 141, 792 2,384,986 1,976,026 1,526,031 1,229,857 767,369 1 435,933 i $1,921,925 1,717,795 1,254,896 982,559 729,333 406,337 285, 175 148,440 107,696 $364,090 312,975 233,967 196,372 159, 613 104,373 83,002 39,453 - m $1,093,189 950,995 726, 357 503,511 435,250 311, 753 260,570 113, 890 85,176 $1,761,711 1,591,736 1, 164, 706 888,882 730,567 534,874 418,527 211, 707 113,316 $668,522 1909.. 640, 741 1904 438, 349 1899 383,371 1889 295,317 1879 222, 921 1869.... 1859 157,957 97,817 1849 48, 140 ' Does not include horsepower used in cordage and twine and jute and linen goods industries, which was not reported separately. 2 Comparable figures not available. 3 Not fully reported. Table 31 shows the quantities of the different kinds of raw fiber consumed in the manufacture of textile fabrics, as reported at the last four censuses. This table com- bines and summarizes the data shown in detail in Tables 35, 43, 46, and 60. TEXTILE FABEICS— RAW FIBERS CONSUMED (POUNDS). 1914: 1909 19 (») w 986,855 $3,691,847 824,032 $2,240,606 9,501 $201,667 139,994 $1,133,328 12,728 $116,286 W (=) <'} (■) (') « 71,038 $248,523 1,898,687 $4,244,046 343,429 $1,002,392 594,090 $3,493,837 157,622 $328,720 $951,052 TEXTILES AND THEIR PKODUCTS. 67 Table 41 — Continued. PRODUCTS — continued. Boot and shoe linings: Square yards Value Eider down; Square yards Value Jersey cloth and stockinette: Square yards Value Astrakhan and similar fabrics: Square yards Value Yams for sale: Cotton — Pounds Value Woolen — Pounds Value Worsted — Pounds Value Merino — ■ Pounds Value Cotton waste: Pounds Value Old bagging and ties, value Amount of contract wort, value., All other products, value EQUIPMENT. Sets of cards Woolen and shoddy Cotton Spindles, producing Woolen and shoddy. . Worsted Cotton HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS. Sewing machines, all classes.. Knitting machines Power Spring-beard needle.. Latch needle Hand Spring-beard needle.. Latch needle 1914 6,221,601 $670,095 1,076,995 1516,957 10,593,986 S4, 378, 544 1,8.54,861 $1,251,653 17,052,510 $3,990,349 116,976 $63,861 658 $638 183, 147 $76,906 12,999,218 $628,944 $24,452 $3,649,274 $6,014,250 3,074 863 2,211 848,729 254, 157 2,585 591,987 65,328 142, 240 138, 167 16, 138 122, 029 4,073 238 3,835 1909 9,726,770 $1, 209, 464 1,298,322 $442,431 3, 111, 272 $784, 255 410, 207 7,457,412 $1,568,417 « 488, 322 $217,114 P) (■) (') 0) $1,082,485 $4,954,708 2,671 844 1,827 729,935 244, 458 2,360 483, 117 43,885 115, 019 110, 630 17, 308 93,322 4,389 372 4,017 1904 11,768,961 $1,249,401 4,843,939 $1,018,981 3,354,026 $1, 146, 127 455, 274 $364,316 3,304,615 $654,234 62,653 $14,268 232,869 $230,836 196,037 $100,746 « P) $208, 167 $4,840,633 1,977 977 1,000 596,362 286,661 9,664 300,037 30,410 88,374 81, 876 13,564 68,312 6,498 335 6,163 1899 10,406,440 $2,205,003 4,488,911 $1,305,376 664, 779 $332,488 2,419,282 $422, 100 79,027 $38,307 51,202 $36,303 4,300 $2,080 $273,931 $4,157,064 510, 172 290,366 14,064 205,742 24,535 69,047 63,238 14, 177 49,061 5,809 336 5,473 ■ Not reported separately. 2 In admtion, hosiery and knit goods to the value of $5^088^033 in 1914, and to the value of $2,975,749 m 1909, were reported by establishments engaged primarily m other industries. 3 Includes silk half -hose. ' Included in silk hose. » Included in silk shirts and drawers and combination suits, s Includes woolen, worsted, and merino yarns. SILK GOODS, IlfOLUDING THROWSTERS. This clasaification covers the manufacture of broad silks, velvets, plushes, uphol- stery and tapestry goods; ribbons, laces, veilings, and embroideries; braids and bindings, trimmings, and fringes and gimps; machine twist; and sewing, embroidery, wash, fringe, and floss silks. In all instances silk ia the material of predominant value. Some establishments are engaged exclusively in. the throwing of raw silk into organzine and tram, which constitute the warp and woof, respectively, of silk goods. The work is either done on commission, the material being furnished by others, or the raw silk is bought and the product sold by the throwster. In the former case only the amount received as commission is included in the value of products reported by the throwster. The throwing of silk in establishments other than those manufacturing the finished product has assumed large proportions, almost two-thiids of the total quantity of raw silk thrown into organzine and tram being reported by 68 CENSUS OF MANrrFACTUEES : 1914. such estabKshments. For this reason there is some duplication in the total value of products for the industry. Statistics for the silk industry are given for each census from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, in Table 223 (p. 688). The figures for 1849 to 1889, inclusive, include establishments that reported eilk hose and silk knit goods as the product of chief value. Since 1889 the reports for such establishments have been included under the classification of "hosiery and knit goods." (See Table 41.) The statistics for 1914 and 1909 show, separately, data for those establishments making finished products and for those engaged exclusively in throwing and winding. Table 42 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Capital. Wages. Cost ol materials. Value of products. Value, added by manufac- ture. Expressed in thousands. Total 1914 902 852 108, 170 99, 037 J210,072 152, 168 $47,109 38, 570 $144,442 107,767 $254,011 196,912 $109,569 89,145 1909 Finished products: 1914 ■ ; 696 660 207 192 89,967 82,993 18,203 16,044 173,462 137,385 36,610 14, 773 42,117 34, 619 4,992 3,961 131,798 101,810 12,644 5,957 232,692 183,720 21,319 13, 191 100,894 81,910 8,675 7,234 1909 Throwing and winding: 1914 ... 1909 Silk and silk yarn used in textile manufactures. — The use of silk in the manufac- ture of hosiery, cotton, woolen and worsted goods has increased rapidly. The following table shows the quantity of raw silk and of silk yarn and spun silk reported as materisd for each of the textile industries at the censuses of 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. The use of artificial silk in textile manufacture has become so important in recent years that the quantities reported are also included in this table. Tatole 43 SILK CONSUMED IN TEXTILE MILLS (POUNDS). 1914 1909 1904 1S99 Raw silk. 25,021,946 17,729,306 11,672,783 9,760,770 22,374,700 1,057,083 1, 590, 162 10,628,602 17,472,204 257,102 11,572,783 9,760,770 Cotton manufactures Hosiery and Imit goods.... 9,Q15,079 6,409,531 5,041,899 7,065,208 855,123 714,093 86,943 54,087 1,913,478 5,490,944 2,062,006 1,923,727 138,279 5, 187, 945 412,589 369, 575 43,014 3,888,755 660,680 607,119 53,561 Cottongoods Cotton lace Hosiery and knit goods 982, 763 320,671 266,247 6 874 Cordage and twine 794, 693 117, 291 404,370 273,032 3,610,644 479,376 70,959 211,677 196,840 914,49.4 488; 326' 107, 396 304,930 76,000 466,161 3201343 67,978 73,951 188,41^ 6,065 Woolen goods Worsted goods - . . Carpets and rugs, other than rag ArtiflcialsUk Silk goods 1,902,974 450, 427 1,257,243 914,494 8 466,161 6,065 Cotton manufactures Hosiery and knit goods ' Not reported separately. Table 44 presents statistics forihe materials, products, and equipment for the manu- facture of silk goods, including throwsters, as reported for the census years 1899 to 1914, inclusive. "^ TEXTILES AND THEIK PRODUCTS. 69 Tattle 44 SILK GOODS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 MATEBIALS. Total cost. Silk: 1 Raw — Pounds Cost Spun- Pounds Cost Artificial — Pounds Cost Organzine and tram, purchased— Pounds Cost Fringe and floss, including waste, noils, etc, , purchased— P ounds Cost Yarns, other than silk: Cotton, including mercerized — Pounds Cost Woolen or worsted — Pounds Cost Mohair — Pounds Cost All other- Pounds Cost All other materials, cost. . PEODUCTS. Total value . Broad silks: Yards Value All-silk goods- Yards Value Piece, dyed- Yards Value Printed- Yards Value Yam, dyed- Yards Value Mixed goods — Yards Value Piece, dyed — Yards Value Printed— Yards Value Yam, dyed- Yards Value Velvets: Yards : Value Plushes: Yards Value Upholstery and tapestries: Yards Value Ribbons, value Laces, nets, veils, veilings, etc. , value . $144,442,321 $107,766,916 $75,861,188 $62,406,665 22,374,700 $86,416,857 3,209,309 $8,094,427 1,902,974 $3,440,154 3,865,899 $16,703,096 4,328,536 $3,066,297 18, 333, 810 $7,241,577 1,987,918 $2,087, 80J 2,645,055 $1,604,362 291,672 $438,944 $16,348,803 8 $254, Oil, 257 17,472,204 $67,787,037 2,212,972 $4,848,789 914,494 $1,926,894 3,377,972 $14,679,719 2,402,960 $1,637,187 14,111,878 $5,811,682 610, 588 $765,989 710,108 $640,529 363,780 $456,697 $9,212,693 s $196, 911, 667 11,572,783 $45,318,416 1,951,201 $4,310,061 466, 161 $1,623,473 3,236,744 $14,662,425 2 49, 811 2 $187, 159 9, 018, 295 $3,057,989 443, 155 $409, 867 138, 389 $137,097 130,930 $108,841 $6,155,860 $133,288,072 9, 760, 770 $40,721,877 1,560,291 $3,406,059 6,056 $10,380 2,338,464 $10,539,632 1, 735, 179 $1,008,947 6,664,069 $1,996,233 239,461 $167,770 104,810 $107,365 108,388 $134,986 $4,313,416 $107, 266, 268 216,033,696 $137, 719, 664 142,713,359 $96,689,801 59,304,041 $38,819,874 4,628,453 $2,637,231 78, 880, 865 $66,232,696 73,320,337 $41,029,763 39,569,303 $21,843,065 310, 731 $203,848 33,450,303 $18,982,860 16,318,135 $8,570,022 9,114,992 $10,136,842 477, 699 $840, 126 $38, 201, 293 $1,328,933 185,707,316 $107,881,146 114,876,641 $74,471,291 19,693,393 $11,353,242 « 95, 183, 248 •$63,118,049 70,830,676 $33,409,865 40,044,433 $16,728,195 4 30,786,242 « $17, 681, 660 10,093,583 $4,767,990 2,769,411 $2,104,768 226,717 $382,820 $32,744,873 $1,350,860 124,871,215 $66,917,762 97,870,717 $66,944,988 21,334,684 $9,276,445 76,536,133 $46,668,543 27,000,498 $10,972,774 15,603,353 $4,399,654 11,397,145 $6,673,120 7,262,315 $3,161,206 2,547,367 $1,340,815 1,766,210 $1,669,982 $21,890,604 $745,489 87,636,883 $52,152,816 68,437,218 $42,573,279 7,331,501 $3, 342, 167 61, 106, 712 $39,231,112 19,199,665 $9,579,537 8,558,884 $2,868,506 10,640,781 $6,711,031 5, 122, 249 $2,479,903 3, 848, 684 $2,480,068 1,333,119 $1,009,835 $18, 467, 179 $803, 104 See footnotes on p. 70. 70 CEWSUS OF MANXJFACTUEES : 1914. TaOle 44— Continued. SILK GOODS. 1914 1904 1899 PKODTJCTS — continued. Embroideries, value Fringes and gimps, value Braids and bindmgs, value Tailors' trimmings, value Military trimmings, value Mactune twist: Pounds Value •- Sewing and embroidery silks: P ounds Value Fringe and floss silks: Pounds Value Organzine, for sale: Pounds Value Tram, for sale: Pounds Value Spun silk, for sale: Pounds Value All other products, value Received for contract work Work done by throwsters {materialsfurnished by others). Thrown into organzine, potmds Thrown into tram, pounds EQOTPMENT. Spindles: - Throwing — Windiag (raw silk only) Spinning and twisting Spun silk — Spuming Looms 40-lnch or under, reed space (including Jacquard looms) Over 40-lnch reed space (including Jac- Suard looms) vet (including Jacquard looms) Ribbon (including Jacquard looms) .. . Jacquard machines $33, 600 $1, 025, 188 $3,073,648 S210, 741 $431, 422 659,540 $4, 036, 807 744,708 $5,046,452 157, 791 $598,364 1,492,999 $6,325,291 2,577,402 $9,698,637 1,607,416 84,577,068 = $13,757,77? ' $8, 400, 607 7,088,229 6,781,010 677, 960 2,023,491 107,251 85,058 26,431 $485,322 $824, 527 $4,483,248 $41,040 $346, 963 1,088,780 $6,341,719 660, 607 $3,778,306 86, 739 $401,049 1,077,931 $5,330,628 1,662,388 $7,219,982 779,462 $2,104,066 « $7, 958, 120 $8,364,350 6,114,209 6,638,793 637,665 1,647,415 130, 547 75,406 28,426 44,549 2,524 11, 554 6,826 35,214 1,196 10,570 8,985 $112,362 $1,016,964 $3,493,977 $700 $170, 231 932,998 $5,521,055 606,357 $3,927,964 205,354 $697,062 2,025,645 $9,190,650 570,529 $1,660,647 « $8, 164, 566 $3,716,056 3,635,384 3, 466, 467 624,686 1,394,020 60,058 60,449 9,609 $57,625 $444,787 $1,522,565 $26,624 $54,666 987,917 $5,997,974 477,658 $3,276,826 261,643 $971,390 2,468,387 $11,167,191 437,459 $1,026,227 = $2,980,258 $2,337,220 2,331,456 1,967,203 442,410 1,213,493 44,430 7,441 'plain and fancies" and " Jacquards" are combined tor 1909, 1904, and 1 Does not Include 3,039,643 pounds of raw and thrown silk, at a cost of $12,126,467; spun silk, 411,287 pounds, at a cost of $1,507,282; and artiflcial silk, 1,267,243 pounds, costing $2,337,949, used In the manu- iaoture of hosiery and kmt goods in 1914. 2 Does not include waste, noils, etc. 3 In addition^ similar classes of silk goods, to the value of $1,776,660 in 1914 and $1,218,101 in 1909, were made in estabhshments engaged primarily In the manufacture of other products. * For comparison, the figures for "nlain and fn.Tinifiie 61 Value of products. Value of products. Total 8897,770,692 Hosiery and knit goods: $98,098,590 67,523,051 501, 760, 458 53,822,123 43,632,693 21,614,109 34,079,980 2,082,406 Leather Combination suits 35, 596, 034 Bathing suits 2,033,889 313, 952 Gloves and mittens 10,519,613 3,456,326 Hats and caps: Fnr-fftlt Cardigan jackets and sweaters. Shawls .. 20,195,002 713, 545 All other fancy knit i 3,196,979 Wool-felt 1 Includes neckwear, skirts, wristers, etc. 88 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. In accepting statistics for the branches of men's and women's clothing given in Table 29 it must be understood that the segregation of the classes is made on the basis of the product of chief value and that there is a great deal of overlapping in the totals. An important feature of this industry is that many establishments manufacture clothing on a contract basis from materials furnished by others. Many of these estab- lishments are small and often much of the work is done by the, contractor and his family. Other establishments working under contract, however, are of considerable size, employing large numbers of wage earners. In order to bring out the extent to which this practice obtains, a segregation has been made in Table 62, for 1914 and 1909, of those establishments which manufactured clothing from theirown materials and those which worked exclusively on materials furnished by others — ^in many cases by establishments of the class first mentioned. Tatole 62 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Clothing, men's: 1914 4,830 5,684 173,747 191,183 $224,050 230,703 $86,828 89, 046 $230,032 262,523 $468,211 486,677 $228, 179 1909... 233,154 Regular factories — 1914 2,331 2,367 2,499 3,217 5,564 4,558 123,939 126,196 49,808 64,987 168,907 163,743 218,024 223,343 6,026 7,360 153,549 129,301 63,495 56,361 23,333 33,284 92,574 78,568 228,117 249,691 1,915 2,832 252,345 208,788 426,087 439,860 33, 124 45,817 473,888 384,752 196,970 190,169 31,209 42,985 221,643 175,964 1909... Contract shops — 1914 1909... Clothing, women's; 1914... 1909 . Regular factories — 1914... . . 4,470 3,709 1,094 849 161,950 139,721 16,957 14,022 150,929 127,636 2,620 1,665 86,869 71, 678 6,705 6,990 261,330 207,891 1,015 897 462,006 374,333 11,883 10,419 210,675 1909 166,442 Contract shops— 1914 10,868 1909.. . 9,522 The decrease in manufacture of men's clothing and the increase in that of women's clothing are due, in part, to the fact that some establishments in 1909 engaged in the manufacture of women's and of children's clothing did not give a proper description of their products, and their reports were classified as "clothing, men's." It is due, also, to the large increase in the manufacture of children's clothing, which in 1914 was included with "clothing, women's," and to the large increase in the manufac- ture of women's ready-made clothing. Clothing, men's. — Under this designation are included establishments engaged chiefly in the manufacture of men's and youths' and of boys' clothing, such as over- coats, suits, coats, trousers, raincoats, and smoking and other jackets and "all other" outer garments, such as overalls, market frocks, butchers' aprons, uniforms, bathing suits, knee pants, gymnasium and sporting clothes, etc. Establishments making parts of clothing, such as shoulder pads, pockets, coat fronts, and padding, are also included. There is therefore some duplication in the value of products for the indus- try as a, whole. The census returns for this industry, like those for other clothing industries, relate only to establishments manufacturing for the wholesale trade. Custom-tailor shops, whether large or small, were not included. General statistics for the industry from 1849 to 1914 are given in Table 223. In 1914, in addition to the data for regular factories and contract shops, the estab- lishments were classified within each group as "men's and youths' " "boys' " and "all other" according to the product of chief value, and statistics for these subdivisions are given in Table 29. Men's and youths' clothing to the value of 12,473,019 was reported by makers of boys' clothing, and boys' clothing to the value of $4,940,689 and other clothing to the value of $38,084 were reported by manufacturers of men's and youths' clothing. Men's and youths' clothing to the value of $4,709,176, boys' clothing to the value of $205,304, and other clothing to the value of $66,361 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries. Clothing, men's, buttonholes.— Closely alhed to the industry classified as "cloth- ing, men's, " is " clothing, men's, buttonholes, " covering establishments which make TEXTILRS AND THEIR PEODTJCTS. 89 buttonholes in men's clothing owned by others. The value of products represents the amount received for work done. Inasmuch as buttonholes are usually made in establishments which manufacture the clothing, only a comparatively small portion of the total value of such work is shown under this heading. The statistics were first shown separately at the census of 1889, and comparative figures for the census 3'ears from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. Shirts.— This classification includes the manufacture of all kinds of shirts for men and boys, except those made in knitting mills, and also the manufacture of linen underwear. The making of shirt bosoms and other parts is included, together with stitching done under contract on materials owned by others. The classification does not fully cover the manufacture of this class of goods, as shirts to the value of 14,976,189 in 1914 and of $6,801,460 in 1909 were reported by establishments whose chief product was men's clothing; and shirts to the value of 13,977,340 in 1914 and of $4,940,464 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "col- lars and cuffs, men's " and " furnishing goods, men's. " Table 223 shows the statistics for the manufacture of shirts from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. Furnishing goods, men's.— Under this heading are included the manufacture of men's neckwear, belts, handkerchiefs, cloth gloves and mittens, cloth underwear, bath robes, pajamas^ athletic underwear, etc. Prior to 1904 statistics for collars and cuffs were included m furnishing goods. The manufacture of suspenders, garters, and similar articles were also to a considerable extent included prior to 1909, when they were shown as a subclaasification for this industry, and in 1914 as a separate industry. Therefore, Table 223 gives" comparative data for 1909 and 1914 only, but the following table gives the data for the combined industries — "collars and cuffs, men's," "fur- nishing goods, men's," and "suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods" — for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. Tatole 63 CENSUS TEAK. FURNISHING GOODS, MEN'S.l Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number) Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value- added by man- ufacture. Expressed in thousands. 1914.. 1909.. 1904 2 1899.. 1889.. 1879.. 802 900 647 457 686 161 42,205 38, 482 27,185 30,322 20,778 11, 174 17, 300 12, 116 6,421 3,562 1,082 859,257 817,186 853,350 895,417 49,009 16,093 49,126 87, 710 28,044 8,760 26,565 49,032 20,676 9,730 23,670 44,346 12,299 6,078 15,281 29, 871 3,725 2,644 6,503 11,607 342,067 38,585 22, 467 20,676 14,590 5,004 ■ Including industries classified in Table 29 as "collars and cuffs, men's, " and "suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods." 2 Adding the statistics of establishments manufacturing elastic goods, webbing, garters, and suspenders, classified under "rubber and elastic goods," the following totals for 1904 are obtained: Number of estab- lishments, 699; wage earners (average number), 32,299; wages, 810,692,781; cost of materials, $31,436,430; value of products, 167,618,735; value added by manufacture, 826,183,305. " Figures not available. In addition to the product given in 1914 in Table 223, men's furnishing goods to the value of $6,204,405 were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufac- ture of other products, principally by those classed "shirts," "mjllinery and lace goods,"' "clothing, men's," and "suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods." Collars and cuflPs, men's. — ^This classification was first shown as a separate industry in 1904. In 1899, while there was no separate classification, the returns being included with "shirts" and "furnishing goods, men's," the schedules were withdrawn from these classifications, in order to show these data in a special report. Table 223, there- fore, contains comparative statistics for 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914. These statistics should not be accepted as representing the entire production, however, as collars and cuffs to the value of $1,892,284 were reported in 1914 by 18 establishments manufactur- ing principally shirts, although one establishment manufacturing men's clothing and another manufacturing men's furnishing goods are included in this number. Suspenders, garters, -and elastic woven goods.— This industry includes those establishments engaged in the manufacture of suspenders, garters, and the elastic web- bing from which these articles are made. For censuses prior to 1909 establishments making elastic woven goods were included in part under men's furnishings, in part 90 CENSUS OF MAlSrUFACTUEES : 1914. under millinery and lace gooda, and in part under rubber and elastic goods (now "rub- ber goods, not elsewhere specified"). Table 223 presents statistics for the censuses of 1909 and 1914. In addition to the products covered by the table, suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods to the value of 1694,035 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally men's ftirnishing goods, stamped ware, and men's and women's clothing. Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. — This classification first appeared in 1904 and represents part of a classification which in 1899 included straw hats and in previous years fur-felt hats also. The industry includes the manufacture of all kinds of hats and caps from cloth, of leather hats and caps, and of men's silk and opera hats. Some fur hats are reported, but such hats are made chiefly by establishments in the fur-goods industry. The statistics for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, establishments assigned to other industries, principally fur goods, straw hats, fur-felt hats, hosiery and knit goods, and men's clothing, reported "hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool," to the value of 11,173,240 in 1914 and to the value of $804,008 in 1909. Clothing, women's. — The manufacture for the wholesale trade of a great variety of clothing for women, girls, and children is covered by this classification, which in- cludes the manufacture not only of complete suits, but also of dresses, skirts, petti- coats, kimonos, dressing sacques, wrappers, jackets, cloaks, capes, underwear, infants' and children's clothing, shirt waists, linings, corset stays, bathing suits, belts, dress shields, and similar articles. In order to show the extent to which clothing is manufactured in establishments engaged exclusively in contract work, Table 62 shows for 1914 and 1909 those estab- lishments which manufacture clothing from their own materials and those which work exclusively on materials furnished by others. In 1914 a fiu-ther segregation of these two groups has been made, showing those factories that make, as their product of chief value, "suits, skirts, and cloaks;" "shirtwaists and dresses, except house dresses;" "undergarments and petticoats;" "wrappers and house dresses, kimonos, negligees, dressing sacques;" and "all other," wHch includes infant's and childrens' wearing apparel, aprons, bathing caps and suits, gymnasium suits, dress shields, etc. Many establishments reported products .covered by two or more of these classes, but the reports were classified according to the product of chief value. The fact that there is considerable overlapping in value should be considered in accepting the figures for the separate classes. The general statistics for the industry as a whole for the censuses of 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The increases shown have been phenomenally large at each succeeding census, largely due to a gradual transfer of such work from the homes and the custom dressmaking establishments to the factories. Suits, skirts, and cloaks to the value of 11,686,382 were reported by the'other sub- groups, and to the value of $1,645,447 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally men's clothing. Waists and dresses, except house dresses, to the value of $1,871,668 were reported by other subgroups of this industry, and to the value of $925,373 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally men's clothing. Undergarments and petticoats to the value of $1,659,733 were reported by other subgroups of the industry, and to the value of $1,737,725 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally men's clothing, hosiery and knit goods, men's furnishing goods, and soap. Knit underwear is covered bv the hosiery and knit goods industry. (See Table 41.) Wrappers and house dresses to the value of $604,045 were reported by the subgroups, and to the value of $173,099 by establishments assigned to other classifications, prin- cipally men's clothing and cotton goods. All other clothing to the value of $1,381,109 was reported by other groups of this industry, and to the value of $2,785,764 by establishments manufacturing as their productof chief value, men's clothing, shirts, leather goods, etc. Corsets.— The estabhshments included under this classification manufacture corsets, corset waists, brassieres, stays, and similar articles. Table 223 gives the sta- tistics for the industry from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. In 1914, in addition to the product covered by the table, five establishments engaged principally in making women's clothing reported corsets to the value of $114,959, as compared with two establishments in 1909, for which the Value can not be given v,-ithout disclosing the operations of individual establishments. MiUinery and lace goods.— Establishments covered by this classification make a wide variety of articles for wholesale trade, including (1) embroideries; (2) hat and bonnet frames and made hats, trimmed and untrimmed, for women and girls; (3) TEXTILES AND THEIE PRODUCTS. 91 dress, cloak, and millinery trimmings, braids, and fringes; (4) ladies' collars and neckwear; and (5)lace work, plaitings, ruchings, and veilings; crocheted goods; hand- ^r^^w^'''^''^."'''^^'\^''•^'?;^?5 ^'^'^^' ''^^ children's belts, other than leather; and handkerchiefs. Custom millmery shops were not included. The machine pro- duction ot cotton laces and lace curtains is shown as a separate classification in 1914 and prior to that was included with the cotton goods industry rather than with the nullmery and lace goods industry. The production of untrimmed hats for women 18 in pajt covered by other classifications— "hats, wool-felt," "hats, fur-felt " and Table 29 presents statistics for the five groups, the establishments being assigned according to the product of chief value. Table 223 gives comparative statistics for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. 'MilUnery and lace goods to the value of $6,942,639 were reported in 1914 and to the value of 14,991,448 in 1909 by establishments assigned to other industries. AWNINGS, TENTS, AND SAILS. The statistics for factories making all kinds of awnings, canopies, tents, sails truck covers, and waterproof and furniture coverings are included under this classification Establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products princi- pally sporting and athletic goods; bags, other than paper; flags and banners; window shades and fixtures; horse clothing; saddlery and harness, etc., reported as a sub- mdiary product awnings, tents, and sails to the value of $1,015,640 in 1914 and to the value of $641,959 in 1909. Table 223 contains statistics for the industry for each census from 1859 to 1914, inclusive. BAGS, OTHER THAN PAPER. All kinds of bags made from textile fabrics are included under this classification except thosemanufactured in establishments which produce the cloth as well as make the bags, or in establishments which use the bags as containers for products — such as flour, cement, or tobacco — ^which they manufacture as their principal business. Leather and paper bags are not included, unless manufactured as a subsidiary product by establishments making cloth bags. In 1914 bags and bagging to the value of $9,705,616 were reported by cotton mills, and to the value of $6,440,594 by manufacturers of jute goods, while other industries, principally those classed as "awnings, tents, and sails," reported bags as a subsidiary product to the value of $80,523. In 1909 bags to the value of $1,230,359 were reported by other establishments. At the census of 1859, under "bags," 19 establishments were reported, having wage earners numbering 112, with wages amounting to .$43,968, materials costing $607,785, and a value of products amounting to $749,578. While there were also establishments reported under "paper bags," thus showing that the above-named classification was for "bags, other than paper," the figures do not appear to be comparable, and are omitted from Table 223, which presents statistics for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. BELTING AND HOSE. The total production of belting and hose for 1914 is shown in the following statement, which gives separate statistics for the three industries of the group: Table 64 Number of establiahjnents Persons engaged Proprietors and firm members Salaried employees Wage earners (average iiimiber) Primary horsepower Capital Salaries and wages Salaries Wages Paid for contract work.^ Rent and taxes Cost of materials Value of products Value added by manufacture (value of products less cost of materials) . ; BELTING AND hose: 1914. Belting and Belting and Belting, hose, woven. hose, rubber. leather. 200 31 18 151 11,657 1,189 6,205 4,263 103 2,536 17 220 86 1,090 1,226 9,018 952 5,115 2,951 33, 162 2,756 22, 995 7,411 $47,423,614 $4, 848, 170 $22,436,923 120,138,522 9,223,207 798,404 4,595,615 3,829,188 3,791,906 338,841 1,693,422 1,759,643 5,431,301 459, 563 2,902,193 2,069,545 61,508 2,686 1,200 67,722 567,993 63,802 164, 958 339,233 31,315,915 2, 868. 801 12,967,004 15,480,110 51,037,615 4,440,775 23,560,889 23,035,951 19,721,700 1,571,974 10,593,885 7,555,841 92 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTXJEES : 1914. Belting and hose, woven. — Establishments in this industry manufacture princi- pally cotton' and stitched canvas belting, -woven camers-hair belting, solid woven waterproofed belting, endless belts of seine twine, pulley covering of glue and canvas, and cotton and linen fire hose. The classification was 'belting and hose, linen," until the census of 1909 . Comparative statistics for the industry are given in Table 223. The woven hose has almost entirely replaced the leather hose, and this accounts for the large increase from 1899 to 1904. Some establishments assigned to the textile industries weave the fabric and stitch the belting or hose. This product was also reported by some establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of rubber and leather belting and hose and by one in connection with the manufacture of awn- ings, tents, and sails. The total value of the belting and hose product manufactured by establishments assigned to other industries in 1914 amounted to $1,289,305. As a rule, the establishments that make a specialty of belting do not manufacture hose. Table 29 gives separate statistics for the two branches of the industry for 1914. As far as can be identified, the only overlapping in this separation was due to the manufacture of woven hose to the value of approximately 117,000 in the establish- ments assigned to the manufacture of belting. CLOTHnSTG, EOKSE. Factories manufacturing fly nets, horse blankets, pads, boots, and halters, auto- mobile and carriage robes, etc., are included in this classification. These establish- ments, however, do not weave the textiles — cotton, jute, linen, and woolen — nor make the felt used for blankets and robes. The statistics for this industry from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are shown in Table 223. In 1914, the woolen and worsted mills wove 11,473,349 square yards of horse blankets, valued at $3,075,393, and 1,680,399 square yards of carriage robes, valued at $1,249,534, and horse clothing to the value of $660,207 was made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of bags, other than paper; awnings, tents, and sails; saddlery and harness; and other products. In 1909 wool manufacturers reported 4,457,493 square yards of horse blankets valued at $1,862,372, and 2,889,444 square yards of carriage robes, valued at $1,396,595; and horse clothing to the value of $580,794 was made by establishments assigned to other industries. FLAGS AND BANNERS. The statistics for this classification cover the establishments engaged in the manu- facture of flags, banners, pennants, bunting, etc., whether of silk, cotton, felt, leather, or other material. In 1909 this classification and that of "regalia and society badges and emblems" were shown as one industry, as the products are closely allied. The statistics shown in Table 223 cover the manufacture of flags and banners from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. There were no statistics shown for 1869, but at the census of 1859 there were nine establishments, with 77 wage earners, to whom $26,088 were paid in wages. The materials cost $34,330, and the value of products was $90,600. In 1914, flags and banners to the value of $184,984 were reported by establishments engaged in the manufacture of awnings, tents, and sails. Stationery goods, silk goods, printing and publishing, and other industries also reported the production of these commodities to the value of $273,253. REGALIA AND SOCIETT BADGES AND EMBLEMS. This classification includes the establishments whose products of chief value were regalia and society badges and emblems, such as silk and metal badges, celluloid and metal buttons, ribbon badges, emblems, army and navy goods, campaign buttons and badges, medals, pins, etc. There is some overlapping between this industry and various others. In 1914, establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of advertising signs and novel- ties, in printing and publishing, in the manufacture of clothing, of cutlery and edge tools, of jewelry, and of other goods, reported regalia and society badges and em- blems to the value of $417,909. HAMMOCKS. This classification embraces the manufacture of hammocks of all descriptions, and of porch and lawn swings, couch hammocks, etc., whether made from textile fabrics produced in other industries or woven or knitted directly from the yarn. The census of 1879 was the first for which statistics were presented separately. Hammocks to the value of $417,796 were also made in 3914 by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of horse clothing; mattresses and spring beds; awnings, tents, and sails; and other industries; and in 1909 to the value of $672,817. TEXTILES AND THEIR PBODUCTS. 93 IJTETS AND SEINES. The statistics which appear in Table 223 cover the manufacture of fish netting, seines, and crab scrape bags. The establishments usually buy the twine, thread, or rope which they use as materials, and for this reason were included in 1909 with ' ' cordage and twine " as a subclassiiication of that industry. Table 223 gives separate statistics for the industry from 1859 to 1914, inclusive. Hammocks to the value of $21,476 in 1914 were reported as a subsidiary product of nets and seines. trPHOLSTERING MATERIALS. This classification includes the manufacture of artificial leather, curled hair, excel- sior, drapery burlaps, upholstery buttons, and similar articles. Some of the products do not belong, strictly speaking, in the group of textiles; the only reason for including them is that they are used in connection with other products that are properly included. The establishments which primarily manufacture upholstering materials may be separated into four classes: Those engaged in the manufacture of artificial leather and leatheroid; of excelsior; of curled hair; and of other materials, such as ginned moss, furniture pads, flax tow, trimmings, tufts, stuffing and felting hair, husks, etc. The statistics for each class are shown separately in the following table for 1914 and 1909: TalDle 65 UPHOLSTEEING MATEKIALS. ESTABLISHMENTS MANUFACTUEING PBIMAEILT— Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by man- ufac- ture. Expressed in thousands. Total, 1914 1.79 230 4,426 4,067 $15,879 10, 297 $2,144 1,689 $10,796 8,068 $16,492 13,054 $5,696 4 986 1909 Imitation leather and leatheroid : 1914 . 10 12 99 109 19 29 51 80 795 443 1,177 1,003 1,212 1,372 1,242 1,249 6,020 2,284 2,980 2,069 2,930 3,929 3,949 2,015 485 217 558 397 524 570 577 506 4,108 2,033 1,403 816 2,471 3,498 2,814 1,721 6,097 3,129 2,516 1,665 3,658 5,130 4,221 3,130 1,989 1,096 1,113 1909 Excelsior: 1914 1909 849 Curled hair: 1914 1,187 1909 1,632 All other products: 1914 1,407 1909 1,409 The following statement gives the combined statistics for upholstering materials and haircloth for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive: Tatole 66 UPHOLSTERING MATERIALS, INCLUDING HAIRCLOTH. CENSUS YEAR. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by man- ufac- ture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 . . . 198 244 236 270 152 79 52 5,021 4,605 4,712 6,098 3,231 1,477 819 20,476 18,451 15,604 11,351 3,786 ?^16 $18, 823 12,578 9,293 7,594 4,428 1,690 2,564 $2,434 1,941 1,867 1,715 1,221 523 315 $12,450 9,682 7,977 5,882 3,013 1,023 1,384 $18,887 15,284 12,678 10,048 5,733 1,838 2,012 $6,437 1909 5,602 1904 4,701 1899 4,166 1889 2,720 1879 815 1869 628 1 Figures not available. 94 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. The manufacture of artificial leather is closely allied to the oilcloth industry, and although it is used to some extent in bookbinding, the upholstering trade consumes the bulk of the output. Eeports for the manufacture of this product are therefore included with those for the industry designated "upholstering materials" in all general statistics. In 1914 artificial leather and leatheroid was reported as produced in connection with the manufacture of rubber goods and of children's carriages and sleds to the value of $94,524. No complete separate figures were given for upholstering materials at the censuses of 1859 and 1849. At the census of 1859 seven establishments were included under "curled hair," which is an upholstering material. There were 45 wage earners receiving $12,744 in wages. The cost of materials was $78,738 and the value of products $106,869. At the census of 1849 six establishments were shown under "curled hair." The wage earners numbered 247, the wages amounted to $48,216, and the value of products was $279,800. Excelsior to the value of $59,247 was reported in 1914 by the manufacturers of lumber; baskets, and rattan and willow ware; wood, turned and carved; wooden packing boxes; mattresses and spring beds; and other industries. One manufac- turer of glue and one of haircloth reported curled hair as a subsidiary product. The industries classified as "mattresses and spring beds," "boot and shoe findings," "buttons," and other industries reported all other upholstering materials to the value of $403,926. In 1909 establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of glue, house-furnish- ning goods, not elsewhere specified, mattresses and spring beds, and other products, reported upholstering materials as subsidiary product to the value of $916,586. Sev- eral industries reported for 1914 and 1909, among their principal products, various kinds of materials used in upholstering, these being specifically requested by the Census Bureau. Cotton mills reported "tapestries" to the value of $5,411,592 in 1914 and of $4,723,907 in 1909. (See Table 36.) Tanners, curriers, and finishers of leather reported carriage, automobile, and furni- ture leather to the value of $14,328,358. (See Table 89.) It is probable that the greater part of this was used for upholstering purposes. Silk mills reported "upholstery and tapestries" to the value of $840,126 in 1914 and of $382,820 in 1909. (See Table 44.) Woolen and worsted mills reported "upholstering goods and sundries" to the value of $2,042,029 in 1914 and of $1,986,330 in 1909. (See Table 49.) Establishments maniifacturing carpets and rugs, other than rag, also reported upholstering goods to the value of $1,033,784 in 1914 and to the value of $1,676,399 in 1909. Doubtless, products used for upholstering are included in the value of products of establishments classed under "buttons." Among the by-products of slaughtering and meat-packing establishments are curled cattle-tail hair and hog hair sold to be used in upholstering. WASTE. The establishments included under this classification clean and otherwise prepare factory waste — principally cotton and carpet-wool waste — for use in wiping macldnery, packing car-wheel journals and the journals of heavy machines, and for mop yarns. At censuses prior to 1909 the industry waa designated as "cotton waste," In 1914 a subclassification was made, showing ''cotton waste " and "all other wastes '' separately, each establishment being assigned according to its product of chief value. The statistics for these subclassifications are given in Table 29. The cotton waste reported as sold by cotton mills exceeded that purchased by such mills by approxi- mately 260,000,000 pounds in quantity and $10,879,298 in value. The waste reported as the product of carpet and rug factories amounted to 2,945,561 pounds, valued at $149,559. Hosieryandknittingmillsreportedl2,999,218poundsof cotton waatevalued at $628,944. OAEUM. Oakum is made by untwisting and picking into loose fiber old hemp ropes and gunny bagging, the product being used for calking seams and joints, especially those of vessels. The statistics for 1889 to 1914 are shown in Table 223 In 1849 five estab- hshments were reported as making oakum, with a product of $25,000 In 1859 fourteen establishments, with a product of $348,401, reported oakum, but the industry was not again shown separately until 1889. IRON AKD STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 95 IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. THE GROUP AS A WHOLE. TMs group is intended to cover the manufacture of crude iron and steel and its conversion into finished products. Some of the finished products included, such as rails, plates, pipe, and wire, are of a relatively simple character. Others are highly- elaborated products, for which the mere cost of the iron and steel as such is but a small proportion of the total cost. Many of these highly elaborated products may be roughly grouped under the terms "machinery" and "tools." From the standpoint of the method of manufacture, most of them may be considered as the product, in whole or in part, of foundries and machine shops. The "foundry and machine-shop " industry, according to the census classification, however, by no means covers all establishments which are foundries or machine shops. In cases where a considerable number of establishments ma,ke exclusively or chiefly some specific class of machinery or tools, or other articles of iron or steel, such establishments have been put in a special industry group. There are a number of industries not classified by the Census Bureau under the group "iron and steel and their products," which nevertheless use iron and steel very largely as materials, and in which a considerable part of the process of manufacture consists of what would ordinarily be termed foundry and machine-shop work. These industries, however, use other materials extensively, in addition to iron and steel, and part of their processes of manufacture do not fall under the general designation of foundry and machine-shop work. Among such industries not included in the group "iron and steel and their products" may be mentioned the following: "Automobiles," included in the group vehicles for land transportation;" "cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies," and "cars and general shop construction and repairs by electric-railroad companies," which together constitute the group "railroad repair shops;" "agricultural implements," "electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies," "enamehng," "japanning," "instruments, professional and scientific," "shipbuilding, irpn and steel," and "windmills," all of which are included in the group "miscellaneous industries." Table 67 lists the industries included by the Census Bureau in the group "iron and steel and their products," and shows for each the number of establishments, average number of wage earners, capital, amount of wages paid, cost of materials used, value of products, and value added by manufacture, as reported at the census of 1914. The in- dustries are divided into two subgroups: (1) industries making crude iron and steel and rolled products; and (2) industries making other iron and steel manufactures, chiefly products ready for direct consumption, including machines and tools of various classes. The industries of the second subgroup use largely materials produced by those of the first subgroup, so that in the total value of products for the group as a whole there is extensive duplication. In fact, considerable duplication appears within some of the individual industries. At the censuses of 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 each establishment which rolled iron and steel was classed as an entirety under the heading "iron and steel, steel works and roll- ing mills," except that blast-furnace departments and tin-plate orterneplate depart- ments of such mills were uniformly segregated and treated as separate establishments. Establishments operating rolling mills in many cases manufacture large quantities of more advanced products in which rolled iron and steel are the principal materials, such as bolts, rivets, pipe, nails, and wire. In the reports for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 the Census Bureau has classified under the several industries designated as those making "other iron and steel products" only establishments^ which have no rolling mills, but purchase the iron and steel, rolled or unrolled, which they use as material (an exception being made, aa already noted, in the case of the tin-plate and terne- plate industry). Consequently, the statistics given under certain of these designa- tions by no means indicate the full magnitude of the several branches of business; and, moreover, in certain cases changes from census to census in the relative extent to which the products in question are made by rolling-mill establishments and by nonrolUng establishments greatly affect the comparability of the statistics. 96 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Tatole 67 Aggregate i CRUDE IRON AND STEEL AND ROLLED PRODUCTS. Total Iron and steel: Blast furnaces Steel works and rolling mjlls OTHER IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTS. Total. Iron and steel, not made in steel works or rolling mills (products also largely made by rolling-mill establishments); Bolts_, nuts, wasbers, and rivets. Cast-iron pipe Boors and shutters Forgings Horseshoes , Nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails. Cut nails Wire nails All other,includiug tacks.... Springs, steel, car and carriage. . . Carriage and wagon Railway Automobile Machinery and other Structural ironwork Wrought pipe Cash registers and calculating ma- chines Adding machines Cash registers and parts All other Engines, steam, gas, and water . Firearms. Foundry and machine-shop products Boiler shops Foundries Machine shops ,[ Gas machines and gas and water me- ters Gas meters and water meters Gas machines Another '' Hardware Locks Hinges and other builders' hard- ware All other Hardware, saddlery Locomotives, not made by railroad companies Pens, steel ['" Plumbers' supplies, not elsewhere specified Pumps, steam and other power. ..... Steam pumps Other power '.'.'.['. Pumps, not including power pumps' Sales and vaults Safes V auits !!!!!!!!!!! Scales and balances Screws, machine '..'.'.'.'." Screws, wood '.'.['.'.'.'. Sewing machines and attachments." ' Sewing machines Attachments Steam fittings and steam and hot- water heating apparatus Radiators and cast-iron heating boilers . All other. . IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS: I9I4. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number) 160 427 102 59 43 191 22 64 7 13 44 84 21 6 38 19 ,235 36 52 18 18 16 446 29 10, 640 249 1,051 9,340 123 33 67 23 539 51 132 356 58 19 260 87 60 37 278, 072 29, 356 248, 716 782, 986 Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. 84,281,998 S723,161 $1,762,313 83,223,144 S1,460,S31 1.720,653 462, 282 1, 258, 371 2, 661, 345 10, 658 12, 557 1,985 10,689 688 2,644 482 245 1,917 3,703 614 663 1,866 760 47, 167 8,845 8,956 3,192 6,239 625 29, 667 7,064 362,471 9,960 66, 857 286, 654 4,972 3,746 731 496 41, 213 6,517 14, 622 20, 174 2,511 17,391 573 18, 479 6,188 4,943 1,245 2,134 2,972 2,107 865 4,467 3,643 4,446 14, 308 13, 774 534 26, 388 10, 341 16, 047 35, 602 26, 981 5,161 36, 320 2,437 7,883 2,146 1,095 4,642 11, 083 1,196 4,670 4,085 1,232 144, 092 39, 408 41, 075 17, 153 19, 744 4,178 131, 080 15, 611 1, 246, 043 45, 526 135, 097 1, 065, 420 17, 822 12, 270 2,489 3,063 92, 302 13, 961 36, 217 43, 124 6,353 86,413 871 48, 029 30, 666 25, 507 6,149 6,194 9,360 6,898 2,462 13, 895 9,762 10, 539 34, 467 33, 827 640 86,853 34, 657 61, 196 210,923 22, 781 188, 142 512, 238 5, 961 7,076 1,538 7,487 362 1,608 289 122 1,097 2,602 356 333 1,450 463 33, 429 5,760 6,110 2,394 3,325 391 21, 421 5,067 244, 146 6,260 43, 659 194, 227 3,310 2,434 601 376 22, 583 3,229 7,865 11,489 1,248 11,085 243 11, 703 4,164 3,381 783 1,391 1,860 1,366 494 2,934 2,310 1,961 8,861 8,602 259 16, 738 7,033 9,706 855, 406 254, 580 590, 826 See footnotes on p. 97. 12, 913 16, 930 1,996 14, 611 690 3,594 621 972 2,001 6,143 608 1,314 3,629 692 87, 622 26,296 3,992 1,061 2,736 196 31, 460 2,670 358, 122 14, 332 53, 795 289,996 6,118 4,619 791 808 29, 071 3,028 8,643 17, 400 1,790 23,546 117 18, 670 6,693 6,417 1,276 2,765 2,646 1,795 861 3,174 3,058 2,350 7,359 7,196 163 26, 921 9,601 17, 320 1, 236, 319 317, 654 918, 665 1, 986, 825 23, 403 26, 669 6,184 28, 961 1,786 7,199 1,736 1,336 4,128 11, 695 1,261 2,139 6,628 1,667 159, 378 37, 655 30, 520 13,061 16,926 1,633 72, 121 10, 644 866, 645 27, 140 126, 429 712, 976 15, 184 10, 758 2,091 2,335 73, 320 9,271 24,280 39, 769 4,040 43, 374 614 43, 386 17,864 14, 824 3,040 6,350 7,267 5,366 1,891 9,734 7,248 6,217 21, 392 20, 716 676 63, 922 23,477 40, 445 IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 97 Tat)le 67— Continued. IKDUSTKY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. IRON AND STEEL AND TSEIR PRODUCTS: 19U. Wage earners (average number) Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. . Expressed in thousands. $78, 524 S20, 777 J23, 802 $67,941 67,243 17,685 18,642 65, 108 10,844 3,002 4,791 12,081 437 90 369 762 16, 646 5,088 10, 163 21,449 26, 847 3,924 57, 907 68,343 35,666 9,076 8,186 25,541 9,134 2,083 1,889 5,606 4,992 811 1,074 4,912 8,340 1,574 2,367 4,806 2,663 1,060 623 2,393 5,881 2,045 1,035 4,085 2,075 592 336 1,294 2,581 921 862 2,445 11,327 2,135 1,696 5,608 15,860 3,020 4,714 12, 617 47, 618 10,217 12,235 33, 893 8,439 1,114 2,573 4,714 4,632 1,204 1,452 3,817 16,808 3,033 2,440 9,516 17,739 4,866 6,770 15,846 30,988 6,966 6,501 24,500 27,635 6,610 3,607 19, 851 3,353 456 1,894 4,649 1,054 457 969 2,061 64, 014 11,021 56,424 81,841 38,509 6,719 24,114 41,789 6,625 498 2,696 6,463 12,027 1,610 10,685 15, 132 19, 857 4,611 10,833 21, 194 OTHER IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTS — continued. Stoves and hot-air furnaces Stoves and ranges Hot-air furnaces Tireless cookers Stoves, gas and oil Tin plate and terneplate Tools and cutlery: Cutlery and edge tools Table cutlery. Razors, plain and safety Axes and hatchets Scissors, shears, and clippers . Pocket knives Augei'S, bits, chisels, and planes All other Files Saws Tools, not elsewhere specified Shovels, spades, scoops, and hoes Carpenters' tools Machinists' tools Not specified Typewriters and supplies. . '. Typewriters Supplies 2 Vault lights and ventilators Wire (not including wire depart- ments of rolling mills) Wirework, including wire rope and cable (not including wire drawing mills) Wire rope and cable Woven-wire fencing All other, including barbed wire 438 286 141 11 -113 31 252 27 28 25 29 32 48 100 661 40 31 85 505 107 60 57 45 652 15 76 461 29, 635 25, 304 4,042 189 7,790 5,238 16, 561 3,832 1,620 2,822 1,926 3,894 982 1,486 4,349 4,660 16, 866 2,041 2,233 4,953 7,639 11,091 10, 303 788 601 17, 600 12, 126 866 2,598 $44, 139 36,466 7,290 383 11,296 10, 436 17, 355 3,717 3,838 2,439 1,770 3,050 968 1,683 4,013 7,803 21, 658 2,141 2,365 7,076 10, 076 18, 999 16, 244 2,755 1,092 26,417 17,676 2,867 4,447 10, 361 1 Exclusive of the statistics for establishments engaged in the manufacture of "ordnance and accesso- ries," which, in order to avoid disclosing the operations of individual establishments, is included in the total for "all other industries." 2 See stationery goods, not elsewhere specified (Miscellaneous industries). At the census of 1889 a different policy was pursued. An establishment operating a rolling mill, but using the rolled product in the manufacture of some more advanced commodity — wire or pipe, fqr example — was classified as a whole under the industry designated by the name of that commodity, provided, of course, it constituted the chief final product of the establishment. Consequently, the figures for 1889 for several of the individual industries, as shown in Table 223 (p. 568), are relatively much larger than they would have been under the method pursued at later censuses. For the same reason the statistics for the rolling-mill industry, as shown in the general tables published at that census, are by no means comparable with those for later censuses. At the census of 1889, however, special tables were also presented which showed the total business of all establishments having rolling mills, including those classified under more specific designations in the general tables. These combined totals for all rolling mills for 1889 are approximately comparable with those for later years, and have therefore been presented in Table 223. However, it would be an error to add the 1889 figures for rolling mills, as shown in that table, to the figures for the industries using rolled products as materials. At the census of 1879 the practice with reference to the classification of rolling mills making more advanced commodities from the rolled material appears to have been in the main similar to that pursued in 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914, thus rendering the figiures for the industries in question for that census incomparable with those for 1889, but roughly comparable with those for the later censuses. On the other hand, in 1869 the practice seems to have been in general similar to that in 1889. It is impossible, how- ever, to state definitely how far the data for 1869 are comparable with those for later 67031°— 17- 98 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTTJKES : 1914. IRON AND STEEL— BLAST TTJENACES. The establishments included under this classification manufacture, from the ore, all kinds of pig iron and ferroalloys, such as spiegeleisen, ferromanganese, ferrosiUcon, and castings made direct from the furnace. In many cases a single plant combines blast furnaces with steel works, but in all such cases the data were segregated so as to show the blast-furnace business separately. General statistics for the industry for the census years fiom 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The quantities and cost of the principal materials used by the blast furnaces and the quantities and values of the pig-iron and ferroalloy products manufactured, and statistics relating to eqiiipment, are shown in Table 68. The table gives the production for consumption in the works of the company pro- ducing as well as that made for sale, and classifies the product according to fuel used, according to grade of iron, and according to method of delivery or casting. It also shows the number and daily capacity of the active pig-iron blast furnaces classified by kind of fuel used, other data m regard to furnace equipment, and the number and rated capacity of gas engines using blast-furnace gas. The ton of ^,240 pounds is used in showing quantities except when otherwise stated. Table 68 BLAST FURNACES. 1914 1909 19041 1899 1 MATERIALS. $264,680,060 $320,637,889 $178,941,918 $131,603,655 Iron ore, total: Tons 43,326,817 $150,855,740 41,656,642 $141,276,713 1,770,175 $9,579,027 2,168,092 S6, 651, 055 11,499,685 $11,184,378 $85,436,530 26,883,082 $83,499,448 38,874 $168,377 60,337 $95, 630 29,083,978 $1,683,075 $10,452,357 $317,653,983 48,353,677 $187,264,601 46,605,930 $177,589,789 1,747,747 $9,674,812 1,982,530 $5,644,859 13,570,845 $12,239,493 $105,994,112 31,436,536 $102,134,423 265,401 $904, 102 115,173 $168,561 38,032,618 $2,787,026 $9,594,824 $391,429,283 30,032,862 $100,945,369 29,202,944 $96,206,246 829,918 $4,739,123 1,865,385 $3,830,961 8,325,209 $6,888,647 $62,802,660 19, 739, 671 $57,126,997 560,637 $1,812,779 801, 640 $1,340,997 37, 273, 669 $2,621,887 $4,474,281 $231,822,707 25,366,894 Cost . .... $65,902,922 Domestic — 24,612,511 Cost $61,795,473 Foreign- 754,383 Cost $4,107,449 Mill cinder, scale, scrap, slag, etc.: Tons 1,600,313 Cost $3,772,385 Fluxes: 7,324,743 Cjost $5,054,725 Fuel for smelting, total cost * $44,199,382 Coke- 16,461,633 Cost...... $38,976,770 Anthracite coal »— Tons 886,664 Cost $2,297,419 Bituminous coal * — Tons (net ton, 2,000 pounds) . 832, 235 Cost $1,101,312 Charcoal — Bushels Cost 30,677,585 $1,823,881 $12,574,241 $206,756,557 PE0DUCT3. Total value Pig iron, including spiegeleisen, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, other ferroalloys, and direct cast- ings: Tons 23,269,731 $312, 761, 617 15,495,004 $209,263,405 7,774,727 $103,498,212 $462,439 $2,341,123 $2,088,804 22,787,890 15,436,921 7,350,969 $304,356,130 6 118, 632 $2,704,134 26,651,798 $387,830,443 15,858,203 $239,387,017 9,793,595 $148,443,426 $306,946 $593, 309 $2,698,585 24,522,152 15,826,734 8,695,418 $368,131,822 86, 420 $1,552,814 16,623,625 $228,911,116 9,926,645 $138,867,586 6,697,080 $90,043,530 1 $2,911,591 14,909,029 $203,814,049 14 447 791 Value... $206,6121 755 For consumption in works of company pro- ducing — Tons Value W S For sale- Tons Value Slag, value Gas, blast-furnace gas to other departments. $243,802 All other products, value Pig iron classified according to fuel used: Coke- Tons For consumption For sale 12,253,818 $173,763,091 Bituminous coal and coke mixed- Value See footnotes on p. 100. IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 99 Tatole 68— Continued. BLAST FURNACES. 1909 19041 1899' PRODUCTS — continued. Pig iron classified according to fuel used — Con. Anthracite coal and coke mixed and anthra- cite coal alone — ■ Tons Value , Charcoal- Tons Value Pig iron classified by grades, tons; Bessemer (0.04 to 0.10 per cent in phos- phorus) '. For consumption For sale Low phosphorus (below 0.04 per cent) I or consumption For sale Basic For consumption For sale Forge or mill For consumption For sale Foraidry For consumption For sale Malleable For consumption For sale White and mottled and miscellaneous grades. For consumption For sale Castings made direct from blast furnace Ferroalloys For consumption For sale ■ Spiegeleisen ■ Ferromanganese Ferrosilicon, including Bessemer ferro- silicon (7 per cent and over in silicon). All other Pig iron classified by method of delivery or cast- ing, tons: Delivered in molten condition to steel works, etc 11. 936, 791 Sand cast i'Sl'??I Machine cast 8' 9S' ^Z Chill cast '??' E? Direct caatnigs 14,384 EQUIPMENT. Furnaces in active establishments: Completed furnaces at end of year (not in- cluding furnaces rebuilding)— Number 353 Furnaces of daily capacity- Less than 100 tons 37 100 to 199 tons o6 20O to 299 tons 5' 300 to 399 tons 59 400 to 499 tons 79 SOO tons and over 65 Daily capacityj total tons 109, 426 Furnaces— , _,„ Less than J.00 tons 1,712 100 to 199 tons 7,967 200-tO 299 tons 13,206 30O to 399 tons 19, 208 400 to 499 tons ,„'?2? 500 tons and over 32, 525 Active during the year— Number J°° Coke furnaces '■^^ Bituminous coal and coke mixed 4 Anthracite coal and coke mixed 4 Charcoal 24 Charcoal and coke mixed 1 Charcoal and electricity 1 See footnotes on p. 100. 87,919 81,256,663 8 275,290 04,444,690 7,577,792- 7,092,656 485, 136 305,738 38, 191 267,647 9,465,853 7,756,032 1,709,821 488, 172 332,997 156, 176 4,325,100 127, 270 4, 197, 830 730,910 5,192 725,718 32,202 10,589 21,613 14,384 329,580 120,397 209,183 81,583 104,437 122,367 1 21,193 / 670,991 510,962,150 372,235 $7,183,657 10,147,052 8,978,732 1,168,320 248, 720 4,279 244,441 7,741,759 5,999,384 1,742,375 586,685 74,777 611,908 6,639,410 424,918 6,114,492 934, 211 187, 418 746,793 110, 810 35,667 76, 143 16, 181 326,970 140, 557 186,413 142, 223 82, 208 102,539 12,197,686 7,656,668 6,096,797 686, 566 16, 181 57 82 77 81 62 29 101,447 3,006 11,769 17,838 26,568 26,841 15,425 370 312 6 25 28 1,306,094 818,103,982 409,602 86,993,086 8,894,684 1,841,857 $26,678,706 ' 362, 116 $6,070,959 8,475,530 192,795 2,553,940 601, 677 3,675,310 316,964 98, 627 9,469 280, 259 169,630 67,072 5,898,744 6,078,844 4,307,108 329,460 9,469 343 95 66 69 31 23 77,816 3,627 13,686 15,357 19,666 13,690 12,100 317 C») m 937,439 1,057,616 "s'sio'soo 208,323 7,123 251,460 163, 072 51,878 35,910 7,123 m 100 CENSUS OF MAWUFACTTJEES : 1914. Table 68— Continued. BLAST rUENACES. EQUIPMENT — continued. Furnaces in active establisliments — Continued., Active during tlie year— Continued. Aggregate daily capacity, tons Coke furnaces Bituminous coal and coke mixed Anthracite coal and coke mixed Charcoal -> Charcoal and coke mixed Charcoal and electric Completed since the prior census (1909) — Number Coke furnaces Charcoal Aggregate daily capacity, tons Coke furnaces Charcoal Eebuilding at end of year !<> — Number Daily capacity, tons In course of construction at end of year^ Number Daily capacity, tons Idle durmg the entire year (idle furnaces in active establishments) — Number Coke furnaces Anthracite and coke mixed Anthracite coal Charcoal Aggregate daily capacity, tons Coke furnaces Anthracite and coke mixed Anthracite coal Charcoal Abandoned or dismantled since the prior census (1909)— Number Coke furnaces Anthracite coal and coke mixed Bituminous coal and coke mixed Charcoal Aggregate daily capacity, tons Coke furnaces Anthracite coal and coke mixed Bituminous coal and coke mixed Charcoal Pig casting machines, number Heyl & Patterson Uehling Davis, Hartman, and special Granulated slag pits: Number Blast furnaces served, number Gas engines operated with blast-furnace gas: Number In blast-furnace departments In power and electric stations for all de- partments Horsepower 90, 172 87,844 725 272 1,300 14 16 30 29 1 11,902 11,897 5 2,660 2 850 70 62 3 1 4 20,004 19,547 270 75 112 12 8 1 2 1 1,865 1,565 70 170 60 112 68 49 5 144 73 98,973 94,499 395 2,745 1,334 '11 9 2 3,807 3,800 7 1,873 10 4,100 24 19 1 1 3 4,027 3,750 85 60 142 710 m 85 43 198,040 73,520 (») (?) 117 6,085 4 1,376 4,296 (0 m (= 1,035 (» m (') (=) (?) 1 Not including the statistics for a blast furnace operated by a penal institution. 2 The figures for 1904 and 1899 include fuel for steam raising. 3 Mgures not available. < Blast-furnace gas for fuel for steam and for gas engines: 1914. Total (thousand cubic feet) 1^ 392, 600, 000 Used in blast-fumace department 1 063 800 0()0 Consumed in rolling-mill or other department ' 338j 700] 000 5 Includes considerable quantities of spiegeleisen and ferromanganese. 6 Includes small quantities of pig iron made with charcoal and electricity. 7 Includes 52,992 tons of mixed charcoal and coke pig iron. 8 Included with Bessemer. "During the year. i» Eight coke furnaces, 1914; 7 coke and 1 anthracite and coke, 1909. 1909. 654,500,000 480,200,000 174,300,000 IHON AND STEEL AND THEIR PEODTJCTS. 101 The following table, from the report of the American Iron and Steel Institute, gives the statistics for all blast furnaces, including those in idle establishmente, on December 31, 1914, by states: Table G9 NUMBER. ANNUAL CAPACITY (GKOSS TONS). STATE. Total. Coke.i A-nthi-a- cite coal. 2 Char- coal. Total. Coke.i Anthrar oite coal.' Charcoal. COMPLETED FURNACES. United States 451 383 20 42 44,405,000 43,046,600 710,200 648,300 48 6 3 4 20 10 2 5 1 14 1 2 27 74 1 169 IS 3 22 1 4 8 5 44 6 4 3,660,000 730,000 15,000 129, 500 314,250 3,674,800 1,631,200 10,000 662,000 82,000 693,800 3,600 65,000 430, 300 2,938,000 8,828,000 16,000 17, 86", 000 781,650 76,000 1,018,000 24,000 408,000 457,000 860,000 3,680,000 730,000 80,000 3 2 1 15,000 2 6 20 10 96,000 311,250 3,674,800 1,631,200 33,600 3,000 Illinois 2 1 10,000 6,000 4 1 3 657,000 82,000 250,000 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 2 343,800 3,500 1 5 23 73 3' 45,000 430,000 2,810,000 8,825,000 20,000 300 123,000 6,000 Ohio 3,000 15,000 136 17 2 20 1 4 6 5 17 17,256,200 777,660 61,000 989, 000 ' 24,000 408,000 408, 400 860,000 587,200 14,600 4,000 15,000 29,000 2 48,600 BUILDING FURNACES. 2 2 1 2 2 1 326,000 360,000 175,000 325,000 360,000 175,000 1 Includes 7 furnaces (IlUnois, 2; Ohio, 3; and Pennslyvania, 2) which use hitaminous coal and coke mixed. "- Inoludes furnaces which use anthracite coal alone, and anthracite coal and coke mixed. The record for the maximum production per furnace for a day, a week, and a month, as reported at the census of 1909, stands unbroken, viz, the production of 918 tons of pig iron by the Edgar Thompson furnace "K," March 30, 1905; 5,315 tons by the Duquesne furnace No. 1 for a week in March, 1906; and 21,272 tons by the Edgar Thompson furnace "K" in March, 1905. The maximum production since 1909 was made for a day by furnace No. 1 of the Illinois Steel Co., April 13, 1910, 785 tons; for a week by furnace No, 1 of the Pittsburg Steel Co. in December, 1914, 5,005 tons; and for a month by the last-named furnace in December, 1914, 20,746 tons. The record for the longest run on a single lining is held by the Shoenberger furnace No. 2, from March, 1897, to August, 1906, 3,431 days. The furnace was banked 11 times and 69 days were lost in banking. The average daily output was 197 tons of pig iron, and the total production during the period 633,208 tons. The longest run ter- minating since the census of 1909 was made by one of the Eliza furnaces of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., from April 2, 1904, to January 4, 1913—3,172 days. The furnace was banked but once (for 26 days) during the period. The average daily output was 427 tons, and the total production during the period was 1,353,625 tons. The fore- going production of 1,353,625 tons is the largest made by a furnace on a single lining. Prior thereto the record was held by the Duquesne furnace No. 1, which produced 1,287,381 tons in a run of '2,689 days from 1896 to 1903. The following table presents the statistics in regard to durations of runs, classified according to time groups, and according to size of furnaces as indicated by height. The figures cover all furnaces reporting length of runs and the last three runs when the same were reported. 102 CENSUS OP MANXJFACrUEES : 1914. Table 70 DURATION or RUNS. Number of furnaces reporting length of runs . Number of runs (last 3 runs when reported) Average length, days Furnaces classified according to time groups: Less than 500 days — Number of runs Average length, days 600 to 1,000 days- Number o f runs Average length, days 1,000 to 1,500 days- Number of runs Average length, days 1,500 to 2,000 days- Number of runs Average length, days 2,000 to 2,500 days- Number of runs Average length, days, 2,500 days and over- Number of runs Average length, days Total. 287 664 837 201 300 260 728 123 1,215 52 1,712 19 2,206 2,882 FURNACES GROUPED ACCORDING TO HEIGHT. Less thanec feet. 7 16 415 11 216 4 627 1 1,764 60 to 6 feet. 27 59 728 23 255 22 704 9 1,227 1,756 1 2,025 1 3,284 70 to 79 feet. 61 152 738 54 310 67 709 17 1,230 1,690 3 2,124 2 2,760 80 to 89 103 234 782 77 306 95 738 41 1,197 2,214 2 2,981 90 feet and over. 203 1,041 36 325 72 718 56 1,222 24 1,726 11 2,2t2 4 2,793 1 In some cases only one or two completed runs. In 1914 the number of active pig-iron establishments was 48, or 23.1 per cent, less than the number reporting in 1909. The pig-iron production decreased m amount by 2,382,067 tons, or 9.3 per cent, and in value by $75,068,826, or 19.4 per cent. The year 1914 covered a period of marked depression. It was followed by a recovery in 1915, the production for that year being, as reported by the American Iron and Steel Institute, 29,916,213 tons, which production exceeds that of 1909 by 4,264,415 tons, or 16.6 per cent. The decrease in the amount of iron ore used in 1914 was, as compared with 1909, 5,026,860 tons, or 10.4 per cent, and in cost $36,408,861, or 19.4 per cent. Features in the development of the industry are the increase in the proportion of pig iron produced for consumption in other departments of the works of the producing company, viz, from 59.7 per cent of the total output in 1904j to 61.8 per cent in 1909, and to 66.6 per cent in 1914; and the increase in the proportion of the product passed on in a molten condition to undergo further processes without being cast into pigs, viz, from 35.5 per cent in 1904 to 47. 6 per cent in 1909, and to 51.3 per cent in 1914. mOIT AND STEEL— STEEL WOKKS AND ROLLIITG MILLS. This industry includes the conversion of iron into steel and the hot rolling of iron and steel. In general, the process of conversion and that of rolling are performed in the same plant, and in such cases the value of products includes only that of the final products as they leave the plant. There is, howeverj some duplication within the industry, due to the use of the products of one establishment — either crude steel or partly rolled steel— as materials by another. The principal finished rolled products of establishments included in this classification are bars and rods, wire rods, bars for reinforced concrete, plates and sheets, black plates for tinning, nail and tack plates, rails, hoops, bands, and cotton ties, structural shapes, and skelp. Direct steel castiogs are another product. This industry also overlaps several others, steel works and roll- ing mills often producing manufactures from rolled products, such as wire, wrought- welded pipe and tubes, bolts, nuts, rivets, forged spikes, washers, galvanized plates or sheets, horse and mule shoes, and cut nails and spikes. Establishments whose business is confined to the manufacture of these more highly elaborated products and which do not do hot rolling are classed under other headings. The tin-plate dipping departments operated in connection with some rolling mills are treated as separate establishments and classed with the tin-plate industry, but it has not been possible to segregate the wire departments of rolling mills, or departments making other elabo- rated products. IRON AlTD STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 103 The table wluch follows, giving the comparative statistics of materials and products of steel works and rolling mills for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899, does not in all cases show the tonnage or value of the finished products as they leave the mill. Under the heading "finished rolled products and forgings," several of the items, such as wire rods, flue and pipe skelp, and plates and sheets, represent the total tonnage of these products rolled and their actual or estimated value in the original rolled form, notwithstanding the fact that part of them were subsequently elaborated into more highly finished products in the rolling mills themselves. The added value given to the rolled iron and steel by subsequent processes performed in the same establish- ment is included in the amount ($85,238,964) given for item III of the table. The figures given, under products, for unrolled steel and for partly finished rolled products, represent only the product made for sale or transfer to other plants, the larger quan- tities made but Subsequently rolled or reroUed in the same mills not being included on account of the duplication which would be involved. The table gives the total steel production, including that sold and that consumed. Although the total and also the group totals include no duplication of quantity or value of products within any given estabUshment itself, there is considerable dupli- cation due to the use of the product of one establishment as material for another establishment, whether the latter be owned by a separate concern or by the same company. The ton of2,t40 pounds is used in showing quantities except when other- wise stated. TaDle 71 STEEL WORKS AND ROLLING MILLS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 Number of establishments Steel works and rolling mills Steel works only (no hot rolling) Rolling mills only (no steel furnaces). Total num Der producing steel Total number doing hot rolling MATEEULS USED. Total cost- tron and steel: For fumaoes and hot rolls — Pig ii'on, including ferroalloys — Tons Cost Pig iron — Tons Cost.' Produced by consumer- Tons Assigned cost Purchased — Tons Cost Ferroalloys— spiegeleisen, ferromanga- nese, ferrosilioon, etc.— Tons Cost Produced by consumer — Tons Assigned cost Purchased— Tons Cost Scrap, including old rails not intended for rerolling— Total consumption, tons From outside sources- Tons Cost Produced by consumer in other works Tons Assigned cost Purchased— Tons Cost Made and consumed in same works, tons 427 112 96 219 446 268 189 347 ?! $590, 825, 692 $657, 500, 856 $441,204,432 $390,895,277 17, 3248, 17, $232, 15 $201 2 $30; $16; $3. 312, 429, 657 630,958 128, 092 131,772 111, 458 965, 395 016, 634 166,377 301,565 499, 186 108,238 849, 738 193,327 649, 448 10,656,187 5, $69, $11, 4 $47, 070,880 381,527 899, 113 384,960 171,767 996,567 5, 686, 307 See footnotes on p. 110. 19,076,889 $297,471,122 18,712,304 $282,663,740 15,108,244 $224,474,026 3,604,060 $58, 189, 714 364,686 $14,807,382 144,492 $3,776,798 220,093 $11,030,584 9, 929, 710 4,803,617 $72, 722, 831 773,843 $10,629,317 4,029,774 $62,093,514 5,126,093 12,191,228 $172, 101, 436 (•) (') (') 0) (') (') (') (') (') (') 10,411,281 8151,064,348 (1) C) (') 0) (') 0) 6, 124, 277 $67,601,248 4,126,980 $66, 862, 621 (') 8 P) 104 CENSUS OF MA]SrUFACTU::TiS : 1:^14. TaDle 71— Continued. STEEL "WORICS AND ROLLING MH^LS. 1914 1909 1901 1899 MATERIALS USED — Continued. Iron and steel — Continued. For lurnaces and hot rolls— Continued. Ingots, blooms, billets, slabs, muck and scrap bar, rails for reroUing, and sheet and tin plate bars, not produced in works where consumed — Tons Cost Produced by consumer in other works- Tons Assigned cost Purchased — Tons Cost Iron ore — Tons Cost Domestic — Tons Cost Foreign — Tons Cost Boiled forms for further manufacture — Skclp— Total consumption, tons From outside sources- Tons Cost Produced by consumer in other works — Tons Assigned cost Purchased — Tons Cost Made and consumed in same works, tons. . Wire rods — Total consumption, tons From outside somces— Tons Cost Produced by consumer in other works — Tons Assigned cost Piuchased— Tons Cost Made and consumed in same works, tons. . Copper ingots, billet, blooms, bars, scrap, etc. : Tons Cost ;; 6,468,399 $132,178,063 2, 882, 069 ?57,587,159 3,576,330 $74,590,904 999, 472 $4,252,201 969,617 $4,053,213 29,855 $198, 988 192, 557 $5, 496, 850 47, 998 $1,662,917 144,559 $3,833,933 1,183,756 1, 494, 761 $2,352,027 76,717 $1, 864, 312 18, 978 $487, 715 1,399,066 Fuel and rent of power. All other materials Total value. 13, 335 S4, 069, 309 $55,447,804 $79,016,953 8918,664,565 6,608,249 $145,576,635 3,080,672 $62,594,558 3,427,677 $82,981,077 836, 338 $4,292,963 823,306 $4,224,593 12,032 $68,370 176, 717 $5,704,856 35, 221 $1,151,430 141,496 $4,553,426 1,401,573, 1,465,221 146, 425 $4,252,695 128, 291 $3,547,611 18, 134 $705, 118 1, 318, 796 19,645 $5,756,018 $46, 136, 725 $76,688,011 2 $985, 722, 534 4,920,177 $110,268,828 649, 996 $2,396,792 646,262 $2, 372, 739 3,733 $24,063 3, 876, 456 $97,809,928 O 346, 310 $1,348,809 C) 259, 643 $7, 331, 935 0) 161,914 $4,774,383 136,725 $5, 419, 617 ^] ?1 I.— Rolled, forged, and other classified $35,386,666 $41,343,144 '$673,966,026 $22,463,209 $45,936,747 $597,211,716 IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTS: Tons For sale For consumption Value A.— Finished Tolled products nndfornimjs- Tons For sale '. For consumption Value Rails — Number of establishments . . Tons Value Open-hearth — Tons Value ' " Bessemer- Tons Value 25, 16, 8, $800, 18, 12, 6, ^1> $64, $46, 522, 784 904, 966 617, 818 278, 038 482,182 647, 638 834,644 485, 963 15 842,041 009,918 522, 684 336,331 319,367 ,673,537 26, 723, 274 18,265,891 8,457,383 $863,342,711 19,276,237 $667, 393, 177 13 2,858,699 $81,128,295 1,215,072 $36,400,780 1,643,527 $44,727,515 See footnotes on p. llo. 18,218,233 $585,288,243 12,759,993 $447,150,696 14 < 2, 194, 605 $58,266,750 128,681 $3,608,662 2,065,024 $54, 627, 488 15,056,626 t^ $510,906,040 10,398,796 $391,252,628 16 < 2, 251, 337 $46, 533, 169 IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 105 Tatile 71— Continued. PRODUCTS — continued. .— Rolled, foeged, and other classified lEON and steel products— continued. A.— Fintsliedrolled prodncts and forgings— Con. ' Rerolled or renewed rails — Number of establishments Tons Value Rail fastenings (including splice* bars, tie- plates, flsnplates, etc.) — Number of establishments Tons Value Structural shapes (not including plaies used for making girders) — Number of establishments Tons= Value Heavy (3-inch and over leg or web)— Tons Value Light (less than 3-inch leg or web)— Tons Value Bars for reinforced concrete — Number of establishments Tons Value Merchant bars, including bars or rods not elsejfhere specified— Number of establishments Tons Value Steel- Tons Value Iron — Tons Value Spike and chain rods, bolt and nut rods, horseshoe bars, and strips- Number of establishments Tons Value For sale- Tons Value For consumption- Tons Assigned value Wire rods — Number of establishments Tons Value For sale- Tons Value For consumption- Tons In works where produced In other works of same company Assigned value Plates or sheets (not elsewhere specified) — Number of establishments Tons Value For sale- Tons Value For consumption — Tons Assigned value According to gauge — Plates No. 12 and thicker- Tons Value Sheets No. 13 and thinner- Tons Value steel works and EoLLmo mills. 63,671 $1,438,237 26 349,307 $11,626,956 35 2,083,440 $57,475,366 1,889,674 $61, 702, 478 193, 766 $5,772,888 30 269, 966 $7, 751, 549 2,474,737 $84, 409, 500 2,062,791 $71,352,396 411,946 $13, 067, 104 41 535, 875 $18,319,865 45,916 $1,670,929 489,959 $16,748,936 33 2,377,691 $61,578,145 636, 098 $14,000,752 1,842,593 1,399,066 443,527 $47, 677, 393 99 3,699,249 $129, 786, 963 2,907,272 $96,442,998 791,977 $33,342,966 2, 183, 776 $62, 768, 579 1,615,474 $67,017,384 190» 106,3.52 $2,683,017 25 398.911 $14,488,412 27 2, 123, 630 $66,564,693 (') (') 26 191,358 $6,688,963 132 ' 3, 784, 248 $121,488,423 29 2,295,279 $61,947,958 511,322 $14, 681, 108 1,783,967 1,318,796 465, 161 $47,266,850 106 3,332,733 $133,272,393 2, 807, 114 $108,298,861 525,619 $24,97.3,632 '2,392,144 (') 8 940,689 $2, 480, 328 (') 174, 0.55 $5,663,052 (') 954, 637 $32, 730, 901 ('} (') « (1) (') 2,442,810 $84, 069, 122 (') 1, 792, 704 $52,995,031 '}) ('} 1,856,469 $77,802,001 (') (') 8 189S 0) (') 856,983 $29,361,622 s (■) (') (•) 2,493,159 $100, 597, 221 (') 916,5.?7 S35, 529, 629 0) 1,488,0''.6 $68, 109, 223 9, 8 See footnotes on p. 110. 106 CENSUS OP MAKXJFAGTTJEES : 1914. Table 71— Continued. PRODUCTS — continued. .—Rolled, fokged, and other classified IKON AND STEEL PEODUCTS— Continued. A . — FinisTied rolled products andforgings — Con. Black plates (or sheets) for tinning — Number of establishments Tons Steel Iron - Value Steel Iron For sale — Tons Value For consumption — Tons Assigned value Skelp, flue, and pipe — Number of establishments Tons Value For sale — Tons Value For consumption — Tons In works where produced In other works of same company Assigned value Hoops, bands, and cotton ties — Number of establishments Tons Value Nail and tack plate — Number of establishments Tons Value For sale — Tons \alue For consumption — Tons Assigned value Axles, roiled or forged — Number of establishments Tons Value Armor plates , gun f orgings , and ordnance — Number of establishments Tons Value All other rolled products — Tons Value All forged or other iron and steel products not otherwise enumerated — Tons Value STEEL •WOKKS AND ROLLING MILLS. B. — Partly finished rolled products for sale or for transfer to other works of same company — Tons Value Blooms, billets, and slabs— steel- Tons Value For sale- Tons Value For consumption in other works of pro- ducer- Tons Assigned value Rolled blooms and billets for forging pur- For sale- Tons Value... 30 1,011,938 1,004,486 7,452 S43, 147, 041 42, 792, 556 354,485 81,583 S.3,600,576 930,355 139,646,465 38 1,960,844 $52,443,303 506,380 814,621,830 1,454,464 1, 183, 756 270,708 $37,821,473 17 603,940 $19,945,078 11 60,302 $2,008,308 19, 751 $803,352 30,551 31,204,956 10 " 89,436 $3,407,271 6 38,669 $19,947,893 619,674 $37,125,670 411,402 $19,165,900 6,408,030 $130,674,909 3,991,873 $80,638,672 1,414,619 $29,706,572 2,577,254 $50,932,100 65,939 $1,695,637 29 631,435 ('} (') $30,965,967 8 56,275 $2,736,396 675, 160 $28,219,571 42 2,084,286 $64,614,728 680,686 $18,416,604 1,603,600 1,401,673 102,027 $46,099,124 15 341,043 $10,429,681 12 68,557 $2,540,022 25,867 $960,492 42,690 $1,679,630 102,348 $3,831,344 5 26,846 $10,649,079 666,627 $39,670,061 $18,740,241 6,799,436 $153,493,360 4,887,796 $108,514,747 1,841,819 $43,021,988 3,045,977 $65,492,769 84,383 $2, 247, 133 35 604,025 504,025 $25,M7,079 25,297,079 P) 1,557,690 $46,780,202 337,223 $12,760,010 (') 86,601 $2,462,076 (') 83,585 $2,876,829 4 24,433 $10,549,620 377,665 $16,743,727 274,061 $15,684,967 4,974,511 $113,662,102 4,823,685 $109,611,104 t^ m 44 394,014 $20,967,806 (') si,195,"189 '$49,169,747 (') (' • (') (') no) m m 97,664 $3,116,558 8 0) 102,606 $4,482,937 15,302 $7,526,479 506,880 $19,202,606 81,009 $6,665,741 4,376,967 $102,262,474 4,172,286 $98,321,887 See footnotes on p. 110. 8 lEON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 107 Tatole 71— Continued. PRODUCTS — continued. I.— Rolled, forged, and other classified IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTS — Continued. B, —Partly finishei rolled products for sale or for transfer to oilier works of same com- pany — Continued. Sheet and tin-plate bars- Tons Value For sale- Tons Value For consumption in other works of pro- ducer — Tons Assigned value Muck and scrap bar— Tons Value For sale- Tons Value — For consumption in other works of pro- ducer- Tons Assigned value Made and consumed in same works, tons — Blooms, billets, and slabs, steel Hammered charcoal blooms, billets, and slabs Rolled blooms and billets lor forging pur- Sheet and tin-plate bars Muck and scrap bar C .— Unrolled steel (for sale or for transfer to other works of same company) — Tons Value Ingots- Tons Value For sale — Tons Value For consumption in other works of pro- ducer — Tons Assigned value Direct steel castings- Tons Value II.— Scrap steel or iron: Total production, tons For sale- Tons Value For consumption in other works of pro- ducer- Tons Assigned value Made and consumed in same works, tons m.— All other steel or iron products, not rolled, including value added to ikon and steel rolling-mill products by further manufacture IV.— All products other than steel or iron v.— Custom work and repairing Steel production ((oiwi)." Total Ingots For consumption in works where produced . . For transfer to other works of producer For sale. steel works and rolling mills. 2,241,735 $45,372,785 2,088,769 $42,308,755 152,966 $3,064,030 108,483 $2,967,815 89,379 $2,379,056 19, 104 $588, 759 13, 102, 896 35, 794 68, 866 723,360 958,640 632,572 $46,117,166 63,371 $1,383,468 29,421 $737,382 33,950 $646,086 569,201 $44,733,698 7,041,286 983, 216 $11, 660, 297 462,948 $4,674,546 5,695,122 $85,238,964 $16,103,136 $1,709,584 23,403,957 22,815,266 22, 751, 830 33,960 29,486 1909 1,652,761 $37,746,269 1,626,408 $37,108,869 27,353 $639, 400 174,496 $4,986,211 154, 431 $4,289,969 20,065 $696,242 11,375,622 76,614 441,637 1,191,828 647,601 $42,456,174 142, 745 $3,593,726 30,444 $1,513,445 112,301 $2,080,281 504,866 $38, 862, 448 6,364,647 840, 118 $12,632,772 398, 436 $5,530,862 5,126,093 $86,534,369 $16,356,978 $1,324,852 23,523,199 22,973,964 22,830,419 112,301 31, 244 1904 (12) (12) (') 150,926 $3,940,998 ('? (1) C) (1) 483, 729 $24,585,446 196, 404 $3,985,310 ('J (') (') (') 287,325 $20,600,136 P) 877, 177 $11,079,831 $61,977,284 $15,619,668 13,670,592 13,379,083 13,182,679 196, 404 1899 (12) (19) 0) 203,681 $5,940,587 0) 280,863 $17,391,038 103, 707 $2, 781, 145 (1) (') 177, 156 $14,609,893 (') $86,305,676 10,685,000 10,507,844 10, 404, 137 103,707 See footnotes on p. 110. 108 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Talole 71— Continued. PRODUCTS — continued. I!— Continued. Steel production Direct castings Classified according to process:— Open heartli, tons Ingots Castings Basic, tons Ingots Castings Acid, tons Ingots Ca-stings Bessemer, tons Ingots Castings ■ Crucible, tons Ingots Castings Electric and aU other, tons Ingots Castings Duplex steel, basic open-hearth, made Irom metal partly purified in Bessemer converters (included above) Alloy steel (included above), tons Number of establishments Open hearth Basic Acid Bessemer Crucible and electric Ingots Castings By kind of aUoy— Nickel-chrome Nickel Chrome Nickel-chrome- vanadium Chrome- vanadium Titanium Tungsten Copper Vanadium Chrome-tungsten- vanadium Silicon-manganese Chrome-tungsten Chrome-nickel-titanium Miscellaneous Unclassified Manufactures from iron and steel rolling-mill products largely made in mill producing: value of that mMe in rolling mills previously included. Wire departments of rolling mills, products, total value Steel and iron wire and manufactures thereof. All other products Pipes and tubes, not including cast pipe: Made in rolling mills— Wrought weeded — Number of establishments Tons Value Seamless, hot finished or cold drawn— Nimiber of establishments Tons Value All other, clinched, riveted, etc. — Tons Value Not made in rolling mills — Number of establishments Value of all products Bolts, nuts, rivets, washers, etc. : Made in rolling mlUs — Number of establishments Kegs (200 pounds). Value. Not made in rolling mills- Number of efstablishments.. Value of all products STEEL WOSKS AND ROLLING MILLS. 1914 588,691 17,081,375 16,551,427 529,948 16,234,626 15,933,420 301,206 846, 749 618,007 228, 742 6,219,304 6,-175, 867 43,437 81,685 72,766 8,920 21,593 15, 207 6,386 401,621 305,956 57 264, 100 230,408 33,692 9,146 32, 710 294, 128 11, 828 102,662 69,955 23,268 14,123 9,280 8,477 4,204 2,759 2,665 2,334 2,240 1,646 1,106 233 61, 314 $74,972,923 67,353,214 7,619,709 13 1,130,662 $56,461,650 5 64, 765 $5, 821, 467 17,345 $834,209 36 $37,655,229 2,091,633 $9,682,385 1909 549,235 14,228,377 13,725,783 502,594 13,221,093 12,952,840 268,263 1,007,284 772,943 234, 341 9,180,133 9,146,668 34, 465 100, 263 90,242 10,021 14,426 12,271 2,155 522,682 158, 216 36 100,335 86,242 14,093 45, 324 12,657 151, 300 6,916 26,929 37,607 11,269 9,280 4,406 40,477 1,697 8,039 m 600 (!) 17,912 $78,894,036 71,624,024 7,270,012 15 1,314,771 $68,471,673 4 64, 273 $5,650,739 28 $30,886,270 35 "4,471,985 $20,538,858 102 108 $23,403,405 $24,484,907 1901 291,509 5,820,397 5,548,396 272,001 5,064,592 4,974,921 89,671 766, 805 573,475 182,330 7,768,915 7,764,488 14,427 80,059 76, 199 3,860 1,221 1,221 $67,551,443 14 849,047 $43,986,728 0) $2,290,234 27 $17,400,912 30 "3,105,827 $13,854,635 88 $14,687,108 $47,728,784 (') 19 $21,292,043 72 $13,978,382 See footnotes on p. 110. IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 109 Table 71— Continued. STEEL WORKS AND ROLLING MILLS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCTS— continued. Manufactures from iron arid steel roUing-mill products largely male in mill producing ; value ofthat madein rolling mills previously included — Continued. Railroad spilces— Made in rolling mills — Number of establishments Kegs (200 pounds) Value Nails and spikes: Made in rolling mills — Cut— Number of establislunents Kegs (200 pounds) Value Forged nails and spikes (other than railroad spikes) — Nimiber of establishments . , Kegs (100 pounds) . Value All other, including tacks (other than wire ' tacks) — Kegs (100 pounds) Value Wire nails and spikes, made in rolling mills and wire drawing mills — Kegs (lOO pounds) Value Wire brads, tacks, and staples, made in roll- ing mills and wire drawing mills — Tons Value Not made in rolling mills (nails and spikes)— Number of establishments Value of all products Establishments whose chief product is— Cut nails Wire nails All others, including tacks Horse and mule shoes: Made in rolling mills- Number of establishments Kegs (200 pounds), "aluf Value Not made in rolling mills- Number of establishments Value of all products Snrings, not including wire springs: ■Made in rolling mills- Number of establishments Tons. Valiife Not made in rolling mills- Number of establishments Value of all products Cast-iron pipe, car and locomotive wheels, gray iron, malleable iron, and semisteel castings, and all castings other than steel: Tons . Value Galvanized plates or sheets: Number of establishments Tons Value Stamped ware, made in rolling mills: Tons Value Steel cars, machinery, switches, frogs, etc Shovels, spades, scoops, etc STEEMIAKING EQUIPMENT." Steel plants, number of active establishments . . Steel furnaces and converters: Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Open-hearth furnaces: Number of establishments Number of open-hearth fiumaces See footnotes on p. 110, 15 1,366,177 $4,201,388 10 740,436 $1,469,780 5 45,936 $92, 783 29,916 $62,161 12,886,634 $23,368,633 33,335 51,324,948 64 $7,198,600 $1,735,979 $1,334,432 $4,128,189 11 1,015,230 $7,122,462 22 $1,785,993 11,889 $872,863 84 $11,594,992 116,536 $5,314,946 971, 189 $42,862,394 36,844 $3,205,627 $7,342,690 $524, 872 0) (16) 12 1,009,319 $2, 218, 207 217 1,242 148,023 140 864 13,926,861 S27, 575, 774 28, 125 $1,324,170 57 $8,191,820 (') 11 996,383 $7,202,897 19 $1,014,576 6,191 $374, 924 ■ 64 $9,005,362 128,670 $5,520,399 22 431,658 $25,912,056 24,612 $2,296,707 $7, 720, 178 $540,321 17 1,311,649 $2,394,108 1,061, ',495, 9,061,512 $17,495,362 1,118 112,410 129 706 76 $8,922,896 (■) 11 768,253 $5,483,137 $798,981 22,022 $1,708,632 52 $5,740,836 [i] (') $292, 923 (') $410, 500 198 741 78,238 110 (') 1,668,443 $3,292,063 4,603 2,446 16 4,603,010 $12,446,096 102 $14,777,2 0) 7 $497,619 48 $5,690,499 (') 557 57, 240 82 307 110 CENSUS OF MANUFAOTUEES : 1914. Tatole 71— Continued. STEEL "WORKS AND KOLLING MILLS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 STEEL-MAKING EQUIPMENT 1' — Continued. Open-hearth furnaces — Continued. Capacity per heat — I>ess than SO tons 50 tons butless than 60 tons 60 tons butless than 70 tons 70 tons but less than 80 tons 80 tons but less than 90 tons 90 tons but less than XOO tons 100 tons and over Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Basic- Number of establishments Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn. . Acid- Number of establishments Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn. , Converters: Number of establishments Number of converters Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Bessemer — Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn. . . Tropenas — Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn. . . Other kinds of converters — Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Converters used for partly purifying metal for open-hearth furnaces- Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn. . . Crucible steel furnaces: Number of establishments Number of furnaces N umber ofi>otsthatca-nbeusedata heat Daily capacity , tons of steel, double turn Electric-steel furnaces: Number of establishments Number DaUy capacity, tons of steel Other: Number Daily capacity, tons of steel Metal mixers: Number Capacity 346 189 127 92 43 14 53 93,650 706 85,471 158 8,179 55 115 53,106 64 52,480 30 354 21 272 12 12,600 62 241 3,916 886 15 15 438 7 4 69 20,886 367 137 105 51 44 2 62, 161 82 553 55,392 70 153 6,769 54 112 49,005 48,377 5 1,750 67 278 4,074 34,398 64 341 26,932 65 148 7,466 44 92 43,123 61 42,675 13 95 18 353 44 160 2,723 717 18 73 59 14,343 (I) 18,245 (') 168 12, 151 (') 139 6,094 42 91 38,420 [!] 37 159 2,628 576 8 ?1 1 Figures not available. 2 In addition, steel castings and rolled stoel valued at $2,831,964 were produced by 13 establishments in 1914; to the value of 86,627,039 by 29 establishments in 1909; and to the value of $347,264 In 1904 by estab- lishments not classified as steelworks and rolling mills. 3 Includes 27,286 tons of alloy steel rails; titamum steel, 7,395 tons; nickel-chrome steel, 4,174 tons; man- ganese steel, 3,864 tons; and kinds not specified, 11,853 tons. ' Includes 900 tons of iron rails, valued at $20,700 in 1904; and 880 tons, valued at $31,180 in 1899. 6 Includes 1,522,362 tons basic open-hearth, 144 tons acid open-hearth, and 178 tons of electric-steel rails. Includes Iron shapes as follows (balance steel): 1914, 6,344 tons; 1909, 21,330 tons; 1904, 4,475 tons; 1899, 27,091 tons. 'Plates 16 gauge and thicker. 8 Sheets 17 gauge and thinner. 5 Includes hoops, bands, and cotton ties. m Included with skelp. " Includes 1,160 tons of axles other than car and locomotive (automobile, carriage, etc.), valued at $96,069. 12 Included above with blooms, billets, and slabs. 's Includes steel made by establishments not classified as steelworks and rolling mills: 1914, 20,483 tons; 1909, 49,841 tons; 1904, 4,184 tons. n Includes forged spikes. '= Included with "bolts, nuts, rivets, washers, etc." '» Made in rolling mills. " Includes establishments classified under other industries and producing steel as a subsidiary product The general statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 641). As already stated, the figures for 1889 in this table represent the combined business of all establishments having rolling mills, notwith- IKON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. Ill standing the fact that some of these establishments were also classified in the general tabulations under more specific headings according to the principal finished product manufactured — for example, under wire" or "iron and steel wrought pipe." Consequently the figures for 1889 should be roughly comparable with those for subse- quent censuses, although the comparability of all of the statistics is affected more or less by changes in the relative extent to which certain finished products are made in rolling mills and in separate establishments, respectively. IIl03Sr AND STEEL— BOLTS, NUTS, WASHERS, AND RIVETS, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLLING LULLS. Establishments included under this classification manufacture the articles indi- cated by the title, including carriage and truck bolts; couplings; foundation and machine bolts; plow, stove, and tire bolts; expansion and toggle bolts; lock and axle nuts, cold or hot pressed; bifurcated rivets and tubular nuts for boiler shop and structural ptu'poses; lock washers and riveting and other burs; spring and other cot- ters; staples; gaskets; floor caps and similar articles. The large production of similar articles by steel works and rolling mills is not included in the statistics for the later years — 1914 1909, 1904, and 1899-— but it is possible that in 1889 some establishments were claased under this heading which at later censuses would have been classed as steel works and rolling mills. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the value of products shown in Table 223, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets valued at $9,682,385 were made in steel works and rolling mills in 1914, and similar products to the value of $1,062,080 were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other prodticts, principally screws, naUs and spikes, and machine-shop products. In 1909 steel works and rolling mills reported bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets to the value of $20,538,858, and establishments assigned to other classifications reported similar products to the value of $1,257,179. IRON AND STEEL— CAST-IRON PIPE. Establishments included in this industry manufacture principally cast-iron gas, water, soil, and plumbers' pipe and fittings. There is little relation between this industry and the manufacture of wrought-iron and steel pipe. Prior to the census of 1909 the statistics were included in those for foundry and machine-shop products, so that the general statistics presented in Table 223 are for 1909 and 1914 only. Table 72 gives the quantity and value of the several classes designated as cast-iron pipe and fittings in 1914. TatJle 72 CAST-IEOSr PIPE AND PITTrNGS.l Quantity (tons, 2,000 pounds). Value. Total. S28, 102, 607 Cast-Iron pipe and flttlngs Gas and water pipe Bell and spigot Flanged Culvert Fittings Soil and plumbers' pipe and fittings. . All other castings All other products 1,120,721 909, 069 828, 905 27,289 11,011 41,864 211,652 13, 581 25, 979, 192 19,805,484 16,669,533 706, 631 246, 527 2,182,893 6,173,708 681, 737 1,441,678 1 Includes 64,718 tens of cast-iron pipe and fittings valued at $1,443,242 made by nine establishments engaged primarily in other lines of manufacture. IRON AND STEEL— DOORS AND SHUTTERS. Fireproof doors and shutters of iron and steel are the principal products manu- factured by the establishments placed under this classification. They include, among other products, elevator and Vault doors, automatic doors for mines, and rolling steel shutters. Metal and metal-covered window frames, gratings, theater curtains, sash, and trim are also manufactured. The general statistics for the industry are presented in Table 223 for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. Establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of copper, tin, and sheet-iron work, structural ironwork, and foundry and machine-shop products, reported for 1914 iron and steel doors and shutters to the value of $189,809, and to the value of $93,855 in 1909. 112 CENSUS OP MANtrFACTTrE.ES: 1914. IRON AND STEEL— FORGINGS, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS. The principal products of the establishments included under this classification consist of li^t and heavy drop and steam-hammer forgings, rough and finished. The products embrace parts for automobiles, bicycles, agricultural implements, carriages, engines, and other rnachinery, and for marine work; railway forgings, such as axles, car wheels, frogs, switches, steel ties, and trolley poles; and various complete articles and tools, such as anchors, anvils, drop-forged chisels, picks, vises, wrenches, and poathole augers. Among the specific products reported are steel chains, hand and machine welded; trace chains for harness, and chains for ships, dredges, cranes, and steam shovels. General statistics from 1879 to 1914 are given in Table 223 (p. 642). In addition to the products whose value is shown in the table, iron and steel forgings to the value of $559,038 in 1914 and of 11,094,244 in 1909 were reported by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, principally foundry and machine-shop products, and forgings to the value of $19,165,900 in 1914 and of $18,740,241 in 1909 were reported by steel works and rolling mills, the latter item not including gun forgings, ordnance, or forged axles. HORSESHOES, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS. The establishments included under this classification manufacture horseshoes of various types. These horseshoes include fiber and other cushioned kinds. Horse- shoe calks and toe weights are also manufactured, frequently as the sole product of an establishment. The production of horseshoes by steel works and rolling mills is not included in the totals given in Table 223. The industry was first shown sepa- rately at the census of 1859, but was included under other classifications in 1869 and 1879. (See Table 223.) Horse and mule shoes to the value of $7,122,462 in 1914, and of $7,202,897 in 1909 were made by steel works and rolling mills, and a small additional cjuantity, to the value of $9,114 i;} 1914, by establishments assigned to other industries. After 1889 horseshoes were produced in increasingly large quantities in rolling mills. This accounts for the decrease from 1889 to 1899 in the products of inde- pendent estabUshments as shown in Table 223. IRON AND STEEL— NAILS AND SPIKES, CUT AND WROUGHT, INCLTTDING WIRE NAILS, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS. Establishments included in this classification manufacture principally cut, wrought, and wire nails of various kinds, including shoe nails and tacts; horseshoe nails; carpet, gimp, upholstery, and double-pointed tacks; ship and other spikes; corru- gated steel fasteners; poultry-netting staples, self-clenching nails, staples, and hooks. The figures for the industry at most censuses do not cover the large production of nails and spikes by steel works and rolling mills, nor the large output of wire nails made by plants producing wire, except at the censuses of 1869 and 1889. The sta- tistics for this industry for 1869 and 1889, as already stated, are on an entirely different basis from those for other censuses. In recent years there has been an increasing tendency toward this class of business being absorbed by rolling and wire-drawing mills. The 1914 statistics, which present separate data for "cut nails," "wire nails," and "all other, including tacks," are showninTable 67(p. 96). The general statistics from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 643). In 1914 cut nails to the value of $1,469,780 were reported by steel works and rolling mills and to the value of $16,415 by the other group of nail manufacturers, while brass and bronze maDufacturers reported cut nails to the value of $40,262. Wire nails to the value of $804,841 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally makers of bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, while wire mills and the wire departments of rolling mills reported their manufacture to the value of $23,368,633. Railroad spikes to the value of $6,011 were reported by manufacturers of bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, and to the value of $4,201,388 by steel works and rolling mills. SPRINGS, STEEL, CAR AND CARRIAGE, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS. The principal products of establishments included in this classification are steel springs, flat, coil, and elliptical, for railway equipment, carriages, wagons, and auto- mobiles. Some steel, brass, and phosphor-bronze springs intended for other uses were also among the products reported. Statistics for each census begiiming with 1859, when they were first presented, are given in Table 223 (p. 692). Some establishments make a specialty of springs to be used for certain purposes, and separate figures are given in Table 67 for establishments engaged primarily in the IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 113 manufacture of each of the four classes of springs, Carriage and wagon springs to the value of $154,727 Were reported in 1914 by makers of automobile springs, and to the value of $497,514 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally car- riage and wagon materials. Railway springs to the value of $872,863 were made in steel Works and rolling mills. Automobile springs to the value of $107,833 were re- ported by manufacturers of carriage and other springs, and to the value of $662,360 by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of carriage and wagon mate- rials, etc. Machinery and other springs to the value of $26,277 were reported by makers of automobile springs and to the value of $244,480 by machine shops and hardware manufacturers. STRTTCTTTRAL IRONWORK, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS. The establishments assigned to this industry manufacture all kinds of iron and steel structural and ornamental work for bridges, buildings, and subways. Among the products are balconies, bank fixtures, beams, cellar doors, coal chutes, columns, crane girders, elevator inclosures, expanded metal for lathing and concrete work, fences, fire escapes, fireproof moving-picture booths, fireproof porches, gas holders, gratings, girders, elevator cars, iron railings, portable steel buildings, lintels, grilles, vestibule doors, purifiers, roof trusses, sand screens, stairs, steel floor plates, steel reinforcement for concrete, steel trusses, tanks, tree boxes, trellises, and water towers. Statistics for each census from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223 (p. 696). Similar articles were made in 1914 to the value of $3,762,054 by establishments assigned to other classifications, such as foundry and machine-shop products, hard- ware, windmills, plumbers' supplies, planing mills, brass, bronze, and copper products, wirework, and others. IRON AND STEEL— WROUGHT PIPE. The principal products of the establishments included in this classification are wrought and wrought-welded pipe; steel-riveted pipe; lock-bar pipe; spiral pipe and fittings; riveted well casings; seamless cold-drawn steel tubes; umbrella rods; tubular poles for electric railroads and for electric lighting, telegraph, and signal systems; and galvanized-iron pipes for heating and ventilating. Wrought-iron pipe is largely made from skelp. The establishments involved do not include those which roil skelp iron and steel, and manufacture pipe therefrom in one and the same establish- ment. These are classified under rolling mills. The figures for 1889 are not comparable, because pipe factories were then classified according to the product of chief value and included all miUs making wrought pipe. The general statistics for the industry are shown in Table 223 (p. 643) for 1869 to 1914, inclusive. Wrought iron and steel pipe and tubes to the value of $62,117,326 in 1914, as com- pared with $75,109,011 in 1909, were made by steel works and rolling mills, and to the value of $75,629 in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications. CASH REGISTERS AND CALCITLATING MACHINES. The principal products manufactured by establishments included under this classification are cash registers and similar devices and machines, adding machines and adding attachments to typewriters, fare registers for railway cars, calculating machihes, rotary wage tables, and slide rules. Statistics for the census years from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. The statistics for 1914, relating to the manufacture of (o) adding oiachines, (6) cash registers and parts, and (c) all other — comprising money changers, ticket-counting machines, recording devices for vehicles, fare boxes, multiplying machines, etc. — are shown in Table 67 (p. 96). Establishments engaged primarily in other industries reported the manufacture of cash registers and calculating machines in 1914 to the value of $99,765. In 1909 similar machines to the value of $179,696 were reported by manufacturers in other industries, principally by those making typewriters and supplies. ENGINES, STEAM, GAS, AND WATER. This is the first census to show separate statistics for "engines, steam, gas, and water." Previous to 1914 they were included with the statistics for foundry and machine-shop products. The industry includes those establishments that manufac- ture steam engines and steam turbines, internal-combustion engines, and water powers — (wheels, motors, and turbines). The engines are classified according to type or use — stationary, marine, traction, automobile, aeroplane, motorcycle, etc. The statistics do not include locomotives, as they appear under a separate classification. 67031°— 17 8 114 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUBES : 1914. In 1914 there were 446 establishments engaged in the manufacture of engines aa their chief product, with products in the aggregate valued at $72,121,112, and 36.3 establishments that reported engines as a subsidiary product. The engines, as re- ported by all establishments, including shipbuilders, were valued at $88,382,067, and of 6,553,956 horsepower capacity. The figures, however, do not represent the entire engine industry, for many establishments manufacturing engines as parts of machines did not segregate the engine component. Table 73 gives the number of establishments manufacturing each type of engine used, the indicated or rated horsepower capacity, as well as the value of the various kLnda of engines, and the number of engines arranged according to horsepower capacity. Taljle 7.3 ENGINES— STEAM, GAS, AND WATEE (NOT INCLUDING LOCOMOTIVES). Number, horsepower, and value. Number, horsepower, and value. Total horsepower of engines manu- factured — ^indicated or rated ca- pacity Total value 6,553,956 588,382,067 ENGINES. Steam, total: Number of establishments manufacturing Horsepower Value Stationary and portable (other than turbines) — Horsepower Value Marine, other than turbines — Horsepower Value Turbines i — Horsepower Value Traction 2— Horsepower Value Internal-combustion, total: Number of estabhshments manufacturing Horsepower Value 243 2,365,483 $30,498,638 805,682 Sll,821,964 73,679 81,299,971 1,312,718 $8,662,174 173,404 $8,714,629 549 3,680,082 $54, 250, 421 ENGINES— continued . Internal-combustion, total — Contd. Stationary and portable =- Horsepower , Value Automobile * — Horsepower Value Marine- Horsepower Value Traction ^ — Horsepower Value All other (aeroplane, motor- cycle," etc.)- Horsepower Value Water wheels, motors, and turbines, total: Number of establishments man- ufacturing Horsepower Value 1,144,991 $25,606,905 1,916,293 $11,622,961 339,638 $7,570,245 250,860 $8,936,687 28,300 $513,623 50 508,391 $3,633,008 >fUMBEE OF ENGINES BY HORSEPOWER GEorrps. CLASS. Total. Under 10. 10 but under 50. 60 but under 100. 100 but under 500. 500 but under 1,000. 1,000 and over. Steam engines - - . 19, 280 3,061 8,981 4,849 1,890 266 233 Stationary and portable, other than turbines 12,404 953 1,307 4,616 380,007 250,722 71, 745 44, 167 10,534 2,849 19,239 2,449 447 125 40 271,764 5,335 362 288 2,996 102,009 2,961 40 280 1,568 5,672 1,426 63 389 12 505 191 21 64 42 Marine, other than turbines Turbines' 20 171 Traction 2 42 15 Stationary 3, 228,967 4,004 35,952 141 2,700 18,434 20,424 64,706 7,667 9,204 18 166 925 3,035 417 1,171 124 356 309 24 13 Automobile ^ 112 17 7 181 17 1 2 Traction^ AU other (aeroplane, motor- cycle,'' etc.) Water wheels, motors, and turbines. . . 61 51 1 Includes 11 marine steam turbines of 121,000 horsepower. 2 Includes 9 automobile steam engines of 294 horsepower; value, $4,750. 3 Includes 50 fire engines of 1,200 horsepower. < Not including those made by automobile manufacturers; about 568.0D0 gasoline automobiles were manufactui-ed in 1914. '•> Includes 15 gas-driven locomotives. « Not including those made by motorcycle manufacturers; about 63,000 raatoroycles were made in 1914. lEON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 115 FmEARUS. The principal products of establishments under this classification are rifles, revolvers, shotguns, pistols, and gun and pistol stocks. The statistics for this industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The decrease between 1879 and 1889 is due to changes in classification from "fire- arms" to "ammunition," as large concerns make great quantities of both kinds of products. In addition to the products covered by the table, firearms to the value of $14,453 in 1914 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries. FOUNDRY AND MACHINE-SHOP PEODTTCTS. The establishments assigned to this industry make a greater variety of products than those of any other industry among those distinguished in the census reports; yet, despite the comprehensiveness of the classification, no sharp line can be drawn between it and some of the others. A foundry is ordinarily defined as an establish- ment casting metal into various shapes, and a machine shop as an establishment using machine tools; that is, tools capable of cutting and shaping metals, particularly iron and steel.. Foundry and machine-shop processes are necessarily employed in con- nection with the manufacture of an enormous variety of products. Many estabhsh- ments placed under other census classifications use these processes, either mainly or largely, in the manufacture of their finished products. This is true, for example, in the automobile industry and in the agricultural-implement industry, and in the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. In many cases, however, estabhshments using foundry and machine-shop processes speciaUze, so that practically all of their output consists of some well-defined class of products. Where this is the case, and where the establishments thus specializing make all or the greater part of the class of products in question, the Census Bureau places them in a specific industry class, designated usually according to the nature or use of the product. On the other hand, there are many foundries and machine shops which make a great variety of products. Again, while there are certain estab- lishments using foundry and machine-shop processes which make exclusively a well- defined class of articles, large quantities of similar articles are made by other estab- lishments which also turn out quite different products. It is necessary, therefore, in order to avoid excessive overlapping in industry classifications, to establish a very broad group designated as "foundry and machine-shop products," which will take in, so far as possible, those branches of industry which use foundry and machine-shop processes, but which can not be clearly segregated. It is evident, however, that notwithstanding the comprehensiveness of the general classification "foundry and machine-shop products, " as constituted at the present census, there is a great deal of overlapping between it and other industries. The principal products reported on the manufacturers' schedule by estabUshments assigned to the foundry and machine-shop industry, are given in the list following, in which the attempt has been made to group the products according to the character of the industry in which they are utilized. Articles marked with an asterisk are some of those that are made more extensively by estabUshments assigned to other indus- tries than by establishments assigned to the foundry and machine-shop industry. Notwithstanding the great variety of articles named, the list is only partial and many products of importance do not appear at all, simply because they were not specifically mentioned on the schedule. Artesian-well tools . Balers, steel. Boilers , horizonta 1 and vertical . ♦Bolts. Brackets for street signs. Bronze and steel, interior trim. Buckets. Buoys. Cableways. Carousals or merry-go-rounds. Cars, industrial. Cash and package carriers. Cash-carrying devices. Centrifugal machines. Chain blocks. Chutes. Clamps. Clothes driers. Culverts, city. Dam and gate machinery. Dippers and dipper teeth. Dish- washing machinery. *Dry batteries. Dumb-waiters. Products intended for general use. Elevators, electric, hydraulic, and steam. ♦Elevator cables. Elevator gates. Extensible trench braces. Fasteners, corrugated joint. Filters. Filter presses. *Fire escapes. Flushing siphons. Fuel economizers. Furnaces, soldering. Galvanized troughs. Garbage burners. Garbage receptacles. *Gas regulators and burners. Gates, automatic safety. Gopher traps. Grate bars. Grates, fireplace. Grates, wall. Hangers, sliding-door. Hardware specialties. Heaters. Heat regulators. Heating torches. Horse-clipping machines. *Hose, metal. Hydrants. Hydraulic jacks. Icebreakers. Kindling-wood machinery. Land levelers. Land rollers. Laxmdry machinery. Lawn mowers. Lawn sprinklers. Letter boxes. Letter-canceling machines. Lifting jacks. Lightning rods. *Looks. ♦Locks, elevator. Metal weather strips. ♦Meters, water. *Nuts. ♦Organs for carousals. ♦Pipe. 116 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. *Pipe couplings, rubber-jointed. Pipe bangers. Plumb bobs. ♦Plumbers' supplies. Post-marking and check-indors- ing machinery. ♦Projectiles. Projecting apparatus for moving pictures. Pulleys. *Pumps, automobile. ''Pumps, hand. Purifying apparatus. ♦Pushcarts. ♦Kailroad frogs, crossing switches, etc. Regulators, damper. ♦Rivets. Road graders. Rollers, awning, spring. Sash weights. Savings banks, deed and bond boxes. Products intended for general use- Saw clamps. ♦Saws. ♦Scales. Scenic railways. ♦Scoops. Screens, coal. Screw jacks. Shooting galleries. Stamp aflixers. Steam rollers. Steam shovels. Steel wool. Sterilizing and disinfecting ap- paratus. ♦Stove castings. Swings, steel. Tackle blocks, wood and steel. Tanks, galvanized. Tanks, iron. Tanks, steel. Tape moisteners. Telephone arms and tablets. ■Continued. Tramways, overhead. Trimmers, tree and lawn- Troughs, iron. ♦Trucks. Tubes, pneumatic. Tubes, speaking. Turnbuckles. Vacuum cleaners. Vending machines. Ventilating fans and stacks - Ventilators, automatic fr^^th-air inlets for sewers. ♦Vises. ♦Washers^ cast-iron. ■Water-distilling apparatus. Water towers. Waterworks appliances. ♦Wheelbarrows, steel. ♦Window guards. Wireless apparatus, ♦Wire staples. ♦Wrenches. Machines and articles for use in the manufacture of food and kindred products. Almond hullers. Asparagus bunchers. Bakers* ovens. Bakery machinery. Barley-pearling machinery. Biscuit machinery. Bread cutters. Bread racks. Bread-wrapping machinery. Burs and bur machinery. Cake machinery . Candy machinery. Candy-wrappingmachinery. Cannery retorts. Carton sealers. Chocolate machinery and mills. Cider presses. Cocoa presses. Coconut-cutting machinery. Coffee grinders. Coffee-roasting machinery . Coffee separators. ♦Confectioners' tools. Corn poppers. Cracker cutters. ♦Dairy machinery . Dough breakers. Dough mixers. Dough troughs. Evaporators. Feed mills. Flour-mill machinery. Food-chopping machinery. Fruit-cleaning machinery. Fruit-drying machinery . Fruit- washing machinery. Gristmill machinery. Ice-cream freezers. Ice-cream makers' tools. Ice machinery and equipment . Kios cutters . Macaroni machinery. Machinery for grinding spices. Machines for making ice-cream cones . Millstones. Mustard-grinding mills- Olive graders. Peanut roasters. Fickle-sorting machinery. Pie-making machinery . Pie markers. Potato peelers. Refrigerating machinery. Rice-milling machinery. Sausage stuffers. Sifting outfits. Sirup gauges. Steamers. Sterilizers. Sugar machinery. Sugar-mill machinery. Vacuum pans. Winepresses. Yeast machinery. Bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing machinery. Bobbin holders. Braiding machinerj;. Card clothing machinery. ♦Carpet-sewing machinery. , Cloth-cutting machiaery (electric and other). Cloth-laying machinery. Cloth sponging machinery. Cloth stretchers and winders. Corset and fabric machinery. Cotton-finishing machinery. Crimping machinery. Cylinders and dials for knitting machinery. Dobby chains. Embroidery machines. Fluting machines. Machines for use in the textile iTiduMries. Hair pickers. Hat blocks. Hat-brim cutters. Hat lathes. Heddle frames. Hemp machinery. Knitting machinery, hosiery, underwear and other knit goods. Looms. Looping machinery. Machine wool combs. Mattress-machine tables. ♦Multiple needle sewing machines and parts. Pinking machinery. Plaiting machinery (accordion, side and box). Pressing machmery. Machines and articles for use in the manufacture of iron and steel and their products. Quillers. Reels. Rollers for watering ribbon. Ruching machinery. Ruffling machinery. Set frame attachments. Shuttles. Shuttle irons. Slitting and rewinding ma- chinery. Spindles, flyers, and spoolers. Spinner and twister rmgs. Textile machinery. Thread protectors. Twine and rope machinery. Warpers. Weaving machinery. Worsted machinery. Armealing boxes. Automatic screw machinery. Axle cutters. Barbed wire machinery. Bending machinery. Blast furnaces. Blowers. ♦Bolts, expansion. Boring mills. Bosh plates. Chilling machinery. Dies and rings for threading pipe. Drilling machinery. File machiaery. For^g presses. Fusible plugs. Gear wheels. Hammers, drop. Ingot moulds. Knife poliphing machinery. Machine gears. Machine keys. Machine vises and tables. Metal-working machinery. Milling machmes (vertical and horizontal). ♦Nickel-plated parts for stoves. Oxy-acetylene welding and cut- tmg machines. Pig-casting machines. Pipe threading and cutting off machinery. Presses, <^op. Presses, radial drill. Reafiiers. Rethreading pipe. Riveters. Rolls, chilled. Rolling-mill and steel works machinery. ♦Springs for all kinds of ma- chinery. ♦Steam specialties. ♦Steel, bar. ♦Steel, cold-drawn. Tack machinery. Taps. Thread protectors for steam and water mining tools. Tools, machine. ♦Tools, small. Tube-works machinery. Turning mills. Turret lathes. Tuyeres. Valves, encpne stop. Wire-bending machines. Wire-drawing machinery. Wire machinery parts. Wire nail machiaery. Wood-screw machinery. lEON AND STEEL AND THEIR PEODUCTS. 117 Machines for use in the manufacture of lumber and timber products. Band-saw machinery. Cooperage machinery. Cork-cutting machinery. Heading machines. Jointers. Knives tor woodworking ma- chines. Logging machinery. Naulceg stave macliinery. Planing machines. Saw benches. Saw-guard machinery. Sawmills. Shingle machiaes. Veneer basket machinery. Wood-boring machines. *Wood saws. Woodtuming lathte. Woodworking machinery. Machines for use in the manufacture of leather and Us finished products. Eyeletting machinery. ♦Hardware for sporting; shoes. Iveather belting machinery. Leather machiner5\ Perforating machinery. Punching machinery. Shoe machinery. Shoe raclrs. Shoe repairing machinery. Vamp folding machinery. Machines for use in the manufacture of paper and of articles from paper, and in the printing and publishing and allied industries. Automatic paper feeders. Bag machines. Banfe and check indorsing and stamping machinery. Bliie print copying machinery. Bookbinding macluuery. Book gathering machinery. Cigarette paper machinery. Confetti machinery. Creasing presses. Cutting presses. Disk rulers. Electrotyping machinery. Embossing presses. ITngi'aving machinery. Envelope machines. Envelope sealing machinery. Hand printing machines. Iron rolls for paper mills. Label machinery. Lithographing and printing roll- ers. Match-box machinery. Monogram presses. Numbering machines. Paging machinery. Paper-box machinery. Paper cutters. Paper-folding machinery. Paper and pulp mill machinery. Paper macerators. Paper machinery apphances. Paper towel machinery. Perforators for bookbinders and printers. Photo-engraving machinery. Pin ticketing machinery. Plate printing presses. Post marldng machinery. Presses, printing. Printers' form trucks. Printing press gauges. Roller mold machinery. Ruling machines. Sheet cutters. Sheet feeding machinery. Tablet binding machines. Ticket presses. Type-casting machines. Typesetting and type-casting machines. Type-embossing machines. Typesetting machines. Wall paper cutting machines. Wire-stitching machines. Machines and other products for use in the manufaelure of liquors and beverages. Beer coil cleaners. Bottle-filhng machines. Bottlestoppers and attachments. Bottling tables. Brewing apparatus. Gas and air mixing machines. Grain driers. Hop-separating machinery. Keg-elevating machinery. Matt-cleaning machinery. Malt mills. Worms. Machines and devices for use in the manufacture of chemicals and allied products. Ammonia machinery and fit- tings. Bark-grinding machines. Bone cutters. Candle machinery. Carbonating machinery. Chemical plant machinery. Disinfecting apparatus. Electrolytic cells for the manu- facture of gas. Exhausters, gas. Gas machinery. Gas-main stoppers. Glue machinery. Glycerin machinery. Grease extractors. Grinding mills for paints and fertilizers. *Oil and gasoline measuring pumps. Oil refining stills. Patnt-mill machinery. Powder-mill machinery. Printing-ink machinery. Soap machines. Machines and supplies for use in the manufacture of stone, clay, and glass products. Brick machinery. Brick clamps, molds and presses. Cement machinery. Clay-worMng machinery. Drill sharpeners. Drier cars. Emery grinding machinery. Emery-wheel stands. Furnaces, pottery and melting. Glass cutting and polishing ma- chinery.' Glass-house machinery. Grinding aud mixing pans. Grinding mills for cement and plaster of Paris. Limekilns. Marble and stone working ma- chinery. Pneimiatic stone-working tools and machinery. Pulverizing machinery lor stone and cement. Rock drills. Sand-blast machinery. Sand crushing, grinding and washing machinery. Steel abrasives for grinding and cutting stone, marble, and glass. Steel ladles for glass plants. Turning lathes for glass cutters. Machines and materials for use in the manufacture of metals and metal products other than iron and steel. Apparatus for autogenous weld- ing and cutting. Arbor presses. Cataract-bench lathes. Cushion power hammers. Galvanizmg kettles. Insulated wire inachinery . Insulating machinery. Jewelers' loot presses . Jewelers 'lathes. Magnetic separators . Pneumatic power hammers. Sheet-metal working tools. Sheet-metal ornaments. Silversmlthing machinery. Stamping presses. Steel stamping dies tor metal. Turners' tools and machines. Watchcase machines. Watch makers' tools. Machines for use in the manufacture of tobacco. Cigar-bunching machines. Cigar-bunching tables. Cigar cutters. Cigar-moid presses. Cigarette-making machines. Cigarette paper-tube machinery. Cigarette tipping machinery. Machines for packing cigarettes. Tobacco machinery . Tobacco-packing machinery. Tobacco-slicing machinery. Wrapper-rolling suction tables. 118 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. MacMnes and materials for use in the manufacture of vehicles for land transport'ition and by railroad repair Air brakes. Automatic fire doors for locomo- tives. Automobile castings and sup- plies. Automobile starters. Automobile tire pumps. Brake beams. Car axle boxes. Car fenders. Car roofs and doors. Car wbeels. Carburetors. Industrial cars. Locomotive bell-ringers. Locomotive fire boxes . Railroad inspection motor car^. Sbock absorbers. Snow guards. Street railway signals. Switching apparatus. Train control and signal apparst- tus. Uncoupling devices. MacMnes and devices for use in building and equipping ships. Anchor hoists. Capstans. Clamps, beam. Donkey boilers. Lifeboat lifters and launchers . ♦Marine gas and oil engines. Marine hardware. . Marine reversing gears. Motor boat specialties. Propeller shafts. Propeller wheels . Sounding machines. Windlasses. Machines and appliances for use in the manufacture of the miscellaneous group {excluding shipbuilding). Adding machine stands. Addressing machines and sup- plies. Asphalt machinery. Benders and formers for base- ball masks. Broom-handle lathes. Broom machinery. Brushing machinery. Button-covering machines. Button dies and cutters. Clipping machines. Coke-oven machinery. Comb machines. Concrete mixers. Demonstrating machinery. Excavating machinery. Folding box gluers. Furriers' machinery. *Gun sights. Hair drying machinery. Linoleum printing machinery. Metal furnishings for artificial limbs. Molding and picture frame ma- chinery. Molding machine cutters. *Nickel-plated parts for piano actions. Oscillating-fan bases. Paint-brush machinery. Pearl-button machinery. Piano actions. *Piano and piano player hard- ware. Piano pedals. Power washing machines. Pulley molding machinery. Rubber working machinery. Scaffolding machinery. *Spiral needles. Steel rule bending and rule cut- ting machinery. *Switchboaids. Tunneling machinerj^. Window-shade machinery. Wire stitchers. Products intended for use in manufactures in general. Ash ejectors. Bearings, oilless, Journal. Belt lacing machmery. Bends. Blowers. *Bolts, expansion. Bottle washers and cleaners. Chaplets.' Circular knife grinders. Clutches. Compressors, air and gas. Concrete and core sand mixers. Condensers. Couplings, belt. Cranes, traveling. Crank shafts. Cutter heads. Cylinders, gas. Derricks. Dies. Digesters. Electric cranes and hoists. Emery grinders. Exhaust-fans. Extracting machinery. Fireplaces and fittings. *Cars, stripping and mine. Coal and ore handling equip- ment. Coal washers. Cob crushers. Drilling and finishing rods. Drills, mining. Mine car wheels. Com planters. Cotton gins. Cranberry separators. Cultivators. Grain drills. Grain separators. Harrows. Flanges. Flexible shafting. Friction clutches. Filling and capping machines. Grindstone frames. Hand hoists. Humidifying and moistening ap- paratus. ♦Hydraulic pumps. H ydro-extr actors . Jigs. Ladles. Limekiln tops. Lubricators. Mailing machinery. Marking machinery. Nailing machines. Pasting devices. Piston pins. ♦Plate iron. Pulleys, hangers, and collars. Pulverizing and separating ma- chinery. Pump governors. Punches, dies, and tools. Purifying apparatus. Products intended for use in mining. Mine ventilator fans. Mining machinery. Oil filters. Oil-well rods and tools. Ore and phosphate washing ma- chinery. Pumping heads for pumping oil wells with compressed air. Products intended for use in agriculture. Hay balers. Hay hooks. *Hay presses. Hay stackers. Irrigation pipes and tanks. ♦Lime spreaders. Saw filing and setting machines. Shavings and dust-handling sys- tems. Sleeves. Smokestacks. ♦Springs and flexible metal tub- ing. Sprocket wheels. ♦Steam valves. Sterilizers. Stokers, automatic. Street-cleaning machines and im- plements. Transmission machinery. Tube stoppers. Twist drills and cutters. Ventilating and drymg machin- , ery, ♦Water wheels. Welding appliances. Wheels, rope. Wheels, worm. Winding and measuring ma- chinery. Wiling tools. Riddles. Roasting furnaces. Rock crushers. Slate pickers. Tipples. Wagons, small coal. Plowpoints. Plowshares. ♦Plows, walkir^, ♦Potato diggers. ♦Presses, baling. Wood cutters. lEON ATJD STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 119 There is a tendency to specialize in some of the machine-shop products, and it has been the endeavor at each census to segregate the totals so as to give separate statistics tor the establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of well-defined products. Thus the manufacture of locomotives and of stoves and furnaces which were included as foundry and machine-shop products for 1899 and previous censuses, cast-iron pipe, which was included for 1904 and prior thereto, and engines, power pumps, and auto- mobile repairing which had been included prior to 1914 are now shown as separate industries. At the census of 1909 the following classifications were combined and the total given as foundry and machine-shop products: "Bells," "foundry and machine-shop prod- ucts," "gas machines and gas and water meters," "hardware," "hardware, saddlery," "iron and steel pipe, cast," "plumbers' supplies," "steam fittings and heating appa- ratus, ' ' and ' ' structural ironwork. ' ' The products of all of these industries are closely allied to foundry and machine shops, and there is considerable overlapping among them. Therefore, in order to preserve the comparison, a similar combination has been made for 1914 and the statistics are given in the following table: Tatole 74 rouNDK-s AND MACHINE-SHOP PRODUCTS. CENSUS YEAK. Number of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 17,027 13,253 10, 765 11,046 8,075 5,909 564,610 631,011 443,409 426,985 286,863 171,300 1,129,768 869,305 606, 165 443,085 245,090 100, 150 $1,846,349 1,514,332 1,034,135 790,741 463,763 178, 457 $376,676 321, 621 246, 573 219,870 159,116 76,729 $592,989 540,011 367, 412 363, 036 219,343 121,709 $1,373,309 1,228,475 880, 514 798, 454 619,556 252,685 $780,320 1909 688,464 1904 613, 102 1899 > 435, 418 1889 300,213 1879 130,976 'Includes "locomotives, not made by railroad companies" and "stoves and furnaces not including gas and oil stoves" in 1899. The foundry and machine-shop industry, as defined for the census of 1914, does not include any of the other industries enumerated above that have been segregated and for which separate totals are given. Table 67 (p. 96) presents statistics for the three main branches of the foundry and machine-shop industry, namely, "boiler shops." "foundries," and "machine shops," which also includes machine shops and foundries combined. , , , , . , . , To assist in a further segi-egation of the totals for the foundry and machme-shop indus- try a special schedule was used at the census of 1914 to collect statistics for the value of the different kinds of machinery manufactured. This schedule was used as far as possible to collect data from all machine shops. MACHINERY. The statistics for establishments engaged in the manufacture of machinery, except in the case of machines that are the subject of special industries, are included under ' ' foundry and machine-shop- products. ' ' These establishments reported the value of specified classes of machinery, conforming to the classification adopted for exports of domestic merchandise, and Table 75 gives the data thus secured m comparison with exports for 1914 as classified by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Department of Commerce. It is not to be assumed that the amounts reported cover in all cases the entire production, for it is possible that m some cases machinery spe- cifically called for was not reported separately. Some machinery is capable of use in a number of different industries, and manufacturers were not always able to designate the industry using it. Further, it will be understood that the machinery reported under a specific title, tor example "shoe machinery" or "textile machmery," does not embrace the entire machinery equipment of a shoe factory or a textile mill, includ- in.' power-generating machinery, etc., but only that of the character named. 120 CENSUS OP MANUFACTUEES • 1914. Table 75 CENSUS OF 1914. Number of estab- lish- ments. Value. Exports, 1914- TotQl.. Adding and calculating machines Air compressing machinery Bakers' machinery Bottlers' machinery Brewers' machinery Brick, pottery^ and other clay-working maCiHncry.. Cannery macliinery Cash registers and parts of Concrete mixers Cotton gins Cranes . Dairy machinery and apparatus: Cream separators AH other Elevators and elevator machinery Engines: 3 Electric locomotives Internal combustion Steam — Locomotives All other (marine, stationarj^ and tractiun) All other Parts of Excavating machinery (including dredges and steam shovels) Glass-making machinery Laundry machines: Power machines All other Lawn mowers Leather machinery Metal-working machinery: Machine tools All other Meters, gas and water Milling machinery (flour and grist) Mining machinery: Oil-well machinery AH other Oil-mill machinery Paper and I)ulp mill machinery Paper-working machinery : Printing presses Printing and bookbinding machinery (other than printing presses) Pumps and pumping machinery Refrigerating machinery (including ice-making machinery) Road-making machinery Rubber machinery Sewing machines Shoe machinery Sugar-mill machinery Textile machinery Typesetting machines, linotype and other Typewriting machines Vacuum cleaners Windmills Woodworking machinery: Sawmill machinery All other All other machinery and parts ol, etc 42 213 10 549 243 52 21 30 73 35 22 27 409 277 40 101 127 153 20 104 35 56 298 73 31 14 48 72 42 241 10 53 39 50 182 196 1S14, 7:ji,455 6, 158, 121 2, 551, 703 1, 358, 625 3, 881, 554 2, 438, 881 1,305,786 1 15, 935, 069 2, 956, 058 4, 901, 680 i, 194, 457 18,663,575 1 4, 334, 799 17, 228, 101 4,316,172 54, 250, 421 39, 043, 359 30, 498, 638 3, 633, 008 1 12, 656, 537 2, 968, 965 1, 090, 726 6, 135, 321 1, 429, 958 2, 848, 119 1, 066, 939 31,446,660 17, 419, 526 1 11, 638, 074 5, 017, 761 10, 669, 483 13, 253, 634 1, 878, 228 6,811,141 1, 777, 086 8, 396, 508 3, 197, 319 1 27, 456, 916 10, 622, 322 3, 545, 272 2, 725, 897 1 21, 710, 643 5, 949, 300 « 1, 971, 543 30, 437, 689 7, 634, 631 1 20, 516, 532 2, 058, 524 1 5, 842, 778 6, 303, 920 7, 088, 980 S91, 818, 664 1, 177, 751 388,870 C) C) 191,272 (') 3,267,829 (') 102,188 (.') 304, 191 1, 057, 709 606,032 5,307,626 2,480,882 829, 744 704,006 2. 722, 975 347,596 448,242 376, 187 14,841,380 6 165, 128 893,268 7,216,445 604,553 (.') 1,937,056 2, 939, 734 570, 820 m h 8, 658, 762 1,140,228 1,814,137 1,308,048 1, 521, 034 7,673,145- 1, 085, 730 460, 548 894, 867 17, 880, 691 1 Includes value of all products of establishments engaged primarily ui the manufacture of the machines specified. 2 Not reported separately. 3 Does not include engines made as component parts of other machinery and not reported separately, nor the automobile engines made and installed by the manufacturers of the complete machines. < Exclusive of parts manufactured by establishments not engaged in making complete engines. 6 Figures cover period beginning July 1. 8 The amount reported includes, presumably, only machinery specially designed for sugar mills and not otherwise available, and does not include large amounts of sugar-mill equipment, such as boilers, tanks, kettles, etc., which may be included in the figures for exports. IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 121 GAS MACHINES AND GAS AND WATER METERS. The principal products manufactuied by the establishments in this industry are acetylene and gasoline gas machines or generators; gas meters for stations at gas w-orks and tor consumers; meters for the measurement of water and other liquids photom- eters, cajburetors, gaa holders, gas producers, and incidentally various other appa- ratus andapphances, such as meter testers, gauges, guards, pump governors relief valves, injectors, regulators and siphons. ' T ^i^l\^*l^^ /^®„?\T^ ^? '^4^® 223 (p. 629) for each census from 1869 to 1914, inclusive In I able 67 (p. 96) the data for 1914 are divided into three groups, showing those manu- factiirmg gas meters and water meters;" those making "gas machines " and those making all other" products of this classification. The establishments 'are classified according to their product of chief value. At the census of 1849 two establishments reported the manufacture of gas meters to the value of $114,000. Gas machines to the value of $167,057 were reported by manufacturers of gas and water meters, and to the value of $87,024 by establishments in other industries. HARDWARE. The products manufactured by establishments in this classification include auto- mobile, coach, and carriage hardware; buildiers' and cabinet hardware; car and rail- way hardware; casket hardware; furniture, drapery, upholstery, trunk, and suit- case hardware; kitchen and household hardware; marine hardware; piano, piano- player, and organ hardware; plumbers' hardware; refrigerator hardware; shoe hard- ware ; theatrical stage hardware ; post-ofiice equipment ; and stationery findings. Many of these lines are extensive, embracing a great variety of specific articles. There is more or less overlapping between the manufacture of hardware and other branches of industry, such as "hardware, saddlery," "cutlery and edge tools," "tools, not elsewhere specified," "h-on and steel forgings," and "foundry and machine-shop products," but the data reported are not sufficiently explicit to permit any state- ment or estimate of the amount of such overlapping. Comparative statistics for the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclu- sive, are presented in Table 223 (p. 634). In 1914 the statisti cs were shown under three groups , the establishments being classi- fied according_ to their product of chief value, as manufacturing "locks," "hinges and other builders' hardware," and "all other" hardware. (See Table, 67, p. 96.) Locks to the value of $10,026 were reported by manufacturers of builders'^hard- ware, and to the value of $68,578 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally machine shops, and "electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies." Hinges and other builders' hardware to the value of $1,250,948 were reported as made by manufacturers of locks, and to the value of $222,151 by establishments as- signed to other industries. HARDWARE, SADDLERY. The products manufactured by establishments under this classification are the differ- ent articles of hardware used in connection with the manufacture of saddlery and harness. These include buckles, buckle tongues, terrets, snaps, chains, bridle iron, bits, spurs, stirrups, neck yokes, hame fasteners, and other mountings, and ornaments of all descriptions. There is considerable overlapping between this and the general hardware industry. Statistics for each census from 1869 to 1914. inclusive, are given in Table 223. Saddlery hardware to the value of $242,739 was reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally foundry and machine-shop products, while a small amount was reported by manufacturers of builders' hardware. LOCOMOTIVES, NOT MADE BY RAILROAD COMPANIES. This classification includes the manufacture of steam locomotives of all varieties, some of them geared for use in logging camps and on hill-climbing tracks, also com- pressed-air locomotives for use in mines. Some electric locomotives are also made by plants assigned to this classification, but others are made by those in the electrical- machinery and electric-railway car industries. The manufacture of tractors for farm and road use are not included, but are shown in connection with "engines, steam, gas, and water," in Table 73. The industry was first presented separately in 1904, having been previously asso- ciated with "foundry and machine-shop products." General statistics for the last three census periods are given in Table 223. 122 CENSUS OF MANXJFACTUKES : 1914. In addition to the products of establishments assigned to this classification, steam- railroad repair shops in 1914 btult 187 locomotives valued at 13,594,003 as compared with 215 locomotives valued at $3,289,140 in 1909. ORDNAKCE Aim ACCESSOBtES. This classification includes cannon and artillery and their mounts- apparatus per- taining to cannon and artillery; and ammunition, such as shot and shells for cannon and artillery. Among the products reported are guns, mounts, and sights, torpedo tubes, seacoast and mobile artillery cannon, subcaliber guns, shrapnel cases, fuse hole plugs, projectiles and bushings and caps for projectiles, gun carriages, targets and target materials, field and siege carriages, infantry, cavalry, and artillery equip- ment, seacoast targets, ammunition trucks, etc. Only two establishments besides those operated by the Government reported the manufacture of ordnance and acces- sories in 1914, and these are included in "all other industries." (See Table 156.) Armor plates, gun forgings, and ordnance to the value of $20,070,470 were reported by steel works and rolling mills and by manufacturers of ammunition. FENS. The manufacture of pens is covered by three classifications, namely, "fountain and stylographic," "gold," and "steel pens." The following table gives for 1914 the total of the three groups, aa well as the separate data for each. TaUle 76 Number of establishments , Wage earners (average number) Capital Wages Cost of materials Value of products Value added by manufacture (value of products less cost of materials) PENS, 1914. Total. 72 1,973 $4,548,638 1,134,785 2,033,151 8,021,033 5.987,882 Fountain and stylograpMc. 55 1,154 $3,269,809 717,533 1,614,145 6,865,074 5,250,929 Gold. 12 246 $408,228 174,209 301,893 642,461 340,668 Steel. 5 573 $870,601 243,043 117,113 613,498 396,385 Pens, Steel. — Establishments included in this classification manufacture princi- pally steel and metallic writing pens, other than gold. The statistics for the indus- try from 1869 to 1914 are presented in Table 223 (p. 670). In addition to the products covered by the table, steel pens to the value of $160,068 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to "pencils, lead," "cutlery and edge tools," and "foundry and machine-shop products." PLTTMBERS' SUPPLIES, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. The statistics of establishments manufacturing principally bath and laundry tubs, bathroom closets and washbowls, kitchen and pantry sinks, bathroom and laundry fittings of all description, flush valves, faucets, pipe hangers, tanks, cabinets, shower baths, seats, and kindred products, are included in this classification. Statistics for each census from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 674). In addition to the products covejed by the table, enameled bath tubs and enameled lavatories and sinks, to the value of $578,002, were assigned to the "stamped and enameled ware" industry. Plumbers' supplies to the value of $1,202,897 in 1914, were also reported as a sub- sidiary product by establishments assigned to other classifications. The total value of plumoers' supphes made in 1914 amounted to $45,166,787. PUMPS. STEAM AND OTHER POWER. The principal products of this classification are steam and other power pumps. Prior to 1914 this industry was included in foundry and machine-shop products. The statistics are divided into two subclasses, (1) steam pumps, and (2) other power pumps, classified according to the product of chief value, and data for each is given in Table 67 (p. 96). The general statistics for the industry, by states, are shown for 1914 in Table 223. Steam pumps to the value of $111,382 were reported by establishments manu- facturing other power pumps, and to the value of $610,387 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "engines, steam, gas, and water," and "foundry ■ and machine-shop products." IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 123 "Other power" pumps to the value of $132,430 were reported by manufacturers of steam pumps, and to the value of $610,254 by establishments assigned to other claasi- fications, principally "pumps, not including power pumps," and "windmills." PTTMPS, NOT IirCLTrDING 'POWER PUMPS. Puiyps of all descriptions, except such as are operated by power, are made by establishments included in this claasification. Only a comparatively small number are made of wood. Hand pumps of the suction and chain-and-bucket types pre- dominate, but air pumps are also included. Classified according to use, there are automobile and bicycle pumps, beer pumps, cistern pumps, pumps for wells, oil pumps, spray pumps and spraying machinery, vacuum pumps, vmegar-barrel pumps, etc. Statistics for the industry for each census from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are eiven in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, establishments assigned to "pumps, steam and other power," "windmills," "stamped and enameled ware," "agricultural implements, and "foundry and machine-shop products," and other industries, reported pumps to the value of $1,577,655 in 1914 and $1,380,377 in 1909. The decrease in the industry from 1889 to 1899, as shown by the statistics in Table 223, is probably due, in part, to the changes in the classification of certain individual establishments, the change being due to differences in the chief product. Pumps are also manufactured in foundries and machine shops, and by manufacturers of agricultural implements, and those industries may have covered a larger part of the production in 1899 than in 1889. Also, prior to 1899, neighborhood ind^istries and hand trades were included and wooden pumps were doubtless made in some of these small establishments. SAFES AND VAULTS. The principal products of establishments included in this classification are fire and burglar proof safes for banks, offices, and residences; vaults, chests, electric burglar alarms, and safe-deposit boxes; vault doors and liuings; safe locks; and steel burial vaults. In 1914 separate statistics are given for "safes" and for "vaults," each establishment being classified according to its product of chief value. (See Table 67.) Statistics for the industry are shown for each census from 1859 to 1914, inclusive in Table 223 (p. 682). There is considerable overlapping between the two subgroups, vaults to the value of $691,557 being reported by manufacturers of safes, while safes to the value of $242,854 were reported by establishments manufacturing vaults, and to the value of $107,743 by establishments assigned to other classifications. SCALES AND BALANCES. The products of establishments included in this classification are scales of all descriptions — stationary and portable, light and heavy, spring and beam, counter and platform — cheese cutters and meat-slicing machines, and weighing machinery. Many of the scales and weighing machines have automatic computing devices. Coin- controlled mechanisms for weighing, micrometers, and scale parts are likewise made by the establishments included in this classification. The statistics for the industry from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223 (p. 684). In addition to the products covered by the table, scales and balances to the value of $326,066 in 1914 and of $118,125 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "foundry and machine-shop products," "cutlery and edge tools," "carriages and wagons," and "agricultural implements." SCKEWS,. MACHINE. The products of establishments under this classification include all kinds of screws of milled iron, steel, brass, and copper for use in the manufacture of machinery, of chemical, electrical, and other scientific instruments, and in metal work generally; and also incidentally a considerable production of bolts, studs, rods, rivets, collars, pins, rolls, and washers. Screws for use in wood are not included. Statistics for the industry from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 685). In addition to the products covered by the table, machine screws to the value of $815,949 in 1914 and of $939,456 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "screws, wood," "foundry and machine-shop products," and "iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills." 124 CENSUS OP MANUFACTXTEES : 1914. SCREWS, WOOD. The establishments included in this classification manufacture principally steel, brass, and bronze screws for use in wood. Such products as bolts, nuts, and rivets were also reported in some instances. • The statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 685). In addition to the products covered by the table, wood screws to the value of $.355,542 in 1914 and of $442,005 in 1909 were reported by establishments assiiped to the industries — "hardware, locks," "iron and steel bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets," and "needles and pins and hooks and eyes." • SEWING MACHINES, CASES, AND ATTACHMENTS. This classification includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of sewing machines and attachments and those making sewing-machine cases. Separate sta- tistics were compiled for these two industries, and are given in the following table, together with the total of the two combined. As the products of the second industry are used as materials by the first, there is considerable duplication in the combined value of products. Number of establishments Wage earners (average number) Capital Wages Cost of materials Value of products Value added by manufacture (value of products less cost of materials) SEWING MACHINES, CASES, AND ATTACHMENTS: 1914. 50 18, 007 $40, 891, 777 11, 091, 024 10, 199, 445 27, 237, 580 17, 038, 135 Sewing machines and attachments. 46 14, 308 $34, 466, 624 8, 860, 843 7, 358, 664 21, 391, 917 14, 033, 253 Sewing- machine cases. 86,425,153 2, 230, 181 2, 840, 781 5,845,063 3,004,882 Sewing macMnes and attachments. — The products of establishments in this classi- fication are the many varieties of sewing machines, foot and power, tor family and factory use, and for sewing leather as well as cloth. Attachments, heads, and other parts and accessories are also included. Statistic^ for the industry for each census from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223 (p. 685). . Table 67 gives separate totals for establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of complete machines and of attachments, respectively. Attachments and parts of sewing machines are also made in some of the establishments included in the classification of "foundry and machine-shop products." STEAM FITTINGS AND STEAM AND HOT-WATEH HEATING APPARATUS. Kstablishments included in this industry manufacture principally steam and hot- water radiators, safety valves, engine indicators, pressure and vacuum gauges, water fauges, hydrants and cocks, coils and bends of iron, brass and copper pipe, unions and anges, and similar fittings. The manufacture of stoves and furnaces, including, doubtless, some hot-water heaters, is classified as a separate industry. There is con- siderable overlapping with the foundry and machine-shop industry and with other industries. The principal statistics for each census from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are shown in Table 223 (p. 694). Because of changes in the method of classification, the figures for 1889 are not closely comparable with those for later censuses. Table 67 (p. 96) presents separate data for 1914 for the two branches of the indus- try — " radiators and cast-iron heating boilers," and "all other" steam fittings, estab- lishments being classified according to product of chief value. Radiators and cast-iron heating boilers to the value of 150,982 were reported by makers of other steam fittings.and to the value of $1 ,482,532 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally stoves and hot-air furnaces, structural ironwork, tools, electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, and plumbers' supplies, not else- where specified. "All other '[ steam fittings to the value of $2,414 were reported by makers of radiar tors and cast-iron boilers, and to the value of $53,873 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally foundry and machine-shop products. IRON AND STEEL AND THEIK PKODTJCTS. 125 STOVES AND HOT-AIR FURNACES. The principal products manufactured by the establishments in this industry are cast-iron and sheet-iron and wrought-steel stoves, ranges, and furnaces, for cooking or heating. Fireless cookers, evaporating furnaces and auxiliary heaters, marine ranges, ventilating heaters, laundry clothes dryers, and furnace and stove parts are also among the products. The classification "steam fittings and steam and hot-water heating apparatus," covers establishments which manufacture hot- water, steam and combination heaters, and radiators. Prior to 1904 stoves and furnaces were included with "foundry and machine-shop products." Statistics for the industry for 1904 1909, and 1914 are given in Table 223 (p. 695). In 1914 separate data for "stoves and ranges," "hot-air furnaces," and "fireless cookers" were compiled and are presented in Table 67 (p. 96). _ Stoves and ranges to the value of 11,392,953 were reported by establishments as- signed to other classifications, principally gas and oil stoves, while a small amount was reported by manufacturers of furnaces. Hot-air furnaces to the value of $1,907,712 were reported as made by manufacturers of stoves and ranges, and to the value of $390,533 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "foundry and machine-shop products," "copper, tin, and sheet- iron work," and "plumbers' supplies, not elsewhere specified." Fireless cookers to the value of $77,785 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, namely, "stoves, gas and oil," "agricultural implements," "clocks," and "hardware, locks." In 1909 stoves and hot-air furnaces to the value of $1,184,855 were reported by other industries. STOVES, GAS AMD OIL. All kinds of gas, oil, alcohol, acetylene, and gasoline stoves, ranges, heaters, burners, and furnaces are manufactured by the establishments included in this industry. Asbestos fireplace gas burners, natural-gas stoves and ranges, vapor stoves, and hot plates and sadirons heated with alcohol or other fuel burned internally are also among the products. Statistics for the censuses from 1889 to 1914 are presented in Table 223. In addition to the products shown in Table 223, gas and oil stoves to the value of $2,225,015 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally stoves and ranges, steam fittings, machine shops, and others. COOKING AND HEATING APPARATUS. The following table gives the value of product of the various classes of cooking and heating apparatus: Tatole 78 INDUSTET and SUBCLASSmCATION. Value of products. Total Stoves and hot-air furnaces; Stoves and ranges ■ Hot-air furnaces Fireless cookers Stoves, gas and oil Steam fittings and steam and hot-water heating apparatus— radiators and cast-u-on heating boilers Electrical machinery, apparatus and supplies: Stoves and ranges , Miscellaneous cooking devices Air heaters Flatixons $116,684,618 55,108,468 12,080,919 751, 719 21,448,932 23,476,747 671,413 1,327,183 352, 617 1,466,620 TIN PLATE AND TERNEPLATE. The tin plate made by establishments included in this classification consists of thin plates or sheets of iron or steel— mainly steel— dipped into molten tin and thus brightly coated. It is used extensively in the manufacture of cans in which vegetables, fruits, and other foods are packed, and in the making of household utensils. Terne or dull plate consists also of plates of iron or steel, but these are coated with an alloy of tin and lead and used largely for roofing, being therefore known also as roofing plate. The process of manufacture as a whole includes the rolUng of the steel plates, called black plates, and the dipping of these plates in tin or terne mixture, but the rolling branch of the business can not be segregated from the other business of rolling mills. Most of the dipping business is done by the dipping departments of rolhng mills, but the data for such departments have been segregated and are included in the statistics here presented Such departments in 1914 constituted 28 of the 31 estabhshments covered 126 CENStrS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. by Table 79. The tin-plate industry in the United States dates from 18D1, practically the entire domestic market prior to that year having been supplied by imports. The statistics for the number of establishments, the materials, and products of the tin and terneplate industry, together with the consumption,, imports, and exports and the equipment of the mills are given in the following table. Separate statistics for the tin-plate industry were first shown at the census of 1899. Comparative sta- tistics for the industry for 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914 are given in Table 223 (p. 699). Tatole 79 TIN PLATE AXD TERNEPLATE. 1914 1899 Number of establislaments Rolling black plate and dipping Tin-plate and terneplate dipping only Number making tin plate . i Number making terneplate MATERIALS. Totalcost Black plates or sheets: 2 Pounds Steel Iron - Cost Steel Iron Produced by the establishment re- porting— Pounds Assigned cost Purchased— Pounds Cost Pig tin: Pounds Cost Piglead: Founds Cost Terne mixture (purchased) : Pounds Cost Total tin and lead, including contents of terne mixtui-e purchased, pounds Tin Lead All other materials, including plates for re- dipping, fuel, and rent of power PE0DTICT3. Total value Tin plate and terneplate: I'ounds Valuvj Tin plate- Pounds Value Coke plate — Pounds Value Charcoal plate — Pounds Value Terneplate— Pounds Value All other products, including plates re- dipped, stamped ware, dross, scrufl scrap, etc CONSUMPTION. Hetamed for consumption, pounds Of domestic origin (production less exports) Of foreign origin (imports less reex- ports) «43 129 57 35 22 150 143 S57,906,561 $41, 889, 434 331, 375, 714 S26, 728, 150 2, 107, 787, 589 2, 101, 578, 620 < 6, 203, 969 J39, 803, 656 J39, 597, 122 $206, 533 2,054,536,669 $39,336,112 23,250,920 $468, 643 36, 542, 881 $14,167,237 2,269,160 $94, 024 6,618,211 $783, 546 45,430,252 38, 049, 636 7, 380, 616 $3, 058, 099 s $68, 342, 962 1,321,071,691 1,312,345,153 8, 726, 538 $28,981,151 $28,884,237 $96,914 1,291,048,109 $28,245,234 30,023,582 $735,917 28,986,267 $8, 490, 794 2,708,496 $117, 666 9, 632, 996 $1,061,587 40, 927, 759 31,077,661 9, 860, 108 $3,238,246 5 $47, 969, 645 1,019,608,657 1,018,575,390 1, 033,.267 $22, 992, 006 $22,961,416 $30,591 943,798,583 $21,154,388 75,810,074 $1,837,618 32,445,104 $7,076,722 32,445,104 24,243,851 8,201,253 $1,307,986 $35,283,360 '2,053,966,144 = $66,270,345 1,901,331,896 $60,258,024 1,855,892,526 $58,450,863 45,439,369 $1, 807, 171 162,634,249 $6,012,321 $2,072,617 1,954,948,295 1,920,676,896 34, 371, 399 1,315,313,132 $46,815,146 1, 123, 968, 875 $38,259,885 m b) 191,344,267 $7,666,261 '$2,154,499 1,462,387,579 1,322,209,898 140, 177, 681 1,026,384,851 $34, 549, 543 867,626,985 $28,429,971 (') (.•>) m m 158,857,866 $6,119,572 '$733,817 1,173,329,667 1,015,249,365 158,080,312 827,915,599 (') h $20,668,848 m 27,164,268 $4,927,090 27,154,258 20,282,778 6,871,480 $1,132,212 $31,892,011 849,004,0r3 $31,284,145 707, 718,^39 $26,563,011 141,285,783 $5,731,124 ' $607, 866 981,297,455 849, 706, 880 131,591,575 See footnotes. on p. 127. IRON AND STEEL AND THEIB PRODUCTS. 127 Tatolo 79— Continued. TIN PLATE ANB TERNEPLATE, 1914 19M 1S99 EQUIPMENT.' Tin plate or temeplate dipping sets at end of yeav: Number Usually employed on tin plate Usually employed on temeplate . . . Daily capacity, single turn, pounds . . . Tin plate Temeplate Number of establishments operating on — Single turn Double turn Triple turn Black-plate department : . Hot black-plate mills at end of year- Number Annual capacity on triple turn, tons (2,240 pounds) 693 615 78 3,868,000 3,454,000 414,000 6 S 21 393 1,497,000 673 455 118 2,840,000 2,076,000 764,000 5 10 16 335 1,042,000 619 499 120 3,454,000 2,887,000 567, 000 m m m 315 707,000 683 2,733,000 2,001,000 729, 000 m (») 1332 041,000 1 InoludeSidle establishments. 2 No black plates of foreign manufacture in 1914 and 1909; in 1904, 83,900 pounds.costing 83,769; in 1899, 2,368,607 pounds, costing $78,282. 3 Figures not available. * Comprises 5,347,540 pounds of charcoal iron and 861,429 pounds of other iron. s In addition in 1914, 1 establishment engaged primarily in another branch of manufacture, made some temeplate; and, in 1909, 3 similar establishments produced 8,389,200 pounds of tin-plate and temeplate products, valued at $398,143. « Includes 6,114,890 pounds of iron plate, valued at $358,828; balance steel. ' Includes valueofothersheetiron or sheetsteeltinned or temeplated, taggers tin, eto.;for 1909, 19,400,934 pounds, value $520,465; 1904, 6,555,855 pounds, value $217,476; 1899, 1,000,473 pounds, value $86,492. ' Includes for 1914, 1909, and 1904 the equipment of the few establishments m other industries that made tin plate or temeplate as an intermediate or secondary product. TOOLS AND CUTLERY. The statistics for the manufacture of tools and cutlery are shown for four classes of establishments: (1) Cutlery and edge tools; (2) files; (3) saws; and (4) tools, not else- where specified. Cutlery and edge tools. — ^The principal products of establishments included in this industry are table and other cutlery, such as the edge tools used chiefly by car- penters, lumbermen, shoemakers, tanners, ciuriers, and other workers in wood and leather. Establishments making saws and files as their principal product are classified separately. The table cutlery includes steel knives, knife blanks, and forks, but does not include silver-plated ware. Other cutlery includes penknives and jack- Icnives, vegetable parers and slicers, grafting knives, and the like. Razors, both plain and safety, razor blades, swords, shears and scissors for household and other uses, axes and hatchets, cHppers, and cigar cutters are also among the products made. Table 67 presents separate statistics for 1914 for the establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing (1) table cutlery; (2) razors, both plain and safety; (3) axes and hatchets; (4) scissors, shears, and clippers; (5) pocket knives; (6) augers, bits, chisels, and planes; and (7) all other products included in the classification, such as shoe knives, oyster and clam knives, paper hangers' knives, hunting and special knives, cutting dies, skiving knives, swords, etc. There is considerable overlapping among the industry subgroups and between these subgroups and other industries. Table cutlery to the value of $45,368 was reported by other subgroups, and to the value of 17,300 by establishments assigned to other classifications. Razors to the value of $18,030 were reported by other subgroups, and to the value of $107,315 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "stamped ware" and "perfumery and cosmetics." Axes and hatchets to the value of $336,503 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "carpenters' tools, not elsewhere specified," and "agricultural implements." Scissors, shears, and clippers to the value of $115,948 were reported by establish- ments assigned to other industries, principally "hardware" and 'iron and steel forg- ings," a small output of these goods being also reported by manufacturers of pocket Pocket knives to the value of $71,000 were reported bj^ other subgroups, and to the value of $21,313 by establishments assigned to other classifications. 128 CENSUS OF MAlSrUFACTUEES : 1914. Augers, bits, chisels, and planes to the value of $88,467 were reported by estabUsh- menta assigned to other industries, and a small output of these tools was also reported by manufacturers of axes and hatchets. "All other" cutleiy to the value of $185,161 was reported by other subgroups, and to the value of $575,868 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "hardware," "saws," and "foundry and macMne-shop products." Files. — Establishments included in this classification manufacture machine-cut and hand-cut steel files and rasps of all kinds and sizes. Small files for the use of jewelers, dentists, diesinkers, and watchmakers, and needle and manicuring files are among the products, while the rasps embrace those used by carpenters, horseshoers, and shoemakers. In addition to the value shown in Table 223 (p. 619) establishments assigned to other industries in 1914 reported the manufacture of files to the value of 150,405. In 1909 three establishments reported the manufacture of files to the value of $4,611. Two of these establishments made "foundry and machine-shop products" and one of them "cutlery and edge tools." Saws. — The establishments included in this classification manufacture all kinds of hand and power saws. Among the handsaws are those for the use of butchers, of carpenters and other woodworkers, and of machinists and other metal workers. The power saws embrace band and jig saws; circular saws, solid or with inserted teeth; diamond-toothed saws for stone; slitters; and hack and other saws tor cutting metals. Statistics for the censuses from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, estahlishments engaged principally in the manufacture of "foundry_ and machine-shop products", "cutlery and edge tools," "tools, not elsewhere specified," and "agricultujaj implements" reported saws to the value of $102,881 for 1914, and to the value of $587,062 for 1909. Tools, not elsewhere specified. — The establishments included in this industry manufacture all kinds of hand tools, that are not edged, including (1) shovels, spades, hoes, and scoops, masons' and plasterers' tools, trowels, garden sets, sidewalk cleaners, hods, etc.; (2) carpenters' tools, not elsewhere specified; (3) machinists' tools, such as watchmakers' lathes and attachments, cutter heads, calking tools, drills, milling cut- ters, reamers, dies and vises, wrenches, punches, etc. ; and (4) special tools for the use of laborers and mechanics, besides various minor tools and appliances, such as stone cut- ters' tools, watchmakers' and jewelers' tools, pliers for opticians, dentists, watchmakers, electricians, etc., diamond tools, molders', plumbers', and tinners' tools, bakers' tools, ice tongs, picks, nippers, cant hooks, blacksmithing tools, cobblers' tools, hand com buskers, can openers, cleaners, fruit-jar wrenches, ice-skate sharpeners, nail pullers, paper cutters, tack pullers, tape measiu"es, ticket punches, and similar articles. Separate statistics for these four groups are given in Table 67 (p. 96). The manufactm-e of saws and files is covered by separate industries, and axes and hatchets, and augers, bits, chisels, and planes are subclassifications under cutlery and edge tools. There is a very close connection between this industry and cutlery and edge tools, iron and steel forgings, and foundry and machine-shop products. Table 223 presents the general statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. Shovels, spades, scoops, and hoes to the value of $524,872 were reported by steel works and rolling mills, and to the value of $328,953 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally foundries and machine shops, cutlery and edge tools, and window and door screens and weather strips. Carpenters'_ tools to the value of $199,697 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, such as saws, cutlery, and screws. Machinists' tools to the value of $8,564 were reported by the manufacturers of shovels, spades, scoops and hoes, and of carpenters' tools, and to the value of $629,445 by estab- lishments assigned to other industries, principally steam railroad cars, saws, iron and steel forgings, hardware, automobile bodies and parts, machine shops, and surgical appliances. "Tools, not specified" to. the value of $131,172 were reported by manufacturers of shovels, spades, etc., and to the value of $1,949,650 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally steam fittings and steam and hot- water heating appai-atus, machine shops, hardware, cutlery, iron and steel forgLugs, and refrigerators. TYPEWRITERS AND SUPPLIES. The principal products manufactm-ed by the establishments under this classification are typewriting machines and parts, and typewriters' supplies. Separate data are given in Table 67 for these two divisions of the industry. The census of 1889 was the first at which separate statistics for the industry were presented. Comparative figures for the census years from 1889 to 1914 are given in Table 223 (p. 703). IBON AND STEEL AND THEIR PKODUCTS. 129 Typewriters' supplies consist of such, specialties as carbon or copying paper, inked ribbons, and automatic attaching systems, manifold tissue books, typewriter covers, error-proof speed-keys, metal boxes and spools, etc. Establishments manufacturing carbon paper as their product of chief value reported products to the value of $2,192,201, while establishments assigned to other classifica- tions— "ribbon," "writing ink," and "printing ink "—reported CLirbon paper to the value of $450,112, making the total production 12,642,313. ■ " Ribbon " to the value of 12,121,243 was produced by establishments manufacturing it as their product of chief value, while establishments assigned to the classifications carbon paper, and writing and printing inks, reported ribbons to the value of $813,569, making the total production $2,934,812. "All other" supplies to the value of $335,580 were produced by establishments manufacturing specialties as their product of chief value, while manufacturers of carbon paper .reported "all other '"^supplies to the value of $8,202, making the total production $343,782. In 1909 the value of typewriters' supplies reported by establishments assigned to other industries amounted to $507,065. The greater part of this was reported by manufactiuers of writing ink. VAULT LIGHTS AND VENTILATORS. The principal products manufactured by establishments in this classification axe lights, made of iron or steel with glass set in, for bank, burial, and other vaults; window, roof, floor, and sidewalk ventilators; coalhole covers; exhaust blower fans; and glass prisms for windows and sidewalks. The statistics for the industry for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 705). In addition to the value of product shown in the table, vault lights and ventilators to the value of $223,600 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally steam fittings. WIKE. This classification includes only establishments which draw iron and steel wire or wire of other metals from purchased rods or bars. The extensive operations of the wire-drawing departments of steel works and rolling mills are not included in the classified industry, as it was found impossible to segregate all the items relating to them ; nor are the operations of establishments drawing wire as a minor product or by-product included. The productainclude plain and coated wire, barbed wire, bonnet, music, needle, and piano wire, and other special kinds of ■vfire, and manufactures of wire such as wire nails, spikes, tacks, brads, and staples. The industry overlaps that designated as "wirework, including wire rope and cable," many wire-drawing plants making such advanced products as wire rope, clotheslines, woven-wire fencing, and poultry netting. The greater part of the wire drawn in 1914 was of steel and iron, but a considerable proportion was of copper, brass, or of other metal, such as bronze, German silver, or zinc. Some insulated copper wire for electrical work is made by establishments in this industry, but much larger quantities are made by majiufacturers of electrical apparatus and supplies, who, however, usually buy the plain wire. Table 80 shows the quantity and value of the different kinds of wire and wire products made in 1914 and 1909 not only by establishments assigned to the wire industry but also by the wire departments of rolling mills and other concerns. The total value of products shown is more than double that of the "wire " industry in the narrower sense. Comparable statistics in detail for 1904 and 1899 are not available for the total wire production, as special reports were not secured prior to 1909 from wire mills drawing wire from pur- chased rods. The wire departments of rolling mills and establishments drawing wire as a minor product or by-product from purchased rods, reported wire and wire products to the value of $90,759,534 in 1914j as compared with $95,597,004 in 1909. Among these establishments there were 24 iron and steel rolling mills, with wire products valued at 374,972,923, and 19 establishments manufacturing brass and bronze products, with wire products valued at $14,936,611 in 1914, as compared with 23 rolling mills with products of $78,894,036 and 10 establishments making brass and bronze products to the value of $11,443,940 in 1909. 07031°— 17 9 130 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTKES : 1914. Number of establishments. . Number drawing — Iron and steel wire Copper wire Brass wire Other metals and alloys. MATEEIXLS. Total cost . con- Wire rods, cost Steel- Tons... Cost Produced by sun!iers — Tons Assigned cost iE^urchascd — Tons.. Cost...;. Bessemer steel — Tons.... Cost Open-heartli steel — Basic- Tons Cost Acid- Tons Cost Crucible and other steel — Tons Cost Iron — Tons Cost Copper- Tons. Cost Brass — Tons Cost Other metal, cost Bronze — Tons Cost German silver — Tons Cost All otlier^ cost Wire purchased, plain or coated, cost Steel or iron — Tons Cost Copper- Tons Cost Fuel and rent of power. AH othei' materials Wire, drawn, whether for consumption or for sale, tons: Steel andiron Ck)pper Brass Bronze ' Germansilver O ther metal THE "WIRE rNDITSTRY (TONS OF a,000 POUNOS). Total. 1104, 621, 056 2,495,201 $53, 161, 732 2,030,735 846,356,401 464, 466 512,805,331 948, 652 }21,040,5S)9 1,4S3,%8 J30, 150, S7C 56,527 $1,651,223 1909 3112,790,516 2,514,501 867,439,887 2,002,851 853,462,671 511,653 $13,977,2161 1,141,353 $28, 3-10, 445] 1,255,747, 835,046,106: 103, 509 83,480,071 6, 154 8313, 0341 2,579 8121, 651 1" 141,214' $39,fl53,902| 19,513! $4,758,4061 8925,365/ 107' 832, 293! 6, 8567, 4, 8207, ISl,! $40,916,1 (■) $4,235,1 I 375 $149, 871 2 8743,201 81,994,839 36,290 $1,810,382 599 8178,457 2,435,530 138,924 19,491 106 375 2 2,981 (') $2,855,911 (') 2,389,136 147, 156 17,411 Wire mills. (Wire rods purchased.) 1914 1909 $56, 424, 494 843,374,763 847, 883 $21,609,338 395, 694 $9,091,973 452,189 812,517,365 539,379 $12,081,408 279, 260 38,368,034 2.3,235 $860,643 6, $299, 2, 8121, 73, 820,214, 1, r S695, I $733, $32, (») $701, 8537, 8 $359; Wire departments of rolling mills. (Wire rods roiied.J 1914 47' 17* $60,542,931 $50,810,983 850,729 $23,021,867 361,065 89,716,501 489,664 $13,305,366 658,048 $13,936,178 233, 105 86,695,310 52,856 $1,841,051 $549, 1, $62, 102, $27, 462, $61,240,293 1,647,318 $37,552,394 1, CSS, 041 S37, 264,423 12, 277 $287, 966 403, 173 88,965,191 1,204,708 827,782,842 33,292 $790,580 145 813, 781 950 107.1 741 / $178,457 81,813, $10,698, 821, ^__ 72, 40l! 1,884 . 106 W I 2,563 S264,l $429,390 0) $1,640, $7, 602, 7S7, 322 101,8'JO i.o-.i 67, $19,438,976 17,563 I $4,063,299 I $191,624 375 $149,824 841,800 $1,4.57,080 27,415 $1,457, — 27 10 $61,988,533 1,663,775 $44,418,020 l,fi4I,7?« $43,746,170 21,989 $071, 850 590,305 $14,404,267 1,022,642 $28,350, 7lI6 50,653 $1,615,020 175 $17,937 3,791 $145,643 49,557 $13,453,772 (') |- 83,971,098 (') (•) (') (■) (■) 82,426,521 (') (') (■-) 1,613,961 66,523 17,607 376 418 1,601,814 45,266 16,360 See footnotes on p. l.;2. IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 131 Table 80— Continued. Total value. Wire and manufecturos of wire Steel and iron- Tons Value Plain wire — Tons Value Coated wire — Tons Value Wire nails and spikes- Kegs C 100 pounds) .. . Value Wire brads, tacks, and staples — Tons Value ]^rbed wire — Tons Value ■Wire rope and strand- Tons Value . - ., Woven-wire fence and poultry netting- Tons VEduc Otlicr woven-wire' pro- ducts- Tons Value Other fabricated iron and steel-wire prod- ucts — Tons Value Copper- Tons Value Bare wire — Tons Value Insulated wire — Tons Value Woven and other fabri- cated copper-wire products — Tons Value Brass-wire and fabricated bras.s-wire product? — Pounds Value German silver- Pounds Value All other metals and al- lovs — Pounds Value Finished products, other than wire and wire manu- factures, value All other products, includ- ing scrap, dross, etc., value Amount received for cus- tom work and repairing. . THE WIKE INDTJSTSY (TONS OF 8,000 POnUOS). Total. Wire mills. (Wire rods purchased.) 1914 1909 SI72,600,546 $180,083,522 1(166, 999, S88 S173,349,614 2,465,383 $116,216,503 459,909 $22,316,778 374,478 $15,949,531 12,886,634 $23,368,633 33,335 $1,324,948 343,693 $13,764,367 52,735 $7,973,537 411,460 $19,795,812 22,721 $2,822,089 122, 720 $8,899,208 135,4.37 $42,928,550 84,921 $26,206,024 48,386 o$15,709,244 2,130 $1,013,282 39,614,500 $6,366,342 749,224 $238,078 6, 180, 174 $1,251,415 $2,581,000 $2,692,302 2,471,868 $120,585,637 472,046 $22,632,230 354,405 $16,212,851 13,926,861 $27,575,774 1914 881,841,012 $78,150,48; 835,928 $48,809,681 206,575 1 $12,921,557 156,016 $7,123,026 3,209,925 $6,048,598 $327,366! 28,120 $1,324,170 323,565 $13,881,517 45,303 $6,683,771 426,927 $22,669,470 125,145 $9,605,145 154,231 $47,184,164 '139,482 $42,336,274 14,749i $4,847,890 $5,579,813 '$6,501,069 $232,839. $386,271 69,232 $2,823,668 43,217 $6,881,138 128,379 $6,763,469 8,014 $915,490 54,211 $4,946,444 87,119 $27,324,290 64,210 $16,177,678 32,410 $10,855,232 499 $291,380 4,361,148 $850,017 203 $170 5,344,527 $1,166,349 $2,038,690 $1,439,465 $162,470 1909 $S4,4.%,51S $79,249,869 821,929 $47,934,204 188,846 $11,349,868 155,059 $7,473,167 3,449,753 $7,142,047 7, $320,224 76,268 $3,343,856 34,14fl $5,450,064 115,8S9 $6,724,077 71,900 $6,130,901 102,604 $30,831,646 < 102,418 $30, 736, r~ Wire departments of rolling mills. (Wire rods rolled.) 1909 $90,759,534 $95,597,004 $88,849,401! $94,099,745 1,629,4.15 1,649,929 $67,405,842 $72,051,433 253,334 $9,395,221 218,462 $8,826,505 9,676,709 $17,320,035 24,147 $938,67.7 274,461 $10,940,699 9, .518 $1,092,399 283,081 $13,032,343! 14, 107; $1,907,199 68,509 $3,952,764 283,200 $11,^2,362 199,346 $8,739,684 10.477, 108 $20,433,727 20,791 $1,003,946 247,297 $10,537,661 11,16-? $1,233,707 311,038 $15,945,893 53,239 $3,474,953 48,318 186 $94,918 $484,019 '$5,083,899 $152, 750 30,711) $10,028,346,1 37^354 15975 $11,599,546 $4,854,012 I 1,631 $721,902 35,253,352 $5,516,325 749,021 $237,908 835,647 $85,066 $492,410 $1,252,837 $164,836 14,563 $4,752,972 $5,095,794 $1,417,170 , $88,089 See footnotes on p. 132. 132 CENSUS OP MANUFACTTJEES : 1914. Tatole 80— Continued. THE WIRE INDUSTRY (TONS OF 2,000 POTJNDS). Total. Wire mills. (Wire rods purchased.) Wire departments of rolling mills. (Wire rpds rolled.) 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 EQUIPMENT. Wire-drawing blocks: Total number 61,181 7,503 9,067 34,611 3,852,000 5,212 23,904,000 683 732,000 43,697 (1) (I) (1) 3,214,000 4,428 18,757,000 446 481,000 33,242 3,005 6,565 23,672 1,249,000 1,318 5,965,000 161 190,000 28,119 (') (') 0) 1,065,000 1,207 4,694,000 198 135,000 17,939 4,498 2,502 10,939 2,603,000 3,894 17,939,000 422 542,000 15,578 Rod Fine wire (below No. 20) - Annual capacity, tons Wire-nail machines: Number (4 2,149,000 3,221 14,063,000 248 Annual capacity, kegs (innpmiTiflt!) Woven-wire fence machines: Number Annual capacity, tons 346,000 1 Figures not .available. 2 Includes copper-dlad steel, nickel and nickel alloys, resistance composition, silver and zinc, s Less than one-fourth ton. ' Does not Include the increase in value due to insulation of insulated wire. Value of bare wire (in- cluded) used for making insulated wire, $5,702,870. 6 Value of insulated wire and cable made by all establishments: 1914, $69,505,573; 1909, $51,624,737. 8 Includes value of insulation of insulated wire; see Note 4. The Statistics for the industry designated as "wire" for each census from 1849 to 1914, inclusive,, are given in Table 223. The differences in methods of classification render the statistics for 1889 entirely incomparable with those for later censuses, and the la,tter in turn have little significance for comparison with one another because of changes in the relative extent to which the wire business has been conducted in rolling mills and in establishments of other industries. The data given for 1904 and 1899 do not include those for establishments drawing wire and manufacturing the entire product into nails or other articles, but statistics for such estabUshments are included in the figures for 1909 and 1914. WISEWORE, mCLUDIITG WISE ROPE AND CABLE, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. The articles manufactured by establishments under this classification are made chiefly of steel, brass, and copper wire, either round or flat. The most important products are woven-wire fencing, wire cloth and netting, and wire rope and cable. There are, however, many minor products, such as wire baskets, bird cages, buckles, broilers, ornamental fences, gates, flexible steel tubing, desk trays, fly killers, gopher and game traps, kitchen wire goods, milk-bottle carriers and racks, metal reenforce- ment for concrete construction, millinery wire, mats, porch swings, paper clips, rat and mouse traps, ring travelers for cotton yarn and other wire parts for textile machin- ery, wire springs of steel, brass, and phosphor-bronze, skewers, meat forks, sheet- steel band hoops, umbrella runners, wire designs for florists, pile wire for carpet mills, wire guards for windows, skylights, elevators, bank railings and wickets, coat hangers, hooks, frames, plate racks, letter fiJes, and wire cloth for use on Fourdrinier machines in the manufacture of paper. Table 67 presents separate statistics for the establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing wire rope and cable, for those making woven-wire fencing, and for those making chiefly other products included in the classification. Establishments assigned to the first two subclasses make some products similar to those of establish- " ments assigned to the third, and vice versa. General statistics for the industry from 1859 to 1914 are given in Table 223 (p. 710). ' Woven-wire fencing to the value of $294,625 was reported by manufacturers of other wirework, and to the value of |201,738 by establishments assigned to other industries, namely, agricultural implements and structural ironwork, while "all other" wirework to the value of $63,825 was reported by other manufacturers of wirework, and to the value of 9>2,064,336 by establishments assigned to other classi- fications, principally structural ironwork. Moreover, establishments assigned to the "wire" industry, and wire departments of iron and steel rolling mills and other concerns, made large quantities of similar products, the value of .which is shown in Table 80. The production of insulated wire is mainly conducted by establish- ments engaged in the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies (See Table 162, p. 243.) Wirework to the value of |944,014 was reported in 1909 by establishments assigned to other classifications. LUMBER AND ITS KEMANUFACTUKES. 133 LUMBER AND ITS RE MANUFACTURES. THE GROUP AS A WHOLE. This group includes the production of lumber and its remanufactures. It embraces practically all of the industries in which wood in some form is the material of chief value. It is necessary, however, in some cases to include statistics for allied products, although no wood is used in their production. For example, the statistics for fur- niture include the manufacture of metal furniture and of metal store and office fixtures. The following table shows the number of establishments, average number of wage earners, capital, total wages paid, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture for each of the industries included in the general group as reported for the census of 1914: Table 81 LUMBER AND ITS EEMANUFACTUKES 1914. INDUSTRY. Number of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value ' added by manu- facture. E xpressed in thousands, , Total 42,036 833,529 Sl,723,466 S440,308 1762,360 Sl,599,710 S837,3C0 Lumber and timber products 27,229 20 5,841 220 190 30 1,174 238 1,259 1,110 149 274 828 66 3,192 2,251 85 173 683 134 132 54 438 4 419 287 10 52 20 24 6 47 68 479,786 421 96,214 3,194 3,098 96 38,648 5,835 17,128 14, 133 2,995 6,418 11,615 2,094 127,881 96,417 2,262 12,660 16,642 5,617 2,257 1,453 4, 787 3,699 4,574 9,468 408 3,464 3,800 1,664 166 228 2,83p 916,574 647 266,805 9,355 8,698 657 66,694 6,270 • 36,690 31,519 5,171 10,440 17,836 4,481 267,885 196, 820 3,371 35,231 32,463 14,511 4,155 6,438 8,049 6,425 4,591 29,731 883 7,602 11, 736 6,862 147 494 20,165 239,977 195 61,949 1,894 1,827 67 18,206 2,299 9,161 7,622 1,539 2,767 6,645 1,511 71,816 51,676 1,281 7,966 10,904 3,572 1,466 986 2,860 2,230 1,923 5,382 224 1,682 1,758 884 160 81 1,785 281,962 334 184,227 4,261 4,006 256 52,840 4,269 32,944 29,096 3,848 - 4,962 9, 166 1,343 121,486 85,443 2,014 18, 036 15, 993 7,343 2,248 2,488 4,468 2,841 2,999 13,257 187 4,751 6,202 2,191 308 233 16,060 715,'310 631 307,673 9,167 8,466 701 86,567 8,337 50,017 43,428 6,689 10, 162 .19,047 4,689 265,706 187, 927 5,022 34,439 ■38,318 15, 052 6,233 4,834 11,014 5,816 6,578 26,325 634 7,875 12,556 4,483 557 402 21,055 433,358 297 Lumber, planing-mill products, not including planing mUls connected 123,446 Window and door screens and weather strips 4,906 Window and door screens Weather strips 4,461 445 33,727 4,068 17,073 Hogsheads and barrels 14, 332 All other 2,741 Wooden goods, not elsewhere speci- fied 5,210 Wood turned and carved 9,881 3,246 144, 220 Wood, other than rattan and 102,484 Rattan and willow 3,008 16,403 22, 32.5 7,709 2,985 Billiard tables and materials Looking-glass and picture frames . . . 2,406 6,546 3,00S Baskets, and rattan and willow 3,579 Coffins, burial cases, and undertak- 13,068 447 3,124 Matcnes ., 7,354 2,292 249 Charcoal, not including production in the lumber and wood distilla- 169 4,995 LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODtTCTS. This classification includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of lumber and timber products, and is the basic industry of the group. While a considerable proportion of the products are sold directly to the final consumer and used principally for building operations, large quantities are used as material in the other branches of 134 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1014; manufacture included in this group. The statistics cover loggina; camps, sawmills, and also planing mills when operated in connection with sawmills. The principal products of logging camps are sawlogs; shingle, stave, and heading bolts; telegraph and telephone poles; mine timbers; spars; piling; fence posts; hewn railway ties; and wheel, handle, and excelsior stock. Those of gawmills include shakes, pickets, rough and dressed lumber, shingles, cooperage and cooperage stock, spool stock, pen- cil stock, penholder stock, veneer stock, box shooks, veneers, lath, and sawed railway- ties. When, as is usually the case, the logging and sawing are done by the same con- cern, there is no duplication in value of products, but where logs are purchased from other establishments such duplication is Tinavoidable. The cost of materials includes the value of the standing timber, even when owned by the operator. The classifica- tion in its present form appeared first at the census of 1899. In 1889 there were two classifications, '' lumber and other mill products from logs and bolts" and " timber prod- Ticts not manufactured at mills;" in 1879 three classifications, "lumber, sawed," "shingles, split," and "veneering"; in 1869 three classifications, "lumber, sawed," 'staves, shocks, and headings," and "veneering"; in 1859 six classifications, "lum- ber, sawed," "masts and spars, " "shingles and lath," "staves, headings, hoops, and shooks," "timber cut and timber hewed," and "veneers"; and in 1849 seven classifications, " lumber, sawed and planed, " " barrel heading, " "shingles, " "staves," "staves and shooks, ' '"timber hewers," and "masts and spars. " It is uncertain to what extent logging camps, especially if not connected with sawmills, were covered at the earlier censuses. Statistics for the industiy as reported for each census from 1849 to 1914 are given in the following table, the separate classes shown at the earlier censuses being combined. The statistics include camps engaged in cutting pulp wood. The production of pulp wood was not fully reported for 1914 and was even more defectively reportedat prior eu' merations. Except for 1849 the atatistics are fairly comparable. Tatole 83 LUMBER AND TTMBEK PRODUCTS AND PULP WOOD. CENSUS TEAR. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (HTerape number). Primary horse- power. ■ CapitaL Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added bymanu. aeture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 27,249 33, 090 19,121 23,043 22, 607 23, 758 25,842 20,870 18, 769 480,207 647,178 404,563 413,257 311, 886 148, 290 150, 091 < 77, 439 55, 810 2,247,092 ■ 2,316,634 1,490,«16 1,375.139 960, 865 821,928 641,fi65 C (■) $917,221 863, 871 517,fll9 400,707 557, 775 181, 4P5 143,723 75, 692 41, 444 $240,172 238,867 182.950, 147,952 87,916 31,393 40,054 22,197 13, 788 $282,286 265,560 183, 708 242,618 242,532 146,313 103,473 45,369 28,329 «715,941 753,388 579,777 555,043 437,899 233,609 210,401 98,680 60,413 $433,655 1909 487,828 396,069 312,425 195,367 87,296 106,928 53,311 32,084 1994 1899 1889 1879 isog 1S59 18492 ' Figures not available. 2 "Lumber, sawed and planed.- Lumber and timber products to the value of $612,500 were reported in 1914 by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, chiefly furniture, and planing mill and box factory products. At the censuses of 1914 and 1904 the special agents were instructed not to secure re- ports for mills engaged exclusively in sawing for local custom consumption. Mills of this class were reported at the censuses of 1909 and 1 899 , but statistics for them have been excluded as far as possible from the totals given in Table 82. In many instances it is impossible to determine definitely the class of work and it is probable that statistics for more of the small mills have been included at some of the censuses since 1899 than at otliers. This condition should be considered in comparing the totals for the various censuses. For censuses prior to 1899 custom mills are included in Tables 82 and 223. It is impracticable to revise the figures for these earlier censuses, but as the vahie of products reported by mills doing custom work exclusively is comparatively small, the inclusion of data for such mills does not gi'eatly affect the comparability of the statis- tics except for the number of establishments. Annual statistics for the production of lumber, lath, shingles, pulp wood and other forest products were collected from 1906 to 1912 by the Census Bureau in cooperation with the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture. This joint work was dis- continued in 1913, when the statistics for the production of lumber were collected by the Forest Service. The data for 1914 were collected by the Bureau of the Census and turned OAer to the Forest Service to be compiled. The totals for 1914 given in Table 83 are the result of this compilation while those for 1909, 1904, and 1899 were compiled in connection with the census of manufactures. LUMBER AND ITS EEMANUPACTUEES. 135 Table 83 Total Softwoods Yellow pine. . Western pine White pine... Douglas fir... Hemlocic Spnice Cypress Redwood Cfldar All other Hardwoods Oak Maple Red gum Chestnut Birch Basswood Elm Cottonwood. , Ash Hickory Walnut Sycamore Another QUANTITY (M FEET, BOARD MEASUEE). 37,346,023 29, 40G, S39 14,471.004 1,327,365 2, 632, 587 4, 763, 693 2, 166, 729 1,247,414 1,013,013 535.199 499, 903 750,933 7. 939, 184 1, 27X, 909, 675, 540, 430, 204. 214, 195, 189, lis; 25, 22, ,075, 1909 44,509,761 33,896,959 16, 277, 185 1,499,985 3,900,034 4, 856, 378 3,051,399 1, 748, 547 9r,5, 635 521, 630 346, 008 740, 158 10,612,802 4, 414, 4.57 1,106,604 706,945 683,891 452,370 399,151 347, 450 265,600 291,209 333, 929 46, 108 .56, 511 1.528,571 34, 135, 139 135,084,166 27,353,312 11,521,781 1, 290, 626 5,332,704 2,928,109 3, 268, 787 l,3Ki,886 749, 692 519, 267 223,035 215,325 6, 781, 827 2,902,855 587, 558 523,990 243, 537 224,009 228,041 258,330 321,574 169, 178 106, 824 31,455 18,002 1, lOG, 474 26, 153, 003 9, 658, .5-1 S 944, 500 7. 742, 391 1, 736, 507 3, 420, 673 1,448,091 495, 836 360, 107 232, 978 113,312 8,034,021 4,438,027 633,466 285,417 206,688 132, 601 308,069 450,731 415,121 209, 120 96, 038 38,681 29,715 1,323,746 1 Includes 297,082 M feet oflumber, board measure, reported as "other sawed products, " and not by kinds of wood. PULP WOOD. Separate statistics were not shown prior to 1914 for tlie production of wood for the manufacture of pulp, but were included to some extent under those for "lumber and timber products." Some pulp mills own the timberland and have the wood cut by their own employees; others have it cut under contract. The statistics for these operations when carried on by pulp mills are, of course, included in those for the mill and when done in connecton with the cutting of logs for sawmills, are included in those for the lumber industry. It is impracticable to collect complete data for the industry, therefore the figures must not be accepted as representing the total pro- duction. LTTMBER, PLAWING-MILL PRODITCTS, NOT INCLTTDIlfG PINNING MILLS CONNECTED WITH SAWMILLS. The establishments included in this classification manufacture principally dressed lumber; sash, doors, and blinds; interior woodwork; and moldings. Among the minor products are cattle stanchions, water vats and cisterns, wooden tanks, wooden pipe, wooden covering for water and steam pipes, door jambs and facings, floor- ing, ceilings, mantels, stairs, and stair rails, newel posts, columns, panels, interior trim, wainscoting, shelving, scaffolds, flagpoles, crosses for graves, clothes poles and horses, portable houses, greenhouse construction work, tight cooperage, churns, cratings, match blocks, workbenches, knees for boats, irrigation gates, etc. The manufacture of these various products was combined for the first time at the census of 1889 under the heading "lumber, planing-mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds." In 1879 "lumber, planed," and "sash, doors, and blinds" were considered separately. In 1869, in addition to "lumber, planed," and "sash, doors, and blinds,'^ another classification appeared — "wood brackets, moldings, and scrolls." In 1859 "pump logs," "drainpipe, wooden," and "splints" were shown, in addition to "lumber, planed," and sash, doors, and bhnds." In 1849 "sash and blinds" was the only separate classification covering products now assigned to the planing-mill branch of the lumber industry. The figures published^ for that year under "lumber, sawed and planed," are included in the totals shown in Table 85 (p. 136), which gives general statistics for the lumber and timber industry from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. In the following table which covers the same period, the various classes of planing- mill products distinguished at the earlier censuses are combined. The figures for 136 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTTJEES : 1914. 1849 are not comparable, and, as already stated, the large planing-mlll business done by establishments which operate sawmills is not covered. The census of 1914 includes the statistics for window and door screens and weather strips, which' are shown as a separate industry. TaWe 84 CENSUS YEAR. PLANING MILLS AND "WINDOW AND DOOR SCREENS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. earners (aver- age num- ber). Primary horse- power. ' Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914., 1909., 1904., 1899., 1889., 1879., 1809., 1859., 18492, 6,061 6,402 6,009 4,198 3,670 2,491 2,783 1,456 433 99,408 112,392 97, 074 73, 510 79,923 37, 187 34, 766 11,179 2,497 423,005 410,950 309,857 228,731 178,094 0) 65, 614 8276,160 $63,843 $188,488 $316,840 257,748 64,536 196,080 327,398 177, 146 60,714 143, 138 247,442 118,949 32,622 99,509 167,786 120, 271 42, 222 104,927 183,682 38,071 14,432 45,268 73,425 40,079 16,717 46, 947 80,278 9,581 4,087 12,180 21,237 1,066 841 860 2,277 $128,352 131,318 104,304 68,217 78, ,55 28, 157 33,331 9,057 1,417 ' Figures not available. 2 Sash and blinds only. The decrease in the value of products of the planing-mill branch of the lumber industry between 1889 and 1899 was due to the increase in the relative amount of planed lumber manufactured in establishments classified as sawmills. The apparent decrease between 1869 and 1879 results from the fact that the values for 1869 were reported in currency, which was worth only about 80 cents gold to the dollar. In addition to the products shown, establishments assigned to other industries re- ported planing-mill products to the value of $3,731,227 in 1914 and to the value of $3,025,621 in 1909. ijressed lumber, sash, doors, and blinds, and other planing-mill products are pro- duced in lai-ge quantities in sawmills, and the figures should not be accepted as representing the entire production of dressed lumber or planing-mill products. The four classifications, "lumber and timber products," "pulp wood," "lumber, planing-mill jproducts, not including planing mills connected with sawmills," and "window and door screens and weather strips" are so closely related that the com- parison of separate totals compiled from census to census may be misleading. There- fore the figures for all four classes are combined and presented in Table 85. This table gives the statistics for 1849 to 1914, inclusive, and the totals for each census are as nearly comparable as it is possible to make them. Tatole 83 LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS. CENSUS TEAR. Number of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horsepower. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu-, facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 33,310 39, 492 24, 130 27,241 26,277 28, 249 28,625 22,326 19,202 579,615 669,570 502, 237 486,767 391,809 185, 477 184, 857 88, 618 68,307 2,670,097 2,727,584 1,800,673 1,603,870 1,138,959 1821,928 707,279 $1,193,381 1,121,619 694, 165 519, 656 678,046 219,536 183,802 83,273 42, 510 $304,015 303, 403 233,664 180,574 130, 138 46,325 66, 771 26, 284 14,629 $470, 774 461,640 326, 846 342, 187 347,459 191,581 150,420 57,549' 29,189 $1,032,781 1,080,786 827,219 722, 829 621,681 307,034 290,679 119,917 62,'690 $562,007 619,146 500,373 380,642 274,122 115,453 140,259 62,368 33,501 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 ' Exclusive of horsepower for planing mills, as figures are not available. ' rigmes not available. LUMBER AND ITS REMANTJFACTUEES. 137 WINDOW AND DOOR SCREENS AND WEATHER STRIPS. This classification includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of window screens, door screens, and weather strips, whether of metal, wood or other material. The statistics have been compiled to show separate data for those establishments whose principal product is window and door screens and those manufacturing weather strips as their product of chief value. (See Table 81.) Prior to 1914 this classifica- tion was not shown as a separate industry, but was included under "lumber, planing- mill products;" therefore comparable figures are not available. In addition to the products covered by the table, window and door screens to the value of $158,970, and weather strips to the value of $48,859 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications. BOXES, WOODEN PACKING. Box shooks, trunk slabs, bottle boxes, wooden boxes used for packing, crates for butter, fruits, berries, and vegetables, egg cases and cases for canned goods, carrier trays, and wine cases are the principal products reported for eistablishments included under this classification. The various kinds of boxes here included were first assembled under one classifica- tioninl879. In 1869 " boxes, cheese," and"boxes, tobacco" (not cigar boxes), were shown separately from "boxes, wooden packing." In 1859, statistics were presented for the manufacture of "boxes, sugar," and of "box shooks," as well as of cheese, tobacco, and packing boxes. In 1849 "boxes, cheese," was segregated from the main classification of "boxes, packing." The figures for these separate classifications have . been combined and are given in Table 223 for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclu- sive. Many manufacturing concerns in a variety of industries make packing boxes for their own products, but the census schedules did not call for the value of such con- tainers as a separate item. In addition to the value included in Table 223 and to that made by manufacturers for their own use, boxes to the value of $7,225,335 in 1914 were reported by manufacturers of other products, principally planing-mill and sawmill prod.ucts, paper boxes and cartons, cooperage, tinware, and machine-shop products. BOXES, CIGAR. The cigar' boxes manufactm-ed by the establishments included in this classification are made from wood. During recent years paper cigar boxes have been largely used, and their production is included under ' ' boxes, fancy and paper " (see Table 96, p. 152). Their increased use has apparently retarded the development of the wooden cigar-box industry. Part of the decrease from 1889 to 1899 may be attributed to changes in classification. Comparative statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the value of products covered by the table, wooden cigar boxes to the value of $691,029 in 1914 and of 1399,095 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of planing-mill products, cigai's and cigarettes, wooden packing boxes, and fancy and paper boxes. COOPERAGE. This classification includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of casks, kegs, tierces, barrels, hogsheads, wooden tubs, tanks, vats, and similar articles from staves. Establishments making staves and other cooperage materials, unless they also make finished products, are not covered by this classification, but the statistics are included under "lumber and timber products." In 1914 separate statistics for establishments manufactiu-ing "hogsheads and bar- rels" and for those making "all other" cooperage products were compiled, and are presented in Table 81, each establishment being classified according to its product of chief value. Hogsheads and barrels to the value of $101,697 were reported by establishments making "other" cooperage products, and to the value of $874,355 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally lard compounds, wooden packing boxes, and petroleum refineries. Other cooperage products to the value of $39,452 were reported as made by manu- facturers of Hogsheads and barrels, and to the value of $266,862 by establishments assigned to other classifications, such as wooden packing boxes, wooden goods, not elsewhere specified, machine shops, windmills, etc. Statistics for the industiy from 1849 to 1914 are presented in Table 223 (p. 605). 138 CENSUS OF MANUFACTX7EES : 1914. The slight increase in value of products between 1904 and 1909 does not fully repre- sent the increase in the manufacture of barrels and similar containers, as a constantly- increasing number are made by flour mills, refiners of sugar, molasses, and petroleum, meat packers, manufacturers of lime and of cement, and evaporators of salt. Con- tainers so made are not, as a rule, covered by the table, although where they were made in more or less distinct plants data for such plants were secured, if possible, and included with those for the cooperage industry. The value of the containers made by establishments in other industries is ordinarily included as part of the value of the specific products contained, though in some cases containers remaining unused at the end of the year are reported under "all other products." The extent of the manufac- ture of barrels by flour mills is shown by the fact that 229 mills reported such manu- facture. The large petroleum refineries, as a rule, returned separate reports for their cooperage plants. WOODEN GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERS SPECIFIED. This classification includes establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of articles for kitchen, dairy, laundry, and miscellaneous uses, such as wooden dishes, trays, bowls, meat boards, salt boxes, knife boxes, rolling pins, potato mashers, butter bowls and dishes, chopping bowls, butter molds, churns, tubs, washboards, pulleys, clothes reels, clothespins, curtain stretchers, coat hangers, clothes bars, drying racks for clothes, ironing boards and tables, garment hangers, tailors' pressing blocks; bakers' shovels, boxes, and woodenware; flagpoles, clothes poles, candy sticks, butcher supplies, racks, bird houses, scaffolds, labels for trees, wood filter plates, toothpicks, grain measures, ladders, etc. There is, as already stated, consid- erable overlapping in products between this industry and "cooperage" and there is also some overlapping between it and "furniture" and "house-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified." The statistics for the industry were published under "woodenware" in 1849, 1859, and 1869, and under "woodenware, not elsewhere specified," for 1879, 1889, 1899, and 1904. General statistics for the industry are si\ on in Table 223 (p. 712). In 1914 establishments engaged primarily in other classes of manufacture reported wooden goods, not elsewhere specified, to the value of $1,229,518. WOOD, TURNED AND CARVED. This classification covers establishments manufacturing principally articles of wood, turned, carved, or sawed by scroll or jig saws. The products include among others, fretwork, grille work; handles for brooms, axes, hammers, picks, cutlery, tooli, sad irons, and packages; rollers, wheels, reels, spools, spindles, bobbins, plugs, bungs, blocks, molds, racks, bowling balls, tenpins, novelties, brackets, legs for furniture, carved frames, arms and limbs for wax figm'es, stationery racks, inkstand bases, desk trays, imibrella stands, candlesticks, jewelry cases, shuttles, billiard cues, hockey sticks, coat hangers, mallets, brush blocks, spokes, ladder rounds, oars, whifiletrees, surveyors' stakes, balusters and coliunns, sticks for flags and rockets, rolling pins, bread plates, and souvenirs. In 1879 there were two classifications — "wood, turned and carved," and "handles, wooden." In 1859, in addition to "carving" and "turning, scroll sawing, and molding," there were "broom handles," "brush blocks," "brush handles and stocks," "handles," "money drawers," "plugs and wedges," "wooden clothes frames," and "wooden door knobs." In 1849 statistics were shown for "bobbins and spools," for "carvers," and for "tiu-ners." These separate classes have been combined for comparative purposes in Table 223 (p. 712). In addition to the products covered by the table, wood, turned and carved, to the value of $990,954 in 1914, and to the \alue of $1,062,877 in 1909, were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, such as " lumber and timber products," "hardware," "furniture," and"tools," not elsewhere specified. Many concerns turn and carve wood in connection with the manufacture of various finished products, but they did not make a separate report for such work in their returns. LASTS. Establishments manufacturing principally trees, stretchers, and display forms for boots and shoes, fiber tops for lasts, and lasts for rubber and leather boots and shoes, are included in this classification. The industry designation has been "lasts" since 1849, except in 1859, when it was "lasts and boot-trees." General statistics for the industry are presented in Table 223 (p. 647). In addition to the products covered by the table, lasts to the value of $150,967 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries, namely, " boot and shoe cut stock," "boots and shoes, rubber," and "foundry and machine-shop products.'! LUMBEJR AND ITS REMANUFACTUEES. 139 FURNITURE. This industry includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of cabinetwork and wood and metal furniture of all kinds, including hall stands, hat-trees, tables, chairs, couches, tabourets, music cabinets and stands, consoles, pedestals, sideboards, buHets, china closets, desks, sectional and other bookcases, bedsteads, dressers, chiHoQiers, wardrobes, shirt-waist boxes, cedar chests, commodes, cradles, baby walk- ers, medicine cabinets, office, school, church, and hospital furnitm'e, folding and cabinet beds, cots, davenports, sofas, settees, divans, cribs, piano and other benches, etepladder ch&irs, back rests, tea wagons, rolling trays, flower stands, hatracks and racks for books and magazines, stools, telephone stands, easels, kitchen safes and cabinets, lamp stands, clock cases, store and office fixtures, telephone booths, coun- ters, racks and stands for displaying merchandise, railroad-ticket cases, and similar products. Willow, reed, rattan, splint, bamboo, and rustic furniture are included. The following table presents separate statistics for 1914 for the establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing wooden furniture, rattan and willow furniture, store and office fixtures, and metal furniture, respectively. Comparative statistics aregiven for 1914 and 1909. At the census of 1909 only a total for rattan and willow ■furniture and wood furniture, combined, was shown. Table 86 ESTABLISHMENTS MANUFACTCKING PEIM.ARILY— Total, 1914 1909 Wooden furniture, other than rattan and willow: 1914 Rattan and willow furniture: 1914 - Wooden lurnlture, including rattan and willow: 1»9 - Store and ofiice fixtures: 1914 1909 Metal iutmtwe: 1914 1909 FUENITURE. Num- ber of ■estab- lish- ments. 3,192 3,024 Wage earners (average number). 127,881 123,420 2,251 S5 2,lSo 6S3 eS7 173 152 96,417 2,282 96,604 16,642 16,955 12, 560 9, 967 Capital. Wages. Cost of materials ^iluo Vifiip of added produols. °ll^ ture. Expressed in thousands. $267,885 J71,S16 $121,486 216, Z!3 62,935 103, S63 | $265, 706 229, 197 196,820 3,371 167,632 32,463 29,454 35,231 19, 197 51,675 1,2S1 47, 123 10,901 10,485 7,956 5,327 85,443 2,014 15,993 14,380 18,036 13,151 187,927 5,022 38,318 34,313 34, 439 24,396 $144,220 125,334 102,484 3,008 94,156 22,325 19,933 16, 403 11,245 There is considerable overlapping between the subgroups of the industry. Wood furniture to the value of ^502,404; rattan and willow furniture to the value of 81,598,718 ; metal fiu'niture to the value of $244,381; and store and office fixtures to the value of $624,731 were made by one or more of the other groups. In addition, wood furniture to the value of $3,437,243; rattan and willow furnitm-e to the value of $212,753; metal furniture to the value of $2,632,579; and store and office fixtures to the value of $2,059,156 — a total of $8,341,731 — were reported by establishments assigned to otiier industries. At the censuses of 1889 and 1869 the classification "chairs" was shown separately, and in 1869 ' ' iron bedsteads " also, but the data are combined with those for the general furniture industry in Table 223. In 1859 the industry bore the designation *^furni- ture, cabinet, school, and other," and in 1849, "cabinet ware." Small shops making furniture to individual order were included at the censuses prior to 1899. REFRIGERATORS. This industry includes the manufacture of ice boxes and refrigerating show cases and counters, as well as of refrigerators. The statistics for the industry from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, refrigerators to the value of $551,278 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications, $194 , 463 b eing reported by furniture makers . 140 CENSUS OP MANUFACTURES: 1&14. SHOW CASES. This classification covers the manufacture of show cases and display cases, wall cases, and cabinets. The production of counters and shelving is included with store and ofiice fixtures, under "furniture" and with planing mills, but some of the estab- lishments classified as "show cases" also manufacture these articles as subsidiary- products. Statistics for establishments manufacturing show cases have been pre- sented separately since 1859. Statistics from that year to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, show cases to the value of 11,243,005 in 1914 and to the value of 1468,778 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products — chiefly furniture. BILLIARD TABLES AND MATERIALS. In addition to establishments manufacturing billiard, pool, and bagateUe tables, bowling alleys, and materials used in their manufacture, this classification includes establishments producing supplies such as billiard cues and chalk, cue tips, ball and cue racks, chalk hangers, and pool and billiard balls. In 1869 the statistics were published under "billiard and bagatelle tables, cues, and materials." In 1859 there were two classifications — "billiard cues" and "billiard and bagatelle tables." Com- parative statistics for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The Eipparent decrease from 1889 to 1899 was due to a change in the classificar tion of one of the largest establishments manufacturing this class of products in the country. In 1889 this establishment was included under "billiard tables and mate- rials," but in 1899 it was classified under "furniture, factory products," as its chief product at the latter census was bar fixtures and office furniture. In addition to the products shown in Table 223, billiard tables and materials to the value of ?518,380 in 1914 and to the value of $429,830 in 1909 were'reported as sub- sidiary products by manufacturers of window and door screens, furniture, etc. LOOKING-GLASS AND PICTURE FRAMES. Establishments manufacturing all kinds of frames — paper, plush, velvet, wood, or metal — for mirrors, pictures, photographs, or medallions are included in this classi- fication. Passe partouts and the gilding of moldings are also among the products. The material of which the frames are made is largely the product of planing mills. The data for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 relate only to establishments in the wholesale business, the many small shops which make frames to order not being canvassed. As the earlier censuses (those prior to 1899) included such small establishments, the figures in Table 223 for the censuses from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are not strictly com- parable. In addition to the products diown in Table 223, estabUshments engaged primarily in the manufacture of planing-mill products, in lithographing and job printing, and in the manufacture of window shades and fixtures, reported mirror and picture frames to the value of $302,124 in 1914, and to the value of 1404,605 in 1909. ' SEWING-MACHINE CASES. The principal products raanutactured by establishments in this classification are sew- ing-machine cases, cabinet and other, and sewing-machine tables. They are mainly made of wood. Statistics for each census from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. At the census of 1859 statistics were returned for one establishment manufacturing sewing-machine cases, but no separate returns for the industry appeared at the census of 1869. This industry is closely allied to "sewing machines and attachments" and the returns do not show the extent of the industry, as many cases are made by the manufacturers of the complete machine. BASKETS, AND RATTAN AND WILLOW WARE. The establishments included in this classification manufacture market, butcher, laundry, and shipping baskets; fruit and berry baskets; fancy and toy baskets; candy and florists' baskets of splint, reed, willow, straw, rattan, and wicker; laundry and tnmk hampers; coffee drums, and small articles of rattan and willow ware. Small fruit boxes, picking trays, and bottle and demijoh"n coverings, wicker boxes, reeds, chair cane, cane webbing, and rattan goods were also reported. Rattan and willow furniture are not covered by this classification, but are included under "furniture." LUMBER AND ITS KEMANtTFACTXJKES. 141 This industry was shown in 1869 and 1849 under the two classifications, ' ' baskets " and "willow ware;" and in 1859 under the two classifications, "baskets" and "willow furniture and willow ware . ' ' Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 575). In addition to the products covered by Table 223, baskets and rattan and willow ware to the value of 1406,542 in 1914, and to the value of $500,609 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, principally lumber and timber products, furniture, wooden packing boxes, cooperage, etc., but the line of demarcation between the various kinds of products is not well defined. COFFINS, BURIAL CASES, AND UNDERTAKERS' GOODS. Coflans, whether made of wood or of metal, caskets, burial cases, shipping cases, and undertakers' supplies and accessories — such as burial garments, robes, shrouds, dresses and suits, gloves and slippers, and casket linings and draperies, ambulance baskets, door draperies, lowering devices, couches, embalming tables, embalming fluids, etc., are the principal products of establishments included in this classifica- tion. In 1869 and 1859 "coffins" was the title of the classification, but the figvires are doubtless fairly comparable. Statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the value of products shown in Table 223, coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods to the value of $273,535 in 1914 and of $333,458 in 1909 were re- ported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products. RULES, IVORY AND WOOD. Statistics of establishments engaged in the manufacture of carpenters' rales, log rules, and commercial and advertising rules and yardsticks, and of office and school rulers are included under this classification. The products are made principally of hickory, maple, basswood, and boxwood, but rules made of ivory or other material are included. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1879 to 1914, in- clusive, are presented in Table 223. The apparent decrease in value of products from 1904 to 1909 is accounted for by the fact that one establishment which was in- cluded under this classification in 1904 and at previous censuses was classified under "tools, not elsewhere specified," in 1909. Had the value of the ovitput of this estab- listiment in 1909 — which was a considerable item — been included in the table, an increase over 1899 wovild have been shown. In addition to the product given in the table, rules to the value of $73,814 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications. CORK, CUTTING. Statistics for establishments engaged in the manufactiu'e of various articles from cork, including such products as life preservers and cork board for insulation, cork tips, but comprising chiefly bottle corks, are presented under this industry designa- tion, wliich has appeared since 1869. At the census of 1849 there were two classifi- cations, "corks" and "cork cutters." In 1859 the classification was "corks," and was probably somewhat less comprehensive. Table 223 presents statistics tor the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the product covered by the table, cork to the value of $54,353 was reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries, namely, iron and steel small boats, planing mills, and awnings, tents, and sails. HATCHES. The establishments included in this classification manufacture friction, parlor, and safety matches. Statistics are given in Table 223 for each census from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. PULP GOODS. In this classification are included establishments engaged in the manufacture from wood pulp or paper chemically treated of such articles as pails, kegs and boxes, tubs, cuspidors, vases, measures, coolers, bases, trunks and cases, plates and dishes, jars, trays, etc. Composite board for car ceilings, bulkheads, and door panels for steam- boats, vulcanized fiber and fiber specialties for motors and dynamos, automobile parts, insulators, skate wheels, washers, disks and bushings, railway signals, electric- rail joints, noiseless rollers and gears, fiber sheets, and fiber rods and tubes were also reported. The manufacture of wood-pulp itself, except so far as conducted by estab- lishments making the finished products mentioned, and the manufacture of paper 142 CENSUS OP MANUFACTTJBES : 1914. from wood piilp are not included. The statistics of pulp goods were first reported separately at the census of 1889. General statistics for the industry for the census years from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, pulp goods to the value of $105,318 in 1914 and to the value of $52,231 in 1909 were reported by establishments fengaged primarily in the manufacture of other products— paper and wood pulp, steam pack- ing, and looking-glass and picture frames. WOOD CARPET. This classification includes establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of parquet strips and fiber floor veneers. The name given to the industry at earlier censuses has become somewhat misleading, but is retained for convenience in com- parisons. Wood carpet and parquetry floorings are allied products; in the former, strips or blocks of wood are held together by a textile backing; in the latter they are glued together. Very little wood carpet was made in 1914 or in 1909. Table 223 presents comparable statistics for the industry from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. CHABCOAL, NOT INCLTJDING paODUCTION IN THE LUMBER AND WOOD DISTILLA- TION INDUSTP-IES. Establishments under this classification carbonize wood in kilns, or by merely placing it in circular piles covered with earth and allowing it to smolder after firing. Statistics of establishments manufacturing charcoal, although reported separately at the censuses of 1849 and 1859, were merged in 1869 in "charcoal and coke." In 1889 the charcoal plants were included under "timber products, not manufactured at mill," but the value of charcoal was given separately as $1,339,524. Comparable statistics for the industry are gi^'en in Table 223. Two large establishments engaged in wood distillation in Michigan were classed under "charcoal" in 1904 because the charcoal product had the greatest total value. At the census of 1909 these establishments reported a greater value for wood alcohol and other distillates from wood than for charcoal and were therefore classed under "wood distillation, not including txirpentine and rosin." Tliis is the principal reason for the apparent decrease from 1904 to 1909. A decrease from 1909 to 1914 is due primarily to the fact that an important establishment classified as charcoal in 1909 changed its product to such an extent that it was classed as a lumber mill in 1914. There was a considerable decrease also occasioned by the reduced production of charcoal pig iron. The statistics for the industry must not be accepted as representing the total pro- duction of charcoal, because establishments classified as "wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin," reported a production for 1914 valued at $2,80l,401. The manufacture of charcoal to some extent was also reported by estabUshmenta assigned to the chemical industry and large quantities are made and consumed in blast furnaces. WOOD PRESERVING. Establishments engaged in treating wood, principally ties, piling, blocks for paving, poles, etc., with creosote, coal tar, crude oil, and other preservatives to prevent decay and for protection against fire and against insects, moUusks, worms, and other parasites are included in this classification. Statistics for the industry from 1879 to 1914, in- clusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, wood preeerving to the value of $277,192 was reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries, prin- cipally paving materials. LEATHER AND ITS FIJSrJSIIED PEODUCTS. 143 LEATHER AND ITS FINISHED PRODUCTS. THE GKOUP AS A WHOLE. The following table shows the induBlries inchided in this general group and the number of establishments, average number of wage earners, capital, total wages paid, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture for each, as reported for the census of 1914. The total value of products for the group, whichrepresents4.6percentof the total value of manufactured, products for the country, involves much duplication, the products of the tanneries being used as materials for the other industries listed. Tatole 87 LEATHER AND ITS TTN'ISnEI) FRODUCTy: 1914. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Capital. Wtijies. Cost of materials. VaJue of products. Value added by man- lufacture. Expressed inthousands. Total Leather, tanned, curried, and fin- ished ■Finished products of leather Belting, leather Boots and shoes, not includ- ing rubber boots and shoes .. Regularfactory product . - . Contract work Stitching CMmping Buttonholes Overgalters, moccasins, andJeggingS- Boot and shoe cut slock, ex- clusive of that produced in boot and shoe factories Boot and shoe findings, exclu- sive f those produced in "boot a,nd shoe factories Ci loves and mittens, leather — Ppclcetboolcs Saddlery and harness Trunks and valises Leather goods, not elsewhere specified 6,758 807,060 S743, 347 741 6,017 ISl 1,355 1,248 18 24 4 53 369 332 64 !,.551 561 378 S5,936 251,124 2,951 191,555 189,774 364 571 6 50 790 7,,S19 6,714 10,668 1,466 12,969 9,911 7,071 332, ISO 411, 167 20,139 254, 591 253,117 53 93 9 16 30, 4.-.5 12,,W3 17,080 1,610 45, 207 18,671 10,951 $169,358 31,915 137,443 2,070 105,695 104,S.'i7 209 263 4 24 4,052 3,226 4,558 702 7,996 5,640 3,604 $753, 135 81,104,595 284,245 468,890 15,480 310,357 309, 241 65 48 997 20,304 12,171 1,784 33,086 13,626 10,632 367,202 737,393 23,036 501,760 499, 145 355 382 10 50 1,818 59,964 28,303 21,614 3,351 83,559 26,472 19,334 82,957 268,603 7, 556 191,403 189,904 290 334 10 44 821 7,999 9,443 1,.567 20j473 12,847 8,702 LEATHER, TANNED, CUH.EIED, AND FINISHED. The establishments included in this classification manufacture leather from hides and skins of all kinds, domestic and imported, by various methods of taiming, such as the oak, the hemlock, and the chrome or other chemical processes. The cla^ssifi- catiou also includes the currying and finishing of leather to be used for various pur- poses, as in the manufactm-e of shoes, belting, gloves and mittens, bags.harness, and Itrunks; in the automobile, carriage, and furniture industries; and in the binding of books. Many establishments tan or curry and finish leather under contract for con- cerns other than those engaged in the leather industry. The total value of products for the industry does not include the value of leather thus made for concerns m other industries, but only the amount received for the processes performed. Table 88 gives the statistics of materials and products for the leather industry for 1914, 1809, 1904, and 1899. The niunher of hides and skins treated, including those treated as custom work for others not tanners, curriers, or finishers, as well as those used in further manufacture by the establishments treating them, -was 138,547,692 in 1914, 14€,328,586 in 1909, and 131,011,956 in 1904. Comparative figures for this aggregate for 1899 are not a-\^ailable. The total value of products reported, including that shown by establishments engaged primarily in other industries, but making leather for further manufacture in the same establishment, was 1374,512,936 for 1914 as compared with $334,105,561 for 144 CENSUS OP MANTJFACrUEES : 1914, 1909, an increase of 12.1 per cent. Of this total $25,556,064 in 1914 and $21,533,735 in 1909 represent the value of "all other products" and amounts received for tanning and finishing done for others. TalOle 88 LEATHER, TANISED, CURRIED, AND FrNTSHED. 1914 1909 1934 1899 HnjES AND SKINS TREATED.l Cattle hides: Number Cost Skins: Calf and kip — Number Cost Goat and kid — Number Cost Sheep and Iamb — Number Cost All other raw stock, cost PRODUCTS. Total value Leather, value Sole- Sides Value Hemlock — Sides Value Union — Sides Value Oak- Sides Value Chrome- Sides Value Belting — Butts Value Harness — Sides A^alue Upholstery, value Bookbinders', value Cattle side upper (other than patent)— Sides Value Sold in rough, value Sides- Number Value Grains- Sides Value Splits, value All other, value All other products, value Amount received for tanning and finishing for others 17,457,591 $148,751,002 16,067,793 S33, 117, 713 37,755,867 $23,916,965 40,090,198 $19,247,082 $7,917,469 18, 360, 415 $119,410,767 19, 732, 638 $31, 790, 572 48,077,664 $27,833,214 26,082,060 $12,231,618 $3, 792, 386 17,581,613 $89,126,693 12,481,221 $15,725,616 47,665,603 $26,756,012 27,492,359 $10,647,883 $3,311,821 15,838,862 $77,784,760 8,944,464 $10,792,485 48,046,897 $24,950,223 24,607,642 $8,457,995 $1,560,506 2 $367, 201, 705 2$327,874,187 2$252,620,986 $204,038,127 $341,790,436 18,075,482 $110, 188, 059 5, 626, 696 531,007,435 G, 5&S, 799 ■«42, 457, 755 6,267,936 $38,384,002 592,051 $4, 338, 807 647, 224 $8,309,684 2, 777, 312 $20,969,109 $14,328,368 ?1, 362, 073 8, 245, 904 S32, 939, 139 $4,494,985 584, 662 $2,115,432 144,269 $538, 404 $1,841,089 1143, 144, 409 $13,134,413 $12,270,856 $306,476,720 17, 805, 252 $88,331,713 7,963.728 $32, 237, 151 5,756,227 $28,376,816 3,805,861 $26,083,793 279, 436 $1,634,954 521, 036 $6, 995, 133 3,940,236 $24, 802, 734 $14, 206, 742 $2,450,165 7,946,769 $24, 198, 993 $6,335,599 828, 887 $3,539,617 317,814 $718, 562 $2,077,420 $139,095,651 $8,632,689 $12,704,778 $236,765,803 17,937,938 869,205,600 9,929,964 $32,676,015 4,400,011 $17,371,780 3,607,903 $19,157,805 (') P) 429, 782 $4,764,456 4,369,561 $20, 274, 188 $7, 780, 804 $2,283,761 6, 850, 469 $15,487,252 $10, 180, 949 2,054,281 $7,801,249 258,624 3584, 418 $1,795,282 $106, 798, 793 $7, 665, 223 $8,189,960 $194,202,063 15,472,072 $55,481,025 9,810,996 $29,305,561 3,096,162 $12,807,262 2,562,814 $13,359,836 2,100 $8,966 736,008 $7,092,778 3,444,616 $16,712,056 $5,748,387 $1,688,413 8,141,093 $17,478,802 $6,864,345 1,397,140 $4,256,471 322,147 $806,422 $1,801,452 $83,135,657 $5,514,395 $4,321,669 "Exclusive of 428,106 hides and 274,728 skins for 1914, 252,639 hides and 194,796 skins tor 1909, and 12,453 hides fuid 39,2&5 skins for 1904, which were treated in estabhshments engaged primarily in other Industries, but which made leather for use in further manufacture; also exclusive of 1,841,017 hides and 22.162,746 skms for 1914, 1,903,278 hides and 27,930 887 skins for 1009, 961,431 hides and 21,792,110 skins for 1904, treated lor others not tanners, curriers, or linisners. /J'^.'^iUS^y 0' iS^t'^*"' to tl^e "^'a'u? o' $7,100,436 for 1914, to the value of 80,095,106 for 1909, and to the value of 8154,932 for 1901, made for use m further manulacture by establishments engaged primarily in other 8 Not reported separately. LEATHER AND ITi3 FINISHED PEODUCTS. 145 The following table gives for 1914 the quantities and values for a number of products for which statistics in detail were not compiled at prior censuses: TaDle 89 CLASSIFICATION. LEATHER, TAXNED, CURRIED, AND FIN- ISHED, 1914. Unit. Quantity. Vaiue. Upper Calf and kip Goat and kid Sheep and lamb Cabretta, kangaroo, and wallaby All other except cattle side and horse Cattle side upper (other than patent) Chrome Combination (chrome and vegetable tannage).. Vegetable Patent Cattle Skins. Skins. Skins. Skins. Sides., Sides.. Sides.. Call and kip Goat and kid Sheep and lamb . Colt Another Fancy Calf and kip Goat and kid Sheep and lamb . Another Glove Calf and kip Goat and kid Sheep and lamb All other, except horse.. Horse (other than patent) . . Upper Glove Other horse Harness Hemlock. Union Oak Chrome... Upholstery (auto, furniture, and carriage). Whole-hide grains Wholo-hlde splits Belting Oak Chrome Belting OfEal. Bookbinders' Whole-hide leather . . Pig and other skins. Finished splits Whole-side splits . Butt splits Case, bag, and strap Skirting Saddlery Chamois Suspender Piano action All other, including lace, collar, etc. Miscellaneous by-products Wool Hair Glue stock Fertilizer materials All other products and by-products.. Sides.. Sides.. Skins. Skins. Skins - Skins. Skins. Skins. Skins. Skins. Skins . Skins. Sides.. Sides.. Sides.. Sides.. Sides.. Hides. Hides. Butts. Butts. Hides. Skins.. Sides.. Butts. Sides.. Sides.. Skins. Skins. Skins. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 15,8(i9,401 29,874,538 16, 794, 041 3,730,260 4,084,829 1,339,446 2,221,689 1, 791, 320 1,035,711 58, 135 3,014,790 975, 327 223, 169 302,816 1,132,254 6,051,190 356,935 S,694 3,(337,279 400,741 343,949 214,660 274, 489 1, 155, 202 1,342,301 5,320 654,063 1, 104, 501 638, 789 8,435 248, 726 265, 133 7,359,312 1.288,467 1,004,581 311, 646 236, 138 1,948,533 126, 251 8,413,541 65, 262, 896 264, 579, 971 22, 989, 737 $85,051,550 41,812,734 26,113,234 10,885,175 4,198,017 2,042,390 32, 939, 139 19,119,061 4,753,030 9,067,048 15,590,812 7,016,709 2, 547, 401 100, 612 3,966,677 632, 303 812, 638 514, 572 8,775,968 674, 366 1,200,218 4,531,371 2,370,013 3,280,352 725, 024 4,080 2,169,839 387, 409 2,881,924 1,360,103 998, 303 523, 518 20,969,169 2, 105, 769 8,114,748 10, 726, 202 22,450 14,328,358 8,172,698 0, 155, 060 9, 198, 126 8,235,075 134, 509 828, 542 1,362,073 1,079,529 283, 144 8, 547, 153 7, 788, 080- 759,007 5,383,255 2,082,963 974, 197 925, 492 321, 964 159, 031 8,335,266 13,134,413 2,496,741 2,361,975 2, 806, 383 198, 848 5,270,466 67031°— 17- -10 146 OElSrSUS OF MANUFACrUEES: 1914. The statistics for "leather, tanned, curried, and finished" were first reported separately at the census of 1849. Table 223 (p. 648), shows the chief items for each census fi'om 1849 to 1914, inclusive. The apparent decrease from 1879 to 1889 in value of products and cost of materials is due to the fact that in 1879, as at earlier censuses, a plant engaged both in tanning and in currying and finishing was treated as two establishments, thus involving much more duplication than occurs in the figures for later censuses. HIDES AND SKINS TAKEN FROM ANIMALS KILLED IN THE UNITED STATES: 1903. By reason of a special amendment to the Thirteenth Census act, the Oensus Bureau collected statistics regarding the number of animals killed for food and the number of hides and skins taken oft, not only in the wholesale slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, but also by retail butchers and on farms and ranges. Each wholesale or retail slaughtering establishment was required to report the number of hides and skiua taken off, a number which differs somewhat from the total number of animals slaughtered. In the case of farms and ranges it has been assumed that the hides or skins were taken from all the animals reported as slaughtered, except, of course, from swine; but it was not considered practicable to ascertain the number taken off animals dying a natural death. The following table shows the results of this inquiry: Tatole 90 HFDES AND SKINS FEOM ANIMALS KILLED: 1909. Total. In slaughter- houses, render- ing establish- ments, etc. On farms and Total. OS Calves Sheep and lambs- Goats and kids. - - Horses and colts.. All other animals. 33, 6C5, 1 13,764,686 6,196,043 14,274,413 287,497 114, 834 27,696 30,476,414 12,338,046 4,094,443 13,744,887 168,508 114,834 27,696 3,188,755 1,408,640 1,131,600 529,528 118,989 In addition to the hides and skins taken from animals in the United States, the tanning establishments use large numbers that are imported. On the other hand, there is some exportation of green hides and skins. BELTING, LEATHEH. The establishments included in this classification manufacture all kinds of leather belting used principally for the transmission of power, which covers belting for auto- mobiles, motor cycles, and cycle cars, as well as for machinery. The industry prior to 1914 was "belting and hose, leather" but the designation was changed to "belting, leather" as only a small quantity of leather hose is made. No establishments were reported at the censuses of 1914 or 1909 aa engaged primarily in the manufacture of leather hose, but the figures for the earlier censuses, in Table 223, (p. 576), include the manufacture of leather hose. Leather for belting is a product of the tanneries, and statistics for its manufacture are given in Table 87. In addition to the products covered by Table 223, leather belting to the value of 1738,174 was reported as the finished product of tanneries and other classifications in 1914 as compared with $237,801 m 1909. Table 64 (p. 91) gives the statistics for the different kinds of belting. BOOTS AND SHOES, INCLUDING CUT STOCK AND FINDINGS. This group includes three industries— those engaged in the manufacture of leather boots and shoes, of boot and shoe cut stock, and of boot and shoe findings, respec- tively. Aa a number of large manufacturers of boots and shoes cut out their own stock and make some of the articles classed as findings, only the combined totals for the three industries are shown in Table 91. The total vakie of products for the industry as a whole necessarily involves considerable duplication. Separate sta- tistics are given in Table 223 for each industry. It should not be assumed that the values shown for "cut stock " and ' ' findings " represent the total value of such products made. LEATHER AND ITS FINISHED PRODUCTS. 147 Table 91 BOOTS AND SHOES, INCLUDING CUT STOCK AND FINDINnS. CENSUS YEAR. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. WaRe earners (average number.) Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value ot products. Value added by man- ufac- ture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 1,960 1,918 1,895 2,253 2,881 2,347 206,088 198, 297 160,294 151,231 142, 116 115,972 112.929 96,302 63,968 65,489 35, 461 11,574 8297,609 222,324 136, 802 110,363 103,693 45,184 $112,973 98,463 73,072 61,924 63,764 44,358 $382, 112 332, 738 225,288 191,456 136,399 110,019 SS90,027 512, 798 357,688 290,047 245,359 176,518 $207,913 1909 180,060 1904 132,400 1899.. 98, 591 1889 108,960 1879 68,499 Boot and shoe cut stock, exclusive of that produced, in boot and shoe factories. — The establishments included in thia classification are engaged primarily in the manufacture of soles, tops, lifts, leather and rubber heels, tips, inner soles, and similar articles. Products of the same character are manufactured by establishments in the boot and shoe industry, and in addition, cut stock to the value of $2,076,236 was reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "belting, leather," and "boot and shoe findings." Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. Boot and shoe findings, exclusive of those produced in boot and shoe factories. — The establishments included in this industry manufacture supplies, such as trim- mings, pipings, cotton and paper specialties, uppers, tongues, facings, bindings, steel, copper, and wooden shanks, fiber board and counters, wooden and cork heels, arch supporters, linings, metal protectors, vamp stays, rands, straps, beading, leather bows, buckles, box toes, eyelets, backstays, shoe tacks, staples, and shoe pegs. The statis- tics in Table 223 begin with the census of 1869. In 1859 one establishment classified under "shoe and boot tips" and 43 establishments classified under "shoe findings" reported products valued at $456,928. At the census of 1849 there were 24 establish- ments classified under "shoe pegs," with a product valued at $73,918. In addition to the products given in the table, boot and shoe findings to the value of $762,493 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries._ Boot and shoe fac- tories manufacture findings for their own consumption to a considerable extent. Boots and shoes, not including rubber boots and shoes. — The establishments in- cluded under this classification are engaged primarily in the manufacture of men's, women's, and children's shoes, boots, slippers, sandals, and similar articles. Some of the establishments work upon materials furnished by others, while some do only certain processes of manufacture, such as bottoming, heeling, and lasting. Certain diops do stitching only, others crimping only, some do nothing but work buttonholes in uppers, and a number make overgaiters, moccasins, and leggings, as their chief product. Separate data are shown for 1914 in Table 87 for (1) the regular factories making boots, shoes, etc., from their own materials, although they may do contract work; (2) fac- tories doing the whole or part of the work of manufacture on materials furnished by others; (3) stitching shops; (4) crimping; (5) establishments making buttonholes in uppers; and (6) the manufacture of footwear, not strictly boots and shoes, such as over- gaiters, moccasins, leggings, etc. Prior to the census of 1879 the statistics for the boot and shoe industry included those for the small shops engaged in custom work and repairing. The statistics for the factory industry were first reported^ separately at that census. The figures for that and subsequent censuses are shown in "rable 223. The following table shows the quantity and value of the principal classes of products for 1914, 1904, and 1899. Statistics for 1909 are not included, as the value of the differ- ent classes was not reported at that .census. 148 CE-NSUS OF MAN-TJFACTUBES : 1914. Table 93 BOOTS AND SHOES. 1914 1904 1899 Total value Boots, shoes, and slippers; Total number of pairs Total value Boots and shoes — Number of pairs , Value , Men's— 1 Number of pairs , Value , Boys' and youths'— Number of pairs , Value , Women's — Number of pairs Value Misses' and children's — Number of paiis Value Fiber- Number of pairs Value suppers- Number of pairs , Value , Men's, boys', and youths'— Number of pairs Value Women's, misses', and children's — Number of pairs ; , Value Infants' shoes and slippers- Number of pairs Value All other kinds — Number of pairs Value All other products, including amount received for work done for others 1 S501, 760, 458 1 S320, 107, 458 $258,969,580 292, 666, 468 1489,053,124 252, 516, 603 $455,398,112 98,031,144 $219, 994, 422 22, 895, 719 $32, 852, 560 80, 916, 239 $148,433,738 48, 322, 395 $51, 870, 908 2,351,106 $2, 246, 484 17, 733, 689 $22, 024, 283 3, 666, 972 $3,450,362 14,066,717 $18,673,921 15,476,763 $7,672,774 6,939,413 $4,057,965 $12,707,334 242, 110, 035 $315, 987, 387 216, 039, 401 $298, 668, 865 83, 434, 322 $142,038,632 21.717,236 $24, 301, 298 69, 470, 876 S98, 262, 016 41,416,967 $34, 056, 919 (') 17,618,291 $13,896,832 4, 403, 097 $3, 464, 561 13, 116, 194 $10,532,271 m 8, .552, 343 $3,331,690 $4, 120, 071 217,965,419 $255,720,266 196, 589, 173 $240,744,149 67, 742, 839 $108,105,938 21,030,479 $20,739,297 64,972,653 $81,804,303 41,843,202 $30,094,611 ^] 17,092,841 $12,934,606 4,446,965 $2, 800, 213 12,645,876 $10,134,393 5, 283, 405 $2,041,511 $3,2)9.314 ' Exclusive of boots and shoes to the value of $865,582 for 1914, and to the value of $89,000 for 1904, reported by establishments engaged primarily in other industries. ' Not reported separately. The value of "all other products" given in thia table includes shoes with aluminum Boles, and shoes with soles of steel, but with leather tops and an inner sole, also wooden, logging, athletic, and sporting shoes, shoes with wooden soles, shoe pegs, bathing slippers, sandals, and wooden dancing clogs, and dancing clogs with wood soles. The steel and aluminum soled shoes are used around furnaces, where a leather sole would soon be destroyed, and the wooden shoes are used principally for outdoor wear by some of the foreign born. The number of pairs of different kinds of boots and shoes and slippers manufactured are shown in the following table for 1914 and 1909. Statistics of this character are not available for censuses prior to 1909. TaDle 03 Census year. NUMBER OF PAIRS OF BOOTS AND SHOES, BY CHARACTER OP MANUFACTURE: 1914 AND 1009. KIND. Total. Welted. Turned. McKay. Wood or metal fastened. Boots and shoes 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 262,516,603 247,643,197 104,466,823 87,391,763 29,609,882 28,317,990 93,448,378 107, 063, 044 24,991,620 20,809,800 Men's 98,031,144 93,888,892 22,895,719 23,838,626 80,910,239 86,595,314 48,322,395 43,320,365 2,351,106 (') 63,975,763 53,212,450 4,229,490 4,423,934 28,319,295 25,871,899 7,803,807 3.883,480 138, 408 (') 582, 802 989,240 41, 210 60,377 15,066,037 14,281,764 11,837,713 10,996,609 2,082,120 (') 14, 951, 419 20,438, 685 13,451,259 15,016,611 38,738,466 44,518,966 28,178,763 27,089,482 128,482 0) 18,521,160 19,248,017 5,173,760 4,347,704 792,442 1,022,685 602,122 1,360,794 2,036 Boys' and youths' Women's Misses' and children's Fiber ' Not reported separately. LEATHER AND ITS FINISHED PEODUCTS. 149 Table 93— Continued. Census year. NUMBEB OF PAIES OF BOOTS AND SHOES, BY CHAKACTEB OF manufacture: lou and moo. KIND. Total. Welted. Turned. McKay. Wood or metal fastened. Slippers 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 11914 1909 17,733,089 17,507,834 1,362,287 1,318,995 9,087,331 7,011,748 7,222,128 8,396,874 61,943 180,217 Men's, l5oys', and youths' . Women's, misses', and children's. Infants' shoos and slippers. . . All other 3,066,972 4.802,841 14,086-, 717 12,704,993 15,470,763 15,000,721 6,939,413 4,865,429 296,078 648,007 1,060,209 670,988 804,015 1,979,593 21,575 1,429,249 1,503,428 1,733,742 7,523,903 5,878,000 13,226,124 11,447,508 3,455,624 1, 189, 742 1,753,623 2,286,652 5,408,505 6,110,222 1,311,024 1,520,072 3,328,214 1,286,281 63,843 134,440 8,100 45,777 75,000 63,548 134,000 900,157 ' Includes athletic, sporting, logging, and mining shoes, sandals, and felt, and other liber slippers. GLOVES AND MITTENS, LEATHER. Establishments manufacturing all kinds of gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, lined and unlined, made wholly or in part from leather, are included under this classification. The industry was designated ''gloves and mittens "at censuses prior to 1904, but since that period fur gloves and mittens have been classified under "fur goods," and knit gloves and mittens under ''hosiery and knit goods." The quantity and value of the different kinds of products reported for this branch of the leather industry for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following table: Table 9-4: GLOVES AND MITTENS, LEATHER. 1914 1909 1901 1899 Total value. Gloves, mittens, and gauntlets: Do2en pairs Value Men's — Dozen pairs Value Unlined— Dozen pairs Value Lined — Dozen pairs Value Part leather and pai't fabric- Dozen pah's Value Women's and children's — Dozen pair's Value Unlined — Dozen pairs Value Lined- Dozen pahs Value Boy's — Dozen pairs Value Unlined— Dozen pairs Value Lined — Dozen pairs Value 1 $21, 614, 109 '823,030,598 '$17,740,385 1 $16, 926, 156 All other products, value. 3,082,376 $20, 296, 558 2,3a7,263 $15,334,605 1,571,049 811,280,801 594,880 $3, 584, 118 200, 734 $463,020 425,601 $3,963,170 325,530 $3,190,761 99,971 $760,409 289,012 $998,783 51, 797 $199,630 237,815 $799, 153 $1,317,551 3,368,055 $22, 525, 861 2,585,977 $17,060,797 1,064,718 $11,838,623 921,259 $5,222,174 479,604 $4,390,423 326,690 $3,375,560 152,974 $1,014,863 303,014 $1,074,641 90, 511 $371,306 212,503 $703,335 $1, 104, 737 3,370,140 $17,122,772 2,915,415 $14,515,770 1,598,332 $8,182,689 1,317,083 $6,333,081 (») 454,731 $2,607,002 213,370 $1,576,159 241,301 $1,030,843 (-) (") $617, 013 2 2,895,601 2 $10, 039, 108 2,267,327 $12,418,258 1,314,507 $7,458,356 952,820 $4,959,902 604,330 $3,470,253 337, 181 $2,222,342 207,149 $1,247,916 m $880,988 1 For 1914, exclusive of 16 establishments engaged prunarily in other industries, that made 206,327 dozen pail's of leather gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, valued at $642,462; for 1909, exclusive of 16 similar establish- ments that made 36,944 dozen pairs ofleather gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, valued at $264,961; for 1904, of gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, to the value of $106,164; and for 1899, exclusive of gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, to the value of $217,157. , j. . .,, ^ ^ , ,. o 2 Includes 24,004 dozen pairs of gauntlets, valued at $150,0o2, not distributed by kinds. 3 Not reported sepai'ately. 150 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1014. The general statistics for the industry for each census from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 630). The apparent decrease in the number of wage earners employed since 1899 is due to the fact that prior to 1909 the statistics included an' estimate of the number of employees working at their homes on contract or piece- price work. At the census of 1914 there were 4,778 reported as employed in this manner, but they were not included with the regular employees and the amount paid tor the work was reported as paid for contract work. Table 95 shows for 1914 the number of pairs of gloves, mittens, and gauntlets manu- factured from different kinds of leather and the value of the different styles of gloves manufactured during the year. Table 95 GLOVES AND MITTENS, LEATHER: 1914. Total. Unlined. Lined. 487,324 173,744 $4,974,044 $1,557,039 87,744 118,935 255,469 33,108 104,225 17,036 10,728 1,482 29,158 3,123 Part leather arid i)art fabric. Women's and . children's — Unlined. Lined, Dress gloves, street gloves, mittens, and gauntlets: Dozen pairs Value Domestic lamb or sbeep skin, dozen pairs Imported lamb or sheep akin, dozen pairs Mocha, dozen pairs Goat or "real"' kid, dozen pairs... All other, dozen pairs Working gloves, mittens, and gaunt- lets: Dozen pairs Value Sheepskin, dozen pairs Horseliide, cattle hide, or calfskin, dozen pairs Deer or elk skin, dozen pairs All other, dozen pairs 1,086,569 $10, 494, 233 288,827 525,109 208,821 24,298 39,454 1,995,807 $9,802,305 675, 190 852,513 94,002 374, 102 325,530 $3,190,701 28,798 208,416 70,073 10,593 7,050 99,971 $706,409 53,350 28,116 16,887 1,495 123 Men's. Boys',1 1,084,325 $0,312,817 262,665 525,803 80,971 214,886. 421,136 $2,027,079 137,956 208,111 12,201 62,808 200,734 $403,626 55,973 64,772 79,9 51,797 $199,630 41,417 266 1,814 237,815 $799,153 177,179 47,527 564 12,545 * No working gloves were reported for women and children. LEATHER GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. The establishments included in this industry manufacture principally hand bags, belts, straps, suspender trimmings, music rolls, burnt-leather goods, razor strops, cases for holding papers, cigar and cigarette cases, physicians' cases, leather-covered buckles, fobs, handles, corners, embossed leather, firemen's leather helmets, wristlets for watches, jewel cases, diaries, memorandum books, pillows, table covers, tape for fur trimming, suspender parts, typewriter cases, gun, fishing tackle and rod cases, sweat- bands, bag tags, bindings, school bags, desk pads, kid hair curlers, wrist protectors, blanket straps, knife and ax sheaths, leather cups, washers, valves, gaskets, and tufts, collar bags, and tie and handkerchief cases, portieres, tie rings, shawl, trunk and auto top straps, cartridge belts, holsters, leggings, book binding, dog collars, leather garments, and similar products. At the census of 1859 nine establishments classified under "razor strops" reported products to the value of $56,800, and at the census of 1849 five classified under "morocco cases" reported products to the value of $31,200. Ko establishments fall- ing within the class known as "leather goods" were reported for 1869. Table 223 (p. 647) presents comparative statistics for the industry for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products shown in the table, leather goods to the value of $1,886,123 in 1914 and to the value of $1,924,943 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries. LEATHER AND ITS FliS^ISHED PRODUCTS. 151 POCEETBOOES. The prLncipal products reported by the establishments included in this classification are pocketbooks, purses, ladies' purse hand bags, cardcases, bill folders, music cases, brief cases, wallets, strap books, coin purses, etc., made chiefly of leather. The gen- eral statistics for the industry for the census years £i-om 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. &74). In addition to the products covered by the table, pocketbooks to the value of $678,374 in 1914 and $319,902 in 1909 -were reported by estabUshmenta assigned to other classifications, principally "leather goods, not else- where specified," and "signs and advertising novelties." While separate statistics are shown for leather goods, pocketbooks, saddlery and harness, and trunks and valLses, the same establishment quite frequently reported the manufacture of all or two or more of these products. This condition must be con- sidered in accepting the totals for the separate industries. SADDLEKY AND HAHNESS. Saddles and stirrups, saddletrees, wagon, buggy, and carriage harness, horse collars, halters, riding and other bridles, horee boots, sweat pads, saddle and horseshoe pads, turf goods, lines, straps, and feed bags are the principal products reported for estab- lishments included in this classification. The materials used are wholly or chiefly of leather, but dog harness, web halters and straps, rope halters, and wooden harness were reported. Because of the inclusion of small custom shops in the returns for cen- suses prior to 1899 the data shown in Table 223 are by no means comparable. In addition to the product given in the table, saddlery and harness to the value of $1,028,992 in 1914, and of $653,944 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "stoves and ranges," "belting, leather," "cord- age and twine," and "hardware, saddlery." TBTTNES AND VALISES. The establishments included in this industry manufacture for the most part tnmks (including automobile, wardrobe, steamer, and sample trunks) of wood, leather, can- vas and fiber, and suit cases, telescopes, sample medicine and vacuum bottle carry- ing cases, hat and trunk boxes, luncheon kits, satchels, golf and traveling ba^ of leather, leatherette, imitation leather, caavas, fiber, or other materials. Statistics for the industry from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 702). In addition to the product shown in the table, ti'unks and valises to the value of $296,201 in 1914, and $675,219 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "leather goods, not elsewhere specified," "saddlery and harness," and "fancy articlea, not elsewhere specified." 152 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. PAPER AND PRINTING. THE GEOTJP AS A WHOLE. Under this heading five closely related groups of industries are shown, namely, (1) the manufacture of paper and wood pulp; (2) the manufacture of articles from paper; (3) printing and publishing; (4) industries relating to printing and publishing, and (5) establishments printing wall paper, but not manufacturing the paper used. As industries of the second, third, and fifth classes use materials provided by those of the first, and to some extent by those of the fourth, there is considerable duplication in the value of products for the group as a whole. The table below shows the number of establishments, average number of wage earners, capital, total wages paid, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture for each of the industries included in the group "paper and printing," as reported at the census of 1914. Table 96 PAPER AND feinting: 191*. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of prod- ucts. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total Paper: Paper and wood pulp Paper exclusively Pulp exclusively Paper and pulp Manufactures of paper Bags, paper, not including bags made in paper mills Boxes, fancy and paper Paper boxes andTcartons All other Labels and tags Paper patterns Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not made in paper mills Envelopes Paper goods, not elsewhere spe- cified Playing cards All other Printing and publishing Printing and publishing, book and job Job printing Book publishing and print- ing Book publishing without printing Lmotype work and type- settmg Printing and publishing, music Printing and pubUshing Publishing without print- ing Printing and publishing, news- paper and periodicals lariating and pubUshing Printing, publishing, and job printing Publishing without print- ing Bookbinding and blank-book making Engraving, steel and copper plate, including plate printing. Lithographing 37, 196 718 495 63 160 1,711 69 1,043 1,014 29 108 25 58 18 90 310 3 307 33,471 12,115 11,080 154 665 216 180 36 19,317 1,332 14,208 3,777 1,124 399 336 452,900 Sl,433,176 88,457 42, 481 5,374 40,602 74,630 534,625 177, 413 36, 028 321, 184 138,888 3,505 45,311 44, 780 531 2,600 1,073 517 1,159 6,970 13,495 1,402 12,093 272,092 11, 078 60,027 68, 391 1,636 5,697 2,612 706 5,129 15,830 37,809 4,634 33, 175 720,232 113,121 104,684 6,309 176 1,952 873 818 55 114,376 46, 093 67,449 833 21,693 6,859 16,171 247,282 188, 847 19, 893 36,638 3,904 4,261 1,745 2,516 384, 746 174,848 170,054 39,843 29,180 19, 079 35,685 S296, 493 53,246 24,681 3,255 25,310 33,473 1,659 18,705 18, 459 246 1,459 577 265 680 3,378 6,850 685 6,165 195,511 78,414 72, 408 4,000 111 1,895 573 542 31 88,561 42,349 45,622 690 11,576 4,627 11,861 S580, 715 213, 181 103,678 13, 733 95, 770 93, 741 12,201 36,268 36, 769 499 2,908 626 421 2,962 10,235 28, 120 918 27,202 257, 848 96,463 86,596 6,141 3,351 366 1,047 813 129, 082 70, 716 47,379 10,987 13,334 3,915 14,017 81,456,046 332,147 158,427 20,526 153,194 174,681 17,603 74, 711 73,684 1,027 6,584 3,026 1,055 4,350 18,481 48,871 3,898 44,973 901,534 307,331 247,326 17,398 38, 781 3,826 7,271 2,175 6,096 495,906 230, 503 176,272 89, 131 38, 104 13, 786 39, 136 1876,331 118,966 54, 749 6,793 57,424' 80,940 6,402 38,443 37,915 628 3,676 2,400 1,388 8,246 20,751 ■ 2,980 17, 771 643,686 210,878 160, 731 11,257 35,430 3,460 6,224 1,362 366, 824 169, 787 128,893 78,144 24, 770 9,871 26,119 PAPER AND FEINTING. 153 Table 96— Continued. PAPEK AND rKINTING; 1914. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Capital. Cost of ma- terials. Value of prod- ucts. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Industries relating to printing and publishing Engraving and diesinking Engraving, wood Photo-engravingj not done in printing establishments Stereotyping and electrotyping. Printing materials Type founding "Wall paper, not made in paper mills. 1,248 12,983 72 376 1,536 302 6,211 3,457 423 1,054 4,738 521,811 $11,660 $7,409 $31,797 1,865 246 1,076 310 596 96 3,134 719 7,703 4,710 1,771 5,516 6,167 3,001 340 666 2,798 2,2.55 763 901 15,3.59 8,154 2,111 2,320 17,620 2,703 8,536 15,887 $24,388 2,538 623 12, 561 5,899 1,348 1,419 7,351 PAPER AND WOOD PULP. The principal products manufactured by establishments under this classification are news, book, writing, and wrapping paper of all kinds, boards, blotting paper, tissues, roofing and sheathing paper, and wood pulp. Statistics of mills making paper exclusively, of those making both paper and wood pulp, and of those making wood pulp exclusively have been compiled separately for 1914 and 1909, and are given in the following table. Since many paper mills use the product of pulp mills as material, there is considerable duplication in the value of products for the industry as a whole. The relative amount of such duplication has varied somewhat from census to census. Many paper mills, of course, use basic materials other than wood pulp, such as rags, waste paper, straw, and fibers of various sorts. Where mills make pulp and convert it into paper, the value of products reported represents only that of the paper, and such pulp as is manufactured for sale to other establishments. Tattle 97 PAPER AND WOOD PULP: 1914 AND 1909. ESTABLISHMENTS ENGAGED PHIMA- EILY IN THE MANUFACTURE OF— Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Value added by manu- factm'e. Expressed in thousands. Total 1914 718 777 88,467 75, 978 $534,625 409,349 $.53,246 40,806' $213, 181 166, 442 $332, 147 267, 657 $118,966 102,215 1909 Paper exclusively: 191'! 495 538 160 158 63 81 42,481 37,649 40,602 32, 191 5,374 0,138 177,413 148,022 321,184 222,991 36,028 38,336 24,681 19,278 25,310 18, 151 3,255 3,376 103,678 79,692 95,770 72,093 13,733 13,057 158,427 129,381 153,194 116,708 20,526 21, 568 54,749 1909 49,689 57,424 Paper and pulp: 1914 1909 44,616 Puln exclusively: 1914 : 6,793 1909 7,910 Data for the industry as a whole, as reported for each census from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223 (p. 666). Table 98 presents statistics of materials and products in detail, for the census years 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. 154 CENSUS OF MAN-UFACTUEES : 1914. Tattle 98 TAPER AND WOOD PULP (TONS OF 8,000 POUNDS). 1914 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost. . Palp wood, total: Cords Value Spruce, domestic- Cords Value Spruce, imported — Cords Value I'oplar, domestic — Cords Value Poplar, imported — Cords Value Hemlock — Cords Value All other wood and waste — Cords Value Wood pulp, purchased, total: Tons Cost Ground, domestic — Tons Cost Ground, imported — Tons Cost Soda fiber, domestic — Tons Cost Soda fiber, imported — Tons Cost Sulphite fiber, domestic — Tons Cost Sulphite fiber, imported — Tons Cost Sulphate fiber, domestic — Tons Cost Sulphate fiber, imported — Tons Cost Screenings, mechanical — Tons Cost Screenings, chemical — Tons...... Cost Rags, including cotton and tla.x waste and sweepings: Tons Cost Old or waste paper: Tons Cost Manila stock: Rope — Tons Casi Jute bagging, waste, threads, etc. — Tons Cost Straw: Tons Cost . , Other stock for making paper: Tons Cost Sulphur: Tons Cost 5213,181,286 $165,442,341 4,470,763 839,408,453 1,892,739 $17,893,673 763,056 $9,008,609 328,513 $2,714,210 01,644 $582,924 602,754 $4, 176, 542 817,057 $5,032,495 1,521,980 $54,207,932 379, 263 $7,540,922 153,403 $3,148,755 155,635 $0,704,892 6,289 $297,838 436, 196 $19,762,127 201,172 $12, 128, 105 10,414 $079,326 88,497 $3,486,540 4,806 $41,841 21,245 $357, 586 301,007 $12,151,283 1,509,981 $19,101,400 64, 250 $2,492,094 50,914 $1,553,473 307, 839 $1,076,598 97,276 $1,778,009 136, 458 $3,134,699 All other materials. 14,001,007 $33,772,475 • 1,063,249 768,332 302,870 25,622 559,057 691,871 C) 1,241,914 $43,861,357 333,313 $6,704,475 119,. 536 $2,723,033 145, 103 $0,464,870 9,463 $397,994 453,636 $19,041,329 172,393 $8, 143, 397 "8,410 '$320,259 $77,017,680 See footnotes on p. 150, P) (') 3.57,470 $10,721,559 983,882 $13, 091, 120 117,080 $3,560,033 303, 137 $1,460,282 m $58,375,515 3,050,717 $20,800,871 1,732,631 $11,937,852 638,305 $4,570,017 213,058 $1,600,971 35,313 $261,000 (') (') -531,610 $2,534,431 877,702 $27,633,164 317,286 $5,754,259 120,978 $5,047,105 433,100 $16, 507, 122 < 6,278 1 $204, 078 (0 294,562 $8,864,607 .588, 543 $7,430,335 107, 029 $2,502,332 304,585 $1,602,886 (>) $1,903,066 130, 400 $3, 221, 834 $37, 332, .383 $70,630,230 1,986,310 $9,837,516 1,169:118 $5,580,942 349,084 $2,272,495 236,820 $1, 103, 133 20,133 $90,902 (») O 220, 155 $783,985 644,006 $18,369,464 261,962 $4,301,211 94, (M2 $3,430,809 273,194 $10,112,189 •14,808 '$465,255 P) (») (') w 234, 514 $6,595,427 356,193 $4,869,409 99,301 «, 437, 250 307,305 $1,396,659 P) 1817,075 m (=) $26,208,430 PAPEB AND FEINTING. 155 Tatole 98— Continued. PAPER AND WOOD PULP (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1914 Total value. Newspaper, in rolls or sheets: Tons Value Banging papers: Tons Value Poster paper: Tons Value Book paper: Fmiu— Tons Value Coated— Tons Value Cover- Tons Value Plate, lithograph, map, wood cut, etc.— Tons Value Cardboard, bristol board, card middles, tickets, etc.: Tons Value Fine paper: Writing paper — Tons Value All other fine paper- Tons Value Wrapping paper: Manila (rope, jute, etc.)— Tons Value Heavy (mill wrappers, etc.) — Tons Value Straw — Tons Value Bogus or wood manila, all grades- Tons Value : Kraft paper- Tons Value All other wrapping paper- Tons .- Value Tag stock (rope, jute, and sulphite): Tons Value '. Boards: Wood pulpboard— Tods Value Strawboard — Tons Value News board — Tons Value Binders', trunk, and press boards — Tons Value Leather boards- Tons Value All other boards — Tons Value Tissue paper: Tons Value Blotting paper: Tons Value 5$.332,147,17, 1909 1,313,2S4 $52,942,774 96,527 $4,488,910 7,883 $490,766 786,626 $58,496,221 117,342 $11,605,684 21,679 $2,800,377 9,332 $588,332 83,010 $5,376,434 195,351 $28,637,257 52,. 377 $.5,417,061 77,878 $7,070,254 98,780 $3,583,367 15,606 $519,309 353,987 $17, 975, 636 109,753 $6,949,244 225,795 $13,269,953 29,230 $1,935,693 116,419 $4,227,493 175,424 $4,270,519 127,966 $3, 502, 134 61,463 $2,663,744 26,689 $1, 177, 189 700, 844 $23,652,095 115,401 $11,535,720 14,157 $1,457,897 $2(.7,G.5fi,S04 1,168,093 $46,390,041 92, 158 $4,431,514 7,456 $465,519 575,616 $42,846,074 95, 213 $9,413,961 17, .578 $1,982,853 6,408 $555,352 51,449 $3,352,151 169, 125 $24,966,102 29,088 $4,110,536 73,731 $6,989,436 108, .'^ei $4,380,794 32,988 $870,419 367, 932 $19,777,707 12,661 $930,940 167, 194 $9,265,095 m (.') 71,036 $2,639,496 171,789 $3,750,851 74,606 $2,215,469 92,012 $3,819,071 422. leo $13,720,0.>7 77,745 $8,553,654 9,577 $1, 186, 180 1904 1899 $188,715,189 912,822 $35,906,460 62,608 $3,013,464 8 434,500 $31,156,72& O (") 22,150 $2,023,986 19,8»7 $1,408,343 39, 060 $2,7(H,444 131,9.34 $19,321,045 14,898 $2, S28, 125 86, 826 $6,136,080 96,992 $4,035,588 64,232 $1,389,348 228,371 $10,099,772 (') (') 177, 870 $8,774,804 m 60,863 $2,347,250 167,278 $4,367,560 38,560 $1,174,216 (') 2.53, 950 $9,070,531 43,C25 $5,050,438 8,702 $1,046,790 $127, 320, 162 669,212 $20,091,874 64,330 $2,265,>13 282,093 $19,466,804 C') ( ) $1,665,376 22,366 $2,018,953 28,414 $l,719,»:i 90,204 $12,222,870 22, 503 $3,673,104 89,'"!') $5,929,764 $4,143/240 91,794 $2,027,018 203,828 $9,148,077 (») (») 67,333 $3,293,174 m 44, 187 $1,406,130 167, ,534 $3,187,342 32, 119 . $930,531 0) 131,777 $4,829,310 28,406 $3,486,062 4,351 $580,750 See footnotes on p. 150. 156 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 98— Continued. PAPER AND WOOD POLP (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1914 1904 1899 PRODUCTS — continued. Building,roofing, asbestos,and sheathing paper: Tons Value All Other paper: Tons Value Wood pulp made for sale or for consumption in mills other than where produced: Ground- Tons Value Soda fiber- Tons Value Sulphite fiber— Bleached — Tons Valu e : . Unbleached — Tone Value Sulphate fiber — Tons Value Screenings — Mechanical — Tons Value Chemical — Tons Value Another products, value Wood pulp. Quantity produced (including that used in mills where manufactured), total tons Ground, tons Soda fiber, tons Sulphite fiber- Bleached, tons Unbleached, tons Sulphate fiber, tons Screenings- Mechanical, tons Chemical, tons EQUIPMENT. Paper machines: Total number Capacity, yearly, tons Fourdrinicr— Number Capacity per 24 hours, tons Cylinder — Number Capacity jicr 24 hours, tons Pulp machines: Grinders, number Digesters, total number Sulphite fiber, number Soda fiber, number Sulphate fiber, number Capacity, yearly, tons of pulp Ground, tons Sulohite, tons Soda, tons Sulphate, tons 243,908 $9,475,733 93,346 $7,464,182 313; 951 $5,686,919 163,522 $7,213,086 214,627 $10,803,787 192, 687 $7,284,492 10,052 $359,957 2,553 $27,910 15,098 $301,666 $8,880,990 2,893,150 1, 293, 661 347,928 386,349 765,978 62,641 11,769 35,824 1,540 6,439,787 8f)9 13,545 681 8,024 1,497 681 301 197 23 3, 708, 130 1,789,363 1,341,622 499, 325 77, 820 225, 824 $9,251,308 93, 577 $6,869,169 310,747 $5,049,466 1.55,844 $6,572,152 444,255 $17,955,748 (-) (3) $4,738,549 2, 495, 523 1,179,266 238, 020 1,017,631 C^) (=) 1,480 5,293,397 804 10,608 676 6,316 1,435 .542 348 194 P) 3,405,021 1,809,083 1, 250, 983 344,953 145, 024 $4, 845, 628 106,296 -•re, 729, 820 273,400 $4,323,496 130,366 $5,169,615 376,940 $13,661,404 (-) $1, 924, 195 1,921,708 908,976 196, 770 756,022 ],309 3,857,903 752 8,509 617 4,740 1,362 617 208 2, 644, 763 1,613,088 885,092 244, 673 (=) 96,915 $3,025,967 49, 101 $2,796,841 280,052 $4,433,699 99,014 $3,012,602 271,585 $10,431,400 M $919,415 1,179,525 586,374 177, 114 410,037 {=) (■) (0 1,232 2,782,219 m (.') 5C9 1,168 426 (3) (3) (2) 1.536,431 (3) (3) 1 The quantity of pulp wool reported in 1999 represents that used by all mills manufacturing wood pulp, which includes a few where it wa.s not the primary product. 2 Not reported. 3 Not reported separately. ^ Reported as "other chemical fiber." 6 In addition, in 1914, nine e Jta!)lishment3 engaged primarily in the manufacture of paper boxes, Trr.Sng materials, and in other industries, produced paper and pulp to the value of $2,767,407, and in 190'J, 15 establishmouts of this character manufactured $2,567,207 worth of paper and pulp. PAPER AKD PEINTING. 15Y BAGS, PAPER, NOT INCLUDINa BAGS MADE IN PAPER MILLS. All kinds of paper bags are manufactured by tie establishments included under this classification. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclu- sive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the product shown in the table, there were reported for 1914 paper bags to the value of $2,482,038 manufactured in paper mills and to the value of $1,407,051 by establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing bags other than paper, and envelopes, and in other industries. A number of flour mills make the bags in which the products are sliipped, and the same is true of other industries, such aa ' ' lime ' ' and ' ' cement. ' ' The value of bags made in such establishments is not reported separately. BOXES, FANCY AND PAPER. The establishments in this classification manufacture a large variety of plain and metal-edged boxes, made of paper, news board, or cardboard, for confectionery, millinery, small cigars, cigarettes, lunches, hosiery, underwear, shoes, ribbon, shirts, druggists' preparations, face powder, bottles, silverware, cutlery, etc. Cartons, folding boxes, mailing cases, shipping drums, charlotte-russe boxes, holders, cans, ice cream and oyster boxes, pails, egg cases, and bonbon cups are among the articles reported. Although paper and wood pulp are the principal materials, the products also include lithographed, lacquered, and plain tin boxes, tea caddies and canisters of tin, and fancy boxes of wood covered with cretonne, silk, tapestry, and similar textiles. Statistics for the industry were first shown separately at the census of 1849. (See Table 223.) In addition to the products covered by the table there were reported for 1914 paper and other boxes similar to those included in this classification valued at i56,96],514, manufactured in paper mills and in establishments assigned to other industries, principally wooden packing boxes, bags, paper, paper goods, not elsewhere speci- fied, job printing, and industries requiring large numbers of boxes or cartons for their own use, as, for example, those making women's clothing, confectionery, corsets, boot and shoe cut stock, silverware, fancy articles, labels and tags, glass, hosiery and knit goods, needles, pins, and hooks and eyes, cigars and cigarettes, and toys and games. In 1914 separate data for those establishments whose product of chief value was paper boxes and cartons, and for those whose chief product was "other boxes" (those covered with textile fabrics, and o£ tin, etc.), are shown in Table 96. LABELS AND TAGS. The principal manufactures of establishments in this classification are labels for cans, bags, boxes, packages, and bottles; tags, tickets for clothing; soda checks, bag- gage checks, and checks for hotel, club, and restaurant use; cigar bands, litho- graphed cigar box labels, and wine and liquor labels, etc.; but patented special- ties, such as drug labels with dials to indicate the time for doses, and labels of woven cotton and silk fabrics, were also reported. Paper and cardboard are the principal materials used, but metals and other materials are used in some cases. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, labels and tags to the value of $3,492,853 in 1914, and of $415,896 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "boxes, fancy and paper," and "paper goods, not elsewhere specified." PAPER PATTERNS. The principal manufactures of establishments included under this classification are cut and stamped paper patterns for garments, embroidery, etc., transfer patterns, stencils, and fashion plates. Statistics for the industry from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, paper patterns valued at $1,487,576 in 1914 and $907,433 in 1909 were made incidentally by establishments printing and publishing newspapers and periodicals. CARD CUTTING AND DESIGNING. This industry includes the designing and cutting of cards._ Index, library, and record cards, guides, etc., stencil cards for addressing machines, coin cards, card novelties, photograph mats, mounts, and folders, cards for the display of jewelry and samples, Jacquard cards, pattern cards for weaving, and lacquered cards for textile industries are among the products specified. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. 158 CENSUS OP MANXJFACTUEES : 1014. In addition to the products covered by the table, jewelers' and sample cards to the value of $87,009 in 1914 and of $50, 635 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries— " boxes, fancy and paper," "engraving, steel and copper plate, including plate printing, " and "printing and publishing, boofcand job. " Doubtless, however, a large quantity of products similar to those of establishments in this classi- fication are made by other establishments which were unable to segregate their value from that of other products. Changes in the classification of individual establish- ments were doubtless largely responsible for the decrease from 1869 to 1879. PAPER GOODS. The manufacture of envelopes, cardboard, and paper goods, not elsewhere specified, is so closely allied that the three industries are combined and the totals presented in the following table: Table 99 PAPER GOODS. CEN3TT3 YEAR. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (averaee number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of prod- ucts. Value added ty manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 191 1 418 403 308 210 112 21,624 19,211 14,720 9,727 4,050 35,307 27, 067 16.226 10.421 3,364 358,768 48,662 27,345 18, 152 6,767 $10,808 8,169 6.577 3,658 1,529 $41,317 31,249 19.645 14,191 5, ,860 $71, 703 55, 171 33,946 24,355 10,106 $30,386 1909 23,922 1904 14,301 1899 10.164 1889 4,218 Cardhoard, not made in paper mills. — Establishments included in this industry are engaged principally in coating and lining box-boards and other paper boards for cards, boxes, picture mats, and the like. Cardboard is manufactured extensively in paper mills; the production in such mills in 1914 was valued at $5,376,434 and in 1909 at $3,352,151. At the census of 1859 six establishments in this industry re- ported the employment of 24 wage earners to whom they paid $7,620 in wages; the cost of materials was $6,136, and the value of products was $17,246. The next separ rate presentation was at the census of 1879. The statistics for 1879 to 1914 are given in Table 223. Envelopes. — Establishments under this classification manufacture a great variety of machine-made envelopes, including those with metal clasps and patented devices, for letters, circulars, pamphlets, and other matter, for filing systems, and for numerous other purposes. The manufacture of papeterie and paper boxes, as well as printing, ia frequently carried on in connection with envelope making. The manufacture of en- velojjes in this country is said to have begun about 1840. The census of 1849 was the first at which statistics were presented, two establishments reporting with a product valued at $45,000. Data for each census from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products shown in the table, envelopes to the value of $1,630,578 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "boxes, fancy and paper, ""stationery goods, not elsewhere specified," and "bags, paper, not including bags made in paper mills." Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. — Establishments classified under "paper goods, not elsewhere specified," make crepe and surface-coated paper; glazed, waxed, oiled, fireproof, and corrugated paper; tar, fly, toilet, and shelf paper; paper lace; cigarette paper; cut and fancy paper for box and book covers; paper printed in imitation of wood and of stained glass; blue-print paper; playing cards; papier-m4ch6; confetti; napkins and doilies; folding cases; milk bottles; bottle caps; mailing and shipping tubes; wrappers; diamond paper; trunk linings; gummed paper; paper twine; towels; lunch rolls; tooth-pick tubes; cigarette tubes; bands and brims for ladies' hats; ribbon; adding machine and cash register paper; serpentines; mailing cases and tubes; megaphones; gammed tapes; mottoes; cups; charlotte-russe boxes; bon bon or candy cups; impression paper; tubes and cones; silver print paper; machine-folded powder papers; and many other articles. PAPEE AKD PEINTING. "^ 159 Separate statistics are shown in Table 96 tor those establishments making playing cards as their product of chief value and for those manufacturing all other paper products. General statistics for the industry from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, paper goods of a similar character to the value of $3,155,683 in 1914 and of $2,369,437 in 1909 were reported by estab- lishments assigned to other classifications, principally paper and wood pulp, fancy and paper boxes, envelopes, glass, foundry and machine-shop products, wooden packing boxes, and paper bags. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING. Separate statistics have been compiled for the six industries of this group and are given in Table 96. There are many establishments in other industries that incidentally do printing, lithographing, etc., chiefly for themselves but sometimes for others. Although the value of such work was not reported separately in many cases, it was segregated for the printing departments of mercantile establishments doing a large mail-order business, and for large manufacturing concerns engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, and statistics for these are included. Such establishments do not sell their printed products — stationery, catalogues, pamphlets, cii'culars, and other advertis- ing matter — ^but use them in their regular business. The principal industries in which such work is incidentally done are "boxes, fancy and paper," "stationery goods, not elsewhere specified,'! and "cash registers and calculating machines." To a less extent it is done by establishments assigned to "bags, paper," "cleansing and polishing preparations," "boxes, cigar," "jewelry," "labels and tags," "paper goods, not elsewhere specified," "photo-engra\'ing," "signs and advertising novel- ties," "stereotyping and electrotyping, " and "toys and games." Considerable duplication appears in the total value of products of the industry as a whole and in some of the branches. The statistics given in the table below include book and job printing and publish- ing; the printing and publishing of music ; and of newspapers and periodicals. Under the head of job printing is included the job printing done by newspaper, periodical, and other establishments, as well as that of regular job printing establishments. Table 100 FEINTING AND PUBLISHING. X914 1909 1899 Total value . PUDLICATI0N3. Newspapers and jwriodicals Bubscriptions and sales Advertising Newspapers Subscriptions and sales Adverfasing Periodicals other than newspapers - Subscriptions and sales Advertising Ready-prints (patent insides and outsides) . Books and pamphlets: Published or printed and published — Printed for publication by others Sheet music and books of music; Published or printed and published Printed tor publication by others OTHER PEODtrCTS POE SALE AND IN EXECU- TION OF 0BDEE3. Job printing Machine composition for others Bookbinding and blank books Electrotyping, engraving, lithographing, etc All other products NEWSPAPERS AND PEEI0DICAL3. Number Aggregate circulation. i$M0.508,075 '1662,591,959 $.196,061,357 $547,054,430 419,209,701 163,577,690 265.632,611 2!!3,588,966 99,541,860 184, 047, 106 135,620,735 64,035,230 71,585,505 1,965,214 68,587,778 19, 049, 651 6,803,491 822, 685 249,730,932 6, 682, 098 15, 097, 109 9,698.611 13,860,875 22, 754 206,594.907 337,596,288 135,063.043 202, 533, 245 232,993,094 84,438,702 148, 554, 392 104,603,194 60,624,311 53,978,863 2,293,077 62,930.394 10,209,509 6,510,698 1,000,966 204,154,096 18,810,392 8,201,398 11.885,141 22,141 164,463.010 256,816,282 111,298,691 145,517,591 k h 53, 312, 492 m 4, 673, 6S5 149,262,070 15,565,118 S. 829, 888 12,601,822 21,848 150,009,723 175,789,610 79,928,483 95, 861, 127 (') 171,264,820 18.793 106,889,334 See footnotes on p. 161. 16C^ CEWSTTS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Tatole 100— Continued. PRODUCT. PKINTING AND PUBLI.SHING. 1914 1909 1904 1899 NEWSPAPEP.S AND PEBIODICAIS— Contd. By period oj issue. Daily: Number Aggregate circulation Sunday: Number Aggregate circulation Triweekly: Number Aggregate circulation Semiweekly: Number Aggregate circulation Weekly: Number Aggregate circulation Monthly: Number Aggregate circulation Quarterly: Number Aggregate circulation All other: Number Aggregate circulation By character. News, politics, and family reading: Number Aggregate circulation Religious: Number Aggregate circulation Agricultm'al, horticultural, dairy, stock raising, etc.: Number Aggregate circulation , Commerce, finance, insm-ance, railroads , etc. : Number Aggregate circulation , Trade journals generally : Number , Aggregate circulation General literature^ including monthly and quarterly magazines: Number Aggregate circulation Medicme and surgery: Number Aggregate circulation Law: Number Aggregate circulation Science and mechanics: Number Aggregate circulation Fraternal organizations: Number , Aggregate circulation Education and history: Number „„. , Aggregate circulation Society, art, music, fashions, etc.: Number Aggregate circulation College and school periodicals: Number Aggregate ciiculation , Labor : Number Aggregate circulation Reform and social science: Number Aggregate circulation Miscellaneous: Number Aggregate circulation 28, 16, 2, 50, 79, 18, 8, 2,580 777, 454 571 479,943 84 549,495 583 483,629 15, 172 336,963 2,822 190, 838 500 853,901 442 922,684 17,,'i74 69,533,556 1,412 34, 516, 249 346 18, 091, 350 323 2, 196, 988 873 9,284,145 284 38,495,435 178 910,085 65 75,571 135 1,683,381 312 7,092,692 231 2, 533, 833 212 14, 703, 958 303 363, 755 163 1, 633, 700 179 2,900,574 164 1, 689, 735 2,600 24,211,977 520 13,347,282 73 335, 389 635 2,312,919 15,097 40, 822, 965 2,491 63,280,635 361 16, 068, 099 364 4, 093, 874 17, 698 '61,074,990 1,251 29, 523, 777 316 11,327,253 264 1,411,738 686 3,572,441 340 31,322,036 197 931, 584 66 161,346 139 1,421,955 419 6,982,235 202 1,879,383 164 13,445,661 271 330,705 n 2,462 19, 632, 603 494 12,022,341 703 3,233,658 15,006 36,226,717 2,500 64,306,155 14,588,249 17, 032 53,355,893 1,287 22,383,631 360 8, 106, 275 364 2, 470, 832 627 3,428,596 328 30,616,577 192 1,054,948 81 194, 035 83 625,523 450 5,356,427 173 2,119,797 155 15,259,431 178 248,240 n n 2,226 15,102,156 667 o 699 3,061,478 12,979 34,242,052 1,817 37,869,897 605 16,613,751 15,606 « 0) (') (<) (<) (') W (') « « h 952 190 620 239 200 139 139 1,087,937 538 4,860,618 (') 293 See footnotes on p. 101. PAPER AND PEINTING. 161 Table 100— Continued. PKINTING AND PUBLISHING. 1911 1909 1901 1899 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS— COntd. By la-nguage, English: Number 21,272 193, 600, 407 1,482 11, 994, 600 46 477,436 540 4,095,672 121 755,367 167 1,261,585 235 , 1,655,363 373 3,655,363 20. 744 155,432,243 1.397 9,030,797 39 446,739 692 4,434,146 104 500,475 161 1,118,601 169 917,649 232 1,613,187 20. ,509 142,441,068 1.249 7,508,655 46 252, 135 700 3,922,227 63 319,450 162 1,149,619 128 605,987 150 1,319,237 17. 761 (1) Foreim (including foreign and English): 1,032 Aggregate circulation (') French: 31 (') German: 633 (') Italian: Number 35 W Scandmavian: Number 115 Aggregate circulation 0) Letto-Siavic: 75 Aggregate circiilation (') AU other: 143 0) ' In addition, printing and publisliing to the value of $2,813,574 in 1914 and ol 12,942,282 in 1909, was reported by establishments assigned to other industries, a Not reported separately. 8 Included with circulation of dailies. • Not reported. Piintlng and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. — Statistics as to periodicals published by estabUshments under this classification are shown in Table 100. This industry includes the printing of railway guides and other directories issued at fre- quent intervals, but not of theater programs or catalogues. All establishments pub- lishing, or printing and publishing, newspapers are classified under this heading, however large the value of their job printing or other printing business. Thisincludes publishers who have their printing done for them. Establishments which print periodicals for others to publish are included "with "book and job printing" estab- lishments. Statistics for 1914 for establishments in this industry which did their own printing, for those that also did job printing, and for such as contracted for their printing to be done in other plants, respectively, are presented in Table 96. Data for newspapers and periodicals were not shown separately until 1869. At the census of 1879 a special report on this branch of the printing and publishing in- dustry was made, but general statistics sufficient for a comparative statement were not published. Statistics for the census of 1869 and for each census from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. Printing and publishing, book and job. — Some estabUshments included in this classification both print and publish books and pamphlets; others publish but do not print them; others do no publishing, but print books, etc., for publishers and do miscellaneous jobs, such as the printing of posters, letterheads, billheads, cata- logues, cards, circulars, pamphlets, etc., and still others do linotype work or type- setting exclusively. The statistics for establishments of these several classes for 1914 and 1909 are given in Table 101. There is much duplication in the total value of products of the four classes of estab- lishments combined. Job printing is also done to a great extent by establishments assigned to the newroaper and periodical branch of the industry. The statistics for "Sprinting and publishing, book and job, " were first shown sepa- rately at the census of 1869 i these, with the figures for each subsequent census, are given in Table 223. - ' 67031°— 17 11 1G2 CENSUS OP MAIfUFACTUEES : 1914. Table 101 ESTABLISHMENTS ENGAGED rSniAEILT IS — Total, 1014 1909 Job printing: ■ 1914 1909 Book publishing without printing: 1914 1909 Book publishing and printing: 1914 1909 Linotype woric and typesetting: 1914 1909 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING, BOOK AND JOB. Number of es- tablish- ments. 12, 115 10,708 11,080 9,721 665 666 154 163 216 158 earners (average num- ber). 113,121 108, S87 104,684 99, 122 176 423 6,309 7,727 1,952 1,415 Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 186, 847 151,112 36,638 28,409 19,893 20,504 3,904 2,577 878, 414 66,521 72,408 60,596 111 316 4,000 4,354 1,895 1,255 196,453 77,«51 86,595 68,075 3,351 3,327 6,141 6,020 366 229 $307,331 250,926 247,326 198,007 38,781 32,859 17,398 17,339 3,828 2,721 160,731 129,932 35,4.30 29,532 11,237 11,319 3,460 2,492 The number of copies of the several classes of books and pamphlets reported as "published" in 1914 and 1909 is shown in the following table. Many books and pamphlets issued by business houses, societies and organizations, by public authorities, and others are not here included. The statistics represent essentially the business of what is commonly understood as book publishing. Table 103 CH.AEACTER OF BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS, 1914 1909- Total number published Biography and correspondence Description, geography, and travel Domestic and rural Education Fiction Fine arts, including illustrated gift books. History Humor and satire Juvenile Law Literature and collected works Medicine and hygiene PMlosophy,. Physical and mathematical science Poetry and the drama Political and social science Religion and theology Scientific and similar associations Pports and amusements Useful arts , Works of reference , 175,166,098 617,662 3,017,151 1,500,226 51,069,521 31,598,501 1,387,604 2,458,912 959,288 16,399,881 1,701,602 5,673,792 2,337,312 189,996 1,752,826 1,926,892 1,807,042 24,411,502 1,279,427 4,011,909 2, 133, 267 11,032,385 161,361,844 657,464 4,540,647 2,023,M3 41,636,847 46,942,399 2,849,371 2,923,187 885,262 10,184,030 1,496,194 5,037,972 1,519,480 265,077 356,413 1,980,824 1,882,429 23,608,230 1,258,562 2,430,074 1,104,699 7,799,590 Printing and publishing, music— The principal products of the establishments in this class are sheet music and books of music, but no establishment is included that does not itself publish the music. Plants printing music exclusively for others are included under book and job printing. The greater number of publishers of music had their printing and presswork done by others, as is shown by the statistics in Table 103. Establishments in the newspaper and periodical branch of the industry reported the printing and publishing of a considerable quantity of music, the value of which is not included in the table. At the census of 1859 two establishments were reported as engaged in printing and publishing music. After that no separate statistics were given for this branch of the industry until the census of 1889. PAPER AND PKINTING. 163 Table 103 PEINTINO AND PCTBLtSniNG, MUSIC. ESTABLISHMENTS ENGAGED rEiMABay in— Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added bv man- ufacture. Expressed in thousands. Total, 1914 180 178 873 738 S4,261 3.591 S573 439 31, 047 986 $7,271 5,576 $6,224 1909 4,590 Publishing without printing: 1914 144 138 36 40 55 7 818 731 2.516 2,277 1,745 1.314 31 2 542 437 234 384 813 602 5.096 3,795 2,175 1.781 4,862 1909 3,411 Publishing and printing; 1914 1,362 1909 1,179 LITHOGRAPHING. Thia industry includes establishments producing prints from designs inked upon stone or certain metals. The products include calendars, bank notes, commercial and bank forms, policies, fashion plates, labels, maps, picture post cards, religious cards and mottoes, show cards, lithometal novelties, blotters, advertising signs and pictures, hangers, booklets, cut-outs, wrappers, billheads, circulars, sketches, posters, art prints, view books and post cards, pictures, covers, etc. They also report cigar bands, checks, drafts, bonds, letterheads, pass books, tickets, liquor labels, etc., which are also among the products of estaljlxshments that do engraving on steel and copper plates. The making of designs and the preparation of lithograph plates of stone and metal, to be used oy others in printing, are often included. The statistics for this industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products shown in the table, lithographing to the value of $1,025,365 was reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries. BOOKBINDIlirG AKD BLANK-BOOK MAKING. The principal products of establishments in this classification are ledgers, account books, pass books, sales books, scrap books; receipts, orders, checks, etc., usually bound into books; loose-leaf devices and binders, holders and sheets; progi-am blanks, pay rolls, bills of lading, X-ray ledgers, radium indexes, inventory blanks, pamphlets folded and stitched, etc. The binding of books and pamphlets for the trade is an important branch of the business, which also includes embossing, book gilding, paper ruling and cutting, card, book, and paper etching, card beveling and bronzing, mounting maps and samples, etc. Many establishments assigned to other branches of the printing industry do more or lees work of the same character as those assigned to this branch. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, bookbinding and blank-liook maldng to the value of $827,024 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries. ENGHAVIIfG, STEEL AND COPPER PLATE, INCLTTDING PLATE PRINTING. Establishments assigned to this industry engrave steel and copper plates for use by others in printing, or engrave such plates and themselves make prints from them. The products include engra,ved stationery, visiting and other cards, invitations, announcements, securities, bonds, stock certificates, music plates, etc; maps, art engravings, etchings, book illustrations, half tones, and other illustrations of similar character. The industry is distinguished from that of "engraving and diesinkiug" in that the plates engraved in this industry are in all cases intended for use in printing. The statistics for the industry for each census from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are shown in Table 223. In addition to the value of products shown in the table, engraved steel and copper plates to the value of 1591,899 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries. 164 CENSUS OP manufactures: 1914. ENGRAVING AND DIESINKING. Establishments included in this classification are engaged in engraving and etching on metals for purposes other than printing, such as jewelry, silverware, and fancy metals. The work is frequently done on materials furnished by others. Many differ- ent classes of articles are engraved, chased, or etched, among others name plates, music plates, notarial seals, charms, letters, bracelets, chains, lockets, buckles, boxes, watchcases, fobs, and medals. Steel and brass dies for embossing and stamping are also manufactured. It is probable that the figures for this industry for 1869 and 1889 are not comparable with those for other censuses by reason of differences in the classi- fication of certain establishments. The statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, engraving and dieainking to the value of $196,247 in 1914 and of $112,694 in 1909 were reported by establishmenta assigned to other industries, principally "hand stamps" and "hardware." Beyond question, however, a great deal of engraving is done by other establishments as inci- dental to their business, and is not reported separately. ENGRAVING, WOOD. The .principal products of establishments under this classification are woodcuts for use in printing. Statistics for the industry wliich was first reported separately in 1879 are given in Table 223 for that year and subsequent censuses. The decreases from 1889 to 1899 are attributable to changes in the classification of individual estab- lishments and to the substitution of photo-engraving and other kinds of engraving for wood engraving. In addition to the products covered by the table, woodcuts to the value of $36,453 in 1914 and $17,778 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other indus- tries, principally photo-engraving. Woodcuts were also made to some extent by print- ing establishments, but the value of these was not reported separately. PHOTO-ENGRAVING, NOT DONE IN PBINTiNG ESTABLISHMENTS. Establishments included under this classification manufacture photo-engraved plates for printing. The photographic process is now by far the most common method of reproducing photographs, maps, chai'ts, diagrams, post cards, fasliion plates, art pictures, drawings, half tones, line plates, and illustrations of all sorts. The estab- lishments assigned to this classification do not ordinarily print from the plates which they make, but prepare them for printing by other concerns. A vaiiety of different processes are used for making the plates. Some establishments make a specialty of the reproduction of colored work by the photographic method. The designation of the industry at the census of 1889 was "photo-lithographing and engraving," and at the censuses of 1899 and 1904 "photo-lithographing and photo- engraving," but the scope was the same at these censuses as at the census of 1914. The statistics for the years 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are shown in Table 223. In addition to the value of products shown in the table, photo-engraving to the value of $183,286 in 1914 and of $205,203 in 1909 was reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "stereotyping and electrotyping." Many concerns in the printing industry, including, among others, periodical publishers, do photo-engraving work in connection with their general printing business. At the census of 1914 photo-engraving departments of printing establishments reported 1,771 persons employed and receipts for work to the amount of $2,200,694. STEREOTYPING AND ELECTROTYPING. A large part of the printing of periodicals and books at the present time is done not directly from type, but from plates prepared from the type by the stereotype or electro- type process. Establishments engaged primarily in making stereotype and electro- type plates, nickel types, matrix, and lead moulded type for printing are included in the present classification. These establishments do not themselves do printing. Data for each census from 1859 to 1914 are shown in Table 223. In addition to the value of products shown, stereotype and electrotype work to the value of $377,439 in 1914 and of $108,383 in 1909 was reported by estabUshments in other industries, principally in "photo-engraving." A great many printing estab- lishments, however, make stereotype and electrotype plates for their own use. LIQUORS AND BEVERAGES. 165 TYPE FOUNDING AND PRINTING MATERIALS. The manufacture of printing materials is bo closely associated with type founding, and there is so much overlapping between these two industries that the statistics are combined in the following table, which presents the totals for the two industries from 1879 to 1914, inclusive: Tatole 104 TYPE FOUNDING AND PRINTING MATERIALS. CENSUS YEAE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of prod- ucts. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 125 122 98 92 102 75 1,477 2,026 1,803 1,984 2,665 2,177 2,328 1,948 1,497 1,331 1,191 0) $7,287 6,793 5,926 3,175 6,338 2,973 41,006 1,191 1,123 1,036 1,460 1,068 ?1,665 1,772 1,119 1,270 2,002 851 $4,431 4,704 3,935 3,931 5,376 2,752 $2,766 1909 2,932 1904 2,816 1899 2,661 1889 3,374 1879 . 1,901 ' Figures not available. Printing mateiial's. — Establishments included under this classification manufacture principally printers' rules, sticks, chases, quoins^ galleys, rollers, blocks, blankets, mallets, planes, leads, plate hooks, gauges, locking devices, etc. Statistics for the industry are presented in Table 223 for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the product covered by the table, i)rinting materials to the value of 1159,743 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries, princi- pally type founding^ Type founding.— -Frinters' type and type for typewriting machines, of wood, brass, steel, or lead, are the principal products of establishments included under this classi- fication. Brass rules, leads, and slugs are also reported by type foundries. In 1849 the classification was "type and stereotype/' and in 1859 "type and stereotype founding," but these statistics are not strictly comparable with those for later censuses. The statistics are given in Table 223 for each census from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. The introduction of typesetting machines which cast the type directly has checked the development of the industry and is responsible for the decrease shown at the last four censuses. In addition to the product covered by the table, type was reported to the value of $59,410 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally printing materials. WALL PAPER, NOT MADE IN PAPER MILLS. This classification includes statistics for establishments engaged in the desi^ng of patterns and the printing of paper used to cover interior walls. The paper itself is made in paper mills, and the production designated as "hanging paper" is given in Table 98. The statistics for the industry from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are shown in' Table 223. LIQUORS AND BEVERAGES. THE GROUP AS A WHOLE. The table following shows the number of establishments, average number of wage earners, capital, total wages paid, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture for each of the industries included in this general group, as reported at the census of 1914. The quantities of the distilled and fermented liquors, which are the chief products of the group, are not given here, as they are presented in detail in the annual reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. 166 CENSUS OP MAKUFACTUKES : 1014. Table 105 -LIQUORS AND BEVEKA.GES: 1914. Num- ber of estab- lisb- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. VaJiia added by man- ufac- ture. Total Liiiuors, distilled Alcohol, including pure, neu- tral, or cologne spirits Rum Whisky, bourbon and rye All other Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Mt Mineral and soda waters, not includ- ing natural spring waters 88, 152 $1,015,715 434 27 6 276 125 1,250 318 97 5,463 6,295 2,042 62 4,002 W9 62,070 2,292 1,989 15,506 91,285 21,535 1,085 66,479 2,186 792,914 31,516 46,767 53,233 S69,124 8246,188 J772,090 S525, 8,864 40, 19, 20 i; 129, 39, 199 26,779 206,779 102,943 2,394 98,846 2,596 442, 149 16,618 48, 133 58, 401 165,782 83,729 1,933 78, 529 1,591 312,425 7,129 8,934 31,«22 LIQTIOaS, DISTILLED. This classification includes establislimentsengaged in distilling whisky (com, rye , and malt) , brandy, fruitbrandies, gin, rum, alcohol, denatured alcohol, and cologne spirits. The by-products include dried distillers' grain, dried feed, bran, fusel oil, grape-seed oil, yeast, and slop, swill, or refuse. In an effort to compile figures comparable with those of exports four subdivisions of the industry are shown in Table 105 : (1) Alcohol, including pure, neutral, or cologne spirits; (2) rum; (3 J whisky, bourbon or rye; (4) other distilled spirits. There is considerable overlapping between these subgroups, as alcoliol to the value of $3,559,159 was reported by manufacturers of whisky, while whisky to the value of $10,936,632 was reported by the manufacturers of alcohol, and other distilled liquors to the value of $973,809 were reported by manufacturers of alcohol and of whisky. Establishments assigned to other industries reported distilled liquors to the value of $1,797 ,415 in 1914 and to the value of $1,095,560 in 1909, principally by manufacturers of vinous liquors and of yeast. General statistics of the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The value of products given in the table is greatly affected by internal-revenue taxes, and the varia- tions in the tax rate from time to time must be taken into account in considering the statistics. The large increase in value of products from 1904 to 1909 is due in part to the fact that in 1909, in order to secure uniformity in the statistics, the internal-revenue tax was included in the value of products, whether paid by the manufacturer at the time the report was made, or whether the liquors were still held in bond pending the pay- ment of the tax, whereas in 1904 and at prior censuses this tax was included only when it was actually paid and reported by the manufacturer. At censuses prior to that of 1914 and 1909 the internal-revenue tax was not reported separately, but was included in miscellaneous expenses, such as advertising, insurance, and repairs. For this reason it is impossible to determine how much of the increase in value of products from 1904 to 1909 is due to the uniform inclusion of the internal-revenue tax for 1909. The number of distilleries operated during the year ending June 30, 1914, as reported by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, was 743. Tliis number exceeds that reported by the census for the calendar year 1914, the difference being due to the fact that the Census Bureau does not canvass small establishments — that is, those having an annual product valued at less than $500— aud does not count as distilleries those establishments which are engaged primarily in manufacturing other products, such as vinous liquors, or vinegar and cider, and which report distilled spirits only as a by-product. The quantity of distilled spirits produced was 174,611,645 gallons, exclusive of that made of fruits, and 7,307,897 gallons of fruit brandy, making a total production of 181,919,542 gallons. LIQXrORS, MALT. The principal product included under this classification is lager beer. Lem im- portant products are ale, stout, porter, steam beer, weiss beer, bock beer, temperance beer, malt, tonics, and sake. Nearly all breweries reported the sale of sprouts and malted grain — by-products which are used for stock feed. Establishments doing LIQUORS AND BEVERAGES. 167 nothing but bottling were not canvassed, but bottled beer to the value of $38,105,945 was reported by breweries, and to the value of $235,514 by establishments assigned to other industries, namely, malt, mineral and soda waters, and ice. Statistics for each census from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. Variations in the rate of internal-revenue tax on beer have affected somewhat the movement of the value of products. The expenses reported by brewers always include the internal-revenue tax on their entire output. Many breweries manufacture ice for their own use, but 238 of those reporting in 1914 and 205 of those reporting in 1909 sold ice to the value of $3,889,490 and $3,130,639, respectively. The number of breweries operated during the year ending June 30, 1914, as reported by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, was 1,413, and the production was 66,189,466 barrels. The excess of 163 establishments over the number reported by the census is due to the inclusion of some that were assigned to other classifications, of some that operated breweries in different localities but made combined reports and were counted as a single establishment by the census, and of some for which the product was less than $500. LIQUOBS, viNOxrs. This industry includes the manufacture of wines, still and effervescing, such as champagne, port, sherry, claret, dry wine, white and red wines, sweet and sour wines, angelica, sparkling wines, etc. It is practically confined to a few states, California alone furnishing 68 per cent of the total value of products for the United States in 1914. The internal-revenue tax on such vinous liquors as are taxable is included in the statistics of 1914 and 1909 and in those for some of the previous censuses, but does not affect the figures materially. General statistics tor the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. Of the 318 wineries reporting in 1914, 84 reported a by-product of distilled liquor (chiefly brandy), the total value amounting to $1,223,906 as compared with 91 wineries in 1909 reporting distilled liquor to the value of $1,089, 675. These amounts are included in the value of products shown in the table for 1914 and 1909. Wine produced on farms is excluded from the census tabulations. In addition to the products covered by the table, wine to the value of $67,756 was reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally distilled liquor. MALT. This classification includes establishments producing malt, chiefly from barley, but ui some cases from corn, rye, wheat, and other cereals. Feed sprouts, screenings, chaff, malt dust, and skimmings are sold as by-products. It is likely that the great increase in the malt industry from 1849 to 1859, as shown in Table 223, was due to the rapid increase in the brewing of malt liquors and also to the increasing practice of making malt in separate establishments instead of in the breweries. The decline in the industry from 1889 to 1899 may have been due to an increased tendency of the brewers to make their own malt. In addition to the products covered by the table, malt to the value of $890,099 in 1914 and to the value of $1,004,437 in 1909 was reported as made for sale by estabUshT ments engaged primarily in brewing beer. MINEKAL AND SODA WATERS, NOT INCLUDING NATTTRAL SPRING WATERS. Under this classification are included establishments which manufacture, or manu- facture and bottle, all kinds of carbonated beverages and so-called soft drinks, but it does not include natural spring waters. Some of the principal products are soda water, ginger ale, seltzer, artificial mineral waters, grape juice, celery phosphate, root beer, orangeade, sarsaparilla, vichy, ginger beer, moxie, cream soda, lime juice, birch beer, juniper ale, orange cider, coca-cola, kola ade, near beer, pop, lemon soda, hop ale, bludwine, nonalcoholic drinks, and fruit phosphates. Many manufacturers make beverages according to secret formulas and sell them under trade-mark names. Some of these beverages contain a small percentage of alcohol, but such beverages are ex- empt from internal-revenue tax, if the alcohol constituent is less than 3 per cent. The industry first appeared in census statistics in 1849. Comparative statistics are presented in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, mineral and soda waters to the value of $2,035,978 in 1914, and to the value of $1,267,885 in 1909 were reported prin- cipally by establishments making beer, confectionery, ice cream, ice, and vinegar and cider. 168 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTTEES : 1914. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. THE GBOTTP AS A WHOLE. The group " chemicals and allied products" includes not only the industries whoee; products are chemicals in the ordinary sense of that term, but also the industries which employ to a large extent chemical processes in manufacture. The group is a very complicated one and the various products differ most widely in character and in the use to which they are put. There is considerable duplication in the combined value of products for the group, due to the use of the products of certain industries as materials for others. The following table shows the number of establishments, average number of wage earners, capital, total wages paid, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture for each of the industries included in this general group, as reported for the census of 1914: Tatole 106 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS: 1914. Num- terof estab- Ush- ments. Wage earners num- ber). Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. Total. 12, 374 299,569 S3, 034, 209 $167,494 Baldng powders and yeast Bakmg powders Yeast Blacking, stains, and dressings Bluing Bone, carbon, and lamp black Bone black and lamp black Carbon black Candles Chemicals and acids Chemicals Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids Cleansing and polishing prepara- tions Cleansing preparations Polishing preparations Coke, not including gas-house coke Drugs, etc Drug grinding Druggists' preparations Patent medicines and com- pounds Perfumery and cosmetics Dyestufls and extracts Explosives Fertilizers Gas, illuminating and heating Glue, not elsewhere specified Grease and tallow, not includ- ing lubricating peases Soap stock Tallow All other Lubricating greases Ink, printing Ink, writing Oils Cottonseed, and cake Essential Linseed Not elsewhere specified Fish Oleo All other Paint and varnish Paints Varnishes Pfltroletmi, refining Turpentine and rosin Wood distillation, hot including turpentine and rosin 124 105 19 197 66 27 7 20 15 427 396 32 398 186 212 231 3,844 29 416 2,903 496 112 111 784 1,284 67 446 369 107 180 82 77 70 54 1,193 882 105 25 181 22 5 154 800 585 215 176 98 371 1,394 2,270 1, 606 664 1,766 254 339 164 176 387 36,375 32,311 3,064 1,239 601 638 21,107 26,561 1,069 9,277 13,328 2,897 2,839 6,306 22, 815 43, 792 3,129 6,582 6,106 1,877 1,760 1,479 476 1,391 612 26,696 _21,810 249 1,488 2,049 420 248 1,381 16,083 13, 349 2,734 25, 366 6,089 14,172 34,817 35,272 28,375 6,897 4,986 712 4,995 666 4,339 2,286 259,580 224,346 35,234 6,898 3,013 2,886 161,561 136,156 8,434 46,638 71,437 9,647 21,284 71,361 217,065 1,262,422 17,162 22,368 18,928 6,993 7,167 4,778 3,440 11,943 2,464 187, 193 118,073 1,617 39,873 27,630 4,362 837 22,431 129,634 99,673 29,861 326,646 33,151 92,872 20,746 2, 782 17, 663 Sl,289,348 1,241 771 470 877 106 231 114 117 183 24,279 22,066 2,213 619 296 323 14,289 13,293 583 4,766 6,676 1,280 1,613 4,488 10, 632 26,802 1,864 3,794 3,612 1,223 1,249 1,040 282 1,064 263 11,113 8,490 133 1,127 1,363 217 171 976 10,189 8,315 1,865 19,397 3, Ml 8,088 8,683 1,666 $2,001,634 10, 896 8,427 2,468 5,129 423 1,119 96,185 89,451 6,734 3,896 2,047 1,848 69, 138 71, 666 6,215 22,936 36,940 7,465 13,238 25, 627 107,955 76, 779 9,368 19, 828 17,061 5,407 8,412 3,242 2,767 6,806 1,236 248,517 180,977 1,666 39, 556 26,420 3,470 1,807 21,143 88,466 71,588 16, 878 325,265 6,273 88,867 5,536 6,496 22,339 16,003 6,336 9,882 1,184 1,464 635 929 1,731 173,269 158,064 16,216 9,152 5,045 4,107 99,276 176,452 8,080 48,010 102,463 16,899 20,620 41,433 163,196 220,238 13, 733 29,820 24,901 8,087 11,389 5,426 4,919 13,830 2,784 297,363 212,127 2,314 44, 882 38,040 4,370 2,295 31,375 146,624 112, 409 33,215 396,361 14,070 127,942 20,990 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 169 BAKING POWDEHS AND YEAST. This classification includes various compounds forraisingbread, cake, and pastry, and dry, compressed, and liquid yeast. Table 106 shows saparate statistics for the establish- ments whose chief product was baking powders and for those making yeast as the product of chief value. Many minor products were reported by the manufacturers of baking powder, such as bluing, chocolate, coffee, spice, confectionery, flavoring extracts, food preparations, and vinegar; while those making yeast also reported stock feed and alcohol. General statistics for tfie industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, baking powders to the value of $1,867,674 were reported in 1914 as made for sale by establishments assigned to other industries, principally those grinding and roasting coffee and those manufacturing fla/- voring extracts. Yeast to the value of 12,451,440 was reported as sold by distillers and manufacturers of vinegar. In 1909 baking powdersand yeast to the value of $3,963,573 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries. Many concerns make similar products for their own consumption in further processes of manufacture. BLACEING, STAINS, AND DRESSINGS. Establishments in this industry manufacture principally blackings, waxes, stains, dressings, and polishes for leather, boots and shoes, harness, and belting, stove polish, burnishing inks, and enameled carriage-top dressing, as well as pastes, washes, dyes, and gums. The industry was first reported separately at the census of 1859, and comparable statistics for that and for later censuses are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, blackings, stains, and dressings to the value of $377,617 in 1914 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "mucilage and paste," "paints," "patent medicines and compounds," and "leather, tanned, curried, and finished." BliUING. Establishments under this classification manufature principally laundry bluing, soluble or liquid, aniline blue, etc. The usual materials used in this manufacture are indigo and Prussian blue. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, bluing to the value of $269,199 in 1914 and of $350,377 in 1909 was reported by establishments assigned to other classifi- cations, principally "pickles, preserves, and sauces," "flavoring extracts," "patent medicines and compounds," and "coffee and spice, roasting and grinding." BONE, CARBON, AND LAMP BLACK. Establishments in this classification are engaged in the preparation of black pig- ments. There are three principal methods: The carbonization of bones in retorts, producing bone black or animal charcoal, also known technically as "char" ; the deposition of carbon black by the imperfect combustion of natural gas, the flame impinging upon slate or metallic slabs or revolving cylinders; and the deposition of lampblack by the incomplete combustion of coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, rosin, etc., the dense smoke depositing the soot in chambers. Some establishments make ivory black by the carbonization of scraps of animal teeth and tusks. Table 106 shows statistics for "bone black and lampblack" and for "carbon black" separately, each establishment being classified according to its product of chief value. General statistics for the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. It is probable that the decreases shown for 1899 as com- pared with 1889 are due to differing classifications of establishments reporting. The same reason may be assigned for the variations shown in the statistics for some of the other censuses. Table 107 presents the statistics of the production of bone black, carbon black, and lampblack by establishments in all industries for 1914 and 1909. 170 CENSUS OF MANUPACTITKES : 1914. Table 107 BONE, CARBON, AND LAMP BLACK. 1911 1909 Per cent of mcrease, 1909- 1914. 39 $2,933,947 57 $2,135,554 38.3 PEODUCTS. Bone black (animal charcoal): 7 44,509,000 $1,532,000 20 22,869,000 $918,091 12 •8503,856 7 Value.. $1,070,333 18 43.1 Carbon Mack: Value $025,514 32 $439,707 47.5 Lampblack: Value 13.6 1 Includes $215,212, the value of 4,780,394 pounds, and $288,644 tor which no quantity was reported. CANDLES. The principal products of establisliinents under this claasification are candles of all descriptions made of tallow, paraffin, stearin, and wax. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1904 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, candles were reported in 1914 by petroleum refineries to the value of $1,402 ,945 and by soap manufacturers to the value of $150,492 , while establishments assigned to other classifications, principally chemicals, reported candles to the value of $411,631. The candles made by petroleum refineries were not reported separately in 1909, and the amount can not be stated, but candles to the value of $527,910 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of "soap," " chemicals," and "oil, not elsewhere specified." Statistics for the candle industry were not shown separately prior to the census of 1904, but were included with those for soap. CHEMICALS AND ACIDS. Prior to the census of 1904 the general statistics for chemicals, sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids, and wood distillation were included under the single classification of "Chemicals." For the censuses of 1904, 1909, and 1914, the three have been shown separately and a segregation of data made for 1899 for comparison. The general sta- tistics for these respective industries at the censuses of 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 are given in Table 223 , and the statistics for wood distillation products are given in Table 122 . Although the manufacture of sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids is in the main a specialized industry, there is a considerable production by establishments that also manufacture other chemicals, and a large quantity of sulphuric acid is made in con- junction with the fertilizer industry. Hence, in the following table, which presents in detail the statistics for materials and products for 1914 in compaiison with ttiose for 1909, 1904, and 1899, the statistics for sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids are included along with those for other acids. At prior censuses establishments engaged in the manufacture of supplies for calcium lights, chiefly lime cylinders, and oxygen gas, constituted a separate industry, but these are now included under chemicals. The chemical products are classified under 12 groups: (1) acids; (2) sodas and sodium compounds; (3) potash and potassium salts; (4)alums; (5) coal-tar products; (6) cyanides; (7) bleaching materials; (8) chemical substances produced by the aid of electricity, including those belonging under other groups; (9) plastics; (10) com- pressed or liquefied gases; (11) fine chemicals; and (12) chemicals, not otherwise specified, such as glycerin, cream of tartar, epsom salts, blue vitriol, copperas, etc. The schedule used in taking the census named, under the various groups, the chem- icals which at prior censuses had been reported by three or more establishments, and provided for the reporting in detail of such other chemicals as were manufactured. In some cases, however, manufacturers did not separately report all products, con- sequently there results a large amount of unclassified chemicals, which may include a considerable production of some of those for which detail figures are given and undoubtedly includes others which could have been shown if they had been sepa- rately reported . The production is shown for all chemicals that can be separately given without the disclosure of individual operations, and those separately returned, but which can not be individually given, are named and reported as a whole under the several groups. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 171 Many establiahmenta distiUing coal tar consume part of the product in the manu- facture of roofing paper,. roofing felt, etc., and hence are classified as engaged in other industries, and their coal-tar production is not included under Group 5. Except as stated, where the production made and consumed is given, the figures refer to the quantity and value of the product made for sale and do not include that made and consumed in the same plant.. With respect to the group of products produced by the aid of electricity (Group 8) it should be said that many of the electrochemical and electrometallui^cal products have, until recent years, been under the protection of patents, and detail statistics of production can not be given for some of the most important without disclosing the operations of individual establishments. Under plastics (Group 9) there is included pyroxylin plastics, sold under such trade names as celluloid, fiberloid, viscoloid, pegamoid, pyrolin, xylonite, etc.; pyroxylin or soluble cotton; viscose; artificial silk; phenolic condensation plastics, such as bake- lite, and condenaite; rubber substitutes; and all plastics formed by using caoutchouc, gutta-percha, casein, fibrin, gluten, gums, and glue, or other cementing material by which sawdust, wood pulp, bone dust, zinc oxide, antimony, kaolin, and other fillers are held in solid aggregations which may be molded or shaped. The value of the products reported includes the value of finished goods, such as combs, brushes, other toilet articles, collars and cuffs, buttons, talking-machine records, etc., manufactured in the establishments making the plastic material, but does not include that of fin- ished plastic goods made from purchased plastic stock. The group of compressed or liquefied gases (Group 10) embraces all gases which are compressed or liquefied for sale, with the exception of illuminating gaaes (acetylene, Pintech gas, andJBlau gas). The group of fine chemicals (Group 11) embraces chemicals sold in the trade aa chemically or absolutely pure ; those which are more especially made use of in analyti- cal operations and in pharmacy; and chemicals, like the salts of the precious metals, of a nigh unit value. The limitations of the group are not sharply defined, and as a result the statistics may not represent the total output of the respective products, since in some cases the data for certain products may have been included with those for unclassified goods, and, as reported at different censuses, may not be strictly comparable. The figures in Table 108 aim to give the total production of each commodity in so far as the same is ascertainable from the returns, irrespective of whether it is a prin- cipal or subsidiary product of the establishment reporting, or the industry under which the establishment is classified. For example, the production of acetic acid, acetone, acetate of lime, and formaldehyde reported in this table includes that made in wood distillation establishments, the figures for which are given in Table 122; and the production of glycerin here reported, both crude and refined, includes the glycerin product of soap works as given in Table 120. Table 108 THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, INCLUDING SULPHURIC, NITRIC, AND MIXED ACIDS (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1914 1909 1S04 1S99 Number of establisliments 754 850 The chemical industry 395 32 327 359 42 449 297 32 31G Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed-acids industry. . . Manufacturing subsidiary chemical products. . 34 0) MATEEIALS.S Total cost $96, 1S5, 122 $69,531,257 $47,070,795 S.31, 125.820 889,450,694 SB, 734, 428 $84,145,420 $5,335,828 $42,097,957 $4,972,838 $27, 092, 591 $4,0.33,238 Sulphuric, uitTic, and mixed-acids industry! . . Sulphur or brimstone: 56,296 $1,162,632 889, 695 $3,769,467 5S, 101 $2,696,172 264, 774 $1,615,982 7,819 $041, 405 77,450 $1,43.3,743 597,691 $3,170,188 52,976 $2,373,220 58,552 $564,390 1,525 , $139, 591 51,526 $1,071,229 334, 207 $1,745,416 45,021 $1,805,248 104, 489 $945, 486 3,008 $320,818 Cost . . - $1,080,716 324,461 $1,512,490 37,892 $1,250,520 37,832 $429,903 1,220 $127,811 Pyrites: Tons Cost Nitrate of soda: Tons - . Cost Sulphuric acid: Tons Cost Nitric acid: Tons Cost 172 CENSUS OP MANUFACTTJEES : 1914. Table 108— Continued. THE CHEMICAL INDCSTEY, INCLUDING SULPHUKIC, NITRIC, AND MIXED ACIDS (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS 2 — continued. Mixed acid: Tons Cost Ammonium sulpl^ate: Tons Cost Alcohol; Grain — Gallons Cost Wood- Gallons Cost ... Fuel and rent of power. All other materials PEODUCTS. Total value. The chemical industry, all products Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acid industry^ ail products Subsidiary chemical products of other indus- tries I.— Acids. Total value. Sulphuric acid: Number of establishments Production reduced to 50° Baumci acid — Total, tons For sale {«--:: Made and consumed, tons Production according to strength— 50" Baum6 — Total, tons F--i« &:: Made and consumed , tons G0° Bmin&- Totalj tons ^-->« fvXc;; Made and consumed, tons 66° Baume— Total, tons Fo"-i° Pk: Made and consumed, tons Oleum or fuming, and sulpliur triox- ide— Total, tons i'-->« P^e:: Made and consumed, tons Reclaimed acid: Tons Value Nitric acid: Number of establishemnts Total production, tons Fo^^'^^ &:: Made and consumed, tons Mixed acid (sulphm-ic-nitric): Number of establishments Total production, tons ^0"^"' {value:: Made and consumed, tons Acetic acid: Number of establishments Total production, pounds f™-'" {?re'!:: Made and consumed, pounds 6,015 8698,004 fl,5S6 $567,249 $145,066 1,464,273 «o77, 122 Jll,854,901 $72,556,462 $200, 195, 835 4, 546 $335,672 1,675 $88,013 479,428 $287,416 949,212 $370,017 $8,666,924 $52,202,083 $150,580,149 1,734 $150,003 6,676 $350, 109 187,389 $449, 604 601,077 $367,223 $4,913,267 $34,849,790 $89,219,883 275 $21,047 4,373 $471, 117 120,474 $263,472 } « I $25,908,753 $158,053,602 $15,215,474 $26,926,759 $117,741,103 $9,884,057 $22, 954, 989 $76,357,495 $9,052,646 $4,.809,742 $30,516,569 $23,722,874 $17,008,666 $48, 158,261 $8,696,390 __(0 $9,935,202 194 4,047,982 2,338,284 $15, 395, 133 1,709,698 1,677,649 451, 121 $2, 709, 350 1, 226, 528 795, 489 645,662 $3,764,860 249, 927 828, 466 732, 186 $8,042,422 96, 280 77, 768 * 62, 364 $888,495 15,404 136, 360 $518, 890 52 78,589 14,685 $1,591,625 63,904 37 112, 124 ■42,725 $2,204,480 69,399 13 75,303,375 70,617,637 $1, 272, 294 4,685,738 183 s 2, 764, 455 1, 479, 200 SIO, 103, 425 1,285,255 1,643,281 628, 263 $3, 176, 430 1,115,018 189, 384 177,414 81,038,358 11, 970 552, 619 453, 370 $6,454,002 99,249 32, 337 * 28, 594 $434, 635 3,743 7,069 $62, 935 25 3 68, 717 13,663 $1,357,098 56,054 14 (') 1, 869, 436 900, 991 57,942,211 968,445 1, 169, 141 (>) « 48,688 (') (') 411,165 (■) (') 1,548,123 452,942 $4,071,848 1,096,181 953,439 60,387 $627, 882 893,052 17,012 13,650 $193,380 3,362 382, 279 260,328 $3,244,586 131,961 13, 268 $361,018 (') (■) m 54, 190 23,132 $2,250,944 31,068 (■) (■) (') (') 31,542 16,481 $1,454,909 16,061 (') 3 28,691 $1,860,787 (■) 13 8 58,000,602 56,923,773 $1, 336, 874 1, 076, 829 32,665 $1,967,356 (') 12 29,506,021 27,074,280 $568,600 2,431,741 21,151 $1, 109, 758 • (') 14 27,875,222 20,660,555 $42i5,892 1,214,667 See footnotes on p 'j" CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 173 TaWe 108— Continued. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, INCLUDING SUI.PHDEIC, NITRIC, AND MIXED ACIDS (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1914 1899 PKODUCTS — continued. I, --Acids — Continued. Boric acid: Number of establishments Total production, pounds ro--i«-- {?re^ Made and consumedj pounds Citric acid : Number of establishments Total production, pounds. For sale {?»-"- Made and consumed, pounds.. Hydrofluoric acid: Number of establishments Total production, pounds . Fo^^* &f^: Made and consumed, pounds Muriatic acid: Number of establishments Total production, pounds I-orsale {P°-d- Made and consumed, pounds Oleic acid : Number of establishments Total production, pounds F-"=^>e &'!: Made and consumed , pounds Phosphoric acid: Number of establishments Production for sale- Pounds Value Stearic acid: Number of establishments Total production, pounds. ^<--i» IS'!: Made and consumed, pounds.. Tannic acid: Number of establishments Production for sale — Pounds Value ". Fatty acids Miscellaneous acids ' Unclassified acids .- JI. — Sodas and sodium compounds. Sodas: Number of establishments s. Value Bicarbonate of soda- Tons Value. Caustic soda — Tons .• Value Sal Soda, including monohydrate crystals- Tons Value Soda ash- Tons Value Borax — ' Tons Value Soda products not classified Sodium: Phosphate- Tons Value Silicate- Tons Value ; , - . . 5 8,590,311 8,584,311 $588,981 6,000 3 2,729,943 2,657,840 81,516,336 72, 103 9 7,209,248 5,373,6.57 J325,540 1,835,591 31 337, 167, 882 170,876,878 11,348,805 166,291,004 23,187,579 21,932,736 $1,301,353 1,254,843 12, 420, 191 $680, 239 10 14,960,109 14,351,404 $1,242,492 608, 705 8.53, 830 $287, 142 $206, 576 $1, 977, 131 $59,562 69 $23,632,704 5,654,914 $295,776 (0 6,9.56,896 $527,190 2,684,935 $198,212 2, 102, 256 $777,235 (') 10 8,027,290 6, 842, 914 $294, 379 1, 184, 376 38 1244,734,217 203,214,879 $1,758,335 41,519,338 8 2,266,631 $598,718 5 3,886,382 $335,297 16,377,063 $845, 106 (') $667, 505 4, 149, 9.36 $222,886 m 36 188,638,396 174, 520, 762 $1,612,848 14,017,634 (>) 991,050 $68, 641 698,000 $34,890 C) 31 134,229,012 116,675,109 $1,015,915 17, 663, 903 (') } (■) (') $1,143,213 (■) « $3, 220, 206 70 $23, 368, .509 (') SI, 239, 362 63 $17, 162, 580 (') $1,287,481 50 $12,044,612 90,169 $1,439,014 212, .539 $6,657,514 106, 591 $1, 510, 449 935,305 $10,937,945 26,501 $2,071,774 $1,016,008 15,397 $853,528 169,049 $1,648,854 82,800 $1,515,045 131,612 $5,264,887 86,644 $1,156,882 646,057 $10,362,666 20,164 $1,756,922 $3,312,117 12,290 $540,282 34, 170 $366,621 68, 867 $1,135,610 86,840 $3,185,959 59, 648 $831,869 618, 954 $8,204,645 20,882 $2, 122, 808 $1,681,789 4,830 $244,373 (') 68,856 $1,332,765 166,783 $3,170,280 63,249 $876,243 390,663 $4,869,656 5,637 $502,480 $1,304,088 2,340 $155,989 32,651 $416,005 174 CENSUS OP MAJS'UFACTTJfiES : 1914. Taftle 108 -Continued. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTKT, INCIOTIING SULPHtmiC, KITRIC, AND MIXED ACIDS (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1914 1909 1904 1899 PKODUCTS— continued . Il.Sodas and sodinw compounds— Contd. Sodium— Contimued. Sulphides- Tons 20,263 $516,644 34,537 $427,808 90,442 $841,887 11,824 $1,125,398 $61,490 $66,649 s $768, 157 $2,447,406 12,441 $204,230 42 $4,894,927 7,673 $206,460 46,471 $512,464 } (.) } <■) ! (') 0) } (-) 31 } <') C) w 39 Value.. <•) Sulphate- Glauber salts- Tons Value 0) Salt cake- Tons Value ' (') Bichromate- Tons w Benzoate . , (■) Sulphite Sodawashingcompounds,notincludingsoap— Tons Value « ///. — Potash avd potassium salts. Products, value Crude potash $30,644 $19,007; 14,740 $1,244,051 $2,801,225 19 313,712,000 $3, 467, 969 } $88,940 } « 0) 19 276,294,000 $3,022,355 $104,655 (') (•) 17 225,543,000 $2,956,844 Potassium nitrate (saltpeter),: Tons $178, 180 Value (•) Caustic potadi and potassium salts— bicarbon- ate, chlorate, iodide, citrate, acetate, silicate, etc .- m ir.— Alums. Nixmber of establishments Pounds. 179,467,000 $2,446,675 Value Aluminum sulphate: Pounds 142,438,000 $1,277,836 23,338,000 $251, 186 42,562,000 $450, 730 22,629,000 $364,656 12,765,000 $219,968 "13,995,000 $264,477 55,985,000 $649, 116 40 '2 $8, 066, 166 $774,350 6 •3 16,460,225 $2,398,674 100,695,000 $843,956 27,001,000 $274,307 54,879,000 $468,796 11,746,000 $209,904 10,254,000 $155,319 ■« 8,062,000 $133,941 "63,767,000 $936,133 42 $4,057,591 $228,528 7 13,291,080 $1,941,893 19, 496,000 $161,906 80,919,000 $972,892 15,858,000 $364,328 10,307,000 $156,448 82,000 $4,923 98,881,000 $1, 296, 347 39 ■ $3,984,821 11 11,196,318 $1,710,823 Value (•) Alum ca^e: 4,049,000 $34,047 103,017,000 $1,062,647 6,639,000 $174,600 14,200,000 $216,004 9,399,000 $228,500 42,173,000 $731,878 22 Pounds Burnt alum: Value Potash alum^ Poimds . .", Vahie.... Soda alum* Pounds Value nium, chloride of alumina,etc: Value V. — Coai-tar products. Number of establishments Coal-tar distillery products, Taluc Chemicals or medicinal preparations from coal- tar, value $1,421,720 VI.- Cyanides. Number of establishments 18 8,460,989 $1, 596, 505 Pounds Value See footnotes on p. 178, CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 175 Tame 108— Continued. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, INCLUDING SULPHUSIC, NITKIC, AND MIXED ACIDS (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1914 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCTS— continued. VI.^ Cyanides—Continued. Yellow prussiate of potash: 3,204,684 t461,092 13,245,541 81,947,582 56 $5,302,359 3,510,208 $463,983 9,780,872 $1,477,910 48 $3,215,728 } C) } <•) 33 $1,158,064 Value (') All other— sodium cyanide, metallocyanides, yellowprussiate of soda,trisalytes, and potas- sium cyanide: Pounds .. . Value (') VII.— Bleaching materials. "Mlirnhprnf p:?tahl ic;hmpTit.p 28 Value of products $532,658 Hypochlorites — chiefly chloride c£ lime and Meaching powder: 14 310,380,000 82,916,225 20 "32,595,000 $1,30'),S96 14 26,346,000 8243,559 7 12,217,000 $472,836 $366, 143 ' 36 829,661,949 9 116,802,000 $1,786,846 17 " 9,926,000 8870,541 15 31,718,000 8226, 154 8332, 187 IS 34 818,451,401 0) 39,176.000 8535,835 (') 4,371,000 8413,221 0) 12,446,000 8110,155 $98,a5:i 21 87,058,240 (') 21,958,000 Value . $462,949 Hydrosen perovide: Number of establishments 0) Pounds 588,000 Value . . ... 863,754 Bisulphite of soda, lime, etc.: (') Poiuids 2,922,000 $34,486 aUorine: Number of establishments Pounds 831,469 All other— sodium peroxide, sulphur dioxide, ) a 41, 020 $28,311 (■) $69, 246 $172,982 $9, 478, 753 5, 797, 925 $3,229,527 (') 616, 670 $165,604 854,411 S427, 401 47, 641 $453,202 1, 899, 081 $778, 439 19,068 $176, 682 $4, 248, i 1, 300, 395 $161, 320 See footnotes on p. 178. 141,478,000 110,384,000 $2,118,443 I $1,627,733 (■) 2,443,729 $438, 157 (') 12,084,281 $719,364 (') $38,170 $35, 106 4,054,478 $1, 750, 503 (') 263, 238 $129, 876 12,347 $120,696 1, 606, 108 $627,252 8,112 $61,400 (>) 0) 1,638,715 $178,666 (') 86,826,000 $981, 286 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 177 Table 108— Continued. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, INCLUDING SULPHTJWC, NITRIC, AND MIXED ACIDS (TONS OF 2,000 FOUNDS). 1914 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCTS— continued. XII. — Chemicals, not otherwise specified— Con. Ammonium salts; Chloride- Pounds Value Sulpliate— Pounds Value Other— Acetate, bifluoride, carhonate, phosphate, picrate, etc Aqua aramonia:2s Pounds Value Barium salts: SuljAate (Wane fixfi)— Founds Value Other — Carbonate, chloride, etc Copper salts: Sulgiate (blue vitriol)— Pounds Value Other Cream of tartar: Number of establishments Pounds ; Value Epsom salts (magnesium sulphate); . Number of establishments Pounds Value Formaldebyde; Number of establishments Pounds Value Glycerin:'" Crude, for sale- Pounds Value Befined , pounds For^ale ' {PXe'lV.: Made and consumed , pounds Iron salts: Sulphate (copperas)— Pounds Value Other sawlts and compounds — Iron liquor (ferrous acetate), chloride, nitrate, oxide, ferrotungsten, vanadate of iron, etc Lead salts: Arsenate — Number of establishments Pounds Value Other- Pounds Value Mercurial salts: Pounds Value Nickel salts: Pounds Value Niter cake: Number of establishments Total production, tons Tor sale {'Xe':: Made and consumed, tons Sulphur, refined: Tons Value Tin salts: Pounds Value Zinc salts; Pounds Value See footnotes on n. 17 S. 11,611,934 J641,040 8, 846, 616 1211,314' $260, 801 35, 544, 246 $1,412,236 18,278,000 $257, 415 $103,204 37,152,351 $1,598,944 $14, 383 8 12,646,120 $3, 124, 958 12 29,266,115 $296,999 3 8,426,247 $655, 174 16,568,920 $2,278,976 60, 944, 799 59,810,406 $10, 779, 204 1, 134, 394 2' 92, 478, 823 $352, 772 $838, 993 11 8,641,856 $511,688 7,290,936 $474,430 606, 701 1518,023 409,648 $157, 149 31 46, 143 24,129 $31, 580 22, 014 "31,166 $1, 141, 000 8,291,239 $2,028,511 40,786,886 $1, 130, 959 (') (') 20,983,476 $839, 820 8, 152, 000 $86, 986 (') 36, 546, 563 $1, 531, 574 (') 16,592,937 $2,926,883 10 21, 621, 297 $189, 791 3, 794, 486 $363,717 79,677,490 $11, 762, 680 28 25,637,092 $78, 467 (') W (') (') W 27, 646 $53, 693 W 25, 269 $891, 501 10,293,377 $1,535,350 25, 054, 213 $472,302 (•) (>) m (■) (') 15, 650, 000 $2,892,563 (') 20, 666, 443 $215, 088 n 46,972,658 $5,356,320 (■) 9, 700, 104 $28,096 (') (■) (') « (') (') 11,621,378 $1,361,299 11,579,546 $201,771 (') (') (■) (') (') 10, 981, 680 $2, 117, 704 (■) 9, 239, 809 $75, 066 (') 26, 612, 454 $3, 096, 601 « 27,696,909 $199, 869 (1) « (') (') (') (') 6,259,794 $603, 937 9,511,909 $363,900 178 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Tat>le 108— Continued. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, INCLUDING SULPHURIC, NITKIO, AND MIXED ACIDS (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1914 1909 1901 1899 PRODUCTS— continued. XII. — Chemicals, not otherwise s-pecified — Con. Other specified chemicals 'o Unclassified chemicals XIII. — All other products. Chemical bj^-products and residues; Pyrite cinder All other By-products, not chemical Amount received for custom work $3,055,314 $12,483,523 $399, 458 $4,010,162 $3, 702, 017 $188, 734 \ $18,760,329 $325, 632 $5,658,976 $2,209,078 ■ $9,858,395 $11,619,891 1 Figures not available. 2 Does not include materials used in chemical manufacture by establishments producing chemicals as subsidiary products. 8 See Note 6. * Includes oleum, in 1914, 60,963 tons; and in 1909, 27,602 tons, converted, above, to 60° acid at 1.71; and sulphur trioxide, in 1914, 1,391 tons; and in 1909, 992 tons, converted, above, to 50° acid at 1.93. 6 Includes citric and lactic acids in 1899. ' Includes considerable quantities of the acids for which statistics are given above, notably sulphuric, nitric, mixed, acetic, and miu"iatio acids, which a few establishments reported in lump without classifica- tion according to kind. ' Includes the following acids^ In order named as to value: Tartaric, carbolic, picric, salicylic, lactic, oxalic, hydrofluosilicic, pyrogallic, gallic, pyroligneous, hypophosphorus, benzoic, and arsenic. ' Number manufacturing bicarbonate, caustic, sal soda, soda ash or borax in 1914 and 1909; and same not including borax in 1904 and 1899. s Includes the following sodium compounds in order named as to value: Hyposulphite, sesquicarbonate, acetate, nitrate, perborate, bromide, iodide, fluoride, bisulphate, citrate, di's^mide and oxalate. w Includes sodmmjiluminum sulpjiate. " Includes 38,342,000 pounds of vmclassified alums. 12 Not including value of 109,901,315 gallons of tar, $2,867,274, produced by by-product coke ovens; of 125,938,607 gallons of tar, $3,252,756, produced by gas plants; and of coal-tar dyes and intermediates, $4,652,- 947, madelargely from stock of foreign origin. 13 In addition, 1,239,382 pounds of cyanide blues, reported as Prussian blue, valued at $387,077, were manufactured by 15 establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of paints and pigments. " Quantities not comparable because of lack of uniformity in strength of solutions. 16 The statistics for products reported under other groups cover total production, inclusive of that made with the aid of electricity, and here included to the value of $5,047,281 in 1914, and $2,539,478 in 1909. 1' Includes number and output of one establishment engaged in the preparation of alumina. " In addition, there were made in electric furnaces in 1914 by 14 establishments in the iron and steel industry, 21,548 tons of foundry iron, and steel ingots and castings, chiefly direct steel castings. 18 For chlorine see "Bleaching materials." . . 19 Not including anhydrous ammonia produced at by-product recovery coke ovens (mainly ammomacal liquor sold on a pound basis of NH s content), as follows: In 1914, 25,370,609 pounds, valued at $2,300,137; in 1909, 4,871,014 pounds, valued at $448,465. » Equivalent to 2,378^400 cubic feet at atmospheric pressure. 21 Quantity reported m pounds. 22 At atmospheric pressure. 28 In addition, alkaloids and derivatives valued at $11,493,168 were reported by manufacturers of drug gists' preparations and patent medicines. 24 Not including ether made and consumed in the explosive industry. 25 Anhydrous ammonia reported under '*Compressea or liquefied gases." 26 Figures not available lor total production of crude glycerin, 1914, as that made and consumed in the manufacture of a large portion of the refined glycerin was not reported. a Produced by chemical plants, 19,206,084 pounds; by rolling mills, 13,158,859 pounds; by wire mills, 60,113,880 poimds. 28 In addition, 11,690,006 pounds of copperas were made and consumed in the same establishments. 29 Domestic production of sulphur. United States Geological Survey, 327,634 tons (2,240 pounds); im- ports for consumption, 26,135 tons. "» Comprises: AcetaniUd, acetone oil, acid calcium phosphate and calcium salts, aluminum chloride, antimony salts, arsenic (total production, as reported by the Geological Survey, 4,670 tons, valued at $313,147), bismuth salts, cadmium salts, carbon bisulphide, cerium salts and alloys, chrome salts, crown filler, ethers (not ethyl oxide), glyco-phosphates, hexamethylene-titramine, iodine resublimed and salts of iodine, iodoform, ketones, lithia and lithium salts, salts of magnesium and manganese, molybdenum, Paris green, sesquisulphlte of phosphorus, strontium salts, sulphur chloride, titanium salts, trioxy-methyl- ene, and tungsten. CLEAHSIIK} AND POLISHING PREPARATIONS. The products of the establishments in this industry include washing, ironing, sweep- ing, and scouring compounds; laundry and floor wax; pumice stone and tripoli; and especially preparations for cleansing and polishing furniture, floors, wall paper, gloves, metal ware, and cars, automobile body polish, paint and varnish removers, rust and stain removers, etc. In Table 106 separate statistics are given for those establishments whose product of chief value were cleansing preparations, and for those making polishing preparations as their chief product. In addition to the products covered by the table, cleansing preparations to the value of $520,846 and polishing preparations to the value of $1,121,178 were reported by CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PBODUOTS. 179 establishments assigned to other classifications, principally those making mops, dusters, etc., and those making soap. General statistics for the industry for the cen- sus years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. Some cleansing and polishing preparations may have been reported under "all other products" by the large soap manufacturers and by the few slaughtering and meat-packing establishments where the soap departments were not returned as sepa- rate establishments. Washing soda (sal soda) is included under "chemicals." COKE, NOT INCLUDING GAS-HOUSE COKE. The principal product of establishments under this classsifi cation is coke obtained by the distillation of coal in coke ovens. From the "by-product ovens" a number of valuable by-products are obtained — tar, ammonium sulphate, and ammonia liquors. Establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of gas, and making coke as a subsidiary product, are not included. Statistics of the materials and products for this industry are collected annually by the United States Geological Survey, therefore such data were not reported to the census in 1914. The following table gives the totals for that year as compiled by the United States Geological Sxurvey , in comparison with those for the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899. The total production of coke, including gas-house coke sold and that made and consumed in gas manufacture, was 38,138,000 tons in 1914 as compared with 41,947,000 in 1909 and 27,857,000 in 1904. Table 109 COKE (tons or 2,000 POUNDS). 19141 1909' 19041 1899 COAL. Coal charged into ovens: Tons Cost Bun ol mine, tons- Unwashed Washed Slack, tons — Unwashed Washed PRODUCTS. Total value Coke: 2 Tons Value Made in beehive ovens — Tons Value Made in retort or by-product ovens — Tons Value By-products obtained from retort or by-product ovens: Gas- Cubic feet (thousands) Value Tar- Gallons Value Ammonia, sulphate or reduced to equiva- lent in sulphate — Pounds Value Anhydrous ammonia — Pounds Value Ammonia liquor — Gallons Value All other, value EQUIPMENT. Ovens, number in existence at end of year Building at end of year Abandoned during the year 61,623,750 $74,949,665 36,617,276 6,615,290 4,289,870 5,301,314 8105,863,305 34,655,914 $88,334,217 23,336,971 $50,264,050 11,219,943 $38, 080, 167 61,364,375 $6,009,583 109,901,315 $2,867,274 170,763,906 $4,696,690 5 25,370,509 $2,300,137 5,938,233 $658, 497 '$997,007 99,755 1,249 3,675 59,354,937 $62,203,382 40,594,842 6,007,760 6,926,484 5,825,851 $98,078,383 39,315,065 $89,965,483 33,060,421 $69,530,794 6,254,644 $20,434,689 15,791,220 $2,609,211 60,126,006 $1,408,611 123,111,197 $3,227,316 4,871,014 $448,456 $419,307 103,982 2,950 201 37,376,251 $29,569,104 25,165,692 2,902,721 4,469,784 4,848,054 $63,465,108 25,143,288 $60,304,623 22,674,902 $43,340,661 2,468,386 $6,963,962 4,463,062 $843,787 26,223,323 $613,388 < 31, 546, 781 $818,290 4,791,468 $763,291 $111,729 77,461 2,127 178 30,157,829 $18,355,262 20,844,637 1,457,961 5,036,675 2, 818, 556 $35,585,446 19,640,798 $34,633,418 h 1,171,943 $226,022 10,468,733 $207, 952 11,984,931 $330,921 ^3^ 1,672,325 $180,642 $7,490 47,811 1 Includes coal and coking products produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Not including gas-house coke, the statistics lor which will be found under the classification " Gas, illumtnatuig and nea ting." 2 Figures not available. * Not including the reduced equivalent of ammonia liquor in sulphate. 5 Mainly ammoniacal liquor sold on pound basis of NHj. « Renorted in Dart as anhydrous ammonia and in part as ammonium sulphate or reduced equivalents. 180 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. DHTJG GRINDING. Powdered or pulverized drugs are the principal products reported by establish- ments under this clasafication, and include the grinding of drugs, charcoal, roots, herbs, gums, licorice root, etc. Statistics for the indusfty are presented in Table 223 for the census years from 1889 to 1914, inclusive. There are no statistics giving the quantity or value of drugs ground by establish- ments classed under "patent medicines and compounds,'' and "druggists' prepa- rations." DRUGGISTS' PREPARATIONS, PATENT AND PROPRIETARY MEDICINES AND COM- POUNDS, AND PERFUMERY AND COSMETICS. Druggists' preparations. — This industry includes all materials for use by druggists in compounding medicines to be dispensed upon physicians' prescriptions or orders. These comprise tinctures, fluid extracts, medicinal sirups, and other liquid prepara- tions; pills, tablets, powders, etc.; alkaloids and derivatives^ (cocaine, codein, mor- phine, quinine, and strychnine) ; synthetic medicinal preparations, such as acetanilid, acetphenetidin, phenolphthalein, saccharin, methylsalicylate, etc.; medicinal metals and their salts (bromides, acetates, citrates, bismuth, etc.); and biological products, such as serums, vaccines, toxins, etc. Concerns engaged in drug grinding as their principal business are not included in this industry. Patent medicines and compounds. — This industry consists of "patent and proprie- tary medicines" which are those sold under the protection of a patent, copyright, or trade-mark, or prepared according to a secret formula; and "patent and proprietary compounds" which include all such compounds not intended for medical use, such as fire-extinguisher compounds, household ammonia, insecticides, etc. Perfumery and cosmetics. — This industry comprises cologne, toilet waters, face powders, cold cream, etc., and perfumes. The general statistics for the respective industries are separately presented in Table 223, "druggists' preparations" for the census years 1889 to 1914, inclusive, and "patent medicines and compounds" and "perfumery and cosmetics" for the years 1849 to 1914. Each establishment is classed, according to its principal prod- ucts, in one of the three branches of the group of industries, but in many cases one establishment manufactures products pertaining to more than one branch, and there is a considerable production of these commodities by establishments classified in other industries. The following table gives the statistics of the quantities of anesthetic and narcotic drugs used and classified products for 1914: Table 110 Value or amount. Value or amount. MATERIALS. Anestbetic and narcotic drugs used as material: 118,282 316,130 414,255 13,039 23,859 CLASSIFIED PRODUCTS. Druggists' preparations $49,3(5,739 150 Alkaloids and derivatives: * Number of establishments . . . Value Morphine, or derivative, oinaces- Cocaine, or derivative, ounces . - . $16,231,503 72 Synthetic preparations: Number of establishments. ; . Value. Diaoetyl morphine, ounces $1,384,996 Tincture, fluid extracts, medici- nal siruDs, etc PRODUCTS. $176,747,080 $13,900,402 $10,903,056 Total value PillS; tablets, powders, etc Medicinal metals and their salts: Number of establishments... Value 47 $732,307 Classified industries— all products of included establislimeiits: $48,009,654 $102,463,374 $16,899,101 $5,353,646 $3,202,057 $819,248 Biological products— scrums, vac- cines, toxins, etc. : Number of establishments. . . Value Patent medicines and com- 93 $6,223,475 $99,969,616 Perfumery and cosmetics Subsidiary products, other indus- Patent and proprietary medicines Medicines $83,455,264 $16,514,352 $19,160,407 $8,241,318 Patent medicines and com- Toilet preparations and perfumery and cosmetics Perfumery and cosmetics ' Includes alkaloids made by 8 chemical establishments — 6,805,212 ounces, value $4,738,335. They also made and consumed 138, 948 ounces. Drugsused bychemicalestablishmentsinmanufaoturenotreported, and not included above. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 181 DTESTUFFS AND EXTRACTS. Establishments in this industry make materials for dyeing and tanning purposes. The products include natural dyestuffs made from wood, bark, or berries; dyeing extracts; artificial dyestuffs, including synthetic or coal-tar dyes and the mineral colors or dyes; tanning extracts and liquors, including chrome tanning solutions; and mordants, assistants, and sizes. General statistics for the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The statistics for dyestuffs and extracts given in the table cover the products of establishments manufacturing the same for sale and do not include those made by dye and print Works or tanneries and consumed by the same in further processes of manufacture. The apparent decline in the industry from 1889 to 1899 is due probably to the difference in classification of establishments making certain acids and com- pounds which are used in some cases for dyeing and in some cases in other arts. Some- times they may have been classed under "dyestuffs and extracts," and at other times under ' ' chemicals. ' ' Detail statistics of the quantity and value of the products for the censuses from 1899 to 1914, are given in the following table: TaDle 111 DYESTUFFS AND EXTRACTS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 Number ot establishments. . Dyestuil aad extract industry Establishments manuiacturing dyestuffs and ex- tracts as subsidiary products Total value. Byestuif and extract industry Subsidiary products from other industries , Dyestuffs Natural dyestuffs Dyewood extracts — Logwood- Number of establishments Pounds Value Fustic — Number of establishments Pounds Value Quercitron— Number ot establishments Pounds Value Other dyewood extracts, Brazilwood, cutch, etc.— Pounds Value Dyewoods, ground or chipped — logwood, fustic, Brazilwood, turmeric, etc.— Pounds Value Dyestuffs, not dyewoods— ground and extracts Artificial dyestufl; Synthetic or coal-tar dyes, including in- termediates and products resultmg from the blending of imported colors- Number of establishments Pounds Value Mineral colors or dyes, such as chrome j^ellow, orange or green, iron buff, Prus- sian blue, ultramarine, etc.— Number of establishments Pounds Value Tamiing materials. . .' Extracts- Oak- Pounds Value Chestnut — Pounds Value 133 112 21 107 17 S21,382,689 816,788,676 110,912,224 $20,620,336 $762,353 $7,114,865 $1, 862, 162 28,989,962 $1,311,966 S 4,509,943 $222,804 3,844,882 $112,945 3,434,150 $90,934 4,128,202 $46,647 $77, 866 16 12, 169, 635 $4,652,947 14 4,991,336 $599,746 $7,898,672 8,797,218 $192,844 319, 639, 906 $3,952,806 $15,954,574 $834, 102 $4,819,247 $1,135,694 22,317,248 $991,974 15,046,954 $143,720 12,758,774 $3,683,553 $7,123,971 292,400,285 $6,132,592 $10,893,113 2 $19, 111 $3,331,738 $1,567,284 29,799,606 $1,472,047 9,999,906 $95,237 4,600,462 $1,764,454 $4,967,095 166,520,123 $2,411,184 77 (•) $7,350,748 (') $3,494,632 $1,687,902 (1) 39,252,743 $1,485,971 ('! (') 12,690,037 $201,931 6,581,850 $1,806,730 $1,866,030 28,983,036 > $529,670 ' See footnotes on p. 182. 182 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTTKES : 1914. Table 111— Continued. DYE3TDPFS AND EXTKACT3. 1914 1909 1904: 1899 PRODUCTS — continued Tanning materials— Continued. Extracts — Continued. Hemlock- Pounds Value Sumac — Pounds Value Quebracho, chrome tanning, spruce, myro- balans, gambler, mangrove or palmetto, and gallnuts extracts, m the order named as to value — Pounds Value Other tanning materials -.. Mordants; Tannic acid — Pounds Value Other Assistants: Turkey red oil- Pounds Value Other Dextrins— Pounds Value Gums, other than rosin — Pounds Value Rosin — Pounds Value Other sizes All other products. 18,978,013 $340,402 4,512,361 $129,631 99,799,418 $2,944,906 $338,083 760,100 $234,630 $157,791 11,681,884 $820,491 $716,510 18,913,641 $706,584 3,832,182 $205,282 20,717,148 $373, 218 $1,768,777 $1,386,879 12,588,078 $280,487 3,148,790 $107,456 $603,436 $028,798 1,814,506 $108,292 16,148,931 *■ $610,999 $1,835,046 $1,662,323 18,833,450 $406,619 4,093,619 $95,958 $2,053,334 $295,549 3,022,470 $159,666 W 6,651,731 $231,708 $217,859 $1,689,498 26,011,714 $583,591 4,349,742 $103,085 $242,653 2,210,000 $14,757 0) $2,548 $1,730,128 1 Figures not available. ' Not distributable by kind. KXPLOSIVES. Establishments iacludad in this classification manufacture blasting powder; black gunpowder; nitroglycerin; dynamite, including all explosives containing nitro- glycerin; permissible explosives; guncotton, including pyroxylin, and all other cel- lulose nitrates; smokeless powder; and all other high-powered powders used as propellants. Table 223 presents general statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, and the following table gives detail statistics for materials and prod- ucts, for the census of 1914, in comparison with 1909, 1904, and 1899. Table 112 EXPLOSIVES (TONS OP 2,000 POUHDS). 1914 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total CO^I $25,626,539 $22,811,648 $17,203,667 $10,334,974 Sulphur or brimstone: Tons 15,832 $372,763 25,885 $139,496 190,980 $8,979,877 29,002,008 $5,439,405 17,389 $367,866 188,889 $7,892,336 19,574 $507,469 (') (') 133,034 $5,608,557 12 742 Cost $31?; 383 fl'\ Pyrites: Tons Cost M Nitrate of soda: Tons 88,624 $2,902,866 Cost Glycerin: PmiTlds Cost u See footnotes on p. 183. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 183 Table 112— Continued. MA.TEB1AL3 — Continued. Acids: Sulphuric- Consumption, tons Purchased— Tons Cost Produced In works where consumed, tons Nitric- Consumption, pounds Purchased — Pounds Cost Produced in works where consumed, pounds Mixed- Consumption, pounds Purchased — Pounds Cost Produced in works where consumed, pounds All other materials Produced in works where consumed. Acids: Sulphuric, tons 50° Baumfi 66° Baumg Nitric, pounds Mixed, pounds Saltpeter, pounds Nitroglycerin, pounds Nitrate of ammonia, pounds Cellulose nitrates, pounds Charcoal, bushels PEODUCTS. Total Talue Explosives, total: Pounds Value '_['_'_ Dynamite — Number of establishments Pounds Value Permissible explosives- Number of establishments Pounds Value Nitroglycerin — Number of establishments For sale as such , For consumption Production, pounds Sold as such — Poimds Value Consumed in works where produced, pounds Blasting powder- Number of establishments Poimds Value Oimpowder, black- Number of establishments Pounds Value Other explosives — Number of establishments— Guncotton or pyroxylin Smokeless powder Other Pounds Value All other products EXPLOSrVEcS (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 83,605 52,398 $723, 795 31,207 102,920,184 8,694,684 $476, 404 94,226,000 177,306,992 38,509,594 $1,047,377 138,797,398 $8,447,422 31,207 23, 596 7,611 94,226,000 138,797,398 5,409,350 61,517,409 29,891,837 3,616,895 139,508 $41,432,970 2481,752,040 $39,645,382 26 223,667,630 $20,653,653 20 18,113,601 $1,604,072 58 27 65,302,883 3, 785, 474 $950,611 61,517,409 48 207,423,675 $8,459,113 8 7,685,036 $977,455 4 6 6 21,076,624 $7, 100, 478 $1,787,588 1909 65,066 22,501 $406,204 42,565 70,569,756 7,591,756 $641,314 62,968,000 (') 51,764 694 $1,612,626 (') $12,091,202 42,555 (') « 62,968,000 (') 12,060,225 70,289,667 10,904,319 6,000,226 737, 884 $40,139,661 '487,481,152 $37,983,868 26 220, 146, 791 $20,998,820 13 9,607,448 $863,209 49 23 26 74,212,980 3,923,313 $863,360 70,289,667 233,477,175 $9,608,265 8 12,862,700 $1,736,427 2 4 8 7,464,725 $3,913,787 $2, 155, 793 1904 49,292 18,298 $247,301 40,676,500 2,699,500 $122,047 37,976,000 (') 105,652,404 $3,093,429 0) $7,624,864 30,994 !') (') 37,976,000 (') 3,569,376 44,077,828 2,863,857 (') 1,156,918 $29,602,884 < 360, 980, 734 $27,695,963 0) 130,920,829 $12,900,193 52,013,764 7,936,936 $1,620,117 44,077,828 (') 205,436,200 $7,377,977 (') 10,383,944 11,541,483 (') (') (') 6,303,825 $4,256,193 $1,906,921 40,230 7,864 $130,699 32, 366 15,016,587 467,587 $17, 171 14,548,000 (') 66,906,146 $1,506,764 (') $5,461,101 32, 366 14,548,000 0) (') 31,661,806 483,975 « $17, 125, 418 216,980,720 $16,950,976 31 86,846,456 $8,247,223 35,280,498 3,618,692 $783,299 31,661,806 47 123,314,104 $6,310,351 10 9 (') 3,201,468 $2,610,103 $174, 442 ' Figures not available. 2 In addition 5,072,387 poimds, to the value of $1,632,335, were made by Federal establishments, compris- ing 4,998,537 pounds of smokeless powder and 73,850 pounds of other explosi\'es. = In addition 1,471,042 pounds, to the value of $656,959 were made by Federal establishments and 219,366 pounds to the value of $136,979 by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than explosives. ' In addition 1,105,082 pounds, to the value of $567,804 were made by Federal establishments and by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than explosives. 184 CENSUS OF MANUFACrUBES : 1914. FERTILIZERS. Establishments included in this classification manufacture principally "complete fertilizers" by which is meant a mixture of superphosphates with Ijoth potash and ammoniatea; ammoniated fertilizers; superphosphates from minerals, bones, etc.; concentrated phosphates, etc. The production, for sale, of sulphuric and other acids, fish scrap, soda products, oil, bone black, glue, grease, and various chemicals is also reported. Large quantities of some of these products are made by fertilizer establish- ments for their own use. Statistics for fertilizers were first reported separately at the census of 1859, and statistics for that and for subsequent censuses are given in Table 223. The quantity and value of the different classes of fertilizers manufactured in 1914 in comparison with those for the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899 are given in the following table . The statistics include the fertilizer products of establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than fertilizers, chief of which are slaughtering and meat-packing establishments and cottonseed-oil mills. Tatole 113 FEETILIZEES (TONS OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1914 1909 1904 Number of establishments . rertilizer industry Manufacturing fertilizers as subsidiary prod- ucts MATERIALS. Total cost. The fertilizer industry Other industries, fertilizer products-. . . . Ammoniates: Tons Cost Cottonseed meal — Tons Cost Tankage and ammoniates, not else- where specified — Tons Cost Ammonium sulphate; Tons Cost Cyanamid or lime nitrogen: Tons Cost Nitrate of soda: Tons Cost For mixed fertilizers- Tons Cost For acid manufacture- Tons Cost Phosphate rock: Tons Cost Fish: Tons Cost Raw bones: Tons Cost Steamed bone: Tons Cost Ground bone: Tons Cost Bone discard: Tons Cost Pyrites: Tons Cost ; Sulphur or brimstone: Tons Cost 1,238 843 784 1454 550 593 399 153 $119,222,003 873,165,544 3107,964,644 $11,267,369 $69,621,920 $3,643,624 $39,287,914 1,213,168 $28,560,624 325, 234 $8,419,383 887, 934 $20, 131, 141 149,924 $9,015,163 25,911 $1, 176, 119 162, 184 $7,511,809 147,050 $6,807,228 15, 134 $704,681 2,080,961 $11,222,992 250,110 $3,111,991 64,590 $1,603,353 55, 067 $1,178,959 25,139 $593,226 3,395 $36,007 613, 842 $3,590,236 2,041 $42, 716 842,557 $17,200,611 842, 657 $17,200,611 65,592 $3, 732, 112 m (=) 89,846 $3,916,320 1,549,497 $8,828,834 242,045 $3,066,613 8 456,574 $2,831,994 4,236 $68,924 $9,915,648 $2,-376,448 $7,539,200 10,540 $600,856 8 42,213 $1,760,432 8 8 888,571 $4,244,654 m $847,142 8 8 342,962 $2,020,759 4,210 $92,234 See footnotes on p. 186. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PBODUCTS. 185 Tatole 113— Continued. FEETILIZEBS (T0K3 OF 2,000 POUNDS). 1914 1909 1904 1899 MATEKIALS — Continued. Sulphuric acid: Purchased — Tons Cost Made and consumed, tons Superphosphate: Purchased — Tons Cost Made and consunned (acid phosphate), tons Basic slag or Thomas phosphate powder: Tons Cost Guano: Tons Cost Eainit: Tons Cost Potash salts: Tons Cost Muriate o£ potash: Tons Cost Sulphate of potash: Tons Cost Double manure salts: Tons Cost Nitrate of potash or saltpeter — Tons Cost Other potash salts — Tons Cost Hardwood ashes: Tons Cost All other materials. Total value. Fertilizer industry Subsidiary fertilizer products, other in- dustries Fertilizers: Tons Value Complete and ammoniated fertilizers * — Tons Value Superphosphates — Production, tons For sale .-. {*Xe .' ! Made and consumed, tons. . Concentrated phosphate- Tons Value Other fertihzers^ Tons Value Sulphuric acid (reduced to 60° Baum^); Production, tons For sale {IXe"."" Made and consumed, tons Fish scrap: Tons Value Pyrite cinder: Tons Value Oil: Gallons Value 728, 889 $4,387,317 1,276,715 1,096,178 $9,301,501 2,723,317 16,190 $144,213 J20,128 $445,416 448, 885 $3,939,263 529,973 $12,774,113 177,372 $6,497,364 39,232 $1,684,998 108, 580 $1,740,241 507 $28, 287 3 204, 282 $2,823,223 4,437 $54, 171 $20,543,915 $169,017,550 $153,196,152 $15,821,398 See 8,432,206 $153,260,212 5,612,421 $121,676,386 4,416,022 1,692,705 $14,778,654 2,723,317 67,585 $1,367,005 1,059,495 $16,438,167 1,405,768 129,053 $768,873 1,276,715 62,930 $1,915,530 6 245,082 $231,869 2,445,026 $778,337 footnotes on p. 620,708 $3,460,132 841,935 532, 886 $5,175,957 1,838,865 (2) (») 347,104 13, 008, 183 270,459 $7,714,367 m (4 m m m m m m m $14,161,497 $111,871,481 197,865 $1,084,304 692,904 320,659 $2,912,010 884,211 8 190,493 $1,891,073 122, 107 $3,606,701 8 m m $2, 060 $10,310,161 $63,008,593 $103,960,213 $7,911,268 $56,541,263 $6,467,340 5,618,234 $100,089,971 3,623,769 $74,109,307 3,062,834 1,223,969 $13,744,831 1,838,866 270, 128 $2,713,613 600,378 $9,622,320 996,384 163,449 $928,582 841,935 78,484 $2,006,724 6 291,653 $143,607 -3,218,393 $810,938 3,591,771 $66,928,034 2, 385, 201 $44,325,882 1,670,978 786,767 $7,821,096 884,211 m m 419,803 $4,781,056 717,406 24,502 $194,578 m (?) (») (•) (') 231,527 $1,356,382 286,898 $2, 176, 24S m (2) (4 54,700 $520, 833 (') $3,098,400 m m m m m (0 m $5,604,347 $46,209,397 $44,667,385 $1,652,012 2,887,014 $42,097,673 1,622,474 $28,781,883 937,008 $8,592,360 (') m 327,532 $4,723,430 71,176 $437,925 (') (') (?) m m m («) 186. 186 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Talile 113— Continued. FERTILIZERS (TONS OF S.OOO POUNDS). 1914 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCTS — continued. ^ Bone black: Pounds 41,054,769 $1,413,166 $1,131,243 $1,209,334 s $8, 308, 986 (») (') $7,891,659 (') $5,885,981 (') Value (') Glue . (' (») $3,673,799 1 Includes 179 cottonseed-oil mills, 64 grease and tallow establishments, 45 slaughtering and meat packing, and 166 distributed among some 15 other industries that produce wastes of fertiUzing value. ! Figures not available. 3 Includes 17,430 tons reported simply as potash salts. * Includes fertilizers reported as ammoniated fertiUzers but containing both superphosphates and potash, viz, in 1914, 1,519,156 tons; 1909, 622,389 tons; 1904, 775,987 tons; and 1899, 142,898 tons. 5 Not including 155,634 tons In 1914, and 72,402 tons in 1909, of no value at the works. 6 Includes chemicals — ^soda products, acids, etc. — to the value of $400, 597. The value of all products of the industry proper, which includes some that are not fertilizers, was $153,196,152 in 1914, as compared with $103,960,213 in 1909, $56,541,253 in 1904, and $44,657,385 in 1899. Including the fertilizer by-products of other indus- tries, the total production of fertilizers in 1914 was 8,432,206 net tons, valued at $153,- 260,212. During the period 1909-1914 the tonnage of the fertilizer products increased 50.1 per cent. Some of the materials, such as sulphuric acid and superphosphates, are the products of establishments engaged in this industry, and therefore are dupli- cated in the total value of products. GAS, ILLTTMINATIlirG AND HEATING. Establishments under this classification manufacture illuminating and fuel gas, chiefly by destructive distillation of coal, wood, resins, and oil, or other carbonaceous substances. The production of natural gas, of course, is not included. Many manu- facturing concerns convert coal, through imperfect combustion, into "producer" gas for use as fuel or in gas engines. This process, however, is not covered by the statis- tics of the gas industry, nor is the production of blast-furnace gas. The manufacture of Pintsch gas, used principally for lighting railway cars, which carry it in compressed form, is included, likewise Blau gas and acetyline, whether distributed through mains or marketed compressed in cylinders, as well as the operations of municipal gas plants. The data for the industry for every census since 1849, except that of 1879, when no returns were received, are given in Table 223. The statistics for the industry do not include those for establishments operating retort coke ovens, for which see Table 109. The gas pui'chased by the gas companies is largely retort coke-oven gas. The total production of gas made for sale by all establishments, inclusive of retort coke-ovens and the by-products of establishments outside of the gas and the coke industries, was, in 1914, 265,060,574 thousand cubic feet, valued at $181,207,482, and in 1909, 166,667,641 thousand cubic feet, valued at $141,478,557. The statistics for materials and products for 1914, in comparison with those for 1909, 1904, and 1899, are given in the following table: Taftle 114 GAS, ILLUMINATING AND HEATING. 1914 1909 1904 1899 Number of estabUshments Commercial Municipal Number manufacturmg — Straight coal gas Carbureted water gas Mixed coal and water gas Oil gas Acetylene All other gas (gasoline, cold process) Number operating gas and electnc light and power plants in conjunction 1,284 1,146 138 277 430 147 = 153 8 165 112 <385 See footnotes on p. 188. 1,296 1,177 119 343 325 154 179 168 137 1,019 397 237 140 125 53 67 (') 877 (■) (') CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 187 Table 114^-Continued. GAS, ILLUMINATING AND HEATING. 1914 1909 1904 MATERIALS. Total cost Coal used for gas making: Tons (2,000 pounds) '. Cost Oil used tor gas making; Gallons Cost Benzene or benzol: Purctiased — Gallons Cost Made and consumed, gallons Benzine, gasoline, or naphtha: Gallons Cost Coke used lor gas making: Tons (2,000 pounds) Cost Calcium carbide: Pounds Cost Gas purchased: <5ubio feet, thousands Cost Fuel for boilers and retorts Amount paid for lamps and appliances pur- chased tor sale All otjier materials PKODUCTS. Total value - - - Gas: l"or sale — Cubic feet, thousands Value Average value 1,000 cubic feet. . . Made and consumed, 1,000 cubic feet. Straight coal- Cubic feet, thousands Value Average value 1,000 cubic feet Carbureted water — Cubic feet, thousands . .- Value Average value 1 ,000 cubic feet Mixed coal and water- Cubic feet, thousands Value Average value 1,000 cubic feet Oil- Cubic feet, thousands Value Average value 1,000 cubic feet Distributed through mains- Cubic feet, thousands Value Average value 1,000 cubic feet. .. Delivered in containers (com- pressed) — Cubic feet, thousands Value Average value 1,000 cubic feet . . . All other gas (gasoline, cold process)— Cubic feot, thousands Value Average value 1,000 cubic feet «76,779,288 $52,427,844 6 $41,193,951 $20,605,356 6,116,672 $20,872,517 715,418,623 $24,720,998 388,146 $54,653 998,353 $169,020 964,851 $4,600,289 31,749,491 $887,937 28,351,074 $8,883,016 $3,784,911 $7,393,224 $5,512,723 « $220, 237, 790 4,940,698 $16,304,832 578,309,411 $17,105,981 263, 837 $27,543 302,994 1,093,874 $212,226 691,919 $2,667,706 6,080,465 $195,836 16,769,705 $5,416,601 $2,369,131 $5,537,936 $2,690,052 6 $166,814,371 4,431,774 $14,607,485 410,989,564 $15,016,602 435,634 $1,602,762 (') (■) 2,696,671 $937,252 $2,298,168 $4,013,885 $2,718,797 $125,144,946 2,487,287 $7,164,472 194,857,296 $8,168,657 217,354 $726,736 « (') (') $1,082,844 I $3,462,647 $76,710,6 203,639,260 $175,065,920 $0.86 1, 121, 108 10,509,946 $10,726,514 $1.02 90,017,725 $74,516,534 $0.83 86,281,339 $72,012,021 Id, 512, 274 $16,044,509 $0.91 14, 868 $194,019 $13. 05 121,696 $2,317,605 $1^. 04 181,412 $254,718 $1.40 150,835,793 $138,615,309 $0.92 1,730,663 19,986,253 $18,065,841 $0.90 81,144,568 $70,802,780 $0.87 40,775,283 $36,953,643 $0.91 8,688,860 $12,111,458 $1.39 25,186 $361, 348 $14.35 216,643 $320,339 $1.48 112,549,979 $112,662,668 $1.00 1,363,767 12,693,034 $12,868,604 $1.01 55,402,968 $48,903,620 $0.88 40,980,414 $45,605,263 $1.11 3,441,352 $6,141,460 $1.49 7,881 $104,267 $13.23 24,330 $39,354 $1.62 67,093,553 $69,432,582 $1.03 (') (') (') (') 0) (•) (') See footnotes on p. 188. 188 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. Tat)le 114— Continued. GAS, ILLUMINATING AND HEATING. 1901 1899 PRODUCTS— continued. C!oke: Production, bushels For sale- Bushels Value Made and consumed, bushels Tar: Production, gallons For sale — Gallons Value Made and consumed, gallons Ammonia liquors (16-ouQce strength): Gallons Value Ammonium sulphate: Pounds Value Hydrocarbons All other products Receipts from rents and sales of lamps and appliances , Candlepower — average for the year: Number of establishments reporting candlepower— 15 and less , 16andl7 18, 19, and 20 21, 22, and 23 , 24 and over Number not reporting candlepower British thermal units — per cubic foot: Number of establishments reporting B. t. imlts— Less than 500 500 to 699 600 to 699 700 to 899 900 to 1,300 Over 1 ,300 Number not reporting B . t. units Miles of mains Gas stoves and heaters, number connected with mains at end of year » 179,128,267 114,091,753 58,719,920 65,036,504 153,311,196 125,938,607 $3,252,765 27,372,589 50,737,762 81,235,442 6,216,618 S134,190 835,902 $20,815,871 $10,977,774 131,599,836 82,049,683 $5,723,215 49,550,163 109,930,058 78,339,880 $1,876,549 31,590,178 37,277,864 $725,702 (') (■) $44,609 $12,786,697 $7,043,390 135,707,619 89,146,434 $6,196,461 46,561,186 67,616,421 $2,064,343 14,772,878 $972,992 $4,249,581 $4,283,204 $2,000,907 50 290 431 153 '131 229 3 163 677 11 «45 6 11 474 58,727 5,168,924 34 228 405 179 291 159 (0 45,119 8,603,436 (') 0) 32,528 1,481,666 0) (■) 1 Figures not available. 2 Includes 61 Pintsch gas and 4 Blau ^as. 2 Includes 40 without distributing mains; gas sold compressed in cylinders. ' Number operated under same company name: 1914, 377; 1909, 372. Includes amount paid for lamps and appliances, $4,013,886, not included in Table 223. s In addition the following products of gas manufacture were produced commercially by 6 establishmenls in 1914 and 4 in 1909, engaged primarially in other lines of manufacture: 1914 1909 1914 1909 Products, total value... $168,743 $261,802 Coke: 114,371 $9,356 35,100 $2, 076 $15,332 44,347 $3,399 38,370 Gas: 56, 939 41, 744 10,164 5,041 $131,979 40, 628 27,668 Value Cubic feet, thousands Straight coal Tar: Gallons Value $1,372 $2,994 Acetylene (compress- ed) Value 13,070 $264,037 Receipts from rents and sales of lamps and appliances ' Includes 47 Pintsch gas, 18 acetylene, and 28 gasoline gas. 8 Chiefly Pintsch gas, acetylene, and Blau gas. Includes only those of which the company has record. GLUE, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. The principal products of establishments included in this classification are glue, flexible and liquid; gelatin; and glue jelly or paste, derived from hides, bones, flesh- ings, and fish. Statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PKODUCTS. 189 ^o^no^i^}^°^ *° *^! products covered by the table, glue and gelatin to the value of $i5,oas,7fa4 were made in slaughtenng and meat-packing eetabHshments, while fertili- zer factories reported glue to the value of $1,131,243. Other estabUshmenta, princi- pally those making sand and emery paper and cloth, tallow, soap stock, food prepar- ations, oleo oil and fish oil, reported glue and gelatin to the value of $1,772,872, mak- ing the total manufacture of glue $19,725,703 in 1914, aa compared with $16,328,579 GREASE AND TALLOW, NOT INCLUDING LUBRICATING GREASES. Establishments in this classification render soap grease from fat, bones, meat scraps, garbage, etc., and render tallow from the solid fat of cattle, sheep, and other animals. Establishments making grease and tallow reported hides, skins, bones tankage, fertihzers, poultry feed, dried blood, oils, stearine, crackUngs, hoofs, horns, glue stock, ground bones, etc. General statistics for the industry tor the censuses from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. Table 106 gives separate statistics for those establishments making soap stock, for those rendering tallow, and for those reporting other products, respectively, classified according to the product of chief value. There is considerable overlapping between the three subclassifications, as soap stock to the value of $598,876 was made by those establishments rendering tallow and other products, while tallow to the value of $265,491 was reported by those making soap stock, and other products to the value of $23,858 were made by tallow plants. In addition, soap stock to the value of $1,209,334 was reported by the fertiUzer industry, and to the value of $3,742,747 by slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, while estabHshments assigned to other classifications, principally glue, reported soap stock to the value of $1,311,839. Tallow to the value of $12,371,206 was reported by slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, and to the value of $744,143 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally oleo oil. These amounts are in addition to the products shown in the tables. The variations in the extent to which the business of rendering grease and tallow has been conducted in establishments assigned to other industries affect the comparability of the statistics tor different censuses.. LUBRICATING GREASES. This classification includes establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of grease lubricating compounds and axle grease for automobiles, carriages, wagons, and railway cars. The industry was known as "axle grease" prior to 1914, and was first reported separately at the census of 1879. (See Table 223 for comparative statis- tics.) The decreases from 1889 to 1899 shown in the table were due doubtless to a change in the classification of individual establishments by reason of a change in the character of the chief product. In addition to the products covered by the table, petroleum refineries reported the production of lubricating and axle greases to the value of $2,293,103, in 1914, and establishments assigned to other classifications, principally those making fish and miscellaneous oils, reported lubricating grease to the value of $1,755,586. INK. PRINTING. The mixing of boiled oil or varnish with black or other pigments to be used in printing is the principal business of establishments in this classification, which includes printing, lithographing, and embossing inks, colored inks, and gold and bronze ink. At the censuses of 1849 and 1879 there was no separate presentation of the statistics, the classification "ink" including both printing and writing ink. (See Table 223.) In addition to the products covered by the table, printing inks to the value of $177,672 in 1914 and of $89,839 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "bags, other than paper," "paints," and "stationery goods, not elsewhere specified. " INK, WRITING. Establishments under this classification manufacture inks consisting principally of an infusion of galls, copperas, gum arable, and pigments of various kinds. At the censuses of 1849 and 1879 only the totals for "ink" of all kinds were given. Comparable figures, as far as available, are presented in Table 223. Establishments making writing inks also reported the manufacture of mucilage and paste in 1914 to the value of $616,926. This is included in the value of products shown in the table. In addition to the value given lq the table, writing ink to the value of $67,508, in 1914, and of $59,965, in 1909, was reported by establishments. assigned to other classi- fications, principally those making glue, typewriter ribbons, mucilage, and polishing 190 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. OIL, COTTONSEED, AND CAKE. The establishments under this classification are engaged primarily in the manu- facture of oil, cake and meal, hulls, and linters from cotton seed, and in some cases in the refining of oil. General statistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The following table presents the statistics for cottonseed products for the last four censuses; Table 115. COTTONSEED PEODtTCTS (TONS OF 8,000 POUNDS). 1914 1909 1904 1899 Cotton seed, cruslied. ., tons. Products, total value Primary products manufactured, whether for sale or for further use; Crude oil gallous. CaVe and meal tons. Hulls tons. Linters pounds.. 4,790,774 $212,127,024 191,163,261 2,191,610 1,385,940 330,624,502 3,798,649 $147,867,894 157,115,689 1,661,734 1,258,612 174, 620, 099 3,308,930 $96,407,621 132,051,801 1,343,977 1,201,079 116,707,298 2,479,386 $58,726,632 93,325,729 884,391 1,169,286 57,272,053 In addition, cottonseed products to the value of $2,638,390 in 1914 and of $2,017,305 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries. These estab- lishments crushed, in 1914, 56,854 tons of seed and produced 2,169,758 gallons of crude oil, 25,768 tons of cake and meal, 16,969 tons of hulls, and 3,492,011 pounds of linters. In 1909 they crushed 28,752 tons of seed, and produced 1,212,852 gallons of crude oil, 12,811 tons of cake and meal, 8,926 tons of hulls, and 1,152,978 pounds of linters. In 1904, 36,440 tons of seed were crushed and produced 1,765,971 gallons of crude oil, 16,195 tons of cake and meal, 12,265 tons of hulls, and 1,085,671 pounds of linters. OIL, ESSENTIAL. Establishments under this classification extract or distill the oils of various plants, such as peppermint, spearmint, wormwood, pennyroyal, wintergreen, fleabane, tansy, and fireweed. Black birch, spruce, cedar, juniper and sassafras oils, pepper- mint-camphor (menthol) and witch-hazel extract are among the products. General statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1859 to 1914 are given in Table 223. The decrease in the value of products for the decade 1869-1879 may be accounted for on the supposition that in 1869 the production on farms was included in the manu- factures statistics, and that in 1879 it was given with statistics of agriculture. The depreciated currency of 1869 also increased the nominal value of the products that year by about one-fifth. The quantity and value of the natural oils, and of witch-hazel extract produced, and the value of all other products of the essential-oil industry for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following table: Table 116 ESSENTIAX On,S. 1914' 1909 1 1904 « 1899 Number of establishments 107 74 52 47 PRODUCTS. Totalvalue $2,565,361 $1,773,304 $1,464,662 $813,495 Essential oil, value $1,289,482 363,991 $601,617 94,209 $238,074 41,178 $67,691 6,000 $24,538 $1,111,805 305,781 $519,079 33,400 $83,283 67,053 $102,045 22,281 $68,983 $1,023,937 130,022 $470,037 (») m 4,737 $15,579 $700,709 202,550 $188,559 Peppermint — Pounds Value Spearmint — Pounds Black birch — Pounds C31 w Wintergreen— Pounds 2,166 $3,638 Value See footnotes on p. 191. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 191 Tattle 1 16— Continued. ESSENTIAL OILS. 1914' 1909' 1904 ! 1899 PRODUCTS— continued. Essential oil, value— Continued. Wormwood- 4,702 $9,040 $348,622 917,690 $575,938 $699,041 $338,416 691,823 $419,793 $241,706 $538,321 797,700 $367,873 $72,852 Value $508 512 Witch-hazel extracts: Gallons. . 110,260 $54, 649 Value All other products. . . . $58,137 1 Includes two establishments in 1914 and six in 1909 which were engaged primarily in other industries. 2 In addition, essential oils to the value of $14 600, not distributable by kind, were produced by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manulaoture of other products. ' Not reported separately. OIL, LINSEED. The expressing of oil from flaxseed is the chief business of the establishments in this classification, but oil cake and meal and ground flaxseed were also among the products. Linseed oil is used principally in mixing paints. Statistics for the indus- try for the census years from 1849 to 1914 are given in Table 223. . In addition to the products covered by the table, raw linseed oil to the value of $1,201,839 in 1914 and to the value of $1,106,181 in 1909 was made for sale in paint and varnish factories, and to the value of $84,408 in 1914 and of $63,100 in 1909, by establishments assigned to other industries. OIL, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. The compounding and blending of mineral, animal, and vegetable oils for lubri- cating purposes and the manufacture of castor oil, oleo oil, fish or whale oil, resinol and neat's-foot oil, floor oil, signal oil, coconut oil, wool oil, palm oil, and lard oil, etc., constitute the operations carried on by the establishments in this classification. The classifications at the various censuses which were combined under "oil, not elsewhere specified," at the census of 1914 included "oil, castor" in 1909, and also "oil, lard" in 1904 and 1899; "oil, illuminating, not including petroleum refining," "oil, lard," "oil, lubricating," and "oil, resin," in 1889; the same, with the addition of "oil, neat's-foot," in 1879; "oil, animal," "oil, fish," "oil, lubricating," and "oil, vegetable, not specified," in 1869; "oil, coconut," "oil, fish, whale, and other/ "oil, lard," "oil, neat's-foot," "oil, resin," and "oil, chemical," in 1859; and "oil, lard," "oil, whale," and "oil, miscellaneous," in 1849. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. Table 106 gives separate figures for the establishments whose products of chief value were "fish oil," "oleo oil," and "all other" oils. In addition to the products covered by the table, oil to the value of $778,337, chiefly "fish oil," was reported by manufacturers of fertilizers, and "fish oil" to the value of $164,373 by estabhsh- ments assigned to other classifications, principally those making miscellaneous oils and grease and tallow. . . ^-u Oleo oil was reported by slaughtering and meat-packing estabhshments to the value of $11,925,832 and by grease and tallow factories to the value of $471,771. In 1909, slaughtering and meat-packing establishments reported oleo oil to the value of $16,475,726, and miscellaneous oils to the value of $6,350,745, while fertilizers reported oils to the value of $810,938, and establishments assigned to other classih cations reported oils to the value of $2,651,710. Miscellaneous oils to the value of $4,009,602 were reported by slaughtering and meat-packing establishments and to the value of $3,400,175 by estabhshments assigned to other classifications, principally those making fish oil, paints, cheimcals, food preparations, soap stock, and starch. , , .,, Differences' in the classifications of individual estabhshments are doubtless respon- sible for the great apparent increase in the industry from 1859 to 1869 and the great dechne from 1869 to 1879. At the census of 1869 there was only one kind of sched- ule for all industries; it called for general statistics only. It is probable that at that census the manufacture of lard and other animal oils in slaughtering and meat-packmg establishments was included under "oil, animal." At the more recent censuses, and probably also at those of 1889 and 1879 this branch of the business of slaughtering and meat-packina establishments was not segregated. 192 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUBES : 1914. PAINT AND VARNISH The general statistics for establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of paint and for those engaged primarily in the manufacture of varnish are separately given in Table 223 for the censuses from 1859 to 1914, inclusive. There is such an overlapping in the products of some of the establishments, however,_that the detail statistics of materials and products are considered for the combined industries. Paints . — The principal products of establishments in this industry are pigments, and the mixtures of these with linseed oil, turpentine, benzine, wood alcohol, etc., which constitute paint in paste or ready for use. Water paints and kalsomine, stains, and putty are also among the products. The manufacture of white lead or of zinc white is the sole or principal business of some concerns, while some are engaged solely in paint mixing, using the materials made by other establishments. There is thus considerable duplication in the gross value of products for the industry as a whole. Many manufacturing and other concerns mix paints for their own use, the value of which is not reported; but the materials used for such paints are mainly covered by the data for the paint and varnish, linseed oil, and turpentine and rosin industries. Varnislies. — The establishments in the varnish industry manufacture principally varnishes consisting of solutions of gums of various kinds, or of rosins, in solvents such as alcohol, linseed oil, turpentine, naphtha, and benzine. Among the products are the black varnishes called japans, enamels, and fillers made of linseed oil with pow- dered glass, ground slate, or silica. In some instances in both paint and varnish establishments other products are reported as made for sale, such as linseed oil, raw and boiled, and bleached shellac, but larger quantities of such products are made for use in the same establishment. The inquiry at the present census in regard to specific materials used in the manu- facture of paints and varnishes was confined to pig lead, alcohol (grain and wood), linseed oil, and gums. The statistics for j)aint and varnish products and the consump- tion of the above-named materials are given in the following table, for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899: Tatile 117 PAINT AND VAENISH. 1911 1909 1904 1899 Number of establistiments.. Paint industry Varnish industry Establishments manufacturing paint or varnish as subsidiary produciS Certain specified materials used: Pig lead — Tons (2,000 pounds) Cost Grain alcohol — Gallons Cost Wood alcohol- Gallons Cost Linseed oil- Gallons Cost Gums- Pounds Cost , PEODUCTS. Total value. "Paint industry Varnish industry Subsidiary products from other industries. Colors (pigments)s White lead- Production, pounds For sale- Pounds Value Made and consumed, pounds. Lead oxides- Production, pounds For sale- Pounds Value Made and consu med, pounds . . 863 685 215 688 203 72 449 190 150,762 $11,488,113 1,061,324 $436,509 987,451 $422, 122 24,481,623 $12,049,218 48,902,000 14,797,944 150, 163 $12,380,524 356,225 $226,724 1,325,807 $693, 362 129,629 $11,214,961 59,064 $138, 703 1,357,682 $790, 243 20,642,781 $7,904,978 37,712,000 $4,329,031 $149,130,873 $127,472,819 $92,060,947 $112,408,742 $33, 214, 949 $3, 507, 182 $17,407,955 279,269,860 71,643,812 $3,697,702 207,626,048 61,335,290 58, 642, 588 $3,281,716 2,692,702 $94,572,006 $30,317,417 $2,583,397 $18, 134, 869 247,971,503 86, 269, 414 $3, 924, 628 162,702,089 70,293,679 65,767,254 $3, 798, 551 4,626,425 S67, 277, 910 $23,661,699 $1,221,338 $13,933,290 240,092,000 62,446,000 82,879,609 177,646,000 73,326,000 63,476,000 $3, 509, 275 9,850,000 419 181 99,052 $8,586,688 78,309 $175,907 310,059 $285,610 16,157,117 $7,495,196 36,634,000 $3,470,695 $73,498,986 $50,874,995 $18,687,240 $3,936,751 $13,683,161 254,692,000 123,070,000 $4,501,058 131,622,000 64,466,000 62,386,000 $2,862,743 2,080,000 See footnotes on p. 194. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PEODUCTS. 193 Table 117— Continued. PAINT AND VARNISH. 1914 1900 1904 1899 PRODUCTS — continued. Colors (pigments) — Continued. Barytes— 40,920,380 $325,922 92,896,956 $797,819 48,972,062 $1,857,610 5,747,317 3641,534 8,024,409 $677,329 1,239,382 $387,077 2,698,639 $222,769 95,616,993 S3, 616, 445 322,759 $200, 134 4,215,874 $690, 235 21,420,854 $1,011,763 $70,582,461 281,417,563 $18, 141, 444 9,551,840 $730,918 129,042,658 $10,165,819 40,745,563 $41, 544, 280 $36, 142, 256 17, 801, 438 $18,762,399 2,964,172 $3,080,425 3,297,371 $2,865,256 852,571 $1,308,796 6,560,406 $3,015,907 4, 888, 816 $2,960,856 $4,148,617 965,636 $670,033 49,587,548 $1,318,720 69,828,017 $1,250,421 footnotes on p 56,254,838 $348,470 213,285,734 $1,085,438 163,713,582 $6,523,728 259,658 $107,472 8,420,120 $1,052,443 28,600,222 $1,294,239 $57,380,539 246,569,970 $15,234,639 165,038,353 ■ $11,435,937 34,278,989 $30,710,063 $31,758,735 18,692,527 $17,559,898_^ 1,273,411 $1,502,398 3,483,994 $2,839,534 1,886,541 $2,356,692 6,638,706 S3, 165, 589 2,983,285 $2,079,927 $2,254,697 1,166,633 $828,393 65,148,395 $1, 199, 595 67,767,348 $1, 169, 683 194. 0) 48,826,000 $336,616 142,848,386 $5,1S4,8C6 8,030,330 $1,091,853 25,505,482 $931,131 $41, 454, 124 229,622,000 $11, 789, 982 134,042,000 $8,892,755 22,755,018 $20,771,387 $21,808,409 17,323,719 $15,704,237 1,640,362 $2,199,213 (') 4.52, 561 $555, 959 4,3.57,505 $3,349,000 (1) (') (■) 1,059,948 $786,517 (■) 43,931,556 $728,468 (1) Value (1) Iron buli and other earth colors- Pounds 34, 904, OOO $367,987 Llthopone— Pounds . . , Value Chrome yellow- Pounds Value Orange or gi-ecn— Founds 159,488,931 $4,080,746 Prussian blue- Value Ultramarine- Value Value. Vermilion (true)^ Value 3,898,447 $1,009,096 Pounds Value Pulp colors, sold moist — 20,060,935 Value $861,531 $33,181,681 In paste form, ground in oil- White lead- 119,012,000 $6,127,960 Zinc- Value All other— $11,761,240 In oil, already mixed for use- 17,437,311 $15,302,481 $18,724,908 14,804,251 $14,630,169 Spirit varnishes, not turpentine— 553,432 $921, 169 Damar and similar turpentine and ben- zine varnishes — 9?. Value. (') Fyroxyhn varnishes — 171,129 $187, 626 Drying japans and dryers- 6,564,370 Baking japans and lacouers— (') Fillers- Liquid- 123,552 Value ??, (') Putty— 17,287,323 Valre 67031°— 17 13 194 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUKES : 1914. TaTjle 117— Continued. PAINT AND VARNISH. 1914 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCTS— continued . "Water paiats and kalsomine— Dry or in paste — 61,904,258 »2, 055, 180 297,173 $147,101 2,230,988 $1,201,839 572,661 $306,569 $999,392 8,654,514 $1,806,802 2,896,313 $150,587 1,047,140 $257,725 $14,833,832 47,465,715 $1,917,047 543,733 $64,114 2,098,696 $1,106,181 1,379,025 $806,846 0) 3,905,593 $772,240 (') (') P) 0) $12,334,577 28,457,447 $936,607 (') (') (') (') 14,412,653 Value. 1744,024 MLxed for use — Gallons (') Value. (') Linseed oil- Raw— (') (') Boiled- Value Other oils (') f) (') (') (■) (') $12,413,532 O Bleached shellac — (') Value. (') Acetate of lead — Pounds 0) Value (') Driers — (') (4 $6,813,864 1 Figures not available. ' In addition, in 1914, 106,791 tons of pigments, valued at $9,978,710, were made by smelters direct from the ore, and 66,766 tons ot natural mineral pigments, valued at $473,076, v.ere marketed; and in 1909, 87,525 tons of pigments-, valued at $7,%3,332, were made by smelters direct from tbe ore, and 61,137 tons of natural mineral pigments, valued at .5613,133, were marketed. 3 Includes lampblack and other carbon blacks made by paint and varnish establisluaents. See Table 107 for bone, carbon, and lamp black statistics. PETROLETTM, REFINING. All crude petroleum refineries are included under this classification. The prin- cipal products are illuminating, fuel, and lubricating oils, gasoUne.and paraflin wax. Other products are lubricating and other greases, oil asphaltum, coke, black naphtha, tar, and sludge acid and residuums. The statistics for each census from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The products of the petroleum-refining industry, statistics for which are presented in the following table, aggregated $396,361,406 in value in 1914, as compared with $236,997,659 in 1909, and $175,005,320 in 1904, and $123,929,384 in 1899, the increase during the last decade (1904^1914) being 126.5 per cent. This conforms closely to the increase in the cost of crude petroleum used, which was 132.3 per cent. The crude petroleum used increased in quantity from 66,982,862 barrels of 42 gallons in 1904 to 191,262.724 barrels in 1914, or 185.5 per cent, and the refined-oil products aggregated 40,290,985 barrels of 50 gallons in 1899, 46,454,082 barrels in 1904, 89,082,810 barrels in 1909, and 152,944,877 barrels in 1914, an increase for the last decade of 229.2 per cent. Table 118 PETKOLEUM. lEFINING. 1911 1909 1904 1899 176 147 98 07 MATERIALS, Total cost $325,264,509 $199,273,402 $139,387,213 $102,859,341 Crude petroleum used ' 191, 262, 724 8249,727,856 41,901,651 $30,157,013 92,463,637 $121,188,411 120,775,439 $152,307,040 13,481,885 $10,108,541 42,885,051 $41,959,100 66,982,862 $107, 487, 091 (') (') 52,011,005 $80,424,207 Cost California- Barrels Cost Mid-Continent— Barrels Cost See footnotes on p. 190. CHEMICALS AXD ALLIED PRODUCTS. 195 Table 118— Continued. PETROLEUM, REFINING. 1914 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS — Continued. Crude petroleum used ' — Continued. Pennsylvania grade — Barrels Cost nUnois— Barrels. . . ., Cost Gulf- Barrels Cost Lima-Indiana— Barrels Cost Colorado and Wyoming- Barrels Cost Mexican — Barrels ; . Cost Partly refined oils and waxes purchased : Barrels (50 gallons) Cost Caustic soda: TOQS Cost Sulphur and pyrites Sulphuric acid: Consumption, tons (2,000 pounds) Purchased— Tons Cost Made and consumed, tons Containers and materials therefor . Wooden Metal Fuel and rent of power All other materials TEODUCTS. Total value Naplitha.s and lighter products : Gasoline (petroleum rc^'neries) — Barrels (50 gallons) Value All other: Barrels Value •Illuminating oils: Barrels Value : Furloils; Barrels Value Distillates — Barrels Value Gas oils — Barrels Value Residual fuel oils- Barrels Value Lubricating oils: Barrels — Value Pale or paraffin; viscosity leas than 100 per cent Universal; or flash under 400 per cent Fahrenheit, closed cup — Barrels Value Red or neutral; visoositx' 100 per cent Universal; or flash 400 per cent Fah- renheit, or over, closed cup (not In- cluding cylinder oils) — Barrels Value Cylinder oils — Barrels Value -•-.-■-■ All other lubricating oils, ineludmg compounded (except cylinder) oils- Barrels Value 21,196,964 $50,019,939 17,672,279 $30, 137, 986 5,787,313 86,080,907 2,564, 742 $4,286,588 3, 441, 893 $2,088,700 6,23.5,245 $5,768,282 7, 942, 444 $24,395,541 11, 108 $381, 421 < $206, 053 328, 895 290,455 $3,519,552 38,440 $12,944,471 $7,292,207 $13,567,284 $13,250,124 $396,361,406 6 23, 908, 242 8106, 140, 170 5,292,522 $15, 779, 137 38,705,496 $96, 806, 452 74,681,841 $84,017,916 9,149,833 $15,999,342 16, 111, 168 $22,805,340 50,420,840 $45,213,234 10,3-5P,776 $55,812,120 1,868,442 $8,084,650 2,327,u60 $12,426,023 2,058,982 $13,703,772 4,102,302 $21,597,675 24, 508, 218 $47, 545, 138 26, 236, 883 $36,218,407 5,262,664 $4, 669, 488 8,083,096 $11, 455, 764 307,642 $350,804 m b) $4,003,198 48,580 $8, 937, 421 $8,037,467 $8,376,383 $17,611,893 $236,997,659 $2,304,635 49,379 $17,870,348 $5, 139, 934 88,585,205 $175,005,320 (') (') (») m m m (') (') (») (») $1,735,782 (^) $11,151,733 $3,120,441 $6,427,178 $123,929,384 10, 806. .550 $39,77i;959 33, 495, 798 $94,547,010 34,034,577 $30,462,883 m 10,745,885 $38,884,230 3,239,230 $9,473,975 614,884 $2,255,924 1,587,579 $9,482,568 '5,304,192 $17,671,769 5,811,289 $21,314,837 27,136,094 $91,366,434 -7,209,428 $9,205,391 h m (') p) (') 6, 298, 251 $23,553,091 1,644,400 $6, 210, 279 604,042 $1,942,153 1,366,661 $9,332,299 2,783,148 $0,068,360 5,615,654 $15,991,742 25,171,289 $74,694,297 6,095,224 $7,550,664 P) b) P) P) m (') 3,408,918 $10,897,214 1,606,783 $3,987,037 608,185 $2,256,626 517,787 ■ $2,984,264 676, 163 $1,669,287 See footnotes on p. 196. 196 CENSUS OP MANtrPACTUHES : 1914. Talble 118— Continued. PEODUCTS— continued. Residium or tar, including liquid asphaltic road oils: Barrels Value Greases: Barrels Value Petrolatum, mineral jelly, etc.— Barrels Value Lubricating greases— „ Barrels Value Axle grease — Barrels Value Paraffin wax: Barrels Value Asphalt, other than liquid asphalt: Tons (2,000 pounds) Value Coke: Tons , Value ' Reclaimed or separated acid sold (calcu- lated at 66° Baume): Tons Value Candles Other special products All other products EQinPMENT. stills, number Steam- Number Capacity (barrels, 42 gallons) - F^re— ■ Number Capacity Agitators Chilling houses for paraffin Hydraulic or other presses Storage tanks for— Crude petroleum — Number .' Capacity (gallons) Refined petroleum products — Number Capacity Fuel oil- Number Capacity Other storage^tanks — Number Capacity TETROLEUM, REFINING. 1914 2,696,887 $4,017,858 280,128 $3,536,491 121,561 $1,243,388 99,603 $1,624,949 58,964 $668, 154 1,150,776 $8,897,106 465,157 $4,867,213 213,777 $818,889 89,792 $491,380 81,402,945 8 18,507,993 $5,265,736 612 426,000 3,027 2,021,000 770 76 459 1,014 58(),202,000 6,967 1,042,836,000 807 343,132,000 4,111 646,608,000 1909 1,787,008 $2,215,623 138,302 $1,567,647 ^^ 946,830 $9,388,812 233,328 $2,724,752 m $507, 695 133,215 $402,295 $10,524,747 2,395 467 431,000 1,928 1,657,000 529 79 357 678 242,591,000 6,476 1,041,627,000 1904 3,187,921 $3,138,361 202,439 $1,394,130 P) (2) r^ 794,068 $10,007,274 (=) $149,653 165,104 $400,480 $14,475,669 1,907 297 1,610 374 67 311 (») (2) 304 245,760,000 3,575 576,459,000 S 1899 596,615 $688,465 572, 140 $2,454,617 (."} 774,924 $7,791,149 m m $176,281 $3,684,965 1,774 316 1,458 327 48 610 C) m m m c: 1 Crude petroleum production (United States Geological Survey) and refinery consumption, by fields: 1914 1909 Production (United States). Consumption by refineries. Production (United States). Consumption by reiineries. Total number of barrels (42 gallons). . 2&5,762,535 191,262,724 183, 170, 874 120,775,439 California. . 99,775,327 97,996,400 24,101,048 21,919,749 13,117,528 6,062,543 3,790,940 41,901,651 92,462,637 21, 196, 964 17,672,279 5, 787, 313 2,664,742 3,441,893 6, 235, 245 55,471,601 50,833,740 26,535,844 30,898,339 10,883,240 8,211,443 336,667 13,481,885 42,895,051 24,508,218 23,236,883 6,262,664 8,083,096 307, 642 Mid-continent (Kansas, Oklahoma, etc. ) . . Pennsylvania grade (Appalachian) Gulf Lima, Indiana Colorado, Wyoming, and other fields (United States) 2 Figures not available. a Included under "All other materials." > Quantities represented, sulphur 2,035 tons, pyrites 23,669 tons. • s Includes "wet " natural gas estimated at 1,600,208 thousand cubic feet, cost $92,476, used by refineries. « The production of casmg-head gasoline— that made at the wells from natural gas— was 853,053 barrels (42,652,632 gallons). Excluding duplication on account of casing-head gasoline reported by refineries the total production of gasoline was 24,711,565 barrels (50 gallons). ' Includes 2,564,812 barrels reported as reduced oil. 8 Includes partly finished stock, paraffin acid oil, tree sprays, etc. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PEODUCTS. 197 SALT. All establishments producing salt, whether by mining or by evaporation, aa well as those refining salt, are included in this classification. The products include brine, bromine, and calcium chloride. The major part of the business is of the nature of manufacturing rather than of mining or extracting material from the earth. General statistics for the industry are presented in Table 223 for the censuses from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. Statistics of the materials and products for this industry are collected annually by the United States Geological Survey, therefore such data were not reported to the census in 1914. The following table gives the totals for that year as compiled by the United States Geological Survey in comparison with those for the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899: Tatole 119 191 1 1909 1904 1899 Total value. 814,070,333 $11,327,834 1 $9, 437, 662 87,966,897 Salt: Barrels Value Bromine: Pounds Value Calcium cliloride; ^ Tons (2,000 pounds). Value All other products , value Salt, classified by grade (barrels): Tabic and dairy Common fine Common coarse Packers Coarse solar Rock salt, mined Milling, other grades, and brine . 2 34,804,683 810,271,358 576,991 $203,094 i9, 403 $121, 766 $3,474,115 29,933,060 $8,311,729 569,725 $57,600 12,853 $63,198 $2,895,307 17,128,572 $6,955,734 261,665 $72,584 $2,409,344 15,187,819 $5,869,362 279,437 $64,921 $2,032,614 4,121,574 6,237,860 3,789,163 1,080,199 7,577,172 11,998,715 3,042,824 7, 745, 204 2,843,393 385,802 1,109,396 5,938,721 8, 867, 720 3,119,091 6,254,293 1,878,666 498,943 1,677,182 3,416,835 283, 662 1,866,058 6,866,126 2,635,282 182,930 910,974 2,543,679 182, 770 1 In addition, 25,043 barrels ot salt, to the value of $8,415, were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Includes solar salt of Porto Rico. . . ' From natural brine; not including that obtamed m connection with the manufacture of soda. Establishments under this classification manufacture chiefly hard soaps, including powdered soaps, toilet, shaving and special soaps; soft soaps, and glycerin. General statistics for the industry for the census years from 1904 to 1914, inclusive, are pre- sented in Table 223. The statistics for the soap industry, given in the following table for 1914, 1909, and 1904, include those for the soap factories operated by the owners of slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, as well as for establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of soap. In 1899 the manufacture of soap and of candles was reported as one industry the value of products being .'553,231,017. In 1904 the value of the com- bined products of these industries was $72,164,062, in 1909, $114,488,298, and in 1914, $129 673 164 The cost of the materials used in the soap industry was $88,866,786 in 1914, $72 179 418 in 1909, and $43,625,608 in 1904, the increase for the ten-year period being 103'7 per cent The value of all products was $127,942,441 in 1914, $111,357,777 in 1909, and $68,274,700 in 1904, the increase for the ten-year period being 87.4 per cent. With the addition of the by-products from establishments in other industries the total value of soap products was $135,304,499 in 1914. The chief soap product was hard soap, which, including that made in establishments engaged primarily m the manu- facture of products other than soap, aggregated 1,032,114 net tons in 1914 Glycerin is an important product of the soap industry. Reference should be made to iable 108 for the total glycerin product, including that of chemical establishments. 198 CEirsus or mam-ufaotures : 1914. Tal>le 120 I9U 1904 Number of establishments. Soap industry Manufacturing subsidiary soap products. MATEEIALS.' Total cost. Tallow, grease, and other tats: Pounds Cost Cocoanut and palm-ternel oil: Gallons Cost Cottonseed oil; Consumption, gallons Purchased — Gallons Cost Produced and consumed, gallons . Eosin: Pounds Cost..: Foots: Poimds Cost Caustic soda: Tons (2,000 pounds) Cost Soda ash: Tons (2,000 pounds) Cost All other materials i Produced in works where consumed.' Bed oil, gallons Tallow, pounds Cottonseed oil, gallons Caustic lye (30° Baum6), gallons Sodium silicate, pounds Glycerin, pounds , Framed soap, pounds Total value. , Soap industry Subsidiary products, other industries. Bard soaps: Quantity, pounds Tallow soap Olein soap Foots soap Toilet soap Powdered soap Soap chips All other hard soaps Value Soft soap: Pounds Value Special soap articles Glycerin ': Crude, for sale- Pounds Value Refined, pounds For sale — Pounds Value Produced and consumed, pounds Lye: Pounds Value Perfumes and toilet preparations Candles All other products 613 526 371 142 420 106 $88,866,786 172,179,418 546, $32, 13, $9, 289,571 565,899 225, a30 406,583 16,144,786 185, !M, 123, $6. $1, $1, $25 903,691 700,688 241,095 310,786 067,992 032,886 456,784 55,320 936,575 140, 983 997, 576 734, 690 3,653,557 5,331,000 241,095 22,777,000 43, 197, 255 2,156,591 618,096,000 $135,304,499 413,969,787 $23,341,905 11,856,337 $5,875,294 26,611,810 24,221,712 $9,718,988 2,390,098 207,296,447 $4,362,412 94,050,892 $2,453,609 52, 172 $2,212,232 121,016 $2,281,787 $21,933,191 3,128,736 16,664,000 2,390,098 15,804,000 37,466,246 5, 879, 279 524,775,000 $115,455,190 $127,942,441 $7,362,058 2,064,228,000 938,447,000 42,524,000 111,063,000 169,926,000 367,744,000 97,746,000 336,778,000 $104,464,542 57,002,000 $1,697,424 $832,654 12,745,336 $1,817,536 34,831,082 32,674,491 $5,775,887 2,156,591 23,346,000 $891,265 $6,804,508 $180, 492 '$12,870,191 $111,357,777 $4,097,413 l', 794, 249, 000 944,409,000 33,696,000 73,444,000 111,571,000 301,176,000 329,953,000 $91,064,466 60,037,000 $1, 269, 187 $706,177 0) $43,625,608 475,618,277 $19,723,311 6,833,132 $2,692,034 14,196,416 13,276,006 $3,882,987 920,410 168,107,246 $2,734,848 59,761,740 $1,222,982 71,551 $2,843,988 53,777 $1,011,694 $9,513,764 1,149,346 10,613,000 920,410 9,569,000 1,597,886 3,433,359 $72,110,023 $6,790,282 5,879,279 $15,625,078 $68,274,700 $3,835,323 1,386,610,000 0) $58,027,406 43,899,000 $761,081 $554,881 $5,401,520 3,433,359 $7,365,135 1 Figures not available. 2 Not including those consumed in soap manufacture in establishments making subsidiary soap nroducts. » See table 108, chemicals, lor total glycerin production. « Includes cottonseed products, $3,008,386; chemicals, $941,379; cleansing and polishing preparations, $500,466; grease and tallflw, $235,195; lard oil, $125,706; dyestufts and e.Ktracts, $73,003; pat jnt medioinei and compounds, $64,477; and miscellaneous and undesignated products, $7,921,579. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. 199 TrKPENTIlTE AND ROSIN. The establishments included in this classification distil the gum exuded from the southern pine, the distillate being turpentine and residuum rosin. Establishments engaged in the destructive distillation of wood are not included here, but under "wood distillation." The industry includes the extraction of the raw material from the trees as well as its distillation. General statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The decrease shown in value of products during the decade 1852-1869 was due primarily to the Civil War. The following table gives the quantity and value of the turpentine and rosin pro- duced in 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899: Table 121 TUEPENTINE AND EOSIN. PRODUCT. 1914 1909 1904 1899 Total value . - 1 $20, 990, 191 $25,295,017 823,937,024 $20, 344, 838 Turpentine: 26,980,981 $10,509,527 2,885,077 $10,329,410 $151,254 28,988,964 $12,654,228 3,263,857 $12,576,721 $64,068 30,687,051 $15,170,499 3,508,347 $8,725,619 $40,906 37,733,600 $14,960,235 Bosin: Barrels (280 pounds) 4,348,094 Value $5,129,208 $255,385 > In addition, in 1914, 92,401 gallons of tuipentine, valiled at $36,617, and 8,027 barrels ot rosin, valued at $44,734, were reported by establishments assigned to lumber and timber products, and 675,557 gallons of turpentine, valued at $194,183, and 61,826 barrels of rosin, valued at $198,166, by wood distillation. In 1909, 18,310 gallons of turpentine, valued at $7,482, were reported by lumber manufactures, and 706,868 gallons, valued at $249,526, by wood distillation. In 1904, 442,185 gallons of turpentine, valued at $176,521, were reported by wood distillation. The total production of turpentine in all industries was 27,648,939 gallons valued at $10,740,327 in 1914, as compared with 29,714,132 gallons, valued at $12,911,236 in 1909, and 31,129,236 gallons valued at $15,347,020 in 1904. The acreage of timber land worked in 1914 was 8,428,088, compared with 8,056,915 in 1909, making an increase of 4.6 per cent. The returns show a very great increase in the use of the cup system of gathering crude gum. In 1914 the number of crops (of 10,500 cups) worked was 11,813, as compared with only 2,383 in 1909, the percentage of increase being 395.7. On the other hand , the number of crops worked by the boxing system decreased from 17,775 in 1909 to 6,353 in 1914, or 64.3 per cent. The number of crops in back-boxed timber increased from 6,795 in 1909 to 8,314 in 1914, or by 22.4 per cent. WOOD DISTILLATION, NOT INCLUDING TURPENTINE AND ROSIN. This classification includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of wood alcohol (methyl alcohol), pyi-oligneous acid, acetates, tar, turpentine, and charcoal by the destructive distillation of wood in retorts, o\ens, or kilns, but does not include establishments making spirits of turpentine from the crude turpentine or gum exuded by the southern pine. The statistics for the industry for 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914 are shown in Table 223. The statistics include establishments engaged in the refining of crude wood alcohol. In the North the hard woods are generally used with a pro- duction of wood alcohol, while in the South wood distillation is usually confined to pine with a production of turpentine. The statistics for materials, products, and equipment, for 1914, in comparison with those for the censuses of 1909, 1904. and 1899, are given in the following table: Tal)ie 122 WOOD DISTILLATION. 1914 1909 19D4 1899 101 136 150 111 95 6 80 10 15 120 16 98 17 33 141 9 129 15 31 102 Manufacturing subsidiary wood distil- 9 93 18 Number distilling pine wood 4 See footnotes on p. 200. 200 CENSUS OP MANUFACTXTRES : 1914. Tal&le 122— Continued. WOOD DISTn.LATION. 1914 1909 1904 1889 MATERIALS. 1,042,617 970, 308 72,209 7,388,902 5, 5G3, 446 31,438,124 1,823,456 310,529,829 11,265,157 1,149,847 115,310 9,670,497 7,135,614 $1,784,029 2,534,883 $10,312,657 1,049,503 1,018,072 31,431 490,939 487,805 Hardwoods 3,134 Crude wood alcohol: Purchased — 1,468,028 89,037,313 f2\ Made and consumed , gallons PRODUCTS. n Wood distillation industry 89,882,537 3647, 292 9,020,431 7,196.976 81,605,880 1,823,456 6,464,965 0,235,113 S2,709,3C9 229,842 "166,084,523 163,621,577 $2,138,909 ■2,562,946 ' 575, 557 8194, 183 2,794,881 1,306,324 3174, 154 1,488,667 2,073,057 338,872 44,4,51,486 = 32,801,401 '51,825 $198,165 6 $441, 399 3227,497 $9,736,998 $575, 059 9,307,683 6,772,700 $1,774,459 2,534,883 87,813,483 81.223,830 8,282,286 6,814,268 32,201,961 1,468,028 36,001,023 Suhsidjary products, other industries Wood alcohol: For sale- 4, 945, 963 Value ~ 81, 976, 986 For sale- 6,732,877 $3,096,808 5,917,153 $3,465,625 3, 038, 140 Value 82, 236, 898 Made and consumed, gallons Acetate of lime, pounds For sale — Pounds C") 141,478,290 82,118,443 700,868 $249,526 110,383,997 51,527,733 443,185 3176,521 86, 826, OflO Value - . 8981, 286 (!) Turpentine: Gallons ... . (2) Value V) For sale- Gallons... 1,570,267 $113,225 2,549,190 334,645 39,952,235 $2,426,048 29,917,212 $1,487,165 $138,481 349,827 (2) Value M Wood creosote: >'onnHs f) 17,154,302 3726,672 Charcoal: Value Rosin: Value I 819,181 Other wood distillation products $231,192 $267,711 All other products DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT. Aggregate capacity, cords 26,707 794 1,850 228 1,717 326 23,140 24,594 1,448 2,703 177 1,080 310 20,811 Retorts: ' Number Ovens: ' Numher Capacity cords Kilns: Capacity, cords 1 Forest Products of the United States, 1909, p. 163; includes some wood used in charcoal burning. 2 Figures not available. 3 Total production of acetate of lime. ' Total production of turpentine and rosin, all industries; turpentine, 27,648,939 gallons; rosin, 2,044,929 barrels. ■' Total value of products of the charcoal industry and of charcoal made for sale in other industries, $3,209,628. 6 Includes acetic acid, acetate of soda, acetone, formaldehyde, pyroli-nite of iron, and wood ashes. Total production for sale by all industries, of acetone, 10,425,817 pounds, value $1,093,585; acetic acid, 70,617,037 pounds, value 31,272,294; formaldehyde, 8,426,247 poimds, value 30,55,174. ' In some cases equipment was reported as retorts at one census and ovens at another census. STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS. 201 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS. THE GROUP AS A WHOLE. _ Nearly all of the establishmentg included in this group derive their principal mate- rial from the earth in the form of stone, clay, or sand, and the grouping is based upon this similarity with respect to source of material rather than upon any similarity in the character or use of the finished product. The industries designated "china deco- rating, not including that done in potteries," "statuary and art goods," "mirrors, framed and unframed, " and "glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting, " which are included in the group, use as their principal materials the products of other industries in the group. In the total value of products of the group there is thus a certdin amount of duplication. Some of the industries in this group are closely related to quarrying. In a number of instances both quarrying and manufacturing are carried on by the same establish- ment, and the two branches of the business are in many cases of nearly equal import- ance. As these establishments usually keep but one set of books, and as the same em- ployees in many cases work in both branches of the industry, a separation of the data for quarrying from those for manufacturing is not practicable. At the census of 1909 the statistics for these border-line establishments were included both with those for manufactures and with those for mining. At that census reports for mines and quar- ries and manufactures were collected by the same agents. It is probable that the 1909 figures included a larger number of quarries at which some manufacturing was done than were reported for the census of 1914, which was confined to manufactures. This explains, in part, the decrease in some branches of the industry in certain states. In certain industries, in which raw material is extracted from the ground and sub- sequently manipulated by the same concern, as in the manufacture of cement, brick, tile, terra cotta, fire-clay products, pottery, lime, etc., the manufacturing operations are so much the more important that the statistics for these establishments, as a whole, are included with those for manufactures, and no part of their operations was included with the statistics for mines and quarries at the census of 1909. In some industries, such as the production of gypsum, slate, graphite, whetstones, oilstones, and millstones, the operations of most of the establishments are, primarily, those of quarrying, and the manufacturing processes are only an incidental or minor part of the work of preparing the products for sale. For such establishments the data are omitted from the general statistics for manufactures; but establishments which perform similar manufacturing operations on materials bought from the original producers are covered by the report on manufactures. Thus, it will be seen that the statistics presented in the report for manufactures do not represent the entire output of the products named above. The table below shows the number of establishments, average number of wage earners, capital, total wages paid, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture for the different industries included in the group "stone, clay, and glass products, " as reported for the census of 1914. In this table the indus- tries are divided into three groups: (1) Those in which stone is the principal mate- rial, (2) those in which clay is the principal material, and (3) the glass industry and those industries using glass as their principal material. The placing of one or two industries is rather arbitrary. For example, artificial stone may be made from sand and cement, and plaster and stone, as well as clay, are used in the manufacture of statuary and art goods. Tatole 123 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODDCTS: 1914. INDUSTET. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by ■ manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total 1 -• 14,747 334, 702 $987,328 $205,419 $238,734 $614,162 $375,428 Industries using stone as a material 9,453 114,213 455,659 73,831 117,453 273,764 156,301 3,548 4,901 3,365 1,346 112 78 10,255 54,981 14,385 32,399 6,219 1,978 19,414 118,423 30,720 74,312 10,555 2,836 6,308 37,960 10,858 22,901 3,094 1,107 8,904 37,802 16,333 19,205 1,445 819 21,934 107,055 40,977 57,712 5,914 2,452 13,030 69,253 24, 644 38, 507 Monuments and tombstones. . . Marble and stone work, other Roofing slate 4,469 1,633 Other slate products See footnote on p. 202. 202 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 123 — Continued, Industries using stone as a material- Continued. Lime Cement -■ Wall plaster Emery and other abrasive wheels, . Grindstones Hones and whetstones Industries using clay as a material Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire- clay products Building brick Sewer pipe and draintile Fire brick and stove lining Tiles, other than draintiles Architectural and fireproofing terra-cotta All other Sand-lime brick Potter;^'' China^are , Earthen and stone ware All other China decorating, not including that done in potteries Crucibles Minerals and earths, ground Statuary and art goods Glass and manufactures of glass Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and orna- menting Mirrors, framed and unframed STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS: 1914. Value Num- Wage Cost of Value of products. added ber of earners Capital. Wages. mate- by estab- (average rials. manu- lish- num' facture. ments. ber). Expressed in thousands. 627 12,429 134, 124 86,040 S7,.')58 818,391 $10,833 133 27,916 243,485 18,192 51,987 101,756 49,769 165 5,389 29,511 3,453 7,993 16,544 8,551 49 2,387 8,224 1,491 3,006 7,130 4,124 14 686 1,979 323 116 684 568 16 170 499 64 87 260 173 4,129 134,736 359,916 76,294 62,108 190,688 128,580 3,239 100, 182 279,860 54,907 42,723 135,921 93,198 2,177 55,652 148,036 30,513 21,514 71,361 49,847 679 15,480 46,565 9,060 8,005 25,330 17,325 210 16,005 52,104 8,021 7,885 21,579 13,694 43 4,156 8,346 2,018 2,045 5,754 3,709 115 8,478 24,335 5,106 3,152 11,450 8,298 15 411 474 189 122 447 325 45 557 2,185 322 350 994 644 350 26,705 44,704 16,666 12,032 36,943 24,911 128 19, 166 28,174 12, 149 9,139 26,235 17,0% 187 5,901 12,433 3,461 2,052 8,192 6,140 35 1,638 4,097 1,056 841 2,516 1,075 51 295 463 160 330 727 397 10 302 1,871 171 1,270 1,886 616 244 4,707 27,439 2,485 4,561 10,307 5,746 190 1,988 3,394 1,583 842 3,910 3,068 1,165 85,753 171,753 55,294 59,173 149,720 90,547 348 74,502 153,926 48,666 46,016 123,083 77,069 635 8,067 11,310 4,670 7,143 16,446 9,303 182 3,184 6,517 1,968 6,014 10,189 4,175 1 The table does not include the statistics for establishments engaged in the manufacture of "millstones," which are included in the total for "All other industries," in order to avoid disclosing the operations of individual establishments. The statistics for the quantity and value of the different products for cement, lime, wall plaster, brick and tile, terra-cotta and fire-clay products, pottery and sand-lime brick, grindstones and hones and whetstones are collected annually by the United States Geological Survey, and the tables giving figures for the different products for 1914 are taken from the reports of that office. ARTiriCIAL STONE PROOirCTS. The principal materials used in this industry are Portland or other cement, sand, gravel, and crushed rock; but since cement is the material which binds the others together, the artificial stone is often referred to as "cement." " Concrete" is another term used to describe the product. MTiile cement building blocks form the chief product of this industry, many articles which were formerly made of stone, brick, wood, or iron are now made of cement. A few of the many uses to which it is put are the manufacture of burial vaults, water tanks, sewer pipes and draintile, monu- ments and headstones, laundry tubs, ash and garljage cans, vases and garden furni- ture, posts, chimneys, floor tiles, columns, arches, balusters, and capitals, window and door sills and lintels, caps, porch spindles, and copings, moldings, shingles, mangers and troughs, tables, covers for sewers and catch basins, battery wells, and receptacles for railwaj; signal batteries. Concerns engaged chiefly in constructing concrete buildings, bridges, walks, foundations, cellar walls, curbing, steps, piers, etc., were not canvassed by the census, which does not cover the building industries generally. Some establishments, however, were engaged in building work and also in making portable articles of the kinds named, and the statistics here presented co"\'er a certain amount of such construction work. In addition to the principal materials already named, other materials, such aa cinders, marble scrap, plaster of Paris, marble dust, clay, coal ashes, slag, lime, iron rods, and asbestos, are used in some cases. STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS. 203 Table 223 presents the more important data for this industry for 1914, 1909, and 1904. Prior to 1904 the statistics for "artificial stone'' were included in those for the marble and stone work industry. Cement blocks and concrete work were made only to a limited extent, however, even in 1899, and the artificial stone industry in its present form is of recent development. In addition to the products covered by the table, artificial stone products to the value of $199,789 in 1914 and of |279,023 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally wall plaster; marble and stone work; brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products; and planing-mill products. MARBLE AND STONE IITDUSTBIES. Separate statistics have been compiled for establishments making chiefly monu- ments arnd tombstones and for those reporting other products, but there is so much overlapping of products that only combined totals are shown in Table 223, which gives the statistics for the censuses from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, and by states for 1914. Although data for the two branches of the industry can not be compiled with that degree of accuracy attending the figures for other industries, separate totals are significant and therefore are given in Tables 124 and 125. Marble and stone work. — This industry covers, broadly speaking, (1) the sawing, cutting, dressing, and polishing of marble, granite, limestone, bluestone, soapstone, firestone, brownstone, and other stones for building work and other purposes, whether done at quarries (in which case statistics of the quarrying operations are included) or in separate establishments. The products include building stone, door and window sills and lintels, floors and ceilings, stepstones, posts, bondstones, copings, columns, sidewalk stones, paving blocks and curbing, floor tiles, steps, flagging, panels, tables, tubs, sinks, altars, marble counters, slabs, basins, soda-water fountains, fireplace work, shelves, stairs, mantels, standards, mosaic and terrazzo work, and store and office fixtures; (2) roofing slate, and (3) a great variety of articles made from slate, such as electrical switchboards, panels, and fixtures, wainscoting, counter tops, billiard and pool table beds, sinks and sink tops, mantels, school slates, slate black- boards, laundry tubs, washboards, screens, bulletin boards, flagging, curbing, struc- tural slate, interior finish, mill stock, and inlaid and enameled slate. Table 123 gives separate figures for the three divisions of the industry. In many cases stone- cutting is done in immediate connection with building construction, which is not covered by the census of manufactures. The following table presents the statistics for this industry for each census year from 1859 to 1914. Prior to 1904 the statistics include the production of artificial stone. Table 124 CENSUS YEAK MAKBLE AND STONE WORK. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products Value added by man- ufac- ture. Expressed in thousands. 1914., 1909., 1904., 18991, 1889. 18792 1869. 1859. 1,536 1,986 1,169 1,687 1,411 2,893 923 1,806 40,596 SI, 292 38, 486 31,072 23,470 22, 196 13, 190 15,379 168,630 158,924 86, 176 71,570 18, 175 e) 5,637 $87,703 $27,102 $21,469 $66,078 87,335 32,306 22,248 74,688 63,353 23,686 17, 813 69, 155 40,339 16,607 13,656 43,344 25,897 16,268 17,487 45,052 17,249 10,552 13,220 32,446 11,288 7,601 8,036 21,317 8,865 6,672 6,346 16,244 $44,609 62,440 41, 342 29,688 27, 565 19, 226 13,282 10,898 1 Includes "artificial stone.' 2 Includes "monuments and tombstones." ' Figures not available. Monuments and tombstones. — This classification includes establishments engaged primarily in the cutting, polishing, and finishing, for the wholesale trade, of all kinds of stone, but chiefly of slate, marble, and granite, for cemetery purposes. The princi- pal products are monuments, tombstones, tablets, headstones, footstones, coping, crosses, cornerstones, posts, markers, vaults, bases, mausoleums, sarcophagi, shafts, and inclosures for cemetery lots. The census does not now cover the numerous small yards where finished or partly finished monuments and tombstones are pur- chased and where the only work is lettering or finishing, done to the individual order. Such establishments, however, are included in the figures prior to 1899, which accounts for the decrease in number of establishments and value of products from 1889 to 1899. 204 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES : 1&14. The following table gives the statistics for this branch of the industry, beginning with 1869, when the figures were first shown separately. In 1879 the industry was included in "marble and stone work," and the statistics for that year are included in those given in Table 124. TaWe 125 MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES. CENSUS YEAR. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost Of materials. Value of products. Value' added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 3,365 2,978 1,439 1,265 2,052 1,049 14,385 14,311 12,624 10,614 9,778 5,719 38, 831 28,762 16,711 11,549 3,589 988 $30, 720 27,507 15,817 12, 643 13,073 4,942 $10,858 10, 241 8,213 6,236 6,028 2,490 $16, 333 15,149 8,756 7,890 7,636 3,710 $40,977 38,405 25,689 20,323 20,671 8,917 $24,644 23,256 16,933 12,433 13,035 5,207 1909 1904 1899 1889 1869 From 1879 to 1899, inclusive, the data for the manufacture of lime included cement and wall plaster under the designation "lime and cement." The figures have some value for purposes of comparison, and Table 126 combines statistics for lime, cement, and wall plaster for the censuses from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. Taljlo 126 CENSUS YEAR. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889, 1879 1869, 1859 1849 LIME, CEMENT, AND "WALL PLASTER. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 925 1,186 831 998 873 615 1,367 1,036 936 Wage earners (average num- ber). 45, 734 45,463 32,388 19,085 13,043 5,669 9,595 4,659 3,626 Primary horse- power. 566, 162 425,362 187, 856 93,540 18, 6M) (') 8,876 0) (>) Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture; Expressed in thousands. $307, 120 236, 803 121,559 48, 787 18, 752 6,332 9,207 3,798 1,926 $27,685. $67,538 $136,691 23,691 42,082 93,961 15, 302 22,378 64,788 7,741 11,040 28,674 4,944 5,668 15, 742 1,579 2,649 5,772 3,102 6,662 13,643 1,316 2,546 5,676 954 1,584 3,224 $69,153 51,879 32,410 17,634 10,074 3,123 6,981 3,130 1,640 ' Figures not available. General statistics for the production of ' ' lime ' ' are given in Table "223 . The quar- rying of limestone and the burning of the stone into linie are usually done by the same establishments, and the data covers both branches of the industry. In addition to the products covered by Table 223, lime to the value of 1778,316 in 1914, and of $180,206 in 1909, was reported by establishments assigned to other classifi- cations, principally paving materials and cement. The value of products reported by the census probably includes some products other than lime. The reports of the Geological Survey show that the production of lime in 1914 amounted to 3,380,928 tons (2,000 pounds), valued at $13,247,676. Of the total, production, 1,163,433 tons were used for building or structural purposes; 689,948 tons for fertilizing; and the remainder in various manufacturing establishments, siich as paper mills, tanneries, sugar factories, chemical works, etc. CEMENT. This industry consists in the manufacture of hydraulic cement, chiefly Portland cement, from rock usually quarried by the same establishments. It also includes the manufacture of natural and puzzolan cements. In comparative Table 223 no figures are presented for the censuses of 1879, 1889, and 1899, as in the published reports for these years the data for the manufacture of cement were included with those for the manufacture of lime. The quantity and value of products for the cement industry for 1914, 1909, and 1904 , are given in the following table: STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS. 205 TaWe 127 PRODUCT. 1914 1909 1904 Total value 5101.830,480 $63,274,715 Cement industry 101,7.'iC,444 94,036 63,205.455 69,2C0 $29, 873, 122 Barrels 87,257,552 SS0,533,203 86,437,956 $80,118,475 751,285 8351,370 68,311 S63,358 $21,317,277 66,689,715 $53,610,563 64,991,431 $52,858,354 1,537,638 $652,756 160,646 $99,453 $9,664,152 31,675,257 Value Portland- Barrels 26,505,881 $23,355,119 4,866,331 $2,450,150 303,045 Value Natural- Value Puzzolan— Value All other products, value $3,841,202 ' FigxHes not available. Comparatively little natural cement was made in 1914 and a still smaller quantity of puzzolan cement. The former is an argillaceous limestone calcined and ground ; the latter a ground mixture of blast-furnace slag and slaked lime. The hydraulic cement called Portland cement is a calcined and ground mixture of limestone, chalk or marie, and clay or shale. At the censuses of 1909 and 1904 the statistics of the production of cement were collected in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, which compiles annual statistics for the industry. The figures for the quantities and values of the different kinds of cements for 1914 were taken from the reports of the survey. The value of the cement is the value in bulk, exclusive of the value of the barrels and bags used as containers. The value of the containers used and the subsidiary or by-products, such as crushed rock, marble dust, and mixed ashes and cement, not reported by the survey, are included in the total for "all other products." WALL PLASTER. This classification covers the manufacture for sale of a great variety of wall plasters or similar preparations, such as hard wall plaster, whitewash, plaster wainscoting, fiber plaster, stucco, calcined plaster, hydrated lime, plaster board, terra alba, marble dust, asphalt mastic, plaster of Paris, and ornamental plasterwork for interior decora- tion. This industry was reported at the census of 1869 as "plaster, ground," at the census of 1859 as " plaster, and manufactures of, ' ' and at the census of 1849 as ' ' plaster, gypsum." At the censuses of 1879, 1889, and 1899 it was included in "lime and cement," and at the census of 1904 it was reported separately under the classification of "gypsum wall plaster." So many materials besides gypsum rock are used, how- ever, that the designation was changed in 1909 to "wall plaster." Some of the more important of these materials reported in 1914 were sand, lime, cement, plaster of Paris, wood fiber, stucco, hair, felt paper retarder, asbestos, cinders, coal ashes, asphalt, clay, and slag. Table 223 summarizes the statistics for the industry as reported for the censuses from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, except those of 1899, 1889, and 1879, when they were included in "lime and cement." The figures cover the entire quarrying and manufacturing operations of certain establishments which quarried gypsum and made wall plaster from it. Wall plaster to the value of $59,556 in 1914 and of $175,094 in 1909 was also made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of cement. The annual report of the United States Geolorical Survey shows thai the production for 1914 of calcined gypsum sold as plaster of Paris, wall plaster, Keene's cement, etc., amounted to 1,565,937 tons of 2,000 pounds valued at $6,038,777 as compared with 1,438,706 tons valued at $5,070,334 in 1909. EMERY AND OTHER ABRASIVE WHEELS. This classification embraces the manufacture of grinding wheels of emery, conm- dum, adamite, and alundum, and also of polishing and buffing wheels, belts, and disks of cloth or leather. Some of the establishments also reported as subsidiary products oilstones, hones, and emery bricks. The classification was "emery wheels" from the census of 1869 to that of 1904, inclusive; it was changed to "emery and other abrasive wheels " at the census of 1909. General statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. Emery and other abrasive wheels to the value of $121,172 in 1914 and of $6,003 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally foun- dries and machine shops and rubber belting and hose. 206 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. The establishments engaged in the manufacture of sandpaper and emery paper and cloth use practically the same kind of materials as those in this industry. These establishments, however, are classified as a separate industry and included in the group of "miscellaneous industries." (See Table 156.) GBiirssToirss. Table 223 presents the statistics for this industry as shown in the reports of the censuses of manufactures from 1849 to 1914. The statistics for the different censuijes are by no means closely comparable, as there is no sharp line of demarcation between the manufacturing and the quarrying biisiness. In addition to the product covered by the table, grindstones to the value of $377,547 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications — ^principally marble and stone work, hardware, and saws. The annual report of the United States Geological Siu-vey shows that the grindstones and pulp stones produced during 1914 were valued at $689,344. MILLSTONES. Only two establishments appear under this classification, but this statement fur- nishes no accurate measure of the extent of the industry, which is conducted largely at the places where the material is quarried. The statistics therefore appear in the annual report of the United States Geological Survey. The establishments are there reported as having quarried, or quarried and dressed, millstones to the value of $43,316. These establishments were situated in New York, Virgiriia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Alabama. Millstones are used extensively for grinding cement, talc, quartz, and mineral paints, as well as for grinding grain. (See Table 156, "All other industries . " ) HONES AND WHETSTONES. This industry includes the manufacture of razor hones, whetstones, oilstones, scythe- stones, lawn-mower sharpeners, rubbing stones for hardware finish, rubbing brick, and shoemakers' sandstones. General statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the censuses from 1859 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, hones and whetstones worth $67,460 were reported in 1914 by establishments making emery and other abrasive Wheels. There were several classifications in 1859 which are combined in Table 223 for com- parison . These classifications were ' ' oilstones, " " scythe rifles, " " scythestones, ' ' and "whetstones." Hones and whetstones are also made by certain quarries, no part of whose business is co'v'ered by the table. The annual report of the United States Geological Survey shows that the oilstones and scvthestones produced during 1914 were valued at $167,948. BRICK, TILE, POTTEEY, AND OTHEK CLAY PRODUCTS. The general statistics for estal)lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of "brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products," of "pottery," and of "sand-lime brick" are shown separately in Table 223 for 1914, by states. In order to obtain figures comparable with those of the Geological Survey the classification was changed from that used in 1909 and prior censuses. Table 128 shows the totals for the manufacture of brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products for each census from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. Table X28 CENSUS YEAR. BEICK, TILE, POTTEEY, AND OTHEK CLAY PRODUCTS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added bymanu- tacture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 1909 1904 1H(|9 1SK9 IW. 1859 3,634 .5,037 5,507 6,423 6,535 6,383 3,959 2,240 2,121 127, 444 132,696 118, 449 105,693 123,156 76, 576 iJO, 167 24,. 569 19,801 470, Z58 451,186 360,280 252, 502 131,821 ('5 12,708 <■ Figures not available. STONE, CLAV, AND GLASS PRODUCTS. 207 The following table shows the quantity and value of the different products reported for the entire industry at each census from 1899 to 1909, inclusive. It also gives the quantities and values as compiled by the United States Geological Survey for 1914. The census reports for the same establishments that furnished statistics to the survey contain the value of subsidiary products and the cost of containers that are not included in the reports to the survey. The value of such products are included in this table as "all other products." Therefore, the total value of products does not agree with the total published by the survey. Further, the survey reports the products sold during the year, while the census covers the production, some of which may not have been sold. Table 129 BRICK, TILE, POTTERY, AND OTHER CLAY PRODUCTS. 1914 1909 1899 Total value. Briclc and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products industry Eotterjr industry Sand-lime brick industry Subsidiary products trom other industries. . . Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products, value Brick, value Common — Thousand Value Fire- Thousand Value Vitrified, paving, etc.— Thousand Value. Front, including fancy colored- Thousand Value Fancy or ornamental Sand lime- Thousand Value Enameled Draintile Sewer pipe Architecturbi terra-cotta Fireprooflng, terrarcotta lumber, and hollow building tile, or blocks Tile, not drain Stove lining Other brick and tile Pottery, value White ware, including C. C. ware, white granite, semiporcelain ware, and semi- vitreous porcelain ware Sanitary ware Stoneware and yellow and Rockingham ware Porcelain electrical supplies china, bone china, delft and belleek ware Red earthenware Other pottery All other products, value. 1179,964,016 «169, 532, 756 $135,652,306 135,921,445 36,942,606 994,199 6,105,766 168,895,365 637,391 135,352,854 299,452 »130,641,360 $136,387,846 $109,003,306 $84,239,587 7,145,809 $43,763,654 816, 784 $16,427,647 931,324 $12,500,866 810,395 $9,289,623 $124,459 172, 629 $1,058,512 $1,075,028 $8,522,039 $14; 014, 767 $6,087,662 $8,385,337 $5,705,683 $520,585 $3,165,810 $35,398,161 497,137,844 9,787,671 $67,216,789 83S, 167 $16,620,695 1,023,054 $11,269,586 816,164 $9, 712, 219 $174,073 (') $1,150,580 $993, 902 $9, 798, 978 $10, 322, 324 $6,251,625 $4,466,708 $6,291,963 $423,683 $2,694,821 $31,048,341 $78,728,083 8,683,897 $61,239,871 678,362 $11,752,626 715,559 $7,266,088 626,142 $7,336,511 $69i 698,003 $445,985 $5,522,198 $8,416,009 $3, 792, 763 $4,317,312 $2, 725, 717 $5,501,224 $25,834,613 $14,968,079 $7, 874, 269 $3,349,301 $4,130,270 $2,384,686 $1,059,904 $1,631,652 $13, 924, 493 $13,728,316 $5,989,295 $3,993,859 $3,047,499 $1, 766, 766 $804,806 $1,717,800 $2,096,569 $9,196,703 $3,932,606 $3,481,521 $1,600,283 $3,478,627 $821, 695 $3,424,178 $814, 487 $95,633,802 $76,551,646 $58,640,228 7,654,528 $39,674,749 800,862 $8,636,502 590, 720 $4,828,456 461, 420 $5, 170, 492 $329,969 $3,662,184 $4, 560, 334 $2,027,632 $1,665,031 $1,276,300 $416, 235 $4,303,801 $17,222,040 $6, .376, 351 $2,211,877 $2,130,263 $470,355 $1,297,978 $762, 260 $3,972,956 $1,760,177 1 Figures not available. Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products. — This classification includes establishments manufacturing (1) brick of various kinds, common, glazed, enameled, vitrified, paving, fancy, ornamental, etc., except sand-Unie brick; (2) sewer pipe, draintile, silo blocks, sewer blocks, encaustic tile, conduits; (3) fire brick, stove linings, flue linings, furnace blocks, fire-clay retorts, locomotive arch blocks, and similar products; (4) all kinds of tiles, other than draintile, such as roofing, floor, mosaic ceramics, faience and wall tile for structiu-al work; (5) terra-cotta, architec- tural and fireproofii^, hollow -building tile or block, and (6) all other terra-cotta or fire-clay products, ' This grouping was adopted 'for 1914 in order to obtain figures comparaWe with those compiled by the Geological Survey. Separate totals for each of the six groups are given in Table 123. As no such segregation was made prior to 1914, comparative figures can not be given. Table 223 gives general statistics for the industry for 1914 by states. 208 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. Building brick to the value of $1,159,487 was reported as subsidiary products of the other five groups, and to the value of $54,643 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally paving materials. Sewer pipe and draintile to the value of $1,544,596 were made by the other groups, and establishments in other branches of industry reported $66,886 worth of such tile as a subsidiary product. Fire brick and stove lining were reported by the establishments in the other groups to the value of $1,306,132 and to the value of $40,755 by establishments in other industries, mainly wall plaster. Tiles, other than draintile, to the value of $37,917 were made by the establishments in the other groups, and to the value of $65,046 by establishments engaged principally in cutting, staining, and ornamenting glass. Architectural and fireproofing terra-cotta to the value of $1,478,238 were reported by establishments in the other groups and to the value of $20,574 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. Sand-lime brick. — This classification covers those establishments that manufac- ture brick from a combination of sand and lime. It was first shown as a separate industry in 1914, having been included with brick and tile prior to this census. Table 223 gives general statistics for the industry, and by states for 1914. In addition to the products reported for the classified industry, sand-lime brick to the value of $82,306 was reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally marble and stone work other than slate. Pottery. — This classification covers establishments which manufacture stoneware, earthenware, white and cream-colored ware, chiaaware, delft and belleek ware, porcelain electrical supplies, insulators and potters' supplies, dinner ware, crockery, flowerpots, jardinieres, cooking ware, jars, jugs, pots, bowls, baking dishes, art ware, vases, yellow ware, door knobs, etc. Separate totals are given in Table 123 for establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of (1) chinaware, (2) earthen and stone ware, and (3) all other pottery. The general statistics for the industry for 1914 are given in Table 223. In addition to the products reported for the classified industry, earthen and stone ware to the value of $221,407 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, princi- pally plumbers ' supplies, fire brick and stove lining, and paints, while all other pottery to the value of $25,000 was reported by establishments making chinaware, and to the value of $2,779 by establishments assigned to other classifications. , Table 129 enumerates the different kinds of pottery produced and gives the value or each from 1899 to 1914, inclusive. CHINA DECORATING, NOT INCLUDING THAT DONE IN POTTERIES. This classification includes establishments engaged in firing or decorating china and earthen ware. The china pieces themselves are usually owned by others and the value of products represents the charges for work done. The decorations may be painted by hand or added by the use of decalcomania. The numerous small establish- ments where such work is done to individual order or for private customers are not included in Table 223, giving comparative figures, except for the census of 1889. Many establishments in the pottery industry decorate the china they produce, so that the statistics given in the tables by no means represent the entire business. The census of 1889 was the first at which separate statistics appeared for the industry, except that two establishments, with products valued at $185,000, were classed under "china and glass decorating" at the census of 1859. In addition to the products covered by Table 223, china decorating to the value of $16,400 was reported by establishments assigned to other classifications. CKirCIBLES. In the manufacture of crucibles, most of which are made to withstand a very high temperature, fire clay, German clay, fire sand, kaolin, and plumbago are the principal materials. Comparative statistics for the censuses from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, crucibles to the value of $684,285 in 1914, and of $751,007 in 1909, were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally lead pencils. MINERALS AND EARTHS, GROUND. Under this classification are included those estabUshnaents which are engaged in the grinding or pulverizing of certain earths, rocks, or minerals. Some of the more important of these are emery ore, flint, chalk, cliffstone, talc, ocher, clay, mica, pumice, feldspar, rottenstone, ferromanganese, slate, slag, needle antimony, mangar nese, barytes, borax, fuller's earth, Paris white and whiting, kaolin, soapstone, lime- stone, sandstone, keystone, Cornwall stone, silica, flux, shale, schist, marble, and STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PEODTJCTS. 209 alundum. Where the material is prepared for the market at the quarry the operations of quarries are included. The industry was first reported at the census of 1869, and statistics from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, minerals and earths ground to the value of $378,704 in 1914 and of $49,654 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally brick and tile^ terra-cotta and fire-clay products, lime, cement, dyestuffs and extracts, and paving materials. STATUARY AND ART GOODS. This classification covers the manufacture of a variety of products, such as statues, vases, urns, brackets, garden and lawn fximiture, flower boxes, fountains, plaques, mantels, columns, panels, moldings, pedestals, ornamental plaster work, architectural sculpture, _ small images, scagliola, church statuary, bronze statuary, and papier- mach6 articles. When bronze statues are cast in bronze foundries as a subordinate part of the business, their value is included in the value of products for the brass, bronze, and copper products industry. The cutting of marble and other stone statuesis a part of the industry. The materials used are as varied as the products. Besides the principal materials — clay, plaster of Paris, cement, marble, white lead, whiting, chalk, granite, and alabaster — a great number of binding, coloring, and finishing materials were reported. The term "art goods' ' is necessarily vague, and there are many prod- ucts of other industries to which it might be applied; but the art goods covered by this classification are more or less closely related to the art of sculpture. Prior to 1904 the statistics for statuary and art goods -Weie included under other classifications. Table 223 gives comparative figures for the three years, 1904, 1909, and 1914. In addition to the products covered by the table, statuary and art goods to the value of $108, 515 in 1914 and of $89,137 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally electric fixtures and monuments and tombstones. GLASS. The products of this industry are the various lands of building glass — window glass, rough and polished plate glass, cathedral glass, wire glass, and skylight glass — as well as all kinds of pressed and blown glass, such as tableware, lamps, lamp chimneys, globes, vases, bulbs, tubes, opal ware, bottles and jars, stoppers, glass bars and canes, marbles, nest eggs, and blanks for cutting. General statistics for the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. The following table gives comparative statistics for the glass industry in the United States for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. The quantity of pressed and blown glass shown in the table for 1914 does not include a number of specialties, such as stoppers, reflect- ors, marbles, thermos bottles, vases, etc., some of which were reported in pounds and some in number of pieces. There were also nearly 600 ,000 gross of bottles and jars that could not be assigned to any specific class; these are not included in the table. The values, however, are included in their proper class. Tatole 130 . 1914 1909 1899 Total value. Buil(Jiiig glass, value Window glass: Square feet Value '■ Obscured glass, including cathedial and sky- light- Square feet Value Plate glass- Total cast, square feet Polished- Square feet Value Rough (made to be sold as such) — Square feet Value Wire glass — Polished- Square feet Value Rough (made to be sold as such)— Square Jeet Value All other building glass, value S123,085,019 1 $92,095,203 1J79,607,998 $56,539,712 $36,824,069 $26,308,438 $21,697,861 $17,096,284 400,998,893 $17,495,956 43,040,079 $2,417,253 75,770,261 60,383,516 $14,773,787 131,492 $26, 859 1, 707, 848 $534,322 13,980,996 $1, 056, 612 $520,280 346,080,550 $11, 742, 959 22,815,946 $1,358,574 60,105,694 47,370,254 $12,204,875 205, 690 $37, 431 $964,599 fivnai ° — 1 7- -14. See footnotes on p. 210. 242,615,750 $11,610,851 21, 870, 634 $972,014 34,804,986 27,293,138 $7,978,253 17,784 $3,529 $1,133,214 217,064,100 $10,879,355 12,526,055 $732,338 21, 172, 129 16,883,678 $5,158,698 628, 684 $75,887 h h $250,056 210 CENSUS OF MANUFAOTUBES : 1!>14. Tatole 130— Continued. PEODUCTS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 Pressed and blown glass, value Tableware, 100 pieces Jellies, tumblers, and goblets, dozen Lamps, dozen Chimneys, dozen Lantern globes, dozen Shades, globes, and other gas goods, dozen . , Blown tumblers, stem ware, and bar goods, dozen Opal ware, dozen Cut ware, dozen Decorated glassware, dozen Bottles and jars, value Prescriptions, vials, and druggists' wares, gross Beer, soda, and mineral, gross Liquors and flasks, gross Milk jars, gross Fruit jars, gross Battery jars and other electrical goods, gross Patent and proprietary, gross Packers and preservers, gross Demijohns and carboys, dozen Another products, value 130,279,290 $27, 398, 445 $21, 956, 158 1,654,056 18,030,243 580, 196 6,989,624 1,363,562 2,016,800 11,377,310 4,636,051 297,967 1,168,077 $51,958,728 1,286,056 11,687,036 322,482 6,652,967 952, 620 1,541,449 9,182,060 3,095,666 206,336 m $36,018,333 1,283,974 7,346,214 487,017 7,039,766 1,766,247 878,244 6,282,606 1,091,208 83,736 (») $33,631,063 4, 893, 416 4,573,610 2,689,022 1,188,891 1,198,952 79,211 1,384,689 3,271,174 160, 796 $4,022,932 3,624,022 2,346,204 1,887,344 440, 302 1,124,485 9,981 1,637,798 1,237,175 122, 570 $2,369,987 3,202,686 2,361,862 2,167,801 263,651 1,061,829 19,974 1,667,372 1,237,1)66 64, 450 $2,322,916 $17,076,125 665,141 8,644,060 807,765 6,901,192 1,044,816 2,673,864 6,127,367 3,750,443 134,726 $21,676,791 2,423,932 1,361,118 986,374 146,142 789,298 (') 1,296,131 784,588 $690,562 1 In addition, 42,639 gross of bottles and jars, valued at $90,490 in 1909 and glassware to the value of $9,61 in 1904, were reported by establishments engaged primarily in other lines of manufacture. 2 Not reported separately. GLASS, CUTTING, STAINING, AND ORNAMENTING. This classification covers establishments engaged in cutting, beveling, staining, ornamenting, and engraving glass. The most important products are cut-glass table- ware, decanters, buttons, imitation precious stones, artificial eyes, graduated measures, leaded glass, stained and leaded art-glass windows, partitions, screens and panels, shades and domes, ceilings, vials, pictures, vases, memorial tablets, fringes, innalers, labels, signs, vacuum jars, electrodes and X-ray tubes, mosaic work, glass surgical iiLstruments, chemical apparatus, syringes, test tubes, medicine droppers, beads, prismatic glass, jewelry boxes, magnifying glasses, spirit-level vials, silver decorated glass, and spun glass. Establishments which make a specialty of bending glass are also included in this classification. Establishments engaged chiefly in making lenses and other optical and photographic apparatus are not included under this classifica^ tion, but are classified under ' ' optical goods, " " photographic apparatus, ' ' and ' 'pho- tographic materials." At the census of 1849 eight "glass cutters" were reported, having 1'74 wage earners and showing $60,300 paid in wages, $71,133 expended for materials, and $165,950 as the value of products. There was no separate classification for the industry for 1859. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, glass, cutting, staining, and ornar menting to the value of $810,042 in 1914 and of $618,437 in 1909 was reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally mirrors, where beveling is done to quite an extent. MIRRORS, FRAMED AND T7NFRAMED. Establishments engaged in the production of mirrors — pier glasses, mantel mirrors, and mirrors for hall racks and for show cases, etc. , are placed under this classification. Receipts for the resilvering of mirrors form a part of the value of products. The star tistics for the censuses of 1869 and 1879 are probably not close^ comparable with those for later censuses. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, mirrors valued at $522,831 in 1914 and at $730,619 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in other industries, principally "glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting." METALS AND METAL PBODUOTS OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL. 211 METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL. THE GROUP AS A WHOLE. This ^oup covers industries of the same general type as those included in the group "iron and steel and their products, " the difference being that the basic mate- rials are other metals. Aa in the case of the iron and steel group, there is no sharp line of distinction between certain industries assigned to this group and those assigned to other groups, particularly |the group "miscellaneous industries. " The principal basic metaljg of the industries in this group are copper, lead, zinc, tin, gold, and silver. Some of the industries included in the group extract these metals from ores, or refine them or alloy them, while other industries use the metala in the manufacture of more highly elaborated commodities. It should be noted that these same basic metals are used to a very large extent in industries assigned to other groups. Thus, in the various kinds of machinery the manufacture of which is in- cluded in the iron and steel group, other metals are frequently used. As the metals and alloys produced by the basic industries of this general group are used as materials by other industries in the group, there is much duplication in the total value of products for the group aa a whole. It may be noted that the basic industries which extract the metals from ores or refine and. alloy them usually add relatively little to the value of the raw material which they use, while the industries which use these metals and alloys as materials are of a more highly elaborated char- acter and add very considerably to the value of the materials. The following table shows the number of establishments, average number of wage earners, capital, total wages paid, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture for each of the industries included in the general group, as reported for the census of 1914. In this table the industries are divided into (1) those producing metals and alloys, (2) those using metals and alloys in the manufacture of articles ready for consumption, and (3) those performing certain partial processes of manufacture. Table 131 METAL3 AND METAL PB0DUCT3 OTHEB THAN IBON AND STEEL: 1M4. nrocsTEY. Num- ber of estalj- iish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total 10,023 262,154 81,013,632 $166,893 $1,023,354 $1,417,042 $393, 688 Metals 1,378 79,700 606,968 67,460 766, 892 926,439 159,547 Babbitt metal and solder 109 49 12 13 35 992 904 41 47 78 27 37 26 11 22 12 10 29 22 7 84 8,118 1,036 333 282 51 369 40,306 33,208 6,047 2,051 456 585 17,731 10,570 7,161 7,386 5,241 2,144 9,617 7,206 2,411 2,585 178,290 8,919 2,696 2,565 680 2,978 116,093 96,828 14,966 5,299 4,407 5,036 171,420 92,733 78,687 143,249 62,747 90,502 36,388 33,627 2,761 21,456 499, 106 701 217 195 32 257 25,084 20,676 2,944 1,464 391 407 16, 149 11,015 5,134 6,134 4,588 1,546 6,700 6,468 232 1,884 106,808 15,662 2,810 4,899 . 467 7,476 115,487 86,131 25,317 6,039 25,709 6,048 379,167 112,469 266,688 154,015 61, 136 102, 880 39,673 31,657 8,016 31,261 248,833 19,180 3,996 6,816 656 8,712 162,199 123,580 30,723 7,896 28,588 7,431 444,022 161,037 282,985 171,679 63,695 107,884 53, 538 39,711 13,827 39,902 477, 350 3,628 1,186 917 White metal 189 Solder 1,236 Brass, bronze, and copper prod- 46,712 38,449 Copper 5,406 All other 2,867 Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Smelling and refining, copper... 2,879 1,383 64,865 48,668 Smelting and refining i Smelting and reflnmg , lead Smelting only 16,297 17,564 12,560 Smelting and refining « Smelting and refining, zinc Pigs,bars,plates,andsheets. Allother 5,004 13,965 8,164 6,811 Smelting and refilling, not from 8,651 228,617 37 12 4,614 446 11,088 1,040 2,611 244 14,421 438 19,597 970 5,176 Bells 632 212 CENSUS OF MANTTFACTtTEES : l&U. Tatole 131— Continued. METALS ANB METAL PRODUCTS OTHEB THAN lEON AND STEEL: 1914. ZNBTJSTBT. Num- ber Of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Metal products— Continued. 48 15 10 5 25 15 10 31 4,527 294 270 231 34 5 460 138 263 59 151 34 7 95 15 49 79 1,914 12 108 72 10 19 43 14 527 6,764 12,390 6,636 5,764 670 230 440 3,514 28,714 22,584 28,731 19,242 9,184 305 10,913 4,146 5,363 1,404 7,134 2,272. 66 4,504 293 5,339 1,135 28,289 246 7,070 8,717 1,712 1,816 5,189 1,031 4,164 $13,564 36,389 15,948 20,441 1,296 372 924 11,220 57,396 118,218 68,979 46,720 21,617 1,642 27,629 13,322 11,635 2,772 16,671 3,431 102 11,720 418 9,424 1,174 72,404 408 27,942 22,215 6,751 3,982 12,482 3,349 7,268 $3,653 7,524 3,892 3,632 380 118 262 1,938 20,518 12,217 16,243 10,148 4,910 185 6,604 1,977 3,742 785 4,173 1,432 40 2,606 195 2,507 498 18,302 174 4,796 5,000 957 1,196 2,847 527 2,635 $4,008 2,669 1,678 1,091 343 55 288 4,002 50,174 53,841 32,472 24,123 8,067 282 14,090 6,922 6,833 1,335 8,012 2,893 99 4,705 315 3,242 1,452 39,116 302 8,275 8,304 1,568 1,160 5,576 3,672 7,629 $11,032 14,275 7,972 6,303 1,015 264 751 7,831 94,891 81,931 65,121 45,837 18,706 578 28; 740 10,178 15,468 3,094 16,638 5,812 216 9,832 778 7,891 2,432 81,006 642 19,786 18,484 3,470 3,273 11,741 6,068 13,253 $7,024 11, 606 Watches 6.394 5,212 Watcli and clock materials Watch materials 672 209 463 Watch cases 3,829 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work Tinware, not elsewhere specified Stamped and enameled ware, not elsewhere specified 44,717 28,090 32,649 21,714 10,639 Bathtubs, lavatories, and 296 Gas and electric fixtures 14,660 4,266 Electric fixtures 8,635 All other 1,759 8,626 2,919 Carriage and wagon lamps. - All other lamps 117 6,127 463 Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes 4,649 Gold and silver, leaf and foil — 980 41,890 340 Silversmithing and silverware. . Plated ware 11,611 10,180 Knives, forks, and spoons. . . 1,902 2,113 All other 6,165 Tin foil 1,399 5,624 479 48 2,584 1,580 2,842 4,416 1,713 922 1,336 6,293 4,773 8,480 3,437 2,187 ■ I Includes 1 establishment 2 Includes 2 establishments exclusively in refining. ' exclusively in refining. BABBITT METAL AND SOLDER. The establisliments included under this claesifi cation manufacture nonferrous metals and alloys, jjrincipally from pig lead, antimony, copper, zinc, and tin, used for antifriction bearings and for joining metals. Table 131 shows separate statistics for establishments whose product of chief value is (1) babbitt metal, (2) white metal, (3) type metal, and (4) solder, including hard, soft, white, spelter, gold, silver, plumbers', pewterers', and button solder. There is considerable overlapping between these subdivisions of the industry, as babbitt metal to the value of $2,630,432 was reported by establishments assigned to the other groups, and to the value of $1,592,128 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally those included in the classification "smelting and refining, not from the ore," and those making brass and bronze products, and bar, pipe, and sheet lead. White metal to the value of $66,457 was reported by establishments making babbitt metal and solder, and to the value of $77,574 by establishments classified as '"smelting and refining, not from the ore." Type metal to the value of $532,746 was reported by the other subdivisions, and to the value of $383,889 by establishments assigned to the classification "smelting and refining, not from the ore," and those making pipe, bar, and sheet lead. Solder to the value of $517,704 was reported by establishments whose chief product was babbitt, white, or type metal, and to the value of $1,484,798 by establishments METALS AND METAL PEODUCTS OTHER THAN lEON AND STEEL. 213 clafisified as .''smelting and refining, not from the ore, " and those making pipe, bar, and sheet lead and brass products. Statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are eiven in Table 223. BRASS, BB.ONZE, AND COPPER PRODUCTS. This classiScation includes the manufacture of brass and bronze (alloys consisting chiefly or solely of copper and zinc and of copper and tin), and of copper ingots, bars, plates, sheets, rods, and tubing, and the foundry work and finishing of such metals; car and engine brasses; refinishmg brass work; oiling devices; safety steam appliances; brass spigots; hose coupling, etc.; stair plates; stair rods; fenders; screen plates; signs; letters; novelties; metal spinning, etc. The classification does not include the manu- facture of brass and copper wire by establishments chiefly engaged in drawing such wire from purchased rods, or by the wire departments of rolling mills. Separate statistics are given in Table 131 for "brass and bronze," "copper," and "all other. " The totals in this table represent the establishments classified according to product of chief value. The group "all other" includes establishments that manu- facture German silver, gun metal, aluminum castings, etc., as principal products. Table 223_ presents general statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. For 1909 these statistics were shown as one industry with five sub- classifications. For 1904, 1899, and 1889 five separate industries were presented, "brass and copper, rolled;" "brass casting and finishing;" "brass ware;" "bronze castings;" and "brass" which consists of brass from scrap metal. For 1879 the same industries were shown with the exception of brass from scrap metal, which was not reported separately. For 1869 "brass and copper, rolled" was divided into three industries — ^"brasa and copper tubing," "brass rolled," and "copper rolled." The designations employed for the group of brass industries at the census of 1859 were "brass and bell founding," "brass and copper tubing," "brass and German silver, rolled," "brass book clasps and badges," "brass founding and brass ware," "brass ornaments," "brass wire and wire cloth," "copper and brass ware," "copper mining," "copper, roUed," "copper, sheet and bolt," copper smelting," and "copper work." At the census of 1849 only "brass foundries" and "copper and brass" were shown. The following table presents statistics for the different brass, bronze, and copper products as reported for 1914. Similar statistics were not compiled for prior censuses. This table includes the statistics for brass and copper wire made in departments of steel works and rolling mills and by establishments engaged in drawing wire from purchased rods. Under "Other manufactured products " are included chiefly brass castings. Table 132 BRASS, BEONZE, AND COPPER PRODUCTS: 1914. PBODUCT. Total. Establish- ments assigned to this in- dustry. Establish- ments en- gaged pri- marily in other in- dustries. Distributed by kind of metal. Brass and bronze. Copper. Other. Total value $231, 262, 754 $162, 199, 019 $69,063,735 $131,503,724 $82,841,246 $16,917,784 Ingots and bars Plates and sheets ....... Eods 8,819,571 43,019,997 14,569,759 13,934,641 10,273,755 3, 660, 886 60, 069, 738 44,360,456 15,709,282 85,206,435 5, 642, 613 4, 791, 708 41,655,037 12, 189, 421 13,914,790 10,268,980 3, 645, 810 14,333,142 13,486,703 846, 439 69,819,397 5,495,524 4,027,863 1,364,960 2,380,338 19,851 4,775 15,076 45, 736, 596 30,873,753 14,862,843 15,387,038 147,089 7, 460, 396 26,928,193 8, 277, 388 10,131,975 6, 967, 813 3,164,162 5,851,670 5,851,670 1, 357, 804 13, 638, 770 6,220,067 3, 613, 370 3, 119, 458 493,912 62,940,097 1 37, 230, 815 15, 709, 282 5,071,138 1,371 3, 453, 034 72,304 Tubing 189,296 186, 484 2,812 Wire. 1,277,97) Plain 1, 277, 971 Other manufactured products 73,854,102 2 6,281,195 All other products s 5, 642, 613 1 Includes $13,966,315, estimated value of 23,458 tons manufactured and consumed in establishments engaged in the manufacture of electrical machinery. ' Includes aluminum castings to the value of $6,101,198. ' Includes amounts received for contract or custom work and value of some products made from metals other than brass, bronze, copper, German silver, or aluminum. GOLD AND SILVER, REDUCING AND REFINING, NOT FROM THE ORE. Establishments classed under this heading are generally such as reduce and refine manufacturing jewelers' gold and silver and platinum sweepings, clipping^, and v,„i,-„v.- 1-4.. J J -ii * — -J ~iJ -old and old silver from all sources. 214 CENSUS OF MASrUFACrUBES : 1&14. They are known aa "sweep smelters" and sometimes also as "assayers and refiners." A few of the establishments reported refined dor6 bars. The value of products re- ported in some instances included considerable amounts representing the value of gold and silver bought and sold again, but it was not practicable to separate the statistics for these purely commercial transactions. Statistics of smelting and refining from the principal ores in which gold and silver are found are included under "smelt- ing and refining, copper," and "smelting and refining, lead." The statistics for '^gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore," were first reported separately at the census of 1869 . The ^eat decrease in value of products from 1889 to 1899 was doubtless due to a difference in the statistical treatment of the industry at the two censuses. The value of products of some establishments extract- ing gold and silver from sweepings, etc., for others, has included the value of the precious metals extracted, while that of other establishments has included only the amount received for the work done. Thus an abnormal increase or decrease may be shown from one census to another. (See Table 223.) Products to the value of $184,173, similar to those covered by Table 223, were re- ported by establishments included under other classifications, principally those assigned to "smelting and refining, not from the ore." LEAD, BAR, PIPE, AND SHEET. The establishments in this classification manufacture lead pipe' and sheet lead. Bar and block lead, milled lead, and lead traps and bends were also reported. In 1879 the classification was "lead, bar, pipe, sheet, and shot," and, as the statistics for the production of shot can not be segregated, the figures as reported are included in Table 223. At the census of 1869 there were two classifications, "lead, bar and sheet," and ' ' lead pipe. ' ' At the census of 1859 the only reports were for "lead, manufactures of, ' ' and "lead, mining and smelting." The figures for these classifications are not com- parable with those for this industry for other censuses. At the census of 1849 "lead " and "lead pipe" were the classifications. Ten establishments reported the manu- facture of lead pipe, with 71 wage earners, to whom $26,004 were paid in wages. The cost of materials was $678,330, and the value of products $797,166. Statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The decrease in the value of products of this industry from 1869 to 1879 was due to the great reduction in the price of lead and to the fact that currency values were reported for the former census. In addition to the products covered by Table 223 "lead, bar, pipe, and sheet," to the value of $3,375,025 in 1914 and of $917,499 in 1909 was reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally those classified as "babbitt metal and solder," "paints," and "smelting and refining, not from the ore." SMELTIWG AND REFINING, COPPER. This classification includes the smelting and refining establishments owned by mining companies, and also those independent of mines, which usually smelt or refine copper ore for toll. The cost of materials and the value of products reported for estab- lishments which treat ore for others include the estimated value of the ore treated and of the metal produced. In the smelting and refining of copper and lead a large part of the value of products consists of the value of the gold and silver extracted. Table 133 presents, for 1914 and 1909 , separate statistics for the establishments engaged in copper smelting exclusively and for those reporting both smelting and refining. Tattle 133 SMELTING AND REFINING, COPPER. ESTABLISHMENTS ENGAGED IN— Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by man- ufacture. Expressed in thousands. Total, 1914 37 38 17,731 15,628 $171,420 111,443 S16,149 13,396 $379,167 333,532 $444,022 378,806 $64,865 45,274 1909 Smelting and refmiug: ' 1914 11 18 26 20 7,161 7,642 10,570 7,986 78,687 64,435 92, 733 47,008 6,134 6,843 11,015 7,553 266,638 231,518 112,469 102,014 282,985 251, 106 161,037 127,700 16,297 1909 19,588 Smelting only: 1914 48,668 25,686 1909 I Includes 1 establishment engaged exclusively in refluine. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL. 215 The value of the products of establishments engaged in both smelting and refining copper duplicates largely that of the establishments engaged only in smelting, the value of the blister copper as it comes from the smelter being included in the cost of materials for the refineries. The distinction between the mining and manufacturing industries was not clearly made prior to the census of 1899, and the statistics for smelt- ing and refining were included with those for mines in such a manner as to make it impossible to obtain satisfactory comparative figures. Statistics for the censuses from 1899 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, copijer to the value of $4,824,350 in 1914 was, reported by establishments engaged in smelting and refining lead. SMELTING AND BEFINING, LEAD. Separate statistics for 1914 and 1909 are given in the following table for the estab- lishments that both smelt the lead ores and refine the bullion and for those that smelt only. The value of products of establishments of the first class largely duplicate that of the establishments which smelt only. In addition to refined lead, lead smelters and refineries produced as subsidiary products chemicals, gold, silver, and copper: TaDle 134 SMELTING AND KEFINING, LEAD. ESTABUSHMENTS ENGAGED IN— Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Erpre ssed in thousands. Total, 1914 22 28 7,385 7,424 $143,249 132,310 *6,134 5,431 J164,015 161,963 $171,679 167,406 $17,664 1909 15,443 Smelting and refining: ' 1914 10 12 12 16 2,144 2,758 5,241 4,666 90,502 90,976 52,747 41,334 1,646 1,893 4,588 3,538 102,880 111,309 51,135 40,654 107,884 119,880 63,695 47,526 5,004 1909 8,671 Smelting only: 1914 13,560 1909 6,872 1 Includes 2 establishments in 1914 and 1 establishment in 1909, engaged exclusively in refining. For the reasons given in the discussion of the smelting and refining of copper, it is impossible to obtain satisfactory comparative statistics for the smelting and refining of lead for censuses prior to 1899, but Table 223 gives the statistics for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. The decrease from 1904 to 1909 is due almost entirely to the fact that separate reports were prepared for the copper and lead departments of an important copper and lead smelting and refining establishment in 1904, while the operations of the entire establishment were reported as smelting and refining copper at the census of 1909. In addition to the products covered by the table, lead to the value of $840,204 was reported in 1914 by establishments smelting and refining copper, zinc, and scrap metal. SMELTING AND REFINING, ZINC. Spelter and sheet zinc, which is a rolled product, are the principal products reported for estabUshments included under this classification. The only comparable figures are for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899, and are presented in Table 223. Separate statistics are presented in Table 131 for those establishments whose product of chief value was pigs, bars, plates, and sheets of zinc, and for those reporting other zmc products. In addition to the products covered by the table, zinc pigs, bars, plates, and sheets to the value of $83,568 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications. „ „ „„„ „„„ SMELTING AND REFINING, NOT FROM THE ORE. Establishments in this industry smelt and refine scrap metals of many kinds, not including gold and silver. The products include art metal; babbitt metal; solder; spelter; refined white metal; hnotype, monotype, electrotype, and stereotype metal; lead; brass, bronze, and copper ingots; antimony; nickel; aluminum; zinc; tm; and similar products. General statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1899 to 1914, inclusive are given in Table 223. In 1879 there were four establishments reported under "smelting and refining (base scrap metal, not from the ore)," with 311 wage 216 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTtTEES : 1914. earners, $158,300 paid in wages, $8,171,900 as cost of materials, and $8,411,100 as thfi value of products. At the census of 1889 there was a classification "smelting and refining, " but the statistics are not comparable with those for subsequent censuses. In addition to the products covered by the table, similar products to the value of $636,586 in 1914, and of $177,340 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "chemicals" and "foundry and machine-shop products." Establishments under this classification manufacture cooking utensils; kettles — candy, varnish, and steam jacketed; coffee percolators; salt and pepper shakers; drinking cups; scoops; biscuit cutters; frames; stamps; pads; rules; thermometers; screen caps; indexes; and other fabricated articles of pig aluminum. This industry was not shown separately prior to 1914, but was included with fancy articles, house- furnishing goods, and stamped and enameled ware in 1909. Aluminum castings are included in the brass, bronze, and copper industry. Table 223 gives statistics for 1914, by states. In addition to the products covered by the table, aluminum ware to the value of $461,132 was reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, principally lamps, fireless cookers, enameled ware, clocks, and foun- dry products. BELLS. The establishments included in this classification manufacture principally bronze bells and gongs and their fixtures, including church, tower, chime, clock, engine, automobile, cycle, call, hand, door, sleigh, and ship bells, and bell toys. The sta- tistics for the industry were first reported separately at the census of 1859, and com- parable figures are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, bells to the value of $309,708 in 1914 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally ' ' foundry and machine-shop products, " " plumbers ' supplies, not elsewhere specified, " "electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, "and "toys and games." The slight decrease from 1904 to 1909 is due to a change in the classification of some establishments which were included with this industry at the earlier censuses, but in 1909 made some other product — ^in one instance, toys and games — of greater value than bells. Differences in classification also account in part for the decrease from 1879 to 1889. CLOCKS AND WATCHES, INCLUDING CASES AND MATERIALS. This classification includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of clocks, watches, watchcases, and watch and clock materials. Clocks and watches are in a number of instances made in the same factory, and all four industries are so closely related that the combined totals are given in the following table. Separate statistics are given in Table 223, each establishment being assigned according to its product of chief value . The total value of products include some duplication . TaDle 135 CLOCKS AND WATCHES, INCLTTDINQ CASES AND MATERIALS. CENSUS TEAE. Num- terot estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average numter). Primaxy horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 119 120 97 109 127 82 142 23,328 23,857 22,579 17,155 14,312 9,368 4,171 15,647 14,957 10,731 7,251 4,346 (>) 1,168 862,469 57,500 42,189 31,514 21,266 8,328 4,552 $13,495 12,944 11,892 8,315 7,651 4,412 2,817 811,021 11,131 9,872 8,819 7,802 6,853 2,629 834,153 35,197 29,790 22,110 19,730 12,322 8,236 $23,132 1909 . . 24,066 19,918 13,291 1904 1899 1889 11,928 1879 6,469 1869 5,607 ' Figures not available. Clocks. — Complete clocks of all descriptions, with wooden or metal cases, and clock movements are the principal products of establishments under this heading. Tower clocks, self-winding, program, automobile, hall, electric, calendar, master and secondary clocks, timing apparatus, etc., were among the products reported. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL. 217 Statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, clocks to the value of $938,091 in 1914 were reported by estabUshnients assigned to other industries, princi- pally by manufacturers of watches. Watches. — Establishments manufacturing complete watches, watch parts, and watch movements are included in this industry Table 131 shows separate data for those establishments whose product of chief value is watches and for those whose product of chief value is watch movements. There was no classification ' ' watches ' ' in 1849, and as watch repairing was included in the returns for 1859, the figures for that year are not comparable with those for subsequent censuses, and are, therefore, omitted from Table 223, which gives comparable figures for the censuses from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, watches to the value of $1,161,354 in 1914 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally by manufacturers of clocks. Watch and clock materials. — This industry includes establishments manufacturing balance wheels, hairsprings, jewels, and other watch materials, clock springs, chimes, dials, cases, etc. Table 131 gives separate statistics for "watch materials" and for ' ' clock materials, ' ' each establishment being assigned according to the product of chief value. The first separate statistics appeared for 1869, when there were three classifica- tions, "clock cases," "clock materials," and "watch materials," statistics for which are combined in Table 223, which presents comparable data for the censuses from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. Watch cases. — Gold, gold-filled, platinum, silver, nickel, and brass watch cases, with some cases made of other metals, are the principal products of the establishments for which statistics are given for the censuses from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, in Table 223. COPPER, TIN, AND SHEET-IRON PRODUCTS. Table 223 shows separate figures for the three industries included in this group: Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work; tinware; and stamped and enameled ware. Some establishments in each branch manufacture products similar to those of the other branches, and therefore in the following table the statistics are combined: Table 136 COPPEB, TIN, AND SHEET-IKON PEODUCTS. CENSUS YEAR. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added ty manu- facture. Expressed in thoi isands. 1914 5,091 4,228 2,540 1,98S 7,125 7,723 6,710 3,658 • 2,280 80,029 73,615 53,036 38,317 39,395 30,057 26,461 11,818 7,393 75,263 62,366 30,229 28,829 11,054 iV $244,593 217,532 147,608 49,679 48,504 25,643 21,756 9,667 4,130 $47,978 39,501 26,269 16,924 19,062 12,258 9,878 4,316 2,363 $136,487 112,582 63,921 42,602 36,842 29,120 19,865 8,362 4,305 $241,943 199,824 119,933 78,359 78,376 64,503 42,367 18,000 8,933 $105,456 1909 87,242 1904 56,012 1899 36, 757 1889 . - 41,534 1879 25,383 1869 22,492 1859 9,638 1849 4,628 ' 1 Figures not available. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work.— This classification includes establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of cornices; gutters; spouts; smokestacks; stove and furnace pipes, elbows, and casings; ventilators; skylights; tanks; bins; corrugated- iron culverts; and coppersmithing and sheet-iron work. Table 223 gives general statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1904 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, copper, tin, and sheet-iron work to the value of $2,481,467 was reported by establishments engaged primarily m the manufacture of other products, principally refrigerators, stoves and hol^air furnaces, gas and oil stoves, structural iron, and tinware. . . , , ^ , ,• i j. ^ Tinware, not elsewhere specified.— This classification includes establishments mak- ing tin pails; buckets; cans; boxes; household and cooking utensils; and cabinet and other tinware. Table 223 gives statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1904 to 1914, inclusive. This table does not cover the manufacture of tin cans a,nd other containers by establishments engaged in canning and preserving. In addition 218 CENSUS OF MANUPACTUEES : 1914. to the products covered by the table, tinware to the value of $3,174,674 was re- ported by eatablisments assigned to other claasiflcations, principally " stamped and enameled ware," "copper, tin, and sheet-iron work," glass," and "stoves and ranges." The manufacture of tinware, except at the censuses of 1914, 1909, and 1904, was included under " tinsmithing, coppersmithing, and sheet-iron working," or under "tinware, copperware, and sheet-iron ware." Stamped and enameled ware, not elsewhere specified. — The establishments included in this classification znanufaeture primarily articles stamped out of sheet tin, copper, and zinc, including kitchen utensils, the most important class; combs, buckles, pins, initials, monograms, millinery ornaments, etc.; perforated screens for nulling and mining; baggage checks, bag frames, and railway-car seals. In many cases these articles are enameled, usually in the same establishment which stamps them. At the censuses of 1889 and 1879 establishments manufacturing stamped and enameled ware were classed under the headings "enameled goods," "fruit-jar trimmings," and "stamped ware." They were not reported separately at the censuses of 1869 and 1859, unless "enameling" embraced "enameled goods." At the censuses of 1904 and 1899 establishments reporting either the manufacture of enameled stamped ware or the enameling of materials for others were classified under "enameling and enameled goods. ' ' This accounts in part for the large increase shown for stamped and enameled ware for 1909, as compared with the two preceding censuses. At the census of 1909 the manufacture of enameled stamped ware was distinguished from the enameling of products by establishments other than the original manufacturers of the stamped ware, the latter business being classified separately as "enameling." Table 131 gives separate statistics for "stamped ware," "enameled ware," and "bath tubs, lavatories, and sinks," each establishment being classified according to the product of chief value. There is more or less overlapping between these groups, as stamped ware to the value of $679,291 was reported by estabUshmenta engaged in enameling, and enameled ware to the value of $677,480 was reported by manufacturers of stamped ware. In addition, stamped ware to the value of $355,649 was made by other establishments, principally those making plated ware, flavoring extracts, paper goods, and tinware. Enameled ware to the value of $70,833 was reported by foundries and turners and carvers of wood, and lavatories and sinks were reported by manufacturers of plumbers' supplies to the value of $173,955. GAS AND ELECTRIC FIXTURES AND LAMPS AND REFLECTORS. Separate figvu'es for the two industries included under this classification are given in Table 223, each establishment being assigned according to its product of chief value. As some of the establishments assigned to each of these classes manufacture articles similar to those of establishments assigned to the other class, the combined totals are given in the following table: TaDle 137 CENSUS TEAK. GAS AND ELECTRIC FIXTUBE3 AND LAMPS AWD KEFLECTOES. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 19H 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 18S9 1849 611 619 406 377 201 109 79 64 46 18,047 18, 861 12,670 11,238 7,080 4,799 3,027 2,007 1,179 18, 668 16,862 8,444 6,991 6,335 "875 (') C) $43,300 36,835 28,002 16,855 9,769 5,122 3,413 1,554 691 $10, 677 10,393 6,408 6,188 3,916 2,212 1,619 707 366 S22,102 $45,378 20,467 45,067 11,078 26,560 7,962 19, 821 3,760 11,865 3,529 7,687 2,030 5,057 938 2,836 622 1,354 $23,276 24,590 15, 482 11,859 8,115 4,158 3,027 1,898 732 ' Figures not available. Gas and electric fixtures. — The establishments iinder this classification include (1) those making as their product of chief value gas fixtures, chandeliers, domes, burners, mantels, etc., (2) those making electric fixtures, holders, electroliers, brackets, portables, etc., and (3) those making both gas and electric fixtures or combinations. Separate statistics are given in Table 131 for these three groups. There is considerable METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL. 219 overlapping between the groups. Gas fixtures to the value of $1,139,681 were reported by the manufacturers of electric fixtures and of combination fixtures, and to the value of $130,898 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Electric fixtures to the value of $701,400 were reported by manufacturers of gas and of combination fixtures, and to the value of $320,253 by other manufacturers, principally of hardware. Electric lighting fixtures to the value of $3,383,955 were also reported by establishments classed under "elec- trical machinery, apparatus, and supplies." Combination fixtures to the value of $352,396 were reported by manufacturers of gas fixtures and of electric fixtures, and to the value of $107,912 by other manufacturers, principally those making looking- glass and picture frames. Comparable statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In 1849 this industry was reported under the designation "gas fixtures." In 1859 two classifications were employed— "gas fixtures, lamps, and chandeliers," and "lamp fixtures "—statistics for which are combined in Table 223. "Gas and lamp fixtures " was the classification used at the census of 1869 and at each subsequent census until 1909, when it was changed to its present form and thus made more comprehensive, although it had previously included the manufacture of electric fixtures. Lamps and reflectors. — The manufacture of lamps, lanterns, headlights, reflectors, and supplies of various kinda and for many purposes is covered by this classifica- tion. Among the specific products reported are (1) automobile lamps, (2) carriage, wagon, and coach lamps, (3) other lamps, such as desk, table, and night lamps, cabin lamps, portable lamps, street lamps and lanterns, anchor or riding lamps for barges, mine and safety lamps, acetylene lamps and lanterns, gasoline and kerosene lamps, signal lamps, and marine lamps and fixtures, and (4) reflectors, headlights, foot- lights, and railroad-track lights. Separate statistics for these four groups are given in Table 131. There is considerable overlapping between these groups. These products do not include the arc, incandescent, and other electric lamps for which statistics are given in connection with those for electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Similar products to the value of $735,252 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally glass, stamped and enameled ware, tinware, furniture, clocks, brass and bronze, and electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. General statistics for the censuses from 1849 to 1914 are given in Table 223. In 1849 and 1859 the classification was "lamps," and in 1869, "lamps, lanterns, and locomotive headlights." NEEDLES, FIN'S, AND HOOKS AND ETES. The principal products of establishments included in this classification are spring and latch knitting-machine needles, sewing-machine needles, mattress and bag needles, needle-pomted goods used in the various textile industries, ordinary pins, metal hairpins, safety pins, hooks and eyes, garment fasteners, and dress hooks. "Pins" was the only classification in 1849, when 4 establishments were reported, with 265 wage earners and products valued at $297,550. In 1859 there were four classifications, "needles," "sewing-machine needles," "pins," and "hooks and eyes," and thereafter two, "needles and pins" and "hooks and eyes," until the census of 1904, when they were consolidated as at present. The combined figures are shown in Table 223 for each census from 1859 to 1914, inclusive. The following table gives the quantities and values of the different products of the industry for 1914, 1904, and 1899. Detail statistics were not collected in 1909, but - the total value of products was $6,694,095. Table 138 NEEDLES, PINS, AND HOOKS AND EYES. 1914 1904 1899 1 $7,890,879 1 $4, 750, 589 > $3, 237, 982 Needles: 168,734 $1,278,444 46,165 $492,387 47,934 $129,397 74,635 $656, 660 204,505 $1,140,924 44,762 $422,655 47,921 $118,223 111,822 $600,046 161,356 $1,027,949 39,764 $414,504 44,246 $114,660 77, 346 Knitting machine — Latch- Thousands Value Spring- Thousands Value All other needles, including^ewing machine— Value $498,785 220 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1&14. TaDIe 138— Continued. NEEDLES, PINS, AND HOOKS AND EYES. 1914 1904 1899 $2,713,782 $1,248,757 $2,067,637 $1,129,006 $898,054 $465,605 641,121 $163,907 1,825,673 $182,585 1 1,186,397 $375, 780 1,638,035 $526,485 8 i 9,242,012 $528,362 1,704,900 $109,245 1,189,104 $78,155 4,744,303 $936,663 2, 550, 650 $829,386 1,640,284 $364,294 1,076,177 $1,394,745 8 s 664,714 $761, 476 S s 421,463 $633, 269 8 w m 91,957 $714,492 $1,789,416 $1,542,028 $1,311,979 Pins, value Common or toilet, value Made of steel wire- Pounds Value Packs of3, 360 Value Made of brass wire- Pounds Value Packs ot3,600 Value Haiipins, made of metal- Gross Value Safety pins — Gross Value Hooks and eyes: Great gross Value Made of steel vrire— Great gross Value Made of brass wire — Great gross Value Snap fasteners and clasps, or parts of: Great gross Value All other products, value . ' In addition, needles, pins, and hook and eyes to the value of $1,165,144 in 1914; $942,506 in 1904; and $536,742 in 1899 were produced as subsidiary products hy establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of other products. 2 Not reported separately. GOLD AND SILVER, LEAF AND FOIL. The establishments included in this classification manufacture principally gold leaf for sign painters, decorators, and bookbinders, and gold foil for dentists. There were no establishments making silver leaf and foil as their product of chief value in 1914, but a small amount of silver leaf was reported, with some composition leaf. The statistics for "gold and silver, leaf and foil," were first reported separately at the census of 1859. Comparable figures are given in Table 223 for the censuses from 1859 to 1914. In addition to the products covered by the table, gold leaf and foil to the value of $2,490 was reported by establishments making tin foil. JEWELRY. Jewelry, made of gold, silver, platinum, "gold-filled" metal, rolled gold plate, brass, bronze, copper, or other metal, with or without precious or semiprecious stones, constitutes the principal product reported for establishments included under this designation. Rings, pins — class, bar, veil, scarf, hat, stick, and sporting — medals, badges, emblems, loving cups, bracelets, chains — watch, belt, and guard— lockets, pendants, drops, lavallieres, brooches, slides, charms, fobs, earrings, buttons — cuff, link, and collar — bangles, necklaces, tie clasps and holders, eyeglass chains, cases, holders and mountings, bags, mesh bags, chatelaines, puff boxes, vanity cases, card and cigarette cases, cigar cutters, cigar and cigarette holders, card trays, thimbles, studs, lorgnettes, knives, bands, frames, swivels, crosses, rosaries, filigree, oriental, Chinese, and enameled jewelry, gold and silver mountings for canes, combs, pipes, fountain pens, umbrellas, and other articles, buckles and hair ornaments, gold and silver pencils, and jewelers' findings are also among the products. Statistics of establishments engaged in setting diamonds and other stones and in chasing gold and silver for the trade are included. Since some establishments do work in whole or in part on materials furnished by others, there is some duplication in value of products. Statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, jewelry to the value of $320,659 in 1914 and of $1,321,571 in 1909 was reported by establishments engaged primarily in making gold pens, umbrellas and canes, brass and bronze products, and engraving steel and copper plate. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL. 221 PENS, GOLp. Gold pens are the principal products reported for establislinients included under this industry. Statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the censuses from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. Changes in the classification of individual establishments doubtless account for the decrease shown in value of products for the five-year period 1899-1904. In addition to the products covered by the table, gold pens to the value of $10,660 were reported in 1914, by establishments assigned to other -classifications, namely, pens, fountain and stylographic, and jewelry. Statistics for steel, gold, and fountain and stylographic pens are given in Table 76. SILVERWARE AND PLATED WARE. Table 223 gives separate statistics for the two industries included under this classi- fication. Establishments in each branch, however, manufacture some products covered by the other class, and therefore the combined totals are given in the follow- ing table: Table 139 CENSUS YEAB. SILVEBWAEE AND PLATED WARE. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914, 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879, 1869, 1869, 180 183 168 169 122 132 268 234 15,787 16, 610 14, 861 12,206 9,036 5,835 6,050 3,843 18,738 16, 183 12, 873 8,486 6,343 2,250 0) $50, 157 $9,796 $16,580 $38,271 46,759 10,282 18,332 42,229 37,732 8,625 14,469 32,840 30, 628 6,531 11,659 26,114 18,879 4,944 6,981 17, 938 7,760 3,206 6,231 11, 114 6,869 2,892 4,994 10,487 3,260 1,489 4,006 7,248 $21,691 23,897 18, 381 14,455 10, 957 5,883 5,493 3,242 1 Figures not available. Silversmithing and silverware. — The principal products reported for establish- ments included under this heading are hollow and flat tableware; ecclesiastical ware; candelabra; cups; ornaments; silver-deposited glassware and china; manicure and toilet articles; picture frames; boxes, cigar, cigarette, and match; coin holders; candlesticks; tea balls; salt and pepper shakers; vanity cases; and novelties. Table 223 gives the statistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive. The classification in 1849 was "silversmiths, jewelers, etc.," the figures of course not being comparable with those shown in the table. The number of establishments reported was 583, employing 5,262 wage earners, and having products valued at $9,401,765. In addition to the products covered by the table, silversmithing and silverware to the value of 12,900,274 was reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "plated ware, " "watch cases," and "jewehy." Plated ware. — Various kinds of ware plated with gold, silver, and other metals are represented in the products classified under this heading. Some britannia ware and German-silver ware are also reported. The articles made are similar to those made in the silverware branch of the industry except as to material. In 1849 the classification was "britannia and plated ware"; in 1859, "silver plated and britannia ware," in 1899 "plated and britannia ware." Table 228 gives comparative figures from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. Separate statistics for those establishments making "knives, forks, and spoons ; " hollow ware" ; and " all other, " which includes flat pieces, toilet sets, manicure sets, mesh bags, carving sets, jewel cases, desk sets, trays, shaving sets, military sets, orna- ments, and novelties, etc., are given in Table 131, each establishment being assigned according to the product of chief value. There is considerable overlapping between the three groups, knives, forks, and spoons to the value of $1,927,014 being reported by the other two groups, and to the value of $454,748 by manufacturers of silverware. Hollow ware to the value of $1,059,183 was reported by the other plated-ware establishments, and to the value of $243,171 by other industries, while "all other " plated ware to the value of $10,258 was roDorted bv establ ifihrnentH aaaignprl to n tlioi- fl°°°i In addition 4 258 automobiles, valued at $6,296,668 in 1914; 694 automobiles, valued at $830,080 in 1909; and 1,138 automobiles, valued at $879,205 in 1904; were reported by establishments engaged primarily in other industries. . ,. , ^ ,. . . vi ■ ,«, . j ' Returns were received from only two estabhshments makmg steam automobiles m 1914 and were con- soUdated with those for establishments making gasoline automobiles to avoid disclosure of operations. > None reported. 67031°— 17 15 226 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. The following table shows the number of the various kinds of automobiles manu- factured in 1914 and 1909, classified according to horsepower rating: Table 145 NTJMBEE OF AUTOMOBILES MANUFACTUEED: 19U AKTD 1909. CLASS. Total. Classified according to horsepower rating. Less than 10. 10 to 19. 20 to 29. 30 to 49. 50 to 89. 90 or more. Total number: 1914 568,781 126,593 4,962 7,639 44,877 29,363 344,311 35,257 161,622 51,218 12,840 3,197 179 1909 29 Passenger vehicles (pleasure, lamily, government, municipal, and public conveyances): 1914 644,609 123, 338 81,597 40,786 451,032 76,114 11,098 5,205 882 1,233 24,172 3,255 4,391 1,862 19, 519 1,366 262 27 3,639 7,220 430 5,014 3 177 3,102 1,589 4 440 1,413 319 228 263 1,122 56 63 40,260 28,154 9,845 21,253 29,584. 5,415 781 1,474 40 12 4,627 1,199 2,126 878 2,602 317 336,749 34,346 57,610 11,270 276,566 21,773 2,546 1,250 29 63 7,662 911 747 624 6,788 286 27 1 151,247 50,510 13,519 3,085 133; 091 45,926 4,278 829 359 670 10,375 708 1,278 97 8,941 606 156 5 12,645 3,079 180 157 11,658 2,802 389 62 418 58 195 118 13 179 1909 I 29 Runabouts and buggies— 1914 13 1909 7 Touring cars— 1914 131 1909 31 Closed (limousines, cabs, etc.)— 1914 3 1909 1 Allother (omnibuses, sight-seeing wagons, ambulances, patrol wagons, fire department vehi- cles, etc.)— 1914 32 1909 Business vehicles (merchandise): 1914 1909 Delivery wagons— 1914 1909 Trucks— 1914 166 101 16 17 1909 All other — 1914 19D9 4 The numbers and values shown in these tables are as reported by the manufacturers and it is probable that some automobiles reported for a given class were converted to another class after being sold. The annual production is no indication of the number of automobiles in actual use, which is best shown by statistics concerning the number of machines registered. The following table shows the number registered in each state in 1914 and the rev- enue derived from this source, as compiled by the Department of Agriculture. It contains some duplications because a number of machines are registered in two or more states, but the figures are an indication of the number in use during the census year. Tatole 146 MOTOR VEHICLE EEGISTEATIONS AND KETENUES, 19U. Registrations. Revenues. STATE. Automo- biles.! Motor truoks.2 Motor cycles. Cars lor hire. Owners' and chauf- feurs' licenses. Manu- fac- turers' and dealers' licenses. Auto- mobile fines to state road fund. Gross registration revenues. Net regis- tration revenues. Totals.... 1,666,984 44,365 162,945 1,812 427,179 21,265 1101,364 $12,270,035.78 Alabama 8,672 5,040 5,642 123,604 17, 766 24,818 "2," 968" 742 743 (») 24,709 3,683 3,476 485 656 63 113,201.75 34,077.50 66,420.00 1,338,786.25 80,047.00 406,623.34 1101,904.38 30 216.18 55,856.00 1,182,457.14 76 606.41 316,897.13 Arkansas 100 927 677 204 California... "i,'327' 18,601 2,068 38, 793 Colorado Comiecticut 8,734 See footnotes on p. 227. VEHICLES FOR LAND TRAJSTSPOBTATION. 227 Table ld6— Coaliaued. MOTOR VEHICLE EEGISTEATIONS AND REVENUES, 1914. Begistrations. Revenues. STATE. Automo- blles.i Motor trucks.2 Motor cycles. Cars for hire. Own- ers' and chauf- feurs' licenses. Manu- fac- turers' and dealers' licenses. Auto- mobile fines to state road fund. Gross registration revenues. Net regis- tration revenues. Delaware* 3,050 6 3,368 20,915 3,346 131,140 66,500 *06,087 49,374 11,766 6 12,000 15,065 18,269 69,010 76,389 •.67,862 5,694 54,468 10,200 16,385 1,487 8,410 60,427 3,090 150,898 14,677 17,347 122,504 13,500 14,865 106,401 11,033 6 14,000 20,929 1219,769 6 40,000 12 2,253 8,256 13,984 30,253 6,159 53,161 2,428 12 4,833 """635" 1,944 8,236 321 396 14,852 10,403 7,318 ^i7 3,390 166 536,672.00 6 6, 736. 00 104,575.00 58,579.75 699, 725. 30 432,308.78 1,040,136.54 268,471.00 6 5,883.00 Florida Georgia $96,866.20 Idaho 76 1,198 511 2,320 1,093 niinois 17,827 2,769 Tinii«.Tin. , , , . , ,qsi 420 W Iowa 984, 412. 86 Kansas Lom'Pifl-Pft Maine is. 428 99,532 310 948 1,618 300 270 192,642.14 268,231.07 923,961.14 132,398.00 i» 51, 146. 00 235,873.60 27,000.00 34,326,00 4,331.08 185,288.21 814,536.50 19,663.23 1,529,862.36 89,580.19 66,964.00 686,467.26 13,500.00 77,592.00 1,185,039.60 157,020.00 14,000.00 126,000.00 39,638.00 Maryland Massacliiisetts.. 3, ( ( ( ( 1, 989 161 ) •inn 14,907 39,690 230,608.00 767,368.07 Minnesota *...., 5,935 Mississippi 6,381 800 935 205,100.49 21,000.00 Montana 65 Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey 1,161 2,534 'i7,"325" ii'i,'582' 6,453 1,298 """"2i9' (») 10,029 334 & 1,255 20 647 2,899 14,592 1,199 l;k is 1,529 7,880 169,701.50 787,603.56 16,967.26 1,350,000.00 70,313 634 102 1,743 226 25,025 New York North Carolina 66,636 18,000 Ohio 11,276 1,169 603,720.04 13,500.00 61,000.86 985,039.60 161,020.00 Oregon 1,838 28,085 17,372 110 3,579 60 Pennsylvania... Rhode Island... South Carolina 5,008 491 Tennessee * Utah. 173 10,335 1,209 4,862.00 154,266.91 120,814.50 60,506.00 60,648.49 293,580.00 12,140.00 20,147.60 3,602.00 6 133,«96.91 115,226.37 111 167 Virginia Washington*... West Virginia * 236 56,868.49 6 266, 000. 00 1,202 Wyoming Dist Columbia * 4,537 1 Includes all motor vehicles subject to registration when statutes do not specify separate classifications. 2 Classification as fixed by statutes. « State registration not required. < Revenue not directly applicable to roads. ~ 6 Estimated; no state registration. ' Approximate. ' Not recorded by calendar year. ' Law declared unconstitutional May, 1914. « Registration for a three-year period. Ill Approximate; returns not complete. 11 Includes delivery cars and excursion taxis. 12 Perennial registration. Automobile bodies and parts.— General statistics for the industry are presented in Table 223 for the census years from 1904 to 1914, inclusive. The figures by no means represent the full value of automobile parts and supplies, since products of this char- acter were made by establishments in other industries, and were not always distin- guished from the other products of such establishments. Many of the parts and tires made by establishments in other industries are sold to dealers or direct to owners, and do not appear in the value of products of the automobile industry. The following statement gives for 1914 the value of some of the different automobile parts and supplies that can be identified. The total value is not given (in this table) because it would not represent the value of all the equipment used in the manufacture of automobiles. 228 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTKES : 1914. CLASSIFICATION — AUTOMOBILE BODIES AND PARTS: 1914. Value. Automobile bodies and parts Kubber goods, not elsewhere specified — Automobile tires Engines, steam, gas, and water— Automobile engines ." Springs, steel, car and carriage— Automobile springs Lamps and reflectors — A utomobile lamps Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies — Automobile motors and starting and lighting systems 1129,601,337 139,518,716 11,622,961 6,527,864 6,812,489 7,284,715 ATTTOMOBILE EEPAiaiNG. The increase in the manufacture of automobiles has been accompanied by the estab- lishment of garages or shops for the repair of the vehicles. By 1914 this branch of the industry had developed to such an extent that statistics concerning it were included in the census of manufactures. Reports were secured only from establishments using power in which the repair work was similar to that done in machine shops. No spe- cial effort was made at the census of 1909 to collect statistics for this industry, but some reports were received and the data included with those for foundries and machine shops. The totals for 1914 and general data by states are given in Table 223. Table 142 ^ves separate statistics for establishments doing repair work only and for those vulcanizing tires. In addition to the products shown in the tables, automobile repairing to the value of $610,735 was reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally automobile bodies and parts, carriages and wagons, and machine-shop products. Furthermore, a large amount of custom and repair work was done by establishments engaged in the manufacture of automobiles. CARRIAGES AND WAGON'S AND UATERIALS. The manufacture of complete carriages and wagons and that of carriage and wagon materials are so closely connected that there is considerable overlapping in the statis- tics. For this reason, while the data for the two industries are given in Table 223, combined statistics are presented in the following table under the classification " car- riages and wagons and materials." The statistics for the combined industry neces- sarily include considerable duplication. Tatole 147 CABBIAGES AND WAGONS AND MATEELALS. CENSUS YEAK. Number ofestab- Ush- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by man- ufacture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 5,057 6,492 6,588 6,792 5,111 4,253 11, 891 7,230 62,391 69, 928 77,882 73,812 66,621 62,896 55,381 37,127 ■ 112,549 126,032 106,159 83,771 49,468 110,813 8,946 1177,643 176, 474 152,345 128,962 106,483 45,008 36,889 18,733 S32,557 37, 695 38,363 33,565 33,339 21,722 21,417 13,426 S66, 719 81,961 77,528 66,772 63,411 35,378 23,002 11,911 S131,647 169,893 165,869 138,262 118,943 75,066 66,954 35,683 $65,828 77,942 78,341 71,490 65,632 39,688 42,962 23,672 1909. . . 1904 1899 1889 1879. - . 1869 1869 I Carriages and wagons only. 2 Figures not available. Carriages, wagons, and repairs.— This classification covers establishments manu- facturing a great variety of vehicles, including light and heavy business wagons, such as delivery wagons, baggage wagons, express wagons, drays and trucks; farm wagoins; hand carts; hearses; street sprinklers and street sweepers; ambulances; mail wagons; police and lire wagons; family and pleasure carriages; and cabs, hacks, hansoms, and omnibuses. Sleighs, pungs, and sleds are also included. The manufacture of child- ren's carriages and sleds is not included. As a large amoimt of repair work is done by establishments included in this classifi- cation. Table 142 is compiled to show separate statistics for those making carriages and wagons, and for those doing repair work only. Concerns that manufacture less than five vehicles and those doing only repair work were not fully reported for the censuses of 1909 or 1904. The figures for 1859 and 1869 given in Table 223 probably include a great number of small repair shops, and also many establishments making only parts, so there is considerable duplication in the value of products. VEHICLES FOR LAND TEANSPORTATION. 229 The following table presents statistics of the number and value of the different kinds of vehicles for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899: Tatole 148 CARRIAGES, WAGONS, AND REPAIRS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 Total value. '1106, 697, 437 ] i $125, 366, 912 8125,332,976 $113,234,690 Con^lete velucles of all classes : Number Value 1,126,028 $69,899,107 1,519,782 $91,263,264 1,711,529 $97,190,693 1,594,465 $85, 910, 177 Carriages: Number Value Wagons: Number Value Business — Number Value Liglit and package commodity, number Heavy and bulk commodity, num- ber Pusbcarts, number Hearses, number Street sprinklers, number Other business wagons, number Farm (including carts or trucks) — Number Value Government, municipal, etc. — Number Value^. Ambulances, number Mail and mail carriers' wagons and carts, number Patrol wagons (Are and police) hose wagons, and prison vans, number . Public conveyances: Number Value i Sleighs and sleds: Number Value Automobiles:' Number Value - All other products, including parts and amount received for repair work 538,071 $33,329,879 533,601 $34,506,942 139, 621 $13,022,860 81,393 31,458 14,937 402 197 11,234 384,663 $19,708,423 9,317 $1,776,669 346 5,649 3,422 1,221 $279,656 62, 010 $1,207,706 1,123 $574,925 828,411 $47,756,118 687, 685 $39,932,910 154,631 $16,440,816 107,190 32,780 7,330 807 1,063 5,471 429,962 $22,615,876 3,102 $876,219 698 1,912 592 2,243 $939,267 100,899 $2,065,850 644 $669,119 937,409 $66,760,276 643, 766 $37,195,230 133,422 71,733 31,956 6,089 642 157 22,845 505,025 5,308 245 4,703 360 (.') $36,798,330 $34,103,648 2,711 $1,314,962 127,455 $2,694,660 199 $236,675 $28,142,283 904,639 $51,295,393 670,428 $31,080,738 8 (4 m (») 2,218 $1,114,090 117,006 $2,290,903 174 $129,063 $27,324,413 > In addition, in 1914, 12,330 carriages, valued at $863,489; 38,808 wagons, valued at $2,026,210; 63 public conveyances, valued at $45,508; 1,311 sleighs and sleds, valued at $24,309; and parts, materials, and repair work, valued at $1,633,099, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manutaeture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. In 1909,this class of establishments made 14,908 carriages, valued at $1,078,935; 42,112 wagons, valued at $2,093,288; 104 public conveyan(»s, valued at $5,616; 8,209 sleighs and sleds, valued at $166,917; and parts and materials, valued at $1,184,256, and m 1904 such establishments made carriages and wagons, valued at $612,173. 2 Not reported separately. . , , ^ , ■ j „ „ ' Manufactured in establishments devoted primarily to the manufacture of carnages and wagons. Carriage and wagon materials.— Under this classification are included establish- ments making carriage and wagon bodies, hubs, felloes, spokes, wheels, axles, whipple- trees, eveners, neck yokes, poles, reaches, dashboards, tops, cushions, lamp brackets, gears, washers, whip sockets, etc. The manufacture of carriage and wagon springs is, however, classed as a separate industry (see Table 67). The figures for 1859 and 1869 in Table 223, which presents comparative statistics, are for the industry designated "carriage trimmings," and therefore are not as wide in their scope as those for later censuses. MOTORCYCLES, bicycles, and paets. The statistics for this industry cover establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture or assembling of complete bicycles and motorcycles, and also those making parts and accessories for these machines, such as handles and handlebars, frames, saddles, saddle springs and seat posts, hubs, bicycle bells and cyclometers, coaster brakes spokes, nipples, rims, pedals, chains, ball bearings, guards, and parcel earners. There is thus considerable duplication in the total value of products for the industry. 230 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Some eatablishmeiita engaged in this industry also manufacture three-wheeled deliv- ery vans and tandems, and the various types of wheels used by vaudeville aerobata and circus performers. At the censuses of 1899 and 1904 the industry designation was "bicycles and tricycles," and the published reports include the statistics for a con- siderable output of children's tricycles and velocipedes. Establishments engaged primarily in the latter class of manufacture were classified under "toys and games" in 1909 and 1914. It is impossible to present statistics showing the full value of all parts and supplies made in other industries, many of which are not used by the factories, but are sold directly by the manufacturers to dealers, repair shops, etc. In particular, the value of tires, a product of the rubber-goods industry, is only partly accounted for in the cost of materials reported for the motorcycle and bicycle industry. Table 223 presents the general statistics for the industry for the last five censuses. The following table presents the comparative statistics of the number and value of motorcycles and bicycles manufactured: Tatole 149 MOTOECTCLES, BICYCLES, AND PAKT3. 1914 1909 1904 1899 Total value i $22,234,262 $10,698,567 $5,153,240 $31,915,908 Motorcycles: 62,154 $12,161,775 299,029 $3,757,318 $6,315,169 18,628 $3,015,988 168,824 $2,436,996 $5,245,583 2,300 $354,980 225,309 $3,203,505 $1,694,755 160 Value. $33,674 1,112,880 $22,127,310 $9,754,924 Bicycles: , Value. All other products, iucluding parts I In addition, similar products were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, as follows: PEODUCT. 1914 1909 1904 1899 Motorcycles: Nnmher 639 $144,672 99,870 $1,603,912 $2,899,214 28 $4,200 25, 178 $537,418 $34,341 Value Bicycles: Number 64,883 $791, 193 $579, 927 69,811 $1,529,177 $24 000 Value. All other products, including parts CARRIAGES AND SLEDS, CHILDREN'S. Under this classification are includefd those establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of baby and doll carriages, "walkers," go-carts, children's sleds, express wagons, and autocoasters. As shown in Table 223, which is a comparative summary covering a period of 45 years, there has not been a great increase in the number of establishments, but the value of products in 1914 was over eight times that reported in 1869. At the census of 1859 the manufacture of "carriages, children's", (sleds were not included), was reported by 32 establishments, employing 357 wage earners. The products were valued at $374,350. In addition to the products covered by the table, children's carriages and sleds to the value of $2,213,026 in 1914 and of $1,759,271 in 1909 were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufac- ture of other products. WHEELBARROWS. Table 223 presents comparative statistics for the manufacture of wheelbarrows for all censuses from 1869 to 1914. Some of the establishments reported products other than wheelbarrows, the more important being porch swings, hand or push carts, warehouse trucks, and minor articles used on farms, such as stone boats, whippletrees, sleds, crates, etc. In addition to the products covered by the table, wheefcarrows to the value of $264,896 in 1914 and of $197,659 in 1909 were reported by establishmenfa engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, principally planing-mUI and foundry and machine-shop products, and agricultural implements. VEHICLES FOR LAND TRANSPOBTATIOlSr. STEAU AND ELECTRIC RAILROAD CARS. 231 The following table jjresents comparative statistics tor the manufacture of cars, steam and electric, and includes those made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of steam cars, of electric cars, and of cars made by both steam and electric railroad repair shops, as well as those reported by establishments assigned to other classifications. Table 150 STEAM AND ELECTEIC EAaKOAD CARS. 1911 1909 1904 1899 Total: Number 137,823 $164,959,665 101,243 $102,147,396 124,634 $110,249,222 Value Steam-railroad cars : 134,960 $154,796,615 3,568 $45,245,184 131,392 $109,551,331 2,863 $10,163,150 98,471 $94,884,287 1,819 $15,120,961 96,652 $79,763,326 2,772 $7,263,109 119,940 $100,346,912 2,446 $20,486,260 117,494 $79,860,652 4,694 $9,902,310 144,602 $86,050,664 1,369 Value . Passenger service— Value $8,810,032 FreigM service '— 143, 133 Value $77,240,632 Electric-railroad cars; CT Value (') 1 Includes all service cars not passenger. ' Not reported separately. Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. — This classi- fication includes establishments whose chief product is cars, whether of wood or of steel, for use on steam railroads. It does not include, however, the manufacture of steam railroad cars in steam railroad repair shops or in establishments engaged prima- rily in the manufacture of street railroad cars. Some establishments, besides making finished cars, reported the manufacture, for sale as such, of car materials and parts, such as brake beams, axles, underframes, trucks, car wheels, bolsters, castings, and car bodies, so there is some duplication in value of products within the industry. Most concerns making exclusively or primarily parts or materials for cars are, how- ever, placed under other classifications, such as "brass, bronze, and copper products," "foundry and machine-shop products," "lumber and timber products,^ ^and "springs, steel, car and carriage." Besides the common classes of passenger cars, box cars, and flat cars, a large variety of cars designed for carrying special kinds of freight were reported, as, for instance, poultry, ice, rock, logging, and tank cars. Construction cars, track-laying cars, dump, work, and spriniler cars, snowplows, show and boarding cars, and cabooses were also reported. Sleeping and parlor cars and other special classes of passenger cars are likewise included. General statistics of the industry for the censuses from 1889 to 1914 are given in Table 223. No separation of the statistics was made at the census of 1879, but 130 establishments classified as "cars, railroad and street, and repairs, not including establishments operated by steam railroad companies, ' ' reported $31,070,734. "Oars, omnibuses, and repau:ing the value of $4,302,613, by 62 establishments; and at the census of 1849 cars, rail- road " were made by 41 establishments to the value of $2,493, .558. These statistics cannot be considered comparable with those for later censuses. . , ,. ^, Statistics of establishments constructing steam raihoad cars not including the work of steam raihoad companies in their repair shops, or that of establishments primarily engaged in the construction of electric cars are given for the last four censuses in the following table: 232 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTTJEES : 1914. Tatole 151 CAES, STEAM-EAILKOAD. 1914 1909 1901 1899 Total value. Steam-railroad cars: Number Value Passenger service i — Number Value Baggage and express- Number Value Mail- Number Value Passenger > — Number Value Chair, dining and buflet, parlor, Bleeping, and all other— Number Value Freight service- Number Value Box- Number Value Caboose — Number Value riat— Number Value Gondolas- Number Value ' Hopper 2— Number Value Refrigerator — Number Value Stock- Number Value Tank- Number Value Other varieties — Number Value Electric-railroad cars: Number Value Number.. Value Other- Number., Value All other products, value.. $194,775,669 $123,729,627 $111,176,310 120,084 $140,157,583 3,434 $43,955,798 438 $3,642,629 145 $1,497,824 1,645 $19,577,886 1,206 $19,237,459 116,650 $96,201,785 50, 481 $40,962,538 340 $420,568 4,781 $3,120,084 25,077 $22,808,750 9,754 $10,708,407 5,800 $8,077,062 3,929 $2,587,066 1,250 $1,256,167 3 15,238 1 $6, 272, 144 194 $711, 198 161 $636,804 33 $75,394 $53,906,888 74, 778 $76,521,432 1,601 $13,829,607 216 $1,106,779 95 $600,912 957 $7,209,425 333 $4,913,491 73, 177 $61,691,826 29,728 $23,982,446 537 $625,605 3,232 $2,033,801 19,607 $18, 128, 186 11,473 $9,419,655 2,618 $2,747,957 2,349 $1,586,008 3,633 $3,268,167 $2,023,922 558 $1,903,317 45 $120,605 $46,184,273 102,646 $87,289,248 2,030 $18,140,293 199 $896,186 96 $576,230 428 $2,965,617 $13,712,361 100,616 $69,148,955 38,184 $28,508,632 160 $150,977 5,412 $2,893,164 9,518 $5,518,084 ■27,998 $21,367,218 3,353 $3,042,835 4,235 $2,453,123 11,756 $5,214,932 418 $994,654 331 $930,791 87 $63,863 $22,891,408 $90,510,180 117,569 $69,529,312 979 $7,368,299 72 $238,554 42 $197,465 331 $1,975,469 534 $4,956,811 116,590 $62,161,013 47,838 $26,562,893 193 $184,865 4,525 $1,923,525 11,821 $6,873,145 28,857 $18,414,718 2,354 $1,956,097 2,760 $1,426,800 18,242 $4,818,970 935 $1,090,854 902 $1,062,172 33 $28,682 $19,890,014 1 Includes gasoline motors for use as passenger cars by steam railroads, for 1904 and 1909 ' Reported as coal and coke in 1909, 1904, and 1899. 3 Includes, in 1914y 9,737 logging, mming, industrial, and dump cars valued at $1,825,693. Cars, electric-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. — The follow- ing table gives the number and value of the different kinds of cars made in estab- lishments constructing street or electric railroad cars. It does not include cars made in the shops of railroad companies or by establishments primarily engaged in making steam-raihoad cars. General statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the censuses from 1889 to 1914, inclusive. BAILEOAD EEPAIR SHOPS. 233 Tatole 162 CAES, ELECTEIC-EAaEOAD. PEODtrCT. 1914 1909 1904 Total value $10,494,953 $7,809,866 $10,844,196 Electric-railroad cars- Number 2,348 $8,078,348 2,174 $7,439,906 1,876 $6,802,764 143 $383,694 155 $253,448 66 $174,334 108 $464,108 17 $72,034 $2,344,671 1,922 $4,602,435 1,787 $4,346,098 1,323 $3,500,781 369 $704,309 95 $141,008 92 $179,293 43 $77,044 167 $111,813 $3,095,618 3,966 $8,302,512 3,677 $7,878,470 2,621 $5,777,257 502 $1,240,864 554 $860,349 16 $24,022 273 $400,020 Value Passenger- Number Value Closed- Number Value ; Combination- Number Value Open- Number Freight, express, and mail- Value Other Tarieties— Steam-raikoad cars- $59,663 $2,482,021 All other products, value RAILROAD REPAIR SHOPS. This group includes only two industries, ■wMch. are designated "cars and general shop construction and repairs by .steam-railroad companies" and "cars and general shop construction and repairs by electric-railroad companies." Briefly, they may be called steam-railroad repair shops and electric-railroad repair shops, respectively. As a rule, steam and electric railroad companies operate one or more repair shops for the purpose of maintaining the rolling stock in proper condition. Incidental to their repair work, however, such shops often manufacture complete cars and locomotives. While the great bulk of the work of repair shops is on the rolling stock, they also do shopwork in connection with the construction and repair of bridges and other fixed property. The products are not ordinarily assigned a selling or contract value, and the amount reported to the census is usually the cost of production. Talble 153 RAILEOAD EEPAm SHOPS: 1914. INDUSTET. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage J earners (average number). Capital. Wages. , Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total 2,011 365, 902 $417,706 $253,150 $261,439 $552,618 $291,179 steam-railroad repair shops Electric-raih-oad repair shops 1,362 649 339,518 26,384 354,092 63,614 234,505 18,645 243,829 514,041 17,610 38,577 270,212 20,967 CABS AND GENEKAL SHOP CONSTKUCTION AND REPAIRS BY STEAM-RAILROAD COUFANIES. The following table presents statistics of the work done by construction and repair shops operated by steam-railroad companies, not including roundhouses where run- ning repairs are made. Most of the value represents that of repairs, comparatively lit- tle representing new construction. General statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the censuses from 1889 to 1914, inclusive. The number of establish- ments was less in 1909 and in 1904 than in 1899. This decrease is due probably to the 234 CENSUS OF MANUFACrtJBES : 1914. concentration of railroad repair work in large repair shops. All the other items show decided increases from census to census. TalJle 154 CLASS OF WOEK. STEAM-EAILEOAD EEPAIK SHOPS. 1914 1909 1904 11899 Total value. Motive power and machinery department — Locomotives built — Number Value Repairs to locomotives, motors; etc Work for other corporations All other products or work Car department Cars built, value Passenger- Number Value Freight- Number Value Other- Number Value Repairs to cars of all kinds Work for other corporations All other products or work Bridge and building department (shopwork). Repairs and renewals Work for other corporations All other products or work All other products and work, not classified . . . $514,041,225 $405,600,727 $309,775,089 $218,238,277 $236,723,724 187 $3,594,003 $169,057,932 $7,053,430 $57,018,359 $242,976,774 $11,999,983 123 $1,233,302 10,314 $10, 513, 676 308 $253,005 $183,753,538 $14,819,984 $32,403,269 $3,127,644 $2,449,821 $37,061 $640,762 $31,213,083 $184,971,870 215 $3,289,140 $127,928,773 $4,735,004 $49,018,953 $199,768,939 $13,326,171 218 $1,291,354 13,972 $11,767,664 359 $267,153 $147,194,065 $8,784,239 $30,464,464 $2,799,898 $1,906,737 $46,496 $846, 665 $18,060,020 $149,643,953 148 $1,853,939 $101,326,805 $6,681,307 $40,781,902 $149,748,820 $12,990,011 414 $2,337,977 14,742 $10,006,642 2,000 $645,392 $105,319,032 $6,946,990 $24,492,787 $5,096,141 $4,351,487 $40,581 $704,073 $5,286,175 $94,447,260 272 $3,276,393 $67,383,143 $3,338,589 $30,449,135 $118,376,552 $16,521,352 390 $1,441,733 26,643 $15,079,619 $74,te,500 $7,084,857 $20,104,843 $5,414,465 $3,937,170 $241,626 $1,235,669 1 Includes $124,619 reported for Alaska. ' Not reported. CARS AKD GEITERAL SHOP CONSTBITCTION' AND REPAIRS BY ELECTRIC-RAILROAD COMPANIES. The following table presents statistics of the operations of the construction and repair shops of electric-raihoad companies, including all electric systems andinterurban electric lines — all railroads, in fact, except steam roads. The work done, which con- sists almost wholly of repairs, was not reported in detail in 1899, but its aggregate value in that year was $9,370,811. General statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the census years from 1889 to 1914, inclusive. Table 15S CLASS OF WORK. ELECTEIC-KAILEOAD KEPAIE SHOPS. 1909 1904 Total value . Motive power and machinery department Repairs to motors, etc Work for other corporations All other products or work Car department Cars built Passenger- Number Value Freight- Number Value Other- Number Value Repairs to cars of all kinds Work lor other corporations All other products or work Bridge and building department (shopwork) . Repairs and renewals Work for other corporations All other products or work All other products and work, not classified . . . $38,676,565 $31,962,561 $5,380,673 $4,933,436 $66, 944 1 $390, 193 $31,086,043 $811, 104 235 $737,926 11 $21, 196 58 $51,982 $27,628,802 $441,323 $2,204,814 $434,427 $199,751 $479 $234,197 $1,675,522 $4,510,332 $4,004,336 $88,070 2 $417, 926 $25,835,463 $626,762 129 $498,709 63 $59, 102 51 $68,941 $22,869,777 $624,805 $1,714,129 $330,948 $273,581 $5,093 $52,274 $1,286,818 $13,437,121 $810,946 $2,626 $508,320 $12,581,365 $605,144 $580,669 13 $11,366 $13, 109 $11,254,505 $36,714 $686,002 $327,855 $253, 133 $74,722 $16,955 1 Includes the value of 1 locomotive. 2 Includes the value of 3 electric locomotives. MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 235 MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. THE GROUP AS A WHOLE. This group includes all industries not presented in the 13 groups preceding. Some of them could not be properly classed in any of the other groups on account of the varied character of the materials used; others on account of the peculiar nature or use of the products. Some, however, resemble rather closely industries included under other groups, especially the groups "iron and steel and their products" and "metals and metal products, other than iron and steel." Such resemblance is par- ticularly marked in the case of the following industries of the miscellaneous group: "Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies"! "agricultural implements": "fire extinguishers, chemical"; "instruments, professional and scientific"; and "soda- water apparatus." It often happens that articles which constitute the chief prod- ucts of these industries are also made in considerable quantities by efltablishmenti classified under the two groujjs before mentioned. There is also a considerable over- lapping of the products within the miscellaneous group itself. On the other hand, there are few of the industries in the miscella,neous group whose products are chiefly used as materials in other industries of the group or in industries assigned to other groups. The following table shows the number of establishments, average number of wage earners, capital, total wages paid, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture, for each of the industries included in the general group as reported for the census of 1914: Table 156 MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRnSS: 1914. INDUSTRY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expres ied in thousands. Total 19,193 594,465 92,047,842 1361,635 S835, 139 Sl,749,418 $914, 279 16 601 32 7 25 217 153 44 11 33 32 10 22 18 7 11 23 868 828 40 359 41 45 273 517 66 m 54 57 27 72 26 172 33 139 168 48,469 11,493 9,889 1,604 4,808 488 604 127 477 962 651 311 5,115 2,442 2,673 18,687 5,642 5,548 94 7,213 1,208 2,420 3,585 14,511 2,773 5,551 1,065 299 2,620 1,106 461 3,080 1,731 i,349 401 338,532 37,454 30,531 6,923 3,349 1,003 2,947 325 2,622 3,520 2,723 797 22,437 11,250 11,187 46,051 8,706 8,581 125 • 14,333 2,329 6,483 5,521 19,075 2,959 21,281 3,031 609 12,235 3,969 1,437 10,949 6,226 4,723 135 34,693 6,751 5,983 768 1,991 369 315 60 265 484 329 155 2,902 1,451 1,451 9,986 2,624 2,573 51 3,461 660 1,262 1,539 6,424 1,393 3,363 508 162 1,722 717 264 1,616 740 876 134 73,609 16,277 13,169 3,118 3,207 316 2,065 68 1,997 1,360 716 644 12,967 5,927 7,040 23,956 7,884 7,729 155 9,327 1,109 4,208 4,010 8,702 2,853 9,248 1,470 687 2,904 3,214 1,073 10,715 1,864 8,851 790 164,087 30,840 25,673 5,267 7,614 1,498 3,238 181 3,057 2,814 1,813 1,001 23,561 11,580 11,981 63,822 14,085 13,800 285 17,894 2,675 7,303 7,916 20,712 5,478 18,950 3,162 1,085 7,779 6,136 1,788 16,160 4,189 11,971 656 90,578 Ainjnunition . . 14,563 12,414 All other 2,149 Artificial flowers 4,407 1,182 Artists' materials 1,173 US All other 1,060 Asbestos products, not including steam packing 1,454 Building materials 1,097 All other 357 10,594 Rubber beltiner 5,653 4,941 29,866 6,201 6,071 Another 130 8,567 Toilet 1,566 3,095 All other 3,906 12,010 Combs and hairpins, not made 2,625 Dairymen's, poultrymen's, and 9,702 Incubators and brooders All other poultrymen's sup- 1,692 498 4,875 AU other dairymen's supplies. 1,922 715 5,445 2,325 Another 3,120 236 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Tatole 156— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES: 1914. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners number). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Enameling Engravers' materials Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Beadwork Celluloid novelties Metal novelties Paper novelties Wood novelties All other Feathers and Figures not available. Brooms. — ^Establishments in this classification manufacture brooms for sweeping floors, streets, etc . , and for cleaning ceilings and hearths, and whisk brooms for brushing clothes, etc. These are made generally of the tops of broom corn; but some — ^for ex- ample, those for brewers' use — are made of bristles, and others, such as street or push brooms, are~made of brass and steel, of rattan, of basswood fiber, or of split bamboo. Scrub and toy brooms are included. Table 156 gives separate figures for brooms made from broom corn and from other materials. In addition to the products covered by the table, brooms made from broom corn, to the value of 172,375, were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally brushes, while "all other brooms " to the value of $95,091 were reported by brush manufacturers and others. Separate statistics are shown for the censuses of 1914, 1909, 1869, 1859, and 1849 in Table 223. . Brushes.- — Brushes, composed principally of bristles, vegetable fiber, the ha,ir of animals, feathers, wool, and wire, are the products of establishments in this classiflcar tion. They include (1) brushes for toilet purposes — ^hairbrushes, military brushes, toothbrushes, nailbrushes, and shaving brushes; (2) brushes for artists and painters; and (3) all other, such as clothes, bonnet, and hat brushes- brushes for household use, for cleaning and polishing, and for dairy use; tanners' and brewers' brushes; gun and rifle brushes; fruit-cleaning brushes; textile-machinery brushes; acid brushes; dentists' and platers' brush wheels, of brass, steel, and bristles; machine, mill, and mechanical brushes, including comb cards and loom dusters; and brushes and buffs for jewelers, silversmiths, and metal workers. Feather and wool dusters and dust cloths were also reported. Other products are brush ferrules and brush fibers. Thedressing of bristles is a branch of the industry. Table 156 gives separate statistics for the three classes of brushes. There is considerable overlapping among the groups. Toilet brushes to the value of f 545,501 were made by paint and varnish and other brush manufacturers, and to the value of $92,369 by manufacturers in other industries. Paint and varnish brushes to the value of $42,500 were reported by the "toilet" and "all other" groups, and to the value of $309,169 by establishments assigned to other classifications, princi- pally "paints." "All other" brushes to the value of $260,884 were made by toilet and paint brush manufacturers, and to the value of $685,399 by establishments in other clasafications— principally "upholstering materials, not elsewhere specified," and • "brooms." Separate statistics for the censuses of 1914, 1909, 1869, 1859, and 1849 are given in Table 223. „„„„„„e Plain and fancy buttons for fastenings or for ornamentation are manufactured in all sizes and styles and of many kinds of materials by the establishments under this classification. Among the materials are bone, brass, celluloid, cloth, composition; fresh-water mussel shells, glass, hoof, horn, iron, leather, mother-of-pearl, paper board, steel, and vegetable ivory. General statistics for the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. .■,.,., The table following shows the quantities and values of the various kinds of buttons manufactured in 1914. 67031°— 17- -16 242 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 160 buttons: 1914. KIND. buttons: 1914. Gross. Value. Gross. Value. ' Total value 1 $20, 711, 979 Covered 3,017,436 535,207 252,248 2,289,402 1,510,272 2,838,603 1,831 1,458,446 388,201 14,304,148 517,895 641,151 $1,600,178 Trouser: Steel 3,660 2,198,946 623,169 1,771,053 217,224 537,096 382,560 257,823 614,740 21,664,436 4,516,969 15,520,037 5,100 329,934 724,354 56,251 100,201 299,487 283,484 283,352 172, 133 4,879,844 2,489,364 610,796 307,802 44,150 Other metal Vegetable ivory.... Other composition. Vegetable ivory, not including trouser Wood Celluloid, plastic 1,326,227 " 658,880 1,659,276 2,522 388,538 111,325 2,349,406 Metal, not including trouser or collar and cufl: Dress or unitorm... Another Others, not specified. . . Parts of buttons Blanks or molds Snap fasteners (great gross): Steel 159,351 252,034 1,717,990 Freshwater Other metal ' In addition, buttons to the value of $482,061 were manufactured by establishments engaged primarily in other industries. Statistics as to quantities and values of the various kinds of buttons manufactured were not collected for 1909, but for 1904 such data were secured. The following table gives comparable figures, so fax as available, for 1914 and 1904: Tatole 161 BUTTONS. KIND. 1914 1904 Gross. Value. Gross. Value. Total value . 1 $20,711,979 I $11,133,769 Buttons 60,599,359 28,181,405 21,664,436 4,516,969 1,660,018 5,128,005 3,017,436 2,198,946 22,413,649 14,304,148 1,159,046 16,233,198 7,369,208 4, 879, 844 2,489,364 807,437 2,885,503 1,600,178 329,934 3,240,938 2,349,406 411,385 1,717,990 29,859,292 13,143,553 11,405,723 1,737,830 6,815,962 2,470,409 2,990,750 956,412 3,482,206 6,991,738 9,040,029 Pearl 4,870,274 3,369,167 1,511,10? Metal 1,312,741 Vegetable ivory 1,305,766 Cloth 766,091 Bone 124,454 All other 660,703 916,003 (') AH other products 1,177,737 1 Exclusive of buttons valued at $482,061 ui 1914 and $1,034,843 in 1904, made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products. ^ Not shown separately. DAIRYMEN'S, POULTRYMEN'S, AND APIARISTS' SUPPLIES. This classification covers establishments manufacturing (1) incubators and brooders; (2) other poultry men 's supplies, which include coops of iron or wood, hovers, houses, incubator regulators, egg carriers, exercisers, feeders, crates and chicken-shipping boxes, crushed oyster shells, drinldng fountains, egg cases and egg-case fillers, feed cookers, insecticides, egg testers, nest eggs, egg markers, and remedies; (3) cream separators, centrifugal and gravity, and accessories; (4) other dairymen's supphes, which include automatic sanitary butter machines; butter workers, vats, colors, packers, ladles, cutters, printers, and molds; cheese boxes, hoops, presses, and band- ages; rennet extract and lactic ferment; ripeners; junket tablets; creamery machin-< ery and supplies; churns, barrel, dash, and other; dairy tinware; ice-cream freezers; milk cans,' tanks, measures, and coolers; bottle sterilizers and fillers; milk testers; capping machines, caps, and rings; pasteurizers; portable stalls; skim-milk weighers; washers and sinks; tanks of steel or cypress; and milking machines; and (5) products .intended for apiarists' use, including bee escapes, bee veils, comb foundation, hives, and honey boxes and sections. Table 156 gives separate statistics tor these five groups. There is some overlapping among the subclassifications, poultrymen's supplies to the value of $54,445 and dairymen's supplies to the value of $158,841 being reported by the other subclasses. In addition to the products shown in the table, incubators and brooders to the value of $151,773, other poultrymen's supplies to the value of $43,748, cream separators to the value of $467,321, other dairymen's supplies to the value of $249,101, and apiarists' supplies to the value of $69,071 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries. The statistics for 1914, 1909, and 1904 MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 243 are the only figures available, the industry having been merged with others in the classifications employed prior to 1904. (See Table 223.) TfENTAl, GOODS. The statistics for establishments in this classification are grouped so as to give sepa- rate figures for the manufacture of (1) teeth and (2) all other dental goods, consisting principally of dental alloys; carborundum disks and wheels; paper and emery cloth disks; casting machines; cauterizing supplies and cotton pellets; embossing com- pounds; dental files; filling materials; fine gold and silver plate and anodes; gold caps, plates, and crown and bridge work; gold foil, cylinders, and shells; solders and wire; impression materials; linen and celluloid finishing strips; mandrels; working compounds; nerve broaches; dental plasters; platenoid specialties; platinum plates; aluminum plates; polishing cups; porcelain enamel; rubber plate work and suction plates and cujjs; swages; and wax preparations. Table 156 gives separate statistics for the two groups of establishments. There is considerable overlapping between the two, teeth to the value of $11,683 being made by manufacturers of other dental goods, and dental goods to the value of 1264,029 being reported by other establishments, mainly by manufacturers of teeth. General sta- tistics for the industry for the censuses from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, APPAKATTTS, AND SUPPLIES. Establishments manufacturing machinery and apparatus employed directly in the generation, storage, transmission, or ultimate use of electrical energy are included in this classification. Dynamos, transformers, switchboards, motors, and auxiliary apparatus, batteries, carbons, arc and incandescent lamps, telegraj)h and telejjhone apparatus, electric heating apparatus, measuring instruments, mine and railway locomotives, insulated wires and cables, and magneto-ignition apparatus are the principal products, some of which are reported in considerable variety, as shown by Table 162. Table 223 presents comparable statistics for the industry for the censuses from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. The following table gives for the census years 1899 to 1914, inclusive, statistics for all products of establishments in the industry and those for electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies made by establishments in other industries. The value of all products was $359,432,155 in 1914, representing an increase of 49.7 per cent compared with $240,037,479 in 1909. In general the highest rates of increase follow the devel- opment of the automobile industry, as shown by the statistics for small dynamos and automobile starter^generator sets, magneto-ignition apparatus, spark-plugs, coils, etc. Table 162 Total value. The electrical industry.— Electrical machinery apparatus and supplies — all products Subsidiary electrical products of other industries. Dynamos, value Direct current — Small dynamos and automobile starter- generator sets — Number Value All other, including generators for di- rect connection to steam turbines- Number Kilowatt capacity Value Alternating current, including generators for direct connection to steam turbines — Number Kilowatt capacity Value Dynamo parts and supplies Dynamotors, motor-generators, boosters, rotary converters, double-omrent gener- ators, etc. — Number Kilowatt capacity Value Transformers, value Under 50 kilowatts- Number Kilowatt capacity Value ELECTRICAL MACHIirEKT, APPABATUS, AND SUPPLIES. 1914 $359,432,165 1335,170,194 $24,261,961 $23,233,437 208,645 $5,933,273 9,633 221,221 $2,967,465 2,512 1,188,005 $7,437,445 $1,627,359 8,393 780,009 $5,367,895 $13,120,065 110, 177 762, 707 $7,316,615 1909 $240,037,479 $221,308,563 $18,728,916 $17,231,804 13,882 414,222 $4,710,624 2,909 991,728 $8,370,524 $996,023 2,291 295,079 $3,154,733 $8,801,019 72,776 577,408 $4,184,832 1904 $159,651,402 $140,809,369 $18,742,033 $12,824,768 13,756 640,350 $6,973,130 1,324 356,832 $4,111,104 Q) ■ 2,135 209,664 $1,740,634 $4,468,667 63,311 350, 174 $3,292,207 1899 $105,831,865 $92,434,435 $13,397,430 $10,852,323 9,182 321,451 $6,297,925 1,345 256, 673 $4,174,651 10,798 $379,747 $2,962,871 See footnotes on p. 245. 244 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. TaKle 162— Continued. PRODUCT. Transformers, value — Continued. 50 to 500 kilowatts— Number Kilowatt capacity Value 500 kilowatts and over — Number Kilowatt capacity Value Rheostats, resistances, controllers, motor-start- ing and speed-controlling devices, feeder-po- tential regulators, and reactances Generator- voltage regulators Rectifying apparatus (including rotating com- mutators, electric valves, mercury rectifiers, and vibrating commutators) Switchboards, panel boards, and cut-out cabi- nets for light and power Motors, value Direct current for industrial power and rail- ways — Number Horsepower Value Alternating current for industrial power and railways — Number Horsepower V alue For automobiles — Number Horsepower Value For fans For miscellaneous uses Motor parts and supplies Batteries, parts and supplies, value Storage Value of batteries Weight of plates, pounds Value of parts and supplies - Primary Liquid and testing — Number Value Dry- Number Value Value of parts and supplies Carbons (including furnace, lighting, brushes, battery, and miscellaneous) Arc lamps: With luminous or metallic arcs — Number Value With flame arcs — Number Value With carbon arcs — Number Value , ■ Searchlights, projectors, and focusing lamps Incandescent lamps, value Tungsten— . Number Value Carbon filament — Number Value ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, APPARATUS, AND SUPPLIES. Gem, vacuum and vapor, nitrogen, glower, and tantalum. Decorative and miniature lamps. X-ray bulbs, vacuum tubes, etc Sockets, receptacles, bases, etc Electric-lightmg fixtures '-* Telegraph apparatus Intelligence (key , sounder, etc ) PoUce, fire, district, etc Wireless apparatus Switchboards and telegraph parts and sup- pUes 4,857 544,443 $2,625,414 1,337,644 $3,178,036 $9,543,224 $245, 154 $147,965 $8,989,111 $44,176,235 133,492 980,820 $13,316,489 284,500 1,901,975 $18, 969, 660 11,880 36,868 $1,351,442 $4,835,850 $1,190,564 $4,512,230 $23,402,455 $13,080,964 $10, 616, 160 41,079,047 $2,465,814 $10,321,491 306,351 $802,525 71,092,438 $8,719,164 $799,802 $3,602,741 22,846 $441,992 4,631 $153,433 7,635 $146,717 $2,081,545 $17,350,385 74,434,059 $11,886,354 14,092,055 $1,397,572 $2,363,730 $1,702,729 $5, 512, 609 $3,383,955 $2,248,375 $201, 956 $1,253,954 $672, 575 $119, 890 1909 3,953 1,058,021 $4,616,187 2 $2, 674, 963 (') $5,971,804 $32,087,482 257,223 92,175 \ 2,410,369 1,392,091 $24,604,938 $18,070,743 2,796 1,819 12,471 19,907 $294, 152 $152,685 $2,450,739 $1,168,254 $1,942,874 $2,978,944 $2,794,779 0) $10,612,470 $4,243,893 $4,678,209 $2,645,749 $4,243,984 $1,569,371 23,119,331 16, 113, 072 $434,225 $1,076,378 $5,934,261 $1,698,144 344,650 1,734,801 $729, 513 $516,530 33,988,881 4,888,361 $4,683,082 $513,026 $621, 666 $569,588 $1,934,864 $2,710,935 123,985 195,157 $1,706,959 $1,574,422 $935,874 $15,714,809 11,738,619 $6,241,133 55,038,378 $6,157,066 $2,715,991 $600,619 $4,521,729 $2, 200, 668 $1,957,432 $197,669 $1,126,668 $448,262 $181,^3 1901 3,387 378,007 $1,176,360 2 $932, 925 $3,766,044 $22,370,626 $114,795 $6,953,205 112,711,558 $6,308,299 < $395," 155 $249,761 $2,010,860 $3,294,606 $1,111,194 $187,744 $692,070 $114,050 $217,330 1899 3 $1,186, 878 (') $1,846,624 $19,505,504 50,888 1,182,374 $15,120,321 3,017 8,220 $192,030 $1,055,369 $3,137,784 (■) $3,679,045- $2,659,601 $2,559,601 (') $1,119,444 708,077 $571,370 1,946,688 $316,013 $232,061 $1,731,248 158,187 $1,827,771 $225,635 $3,615,118 25,320,198 $3,442,183 $72,935 $593,929 $3,750,670 $1,642,266 $354,212 $1,231,167 ^) $56,887 See footnotes on p. 245. MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 245 Tatole 162— Continued. PEODDCT. ELECTEICAl MACHINEEY, APPAHATUS, AND SUPPLIES. 1914 1909 1901 1899 Telephone apparatus Substation instruments- Central battery Magneto Interior systems- Number Value Central switchboards- Manual— Central battery Magneto Automatic Private branch exchange switchboards- Number Value Parts and supplies Electric-heating apparatus A ir heaters, including those for cars Cooking devices: Stoves and ranges Miscellaneous cooking devices Flatirons Welding apparatus (not including motor- generator sets) Electric measuring instruments Station apparatus Testing and scientific Meters for consumers' circuits Electric locomotives, mine and railway: Number Value Electrical therapeutic apparatus Magneto-ignition apparatus, spark-plugs, coils. etc. Electric switches, signals, and attachments Annunciators Electric clocks and time mechanisms Insulated wire and cables ^ Electric conduits (underground and interior). Lightning arresters Circuit fittings of all kinds All other electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies All other products, including amount received for custom work and repairing , $22,816,640 $3,916,869 $1,799,834 62,258 $510,509 $10,701,764 $374,851 $1,002,722 3,693 $448,203 $4,060,888 $4,048,915 $352,617 $671,413 $1,327,183 $1,406,620 $231,082 $8,786,500 $1,585,600 $1,073,060 $6,127,946 900 $3,720,914 $2,653,098 $22,260,847 $6,393,551 $263,806 $410,774 $69,505,573 $4,874,709 $1,188,773 $1,757,430 $2,067,683 $27,276,294 $23,628,244 $14,259,357 $10, 137, 534 2,252 $369,915 $3,751,908 $1,954,112 $919,533 $951,074 $83,505 $7,800,010 $1,639,202 $546,970 $5,613,838 (') (>) $1,107,858 $6,092,343 $5,377,843 $236,667 $352,613 $51,624,737 $5,098,264 $940,171 $1,001,719 $1,080,287 $18,995,176 $17,765,645 $15,803,698 $13,227,008 3,917 $564,795 $2,071,895 $395,827 (') (') (0 $5,004,763 $418,998 $1,000,685 $3,585,080 $1,036,962 $678,077 $1,461,337 $185,870 $373,926 $34,519,699 $2,416,245 $587, 124 $868,079 $3,525,446 $26,267,609 $10,512,412 $9,187,676 .8 $1,324,736 (') 0) (') $1,842,135 0) 0) $1,129,891 $224,885 $132,149 $21,292,001 $1,066,163 $595,497 $15,716,860 1 Not reported separately ' Rheostats and resistances only 8 Rheostats and resistances and heating and welding apparatus. * Includes vacuum and vapor, and glower lamps only. 6 Not including fixtures made in establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of "gas and electric fixtures." 6 Including insulated wire made in wire-drawing mills. ENAMELING. The enameling, under contract, of goods fumish.ed by others and the manufacture of enameled wares are the principal business of the establishments in this classifica- tion. The kinds of goods enameled include metallic art tile, automobile parts, badges, bathtubs, bedsteads, bicycles, conduit pipe, signs, cowhide^, dice, emblems, goatskins and horsehides, books, ironware, jewelry, wooden goods, wooden handles, and many others. Decorated tin plates are manufactured, together with enameled sheets and enamel coating for plumbers' supplies. At the censuses of 1899 and 1904 the classification ~was "enameling and enameled goods," but prior to 1899 there were twQ classifications, "enameling" and "enameled goods." For 1909 and 1914 the bureau employed, in part, the method of classifica- tion used prior to 1899. In 1909 ' ' enamehng " was shown as a subgroup under ' ' enamel- ing and japanning," and in 1914 as a separate industry, "enameled goods" being added to "stamped ware," and the classification designated "stamped and enameled ware, not elsewhere specified." This change transferred several large establishments enameling their own stamped ware from enameling and enameled goods," under which they were placed for 1904 and 1899, to "stamped and enameled ware" for 1909 and 1914, so that the statistics for some of the earlier censuses as shown in Table 223 are not comparable with those for 1909 and 1914. At the census of 1859 one establish- ment with products valued at $10,000 was reported under "enameling." In addition to the products covered by the table, enameling to the value of $19,451 was reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications. 246 CENSUS OP manufactures: 1914. ENGRAVEKS' MATERIALS. EstabKshments in tUs classification are engaged primarily in the preparation of boxwood for engravers' use, cherry and maple for photo-engravers' mounts, chalk plates for illuotrators, and color plates; and m the dressing, grinding, finishing, and polishing of lithographic stone for lithographers, and of steel, brass, copper, and zinc plates for the use of engravers, photo-engravers, and etchers. Some establishments reported machine work on photo-engravers', wood engravers', and metal engravers' plates. Table 223 presents comparable statistics for the censuses from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, engravers' materials valued at $29,332 in 1914 and at 187,414 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, principally "wood, turned and carved." There is some overlapping between this industry and others, such as "engraving, wood," and "photo-engraving." In some cases a given establishment was evidently classified at one census with this industry and at another with one of the related industries. This probably explains in part the decreases and increases in the industry. FANCY ARTICLES, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. EstabUshments assigned to this industry make a wide variety of articles. A partial list comprises the following: Air-brush and other souvenir post cards; albums made by the photogelatin printing process; aluminum novelties; atomizers; automobile license tags and figures; bag, purse, and pocketbook frames; bamboo novelties; bath mats; bead, pearl, and glass necklaces; beaded bags, collars, necklaces, and novelties for women's wear; brass and rhinestone ornamente for millinery; burnt-wood novel- ties; calendars (novelty); candle and electric-Ught shades of paper and silk; cane mounts; college goods — pennants, pillow tops, etc.; composition ornaments; cork- screws; corn files; decalcomania; decorative goods covered with moss, bark, leather, etc.; fan handles and fans; hand-painted silk novelties; jewel bags and powder puffs; ladies' belt and bag stands and racks; mail boxes; marquetry mat board; match scratchers; metal and glass trays; metal-frame pictures; needle and pin books, boxes, and cushions; needle threaders and thread-cutter thimbles; paper weights; passe partouts; pearl handles; photo buttons, medallions, and jewelry; picture puzzles; tally cards; pipe cases; fancy receptacles for ice cream, punches, etc.; salt and pepper shakers; sachet cases; theatrical and costumers' supplies; thermos bottles; tourists' cups; tweezers; and umbrella tassels. Articles similar to those included in this group, but for which separate values were not reported, were also manufactued to some extent by establishments assigned to the classification, "ivory, shell, and bone work, not including combs and hairpins." Table 156 shows separate statistics for those establishments whose chief products were (1) beadwork (bead and glass necklaces, beaded bags, collars, lamp shades, and novelties), (2) celluloid novelties, (3) metal novelties,' (4) paper novelties, (5) wood novelties, and (6) all other fancy articles not specified, such as novelties made of cloth, leather, felt, hair, ribbon, glass, etc. There is considerable overlapping among the groups; celluloid novelties to the value of $124,105, metal novelties to the value of $114,116, paper novelties to the value of $148,203, and wood novelties to the value of $100,000 being reported by establishments assigned to one or more of the other groups. Establishments assigned to other classifications reported fancy articles similar to those enumerated to the value of $2,327,866. This amount is not included in the value of products covered by the table. Statistics for the industry for each census from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are presented in Table 223. Those for 1869 are not comparable, and the close relation between this industry and certain others may affect the comparability of the data for the later censuses. IVORY, SHELL, AND BONE WORK, NOT INCLUDING COMBS AND HAIRPINS. The products of establishments in this industry include a wide variety of articles for use or ornament, such as mosaics; whip handles; devices for curling hair; knifehandles and tips; fobs; collar supporters; novelties of various sorts; napkin rings; pacifier and teething rings; buckles, slides, and other fittings for jewelers' use; letter openers; handles and settings for umbrellas, whisk brooms, etc.; manicure implements; watch chains; hatpins; stick pins; inlaying for musical instruments, etc. The chief ma- terials used in the manufacture of these articles are bone, horn, ivory, mother-of-pearl, tortoise shell, and amber, together with imitations of these materials. The classifi- cation was "ivory and bone work" from 1879 to 1904, inclusive. General statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. MISCELLANEOUS INDXJSTBIES. 247 In addition to the products covered by the table, ivory, shell, and bone work to the value o£ $250,608 was reported by establishments assigned to other classifications. Articles similar in character, but for which separate values were not reported, were manufactured by establishments classified as "fancy articles, not elsewhere speci- fied." The decrease in value of products from 1904 to 1909 is only apparent. Many important establishments making horn, celluloid, and other combs and hairpins were classified at the census of 1909 under "combs and hairpins," whereas at the census of 1904 they were included with "ivory and bone work." COMBS AND HAIB.FIITS, KOT MADE FROM METAL OR RUBBER. Combs and hairpins for dressing or ornamenting the hair are the principal products of establishments in this classification. Among the materials of which these combs and hairpins are made are fiber, bone, horn, tortoise shell, celluloid, and ivory. Novelties for ladies' headdress, barrettes, hair-puff pins, hair ornaments, and comb mountings are included. The statistics for the manufacture of hairpins and of combs were com- bined for 1909. For prior years the figures are for combs only, the production of hairpins being included in other classifications. The statistics for 1914 do not include figures for rubber combs and hairpins or for metal hairpins. The former are included with "rubber goods, not elsewhere specified," and the latter with "needles, pins, and hooks and eyes." It seems probable that many of the comb manufacturers in 1869 and 1879, especially those making combs of rubber, were included in classifications other than "combs," such as "India rubber and elastic goods," "ivory work," and "celluloid and celluloid goods." This may account for a part of the decline in value of products between 1859 and 1869, the decline being pa,rticularly large in Connecticut, where the manu- facture of rubber goods is a leading industry. Changef of fashion in hairdressing and hair ornamentation have also had an effect upon the comb and hairpin industry. Owing to the overlapping of this industry with others, there is doubt as to the com- parability of any of the figures relating to, it in Table 223. Combs and hairpins were manufactured to some extent in establishments reported under "fancy articles, not elsewhere specified," and ^' ivory, shell, and bone work, not including combs and hairpins," but separate values were not reported for these articles, and it is, there- fore, impossible to indicate the extent of overlapping in the products of the three industries. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, CHEMICAL. Chemical engines, separate or in combination with hose wagons or with ordinary fire engines, portable and stationary fire extinguishers operated with chemicals, dry or liquid chemicals for fire extinguishing, and hand grenades are the principal prod- ucts of establishments under this classification. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, chemical fire extinguishers to the value of $404,364 in 1914 and of $56,572 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the industries, "automobiles," "copper, tin, and sheet-iron work," and others. FIREWORKS. Display fireworks of all kinds are the principal manufactures of establishments in this classification. Among specific products are air torpedoes, bombs, mines, set pieces, shells, wheels, torches, rockets, colored fire, lances, electric sparklers, fire- crackers, paper balloons, and roman candles. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914 are given in Table 223. The manufacture of explosives, which was included with that of fireworks in 1879, has been placed in a separate classifica- tion at subsequent censuses. The decrease for the decade 1879-1889, thereforoi is apparent only. FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. The various articles necessary to metal casting are the principal products of estab- lishments in this classification. They include mixed sand and bituminous coal facings; dry sand and loam facings; plumbago and sea-coal facings; the soapstone and charcoal facings used to keep the metal from contact with the molding sand; the "parting," composed of clay and hydrocarbons and used to prevent the mold halves from adher- ing; brass flux; brazing compounds; brush wheels; core oil, core flour, and core com- pound; flasks, sieves, brushes, rammers, ladles, pipe blacking, cement filler, etc.; and foundry flour, plumbago, soapstone, and welding compounds. It is probable that some foundries make their own facings and other supplies. If so, these are not generally reported separately. The industry was fifst reported separately at the census of 1859, as " foundry facings." Seven establishments in that year employed 30 wage earners, to whom they paid $12,900 in wages. The cost of materials wa s .f44.896 and the va.lup of nrnHiipta .tin.'i^Qlsn The business was included 248 CENSUS OP MANUFACTtrBES : 1914. in other classifications in 1869. Table 223 gives statistics for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, foundry supplies to the value of $78,992 were reported for 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries. FUEL, MANtrFACTTjaED. Briquettes made of bituminous coal and anthracite dust mixed with tar and pitch as a binder; briquettes of crude carbon, a by-product of oil-gas generators; coalette; carriage-heater coal composed of charcoal, pitch, tar, and soda; and smudge fuel, a composition of crude oil and shavings, are the principal products of establishments in this industry. This classification first appeared at the census of 1879, when one establishment reported 70 wage earners and products valued at $102,000. For 1889 two establishments were reported, but no separate statistics coiild be shown. Table 223 presents statistics for the censuses of 1909 and 1914. According to the annual report of the United States Geological Survey the production of briquetted fuel in 1914 amounted to 250,635 tons of 2,000 pounds, valued at $1,154,678. FTJB, GOODS. Establishments in this classification manufacture principally ladies', misses', and children's fur sets and furs, including boas, capes, collars and collarettes, muffs, scarfs, shawls and stoles, fur coats and cloaks, fur and fur-lined overcoats, other_ fur garments, i\3X robes, and fur hats, caps, gloves, and mittens. Various other minor products were reported, including bands, rugs, tippets, heads, tails, and paws. The principal kinds of fur skins used are bear; caracal; coney; ermine; fox; hare; lynx; marmot; marten; mink; muskriit; beaver; rabbit; Chinese weasel; wildcat; rat; nutria; opossum; otter; raccoon; sable; seal (Alaska and hair); skunk; squirrel; Angora and Chinese goat; Bulgarian, Chinese, and Persian lamb; calf; dog; horse; kangaroo; kid; Russian pony; sheep; and wolf. The furs used as material are sometimes purchased in a dressed condition, but in a number of instances the establishments tan and dress the skins, thus overlapping with the dressed-furs industry. Table 223 presents statistics for the industry for the census years from 1889 to 1914, inclusive. At the census of, 1859, 95 establishments were reported under "furs," and for 1849, 49 under "furriers." No classification approaching "fur goods" appeared either in 1879 or 1869, and such establishments as are now included m this class were probably classed with "clothing, men's," "clothing, women's," or "furs, dressed." In addition to the products covered by the table, fur goods to the value of $813,550 in 1914 and of $532,781 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of men's clothing, women's clothing, horse clothing, millinery and lace goods, leather gloves and mittens, etc. FURS, DKESSED. The preparation of fur skins is the chief business of establishments in this classifi- cation; it involves the scraping, currying and tanning, and bleaching and dyeing of the pelts. Hatters' fur, dressed hair, and bristles are also reported as jjroducts. Sheepskins with the wool on and horse and cattle hides are tanned and fiiushed by some establishments. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. As already stated, some establishments in the fur-goods industry dress their own furs, but these did not report separately the value of such work. The value of products reported for 1869 and 1879 probably covered the output of some establishments manufacturing fur goods which dressed their own materials. In addition to the products covered by the table, dressed furs to the value of $8,850 were reported for 1914 by estabUshments assigned to other classifications, principally women's clothing. GRAPHITE, GROUND AND REFINED. The refining of graphite, sometimes known also as plumbago or black lead, which is used in making lead pencils, refractory crucibles, lubricants, stove blacking, paint, and foundry facings, is the chief business of establishments in this classification. As a rule, graphite milling or extraction from the ore, unless done at the mine, is also here included. Graphite made by electrical processes, graphitized carbon, and graphite greases are among the products, as well as graphite and carbon from petroleum- coke, retort carbon, liquid graphite, paste, semipaste, and pipe-joint paste. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The decrease from 1879 to 1889 was due doubtless to the inclusion in 1879 of the product of a graphite-coal mine in Massachusetts. The mineral was used in the reduction of high-grade iron ore. The great apparent increase from 1904 to 1909 was due largely to changes in the classification of individual estabUshments. Much of MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTEIES. 249 tlie refining is that of imported graphite. There is some overlapping between this industry and the manufacture of foundry supplies, crucibles, and lead pencils, graphite made for sale to the value of $687,217 being reported for 1914 by these manufacturers. HAIR WORK. Establishments in this classification clean, bleach, curl, and otherwise prepare human hair, including that of Chinese and Japanese, mohair, and yak, horse, camel, and other hairs, and manufacture them into articles of adornment. The products include ornamental hair work, puffs, rats, refined yak hair, rolls, theatrical and other wigs, toupees, transformations, foundations, switches, fronts, braids, beards, bangs, turbans and turban pads, waves, and wavy hair for switches and wigs. Table 223 presents comparable statistics for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. Prior to 1899 the returns included small local establishments manufacturing chiefly to individual order In addition to the products covered by the table, hair work to the value of $11,615 was reported for 1914 by establishments assigned to other indus- tries, principally millinery and lace goods. HAND STAMPS AND STENCILS AND BRANDS. These classifications include, respectively, establishments manufacturing hand stamps and those manufacturing stencils and brands. Separate statistics for the two industries are given in Table 223, but there is so great an overlapping in the products that the combined figures are shown in Table 163. Establishments assigned to "hand stamps'' reported stencils and brands to the value of $175,645, and manufacturers of stencils and brands made hand stamps to the value of $103,242. Table 163 HAND STAMPS AND STENCILS AND BRANDS. CENSUS YEAR. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Pri- mary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1914 384 361 327 360 340 150 1,767 1,651 1,506 1,470 1,062 468 1,384 903 721 462 149 (') It3,136 2,439 1,915 1,736 1,444 328 SI, 149 952 797 696 554 223 $1,425 1,127 737 663 600 248 $4,486 3,673 2,811 2,611 2,316 791 $3,061 1909 2,546 1904 2,074 1899 1,948 1889 1,716 1879 543 1 Figures not available. Hand stamps. — The establishments included in this classification manufacture principally rubber and metal stamps, dies, seals, and presses, steel letters and figures, door and name plates, metal badges and checks, check protectors, time stamps, numbering machines, rubber tjrpe, copper and brass stamps for marking textiles, and steel shoe stamps. General statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, hand stamps to the value of $229,754 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "stencils and brands^" and "printing, job." Stencils and brands. — Establishments in this industry manufacture principally stencils of metal, cardboard, or other material, for use in painting and marking or in addressing machines; and branding irons or irons to be heated and used in marking casks, boxes, articles of merchandise; etc. Stencil cutters and punchers are also reported as subsidiary products. Statistics for the census of 1859 and for each subse- quent census except that of 1869 are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, stencils and brands to the value of $231,372 were reported in 1914 by .establishments assigned to other classifications, such as "hand stamps," "engraving and diesinking," "printing, job," and "regalia and society badges and HAT AND CAP MATERIALS. Many articles used by manufacturers of hats and caps are made by establishments in this classification. The products include blown and kettle fur of the hare, mink, muskrat, nutria, and rabbit; hat bindings, clasps, sweatbands, trimmings, and wires; fur roundings cut from old fur-felt hats and ground for felt; fur prepared from fur- 250 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. garment manufactxirers' waste; tip printing; satin linings; paper cap fronts and hat brims; visors; japanned visors; crimping and stitching; cloth coated in imitation of leather; coated or waterproof paper; gold-leaf work on.hat bands; mourning bands; motormen's bands, etc. Other important materials used in making hats and caps, such as cloth, leather, and dressed fur, are not covered by this classification. Star tistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The depreciated currency of 1869, which increased nominal values by about one-fifth, is almost wholly responsible for the apparent decrease in value of products from 1869 to 1879. In addition to the products covered by the table, hat and cap materials to the value of $110,206 in 1914 and of $50,535 in 1909, were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally fur-felt hats, straw hats, labels and tags, leather goods, and paper boxes and cartons. HATS, STRAW. The establishments in this classification manufacture principally machine-made and hand-made straw hats for men, women, and children, from various kinds of braided straw; they also bleach, shape, and finish Panama hats. In some estabUsh- ments hat bodies only are made, the fliiishlng being done by others, so that there is some duplication in the gross value of products of the industry. Statistics for "hats, straw, " were not shown separately prior to 1904. (See Table 223.) In addition to the products covered by the table, straw hats to the value of $2,474,553 in 1914 and of $1,271,973 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, such as "millinery and lace goods," "trimmed hats and hat frames," "hats, fur-felt," "hats and caps, other than felt, straw and wool," "fur goods," etc. Table 51 gives the combined statistics for the various hat and cap industries. HOtrSE-FURNISHING GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. Miscellaneous articles for household use are the principal products of establish- ments in this classification. Table 156 gives separate figures for five groups of estab- lishments, namely, those manufacturing (1) comforts and quilts; (2) feather pillows, beds, bolsters, and down, cushions; (3) cotton batting, wadding, and bolts; (4) mops and dusters; and (5) all other, such as art needlework, baby-caniage robes, casseroles, chafing dishes, coffee and tea percolators, copper hollow ware, table mats and pads, kitchen equipment, paper limng for carpets, cushion tops, decorated leather, desk sets, portieres, draperies, tapestry, hassocks, interior decorations, lambrequins, laun- dry bags, mattress covers and protectors, mop wringers, mosquito canopies, novelty bags, novelties for lamps and oil stoves, piano covers and scarfs, pillow covers, reno- vated feathers and down, sheets, slip covers, stair padding, stamped Unen and other cloths for various uses, stamped novelties, water coolers and purifiers, fly swatters, flycatchers, carpet beaters, clotheslines, air cushions, pincushions, cork and floss cushions, . and many others. There is much overlapping between this and other industries. Comforts and quilts to the value of $427,652, feather pillows and beds to the value of $1,229,399, cotton batting to the value of $1,143,550, mops and dusters to the value of $1,156,066, and "all other "house-furnishing goods to the value of $707,438 were re- ported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries, These values are not included in the table. General statistics for the industry are presented in Table 223 for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. ICE, MANTTFACTURED. Ice produced artificially, generally by the evaporation of liquefied ammonia, is the product of establishments under this classification. Can ice is made in metal cans placed in tanks containing chilled brine, and plate ice in tanks having parallel hollow partitions through which the refrigerating fluid runs, the water solidifying in plates on the outer surfaces of the partitions. The statistics represent the production of ice for sale by establishments classified in this industry, but breweries, creameries, and meat-packing establishments often manufacture ice for sale as well as for their own use. General statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the ceiisus years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. The following table shows the quantities and cost of the ammonia used and the quantities and values of ice produced for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899: MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 251 Tablo 164: ICE, MANUFACTURED. 1914 1909 1904 1899 MATEKIAla. $1,528,976 $1,021,913 8013, 138 $359,649 Compressor system— Anhiydi'ous — PoTITlflR 4,696,699 $1,235,047 709, 218 $186, 149 1,927,664 $107. 779 « $60, 386, 267 3,097,191 $826,222 369,093 $100,283 1,670,698 $95,408 2 $42, 953, 055 1 1, 944, 266 1 $493, 524 136, 604 $37,606 1,347,561 $82, 108 2 $23, 790, 045 946, 666 Cost $249, 838 Absorption system— Anhydrous— 109, 869 Cost $29,842 Aqua- 1,323,454 Cost $79, 869 PRODUCTS. Total value » $13, 874, 513 Ice: Tons (2,000 pounds) 18,324,691 855,258,327 17,145,699 $52, 150, 488 1,179,092 $3,107,839 $5,127,940 12,647,949 $39,889,263 11,671,647 $37,085,533 976,402 $2,803,730 $3, 063, 792 7,199,448 $22,460,503 6, 695, 789 $21,020,647 603, 659 $1,429,956 $1,339,542 4, 294, 439 Value $13, 303, 874 Can— Tons (2,000 pounds) 4, 139, 764 Value - . . $12,863,160 Plate- 154, 675 $440, 714 $570,6.39 1 Includes 148,373 pounds of aqua ammonia, costing $8,755. » 2 In addition, in 1914, 634 estawishments engaged primarily in the manutactine of products other than ice made 2,718,372 tons of ice, valued at $6,934,086; in 1909, 338 similar eatablishments made 1,682,269 tons, valued at $4,249,790; and in 1904, 163 such establishments made 814,689 tons, valued at $1,899,912. 3 Includes, for purposes of comparison, products valued at $93,635, not included in the general tables. mSTKTJUENTS, PROFESSIONAL AND SCIENTII'IC. EatablishmentB in this classification manufacture all kinds of anthropometrical, as- tronomical, physiological, chemical, and physical apparatus for educational and com- mercial purposes; engineering, surveying, and nautical instruments; and optical, surgical, dental, orthopedic, and veterinary instruments. The products include, among others, aseptic hospital furniture; auriphones; automobile speed indicators and odometers; barometers; Bunsen burners; coal-teating apparatus; combustion furnaces; dental mirrors, dental-engine equipments, and other dental appliances; drafting in- struments; embalming instruments; engineer transits and levels; eye, ear, and nose instruments; gauge dials; glass syringes; head mirrors; high-frequency vacuum elec- trodes; hydrometers; hypodermic syringes and needles; marine compasses, binnacles, and binnacle lamps; mercury testing columns; micrometers and imcrometer gauges; opthalmoscopes; optical projection apparatus; oven indicators; oxygenators; peri- meters; pitometersand photopitometers; platinum burner points, needles, etc. ; prisms; pulmotors; pyrometers; range-finder telescopes; rifle telescopes; retinascopes; speed indicators (for machinery); saccharometers: spectroscopes; telescopes; textile inicro- scopes (thread-counting instruments); thermometers; throat mirrors; vulcanizers; ■weights and measures; and wind gauges. Table 156 gives separate statistics for those establishments whose products of chief value were medical and surgical instruments; for those making optical instruments; and for those manufacturing all other instru- ments which include those for scientific, educational, and commercial purposes. In addition to the products covered by the table, medical and surgical instruments to the value of $160,066, optical instruments to the value of $9,216, and 'all other" to the value of $1,772,307, making a total of $1,941,589, m 1914 as compared with $299,149 in 1909, were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, prin- cipally dental and optical goods. . • oi 1,1 ooo f il, t ^OAn General statistics for the industry are given m Table 223 for the censuses from 1849 to 1914 inclusive There are so many classifications to which estabhshmentg making articles' similar to those manufactured by the establishments here included may be assigned that the decrease in value of products for the decade ending in 1879 can eaMly be attributed to a change in the classification of certain estabhshments. 252 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. JAPANNING. Most of the work done by establishments in this classification consists of the japan- ning and decorating of sheet metals, castings, sewing-machine parts, automobile parts, tags, zinc for shoe-lace tips, wood, brass beds, gas and electric fixtures, jewelry, paper, cloth, and canvas. The work is usually done under contract, the principal materials being generally furnished by others. A few establishments reported the manufac- ture of japanned tinware, lacquered tin, and varnished cloth. General statistics for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. For 1909 and 1914 establishments manufacturing lacquered and lithographed tin boxes were included under "boxes, fancy and paper," instead of under "japanning," as in 1904. This difference of classification accounts for the decrease shown. In addition to the products covered by the table, japanning to the value of $402,533 was reported for 1914 by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "stamped and enameled ware, not elsewhere specified," "tinware, not elsewhere specified," "copper, tin, and sheet-iron work," and "jewelry." JEWELRY AND INSTRITMENT CASES. Establishments in this classification manufacture principally leather, metal, and wooden boxes, cases, bags, and trays, lined with plush, satin, silk, cotton, etc., and in some cases covered with satin, silk, velvet, and other cloths. They are intended for containing such articles as cigarettes, combs, compasses, cutlery, instruments of all kinds, jewelry, eyeglasses, razors, articles for religious use, pipes, fountain pens, sta- tionery articles, novelties, toilet sets, scissors, files, and silverware. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914 are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, jewelry and instrument cases to the value of $115,368 in 1914 and of $215,571 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the industries "boxes, fancy and paper, " and "lumber, planing- mill products, not including planing mills connected with sawmills." It is probable that establishments, assigned to other industries also manufactured jewelry and instrument cases but did not report separate values for them. Because of the overlapping between this industry and others, comparisons of the returns for different censuses are of doubtful significance. LAPIDAKY WORK. The cutting and polishing of coral, diamonds, sapphires, rubies, emeralds, opals, tourmaline, topaz, chalcedony, amethyst, onyx, beryl, garnet, spodumene, shell cameos, and other precious and semiprecious stones, and the drilling of pearls are the operations reported by the establishments in this classification. In many cases this work is done for jewelry concerns which furnish the material. Recutting and setting are also done largely for the trade. In addition, jewels are prepared for surveyors' and electrical instruments and for watches and chronometers, and real and imitation stones for emblems. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclu- sive, are given in Table 223. It is probable that some jewelry manufacturers cut stones for their own use without reporting the value of such lapidary work separately, and diamond cuttiag may not have been included under this classification pnor to the census of 1899. MATTRESSES AND SPRING BEDS. The manufacture of quilted or otherwise fastened mattresses filled with cotton, curled hair, excelsior, feathers, felt, fiber, leather tufts, shoddy, tow, husk, etc., and the fabrication of wire springs, either plain or woven, for use on beds, couches, and cots, are the principal lines of industry followed by establishments in this classifica- tion. Spiral springs and spring cushions for hospital use, and renovated mattresses, feather pillows, beds and cots, were also reported. Statistics for the industry for each census year from 1879 to 1914 are given in Table 223. At the census of 1859, under "beds, spring," 15 establishments were reported, with products valued at $313,300, and under "mattresses and beds," 36, with products valued at $104,499. At the census of 1869 the manufacture of "mattresses and spring beds" was not reported separately. In addition to the products covered by the table, mattresses and spring beds to the value of $3,342,390 in 1914 and of $1,408,649 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of furniture, house-furnishing goods, upholster- ing materials, and other products. MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 253 MODELS AND PATTERNS, NOT INCLUDING PAPER PATTERNS. Establishments in this classification manufacture principally patterns or models for making matrices or cavities into vsrhich molten lead is poured for casting; but also produce both miniature and full-sized representations of the castings or other objects to be made, and forms on which to display textiles, hair work, or other goods, etc. These products are made for the most part of various metals — including aluminum, spelter, and lead — papier-mach^, plaster, rubber, wax, and wood. Table 223 presents general statistics for the industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, models and patterns to the value of $351,391 in 1914 and of $401,683 in 1909 were reported by estabHshments assigned to other industries, principally "foundry and machine-shop products," "glass," "brass, bronze, and copper products," "furniture," and "iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills." MtrCILAGE AND PASTE. Sticking and gumming preparations, made for the most part of gum arabic, dextrin, glue, or other adhesive matenals, or of flour and water boiled and sometimes strength- ened with starch, and various kinds of adhesive cements (rubber, leather, asbestos, vulcanizing, elastic, and roofing) are the principal products of establishments in this classification. Among products not clearly indicated by this description are sealing wax and compounds of various sorts, pneumatic-tire fillers, and sizing. The manufac- ture of glue is not included. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. It is probable that the decrease in value of products for the decade ending in 1879 was due to changes in the classification of individual establishments. In addition to the products covered by the table, mucilage and paste to the value of $853,471 in 1914 and of $659,736 in 1909 were reported by estabhshments assigned to other classifications, principally writing ink, food preparations, and glue. UtrSICAL INSTRTTUENTS AND MATERIALS. This group includes statistics for five classes of establishments engaged in the manu- facture of pianos; organs; piano and organ materials; metal and stringed instruments and materials; and phonographs, graphophones, and talking machines. Table 223 presents separate statistics for each of the five industries, and the following table gives combined figures for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive: TaDle 166 CENSUS YEAR. Number of estab- lish- ments. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS. earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Ifcxpressed in thousands. 1914. . 1909., 1904.. 1899.. 1889 > 1879- . 1869 3 1859.. 1849.. 737 712 639 630 674 429 337 243 204 48, 768 45,041 38,617 24,981 18,096 11,350 7,167 4,758 2,331 57,902 49,417 34, 259 23,288 11, 788 2,018 ^] $168,618 $30,856 $49,324 $119,689 120, 895 26,594 47, 764 104, 744 80,966 21,373 33,278 79, 811 51,054 13,383 19,404 46,665 29,650 11, 649 14,436 36,868 14,447 7,099 8,361 19, 255 9,555 5, 107 4,835 13,906 4,623 2,530 2,325 6,968 1,546 1,055 698 2,681 $70, 366 66,990 46, 533 27,261 22, 432 10, 894 9,071 4,643 1,883 1 Exclusive of two establishments reported under "all other industries" in 1889. 2 Figures not available. a "Musical instruments, not specified.'' Pianos and organs. — -General statistics for the manufacture of each of these two classes of musical instruments are presented in Table 223 for 1859 and for the census years from 1904 to 1914, inclusive. The table follawing presents statistics for the number and value of organs and pianos manufactured during 1914, 1909, and 1904. 254 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Tat)ie 166 PIANOS AND ORGANS. 1914 1909 1904 $69,072,383 2 $70, 056, 223 $62,964,315 Pianos: . 326,274 $56,311,863 227,686 $31,431,382 88,078 $20,265,514 9,679 $4,201,302 831 $413,666 6,493 $854, 774 42,806 $6,378,312 2,273 $4,660,301 40,533 $1,718,011 $833,357 $2,913,197 $1,780,880 364,545 $58,493,846 321,309 $45,180,176 34,495 $9,276,001 8,720 $4,009,769 21 $28,900 10,898 $1,474,630 65,335 $5,309,016 1,224 $2,713,587 64, 111 $2,595,429 $216,160 $2,442,611 $2,119,970 261, 197 Value $41,497,789 Upright— Without player attachments- 251,957 Value '$37,418,984 For or with player attachments — 1,868 Value $417,382 Grand— Without player attachments- Value 7,372 $3,661,423 For or with player attachments- Player attachments made separate— 20,391 Value $2,004,266 Organs: 113,966 Value $6,625,319 901 Value $1,989,979 Reed- 113,065 Value < $4, 636, 340 Perforated music rolls, value 1 [■ $2,836,941 1 la addition, pianos, organs, parts and materials to tlie value ot $750,845 in 1914, $680,188 in 1909, and '" ""' " " ■■ ^ --^-^"-^ ^- -. - -' ily in other industries. because certain establishments revised $149J14 in 1904 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in other industries, 2 Figures do not agree with the general statistics in Table 223 ' '"'" — ^-n-i-- their reports. " Includes $21,310, the value of square pianos. ' Includes $473,287, the value of street and self-playing organs. Piano and organ materials. — Establishments in this classification make various parts used in the manufacture of pianos, organs, and players. These include piano strings, plates, keys, actions, keyboards, cases, back frames, pedal attachments, hammers, sounding boards, legs, trusses, etc.; organ reeds and reed boards, pipes, pipe-organ actions, pipe feet, stops, knobs, stems and tablets, keyboards, pedals and pumping pedals, reed poles, and tremulos; piano and organ hardware, etc. Table 156 shows separate statistics for those establishments whose product of chief value was piano materials and for those engaged primarily in the manufacture of organ materials. Piano materials to the value of $496,900 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally billiard tables and materials, and needles, pins, and hooks and eyes. General statistics for the industry for the census years from 1904 to 1914 are given in Table 223. Prior to 1904 piano materials were included with pianos, and organ materials with organs. Phonographs and graphophones. — Mechanical devices, by whatever names known, for registering and reproducing speech, music, and other sound, axe the principal products of establishments in this classification. Records, blanks, horns, needles, matrices, multiplex attachments, and other supplies are also among the products. The statistics for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899 — the only censuses for which separate figures are shown — are given in Table 223. Two establishments were reported at the census of 1889, one from Connecticut and one from New York; they were included under "All other industries." The following table presents statistics for the number and value of phonographs, graphophones, and talking machines, for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899: MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 255 Tatole 167 PHONOGRAPHS AND GRAPHOPHONES. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1 $27,115, 916 1 $11,725,996 $10,237,075 $2,246,274 Phonogiaphs, graphophones, and talk- ing macnines (iucluding office dicta- tion instniments): Number 515,154 ((15,290,491 27,221,290 $11,111,418 $366,935 $357,072 344,681 $6,406,684 27,183,959 $6,007,104 $844,631 $467,577 $2,966,343 $4,678,547 m $2,592,185 151,403 $1,240,603 2,763,277 $639, 370 Records and blanks: Number Parts, materials, and supplies, value. . . $466, 401 1 In addition, in 1914, phonograph and graphophonB parts and materials valued at $66,631, and in 1909 records and parts valued at $31,899 were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by this industry designation. 2 Not reported. Musical instruments and materials, not specified. — ^Various kinds of wind, per- cussive, and stringed musical instruments and materials therefor are the principal products of establishments in this classification. The instruments include, among others, accordions; banjos; bones; bugles; castanets; concertinas and parts; cornets, trombones, tubas, and other brass instruments for band and orchestral use; cym- bals; drums, bass and snare, and drummers' traps and accessories; dulcimers; fifes, flageolets, flutes, and piccolos; guitars; harps; jew's-harps; lutes; lyres; mandolins; mechanical musical instruments; musical bells; sonnettes of wood and metal; ukuleles; tambourines; tympanies; violins, violoncellos, ajad all other instruments of the violin type; xylophones and accessories; and zithers. Parts of these instruments, such as stnngs (including also strings for tennis rackets), drumheads, violin bows and bridges, etc., are also produced for sal,e as such direct to musicians or to manufacturers of com- plete instruments. There is thus some duplication within the industry. Music racks, cardboard music, and other accessories were also reported. Table 156 gives separate statistics for establishments manufacturing as their products of chief value (1) brass and other metal instruments; (2) violins and other stringed instruments; and (3) all other instruments, not specified. General statistics for the industry are given in Table 223 for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, musical instruments to the value of $352,204 in 1914 and of $72,434 in 1909, were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "foundry and machine-shop products." OPTICAL GOODS. The establishments in this classification are those of manufacturing opticians. While some of them make complete spectacles and eyeglasses of various kinds, the manufacture is generally divided between the grinding of the lenses in certain plants and the production of the frames in others. Artificial human eyes and glass eyes for furriers' and taxidermists' trade are also manufactured. Other products include automatic eyeglass holders, automobile eye protectors, eye shields and shades, field glasses, goggles, microscopes, opera glasses, optometers, photographic lenses and shutters, rough slabs for eyeglasses, springs and clips, stereopticons, stereoscopes, and eye-testing sets. There is considerable overlapping between this industry and "jew- elry," "instruments, professional and scientific," "photographic apparatus," and ' ' photographic materials. ' ' Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914 are given in Table 223 At the census of 1859 one establishment was reported under "artificial eyes," with products valued at $6,000. Two wage earners were employed, receiving $1,800 in wages, and the cost of materials was $590. In addition to the products covered by the table, optical goods to the value of $199,416 in 1914 and of $307,771 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally jewelry and instruments cases, combs and hairpins, and jewe ry. paving mateeials. All kinds of paving blocks and paving materials, mixed and unmixed, for streets or floors are produced by establishments in this classification. The blocks are made of asphalt bitumenized brick, cedar, hardwood, creosoted wood, bluestone, cement, concrete rubble stone, granite, and limestone. The unmixed paving materials 256 CENSUS OP manufactures: 1914. reported include crushed furnace slag, granite, sandstone, and limestone; distillates; dry natural asphalt; pitch; tar; coal-tar oil; flux; screenings; macadam; riffraff; and ballast. The mixtures include artificial asphalt, asphalt paving mixture for top coat and hinder, bituminous and other cements, liquid asphalt, and tar concrete. The statistics for the industry at the census of 1889 included street con- struction work, and are therefore not comparable with the figures given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by Table 223, paving materials to the value of $2,741,194 in 1914 and $94,359 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "lime," "roofing materials," "brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products," "marble and stone work," "cement," and "wood preserving." PENCILS, LEAD. Graphite is the principal material used in the manufacture of pencils by the estab- lishments in this classification. Crayons and indelible pencils are reported, as well as the ordinary writing and drawing pencils. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. PENS, FOUNTAIN AND STTLOGEAPHIC. Establishments included in this industry manufacture principally complete foun- tain pens. A few reported stylographic pens and ink pencils, either as their sole product or in addition to the ordinary fountain pens. Some manufacture gold and plated pen points for their own use and for separate sale. Other establishments make exclusively the rubber holders and other parts, including mountings in gold, silver, and plate. Table 223 gives statistics for the industry for the census years from 1889 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, fountain and stylographic pens to the value of $167,967 were reported for 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally lead pencils, gold pens, rubber goods, and jewelry. Table 76 presents statistics tor fountain and stylographic, steel, and gold pens. PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS. In Table 156 which presents statistics for this industry the establishments are classified in three groups, according to their products of chief value: (1) Those manufacturing cameras of all kinds; (2) tliose making motion-picture machines; and (3) those manu- facturing blue-printing machines, flash-light apparatus, tripods, film rewinders and reels, plate holders, developing tanks, shutters, and other parts for sale as such. In addition to the products covered by the table, photographic apparatus to the value of $685,949 was reported by establishments assigned to other classifications. Of this amount, $73,602 represented the value of motion-picture machines. Com- parable statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The apparent decrease in value of products between 1904 and 1909 is due to changes in the classification of individual establishments. The most important change was in the case of one large establishment in New York state, which in 1909 was placed wholly under "photographic materials," while at the census of 1904 its business was in part assigned to "photographic apparatus." The decrease from 1869 to 1879 may perhaps be accounted for both by changes in classification and by the depreciated currency in which values were reported for the former census. PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS. Sensitized products, chemicals for photographic use,' and other photographic sup" plies are the principal products of establishments in this industry. These include, among others, sensitized paper and cloth of many varieties, sensitized cards and novelties, developing and other chemicals, dry plates, photographic mounts and frames, films, flash-light materials, lantern and stereopticon slides, sensitized ferro- type plates, and sheet gelatin. Table 156 gives separate figures for those establish- ments making motion-pictiu-e films (not exposed) and for those making other photo- graphic materials. In addition to the products covered by the table, photographic materials to the value of $114,751 were reported in 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications. No census statistics for the industry were shown for 1869. Table 223 gives the general statistics for the census of 1859 and for each census from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. PIPES, TOBACCO. A great variety of pipes are made by establishments in this Industry. The materials for the pipe bowls include apple and brier wood, clay, corncobs, dogwood, hazel wood, hickory, meerschaum, and rosewood; those for the stems include various woods, MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 257 reeds, rubber, and compositiou; aud those for tie bits or mouthpieces include amber, black composition, bone, celluloid, horn, ivory, meerschaum, rubber, wood, etc. Ugar and cigarette holders are also reported. Statistics for the industry are presented in rable 223 for the census years 1869 to 1914, inclusive. nnJ? addition to the products covered by the table, pipes to the value of $2,500 in 1914 and of $3,880 in 1909 were reported as subsidiary products by tobacco manu- facturers. PULP, FROM FIBER OTHER THAN WOOD. Only three establishments— one in Connecticut, one in Michigan, aud one in Ohio— reported the product covered by this classification, pulp from rags Separate figures can not be shown for the industry. (See "All other industries/' Table 156.) ROOFING MATERIALS. Waterproof substances for use upon roofs are the principal products of establish- ments in this classification. Table 156 gives separate statistics (1) for metal shingles and ceilings, and (2) for all other roofing materials, which embrace asbestos shingles and sheets, asphalt, asphalt paint and shingles, various kinds of roofing and building paper, roofing cement, crushed furnace slag, plaster board of paper aud stucco, cement roofing tile, purified pine tar, tarred and other saturated felts, shingle stains, water- proofed cotton duck, tarpaulins, mastic, and roofing pitch. The work of placing these materials npon roofs, being a building rather than a manufacturing process, is not included. The figures for 1889 covered such construction work and, therefore, are not comparable. (See Table 223.) There is considerable overlapping between this and other industries, roofing mate- rials to the value of $5,210,372 m 1914 and to the value of $3,019,842 in 1909 beir^ reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products. The larger portions of these amounts were returned by manufacturers of paper and wood pulp, although establishments making chemicals, steam packing, and paving materials as their chief products were also represented. Prior to 1909 this classification included establishments making roofing slate; but such establishments, which reported products to the value of $5,913,909 in 1914 and of $1,899,747 in 1909, are now classified under "marble and stone work." RUBBER GOODS. The manufacture of rubber goods is covered by three classifications: "Belting and hose, rubber," "boots and shoes, rubber," and "rubber goods, not elsewhere speci- fied." Table 168 gives statistics of quantities and values for the three industries for 1914. Data in similar detail were not secured at prior censuses. In 1909 the total production of rubber goods was valued at $197,394,638. The increase in value of products during the five-year period, therefore, was $103,599,158, or 52.5 per cent. Tatole 168 PRODUCT. Quantity and value. PRODUCT. Quantity and value. Total value 1 $300,993,796 Tires— Continued. Mptorcycle and bicycle (includ- Boots: 4,024,486 $12,647,934 57,211,728 $37,858,222 8,021,371 $105,678,951 7,907,351 $20,101,084 $13,735,681 3,728,138 $6,905,863 $7,989,405 $16,853,693 33,607,651 $6,799,515 $7,511,765 Value HosOj value Value Automobile- Casings— Druggist's' and stationers' sundries, value. - - - . All other manufactures oJ rubber, value Value $40,133,250 $1,250,836 Inner tubes — Scrap and old rubber (sold or on Value Reclaimed rubber (sold or on band), value $11,134,958 $8,885,008 All other products, value. . . 1 In addition, products to the value of $752,503 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications. 67031°— 17- -17 258 CEisrsus of manupactubes : 1914. Boots and shoes, rubber.— All kinds of rubber footwear for men, women, and children are made by establishments in this classification. Ijeather-soled rubber boots and rubber heels are also reported. General statistics for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. The lai^e decrease in valueof products from 1904 to 1909 is due in part to the fact that some establishments reported list-price values at the census of 1904._ For detail statisticssee Table 168. Belting and hose, rubber. — The chief products of establishments in this industry are fire, garden^ and other hose and machinery belting made of rubber. In many insta,nces factories assigned to this industry also reported other rubber articles, such as tiUug, mats, matting, and tubing. Table 223 gives general statistics for the cen- suses from 1889 to 1914, inclusive. Table 156 gives separate statistics for the estab- Ushments whose product of chief value was belting, and for those whose chief product was hose. Rubber goods, not elswhere specified. — Establishments in this classification manu- facture a great variety of articles from india rubber. These embrace solid tires and pneumatic casings and inner tubes for automobiles; tires for carriages, bicycles, and motorcycles; tire reenforcements and accessories; hard and soft rubber goods; and rubberized cloth and clothing. In detail, the list includes automobile-top material; air ciishions and mattresses; rubber bands; bath brushes; bumpers; card cloth; carriage cloth; collars, cuffs, etc.; rubber-covered wire; diaphragms; disks; dip-rubber goods, including gloves, finger stalls, balloons, and other specialties; doormats; dress sMelds; ear cushions; erasers; fountain-pen fillers; friction cloth; horseshoe pads; gaskets; hard- rubber bowling balls; hard-rubber razor handles; hospital sheeting; house balls; insulating paint and tape; fruit-jar rings; nursing bottles and nipples; oil-well caps; rubber Umngs; sheet rubber; shoe soles; specialties for plumbers, and for the drug, suigical, and dental trade; stopples; rubber thread; toys; water bottles; and many other products. Table 223 gives statistics for 1914 and 1909. The statistics for 1904 and prior census years cover elastic woven goods, and are therefore not comparable with those for 1909 and 1914. SAISTD AND EMERY PAPER AND CLOTH. The coating of paper and of cotton twills, drills, duck, and other cloth with abra^ sives is the principal business of establishments in this classification. The abrasives employed include adamite, carbonmdum, corundum, emery, flint, garnet, and cjuartz; and glue is used to fasten them to the various bases used. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. Changes in classification account for the decrease from 1889 to 1899 and for the very large increase from 1904 to 1909. One establishment classified under "glue" in 1899 made sandpaper to a very large extent, and one very large establishment classified under "glue in 1904 was placed under "sand and emery paper and cloth" in 1909 because its most important product in that year was sandpaper. SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING. The statistics for this industry cover establishments engaged in the construction or repair of iron and steel and wooden vessels and boats, large and small, rowboata and canoes, as well as large steamships. Some establishments make only parts of boats, such as hulls, stems, keels, knees, rudder posts, spars, masts, sails, and rigging, and others make some parts of this character for sale as such in addition to making complete vessels. A considerable proportion of the total value of products consists of charges for dry-docking and for repairs. A large number of rowboats, small sail- boats, small power boats, house boats, scows, and similar craft are built by carpenters, fishermen, sportsmen, and establishments having boats for hire. These operations were not covered by the census, and therefore the statistics do not represent the entire production of the craft of this character. Table 223 gives separate statistics for iron and steel shipbuilding and for wooden shipbuilding, for the census years from 1899 (when the industries were first shown separately) to 1914, inclusive. The following table presents the combined statistics for the two industries for the census years from 1849 to 1914, inclusive: MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 259 Table 169 CENSUS YEAR. SHIPBUILDING, INCLtTDING BOAT BUILDING. Number o( estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by manu- fectm*. Expressed in thousands. 1914. 1909 1904 1899. 1889. 1879 1869 1869 1849 1,147 1,353 1,097 1,107- 1,006 2,188 964 675 953 40, 506 60, 754 46,747 22,143 21,345 13,913 10,071 12,976 115,333 88,003 78, 127 61,797 18, 192 I') 5,136 8 $166,060 $32,931 $38,597 $88,682 126,118 25,268 31,214 73,360 121,624 29,241 37, 463 82,769 77,341 24,825 33,476 74,632 27,263 13,084 16,621 38,066 20,980 12,714 19,736 36,800 11,463 7,073 9j380 21,484 5,963 4,639 6,789 13,424 6,373 6,066 7,420 16,938 $60,085 42, 146 46,306 41,067 21,544 17,064 12, 104 7,636 9,618 1 Figures not available. Table 156 gives for each industry separate statistics for shipyards engaged chiefly in the construction of new vessels of 5 tons or more; shipyards engaged in repair work exclusively; establishments constructing chiefly boats of under 6 tons; and estab- lishments making a specialty of masts, spars, oars, and the rigging of vessels. The following table presents comparable figures for 1914 and 1909 so far as figures for these subdivisions are available. Only two subclasses were given for iron and steel shipbuilding at the census of 1909. Table 170 ESTABLISHMENTS ENGAGED FBIMABILV IN— SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUaOING, 19U AND 1909. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of prod- ucts. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total, 1914 1909 Iron and steel shipbuilding; New construction on vessels of 6 tons and over — 1914 1909 Repair vfovk only — 1914! 1909' WQoden shipbuilding and boat . building: New construction on ves- sels of 6 tons and over — 1914 1909 Repair work only^ 1914 1909 Mailing boats under 6 tons— 1914 1909 Maldng masts, spars, and oars , and rigging vessels — 1914 1909 1,147 1,353 44, 489 40,506 115,333 88,063 $166,060 126, 118 273 369 179 134 767 30 28,142 24,242 5,366 3,901 4,802 6,613 4,109 3,066 1,895 2,564 175 131 63,888 (') 19,818 6) 14.148 6) 11,180 6) 5.770 (i) 629 (') 112,630 88,710 20,082 11,462 9,680 12,789 8,947 7,367 4,614 5,563 207 237 $32,931 25,268 $38,597 31,214 $88,682 73,360 20,719 14,756 25,826 19,684 64,340 42,722 4,447 2,459 3,444 2,133 11,877 6,895 3,416 4,665 4,691 5,817 10,427 13,496 2,946 1,768 2,518 1,417 7,256 4,458 1,280 1,550 1,956 2,118 4,414 6,468 123 80 162 145 368 332 $60,085 42, 146 28,514 23,138 8,433 4,762 5,736 7,678 4,738 3,041 2,468 3,340 206 187 ' Not shown separately. ' Includes 4 establishments making boats under 5 tons, and 1 making masts, spars, oars, and the rigging of vessels. * Includes 1 establishment making boats under 6 tons. 260 CENSUS OF MANUFACrUBES : 1914. Number of vessels launched. — Table 171 gives statistics as to number, and, so far as available, as to tonnage, for vessels launched during the census years 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899, distinguishing Government shipyards from those privately owned. A laige part of the work on vessels launched during the year was performed during prior years, and, conversely, much work was done during each census year on ves- sels not yet ready for launching at the end of the year. The gross tonnage of a ship is the total internal capacity, expressed in "tons" of 100 cubic feet. The displace- ment tonnage is the weight of the volume of water displaced, or the weight of the vessel and its load. While gross tonnage and displacement tonnage are not by any means the same, it was necessary to combine the tonnage of vessels whose capacity is reckoned in one way with that of vessels whose capacity is reckoned by the other method in order to obtain a total which should represent approximately the total tonnage launched during the year. Tatole 171 VESSELS LAUNCHED DURrNG THE YEAB BT- - CLASS AND CENSUS YEAR. All establish- ments. Private establish- ments in ship- building industry. Private estab- lishments in other indus- tries. Government shipyards. Num- ber. Gross tonnage. 1 Num- ber. Gross toimage. Num- ber. Gross tonnage. Num- ber. Dis- place- ment ton- nage. Vessels of 5 gross tons and over, total: 1914 1,265 1,637 2,279 2,081 455, 167 481, 813 728, 104 687, 159 1,113 1,584 2,114 2,081 424, 660 467,219 678,625 687, 159 94 22 134 13, 664 12,535 22, 327 48 31 31 16,853 1909 2,059 1904 27,252 1899 Classified by material — Iron and steel— 1914 215 169 172 134 1,040 1,468 2,107 1,947 149 194 320 519 439 616 311 268, 470 260,765 352, 669 262,516 186, 697 221, 048 375, 435 424, 643 243, Oil 235,315 368,117 286,311 13,266 12,066 3,247 126 158 152 134 987 1,426 1,962 1,947 140 181 308 619 427 613 307 242,659 254,986 328, 411 262,516 182, 101 212,233 350, 114 424,643 234, 636 234,633 349, 600 286, 311 13,220 12,041 3,167 69 8 3 9,792 5,429 408 20 3 17 16, 119 1909 350 1904 23,860 1899 Wooden— 1914 25 14 131 3,862 7,106 21, 919 28 28 14 734 1909 1,709 1904 3,402 1899 Classified by power- Steam — 1914 9 10 6 8,375 1909 3 6 429 467 253 1904 18,050 1899 Motor— 1914 2 4 2 4 6 24 90 8 40 1909 2 1904 1899 Sail- 1914.. 48 51 352 648 619 877 1,296 914 4,518 9,042 3,916 2,364 6,000 14, 807 68, 615 80, 294 192,890 219, 626 288,125 320, 564 40 51 349 648 506 839 1,150 914 3,706 8,577 3,499 1,687 2,224 14,807 64, 616 80,294 174, 580 206, 738 261, 153 320,654 8 3,776 1909 1904 3 4,000 1899 Unrigged— 82 17 124 9,872 12, 082 21,770 31 21 22 8,438 1,806 5,202 1909 1904 1899 Boats of less than 5 gross tons; 1914 758 412 365 54 63 62 - 677 1909 1904 1899 1 1 The figures in this column represent the sum of the gross tonnage reported by private establishments and the displacement tonnage reported by Government shipyards. 2 Includes sailing vessels with auxiliary power. Table 172 shows the value of the construction work done, the amount received for repair work, and the value of all other work done by establishments assigned to the shipbunding industry, for those that built vessels in connection with other industries, and for Government shipyards. MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 261 Tatole 173 VALUE OF WORK DONE DUBINO YEAR BY— KIND OF WOKK AND CENSUS YEAK. All establish- ments. Private estab- lishments in shipbuilding industry. Private establish- ments in other indus- tries. Government shipyards. Total, 1914 $119,423,028 100,009,054 100,692,060 $88,682,071 73,360,316 82,769,239 $1,523,692 776,706. 657,342 $29, 217, 265 1909 26, 872, 033 1904 17,265,469 Work on new vessels and boats: All kinds— 1914 62,401,805 45,036,492 60,718,307 46,334,134 42,310,925 56,121,227 1,279,630 694, 244 610,560 4,788,041 2,131,323 3,986,520 1909 1904 Vessels of 5 gross tons and over— 1914 48,106,561 40, 145, 084 67,193,223 4,296,244 4,891,408 3,625,084 36,966,676 38,304,658 32,613,633 30,054,547 16, 667, 904 7,460,210 42,546,445 37,718,018 53,119,935 3,788,689 4,592,907 3,001,292 32,835,212 26,678,643 22,829,040 19,512,726 4,370,747 3,818,972 947,805 449,089 463,018 331,826 146,165 147,642 185,777 80,461 46,782 68,286 102,001 4,612,311 1,977,977 3,610,270 175, 730 1909 1904 Boats of less tlian 6 gross tons— 1914 1909 163, 346 376,260 3,946,687 11,546,654 9,637,711 20,483,537 12,195,156 3,641,238 1904 Repair work: 1909.. All other work done: 1909 1904 1 Includes engines to the value of $4,498,703. 2 Included with repair work. SIGNS AND ADVERTISING NOVELTIES. Establishments in this classification make signs and novelties of wide variety. The instructions to the special agents who gathered the data directed that certain classes of establishments — among them those engaged in "house and sign painting " — must not be reported. This rule excluded from the canvass local establishments doing custom sign painting for offices, stores^ or billboards. The signs made by establishments in this classification are principally of brass, bronze, copper, sheet iron, steel, cardboard, celluloid, cloth, fiberoid, glass, porcelain- enameled iron, aUver, tin, wire, and wood. They comprise (1) electric signs; (2) other signs, including Uluminated signs, "talking signs," triple signs, those used on street cars to show their destination, painted and decorated show cards, and gold-plated, metallic, enameled-wood, and other letters; and (3) the advertising novelties, which include many tools, utensils, and conveniences marked with advertising notices, for example, corkscrews, match boxes, diaries, calendars, fans, purses, memorandum books, card cases, pencils, bottle openers, celluloid novelties, and devices for adver- tising purposes. Colored cards and wood samples for paint manufacturers were also reported. The manufacture of printed advertising matter is not here included, but appears as part of the printing and publishing industry. "Signs and advertising novelties" is a classification used for the first time at the census of 1909. (See Table 223.) The establishments making the products here specified were, at previous censuses, divided among several classifications, such as "electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies," "house-fiu-nishing goods, not else- where specified," "leather goods, not elsewhere specified," and "stationery goods, not elsewhere specified." There is some overlapping between this new class and those specified, as well as others. Table 156 gives separate figures for the three groups, "electric signs, ' ' "other signs, ' ' and "advertising novelties." There is considerable overlapping among the groups, electric signs to the value of $208,254 being reported by manufacturers of other signs and of advertising novelties, other signs to the value of $180,733 by makers of adver- tising novelties and of electric signs, and advertising novelties to the value of $29,730 by sign manufacturers. Establishments assigned to other classifications reported elec- tric signs to the value of $19,137, other signs to the value of $574,735, and advertising novelties to the value of $357,134, making a total of $951,006 for 1914. The correspond-^ ing total for 1909 was $695,470. 262 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. SODA-WATEK APPARATUS. The various devices used to charge water with carbonic acid gas, to store the water and the sirups used with it, and to draw and serve it, are manufactured by establUh- ments in this classification. The process of charging water is not included. (See "mineral and soda waters.") Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1869 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, soda-water apparatus to the value of $111,707 in 1914 and of $400,221 in 1909 was reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally "fur- niture," "foundry and machine-shop products," and "mineral and soda waters." SPORTING AND ATHLETIC GOODS. Among the sporting goods reported by establishments assigned to this classification are artificial flies and baits; air rifles; canvas goods; clay-pigeon traps; fishing tackle of all sorts; dice; fish speais and tongs; gun cases; oars and paddles; shell boxes; bait baskets and boxes; decoy ducks and crows; duck, crow, turkey, and snipe calls; reels; leaders; floats; leads; toboggans; skis; bows and arrows; magazine-shell vests; etc . The manufacture of firearms and ammunition falls under a separate classification . Athletic goods are represented by baseballs and bats, gloves, mitts, masks, and uniforms for baseball; basket-ball supplies; boxing gloves; bowling balls; cricket bats; exercisers; footballs and football supplies; golf clubs, balls, and bags; gymna- sium goods and apparatus; hockey sticks; polo balls, mallets, and saddles; roller skates; punching bags and punching-bag platforms; tennis rackets, balls, and sup- plies; track suits; toe cUps; playground apparatus; bulletin and score boards; medi- cine balls; circus apparatus; iugghng goods; water wings; Indian clubs and dumb- bells; and similar products. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, sporting and athletic goods to the value of $838,645 in 1914 and of $239,266 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, principally "hosiery and knit goods," "hardware," "lasts," "clothing, men's," "ammunition," "awnings, tents, and sails," and "tools, not elsewhere specified." STATIONERY GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. Manufacturers of various articles used in writing and in connection therewith, in manifolding, in fiUng written matter, and for miscellaneous purposes, are included in this classification. Table 156 gives separate statistics for those establishments whose product of chiefvalue was "penholders "and for those making"all other" stationery goods. The latter group comprises establishments manufacturing, among other products, albums; copying baths; binders for loose leaves and all sorts of loose-leaf devices; blackboard erasers and supplies; blotters; boxes for documents; card files and indexes; cardcases; coin wrappers and currency straps; desk calendars and pads; devices for books and ledgers; duplicators made Horn gelatin or glue, and glycerin; engraved envelopes and stationery; envelope openers; paper clips and fasteners; filing devices; inkstands and inkstand bases and inking pads; labels and label cabi- nets; letter-copying presses; library and bank supplies; paper and twine holders and cutters; paper tablets; pencil sharpeners; portfolios; ruled papers; ruling pens; school globes, maps, tablets, erasers, and slates; stencil duplicators; waxed stencil sheets; printing machines using inked ribbons; stenographers' copyholders; thumb tacks; and tin plates Jor mounting. There is much overlapping between this industry and others, penholders to the value of $756,969, and other stationery to the value or $2,255,668— a total of $3,012.637— being reported for 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications, such as "pencils, lead, " " toys and games, " " envelopes, ' ' and "paper and wood pulp." The corresponding total for 1909 was $1,505,600. "Sta^ tionery goods, not elsewhere specified' ' does not appear at the census of 1869. Table 223 gives statistics for 1859 and for each census year from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. The production of envelopes in 1914 was valued at $18,481,013. and of writing paper, as reported by paper mills, at $28,637,257. These amounts are included in the totals for "paper and printing" (Table 96). The following table presents statistics for typewriter supplies. These figures were included in Table 67 with those for the group of industries "iron and steel and their products' (which includes the manufacture of typewriters). In thia connection reference should be made to "typewriters and supplies." MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 263 Table 17a TYPEWHITEB SUPPLIES. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Total . . 67 788 1,462 $3,354 8466 $1,894 $4,649 $2,765 Carbon paper 23 20 U 317 304 167 539 824 99 1,526 1,607 221 190 197 69 855 925 114 2,192 2,121 336 1,337 1,196 All other 222 STEAM PACKING. Establishments in this classification manufacture principally the materials used in the stuffing boxes of the cylinders and steam chests of steam engines to render imper- vious the joints through which the piston rods and valve stems move ; in the boxes or journals in which shafts revolve, to assist in lubrication; in pipe joints of many kinds; in air compressors; in gas, oil, and other engiues; and for the covering of boilers and Bteam pipes to prevent the radiation of heat. These packings and coverings are of vegetable, animal, and mineral origin. The vegetable materials comprise duck cloth, flax, hemp, rubber, and cotton waste; the animal materials, wool and leather; and the mineral materials, antimony, asbestos, brass, graphite, caat iron, lead, lead wool, magnesia, mineral wool from slag and limestone, mica, and tin. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1889 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, steam packing to the value of $1,319,286 in 1914 and of $876,425 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other industries, principally roofing materials, mucilage and paste, and paper and wood pulp. SURGICAL APPLIANCES. Establishments included in this industry manufacture all kinds of surgical appli- ances, bandages, and dressings, except surgical instruments and dental appliances, which fall under the classifications "instruments, professional and scientific" and "dental goods." (See Table 156.) The products embrace, among others, trusses, elastic hosiery and belts, braces, extension shoes, arch supports for insteps, obesity belts, surgical gauze, douches, pneumatic spUnts, abdominal supporters, shoulder braces, 'magnetic insoles, sutures, ear drums, electric belts, anklets, knee caps, suspensories, etc. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, surgical appliances to the value of $105,486 were reported for 1914 by establishments assigned to other classifications, namely, "artificial limbs," "hosiery and knit goods," '^patent medicines and com- pounds, " " house-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified," and "corsets." THEATRICAL SCENERY. This industry includes the production of theatrical scenery, for theaters or opera houses, halls, and schools; advertising curtains; stage hardware and equipment; floats for street pageants; etc., but does not include the incidental work done on theatrical scenery in theaters. Statistics for the industry were not secured for censuses prior to 1914. TOYS AND GAMES. The articles made by establishments assigned to this class are numerous. They include indoor ball games; swings; checkers; dominoes; dolls; stuffed animals; stere- oscopic views; toy furniture and utensils; various card and other games; play^ound goods- toy building blocks; children's driving reins; rattles and floor-rolUng chimes; cribbagelDoaids; croquet sets; toy drums; jig-saw and other puzzles; hobbyhorses and rocking-horses; velocipedes and tricycles; kites; magic lanterns and slides; magical apparatus, tricks, and novelties; masks; mechanical toys; toy railways, engines, and cais- toy saving banks; play suits; wigwams; doll clothing; marbles; fabric and leather covered balls; educational boards; game boards; toy tools, balloons, canes, pistols, and bells; etc. Statistics for the industry as reported at the censuses from 1859 to 1014 inf-liitnTre arfi pivfin in Tahlfi 22.'?. 264 CENSUS OP manufactures: 1914. In addition to the products covered by the table, toys and games to the value of $1,609,555 in 1914 and of $1,156,411 in 1909 were reported by estabUshmenta assigned toother industries, principally hardware, planing mills, tinware, sawmills, wooden goods, furniture, signs and advertising novelties, etc. On the other hand, there is considerable overlapping between "toys and games" and such industries as "paper goods, not elsewhere specified," "leather goods, not elsewhere specified," "fancy articles, not elsewhere specified," "boxes, fancy and paper," "carriages and sleds, children's," and "wood, turned and carved," the amount of which was not always disclosed by the returns. UMBRELLAS AND CANES. Establishments in this classification manufacture, besides ordinary umbrellas and parasols and canes and parts thereof, toy parasols. Some establishments make only parts which others purchase and assemble, and some do contract work on materials furnished by others. There is thus some duplication in value of products within the industry. Statistics for this industry for the census years from 1849 to 1914 are given in Table 223. The decrease in value of products from 1889 to 1899 was due, in part at least, to the fact that prior to the census of 1899 statistics of small neighborhood flhops were included in the returns. The decrease from 1899 to 1904 and from 1909 to 1914 may be attributed to changes in the classification of individual establishments. In addition to the products covered by the table, umbrellas and canes to the value of $28,368 in 1914 and of $61,216 in 1909 were reported by establishments assigned to other classifications, such as men's clothing, fancy articles, fur goods, pocket- books, and wool-felt hats. WASHING MACHINES AND CLOTHES WRINGERS. Establishments in this classification manxifacture principally machines for washing, for wringing, for drying, and for ironing clothing, table linen, bed linen, etc. They are operated by hand or by steam, water, electric, or other power. Statistics for the industry for the census years from 1859 to 1914 are given in Table 223. The slight decrease in value of products from 1869 to 1879 is more than accounted for by the high prices due to the depreciated currency of 1869, which increased nominal values about one-fifth. In addition to the products covered by the table, washing machines and clothes wringers to the value of $432,092 in 1914 and of $233,611 in 1909 were reported by estabUshments assigned to other industries, principally ' ' agricultural implements, " "foundry and machine-shop products," "sewing machines," and "toys and games." WHALEBONE CUTTING. Only one establishment, situated in New York City, was reported for this industry. Its product is whalebone cut for corsets, dresses, and whips. The statistics can not be given separately. (See "All other industries," Table 156.) WHIPS. Establishments in this classification manufacture whips, crops, lashes, and parts of whips, of rattan, rawhide, reed, whalebone, wood, and iron. Statistics forthe indus- try as reported at each census from 1849 to 1914, inclusive, are given in Table 223. In addition to the products covered by the table, whips to the value of $142,524 in 1914 and of $114,306 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of brooms, leather gloves and mittens, and saddlery and harness. WINDMILLS. The principal products of establishments in this classification are the wind motors used chiefly on farms to pump water, cut fodder for stock, turn grindstones, etc. Not only the vanes or sails that catch the wind, but also the towers, cylinders, and tanks are manufactured by these establishments. The first census at which wind- mills were reported separately was that of 1859, when five establishments reported products valued at $28,750. The next census at which a separate presentation was made was that of 1879. Table 223 gives statistics for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, windmills to the value of $116,122 in 1914 and of $1,033,787 in 1909 were reported by establishmenfa assigned to other classifications, such as "agricultural implements," "carriages and wagons," "foundry and machine-shop products," and "scales and balances." WINDOW SHADES AND FIXTURES. Window shades of cotton, linen, muslin, lonsdale, silk, or holland cloth, paper, or of opaque cloth or paper, are the principal products of establishments in this classi- fication. The barrel spring and other rollers, brass rods, wooden poles and slats. LOCAL CONCENTEATION OF CERTAIN INDUSTRIES. 265 hardware, and other fixtures used with shades, as well as various other incidental products are Included. At the census of 1859, 15 establishments were reported under "window blinds and shades." Their products were valued at |134,620. For 1879 the classification was "window blinds and shades," and tor 1889, "window shades." Comparable statistics are presented in Table 223 for the census years from 1879 to 1914, inclusive. In addition to the products covered by the table, window shades and fixtures to the value of $499,876 in 1914 and of $200,665 in 1909 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of "awnings, tents, and sails, "wall paper, not made in paper mills," and "window and door screens." LOCAL CONCENTRATION OF CERTAIN INDUSTRIES. There is much more local concentration in some industries than in others. This condition, however, may be set forth more clearly by selecting from among the large number of industries those which are of importance and which also show a marked degree of concentration, and indicating what proportion of the total value of products of each industry was reported from the states and cities which lead in that industry. The following table presents statistics for 50 selected industries of this character: Tatole 174 INDUSTET, STATE, AND CITY. INDUSTKY AND STATE. Agricultural implements Illinois Wisconsin Ohio New York Indiana Michigan Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes New York Automobiles, including bodies and parts Michigan Ohio New York Indiana Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Massachusetts New York Missouri New Hampshire Ohio Pennsylvania Boots and shoes, rubber Massachusetts Brass, bronze, and copper products Connecticut Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Wisconsin New York Minnesota Iowa "- Canning and preserving Calilomia New York Maryland Carpets and rugs, other than rag New York Pennsylvania Clocks Connecticut -. New York VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Amount. $164, 65, 20, 17, U, 12, 7, 19, 16, 086, 835 337,663 119,058 484, 615 576, 694 791,461 731, 217 064,670 455, 637 632, 831, 474 398, 289, 022 85,710,685 42,115,276 29, 389, 088 690, 028, 167 255,188,013 71,412,755 52,522,006 46,694,765 33,641,705 28,989,470 53, 822, 123 23, 788, 788 162,199,019 69, 353, 103 364,285,150 72,858,692 43,262,309 33, 797, 436 27,605,968 243, 439, 859 61, 162, 849 26,944,634 18,028,779 69, 128, 185 26,075,621 23, 099, 647 11,031,720 4, 523, 975 3,310,386 8146,329,268 57, 268, 325 11,411,303 14, 440, 461 14, 970, 980 13,669.824 9, 272, 787 23,980,567 21, 162, 386 249,202,076 96,651,461 38, 838, 754 30, 979, 527 23,764,070 512, 797, 642 236,342,915 4,S, 185, 914 48,751,236 39, 439, 644 31,660,967 20,^18,784 49, 720, 567 18, 722, 363 149, 989, 068 66,932,909 274, 667, 718 63, 843, 249 42,468,345 26,287,462 25,849,866 157, 101, 201 32, 914, 829 19,039,735 . 13, 709, 449 71, 188, 152 25,606,262 24, 879, 232 12, 236, 631 6, 809, 746 3,051,910 Per cent of United States total. 1914 1909 12.3 10.6 7.8 4.7 13.5 6.7 4.6 43.2 12.1 8.9 7.9 5.7 4.9 44.2 20.0 11.9 9.3 7.6 25.1 10.7 7.4 37.7 33.4 41.0 30.0 39.1 7.8 9.9 .10.2 9.3 6.3 15.6 12.4 9.6 46.1 9.4 9.5 7.7 6.2 3.9 19.6 15.5 9.2 9.4 21.0 12.1 8.7 36.0 34.9 56.7 24.9 266 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Table 174— Continued. INDtfSTRT, STATE, AND CITY. INDUSTRY AND STATE — Continued. Clothing, men's, including shirts. New York Illinois Clothing, women's . New York Pennsylvania.. Goke, not including gas-house coke . Pennsylvania Alabama Collars and cuffs, men's. New York Corsets Coimecticut. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. Massachusetts North Carolina South Carolina Georgia , Rhode Island Cutlery and edge tools. Connecticut New York Massachusetts Dyeing and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills New Jersey Massachusetts New York Rhode Island - Pennsylvania rirearms and ammunition. Connecticut Fur goods New York . Furnishing goods, men's . New York Glas.s I'ennsylvama.. Ohio Indiana West Virginia. Gloves and mittens, leather . New York Grindstones. Ohio.... Hair work New York. Hats, fur-felt Permsylvania. Connecticut- . . New Jersey . . . New York Hosiery and knit goods (not including hand-knit goods) New York Pennsylvania VALUE OF PBODUCTS. $554,025,998 238,626,691 89, 144, 448 473,888,354 346,316,642 37,059,174 99,275,020 42,996,443 10,353,477 18,530,840 17, 719, 796 40, 550, 702 12,935,805 701,300,933 197, 322, Ul 90, 743, 683 78, 446, 146 159,982,008 49, 718, 837 26,540,987 7,366,772 6,056,270 4,354,119 109, 27, 22, 16, 16, 15, 41, 25, 291,536 986,512 455,086 302,576 300, 783 451, 576 384,225 667, 797 43,632,693 30,312,136 62,453,338 23,206,074 123,085,019 39,797,822 19,191,342 14,881,372 14,631,171 21, 614, 109 12,845,284 683,936 488,361 3,334,946 2,022,833 37,349,744 11,040,820 9,475,778 7,969,344 6,637,380 268,041,324 77,711,105 64,063,771 8568,076,635 266,076,427 89,472,756 384,751,649 272,617,792 32,837,424 95, 696, 622 51, 816, 449 8,842,512 17,230,462 15,897,376 33,267,187 12,814,736 628, 391, 813 186,462,313 72,680,385 66,929,585 48,036,817 50,312,597 22,884,914 6,720,700 4,060,632 4,391,424 83,556,4,32 15,795,788 21,892,890 9,673,228 13,955,700 12,069,297 34,111,564 19,948,235 55,937,549 41,301,461 42,129,938 19,763,786 92,095,203 32,817,936 14,358,274 11,593,094 7,779,483 23,630,598 14,336,366 1,688,171 1,498,256 11, 216, 175 7,861,306 47,864,630 13,022,617 10,399,860 8,825,217 10,218,660 198,571,588 65,852,133 49,683,463 Per cent of United States total. 1914 1909 43.1 16.1 46.8 15.8 72.9 7.8 70.8 8.5 43.3 10.4 64.1 9.2 95.6 92.3 31.9 38.5 28.1 12.9 11.2 8.6 7.1 19.8 17.0 25.6 20.5 14.9 14.9 14.1 62.0 44.2 32.3 15.6 12.1 11.9 71.4 60.7 29.6 26.4 21.3 17.8 30.1 24.8 See footnotes on p. 270. LOCAL CONCENTRATION OF CERTAIN INDUSTRIES. 267 Table 174— Continued. INDUSTRY, STATE, AND CITY. INDtJSTBY AND STATE— Continued. Ink, printing New York Iron and steel, blast furnaces Pennsylvania Ohio Illinois Alabama New York Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Fennsylvania Ohio Illinois Indiana New York Jewelry New York Rhode Island - Massachusetts New Jersey Leather, tanned, curried, and fioished Pennsylvania Massachusetts Wisconsin New York New Jersey Michigan Illinois ; Ohio West Virginia California Virginia Delaware Liquor?, vinous CallJomia Millinery and lace goods Now York Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes Connecticut Oil, cottonseed, and cake Texas Georgia Louisiana Mississippi South CfaroUna North Carolina Alabama Tennessee Arkansas Paper and wood palp New York Massachusetts Maine Wisconsin Pennsylvania Ohio Michigan New Hampshire Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling Virginia -. Pens, fountain, stylographic, and gold New York VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Amount. Per cent of United States total. 1914 1909 1914 1909 S13,8S0,312 88,865,504 4,068,567 391,429,283 168,578,413 83,699,238 38,299,897 21,235,984 26,620,048 985,722,534 500,343,995 197,780,043 86,608,137 38,651,848 39,532,414 80,349,874 20,362,620 20,685,100 15,210,738 13,272,004 327,874,187 77,926,321 40,002,079 44,667,676 27,642,383 28,430,955 15,331,104 14,911,782 10,127,836 12,450,592 9,366,545 8.266,850 12,079,225 13,120,848 8,936,848 85,893,632 52, 106, 200 6,694,095 4,236,036 147, S67, 894 29,915,772 23,640,779 13,084, 586 15,965,643 10,902,935 8,504,477 9, 178, 016 6, 592, 776 7,788,885 267,656,964 48,859,610 40,096,713 33,950,230 25,962,099 19,872,717 16,965,260 13,922,124 13,994,251 9,736,551 7,933,440 ' 4,738,693 3,218,760 6,169,815 317,653,983 44.6 45.8 135,806,067 72,969,368 25,861,528 20,065,739 18,485,638 918, 664, 565 42.8 23.0 8.1 6.3 5.8 43.1 21.4 9.8 5.4 6.8 448, 106, 324 205,023,391 64,995,121 58,882,522 32,077,757 81,006,289 21,810,245 21,522,251 14,176,857 11,347,465 367, 201, 705 48.8 22.3 7.1 6.4 3.5 50.8 20.1 8.8 3.9 4.0 26.9 26.6 17.5 14.0 25.3 25.7 18.9 16.5 85,252,632 45,265,434 42,204,202 36,018,342 31,651,831 25, 503, 573 17,509,256 11,627,916 11,014,640 10,020,739 9,834,439 9,183,205 16,618,378 11,299,858 114,160,462 23.2 12.3 11.5 9.8 8.6 6.9 4.8 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.5 23.8 12.2 13.6 8.4 8.7 4.7 4.5 3.1 3.8 2.9 2.5 3.7 68.0 68.1 72,328,556 7,890,879 5,108,556 212,127,024 41, 944, 689 32,714,801 18,106,257 17,599,651 16,379,858 15,269,364 14,982,159 11,414,243 9, 249, 457 332,147,175 56,335,681 43,352,545 40, 179, 744 31,205,395 25,439,346 23,284,192 22,049,990 17, 708, 138 14,996,369 10,981,159 7,507,535 5,169,218 63.4 60.7 64.7 63.3 19.8 15.4 8.5 8.3 7.7 7.2 7.1 5.4 4.4 20.2 16.0 8.8 10.8 7.4 5.8 6.2 4.5 5.3 17.0 13.1 12.1 9.4 7.7 7.0 6.6 5.3 18.3 15.0 12.7 9.7 7.4 6.3 5.2 5.2 73.2 81.5 I 68.9 67.9 268 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUEES : 1914. Talble 174— Continued. INDUSTRY, STATE, AND CITT. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1914 1909 Per cent of United States total. 1914 INDUSTRY AND ST ATE— Continued . Pipes, tobacco New Yor]£ Plated ware Connecticut New York Kice, cleaning and polishing Louisiana Texas Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified Ohio •- New Jersey \ Massachusetts Salt Michigan New York Ohio Kansas California Silk goods, including throwsters Pennsylvania New Jersey Connecticut New York Slaughtering and meat pacMng Illinois ; Kansas New York Nebraska Missouri Iowa Smelting and refining, copper New Jersey Arizona Smelting and refining, zinc Illinois Kansas Turpentine and rosin Florida Georgia Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas "Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin Pennsylvania N ew York Michigan INDUSTRY AND CITY. Agricultural implements: Moline, 111 Springfield, Ohio Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes: NewYork, N. Y $4, 220, 084 2, 689, 133 18,484,235 11,942,797 4,611,100 23,039,294 12, 966, 690 7,216,359 223,610,784 109,668,605 25,458,216 23,011,349 14, 070, 333 4,420,772 3, 553, 638 2,197,204 1,334,269 1,214,551 254, Oil, 257 86,938,554 75, 706, 449 30,391,825 29,260,763 1,673,978,930 489,230,324 1151,647,123 148, 105, 659 1 104, 503, 333 92,060,499 74,289,387 444, 021, 968 159, 198, 876 53, 438, 160 53, 638, 398 18,421,039 5,258,613 20, 990, 191 9, 573, 083 4, 607, 590 2, 047, 132 1,997,139 1,858,391 608,374 9,882,637 3, 417, 199 2, 789, 731 2, 678, 151 9,738,631 6,761,511 16, 348, 118 Automobiles, including bodies and parts: Betroit, Mich Cleveland, Ohio New York, N.Y 164,075,944 27,116,595 9,484,214 See footnotes on p. 270. $5,311,900 3,212,262 18, 526, 193 14,333,213 2,414,334 22,371,457 12, 528, 656 8, 142, 438 128,435,747 53, 910, 531 19,543,489 16,796,490 11,327,834 3,652,996 2,896,826 1,807,347 1,105,920 746,211 196,911,667 62,061,302 66,429,550 21, 062, 687 26, 518, 821 1,370,668,101 389,694,906 165,360,616 127, 130, 051 92,306,484 79,581,294 59,046,232 378,805,974 125,661,087 41,069,240 34,205,894 9,003,624 10, 857, 250 26,295,017 11, 937, 618 6, 938, 957 2,471,999 1,474,629 1, 173, 848 217,826 9,736,998 2, 960, 162 3,401,722 2,398,927 11,493,184 5, 442, 397 21,098,226 59,636,164 21,403,926 6,194,354 63.7 31.3 49.0 11.4 10.3 31.4 25.3 16.6 9.S 34.2 29.8 12.0 11.5 29.2 9.1 8.8 6.2 8.6 4.4 36.9 12.0 34.4 9.8 45.6 22.0 9.8 9.5 8.9 2.9 34.6 28.2 27.1 5.9 3.S 85.8 25.9 4.3 1.5 LOCAL CONCENTBATION OF CERTAIN INDTJSTEIES. 269 Talile 174— Continued. INBUSTEY, STATE, AND CITY. INDUSTRY AND CITY — Continued. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings: Brockton, Mass I^nn, Mass Haverhill, Mass... St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass New York, N.Y.. Manchester, N. H. Cincinnati, Ohio.. Rochester, N. Y . . Philadelphia, Pa.. Brass, bronze, and copper products: W aterbury, Conn Carpets and rugs, other than rag: Thiladelphm, Pa Clocks: , New York, N. Clothing, men's, including shirts: NewYork, N. Y Chicago, 111. Baltimore, Md . . . Philadelphia, Pa. Rochester, N. Y.. Clothing, women's: New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, 111 Collars and cuffs, men's Troy, N. Y Corsets: Bridgeport, Conn . Cotton goods, including cotton small wares: New Bedford, Mass Fall River, M:ass Lowell, Mass Philadelphia, Pa Pawtucket, R.I Warwick, R.I Dyeing and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills: NewYork, N.Y Philadelphia, Pa Paterson, N.J Providence, R.I Pawtucket, R.I Fur goods: NewYork, N.Y VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Amount. Furnishing goods, men's; NewYork, N.Y Gloves and mittens, leather: Gloversville, N. Y Johnstown, N.Y Hair work: New York, N. Y. Hats, fur-felt: Philadelphia, Pa. . . Danbury, Conn — Newark,N. J New York, N.Y... Orange, N.J S44, 43, 36, 31, 27, 26, 18, 15, 2 13, 122, 125 891,058 641, 354 048,945 162, 708 161, 767 SOO, 729 329, 293 519, 755 864,348 32,624,187 20,586,563 2, 194, 129 192,112,240 84, 339, 611 38, 485, 444 29, 163, 294 1 19, 760, 263 339,842,534 34,142,518 19, 211, 137 16, 702, 773 7,639,753 151,766,234 49,995,011 23,178,333 19, 383, 216 13,461,269 8,060,419 8,380,858 7, 596, 670 7, 526, 704 3,641,006 2,901,751 29,070,984 21,446,080 7,309,017 2,914,269 1,980,677 9,914,443 7, 066, 765 3, 900, 964 3,601,944 2,822,860 1909 $39,293,118 46,669,709 29, 149, 609 33,970,372 26,146,755 18,376,429 17,646,662 14,998,672 13, 460, 155 6,617,371 31,461,876 22,628,537 1,941,438 218,411,030 85, 296, 407 38,269,212 29, 000, 899 18,878,608 266,477,381 30,132,842 15,676,926 13, 638, 745 6,898,876 42,605,007 48,676,114 24, 744, 240 22, 637, 898 14,337,874 7,621,518 6,002,643 6, 327, 261 6, 206, 830 2,521,315 2, 460, 858 39,874,386 18,819,024 8,869,706 3,268,362 7,817,490 10, 401, 794 7, 114, 683 4,433,132 4,765,029 1,904,860 Per cent of United States total. 1914 7.5 7.4 6.0 5.3 4.6 4.4 3.2 2.6 2.3 1.5 34.7 15.2 6.9 6.3 71.7 7.2 4.1 18.8 7.4 7.1 3.3 2.1 1.9 1.1 7.7 7.0 6.9 3.3 2.7 66.6 40.9 33.1 13.5 59.4 26.5 18.9 10.4 9.6 7.6 See footnotes on p. 270. 270 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1&14. Tattle 174— Continued. INDUSTRY, STATE. AND CITY. VALUE OF PBODUCTS. Amount. 1914 1909 Per cent of United States total. 1914 INDUSTRY AND CITY — Continued. Hosiery and knit goods (not including hand-knit good.s; Pluladelphia. Pa New York. N. Y Utica, N.Y Amsterdam, N. Y Reading, Pa Little Kails , N . Y Cohoes.N. Y Ink, printing: New York, N. Y Iron and steel, blast furnaces: Pittsburgh, Pa Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills: Pittsburgh, Pa Youngstown, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Chicago, 111 Jewelry: Providence, H. T New York, N.Y Newark, N. J Attleboro, Mass Leather, tanned, curried, and finished: Philadelphia, Pa Milwaukee; Wis Newark, N.J Chicago, III Peabody, Mass Camden, N.J Cincinnati, Ohio Millinery and lace goods: New York, N.Y '. Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling: Petersburg, Va Pens, fountain, stylographic, and gold: New York, N.Y Pipes, tobaeco: New York, N.Y Rice, cleaning and polishing: New Orleam, La Beaumont, Tex Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified: Akron, Ohio Trenton, N.J Silk goods, including throwsters: Paterson, N.J New York, N.Y Allentown, Pa Philadelphia, Pa Scranton, Pa Slaughtering and meat packing: Chicago, 111 Kansas City, Kans New York N.Y .'.."..;;;;;:; Indianapolis, Ind St. Louis, Mo *31, 267, 277 18,596.462 9,475,541 7,916,442 6,500,704 3,579,072 3, 439, 176 6, 113, 476 16,982,402 61,007,875 48, 798, 464 33,388,829 27,001,775 20,933,990 20,467,868 11,215,214 8,353,935 23,657,091 22,893,306 20,118,019 15,662,742 14,720,944 7,733,358 5, 425, 725 70,800,274 2,800,861 5,169,218 2,624,873 5,484,304 1, 597, 133 92,547,496 8,068,038 44,672,401 15,008,138 10,209,972 8,237,255 5, 754, 859 410, 709, 225 133,826,338 110, 706, 686 1 37, 780, 039 36,633,630 123,901,699 12,386,254 8,053,844 8, 158, 701 4,551,087 4,654,862 5,087,315 3,965,174 20,668,023 82,306,627 50, 175, 153 38,463,316 45,983,782 20,166,003 19,236,368 13,152,340 7,396,558 23,526,421 27,483,829 18,858,046 13,243,550 12,893,653 6,920,238 5,058,920 51,238,787 1,721,576 3,218,760 3, 136, 671 5,124,836 1,627,868 49,329,235 4,969,259 40,358,271 16,949,664 7, 455, 528 6,502,044 6,630,848 325,061,657 148,459,212 95,862,422 39, 133, 737 26,600,956 12.1 7.2 3.7 3.1 2.5 1.4 1.3 44.2 5.3 6.6 6.3 3.6 2.9 25.8 25.3 13.8 10.3 6.4 6.2 5.5 4.3 4.0 2.1 1.5 62.0 1&7 23.8 6.9 41.4 3.6 17.6 5.9 4.0 3.2 2.3 24.5 8,0 2.3 2.2 > Excludmg statistics for 1 establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations 2 Excluding statistics for 7 establishments, to avoid disclosure of Individual operations s Excludmg statistics for 2 estabUshments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Chapter IV.— STATES AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS. Table 221 presents general totals tor all manufacturing industries in each, state and geographic division, as reported at the censuses of 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. More detailed statistics for the divisions and states are given, for 1914, in Table 222. The following map shows the geographic distribution of the states. \/.. ^A w y ^/t \>i 9 t-uJ- S"^ >h: SCO O Ll - % ■^ ^5'H ..^:^..a 05— H ^ /" Ull <| ! 1 t r.y- u ~UJ CO 10 LU f ^ ! X. ^« i (- 'O CO) > UJi oc. o, 3 o CO "^ / — :d (271) 272 CENSUS OF MANUPACTXTRES : 1914. Bank of states in manufacturing industries. — Table 175 shows for 1914, 1909, and 1904, the rank of each state with respect to average number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture, and also the percentage of the United States totals reported from each state. The states are arranged in the order of their rank with respect to value of manufactured products in 1914. The numbers from which the figures in this table are derived are given in Table 221. TaTJle 175 United States. Now York Pennsylvania Illinois Ohio Massachusetts iSTew Jersey MicMgan Indiana California Wisconsrii Missouri Connecticut Minnesota Maryland Texas Kansas Iowa North Carolina Ehode Island Virginia Louisiana Georgia Washington Kentucky Nebraska Tennessee Maine "West Virginia ^ New Hampshire Alabama South Carolina Colorado Oregon Oklahoma Utah Montana Arkansas Florida Mississippi Vermont Arizona Delaware District of Columbia, Idaho South Dakota North Dakota Nevada Wyoming New Mexico WAGE EAENEKS (AVERAGE NUMBEK). 1914 100.0 15.0 13.1 7.2 7.3 5.3 3.9 2.8 2.0 2. 2.2 3.2 1, 1.6 1.1 0. 0. 1.9 1, 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0. 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 C) 0.1 (') 0.1 1909 CM. 100.0 15.2 13.3 7.0 6.8 4. 3.6 2.8 1.7 2.8 2.3 3.2 1.3 1.6 1.1 0.7 0. 1, 1.7 1.6 1.2 1 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0. 0. 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1904 100.0 15.7 14.0 6.9 6.7 8.9 4. 3.2 2.8 1.8 2.8 1.3 1.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.7 0.8 1.1 0.4 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 « VALUE OF PBODCCTS. 1914 100.0 15.7 11.7 5.8 4.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0, 0.8 0. 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0) 0) 1909 100.0 16.3 12.7 9.3 7.0 7.2 5.5 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (') 1901 100.0 16. 13.2 9.5 6.5 7 5.2 2.9 2.7 2.6 2. 3.0 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 0. 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 0. 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 0.1 49 (1 48 '" 47| (1) VALITE ADDED BY ilAHD- FACTURE. 1914 1909 100.0 17.7 12.2 8.9 7.2 7.7 5.0 3.7 2.9 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.7 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1, 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 [:; 0.1 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. STATES AND GEOGEAPHIC DIVISIONS. 273 Value of Products foe all Industries in bach State: 1914 and 1909. I MEW vonK PENNSVLVANIA The five leading states in respect to value of manufactuied products in 1914 were New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, and Massachusetts. These states together contained about one-third of the total population of the United States in 1914, but re- ported 51.2 per cent of the total number of wage earners in manufacturing industries in 1914, 50.9 per cent of the value of manufactiu-ed products, and 53 per cent of the value added by manufacture, or a little more than one-half in each case. The first seven states in respect to value of products in 1914 were also the first seven in respect to number of wage earners and value added by manufacture. Each of these seven states held the same rank in all three respects except that Illinois, which was third in value of products and value added by manufacture, ranked fifth in number of wage earners, and Massachusetts, which was third in number of wage earners, ranked fifth in value of products and value added, by manufacture. The majority of the other states also held approximately the same rank on each basis, but there are several states whose rank in value of products was materially higher than that in number of wage earners or in value added by manufacture, this being due, in most cases, to the predominance of industries such as the slaughtering and meat-packing, flour-mill ancf gristmill, and butter, cheese, and condensed-milk industries, m which the cost of materials represents a large proportion of the total value of products. The states showing a great variation in this respect are Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and Texas. On the other hand, there are a number of states in which the reverse condition exists, and which held in 1914 a considerably higher rank in number of wage earners than in value of products. This was due largely to the importance in these states of 67031°— 17- -18 274 CENSUS OP MANUPACTTJEES : 1914. such indiistries as the manufacUire of cotton goods, iron and steel, and the Imnber industry, in which labor cost accounts for a relatively large proportion of the total value of products. Among such states are Maine, New Hampshire, Alabama, Florida, and Mississippi. Sixteen states held a higher rank in value of manufactured products in 1914 than in 1904, and 20 a lower rank, while 13 had the same rank in both years. The most pro- nounced gains in this respect are shown for Oklahoma, Texas, North Carolina, and Utah; and the most conspicuous losses for Vermont, Nebraska, and Kentucky. On the basis of average number of wage earners, 14 states gained in rank during the decade and 19 states lost in rank, while 16 states show no change. Texas, North Carolina, Louisiana, West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Idaho made the greatest gain in this respect, while Kentucky and Iowa show the greatest loss. In respect to value added by manufacture, 14 states show a gain in rank during the decade, 17 a loss, and 18 no change. The states making the greatest gains were North Carolina, South Carolina, Iowa, Oregon, and Oklahoma; while those showing the greatest losses were Maine, Louisiana, Georgia, and Missouri. Growth of manufacturing industries, by states : 1899-1914. — The manner in which the changes in the ranting of the states in manufacturing industries at the last four cen- suses have come about is indicated by Table 176, which shows the percentages of increase for the several states in value of products, value added by manufacture, and average number of wage earners. The numbers on which the percentages are based are given in Table 221. As elsewhere pointed out, the fact that the increases in value of products and value added by manufacture are almost without exception greater relatively than those in number of wage earners is in part attributable to the general advance in the prices of commodities during the last decade. Kansas, Mississippi, and Rhode Island are the only states that show a decrease from 1909 to 1914 in each of the three items covered by the table. Every state shows an increase in all three items for thejlecade 1904-1914, except Vermont, which shows a slight decrease in average number of wage earners. The greatest percentages of increase are naturally in those states in which the development of maniifacturing industries is comparatively recent. Thus, Nevada, Oklahoma, Idaho, Wyoming, Michigan, Texas', Arizona, and Utah show exceptionally high rates of increase for the ten-year period 1904-1914. Of the 10 leading manufac- turing states, Michigan, California, Ohio, Indiana, and New Jersey show the most conspicuous percentages of increase. TaWe 176 United States . New York Pennsylvania. . Illinois Ohio Massachusetts.. New Jersey . Michigan Indiana California . . . Wisconsin... Missouri Connecticut . Minnesota... Maryland - . . Texas Kansas Iowa North Carolina. Rhode Island . - Virginia PEB CENT OF INCEEASE.l Wage earners (average number). 1904- 1914 28.7 23.4 21.1 33.6 40.1 24.2 40.3 64.7 28.1 39.0 28, 14.3 24.6 33.3 18.5 52.6 16.0 27.5 60.4 16.6 28.1 1909- 1914 6.4 5.3 8.8 14.2 3.8 14.5 17.1 5.6 21.0 6.4 -0.5 7.3 9.5 3.4 6.6 -6.7 2.4 12.7 -0.1 -2.7 1904- 1909 21.0 17.2 16.0 22.8 22.7 19.7 22.5 32.1 21.3 14.9 20.6 14.9 16.1 21.7 14.6 43.1 24.6 42.3 16.7 31.6 1899- 1904 16.0 17 15.0 14.0 18.2 11.4 24.6 12.6 10.9 30.0 10.1 23.6 13.7 7.9 m 27.1 31.2 11.4 18.0 10.3 21.2 Value of products. 1904r- 1914 63.9 53.3 44.8 69.3 85.6 46.0 81.6 153.1 86.5 94.1 69.1 45.1 47.8 60.3 65.2 140.0 63.0 93.5 103.1 77.4 1909- 1914 17.3 13.2 7.8 17.1 24.0 10.1 22.8 58.6 26.2 34.6 17.8 11.1 11.2 20.5 19.7 32.4 -0.6 19.9 33.6 -0.3 20.1 1904- 1909 39.7 36.4 34.3 36.1 49.7 32.« 47.9 69.7 47.0 44.3 43.6 30.6 32.8 33.0 29.7 81.3 64.0 61.4 62.0 38.7 47.7 1899- 1904 29.7 32.9 18.5 26.8 28.3 23.8 40.0 34.2 16.9 42.7 25.8 39.0 17.1 37.6 15.3 62.0 28.7 20.8 67.1 22.1 37.0 Value added by manu- facture. 1904^ 1914 67.0 49.7 40.7 69.1 75.9 42.7 72.1 147.9 77.0 76.1 61.1 33.1 44.5 60.8 48.7 83.5 48.8 82.4 88.9 31.2 66.7 1909- 1914 16. 12.8 9.6 19.6 24.2 7.6 23.0 65.9 25.4 29.7 13.9 13.4 10.3 22.5 19.0 14.2 -6.2 18.9 26.0 -4.1 16.4 1904- 1909 36.6 32.7 28.5 33.0 41.7 32.6 40.0 69.0 41.1 36.0 32.7 17.3 31.1 31.3 24.9 60.7 68.7 63.4 49.9 36.9 44.6 1899- 1904 30. i 33.5 17.5 29.8 27.6 21.7 39.2 38.6 22.2 63.8 30.4 41.8 22.2 32.6 14.2 53.0 25.4 22.6 66.5 16.0 32.3 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. STAOTES AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS. 275 Tatole 176— Continued. PEK CENT OF INCEEASE.> STATE. Wage earners (average number). Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. 1904- 1914 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 1904- 1914 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 1904- 1914 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 39.0 12.6 48.7 8.0 24.1 22.8 9.6 62.4 20.8 26.6 21.0 25.1 65.6 219.7 72.6 53.0 26.9 32.1 20.7 -1.2 43.9 19.9 40.9 191.4 62.0 86.6 355.7 63.0 8.6 2.0 -0.1 -2.8 -1.2 3.3 0.7 2.7 11.2 0.4 9.1 -1.6 -2.8 0.3 32.7 17.9 17.6 -6.7 -3.2 -7.3 -3.2 7.1 4.3 16.2 8.5 5.2 17.4 61.9 4.3 -8.9 36.4 12.8 52.9 9.4 20.1 21.9 6.7 46.0 20.3 16.0 22.9 28.7 55.2 140.9 46.4 30.1 35.9 36.6 30.2 2.1 34.4 16.0 22.4 168.6 44.5 58.9 181.4 56.3 19.1 36.6 11.3 43.4 15.6 8.5 31.8 7.2 32.3 -3.4 18.0 26.4 11.9 28.1 129.1 48.8 -9.1 5.0 18.7 44.4 17.5 53.3 -10.1 2.3 97.2 12.0 29.2 59.1 -11.0 39.7 37.0 67.7 90.4 44.1 43.1 63.7 39.2 96.4 47.9 63.8 75.0 36.6 97.7 317.0 123.8 27.1 55.8 61.3 38.6 22.0 128.2 36.1 57.8 224.5 84.5 107.0 419.6 218.6 63.3 14.0 24.8 11.1 2.9 11.4 17.7 13.9 19.5 11.1 22.5 22.7 6.2 18.0 90.0 40.5 16.3 12.0 11.3 -1.2 12.7 27.5 6.0 14.6 27.0 35.1 10.5 35.3 79.6 18.0 20.2 34.3 71.4 40.1 28.6 30.6 22.2 63.6 33.1 33.7 42.7 29.9 67.6 119.5 69.2 10.3 39.1 44.9 40.2 8.3 79.0 28.4 37.7 155.4 36.6 87.3 283.9 77.4 38.4 67.3 59.8 81.9 26.3 18.9 48.7 27.5 47.8 14.9 61.4 48.8 12.4 61.7 200.7 116.5 25.9 35.0 47.1 70.4 22.6 37.4 -0.4 11.8 192.2 137.3 63.2 45.6 7.8 40.5 40.6 38.2 73.5 67.7 63.9 61.2 29.4 87.1 34.6 46.6 62.8 27.1 86.6 284.8 77.9 47.9 21.7 40.1 20.7 11.8 83.9 49.8 67.5 188.6 60.8 113.4 360.9 154.9 40.9 9.4 8.5 6.7 3.1 -0.9 16.3 4.9 20.9 2.1 14.2 2.1 -8.0 9.5 58.9 20.1 56.6 -2.4 1.1 -12.4 2.4 48.9 11.3 11.3 8.7 10.4 22.0 92.2 56.6 5.5 28.6 27.4 64.2 53.0 65.3 30.0 23.4 64.8 31.8 28.3 69.4 33.8 70.3 142.1 48.2 -5.5 24.7 38.5 37.8 9.2 23.5 34.6 41.6 165.5 45.7 76.0 139.8 63.9 33.6 92.7 49.2 Washington . . 92.5 23.9 —10.2 53.5 Maine 23.6 West Virginia 49.8 6.3 Alabama 42.8 28.7 Colorado . .*. 30.8 57.7 198.3 Utah 113.8 12.4 Arkansas 48.6 Florida 58.3 84.3 'y^Txrtc^t 22.0 7.4 Delaware . . -1.9 District of Columbia 18.7 200.9 South Dakota 44.1 48.0 Nevada 146.1 Wvominff 17.0 New Mexico 68.3 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. States grouped acooiding to value of products. — In Table 177 the states are arranged in six groups, according to the value of their manufactured products in 1914. The table also gives the value of products reported for each state in 1909, 1904, and 1899, and the percentage which the total value of products for each group formed of the United States total at each of the four censuses. Table 177 STATES GROUPED ACCOEDTOG TO VALUE VALUE OF PEODUCTS. OF PEODUCTS IN 1914. 1914 1909 1904 1899. United States 124,246,434,724 $20,672,061,870 814,793,902,563 511,406,926,701 $l,0O0,om,000 and over. Total 14,811,310,642 12,674,612,268 9,142,632,033 7,171,576,394 3,814,661,114 2,832,349,437 2,247,322,819 1,782,808,279 1,641,373,047 1,406,633,414 1,086,162,432 3,322,191,432 3,369,490,192 2,626,742,034 1,919,276,594 1,437,935,817 1,490,529,386 1,145,529,076 686,109,169 2,763,523,877 2,488,345,579 1,965,551,332 1,410,342,129 960,811,857 1,124,092,051 774,369,026 429,120,060 1,980,943,628 l,871,830,-872 1,649,882,380 Illinois 1,120,868,308 Ohio 748,670,855 907,626,439 653,005,684 319,691,856 $500,000,000 to 91,000,000,000. Total 1,552,620,274 730,796,021 712,800,764 695,172,002 637,952,128 545,471,517 679,076,048 529,760,528 690,305,638 574,111,070 490,271,695 393,954,405 367,218,494 411,139,681 439,548,957 369,082,091 337,071,630 California 267,385,621 326,762,878 316,304,095 Connecticut 315,106,160 276 CENSUS OP MANUFACTTJBES : 1914. Tatole 177— Continued. STATES GBOUPED ACCOEDING TO VALUE OF PKODUCTS IN 1914. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1300,000,000 to $500,000,000. Total Minnesota Maryland Texas Kansas Iowa $mi,000,000 to $300,000,000. Total North Carolina Rhode Island Virginia Louisiana Georgia WasliiQgton Kentucky Nebraska Tennessee ■. Maine $100,000,000 to $£00,000,000. Total West Virginia New Hampshire Alabama South Carolina Colorado .■ Oregon Oklahoma Less than $100,000,000. Total Utah Montana Arkansas Florida Mississippi Vermont Arizona Delaware District of Columbia Idaho South Dakota North Dakota , Nevada Wyoming New, Mexico Percentage each group of states contrib- uted to total value of products. $l,000,000;000and over 1500,000,000 to 11,000,000,000 )i300,000,000 to $500,000,000 8200,000,000 to $300,000,000 1100,000,000 to $200,000,000 Less than 3100,000,000 $1,866,366,685 $1,582,326,046 $1,060,579,763 493,354,136 '377,749,078 361,279,303 323,234,194 310,749,974 2,451,292, 409,419,621 315,669,150 272,895,635 325,104,002 259,237,637 2,143,371,048 307,858,073 243,375,996 150,628,389 198,244,992 160,572,313 1,556,381,459 289,411,987 279,545,873 264,039,041 255,312,648 253,270,511 245,326,456 230,248,909 221,615,848 212,071,489 200,450,118 1,042,651,445 193,611,782 182,843,863 178,797,633 138,891,202 136,839,321 109,761,961 102,005,693 752,621,740 87,112,360 84,446,136 83,940,587 81,112,291 79,550,096 76,990,974 64,089,610 56,034,966 28,978,241 28,453,797 24,138,566 21,147,431 16,083,304 11,223,415 9,320,067 61.1 13.7 7.7 10.1 4.3 3.1 216,656,055 280,343,797 219,793,858 223,948,638 202,863,262 220,746,421 223,764,497 199,018,579 180,216,648 176,029,393 862,459,690 142,520,776 202,109,683 148,856,525 186,379,692 151,040,455 128,821,667 159,763,968 154,918,220 137,960,476 144,020,197 691,325,993 161,949,526 164,581,019 146,961,638 113,235,945 130,044,312 93,004,846 53,682,405 645,768,942 99,040,676 123,610,904 109,169,922 79,376,262 100,143,999 55,525,123 24,459,107 462,039,687 61,989,277 73,271,793 74,916,367 72,889,669 80,556,410 68,309,824 50,266,694 52,839,619 25,289,136 22,399,860 17,870,136 19,137,506 11,886,828 6,249,078 7,897,756 38,926,464 66,415,452 63,864,394 60,298,290 57,451,446 63,083,611 28,083,192 41,160,276 18,359,159 8,768,743 13,086,333 10,217,914 3,096,274 3,523,260 5,706,880 61.3 13.4 7.7 10.4 4.3 61.8 13.4 7.2 10.6 4.0 3.1 $814,'542,907 223,692,922 211,076,143 92,894,433 164,008,544 132,870,865 1,098,749,587 85,274,083 165,550,382 108,644,150 111,397,919 94,532,368 70,831,345 126,608,660 130,302,463 92,749,129 112,959,098 433,837,894 67,006,822 107,690,803 72,109,929 53,335,811 89,067,879 36,592,714 8,133,936 335,599,645 17,981,648 52,744,997 39,887,678 34,183,509 33,718,617 51,516,228 20,438,987 41,321,061 16,426,408 3,001,442 9,529,946 6,259,840 1,261,005 3,268,555 4,060,924 62.9 13.6 7.1 9.6 3.8 2.9 STATES AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS. 277 Totals for Northern, Southern, and Western states.— Tables 221 and 222 give statis- tics for the nine geographic divisions separately, but do not give figures for the three great sections of the country— the North, the South, and the West. Table 178 gives the most important items, the per cent of increase and the per cent each section forms of the United States total, for these sections, for the four censuses from 1899 to 1914, inclusive. TalBle 178 Value Num- her of Wage Primary Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. added by manu- SECTION. estab- lish- ments. earners (average number). horse- power. facture. Expressed in thousands. United States: 1914 275, 791 7,036,337 22,547,674 $22,790,98014,078,332 $14, 368, 089 $24,246,435 $9,878,346 1909 268, 491 6,616,046 18,676,376 18, 428, 270 3, 427, 038 12, 142, 791 20, 672, 052 8, 529, 261 1904 216, 180 6,468,383 13,487,707 12,676,581 2,610,445 8,600,208 14, 793, 903 6, 293, 695 1899 207,514 4, 712, 763 10,097,893 8,976,256 2,008,361 6, 575, 851 11,406,927 4, 831, 076 The North— 1914... 197, 754 193, 850 163 224 5,558,049 5, 197, 138 4, 364, 206 3, 796, 120 16,532,080 13,730,683 10, 266, 148 ' 7,938,376 18,121,973 14, 728, 325 10, 366, 702 7,591,818 3,306,549 2, 772, 143 2, 138, 681 1,687,287 11 .'531 547 19,654,773 16, 827, 427 12,134,078 9,561,091 8, 023, 226 6,915,305 5,148,263 4,050,608 1909 9,912,122 6, 985, 816 5,610,583 1904 1899 159,663 The SotjTH— 1914 55, 752 55,808 38, 154 36, 376 22,285 18,833 14,802 1 161,660 4 442 202 3, 045, 715 2,502,490 1,664,687 1,011,312 1,623,292 1, 197, 455 644, 192 372, 126 627, 178 444, 215 1, 916, 986 1,508,299 1, 049, 090 725, 703 919, 556 3,186,205 2,637,117 1,863,696 1,289,201 1,606,457 1,207,508 806,229 656, 635 1,269,219 1, 128, 818 804,505 563,498 585,901 485, 138 340, 927 217,070 1909 1,129,307 887,310 748, 940 316,628 288, 601 3,741,911 2,530,686 1,761,946 1,573,292 1, 202, 782 - 1904 326, 630 229, 683 244,605 210, 680 146, 234 1899 The West— 1914 1909... 722, 370 466,302 339,565 1904 216, 867 701,874 1899 11,475 167, 703 397, 571 91, 491 Per cent of morease:i , United States— 1904-1914... 27.6 28.7 67.2 79.8 56.3 69.0 63.9 57.0 1909-1914... 2.7 6.4 20.7 23.7 19.0 18.3 17.3 15.8 1904-1909... 24.2 21.0 38.6 45.4 31.3 42.9 39.7 36.5 1809-1904... 4.2 16.0 33.6 41.2 30.0 29.3 29.7 30.3 The North— 1904-1914... 21.2 27.4 61.2 74.8 54.7 65.1 61.2 55.8 1909-1914... 2.0 6.9 20.4 23.0 19.3 16.3 16.2 16.0 1904-1909... 18.8 19.1 33.9 42.1 29.6 41.9 38.7 34.3 1899-1904... 2.2 16.0 29.2 36.6 26.8 26.8 26.9 27.1 The South— 1904-1914... 46.1 30.9 75.5 83.0 61.4 82.7 71.9 57.8 1909-1914... -0.1 2.9 18.7 21.7 18.7 27.1 20.8 12.4 1904-1909... 46.3 27.3 47.9 60.3 36.0 43.8 42.3 40.3 1899-1904... 4.9 18.5 43.6 64.6 42.2 44.6 43.8 42.8 The West— 1904-1914... 50.6 46.0 124.2 152.0 68.4 97.6 86.7 71.9 1909-1914... 18.3 9.7 30.8 35.6 16.1 27.3 24.7 20.8 1904-1909... 27.2 33.1 71.4 85.9 46.1 65.2 49.8 42.3 1899-1904... 29.0 29.3 76.5 73.1 58.7 37.0 44.8 57.1 Per cent of United States total: The North— 1914 71.7 79.0 73.3 79.5 81.1 80.3 80.7 81.2 1909 72.2 78.6 73.5 79.9 80.9 81.6 81.4 81.1 1904 75.5 79.8 76.0 81.8 81.9 82.2 82.0 81.8 1899 76.9 80.6 78.6 84.6 84.0 83.8 83.8 83.8 The South— 1914 20.2 16.6 19.7 13.4 12.9 13.3 13.1 12.8 1909 20.8 17.1 20.0 13.6 13.0 12.4 12.8 13.2 1904 17.6 16.2 18.8 13.1 12.5 12.3 12.6 12.8 1899 17.6 15.9 17.4 11.3 11.4 11.0 11.3 11.7 The West- 1914 8.1 4.5 7.0 7.1 6.0 6.4 6.2 5.9 1909 7.0 4.4 6.4 6.5 6.1 5.9 6.8 5.7 1904 6.8 4.0 5.2 5.1 5.6 6.5 5.4 6.4 1899 5.5 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.6 6.2 4.9 4.5 » A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Chapter V.— STATISTICS OF CITIES. The term "city," as used in this report, covers all incorporated places (including New England towns, except in Connecticut). The practice of publishing census statistics of manufactures for individual cities was begun at the census of 1879. Prior to this census the state and the county were the only political divisions for which separate manufactures statistics were given in the census reports. Beginning with the census of 1879 certain cities have been selected at each census for separate presentation. For 1879 the statistics for 100 cities were shown separately; for 1889, those for 165 cities; for 1899, those for 1,340 cities; for 1904, those for 544 cities; for 1909, those for 593 cities; and for 1914, the year covered by the present census, those for 672 cities. The basis of selection has differed at each census. For 1879, there were 279 cities chosen for special canvass, although statistics were pubhshed only for the 100 largest cities; for 1889, statistics for 1,042 cities and towns were collected by special canvass, but statistics were published separately only for places of 20,000 inhabitants or over. For 1899 the selection was based on quite a different principle; 1,340 places were selected, in advance of the enumeration, to be canvassed by special agents, because it was thought that the work could be done to greater advantage by them than by the population enumerators, who collected the statistics of manufactures elsewhere at that census, and the statistics were published for all cities thus selected. Some of these 1,340 places had both a smaller population and less manufacturing business than some canvassed by the enumerators. For the census of 1904 separate figures were published for all places of 8,000 inhabi- tants or over, and for 1909 and 1914 for all places of 10,000 or more. It has not been considered desirable to incur the heavy expense of segregating the schedules for smaller places in making the tabulations and publishing.. the results. To do. so would be the less justifiable because in many cases the data for these places, even those for all industries combined, could not be published without virtually disclosing the opera- tions of individual establishments. Moreover, in the case of many small places a large part of the manufacturing business, which to all intents and purposes be- longs to them, is conducted in estabhshments located just outside the municipal boundaries. For such places data based only on establishments within the bound- aries would be misleading, and, on the other hand, it would be impossible to deter- mine precisely in a large number of cases what outside establishments should properly be considered as pertaining to a given city or village. This condition exists also in the case of cities of more than 10,'000 inhabitants. Many manufacturers desirous of operating with all the advantages of an urban location, such as a plentiful supply of labor, good shipping facilities, and the like, piirposely build their plants just out- side the city Umits in order to escape as many of its expenses and restrictions as pos- sible. The corporate limits of some cities, moreover, have been extended so as to take in important manufacturing suburbs, while the boundaries of others have re- mained unchanged, although important manufacturing suburbs have developed. It often happens, also, that when city Hmits are established or extended the boundaries are run m such a way aa to leave outside certain plants which would naturally be expected to come within the city hmits. The real importance of a city as a manu- facturing center, therefore, can not be ascertained, except by combining with the estabhshments actually located in the city all the neighboring manufacturing estab- hshments identified or closely associated with its industrial development. The diffi- culty of determining in each case just which establishments should be so combined renders it impracticable to make such a compilation of the figures for all the cities. Consequently, the statistics for individual cities in the present report should not be taken as showing the true relative importance of each city as a manufacturing center in the broad sense. Many cities would rank very differently if the estabUshmenta in their suburbs were included. The accompanying diagrams of Columbus, Ohio; Pueblo, Oolc; and Richmond, Va., illustrate the irregularities in the boundaries of the cities, and the fact that a number of manufacturing plants are located just outside the boundaries. In the case of Richmond, Va., the boundary as it existed prior to 1914 and also the boundary established at that time are shown. (278) STATISTICS OF CITIES. 279 CITY BOUNDARIES OF COLUMBUS, OHIO; PUEBLO, COLO.; AND RICHMOND, VA., SHOWING LOCATION OF MANUFACTURING PLANTS OUTSIDE OF CITIES. COLUMBUS, OHIO CITY BOUNDARY 1914 <-N,-, V \ RICHMOND, VA. CITY BOUNDARY 1910 .. " I9ia. \ \ y HICHUOND S, CHESAPEAKE BM KH SHOPS I UHIQN STOCK TABD5 280 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. In the case of a great many of the smaller cities it was impossible to give separate statistics for some of the most important industries, because to do so would result in the direct or indirect disclosure of the operations of individual concerns. It often happens, therefore, that the most important industry in a city has to be grouped under the heading of "All other industries," and in many cases the industries for which statistics could be presented separately represent less than half of the total manufacturing interests of the city_. For these reasons it was not deemed advisable to present statistics for individual industries in cities of less than 50, 000_ inhabitants. A large part of the statistics regarding manufactures in individual cities are pre- sented in the reports for the separate states, where the details for the more important cities of the state are shown. The principal items covered by the manufactiu-es cen- sus are shown for 1914, 1909, and 1904, for all industries combined in each city of 10,000 or more inhabitants and for the leading individual industries in each city of 50,000 inhabitants or over, and more detailed statistics for the census of 1914 are like- wise shown. Summary for 130 leading cities : 1914. — Table 179 presents for the 130 cities which ranked highest in value of manufactured products, statistics in regard to population, number of establishments, average number of wage earners, value of products, value added by manufacture, and the rank in three of these items in 1914, together with the -percentage of increase for average number of wage earners and value of products for the five-year period 1909-1914. The cities are arranged in order of rank as determined by value of products. As aheady indicated, the figures relate only to the manufac- turing establishments actually situated within the boundaries of the respective cities. In the case of several of the cities establishments outside the boundary, which virtu- ally constitute a part of the city's industrial interests, have a greater value of products than those within the city itseli. The most notable instances of this character among the 130 cities are Pittsburgh and Boston, which would rank decidedly higher if the suburbs of each city were included with it than they do in the table, in which the statistics are confined to establishments within the city limits. It should be noted, further, that a considerable number of cities not listed in the table, reported more wage earners or a greater value added by manufacture than some of the cities in the table, and there were 6 cities that had a product in excess of $20,011,393 shown for Lancaster, Pa., which is the last city named on the table. In gross value of products the cities ranked as follows: Gary, Ind., forty-sixth; Duquesne, Pa., ninety-first; Cicero, 111., ninety -fourth; Farrell, Pa., one hundred and eleventh; Monessen, Pa., one hundred and fifteenth, and Lackawanna, N. Y., one hundred and twenty -fourth. Statistics for these cities can not be shown without disclosing the operations of individual establishments. The ranking shown for each item rep- resents correctly the standing of the cities named among all the cities of the country. The rank with respect to population is not shown; many cities not included in the table rank higher in population than some of those which are included. New York decidedly outranks any other city in manufacturing, although in pro- portion to its population its manufacturing interests are relatively less important than in a considerable number of other cities. Nearly one-tenth of the total value of manufactured products for the United States in 1914 (9.5 per cent) was reported from New York City. Based upon the value of products, Chicago ranked second among cities in 1914, followed by Philadelphia, Detroit, St. Louis, Cleveland, Boston, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, Milwaukee, Baltimore, Cincinnati, and Newark, in the order named. Each of these 13 cities reported in 1914 manufactured products valued at more than $200,000,000, and collectively produced 30.2 per cent of the total manufactured prod- ucts of the country. The rank of the cities of the country with respect to manufactures is in many cases decidedly different from their rank in population. Thus, in 1914, Boston ranks fifth among all the cities of the country in population, but seventh in value of manufactured products; Baltimore ranks seventh in population, but eleventh in value of manufac- tured products; and Los Angeles ranks twelfth in population, but twenty-sixth in value of products. Detroit, on the other hand, ranks fourth in value of manufactured products but ninth in population; Kansas City, Kans., by reason of the large slaughter- ing establishments there, ranks seventeenth in value of products, but sixty-seventh in population, and Akron, Ohio, twenty-first in manufactures and seventy-ninth in population. STATISTICS OF CinES. S81 w w o a E-i ■< fi O t> o o Pig HP ©^ fiw IZIM O t) a o « R a rt & o Does not include statistics and 1899. for West Orange for 1914 and 1909, or for Orange and Perth Amboy for 1904 312 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. COMPABATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 295.) TaDle 183— Contd. Cen- sus year. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of ma- terials. Value ol products. Expressed in thousands. New Jeeset — Contd. Bayonne Bloomfield Bridgeton , Camden East Orange Elizabeth Englewood Garfield Gloucester Hackensack , Harrison Hoboken Ir-vington Jersey City Kearny Long Branch Millville Montclair Morristown New Brunswick.. Newark Orange Passaic 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1914 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 18919 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 121 97 58 63 57 45 83 74 61 62 345 365 298 322 51 42 17 22 184 163 124 141 19 39 25 23 43 46 52 65 41 41 258 241 279 194 74 61 770 745 628 636 61 34 11 16 33 34 60 39 35 18 42 23 19 23 31 31 26 22 113 93 71 72 2,275 1,857 1,600 1,573 72 82 195 167 95 70 10, 150 7,519 7,0£7 4,670 3,177 2,957 2,479 2,387 2,276 2,482 22,541 16,527 12,661 7,742 1,949 1,386 854 690 12,870 12,737 12,335 9,498 91 5,869 2,630 1,945 766 738 7,404 6,893 4,040 2,859 9,290 7,883 7,227 6,712 921 640 31,021 25,454 20,353 17,391 5,094 4,001 1,303 986 410 415 3,198 2,761 2,767 2,239 382 252 161 169 218 201 307 252 6,448 5,264 4,690 3,836 63,084 59,885 60, 697 42,878 2,126 1,770 17,142 14,664 11,000 0,399 33,323 28,094 8,353 6,031 2,918 2,105 39,670 29,066 3,379 1,087 25,520 20,124 296 8,574 6,416 3,068 1,343 1,021 15,931 8,381 14,429 10,613 2,700 967 49,086 35,917 10,409 7,235 1,079 922 3,420 3,681 1,132 873 766 9,619 6,337 100,466 78, 203 2,906 2,812 31,701 23,096 $92,752 S6,774 $77,709 62,281 4,776 58,932 50,297 4,277 46,984 26,251 2,623 33,794 8,793 1,644 3,360 7,769 1,301 2,301 5,820 1,411 2,463 3,302 1,163 1,997 2,147 1,014 1,239 2,156 749 - 1,043 101,461 12,978 36,094 62,085 8,607 27,384 ,31,992 6,098 20,423 16,593 3,217 10,442 6,618 1,130 2,389 3,849 858 1,768 3,048 454 1,108 1,896 356 911 32,224 8,198 16,307 26,774 7,613 16,429 23,664 7,398 16,981 15,951 6,476 12,913 257 51 111 16,083 2,639 11,365 8,006 1,080 5,975 6,110 739 3,213 1,965 421 1,062 1,846 360 899 29,212 4,603 7,368 21,247 3,889 6,641 11,388 1,929 3,629 5,076 1,381 3,202 19,771 6,668 10,706 16,445 4,449 8,966 11,777 3,673 6,680 7,476 2,626 5,026 2,619 637 5,923 1,406 278 2,343 150,783 17,651 111,782 103,399 13,216 89,317 82,395 10,021 48,799 78,612 7,966 60,266 15, 694 3,196 8,755 10,468 2,204 7,971 2,926 506 3,605 1,983 359 984 2,338 206 449 2,362 225 584 4,161 1,813 1,856 3,678 1,424 1,699 3,810 1,628 1,384 3,169 1,098 919 2,177 227 993 1,105 139 669 666 72 419 606 86 386 642 164 367 948 130 369 782 171 299 747 146 310 16,251 2,965 6,667 11, 189 2,020 4,649 10,393 1,792 4,158 6,319 1,304 2,994 214, 169 36,647 113,438 180,111 33,071 114,627 119,026 25,622 80,689 97,182 20,365 60,772 4,564 1,278 1,939 4,943 1,133 1,442 48,659 8,049 30,940 42, 115 6,101 23,763 28,-611 3,866 13,110 18,377 2,374 7,418 $98,234 73,641 60,634 38,601 8,368 5,896 4,936 4,070 2,964 2,259 71,824 49,138 33,687 17,970 5,407 3,725 2,327 2,087 31,228 29,147 29,301 22,861 321 16,113 8,894 4,711 2,253 1,978 17,961 13,770 8,409 6,087 23,461 19,016 14,077 10,483 7,350 3,018 164,528 128,775 75,741 72,930 15,420 12,380 4,428 1,607 1,056 1,117 4,644 4,182 3,719 2,614 1,432 1,026 621 664 684 724 705 596 14,814 10,005 8,017 6,791 210,601 201,888 150,055 112,728 4,558 3,459 53,268 40,733 22,783 12,805 STATISTICS OF CITIES. 313 COMPAEATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 295.] TalDle 183— Contd. CITY. New Jebsey— Contd. Paterson Perth Amtaoy PhilUpsburg Plainfield ' Trenton Union West Hoboken... West New York.. New Mexico: Albuquerque . . New York: ' 52 cities.. 50 cities.. 39 cities.. 39 cities.. Albany Amsterdam.. Auburn. Cen- sus year. Batavia- Beacon Binghamton. Buflalo. echoes . Coming.. Cortland. Dunkirk. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 735 702 513 487 128 83 40 39 32 34 78 60 49 32 394 340 311 246 75 83 77 57 189 137 95 65 98 66 55 31 39,066 34,429 27,967 26,467 476 395 490 511 117 97 89 98 123 140 111 120 1914 57 1909 59 1914 41 1914 245 1909 266 1904 241 1S99 219 1914 2,225 1909 1,763 1904 1,638 1899 1,478 1914 lOfi 1909 101 1904 98 1S99 112 1914 68 1909 45 1904 57 1899 49 1914 59 1909 51 1914 62 19(W 57 1904 38 1899 41 Wage earners num- ber). 30,925 31,981 28,509 28,542 9,202 7,082 4,369 3,432 3,148 2,216 1,832 1,768 1,986 1,384 19,828 18,543 14,130 13,138 1,479 1,855 1,866 1,376 3,464 2,782 3,562 2,733 2,335 1,508 847 587 904,817 866,627 710, 643 605,368 9,371 9,861 8,976 8,106 10,774 10,284 7,993 6,261 6,769 6,497 6,660 5,895 2,467 2,007 1,806 7,248 6,823 5,636 5,011 64, 416 51, 412 43, 567 34, 275 5,781 8,127 6,910 8,273 2,203 2,074 2,355 1,600 2,469 2,366 2,989 2,766 3,395 2,533 Primary horse- power. 34,017 34,989 48,968 29,787 9,795 7,061 4,064 3,912 36,219 29,839 2,9 1,8 2,299 1,477 2,455 1,443 1,871 1,626 1,369,788 1,071,331 16,420 16,629 16,278 11,745 15,033 15,455 5,006 3,204 3,797 8,168 7,742 162,338 121, 791 18,496 14,181 2,521 1,486 9,226 6,661 7,250 5,194 Capital. Cost of ma- terial!,. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. $74,161 70,407 63, 696 46,894 61,814 65,683 16,421 9,764 6,723 3,308 7,161 6,508 5,101 2,460 65,345 46, 569 40,861 24,625 9,989 8,861 7,295 6,364 6,201 4,861 6,018 3,732 8,661 4,163 1,593 847 2,702,956 2,240,881 1,623,770 1,260,194 26,560 26, 276 16,676 18,011 22,645 18, 162 14,664 9,461 23,129 23,743 18,178 12,427 7,847 5,697 3,849 18,237 14, 214 11, 827 8,654 243,290 193, 041 137, 023 95, 740 14,649 12, 451 10, 003 11, 136 4,992 3,216 2,658 1,818 6,677 6,460 9,364 7,079 6,771 4,134 $16,196 15,205 13,002 11,843 4,906 3,460 2,467 1,732 1,472 887 1,176 968 1,026 761 11,134 9,726 6,921 6,003 867 1,005 875 665 1,910 1,426 1,276 1,069 1,402 729 654 489 543,813 482,330 363, 107 287,489 5,635 5,234 4,269 3,862 4,998 4,823 3,179 2,457 3,678 3,157 2,867 2,462 1,321 960 968 3,653 3,084 2,425 1,891 34, 818 28, 727 21, 622 16, 678 2,792 3,367 2,707 2,971 1,473 1,038 1,148 740 1,474 1,302 2,108 1,414 2,003 1,336 3kawanna. S40,630 34,736 27,441 25,066 136,745 104,077 6,676 4,770 3,666 2,803 2,761 1,530 1,164 813 29,943 27,673 17,551 16,681 2,090 2,478 1,392 1,408 2,830 2,488 3,122 2,529 10,045 7,409 894 584 1,802,331 1,585,428 1,140,389 870, 223 11,400 10, 521 9,377 7,507 13, 149 13, 195 8,863 6,990 9,790 8,937 8,245 5,212 2,423 1,781 1,742 10,384 8,726 6,421 5,362 157.996 136; 538 88,367 65,939 6,570 7,106 6,284 5,908 1,633 864 1,075 920 3,569 3,574 4,064 3,208 4,749 3,015 $78,429 69,263 64, 673 48,502 148,960 118, 698 11,329 9,160 6,684 4,685 5,009 3,649 3,672 2,437 54,822 49, 115 32,360 28,468 4,465 5,883 3,512 3,403 6,601 5,677 5,947 4,769 13,961 9,274 1,914 1,288 3,319,199 2,922,465 2,130,276 1,613,790 26,211 22, 826 20,209 17,269 22,476 22, 449 16,007 10,643 16, 686 16,961 13,421 9,675 5,340 4,401 3,620 18, 360 17, 114 13, 907 10, 539 247, 616 218, 804 147, 378 106, 627 11, 706 13, 518 10, 290 11, 031 3,954 3,050 3,084 2,273 6,438 6,395 8,367 6,576 9,909 6,226 314 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. (See note at head of this table, p. 295.] TaDle 183— Contd, CUT. Cen- sus year. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary- horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. New Yobk— Contd, Blmira Fulton Geneva Glens Falls GloversviUe Hornell Hudson Ithaca Jamestown Johnstown Kingston Little Falls Lockport Middletown Mount Vernon.. Newburgh., New Rochelle . . New York City. Niagara Falls... North Tonawanda 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 145 154 142 144 51 45 62 56 64 49 82 68 49 67 211 187 180 183 46 45 45 48 48 45 74 81 67 62 162 166 149 108 126 138 100 115 118 55 49 52 117 109 109 124 77 69 50 51 133 90 54 37 128 103 79 93 61 42 28 25 29,621 26,933 20, 839 19,243 156 156 85 93 74 81 4,870 3,647 3,208 3,570 3,042 2,799 1,692 1,626 1,680 1,180 2,632 2,774 2,062 3,101 5,335 6,741 6,048 7,813 2,285 2,183 2,200 1,549 1,423 1,302 815 873 873 861 7,794 6,789 5,237 4,528 2,532 2,589 2,426 3,696 3,076 3,281 2,636 2,042 3,823 4,211 2,621 2,980 2,381 2,138 2,323 2,359 1,989 1,733 1,696 1,396 1,346 1,207 670 438 4,318 4,198 4,013 3,074 870 736 517 198 585, 279 563,923 464, 716 388, 586 9,390 6,089 4,574 2,840 3,574 2,824 9,725 6,672 24,690 17,963 2,947 2,705 19, 727 6,772 4,790 6,163 1,839 1,516 3,262 3,045 13, 284 11,679 3,107 3,410 4,727 4,648 8,442 7,742 16,382 14,335 3,384 2,548 1,777 1,610 6,954 4,627 781 620 650, 962 428,838 139, 085 96, 792 11, 784 15,888 $15, 759 $2,889 $6,987 10,830 1,882 3,690 6,237 1,465 3,001 5,991 1,491 3,902 12,168 1,736 5,940 11,033 1,298 4,857 4,773 1,054 3,285 4,104 792 2,991 6,441 805 2,996 2,280 , 606 1,660 9,732 1,286 3,541 6,226 1,223 2,309 3,290 721 1,292 4,055 950 1,859 11,898 2,677 7,866 11,969 2,791 8,062 8,027 2,031 5,262 6,567 2,395 5,254 • 4,802 1,263 2,260 2,866 1,048 1,878 2,116 974 1,464 1,767 590 1,308 3,219 735 2,225 2,774 576 2,063 3,400 609 863 2,978 439 840 2,771 424 819 2,623 426 656 20,758 4,585 8,896 16,076 3,305 7,384 10, 200 2,235 4,251 8,364 1,718 3,794 5,021 1,220 3,841 5,204 1,175 3,926 3,680 943 2,561 3,589 1,153 2,986 6,880 1,334 2,940 5,924 1,366 2,582 7,119 1,096 2,112 3,211 926 1,903 8,625 1,961 6,153 6,990 1,965 4,923 4,614 1,034 2,535 3,953 1,049 2,233 10,239 1,416 5,846 10, 227 1,130 5,360 6,123 1,110 3,316 5,972 1,078 3,097 4,794 1,073 2,674 3,691 902 2,906 2,298 740 1,966 1,931 574 1,325 2,684 842 1,284 3,202 802 1,286 7,284 426 785 4,067 224 328 11,606 2,204 5,274 8,316 2,093 4,706 6,508 1,789 3,276 4,519 1,316 2,648 1,761 567 853 1,377 482 814 814 342 462 392 110 278 1,626,104 367,498 1,229,155 1,361,860 323,414 1,090,783 1,042,946 248, 128 818,029 853, 238 196,656 634,210 64,221 6,164 25,425 37,239 3,588 14,271 27,116 2,348 9,192 14,344 1,318 4,888 12,126 1,966 6,085 8,274 1,582 6,389 $12, 697 8,067 6,308 6,697 9,672 7,867 5,241 5,164 4,952 2,716 6,635 4,877 2,825 3,994 13,384 14, 171 9,341 9,070 4,848 3,648 .3,163 2,431 3,737 3,506 2,244 1,920 2,080 1,601 17,961 14,720 10,360 7,731 6,789 6,574 4,543 5,123 6,445 5,986 4,812 3,952 9,927 8,460 4,471 4,071 8,956 8,168 5,808 5,363 4,443 4,658 3,366 2,165 3,167 3,376 1,877 910 9,987 9,651 7,036 5,368 1,736 1,669 1,103 808 2, 292, 832 2,027,425 1,626,623 1, 172, 870 44,817 28,652 16,916 8,540 10,040 9,600 STATISTICS OF CITTES. 315 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES' HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. (See note at head of this table, p. 29S.] Tatole 183— Contd. CITY. New Yoek— Contd. Ogdensburg . . . . . Olean Oneonta Ossining Oswego Peekskill Plattsburg Port Chester Poughkeepsie Rensselaer Rochester Rome Saratoga Springs. Schenectady Syracuse Troy Utica Watertown Watervliet White Plains.... Yonkers NoETH Carolina 10 cities 7 cities 6 cities edties Cen- sus year. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 71 75 55 74 53 54 36 32 34 76 81 77 75 53 62 46 37 39 41 60 34 176 110 108 118 32 33 1,244 1,203 1,109 1,221 95 119 89 87 51 39 35 44 186 134 103 83 742 738 637 630 364 365 311 327 306 317 333 311 91 107 85 91 40 36 36 41 44 33 186 158 106 107 618 451 323 256 Wage earners (average num- ber). 1,259 929 809 2,633 2,259 1,337 3'(3 356 4,331 3,817 3,746 3,457 1,781 2,063 1,957 1,281 822 1,049 2,278 2,122 4,729 3,268 3,775 2,810 811 763 44,113 39, 108 31,779 28,049 3,937 3,633 3,209 2,274 602 17,707 14,931 14,316 8,494 17,551 18, 148 14,554 11,809 17,421 20, 102 19,114 22,933 12,714 13, 153 10,882 8,898 3,148 3,291 3,020 3,223 759 753 1,111 1,000 316 249 12,650 12,711 9,779 7,555 18,772 11, 153 9,264 Primary horse- power. 2,734 3,404 6,470 5,202 2,107 760 986 10,050 9,763 6,233 3,133 5,207 5,739 3,144 3,175 6,633 3,151 1,227 1,263 57,565 39,277 12,933 8.844 1,422 1,718 61,584 49, 181 26, 109 20,796 19,483 18,997 25,044 21, 874 13,458 13, 643 973 904 472 404 .20,329 16,978 57,019 32,704 Capital. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. $2, 195 $417 $2,103 2,617 517 3,508 2,722 341 2,263 1,664 306 1,501 13,389 1,866 10,055 8,952 1,339 7,728 1,462 778 1,239 2,229 226 424 2,063 243 466 11,774 2,216 8,057 11,249 1,813 6,103 6,710 1,462 4,717 7,002 1,378 4,312 3,810' 1,075 3,043 3,813 1,241 2,942 3,895 1,025 2,282 1,427 620 761 2,678 479 1,083 2,694 513 1,745 6,950 1,071 4,365 5,417 1,040 4,554 13,935 2,284 6,115 10,209 1,644 3,815 6,657 1,641 3,533 5,182 1,236 2,981 2,318 558 1,423 2,146 364 1,166 127,489 26, 600 58,630 95,708 21,518 50,674 69, 807 14,702 37,918 45,210 11,366 28, 245 12,715 2,038 12,463 8,903 1,851 10,204 5,722 1,392 6,694 3,509 869 3,462 3,670 494 1,416 4,350 464 883 3,485 284 702 1,490 211 678 57,388 12,813 22,521 51,816 10,002 21,952 22,051 9.382 16,497 13,606 4,966 9,925 63,820 11,031 23,751 51,726 10,422 21,776 38,653 7,116 16,082 28,928 5,303 12,548 42,380 8,768 17.618 39,975 9,440 16,697 32, 697 7,853 13,746 25,274 8,876 11,462 30,762 6,545 16,853 27,796 5,964 16,646 21,184 4,477 12,774 17,898 3,276 8,194 17,255 1,835 5,109 18,662 1,798 3,821 10,869 1,612 3,342 7,938 1,589 3,708 1,659 368 805 1,423 302 816 1,353 470 839 1,693 374 733 5,060 219 358 2,095 180 372 59,409 6,455 52,108 58,769 6,726 43,202 33,731 4,519 23,330 12, 239 3,264 9,542 76, 503 10,512 51,300 46,820 5,764 29,630 19,773 3,056 11,164 12,317 2,063 7,391 33,401 4,948 3,057 2,261 11,577 10,005 2,373 1,120 1,329 12, 650 10, 413 7,592 7,487 8,301 7,940 7,252 1,783 1,884 3,137 6,741 6,243 12, 791 9,037 7,207 5,576 2,755 2,296 140,697 112,676 81, 109 59.669 16,730 14,423 8,631 5,549 2,893 2,337 1,709 1,334 48,763 38, 165 33,084 17, 605 52, 164 49,435 34,687 26,546 39,930 39,293 31,861 28,739 30, 490 31, 199 22, 880 16,479 9,284 8,527 7,251 6,888 1,612 1,669 1,738 1,507 990 816 67, 223 69,334 33, 549 17,304 100,987 60,875 23,856 14,531 316 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJEBS : 1914. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 295.1 Tatole 183— Contd. CITY. Cen- sus year. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. NoETH Carolina- Continued. Ashe\nlle Charlotte Durham Greensboro High Point New Bern Raleigh Rocky Mount. . Wilmington . . . Winston-Salemi . North Dakota: 2eities 2 cities Fargo Grand Forlis Ohio: 43 cities 36 cities 28 cities 28 cities Akron Alliance Ashtabula... Barberton... Bellaire Cambridge. . . Canton Chillicothe... Cincinnati... Cleveland 19U 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1004 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 45 51 45 37 107 108 73 67 62 60 70 61 63 43 82 29 69 55 42 39 20 71 64 63 60 73 62 47 30 108 99 8,763 7,297 6,990 306 246 186 178 52 44 67 44 36 29 34 40 36 39 32 276 204 158 164 46 67 64 46 2,135 2,183 2,171 2,464 2,345 2,148 1,616 1,360 951 978 792 804 3,799 4,199 2,234 2,787 4,764 3,699 1,229 952 1,098 677 3,582 848 1,061 1,023 685 549 1,464 1,721 1,213 1,694 1,663 9,634 6,708 4,850 2,894 1,033 860 2,575 2,075 16,990 12,384 $2,915 2,812 1,522 1,174 11,808 9,461 4,850 8,465 5,217 2,271 1,545 5,240 2,550 3,093 2,970 2,114 5,468 4,680 3,803 621 17,762 1,501 14,956 1,079 4,138 509 1,696 338 1,548 317 885 152 4,915 1,255 2,662 374 2,012 615 2,027 384 804 226 728 220 999 780 3,699 867 2,022 470 1,837 605 1,768 476 25,703 2,858 12,856 1,580 9,212 986 2,188 1,662 4,316 3,463 510 343 350 387,632 323, 131 251,438 220, 141 1,275 789 913 773 1,324,744 1,025,041 2,970 2,077 1,346 1,376 1, 299, 661 959,465 597,436 423, 277 24,680 15, 831 9,626 8,269 2,333 2,524 1,868 1,471 846 373 3,118 2,603 2,597 1,455 1,230 12,255 9,964 6,938 6,149 1,657 1,674 1,553 1,112 59,861 60, 182 58, 584 64,942 103, 317 84,728 64, 041 66,341 65, 942 36,263 4,678 3,463 7,327 2,379 7,211 14,390 17,790 6,742 6,065 43, 071 27,016 4,765 3,568 106, 689 88,522 277,066 199, 898 111,313 68,216 28,638 23,725 8,665 7,212 4,298 2,076 1,286 707 14,624 7,671 6,427 2,969 2,379 37,986 25, 342 12,850 9,065 2,905 2,364 1,694 1,054 157,468 149, 896 130, 272 103,464 312,909 227,397 156,321 101,245 S386 356 229 225 1,477 1,557 735 543 447 325 288 218 246, 565 179,586 128, 250 98,923 $2,138 2,264 1,247 821 7,482 6,631 2,869 2,604 12,503 9,654 2,106 1,106 978 508 3,145 1,205 1,620 1,276 512 433 1,703 3, 185 1,903 1,715 1,392 16,213 6,896 3,843 1,633 2,734 2,661 1,741 1,410 993 1,251 776,284 606,328 368,734 289,300 17,310 66,062 8,936 43,071 4,893 20,410 3,616 12,720 1,617 3,666 1,462 2,8.53 1,346 2,825 814 2,084 456 996 165 527 1,734 4,106 1,666 9,278 1,412 7,159 1,112 2,340 919 2,885 8,550 21, 808 ,5,719 14, 644 2,964 4,594 2,345 4,349 852 2,571 707 3,038 670 1,928 423 878 33,159 114,107 31,097 101, 407 27,390 83,258 23,104 71,391 67,351 198,493 48, 063 154,915 33,460 97,578 26,518 76,465 $3,149 3,198 1,918 1,300 10,962 10,460 4,860 4,187 27,697 23,027 3,464 2,031 1,744 926 5,932 1,910 2,916 •2,376 1,087 947 2,743 5,026 3,005 2,904 2,283 37,288 16,778 11,363 4,888 4,822 4,387 3,006 2,477 1,816 1,910 1,380,537 1,074,492 677,497 540,824 1 Incorporated 1913. Statistics for 1909, 1904, and 189. . Allentown 297 274 257 216 70 44 73 67 59 44 42 47 40 49 39 41 38 30 71 82 80 65 32 69 60 48 41 43 34 32 26 50 50 19 18 59 67 29 153 128 131 121 61 47 44 53 42 39 34 36 24 18 15 18 118 126 97 ■106 363 390 261 260. 45 34 63 46 13,685 11,481 8,984 7,355 10,732 8,409 9,540 6,573 2,639 2,180 2,232 2,174 1,496 1,583 1,140 1,040 1,225 815 1,178 1,318 1,490 1,200 1,809 3,303 2,807 2,093 792 1,897 1,603 1,475 1,023 1,603 1,334 337 337 1,650 1,364 1,904 6,295 6,986 7,061 6,972 2,141 2,773 3,034 2,619 1,087 1,035 1,105 920 948 1,019 1,133 614 4,062 3,388 2,720 3,202 11,016 9,619 8,416 8,032 1,479 710 494 270 22,219 19,101 26,716 21,569 13,455 11,343 13,794 16,094 11,238 6,380 9,481 7,503 6,518 6,521 4,116 3,300 5,215 5,369 3,283 2,472 4,535 4,226 3,276 2,122 4,213 18,380 16, 753 9,910 1,419 2,896 2,307 2,679 1,452 2,907 2,064 2,202 2,253 3,740 3,484 3,433 25,148 23,928 22,070 17,672 3,513 3,690 2,994 2,256 3,246 3,275 3,296 2,333 1,536 938 1,041 1,021 9,462 7,687 4,336 4,346 38, 530 29,793 22,963 19,063 13,516 3,739 1,039 803 6,501 5,061 3,312 2,634 6,915 5,750 5,564 3,717 1,616 1,218 1,123 971 632 693 804 785 756 626 687 655 841 697 811 2,061 1,561 1,114 416 945 636 606 340 701 511 231 220 756 699 1,061 3,606 3,392 3,417 3,131 825 1,107 943 881 689 676 686 484 362 369 464 276 2,278 1,524 1,180 1,200 6,736 4,991 4,363 3,925 954 510 462 147 20,706 15,581 9,873 8,977 13,753 9,134 7,248 6,883 4,222 3,015 2,242 3,869 2,262 2,330 2,651 3,347 2,738 2,565 2,617 2,442 1,693 1,635 4,137 11,005 7,581 4,660 520 1,531 1,253 1,113 470 2,073 1,431 902 627 1,647 1,170 1,272 13, 101 11,576 10,422 8,671 1,855 2,671 2,453 2,572 789 817 1,246 829 477 528 650 490 4,671 3,424 2,684 3,193 16,095 11,934 9,427 8,208 5,609 1,429 636 313 33,918 26,263 16,841 14,990 22,593 16,763 14,350 11,273 7,963 6,400 4,908 6,229 3,787 3,712 4,022 6,094 4,125 4,091 4,034 3,887 3,192 3,125 5,037 15,006 11,034 6,832 1,403 3,170 2,623 2,316 1,146 3,415 2,496 1,724 1,184 3,075 2,466 2,909 21,021 19,373 16,645 14,940 3,341 4,807 3,887 4,214 1,994 1,971 2,395 1,753 1,269 1,494 1,460 1,132 10,357 6,915 5,069 5,425 29,447 23,812 18,639 16,493 10,608 2,228 1,382 687 13,213 10,682 6,968 6,013 8,840 7,629 7,102 4,390 Altoona 7,682 9,158 Beaver Falls... 7,327 5,141 3,741 3,385 2,666 2,370 Bethlehem' Braddoclc 2,485 3,086 8,266 7,332 1,625 1,382 1,371 1,747 1,387 1,626 Bradford 3,957 3,856 1,417 1,445 1,599 1,490 Bristol 4,487 13,875 11,886 900 Butler. . . 4,001 3,463 2,172 883 Carbondale — 2,196 1,407 1,639 1,270 1,203 676 Carlisle Carnegie Chambersburg. Charleroi Chester 2,375 1,735 1,342 1,145 3,741 3,126 4,025 19,160 17,131 1,342 1,065 822 557 1,628 1,286 1,637 7,920 7,797 6,223 6,369 Columbia 4,146 6,589 1,486 2,136 1,434 1,642 Connellsville... Dubois Dunmore 3,205 4,526 3,130 3,174 1,731 1,266 1,205 1,164 1,150 924 792 966 910 642 Easton 7,272 5,965 5,686 3,491 2,376 2,232 Erie 26,852 21,758 13,352 11,878 9,212 8,285 Franklin Greater Punx- sutawney. Greensburg — 7,031 4,389 1,043 533 4,999 799 846 374 ' Does not include Allegheny, annexed to Pittsburgh in 1907. « while tho Tinnnliii-inn tnr IQ nO wao in avnat^a nf in IW I n4-nf.r.».. ^or 1899 and 1904 are not available. 320 CENSUS OP MANTJFACrUEES : 1914. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p, 295.) Tatole 183— Contd. CITY. Cen- sus year. Num- ber ot estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. Pennsylvania — Con, Harrisburg Hazelton Homestead Johnstown Lancaster Latrobe Lebanon McKeesport McKees Rocks... Mahanoy City Mead vine.. Mount Carmel. Nanticoke Newcastle Norristown — Oil City Philadelphia... Phoenixville... Pittsburgh 1... Pittstou 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 219 199 175 175 76 77 62 45 30 26 27 15 136 96 82 66 304 305 300 284 25 97 109 103 97 73 68 75 67 39 30 33 33 29 29 57 59 52 46 30 20 19 9 35 16 12 17 95 82 71 71 105 111 84 77 36 33 36 42 8,454 8,375 7,087 7,503 34 31 1,741 1,668 1,562 1,301 39 40 40 27 7,966 9,743 7,965 6,439 2,744 2,682 1,406 822 260 171 307 164 12, 177 10, 233 6,914 5,600 8,862 7,955 8,693 7,504 670 5,270 5,691 4,387 4,475 6,867 8,246 8,848 7,213 3,648 3,554 661 590 238 301 1,676 2,036 1,300 1,201 978 600 197 109 747 344 229 140 6,381 5,521 5,433 4,529 3,959 3,818 3,517 2,944 2,276 1,283 1,657 1,683 251, 286 251, 294 228, 899 214, 775 2,927 2,699 69, 620 67, 420 71, 618 71, 794 729 792 830 357 24,216 22,355 3,334 3,112 1,276 890 116, 466 116, 713 14,555 10,027 9,574 22, 201 21,717 56, 599 49,935 11,534 8,872 833 763 2,895 2,467 407 322 796 437 71, 118 64,897 8,713 4,447 2,467 465, 678 365,708 19, 081 16, 162 308, 823 307, 216 2,102 2,133 {21,650 22,925 15,921 7,997 5,508 5,209 2,575 1,320 1,480 1,273 733 173 36, 707 45,978 59, 589 16,437 21,232 17, 439 12,395 9,470 7,055 15, 149 12, 276 7,831 5,676 42, 482 43,433 16, 286 15,088 10,886 9,210 1,106 994 467 611 4,305 2,651 1,761 1,168 809 436 317 334 1,318 416 314 291 26, 872 27,058 18,490 12,953 9,173 6,984 6,307 3,674 6,514 3,344 4,387 3,804 772, 696 688, 782 520, 179 445, 725 8,698 8,765 309, 217 283,059 260, 765 211, 774 2,324 2,337 1,614 902 14,457 {10,605 $18,872 4,541 14,083 22,666 3,673 10,327 16,571 2,528 9,006 14,996 1,217 3,271 5,694 940 2,702 4,707 434 1,130 2,186 234 293 999 178 459 1,019 111 322 659 171, 266 713 93 101 266 8,686 34,441 50,974 6,094 31,424 46,774 3,865 19,755 28,892 2,965 13,908 21,365 4,067 11,139 20,011 3,236 8,803 15,934 3,089 7,698 14,648 2,669 6,453 12,750 381 926 2,213 2,370 5,109 9,871 2,441 6,778 11,429 1,791 3,279 6,978 1,779 4,746 7,658 5,248 20,917 33,743 6,031 27, 296 42,495 6,621 12,310 23,054 4,147 21,836 36,058 2,419 3,955 7,894 2,280 6,358 9,582 255 413 1,057' 166 383 868 93 133 431 74 113 401 879 1,866 5,068 969 1,674 3,498 602 964 2,075 636 889 1,668 287 709 1,280 144 416 785 79 427 620 39 260 393 183 417 996 118 176 415 65 160 368 44 182 310 5,058 29,547 38,385 4,024 31,134 38,341 3,430 21,212 28,923 2,988 13, 146 20,016 1,819 4,424 8,421 1,553 3,274 7,325, 1,315 2,867 6,926 977 2,159 4,107 1,559 2,041 4,872 872 1,380 2,966 928 1,334 3,082 878 3,688 6,164 138,249 451, 197 784,500 126,049 427,860 743,720 107, 640 333,352 591,388 94,737 296, 175 619,982 1,643 3,789 6,239 1,180 3,717 5,876 45,068 149,915 246,694 39,939 148,507 243,392 39,806 124,581 211,269 37,635 128,458 218,198 354 787 1,900 316 1,067 1,969 307 728 1,475 158 623 998 • Includes .statistics for Allegheny, annexed in 1907, STATISTICS OF tJITlteS. 321 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY POR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. |Seo note at head of this table, p. 296.) Tatole 183— Contd. CITY. Cen- sus year. Num- bei^ol estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products.. Expressed in thousands. Pennsylvania — C-on. Plymouth Pottstown. Pottsville. Reading Scranton. Sharaokin. Sharon Shenandoah. South Bethlehem. Sunbury . Tamaqua... Taylor Uniontown. Warren Washington.. West Chester. Wilkes-Barre. Wilkinsburg.. Wiliiamsport . York All other cities' . 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1C04 1S99 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1914 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 17 23 23 24 77 77 77 65 115 90 79 77 486 482 402 403 308 293 258 247 51 39 48 46 48 44 46 29 30 22 43 49 46 38 44 39 46 6 43 41 72 72 64 73 55 35 188 176 129 138 29 24 30 16 176 154 115 142 247 214 228 241 127 100 18 18 478 908 827 756 2,622 3,619 3,457 2,681 3,506 2,808 1,904 1,699 24,131 24, 145 18,053 16,892 12, 569 12,851 10,912 11, 139 2,634 1,623 897 762 2,298 2,545 475 242 170 107 10, 892 7,985 6,764 4,645 1,718 2,069 974 333 776 335 1,876 1,489 2,002 1,896 894 916 8,107 7,553 5,920 4,749 194 185 184 100 6,015 5,594 5,296 4,717 10, 861 9,836 7,9.52 6,851 22,848 19,054 4,656 4,762 963 1,412 18, 678 17, 420 25,978 16,232 46, 702 43, 193 24,994 20,564 2,706 1,862 18, 762 22, 192 1,497 1,382 117,017- 31,562 3,091 2,835 996 476 2,195 1,620 4,347 3,960 4,016 2,891 1,678 934 11,867 12, 109 1,094 1,016 12,041 11,628 18,965 14,799 260,548 170, 773 S832 S173 S441 2,544 281 704 669 210 447 470 139 241 6,157 1,156 6;i99 9,958 1,722 8,998 6,420 1,516 6,438 4,683 1,166 4,845 15,495 1,474 7,111 13,942 1,276 6,824 3,304 759 4,025 3,107 661 3,430 45,334 11, 886 31,386 41,053 11,011 29,848 27,123 7,265 16,709 25,934 6,683 16,996 25, 162 6,040 15,799 22,494 6,146 14,282 19, 161 4,428 11,253 18,984 4,388 17,220 4,532 1,030 3,556 3,227 499 2,129 1,115 2G0 1,026 686 197 700 12,463 1,640 3,551 11,424 1,500 3,791 1,637 209 912 1,051 134 336 740 100 181 313 47 94 68, 793 7,389 22,621 41,121 4,973 16,967 18,059 2,753 7,201 8,047 2,113 4,862 5,697 912 2,782 4,768 1,118 2,228 990 448 1,034 246 99 84 4,666 488 772 1,686 225 379 7,793 1,2-14 5,701 6,796 836 3,676 4,160 1,217 2,844 3,519 1,009 2,062 4,149 537 773 2,489 478 667 19,014 3,830 8,014 16,011 3,323 6,433 11,716 2,496 5,265 9,702 1,745 4,309 560 144 262 535 129 262 427 127 235 216 62 126 17,675 3,190 8,625 13,953 2,478 6,992 12.004 2,026 6,016 8,661 1,767 5,601 29,362 5,031 11, 161 21,407 4,200 8,304 14,292 3,039 6,480 8,794 2,346 6,460 123,362 17, 176 77,078 109,489 13,478 80,862 18,643 3,041 10,750 6,266 2,084 9,936 S831 1,179 860 533 8,866 12,502 8,146 7,367 10, 196 8,979 5,806 4,830 53,232 61, 136 30, 491 32,682 28, 722 26,366 20,453 24,742 5,542 3,644 1,444 1,147 6,373 6,962 1,573 888 595 302 40, 179 26, 417 16,275 9,964 6,116 4,460 1,687 245 2,237 1,347 8,611 6,744 6,094 4,311 2,086 2,146 16, 734 13,526 11,000 8,617 572 538 472 246 15,864 13, 202 11,307 9,726 22, 043 17,660 13,333 10, 560 105, 793 107, 207 16, 746 14,034 '.All other cities include: Coatesville, Dickscm City, Duquesne, Farrell (formerly South Sharon) Monessen, North Braddock, Old Forge, and Steelton in 1914; Coatesville, Duquesne, Monessen, North Braddock, Old Forge, South Sharon, and Steelton in 1909; Steelton in 1904 and 1899. 67031°— 17- -21 322 CENSUS OF IVtA'irUFACTUEES : 1914. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continaei. [See note at head of this table, p. 295.] Table 183— Contd. CITY. Cen- sus year. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wagi Cost ot ma- terials. Value of products. Value ad'dei by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Rhode Island: 10 cities 9 cities 8 cities Scities Central Falls Cranston Cumberland East Providence. Lincoln . Nev/port Pawtucket . Providence. Warwiclc , . . Woonsocket South Carolina 5 cities 4 cities 4 cities 4 cities Anderson Charleston . . . Columbia Greenville Spartanburg., South Dakota: 2 cities 2 cities Icity Icity Aberdeen 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1901 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1,907 1,0S6 1,320 1,358 45 43 33 36 39 28 13 13 24 29 38 26 21 15 15 89 54 46 43 235 217 186 191 1,207 1,080 881 929 68 49 37 27 157 130 103 104 303' 247 220 195 28 120 110 108 104 71 54 41 41 49 41 30 22 35 36 35 28 123 120 61 48 93,042 91, 142 71, 943 06,718 209,364 163,335 3,077 2, 47.-, 2,443 2,372 2,218 1,711 587 493 4,6«6 6,359 1,906 2,041 1,381 836 2,802 893 726 849 881 16, 713 15, 275 12,054 10,712 44, 176 46, 381 39, 804 38,368 6, 439 6,471 6,153 5,465 10, 952 10, 703 8,672 7,591 9,419 8,179 8, 697 7,409 1,146 2, 7.37 2,874 3,4,50 3,187 2,228 2,350 2,393 2,091 1,428 1,182 1,204 770 1,880 1,773 1,6.50 1,361 1,485 972 40,'-| 311 S260,368 233,477 158,340 131, 794 6,037 4,992 5,473 3,707 15,337 15, 112 9,424 7,123 10, 282 1,339 869 36, 148 29, 510 65,011 56, 410 24,, 576 22,011 36, 707 23,571 29,614 19,726 7,635 4,975 4.950 3,970 6,724 5,030 1,902 1,817 15,970 16,351 7,089 6,479 3,643 2,191 6,965 1,871 968 1,286 1,407 50,354 40,094 27, 178 20,451 119, 673 118,512 95, 666 79, 686 15, 407 13,368 8,253 8,318 28,680 27,700 15, 462 13,954 23,576 19,972 15,480 12, 693 6,191 5,165 4,824 9,330 7,363 4,087 2,574 5,841 4,965 3,389 1,912 2,575 5,776 6,573 5,807 5,398 7,348 6,998 4,745 3,879 3,497 1,9.30 2,059 1,081 4,380 4,471 2,869 2,335 6, 216 3,737 1,748 927 379 295 880 640 1,473 1, 132 S49, 604 46,082 32,709 27, 849 ((133,621 124,982 87, 218 70,418 1,486 1,021 965 883 1,361 1,003 332 249 2,371 2,231 1,003 932 574 332 1,273 632 480 489 443 8,564 7,255 5,100 4,331 21, 482 24,449 19, 555 16,931 3,129 2,803 2,144 1,826 5,303 4,908 3,5.50 2,854 3,811 2,747 2,457 1,853 392 1,227 1,013 1,054 919 1,091 870 798 519 553 .365 257 146 5 IS 499 .348 270 986 663 248 1,52 ir< 3,784 3,381 3,330 2,726 3,770 2,887 596 613 4,459 4,618 4,908 5, 060 4,254 4,288 2,980 860 570 556 653 24,901 21, 540 14,112 9,977 63,970 64, 770 49,973 42,551 6,933 5,394 3,848 2,441 17,056 16, 762 10,879 7,169 13,, 530 10,838 9, 035 0, 979 1,258 3,334 4,229 3,748 3,507 4,225 3,296 2,642 1,818 2,435 1,228 1,101 718 2,278 2,086 1, ,544 900 8,662 2,610 1,06B 322 1,161 1,011 3233,345 226, 192 157, 762 131,530 6,748 5,471 5,091 4,511 6,706 6,625 1,639 1,403 7,972 9,827 7,000 7,146 6,644 6,347 5, 485 2,299 1,379 1,347 1,575 42,029 37, 696 25,847 19, 272 115,335 120, 241 91, 981 78, 657 11,656 10,589 7,052 6,020 28, 115 28,218 19, 261 14, 745 21, 874 17,664 14, 488 11,405 1,904 6,862 6,951 6,007 5,713 6, 765 5,295 4,677 3,134 3,880 2, 142 1,677 967 3,473 3,276 2,127 1,591 11,5,57 4,464 1,898 881 1,849 1,575 899,721 101, 210 70, 614 61,112 2,964 2,090 1,761 1,785 2,936 2,738 1,043 790 3,513 5,209 2,092 2,080 1,290 1,059 2,505 1,439 809 791 922 17,125 16, 156 11,735 9,295 51,365 65, 471 42,003 36, 106 4,723 5,195 3,204 3,579 11,0.59 11,456 8,682 7,576 8,344 6,826 6,453 4,120 646 2,618 2,722 2,259 2,206 2,540 1,999 2,035 1,286 1,445 914 576 249 1,195 1,191 - 583 685 2,895 1,824 832 502 688 564 STATISTICS OF CITIES. 323 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOB CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, Vi03, 1904, AND 1899— Coatiuued [See note at head of this table, p. 295.] Tabjp 183-Contd. CITY. Cen- sus year. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. South Dakota — Continued. Sioux Falls 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 88 83 61 48 1,202 1,090 90.3 744 1,106 677 465 311 28,684 27,825 26,093 23,302 2,509 1,402 S4,743 2,005 1,748 927 103, 722 77,926 44,554 35, 116 $734 385 248 152 15,248 13,000 10,877 8,372 17,501 1,629 1,066 322 01,267 49,954 36, 579 27, 572 $9, 708 2,889 1,898 884 106, 141 86, 407 64,888 47,831 $2,207 1, 2(iO 832 562 Tennessee: 6 cities 81,087 65,972 44, 874 36, 453 28,309 20, 2,59 Chattanooga 276 185 177 149 46 42 42 33 30 142 156 138 102 354 329 289 223 354 384 257 237 2,071 1,614 1,040 879 7,182 6,410 6,420 4,729 1,509 1,405 1,268 1,018 611 2,420 2,362 2,999 4,203 8,389 7,927 7,374 6,626 .8, 573 9,721 8,032 6,726 31,789 26, 303 17,435 14, 647 21,227 17, 509 20,716 16, 125 10,394 7,459 3,090 2,236 1,619 980 1,736 4,773 4,717 3,744 5,036 44,435 26, 968 13,296 9,767 28,966 27,880 15, 601 11,874 116,157 79,347 39,114 28,074 3,836 2,816 2,564 1,616 856 673 498 400 271 1,063 887 1, 048 1,288 4,901 4.288 3,543 2,792 4,321 4,336 3,224 2,276 20,437 15,603 9,614 7,417 10,763 8,434 7,474 6,421 1,840 1,215 1,183 693 1,952 4,3.56 4,998 4,101 3,552 23,005 17,851 11,339 7,879 19, 361 17,4.56 12,482 9,027 86, 126 66,714 31,970 20,626 20,369 16,030 14,261 10,518 3,417 2,710 2,318 1,677 2, 600 7,346 7,769 6,699 6,202 39, 133 30, 242 20,043 14,233 33,278 29,650 21,567 16,301 139,929 109, 559 .56, 516 37,036 9,616 7,602 6,787 4,097 3,858 2,789 1,577 1,495 1,135 881 Johnson City Knoxville 3,211 6,168 4,816 643 2,990 2,771 2, 593 2,650 24,693 21.320 16, 128 12,391 8,704 6,354 Nashville 21,930 19,538 13,915 12, 194 9, 085 6,274 Texas: 24 cities 20 cities 11 cities 11 cities 106,710 74,440 63,803 42,845 24, 646 16,410 18 36 114 108 62 84 67 56 14 9 26 24 412 305 247 177 30 29 25 29 117 88 54 38 180 147 10(2 63 116 81 67 100 ■ 276 249 209 107 311 891 754 641 495 1,073 863 76 51 886 825 5,284 4,882 3,445 2,842 954 833 725 663 2,347 1,752 1,158 716 2,308 2,059 1,423 943 1,410 1,094 761 1,422 '5,607 5,3.38 5,056 502 1,791 4,824 2,211 567 1,094 2,957 2,340 1,257 695 4,940 4,007 257 51 1,463 773 23,489 17,688 10,891 6.462 1,052 1,108 1,052 1,10^ 8,666 4,2,52 1,673 793 8,595 7.443 3,170 2,153 7,210 4,572 2,986 4,688 2.'-., 443 16,594 8,877 69 255 611 415 349 "243 674 645 25 19 654 533 3,464 2,604 1,759 1,323 609 516 4,')5 361 1,663 1,093 710 402 1,542 1,255 843 565 955 707 470 640 3,590 3,260 2,892 1,056 165 509 1,714 1,627 771 457 3,442 3,444 74 46 1,359 859 19, 570 16,966 9,207 5,398 1,175 593 591 - 379 2,873 1,496 1,131 539 5,832 5,266 3,189 2,147 5.716 4,267 1,599 2,026 16,124 M,.321 7. 617 4,195 311 986 3,371 2,845 1,569 765 5, 191 4,831 167 121 2,246 1,577 31,065 26,959 15,628 9,488 2,069 1,314 1,235 840 6,135 3,637 2,378 1,213 9,974 8,661 6,663 3,483 8,692 6,308 2,997 3,675 25, 863 23,015 13,564 7,492 146 Amarillo 477 Austin , 1,218 798 303 Beaumont Brownsville 5,580 4,596 486 414 1,541 1,499 15,517 13,808 1,749 . 1,387 93 75 887 11,495 6,421 4,090 Denison 3,652 2,306 894 644 461 6,778 3,396 3,262 1,247 674 Fort Worth 7,815 6,614 4,142 3,395 2,479 1,341 Galveston 8,939 3,633 2,976 i 2,041 1,398 i 1,650 Houston 18,004 14, 866 9,744 5,947 1 3,297 324 CENSUS Of MANtTFAClWEES: 1914. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. (Sec note at head of this table, p. 295.] Talt)le 183— Contd. Cen- sus year. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. Texas — Continued . Laredo Marshall. . Palestine - Paris San .\ngelo.. San Antonio.. Sherman. Temple Texarkana.. Tyler Waco.. Wichita Falls.. Utah: Seities 2 cities 2 cities 2 cities Ogden. Provo Salt Lake City.. Vermont: 3 cities.. 3eitie.s.. 2 cities.. 2 cities.. Barre Burlington Rutland. . . Vibginia: 1 9 cities. . 9 cities... 8 cities . . . 8 cities... Alexandria 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 28 23 18 14 28 22 20 20 42 45 30 26 239 194 141 113 36 36 39 31 37 37 29 20 23 125 92 76 80 31 509 313 255 20S 63 51 33 366 245 192 154 lis 139 110 139 87 82 67 78 65 63 51 61 1,089 992 715 717 270 213 615 372 1,166 977 648 745 613 641 161 115 4,083 3,105 2,457 2,683 389 273 307 314 342 366 9.55 506 484 1,125 1,033 947 1,004 377 7,155 5,610 3,789 2,832 530 353 1,963 1,326 1,302 1,209 2,220 2,489 937 6,908 2,366 2,150 1,894 1,323 1,013 678 330 4,931 4,287 2,776 2,154 6,269 6,347 4,103 3,728 2, 366 2,340 2,132 2,371 2,300 2,232 1,771 1,636 1,803 1,496 41,363 36, 782 29, 150 28,142 1,504 1,470 1,291 859 1,566 1,616 2,669 1,332 769 5,452 3,669 2,085 16, 741 9,199 3,184 2,606 802 12, 765 6,693 17, 138 14,866 5,975 4,645 8,004 8,359 3,159 1,862 85,838 70, 722 3,375 3,250 $333 213 221 •203 2,040 1,690 906 1,524 1,687 1,381 380 306 11, 449 8,629 5,259 3,929 2,968 1,638 1,586 748 1,702 916 1,952 686 661 3,964 3,561 2,142 1,768 2,367 25,589 16,222 6,868 4,213 5,382 2,324 1,521 857 960 19,247 13,898 6.337 3,356 12,801 11,607 7,304 6,483 2,598 2,481 6,226 6,476 6,124 4,502 3,978 2,650 2,180 1,981 100,661 74,364 54,804 35, 445 4,574 4,637 2,328 1,606 S105 87 181 162 691 653 504 481 272 247 104 71 2,412 1,760 1,362 1,557 221 136 153 136 237 215 614 313 288 699 588 440 372 254 6,236 3,883 2,416 1, .532 1,262 873 711 355 173 3,801 3,010 1,704 1,177 3,568 1,693 1,411 1,904 1,814 1,030 991 836 767 1,056 763 8.57 644 19,633 14,316 10,073 8,740 8.W 697 665 374 $144 74 196 139 1,066 803 634 622 1,538 862 267 133 10,090 6,952 3,741 2,951 6,864 4,047 2,149 1,070 958 834 1,116 449 537 3,583 2,965 1,779 1,326 1,916 12,612 8,680 4,913 2,666 3,568 2,065 1,398 679 611 8.533 6,615 3,516 1,977 7,056 0,445 4,966 4,129 1,336 1,108 4,109 4,130 3,804 3,294 1,610 1,207 1,162 836 72,245 63,644 31,118 26,411 1,960 2,731 992 670 S345 221 454 331 2,099 1,787 1,222 1,313 2,284 1,430 499 318 17,849 13,436 7,402 6,989 7,028 4,676 2,641 1,461 1,452 1,346 1,994 897 996 5,612 4,769 2,980 2,294 2,673 23,621 17, 064 10,051 5,521 6,014 3,713 2,507 1,242 844 16, 663 13, 351 7,544 4,279 14, 206 13, 332 8,879 8,025 4,292 3,852 6,637 6,800 6,356 6,066 3,277 2,680 2,623 1,959 128, 954 96,604 57, 792 49,239 3,660 4,420 2,187 1,539 » Does not include statistics for Newport News. STATISTICS OP CITIES. 325 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 296.1 Tattle 183— Contd. CITY. Cen- sus year. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Value added "ty manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. ViBGINlA— Contd. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 19)4 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 19M 1909 1904 43 62 34 46 73 82 65 61 211 215 121 140 87 72 72 77 42 31 28 22 466 380 300 276 73 62 54 38 45 44 2,024 1,629 997 691 2,691 3,076 3,018 2,933 3,474 4,026 2,534 1,487 5,900 4,749 2,936 2,638 3,903 3,887 3,288 3,608 • 767 842 561 471 17,282 14,849 12,444 13,715 5,496 3,644 3,089 2,431 346 339 30,673 28,508 14,831 10,767 7,209 4,634 $6,783 6,059 6,119 4,324 8,426 9,217 4,268 2,300 13, 757 10,744 4,374 4,419 6,497 5,221 4,562 3,175 1,478 1,233 664 815 48,667 31, 660 30,942 16,890 9,666 4,828 2,657 1,916 813 715 136,551 104,831 43, 664 19,110 $1,042 963 811 664 1,645 1,544 789 451 2,534 2,041 1,091 904 1,392 1,107 866 792 347 307 185 132 8,440 5,821 4,160 4,316 3,328 1,718 1,626 1,107 149 118 23,732 20,642 9,932 5,934 $3,212 3,236 2,766 1,867 6,611 6,468 2,883 1,526 8,308 6,482 3,202 2,642 8,393 5,759 3,794 3,115 1,017 776 486 614 30,569 24,252 13,763 11,485 11,198 4,044 3,232 3,593 1,087 896 80,281 64,212 29,795 19,412 $6,568 5,389 4,775 3,694 9,919 10,188 4,965 2,994 14,955 10,341 5,739 4,692 12,610 8,896 5,891 5,293 1,731 1,528 945 960 62,491 47,358 27,745 24,669 16,682 7,261 5,645 5,398 1,448 1,223 136,691 113,146 63,281 32,973 $2,346 2,153 2,009 1,827 Lynchburg 6,606 7,952 3,408 3,720 2,082 Norfolk 20,408 1,469 6,647 4,869 2,637 2,160 Petersburg 6,649 6,239 4,217 3,137 2,097 2,178 Portsmouth 2,664 1,777 714 752 459 346 Richmond 33,940 20,087 31,932 23,106 13,982 13,184 11,708 6,774 6,384 3,217 2,313 1,805 Staunton 860 601 142,946 98,309 361 Washington: ' 10 cities 327 66,410 48,933 5 cities 23,486 13,561 • Aberdeen 60 43 86 96 73 47 98 93 33 42 35 1,014 763 467 362 277 284 188 84 339 277 236 174 28 47 48 33 34 706 436 361 327 1,668 1,509 1,922 1,666 1,314 1,602 1,959 2,200 1,667 682 601 12,429 11, 523 6,390 4,440 3,020 3,901 2,428 1,060 6,765 6,820 4,467 3,652 360 311 388 242 213 23,408 15,601 11,687 9,830 13,280 9,582 10,170 - 6,176 4,830 4,660 6,940 3,288 2,981 1,719 6,298 6,785 4,089 2,384 2,293 61,317 46,867 22,344 7,682 18,891 16,220 5,407 2,211 28,287 23,482 11,769 6,790 1,089 2,426 2,336 1,063 708 58,489 34, 511 26,108 17,886 1,219 996 1,318 1,027 858 649 1,610 1,686 1,287 402 373 9,936 8,689 4,318 2,682 2,465 3,036 1,669 616 4,964 4,714 2,906 1,956 282 250 323 181 132 14,217 8,241 6,923 4,266 2,612 2,172 3,366 2,422 1,651 1,5.53 4,000 3,485 3,042 873 930 37,770 28,783 14,358 8,864 9,464 10,089 4,700 2,033 17,391 14,946 8,167 6,341 667 1,216 1,385 929 621 37,922 27,270 18,651 13,449 4,815 3,590 6,264 4,600 3,294 2,629 6, ,530 6.593 5,009 1,938 2,162 64,475 50,814 25,406 15,323 16,636 18,617 8,831 3,756 27,708 24,462 14,264 10,301 1,301 2,016 2,317 1,486 964 67,321 46,303 32,083 23,079 2,203 BeUingham. 1,418 2,898 2,178 1,643 1,076 Everett 13,663 10,021 12,377 2,343 1,967 44,001 38,267 2,630 Hoquiam . 3,108 1,967 North Yalcima Seattle 1,065 1,222 26,706 22,031 11,048 6,469 Spokane 20,362 9,130 7,182 8,628 4,131 1,723 Tacoma . . - 24,086 22,666 10,317 9,616 6,107 3,960 Vancouver Walla Walla 936 1,737 1,600 744 799 932 557 West Vieginia: 10 cities 72,361 49,729 343 29,399 19,033 13,432 4 cities 9,630 ■ Bluefield 24 15 89 63 64 1,247 670 1,081 951 887 1,984 1,648 4,674 4,106 1,130 948 3,227 2,825 2,228 4 812 377 637 469 403 257 1,078 889 2,172 2,137 998 659 2,173 1,465 3,6'99 3,235 2,101 1,262 1,095 Charleston 1,627 1,098 1,103 603 326 CENSUS OF MANUFACrUEES : 1914. COMPARATIVE SUMMAEY TOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. ' [See note at head of this table, p. 296.] Tat)le 183— Contd. CITY. West Viegini.*.— Con, Clarksburg Fairmont Huntington Martinsburg Morgantown Moundsville Parliersburg Wheeling Wisconsin: 18 cities 18 cities 18 cities 18 cities Appleton Ashland Beloit Eau Claire... Fond du Lac Green Bay... Janesville Kenosha La Crosse Madison Manitowoc . . Marinette Cen- sus year. 1914 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1900 1901 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 43 50 102 67 44 29 37 39 49 27 83 75 68 72 201 176 196 178 3,457 3,330 2,960 2,700 107 97 108 37 41 60 51 44 43 94 75 73 64 100 97 85 74 104 102 103 79 71 78 73 72 75 62 45 38 167 151 160 131 122 116 84 69 77 80 76 62 51 43 37 45 Wage earners num- ber). 316 1,837 4,641 3,166 2,229 1,717 1,568 1,420 1,470 1,508 1,820 1,495 1,444 1,237 7,920 7,809 7,127 6,190 121,095 113,662 89,669 82,056 Primary horse- power. 2,144 2,125 2,480 1,661 797 1,116 1,361 1,812 3,527 2,980 2,471 1,846 2,315 2,624 1,985 1,758 1,925 2,707 2,560 1,520 2,724 2,579 2,111 1,427 1,495 1,451 1,348 1,398 7, 155 6,449 4,354 3,090 3,340 3,329 2,644 2,763 2,084 1,792 1,476 1,365 2,012 1,526 1,321 975 2,112 1,491 1,645 2,485 1,414 6,694 8,951 8,860 1,908 1,598 4,137 1,897 5,939 4,031 Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. 36,963 29,486 294,334 226, 202 15,633 14,296 4,835 4,912 6,861 4,992 16,356 13,695 7,346 4,393 3,568 3,368 20, 736 14,484 9,869 6,956 2,933 2,551 6,079 4,371 6,320 6,470 $948 5,276 7,844 4,917 2,762 2,198 2,629 2,100 2,306 2,630 5,741 4,424 3,310 2,368 26,858 19, 297. 17,808 12,275 472,614 385,091 276,648 189,583 9,066 7,215 6,833 4,635 3,468 2,494 2,730 3,850 9,647 7,747 3,739 2,511 7,693 7,561 3,623 3,844 6,363 6,803 4,660 2,384 6,853 5,495 3,749 2,704 5,220 4,517 3,445 2,444 26,630 23,099 9,691 5,869 15,892 12,459 6,460 6,182 3,475 9,723 6,764 6,020 2,421 4,662 3,284 3,284 4,367 S213 1,149 2,996 1,681 1,033 812 602 620 930 707 1,061 767 694 608 5,110 4,427 3,793 2,679 70,617 58, 706 42,006 33,402 1,231 1,088 1,217 642 610 611 738 848 2,346 1,840 1,439 871 1,246 1,198 851 696 1,000 1,297 1,056 642 1,466 1,107 879 666 865 676 600 571 4,653 3,838 2,244 1,303 1,879 1,539 1,065 1,001 1,346 1,059 813 598 1,046 767 533 359 1,085 701 862 1,014 $1,010 1,608 6,777 3,382 2,676 2,498 1,709 1,277 754 2,095 4,745 3,560 2,488 1,886 15, 974 16,025 12,489 8,406 236,466 206,473 131, 274 105,994 4,760 4,257 4,026 2,357 1,077 1,486 2,192 1,616 3,013 2,439 1,836 1,338 4,208 2,974 1,799 2,112 4,619 5,074 3,311 1,636 4,060 3,893 2,696 1,363 3,066 2,877 2,056 1,769 19,267 14,773 7,392 S,023 7,814 7,797 4,725 4,646 2,795 2,337 1,293 1,138 5,368 3,963 2,940 830 2,345 1,703 1,581 1,714 SI, 654 4,384 11,4C0 6,611 4,407 3,642 3,022 2,516 2,338 3,629 7,143 5,499 3,778 3,101 27,879 27,077 21,797 16,074 422,301 364, 737 249,002 194,672 7,668 6,734 6,673 3,861 1,827 2,748 4,210 3,600 6,928 5,886 4,485 2,800 6,774 5,855 3,602 3,876 6,761 8,227 5,600 2,861 6,798 6,235 4,873 2,709 6,669 6,156 3,846 3,184 28,341 23, 182 12,363 7,334 14, 739 14, 103 8,139 7,677 6,207 5,467 3,291 2,689 8,461 5,939 4,428 1,935 4,674 3,309 3,633 4,411 STATISTICS OF CIIIES. 327 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR CITIES HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. (See note at head of this table, p. 205. J Table 183— Contd. CITY. Cen- sus year. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of* products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. WISCOKSIN- Contd. Milwaukee / Oshkosh Racine Sheboygan Superior Wausau Wyoming: 2cities 1 city Icity Icity Cheyenne , Sheridan All othee cities: i 7cities 8.cities 4cities 4cities 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 ,1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1914 1909 1904 1899 1,728 1,764 1,627 1,419 167 169 134 129 189 142 148 133 132 109 08 80 111 99 72 75 85 67 58 SO 62 22 18 17 32 22 18 17 30 183 173 192 61,839 59, 502 43,366 41,220 6,782 6,778 4,840 4,226 10,079 8,381 6,504 6,138 7,152 6,988 6,903 4,992 2,121 1,847 1,343 1,765 2,492 2,092 1,945 1,716 750 552 423 821 750 652 423 117 33,616 20,266 14,801 10, .537 122,178 94,254 13,648 10,890 21,292 12, 905 13, 785 8,717 7,678 6,536 7,408 6,786 1,986 1,253 1,465 1,253 338,408 322,573 $240,780 S36,270 $124,876 219,391 31,437 120,621 161,494 20,809 71,103 105,504 17,J02 69,694 15, 513 2,804 6,807 9,611 2,570 7,081 8,058 2,097 4,432 7,053 1,628 4,282 67,635 6,765 20,262 36,328 4,562 11,512 26,434 3,156 -7,143 16,206 2,712 5,926 21,481 3,370 9,162 15,053 2,339 6,089 12,289 2,095 5,553 7,482 1,562 3,712 7,0.50 1,382 8,446 6,028 1,087 4,272 5,768 746 4,648 6,691 787 5,026 6,987 1,354 4,530 5,794 990 3,325 3,815 807 2,649 2,774 611 1,908 2,475 752 1,139 1,670 618 607 740 412 308 580 341 289 1,802 641 669 1,670 618 607 740 412 308 580 341 289 673 111 470 215,186 24,439 82,660 148,946 13,543 63,800 52,529 7,637 43,915 27,057 5,464 21,533 $223, 5.55 208,324 137,995 110,854 13,890 14, 739 8,652 8,081 43,632 24,673 16, 459 11,676 17,509 11,299 9,761 6,907 11,663 6,674 6,357 6,836 7,326 6,287 4,646 3,381 2,464 1,677 925 722 ' 1,608 1,577 926 722 856 135,833 90,982 63,297 32,329 $98,679 87,703 66,892 51,160 7,083 7,658 4,220 3,799 23,370 13,161 9,316 6,750 8,347 6,210 4,198 3,195 3,217 2,302 1,709 1,810 2,795 2,962 2,096 1,473 1,325 970 617 433 970 617 433 386 53,173 27,122 19,.?82 10,796 * All other cities include: Cicero, III., Gary, Ind., Virginia, Minn., Independence, Mo,, West Orange, N, J., Lackawanna, N. Y., and Newport News, Va,, in 1914; Cicero, 111., Gary, Ind., Virginia, Minn., Great Falls, Mont., West Orange, N. J., Lackawanna, N. Y., Lakewood, Ohio, and Newport News, Va., in 1909; Great Falls, Mont., Orange and Perth Amboy, N. J., and Newport News, Va., in 1904 and 1899. 328 CENSUS OF MAWtrFACTTJBES : 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904. JNOTE. — The figures for some cities do not agree with those published in 1909 and 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those establishments located within^the corporate limits of the city.) i TaDle 184 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Total. 16 years of age and Dver. Under 16 y of ago. ears Male. Female. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 Alabama 23,315 19,164 8,423 21,494 17,6.51 7,772 1,348 1,019 438 473 494 213 Anniston 2,327 1,772 10, 863 2,065 2,604 2,539 1,145 1,022 2,167 1,753 8,999 786 2,362 2,284 813 859 ■■J,'987 '"2," 496 1,940 1,829 1,766 10,280 2,026 2,422 2,264 907 992 1,727 1,746 8,373 777 2,240 2,008 780 836 341 273 157 6 119 18 47 43 83 3 167 7 182 9 46 59 24 8 Birmingham ... 3,723 "2,'396 1,659 464 21 136 232 165 27 444 i96 68 Mobile 76 217 9 16 70 172 36 Montgomery.... iSftlina 109 446 576 7,452 304 656 6,998 4,445 425 567 7,102 290 646 6,633 4,094 21 6 311 7 8 276 7 1 90 223 3 39 Arkansas 128 Argenta Fort Smith 2,041 1,433 231 241 2,207 1,299 86,295 2,073 1,455 "'i,'649 2,040 1,286 229 223 2,049 1,275 68,063 2,069 1,298 " '944 1 139 1 17 130 23 17,246 4 39 118 66 8 1 1 28 1 986 39 Hot Springs LittleRock Pine Bluff Californla 335 2,017 1,118 69,522 "'i,'97i 1,425 62,076 314 1,852 1,100 57,857 ' 'i,'793 1,367 49,804 19 127 11 10,886 17 11,117 2 38 7 779 ""38 61 1,154 Alameda Bakersfleld 1,087 894 1,328 799 2,903 885 23, 744 7,706 536 322 107 Si8 5,334 1,077 2,060 31,758 2,029 276 401 1,919 292 13,089 915 746 1,084 946 1,938 277 17,327 6,905 499 224 147 263 4,521 729 1,071 28,244 1,399 239 274 1,571 203 13,440 279 ""338 "i,'9i6 "i6"424 3,353 "4," 203 ""54i 38,429 1,260 "i,'.333 11,935 1,046 882 944 763 1,699 645 19,428 5,879 397 201 87 820 4,421 1,050 1,698 24,427 1,107 261 368 1,671 269 11, 057 896 742 924 897 1,168 262 15,066 5,601 366 111 123 249 4,040 714 955 22,862 841 220 269 1,334 189 11,720 272 ""286 "i,'i3i "8,954 2,564 "3,' 856 ""497 30, 192 896 '"i,'i56 10,542 38 12 370 34 1,204 237 4,241 1,796 109 110 18 14 - 696 22 366 7,019 761 12 33 242 23 1,941 17 2 145 46 745 14 2,075 1,064 121 113 23 12 463 10 102 6,173 640 16 6 186 14 1,610 6 3 2 2 15 3 25 1 187 240 23 1 Berkeley F.ureka 49 ""766 "i'soe 663 ""277 37 7,597 346 14 2 3 75 32 30 11 2 4 317 5 6, 312 161 3 3 Fresno 18 Long Beach Los .'Vngeles Oakland Pasadena Pomona "'iei 226 Redlands Riverside Sacramento San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco. . San Jose Santa Barbara.. Santa Cruz 1 2 18 5 14 219 18 3 ""70 7 640 18 Stockton 170 6 1 7 Colorado 1,181 91 110 212 Boulder 90 538 83 494 4 36 3 8 ColoradoSprings Cripple Creek... 516 410 51 9,672 459 327 47 8,476 66 61 2 32 4 11,062 85 170 11,639 9,278 81 118 10,102 1,709 4 61 1,430 1,048 76 107 Fort Collins 1 Leadville 861 941 106,048 829 863 79,766 7 75 25 Pueblo 908 2J6 169,966 1,065 220 138,080 786 218 120,216 953 206 103,703 119 18 37,053 111 14 31,193 4 1 3 Trinidad COKNECTICUT 24,102 2,697 3,184 2,180 Ansonia Bridgeport Bristol 4,312 30,042 4,180 5,304 17,137 8,166 4,127 25,775 3,394 19,492 3,788 21,098 3,311 3,718 14,360 6,446 3,743 18,262 2,937 13,977 469 8,308 799 1,526 2,692 1,588 347 6,862 433 6,066 66 636 70 60 185 132 37 661 24 449 Danbury Hartford Meriden 4,810 14,627 7,845 4,515 11,221 7,281 3,391 12,224 6,080 3,101 9,386 5,538 1,371 2,217 1,585 1,363 1,764 1,537 48 186 180 61 81 206 STATISTICS OF CITTES. 329 AVERAGE NUMB-EH OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10.000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1903, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 328.) Tat>l&184— Con. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Total. 1914 1909 19M 16 years ol age and over. 1914 1909 1901 Female. 1914 1909 1904 Under 16 years of age. 1914 1909 Connecticut— Continued. Middletown . Naugatuck... New Britain. New Haven . New London Norwalk Norwich Stamford Torrington . . Waterburjr . . Willimantic- Delawake: Wilmington District of Co- LUUUIA FlORIBA Jacksonville Key West Pensacola Tampa West Tampa . - . Georgia Athens Atlanta Augusta Brunswick . . Columbus . . . Macon.: Rome Savannah — Waycross Idaho Boise Pocatello Ilunois' Alton Aurora Belleville Bloomington Cairo Canton Centralia Champaign.. Chicago Chicago Heights Danville Decatur East St. Louis. . Elgin Evanston - . . Freeport Galesburg... Granite Jacksonville . Joliet Kankakee 2,389 3,639 14,320 24,993 2,154 4,963 4,074 6,723 4,974 20, 189 3,S07 15,048 8,877 15,461 2,434 3,464 13, 513 23,497 2,225 3,628 10,073 21, 437 2,554 4,101 3,984 4,48S 20,170 3,020 14,663 7,707 12, 145 3,706 3,341 15,406 13,508 6,299 12,163 1,' 2,132 11,466 18,653 1,400 2,921 3,040 4,935 4,195 15,219 1,843 12,407 7,760 12,639 1,643 2,113 10,600 17,354 1,466 2,310 7,871 16,224 1,829 3,008 3,554 3,828 16,088 1,549 12,463 6,861 10,077 2,802 2,843 10,948 11,240 5,614 10,563 663 1,375 2,804 5,787 744 1,868 925 697 642 4,701 1,665 2,417 1,074 2,652 840 1,261 1,226 2,S76 1,980 5,438 4,714 692 ■715 990 831 382 363 612 4,648 4,120 1,383 2,006 827 1,791 611 1,483 34 32 61 553 10 174 109 91 137 269 99 224 43 170 706 67 103 48 148 434 194 19 277 2,816 2,037 836 7,065 2,718 33,686 1, 2,431 940 6,786 2,650 2, 1,206 6,831 31,714 28,664 2,696 1,612 782 5,465 2,194 26,244 1,836 1,906 892 5,443 2,476 2,021 1,192 4,874 23,421 20,662 202 394 13 1,523 620 7,270 1,308 12,686 4,926 743 4,802 4,047 1,389 2,486 1,302 1,130 962 12, 302 6,073 386 4,593 3,606 1,014 2,649 1,130 411 509 11,891 4,839 4,434 3,661 3,230 9,244 3,598 669 3,374 3.501 966 1, 1,283 1,068 609 8,792 3,496 287 3,079 2,958 766 2,319 1,127 372 410 8,624 2,923 3,013 2,714 2,978 364 3,074 1,175 183 1,151 462 379 476 16 57 348 782 408,976 378,442 309,964 293 776 329,313 372 304,057 250,847 74,375 2,662 4,777 2,450 2,384 1,522 920 237 382 313,710 4, — 2,109 4,003 6,629 924 2,566 1,362 6,090 932 4,999 2,429 6,095 1,872 2,077 1,237 1,262 3, 4,078 1,765 2,275 1,436 273 93,977 241,984 3,953 1,744 2,699 5; 226 6,067 837 2,863 1,466 947 6,383 1,349 1,884 2,340 4,505 4,885 738 1,516 1,447 6,792 1,038 2,527 3,623 1, 2,149 1,479 804 154 331 246,979 4,104 1,929 3,349 5,750 3,277 899 2,372 1,212 4,869 739 4,443 989 2,247 4,081 1,662 1,767 1,202 1,143 2,866 3,162 1,618 1,921 1,416 253 231,461 3,830 1,605 2,213 5,006 3,618 764 2,685 1,266 191,844 1,769 2,057 4,268 2,865 721 1,438 1,234 700 5,834 938 685 5,507 936 122 1,058 387 220 42 116 82 60 62,412 171 160 484 96 2,180 24 173 147 226 177 552 389 128 508 27 1,128 439 6 943 6,740 6,990 18 31 40 77 4 1,072 24 17 21 216 1,653 267 2,905 1,375 56 1,176 472 192 297 2 39 64 2,639 1,493 1,064 598 232 152 267 152 1 277 84 55 81 3 606 203 43 339 176 67 33 1 39 68,201 54,865 1 4 6,288 6,184 124 943 139 266 32 HI 120 797 346 18 14 67,546 96 127 402 156 2,353 82 246 186 46,987 101 234 143 ,934 16 75 200 234 623 348 208 273 91 1 1 4,319 13 20 170 18 72 1 21 3 5 16 4 52 6 4,971 28 12 84 64 96 1 23 13 1 Does not include statistics for Cicero. 330 CENSUS OF mXnufactukes : 1914. AV35RAGE NUMBER OP WAGE EAENEES, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OE MOEE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head ot this table, p. 328.1 Tatole 184:— Con. average nusiber of wage earners in manufao'uking industries.' Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years Male. Female. of age. 1914 1909 1901 1911 1909 1901 1911 1909 1901 1914 1909 1904 iLLiNOia— Cdntd. 2,837 1,214 239 735 5,053 268 2,462 1,179 220 697 4,854 253 348 8 17 38 170 15 27 27 2 La Salle Lincoln 936 220 948 5,387 282 1,197 3,987 "'i,"i27 909 204 916 5,170 276 1,146 "3,'96i "1,022 9 16 32 175 6 30 18 1 21 71 29 42 Oak Park 67 Pekin 634 6,285 3,067 1,837 10, 472 4, 1.57 1,763 2,276 127,841 598 5,182 2,623 1,690 8,654 3,312 1,626 2,098 107,272 36 972 493 141 1,767 813 122 169 19,545 i 131 51 6 61 32 15 9 1,024 Peoria 6,981 3,997 1,754 9,309 3,652 1,275 2,956 114,036 6,834 4,602 1,703 7,239 3,071 1,644 85,617 6,213 3,223 1,696 7,615 2,920 1,109 2,741 94,924 5,274 3,807 1,605 6,863 2,617 1,417 70,278 722 714 112 1,499 688 108 196 16,558 492 712 89 1,244 533 17 13,433 46 60 46 195 44 58 19 2,554 68 83 Eock Island.... Eockford Springfield Streator Waukegan Indiana i 9 132 21 110 1,906 Anderson Bloomington . . . Brazil 3,906 1,057 584 680 7,482 2,993 1,961 10,333 11, 161 4,281 1,239 30,971 1,176 3,289 1,310 1,765 1,709 2,970 4,442 3,332 3,687 1,468 1,950 787 3,662 1,221 12,203 5,270 962 44,770 4,393 3,079 3,333 946 437 572 7,331 2,600 1,619 7,763 8,395 3,463 1,022 26,936 1,162 2, 952 1,171 1,544 1,577 2,400 3,926 2,746 3,224 1,257 1,828 640 3,140 1,052 10,063 4,290 903 36,446 3,710 2,661 541 100 146 105 149 381 330 2,451 2,578 740 198 4,827 14 325 137 2J0 127 545 465 666 436 186 119 128 504 156 2,058 965 68 7,891 681 347 32 11 1 3 2 12 12 119 188 88 19 208 "12 2 11 6 25 61 20 27 15 3 19 18 13 92 15 1 433 102 71 East Chicago . . . Elkhart Elwood Evansville Fort Wayne.... Hammond Huntington Indianapolis Jeflersonville... Kokomo Lafavette La Porte Logansport 6,067 2,942 2,072 8,824 10,298 3,841 1,376 31,736 766 2,051 1,225 1,674 2,169 2,229 2,886 3,445 3,683 1,861 "2,265 1,779 7,758 7,729 1,548 '26,' 725 1,492 1,917 1,786 "i,'726 2,219 3,140 "2,'865 2,240 5,052 2,548 1,829 «,261 7,494 3,306 1,180 26,118 753 1,704 1,024 1,232 1,913 1,936 2,680 2,901 3,240 1,488 ' 'i,'832 1,648 6,875 6,866 1,176 '2i,'6ii 1,440 1,753 1,496 "i,'648 1,985 2,530 "2,195 1,699 8 344 210 2,100 2,353 496 177 6,051 12 326 183 411 238 233 199 468 287 327 "m 110 1,544 1,646 353 "4,652 41 144 269 ""i67 186 545 ""287 474 7 50 33 463 451 39 19 567 1 21 18 31 18 60 6 86 86 36 ""26 21 339 317 19 "402 -11 20 21 "is Michigan City . . Mishawaka Muncie . 65 73 New Albany Newcastle..... 67 Peru . Richmond Shelbyville 619 3,621 "2,976 652 3,253 "2,' 630 42 329 ""326 25 39 "14 South Bend.... Terre Haute.... Vincennes Iowa 11, 789 4,347 1,233 43,074 8,997 4,044 1,364 34,019 9,893 3,694 1,163 36,356 7,320 3,455 1,268 27,911 1,510 621 62 7,570 1,383 565 91 6,361 386 32 8 748 294 24 5 757 266 2,842 4,394 2,679 1,336 3,958 5,306 5,171 951 360 1,333 1,060 2,054 2,397 2,447 4,753 3,483 166 3,191 3,565 2,414 1,434 4,231 6,383 5,160 1,115 282 1,541 1,365 807 3,496 2,650 3,750 3,124 "2,'9i6 3,259 2,163 1,001 3,840 4,156 4,274 961 "1,533 888 "2," 763 2,304 2,299 1,674 152 2,274 3,671 2,290 1,036 2,952 4,194 4,071 695 234 1,046 974 1,995 1,781 1,944 3,964 3,183 132 2,660 2,795 2,156 1,207 3,203 4,208 4,163 834 206 1,181 1,207 766 2,618 2,025 3,293 2,712 "2,545 2,698 1,946 851 2,983 3,274 3,372 784 "i,'i46 826 "2,ii6 1,921 2,078 1,477 102 629 672 362 277 976 1,076 1,043 238 114 262 86 65 584 471 749 297 31 487 674 217 222 956 1,067 955 252 76 334 132 41 759 646 412 409 ""347 527 136 134 807 829 772 177 ""35i 45 ""534 343 162 187 2 39 51 27 23 30 37 67 18 2 25 1 4 32 32 50 3 3 44 96 41 6 72 103 52 29 Burlington Cedar Rapids... Clinton 23 134 71 Council Bluffs.. Davenport Des Moines Dubuque Fort Dodge Iowa City 18 50 52 130 Keokuk Marshalltown... Mason City 26 26 42 17 Muscatine Ottumwa Sioux Citv Waterloo'. 119 79 45 3 iis 40 69 10 ' Does not include statistics for Gary. STATISTICS OP CITIES. 331 AVKRACIE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, IMB, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 328.] Table 184— Con. average number of wage earners in MANUPACTURrNG INDCSTRIES. Total. 16 years of age and over. Und er 16 years Male. Female. Df age. 1911 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 Kansas . . . 26,882 25,033 19,668 24,051 22, 472 17,236 2,713 2,464 1,781 .118 97 541 Atchison 68<1 131 497 422 824 798 688 88 480 320 682 647 93 19 17 101 136 136 3 24 7 16 895 266 ■""244 130 865 201 "■■■225 125 40 65 Fort Scott 14 4 1 9 Hutclunson Independence . . lola 1,006 123 142 13,096 478 1,233 1,040 1,078 420 4,828 1,705 37,576 667 224 785 119 64 12,076 359 1,128 951 1,048 302 4,325 1,418 30,432 620 183 217 4 78 962 118 102 88 29 118 490 287 7,009 44 39 4 3 2 Kansas City Lawrence Leavenworth... 12,294 422 1,306 1,130 972 10,529 402 1,321 "gig 11,268 277 1,162 1,074 952 9,344 275 1,148 "'"876 976 141 130 66 19 833 112 102 26 67 1 3 1 1 51 4 13 362 15 71 Pittsburg Salina 1 18 4,244 1,790 39,797 3,953 1,262 36,452 3,743 1,455 31,607 3,491 1,105 28,628 488 332 7,637 417 1-39 6,468 13 135 13 3 663 45 Wichita Kentucky 13 1,356 Covington Frankfort Henderson HopkinsviUe... Lexington Louisville Newport Oweasboro Paducah Louisiana 3,199 546 1,147 341 1,130 25,930 1,880 1,001 2,402 21, 314 3,942 694 1,088 3,703 ""459 2,697 500 756 323 1,067 20,663 1,482 930 2,124 15,097 3,098 586 702 2,799 """iis 493 45 3S8 7 67 5,294 378 66 271 4,890 797 102 308 793 32 9 1 3 11 6 73 20 6 7 727 47 6 18 HI '" "9 1,032 27,023 2,341 1,064 2,613 19,985 1,114 24, 985 1,968 1,392 2,841 19,250 971 21,244 1,706 969 2,331 14,957 1,046 19,346 1,442 1,241 2,336 14,079 66 5,417 683 80 234 4,037 41 4,638 452 124 2m 4,376 6 362 62 15 48 991 27 1,001 64 27 117 795 Alexandria Baton Rouge... Lake Charles . . . 359 358 1,101 609 17,348 1,539 30,207 188 356 736 406 17, 186 1,114 25,632 ""626 'i7,"468 1,162 23,234 346 331 1,082 596 11,863 1,489 20,067 181 329 730 403 12,209 1,105 16,083 '"""583 "i2,"372 1,124 15, 176 9 17 7 2 4,810 45 9,639 3 20 2 1 4,006 6 8,721 i4 ' '4,'335 27 7,552 4 10 12 11 685 S 501 I 4 2 972 3 828 """23 New Orleans.. . Shreveport Maine . . 701 U 506 Auburn Augusta Bangor . 4,811 2,231 1,200 3,462 2,275 1,327 2,662 1,860 1,496 1,950 4,764 6,167 4,345 3,326 1,500 1,025 2,292 1,301 1,113 1,846 1,168 1,260 1,881 2,750 3,033 3,248 1,466 697 175 1,070 939 211 747 644 234 69 1,825 2,978 1,055 19 34 90 35 3 59 53 2 Biddeford Lewiston Portland 5,054 6,222 5,197 3,430 2,062 81,306 6,076 6,788 4,902 3,360 3,357 4,108 2,093 1,298 51,510 3,335 3,435 3,649 1,642 2,773 1,057 1,231 698 27,043 1,668 3,102 1,222 152 92 32 106 66 .2,763 173 261 31 189 ,156 42 Waterville Maryland 1,812 76,124 69,536 958 47,576 44,871 609 23,891 20,500 246 4,657 4,165 Baltimore .. Cumberland Frederick Hagersto'wn . . . Massachusetts . . 73, 769 2,817 1,146 3,574 508,647 71,444 1,936 1,020 1,718 477,134 65,060 2,276 "2,'2i6 380,483 45,503 2,416 864 2,737 343,054 44,258 1,578 762 978 316,414 41,398 2,006 ""i,"467 251,908 26,733 278 278 754 156,612 22,876 225 166 625 144,277 19,766 120 ""614 116,840 2,533 123 14 83 9,981 4,311 133 98 115 17,443 3,888 150 """129 11,735 3,930 1,451 246 6,058 4,641 78,894 16,246 3,991 3,994 2,223 1,264 233 4,434 3,904 53, 040 11, 798 2,026 2,222 1,580 172 10 1,642 717 24,608 4,283 1,478 1,510 127 16 3 82 20 1,240 166 487 262 Amesbury ArUngton Attleboro Beverly Boston! Brockton 283 6,429 4,487 73,957 14, 737 "'6,' 044 2,083 63, 151 13,889 269 4,396 3,679 49, 146 10,661 "3,'490 1,508 43, 730 10,169 22 1,863 752 22,407 3,834 "i'ii? 553 18, 528 3,617 2 180 56 2,404 242 ""i37 22 893 103 1 Includes statistics of Hyde Park, annexed to Boston Jan. 1, 1912. 332 CENStrS OF TVtAWtlFACTTJRES: 1914, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS- HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1903, AND 1904— Continued. [Sse note at head o£ this table, p. 328.] . Tal)le 184— Con. MASSACHUSETTS-t- Continued. BrooklLne Cambridge.. - Chelsea Chicopee Clinton Dedham Everett Fall River..., Fitchburg Framingfiam. Gardner Gloucester Greenfield Haverhill Holyoke Lawrence Leominster. . , Lowell , Lynn Maiden Marlborough- Medford , Melrose Methuen Milford Natick New Bedford... Newburyport . . Newton North Adams. . . North Attlebor- ough Northampton. . Peabody Pittsfleld Plymouth Quixicy Revere Salem Somerville Southbridge , Springfield Taunton Wakefield Waltham Watertown Webster Westfield West Springfield Weymouth.. Winchester.. Winthrop — Wobum Worcester . . . Michigan. Adrian Alpena Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Benton Harbor. Detroit Escanaba .^ Flint Grand Rapids . . AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EAR^fEK3 IN MANUFAOTURING INDUSIRIES. ■ ,L Total. 1914 33S 16, 749 6,241 8,426 4,064 256 3,226 36,834 8,837 3,982 3,964 2,814 1,602 13,281 17,493 31,043 4,929 29,904 25,339 2,860 3,822 559 962 1,940 1,749 1,347 33,343 3,349 2,154 5,r"~ 2,250 3,446 5,485 7,490 2,S46 5,783 80 5,294 5,429 4,332 14,240 7,371 2,008 6,465 4,787 3,246 3,584 2,209 2,074 1,048 16 1,665 29,452 181,588 340 15,260 6,954 7,260 4,123 2,680 37, 139 8,497 3,069 3,617 2,181 1,251 11, 689 16,513 30, 542 5,601 32, 333 27, 368 2,900 4,265 560 1,038 1,572 1,801 26, 566 3,215 2,174 5,414 3,150 4,850 6,353 2,912 6,492 101 6,338 5,280 4,037 11,855 7,407 2,230 6,037 4,335 3,019 3,060 1,991 7 1,653 28,221 156, 747 7,1 17,590 495 14, 586 4,939 4,670 3,482 2,186 26,836 6, 498 2,484 3,168 1,763 9,574 14, 685 21,910 4,127 29, 303 21, 540 2,954 3,479 484 1,571 1,782 17,856 2,956 1, 5,502 2,963 3,963 4,455 5,371 125 5,945 3,474 3,223 10, 523 6, r~~ 2,634 1,841 1,482 22, 796 103,350 1,059 1,432 1,245 573 649 4,175 3,389 4,737 4,456 81,011 48,483 720 2,161 15, 514 16 years of age and over. Male. 1914 11,826 4,444 6,365 ■ 2,300 193 2,717 19,868 6,088 2,460 3,440 2,— 1,436 8,810 10,219 19,300 3,638 16, 934 17,469 1,622 2,624 480 446 786 1,274 1,042 19, 282 2,135 1,472 3,509 1,560 2,225 5,126 6,455 1,873 5,353 71 3,587 6,180 2,736 10, 976 5,441 1,241 4,305 3,134 2,096 3,026 1,876 1,505 952 12 1,463 22, 402 153,309 1,002 1,460 747 3,999 3,355 1,1 82,012 615 8,349 14,622 1909 280 10, 630 4,213 4,994 2,264 2,353 20, 459 5,825 1,797 3,100 J ... 1,043 7,686 8,906 17,493 3,708 20,222 19,077 1,649 2,787 486 438 653 1,045 15,700 2,083 1,604 3,608 2,012 4,270 4,508 2,124 4,769 98 4,070 4,841 2,680 8,715 5,345 1,200 3,580 2,817 1,879 2, 1,3 7 1,528 21,355 129,884 924 1,403 635 3,415 4,263 64, 138 595 6,775 15, 157 1904 422 10,320 3,364 2,985 1, -- 1,794 14,478 4,606 -l,r- 2,737 1,346 6,608 8,205 12, 534 2,979 15,670 15,237 1,569 2,216 418 777 1,228 10, 361 I,' 1,419 3,623 1,883 3,637 2,786 4,903 123 3,853 3,114 2,127 7,908 4,817 3,526 1, 1,323 1,379 17,392 82, 751 1,205 431 2,862 4,173 35, 907 1,960 13,411 Female. 1914 38 4,741 1,741 1,916 1,640 58 463 14,899 2,470 1,477 481 661 134 4,326 6,751 11, 183 1,202 12, 432 7,782 1,171 1,092 77 490 1,116 453 300 13, 012 1,171 669 1, 649 1,092 356 1,973 673 409 9 1,627 219 1,421 3,136 747 2,138 1,642 972 517 332 561 96 4 98 6,646 26,973 249 33 93 599 386 187 16,698 159 366 2,748 1909 54 4,211 1,611 2,020 1,670 257 14,949 2,271 1,156 415 482 139 3,762 6,458 11,444 1,746 10,883 8,063 1,222 1,201 60 691 793 710 9,616 1,035 520 1,560 977 518 1,679 665 560 3 1,985 370 1,183 2,726 1,820 994 2 1,'372 901 594 654 111 5,745 24,692 118 27 38 752 441 15,061 122 312 2,320 1904 3,990 1,414 1,531 1,— 297 11,117 1,597 1,103 364 392 2, 5,413 8,204 1,028 12, 221 6,028 1,345 1,123 54 771 516 6,650 939 426 1,544 984 290 1,554 428 2 1. 319 931 2,315 1,569 2,658 601 '503 80 4,788 18, 191 29 105 519 234 10, 810 191 1,931 Under 16 years of age.' 1914 1 182 56 145 124 5 46 2,067 279 46 43 71 32 146 523 560 89 538 88 57 106 2 26 38 17 5 1,049 43 13 159 41 129 3 62 299 21 30 175 128 107 20 22 11 178 41 1 18 4 404 1,306 1909 419 130 246 189 70 1,731 401 116 102 41 69 241 1,149 1,605 147 1,228 228 29 277 126 46 1,350 97 50 346 161 62 166 123 163 283 69 174 414 242 146 239 76 39 14 1,121 2,171 33 1,812 3 . 1 113 1904 7 276 161 154 160 95 1,241 296 S3 67 25 80 1,067 1,172 120 1,512 275 40 140 12 23 48 335 26 115 40 212 41 165 300 222 23 616 2,408 11 13 4d 1,766 10 172 STATISTICS OF CITIES. 333 AVERAGE NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 328.) Table 184— Con. aveeage number of -wage earners in manufacturing industries. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years Male. Female. of age. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 Michigan— Con. Hancock 142 2,165 616 79 4,906 6,525 6,231 1,853 589 1,988 4,646 1,231 2,409 1,296 6,342 938 956 58,256 129 1,877 611 76 4,019 4,253 '5,903 1,471 672 1,725 3,960 1,120 2,336 1,046 5,479 863 712 47,221 11 270 5 3 867 1,233 327 366 14 223 640 110 73 251 847 74 242 10,934 2 18 Holland Ironwood 2,162 201 66 4,788 6,272 5,285 2,125 609 1,700 4,522 73 3,967 5,666 2, 982 2,084 738 1,489 3,078 1,961 197 59 3,754 4,390 6, 043 1,806 500 1,630 3,871 71 2,772 4,041 2,687 2,009 727 1,387 2,437 186 4 6 1,023 1,844 239 306 9 148 616 25 Ishpeming Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Manistee Marquette Menominee Muskegon Owosso 1 1,170 1,568 263 28 5 76 529 1 20 39 1 17 3 40 46 1 1 11 38 3 13 ""22 36 1 25 57 32 47 6 26 112 i,739 1,580 5,368 825 1,220 56,637 "2;i36 4,445 895 43,653 1,629 1,435 4,637 776 1,102 46,409 "i,"967 3,897 867 35,907 106 142 706 60 117 9,974 4 3 25 i 154 Port Huron Saginaw SaultSte. Marie. Traverse City... Minnesota i 227 489 16 7,503 ""ie 1 2 101 2 59 12 183 Dulutli 5,538 65 766 28,295 1,429 19,483 621 2,070 8,131 6,083 3,987 4,956 66 637 22, 791 1,320 15,340 482 1,639 7,378 ■5,615 3,693 674 9 118 6,470 108 4,106 127 422 524 444 273 8 24 21 Hibbing Mankato Minneapolis St. Cloud St. Paul Stillwater Wiaona Mississippi 807 26,962 626 19,339 688 2,032 4,574 724 21,671 'i4"363 955 1,953 2,693 662 22,822 695 14, 663 632 1,630 4,266 567 18,402 'io'era 905 1,727 2,572 136 4,074 30 4,742 153 396 227 102 3,202 "3,'658 50 218 63 ""34 1 37 12 9 229 10 66 1 1 6 91 55 67 ""32 8 58 521 671 S87 943 2,129 1,974 297 1,009 119,027 455 607 560 1,868 1,722 264 947 89, .529 49 1 4 23 173 204 16 64 28,109 17 3 23 26 88 48 17 8 1,389 Hattiesburg Jackson 648 772 645 740 3 15 17 Meridian Natchez Vicksburg MlSSOUKI^ 1,524 428 1,202 115,565 1,346 316 1,031 104,023 1,366 333 1,172 86,622 1,274 296 1,002 78,607 17 26,986 47 9 7 21,517 38 23 13 2,967 25 11 22 3,899 Cape Girardeau. 1,259 479 2,366 1,401 1,156 16,262 1,411 1,683 4,914 85,068 903 2,009 136 3,383 1,040 352 1,877 738 964 12,276 1,264 1,426 3,108 63,697 777 1,886 124 3,113 212 126 486 3,900 138 256 1,798 20,159 120 117 6 224 7 1 3 57 7 76 9 1 8 1,202 6 6 6 46 Hannibal Jefferson City... Jopltn 2,445 651 830 14,643 999 1,811 ""680 11,039 1,808 450 659 10, 841 860 1,334 ""634 8,444 642 171 168 3,562 118 324 40 2,313 95 30 3 240 21 163 6 Kansas City Moberly St Charlp«i 282 St. Joseph St. Louis SedaUa . . 5,390 87,371 935 2,131 170 1,793 4,663 82,698 974 2,158 827 3,268 66,802 768 2,020 146 1,646 2,773 62,626 764 2,042 703 2,035 19, 105 163 98 24 137 1,799 16,772 207 «2 109 87 2,464 4 13 91 3,300 13 Springfield Webb City Montana 64 10 15 Anaconda Billings 251 329 659 1,202 495 447 97 226 622 ""478 239 305 660 1,187 400 432 88 212 558 ""422 8 20 101 15 72 8 8 10 69 50 4 4 8 1 4 5 Butte 6 Great Falls'.... Helena 420 428 349 360 428 281 60 59 23 7 9 Missoula 1 Does not include statistics for Virginia. 2 Does not include statistics for Independence. 3 Statistics lor 1909 and 1934 not shown, to avoid disclosure of in Jividual operations. 334 CENSUS 01"- MAlSrUFACTXTEES : 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OB MORE, BY STATES: 1914; 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 328.] Tatolc 184— Con average number of wase earners in manufactcking industries. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years Male. Female. of age. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 Nebraska 17,682 17,045 13,101 14,441 14,174 10,936 3,188 2,721 1,945 60 150 220 Grand Island... 460 416 1,821 8,922 6,063 330 17,023 576 357 287 1,452 6,808 6,640 307 31,928 439 100 129 364 2,091 504 15 14,866 109 3 28 2,140 8,023 6,306 310 45,190 1,617 5,822 5,602 29.889 1,605 6,324 5,806 297 29,296 1,217 4,476 6,243 18,580 512 1,669 431 13 15,314 376 1,299 270 10,764 5 23 19 14 229 23 30 69 Omaha 47 South Omaha.. Nevada: 149 New Hampshire. 687 545 Berlin 2,680 2,856 2,483 2,068 2,621 25,843 7,382 1,090 283, 219 2,477 2,693 3,030 1,769 2,235 24,735 7,265 992 246,745 "2,' 654 2,859 'i7,'579 6,159 638 191, 190 2,651 2,631 1,559 1,730 1,623 15,708 5,262 764 198,620 2.466 2.385 2,086 1,450 1,375 13,840 4,959 734 173,289 "2," 353 1,910 "9,' 802 4,014 501 135, 334 28 222 901 336 998 9,963 2,094 324 80,603 6 283 927 269 846 10,683 2,156 244 67,450 ""289 926 1 3 23 2 5 25 17 50 14 312 150 14 6,006 Concord 12 Keene Manchester 7,438 1,976 135 49,564 172 26 2 3,996 339 Portsmouth New Jersey 1 2 6,292 Asbury Park... 312 264 ""Mi 7,057 "2,' 276 12,661 854 12,335 206 877 9,079 1,801 1,823 18,412 1,335 10,874 74 2,437 739 623 5,802 6,778 790 21,765 4,442 226 2,534 317 190 2,909 44,958 1,636 9,250 18, 456 6,798 3,118 1,466 16,456 844 1,395 1,320 820 615,839 258 764 6,624 1,475 1,647 12,923 1,042 11.291 ""362 6,805 "i,'665 9,636 655 11,161 106 40 1,007 1,321 616 3,987 602 1,957 17 3,268 1,151 236 1,566 2,405 102 9,011 623 180 572 56 24 3.462 17,159 483 7,584 11,836 2,218 1,173 371 3,832 625 2,016 1,007 19 281,323 6 14 718 1,390 695 3,142 323 1,408 Atlantic City... Bavonne Bloomfleld Brideeton Camden East Orange Elizabeth 918 10,1.50 3,177 2,479 22,541 1,949 12,870 91 786 7,519 2,957 2,387 16,527 1,386 12,737 12 116 ""463 2,522 198 1,087 1 64 55 40 142 12 39 8 177 92 45 462 21 38 7 136 ""143 503 8^ Garfield Gloucester 5,8(;9 1,945 2,530 1,025 1,412 i74 65 7 36 107 29 245 29 4 92 9 4 77 967 7 308 633 186 68 5 540 10 43 8 2 7,655 93 Hackensack Harrison Hoboken Irvington Jersey City 76(i 7,404 9,290 921 31,021 5,094 410 3,198 382 218 6,448 63,084 2,126 17,142 30,925 9,202 4,359 1,832 19,828 1,479 3.454 2,335 847 904,817 738 6,893 V,883 540 25,454 4,001 415 2,761 252 201 5,264 59,885 1,770 14,654 31,981 7.082 3,432 1,758 18, 543 1,855 2,782 1,508 587 856, 627 "4,'646 7,227 ■20,' 353 1,303 "2," 767 151 307 4,590 50,697 'ii;666 28,509 "3,'i48 1,986 14,130 1,856 3,562 710,543 527 4,829 6,821 436 18, 140 3,464 260 2,206 219 177 2,411 42,847 1,337 7,937 18,391 5,584 2,718 1,454 14,751 834 1,127 770 576 .582,014 "2," 367 6,273 'i4,'7i3 763 "2,'i48 120 272 2,347 36,165 "5,"3i5 18,164 "2,382 1,456 11,126 890 1,550 485,745 206 1,980 1,839 76 6,866 493 153 411 32 22 2,711 15,308 379 6,2% 12, 579 1,340 649 292 3,484 991 1,541 694 5 287,855 "i.'657 1,590 "ij'ise 331 ""445 30 30 2,121 13,093 "5! 232 9,162 ""704 523 2,518 868 1,726 218, 198 6 84 223 28 448 44 2 144 1 2 142 1,730 64 421 1,011 168 65 12 308 30 114 44 6 6,758 "16 364 "'564 209 "'i74 1 5 122 1,439 Long Branch . . . Millville Montclair Morristown New Brunswick Newark Passaic 453 Paterson Perth Amboy... Phillipsburg.... Plainfleld Trenton 1,183 ""62 7 487 West Hoboken. West New York New Mexico: Albuquerque... New York ' 286 6,600 9,371 10, 774 5,769 2,457 1,806 9,801 10,284 6,497 2,007 8,976 7,993 6,660 6,402 5,527 4,086 2,123 1,144 6,962 6,553 4,899 1,710 5,963 4,196 4,946 2,931 4,920 1,669 327 635 2,832 4,587 1,620 283 2,926 3,683 1,611 38 327 14 7 «7 67 144 78 14 87 214 103 Amsterdam Auburn Batavia Beacon > Does not include statistics for West Orange for 1914 and 1909, or for Orange and Perth Amboy tor 1904. 2 Does not include statistics for Jiiackawaima. STATISTICS OF CITIES. 335 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAS'IXG 10,000 INHABITANTS OE MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, AND 19W— C^ontinued. [Sae note at head ot this table, p. 338.] Table 18!t— Con. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN MANUTACTUKING raDU.STRIES. 16 years of age and over. Total. Under 16 y ears Male. Female. 1914 t909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 N EW York— Con. Binghamton . . . Buffalo 7,248 6,823 5,636 4,160 3,923 3,276 2,983 2,859 2,334 105 41 28 54,416 5.781 2,203 51,412 8,127 2,074 43,567 6,910 2,355 46,957 3,271 1,831 43,385 3,852 1,821 36,441 3,669 2,135 7,769 2,488 370 7,445 4,071 249 6,739 3,045 170 690 22 2 682 204 4 387 196 Corning 50 2 459 2 356 2,069 2,504 2,070 2,5-17 390 286 1 Dunkirlc 2,989 2,756 3,395 3,285 408 183 80 17 26 30 Elmira 4.870 3,042 1,692 2,532 3,647 2,799 1,526 2,774 3,208 "i,'686 2,052 3,969 2,008 1,218 1,318 2,790 1,839 1,193 1,326 2,284 1,377 949 887 985 463 1,209 835 932 319 1,445 796 ""i99 1,098 14 49 11 5 22 28 14 3 128 Fulton 4 Glens Falls 5 Gloversville 6,335 5,741 5,04S 3,124 3,571 2,967 2,181 2,095 2,004 30 75 77 Homelt 2,285 1,423 2,183 1,302 2,200 1,511 890 1,694 806 1,452 580 526 482 470 742 194 7 7 26 6 Hudson Ithaca 815 7,794 873 6,789 873 5,237 746 6,182 772 5,513 769 3,776 66 1.529 98 1,181 i62 1,317 4 83 3 96 2 Jamestown 144 Johnstown 2,532 2,588 2,426 1,676 1,719 1,365 844 821 1,025 12 49 36 Kingston Little Falls 3,076 3,281 2,636 l,60t 1,896 1,574 1,383 1,270 956 84 115 100 3,823 4,211 2,621 2,548 2,493 1,459 1,266 1,693 1,135 9 25 27 Lockport 2,381 2,13S 2,323 1,856 1.740 1,906 512 394 403 13 4 Middletown.... 1,989 1.733 1,596 1.391 1,269 1,307 673 459 289 25 6 Mount Vernon.. 1,346 1,207 670 1,004 985 646 336 218 24 6 4 Newburgh 4,318 4,198 4,013 2,829 2,688 2,469 1,478 1,493 1,509 11 17 35 870 735 617 687 625 403 182 95 108 1 15 6 New York City. 585,279 553,923 464,716 384,801 366,255 314,066 196,144 183,922 14V, 454 4,274 3,V46 3,196 Niagara Falls. . . 9.390 6,089 4,574 8,285 6,212 3,706 1,160 853 842 25 24 26 North Tona- wanda 3,574 2,824 2,955 2,423 683 373 36 28 Oedensburg 898 2,633 1,337 373 1.269 2,259 929 524 2,548 1,123 268 811 2,092 631 367 74 214 405 135 288 7 11 43 32 io Oneonta Ossining 356 262 101 92 4 2 4,331 1,781 3,817 2,063 1,049 2,122 3,746 1,957 3,062 1,395 728 1,507 2,649 1,596 713 1,483 2,648 1,474 1,203 382 1,141 460 1,047 478 60 4 27 7 isi Peekskill Plattsburg Port Chester 5 2,278 700 611 11 28 Poughkeepsie... 4,729 3,268 3,775 3,052 2,155 2,5i6 1,615 1,088 i,i65 62 25 811 76a 60S 481 Rochester 44,113 39. 108 31,779 30,136 26,717 20,964 13,240 11,977 i6,3i7 737 414 498 Rome 3,937 869 3,633 833 3,209 590 3,305 529 3,113 490 2,615 413 621 325 487 322 627 177 11 15 33 21 Saratoga Springs Schenectady Syracuse Troy 17, 707 14,931 14,316 16.064 13, 158 13,288 1,600 1,737 984 43 35 17,551 18,14! 14,554 13,891 14,565 11,439 3,469 3,373 2,882 191 17.421 12,714 3,148 20,102 13, 153 3,291 19,114 10,882 3,020 8;297 7,484 2,616 8,042 7,716 2,834 7,730 6,450 2,706 9,031 4,993 629 11,391 6,200 421 11,181 4,163 305 93 237 3 69 237 36 Utica Watertown 16 Watervliet 759 753 249 12,711 1,111 443 271 8,266 455 246 8,304 669 310 \\hite Plains... Yonkers 12,650 "9,' 779 6,022 4,381 4,364 3,677 3 43 80 North Caboldta. 29,033 18,772 11,153 19,488 11,485 7,157 7,320 4,817 2,694 2,225 2,470 1,302 951 978 792 764 712 550 169 217 118 18 49 124 Charlotte 3,799 4,199 2,234 2,772 2,930 1,312 781 956 649 246 313 273 Durham Greensboro High Point 4,764 1,229 3.5S2 3,699 952 "i.'cigs 2.546 799 2,585 1,751 602 ""75i 1,614 318 688 1,080 271 ""273 112 309 14 26 13 79 ""74 New Bern Haleigh Rocky Mount . . Wilmington Winston-Salem i 848 1,051 1,454 1,721 9,634 "i,"623 ""'585 829 789 1,313 1,548 6,543 ""655 ""562 236 128 ""273 74 ""93 9 1,213 6,708 1,594 4,850 1,096 3,739 1,414 2,628 154 3,227 77 1,943 150 1,430 19 864 40 1,026 30 792 North Dakota.. 1,033 860 856 709 174 133 3 18 690 343 510 350 655 431 134 40 ■72 61 1 2 4 14 Grand Forks . . . 3011 275 1 Incorporated 191'3. Statistics Tor 1909 and 1904 are for Winston only. 336 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 328.] Talble 184— Con. AVEKAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNEKS IN MANtTFACTUKING INDUSTRIES. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years Male. Female. of age. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 Ohio 387,632.123.131 251,438 322, 274 263,121 205,229 63,983 55,690 42,189 1.376 4,320 4,020 ' 24.680 2,333 1,868 3,118 2,603 1,455 12,255 1,557 59, 861 103,317 17,236 1,614 24,061 129 4,830 2,735 1,737 1,252 2,063 6,043 1,420 1,774 1,583 4,876 6,436 3,398 1,401 2, 577 1,768 4,003 772 4,583 5,808 2,777 3,697 2,727 7,868 4,506 2,177 27,076 2,862 15,861 3,035 6,153 15,831 2,524 1,471 9,626 ""846 21, 826 2,266 1,770 2,696 2,357 1,353 10,823 1,239 44,991 85, 069 14, 269 991 20,222 124 3,566 2,355 1,020 1,013 1,682 5,252 1,193 1, 556 1,134 3,676 6,357 2,663 1,317 2,323 1,591 3,523 736 4,132 4,638 1,923 2,441 2,403 7,074 4,294 1,775 22,859 2,347 14,997 2,540 5,466 13,387 2,385 1,334 7,952 ""737 2,802 64 95 421 234 98 1,393 316 14,509 17,766 2,922 623 3,812 1,238 376 709 239 379 775 207 219 449 1,199 77 730 80 248 177 480 20 440 1,269 860 1,137 322 786 202 348 4,115 611 860 492 628 2,223 131 128 1,539 ""io? 53 3 3 1 12 4 39 3 361 492 45 221 8 9 135 Alliance Ashtabula 2 Bellaire Cambridge 2,697 1,230 9,964 1,674 60,182 84,728 16, 428 "5," 938 1,653 58,584 64,041 14, 360 2,301 1,174 8,892 1,157 43,889 69, 643 13,137 ' '5,6ii 1,207 43,387 53, 316 11,563 264 56 955 517 14,949 13,746 3,146 ""896 316 14,213 9,362 2,476 42 117 'i,'3M 1,339 145 31 ChilUcothe Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus 30 984 1,363 311 Dayton 21, 549 17,093 17,876 14, 183 3,672 2,798 27 101 112 East Liverpool. Blyria.. ........ 4,873 2,673 1,376 6,228 "i,'343 3,687 2,357 921 3,720 "i,'644 1,218 289 454 1,468 ""294 26 4 8 68 27 1 40 Findlay 5 2 16 20 Hamilton Ironton 6,895 1,920 6,107 1,800 6,047 1,647 6,319 1,714 762 269 721 76 96 4 67 10 Lancaster 1,532 3,607 6,697 3,204 1,288 2,619 1,934 2,576 "2," 733 3,102 3,021 1,314 1,721 1,995 1,118 2,474 6,674 2,201 1,181 2,344 1,826 1,805 "2,' 042 3,075 2,215 1,245 1,517 1,766 412 1,082 20 984 106 272 87 769 2 61 3 19 1 3 21 2 Lima 591 26 786 59 160 54 i i 4 6 100 Lorain 1 Mansfield Marietta Marion 20 10 44 Massillon Middlfttown 175 Mount Vernon 16 11 1 4 19 2 8 10 64 102 4 4 3 59 Newark Norwood 3,913 3,907 2,683 3.728 2,118 7,405 4,267 1,632 18,878 1,798 10,498 2,932 4,176 3,627 "2,' 044 4,072 2,323 6,258 4,184 1.645 15,697 "8,"695 3,098 1,053 3.676 3,215 1,913 2,237 1,608 6,616 4,045 1,289 15,279 1,190 10, 214 2,582 3,805 3,326 i,647 2,726 1,817 5,762 3,791 1,130 13, 517 "7," 935 2,565 962 286 684 751 1,390 466 777 196 278 3,327 647 272 326 326 226 ""386 1,173 463 482 257 514 2,114 ""i23 509 63 51 8 19 101 44 12 26 66 272 61 12 25 46 75 ii Portsmouth Sandusky Springfield Steubenville Tiffin 173 43 14 136 1 Toledo 66 Warren Youngstown — Zanesville Oklahoma 37 24 28 Chickasha 337 283 185 171 828 2,226 433 845 845 13,474 364 303 282 180 381 1,398 ""333 ""726 326 252 137 160 751 1,904 407 728 801 11,649 366 275 247 164 360 1,245 ""297 ""665 11 30 32 9 73 316 15 102 40 1,761 5 28 18 16 15 146 3 Enid 26 37 1 16 2 4 6 11 15 4 64 Guthrie McAlester 17 io Muskogee Oklahoma City. 6 8 ""is Shawnee 806 462 12,811 8,171 730 428 11,048 7,110 73 25 1,744 973 3 9 19 88 1,172 238 59 11,273 732 578,387 ljl25 187 51 9,877 409 421,386 46 51 8 1,347 309 138,266 1 Eugene Medford Portland Salem 12,214 597 549, 491 8,171 467,712 10, 596 452 402,884 7,110 341,524 1,600 144 126,142 973 102, 128 49 14 18,736 18 1 20,465 88 Pennsylvania... 24,060 Allentown Altoona 13,685 10, 732 11,481 8,409 8.984 9,540 8,278 10,077 6,620 7,797 4,747 8,989 4,738 535 4,386 478 3,625 384 669 120 575 134 612 167 STAtTSTICS OF CITIES. 337 IVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 328.] ratole ISi-Con. AVEKAOE NtTMBEK OP WAGE EAENEKS IN MANUTAUTUKINQ NDUSTRIES. 16 years of age and over. Total. ■ Under 16 y of age. ears Male. Female. 1911 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 Pennsylvania.— Continued. Beaver Falls... 2,639 2,18C 2,232 2,413 1,980 1,980 152 137 132 74 63 120 Bethlehem i 1,496 1,583 854 879 499 546 143 158 Braddock 1,14C 1,04C 1,225 1,128 1,005 1,182 10 7 9 2 28 34 Bradford 1,178 1,31E 1,49C 1,052 1,123 1,310 115 162 119 11 33 61 Bristol 1.S09 iJsQ? 956 3,169 1,333 721 97 451 132 37 113 Butler 2,807 1,503 2,093 1,475 2,720 1,220 1,930 1,042 61 235 119 284 26 48 44 Carbondale 149 1,603 337 1,334 337 1,064 309 835 325 481 24 426 10 58 4 73 2 Carnegie Ghambersburg.. l.a.'iO 1,364 1,287 1,165 306 149 57 50 1,904 6,295 2,141 1,443 4,637 287 1,472 174 186 Chester 6,986 2,773 7,061 3,034 5,260 5,506 1,488 1,272 238 283 Columbia 1,424 1,966 2,108 632 643 667 85 164 259 Connellsville 1.087 1,035 1,038 1,005 43 27 6 3 Dubois 1,105 948 920 1,019 ""i,'i33 1,096 797 909 789 ""'928 7 116 10 173 '""'ios 2 35 1 57 Dunmore 100 4,062 11,016 1,479 3,388 9,619 2,720 8,415 3,062 9,443 2,392 8,415 1,836 7,498 904 1,242 881 934 673 706 90 331 116 270 211 Erie 211 1,362 108 9 Greater Punx- sutawney Greensburg 710 656 39 15 494 270 428 242 47 26 19 2 Harrisburg 7,966 9,743 7,965 5,486 7,08S 6,147 2,361 2,531 i,727 120 124 si Hazleton 2,744 2,682 1,406 899 995 611 1,552 1,357 666 293 330 129 Homestead 260 ■171 307 231 154 242 26 13 10 3 4 65 Johnstown 12,177 10,233 6,914 11,665 9,93£ 6,591 365 95 256 147 199 67 •Lancaster 8,862 7,955 8,693 5,526 4,690 4,926 2,907 2,770 3,088 429 495 679 670 Si, 270 484 3,993 81 1,141 6 136 Lebanon 6,591 4,387 4,288 3,565 1,046 782 257 40 McKeesport. 6,857 8,246 8,848 6,630 7,990 8,605 201 206 102 126 50 141 UcKees Rocks.. 3,54S 3,554 3,180 3,472 273 52 95 30 Mahanoy City.. MeadvilJe 661 59C 238 175 143 108 466 398 iis 20 49 12 1,676 2,036 1,30C 1,318 1,640 1,077 .326 382 221 32 14 2 Mount Cai'mel.. 978 60C 197 167 87 97 645 364 97 166 149 3 Nan ti coke 747 344 22c 103 70 52 538 179 109 106 95 68 Newcastle 6,381 ,5,521 5,433 6,055 5,327 6,240 304 168 163 22 36 30 Norristown 3,959 3,81S 3,517 2,127 1,940 1,028 1,681 1,676 1,636 151 202 353 Oil City 2,276 1,28S 1,557 2,215 1,256 1,613 67 24 33 4 3 11 Philadelphia... 251,286 ^1,294 228, 899 165,937 167, 140 153,681 76,822 73,848 61,830 8,627 10,306 13,388 Phoenixville.... 2,927 2,59c 2,295 1,934 473 585 159 80 Pittsburgh 2.... 69,620 67, 42( 71,618 58,879 58,698 62,i43 9,454 7,277 7,48i 1,287 1,445 i,994 Pittston 729 792 830 43f 351 504 250 390 274 41 61 52 Plymouth 478 908 827 107 285 140 315 518 521 56 105 166 2,622 3,619 3,457 1,971 2.93S 2,869 653 694 408 98 87 180 Potts vilie .. 3,506 2, 80S 1,904 2 382 2,021 1,266 846 628 495 279 159 143 Reading 24,131 24,145 18,053 16, 76C 16,610 12,100 6,333 6,213 4,473 1,038 1,322 1,480 Scran ton 12,559 12,8.51 10,912 7,095 6,756 6,531 4,686 ,5,068 3,180 778 1,027 1,201 Shamokin 2,634 1,62a 897 68i 359 271 1,435 1,016 619 51) 248 2,298 475 2,645 242 ""iib 2,243 238 2,523 158 ""i32 27 209 20 76 35 28 28 2 8 Shenandoah 3 South Bethle- 10,892 1,718 974 7,985 2,069 5,754 9,225 1,239 367 7,003 1,585 5,168 1,466 411 514 894 430 437 201 68 93 29 1 88 54 149 Sunbury Tamaqua Taylor Uniontown 333 776 "■"335 63 763 ""325 12 4 6 1,876 2,002 1,489 1,89b 1,776 1,766 1,295 1,703 95 171 179 129 5 65 64 Wasliington Westchester... 894 916 785 829 103 81 Wilkes-Barre... 8,107 7,553 5,92C 5,06! 4,943 3,483 2,510 2,062 i,966 634 548 477 Wilkinsburg.... Williamsport... 194 6,015 185 5,594 184 5,296 189 4,599 181 4,121 3,700 1,312 1,303 1,391 104 170 205 York 10,861 22,848 9,836 19, 054 7,952 4,656 7,632 21,436 7,494 18,006 5,331 4,570 2,844 1,221 1,998 795 1,960 54 375 191 344 253 661 AU other cities 3. 32 ' Wliile the population for 1900 was in excess of 10,000, statistics for 1904 are not available. > Includes statistics for Allegheny, annexed in 1907. ,„,.,. c. ^ nr 3 All other cities include Coatesville, Dickson City, Duquesne, Farrell (formerly South Sharonl, Mones- sen. North Braddock. Old Forgo, and Steelton in 1914; Coatesville, Duquesne, Monessen, North Braddock, Old Forge, South Sharon, and Steelton in 1909; and Steelton in 1904. 338 CENSUS OF MASriTFACTUEES : 1014. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE. BY STATES: IfrH, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 328.] TaTt)lel8d— Con. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 ^ of age' ears CITY. Male. Female. 19U 1909 1904 1914 1999 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 Rhode Island... 93,642 91,142 71,943 61,251 58,327 45, 667 29,105 29,120 22,406 3,286 3,695 3,870 Central Falls.... Cranston Cumherland East Pro\'idence 3,077 2,218 4,066 1,906 2,602 893 16,713 44,176 6,439 10,952 9,419 2,475 1,711 6,359 2,041 2,443 587 "i,'38i 1,543 2,024 2,633 1,677 1,862 779 9,500 31,002 4,133 6,098 6,681 1,072 1.509 1,124 493 1,348 171 1,754 200 607 105 6,393 12,073 2,036 4,358 1,965 1,252 188 1,962 331 1,097 92 ""283 186 23 279 29 73 9 820 1,101 270 496 783 161 14 289 69 222 2 1,661 1,097 1 Newport Pawtuclret Providence Warwick Woonsocket.... SoTJTH Carolina . 720 15,276 46,381 6,471 10, 703 8,179 849 12,064 39,804 6,153 8,672 8,697 609 8,724 31,166 4,136 6,293 5,703 801 6,504 26, 643 3,810 5,195 5,690 67 6,641 13,748 2,077 3,864 1,649 42 4,780 11,410 1,821 2,881 2,003 """910 1,467 259 646 827 8 770 1,751 522 596 1,004 1,146 2,737 2,228 1,428 1,880 1,486 748 2,070 1,876 839 1,148 1,220 250 617 281 447 460 249 148 150 71 142 272 16 Charleston, Columbia Greenville Spartanburg South Dakota.. 2,874 2,360 1,182 1,773 972 3, 450 2,393 1,204 1,650 465 2,088 1,874 667 1,074 717 2,425 1,682 651 932 379 592 244 339 474 243 844 378 385 396 82 194 232 176 225 12 181 333 168 322 4 Aberdeen Sioux Falls Tennessee 379 1,106 28, 684 295 677 27, 825 """465 26,093 285 935 24,643 215 502 23,783 '"'"379 21,910 93 156 3,802 75 168 3,340 82 3,572 1 15 239 5 7 702 4 611 Chattanooga Jackson Johnson City . . . Knox^'ille Memphis Nashville Tf,tar 7,182 1,509 611 2,420 8,389 8,573 31,789 6,410 1,405 6,420 1,268 6,3R2 1,434 681 1,800 7,028 6,818 23,517 5,807 1,280 5,844 1,118 743 47 14 599 740 1,059 3,056 494 112 399 112 67 28 16 21 21 96 216 109 13 177 38 2,362 7,927 9,721 26,303 2,999 7,374 S,032 17,435 1,722 7,198 7,776 22,982 2,192 6,656 6,200 15,268 596 383 1,755 2,883 732 671 1,658 1,827 44 346 190 438 75 147 174 340 107 311 891 1,073 70 886 5, 284 954 2,347 2,308 1,410 5,007 270 1,166 648 613 161 4,083 389 342 965 506 1,125 377 7, 165 94 297 830 1,053 71 856 4,251 908 2,256 1,945 1,204 5,168 270 1,159 636 443 153 3,528 327 318 921 434 977 361 5,685 13 14 67 12 1 30 981 36 83 349 133 418 6 6 68 6 541 55 24 20 62 138 3 1,335 754 863 51 825 4,882 833 1,752 2,059 1,094 6,338 213 977 746 641 115 3,105 273 366 641 ' 3,' 446 726 1,158 1,423 761 5,056 615 '"2"457 307 683 832 47 820 3,889 795 1,566 1,672 940 4,826 202 958 737 478 112 2,002 232 333 615 "2," 710 708 950 1,299 633 4,750 612 "2.' 204 276 60 20 4 1 870 37 143 301 124 450 8 7 7 53 3 481 39 26 120 ""sss 17 200 100 108 249 3 ""265 26 4 . 8 4 1 62 10 9 14 13 21 i 7 2 2 ''7 5 11 6 Beaumont Cleburne Dallas 4 123 1 63 26 30 02 3 12 1 10 147 Denison El Paso Fort Worth Gah-eston Houston Laredo Marshall Palestine 3 18 20 57 San Anselo San Antonio Sherman Temple 22 2 7 48 6 Texarkana 14 10 10 13 135 484 1,033 •""w 442 820 '""'ni 40 143 '260 2 64 T^aco 30 Wichita Falls... Utah 5,610 3,789 4,623 3,130 939 579 48 80 l,8q4 330 4,931 6,269 1,323 1,013 1, 458 198 4,029 5,338 1,057 841 388 127 820 918 262 136 48 6 82 13 4 36 Salt Lake City.. Vermont 4,287 6,347 2,776 4,103 3,J66 5,171 2.289 2,969 677 1,133 443 1,104 44 43 44 30 2, .366 2, 132 1,771 2,340 2,371 1,636 "2," 300 1,803 2,355 1,452 1,631 2, 325 1,001 1, 245 "i.'cig 1,350 9 678 231 3 740 390 """662 452 2 2 9 12 30 1 Burlington Rutland 29 1 STATISTICS OF CITIES. 339 AVERAOE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, FOR CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY STATES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head o( this table, p. 328.] Taljle 184— Con. AVEE.^GE number OF WAGE EARNERS IN MANUFACTirRlNG INOUSTRIER. Total. iiiy. Male. arsof ageand over. Under 10 years CITY. Female, of age. t«14 1909 1904 1914 1909 1B01 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 Virginia' 41,363 36, 782 29, 160 31, 132 26,012 20,396 9,279 9,449 7,481 952 1,321 1,273 Alexandria Danville L^Tichburg Nortolk 1,504 2,691 3,474 5,900 3,903 767 17,282 5,496 346 30,573 1,470 3,076 4,026 4,749 3,887 842 14, 849 3,544 339 28,508 1,291 3,018 2,534 2,935 3,288 551 12, 444 3,089 14,831 1,390 1,751 2,373 4,581 2,248 582 12,728 5,244 235 27,885 1,331 1,712 2,801 3,518 2,434 678 10,010 3,312 216 26,358 1,202 1,560 1,759 2,022 1,984 430 8,515 2,934 13,815 82 840 995 1,2.58 1,438 156 4,171 246 93 2,540 69 1,086 968 1,073 1,271 130 4,538 201 113 2,002 53' 32 1,091| 100 651 106 746 *^i 70 36 278 377 257 124 158 lfi7 Petersburg...... Portsmouth Richmond Roanoke Staunton W ASinNGTON 1,053 73 3,704 110 970 217 29 883 6 18 148 182 34 301 31 10 148 2ol 43 225 45 40 Aberdeen Bellingham Everett 1,568 1,922 1,959 1,657 5S2 12,429 3,020 6,766 360 311 23,408 1,509 1,566 2,200 "i,'3i4 1,523 1,828 1,914 1,621 561 10,924 2,532 6,366 327 289 19,621 1,480 1,456 2,120 "i,"282 43 76 41 36 9 1,450 451 387 33 14 3,520 26 73 66 29 2 18 4 3 37 14 3 I North Yakima . Seattle .... 601 11, 523 3,901 6,820 2,428 4,457 5.58 10,397 3,492 6,485 "5," 763 2,297 4,240 23 1,080 395 323 ""696 129 209 12 55 37 12 ""26^:::;:: 46 31 Spokane Tacoma Vancouver u' 2 12| 8 Walla Walla..,. West VmaiNiA... 38S 16, 501 242 11,687 370 12,482 233 9,671 16 2,588 ? 1,514 8 267 2 2 431 602 Bluefield Charleston Clarksburg 1,247 1,081 316 1,837 4,641 1,668 1,470 1,608 1,820 7,920 121,095 670 951 ""887 1,238 946 298 1,671 4,399 741 1,263 1,191 1,446 6,428 99,250 644 789 ""767 4 125 18 162 235 760 172 296 365 1,393 19,426 17 155 ""i62 5 10 9 7 18 4 7 77 35 21 9 99 2,420 1 Huntington Martinsburg 3,166 1,420 2,229 2,965 766 1,972 108 629 156 93! ioi 35 Moundsville • Parkersburg Wheeling Wisconsin 1,495 7,809 113,662 1,444 7,127 89,669 1,286 6,062 93,086 1,358 5,574 72,250 i87 1,492 16,874 71 1,185 14,063 22 265 3,702 15 368 3,356 Apple ton Ashland Beloit 2,144 797 3,527 2,315 1,925 2,724 l,49.j 7,155 3,340 2,084 2,012 2,112 61,839 6,782 10, 079 7, 152 2,121 2,492 93S 2,125 1,116 2,986 2,524 2,707 2,579 1,451 6,449 3,329 1,792 1, 325 1,491 59, 602 5,778 8,381 5,988 1,847 2,092 750 2,486 1,361 2,471 1,985 2,566 2,111 1,348 4,354 2,644 1,476 1,321 1,645 43,366 4,840 6,504 5,903 1,343 1,945 552 1,785 765 3,249 2,114 1, 594 2,318 1,088 6,237 2,474 1,747 1,660 1,846 48,662 4,697 8,647 6.307 1,992 2,168 917 1,687 1,090 2,774 2,327 2,271 2,267 1,001 5,598 2,370 1,693 1,2.55 1,347 46, 981 4,692 7.132 5,030 1,723 1,948 742 1,950 1,338 2, 2,b9 1,826 2,171 1,829 971 3,411 1,929 1,279 1.029 1,577 33, 028 4,174 6,453 4,952 1,266 1,808 547 344 28 270 174 313 390 386 858 806 323 294 249 11,722 1,001 1,201 632 128 306 20 400 16 188 177 376 273 441 683 896 170 242 143 10,118 774 1,106 6S3 118 71 7 487 22 176 147 353 230 357 913 626 161 273 28 8,093 605 946 646 60 40 5 15 4 8 27 18 16 21 60 60 14 58 17 1,555 84 231 213 1 18 1 38 11 24 20 60 168 63 29 28 1 2,403 312 143 49 1 86 Eau Claire Fond duLac... Green Bav Janosville Kenosha La Crosse Madison Manitowoc Marinette Milwaukee Oshkosh 12 42 .52 20 30 89 36 19 40 2,245 161 103 Sheboygan Superior Wausau Wyoming 275! 305 6 17 73 97 1 Cheyenne .S21 117 33,616 750 552 808 109 30, 485 742 647 13 2,979 7 5 i 152 1 All other cities'.. 20,266 14,801 19, 569 li,403 62S 1,039 169 359 > Does not include statistics for Newport News. 2 All other cities Include Cicero. 111.; Gary, Ind.: Virginia, Minn.: Independence, Mo.; West Orange, N. J.; Lackawanna, N. Y., and Newport News, Va., in 1914; Cicero, 111.; Gary, Ind.; Virginia, Minn.; Great Falls, Mont.; West Orange, N. J.; Lackawanna, N. Y.; Lakewood, Ohio; and Newport News, Va., in 1909; and Great Falls, Mont., Orange and Perth Amboy, N. J., and Newport News, Va., in 1904. 340 CENSUS OP MANUFACrUBES : 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, PERCENTAGE BY SEX AND AGE, AND PER CENT OF INCREASE, FOR CITIES HAVING 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914 1909 AND 1904. ' Taiwe 185 AVEEAOE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN MANUFACTUHING INDUSTRIES. Census year. Per cent ol total. Period. Per cent of increase.i arr. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. Male. Female. Male. Fenoale. Alabama: Birmingliain 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1014 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 94.6 93.0 93.4 93.0 94.8 95.8 92.8 91.8 91.0 71.1 86.2 84.6 81.8 86.9 • 86.9 76.3 81.1 76.6 82.9 89.4 91.7 76.9 80.9 78.6 83.9 86.8 87.6 86.5 89.5 91.7 70.2 70.9 71.7 83.8 83.6 83.6 80.1 77.7 78.1 74.6 73.9 75.7 76.4 74.8 71.1 82.4 86.0 83.2 87.4 89.0 89.1 92.2 92.4 93.4 73.6 71.5 72.5 77.6 87.6 92.2 4.3 4.9 4.9 6.2 3.2 2.8 5.9 6.3 7.1 27.9 13.4 14.5 17.9 12.0 12.5 23.3 15.4 16.8 11.2 10.2 6.6 22.1 18.3 19.8 15.4 12.3 10.8 13.1 10.4 8.0 27.7 26.6 26.0 16.1 15.2 15.6 19.6 19.8 19.7 23.2 23.1 22.0 23.3 23.0 26.7 10.1 13.7 13.4 12.1 10.7 9.7 7.2 6.4 3.6 24.4 23.6 21.4 19.2 11.2 7.2 1.1 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.1- 1.4 0.9 0.3 1.1 1.6 0.4 3.5 6.7 6.9 0.4 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.7 0.7 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.3 2.1 2.6 2.3 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.4 2.5 2.2 2.2 3.0 2.3 1.3 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.3 3.4 0.5 0.2 1.2 0.6 1.2 2.9 2.1 4.9 6.1 3.3 1.2 0.6 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 176.1 22.8 124.9 1.3 8.1 -6.3 14.3 10.6 3.3 230.1 2.2 223.1 117.0 29.0 68.2 129.3 6.0 118.4 14.7 9.4 4.8 -19.1 6.9 -24.3 9.5 -8.2 19.2 -9.0 -17.6 10. 4 50.9 15.6 30.7 53.0 17.5 30.2 45.7 9.2 33.4 1.5.0 7.5 7.0 39.0 0.9 37.8 10.4 -^0.4 10.9 38.2 13.1 22.2 4.8 41.4 -26.8 7.2 5.1 1.9 -35.3 -16.9 -22.1 136.7 4.5 126.5 -34.6 Mobile Arkansas: Little Rock -7.1 2.4 -9.3 California: 165.2 224.7 104.4 68.9 218.8 68.7 89.0 115.2 28.7 67.1 -7.6 35.7 -31.9 63.1 19.6 36.5 -64.3 -69.9 14.0 -85.8 ■ -86.7 6.2 San Francisco Colorado: Denver -61. 2 42.6 -65.8 -49.3 -29.9 -27.7 Pueblo..'.... 7.2 Connecticut: Bridgeport 64.0 21.2 36.3 47.8 16.9 26.4 41.6 4.8 36.1 22.8 6.4 15.4 14.1 1.1 12.8 33.6 20.6 10.9 76.8 29.9 35.4 41.6 -3.8 47.2 nartford -0.5 New Britain -77.0 -84.9 62.3 10.8 -21.6 41.3 -20.4 -38.0 28.4 -61.2 16.6 -67.7 New Haven Waterbury Delaware: District of Columbia. . . Florida: Jacksonville 67.8 Georgia: 21.1 5.8 14.4 106.2 60.3 28.0 -63.3 '"-55.9 -16.9 Savannah lArainussign(-) denotes decrease. Percentages are omitted when base is less than 100. STATISTICS OF CITIES. 341 AVKEAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, PERCENTAGE BY SEX AND AGE, AND PER CENT OF INCREASE, FOR CITIES HAVING 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914, 1909, AND 1904-Contmued. Table 185— Continued. average NUMBEB of wage EAENEBS m MANUTACTUEraa INDUSTRIES. CITY. Census year. Per cent of total. Period. Per cent of inorease.i 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. Male. Female. Male. Female. ILLINOLS: 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 78.7 78.7 79.3 98.1 95.8 94.B 82.5 87.2 90.4 82.6 81.8 81.0 79.7 80.0 82.0 75.1 71.0 75.7 75.2 72.8 75.9 83.7 82.3 80.9 82.4 83.9 81.4 81.4 85.0 85.4 79.0 78.2 78.8 83.2 87.8 90.4 92.2 91.7 88.7 83.2 81.3 87.6 84.3 78.6 75.6 79.3 78.6 77.4 68.3 71.0 70.8 79.0 74.4 74.8 61.7 61.9 63.6 67.2 66.6 69.2 72.6 72.3 73.2 19.9 19.6 19.4 1.6 3.0 3.2 16.5 12.1 8.4 16.9 10.1 17.2 19.6 18.8 17.4 23.7 23.8 19.9 23.1 22.8 20.0 15.6 -15.9 17.4 16.9 12.8 15.4 18.3 14.3 14.0 20.3 19.8 20.0 15.8 11.0 7.0 7.3 7.9 7.9 16.8 18.5 11.0 15.4 20.2 21.4 20.4 20.0 18.6 27.7 23.3 24.8 20.3 24.9 24.3 34.9 32.0 30.4 31.2 30.3 29.3 29.4 26.0 26.0 1.4 1.7 1.3 0.3 1.2 2.3 2.1 0.8 1.2 0.5 2.1 1.8 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.2 5.2 4.4 1.7 4.4 4.1 0.7 1.8 1.7 0.8 3.3 3.3 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 2.6 0.6 0.4 3.3 "■"6."2' 1.4 0.3 1.2 3.0 0.3 1.3 4.0 3.9 6.7 4.4 0.6 O.C 1.0 3.4 6.0 6.0 1.6 3.3 1.4 1.0 1.6 0.7 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 . 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904^1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904^1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904^1909 28.7 6.7 20.7 35.0 14.9 17.6 -1.7 -0.6 -1.2 47.6 13,6 29.9 31.6 13.4 16.0 32.1 24.0 6.6 43.1 12.0 27.8 20.0 -0.7 20.9 37.3 1.6 36.2 24.2 10.1 0.9 28.1 -0.3 28.5 90.3 20.1 58.5 29.2 7.2 20.6 28.3 -2.5 31.7 -3.6 -12.9 10.7 6.3 -3.2 9.8 -4.2 -2.9 -1.3 26.5 12.6 12.3 9.9 2.8 6.9 21.3 7.9 12.4 16.0 10.7 4.8 32.8 8.5 22.5 -33.6 -39.1 9.1 97.6 34.6 46.7 42.0 17.9 20.6 52.6 l.S. 2 29.1 58.7 10.7 30.0 66.8 9.6 '52.2 3.8 -4.4 8.6 48.8 36.3 9.2 70.8 65.4 9.9 29.7 0.7 28.7 362.3 81.8 154.3 14.3 -2.4 17.0 106.5 -13. 6 138.8 -37.8 -38.1 0.5 14.1 -2.3 16.8 11.0 20.1 -7.6 0.2 -13.5 15.8 30.2 12.5 15.7 32.8 9.8 20.9 18.4 11.7 6.0 37.0 -13.1 57.7 -82.7 East St. Louis Peoria -38.5 -73.8 47.7 Indiana: -74.3 36.6 -58.3 42.3 -03.3 22.7 -76.2 31.3 Iowa: Dcs Moines -66.7 Sioux City.. Kansas: -81.0 -85.5 Kenttjcky: -91.9 -67.7 -92.7 Loutsiana: New Orleans -79.8 -63.8 -10.0 Maine: -29.5 27.7 Maryland: Baltimore -34.8 Massachusetts: Boston -41.2 10.9 38.9 Brockton ... -48.4 109.2 CO. 2 -31.8 135.0 Slutted when base is less than 100. 342 CENSUS OF MANITFACTTJEES : 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, PERCENTAGE BY SEX AND AGE, AND PER CENT OF INCREASE, FOR CITIES HAVING fiO.OOO INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914, 1909, AND 1904- Continued. Taljle 185— Continued. AVEKAGE NUMBEE OF WAGE EASNERS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Census year. Per cent of total. 16 years of age and over. Male. Female. Under 16 years of age. Period. Per cent of increase.' 16 years of age and over. Male. Female. Massachusetts— Contd. Cambridge Fall River Holyoke Lawrence Lowell Lynn New Bedford Somerville Springfield Worcester Micegan: Detroit Grand Rapids Saginaw Minnesota: Duluth Minneapolis St. Paul Missouri: Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis Nebraska: Omaha New Hampshire: Manchester 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 70.6 69.7 70.8 53.9 55.1 53.9 58.4 53.9 55.9 62.2 57.3 57.2 56.6 62.5 53.1 68.9 69.7 70.7 67.8 59.1 58.0 95.4 91.7 89.6 77.1 73.5 75.1 76.1 75.7 76.3 82.3 79.2 74.1 83.9 86.2 86.4 86.4 86.4 87.7 89.5 92.3 92.6 80.5 84.6 84.9 78.7 75.3 74.3 75.5 74.0 76.5 63.2 60.6 69.5 74.9 75.3 75.7 76.3 78.8 76.9 00.8 56. 55.8 28.3 27.6 27.4 40.4 40.3 41.4 38.0 39.1 36.9 36.0 37.5 37.4 41.6 33.7 41.7 30.7 29.5 28.0 39.0 35.8 36.7 4.0 7.0 9.2 22.0 23.0 22.0 22.6 20.4 21.0 16.7 18.6 22.3 15.8 13.2 12.4 13.4 13.2 11.0 10.4 7.3 0.8 19.3 16.1 14.8 21.1 24.5 25.5 24.0 24.3 21.0 30.6 37.8 38.6 23.7 21.9 20.3 23.4 20.8 22.3 38.6 42.8 4i3 1.1 2.7 1.9 5.6 4.7 4.6 3.0 7.0 7.8 1.8 5.3 5.3 1.8 3.8 5.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 3.1 6.1 5.3 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.9 3.5 2.9 1.4 4.0 2.7 1.0 2.2 3.6 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.6 2.6 0.2 1.6 2.0 1.4 2.8 4.0 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.9 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904^1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904^1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904^1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904^1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904^1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904^1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904^1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 14.6 11.3 3.0 37.2 -2.9 41.3 24.5 14.7 8.5 54.0 10.3 39.0 8.8 -16.3 29.9 14.6 -8.4 25.2 80.3 22.8 51.7 66.3 7.0 65.6 38.8 25.9 10.2 28.8 4.9 22.8 128.4 27.9 78.6 9.0 -3.5 13.0 40.6 18.2 19.0 34.2 -11.7 52.0 23.9 -0.1 24.0 43.7 5.4 36.4 46.4 13.2 28.4 12.1 -4.9 17.9 1.7 -3.2 5.1 52.1 7.7 41.3 60.3 13.5 41.2 18.8 12.6 5.6 34.0 -0.3 34.5 24.7 4.5 19.3 36.3 -2.3 39.5 1.7 14.2 -10.9 29.1 - 3.6 33.8 98.7 30.7 45.3 -31.3 -40.8 10.0 35.6 15.0 17.8 38.8 15.7 20.0 53.5 10.2 39.3 42.3 18.4 20.1 73.2 20.0 44.4 110.3 29.3 62.6 70.8 34.3 27.2 12.2 -13.4 29.6 68.6 9.5 54.0 -0.1 -11.6 13.1 20.2 5.5 13.9 61.0 26.3 28.6 33.9 -6.9 42.3 ' A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Percentages are omitted when base is less than 100. STATISTICS OF CITIES. 343 AVEHAGE NUMBEK OF WAGE KARNERS, PERCENTAGE BY SEX AND AGE, AND PER CENT OF INCREASE, FOR CITIES HAVING 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914, 1909, AND 1904-Contmue(l. Table 185— Continued. AVEEAGE NUMBEE Or WAGE EAENEE.5 IN MANUFACIUEING INDUSTEIES. Census year. Per cent of total. Period. Per cent of increase.^ CITT. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Under Male. Female. Male. Female. of age. New Jersey: Atlantic City 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 ■ 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 95.5 97.2 95.0 89.4 88.1 96.4 81.7 78.2 76.1 84.5 88.6 90.5 73.0 73.8 73.0 70.2 71.3 72.3 71.3 71. S 71.3 54.0 64.2 48.3 59.7 57.5 63.7 78.0 79.6 78,7 68.3 70.6 66.4 57.4 67.5 58.1 84.5 84.4 83.6 65.8 66.1 67.6 68.3 68.3 66.0 90.7 88.1 92.8 79,1 80,3 78.6 47.6 43.0 40.4 58.9 68.7 59.3 65.3 65.3 61.6 88.4 84.6 82.6 88.3 89.2 84.4 4.4 1.8 3.1 9,9 9.6 1.6 17.7 19.0 19.9 15.2 11.1 8.8 25.9 23.3 22.0 29.0 27.0 25.2 27.2 25.6 25.8 44.2 43.0 47.6 38.3 39.3 32.1 19.3 18.8 17.8 31.3 28.7 32.6 41.2 41.9 41.4 14.3 14.5 15.5 33.5 33.2 31.7 30.0 30.6 32.5 9.0 11.6 6.9 19.8 18.6 19.8 51.8 56.7 58.5 39.3 39.5 38.3 34.6 34.3 37.6 11.4 14.0 16.0 11.4 9.6 15.1 0.1 1.0 1.8 0.6 2.4 1.9 0.6 2.8 4.0 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.2 2.8 5.0 0.8 1.8 2.5 1.5 2.9 2.8 1.8 2.9 4.1 2.0 3.2 4.1 2.7 1.7 3.4 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.1 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.2 1.6 0.5 0.3 1.1 1.9 1.8 2.5 ^"o^.3 0.8 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.5 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909, 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 142.3 14.8 111.0 33.4 37.1 -2.7 91.1 42.5 34.1 -2.6 -3.7 1.2 28.6 16.4 10.4 47.9 20.0 23.3 24.3 4.9 18.5 74.0 16.5 49.3 1.6 0.4 1.2 38.9 4.8 32.6 7.4 -8.0 16.8 27.0 6.0 19.7 26.1 6.9 19.1 22.5 5.1 16.6 43.8 12.8 27.4 20.9 22.1 -1.0 21.4 -4.6 27.3 7.3 -4.0 11.8 16.0 -3.0 19.6 37.3 -0.5 37.9 174.4 63.0 68.3 116.0 21.7 77.4 Bayonne 768.1 40.3 519.0 58.1 26.9 24.6 80.0 39.0 29.5 51.3 30.8 15.7 75.4 31.2 33.7 31.1 12.1 16.9 45.0 20.5 20.3 29.2 -5.9 37.3 52.2 10.0 38.4 0.2 3.5 -3.2 27.8 4.3 22.5 15.3 4.4 10.5 33.0 6.6 24.7 28.3 10.5 16.1 62.6 -7.9 76.6 20.4 2.8 17.0 -19.2 -20.7 1.9 19.9 -4.0 24.9 19.1 0.4 18.7 82.1 26.0 44.4 55.5 45.9 6.6 —52.9 -63.8 30.1 -71.8 -69.3 - 8.2 Hoboken -70.6 -52.0 -38.7 -51.4 -45.3 -11.1 -32.8 -44.1 20.2 -32.0 -26.8 -7.1 -46.6 TrentOQ -37.4 -145 10.9 Ne"W Yokk: 76.3 -36.8 Buffalo 78.3 Now York City Rocliester 18.6 50.4 33.7 14.1 17.2 48.0 78.0 -16.9 Syracuse - -18.0 Troy -9.0 -9.9 -54.2 Utica -66.0 -11.9 -11.9 Ohio: -60.7 -76.0 63.7 -66.7 I A minus sign (-) denotes decrease. Percentages are omitted when base is less than 100. 344 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTTKES : 1914. AVERAaE NtTMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, PERCENTAGE BY SEX AND AGE, AND PER' CENT OF INCREASE, FOR CITIES HAVING 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. Table 185— Continued. Omo — CoTitijiued. Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Springfield Toledo Youngstown... Oklahoma: Oltlahoma City. Okegon: Portland Pennsylvania: Allentown Altoona Erie Harrisburg Jobnstown Phiiadelphia... Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Willces-Barre... Rhode Island: Pawtuelset Providence 1 A minus .sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 2 Less than one-tentli ul 1 per cent. avekage number of wage earners in manufacturing industries. Per cent of total. Period. Per cent of increaso.i Census 16 years of age 16 years of age and year. and over. Under over. Under 16 years of age. of age. Male. Female. Male. Female. 1914 75.2 24.2 0.6 1904-1914 3.7 2.1 -63.3 1909 72.9 24.8 2.2 1909-1914 2.6 -2.9 -73.1 1904 74.1 24.3 1.7 1904-1909 1.2 5.2 36.6 1914 82.3 17.2 0.6 1904-1914 59.6 89.7 -63.9 1909 82.2 16.2 1.6 1909-1914 22.2 29.2 -63.3 1904 83.3 14.6 2.1 1904-1909 30.6 46.8 -1.8 1914 82.8 17.0 0.3 1904-1914 23.4 18.0 -85.5 1909 80.0 19.2 0.9 1909-1914 8.6 -7.1 -69.0 1904 80.6 17.3 2.2 1904-1909 13.6 27.1 -53.4 1914 84.0 15.8 0.1 1904-1914 42.6 36.2 -75.9 1909 83.0 16.6 0.6 1909-1914 13.1 6.7 -73.3 1904 83.0 16.4 0.7 1904-1909 26.0 27.7 -9.8 1914 89.9 89.3 92.1 84.4 80.9 10.0 10.5 7.7 16.2 17.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.4 1904-1914 1909-1914 1904-1909 1904-1914 1909-1914 22.8 6.9 14.8 69.1 49.6 63.1 1.2 61.2 94.7 23.7 1909 1904 1914 1909 -62.5 1904 86.1 94.6 97.3 98.0 85.5 89.1 92.4 87.6 86.8 87.0 60.5 13.5 5.4 2.6 1.6 14.2 10.4 6.1 11.9 13.1 11.9 34.6 0.4 Does not include statistics tor Gary. STATISTICS OF CITIES. 351 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS. AND VALUE ADDED BY LISHMENT8 IN EACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 19U— ContiAUCd. [See note at bead of this table, pp. 346 and 347.] VALUE OF PROD- UCTS OF ESTAR- LI3HMENTS WITFI PRODUCT OP— 120,000 to $100,000 1(100,000 and over. $2, 383 1,081 3,609 1,685 524 414 1,281 373 613 358 1,003 305 3,730 2,282 585 575 12, 346 s.sei 868 1,253 918 1,035 1,308 765 216 1,222 920 327 546 1,147 552 2,144 2,278 500 779 1,127 ^ 2,352 1,015 880 2,514 3,904 1,865 509 1,0S6 1,353 678 606 731 932 2,933 1,881 440 352 376 377 825 171 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOR E.STABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OP— Less than 85,000 S5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 and over. Expressed in thousands. $6, 350 4,949 21, 794 9,070 s.ioe 11, SOS 11,081 (X) 90 1,665 41,012 7,SS5 7,666 26, 083 27,129 19, 748 2,058 124,250 (X) 9.474 s,esg 4,861 2,S60 5,123 U,tn 11,898 9,161 1,870 S,990 842 8,726 2,152 28,024 22, 812 4,364 (X) 6,594 31,812 8,987 2,932 13,611 18, 365 12,284 4,101 (X) 6,563 4,141 10,781 4,597 19,913 45,454 11,725 3,164 3,164 1,068 4,485 (X) 188 $395 $1, 167 64 240 634 89 495 1,963 101 607 890 34 100 254 20 81 208 51 203 652 17 61 881 5 98 140 21 113 320 33 94 160 48 194 480 9 118 135 103 459 1,892 100 373 1,077 34 111 292 27 80 275 377 1,640 6,646 23 68 i,M2 26 143 357 24 183 646 18 74 454 12 139 491 34 116 645 24 114 302 44 59 101 48 171 581 49 207 402 6 81 171 16 69 275 62 151 646 23 59 225 109 478 1,064 71 312 1,176 34 162 255 12 63 SU 61 194 576 61 436 1,272 61 204 474 64 202 459 80 611 1,389 187 733 2,138 29 298 855 15 148 248 39 133 590 40 143 611 19 156 301 19 150 367 103 312 353 21 204 465 79 613 1,398 53 277 1,030 31 131 215 15 52 167 20 122 212 14 66 181 34 137 435 8 87 108 16 58 88 $3, 472 S,IS9 10,410 4,390 1,7S1 4,433 4,772 (X) 271 427 12, 753 3,64S S;eS6 10,562 14, 507 10, 318 869 39, 973 (X) 4,037 1,SB6 g,975 1,010 2,349 4,47S 6,369 3, SIS 718 2,S9S 310 4,523 874 16, 787 13, 132 2,112 (X) 2,820 7,272 2,749 1,262 4,977 8,413 5,344 1,342 (X) 2,306 1,336 4,423 2,223 2,596 6,671 4,953 541 737 235 892 (X) nORSEPOV,^ER. Primary. Total. 6,297 5,430 21,039 9,823 6,823 18,663 16,569 3,047 1,679 2,004 44,676 5,952 6,617 24, 102 16, 771 9,825 2,440 65, 215 3,621 12, 178 3,932 4,976 2,454 6,172 7,889 8,255 7,406 4,462 3,674 1,819 6,707 3,155 21,512 14, 552 4,120 487 4,961 12,634 8,842 2,495 9,121 13,978 9,098 2,930 714 4,413 2,388 17, 158 5,916 4,434 11,646 9,683 2,609 764 2,632 817 5,618 541 188 Steam engines and turbines, water wheels and motors. Inter- nal com- bus- tion en- gines. Rented. Owned. 4,167 1,958 14,006 7,429 4,965 18, 112 13, 058 1,910 1,532 1,385 38,977 3,812 5,987 17, 182 11,270 7,173 670 40,385 1,873 3,777 2,632 4,212 1,987 2,411 6,133 6,455 1,720 3,984 2,785 1,290 3,864 1,928 15, 898 12,494 3,582 110 4,099 6,170 7,809 1,418 5,147 9,114 5,702 1,790 414 1, 892 1,339 16,062 5,268 2,347 8,910 3,832 1,424 687 1,654 595 4,060 420 3o 52 28 246 8 48 423 40 5 12 38 322 36 167 19 21 1,624 70 6,602 33 28 2 35 4 8 880 27 4 142 30 49 40 342 153 66 80 51 134 271 128 70 193 63 48 30 12 236 192 67 479 268 135 747 69 16 38 17 jElectric, owned and rented. 2,078 3,444 6,787 2,388 8l2 551 3,088 1,097 142 607 5,681 1,818 630 6,884 5,3.38 2,631 1,749 23,300 1,578 1,899 1,287 696 485 3,726 1,752 1,792 4,808 451 885 387 1,813 1,180 5,774 1,716 385 377 798 6,234 982 943 3,703 4,738 3,326 947 237 2,473 1,019 1,084 414 1,895 2,669 5,272 917 42 231 153 1,542 83 136 2,603 4,580 10, 901 3,423 3,878 2,899 4,044 2,236 376 642 29,438 3,404 1,820 8,408 10,003 9,547 1,787 40, 103 1,678 8,316 1,597 3,348 618 3,382 9,207 3,117 6,622 634 2,364 977 3,863 1,405 13,823 2,721 726 377 1,663 10,471 5,092 1,147 6,019 6,370 4,373 1,605 234 2,752 1,177 23, 876 1,604 2,035 5,863 6,497 982 67 634 233 1,947 ' 8J 146 352 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH AVER- MANUFACTURE FOR EACH CLASS, AND HORSEPOWER REPORTED FOR ALL ESTAB- [See note at head of this tabic, pp. 346 and 347.] Tal3ie 186— Continued. Kansas— Contd. Kansas City... Lawrence I>eavenwortli. Parsons Pittsbmg Salina Topeka Wichita Kentucky : Covington Frankfort Henderson — Hopkinsville. . Lexington Louisville Newport Owensboro — Paducah Louisiana: Alexandria — Baton Rouge.. Lake Charles. . Monroe New Orleans. - Shreveport Maine: Auburn Augusta Bangor Biddeford Lewiston Portland Sanford Waterville Maryland ; Baltimore Cumberland. . . Frederick Hagerstown. . . Massachusetts Adams Amesbury Arlington Attleboro Beverly Boston Brockton Brookline Cambridge Chelsea Chicopee Clinton Dedham Everett Fall River Fitchburg Framingham. . Gardner Gloucester Greenfield Haverhill Holyoke Lawrence NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— Less S5,000 S20,000 than to to $5,000 $20,000 5100,000 04 61 41 12 16 11 20 24 19 7 9 8 12 17 11 15 15 12 40 63 37 67 75 33 62 48 34 11 10 6 15 11 10 6 10 5 31 38 38 201 196 200 43 33 18 17 16 20 12 28 22 15 14 11 14 16 10 10 12 7 9 10 109 234 212 9 28 18 25 26 17 7 18 6 30 46 30 31 20 8 39 32 13 79 114 69 14 21 6 19 12 8 840 761 545 17 24- 20 10 15 19 26 36 37 10 13 4 18 15 16 3 10 4 35 35 42 17 19 18 604 1,126 869 42 75 69 4 10 6 45 88 97 27 33 37 10 15 15 13 13 r 6 7 14 21 28 81 111 61 30 43 32 5 19 9 14 16 17 24 30 13 11 18 13 80 119 114 60 70 34 57 85 30 SlOO, 000 and over. 35 2 10 4 5 6 25 24 17 4 6 3 5 181 2 2 9 3 118 18 356 13 V 14 10 2 39 13 479 57 1 86 26 16 3 2 22 62 32 16 17 20 8 85 58 43 "WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — Less $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 than to to and $5,000 $20, 000 $100,000 over. 50 191 603 12, 191 13 58 /,or (X) 26 114 296 797 12 34 98 896 14 41 160 863 18 63 193 156 40 211 633 3,944 46 283 395 981 112 278 707 2,102 22 60 78 386 19 63 214 861 10 67 108 166 40 156 642 392 204 930 3,771 21,025 119 292 437 1,032 30 57 390 624 17 198 384 1,803 29 61 269 (X) 30 78 260 (X) 26 52 135 888 3 43 252 311 255 1,088 3,860 12, 149 9 107 268 1,155 20 107 247 4,431 9 87 110 2,025 44 207 478 471 30 95 89 4,840 48 176 263 5,735 100 570 1,240 3,287 14 75 122 3,219 21 . 72 155 1,814 1,079 3,974 10, 146 58,570 25 123 403 2,266 29 74 308 735 40 174 903 2,467 12 32 57 3,829 16 60 297 1,078 4 39 20S (X) 55 233 1,107 4,663 19 92 280 4,250 780 5,521 14,782 57,811 38 408 1,052 14,748 4 48 28S (X) 53 361 1,711 14.624 23 129 598 5,491 13 77 410 7,926 7 39 18S 3,835 10 Si6 (X) 11 86 472 2,067 65 394 1,629 34,846 29 169 743 7,896 6 78 177 3,721 18 88 305 3,653 31 144 233 2,406 22 111 200 1,203 90 604 2,012 13,575 40 279 572 10,002 64 255 594 30, 130 VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISH- MENTS "WITH PRODUCT OF— Less than $5,000 Expressed in thousands. $164 31 66 19 27 41 117 176 159 28 32 15 77 488 97 36 28 42 41 49 13 434 77 16 100 48 2,093 43 44 66 22 37 12 93 60 1,833 102 U 110 70 40 26 13 26 208 76 17 36 71 33 213 141 161 STATISTICS OF CITIES. 353 AGE NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY LISHMENTS IN EACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914— Continued. [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347.] 120,000 to SlOOyODO VALDE OF PBOD- ,UCTS OF ESTAB- USHMENTS ■WITH PRODUCT OF— $100,000 and over. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOR ESTABUSHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — Less $6,000 $20,000 than to to $5,000 $2), 000 $100,000 $100,000 and over. Expressed in thousands. $2,097 937 220 524 429 1,704 1,361 1,707 231 597 188 1,734 ; 9,624 852 900 902 297 435 9,493 772 ■ 765 342 1,389 212 638 3,283 230 428 26,676 947 641 1,919 161 741 «3 2,117 838 40,013 3,020 623 4,695 1,679 855 388 1,077 3,025 1,641 488 604 692 570 5,580 1,724 1,594 $156,783 (X) 3,527 2,020 1,473 3,127 18,310 9,405 6,917 4,390 2,219 1,083 1,332 93,120 7,018 2,945 3,2521 (X) (x) 3,211 577 57,413 5,166 12,778 4,353 1,604 9,082 9,541 10,081 7,836 3,386 178,739 6,860 2,321 5,034 6,205 2,613 (X) 11,373 7,692 231,093 47,261 (X) 51, 751 14, 891 27,823 6,206 (X) 11,889 60,304 21,980 8,037 6,640 7,436 2,717 35,350 41,427 70,637 $100 $327 $1,067 21 88 665 48 109 448 11 60 124 17 82 255 25 106 246 85 342 876 109 429 635 112 286 925 16 60 88 18 82 188 8 74 100 52 222 798 317 1,171 4,743 68 229 389 23 106 432 17 172 449 30 75 S5S 24 78 356 22 80 196 8 61 237 286 1,448 4,978 14 168 402 43 118 291 10 113 147 68 259 529 42 89 110 62 177 347 135 679 1,508 19 116 96 31 89 226 1,359 4,648 13,128 24 133 366 29 84 317 35 217 867 15 59 62 24 81 372 7 70 287 73 263 1,294 34 109 372 1,307 7,625 22,603 57 613 1,392 5 65 371 86 562 2,498 42 174 776 26 97 394 13 64 191 9 208 17 131 556 123 568 i 1,427 48 228 1 877 10 93 259 22 100 341 39 170 357 23 145 310 126 693 2,335 96 408 820 97 374 788 $18,939 (X) 860 635 842 333 4,401 2,466 3,213 1,832 1,017 192 610 43, 393 2,767 967 1,709 104 288 22,642 1,869 4,702 1,667 749 3,684 4,013 4,356 3,018 1,505 75,604 2,597 623 1,S86 2,697 1,269 (X) 4,938 5,093 102, 799 17, 633 (X) 22,803 6,565 11,234 2,867 (X)- 6,006 26, 384 7,733 3,9].« 3,908 2,378 1,627 12,743 17,356 26,767 HORSEPOWER. Primary. Total. 33,472 3,911 2,901 2,635 2,363 3,076 9,494 7,447 7,095 1,629 3,627 2,216 2,241 61,565, 6,731 4,047 5,174 2,636 1,474 6,463 2,069 37, 133 4,958 4,411 9,639 2,365 20,703 21, 879 8,300 6,237 6,319 2,681 6,426 12,673 1,641 642 7,486 4,669 85,897 10,477 323 26,227 7,031 22,907 9,931 1,090 10,908 139,682 38, 371 6,058 6,046 2,682 2,544 10,839 74, 369 93,572 Steam engines and turbines, water wheels and motors. Inter- nal com- bus- tion Owned. 26,092 3,457 1,924 2,335 1,502 1,851 7,186 3,461 6,625 1,168 3,263 2,012 1,191 39,390 6,083 3,355 4,327 2,386 1,243 6,081 1,905 23,430 2,580 1,963 7,954 1,806 20, 399 20,609 4,102 2,880 3,612 65,686 6,553 1,922 4,490 11,419 967 456 3,886 4,107 48, 165 6,993 215 18,767 6,345 18,880 7,593 l,-052 9,640 132,636 25,889 4,983 4,051 2,050 621 6,600 65, 846 90,307 480 6 86 105 760 648 376 10 4 629 276 116 2 41 48 50 31 58 1,295 19 2,532 163 70 167 It) 8 272 9 1,466 71 4 645 484 54 43 11 161 850 59 60 40 73 981 Rented 6,900 448 891 195 861 464 1,660 3,610 984 461 264 200 421 11,900 633 690 101 181 361 106 12,408 1,498 2,418 1,649 640 247 1,368 4,132 3,357 1,688 31,661 1,392 689 1,768 1,264 664 79 3,328 543 34, 276 3,413 104 6,815 1,202 3,973 2,295 27 1,117 6,096 12,423 1,026 966 659 2,023 5,231 8,493 2,284 Electric, owned and rented. 19,533 1,033 1,659 1,617 2,044 1,189 4,589 4,339 1,728 739 254 658 681 25,736 1,607 1,574 1,196 452 349 359 153 15,729 2,823 2,418 1,656 693 7,742 3,578 5,204 4,397 2,140 61,950 2,193 704 3,521 1,680 1,442 79 3,704 3,267 53,676 4,338 284 16, 295 3,790 12,580 7,806 202 3,854 18,218 14,188 3,038 3,045 867 2,078 3,816 21,536 65,180 354 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH AVER- MANUFACTURE FOR EACH CLASS, AND HORSEPOWER REPORTED FOR ALL ESTAB- [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347.] Tal>le 183- Continued. Massachusetts — Continued Leominster . . . Lowell Lynn Maiden Marlborough.. Medford Melrose Methuen Milford Natick.., New Bedford., Newburyport . Newton North Adams . North Attle- borough, Northampton. Peabody Pittsfield Plymouth Ouincy Revere Salem Somerville Southbridge... Springfield Taunton Wakefield Waltham Wntertown Webster Westfield West Spring- field. Weyraonth Winchester Winthrop Woburn Worcester Micetigan: Adrian Alpena Ann Arbor Battle Creek . . Bay City Benton Harbor Detroit Escanaba runt Grand Rapids. Hancock Holland Ironwood Tshpeming Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing ManisteR Marquette Menominee Muskegon Owosso Pontiac NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS Y/ITH PRODUCT OF— Less S5,000 820,000 than to to S5,000 $20,000 SlOO, 000 16 21 22 82 100 59 75 146 102 22 35 22 8 21 7 24 14 11 6 9 7 8 8 6 21 19 9 7 11 12 57 79 45 8 14 16 16 21 13 20 20 16 13 18 31 17 28 19 9 23 21 24 27 17 14 7 9 37 69 62 14 9 3 .50 53 47 34 53 35 11 12 5 106 127 83 26 25 34 5 4 6 26 27 26 14 3 5 2 9 5 24 40 21 12 8 3 17 8 7 2 8 5 5 4 1 11 13 22 135 190 162 30 16 13 24 15 9 28 25 14 39 46 32 36 48 26 17 21 19 485 628 531 17 18 6 27 32 15 183 107 131 6 9 6 16 17 14 4 16 3 10 8 31 40 46 f)9 64 44 48 57 41 12 17 10 13 10 6 11 15 10 24 33 23 8 15 13 7 13 17 $100,000 and 106 12 7 5 4 3 10 8 52 16 8 14 12 11 24 16 7 11 119 9 6 8 18 32 5 392 WAGE EAENEES IN ESTAULISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — Less $5,000 $20,000 than to to $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 11 163 629 89 398 1,168 101 691 1,975 16 113 616 7 96 119 13 59 200 7 43 179 5 22 1,913 25 74 114 3 46 269 67 298 776 7 59 376 12 97 230 22 94 227 14 104 923 24 109 401 14 146 527 25 88 391 16 18 171 27 358 1,056 6 21 es 64 244 913 29 198 585 14 66 186 114 576 1,412 36 122 840 4 21 148 37 115 684 10 21 60 49 97 22 188 347 8 19 25 20 25 232 (X) S7 131 5 11 (X) 19 76 443 140 918 3,423 20 90 293 23 92 222 25 112 248 30 146 415 29 202 437 30 96 423 423 2,568 8,748 24 92 71 42 162 243 197 695 2,494 3 52 87 16 76 258 7 77 43^ 13 ee 48 160 847 75 307 720 65 259 594 25 74, 270 22 48 84 15 85 140 22 179 413 6 62 146 12 41 192 $100,000 and 4,126 28,249 22, 572 2,205 3, 600 287 733 (X) 1,536 1,029 32, 202 2,907 1,815 4,945 1,209 2.822 4,798 6,986 2,640 4,342 (x) 4.073 4,617 4,076 12, 138 6,373 1,835 6,629 4, 696 3,100 3,027 2,157 1,797 1,027 24, 971 853 1,157 457 4,008 3,103 736 87, 864 690 8,275 14,041 1,815 (X) fx) 3,845 4,423 6,323 1,484 435 1,748 4,032 1,017 2,164 VALUE OF PHODUCTa OF EaTABUSH- MENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — Less than $5,000 $6,000 to $20,000 Expressed in thousands. $32 219 185 68 18 65 16 16 63 16 166 25 46 47 36 49 27 66 41 81 30 123 93 36 256 73 16 73 33 60 24 42 (X) 16 36 333 58 49 68 91 82 46 1,205 41 78 464 16 44 14 24 97 156 12.-) 66 34 20 60 21 21 STATISTICS OF CITIES, 355 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE Oy PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY LISHMENTS IN EACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914— Continued. [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347.] II 1 HOr„SEPOWF,I . VALUE OF PEOT)- UCTS OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS WITH PKODITCT OF— VALtJE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOE ESTABLI.SHMENT.S WITH PKODUCT OF— Primary. steam Inter- engines nal J20,000 $100,000 Less $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 and turbines. water wheels and motors. com- Electric, to and than to to and bus- owned noo.ooo over. $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 over. Total. tion en- Rented. and rented. gines. Expi essed in thousai ids. Ovraed. $1,277 $9,228 $22 $170 $639 $4,597 6,408 4,822 107 1,479 2,220 1 2,535 52,350 136 522 1,261 21,026 83,817 78,872 106 4,839 35,107 2 4,841 63,173 125 886 2,415 27,662 22,747 15, 817 33. 6,897 23,624 i 952 6,998 37 187 524 4,369 3,547 2,837 4 706 1,826 4 292 9,466 12 128 131 3,245 2,332 1,460 ....... 872 894 s 499 1,918 28 94 257 386 1,495 982 497 641 6 371 2,029 11 51 217 886 1,582 1,412 6 166 235 7 i,SiO (X) 10 37 l.lfiS (X) 6,247 4,790 16 1,441 6,297 S 295 3,494 39 106 142 1,445 2,137 1,880 98 159 195 S 498 3,942 8 60 236 945 1,017 789 68 170 343 IC 1,843 62,754 89 421 901 26,590 112,161 109,774 691 1,686 26,967 11 740 7,336 15 66 365 3,064 4,412 3,894 . 18 600 1,198 15 711 4,820 31 163 367 2,130 5,676 5,247 38 291 2,452 IS 628 10,073 26 108 294 4,798 12,946 11,326 1,620 2,820 1^ 1,764 2,889 21 126 1,118 1,689 1,866 1,004 ■■■'is' 847 469 1. 942 7,296 34 157 564 3,948 7,531 5,077 704 1,750 3,051 1( 1,197 16,957 17 169 535 6,488 15,764 13,776 114 1,874 5,919 1" 702 21,195 43 138 409 12,622 15,989 14,264 347 1,378 32,963 If 422 13,378 27 29 221 3,505 9,229 6,767 1,222 1,240 1,845 1£ 2,267 8,998 53 511 1,478 4,967 10,153 8,066 496 1,691 7,601 2( «33 (X) 18 49 63 (X) 675 605 2 68 73 2 2,050 10,948 81 314 1,040 4,073 11,802 7,435 70 4,297 3,985 2i 1,709 41,601 63 302 838 6,271 9,707 4,964 175 4,568 4,961 2C • 304 6,906 22 59 207 3,790 8,995 8,367 130 498 3,099 •2A 3,386 39,420 182 820 1,921 19, 591 24,418 14,563 680 9,285 13,551 2. 1,702 13,856 53 - 147 9S1 6,599 20,997 18,122 167 2,708 4,634 2f 297 5,702 8 26 177 2,704 1,831 1,530 100 201 996 2' 1,256 8,632 51 164 805 5,402 7,926 6,556 22 1,349 6,423 2f 237 14, 469 21 16 90 7,943 4,377 3,064 25 1,288 1,923 % 171 8,972 42 98 2,111 6,130 5,066 1,074 2,472 3( 865 7,102 "Xx 226 457 4,262 4,046 3,323 723 2,118 3 70 4,869 15 38 47 2,530 12,131 11, 588 "vi 531 7,143 3! 407 7,732 25 39 209 2,920 2,649 2,022 45 581 1,631 3. 246 4,845 (X) SS 139 1,379 1,644 1,390 11 243 3,889 3' 865 11 25 102 (X) 459 197 3,880 156 2,994 34 28 7 868 7 1,006 3. 4,455 '"'i,'58i" 3f 7,819 72,576 202 1,186 4,071 31,576 71,984 43,023 1,556 27,405 36,489 3 744 4,473 38 97 398 1,126 2,840 1,803 42 995 1,404 3 384 3,517 35 81 217 1,371 11,537 10,365 85 1,087 5,632 3 690 1,576 21, 349 36 178 3S5 702 2,376 1,096 73 1,207 1,212 4( 1,374 1 324 61 265 767 13,997 17,049 8,834 39 8,176 14,842 4 9,285 47 223 626 3,821 15,911 12,927 35 2,949 6,910 4 '959 1,788 28 105 616 1,163 2,245 1,185 1,060 1,162 4 25,467 237 367,059 1,055 782 30 3,983 109 13,648 115 159,686 617 180,608 2,591 100,702 2,180 ■2,"652" 103 77,854 308 114,264 353 4- 4 613 52,343 41,650 47 206 325 18,464 10,576 1,913 67 8,606 9,069 4 5,969 286 809 60S 313 6 30 9 1,010 64 124 99 3,286 153 325 211 21,188 30,393 273 3,696 641 21,400 196 2,658 481 772 ■■■'27" 30 8,221 167 1,011 130 12,124 167 1,631 175 4 4 ""i'M-i (X) (X) ""2,'362' (X) 4 5( 13 iO (X) 230 110 ""m 120 6,061 120 7,428 5 ""•i,'m 2,009 1,773 526 234 401 1,161 5"0 14,111 17,364 24,422 3,380 1 039 61 223 ""\\m' 5,930 9,740 3,522 5 89 390 1,103 7,685 19,548 15,764 213 3,681 7,129 5 86 32 20 382 100 54 853 210 150 11,777 1,790 493 12, 614 7,548 2,166 3,780 7,043 932 246 304 2 8,589 201 1,222 8,904 863 1,222 5 5 6 4,402 9,581 2,757 16 90 153 2,085 6,901 6,161 22 1,718 2,609 5 38 204 482 6,107 12,499 6,640 9 6,850 7,313 5 15 88 218 1,297 4,266 3,477 1,264 15 30 774 1,817 1,428 1,997 5 0( 356 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUKES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH A^BUi MANUFACTURE FOE EACH CLASS, AND HORSEPOWER REPORTED. FOR ALL ESTAB^ [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347.) TaWe 186- Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABUSHMENTS "WITH PBODUCX OF— Less $5,000 $20,000 than to to $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 24 26 27 74 68 49 19 14 8 ■ 20 16 20 71 70 59 11 13 3 17 22 19 411 461 309 20 26 28 194 237 185 12 10 8 27 19 26 7 12 3 2 10 8 13 8 12 9 17 16 5 11 5 3 18 20 5 8 9 12 10 13 9 14 13 4 11 4 19 20 19 8 24 6 34 39 16 320 367 257 9 9 9 5 7 4 91 90 51 881 823 619 25 21 18 32 42 21 7 8 3 7 6 3 12 14 10 41 35 23 10 25 13 17 18 14 14 12 S 16 15 15 12 16 15 60 68 49 108 156 84 18 18 13 7 17 13 2 11 2 24 30 ■20 21 22 ii 7 10 20 i26 13 17 15 49 41 30 17 30 20 9 15 8 $100,000 and over. Michigan— Con. Port Huron . . . Saginaw SauItSte.Marie Traverse City . MllTOESOTA;! Duluth Hibbing Mankaio Minneapolis. . . St. Cloud St. Paul Stillwater Winona MiR.sissiPFi: Columbus Greenville Hattiesburg. . . Jackson Laurel Meridian Natchez Vicksburg MissouBi: 2 Cape Girar- deau. Columbia Hannibal .Tcflerson City . Joplin . Kansas City. . . Moberly St. Charles.... St. .Toseph St. Louis Sedalia Springfield Webb City.... Montana: Anaconda Billings Butte Great Falls.... Helena Missoula Nebra.ska; Grand Island. . Hastings I/in coin Omaha South Omaha. Nevada: Reno N. Hampshire: Berlin Concord Dover Keene Laconia Manchester Nashua Portsmouth 1 Does not include statistics for Virginia. 6 168 3 121 4 19 5 5 2 7 5 10 2 2 12 11 108 3 3 35 464 5 14 2 3 6 8 7 4 3 3 4 18 "WAGE EAENEES m ESTABUSHJIENTS "WITH PKODUCT OF— Less $5,000 $20,000 than to to $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 23 91 380 70 335 926 18 48 202 14 58 282 69 317 1,048 7 36 22 13 114 340 386 1,811 4,515 38 158 528 162 926 3,042 16 31 98 28 84 413 15 57 65 W 69 104 22 64 SOI 7 138 333 8 83 99 3 136 469 12 52 «3S 41 65 90S 9 71 198 2 65 35 31 113 319 10 103 65 25 136 251 269 1,417 3,831 9 42 1,560 7 35 1,641 79 381 793 753 3,225 11,436 33 79 151 42 223 342 10 34 9S 4 13 53 6 35 68 24 77 261 9 62 167 4 48 158 10 35 18 15 43 149 18 48 252 55 237 609 79 549 1,086 17 67 90 7 47 ^186 (X) 125 i (x) '. 25 164 : 562 ' 19 80 ! ' 127 ;v V 135 : 623 ':, ' 8 79 '536 " "S7 181 691 22 126 520 7 46 105 $100, 000 and over. 802 5,011 670 602 4,104 21, 683 705 15,363 476 1,545 384 508 (X) 485 1,939 1,366 (X) W 981 377 1,903 1,233 744 10, 735 (x1 (x) 3,661 69, 644 640 1,402 (X) 181 220 297 964 285 384 253 98 920 7,208 5,889 2,555 2,105 2,257 1,303 1,998 24,914 6,714 932 VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABUSH- MENTS "WITH PRODUCT OF — than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 Expressed in thousands. $68 190 47 52 176 32 41 1,070 49 470 36 73 21 (X) 37 14 10 43 21 78 839 25 15 209 2,255 • 62 74 16 18 32 98 26 38 41 35 30 165 18 (X) 58 44 24 121 42 29 $238 773 131 164 730 122 229 4,703 270 2,423 86 198 106 235 119 214 103 120 133 116 199 266 406 3,794 87 83 1,024 8,117 209 415 78 60 127 322 229 173 128 124 172 717 1,633 202 177 210 251 154 448 306 119 * Does not include statistics lor Independence. STATISTICS OF CITIES. 357 AGE NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY LiSHMENTS IN EACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914— Continued. [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347.] YALTJE OF PHOD- lVCTS OF ESTAB- USHMENTS ■WITH i PRODUCT OF— S20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 and over. SI, 208 2,390 465 907 2,914 100 967 13,227 1,061 8,247 389 1,403 130 339 991 737 222 925 78i i.m 497 113 899 257 770 11,228 S,025 4,898 2,191 30,005 151 289 974 583 652 188 594 2,212 3,697 604 681 «12 310 1,262 684 1,268 1,M1 254 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTUKE FOE ESTABLISHMENTS 'WITH PRODUCT OF— Less $5,000 $20,000 than to to 85,000 $20,000 $100,000 $100,000 and Expressed in thousands. $2,576 15,656 3,178 1,138 15,909 3,107 168,854 1,315 57,542 - 1,366 12,631 992 1,500 (X) 2,639 3,015 3,592 (X) (x) 3,232 1,032 5,074 7,544 4,696 45,092 (X) (X 13,644 320, 103 1»969 4,615 (X) 535 1,186 1,506 8,318 619 756 1,256 815 6,931 60,822 105, 163 1,695 12,842 5,4.S5 5,118 .2,381 3,631 48,962 21,432 3,522 $44 $137 $698 124 454 1,124 28 69 333 31 83 403 117 455 1,368 20 27 72 125 50 452 714 2,983 7,377 36 184 698 328 1,531 4,246 25 S3 251 45 96 651 14 62 67 (X) 67 183 23 56 SS9 12 139 400 10 67 166 4 122 487 6 55 «9 21 77 7i3 15 81 304 7 83 52 29 104 465 16 175 121 50 221 384 540 2,417 6,185 17 61 i,23t 10 49 i.ses 132 595 1,067 1,445 5,131 16, 907 43 119 354 48 248 540 10 47 161 10 27 95 16 77 165 67 189 511 16 140 307 23 99 337 25 88 71 20 66 281 15 89 302 114 460 1,132 185 961 1,973 33 113 237 11 89 357 (X) m 1 (X) . 41 171 i . 550 24 111 ; . 130 15 165 i 695 15 91 1 , . 393 83 238 1 .681 26 162 508 13 62 136 $1,084 6,651 1,039 647 6,271 523 45,581 489 26, 758 342 3,475 359 508 (X) 560 1,416 1,406 (X) (x) 1,132 HORSEPOWER. Primary. Total. 4,400 15,959 2,326 4,553 14,914 28 2,618 109,040 3,724 j 38,886 ! 1,012 6,438 2,449 2,688 2,964 4,862 7,115 5,538 1,158 1,757 1,068 3,530 1,826 3,774 35,706 1,366 1,869 9,109 169,982 1,778 4,646 619 770 1,397 1,226 16,445 691 684 1,618 959 5,249 20,679 16,469 1,556 77,411 7,122 8,503 4,865 2,949 63,481 23,364 2,009 Steam engines and turbines, water wheels _ and motors. Inter- nal com- bus- tion en- Owned. 2,640 11,887 692 3,709 9,392 2,094 86,518 1,783 23,441 592 4,209 2,281 2,559 2,072 4,296 6,450 3,560 932 1,410 1,643 2,800 932 1,117 18,517 1,105 1,844 5,247 127,655 1,433 3,534 162 615 213 11,223 242 78 1,125 577 2,689 12, 614 12,188 405 53,741 3,331 8,058 3,341 2,458 68,451 21,392 1,466 39 27 903 111 434 44 - 25 4 37 130 8 60 48 2 21 300 2,167 29 4 558 3,946 36 71 65 16 2 116 74 252 34 20 Rented, 1,820 4,019 1,610 844 5,483 28 497 21, 619 1,830 15,011 376 2,229 142 104 888 530 535 1,970 166 346 249 728 873 2,357 15,022 .~ 232 21 3,304 38,381 309 1,041 352 608 766 1,013 5,215 411 606 491 268 2,486 7,813 4,247 1,131 23,670 3,755 397 1,507 491 5,030 1,932 525 Electric, owned and rented. 1,388 5,431 1,535 1,116 6,169 29 607 49, 672 1,915 20,952 557 3,353 142 104 1,352 648 1,937 1,970 201 302 687 309 2,201 1,038 2,470 20, 791 1,017 2,615 3,845 85,517 500 1,858 382 608 936 1,014 5,220 411 646 616 322 2,836 13,884 7,536 1,131 24,057 4,066 4,158 1,383 1,761 35,411 7,478 752 358 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJRES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH AVSlR- MANUFACTUBE FOR BACH CLASS, AND HORSEPOWER REPORTED FOR ALL ESTAB- [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347. J TaDle 186— Continued. New Jeesey: i Asbury Park.. Atlantic City- . Bayonne Bloomfleld Bridgeton Camden ,. East Orange . . Elizabetli Englewood... Garfield Gloucester. .. Hackensack.. Harrison Hobokcn Irvington Jersey City... Kearny LongBrancli.. MiUville V Montclair Morristown . . New Bruns- wick. Newark Orange Passaic Patcrson Perth Amboy. Phillipsburg Plainfleld... Trenton Union West Hoboken West New York. New Mexico: Albuquerque.. New York: 2 Albany Amsterdam . Auburn Batavia Beacon Binghamton Buffalo Cohoes Coming Cortland Dunkirk Elmira Fulton Geneva Glens Falls.... Gloversville Hornell Hudson Ithaca Jamestown. Johnstown Kingston Little Falls. Lockport Middletown, NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT Or— Less than $5,000 11 37 23 17 20 88 18 64 U 10 8 13 7 54 24 176 20 9 22 17 6 34 629 23 49 156 33 11 22 113 22 55 17 174 25 40 18 9 67 803 21 21 17 28 49 14 16 22 61 16 18 26 42 22 29 7 41 23 85,000 to S20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 24 43 40 15 33 112 16 49 4 16 5 19 14 81 28 252 15 12 16 16 15 33 74 216 41 9 28 120 27 80 40 20 149 45 37 20 14 89 717 29 18 14 12 45 10 14 28 66 13 14 24 36 45 45 18 26 28 $100,000 and over. 15 198 8 10 6 7 9 26 550 12 39 202 24 101 23 26 7 11 46 392 32 12 18 16 33 14 11 20 57 7 11 20 43 38 28 10 30 16 1 7 35 14 12 63 8 37 1 9 5 3 17 56 7 144 8 2 6 2 1 20 161 30 12 9 75 7 6 15 62 24 20 12 7 43 313 24 7 10 6 18 13 11 12 37 10 6 4 41 21 16 14 20 10 WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS WITH FKODUCI OF— Less $5,000 $20,000 than to to $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 10 88 HU 38 181 368 19 174 433 17 42 242 36 239 683 92 582 1,591 12 99 175 51 162 1,024 14 26 51 12 121 110 2 16 44 14 79 131 9 65 312 86 473 1,359 27 132 323 261 1,289 3,369 22 64 192 6 35 169 30 136 78 11 83 g88 13 92 lis 48 191 658 773 3,843 10,888 26 104 258 58 351 1,292 ■ 244 1,515 5,004 47 147 580 30 22 169 24 122 248 169 690 1,729 49 129 304 72 641 992 27 227 523 15 74 758 154 593 1,738 36 207 592 44 162 452 14 66 151 10 69 299 77 417 965 646 3,306 6,928 16 129 825 18 72 243 14 48 377 27 41 250 60 215 663 14 43 300 19 60 196 15 173 520 61 246 1,357 23 40 294 9 36 238 29 153 323 53 1651 994 , 23 289 679 33 248 734 8 73 220 30 lis 607 19 118 337 $100,000 and (X) 331 9,524 2,876 1,621 20, 276 1,663 11, 633 (X) 5,626 1,883 542 7,028 7,372 439 26, 102 4,816 (X) 2,954 (X) (X) 5,551 47, 580 1,738 15, 441 24, 162 8,428 4,138 1,438 17,340 997 1,849 1,558 (X) 6*886 9,939 5,111 2,226 1,428 6,789 43,536 4,811 1,870 2,020 2,671 3,932 2,685 1,417 1,834 3,671 1,928 1,140 311 6,682 1,641 2,061 3,522 1,629 1,615 VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISH- MENTS WITH PRODUCT 0*— Less than $5,000 $5,-000 to $20,000 Expressed in thousands. $29 89 54 42 54 204 38 137 39 23 146 56 500 63 30 54 39 16 110 1,642 57 123 436 89 29 53 344 57 139 43 46 433 62 100 31 24 171 ,899 43 48 39 64 115 39 42 59 121 46 43 75 104 49 69 17 97 $243 458 378 172 353 1,143 146 485 42 253 52 197 136 819 288 2,672 170 154 145 179 196 356 7,S85 273 786 2,251 426 85 271 1,228 282 004 432 1,623 470 379 210 146 903 7,262 307 161 156 104 493 91 127 282 643 126 137 - 247 368 436 602 188 286 327 I • Does not include statistics lor West Orange. * Does not include statistics for Lackawanna. STATISTICS OF CITIES. 859 AGE NITMBEE OF WAGE EAENERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY LISHMENTS IN EACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914— Contlimed. [See note at head of this table, pp. 34G and 347.) TAIUE OF PBOD- OCTa OF E3TAB- USHMENTS WITH PBODUCT OF— 120,000 to S100,000 $100,000 and over. 822 907 636 867 3,843 360 1,980 uo 206 239 348 751 3,100 627 8,538 401 871 175 l,m i7S 1.154 24,733 516 1,840 9,761 1,228 415 879 3.615 752 i,880 1,140 4,110 977 1,118 348 417 2,103 17,386 1,692 560 794 776 1,520 776 603 949 2,507 339 636 985 2,266 1,493 1,377 - 591 1,373 612 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTUEE FOE ESTABUSHMENTS "Wim PKOUUCl OF— Less than $6,000 $6, 000 ' to $20,000 $20, OOO to $100,000 $100,000 and over. Expressed in thousands. (X) $1,602 96 , 895 7,508 3,662 66,634 4,863 28,626 (X) 15,628 4,408 1,679 17,0.51 19,397 6,379 152, 818 14,786 (X) , 4,270 13, 194 176,341 3,712 60.519 65,981 147, 217 10,800 3,806 49, 735 3.374 3.678 12,346 (X) 19,055 20,960 15.089 4,751 2,934 15,183 220,969 9,665 3; 195 S,44» 7,423 10,469 8,676 4,569 6,245 10, 113 4,337 3,022 937 15,223 4,811 4,497 9,131 7,199 3,456 $20 65 33 21 36 123 26 85 26 18 7 21 17 99 32 354 39 20 34 24 12 66 1,128 39 73 285 57 16 37 232 37 81 29 299 30 62 19 14 113 ,246 24 30 23 39 74 17 25 36 78 25 22 55 69 25 40 11- $139 266 221 61 178 647 91 236 28 134 27 116 84 476 147 1,576 82 100 85 102 121 200 4,841 141 423 1,280 229 44 149 672 147 554 251 118 247 200 121 93 494 4,253 164 77 78 58 263 49 72 143 311 63' 60 153 234 236 253 103 148 144 $S75 (x> 430 $808 378 19,893 363 4,-563 485 1,784 1,941 33,019 192 2,709 1,106 13,496 lee (X) 89 4,507 66 1,398 218 846 459 10,043 1,620 10,661 354 894 4,333 46,483 226 6,319 ise (X) 76 2,594 SIS (X) 184 (x) 704 7,278 13.3.81 307 1,086 4,537 670 184 433 1,802 429 1,093 604 2,212 659 626 226 220 1,011 9,243 830 275 425 351 760 372 245 523 1,260 182 278 621 1.231 698 655 203 630 352 IIOESKPf)WER. 77,813 2,132 20,746 31,697 12,359 6,509 1,629 22, 173 1,762 2,043 2,972 (X) 10,364 8,490 6,008 2,551 1,451 6.358 74.778 4,118 2,039 2,353 3,855 6,623 3,194 1,614 2,293 3,870 2,318 1,152 «62 7,631 1.989 2,557 3,457 2,262 1,344 Primary. Total. 670 2,521 33,323 8,353 2,918 39,670 3,379 25,620 296 8,574 3,068 1,343 15,931 14,429 2.700 49,086 10,409 1,079 3,420 1,132 873 9,619 100,466 2,906 31,701 34,017 48,968 9,795 4,064 36,219 2,998 2,299 2,455 1,871 16,420 16,278 15,033 6,006 3,797 8, 1.68 152,338 18,495 2,521 9,226 7.250 9,725 24,690 2,947 19,727 4,790 3,680 1,839 3,262 13,284 3,107 4,727 8,442 16,382 3,384 Steam engines and turbines, water wheels and motors. Inter- nal com- bus- tion en- gines. Rented 145 1,568 29,747 5,788 2,072 32,296 1,431 22,660 150 6,747 1,940 1,206 14,808 10,410 1,465 37.995 9,916 342 3,155 1,000 556 8,006 72, 879 2,613 28,694- 24.175 46,650 9-, 103 2,805 30,968 2.567 1,294 1,317 1,367 10,267 7,074 12,700 3,364 3,425 5,0.55 71,178 16,677 1,657 7,201 5,653 5,555 23,626 1,820 17,555 3,030 2,961 1,252 2,891 9,363 2.565 3,827 7.028 7,706 2,360 27 163 1,694 311 66 2,161 164 743 80 1,137 18 23 120 326 619 2,639 108 621 172 79 64 269 3,895 64 419 640 1.118 50 767 2,234 7 21 634 36 950 15 159 972 36 362 8,467 17 87 1,316 532 87 167 234 166 30 1,118 56 55 50 10 287 790 1,882 2,2.64 780 5,223 1,784 2,217 66 690 1,110 115 1,003 •3,693 726 8,452 386 116 93 63 264 1,344 23.692 239 2,588 9,202 1,200 642 492 3,017 424 984 504 468 6,213 9.189 2,174 670 337 2,741 69,693 1,901 777 710 1,065 4,083 1,165 970 2,172 1,760 485 431 341 803 486 845 1,364 8,666 737 Electric, owned and rented. 613 944 17,368 3,722 1,709 24.570 4,445 18,630 66 3,360 1,624 428 11,806 6,737 945 22,131 8,411 168 988 682 269 5,315 44,510 565 14,448 10,839 14,726 6,496 3,711 15,652 826 1,244 858 869 12,200 10, 182 6,387 3,091 1,177 3,828 91,088 5,907 1,222 2,965 14,768 5,. 511 4,336 1,288 3,592 1,856 2,156 602 1,196 6.694 632 1,487 2,356 8,628 2,748 360 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTEES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH AVER- MANUFACTURE FOR EACH CLASS, AND HORSEPOWER REPORTED FOR ALL ESTAB- (See note at head ot this table, pp. 346 and 347.] TaDle 186— VALUE OF Continued. NUMBER OP ESTABLISHMENTS IN WAGE EARNERS 1 ESTABLISHMENTS WITH 1 PEODtJCTS OF ESTABLISH- WITH PRODUCT OF — PRODUOT OF— MENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — CiTT. Less $5,000 Less than $6,000 to S20,000 to $100,000 and Less than $5,000 to $20,000 to $100,000 and than $5,000 to $20,000 S5,000 $20,000 $100,000 over. $6,000 $20,000 $100,000 over. Expressed in thousands. New York— Continued. 1 Mount Vemon 57 48 20 8 52 232 421 641 $134 $502 2 Newburgh 35 51 22 20 37 198 450 3,633 71 494 3 New Rochelle. 23 23 10 5 ■ 16 96 182 576 52 218 4 New York City 7,302 10,235 8,096 3,988 9,736 57,616 135,071 382,856 18,738 108,156 5 Niagara Falls. 36 39 34 48 36 148 506 8,700 82 388 6 North Tona- wanda. 23 17 9 25 29 65 163 3,327 53 168 7 Ogdensburg... Olean 16 28 21 6 20 96 367 415 44 255 8 11 11 12 13 14 8 16 4 9 10 73 99 276 137 2,275 1,091 26 25 133 126 9 Oneonta 10 Ossining 9 16 4 3 11 115 61 186 20 171 11 Oswego PeeksMll....... 17 19 17 23 23 104 299 3,905 41 231 12 11 26 8 8 9 98 145 1,529 26 252 13 Plattsburg 10 14 11 4 13 56 302 451 31 131 14 Port Chester.. 16 21 7 6 14 71 94 2,099 44 214 15 Poughkeepsie. 50 64 41 21 56 274 . 857 3,542 100 594 16 Rensselaer 15 10 3 4 9 88 24 690 31 113 17 Rochester 372 421 269 182 407 2,732 6,099 34,875 936 4,474 18 Rome 35 18 21 16 22 14 17 3 55 18 72 55 422 798 3,388 (X) 82 44 188 189 19 Saratoga Springs. Schenectady . . 20 82 64 26 13 71 197 337 17,102 190 629 21 Syracuse 277 220 155 90 328 1,019 2,818 13,386 625 2,310 22 Troy 120 80 21 118 101 31 75 74 18 51 61 21 104 87 15 513 406 110 1,360 1,415 442 15, 444 10,806 2,581 247 210 49 1,247 974 309 23 Utica 24 Watertown — 25 Watervliet.... 14 13 10 3 9 56 281 413 31 117 26 White Plams.. 13 19 9 3 8 85 114 109 31 192 27 Yonkers NoETH Caro- lina: 84 68 27 17 61 210 338 12,041 170 597 28 Asheville 11 13 16 5 13 88 230 620 25 142 29 Charlotte 13 28 39 27 18 148 753 2,880 28 338 30 Durham 16 25 11 10 19 106 172 4,467 35 266 31 Greensboro 17 24 20 9 25 163 393 648 48 260 32 High Pomt.... 18 23 22 19 34 149 641 2,758 56 241 33 New Bern 8 7 7 7 17 110 126 595 25 94 34 Raleigh 9 27 15 8 5 141 262 643 22 329 36 Rocky Mount. 2 8 5 5 (X) es 159 1,230 W 111 36 Wilmington... 11 24 25 11 25 167 436 1,093 26 271 37 Winston-Salem North Dakota; 14 13 30 16 10 61 643 8,920 43 143 38 Fargo 23 21 22 10 15 82 322 271 55 215 39 Grand Forks. . Ohio: 9 9 10 4 14 38 156 135 26 98 40 Akron 86 92 69 58 84 318 1,304 22,974 218 881 41 Alliance 14 17 14 7 U 82 263 1,977 35 164 42 Ashtabula 15 22 11 9 28 97 , 250 1,493 36 196 43 Barberton 8 14 4 8 9 47 21 3,041 18 155 44 Bellah-e 11 16 S 8 13 83 ■ 83 2,424 27 133 45 Cambridge 10 14 10 6 10 66 1,S79 (X) 26 145 46 Canton 69 91 66 60 « 99 446 980 10,730 189 1,072 47 Chilicothe 10 13 16 7 r 15 64 292 1,196 29 131 48 Cincinnati 569 585 551 430 (i.'674 3,211 10,506 45,470 1,351 6,144 49 Cleveland 634 661 S63 487 n 673 3,022 9,523 90,099' 1,559 6,999 60 Columbus 193 186 164 100 '"193 805- 3,070 13, 168 501 1,972 51 Coshocton 12 15 13 7 " 10 84 ' 266 1,254 28 177 62 Dayton...:... 146 143 129 105 164 679 2,015 21,203 366 1,525 63 East Liverpool 17 22 20 21 16 96 430 4,288 33 230 54 Elyria ■... 17 17 14 IS 19 82 257 2,377 1,317 48 : 192 55 Findlay. . : 27 23 17 11 23 123 274 «3 m 56 Fostona... 15 9 14 9 10 35 268 939 31 90 67 Fremont 14 24 17 10 17 136 208 1,702 35 271 STATISTICS OF CITIES. 361 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNEBS, VALUE OP PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY LISHMENTS IN BACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914— Continued. (See note at head of this tabie, pp. 346 and 347.] HORSEPOWER. VALUE OF PROD- VUT3 OF ESTAD- U3HMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOR ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— Primary. Steam Inter- engines and turbines, water wheels and nal Electric, 820,000 $100,000 Less $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 com- owned to and than to to and bus- and $100,000 over. $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 over. Total. tion en- ■ Rented. rented. motors. gines. Expi essedir thousar Ids. Owned. S955 $1, 576 $89 $292 $524 $978 1,777 865 399 513 1,182 1 990 8,432 44 273 523 3,873 6,954 4.276 17 2,662 4,103 2 415 1,051 37 132 196 518 781 221 148 412 412 3 367,361 1,798,577 13,379 67,726 197,730 784,842 550,962 334,164 23,779 193,029 290,229 4 1,376 42,971 54 223 742 18,373 139,085 9.818 27 129,240 117,106 5 367 9,452 31 94 170 3,660 11, 784. 7,866 13 3,905 4,526 6 873 2,229 28 122 468 680 2,734 1,811 82 841 828 7 643 10,775 19 81 383 1,039 6,470 4,039 1.337 1,094 3,286 8 367 1,855 15 70 225 824 2,107 1.825 13 269 898 9 136 793 13 104 83 496 760 379 43 338 298 10 853 11,. 525 26 146 400 4,022 10,050 8.303 31 1,716 4,240 11 318 7,705 17 121 158 4,962 6,233 •6,730 3 500 2,028 12 462 1.260 14 68 255 464 5,207 4,381 196 631 993 13 243 6,240 30 110 128 2,108 3,144 804 29 2,311 2,661 14 1,918 10, 179 51 324 1,073 5,228 6,633 4,227 106 2,301 4,766 15 165 2,446 19 76 60 1,187 1.227 803 53 371 781 16 12,283 123,004 609 2,862 7,089 71,607 67,565 36,541 530 20,494 37,248 17 1,021 15,439 47 90 436 3,694 12,933 9,290 167 3,476 6,814 18 B,6eo (X) 24 85 1,368 (X) 1,422 810 26 586 675 19 1,242 46,702 114 301 469 25,368 61,584 34,6.56 20 27,008 56,356 20 7,425 41,804 428 1,366 3,728 22, 891 26, 109 16,268 246 10,605 14,173 21 3,109 35,327 166 709 1,709 19,728 19.483 16,759 305 2,419 5,568 22 3,509 25,797 141 526 1,567 11,403 25,044 19,103 138 6,803 12,076 23 976 7,950 28 157 580 3,410 13,458 11, 299 114 2,045 4,452 24 655 909 17 70 257 463 973 735 8 230 231 25 332 435 23 126 224 259 472 182 24 266 278 26 1,107 65i349 108 320 600 14,087 20,329 17,267 216 2,846 5,377 27 693 2,289 16 77 391 527 2,576 1,375 6 1,194 1,497 28 1,799 8,797 15 208 910 2,347 16,990 9,091 46 7,853 8,287 29 444 26,852 21 134 217 14,722 8,465 6,130 16 2,319 3,183 30 914 2,242 37 158 448 715 2,271 1,110 157 1,004 1,041 31 1,133 4,502 32 128 541 2,086 5,240 4,166 1,074 1,925 32 318 1,473 16 61 125 503 2,560 2,331 ""m 169 384 33 637 1,928 11 200 403 682 3,093 944 33 2,116 2,155 ^i 227 2,406 (X) 67 128 845 2,114 1,980 66 78 1,348 35 1,321 3,408 -18 135 631 1,057 5,468 4, 499 67 902 1,056 3e 1,430 35,672 27 86 678 20,284 8,263 5,776 30 2,448 5,833 37 1,064 1,672 42 132 510 681 1,276 275 16 984 988 3S 498 1,194 18 55 262 488 913 499 414 371 3£ 3,090 118, 103 137 508 1,724 63,861 66,942 51,817 3,040 11,085 60, 449 4C 702 6,274 20 101 350 3,048 4,678 3,701 327 660 5,794 4] 599 4,190 19 100 238 1,839 7,327 6,394 1,140 793 5,013 4; 207 8,463 12 82 48 4,596 7,211 , 6,668 290 353 4,296 4C 192 11,818 16 75 ; 96 2,705 14,390 12,902 1,003 485 3,227 M 3,763 (x) 14 76 t,m W 5,742 5,282 208 252 1,151 4c 2,538 39,914 130 612 1,534 19, 629 43, 071 25,139 936 16,997 18,933 4f 632 3,291 .15 77 347 1,073 4,765 4,127 614 124 624 4' 26,294 177,071 933 4,015 ■: 13,950 77,866 108,689 . 73,700 8,547 24, 442 51,908 4i 27,593 816,267 :1,045 4,346 ■ 14,624 133,910 277,066 ,180,417 31,246 65,403 134,918 4' 7,825 662 47,310 325 1,185 ; 4,-3o8 21,104 35,522 '! 18,813 6,770 9,939 19,406 .5( 2,610 15 104 286 1,268 3,501 2,302 508 691 861 51 5,725 910 63, 455 230 927 , 2,835 34, 126 61, 809 22, 921 2,563 26,325 33, 177 5; 5,920 7,958 20 126 460 3,645 6,051 4,120 748 1,183 1,461 5; 594 30 123 308 3,314 10,814 6,690 2,156 1,968 5,617 6 857 3,512 5,406 41 134 398 1,299 3,561 1,869 988 ■ 704 911 5. 598 19 ■47 317 1,373 3,563 1,729 1,649 185 1,229 6 1 ■"' 1,436 754 1,474 1,917 5' 362 CENSUS OF MANUFACrUE.ES: 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OP PRODUCTS, WITH AVER- MANUFACTURE FOR EACH CLASS, AND HORSEPOWER REPORTED FOR ALL ESTAB- [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347.] Tatole 186— Continued. Ohio — Contd. Hamilton... Ironton Lancaster.. Lima Lorain Mansfield . . Marietta Marion Massillon Middletown, Mount Vernon Newark Norwood Piqua Portsmouth. Sandusky. . . Springfield Steubenville . . Tiffin Toledo Warren .... Youngstown . . Zanesville. . All other citiesi Oklahoma: Chiokasha.. Enid Guthrie McAlester. . Muskogee . . _ Oklahoma City Sapulpa Shawnee Tulsa Oregon: Astoria Eugene Medford Portland Salem Pennsylvanly: Allentown Altoona Beaver Falls . . Bethlehem Braddook Bradford Bristol Butler Carbondale Carlisle Carnegie Chambersburg Charleroi Chester Columbia Coimellsville . . Dubois Dunmore Easton Erie Franklin. ..... NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— Less SS,000 $30,000 than to to K, 000 $20, 000 $100, 000 11 14 12 17 30 67 12 17 31 14 H 7 255 35 113 6 34 16 16 24 17 30 29 13 19 13 12 25 16 27 27 20 70 20 30 206 24 69 24 12 11 20 13 10 30 61 12 22 37 16 14 8 305 18 91 22 21 10 17 21 13 15 6 31 9 42 20 18 12 9 39 102 ! 11 $100,000 and 25 30 17 12 12 9 31) 15 16 7 21 24 19 9 TH 7 IH 14 16 15 4 3 22 13 10 21 16 19 19 10 43 18 47 60 12 11 17 12 169 129 20 15 38 44 31 12 4 4 4 3 7 4 2 3 5 1 13 7 44 23 5 1 3 4 22 13 14 13 1(1 2 3 1X9 88 17 10 66 57 16 10 12 12 7 9 12 4 .24 6 V 6 12 11 8 6 10 8 6 3 8 10 i> 6 27 39 12 10 14 4 10 5. 4 3 28 16 88 60 18 10 WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— Less than $5, 000 $5,000 to $20,000 26 22 24 28 21 42 24 26 38 31 6 18 15 16 14 25 82 17 17 196 36 46 34 12 10 11 174 17 97 22 10 16 6 13 11 28 38 14 5 17 20 52 33 3 10 7 36 138 176 78 66 91 48 117 153 48 99 52 61 97 55 123 108 68 300 81 144 816 74 242 92 44 41 92 se 42 114 222 51 74 IJi 42 46 18 501 97 84 66 66 61 31 104 63 129 25 158 21 217 118 104 68 67 185 485 . 30 $20,000 to $100, 000 $100,000 and over. 671 367 185 586 245 288 416 279 211 390 148 222 479 888 681 128 343 3,092 251 708 930 38 41 42 (X) 109 122 554 S6i 44 162 133 m 30 2,509 177 1,644 330 263 244 213 641 78 178 175 297 85 136 66 611 326 293 128 140 603 1,804 289 5,270 953 1,308 4,171 6,122 2,951 808 2,224 1,420 3,712 636 4,078 6,590 2,416 2,996 1,746 6,805 4,280 1,673 22, 972 2,501 14,865 1,979 1,815 139 84 (X) 555 1,405 (X) 714 506 985 (X) VALUE OP PRODUCTS OF ESTABUSH- MENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— 7,604 480 11,443 10, 283 2,282 1,170 855 563 1,689 2,993 1,621 1,163 222 1,339 1,797 6,415 1,664 687 899 744 3,338 8,589 1,154 Less than $5,000 Expressed in thoosands. $84 37 39 59 61 70 35 75 61 51 16 60 32 38 36 56 195 43 47 614 65 124 79 16 32 48 65 155 33 37 65 41 35 23 658 67 202 55 31 33 17 46 28 60 50 35 9 28 35 105 49 21 21 24 86 281 15 1 All other cities include: East Cleveland and Lakewood. STATISTICS or CITIES. 363 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EAENERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY LISHMENTS IN EACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914— Continued. [See note at head of this table, pp. 34G and 3i7.\ VALUE OF PROD- UCTS OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS WITH PKODUCT OF — 420,000 to $100,000 $100,000 and over. $1,137 712 514 1,393 687 1,080 878 913 560 733 202 971 364 727 9P6 2,157 2,264 437 800 7,583 760 1,874 1,679 130 164 224 W 417 537 1,867 426 87 839 493 617 101 8,888 693 3,200 723 517 430 651 1,17S 241 499 464 468 297 311 250 1,341 604 680 364 163 1,104 3,987 732 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOR ESTABLISHMENTS "WITH PRODUCT OF — Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 and over. Expressed in thousands. $15,242 3,774 3,891 9,897 2«,296 8,852 2,902 5,273 4,471 20, 880 1,944 8,019 Ifi, 171 6,953 6, 383 6,871 24,558 16,234 3,852 104,761 9,344 89,441 6,312 3,601 1,411 2,141 615 (X) 1,851 18,087 (X) 2,237 2,643 3,894 (X) 42, 877 1,911 29,615 21,586 7,185 3,205 3,165 2,608 4,687 14, 180 2,492 2,732 1,360 2,444 2,531 19, 136 2,571 1,049 1,870 973 8,763 24,095 9,761 $49 $238 $667 19 87 368 23 103 236 30 158 759 29 79 306 40 168 432 20 166 463 47 66 480 42 131 223 28 71 333 10 75 63 31 141 465 17 101 206 25 154 311 19 132 ' 543 35 136 1,306 132 443 1,130 25 144 197 34 187 460 339 1,304 4,135 36 121 349 83 381 1,004 41 126 959 11 65 94 13 51 86 18 127 114 17 1£S (X) 28 60 187 41 191 281 109 411 877 24 80 me 21 98 72 44 240 374 27 87 232 20 94 «9 12 30 75 462 2,162 4,527 30 94 300 123 486 1,569 32 112 385 18 132 300 21 63 236 12 112 298 24 102 630 16 36 102 43 157 244 31 90 165 18 109 249 2 32 144 16 164 153 21 43 105 68 255 670 30 107 246 11 161 359 12 81 160 16 69 110 59 190 597 176 676 1,902 9 49 299 $6,908 898 954 4,282 10, 767 4,870 1,097 3,230 2,178 10, 775 679 5,066 9, 1S3 2.945 2,909 2,749 12,313 6,161 1,923 38,717 3,540 21,566 1,928 1,981 304 151 (X) 669 3,097 (X) 599 1,040 1,592 (X) 14,647 785 11,035 8,311 3,291 1,205 949 661 747 3,557 1,353 966 6*4 1,195 1,468 6,927 1,103 684 897 597, 4,840 10,699 4,642 IKiESEPOWER. Primar.v. Total. 16, 767 15, 147 2,874 7,518 211,182 6,637 3,117 5,575- 6, 544 35,328 2,997 8,071 9 865 5,721 5,099 7,415 13,113 36, 731 4,464 53,369 5,749 196,666 7,064 3,366 1,633 1.715 1,211 1,111 2,220 9,172 670 2,059 3,030 8,090 1,061 441 36, 188 3,185 22, 219 7,682 7,327 2,485 8,266 3,957 4,487 13, 875 2,198 2,375 1,342 3,741 4,025 19, 160 4,146 3,205 3,130 1, 731 7,272 26,852 7,031 Steam engines and turbines, water . wheels and motors. Inter- nal com- bus- tion en- Owned. 13, 794 13,871 675 4,520 207,377 3,765 2,065 4,635 3,600 33, 592 2.233 3,96S 8,770 "3,345 3 3?5 4,229 6,157 34, 450 1,669 30,397 3,381 156, 730 5,688 1,393 1,315 1,247 970 964 1,162 6,781 679 1,243 1,546 6,315 459 25 18,572 1,940 17, 734 6,735 5,364 2,048 6,750 744 4,320 9,574 1,336 1,082 1,145 3,287 2,894 14, 793 3,644 2,250 2,352 1,080 4,063 '18, 557 4,626 791 7S4 1,744 624 474 1,123 743 344 631 356 666 2,970 493 643 915 70'.) 3, 812 1,094 682 3,160 65 27, 198 332 339 62 102 5 16 79 314 13 10 327 40 53 245 95 28 589 210 679 2,859 55 2,064 18 90 112 393 84 2 5 712 Rented, 119 2,006 1,991 2,182 492 455 2,474 3,331 1,744 309 596 1,313 1,380 98 1,133 602 1,7'3 799 2,477 3,114 587 2,113 19,812 2,303 12, 737 1,044 1,634 236 366 236 131 979 2,077 78 806 1,137 1,705 602 376 17,563 1,000 4,390 919 1,374 227 937 354 112 2,247 860 1,275 107 342 738 4,283 600 950 66 651 3,090 6,289 414 Electric, owned and rented. 8,998 1,163 845 6,357 43,716 2,745 338 6,651 3,691 14,291 1,349 6,438 14, 935 2,903 1 807 3,383 8,644 17,049 2,630 32,780 4,171 74,302 5,333 3,317 296 491 256 131 899 4,098 78 810 ,1,287 1,705 562 376 18,602 1,017 6,192 9,955 3,136 387 1,622 734 208 8,822 1,385 2,242 818 1,800 1,452 8,944 651 1,321 1,681 1,354 4,163 18,109 2,445 364 CENSUS OP MANUFACrUEES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PKODUCTS, WITH AVEE- MANUFACTURE FOE EACH CLASS, AND HORSEPOWER REPORTED FOR ALL ESTAB- [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347.] Tatole 186— YALUB OF Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — IN WAGE EARNERS ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — products of estAblish- MENtS "WITH PRODUCT OF— CITY. Leaa than $5,000 $5,000 Less «5,000 $20,000 $100,000 Less $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 to $20,000 than to to and : than to to and $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 over. $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 over. Expressed in thousands. Pennsylvania— Continued. 1 Greater Punx- sutawney. 8 12 6 8 11 51 121 527 $26 $117 2 Greensburg... 12 24 15 2 10 76 JfiS (x) 27 210 3 Harrisburg 75 68 43 33 67 333 886 0,680 193 728 4 Hazleton. ..... 24 27 14 11 18 144 310 2,272 58 280 5 Homestead 7 11 8 4 5 37 107 111 25 110 6 Johnstown 34 52 32 18 39 248 769 11,121 84 614 7 Lancaster 111 101 67 36 117 597 1,332 6,816 258 1,008 8 Latrobe 9 6 6 4 9 33 64 464 25 65 9 Lebanon 26 27 26 18 28 135 694 4,413 72 267 10 McKeesport. . . McKeesEooks 21 28 12 12 37 120 177 6,523 64 324 11 11 12 6 11 15 53 127 3,363 32 126 12 Mahanoy City. Meadville 10 15 7 1 15 107 BS9 (X) 23 151 13 20 12 17 8 27 48 263 1,348 55 no 14 Mount Carmel. 9 12 5 4 5 40 307 626 16 111 15 Nanticoke 17 12 4 2 14 70 ees Cx) 46 131 16 New Castle.... 29 28 20 18 32 111 425 5,813 69 300 17 Norristown . . . 30 27 25 23 32 110 630 3,187 69 ■278 18 Oil City 7 16 7 6 8 74 77 2,117 - 34 174 19 Philadelphia.. 2,652 2, 553 1,968 1,291 2,880 12,716 39,475 196, 215 6,397 25,808 20 Phoenixvillo . . 9 12 6 7 9 28 60 2,830 16 115 21 Pittsburgh 487 547 431 276 524 2,328 7,345 59,423 1,227 5,710 22 Pittston 11 14 9 5 12 62 157 498 32 138 23 Plymouth 6 3 7 1 9 10 m (x) 19 35 24 Pottstown 20 24 22 11 14 122 572 1,914 37 264 25 Pottsville 42 37 26 10 36 231 519 2,720 94 397 26 Reading 146 129 124 87 185 668 3,921 19,357 340 1,298 27 Scranton 83 98 67 60 98 472 1,671 10,318 218 967 28 Shamokin 18 15 13 5 15 78 272 2,269 49 161 29 Sharon 13 18 11 6 12 58 228 2,000 34 165 30 Shenandoah... 20 15 8 3 30 60 261 124 66 128 31 S. Bethlehem. 17 10 6 10 10 49 151 10,682 43 97 32 Sunbury 21 12 6 5 22 77 61 1,658 41 157 33 Tamaqua 23 13 5 5 21 66 144 743 58 127 34 Taylor 1 13 5 11 (X) 53 SSS 189 ^^41 3S Uniontown — ....... 8' ...... h\Y 36' 36 Warren.,: 19 17 18 18 19 73 371 1,413 60 188 37 Washington... 23 17 17 7 19 49 352 1,682 66 149 38 Westchester.. 23 16 12 4 20 101 160 623 57 173 39 Wilkes-Barre . 46 76 41 26 57 368 808 6,884 124 760 40 Wilkinsburg 8 12 9 9 62 133 24 132 41 Williarasport . 43 63 34 36' 38 304 790 ""4," 883' 87 575 42 York 72 70 60 45 87 474 1,564 8,726 21,994 164 736 43 All other cit- ies.^ 31 39 27 30 23 131 '700 76 413 Rhode Island: 44 Central Falls.. 8 9 13 15. 9 96 243 2,730 22 123 45 Cranston 11 8 7 13; 14 29 76 2,099 21 69 46 Cumberland . . 8 4 5 7 9 19 162 4,486 18 66 47 E.Providence. 13 15 3 7 12 51 105 1,738 28 146 48 Lincoln 3 4 2 6 2 « (X) 2,556 4 «o. 49 Newport 28 40 18 3 35 164 208 486 72 ,367 SO Pawtucket 47 78 63 67 ; 56 378 1,171 15,108 122 797 51 Providence.... 391 348 281 18^1 *;; 515 1,893 ,6,367 35,401 969 3,666 62 Warwick 15 13 :i 9 21 1 ' 8 .67 i 167 ■ 6,207 36 '131 63 Woonsocket... 45 47 33 32j 50 208 : 729 9,965 106 462 South Cako- il lina; 1 54 Anderson 2 14 9 3' ^^7 75 275 796 (X) . 166 55 Charleston 36 35 31 18 173 668 1,839 85 .361 66 Columbia 20 21 17 13 34 151 271 1,772 •.. 60 279 1 J All other cities include: Coatesville, Dickson City, Duquesne, Farrell, Monessen, North Braddock, Old Forge, and Steelton. STATISTICS OF CITIES. 365 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EABNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS^ AND VALUE ADDED BY LISHMENTS IN EACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914— Contmued. [See note at head ol this table, pp. 346 and 347.) HORSEPOWER. VALUE OP PROD- UCTS OF ESTAB- USHMENTS ■WITH PKODUCT OF— VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOB ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— Erimary. Steam inter- i engines and turbines, .water wheels and nal Electric, $20,000 $100,000 Less $.'■>, 000 $20,000 $100,000 ooTn- owned to and than to to and , bus- and 8100,000 over. $5,O00 $20,000 $100,000 over. Total. tion en- Rented. rented. motors. gines. Exp ressedii thousands. Owned. $295 $1,791 $16 $64 $149 $570 4,389 3,741 162 486 605 1 t,US (X) 19 129 698 (X) 1,043 430 101 512 652 2 1,922 16,029 109 401 789 6,968 24,216 18,155 90 5,971 8,672 3 567 4,689 31 147 326 1,819 3,334 1,732 1,602 1,874 4 267 617 17 60 139 344 1,276 793 ""348" 136 207 5 1,770 48,506 55 338 828 15,312 116,466 109,602 2,124 4,840 63, 486 6 2,704 16,041 162 590 1,390 6,730 14,555 6,694 36 7,825 7,886 7 169 1,954 16 37 77 1,157 9,574 9,144 12 418 4,236 8 1,223 8,309 50 157 644 3,911 22,201 20,108 1,003 1,090 7,700 9 594 32,761 46 162 354 12,264 55, 699 48,754 3,344 3,501 37,443 10 279 7,457 18 76 147 3,698 11, 534 10,060 761 -723 7,553 11 m (X) 14 91 5S9 (X) 833 595 238 305 12 727 4,166 26 53 344 2,769 2,895 967 "'sih' 1,113 1,256 13 275 878 9 61 191 310 407 147 10 250 260 14 818 (X) 28 56 m (X) 796 563 233 233 15 886 37,130 40 138 463 8,197 71,118 68,864 "■■282' 1,982 13,655 16 1,220 6,854 42 140 590 3,225 6,669 5,384 35 1,250 3,420 17 297 4,367 28 80 148 2,575 4,447 2,867 1,060 620 3,559 18 92,161 660,134 4,129 15,325 47, 155 266,694 465,678 384,068 15,536 66,084 182, 981 19 219 5,889 7 54 92 2,297 19,081 13,264 10 6,807 6,868 20 19,472 220,285 804 3,598 10,400 81,977 308,823 263, 403 21,876 33,644 141,121 21 469 1,261 20 63 183 847 2,102 1,898 22 182 325 22 777 (x) 13 18 SS9 (X) 963 662 401 485 23 1,109 7,456 22 147 574 1,924 18,578 18,227 '"■"es' 286 2,211 24 1,058 8,647 58 222 451 2,354 25,978 25, 220 758 10,589 25 6,255 45,339 203 675 3,002 17,966 46,702 40,404 737 5,561 21, 519 26 2,979 > 24,558 148 581 1,524 10,670 24,994 14,192 186 10,616 15,017 27 541 4,791 29 99 220 1,638 2,706 2,026 681 .2,434 28 446 5,728 22 92 244 2, 464! 18,762 17,826 "'458' 478 8,049 29 328 1,061 35 68 132 426' 1,497 1,290 207 817 30 252 39,787 25 55 125 17,353. 117,017 84,267 32,'236' 530 49,857 31 242 4,676 21 89 120 2,104 3,091 2,773 34 284 2,143 32 214 1,288 36 70 109 438 996 621 15 359 529 33 US 448 80 161 288 476 2,195 200 876 ""627' 276 692 276 669 34 ""i,6i3' ■■■"23' "'i,'67i' 35 833 7,540 31 107 457 2,255 4,347 877 1,981 1,489 1,292 36 896 3,983 38 73 462 1,677 4,016 888 1,436 1,693 1,919 37 484 1,371 38 110 275 889 1,678 1,235 5 438 880 38 1,773 14,077 83 440 845 7,352 11,867 10, 136 111 1,620 6,716 39 '416 1,711 16 52 78 288 216 762 1,094 12,041 560 9,972 138 202 406 1,867 423 4,696 40 "'is'igi' "'6,"i37' 41 2,612 18, 531 96 391 1,422 8,973! 18,965 8,972 221 9,772 12, 187 42 1,188 104, 116 46 193 625 27,851 260,548 236,290 20, 856 3,402 108,647 43 669 5,934 14 49 308 2,593' 6,037 3,145 3 2,889 3,054 44 291 6,325 16 39. i e 90 2,791' 5,473 3,-665 1 1,807 2,666 45 279 7,609 11 26 1 '■ 124 3,352, 15,337 14,984 106 248 615 46 162 6,664 19 78 94 1,901 9,424 9,286 18 120 4,911 47 (X) 5,401 3 S5 (X) 2,467 10,282 10,035 115 132 6; 476 48 648 1,212 51 244 ' 326 818 1,339 ' 670 272 397 397 49 2,394 38,716 80 440 1,161 15,44. i 36,148 29,709 162 6,277 24,062 50 13y528 97,282 11,153 698 2,273 ■7; 552 40,84i. > 65,041, 49,000 1,493 14,648 29,328 51 336 20 67 -' 186 4,45a 9,926: 24, 676 2§,999 3 674 3,171 52 1,717 25,831 68 263 '-■ 808 - 36,707 3p,^55 31 5,421 8,688 53 443 1,296 (X) 9« 220 { 334 5,191 2,7fl0 2,491 2,500 54 1,487 801 3,916 S,625 54 174 718 1,572 5,165 4,012 5' 1,148 1,151 65 40 143 435 1,922 9,330 6,088 30 3,212 4,707 66 366 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJBES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE Oy PHODUCTS. WITH AVER- MANUFACTURE FOR EACH CLASS, AND HORSEPOWER REPORTED FOR ALL ESTAB- [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347.) ' Tatole 186- Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PKODHCT OF— Less S5,000 $20,000 than to to $5,000 520,000 $100,000 10 13 16 7 11 11 7 13 10 18 88 21 78 90 58 8 15 13 9 13 2 M 38 40 84 101 98 90 100 93 6 6 6 13 15 6 38 49 18 16 13 26 5 8 1 4 13 7 129 137 108 10 10 6 19 48 36 49 67 55 25 48 28 66 92 72 10 12 6 8 10 6 6 7 5 11 14 9 8 13 8 52 92 68 9 8 12 12 12 10 4 12 6 6 7 5 39 38 32 2 16 10 28 40 29 14 13 3 138 113 71 20 27 56 20 24 26 20 17 17 11 18 9 7 15 11 15 14 25 63 61 63 16 21 29 12 15 11 123 138 112 16 17 26 13 22 9 14 24 11 25 31 19 34 30 23 5 12 7 $100,000 and over. "WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— Less $5,000 $20,000 than to to $5,000 $20,000 $100,000 23 106 186 14 64 261 6 43 119 11 125 283 91 443 1,043 9 75 205 20 lU (X) 63 201 829 97 438 1,684 96 447 1,467 5 24 78 16 58 SS7 28 150 357 23 91 404 7 69 (X) 2 42 8iS 106 512 1,476 10 32 61 23 209 568 54 221 599 19 213 383 59 363 974 22 101 147 9 46 110 10 35 60S 8 66 131 4 43 'U 70 390 1,018 13 30 158 14 42 112 12 86 160 9 29 468 33 146 440 (X) Be sst 32 166 362 11 51 27 96 458 995 .18 182 1,320 25 128 507 21 73 326 13 133 210 7 97 225 17 71 520 85 269 1,394 23 105 612 18 76 252 160 701 1,746 23 62 363 15 125 me 9 103 190 14 128 251 23 119 348 1 37 90 $100,000 and over. VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABUSH- MENTS WITH PBODUC?! OF— than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 Expressed in thousands. South Caro- lina— Con. Greenville Spartanburg . . South Dakota; Aberdeen Sioux Falls . . . Tennessee: Chattanooga . . Jaclcson Johnson City.. KnoxviUe Memphis Nashville Texas: Abilene Amarillo Austin Beaumont Brownsville... Cleburne Dallas Denison El Paso Fort Worth... Galveston Houston Laredo Marshall Palestine ParLs San Angelo San Antonio . . Sherman Temple Texarkana Tyler Waco Wichita Falls. Utah: Ogden Provo Salt Lake City Vermont: Barre Burlington Rutland Virginia;! Alexandria . . . Danville Lynchburg Norfolk Petersburg Portsmouth. . . Richmond Roanoke Staunton Washington; Aberdeen Belllngham... Everett HoQuiam 10 1,113 1,641 211 687 5, 60S 1,220 447 1,327 6,170 6,563 (X) 356 655 (X) 3,190 861 1,547 1,434 795 4,211 1,002 (X) 308 (x) 2,605 188 174 698 (X) 506 Cx) 1,344 241 3,382 846 1,472 1,351 1,148 2,362 2,860 4,152 3,163 421 14,685 5,068 (x) 1,266 1,529 1,469 1,523 $28 19 14 40 186 17 32 120 247 204 17 43 100 41 10 7 338 24 42 142 65 161 27 19 16 29 18 139 24 41 12 17 75 (X) 68 28 303 61 49 48 23 14 35 151 44 30 271 47 35 43 62 91 11 1 Does not include statistics for Newport News. STATISTICS OF CITIES. 367 AOE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS. AND VALUE ADDED BY LISHMENTS IN EACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: igii— Continued. [See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347.) VALUE OF PROD- UCTS OF F.STAB- Lt.SHMENTS "WITH PBODUCT OF— 120,000 to two, 000 $100,000 and over. S668 447 462 2,890 620 (X) 1,796 4,448 4,435 223 rre 903 1,051 (X) 2,116 5,076 254 1,409 2, 164 1,213 3,070 196 eo2 t,m 416 SS9 3,172 476 470 265 SOS 1,34S l,S8e 1,217 131 3,244 2,311 1,184 735 413 678 1,209 3,184 1,2.S0 477 4,098 1,274 i,iU 587 753 1,121 269 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOR EBTABLLSHMENIS WITH PRODUCT OF— Less than $5,000 $6,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 and over. Expressed in thousands, $3,015 2,862 1,249 8,280 16,320 2,642 2,291 6,011 33,312 27,610 (X) 1,897 3,926 (X) 24, 129 1,692 4,164 7,030 6,896 21,692 1,774 (X) 1,661 (X) 13,694 6,456 834 1,573 (X) 3,792 (X) 4,326 638 11,900 1,617 5,140 2,317 3,020 4.767 8,497 10,978 11,059 1,068 56, 021 15,120 (x) 3,937 5,098 4,917 4,615 $12 $81 $325 12 80 252 10 66 271 31 225 577 113 577 1,422 9 78 312 23 m ^^36 77 225 176 694 2,350 140 694 2,200 11 42 93 28 94 S5B 67 283 541 23 108 572 7 86 (X) 4 71 m 261 . 987 2,888 15 49 123 28 314 757 101 407 1,113 46 313 664 119 691 1,574 18 72 111 11 61 126 13 48 577 19 116 185 12 71 H9 96 603 1,430 13 50 276 25 60 231 6 81 178 11 40 S9I 52 211 666 (X) 9S 580 45 243 651 17 71 35 206 786 1,531 38 219 1,501 34 146 518 28 87 408 16 110 197 8 104 318 19 103 547 102 379 1,529 21 123 - 615 16 89 248 175 925 2,358 26 86 602 20 150 191 27 152 261 37 206 389 60 270 eoo 6 74 147 $1,027 851 341 1,374 7,504 1,178 495 1,753 12, 908 10, 880 (x) 766 1,046 (X) 7,369 707 2,163 2,521 2,064 7,460 835 (X) 426 (X) 5,630 825 178 614 1,100 (X) 1,607 210 5,607 1,198 1,832 1,143 1,378 1,916 2,739 4,637 3,458 361 28,474 4,770 (X) 1,763 2,206 1,694 1,740 HORSEPOWER. Primary. Total. 4,087 5,841 2,509 21,227 3,858 3,211 6,168 24,693 21,930 502 1,791 4,824 6,680 486 1,541 15,617 3,652 6,778 7,815 8,939 18,004 530 1,963 1,302 2,220 937 8,859 2,366 1,566 2,669 1,332 5,452 2,086 3,184 802 12,766 5,975 8,004 3,159 3,375 7,209 0,606 13,038 6,549 2,664 33,940 11,708 850 13, 280 10,170 13,653 12,377 Steam engines and turbines, water wheels and motors. Inter- nal com- bus- tion en- gines. Owned. 1,736 4,617 531 465 13,306 3,406 2,377 4,421 19,094 13,020 215 1,034 3,365 4,834 450 429 10,438 1,395 5,807 6,234 5,894 11,998 191 1,320 1,228 1,914 710 7,202 1,862 1,247 2,120 1,232 3,305 1,800 1,813 623 4,698 1,0.58 6,882 1,770 2,oe3 6,969 6,275 9,031 5,629 1,806 25, 259 6,713 601 13,028 8,256 12,157 11,908 51 18 9 284 25 35 64 683 81 6 1,204 160 16 103 318 701 140 616 73 23 412 167 238 10 295 178 5 3 90 74 20 34 1,183 4 47 72 53 Rented 2,351 1,224 321 1,959 7,921 401 816 1,738 6,315 878 665 36 1,106 3,875 2,097 966 2,478 2,727 6,305 199 128 74 233 204 1,245 337 319 311 90 1,352 107 1,316 179 8,135 4,807 1,122 1,389 1,307 247 1,140 3,933 900 825 7,498 4,991 202 180 1,861 1,496 401 Electric, owned and rented. 2,366 1,546 323 1,961 11,047 538 1,039 1,839 8,998 9,311 262 771 1,092 931 46 1,109 6,056 2,135 2,890 2,841 2,876 7,294 199 831 164 238 222 1,712 506 424 329 ■ 584 1,709 87 2,176 184 8,915 4,943 993 1,776 1,616 2,766 1,843 4,712 2,326 1,075 17, 888 12,071 240 703 2,739 5,173 7bl 36S CENSUS OF MANUFACTUBES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH AVER- MANUFACTUEE FOE EACH CLASS, AND HORSEPOWER REPORTED FOR ALL ESTAB- [See note at bead of this table, pp. 346 and 347.] TaDle 186— Continued. Washington— Continued. North Yakima Seattle Spokane Tacoma Vancouver Walla Walla.. West Virginia: Bluefield Charleston Clarksburg Fairmount Huntineton... Martinsburg . . Morgantown , . Moundsville . . Parkersburg . . Wheeling WiscoN.srN: Appleton Ashland Beloit Eau Claur Fond du Lac. . Green Bay Janesville Kenosha La Crosse Madison Manitowoc Marinette Milwaukee Oshkosh Racine Shebojgan Supenor Wausau Wyoming: Chej^cnne Sheridan 37 Another cities' NTIMBEK or ESTABLISHMENTS "WITH PKODUCT Or — Less than $5,000 S5,000 to J20,000 9 316 81 127 10 6 24 8 9 25 8 18 6 25 66 32 11 16 31 45 32 15 21 47 42 24 17 569 36 38 29 40 31 13 12 520,000 to ?100,000 16 345 106 106 9 18 17 20 25 13 16 7 19 57 35 16 9 27 19 20 24 30 53 31 24 13 514 57 55 41 39 22 $100,000 and 14 258 60 61 6 15 7 25 17 16 31 11 9 10 25 3 95 30 45 3 5 2 12 I 5 21 5 6 5 14 41 18 6 12 15 11 16 17 13 22 18 12 13 291 25 42 26 17 19 2 2 WAGE EASNEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— Less $5,000 $20,000 than to to $5,000 $20,080 $100,000 12 49 1.50 188 1,062 3,428 50 365 684 97 371 821 7 38 33 5 75 170 6 46 1,191 30 131 410 16 68 »« 21 104 302 33 99 655 13 58 144 16 64 118 7 44 140 33 86 442 136 318 757 35 183 405 10 66 139 10 63 270 33 112 364 46 72 438 49 98 662 16 101 399 21 94 360 52 217 790 30 116 494 20 138 318 22 62 135 530 2,167 6,202 39 277 672 34 225 1,158 37 210 1,090 36 162 272 52 115 362 14 26 781 13 35 69 59 819 646 $100,000 and 371 7,761 1,921 5,476 282 61 (X) 510 (X) 1,410 3,954 1,353 1,272 1,317 1,259 6,709 1,521 682 3,194 1,806 1,369 1,915 979 6,680 2,281 1,444 1,536 1,903 52,940 4,794 8,062 6,809 1,662 1,963 (X) (X) talue of peod'ugts of establish- ments "WITH product or— Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 Expressed in thousands. $29 854 198 289 24 26 lo 62 19 18 42 12 65 162 76 25 21 83 110 96 43 58 123 106 57 42 1,381 96 102 84 90 86 30 186 $184 3,677 1,173 1,155 95 362 107 313 179 212 233 129 179 86 195 642 368 182 107 250 191 181 232 296 509 368 241 125 5,045 579 571 469 417 106 896 ' All other cities include: Cicero, 111., Gary, Ind., Virginia, Minn., Independence, Mo., West Orange, N. J., Lackawanna, N. Y., and Newport News, Va. STATISTICS OF CITIES. 369 AGE NUMBEn OF WAGE EAUNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY LISHMENTS IN EACH CITY HAVING 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1914— Continued. (See note at head of this table, pp. 346 and 347,] HOESEPO-WEJ VALUE OF PROD- VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE ! UCTS OF ESTAB- FOR ESTABLISHMENTS "WITH LISHMENTS "WITH PEODUCT or— PRODUCT OF— Primary. Steam Inter- engines and turbines, water wheels nal Electric, 120,000 ?100,000 Less S5,00O S20,000 SIOO.OOO com- owned to and than to to and bus- and $100,000 over. So.OOO 1520,000 $100,000 over. Total. tion Rented. rented. and en- motors. gines. Exp ressed ii 1 thousai Ids. Owned. $384 SI, 141 S20 879 S38D $586 2,343 1,737 7 599 607 1 11,263 48, 681 578 2,289 6,027 17,811 44,001 23,506 618 19,877 25,420 2 2,807 12,458 139 702 1,587 4,754 20,362 14, 273 16 6,073 6,006 3 2,706 23,558 189 683 1,229 8,216 24,086 15,760 27 8,299 12,588 4 •309 873 16 63 86 680 936 675 261 261 5 649 979 15 180 322 282 1,737 420 1,317 1,317 6 s.ose (x) 8 62 l.OiB (X) 1,984 1,643 341 1,236 7 1,120 2,204 40 182 580 725 4,574 3,428 "■349' 797 1,337 8 lASe (X) 13 97 631, (X) 1,414 760 381 273 283 9 894 3,266 15 121 372 2,268 5,594 1,548 3, .549 497 2,339 10 1,281 9,826 38 134 672 3,779 8,951 7,036 692 1,223 3,614 11 477 2,398 1,732 13 76 155 1,069 1,908 595 56 1,267 1,257 12 385 26 91 186 1,282 4,137 2,020 441 1,676 1,976 13 311 3,220 8 48 146 1,332 1,897 576 1,220 101 251 14 1,053 5,830 25,318 36 103 o89 1,670 5,939 3,904 1,759 275 843 16 l,7a7 112 368 892 10,533 36,963 29,488 3,911 2,564 10,900 10 1,051 6,063 1,270 47 211 548 1,992 16,633 12,507 197 2,929 4,230 17 350 13 96 159 482 4,835 3,912 116 808 1,312 18 691 6,109 13 74 352 3,476 6,861 3,764 1,975 1,122 6,570 19 931 5,510 49 111 457 1,949 16,356 12,971 101 3,284 3,441 20 1,069 6,390 4,726 4,517 26, 898 61 77 571 1,433 7,346 6,646 113 687 2,094 21 1,795 67 108 762 1,810 8,809 5,049 862 2,908 3,012 22 867 26 141 429 1,997 ■ 3,568 2,776 7 786 1,520 23 1,089 37 153 585 8,299 20,736 19,341 27 1,368 12,119 24 2,050 12, 057 76 305 1,000 6,544 9,869 7,944 30 1,896 3,184 25 1,496 4,237 7,233 4,148 201,295 76 228 729 2,379 2,933 1,767 116 1,060 4,896 26 930 36 148 397 2,522 5,079 4,622 206 351 4,628 27 359 28 69 154 2,079 6,320 5,605 66 749 903 28 15,834 816 2,819 7,959 87,085 122,178 93,138 3,520 26,620 75,819 29 1 787 11,428 61 321 794 6,907 13,648 12,062 298 1,288 4,245 30 ■ 2,635 1,813 659 40,324 63 333 1,482 21,493 21,292 15, 271 1,397 4,624 12, 228 31 1'5,143 10,497 6,377 47 52 267 244 884 337 7,149 2,584 13,786 7,678 10,603 6,342 139 77 3,043 2,269 5,545 2, Sis 32 33 653 66 122 353 2,266 7,408 4,966 82 2,360 3,092 34 712 (X) (x) 19 25 40 69 SSO (X) (x) 1,466 521 1,233 288 8 25 224 208 545 213 35 36 1,785 132,906 106 495 934 61,638 338,408 156,834 8S, 686 94,888 244,007 37 67031°— 17 24 370 CENSUS OP MANUFACTURES: 1&14. ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE SHOWING GREATEST VALUE Table 187 New York, N.Y.... Chicago, 111 PMladeiphia, Pa Detroit, Mich St. Louis, Mo Cleveland, Ohio Boston, Mass Buffalo, N.Y Pittsburgh, Pa Milwaokee, Wis Baltimore, Md Cincinnati, Ohio Newark, N.J Minneapolis, Minn.. Jersey City, N.J San Francisco, Cal. . Kansas City, Kans.. Perth Amboy, N.J. Rochester, N. Y Indianapolis, Ind . . . Akron, Ohio Providence, R . I Toledo, Ohio South Omaha, Nebr.. Louisville, Ky Los Angeles, Cal Bayonne, N.J Youngstown, Ohio... Bridgeport, Conn Worcester, Mass Paterson, N. J Lawrence, Mass Camden, N. J Dayton, Ohio New Orleans, La Lynn, Mass St. Paul, Minn Yonkers.N. Y Omaha, Nebr New Bedford, Mass . . Peoria, 111 Fall River, Mass Seattle, Wash Richmond, Va Kansas City, Mo New Haven Conn . . . Columbus, Ohio Cambridge, Mass Lowell, Mass Portland, Orcg Trenton. N.J Flint, Mich Passaic, N.J Reading, Pa Syracuse, N. Y Brockton, Mass Johnstown, Pa Manchester, N. H Waterbury, Conn Grand Rapids, Mich. Sioux City, Iowa Schenectady, N. Y... Denver, Colo Niagara Falls, N. Y. . Sprmglleld, Mass Total. Estab- lish- ments. 29,621 10,115 8,454 2,036 2,787 2,345 3,138 2,225 1,741 1,728 2,502 2,135 2,275 1,349 770 2,334 201 128 1,244 886 305 1,207 713 61 778 1,9U 121 201 405 606 735 221 345 523 733 429 737 186 41 233 23-i 31o 1,014 466 1,052 S38 643 316 300 837 394 94 195 486 742 243 136 151 190 594 220 185 885 156 395 Wage earn- ers (aver- age num- ber). 585,279 313,710 251,286 99,603 85,058 103,317 78, 894 64,416 69, 620 61,839 73,769 59, 861 63,084 28,295 31,021 31, 758 13,095 9,202 44,113 30, 971 24,680 44,176 27, 076 6,083 25,930 23,744 10,150 16, 861 30,042 29,452 30,925 31,048 22,541 24,061 17, 348 25,339 19, 483 12, 650 8,922 33, 343 6,285 36, 834 12, 429 17,282 16,252 24,993 17,236 16, 749 29,904 11, 273 19, 828 8,722 17, 142 24, 131 17, 551 16,246 12,177 25,843 20, 189 17, 427 4,753 17, 707 11,062 9,390 14,240. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING— earn- ers. 3,351 1,534 1,201 252 468 280 388 384 235 256 376 256 250 188 45 3S0 27 7 164 121 32 130 105 9 110 33: 1 15 43 58 35 16 44 49 71 33 111 45 74 23 35 46 223 47 130 90 94 19 38 152 22 8 13 56 109 19 10 21 17 79 22 30 158 17 53 lto5 wage 12,643 4,283 3,517 811 1,176 957 1,209 1,019 720 768 1,069 792 957 643 337 1,100 105 69 506 31 139 521 276 30 268 974 50 95 162 228 266 123 141 226 294 164 310 93 172 107 117 141 464 192 535 212 257 106 128 417 200 40 94 186 356 86 61 60 80 246 117 439 62 154 Wage earn- ers. 6 to 20 wage la 32,289 7,834 10, 251 2, 231 8,2121,825 1,964 2,723 2,279 3,170 2,264 1 1,745 2,635 2,016 2,422 1,506 471 628 499 877 418 416 333 567 502 572 319 199 565 29 13 1,1SSI 2S4 803 223 57 270 650 157 79! 11 726| 175 2, 304' 396 257 177 138[ 197: 405l 665 275 387 546 785 213 423 267 343 324 1,165 519 1,216 618 661 276 318 987 228 462 837 158 144 206 616 246 23' 1,019 1:15 378 574 142 earn- ers. 21 to 50 wage earners. ^ a OS o M S s Wage eran- ers. 167 33: 72 125' 206| 103 173 28' 87 43 70' 48 204 120| 124 138 82 50 171 67 26 38 89 141 66 35 27 36 120 67 22 195 38 93: i,624 3,456111,004 -"- 33,074 31,653 7,736 9,496 7,852 11,428 6,704 5, 208 6,514 7,785 9,816 7,991 3,363 2,876 6,739 652 331 4,774 3,585 1,023 4,745 2 — 97 3,709 4,159 314 576 1,572 2,181 4,359 520 1,315 1,636 2,549 1,804 2,309 227 1,375 495 821 627 2, 1,483 2,719 1,658 2,359 1,401 1,002 1,491 1,449 113 499 2,228 2,210 857 596 484 596 473 225 1,674 533 25,558 1,035 21,33t 968 5,424 '£M 6,109 292 5,749 249 9,857 369 4,61S 184 4,781 172 4,0'32 170 6,434 234 6,784 299 6,35f 238 3,567 m 2,236 92 6,212 181 326 18 123 11 3,24C 142 2,585 1U6 636 31 3,045 143 1,753 88 - 80 3 1,990 112 4,313 133 250 9 439 17 93S 44 1,637 67 1,952 129 398 18 839 39 1,320 54 2,322 81 1,165 68 1,947 72 284 8 900 46 487 16 766 28 612 18 2,272 76 1,298 46 2,740 83 1,396 61 1,538 K2 978 42 535 31 1,790 49 687 44 275 4 414 15 1,100 66 1,538 67 795 27 387 IS 313 16 427 IK 1,298 66 709 16 229 7 2,107 52 413 17 1,029 31 51 tD 100 wage earners. f a PS o 1,360 489 433 103 146 143 153 102 104 142 130 46 35 STATISTICS OF CITIES. 371 EARNERS EMPLOYED AND PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR FOE 130 CITIES OF PRODUCTS: 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTAB- LISHMENTS WHERE PREVAILING HOURS WERE — 101 (0 250 wage earners. 251 to 500 wage earners. 601 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. 48 and un- der. Be- tween 48 and 54. 54 Be- tween ^\ and 00. 60 Be- tween 60 and 72. 72 Over 72. Wage earn- ers. Is 1^ Wage earn- ers. Wage earn- ers. OS « Wage earn- ers. 689 343 343 86 105 121 95 77 72 63 98 109 84 30 34 33 5 9 54 40 14 42 28 1 40 30 8 7 27 44 60 12 14 23 24 22 28 2 12 5 16 6 21 22 23 22 20 29 13 14 24 4 10 30 22 15 3 3 17 27 2 3 13 9 103,649 52,226 54, 417 14,030 16,175 18,871 14, 752 11,820 11,306 9,785 14,348 17,014 12, 899 4,864 5,347 4,770 957 1,391 7,687 6,184 1,974 6,904 4,596 112 6,147 4,611 1,095 1,116 4,379 6,527 7,628 1,958 1,896 4,081 3,506 3,353 4,598 301 1,764 941 2,195 900 2,800 3, 197 3,248 3,703 .3,043 4,841 2,318 2,359 3,888 699 1,501 4,361 3,525 2,219 428 702 2,631 4,160 309 498 2,004 1,415 Q All 191 118 111 43 46 57 25 26 28 24 33 27 30 9 19 12 4 6 23 21 5 16 12 63,629 40,778 38, 851 16, 692 15,727 19,011 8,220 8,711 10,767 8,318 11,913 9,177 10,283 2,958 7,314 4,002 1,353 2,049 8,046 7,406 1,463 5,404 3,993 72 55 39 21 20 23 17 11 19 19 10 7 , 10 6 6 3 3 3 10 6 4 7 5 1 1 3 4 12 4 6 7 1 4 1 3 4 7 2 49,064 39, 181 27,110 14,834 13,542 17,958 10,837 7,447 12,298 12, 869 6,869 6,042 6,864 4,393 4,858 2,143 2,209 1,965 6,891 3,985 2,628 5,016 3,82* 723 506 1,694 2,594 8,478 2,826 4,254 4,378 577 2,819 996 1,917 2,524 4,556 1,406 26 27 17 16 6 16 5 4 11 7 11 1 4 3 3 1 4 2 3 1 3 7 1 3 3 1 2 3 9 4 2 9 3 5 40,367 78,670 38, 645 31,484 10,915 21,570 9,798 6,748 18,688 13,019 16,296 1,326 7,088 4,205 6,100 1,999 7,070 2,576 8,246 2,915 16,252 12,631 6,394 4,793 6,927 1,509 3,284 3,901 14,953 6,212 2,351 24, 764 9,898 10, 092 98,240 54,334 28,633 9,702 17,337 17, 103 18,662 7,409 8,397 14,713 11,566 11,975 6,890 6,403 1,709 18,773 772 168 4,469 5,930 4,188 3,006 2,258 133 5,126 8,169 43 1,384 4,481 1,392 1,194 360 4,407 2,336 3,406 724 4, 592 323 2,684 635 1,647 536 4,681 2,083 4,197 1,920 6,611 3,430 584 2,658 2,540 157 379 5,146 2,468 586 104 1,171 484 1,721 952 343 5,140 ,5?? 229,107 67,035 47,417 20,735 13, 896 20,680 30,167 4,081 7,166 5,465 16,677 13,626 11,611 1,612 4,888 3,859 197 187 24,546 6,152 5,936 2,647 13,645 68 2,437 2,407 301 94 5,636 1,659 619 497 1,058 1,451 1,855 2,173 5,230 277 832 249 346 559 668 1,795 2,212 3,483 1,614 2,880 1,974 629 7,740 341 763 3,562 2,124 478 187 269 4,744 2,484 240 3,682 1,136 1,065 ■ "'5 171,927 80,985 90, 366 20,248 30,559 24,581 21,962 16, 760 25, 174 5,804 15,714 16,330 11,361 9,013 6,301 6,273 3,801 2,091 11,458 3,612 963 22,360 ' 61 4,644 9,083 6,817 2,384 1,737 11,307 456 29,405 7,103 8,492 4,599 11, 844 2,980 10, 279 2,843 30, 286 842 33, 203 3,225 4,081 4,094 6,890 3,965 8,924 25, 114 3,987 3,026 406 66 7,488 8,241 14,862 531 158 3,440 9,048 462 345 1,515 2,904 6,381 53,726 60,110 64,844 35,419 7,735 19,409 6,881 11,164 14,995 23^555 12,452 12, 713 28,048 5,464 13,686 672 687 5,762 2,656 8,709 11,873 14, 535 2,675 8 5,189 958 1,464 3,930 17,295 10,098 27, 751 269 7,432 10,041 2,495 10, 539 3,667 277 910 27, 167 43,683 14,401 12,804 14,039 16,556 738 12, 786 8,173 10,482 15, 691 4,410 4,110 5,359 3,414 1,530 6,231 822 920 5,585 580 1,308 1,300 5,799 4,247 1,964 174 4,784 874 4,716 718 68 1,134 1,605 3,669 54 2,406 23 1.052 4,022 5,760 3,104 398 1,197 411 128 1,092 3,567 1,583 1,473 840 892 196 782 565 1,248 152 72 566 1,095 204 739 4 3,892 1,117 317 40 19 280 182 464 1,355 126 1,012 5 422 432 037 53 131 166 84 1,193 734 63 252 186 255 195 102 1 313 15 473 1,369 1,667 119 165 2,746 33 863 1,825 230 38 30 82 244 224 1 85 7 2 220 20 16 54 617 434 1,064 178 130 1,831 323 271 323 7 259 37 90 6 17 85 74 23 "i97 35 100 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 9. 10 7 6 2 9 16 13 6 12 6 9 14 9 1 4 3 2 18 4 4 9 7 5 7 10 6 11 4 4 8 9 9 1 4 4 14 1 2,736 2,570 1,720 617 2,906 5,034 4,575 2,199 4,268 2,665 2,879 4,672 3,314 430 1,649 1,372 680 6,914 1,390 1,207 3,575 2,661 1,649 2,330 3,541 2,074 3,841 1,319 1,213 2,925 3,092 3,350 405 1,584 2,576 4,882 480 58 21 820 2,382 337 26 214 863 25 26 27 28 91 3(1 5 31 3? 23 2 198 29 9 214 3f 31 3.i 2 9,184 3fi 182 172 "'44 237 13 ""ii 23 90 7 1 4 867 68 5 116 ""i 74 192 36 19 37 3 1 12 9,494 1,367 17,502 38 39 16 1 20 11, 708 533 14, 164 1,701 370 l,19lf 1,775 2, 207 310 793 3,092 5,650 3,601 1,643 2,098 10,819 1,022 4,702; 1,256 692| 570 1,996 50 386: 3,433 40 41 9 1 3 12, 673 1,018 4,012 42 43 5 1 4 3 4 2 1 3 3,547 931 2,914 1,791 2, 566 1,349 665 2,282 44 46 4 2 2 9 10,727 3,188 2,560 19,364 46 47 48 4q 20 33 2 4 105 6 97 "'si 97 60 2 2 3 3 5,695 5,860 7,390 4,758 5,418 7,568 14 276 6,289 2,866 306 780 146 1,654 1,177 1,750 14 61 52 7 7 6 3 3 6 8 2 2 5,004 5,113 4,060 • 1,932 2,437 4,602 3,594 1,197 1,677 63 54 .55 3 1 3 5 5,817 7,502 17,381 9,648 W 198' 2, 144 23,892 310 7,071' 3,691 1,997; 1,911 637 2,367 13,249 70 1.267 867 624 ""95 266 48 18 1,068 7,502 43 3 887 "ei 57 68 59 60 39 8 61 2 16,234 62 3 5 882 2,081 O TOO 3 6 i,766 3,842 41 10 28 «: 3,558 1,196! 60 4, 379, 5601 249 ly 1 1 ^.. tiS 372 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS GEOUPED ACCEODING TO AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE SHOWING GREATEST VALUE TaWe 187— Contd. Hoi yoke, Mass Somerville, Mass Canton, Ohio Racine, Wis Birmingliain, Ala Hartford, Corm Haverhill, Mass Pawtucket, R.I East Chicago, Ind Atlanta, Ga South Bethlehem, Pa. Troy, N. Y Wilmington, Del- Memphis, Tenn . '. New Castle, Pa Winston-Salem, N. C. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. . . AUeutown, Pa Mc Keesport, Pa Nashville, Tenn Evansville, Ind Elizabeth, N. J South Bend, Ind Dallas, Tex Utica,N.Y Fort Wayne, Ind.., Joliet.IU , Erie, Pa , Lorain, Ohio Washington, D. C. Chicopee, Mass Scranton, Pa Oakland, Cal Kenosha, Wis Woonsocket, R.I.. Wheeling, W. Va.. Springfield, Ohio... Tacoma, wash Durham, N. C Lansing, Mich East St. Louis, HI... Roctford, 111 Houston, Tex Terre Haute, Ind.... Albany, N.Y Fitchburg, Mass Des Moines, Iowa... Hoboken, N.J Battle Creek, Mich. . New Britain, Conn.. Nashua, N. H Altoona, Pa Amsterdam, N. Y. . . Pittsneld, Mass York, Pa Middletown, Ohio Ansonia, Conn O tturawa, Iowa Chester, Pa Oklahoma City, Okla. Topeka, Kans Hammond, Ind Chattanooga, Term Kalamazoo, Mich Lancaster, Pa Total. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earn- ers (aver- age num- ber). 222 n, 144 5, 429 12,256 10, 079 10,863 276 189 352 380 398 235 79 423 319 354 95 73 170 297 73 354 297 184 250 412 306 228 136 363 66 614 62 308 573 76 157 201 253 339 62 180 125 265 276 171 476 137 384 258 135 120 87 70 117 84 247 63 42 88 163 196 161 82 276 213 304 17, 137 13,281 16, 713 7, - 12,585 10,892 17, 421 15, 048 8,389 6,381 9,634 4,394 13,685 6,867 8,573 10, 333 12, 870 12,203 5,284 12, 714 11,161 11,016 6,436 8,877 8,426 12,669 7,706 7,166 10, 952 7,920 7, 6,766 4,764 6,231 5,863 10, 472 5,607 6,270 9,371 8,837 5,306 9,290 4,599 14,320 7,382 10, 732 10, 774 7,490 10,851 4,003 4,312 2,447 6,295 2,226 4,828 4,281 7,182 6,626 8,862 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOTING- No wage earn- ers. ■=1 . as ■Si 127 6 lto5 wage earners. 81 65 104 77 165 143 157 88 39 148 17 152 152 156 41 20 82 112 41 114 92 89 133 198 141 90 63 169 34 216 21 120 283 46 73 95 119 164 31 91 50 94 128 64 233 57 168 99 63 61 42 35 57 45 91 30 22 46 59 91 72 38 120 98 136 Wage earn- ers. 184 133 338 188 449 355 360 234 65 411 35 358 407 377 94 53 211 316 113 292 252 214 341 484 364 210 171 438 66 607 48 299 663 107 166 244 289 406 73 221 131 240 352 173 562 136 418 268 161 137 100 94 135 114 228 71 51 110 169 187 175 75 289 241 6 to 20 wage earners. earn- ers. 33 64 46 84 98 104 54 7 108 7 74 59 91 20 19 52 60 17 99 66 32 55 96 67 51 30 80 14 129 8 66 HI 420 382 660 580 872 1, 1,126 570 75 1,267 81 783 643 1,065 164 236 568 680 197 1,097 662 1,041 583 581 304 892 163 1,386 94 769 1,166 111 325 497 626 737 201 498 400 694 734 481 970 295 937 686 321 191 165 160 255 122 671 204 31 217 337 589 461 191 664 483 752 21 to 60 wage earners. ■Ms ■9 a Wage -Ms earn- ^g 51 to 100 wage earners. 601 538 925 763 1,099 1,390 1,861 810 129 1,811 26 1,108 940 1,547 425 408 356 1,329 170 1,506 1,452 651 724 792 956 707 387 1,240 60 1,464 268 1,034 796 70 449 708 662 762 60 480 389 1,051 759 672 871 291 1,513 1,372 283 407 627 359 374 109 1,027 112 91 467 627 416 665 73 917 644 906 37 STATISTICS OF CITIES. 373 EARNERS EMPLOYED AND PREVAILING HOUnS OF LABOR FOR 130 CITIES OF PRODUCTS: 1914— Continued. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING- 101 to 250 wage earners. ^ a a) s Wage earn- ers. 7 5 16 4 3 2 11 2 18 251 to 500 wage earners. 3,739 1,011 2,270 2,029 1,968 3,272 2,724 2,036 1,825 2, — 844 1,141 3,146 2; 319 803 1,132 280 2, 885 491 2,578 1,898 1,488 823 1,374 1,784 1,692 162 2,056 385 1,551 503 2, 742 1,780 679 1,413 1,307 2,457 1,206 285 699 1,122 2,418 1, 1,113 2,476 1,218 1,257 2 382 1,107 545 722 1,118 804 2,037 462 493 336 1,919 361 335 361 2,368 1, 742 Wage earn- ers. 501 to 1,000 wat;e .earners. 3,142 738 3,200 2,363 1,697 2,625 3,284 6,182 408 573 057 1,974 2,780 085 1,250 083 367 3,981 1,128 1,403 905 1,314 1,250 352 1,515 1,770 1,832 3,331 732 432 762 1,345 1,459 684 4,723 3,200 1,418 442 745 843 2,417 364 258 1,394 2,460 Wage earn- ers. .a a 516 2,428 1,266 552 ■-'2,001 861 1,786 2,364 2,369 643 787 4,187 1,370 2,353 702 2,216 2,146 Over 1,000 wage earners. Wage earn- ers. 503 1,340 816 1,386 671 1, 3,53 1,191 2,210 1,100 417 1,060 387 1,646 1,723 971 1,471 717 2,101 876 1,409 2,295 3,553 979 1,397 1, 745 1,265 725 2,348 506 1,690 1,315 657 627 2,014 960 1,694 1,614 2,485 774 3,933 1,321 2,211 719 703 564 908 LS77I 7,754 AVETIAGE NUMBETl OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTAB- LISHMENTS WHEKE PEEVAILIHG U0UE3 WERE— 2,010, 2,824 1,496 6,440 4,271 2,367 2,350 8,369 6,724 4,460 1,123 1,153 6,172 1,161 4,758 1,535 7,994 7,510 4,533 1,968 4,113 3,972 1,196 4,926 1,702 1,052 3,316 2,104 1,032 1,339 1,226 1,126 1,356 1,0 9,450 2,290 9,242 3,470 3,334 1,056 1,750 2,401 1,108 2,504 1,219 48 and un- der. Be- tween 48 and 64. 2,679 351 1,400 1,046 1,420 1,577 842 1,090 2,614 1,850 24 815 882 1,028 482 80 917 740 146 1,406 1,376 686 2,357 988 947 3,086 653 1,766 287 4,1 70 3,063 4,015 440 444 762 1,010 1,099 61 484 397 1, '325 2,027 1,267 1,078 1,344 870 4,826 82 ^ 135 314 228 715 44 58 94 108 600 1,017 237 471 251 1^1 g 54 1,149 1,032 811 630 278 2,119 537 452 307 942 1,44 464 285 19 64 1,202 37 737 2,196 8,874 2,076 643 1,209 613 349 468 20 691 269 1,390 216 14 39 1,743 1,227 244 19 2,175 307 947 165 1,290 2,297 072 318 2,005 492 1,135 94 30 124 31 508 29 13 163 691 603 38 1,992 366 682 Be- tween 54 and 60. 9,561 1,625 1,556 671 1,013 10, 650 5,018 11,816 593 2,471 1,744 12,070 7,311 2,538 2 r-- 54 346 5,826 843 2,150 2,075 1,028 699 2,146 7,173 1, 118 1,440 43 977 5,426 6,101 2,176 158 8,226 2,019 471 020 67 634 1,550 986 2, 776i 1,716 3,022 6,473 1,922 902 1,4 3,776 104 893 9,072 1,296 3,442 1, 33 460 2,426 521 646 464 1,248 2,392 3,551 3,044 1,254 7,579 6,141 1,698 2,350 6, 2,109 1,047 2,627 8,553 1,126 3,432 951 470 7,614 310 4,113 330 1,381 2,425 1,792 6,002 62 1,379 6,285 554 3,485 16 767 2,218 2,250 100 6,203 2,156 2,182 4,601 1,364 2,201 2,474 412 4,503 69 863 1,177 635 697 4,398 709 4,348 6,191 9,312 681 6,832 4,336 417 4, 48 1,599 34 2,550 644 1,584 861 3,787 Be- tween 60 and 72. 430 1, 167 666 2,792 4, 258 469 709 1,683 3,780 325 2,363 1, 8.55 1,743 1,008 1,761 1,405 1,591 323 2,406 2,140 430 471 1,075 1,073 014 704 3,232 1,057 381 440 605 835 334 87 1,017 508 2,821 2,407 389 2,007 2,963 742 768 841 718 1,026 469 1,042 153 910 304 633 104 1,802 2,041 22 1,637 978 266 640 861 3,113 1,102 219 30 261 '463 105 363 2 106 104 1,140 21 48 907 192 4,824 217 109 34 09 116 244 65 44 626 4,123 1,199 72 Over 72. 1 456 13 195 1,043 15 5 178 366 6 1,958 102 290 5 4 7 1,091 97 131 102 79 210 86 8 14 304 83 '879 7 534 1,132 273 241 77 22 382 136 42 133 109 83 61 103 .83 329 237 101 36 324 43 43 391 21 16 37 10 113 18 132 13 6 19 67 22 75 64 20 69 4 251 08 67 Chapter VI.— CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Summary for the United States, all industries combined. — Statistics concerning the character of ownership or legal organization of manufacturing enterprises are given in Table 188 for all industries combined. The table shows for the censuses of 1914, 1909, and 1904, the number of estabHshments under each form of ownership, the average number of wage earners, value of products, and the value added by manufacture for the establishments in each group. In thia and the other tables presenting the sta- tistics of ownership the group "All others" includes establishments operated by firms, cooperative associations and miscellaneous forms of ownership that could not be classed as "Individuals" or "Corporations." Taftle 188 NUMBER. WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDER BY MANU- FACTURE. CELAEACTER Ver Aver- Aver- Per Aver- Per OWNERSHIP. Estab- lish- ments. cent dis- tri- Average, number. age per estab- Amoimt. age per estab- cent dis- tri- Amount. age per estab- cent dis- tri- hii- lish- li.*- bu- lish- bu- tion. ment. ment. tion. ment. tion. All classes: 1914 275,791 100.0 7,036,337 25.5 124,246,434,724 $87,916 100.0 89,878,345,893 135,818 100.0 1909.--. 268,491 100.0 6,615,046 25.0 20,672,061,870 76,993 100.0 8,629,260,992 31,767 100.0 1904 216,180 100.0 6,468,383 25.0 14,793,902,563 68,433 100.0 6,293,694,753 29, 113 100.0 Individuals: 1914 142,436 51.6 707,568 5.0 1,925,518,298 13,618 7.9 903,524,881 6,343 9.1 1909 140,606 62.4 804,883 6.0 2,042,061,500 14,523 9.9 968,824,072 6,890 11.4 1904 Corporations: 1914 113,946 62.7 765,923 7.0 1,702,830,624 14, 944 11.5 824,292,887 7,234 13.1 78,151 28.3 6,649,646 72.0 20,181,279,071 258,174 83.2 8,092,885,971 103,498 81.9 1909 69,601 26.9 5,002,393 72.0 16,341,116,634 235,121 79.0 6,582,207,117 94,707 77.2 1904 61,097 23.6 3,862,698 76.0 10,904,069,307 213,399 73.7 4, 526, 055, 153 88,578 71.9 All others: 1914 65,204 20.0 679, 123 12.0 2,139,637,355 38,835 8.8 881,935,041 16,052 9.0 1909 68,385 21.7 807,770 18.0 2,288,873,736 39,203 11.1 978,229,803 16,766 11.5 1904 51, 137 23. V 849, 702 21.0 2,187,002,632 42,768 14.8 943,346,713 18,447 15.0 Establishments under individual ownership are more common than those under any other form, representing in 1914 more than half of the total number in all industries combined. The value of products, however, reported for such establishments, rep- resents but 7.9 per cent of the total. The most important distinction shown is that between corporate and all other forms of ownership. Of the total number of establishments reported as engaged in manu- facturing industries in 1914, 28.3 per cent were under corporate ownership. The cor- responding figure for 1909 was 25,9, and for 1904 was 23.6 per cent. While corpora- tions thus controlled only about one-foiu'th of the total number of establishments, they gave employment to a large proportion of all wage earners reported, namely, 80.3 per cent in 1914, 75.6 per cent in 1909, and 70.6 per cent in 1904. The value of the products of the factories operated by corporations represented 83.2 per cent of the' total value of products for all establishments in 1914, 79 per cent in 1909, and 73.7 per cent in 1904. These figures show that during the decade the corporate form of ownership increased so greatly that it represented an appreciably larger proportion of the manufacturing interests of the country in 1914 than in 1904. Proportion of business done by corporations, — Table 189 shows for the 88 industries which gave employment in 1914 to an average of 10,000 wage earners or over, the number of establishments and value of products reported for corporations at the cen- suses of 1914, 1909, and 1904. This table shows that in industries where a large investment in plant and machinery is necessary to the proper conduct of the business, the establishments are as a rule operated by corporations, since it is easier under this form of ownership to obtain the necessary capital. All of the establishments engaged in the manufacture of rubber belting and nose, electric railroad cars, sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids and theat- rical scenery in 1914 were operated by corporations. More than 90 per cent of the (374) CHAEACTEK OF OWNERSHIP. 375 blast furnaces, steel works and rolling mills, cottonseed-oil mills, and establishments manufacturing steam-railroad cars were under this form of ownership. The general tendency has been toward an increase in the proportion of the establishments operated by corporations. Of the 88 selected industries 62 show an increase in this respect for the last five-year period and 40 showed less than 50 per cent of the establishments operated by corporations in 1914. As a rule corporations control a much larger proportion of the output of manufactures than they do of the number of establishments. In 40 of the 88 industries the value of the products reported by corporations formed in 1914 more than 90 per cent of the value reported for all establishments, and in all but 8 of the industries the corporations reported more than 50 per cent of the total value of products. In only one of the selected industries, the manufacture of women's clothing, did the proportion of the total value of products reported by corporations fall as low as one-third. In this in- dustry it formed only 29.1 per cent of the total value reported for 1914. Ownership of establishments in individual industries. — Table 190 shows, for 334 industries, the number of establishments owned by individuals, corporations, aild all others, respectively, in 1914, together with the number of wage earners and the value of products for each class of ownership. A few industries distinguished by the Biu-eau of the Census are included in "All other industries" in order to avoid disclosing the operations of individual concerns. Ownership of establishments, by divisions and states. — Table 191 shows for each geographic division for the censuses of 1914, 1909, and 1904, and for each state, for 1914, the number of manufacturing' establishments owned by individuals, corpora- tions, and other classes, respectively, the number of wage earners employed, the value of products, and the value added by manufacture for each class. EELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COBPORATIONS IN 1909, AND 1904. LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914, [Note. — In some instances the value of products for establishments under other forms of ownershii) has been combined with that for establisnments operated by corporations, to avoid disclosing individual operations. In all cases, however, the value of products of the former class of establishments represents a very small proportion of the total, in no case exceeding 1 per cent.] Table 189 ESTABLISHMENTS OPERATED BY CORPORATIONS. Number. 1914 1909 1904 Value of products. Amount (expressed in thousands of dollars). 1914 1909 1904 Per cent of total. 1914 1909 1904 All industries. . 78, 151 61,097 20,181,279 10,904,069 83.2 Agricultural implements Artificial stone products Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Boots and shoes, rubber Boxes, fancy and paper Brass, bronze, and copper products. Bread and other bakery products. . Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products , Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Buttons Canning and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag.. . Carriages and wagons and mate- rials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by electric-railroad companies Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies Cement 318 594 736 853 21 545 412 1,186 1, 1,675 145 1,322 60 748 644 1,359 100 124 349 547 734 22 388 417 2,000 1,313 108 1,187 57 884 540 104 125 327 156 661 21 242 271 483 1,684 1,385 81 940 49 1,140 67 115 157,490 9,760 622,299 448,936 163,822 56,602 146,925 216, 120 1148,797 199,846 14,525 195,088 67, 127 92,100 138,532 513,876 192, 557 101, 252 140,664 6,334 235,803 365, 717 49, 721 ^ 35, 796 134,982 140,239 2 134,001 113,494 2 14,491 116,497 109,348 2 31,963 2 405,601 120,486 1 62, 786 105,326 2,161 26,466 210,494 2 70,066 20,012 89,004 88,695 99, 131 61,310 6,836 78,309 35,976 96,895 13,437 309,776 109,080 29, 564 96.0 44.5 76.1 1 100.0 75.8 90.6 43.9 185.6 54.9 70.1 80.1 82.6 70.0 96.1 34.0 94.6 71.3 100.0 2 65.7 90.0 35.3 2 79.3 41.3 2 63. 74.2 65.9 100.0 99.92100.0 98. 9 97. 4 99. 5I 1 99. 3 73.7 94.0 52.3 88.1 58.8 100.0 64.3 86.9 32.1 73.2 36.5 61.4 60.0 58.4 62.2 100.0 100.0 91.1 9J.0 1 Includes statistics for 2 establishments under other forms of ownership, s Includes statistics for 1 establishment under another form of ownership. 376 CEisrsus OF manufactures: 1914. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATIONS IN 88 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914. 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at liead of this tabic, p. 375.] TalJle 189--Continued. Chemicals Clocks and watches, includiag cases and materials Clothing, men's, including shirts.. . Clothing, women's Coke, not including gas-house coke- Confectionery Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. Cordage and twine aad jute and liaen goods Corsets Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified Dyeing and finishing textiles, ex- clusive of that done in textile mills Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Fancy articles, not elsewhere spec- ified Fertilizers Firearms and ammunition Flour-mill and gristmill products.. Food preparations, not elsewhere specified Foundry and machine-shop prod- ucts Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors Gas, illuminating and heating Glass Gloves and mittens, leather Hats, fur-felt Hosiery and knit goods Ice, manufactured Iron and steel, blastfurnaces Iron and steel, steel works and roll- ing mills Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, wadiers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills Iron and steel f orgin,G;s, not made in steel works or rolling mills Jewelry Leather goods , Leather, tanned, curried, and fin- ished Lime , Liquors, malt , Locomotiv es, not made by railroad companies , Lumber and timber products Marl>la and stone work , Mattresses and spring beds , Millinery and lace goods Mineral and soda waters Musical instruments, pianos and organs, and materials Oil, cottonseed, and cake ESTABLISHMENTS OPERATED BY CORPORATIONS. Number. 914 1909 32.5 274 76 79 954 824 936 583 2()S 276 703 596 424 394 1,169 1,034 114 105 91 72 1,116 1,113 403 386 276 214 7S3 720 214 156 SX2 369 42 46 2,204 2,271 574 447 7,652 6,408 29£ 242 1,609 1,499 333 330 1,101 1,091 3i;- 321 Kl 73 lOf 104 785 051 1,732 1,387 1.55 195 407 424 84 80 146 115 46'f 344 6ie 569 414 454 222 247 951 996 18 16 6,346 6,969 S25 811 311 284 476 285 962 710 322 314 793 756 56 538 248 384 315 591 284 624 108 227 46 1,732 258 4,642 126 1,128 174 931 337 66 56 476 892 182 385 Value of products. Amount. (expressed in thousands of dollars). 1914 165,273 33,609 200,853 137,779 95,659 128,910 43,623 194,600 2 73,340 33,258 672,270 63,822 94, 193 326,501 14, 374 144,912 38,881 645,048 1S4,80; 11,231,316 67,124 236, 38,832 218,""' 118,981 9,544 30,369 208, 404 51,977 314, 199 914,200 67 109 403 391 170 930 13 4,900 467 166 106 364 234 677 22, 519 28,224 42, 360 02,062 287, 1.69 14,893 412,349 2 43, 374 832,330 59, 818 25,505 49,830 29,071 81,652 203,019' 1909 115,321 34,599 187,167 90,697 2 91,280 96,822 2 44, 152 149,640 2 67,022 26,061 598, 770 2 46,043 72,249 213,088 12,239 98,007 33,066 588,190 106,002 1,082,716 2.53,030 192,097 237,011 165, 109 89, 138 10, 107 31,607 142, 022 < 36, 714 386.362 980, 547 19, 140 37, 4.58 61,628 250, 296 2 13, 483 338, 481 2 31, 582 793, 810 64,860 23,126 29, 760 1 18, 103 76,965 141, 731 1904 65,821 28,816 109, 689 46,169 48, 449 62,802 85,768 80,398 61,011 8,730 417, 926 30,769 41,677 133,777 8,215 61,323 25, 487 429, 736 724,924 19,662 128,051 20,53 123,788 74, 836 6,"" 20,183 3 86, 19, 379 226, 518 666, 631 13, 485 10,787 18, 767 39,809 168, 736 10,375 203,219 159,552 536, 795 39,020 15, 3G6 10, 356 10,840 53,837 93, 818 Per cent of total. 1914 1909 1904 98.4 47.1 29.1 96.4 75.5 72.5 80.4 2 88.1 82.0 96.9 97.4 57.4 94.6 94.0 73.5 84.3 89.7 70.3 84.0 85.6 99.1 96.7 44.2 81.3 80.5 86.1 98. 99. 97.8 62.3 60. 78.2 81.0 93, 100.0 74.4 55.9 65. 43.6 49.8 91.8 95.7 97.9 32.9 23.6 295.4 71.8 273.3 74.9 2 96.4 78.3 95.3 64.1 88.1 2 60.6 SO, 2 82.1 99.0 96.8 42.8 66.0 71.0 «85.5 98.7 99.5 94.3 46.6 58.8 76.3 275.1 90.3 2 100.0 68.7 48.5 64.0 34.7 Ml, 85.7 95. 87.3 96.7 26.9 18.6 93.7 61.7 67.0 68.7 92.8 78.8 82.0 95.0 46.7 90.8 90.4 60.3 79.6 82.3 40.1 72.0 77.3 98.9 94.0 33.4 55.1 '63.0 81.5 97.7 89.1 35.3 48.5 66.8 70.3 88.2 100.0 60.7 46.0 55.4 20.4 35.8 81.6 1 Includes statistics for 2 establishments under other forms of ownership. 2 Includes statistics for 1 establishment under another form of ownership. ' Excludes statistics for 1 establishment to avoid disclosure of individuifl operations. < Includes statistics for 3 establishments under other forms of ownership. CHAEACTEB OF OWNERSHIP. 377 EELATIVB IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATIONS IN 88 LEADING INDBSTRIES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 375.] Talblo 189— Continued. INDUSTRY. Faint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specilied Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Paving materials Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing Rubber goods, not elsewhere speci- fied Sewing machines, caijes, and at- tachments .' Shipbuilding, including boat build- ing Silk goods, including throwsters Silverware and plated ware Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, copper Soap Stoves and furnaces. Including gas and oil stoves Sugar, reDning Tobacco manufactui'es Turpentine and rosin Typewriters and supplies , Wirework , including wire rope and cable, not elsewhere specified Wood, turned and carved Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other industries E.STABLISHMENTS OPEKATED BY COKPOEATIONS. Number. 1914 1909 1904 558 60S 290 1.824 307 155 8,589 244 242 543 113 548 36 200 404 15 792 221 75 47 238 226 685 1.836 526 633 246 1,610 33 131 7,184 157 35 240 468 111 488 37 201 414 16 722 196 64 49 253 269 578 7,987 360 587 149 83 5,364 154 2C0 315 87 298 39 182 51i3 130 46 22 200 269 618 5,993 Value of products. Amount (expressed in thousands of dollars). 1914 133, 241 315, 401 67,188 139,304 32, 112 389, 379 686,696 220,783 2 26, 866 79,046 199,073 36, 021 1, ,512,814 2 444, 022 120,009 82,392 250, 844 365, 933 8,402 23,607 81,277 37, 880 13, 119 336, 469 2,349,237 1909 106,350 248, 435 49, 584 111,494 5,594 232,640 516, 401 126, 872 (.') 2 61,047 134. 496 39, 219 1, 215, 428 ' 378, 806 93, 938 2 72, 666 236,634 277, 103 6,144 18, 792 82, 803 36, 844 13,542 1904 75, 473 169, 660 1 26, 649 • 81,831 4,655 109. 549 308, 729 59,087 ' 25, 995 07,892 92, 403 29, 349 793, 971 2 240, 780 48,661 54,478 188, 186 (3,661 9,934 37,310 2'i, 364 11,676 363, 284 239, 817 1,868,1351,440,914 Per cent of totaL 1914 1909 1904 91.5 94, 93.7 83.2 90.0 98.2 76.2 98.7 91.3 89.1 78.4 93.1 90.4 2 100.0 93. 92.2 86.7 74.7 40.0 96.4 99.3 90.6 68. 85.2 92.8 78.5 89. 98.1 70.0 98.0 (») '84.0 68.3 92.9 88.7 2 100.0 84.4 2 92. 96.1 60.5 24.3 95.3 98.0 87.9 61.0 83.3 83.1 89.9 1 78.5 69.7 92.5 90.9 66.7 93.8 <99.4 82.0 69.3 89.4 86.1 2 100.0 71.3 87.7 56.8 U5.3 93.4 98.4 79.8 57.4 76.1 > Excludes statistics (or 2 establishments to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2 Includes statistics for 1 establishment under another form of ownership. 8 Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. • Includes statistics for 2 establishments under other forms of ownership. 378 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED BY CHARACTEB OF OWNERSHIP AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR EACH CLASS. BY INDUSTRIES: 1914. (Note.— In some industries, in order to avoid disclosing the returns for individual establishments, the figures for certain groups (represented by only one or two establishments) have been consolidated with those for some one of the larger groups. In such cases an x is placed in the column from which the figures have been omitted, and the figures for the groups with whicfi they have been consolidated are printed in Ualics. lu the totals for all industries combined, each establishment is classified under its proper group; consequently the sum of the figures presented in any given column does not equal the total at the head of the column.) Tatolo 190 All industries 142, 436 CHAKACTEE OF OWNERSHIP. Number of estab- lishments owned by- Indi- vidu- als. Aeroplanes and parts Agncultural implements Aluminum ware Ammunition Artificial flowers Artificial limbs Artificial stone products Artists' materials Asbestos products, not including steam packing Automobile bodies and parts Automobile repairing Automobiles Awnings, tents, and sails Babbitt metal and solder Bags, other than paper Bags, paper, not including bags made in paper mills Baking powders and yeast Baskets, and rattan and willow ware Bells Belting and hose, rubber Belting and hose, woven Belting, leather Billiard tables and materials Blacking, stains, and dressings- . . Bluing Bone, carbon, and lamp black Bookbinding and blank-book mak- ing Boot and shoe cut stock, exclusive of that produced in boot and shoe factories Boot and shoe findings, exclusive of those produced in boot and shoe factories Boots and shoes Boots and slices, rubber Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Boxes, wooden paclnng Brass, bronze, and copper products Bread and other bakery products. . Brick and tile, terra-col ta, and fire-clay products Brooms Brushes Butter Butter, reworkimg Buttons Candles Canning and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables Canning and preserving, oysters - . Card cutting and designing 3 188 6 3 137 SO 332 1,797 26 579 29 47 Cor- pora- tions. 78,151 281 169 387 2 125 322 454 396 21,618 1,' 565 184 1,109 6 235 3 97 1,483 25 31 All others 10 31S 28 24 33 52 694 17 23 47S 699 263 164 101 686 21 59 645 491 412 1,186 1,536 113 113 1,160 10 145 8 183 856 28 10 95 4 5 47 21 926 166 777 12 145 16 24 99 282 64 176 184 3,159 677 190 2,087 1 137 814 12 17 Average number of wage earners in estab- lishments owned by — Indi- vidu- als. Corpo- rations, 707.668 5,649,646 679,123 All others 819 12 138 1,697 174 3,861 83 SO 1,665 4,425 286 1,867 75 825 38 63 17 250 86 ■344 60 71 5,413 1,601 12, 469 (X) 1,941 6,804 4,819 3,028 56,721 10,722 1,733 1,166 2,100 79 2,: 12 750 8,276 039 242 167 46, 233 4,572 11,244 1,339 223 4,362 375 942 44,867 5,747 78, 892 2, 901 7,818 3,165 2,160 2,678 392 5,116 833 2,617 1,276 1,108 132 13.673 6,362 3,311 148,887 18,687 2,607 33, 416 29,407 35, 505 64,050 80,770 2,839 4,738 7,754 225 10, 021 338 7.743 34,369 1,275 195 6 1,407 30 111 1,772 91 2,042 146 (X) 1,353 2,; 129 616 69 715 256 72 897 (X) 102 84 91 314 62 (X) 2,607 1,174 1,802 30, 199 Value of products of establishments owned by- Indi- vidu- Corpo- rations. All others. Expressed in thousands of dollars. 1,925,518 20,181,279 2,139,637 1,287 6,092 4,322 1.773 13,281 1,070 1,320 4,295 (X) 2,182 37 576 7,680 173 80 17 2,088 36 126 2,701 449 7,827 iss S7 4,562 10, 604 1,169 6,935 669 5,069 272 352 1,461 ISO 27 1,711 255 1,712 206 7,176 28, 189 (X) 2,645 9,473 10,914 9,102 221,886 12,209 4,080 2,799 32,992 99i 3,012 69 2,115 15,377 639 473 761 157,490 19,521 30,536 2,148 712 9,760 2,016 2,767 120. 873 13, 224 501, 426 10, 141 17. 69,061 16,406 21,630 4,086 781 23,561 4,140 20,629 4,374 6,191 719 1,076 27, 110 38,685 15,541 394, 709 es,8m 3,788 66,602 66,446 146.926 216, 120 112,835 6,694 11, 627 123, 636 4,875 14,526 1,525 27,534 116, 820 1,446 362 12 4,509 40 178 2,765 337 4,347 Cx) 4,166 6,192 635 2,062 1,142 4,919 925 457 1,031 (X) 274 698 265 1,979 259 (X) 3,744 78,862 1,904 8,636 9,207 6,172 63,887 10,877 3,311 3,468 86,751 (X) 3,175 147 1,462 16,979 163 234 CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. 379 ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR EACH CLASS. BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. (See note at head ot this table, p. 378.1 Table 190— Continued. CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. not made in paper , other than rag. Cardboard, mills Carpets and ruj Carpets, rag Carriage and wagon materials Carnages and sleds, cliildren's Carriages, wagons, and repairs Cars and general shop construc- tion and repairs by electric-rail- road companies Cars and general shop construc- tion and repairs by steam-rail- road companies Cars, electric-railroad, not includ- ing operations of railroad com- panies Cars, steara-railroad, not includ- ing operations of railroad com- panies Cement Charcoal, not including produc- tion in the lumlwr and wood distillation industries Cheese Chemicals China decorating, not including that done in potteries Chocolate and cocoa products, not including confectionery Cleansing and pohshing prepara- tions Clocks Clothj sponging and reJiaishing. . . Clothing, horse Clotliing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonholes Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Coffins, burial cases, and under- takers' goods Coke, not including gas-house cote Collars and cuffs, men's Combs and hairpins, not made from metal or rubber : Condensed milk and milk prod- ucts, other than butter and cheese Confectionery and ice cream Cooperage Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work. Cordage and twine Cordials and flavoring sirups Cork, cutting Corsets Cotton goods Cotton lace Cotton small wares Crucibles Cutlery and edge tools Dairymen's, poultrymcn's, and apiarists' supplies Dental goods Drug grinding Number of estab- lishments owned by- Indi- vid u- als. 2 15 359 151 30 3,030 24 1,700 44 41 ■1 1 10 20 16 2,521 100 2,389 206 63 19 4 10 2,680 Cor- pora- 11 60 34 214 51 534 644 1,359 14 100 124 7 342 32.; 2; 10 33 14 16 713 2 936 375 177 205 21 173 1,113 336 791 74 76 29 91 1,021 35 6o: '■> 143! 10s 60 16 All others 2 22 70 81 11 1,037 16 1,040 26 1,598 31 2,239 115 41 7 1,029 240 975 8 16 2 19 8J 3 21 1, 29i Average number of wage earners in estab- lishments owned by— Indi- vidu- als. (K) 660 i.oas 71a 3S5 11,123 W 1,180 147 157 61 190 62 229 160 40,S24 302 45,1 793 509 603 19 60 11,519 2,965 9,496 411 105 S3 309 3,6U 191 i 593 Corpo- rations. 4l!' 394 341! 281 6'i 31 1.078 20, .567 534 9,511 6,413 23,962 20, 357 97 339,421 63. 580 27,1 88 727 31,974 (X) 3,913 899 6,693 415 1,143 78,106 (X) 52,278 6,506 8,37 20,433 9,888 2,175 5,1 45,666 12, 199 14,179 15,019 766 3,361 17, 106 365,404 7,070 5,234 SOS 15,109 4,802 2,471 953 All others. 81 4,082 588 813 102' 6,219 41 1,001 190 m 186 150 25' 366 54,817 UO 70, 730 1,250 582 171 213 286 54 6,849 1,961 6,039 339 68 (X) 3,081 10,321 179 771 (X) 744 355 328 Value of products of establishments owned by- In di- vidu- al. Corpo- rations. All others. Expressed in thousands of dollars. (X) 2,096 1,391 1,650 983 22,027 (X) 91 28, UT 8L1J 37.8 1,498 866 189 298 527 68, 113 339 12.5,920 7,8; 1,19.-. 2,998 39 73' ,392 290 ,029 1,586 944 116 4,145 57,127 603 21,186 10,578 70,915 38,532 10,496 192,558 101,252 260 8,559 155, 273 (X) 32,963 7,320 10, 863 812 3,438 218,034 (X) 137, 779 113,460 23,540 9',, 659 1^,222 4,397 67,652 163, 103 35, 676 64,803 58,229 13, 913 7,629 33,2.58 650, 38' 12, 619 9, 264 i,r' 23, 936 lr>,535 13,00>! 7,397i 380 CENSUS OP MASrUFACTTJEES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. [See note at head ot this table, p. 378.) Tatole 190— Continued. Druggists' preparations Dyeing and flnishing textiles, ex- clusive of that done in textile mills Dyestuffs and e.itracts Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Electroplating Emery and other abrasive "wheels. Enameling Engines, steam, gas, and v^ater.. . Engravers * materials Engraving and diesinldng Engraving, steel and copper plate, including plate printmg Engraving, wood Envelopes Explosives Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Feathers and plumes Felt goods Fertilizers Files Firearms Fire extinguishers, chemical Fireworks Flags and banners Flavoring extracts Flax and hemp, dressed Flour-mill and gristmill products . Food preparations, not elsewhere specified Foundry and machine-shop prod- ucts Foundry supplies Fuel, manufactured Fur goods Furnisliing goods, men's Furniture Furs, dressed Galvanizing Gas and electric fixtures Gas, illuminating and heating Gas machines and gas and water meters Glass Glass, cutting,staiaing, and orna- menting Gloves and mittens, leather Glucose and starch Glue, not elsewhere specified Gold and silver, leafand foil Gold and silver, reducing and re- fining, not from the ore , Graphite, ground and refined Grease and tallow, not including lubricating greases Haircloth , Hair work jxammocks jjand stamps y:{ardware ff ardware, saddlery jjat and cap materials CHAKACTEn Of OWNERSHIT. Number of estab- lishments owned by- Indi- vidu- als. 131 2; 196 279 10 51 94 4 377 196 51 13 3 222 133 4 94 14 8 9 11 44 212 9 6,426 655 3,723 14 1 711 195 1,102 63 10 142 34 23 12 170 43 11 57 35 3 173 7 137 6 167 142 23 51 Cor- pora- All others 753 67 32 16 305 125 8 71 104 164 47 47 582 30 18 17 27 27 153 4 2,264 674 5,094 37 12 143 198 1,545 19 33 23' 1,101 219 80 34 25 7 127 6 28 4 64 321 28 25 81 133 7 10 47 1 107 59 2 108 4 3 1 3 16 69 3 3,098 330 1,823 6 1 468 158 645 24 5 81 149 127 102 12 69 Average number of wage earners ia estab- lishments owned by — Indi- vidu- als. 4,276 113 2,240 1,210 45 209 914 18 702 782 80 210 1,771 1,439 W2 447 101 666 28 41 335 286 51 7,831 2,040 22, 797 75 (X) 2,953 2,724 9,659 419 636 802 23 170 770 1,601 29 399 64 34 675 65 608 169 331 1,111 33 278 Corpo- rations. All others. 41,219 2,615 115, 085 755 2,306 1,010 27, 741 88 532 5,1. 193 6,481 6,290 3,909 1,427 3, 74.3 21,637 4,119 6,819 228 1,246 1,002 1,061 16 25, 211 16, 539 320,650 466 lil 1,931 14,131 107, 84' 680 917 9,063 43, 316 4,771 71,136 6,065 4,816 4,373 2, 161 329 216 4,030 281 339 82 800 38,620 2,432 677 2,972 81 763 619 36 95 1,002 (X) 302 926 29 279 13 1,719 1,617 (X) 831 129 580 38 158 126 49 6,676 2,727 19,024 14 (X) 4,146 6, 604 10, 475 420 27 1,048 463 31 2,596 1,401 3,964 37 414 575 63 (X) 401 249 246 34 190 1,482 46 820 Value of products of establishments owned by- Indi- vidu- als. Corpo- rations. All others. Expressed in thousands of dollars. 1,842 7,972 1,144 6,470 1,958 56 267 2,061 1,283 1,285 153 358 10 3,682 3,699 8U 2,477 107 1,185 129 87 647 1,797 123 113, 784 10,558 49, 281 333 w„ 12,667 7,761 20,422 788 236 2,470 893 3, .583 3,618 489 122 839 3,387 Bur 3,149 346 1,690 387 879 2,297 74 860 94,193 18,855 326,501 1,702 6,989 1,765 67,772 727 1,233 10,918 490 17,483 41,343 8,748 3,669 12 r 144', 912 5,358 8,346 1,169 2,178 2,602 8,629 36 645,048 184,807 772,276 1,625 ses 9,621 30,101 223,287 1,393 8,135 23, 210 218,306 14,740 118,981 10,020 9, .544 61,882 11,369 735 22,490 1,497 19,383 1,126 979 193 1,994 68, 410 3,847 2,591 CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. 381 ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND VALUE OP PRODUCTS FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. [See note at head of this tabic, p. 378.] Table 190— Continued. CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool , Hats, fur-felt Hats, straw Hats, wool-felt Hones and whetstones Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills Hosiery and Imit goods House-furnishing goods, not else- where specified Ice, manufactured Ink, printing Ink, writing Instruments, professional and scientific Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Iron and steel, bolts, nuts,wa5hers, and rivets, not made in steel worts or rolling mills Iron and steel, cast-iron pipe Iron andsteel, doors and shutters.. Iron and steelforgings, not made in steel works or rolUng mills . . . Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel , works or rolling mills Iron and steel, wrought pipe Ivory, shell, and bone work, not including combs and hairpins . . Japanning Jewelry Jewelry and instrument oases Jute goods Labels and tags Lamps and reiloctors Lapidary work Lasts '. Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods, not elsewhere specified Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Lime Linen goods Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Lithographing , . . Locomotives, not made by rail- road companies Looking-glass and picture frames. Lubricatmg greases Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing-mill products, not includtag planing mills con- nected with sawmills Malt Marble and stone work Matches Mats and matting, from cocoa fiber and grass Number of estab- lishments owned by- Indi- vidu- als. 288 94 40 12 5 4 619 176 15 25 18 2 29 25 942 02 8 30 29 58 22 2 162 333 2 177 188 169 271 16 16, 797 2,167 13 2,812 Cor- pora- tions. All others 78 103 70 17 -786 124 1,732 43 23 126 155 40- 84 57 28 146 30 29 16 3 404 39 21 63 96 15 34 24 414 222 19 211 951 97 209 18 106 55 3,387 2,405 75 825 214 27 39 10 1 1 318 70 355 12 7 508 24 5 15 26 16 10 1 165 72 Average number of wage earners in estab- lishments owned by — 46 HI 62 1 62 6 7,04 1,269 5 1,264 2 Indi- vidu- als. 1,748 1,809 1,181 62 29 SS 13,907 929 1,883 94 60 463 232 "73 164 221 (X) 116 121 5,424 481 254 228 101 296 423 11 1,127 3,821 1,802 (X) 348 2,605 397 746 1,140 46 13, 254 80 10, 532 SO 162 Corpo- rations. All others. 2,157 17, 607 5,874 829 141 666 120, 69' 5,442 19,519 1,242 446 6,32' 28, 760 10, 246 /?, 66' 1,859 10,361 2,176 7,314 384 87 16,006 4,370 2,194 6,736 170 1,548 674 3,246 43,349 9," " S, 5,621 57, 666 1,719 13,380 17,S91 3,270 419 331, 076 70, 022 1,889 34,891 3,720 707 .652 3,417 2,002 2,428 358 W (X) i 16, 916 .164 1,609 55' 1,973 180, (X) 63 164 247 t,SSt\ 295! 20; 7, 859, 633 3,363 178, 298 118 123 (X) 8,766 781 326 1,799 176 1,045 (X) 377 11 68, 763 12,938 20 9,558 (X) (X) 1,721 Value of products of establishments owned by- Indi- vidu- als. Corpo- rations. All others. Expressed in thousands of dollars. 3,. 509 4,149 111 23,319 3,419 4,448 850 359 990 (X) 1,121 601 "i76 325 .496 (X) 270 189 14,928 952 027 352 266 ,895 932 102 1, 2,878 16,369 2,419 (X) 6,260 18,086 1,768 1,720 3,133 631 108, 734 38,312 916 20,596 131 4B7 7,292 5,31 30,369 15, 568 1,206 232 1,726 208,404 21,189 51,977 12, 595 2,395 15,853 314,199 22,519 26, 6(9 4,863 6,176 31,360 1,229 147 42,360 1,861 8,161 6,768 16,621 1,217 3,424 7,239 8,748 287, 159 14,893 6,960 191,566 412,349 13, 777 35, 221 43,374 6,901 4,078 527,849 230,053 47,066 59,818 12,425 1,769 (X) 25,505 5,920 382 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUKES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 378.] Tatole 190— Continued. MilUnery and lace goods Mineral and soda waters Minerals and earths, ground Mirrors, framed and unframed... Models and patterns, not includ- ing paper patterns Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts. . Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and mate- rials, not speciQed Musicalinstruments, organs Musicalinstruments, pianos Musical instruments, piano and organ materials Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes . Nets and seines Oil, cottonseed, and cake Oil, essential Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere specified Oilcloth and hnoleum, floor Oilcloth, enameled Oleomargarine Optical goods Paints Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere speci- fied Paper patterns Patent medicines and compounds. Paving materials Peanuts, grading, roasting, clean- ing, and shelling Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic. . . Pens, gold Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Phonographs and graphophones . . Photo-engraving, not done in printing estabUshments Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pickles, preserves, and sauces Pipes, tobacco Plated ware Plumbers' suppMes, not elsewhere specified Pocketbooks Pottery Poultry, Idlling and dressing Printing and pubhsliing, Book and job Printing and phblishing, music . . . Printing and publishing, news- papers and periodicals Printing materials Pulp goods Pulp wood Pumps, not including power pumps Pumps, steam and other power . . . Refrigerators CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Number of estab- lishments owned by- Indi- vidu- als. 1,009 3,241 41 62 459 24 48 165 33 38 34 4 6 47 65 1 41 1 1 1 136 114 49 OS 11 1,177 158 21 1 22 3 221 31 13 300 25 10 42 30 7,090 85 10,992 23 1 12 40 16 61 Cor- pora- All others 476 962 173 87 116 42 54 44 35 197 90 39 8 793 16 21 129 16 XI 16 138 399 608 205 9 1,3.55 3U7 35I 13' 27 6 , 208 156 16 211 43 42 255 16 53 180 14 203 52 70 5,016 57 22 594 1,260 187 12 25 32 17 20 14 6 2 42 24 3 11 1 1 40 72 61 37 6 371 67 15 2 66 13 4 117 6 9 38 20 51 25 2,145 25 3,309 14 1 5 41 15 65 6 64 19! Average number of wage earners in estab- lishments owned by— Indi- vidu- als. Corpo- rations. 11,512 6,263 379 687 1,723 56 146 276 467 925 335 777 ( (X) 102 (X) (X) X) 776 687 857 445 23 1,759 1,726 302 (X) 176 34 603 137 736 94 65 1,884 412 79 306 214 811 197 22,715 120 25,998 67 (X) 112 141 72 735 All others. 20,689 6,319 4,011 2,123 1,600 6,413 429 1,418 2,359 22,374 5,236 1,009 20, 535 129 1,320 1, •4,. i,ns 917 6,808 11,963 83, 12, 480 1,046 10, 620 10, 672 2,032 4,sso 928 161] 2, 036' 24,944 9,381 4,853 1," 6,533 10,086 1,439 8,491 17,170 635 25,213 971 78,365 610 77, 693 343 i,ee.i, 295 1,081 6,997 4,656 13,173 2,924 317 374 1,051 212 125 137 237 578 292 81 (x) 498 61 168 61 (X) (X) 4,043 670 4 1,049 1,142 623 26 60 620 603 14 1,003 617 681 185 12,041 143 10, 684 23 (X) 14 912 119 226 Value of products of establishments owned by- Indi- vid u- Corpo- rations. All others. Expressed in thousands of dollars. 19 1,60S Cx) 50 614 51 83 358 2,51C 285 2,442 (X) 1,640 290 190 8,259 726 134 1,036 588 1,049 1,253 54, 761 1,125 70, 711 184 (X) 224 351 209 1,986 49,830 29,071 9,013 6,909 3,228 21,417 2,668 4,872 67,945 18,834 7,761 2,958 203,019 1,849 40, 847 36, 126 n, ?. IS, 080 15,092 102,398 315,401 45,560 2,955 82,939 32, 112 13,075 5, 419 12, 129 389,379 £1,116 12, 224 3,913 34,346 49, 289 2,647 17,"" 40,093 1,277 35,005 10,293 219,984 5, 388, 126 1,820 i,. 356 3,032 17,309 12,615 CHABACTEB OF OWNEKSHIP. 383 ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED BY CHAHACTER OF OWNEESHIP AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 378.] Table 190— Continued. IKDUSTEY. Regalia and society badges and emblems Rice, cleaning and polishing Roofing materials Rubber goods, not elsewhere spBCifled Rules, ivory and wood Saddlery and harness Sates and vaults Salt Sand and emery paper and cloth Sand-lime brick Sausage, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establish- ments Saws Scales and balances. Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing machines and attach- ments Shipbuilding, iron and steel Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building Shirts Showcases Signs and advertising novelties. . . Sil^ goods, including throwsters . . Silversmithing and silverware Slaughtering and meat packing. . . Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not from the ore Soap Soda-water apparatus Sporting and athletic goods Springs, steel, car and carriage, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills Stamped and enameled ware, not elsewhere specified Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Statuary and art goods Steam fittings and steam and hot- water heating apparatus Steam packing Stencils and brands Stereotyping and electro typing . . Stoves and hot-air furnaces Stoves, gas and oil Structural ironwork, not made in steel works or rolling mills Sugar, beet Sugar, cane Sugar, refining Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids Surgical appliances Suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods Theatrical scenery Tinfoil CHARACTER OF OWNEKSHIP. Number of estab- lishments owned by- Indi- vidu- als. 78 4 42 38 4 1,802 3 13 1 2 357 35 23 18 1 12 7 688 295 60 410 ISO 30 504 29 100 18 84 6' 102 38 42 72 40 61 21 46' 2 65 Cor- pora- tions, All others 140 01 '"5 43 61 114 244 3 324 34 70 54 44 49 43 11 32 64 17 241 45 243 543 60 494 36 21 27 42 200 39 59 38 230 115 326 7S 17 4 14 19 3 425 2 16 2 2 101 21 11 5 202 256 27 123 179 18 2S1 1 1 Average number of wage earners in estab- lishments owned by— U 17 26 50 2' 9 15 34 51 14 191 Indi- vidu- als. 266 27 319 599 g 3,105 SS7 ! (x) 1,168 140 222 174 (X) U: 2,47; 6,552 362 1,213 8,117 232 3,769 (X) 236 484 60 622 540 60' 406 292 246 169 464 790 134 3, 561 (X) 561 Corpo- rations, All others. 1,693 1,171 3,487 49,413 388 8,266 2,716 4,860 397 630 681 4,120 4,118 3,423 4, US 14,161 33 019 6,948 24,544 1, 7,686 86,033 6, 27.S 91,0,56 17,731 7,S8S 9,61- 2,224 13,039 2,088 4,576 3,4S4 27,748 6,323 1,205 25,771 3,872 238 2,482 27,059 7,411 41,612 7,99: 2,23' 9,809 3,064 3,605 7,968 88 756 61 65 282 208 11 1,599 (X) 131 S8i 27 395 300 127 46 (X) 300 1,556 20,876 227 667 14,020 560 4,00 (X) (x) 125 049 81 404 898 377 325 95 39 .511 1,086 245 1,994 52' 1,444 126 989 "(X) Value of products of establishments owned by- Indi- vidu- ais. Corpo- rations. All others. Expressed in thousands of dollars. 670 817 1,231 2,124 15 11,651 679 160 (X) Cx) 10,991 488 397 308 (X) SI 435 5,163 8,631 974 3,097 16,408 594 69,134 (X) 8,675 3,830 230 1,070 282 1,189 1,336 729 965 694 380 919 2,030 8,822 (X) 3,711 1,480 1,974 "i',si]h 4,192 20, 967 24, 855 220, 783 600 34, 707 6,678 13,656 2,993 957 7,637 11,452 9,093 6,865 21 075 64 973 14,073 42, 819 3,711 19, 670 199,073 17, 635 1,505.177 iU,' 171, s7g SS,638 29, 151 120,009 8,119 11,271 11,028 63, 158 18,352 2,419 61,669 13, 301 62,199 20, 193 144, 534 62,606 15, 080 250, 844 15,215 12,787 18, 801 327 3,800 "" '2,844 38,655 65,i 3,638 384 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914-Contiiiued. [See note at head o[ this table, p. 378.] Tatole 190— Continued. CnABACTER CF OWNERSHIP, Number of estab- lishments owned by- Indi- vidu- als. Tin plate and terneplate _. Tinware, not elsewhere specified. Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff Tobacco , cigars and cigarettes... Tools, not elsewhere specified Toys and games TrunVsand vaUses Turpentine and rosin Type founding Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes Upholstering materials, not else- where specified Varnishes Vault lights and ventilators Vinegar and cider Wall paper, not made in paper mills Wall plaster Washing machines and clothes wringers Waste Watch and clock materials Watch cases Watches Wheelbarrows ■Whips , Windmills Window and door screens and weather strips Window shades and fi.xtures Wire Wire work, including vire rope and cable, not elsewhere speci- fied Wood carpet Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin Wood preserving Wood , turned and carved ...^ Wooden goods, not elsewhere spe- cified Wool pulling Woolscouring Woolshoddy Woolen and worsted goods All other industries i 83 245 11,287 278 111 265 552 9 24 1.58 49 38 14 423 3 21 41 19 13 8 4 7 114 167 3 230 2 Cor- pora- 429 135 11 6 19 146 25 30 168 260 127 170 221 19 75 45 93 159 25 97 44 138 68 39 9 18 11 12 12 19 60 74 47 238 3 76 67 226 88 14 16 30 630 64 All others 43 76 1,552 123 62 126 621 3 8 62 37 18 6 98 1 6 12 15 3 5 9 1 173 2 1.5 124 6 Average number of wage earners in estab- lishments owned by — Indi- vidu- als. 700 732 36,529 1,012 1,030 1,750 8,571 73 126 1,218 401 140 65 382 90 199 111 175 106 14 2 S8 76 54 432 624 32 155 "2"232 776 120 eu 281 8,731 1,746 Corpo- rations. s,sss 20,462 24,538 85, 690 14,775 6,242 6,628 12,812 972 10,913 2,008 3,453 2,526 472 694 4, 5,163 2,139 2,514 530 3,447 12,"* 295 863 1,891 2,502 3,244 17, 372 10, 602 162 2, 383 7,734 5,189 370 515 1, 583 136, 724 12,634 All others. (X) 1,422 710 30, 77: 1,07! 615 1,633 13,434 9 52 1,666 64 153 62 277 34 63 (X) 224 10 260 309 196 730 1^64! 453 218 281 13,237 i:6 Value of products of establishments owned by- Indi- vidu- als. Corpo- rations. All others. Expressed in thousands of dollars. 1,500 2,333 69, 132 1,907 1,723 4,"" 4,731 134 639 3,055 1,044 1,595 213 1,858 644 5.54 992 142 42 6 ee R68 171 939 2,636 74 1,95' 16 486 "3 '499 1,389 1,293 1,2m 1,046 23,678 2,374 68,343 76,640 170,904 196,030 29,887 10,948 17,332 8,402 2,162 23,607 6,118 14,727 30,843 1,740 5,141 15,592 15,771 6,816 14, 755 840 7, 14, 269 886 1,723 5,295 7,626 13,355 81,277 37,880 541 8,759 SI, 066 13, 119 7,947 4,943 3,336 5,178 322,374 36,463 W 3,791 2,044 50,722 2,099 1,086 4,300 7,857 24 254 4,640 720 777 230 1,853 (X) 1,463 490 1,952 W 038 2,429 2,037 (X) 1,483 33, «2 336 1 AU other industries embrace: Cash registers and calculating machines, 52 establishm.ents; grindstones, 14; lard,not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, 6; millstones, 2; oakum, 6; ordnance and accessories, 2; pens, steel, 5; pulp, from fiber other than wood, 3; sewing-machine cases, 4; whalebone cutting, 1. CHAEACTER OF OWNEESHIP. 385 1-1 O •A l-t u o l-H w m M H o o rt H O M ■< W o (0 I- o a o o cc a. u. O u 3 03 CC UJ z cc < 111 UJ < 5 z LlI X (0 _l CO < I- V) UJ ll. o cc UJ ffl z B < 5 " ^ > E-1 'A M cc UJ m Z <" o 1 o !. ^ ^ -5- : 2_^ 1 t -I i- 1 a^ r I - I ^ a> ^ o o 0) o> 09 I O 67031°— 17- -25 386 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS "CLASSIFIED BY CHAEACTEE OF OWNEESHIP, AND AVEEAGE MANUFAOTUEE, FOE EACH CLASS, BY GEOGEAPHIO DlVr- TalOle 191 GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND STATE. United States: 1914 1909 1904 Geographic divisions: New England — 1914 1909 1904 Middle Atlantic— 1914 1909 1904 East North Central— 1914 1909 1904 West North Central- 1914 1904 South Atlantic— 1914 1909 1904 EastSouth Central— 1914 1909 1904 West South Central- 1914 1909 1904 Mountain — 1914 1909 1904 Pacific- 1914 1909 1904 New England: Maine New Hampshire., Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New Yorif New Jersey Pennsylvania.. East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Number of establishments owned by- Individu- als. 142, 436 140, 605 113, 946 12,767 13, 163 11,638 46,819 46, 346 39,640 28,857 30,077 26,024 14,310 14, 296 11, 103 14, 909 14,304 9,502 7,315 7,751 4,740 6,156 4,160 3,108 2,520 1,834 7,865 6,992 6,305 1,894 966 931 5,902 1,109 1,965 26, 031 5,152 15,636 6,959 3,766 9,404 4,282 4,446 2,825 2,805 4,346 418 531 1,478 1,907 Corpora- tions. 78, 151 69, 501 51,097 7,953 7,300 5,672 21, 591 17,785 12, 460 19, 871 17,755 14,093 6,649 4,816 7,532 6,765 4,820 3,673 3,558 2,672 3,633 3,408 2,298 1,969 1,743 1,114 5,030 4,543 3,252 452 390 3,986 713 1,684 11,774 3,166 6,651 5,775 2,680 5,993 2,900 2,623 1,482 1,434 2,601 165 208 570 639 All others. 65, 204 68, 385 51, 137 4,473 4,888 6,069 17, 066 17,184 15, 599 11,168 12, 181 11,637 6,890 6,226 6,573 6,484 7,019 6,242 3,422 4,072 2,398 2,780 1,821 1,002 991 662 3,311 3,044 2,635 655 318 451 2,126 368 556 10,398 1,424 6,234 2,924 1,676 2,991 1,542 2,135 1,667 1,375 1,539 116 169 444 590 Wage earners in establishments owned by- Individu- als. 707,568 804,883 766,923 87,274 100,020 103,203 297, 296 338, 983 323, 868 114,616 131,296 133, 720 38,062 41,351 38,668 82,518 93,361 74,415 35, 220 41,241 31,074 23, 610 28, 284 21,624 6,640 7,227 5,263 22, 442 23, 130 24, 208 8,621 7,648 5,043 44,683 10,512 10,967 168,237 .30,806 98,253 32,628 13,674 40,278 16, 674 11, 462 8,602 7,277 12,832 703 984 2,919 4,836 Corpora- tions. 5,649,646 5,002,393 3,862,698 960,685 898,877 708, 783 1,733,012 1, 489, 889 1, 160, 166 1,474,227 1,261,125 961, 109 316, 467 302, 725 240, 815 524,206 488, 923 1358,566 202,511 188, 652 161,916 171, 491 166, 120 105,364 70,999 64, 156 144,566 196,048 171, 927 121, 428 66, 638 65,742 23,335 502, 727 94, 826 207,417 698,771 313, 171 721,070 449,244 173, 176 437,069 241,829 172,909 75,505 48,385 133, 110 2,366 2,140 20,970 33,991 All others. 679, 123 807,770 849,762 92,274 102,393 128,766 325,632 378,875 402,542 91,438 121,343 129,699 27,076 30,261 32,878 78,618 100,741 89,630 26,647 31,879 28,240 16,939 20,116 16,582 3,474 4,053 2,971 17,025 18,109 18, 441 6,990 5,703 4,326 69,288 8,087 7,880 190,849 29,628 105, 155 28,563 10,753 29,596 12,687 9,939 8,827 7,451 6,240 206 664 1,255 2,433 1 Includes 3 establishments of the group "All others.' CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. 387 NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY SIONS FOR 1914, 1909, AND 1904, AND BY STATES FOR 1914. CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Value of products of establishments owned by- Individuals. Corporations. $1,925,618,298 2,042,061,500 1,702,830,624 $20,181,279,071 16,341,116,634 10,904,069,307 All others. $2,139,637,355 2,288,873,736 2,187,002,632 Value added by manufactixre in establishments owned by — Individuals. Corporations. All others $903,524,881 968,824,072 824,292,887 $8,092,886,971 6,682,207,117 4,626,056,153 $881,935,041 978, 229, 803 943,346,713 217,020,541 232,733,637 219,705,940 835,065,624 903,266,088 737,324,146 361,863,793 374,810,768 317,086,630 133,583,366 143, 263, 021 118,090,743 149,542,786 149,029,496 117,077,695 60,570,461 72,168,688 65,320,418 57,861,759 62,574,834 53,313,873 23,287,820 22,182,329 16,545,796 86,722,158 82,032,749 69,366,384 2,455,017,679 2,173,070,560 1,609,467,641 6,187,127,321 5,133,389,739 3,417,242,344 5,846,641,117 4,434,329,994 2,913,000,832 1,743,667,238 1,513,683,331 1,044,006,687 1,374,964,232 1,089,302,614 1701,534,357 582,699,672 494,623,131 349,227,144 690,708,625 609,339,325 315,236,430 401,352,064 328,459,829 1230,401,412 900,111,323 696,018,111 423,992,769 254,637,272 264,261,017 296,834,956 1,031,451,020 1,105,105,475 1,063,699,446 334,755,643 402,561,412 376,281,670 154,951,673 147,052,198 122,349,472 158,492,081 172,854,100 155,416,363 57,398,003 63,696,274 59,788,249 63,967,947 63, 528, 886 46,681,179 12,928,026 13,353,440 8,716,067 81,055,690 66,460,934 58, 200, 141 103,477,799 112,908,962 106,833,468 386,928,960 424,776,302 363,947,341 163,296,078 167, 870, 784 151,986,638 61,529,877 62,699,219 51,061,709 72,811,615 75,439,938 59,960,439 32,303,023 40,107,574 29,859,968 27,986,939 31,434,661 25,837,178 12,310,269 12,493,789 8,771,244 42,881,321 41,193,853 ■ 37,035,002 1,062,661,397 966,012,379 679,504,971 2,547,374,814 ?, 078, 262, 639 1,438,265,811 2,444,587,165 1,843,830,693 1,250,309,920 528,489,885 455, 459, 503 328,621,966 534,192,346 434,280,650 1289,831,200 256,174,065 222,304,156 154,043,619 226, 827, 766 188,485,184 122,510,647 147, 120, 128 116,507,479 1 88, 139, 454 346,668,405 278,064,534 174,940,797 102,972,234 114,846,905 124,387,096 438,347,520 479, 225, 632 464,057,615 139,339,693 165,628,692 157, 534, 743 44,331,767 43,984,725 42,851,485 72,926,772 81,461,360 74,135,005 26,180,124 31,913,112 28,276,861 20,816,680 23,392,104 20,051,424 5,923,677 7,302,098 4,940,219 31,097,784 30,575,175 27, 100, 143 19,292,277 17, 862, 406 12,202,958 117,430,275 23,460,462 26,772,163 509,989,016 75,086,243 249,990,365 89,037,502 40,198,487 127,740,861 50, 886, 390 54,000,563 31,330,736 24,679,748 40,642,260 3,262,469 3,461,258 11,961,590 18,455,306 165, 119, 856 151,189,609 52,864,963 1,349,811,377 237,242,698 498,799,077 ■2,617,020,963 1,250,439,769 2,319,666,599 1,601,796,776 653,169,994 2,021,734,391 986,655,727 682,284,229 412,386,480 236,916,163 574,836,664 16, 140, 195 13,293,057 203,388,663 287,697,026 16,037,986 13,791,848 11,933,053 174,131,395 18,842,713 19,900,277 687,651,145 81,107,402 262,692,473 91,974,001 37,426,640 97,847,567 48,620,315 58,887,220 49,636,921 50,255,063 22,573,204 1,744,767 7,384,251 6,275,605 17,081,862 9,044,176 8,071,648 5,494,044 56,899,973 10,680,984 13,286,974 240,380,003 35,962,107 110,586,850 43,252,437 19,934,834 59,944,311 23,702,717 16,460,779 13,916,219 11,841,659 19,917,674 1,411,693 1, 822, 526 5, 108, 864 7,511,242 66,934,524 53,676,658 24,417,055 583,647,372 99,633,835 234,542,053 1,173,520,708 463,269,516 920,684,591 678,903,025 269, 146, 808 801,512,576 446,934,431 248,090,325 129,801,764 80, 246, 141 219,858,713 4,635,127 3,903,733 40,021,715 60,023,692 6,816,609 6,202,222 4,374,155 69,541,909 6,905,835 9,131,601 292,153,042 33,937,198 112, 267, 280 39,870,802 17, 866, 222 45,682,525 22,724,220 13, 205, 824 12,786,939 13,211,836 9,460,882 616, 296 1,332,950 2,371,685 4,651,270 388 CENSUS OF MANXJFACrUBES : 1914:. ■ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED BY CHARACTEH OP OWNEESHIP, AND AVEEAGE MANUFACTURE, FOR EACH CLASS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVI- Tal)le 191— Continued. GEOGKAPHIO DIVISION AND STATE. CHAEACTEK OF OWNEESHIP. Number of establishments owned by- Wage earners in establishments owned by- Individu- als. Corpora- tions. All others. Individu- als. Corpora^ tions. All others. 1 Sooth Atlantic: 439 2,879 268 3,005 1,304 2,680 905 2,159 1,210 2,131 2,418 1,688 1,180 1,327 975 1,533 2,651 531 373 186 1,123 196 144 472 83 1,714 1,062 5,089 240 1,004 153 1,162 905 1,444 642 1,354 628 1,166 1,150 874 493 598 900 549 1,486 266 187 102 709 123 122 390 70 1,464 710 2,866 129 914 93 1,281 540 1,383 338 1,126 680 897 1,207 782 536 679 336 436 947 142 138 49 294 49 56 247 27 661 648 2,102 2,274 15,831 2,041 16,424 5,060 14,620 4,721 12,543 9,004 8,368 9,719 9,885 7,248 5,850 6,083 3,008 8,669 1,105 720 265 2,703 415 371 895 166 4,643 2,678 16,121 18,298 68,380" 6,966 77,015 62, 436 112,215 64,746 80,181 34,970 50,743 55,808 61,057 34, 903 31,619 66,294 13, 037 60,541 12,179 7,238 2,664 23,738 3,213 6,299 12,233 3,435 59, 171 24, 047 112,830 1,683 27,374 871 9,381 3,682 10,009 2,447 11,737 11,634 5,475 8,846 7,776 4,651 4,510 5,288 1,398 5,743 420 961 60 837 148 228 766 64 ' 3,391 2,104 11,630 ? 3 4 District ol Columbia ■i 6 Soutli Carolina 8 9 Florida 10 11 East South Central: Kentucl^y .«-.'.. r^ Alabama n 14 West South Centeal: Arkansas T) 1(1 17 IS MotWT.UN: Ifl '>n "^1 Colorado 00 New Mexico 01, 04 Utah 0'^ Nevada "6 Pjcific: ?S CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. 389 NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY SIGNS FOR 1914, 1909, AND 1904, AND BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. CHAKACTEK OF OWNEESHIP. Value of products of establishments owned by- Value added by manufacture in owned by- establishments Individuals. Corporations. All others. Individuals. Corporations. All others. . $5,525,459 $45,743,406 $4,766,101 $1,981,816 $20,808,563 $1,595,332 1 44,428,028 264,857,410 68,463,640 18,898,828 89,891,117 29,987,160 2 6,080,976 21,368,263 2,529,012 2,646,784 12,333,520 1,758,814 3 28,582,669 212,663,891 22,802,481 13,272,563 86,910,909 8,536,003 4 11,258,667 171,832,947 10,420,178 6,312,364 72,014,847 6,161,406 5 21,714,263 249, 417, 509 18,280,215 10,510,903 100,684,122 8,274,991 6 6,992,528 129,481,783 3,416,891 3,404,992 42,660,128 1,817,086 7 15,877,335 221,271,069 16,122,107 8,955,495 75,891,472 8,334,935 8 11,082,871 58,337,964 11,691,456 6,827,880 32,997,678 7,471,045 9 18,242,158 196,442,537 15,564,214 9,423,405 99,859,080 6,137,201 10 19,752,525 167,891,900 24,427,064 9,382,796 69,002,794 10,265,764 U 13,061,732 165,384,188 10,351,713 7,533,722 67,963,547 5,888,930 12 9,514,036 62,981,047 7,056,012 5,963,100 28,348,644 3,898,229 13 10,441,214 65,748,024 7,751,349 5,503,614 29,361,687 4,178,478 14 14,565,127 222,568,108 18,189,413 6,253,106 86,097,952 5,075,663 15 8,048,451 88,689,116 5,268,126 4,124,629 24,674,748 2,236,666 16 24,816,967 313,703,277 22,759,059 12,105,590 86,703,379 9,326,073 17- 3,637,211 79,314,173 1,494,752 2,131,135 34,794,013 777,002 18 2,741,997 22,699,885 3,011,915 1,449,006 10,741,370 1,371,327 19 1,047,367 9,553,365 622,693 622, 229 4,945,140 196,669 20 9,073,660 124,513,226 3,252,435 4,872,650 40,704,805 1,606,564 21 1,380,833 7,380,655 568,579 607,472 4,091,305 191,166 22 1,194,444 61,914,538 980,528 671,679 23, 688, 319 446,474 23 3,423,648 81,027,569 2,661,143 1,684,696 21,883,921 1,310,563 24 788,670 14,948,653 345,981 371, 402 6,271,255 123, 832 25 17,304,674 216,661,919 11,359,863 8,556,296 94,701,780 5,459,072 26 9,860,214 91,351,338 8,660,399 6,383,622 37 471,141 3,649,367 27 69,557,270 592,098,066 61,145,428 28,941,404 " 214,396,484 21,989,345 28 Chapter VII.— ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SIZE. The tendency of manufacturing to become concentrated in large establishments, or the reverse, is a matter of interest from the standpoint of industrial organization. In order to throw some light upon this subject, statistics are presented for establishments grouped (1) according to value of products, and (2) according to average number of wage earners. Classified according to value of products per establishmeiit. — Table 192 presents for 1914, 1909, and 1904, a classification of establishments according to value of prod- ucts, for all industries in the United States combined. It shows the number of es- tablishments in each of the classes distinguished, and gives for each class the average number of wage earners, the value of products, and the value added by manufacture, together with the percentage of the respective totals represented by each group. Tatole 192 VALUE OF PKODUCT. All classes: 1914 1909 1904 Less than 16,000: 1914 1909 1904 t5,000 to $20,000: 1914 1909 1904 t20,000 to $100,000: 1914 1909 1904 $100,000 to S1,000,000: 1914 1909 1904 $1,000,000 and over: 1914 1909 1904 Average per establishment: 1914 1909 1904 ESTABLISH- MENTS. Num- ber. 275, 791 268,491 216, 180 97,061 93, 349 71,147 87,931 86,988 72, 791 66, 814 57, 270 48,090 30, 160 27, 824 22,246 3,819 3,000 1,900 Per cent distri- bu- tion. 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.2 34.8 32.9 31. 9| 32.4! 33. 7| 20.6' 21.3 22.2 10. 10.4 10.3 1.4 1.1 0.9 WAGE EARNERS. Average number. 7, 036, 337 6, 615, 046 5,468,383 129,623 142,430 100,353 429,037 470,006 419,466 999, 600 1,090,449 1,027,047 3, 002, 071 2, 896, 632 2,516,064 2,476,006 2,015,629 1,400,463 26.5 24.6 25.3 Per cent distri- bu- tion. 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.8 2.2 1.9 6.1 7.1 7.7 14.2 16.5 18.8 42.7 43.8 46.0 36.2 30.6 25.6 $24,246,434,724 20, 672, 061, 870 14,793,902,563 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 233,381,081 222,463,847 176,128,212 905,693,168 904,645,664 751,047,759 2,550,229,411 2,544,426,711 2, 129, 267, 883 8,763,070,135 7,946,935,256 6, 109, 012, 638 11,794,060,929 9,063,580,393 5, 028, 466, 171 87, 916 76, 993 68, 433 Per cent distri- bu- tion. 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 3.7 4.4 5.1 10.5 12.3 14. 36.1 38.4 41.3 48.6 43.8 38.0 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. Amount. $9,878,345,893 100.0 8,529,260,992 100.0 6,293,694,753 100.0 Per cent distri- bu- tion. 151,739,764 1.5 144, 246, 008 1. 7 114,781,124; 1.8 507,430,875' 5.1 509,907,934' 6.0 424,129,643 6.7 1,238,879,430 1,258,317,991 1, 090, 271, 887 12.5 14.8 17.3 3,888,091^982 39.4 3,672,746,038 41.9 2,782,641,883 44.2 4,092,200,842 3,044,043,021 1, 881, 870, 216 41.4 3S.7 29.9 35, 818 . 31,767i. 29,113'. Of the 275,791 estabHshmonts reported as engaged in manufacturing industries in 1914, there were 3,819, or 1.4 per cent, whose products were valued at more than $1,000,000 each. The corresponding figures for 1909 were 3,060 establishments out of 268,491, or 1.1 per cent. While these establishments represented a very small pro- portion of the total number of establishments, they gave employment to a considerable proportion of all the wage earners reported, namely, 35.2 per cent in 1914, 30.5 per cent in 1909, and 25.6 per cent in 1904. The value of products of such establishments represented 48.7 per cent of the total value of products in 1914, 43.8 per cent in 1909, and 38 per cent in 1904. (390) ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOEDING TO SIZE. 391 The figures indicate that establishments of this class produced a considerably larger proportion of the manufactures of the country in 1909 than in 1904, and a still larger proportion in 1914 than in 1909. It should be noted that the increased proportion is due partly to the fact that certain establishments included in the other groups in 1904 were included in this group in 1909 or 1914, as the result of an increase in the value of their output. In 1914 establishments with a product valued at between $100,000 and $1,000,000 gave employment to 42.7 per cent of the wage earners, and the value-of their products formed 36.1 per cent of the total. Although the number of establishments in this class and in the class comprising establishments with products valued at $1,000,000 or over combined was only 33,985, or 12.3 per cent of the total number, these establishments employed 5,478,077 wage earners, or 77.9 per cent of the average number employed in all establishments, and reported products to the value of $20,557,131,064, or 84.8 per cent of the total for the United States. Establishments with products in 1914 valued at less than $5,000 formed about one-third of the total number, but gave employment to only 1.8 per cent of the wage earners and reported only 1 per cent of the total value of products. In this class of establishments much of the work is done by the proprie- tors and firm members. During the decade the average value of products per establishment increased from $68,433 in 1904 to $76,993 in 1909 and to $87,916 in 1914, and the average value added by manufacture from $29,113 to $31,767 and to $35,818 in the order named. These changes can scarcely be taken as in themselves indicating a tendency toward concen- tration, since the increased values shown are due in part to the increase that has taken place in the prices of commodities. The average number of wage earners per estab- lishment was practically the same at the three censuses. Classified according to number of wage earners per establishment. — The best classi- fication of establishments to bring out the feature of size is a classification according to the number of wage earners employed. The following table shows the total number of establishments in the United States in 1914 and 1909, grouped according to the average number of wage earners employed, and the average number of wage earners employed in each group of establishments, with the corresponding percentages. TaltJle 193 NUMBER or ESTABLISHMENTS. WAGE EARNERS (AVERAGE NUMBER). PER CENT OF TOTAL. WAGE EARNERS PER ESTABUSHMENT. Establish- ments. Wage earners. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 All establishments . . . 275,791 268,491 7,036,337 6,615,046 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 32, 856 140,971 64,379 22,932 11, 079 8,470 3,108 1,348 648 27,712 136,289 67, 198 23,544 10,964 8,116 2,905 1,223 540 11.9 51.1 19.7 8.3 4.0 3.1 1.1 0.5 0.2 10.3 50.8 21.3 8.8 4.1 3.0 1.1 0.5 0.2 317,216 606,694 742,529 791,726 1,321,077 1,075,108 926,828 1,256,259 311,704 640, 793 764,408 782,298 1,268,639 1, 006, 457 837,473 1,013,274 4.5 8.6 10.6 11.3 18.8 15.3 13.2 17.8 4.7 6 to 20 wage earners 21 to 50 wage earners 51 to 100 wage earners 101 to 250 "Wage earners 251 to 500 wage earners 501 to 1,000 wage earners.... Over 1,000 wage earners — 9.7 11.6 11.8 19.0 15.2 12.7 16.3 Of the 275,791 manufacturing establishments in 1914, 32,856, or 11.9 per cent, em- ployed no wage earners, the proprietors, firm members, or salaried employees performing all the labor. In some of these establishments the number of wage earners employed was so small or the time of employment so short that in computing the average the number *as less than one person and the establishment was classed as one having ' ' no wage earners." The 195,350 establishments reporting an average of from 1 to 20 wage earners, although forming 70.8 per cent of the total number, gave employment to only 13.1 per cent of the wage earners. On the other hand, the 1,996 establishments that employed more than 500 wage earners formed only 0.7 percent of the total number of establishments in 1914, but gave employment to an average of 2,182,087 wage earners, or 31 per cent of the total number. The group of establishments having from 1 to 5 wage earners comprised 140,971 establishments, or 51.1 per cent of the total number, but gave employment to only 4.5 per cent of the wage earners. The group of establishments having over 1,000 wage earners, however, which comprised only 648 establishments, or 0.2 per cent of 392 CENSUS OF MANUFACrURES : 1914. the total number, gave employment to 1,255,259 wage earners, or 17.8 per cent of the total. Classified according to size lor individual industries. — Table 194 shows for 332 industries, for 1914, the number of establishments in each of five groups, classified according to value of products, and gives for each group the average number of wage earners, the value of products, and the value added by manufacture. A few industries distinguished by the Census Bureau in other tables are included in "all other indus- tries ' ' in this table in order to avoid disclosing individual operations. Classified according to size, by divisions and states. — Statistics for establishments grouped according to vakie of products are given, for all manufacturing industries combined, by states, for 1914, and by geographic divisions, for 1914, 1909, and 1904, in Table 195. Classified by number of wage earners, for individual industries. — Table 196 gives statistics for the establishments in individual industries, classified according to the average number of wage earners employed. The table presents such statistics for the 340 industries in the United States for which separate figures can be given, and contains both absolute numbers and percentages. Classified by number of wage earners, by divisions and states. — Table 197 presents statistics, by states, for 1914 and by geographic divisions, for 1914 and 1909, for the establishmentain all industries combined, classified according to the average number of wage earners employed. The following statement gives the percentage that the number of wage earners reported for each group of establishments is of the total for all establishments in the different geographic divisions for the censuses of 1914 and 1909. PER CENT OF TOTAL AVEEAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EAEMEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING SPECIFIED NUMBEE. 1 to 5 6 to 20 21 to 60 61 to 100 101 to 250 261 to 600 601 to 1,000 Over 1,000 United States: 1914 4.5 4.7 8.6 9.7 10.6 11.6 11.3 11.8 18.8 19.0 15.3 1.5.2 13.2 12.7 17 8 1909 15 3 Geographic divisions: New England— 1914 2.3 2.5 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.4 8.8 9.1 5.3 5.2 7.5 8.1 7.3 7.8 9.1 9.4 8.2 7.9 5.3 6.8 8.7 9.2 7.1 8.3 11.4 11.8 11.2 12.8 12.4 15.8 12.6 16.3 11.4 12.9 14.0 10.5 7.2 7.9 11.7 12.5 9.5 10.6 12.2 12.2 11.3 13.0 13.6 14.7 12.6 14.7 9.4 10.0 13.2 15.2 8.8 8.7 12.0 12.6 11.3 11.9 11.4 11.9 11.6 12.6 13.0 13.8 11.9 -11.6 9.7 11.6 12.5 14.3 16.6 17.1 18.6 18.8 19.0 20.3 16.6 17.0 21.2 19.6 19.7 19.8 21.7 21.3 19.0 17.2 22.6 21.0 15.3 15.9 14.7 14.8 15.9 15.4 14.2 14.6 15.8 16.3 16.2 14.2 16.6 15.2 15.2 17.2 15.7 16.1 16.0 14.9 12.4- 12.3 13.7 14.0 13.3 11.6 11.7 13.1 10.4 8.7 12.3 6.8 18.0 14.8 9.6 6.8 28 5 1909 27 2 Middle Atlantic— 1914 18.1 1909 15.7 East North Central- 1914 . 19 5 1909 15.1 West North Central— 1914 12 1 1909 11 9 South Atlantic— 1914 1909 8 4 East South Central— 1914 1909 West South Central— 1914 5.0 0.5 8.3 7.0 4.2 3.1 1909 Mountain— 1914 1909 Pacific— 1914 1909 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOEDING TO SIZE. 393 ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS: 1914 AND 1909. WAGE EARNERS PER ESTABLISHMENT NONE I TO 5 6 TO 20 21 TO 50 51 TO 100 101 TO 250 251 TO 500 501 TO 1 000 OVER 1000 '///////M'7Z^^?777. 7A NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS THOUSANDS 50 100 m 150 NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS THOUSANDS 500 1000 1500 1)914 ^^^1909 394 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914, ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCOUDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, "WITH AVER- MANUFACTURE, FOR EACH [Note.— In some industries, in order to avoid disclosing tlie returns for individual establishments, the those for some one of the larger groups. In such cases an (x) is placed in the column from which the printed in italics. In the totals for all industries combined, shown in Table 192, each estabhshment in this tabic, except number of establishments, does not equal the total.] Tat>ie 194 Aeroplanes and parts Afiricultural implements Aluminum ware Ammunition Artificial flowers Artificial limbs Artificial stone products Artists' materials Asbestos products, not including steam packing. Automobile bodies and parts Automobile repairing Automobiles Awnings, tents, and sails Babbitt metal and solder Bags, other than ^aper Ba^, paper, not including bags made in paper mills. Baking powders and yeast Baskets, and rattan and willow ware. .. Bells Belting and hose, rubber Belting and hose, woven Belting, leather Billiard tables and materials Blacking, stains, and dressings Bluing Bone, carbon, and lamp black Bookbinding and blank-book making. . Boot and shoe cut stock, exclusive of that produced in boot and shoe fac- tories. Boot and shoe findings, exclusive of those produced in boot and shoe fac^ toi'ies. Boots and shoes Boots and shoes, rubber Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Boxes, wooden packing Brass, bronze, and copper products Bread and other bakery products Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products. Brooms Brushes - Butter Butter, reworking Buttons Candles Canning and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, fruits and vege- tables. Canmng and preserving, oysters Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not madeinpapermills Carpets and rugs, other than rag CarpetSj rag Carriage and wagon materials Carriages and sleds, children's Carriages, wagons , and repairs Cars and general shop construction and repairs by electric-railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PEODtTCT bP— 7 2 55 76 ,485 13 207 1,662 11 323 14 21 48 237 2 10 15 70 37 3 399 31 79 75 302 214 8,414 901 437 95 249 1 61 1,374 9 17 324 126 19 2,130 164 44 ^"^ 129 9 4 75 61 870 12 7 315 1,344 41 372 21 31 5 48 20 64 IS 7 414 42 110 210 1 68 248 261 296 13,634 1,031 264 135 1,223 2 162 3 90 25 115 112 18 1,767 242 164 5 142 11 7 65 15 179 12 259 257 78 163 39 25 15 20 74 11 54 15 56 8 11 233 78 118 303 2 88 657 356 309 3,354 961 142 91 2,428 3 144 7 25 13 10 26 22 147 23 629 176 oo 1 125 6 15 22 1 14 7 161 20 100 30 29 29 27 20 12 3 10 13 35 2 16 3 6 76 73 57 567 5 23 157 249 145 529 344 25 35 443 9 42 4 94 2S6 2 7 49 2 71 31 166 70 137 15 7 122 ■WAGE EARNERS IN ES- TABLISHMENTS "WITH PEODTJCT OF— 176 13 Cx) 87 62 2,713 9 14 244 2,128 41 344 5 19 40 255 (X) 11 17 52 34 7 743 46 108 250 119 203 459 200 8,806 2,641 369 116 124 146 2,920 33 426 145 24 2,697 344 115 23 653 66 U 676 177" 3,719 63 31 1,465 6,208 176 1,330 32 113 62 58 896 (X) 102 76 117 65 19 3,300 261 592 1,556 (^x) 626 2,655 1,749 1,263 36, 148 10,848 1,122 662 1,399 6c) 1,488 7 604 6,663 315 119 71 923 625 100 9,013 1,842 1,584 I ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOKDING TO SIZE. 395 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY ! CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914. figures for certain groups (represented by only one or two establishments) have been consolidated with figures have been omitted, and the figures for the group with which they have been consolidated aro is classified under its proper group; consequently the sum of the figures presented in any given column WAGE EARN- ERS IN ES- TABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— VALTJE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— IS- VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOR ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— 3» wS Expressed in thousands. (X) 14,601 1,021 1,939 2,137 (X) 976 287 787 18,499 1,459 8,236 1,420 469 2,033 1,989 957 930 289 941 743 1,212 i,sor 82 221 If, 192 2,999 2,744 85,018 1,449 2,611 19,819 23,627 13, 198 35,618 61,2m 1,708 2,914 5,727 122 7,696 283 f!,5Sg 21,985 485 W SiS 7,326 ^x) 7,185 6,m 13,405 12,462 168,586 30,367 3,258 22,707 Mj'ios 386 6,672 1,180 1,056 $15 408 19 (X) 124 180 4,978 34 21 583 4,727 32 833 11 107 400 4,174 1,279 1,181 (X) (X) -3,254 1,176 96, 271 17, 192 ^^3 34 161 78 13 1,071 362 3,929 3,747 20, 806 15, 934 1,360 1,222 155 161 197 756 563 24,947 2,359 873 239 740 (X) 5,400 (X) 23,290 413 (X) 122 2,568 30 51 X) (x) 6,408 6,596 154,803 134 $45 1,336 102 BS 815 549 8,020 137 72 3,314 12,234 501 3,778 261 310 81 276 1,017 (X) 73 560 203 572 178 88 4,250 454 1,172 2,226 (X) 731 3,108 3,008 3,338 135,696 10,994 2,604 1,399 16, 106 (fx) 1,736 1,011 9,043 291 279 104 626 1,057 300 1,238 51 209 5,414 17,138 447 2,554 1,865 *rso 6,845 473 391 2,996 169 6,599 528 463 11, 991 9,280 3,958 7,171 1,816 1,206 807 1,039 2,822 37S 696 2,891 637 2,648 358 448 9,964 3,828 5,527 16,506 nj, 3,756 26,092 17, 345 14,059 121, 617 44, 704 5,877 4.125 104,748 1S2 6,197 500 4,654 29,443 1,150 73Jt S90 1,662 1,104 6,948 1,181 21,632 7,029 19, 548 (X) $43,067 2,942 6,060 3,679 (X) 2,337 2,539 2,258 49,351 3,679 37,913 6,356 8,159 11,119 9,425 6,589 2,339 593 4,526 3,671 10,316 (X) 8,501 570 916 2£,S20 26,946 12,658 214,095 3,469 3,689 34,322 56,395 44, 778 141,969 77,884 4,731 8,419 101,303 2,242 12,367 1,202 U,SU 77,248 768 (X) S,780 18, 444 (X) le.sss 10, sw 41, 138 18,488 237, 178 S112,431 16, 062 24,337 460,827 8,906 66,366 7,279 14,328 19,035 9,235 4,osi (X) (X) 29,651 8,730 268, 571 50,180 10, 992 10, 063 99, 462 67, 664 (X) 3,713 20, 482 3,445 (X) 30,873 48^918 21,376 10,058 $12 250 11 (X) 86 141 :,980 21 14 397 ,688 1 466 20 57 273 (X) 17 22 94 46 8 894 46 126 226 84 123 433 326 11,383 1,790 449 150 141 291 (X) 56 1,130 12 39 497 183 32 ,686 253 82 $32 742 57 4,856 84 36 2,183 8,799 168 1,959 93 136 51 124 675 (X) 239 131 292 85 54 3,329 191 566 1,234 (X) 384 1,805 1,479 1,754 68,938 8,140 1,220 762 2,337 (X) 1,119 U 414 3,186 129 163 67 816 655 115 11,212 1,411 1,202 tei2 3,789 279 161 1,718 845 3,839 252 185 7,035 6,062 1,640 3,147 490 387 265 446 1,651 185 286 920 295 1,165 168 285 6,798 1,225 1,805 7,313 88 1,839 13, 962 7,509 6,639 48, 781 30, 598 2,544 2,107 12,079 40 3,613 150 1,816 9,778 603 4Sl 297 630 7M 3,142 612 11,862 4,024 12, 159 (X) $23, 497 1,372 2,437 2,099 (X) 1,355 816 1,219 25, 186 2,218 13, 873 2,411 1,699 2,157 2,734 3,193 980 346 1,731 1,255 3,455 (X) s,mi 396 430 13,749 4,082 81, 835 1,506 1,760 17, 738 21,110 16,901 62,231 51,871 1,987 4,041 13,518 401 6,987 451 9,358 22,975 (X) 1,091 6,871 (X) 7,sm 5,311 17,906 9,825 133,986 $62,300 3,468 11,933 31,191 194,949 1,326 9,320 2,345 7,624 2,923 1,958 (X) (X) 2,970 1,402 100, 795 28,292 4,815 3,195 21, 193 36,303 (X) 1,508 2,768 369 (X) 8,814 (X) 19,290 9,858 6,454 122, 784 396 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXJEES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH AVER- MANUFACTURE, FOE EACH CLASS, [See note at head of this table, pp. 394 and 395.] Table lad— Continued. Cars, electric-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not including op- erations of railroad companies. Cement Charcoal, not Including production in the lumber and wood distillation in- dustries. Cheese Chemicals China decorating, not including that done in potteries. Chocolate and cocoa products, not in- cluding confectionery. Cleansing and polishing preparations . . Clocks Clothj sponging and refinishing Clothmg, horse Clothing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonlioles Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers- goods. Coke, not including gas-house coke Collars and cuffs, men's Combs and hairpins, not made from metal or rubber. Condensed milk and milk products, otiier than butter and cheese. Confectionery and ice cream Cooperage Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work Cordage and twine Cordials and flavoring sirups Cork, cutting . . ." Corsets Cotton goods Cotton lace Cotton small wares , Crucibles Cutlery and edge tools , Dairymen's, poultrymen's, and apia- rists* supplies. Dental goods Drug grinding Druggists' preparations , Dyemg and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. DyestufEs and extracts Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Electroplating Emery and other abrasive wheels E nameling Engines, steam, gas, and water Engravers' materials Engraving and diesinking Engraving, steel and copper plate, in- cluding plate printing. Engraving, wood Envelopes E xplosives Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified- . Feathers and plumes Felt goods NUMEEK OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PKODUOT OF— 297 63 30 210 13 6 3 930 109 633 64 38 7 6 5 1,499 421 1,751 7 35 13 41 11 2 112 48 222 10 40 71 1 348 136 51 5 6 165 48 2 1,976 51 13 118 9 19 4 1,671 27 1,427 156 64 18 5 19 1,869 470 1,852 11 40 11 31 29 6 25 1 66 60 70 3 103 100 19 249 212 13 18 101 5 115 154 18 14 11 159 63 2 762 103 7 56 11 24 17 1,328 3 2,168 218 101 91 11 25 52 1,007 251 773 26 44 12 42 184 7 42 3 65 59 40 12 125 195 37 292 41 15 13 135 4 20 133 93 15 il 46 47 144 1 20 12 12 1,307 235 S3 92 10 17 431 115 147 48 18 14 42 768 24 31 6 58 35 66 139 6 127 3 3 22 2 40 66 35 35 33 4 13 5 2 11 187 3 2 WAGE EAENEES IN ES- TABLISHMENTS WITH PEODUCI OF— 132 69 40 (X) 100 19 15 6 3,875 266 2,178 36 42 20 12 11 (X) 1,212 467 1,919 8 23 12 70 18 (X) 15 104 78 3 204 326 4 73 89 (X) 287 158 46 14 g 266 84 (X) 25 68 146 1,315 171 64 (X) 251 42 166 29 24,273 251 14, 691 269 294 129 51 116 5,489 1,877 7,299 68 80 36 199 266 S9 152 (X) 428 236 279 30 292 • 866 1,329 1,273 73 134 590 -«0 634 1,070 130 18 870 365 281 (X) 970 1,066 i91 12 384 378 34, 780 165 46, 728 895 1,937 2,188 441 905 11,633 4,265 10,311 758 285 270 1,241 7,061 202 1,299 41 2,448 1,135 494 108 1,241 6,360 308 6,867 765 267 310 3,063 35 384 2,071 (X) 733 255 3,047 1,657 232 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOEDIXG TO SIZE. 397 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EAENEKS, VALUE OF PRODUfTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. [See note at head of tliis table, pp. 394 and 395.] WAGE EAEN- EES IN ES- TABLISHMENTS ■WITH PRODUCT OF— 1,396 7,484 13,373 491 7,900 (^) 1,070 2,722 i,se6 61,095 4,433 7,19S 8,045 2,421 1,742 3,990 35,079 10,6S9 7,781 5,214 200 S,1S6 7,722 165, 191 4,587 6,1S2 261 10, 492 2,465 734 91i 2,837 22,034 2,124 33, 223 220 SMS 797 14,751 51 231 s,5eo IBS 4,784 2,850 S,B2e 2,377 S,794 ©ft rt 2,377 46,301 14, 187 23, 105 3,068 (X) 3,663 (X) 49, 724 (^) 10, 725 7,175 1,683 10,621 (^) 1,404 9,721 341 (X) 11,264 206, 840 2,612 3,089 1,637 1,518 4, 808 20,078 355 77, 455 (X) ii,'i(54 (X) 1,309 3,175 (X) VALUE OF PnODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — $11 75 982 138 70 (X) 409 41 21 10 2,482 240 1,749 146 81 20 15 10 (X) 3,911 1,060 4,634 17 90 23 116 23 (X) 17 157 145 128 10 262 141 11 440 588 23 101 183 (X) 713 343 112 13 13 4)4 126 (X) VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOR ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF^ Expressed in thousands. S51 100 23,319 613 127 (X) 1,182 104 230 37 17,587 208 15,368 1,806 705 238 67 206 97 19, 167 4,874 18,332 133 420 97 311 381 H 268 (X) 625 622 746 48 1,122 1,213 217 2,786 2,067 156 177 1,148 48 1,046 1,725 170 169 136 1,674 686 18 $113 860 468 (X) 22,372 5,719 630 102 2,724 549 1,281 912 61, 430 189 108, 430 10, 809 5,103 4,679 598 1,522 2,974 42,692 11,489 31,199 1,622 2,462 549 2,142 11,818 376 2,201 198 3,514 2,896 1,828 420 5,825 10, 123 1,861 1-4,212 1,361 732 497 6,888 244 669 3,403 (X) 1,450 1,587 6,032 4,111 $3,474 19,459 42,029 (X) 5,072 49,506 (x) 7,414 Jt,8S7 4,444 (X) 4, we 228,983 305,521 72,964 30, 286 3,260 3,741 47,098 118,999 S2,B94 34,022 14, 106 3,544 7, me 15, 762 282, 266 8,379 9,040 1,690 14, 237 4,597 7,802 16,242 42,463 13, 564 91,629 767 e,S19 1,391 37,073 476 706 8,315 4S7 12, 528 17,390 9,838 6,629 12,807 36,908 174, 406 59, 149 102,077 28, 197 (X) 6,893 (X) 147, 730 42,821 65,023 (X) 64, 152 14,691 18,991 42, 159 (X) 6,704 43, 883 8,800 (X) 22,220 382,081 4,400 (X) 7,009 6,328 8,862 (X) 24, 669 65,351 4,967 226,203 (X) '26,828' (X) 4,321 22,307 (X) (X) 127 85 50 (X) 264 29 20 6 2,200 217 1,352 63 52 7 11 (X) 1,976 480 2,972 6 47 13 80 13 (X) 109 91 81 8 165 108 6 255 484 13 86 121 (X) 652 294 102 10 2 289 79 (X) S32 57 ise 2,143 299 80 (X) 661 60 220 24 15,040 183 10, 693 607 401 90 46 114 S9 8,927 1,965 10,893 40 201 49 217 134 S2 114 (X) 456 352 442 36 596 842 110 1,716 1,660 83 133 681 S9 912 1,341 146 103 34 930 414 7 S63 425 228 (X) 1,986 3,103 S87 37 1,453 351 1,180 300 34, 950 148 61,749 2,890 2,533 1,662 405 742 645 17,489 4,364 15, 928 - 508 1,050 233 1,218 3,988 157 1,021 103 2,447 1,369 867 215 2,982 5,390 670 7,952 1,011 388 278 3,875 73 519 2,551 (X) 720 572 3,314 1,994 351 SI, 434 7,922 20, 734 (x) 730 19,017 (X) 1,950 2,592 (X) 1,2SS 103,015 138, 353 16,897 10, OSS 9,119 1,838 1,761 8,432 46, 297 10,274 13,056 4,132 1,706 2,828 8,065 96, 295 4,776 4,139 613 9,410 5,096 1,230 2,607- 8,744 23, 205 4,971 49, 290 283 3,639 699 21, 186 115 455 e,6ss 377 5,767 6, 8.56 4,897 2,861 e,027 82,648 54,196 28,746 46,039 (X) 3,991 (X) 72,973 19, 496 13, 772 (X) 19,268 9,665 4,325 18,353 (X) 1,867 11,470 4,715 (X) 11, 384 144, 637 2,566 (X) 4,934 2,794 2,825 (X) 12, 687 23,041 1,625 121, 230 (X) "i4,'797 (X) 1,647 9,344 (X) (X) 398 CENSUS OF MANTJFACrUKES : 1914:. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PEODUCTS, WITH AVER. MANUFACTURE, FOB EACH CLASS, [See note at head of this table, pp. 394 and 395.] Tatole 194— Continued. Fertilizers Files Firearms Fire extinguishers, chemical Fireworks Flags 3ipjd banners Flavoring extracts : Flax and hemp, dressed FlotH-mlll and gristmill products Food preparations, not 'elsewhere specified. Foundry and machine-shop products. .. Foundry supplies Fuel, manufactured Fin: goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture Furs, dressed Galvanizing Gas and electric fixtures Gas, illuminating and heating Gas machines and gas and water meters. Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and ornament- ing. Gloves and mittens, leather Glucose and starch Glue, not elsewhere specified Gold and silver, leaf and foil Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Graphite, ground and refined Grease and tallow, not including lubri- cating greases. Haircloth Hair worlc Hammocks Hand stamps Hardware Hardware, saddlery Hat and cap materials Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, fur-felt Hats, straw Hats, wool-felt Hones and whetstones Horseshoes, not, made in steel works or rolhng mills. Hosiery and knit goods 1 nouse-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactured Ink, printing Ink, writing Instruments, professional and scientific. Iron and steeL blast f lunaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, cast-iron pipe Iron and steel, doors and shutters Iron and steel forgings, not made in steel works or rolling mills. NUMBER OF ESTABIISHMENTS WITH PKODUCT OF — 60 14 5 12 7 25 176 3 1,876 480 3,610 16 4 333 76 699 26 6 71 285 26 3 174 67 6 9 18 12 2 87 1 82 2 143 97 23 21 146 39 17 9 6 3 104 130 14 5 7 13 26 132 8 4,175 450 3,308 17 2 491 122 813 29 12 147 320 36 14 250 108 56 10 30 20 2 122 1 79 4 95 146 13 33 193 59 23 320 120 18 5 16 27 90 6 3,629 353 3,027 19 4 411 213 1,044 38 22 180 436 30 52 185 115 11 11 26 15 i 106 36 158 11 30 653 106 768 22 6 77 9 34 Sg" §3- 284 10 11 3 5 9 26 1,055 239 1,587 5 4 86 139 719 3 6 60 204 30 256 26 61 5 23 5 25 3 52 4 2 3 127 11 12 508 40 79 23 6 28 82 194 M 153 37 3 ..... 66 190 4 WAGE EAENEES IN ES- TABLISHMENTS WITH PKODUCT OF— 961 415 3,248 48 9 328 204 752 28 10 82 271 23 (3f) 117 Cx) 107 128 126 18 28 395 100 742 4 16 142 (X) 37 430 162 60 16 107 134 297 38 4,598 1,473 17,334 66 (X) 1,538 1,066 4,813 189 61 664 1,151 121 234 1,488 613 126 30 173 33 11 382 (X) 424 17 379 281 141 20 51 14 2,928 465 6,699 60 46 616 18 113 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCORDING TO SIZE. 399 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. [See note at head ot this table, pp. 394 and 395.] WAGE EAItN- ERS IN ES- TABLISHMENTS ■WITH PKODUCT OP— Sg 14,308 S,7S1 3,762 176 823 673 12, 464 8,216 193, 41.5 236 90 s.ses is,m 80,883 625 1,077 6,947 14, 468 4,380 52,620 2,110 7,040 266 1,756 424 82,751 2,827 4,940 849 417 6,099 8,054 39,352 6,704 7,190 1,589 8,258 5,507 (X) 3,048 12,015 6,901 84,236 13,666 22, 757 19, 215 (X) 3,997 1,234 141 ■"■"265" 166 2,877 746 513 175 (X) 232 19,305 17,180 2,153 i,m (X) 2,841 11,538 8,068 6,124 2,338 733 423 45,545 2,118 332 (X) 21,164 208,079 2,923 4,817 905 VALUE or PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT or — $140 38 13 37 22 67 372 9 5,347 1,139 6,843 49 12 900 186 1,601 56 22 200 583 57 6 476 163 17 21 49 22 (X) (X) 190 (X) 330 233 51 46 364 90 48 22 16 477 247 1,413 14 51 255 (X) 4 (X) 9 66 s-i VALUE ADDED BY MANUTACTUBE FOB ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PKODUCT OF — 3,8 8^8 Expressed in thousands. U, 499 164 67 69 150 262 1,376 91 47,676 4,812 34, 766 177 (X) 5,239 1,397 9,134 324 160 1,612 3,818 357 164 2,760 1,279 624 127 303 215 «r 1,181 (X) 803 ei 954 1,597 132 305 1,975 607 239 49 71 53 3,832 1,310 13,100 191 177 1,005 29 SO 176 40 146 382 iS16,330 441 323 217 711 1,294 3,758 182 147,255 17,509 139,893 849 189 17,635 11,364 52,722 1,410 1,290 8,010 20,033 1,252 3,307 7,885 5,206 1,011 748 212 4,341 4iS 1,631 6B1 1,578 7,790 510 1,388 7,925 2,535 1,992 696 173 453 28,147 4,946 32,338 1,035 225 3,171 534 1,899 2,024 789 870 $99,464 4,965 5,261 975 1,414 1,979 5,874 301,075 73,041 456, 791 939 662 19,869 39,107 168,662 1,085 7,008 18,818 60,411 13,518 78,924 142,504 11,050 13,535 8,235 2,331 IS, 066 44,192 84,877 15,096 14,028 4,158 21,122 S36, 763 (X) 4,880 376,327 122,831 228,251 135,393 (X) 40,684 14,966 2,282 7,828 1,069 (X) 49,298 5,293 7,371 1,485 14,561 1,971 20,231 4,550 712 (X) 521 37,646 3,346 6,191 8,329 26,054 (X) 20,499 17,779 1 177 13,619 5,386 1.274 83, 953 8,900 4,356 (X) 272, 899 831,809 6,104 11,802 4,392 $64 32 10 23 13 43 202 4 1,246 4,945 33 6 613 122 1,017 40 15 125 229 6 11 25 13 (X) 174 (X) 132 (X) 251 146 36 34 252 55 33 16 13 5 940 10 32 194 (X) 131 48 39 93 162 683 31 9,375 2,083 23,255 88 (X) 2,775 751 5,634 242 85 938 2,228 231 92 1,831 126 96 18 593 (X) 521 B8 82 190 1,102 354 133 37 49 29 1,852 631 9,123 95 88 737 107 18 95 212 $3, 799 289 185 88 421 639 1,768 62 24,841 5,203 83,267 383 65 8,215 4,790 28, 578 971 487 4,276 12,860 781 2,167 4,611 2,408 137 178 439 116 1,628 148 837 BBS 1,062 4,463 303 656 4,018 1,095 1,037 283 111 245 12, 137 1,986 22,669 465 102 2,297 ■ 115 973 949 381 1,547 $28, 698 3,660 4,162 673 663 1,007 2,419 39,041 20,655 258,428 . 511 183 8,181 IS, 197 90,658 716 1,600 9,311 40,118 8,017 51, 296 S 3 7,879 38,099 6,365 5,685 2,589 11,026 $12, 183 (X) 3,469 50,907 37,053 138, 538 18,332 [x^ 88,033 (X) 23,520 6,341 658 2,419 389 (X) 11, 442 1,689 811 897 1,844 4,183 593 1,363 315 (X) 295 21,884 1,829 16,790 1,097 3,953 10,583 7,532 630 (x) 8,315 2,622 817 59,267 3,832 9,9^0 38,696 2,467 3,911 1,325 2,543 (X) 45,072 288,729 3,068 1,533 400 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1&14, ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PBODUCTS WITH AVER- MANUFACTURE, FOR EACH CLASS f [See note at head of this tabic, pp. 394 and 395.] TaUIe 19i— Continued. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, wrought pipe Ivory, shell, and bone work, not in- cluding combs and hairpins. Japanning Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases Jute goods Labels and tags Lamps and reflectors Lapidary work Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods, not elsewhere specified. . Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. . Lime Linen goods Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Lithographing Locomotives, not made by railroad companies. Looking-glass and picture frames Lubricating greases Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing-mill products, not including planing mills connected with sawmills. Malt Marble and stone work Matches Mats and matting, from cocoa fiber and grass. Mattresses and spring beds Millinery and lace goods Mineral and soda waters Minerals and earths, ground Mirrors, framed and unframed Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, organs Musical instruments, pianos Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. Needles, pins and hooks and eyes Nets and seines ' Oil, cottonseed, and cake Oil, essential Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere specified Oilcloth and linoleum, floor Oleomargarine Optical goods Paints Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Paper patterns Patent medicines and compounds NUMBEK or ESTABLISHMENTS WITH FEODUCT OF— 2 16 18 566 24 1 17 29 46 8 1 76 69 314 1 117 46 109 51 166 14 15^545- 1,286 1,648 1 3 232 397 2,825 33 25 342 23 48 155 13 13 21 56 67 10 46 13 ,519 20 11 602 47 4 33 39 24 21 3 103 63 109 4 79 112 106 66 1 153 19 7,589 1,814 2,216 2 2 703 2,059 88 51 332 17 33 52 27 23 23 10 2 127 147 44 81 4 749 28 542 47 13 43 47 10 20 8 144 161 161 4 65 336 71 121 3 94 29 2,819_ 1,970 19 984 1 307 683 534 97 73 79 16 34 26 31 72 42 17 4 249 10 63 5 6 104 181 159 84 3 436 oo o ^- 200 7 13 15 33 8 17 14 55 345 43 10 129 661 29 93 25 15 1^422 755 53 173 293 44 26 33 9 14 138 50 14 6 569 4 9 62 5 6 25 165 437 90 5 185 25 WAGE EAKNEES IN ES- TABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — ^a Sg So" So" gS ^ a» 9 111 595 w m 16 125 271 20 70 138 622 2,885 9,805 33 294 1,275 (X) «9 370 33 179 891 36 198 972 27 93 84 6 135 565 11 30 111 508 2,386 98 355 2,997 432 973 6,259 (X) 62 80 83 95 278 44 351 3,874 90 262 519 30 331 2,468 (X) m 129 595 1,587 8 29 171 36,668 61,371 -83,524 1,677 8,506 32,096 16 120 1,522 8,956 20, 786 (X) U 203 5 U (X) 276 1,423 4,056 831 5,078 13,867 2,708 6,225 4,781 98 775 2,155 29 233 1,220 398 1,804 1,462 16 84 349 34 74 280 88 261 704 16 105 1,049 16 105 1,483 22 187 1,040 19 107 706 8 X 110 3 134 2,767 61 62 29 % 66 312 (X) 36 1,302 62 460 41 328 1,192 20 330 3,399 63 448 1,270 16 21 47 704 1,594 2,749 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOBDING TO SIZE. 401 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. [See note at head of this table, pp. 394 and 395.] WAGE EA.BN- EBS IN E3- VABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT or— 83- 1,989 383 13,860 791 2,454 1,497 4,534 S80 1,388 SU 4,066 22, 031 5,765 3,^35 2,139 28,866 800 8,969 1,014 2,476 268 253,046 48,596 932 BS,717 720 823 S,99S 23,901 1,792 1,679 1,702 610 1,899 312 778 1,893 16, 496 9,367 4,107 940 17,077 97 me 1,306 334 114 e,09S 6,655 49,882 7,131 989 5,521 (X) 6,633 1,117 5,134 1,394 30,' 455 (X) 3,700 28,935 621 3,373 16, 203 45,177 5,339 921 (X) 2,853 (X) 1,597 (X) 4,332 5,777 (fx) (X) 1,8 1,292 348 4,006 768 (X) 5,233 34,826 4,583 VALUE or PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— a is 1^ $17 (X) 33 44 1,461 60 (X) 46 77 94 23 (X) 205 180 568 (X) 232 126 260 95 158 172 32 114 33 2,912 67031°— 17- 406 40 32,740 3,278 4,261 CX) 611 1,036 7,111 95 69 858 54 115 327 42 30 49 17 S3 9 146 (X) 55 ss- 11 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOB. ESTABLianMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— 8 8, S 8 Expressed in thousands. $176 186 117 6,372 498 i6 366 433 232 272 S9 1,101 640 1,198 47 924 1,283 1,173 746 (x) 1,575 190 72, 505 19, 495 96 22, 333 7,-507 19, 200 1,023 649 3,288 198 357 541 265 250 251 126 (X) 457 195 $1,421 657 220 24,645 1,963 734 2,061 2,316 455 1,082 471 6,088 8,238 7,346 104 3,147 18,773 2,968 6,213 4,108 1,415 118,975 92,723 982 39,083 319 (X) 13,912 3 0, 570 19,952 4,491- 3,609 2,719 876 1,686 1,218 1,493 4,294 2,248 791 262 16,514 433 Cx) 1,433 1,614 580 921 41 .7,707 ^26 3,160 341 4,526 8,901 9,288 4, 1.53 127 19,745 i5,SS6 6,207 1,020 42, 624 1,100 4,719 4,131 10,503 4,679 3,213 6,921 11,940 138,883 9,279 6,809 48,691 216,667 6,606 22,909 2,029 4,926 3,274 403,012 170,899 19,761 41,376 2,408 2,180 eo,ss9 70, 152 12,078 4,698 5,963 1,740 6,885 3,637 1,538 4,497 43,900 17,SS7 6,957 2,803 142, 525 1,540 4,662 19,947 1,767 1,629 12,072 64, 465 174,900 28,155 2,825 51, 473 (x) $30, 873 6,006 11,016 3,310 (X) (X) 2i9,'266' (X) 153,736 205,410 5,621 9,173 41,099 88,078 21,278 27, 296 (X) 9,793 (X) 4,89 (X) 15,242 14,301 (X) (X) 63,621 40, 232 14,690 16, 670 13, 109 (X) 47,267 147, 348 15,529 20,626 112 22 1,087 42 $86 125 89 365 '267 83 132 83 261 25 23,716 1,840 2,598 (X) 5 341 798 ,380 60 43 706 32 63 258 29 19 33 13 9 3 86 (X) 24 123 4,148 324 13 238 262 180 174 20 532 330 738 6 672 816 542 569 (X) 942 94 49,320 9,962 22 13,606 11 10 1,845 5,088 10,929 642 333 2,626 118 156 367 162 129 167 94 (X) 113 92 108 88 17 64 28 1,905 129 (X) 920 757 275 458 30 4,914 8663 304 274 161 13,964 1,223 206 1,242 1,273 205 801 88 2,698 3,288 4,316 34 2,300 12,302 1,339 3,934 139 2,387 610 73,688 39,782 227 25,003 137 (X) 6,010 16, 866 10,321 2,487 1,536 2,072 454 723 807 874 2,063 1,225 567' 87 2,551 72 1,048 79 77 2,758 3,265 3,389 1,682 91 12, 446 $2,844 2,853 519 21,053 582 1,342 2,162 5,243 951 2,254 1,275 5,348 32,428 5,414 2,632 36, 580 151,036 2,938 14,893 1,030 2,965 1,423 237,652 65,023 3,885 28, 044 1,195 1,060 8,122 31,810 6,991 2,557 2,283 1,155 2,515 1,416 1,170 2,574 22,843 735 23,688 498 910 6,611 940 376 7,796 20,095 61, 646 11,248 2,251 34,612 (X) 38, 203 2,373 1,798 (X) (X) '46,'82i (X) 126,024 148,097 2,178 5,640 18, 669 22 23 48,"983' 24 6,838 25 4,799 Cx) 6,012 (X) 2,921 (X) 8,188 8,630 (X) (X) 4,417 4,808 5,331 4,370 (X) 16,616 53,639 7,300 12,647 402 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OE PRODUCTS, WITH AVER. MANUFACTURE, FOR EACH CLASS, [See note at head of this table, pp. 394 and 395.] Tatole 194— Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS •WITH PEODUCT OF — ffiW ss S3 WAGE EABNEES IN ES- TABLISHMENTS "WITH PBODUCT OF— 8» Paving materials Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling. Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic Pens, gold Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Phonographs and graphophones Photo-engraving, not done in printing establishments. Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pickles, preserves, and sauces Pipes, tobacco Plated ware Plumbers'supplies, not elsewhere speci- fied. Pocketbooks Pottery Poultry, killing and dressing Printing and publishing, book and job. . Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Printing materials Pulp goods Pulp wood Pumps, not including power pumps Pumj)3, steam and other power Refrigerators Reg^ia and society badges and emblems Rice, cleaning and polishing Roofing materials Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified . . Rules, ivory and wood Saddlery and harness Safes and vaults Salt 117 7 220 1 Sand and emery paper and cloth Sand-lime brick Sausage, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. 55 30 9 192 17 6 32 22 106 3 6,402 71 11,142 29 2 9 39 7 16 55 1 29 26 5 1,364 3 22 Scales and balances Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing machines and attachments... Shipbuilding, iron and steel Shipbuilding, wooden, mcluding boat building. Shirts Show cases , Signs and advertising novelties Silk goods, including throwsters Silversmithing and silverware Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not from the ore. 5 129 12 2 547 112 31 334 46 13 25 Soda-water apparatus Sporting and athletic goods Springs, steel, car, and carriage, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Stamped and enameled ware, not else- where specified. 198 13 2 15 1 152 9 3 122 15 199 9 13 42 14 61 29 4,094 45 5,533 2 4 19 27 38 49 3 36 61 3 832 5 18 1 19 186 32 25 22 1 9 246 41 245 122 30 182 213 12 5 21 10 80 27 10 169 20 23 170 11 20 95 18 74 51 2,047 46 1,940 4 24 23 40 27 7 52 82 1 234 18 20 1 21 148 24 22 24 2 10 13 169 255 46 144 305 29 427 1 2 22 102 23 34 20 1 43 85 1 30 9 11 100 83 10 108 33 654 18 624 4 12 3 13 26 39 6 44 47 102 1 120 11 37 44 43 164 14 51 368 33 439 18 3 61 3 206 30 19 17 10 29 1 4 2 390 6 116 U) 82 39 15 166 21 6 30 167 9 4,945 16 13,374 25 W 10 31 5 19 71 (X) 50 32 1,038 3 44 18 11 (X) 655 629 28 339 167 18 25 (X) 60 2,361 54 W 54 (X) 475 17 16 895 130 52 818 77 104 201 92 573 84 18,317 75 20,344 116 58 110 164 198 e 104 253 m 1,911 28 168 W 135 327 139 146 143 (X) 59 1,829 4,794 205 1,098 2,073 173 322 42 200 46 217 83 401 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOKDING TO SIZE. 403 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continuea. [See note at head of this table, pp. 394 and 395.] WAGE EAEN- EK3 IN ES- TABUSHMENTS ■WITH PEODUCT OF— 10,347 1,385 240 796 W 1,615 2,166 (X) 2,429 1,403 e,»o 5,533 1,997 3,980 8,517 973 20,089 871 46,324 610 33, 165 114 1,494 288 1,667 3,030 4,74S 1,330 960 2,246 11,575 6=) 7,198 S,6W 4,3116 681 1,078 3,881 3,811 1,928 635 2,605 7,189 23,409 1,160 B.891 51, 131 3,487 8,379 691 73 1,036 806 2,711 1,949 1,917 S,»i 14,569 (X) 746 3,878 (X) 22,978 9,169 (X) 4,446 6=) 4,064 7,680 8,632 2.5,322 (X) 2,707 (^x) (X) 268 1,222 36,915 (X) (X) 3,688 11,477 25,929 11,629 (X) 41, 272 2,892 88,291 17,140 7,312 8,611 1,610 10,433 (^) 2,480 (^x) 11,281 VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — 5§ §•1 VALUE ADDED BT MANUFACTURE FOR ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF— S" 5-§ Expressed in thousands. $307 20 (X) "'i65 77 22 476 44 19 87 60 224 13 13,066 151 27,631 77 (X) 15 93 17 55 132 (X) 66 64 13 3,597 10 55 10 311 (X) 1,195 74 835 133 35 82 15 186 24 133 41 60 J2, 172 125 (x) 168 (X) 31 1,423 295 153 2,047 91 146 606 159 731 385 40,551 450 .51,317 437 SI 33 161 311 433 476 30 410 620 7,451 72 221 (X) 236 2,022 332 306 265 (X) 114 84 3,137 2,664 426 2,541 1,627 352 2,170 169 879 192 430 195 679 $9,340 1,078 64$ 3,580 1,669 488 7,367 1,104 7,536 453 1,004 4,856 925 3,486 2,554 88,945 2,373 82,109 916 323 142 1,191 1,149 1,883 1,114 246 2,407 4,048 (X) 10,454 879 1,168 (X) 748 6,331 1,126 981 1,016 174 477 710 7,206 11,987 2,004 5,959 15, 740 1,295 21, 631 6c) 139 1,077 4,917 1,029 1,560 905 4,081 48,521 2,730 16,468 118,211 11,039 149, 874 3,087 1,141 6,496 7,364 21,667 7,636 4,440 10,453 27,714 $6,373 133 159 715 341 1,866 426 275 5,997 230 1,687 537 904 539 2,421 tl3,318 1,267 290 4,il7 6,361 6,446 5^253 1,866 U, 132 10, 789 1,680 4,806 10,639 1,043 18, 653 1,186 87, 695 3,547 126, 109 402 2,143 185 2,800 4,769 6,418 1,868 1,814 6,365 16,014 10,928 4,068 6,936 1,642 2,340 6,810 6,707 3,411 473 3,132 21,576 1,543 9,816 52,078 5,970 19,337 «S« 137 1,083 1,329 8,312 4,245 2,296 4,763 14,674 (X) $968 3,315 (X) (X) 64,196 19, 767 10,536 (x) 4,656 11,228 3,072 23,698 110,501 (X) 5,622 551 3,685 79, 293 (X) (X) (X) (x) (X) 3,295 10,471 26,610 (X) 14,325 (X) 48,109 4,573 186,361 64,002 17,427 12,802 7,021 28,588 (X) 2,710 (X) 15,321 60 404 CENSUS OF MAK^UFACTUKES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH AVER/ MANUFACTURE, FOR EACH CLASS, [See note at head, of this table, pp. 394 and 395.] TaDle 19it— Continued. Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Statuary and art goods Steam fittings and steam and hot-wator heating apparatus. Steam packing Stencils and brands Stereotyping and electrotyping Stoves and hot-air fiunaces Stoves, gas and oil Structural ironwork, not made in steel works or rolling m.ills. Sugar, beet Sugar, cane Sugar, refining SulphuriCjnitric, and mixed acids Surgical appliances Suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods. Theatrical sceneiy Tin plate and temeplate Tinware, not elsewhere specified Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes Tools, not elsewhere specified Toys and games Trunks and. valises Turpentine and rosin Type founding Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes Upholstering materials, not elsewhere specified. Varnishes Vault lights and ventilators Vinegar and cider Wall paper, not made in paper mills... Wall plaster Washing machines and clothes wringers. Waste Watch and clock materials Watch cases Watches Wheelbarrows Whips Windmills Window and door screens and weather strips. Window shades and fixtures Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable, not elsewhere Specified. Wood carpet Wood distillation, not including turpen- tine and rosin. Wood preserving Wood, turned and carved Wooden goods, not elsewhere specified- . Wool pulling Wool scouring Wool shoddy W oolen and worsted goods All other industries i NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — s& 42 70 32 25 48 14 28 17 193 1 115 45 224 1,405 251 80 153 357 9 14 67 28 18 8 427 1 14 43 5 10 186 2 5 1 326 121 51 77 67 45 46 48 69 28 364 14 61 82 2,857 201 92 178 800 10 27 06 63 42 12 104 2 16 6 75 101 3 146 1 282 71 4 4 14 56 18 50 37 86 54 13 115 167 36 418 1 72 73 68 834 131 83 167 217 8 36 S3 9 129 64 19 184 56 10 8 21 142 36 o . o oo ss oo o^ S5"> 44 6 109 23 1 12 164 26 227 36 78 375 73 34 62 20 4 25 33 26 18 34 39 20 26 2 10 4 3 7 8 16 32 21 85 3 26 44 37 26 20 10 23 455 8° ■WAGE EARNERS IN ES- TABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT or— 1^ 46 28 52 31 280 X 91 15 55 123 7,232 287 166 157 2,370 9 10 63 72 13 5 225 (X) 15 46 10 S4 a 2 10 13 7 83 64 'iii' 12 (X) ■ 476 139 (X) 106 37 219 451 148 187 312 402 111 1,801 270 233 (X) 301 312 15,610 1,011 766 729 15,987 51 133 416 468 90 82 209 SB 161 94 41 (X) 25 32 96 19 341 241 17 806 (X) 2,045 418 14 eg 84 449 108 I AH other industries embrace: Casli registers and calculating machines, 52 establishments; grindstones, 14;lard, not made in slaughtermg and meat-packing establishments, 6; millstones, 2; oakum, 6; oilcloth, enameled, 13; ordnance and accessories, 2; pens, steel, 5; pulp, Irom fiber other than wood. 3; sewjng- machinecases, 4; tinfoil, 14; whalebone cutting, 1. uuvi, », oo u^s ESTABLISHMENTS ACCORDING TO SIZE. 405 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY BY INDUSTRIES: 1914^Continued. (See note at head of this table, pp. 394 and 365.] ■WAGE EAEN- EKS IN ES- TABLISHMENTS •WITH PRODUCT OF— 6,616 ' 787 12,040 S,SOO (X) W7 18,983 3, 256 21, 800 S,6K 2,558 2,017 1,307 5,587 404 9,906 3,919 68, 870 8, 6.55 4,737 e,H7 5,228 855 3,228 S,1S2 2,313 1,280 301 395 i,B86 4,007 1,881 1,011 S,S67 1,SS0 146 863 1,820 S,090 2,167 3,223 6,930 162 i,es4 2,079 3,912 4,U9 618 8.59 1,539 67,432 3,588 (X) ii,'736' (X) 6,969 3,849 15,832 5,377 11,253 943 2,115 2,732 4,811 10,911 20,622 39, 715 3,803 7,202 (X) 531 85, 771 11, 894 VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS tnTH PKODUCT OF — S94 167 91 65 125 51 84 46 515 (X) 277 62 117 427 13,007 695 195 366 1,076 26 37 151 82 1,005 37 19 718 (x) (X) (x) 35 x) 98 1,640 10 46 (X) 16 11,068 6 18 22 19 (X) 196 064 246 14,199 1,885 449 16 (X) 14 414 (X) 738 (X) 274 (X) (X) 16 134 52 §°i VALUE ADDED BY MANTJTACTURE FOB ESTABLISHMENTS "WITH PRODUCT OF — a* ^ MA §■"§ Expressed in thousands. 8546 788 659 472 403 616 850 285 4,009 178 674 760 (X) 631 807 26,735 2,034 1,063 1,827 8,494 97 337 924 800 512 127 964 36 437 294 83 62 48 171 47 720 972 30 1,519 (X) 96 (X) 2,901 757 40 48 160 67G 182 52,359 1,374 4,508 2,614 575 5,148 8,984 1,758 19,724 (X) 4,140 1,399 2,979 186 4,054 3,023 34,515 5,752 3,872 7,681 7,888 374 1,649 3,019 2,650 3,889 798 3,029 476 3,403 1,103 1,488 968 343 (X) 335 446 389 1,778 2,623 478 5,705 2,766 1,11S 8,008 2,690 626 321 1,226 8,268 1,847 $18,903 1,591 33,711 11,061 (X) 2,340 42, 378 8,911 68,437 19, m 17,279 7,844 4,208 13,014 2,452 30,714 14, 162 112, 863 17, 873 S,6S6 16,698 3,532 1,823 9,051 9,719 8,656 17,2S4 1,106 3,100 IB, S76 IS, 670 6,106 7,199 (X) r,4ie 1,658 541 2,623 6,042 6,473 8,743 10,870 23,661 541 1,009 16,525 7,400 6,542 7,606 4,198 6,306 167, 621 12, 082 (X) 824,953 (X) 15, 645 10,448 66,694 43,401 289,399 7,080 8,362 7,626 65,704 46,414 156, 862 122, 774 7,638 13,425 (X) 4,303 11,493 8,820 (X) 12,611 (X) 4,861 70,464 10,555 (X) 4,417 (X) ■(i)" 212,984 38, 074 S65 123 66 41 102 41 46 24 315 (X) 219 35 74 237 11,272 431 134 227 731 16 22 96 40 18 13 418 (X) 15 56 4 S9 14 6 13 14 11 119 135 302 (X) 507 166 (X) 13 66 34 S314 631 269 300 438 516 168 2,404 36 (X) 338 442 10,595 1,444 624 1,048 6,162 77 196 478 387 236 84 457 19 210 153 32 (X) 44 22 90 29 421 472 11 (X). (X) 1,797 428 14 34 93 325 125 $1,274 1,003 2,574 1,322 369 3,772 8,547 873 10,167 ISl 910 1,128 ms 36 1,706 1,652 20,454 3,640 2,137 3,764 5,934 241 989 1,318 992 1,602 444 1,307 232 1,593 496 468 6SS 185 (X) 189 234 140 977 907 214 2,737 954 4,267 1,390 128 235 637 3,298 1,296 $9,4S7 1,249 19,259 4,405 (X) 1,649 27,467 4,619 31,663 7,194 4,744 4,054 2,518 4,814 702 11, 6.56 7,762 63, 187 10,417 5,082 7,808 2,638 1,084 6,650 3, SSO 2,758 8,359 552 1,188 7,099 6, 734 2,746 1,017 (X) 3,586 1,260 288 1,482 2,761 3,389 3,001 3,957 9,580 240 4,072 3,310 3,223 1,498 1,120 1,764 55,425 5, 490 (X) 814,717 (X) 10,563 6,612 27, 279 14,012 25,313 4,296 3,709 2,967 9,699 14,316 88,584 72,846 5,726 (X) (X) 11,242 (X) 1,519 6,123 X (x) (X) 852 (X) 10, 340 (X) 1,0-11 21, 235 4,159 (X) (X) (x) 73, 873 27, 239 406 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES ; 1914, ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCOEDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH AVEH- MANUFACTUEE, FOE EACH CLASS, BY GEOGRAPHIC [Note.— In some states, in order to avoid disclosing the returns of individual establishments, the figures usually by only one or two establishments) have been consolidated with those tor establishments roport- the figures have been omitted and the figures for the group with which they have been combined are head; consequently the sum of the figures presented for states and for geographic divisions in these Table 195 DIVISION AOT) STATE. United States: 1914 1909 1904 Geogeapsic divs.: New England— 1914 1909 1904 Middle Atlantic — 1914 1909 1904 E. North Con tral- 1914 1909 1904 W. North Central- 1914 1909 1904 South Atlantic- 1914 1909 1904 E. South Central— 1914 1909 1904 W. South Central- 1914 1909 1904 Mountain — 1914 1909 1904 Pacific- 1914 1909 1904 NUMBEE OF ESTABLISHMENTS "WITH PRODUCT OF— New England; Maine New Hampshire. . Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania E. NOETH Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin PI 97,061 93,349 71,147 7,212 7.353 6,012 26, 135 24,055 19, 805 19, 887 20,806 18,286 11,361 11, 726 9,015 12,027 11, 387 6,646 6,792 7,142 3,511 5,353 4,979 3,041 2,699 2,043 1, 5, 3,860 3,437 1,371 624 527 2,885 657 1,248 &« 87,931 86,988 72,791 8,100 8,187 7,516 28,302 27,170 23,652 18,705 19,069 16, 740 8,412 8,178 6,667 9,131 9,248 6,811 3,998 4,429 3,452 3,706 3,996 2,616 1,990 1,864 1,288 6,687 4,847 4,051 8S 56,814 67,270 48,096 30, 166 27,824 22,246 1,119 681 620 3,! 645 1,232 14,096 16,424 2,775 3 """ 9,264 6,106 3,014 6,161 2,976 2,631 4,614 2,413 6,899 2, 566 3,213 5,695 6,835 5,364 19,544 19,469 15,905 13,073 12, 868 11,067 6,082 6,078 4,128 4,854 4,917 4,194 2,283 2,530 2,360 2,036 2,215 1,731 662 3,350 3,422 2,705 400 472 2,926 467 861 11,523 2,153 6,868 3,464 1,610 3,833 1,914 2,252 So gS US °. 3,690 3,458 3,048 10,215 9,657 7,638 7,200 6,487 5,214 2,065 !,"■" 1,634 2, 2,365 1, 1,249 1,210 965 1,233 1,082 861 431 365 239 1,514 1,351 950 o '^ o o 3,819 3,060 1,900 596 618 340 1,270 1,064 1,031 784 448 279 241 148 244 171 106 67 31 62 46 36 160 286 193 146 1,969 349 667 5,613 1,302 3,300 2,176 862 2,159 1,108 896 49 •WAGE EAENEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — Less than 85,000. 129, 623 142,430 106,353 33 38 7 340 72 106 647 232 491 300 123 336 160 112 8,454 10,086 31,265 30,816 28,808 22,169 25,720 26,382 11,406 13, 622 11,647 26,016 28,998 13,747 16,408 17,884 6,840 7,599 9,247 4,626 2,482 2,271 1,527 4,834 3,987 3,884 $5 000 to 120,000. J20,000 to $100,000 429,037 470,006 419,466 1,843 697 730 3,158 813 1,213 16,715 3,560 10, 980 6,151 3,601 6,484 3,154 2,779 39,511 44,128 43,215 144,405 146,441 140,849 76,163 86,503 86,479 30,686 32, 010 29,190 68,394 78,936 67,202 26,068 31, 894 23,639 17,816 23,661 16,105 6,663 7,023 5,169 19,333 19,411 18, 628 $100,000 to $1,000,000 999,600 1,090,449 1,027,047 3,002,071 2,896,632 2,515,064 6,011 3,027 3,311 18,044 3,310 6,r" 83,327 17,316 43,762 20,996 10, 621 24,881 10,556 9,109 114,301 124,229 122,699 363,698 386,646 354,286 209,976 224,375 224, 139 62,736 66,110 62, 125 108,401 125,795 117, 825 47,373 64,851 64,766 37, 673 46, 203 36,776 10,741 12,663 9,531 44,702 60,688 44,901 $1,000,000 and over. 2,476,006 2,015,629 1,400,453 12,443 8,797 7,924 66,378 10,180 18,679 194,772 44,300 124,626 61,756 29,001 62,952 30,078 26, 189 443,341 434,177 432,696 967,986 945,434 847,830 710,480 689,027 689,262 154, 161 1 155,245 135, 903 325, 647 306,447 1249,371 133,873 1126,627 = 110,177 118,529 103,921 3 75,460 33,024 3 34,706 » 22, 796 116,030 105, 791 76,943 31,886 24,784 15,045 229,504 47,865 94,257 453,654 146,638 368,694 229,226 83, 473 1R9,953 117, 227 90,601 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCORDING TO SIZE. 407 AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EAENEBS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY DIVISIONS FOR 1914, 1909, AND 1904 AND BY STATES FOE 1914. for the group of establishments reporting products valued at $1,000,000 or over (a group represented in§ piodfucts valued at $100,000 to sfl,000,000. In such cases an (x) is shown in the column from which prmted in italics. In the totals for the United States each establishment is classified under its proper columns, except in number of establishments, does not equal the total shown.] VALUE or PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH | VALUE ADDED BT MANUFACTURE FOR ESTABLISH- PKODUCT OF— MENT3 WITH PRODUCT OF— Less than $5,000 to $20,000 to $100,000 to $1,000,000 and over. Less than $6,000 to $20,000 to $100,000 to $1,000,000 and over. S5,000. $20,000. $100,000. $1,000,000. $6,000. $20,000. $100,000. $1,000,000. Expressed n thousands. $233,382 $905,693 $2,550,229 $8,763,070 $11,794,061 $151,740 $507,431 $1,238,879 $3,888,095 $4,092,201 1 222,464 904,646 2,544,427 7,946,936 9,053,680 144,246 509,908 1,258,318 3,572,746 3,044,043 2 178,128 751,048 2,129,258 6,109,013 5,628,466 114,781 424, 130 1,090,272 2,782,642 1,881,870 3 17,884 84,133 258,906 1,116,879 1,448,874 11,615 47,915 131,605 496,695 582,270 4 17,960 86,216 263,824 1,060,177 1,241,889 11,772 49,295 138,262 482, 151 612,297 5 15,361 77,995 238,320 911,771 782,551 9,878 45, 118 125,152 408,314 321,264 6 63,192 294,327 878,194 2,904,666 3,913,264 41,245 165,917 445,593 1,344,370 1,375,527 7 58,041 288,432 865,620 2,702,739 3,226,928 36,487 160,328 442,371 1,245,602 1,097,476 8 49,165 244,273 709,195 2,113,140 2,102,493 31,345 136,702 375,086 996,232 716,905 9 48,692 195,282 591,833 2,123,876 3,582,578 30,479 102,981 282,696 986,692 1,344,473 10 50,016 197,41,5 577,351 1,882,826 2,504,095 31,561 103,916 276,615 880,578 884,560 11 45, 496 171,086 496,156 1,445,686 1,446,946 28,710 91,991 249,996 679,586 509,548 12 27,595 84,938 223,912 601,141 1,094,606 17,856 46,096 94,076 231,276 245,048 13 27,373 82,793 220,926 1565,600 907,207 17,679 44,419 91,590 1215,067 193,289 14 21,308 68,276 175,847 431,857 587,158 14,266 35,319 78,139 172,360 122,361 15 27,842 92,502 218,677 769,169 574,809 18,394 63,065 101,660 306,514 200,298 16 26,465 94,530 213,327 658,709 390, 165 17,685 56,904 106,499 272,659 138,636 17 16,298 71,594 179,656 1469,142 237,438 10,721 42,013 91,587 1196,039 83,567 18 14,980 40,249 100,815 362,286 182,338 9,788 23,310 48,460 155,487 76,612 19 15,869 44,498 111,473 1323,868 134,781 10,858 27,266 66, 131 1 147, 259 63,811 20 8,750 35,550 103,307 2 234,271 82,468 6,151 21,682 51,764 2 102,248 30,344 21 12,687 37,050 90,830 340,861 321,111 8,319 21,858 43,176 135,176 67,104 22 11,737 40,850 100,624 284,432 187,800 8,014 25,118 60,190 118,600 41,389 23 7,479 26,492 79,161 2 208,952 93,148 5,244 16,665 39,924 2 92,014 14,552 24 6,428 19,401 38,201 116,920 256,618 4,382 11,444 17,787 52,663 79,087 25 5,079 18,676 40,490 3 115,857 183,894 3,511 11,434 21,013 3 53,317 46,029 26 3,473 13,020 28,420 2 62,794 146,956 2,438 8,136 14,965 2 32,075 44,237 27 14,082 57,811 148,861 427,272 419, 863 9,662 34,845 73,927 180,332 121,782 28 9,936 51,236 150,792 372,666 258,882 6,779 31,228 77,667 163,606 70,664 29 8,798 42,762 119,296 239,562 141,147 6,028 26,504 63,669 108,367 34,609 30 3,269 11,383 24,834 81,560 79,405 2,073 6,027 11,455 31,998 31,243 31 1,277 6,096 17,323 68,099 100,049 837 3,461 8,661 23,429 31,463 32 1,287 6,571 20,239 37,924 10,970 827 3,529 8,741 16,072 5,115 33 7,435 40,782 134,938 616,269 841,949 4,860 23,880 70,427 270,904 339,918 34 1,637 6,515 22,084 112,959 136,351 1,120 3,910 11,625 48,382 52,083 36 2,979 12,786 39,488 210,068 280,160 1,898 7,108 ■ 20,696 104,810 122,448 36 34,214 172,392 516,488 1,521,389 1,570,177 22,962 98,651 266,747 720,791 596,903 37 7,169 34,292 96,112 416,253 852, 807 4,706 19, 447 49,259 195,288 254,469 38 21,809 87,6-13 265,594 967,024 1,490,280 13,577 47,819 129,587 428,291 524,165 39 12,448 47,807 159,829 655,779 906,946 7,756 27,044 79,804 308,733 338,690 40 7,231 24,826 73,427 229,472 395,841 4,469 13,287 33,761 102,624 162,807 41 15, 231 60, 716 176,457 652, 611 1,342,308 9,885 36,485 96,275 310,262 464,243 42 7,255 26, 703 87,746 329,969 634,489 4,561 14,339 40,539 167,763 276,168 43 ' 6,527 35,232 94,374 266,045 302, 994 3,819 11,826 32,217 107,330 122,665 44 1 Includes 2 establishments whose value of product is 81,000,000 and over. 2 Includes 1 establishment whose value of product is over 81,000,000. 3 Includes 4 establishments whose value ofproduot is $1,000,000 and over. 408 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCOEDING TO VALUE OP PRODUCTS. WITH AVEK- MANUFACTUEE, FOE EACH CLASS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS [See note at head of this table, pp. 406 and 407.] TaDle 193— Con. DIVISION AND STATE. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS TVITH PRODUCT OF— WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — a H Hi . IS 5d 5g 8°- 83. 69 so 1 Less than 15,000. $5,000 to $20,000. $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 to $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over. 1 W. North Central: 2,046 2,144 3,611 360 463 1,253 1,484 251 1,671 127 2,629 1,166 2,674 845 1,861 903 1,947 2,298 1,464 1,083 1,256 630 1,403 2,066 421 299 199 905 179 102 633 61 1,327 907 3,361 1,894 1,866 2,512 206 265 718 951 298 1,646 199 1,763 786 1,453 471 1,508 1,007 1,136 1,311 936 617 754 628 707 1,617 309 252 88 730 120 121 297 73 1,213 762 3,622 1,476 1,165 1,449 92 133 366 401 170 969 133 796 488 826 283 739 460 710 736 518 320 399 517 256 864 135 93 32 317 47 63 179 31 850 451 2,049 486 405 .710 37 35 133 259 81 446 60 383 266 622 ■ 266 502 153 360 401 301 187 192 406 138 497 65 61 17 148 22 28 89 11 408 197 909 72 34 104 4 2 22 41 8 66 5 37 43 ■ 32 20 29 6 32 30 24 2 4 30 14 41 9 3 1 26 8 11 4 31 13 116 2,108 2,230 3,911 302 476 1,060 1,320 462 2,623 146 6,838 1,767 6,152 1,843 5,359 ■ 1,826 3,936 4,826 3,997 2,600 2,271 1,138 1,618 2,572 348 276 199 779 226 109 602 44 1,069 927 2,838 7,238 6,093 10, 162 581 749 2,166 3,106 1,782 8,906 971 12,694 4,107 11,336 3,439 13,668 11,493 6,096 6,626 8,190 5,156 4,749 3, 832 2,576 6,658 955 828 239 2,584 492 390 1,007 168 4,537 2,618 12, 178 15,170 13, 110 23, 127 886 1,036 3,771 6,636 2,910 18,296 2,380 16,590 10,082 20, 802 7,149 15,363 14,829 12,091 13,8^1 12,682 8,779 9,419 11,736 3,065 13,454 1,742 956 301 3,919 617 721 2,164 321 13,280 6,649 25, 873 38,311 29,359 61,606 1,347 1,SB9 8,616 13, 993 9,953 43,669 3,622 39,113 36,227 70,961 44,481 63, 616 26,206 30,462 38,365 36,629 SO, 167 22,118 49,156 7,233 40,022 4,739 4,143 B.SSO 10,731 2,442 2,896 6,143 3,m 38,400 16,447 60,183 30,007 11,721 63,486 169 (X) 9,631 17,204 7,048 38,192 1,758 28,686 19,895 27,594 16,002 16,656 2,254 11,961 10,746 17,219 (X) 3,422 11,804 2,961 12,147 6,920 2,716 (X) 9,265 -> Iowa 3 4 5 r, North Datota South Dakota Nebraska 7 Kansas R South Atlantic: 1) 10 11 Dist. Columbia 12 13 14 1^ West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 16 17 E. South Central: Kentucky IS 19 20 •'1 Mississippi W. South Central: 99 ''3 ?4 Texas •"•, Mountain: 96 Idaho 97 Wyoming 9^ 29 '0 New Mexico 2,782 5,078 (X) 9,919 3,288 38,409 Utah 3'' Nevada 33 PACinc: Washington California ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOBDING TO SIZE. 409 AGE NUMBER OP -WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDKD BY FOR 1914, 1909, AND 1904 AND BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. [See note at head of this table, pp. 4 )6 and 407.] VALUE OF PEODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS 'WITH PRODUCT OP— Less than 15,000. $5,000 to $20,000. $20,000 to .5100,000. $100,000 to $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE FOE ESTABLISH- MENTS WITH PRODUCT OF — Less than $5,000. $5,000 to $20,000. $20,000 to $100,000. $100,000 to $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over. Expressed in thousands. $5,094 5,438 8,427 906 1, 2,979 3,625 610 4,202 327 5,823 2,645 5,735 1,839 4,447 2,214 4,314 5,141 3,203 2,322 2,786 1,577 3, 5,156 $19,743 19, 177 25,007 2,000 %--' 7,026 2,961 16,708 2,116 17, 850 8,031 14,504 4,760 14,927 10,656 11,426 12,937 9,692 6,294 7, 6,591 6,824 15,939 1,021 2,922 77X 2,426 468 811 2,198 7,182 \m 1,16£ 265 1,264 1,138 2,945 162 682 3,278 13,044 2,221 7,81C 8,683 36,957 $63,585 61,972 65,177 4,038 6,484 18,235 17,421 7,000 44,123 5,712 36,176 22,485 37,787 13,192 33, 793 19,439 31,663 32,360 23,162 13,740 17,009 24,286 10,886 38,649 5,906 4,061 1,327 13,143 1,860 2,378 8,137 1,390 39,264 19,682 89,915 $144,677 108,530 209,474 8,893 ii,8S6 36,676 84,359 27, 307 130, 761 13, 131 110,116 79, 160 133,261 89,245 143,239 42,989 110,327 111,066 87,053 57,194 49,721 116, 37,785 136,447 18,193 15,283 8,ei8 42, 408 6, 893 7,186 20,442 tS,849 118,381 54,903 253,988 $260,265 125,633 329, r— 5,310 (X) 168,702 208,536 18, 156 181,956 7,694 95,074 81,200 98,155 29,866 56, 865 5,844 72,629 50,569 56, 786 (X) 6,729 106,950 43,342 165,090 56,404 5,906 (X) 71,! 52,997 64,481 (X) 71,360 25,146 323,357 $3,358 3,463 5,352 677 825 1,917 2, 274 367 2,571 232 3,686 1,801 '3,931 1,251 3,136 1,419 2,788 3,125 2,220 1,666 1,833 1,001 2,013 3,472 730 627 318 .,494 291 181 740 101 2,226 1,522 5,914 $10,371 $23,118 10,321 19, 866 14,352 33,028 1,009 1,677 1,343 2,080 3,741 6,433 4,959 7,874 1,358 2,546 8,540 19,828 1,328 3,415 9,810 15,887 4,645 11,466 8,186 16,347 2,827 6,749 9,37C 14,610 7,001 11,813 6,281 13,907 6,843 14,824 6,117 11,913 4,069 7,816 4,618 8,440 3,780 11,924 3,783 4,719 9,677 18,093 1,795 3,041 1,438 1,768 463 593 4,267 6,149 682 913 764 1,472 1,637 3,194 398 667 7,828 19,982 4,685 8,990 22,332 44,965 $56,613 47,625 87,705 2,384 2,812 14,515 20,326 12,072 66,097 7,449 41,904 40,267 45, 923 29,668 49, 126 24,018 65, 822 45,759 30,912 24,670 21,260 63,287 11,362 49,267 6,602 4,289 17,926 3,003 3,430 9,172 6,601 55,699 24,344 100,289 $63,045 24,0.36 108, 800 915 (X) 20,896 26,663 8,042 51,741 4,315 37,433 25,301 45,083 8,397 16, 940 3,046 36,621 IS, 091 20,224 (X) 2,882 27,435 9,160 27,627 23,237 3,238 (X) 17,248 18,959 10,136 Cx) 22,983 6,963 91,836 410 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1&14. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND Tatole 196 Aeroplanes and parts Agricultuial implements Aluminum ware Ammunition Artificial flowers Artificial limbs Artificial stone products Artists' materials Asbestos products, not including steam packing. Automobile bodies and parts Automobile repairing Automobiles Awnings, tents, and sails Babbitt metal and solder Bags, other than paper Bags, paper, not mcluding bags made in paper mills. Bakmg powders and yeast Baskets, and rattan and willow ware — BeUs , Belting and hose, rubber Belting and hose, woven Belting, leather BiUiard tables and materials Blacking, stains, and dresstags Bluing Bone, carbon, and lamp black Bookbinding and blank-book making. . . Boot and shoe cut stock, exclusive of that produced in boot and shoe lactories. Boot and shoe findings, exclusive of those produced in boot and shoe factories. Boots and shoes Boots and shoes, rubber Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Boxes, wooden packmg Brass, bronze, and copper products Bread and other bakery products Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and flre-clay products. Brooms Brushes Butter.,: , Butter, reworking Buttons Candles Canning and preserving, fish Caiming and preserving, fruits and vege- tables. Canning and preserving, oysters Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not made in paper mills Carpets and rugs, oth er than rag Carpets, rag CaiTiage and wagon mat erials Carriages and sleds, children's Carriages, wagons, and repairs Cars and general shop construction and repairs by electric-railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Cars, electric-railroad, not Including operations of railroad companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Cash registers and calculating machines. . Cement Es- tab- lish- ments. 16 601 37 32 217 153 3,548 44 32 971 3,273 300 888 109 ] 59 124 419 12 18 31 151 54 197 66 37 1,124 236 369 1,355 23 238 1,043 1,174 992 25,963 3,239 359 4,356 17 517 16 330 3,153 65 58 18 97 463 456 92 4,601 649 52 133 Wage earners (aver- age number) 168 48, 459 4,614 11,493 4, 488 10,255 604 962 47,785 12,562 79, 307 5,073 1,036 9,358 3,505 2,270 4,574 446 5,115 952 2,951 1,453 1, — 254 339 21,693 7,819 6,714 191,555 18,687 6,835 46, 311 38, 548 40, 306 124,052 100, 182 5,642 7,213 14, 149 304 14,511 387 9,069 60,326 2,087 517 1,159 31, 309 2,130 11,087 5,900 41,304 26,384 339,518 3,840 64,288 8,956 27, 916 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — earn- ers. 51 230 79 12 9 3 22 106 32 '"7 6 42 82 ,954 30 191 32 294 lto5 wage eameiB. 242 72 96 2,970 18 12 402 2,551 56 595 66 39 62 165 3 110 43 14 475 71 146 214 75 116 419 397 18,280 1,031 460 168 3,598 2 213 3 126 1,656 14 35 2 245 171 20 2,835 253 76 1 5 16 7 Wage earn- ers. 20 520 23 8 197 215 4,908 38 27 997 5,576 159 1,424 149 93 32 122 369 11 17 215 73 231 100 41 1,233 211 395 579 210 384 930 1,030 39, 688 2 1,048 438 6,400 3 628 7 362 3,916 6 576 399 60 6,845 719 234 15 20 33 21 6 to 20 wage earners. si . 03 (n Si H 110 11 5 61 15 299 11 247 425 74 172 20 22 12 18 79 4 1 10 35 15 36 6 10 362 106 231 2 74 348 282 278 ,024 996 158 90 376 10 117 6 119 18 968 193 194 1 earn- ers. 65 1,367 164 61 729 172 3,018 120 78 2,803 4,067 942 1,810 249 242 147 189 909 47 15 113 392 165 348 91 130 4,068 1,027 1,212 2,887 13 877 4,624 3,473 3,159 28,499 11,910 1 1,017 3,757 91 1,304 42 958 10,521 209 192 77 222 816 1,446 194 9,845 2,134 2,503 16 72 159 21 to 50 wage earners. 2 1=1 ■sa 117 53 44 33 4 25 15 earn- ers. 24 2,408 77 164 1,503 101 1,392 293 194 3,878 1,567 1,491 9S4 128 814 523 333 1,657 68 76 321 394 127 188 63 44 3,916 1,211 6,890 33 1,759 11,142 6,992 3,664 13, 489 21,315 1,370 1,168 1,943 119 2,970 162 2,279 11,033 646 56 146 583 507 2,540 489 6,085 3,537 6,840 327 257 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCORDING TO SIZE. 411 NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS IN EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — . PEE CENT OP TOTAL AVEEAGE NUMBEK OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS EM- PLOYING SPECIFIED NUMBER. 61 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 251 to 600 wage earners. 601 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. Ito 5. 6 to 20. 21 to 60. 51 to 100. 101 to 250. 261 to 500. SOI to 1,000. Over 1,000. Is Wage earn- ers. ■a . as 11 M Wage earn- ers. Wage earn- ers. if Wage earn- ers. k •§1 tn p Wage earn- ers. 1 45 2 6 11 59 3,156 164 396 772 11.9 1.1 0.5 0.1 4.1 44.1 47.9 6.3 2.8 2.1 44.4 0.2 28.1 14.4 1.0 0.9 6.4 8.1 2.5 "i.s 7.3 5.0 13.1 39.4 12.1 5.7 2.7 6.9 0.3 "s.'e 0.8 2.4 2.6 31.9 2.9 18.6 6.1 45.2 1.0 3.6 1.8 4.0 7.8 2.1 18.6 38.7 2.8 3.6 0.6 15.2 35.2 29.4 19.9 8.1 5.9 32.4 1.2 35.7 24.1 2.6 4.2 8.3 19.9 10.6 0.3 11.9 13.3 10.7 19.7 36.8 38.3 18.8 13.1 18.1 1.5 0.1 15.1 10.2 9.0 7.8 23.0 11.9 29.2 14.1 26.6 29.9 9.0 10.9 10.6 20.9 10.0 37.1 6.6 0.7 38.3 13.0 3.3 23.8 8.1 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3 14.3 5.0 1.7 1.4 31.2 20.7 13.6 48.5 20.2 8.1 12.5 1.9 19.4 12.4 8.7 14.9 14.7 34.0 16.3 1.5 33.7 13.4 8.7 10.6 24.8 13.0 18.1 16.5 28.2 3.6 0.2 30.1 24.6 18.1 9.1 10.9 21.3 24.3 16.2 13.7 39.1 20.5 41.9 2,5.1 21.9 26.2 10.8 12.6 1.9 23.8 22.9 8.3 14.7 13.4 2.0 2.3 0.8 1.8 0.9 35.1 6.6 3.6 3.4 16.1 1 50 4 7 11 8,286 679 1,105 1,607 22 4 1 7,894 1,593 491 14 8,948 7 1 2 16,880 2,014 8,076 17.1 12.5 9.6 33.4 16.3 34.6 4.2 18.5 io.'i 32.8 43.6 70.3 2 3 2 1,193 4 6 8 1 4 54 9 664 52 366 3,701 617 2,382 aw 3 1 373 101 5.5 8.6 38.0 7.7 4.9 3.0 6.5 37.9 7.2 30.2 18.6 24.6 15.7 3.8 26.1 17.3 is.' 7 3.6 16.7 18.0 5.9 9.6 10.4 11.3 46.6 26.4 27.6 13.4 55.9 21.8 "2i.'4 16.6 24.9 ; s 1 26 297 9,674 30.9 20.2 17.0 20.9 9 57 5 46 4 1 27 6 5 4 2 6 8,616 735 7,564 527 117 4,3.55 927 627 614 249 1,117 11 8,106 6 10,010 10 1) 23 8,703 10 7,501 14 50, 666 11.0 9.5 63. S 12 13 6 .'^92 1' s 13 5 17 1 3 4 7 671 1,057 423 1,125 70 193 248 510 8 2 2 3,183 819 676 34.0 23.4 26.4 1,'i 16 17 18 19 2 1 724 253 3 1,948 1 1,043 14.2 26.8 'i7.'9 38.1 20.4 20 21 4 1 2 632 227 441 1 1 808 871 27.4 69.9 2? 2: 3 242 1 316 ?,■ 2R 2 51 20 22 203 124 3,616 1,496 1,474 14,919 36.6 16.7 19.1 22.0 7.8 '25.'i 21.1 23.9 9.7 8.4 22.4 12.4 21.1 7.2 29.9 22.3 '22.8 16.9 36.1 11.6 31.7 3.7 10 8 23.9 16.8 12.7 9.9 4.6 1.9 2.2 3.6 5.0 26 29 8 7 252 2 7 82 79 39 102 173 6 7 8 4,407 1,243 1,054 41,220 355 960 11,817 11,684 6,693 16,463 26,122 880 1,096 1,033 9 1 2 140 7 2 14 11 14 23 31 3,356 311 684 48,947 2,935 564 4,591 3,870 4,633 7,965 9,986 2 3 1,098 2,320 20.3 15.9 16.7 21.5 1.9 16.5 26.1 30.1 16.6 12.5 26.1 15.6 15.2 7.3 15.6 4.0 in ? 6.1 29.7 27 28 2(1 67 6 45,964 4,824 18 6 30,149 10, 627 25.6 16.7 9.7 10.1 10.1 11.5 6.4 9.9 24.0 25.8 16.7 56.3 30 31 19 136 128 55 141 320 10 21 IS 1 45 1,465 9,557 9,220 3,891 10,408 22,416 699 1,520 1,016 91 3,238 W 2 4 4 7 7 1,219 2,479 2,870 5,334 4,504 1 2 1 1,977 'i4,'366 3,316 1,001 2.7 6.4 7.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 "35."6 2.7 1.0 33 34 35 36 37 3S 4 1,445 1 530 .... 20.0 7.3 3a 4(1 ' 4- 23 1 12 66 3 1 1 26 3,539 176 1,849 10,271 536 113 116 4,143 7 2,355 1 577 .... 24.4 45.5 20.4 20.4 25.6 21.9 10.0 13.2 16.2 4.0 42 4.1 30 114 11 1 6 15 3 38 13 75 37 213 1 15 4 18 2,065 8,012 754 60 367 1,163 231 2,653 992 5,258 2,623 15,634 73 1,214 268 1,392 1 12 293 3,925 2 2 1,263 1,673 .... "i,'674 3.2 7.8 13.9 3.1 "2.1 44 46 4(i 47 1 7 453 2,399 39.1 7.7 4f 6 3,956 8 18,837 '27.'6 3.6 1.0 16.6 2.7 0.1 0.4 (') (■) 0.1 12.6 60.2 49 ,5(1 18 12 37 34 287 4 20 6 57 2,969 1,771 6,186 4,862 45,788 716 2,943 928 10,128 1 "i 3 62 1 15 2 1 1,090 " '2,' 708 3,878 109,986 1,469 34, 624 6,921 1,641 26.7 30.0 12.6 18.4 13.5 18.6 6.4 2.9 36.3 9.8 ' 6." 6 14.7 32.4 38.3 63.8 77.3 5.9 5- 6 11 9 197 3 16 1 28 1,705 3,729 3,366 67,492 904 5,821 330 9,714 1 3 8 131 1 13 689 1,648 5,265 91,041 660 9,154 28.9 9.0 12.8 19.9 23.6 10.7 10.4 31.8 11.7 4.0 20.0 26.8 14.6 16.9 3.7 10.8 52 53 64 -"5 56 57 58 7 4,675 S'J ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 412 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJEES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND TaDle 196— Continued. Es- tab- lish- ments. Charcoal, not including production in ttie lumber and wood distillationindustries. Cbeese Chemicals China decorating, not includ in g that done in potteries. Chocolate and cocoa products, not in- cluding confectionery. Cleansing and polishing preparations Clocks Cloth, sponging and reflnishing Clothing, horse Clothing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonlioles Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. . . Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Coke, not including gas-house coke Collars and cuffs, men's Combs and hairpins, not made from metal or rubber. Condensed milk and milk products, other thanbutterand cheese. Confectionery and ice cream Cooperage Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work C ordage and twine Cordials and flavoring sirups Cork, cutting Corsets Cotton goods Cotton lace Cotton small wares Crucibles Cutlery and edge tools Dairymen's, poultrymen's, and apia- rists' supplies. Dental goods Drug grinding Druggists' preparations Dyemg and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. Dyestuffs and extracts Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Electroplating Emery and other abrasive wheels Enameling Engines, steam, gas, and water Engravers' materials Engraving and diesinking Engraving, steel and copper plate, in- cluding plate printing. Engraving, wood Envelopes Explosives Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. . Feathers and plumes Felt goods Fertilizers Files Firearms Fire extinguishers, chemical Fireworks Flags and banners Flavoring extracts Flax and hemp, dressed Wage earners (aver- age number). 47 3,082 395 51 61 37 4,830 139 5,564 696 287 231 35 190 4,8 259 527 '105 142 52 167 1,179 41 108 10 252 236 172 29 416 507 112 1,030 479 49 77 446 13 486 72 90 111 493 239 63 784 27 41 87 424 16 No wage eani' 228 2, 32,311 295 4,160 1,239 6,754 901 1, 173, 747 672 168, 907 8,549 9,468 21,107 10, 100 2,773 6,002 64,034 17,128 28,714 15, 769 929 3,454 20,496 379,306 7,440 6,598 302 16, 561 5,551 3, 1,059 9,277 48,467 2,839 118,078 2,584 2,387 1,314 29,657 106 1,536 6,859 302 6,970 6,306 7,399 4,483 4,035 22, 815 4,349 7,064 256 1,324 1,495 1,461 116! ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — is a a 545 11 13 129 1 1 2 202 18 127 54 17 556 74 391 1 19 7 10 5 35 23 162 57 28 ItoS wage earners. .a . ■9 9 2,509 120 25 227 20 11 8 1,195 89 1,024 356 72 15 5 17 41 2,962 751 2,982 14 95 16 50 18 4 17 Wage earn- ers. 2,359 302 6 to 20 wage i2 fl 20 109 36 25 447 61 39 24 ,3701,769 2221 27 , 183 2, 132 863 193 180 84 76 9 50 140 6,391 1,606 6,906 34 206 36 124 60 11 54 65 113 204 83 37 307 284 13 42 120 6 259 147 33 8 24 215 81 6 330 15 4 14 14 160 256 726 34 112 340 19 538 385 71 26 59 682 220 15 928 46 10 31 41 107 5361 20l 227 1,257 86 96 346 108 336 85 21,620 242 26, 795 2,097 1,014 103 160 33 263 129 16 15 107 6 57 129 17 18 129 84 9 200 •11 Wage 94 118 756 8,127 2,773 9,554 155 237 144 402 833 34 330 59 614 568 424 106 1,107 2,072 383 3,108 1, 192 214 1,350 60 592 1,457 216 1,602 978 107 2,172 126 73 70 177 276 21 to 50 wage earners. 12 11 1,007 4 1, 58 61 75 6 19 Wage eam- 195 1,742 146 228 357 360 32,683 133 46,324 1,839 2,199 2,417 165 711 1,580 8,785 3,441 6,448 1,038 134 2'!4 634 4,411 172 911 117 1,035 1,156 212 173 1,056 3 ■-■ 4,720 331 224 201 2,853 27 187 1,296 779 1,169 1,732 1, 264 3,386 322 108 39 172 473 287 27 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOEDING TO SIZE. 413 NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS IN EACH CLASS, ETC.— Continued. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING- 51 to 100 wage Wage earn- ers. 127 3,064 206 244 356 61 336 372 25,838 75 39, 428 1,718 2,649 2,e 197 2,219 2,374 432 261 57 1,080 3,368 , S)2 6,9 64 391 128 3,492 81 143 1,137 1,458 1,660 951 920 6,448 347 63 174 356 139 101 to 250 wage 3S Wage earn- 4,407 1,807 123 108 230 29, 668 33, 841 1,476 2,192 992 1,055 658 15,625 2,925 1,551 3,763 711 2,666 58, 100 1,702 1,700 126 4,395 1,194 632 143 1,009 8,596 876 15,031 137 "324 138 1,256 2,535 1,252 1,719 910 2,136 7,206 221 674 116 462 251 to 500 wage ri a 25 46 Wage earn- ers. as £• a 1,017 501 to 1,000 wage earners. 634 18, 196 31 14,395 556 681 5,640 896 649 8,069 2,611 1,377 1,761 268 906 6,096 72,1 1,328 632 3, 670 611 558 2,229 7,748 15,183 S35 311 1,739 1,415 304 2,676 1,230 2,059 20 Wage earn- ers. 6,197 592 2,323 21, 787 3,448 ' 653 2,483 2,352 7,057 786 572 2,958 2,976 94, 808 2,670 1,615 2,538 1,334 1,295 604 11,247 13, 874 1,646 2,816 515 737 Over 1,000 wage earners. si . 2,068 1,652 Wage earn- ers. 10,647 1,160 2,671 20,585 "i,'493 2,633 5,395 4,940 1,135 7,537 133,762 1,063 1,' 11,502 6,860 1,255 2,426 PER CENT OF TOTAL AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING SPECIFIED NUMBER. ItO 6. 34. 81.1 0, 21.4 0.2 36.1 0.8 4 1.4 1, 33.0 1 10.1 1.9 0.4 0.1 1.8 2.3 10.0 9.4 24.1 0.2 2.2 1.0 0. (') 0.1 0.8 0.9 8.3 2.1 5.4 0.6 3.0 0.7 28.1 1.4 8.6 1.1 17.9 35.0 5.6 23.5 0.4 0.9 7.9 4.9 0.4 4.1 1.0 0.1 12.1 3.1 7.2 36.7 17.2 6 to 20. 7. 3. 29.2 2.3 27.8 1 37.3 5.1 12.4 36.0 15.9 24.6 10.7 2.9 0.9 4.3 12.6 12.7 16.2 33.3 1.0 26.5 4.2 2.0 0.2 0.5 6.0 19.6 3.7 10.2 13 10.0 11.9 4.3 13.6 2.6 51.3 8.0 16.3 4.6 56.6 38.6 21.2 29.1 3.4 3.4 20.3 21.8 2.7 9.5 2.9 1.0 27.3 13.4 18.5 34.2 59.5 21 to 50, 28.9 6.7 6.4 49.5 7.0 6.6 3.4 39,6 21. 18. 19.8 27.4 21.5 23.2 11.5 1 26.6 26. 13.7 20.1 19.0 6.6 14.4 7.1 3.1 1.2 2.3 13.8 38.7 6.2 20. 6.9 16.3 11.4 7.6 61 to 100. 12.8 9.4 15.3 9.6 26.5 12.2 18.9 47.4 11.2 18.5 23.4 31. 6.5 14.8 7.4 1.6 15.2 13.0 31.6 19.6 23.3 4.4 9.6 5.0 19.7 6.3 O.S 20.1 14.9 11.2 23.3 20.1 28.0 12.7 2.0 30.3 37.0 15.6 18.0 11.5 7.1 9.0 8.0 6.2 3 6,1 20.6 14.! 7.1 8.6 6.4 11.6 6.9 23.3 29,3 4.0 5.9 2.6 16.4 9.7 11.8 6.3 13.1 16,3 23.1 21.1 21.2 22.8 28.3 8.0 0, 13.1 23.8 9.5 12.0 13.8 17.1 20.0 17. 23.2 22.1 9, 38.0 11.0 24.4 17.1 6.4 23.9 20.6 13.0 15.3 22.9 25.8 41,7 26.6 21.6 20. 13. 10.9 17.7 30.9 12.7 5.3 24.7 25.8 9.0 IS. 3 30.4 19. 23.2 20, 53.9 31.6 6.1 9.6 46.3 34.9 18.9 251 to 500. 14.6 15.1 38.0 10.5 8.5 6.6 7.2 10.8 12.6 14.7 4.8 11.2 28.8 26.2 24.9 19, 17.8 22.2 11.0 62.7 24.0 16.0 12.9 26.5 14.5 24.9 22.4 4.1 14.7 11.7 28.3 29.1 22.6 601 to 1,000. 19.2 14.2 34.4 12.6 'i'o '5.'8 11.8 23.3 11.0 4.6 2.0 18.8 14.5 26.0 36.0 24.5 16.3 24.0 6.5 23.2 64.8 7.4 11.7 47.3 23.4 Over 1,000. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 414 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND TaDIe 196— Continued. Flour-mill and gristmill products Food preparations, notelsewherospecifled Foundry and maohlue-shop products Foundry supplies Fuel, manufactured Fur goods '. Fumisliing goods, men's Furniture Furs, dressed Galvanizing Gas and electric fixtures Gas, illuminating and heating Gas machines and gas and water meters. Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting Gloves and mittens, leather Glucose and starch Glue, not elsewhere specified Gold and silver, leaf and toil Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Graphite, ground and refined Grease and tallow, not including lubri- cating greases. Grindstones Haircloth Hair work .* Hammocks : Hand stamps Hardware Hardware, saddlery Hat and cap materials Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, fur-felt Hats, straw Hats, wool-felt Hones and whetstones HorseshoeSj not made in steel works or rolling mills. Hosiery and knit goods House furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactured Ink, printing Ink, writing Instruments, professional and scientific. Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel, bolls, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rol- ling mills. Iron and steel, cast-iron pipe Iron and steel, doors and shutters Iron and steel forgings, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling nulls. Iron and steel, wrought pipe Ivory, shell, and bone work, not includ- ing combs and hairpins. Japanning Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases Es- tab- lish- ments. 10,788 1,559 10,640 57 14 1,322 561 3,192 96 48 460 1,284 123 348 635 352 89 67 79 78 11 369 14 19 205 14 277 639 58 98 224 149 30 16 22 1,622 370 2,543 70 54 307 160 427 102 59 43 191 36 54 35 1,914 125 Wage earners (aver- age number). 39, 718 20,306 362,471 565 141 9,030 22, 469 127, 881 1,525 1,580 10, 913 43, 792 4,972 74, 502 8,067 10,668 4, 3,129 1,135 456 250 5,106 686 595 1,193 285 1,321 41,213 2,511 1,776 7,322 21,318 9,483 '170 588 150, 520 6,935 23,011 1,391 512 7,107 29,356 248,716 10,658 12, 667 1,1 10,689 2,644 8,845 795 228 28,289 2,393 ESTAEUSHMENTS EMPLOYING— No wage earn- ers. ■is 1,887 207 27 155 8 1 17 50 4 205 1 to6 wage earners. ■ss 7,667 833 4,306 33 5 826 123 987 34 16 188 620 59 5 271 106 65 17 24 43 5 219 2 2 120 4 147 174 21 42 230 74 33 - 11 9 , 10 295 190 1,453 29 29 140 15 2 16 20 841 37 Wage earn- ers. 1,366 ^998 ), 945 84 II !,037 356 !,581 82 53 505 1,529 149 16 715 267 147 33 78 104 16 580 7 2 313 10 338 463 60 97 194 84 30 26 40 4,168 86 347 12 35 4 45 43 2,159 112 6 to 20 wage earners. 953 331 ,801 17 7 316 162 727 40 15 146 341 22 17 216 107 7 12 31 50 6 49 127 10 41 230 46 26 2 4 4 360 87 823 20 3 76 11 16 20 6 20 7 518 48 earn, ers. 1,625 ,725 ,723 204 69 ,242 ,953 ;,805 441 177 ,641 ,803 259 251 1,451 ,233 76 159 379 28 19 110 527 69 438 1,534 129 411 2,632 510 309 29 49 49 4,445 974 217 26 143 196 254 114 601 267 56 190 73 5,762 524 21 to 50 wage earners. -SO |9 196 115 1,377 2 74 125 604 10 12 67 127 16 31 75 53 1 5 10 4 30 82 4 7 54 22 40 7 1 4 291 39 9 6 4 217 19 6,046 3,694 44, 522 38 61 2,147 4,341 20,274 318 387 2,157 4,156 635 1,096 2,449 1,706 50 186 299 131 102 985 228 65 226 100 260 2,696 145 273 1,612 671 1,374 258 9,738 1,237 6,024 307 85 946 466 1, 119 818 132 435 1,318 347 144 112 7,029 626 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCORDING TO SIZE. 415 NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS IN EACH CLASS, ETC.— Continued. ESTABUSHMENTS EMPLOYING — FEB CENT OF TOTAL AVEEAGE NUMBEK OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING SPECIFIED NUMBER. 51 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 261 to 500 wage earners. 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. Ito 5. 6 to 20. 21 to 50. 61 to 100. 101 to 250. 251 to 500. 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. is |6 Wage earn- ers. Wage earn- ers. 11 Wage earn- ers. CO p Wage earn- ers. Wage earn- ers. 65 45 695 3 4,516 3,280 48,392 229 16 19 536 2,202 3,249 83,981 3 ■ 5 181 1,191 1,724 63,221 2 4 57 1,773 2,636 37,963 "24 '41,' 724 36.2 9.8 3.0 15.1 7.8 22.6 1.6 2.0 5.4 3.4 4.6 %], 2.4 3.3 1.1 6.9 22.8 6.4 11.4 1.0 0.3 26.2 3.5 25.6 1.1 2.0 5.5 9.1 0.9 0.9 2.4 15.3 6.8 0.6 6.3 18.1 6.2 13.5 4.9 0.1 (') 0.5 0.1 1.7 0.8 1.3 0.1 5.7 18.9 7.6 4.7 24.2 18.3 8.8 30.8 48.9 36.9 8.7 6.9 28.9 11.2 15.0 8.7 5.2 0.3 30.4 11.6 1.7 5.1 33.4 18.4 11.2 13.5 2.8 18.5 44.2 20.7 33.2 3.7 5.1 23.2 35.9 2.4 3.3 2.3 28.8 8.3 3.0 14.0 38.8 15.6 5.1 11.7 0.5 0.1 2.4 0.3 5.7 5.6 10.1 0.6 23.9 32.0 20.4 21.9 15.2 18.2 12.3 6.8 43.3 23.8 19.3 15.9 20.9 24.5 19.8 9.6 10.8 1.5 30.4 16.0 1.1 5.9 26.3 28.7 40.8 19.3 33.2 10.9 18.9 35.1 19.7 6.5 6.8 16.4 22.0 3.1 14.5 20.7 25.3 22.2 6.5 17.8 26.2 22.1 16.6 13.3 1.6 0.4 7.7 1.0 21.9 12.3 17.0 3.9 ,18:1 49.1 24.8 20.1 11.4 16.2 13.4 41.3 5.5 16.0 23.2 3.0 17.4 4.5 13.0 10.6 'ii.'s 1 2 3 c 12 69 421 2 1 24 69 4 72 20 37 1 7 827 5,090 31, 104 114 55 1,487 4,867 366 5,542 1,479 2,537 65 508 3 32 236 1 2 13 44 9 126 8 21 7 9 1 442 4,770 35,518 234 324 2,052 7,258 1,402 20,060 973 3,293 1,300 1,470 118 1 10 44 1 335 3,093 15,001 336 9.2 22.7 24.3 7.5 3.5 13.6 11.1 7.3 7.4 18.3 23.8 1.4 16.2 'so.'o '26.' 2 26.7 50.9 'i3.'2 8.2 7.5 16.2 18.7 8.1 19.1 5.5 30.6 41.7 12.7 8.4 9.6 28.1 14.3 4.0 10.3 1.4 10.2 7.8 12.9 22.6 20.6 2.3 15.8 4.9 21.2 27.8 15.3 20.5 18.8 16.6 28.2 26.9 12.1 30.9 28.8 47.0 10.4 3.7 13.8 11.7 22.0 "9.'5 13.9 45.6 31.8 11 2 14 1,478 9,037 1 4 1,378 5,561 6.6 7.1 6.1 4.3 3 <1 1 1 9 584 650 5,897 37.0 6.0 13.5 'i2.'7 23.2 3 18 7 68 1,040 6,109 2,262 23,706 1 6 1,381 10,184 11 12 11 23 16,179 6 7,652 21.7 10.3 14 IF 3 4 1 1 954 1,396 259 261 1 2 1 688 1,475 514 '.'.'.'. 8.9 31.0 8.3 23.0 6.4 32.7 16.4 le 13 IS n 2 137 "f 1 7 2 1 1 1 1 55 7 2 5 30 19 5 104 863 249 115 127 116 111 8,769 1,100 416 777 4,817 2,827 863 41.6 16.9 36.3 19.3 10.6 40.7 8.4 21.3 43.8 23.4 10.6 22.6 29.8 69.1 9.) 18 3 4 1,338 183 303 2 662 12.8 V ?a •?A M ff, 3 46 3 3 20 25 25 - 1 1 3 257 9 34 6 1 4 40 _46 15 12 3 35 7 3 2 174 3,384 186 269 1,368 1,725 1,809 69 52 245 19,071 580 2,217 391 73 285 3,034 3,629 1,086 984 256 2,419 545 212 126 9.1 17 5,794 6 1 4,247 901 8 14,336 14.1 "i7.'4 3.6 28.2 11.6 10.3 35.9 34.8 28 2fl 1 1 17 3 309 264 6,002 1,102 3(1 31 2 3 1,101 1,978 2 6,298 5.2 20.8 29.5 32 33 34 S.'i 1 232 8 8 3 2 17 61 92 15 18 3 21 3 7 2 123 36,843 1,258 1,390 390 269 2,729 10, 016 15,414 2,346 2,589 473 3,163 393 1,055 290 20.9 24.5 18.1 6.0 28.0 50.6 38.4 34.1 6.2 22.0 20.6 23.8 29.6 14.8 11.9 30.5 3fi 92 3 1 31,89f 1,141 283 35 2 25,256 1,309 13 22,422 21.2 16.4 1.2 16.8 18.9 14.8 37 38 3fl 4(1 41 3 20 94 8 14 2 9 3 4 1,307 6,266 33,921 2,544 4,825 674 3,098 954 1,344 1 12 87 5 6 657 8,157 61, 185 3,555 3,980 '"i 59 "■i,'263 133,244 18.4 21.3 13.6 23.9 38.4 34.0 29.0 36.3 15.2 9.3 27.8 24.6 33.3 31.7 "4.' 3 53.6 42 43 44 4£ it 41 4f 49 3 2,337 3 3,490 26.4 39.5 5C 51 .55 92 S 6,290 517 36 4 5,211 614 4 1,189 1 049 .... 22.2 21.6 18.4 25.7 4.2 2.3 53 54 1 Less than one-tentli of 1 per cent. 416 CENSUS OF MANXJFACTUEES : 19U. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND Talile 196— Continued. INDUSTKT. Jute goods Labels and tags Lamps and reflectors Lapidary work Lard, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods, not elsewhere specified... Leather, tanned, curried, and finished... Lime Linen goods Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Lithographing Locomotives, not made by railroad com- panies. Looking-glass and picture frames Lubricating greases Lumber and timber products ■- Lumber, planing-mill products, not in- cluding planing mills connected with sawmills. Malt Marble and stone work Matches Mats and matting, from cocoa fiber and grass. Mattresses and spring beds Millinery and lace goods Mineral and soda waters Minerals and earths, ground Mirrors, framed and unframed Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, organs Musical instruments, pianos Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. Needles , xiins, and hooks and eyes Nets and seines Oakum Oil, cottonseed, and cake Oil, essential Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere specified Oilcloth and linoleum, floor Oilcloth , enameled Oleomargarine Optical goods Paints Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Paper patterns Patent medicines and compounds. ...... Paving materials Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling. Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic Pens, gold Pens, steel : ".. Perfumery and cosmetics Es- tab- lish ments. 151 66 27 378 741 627 , 21 434 1,250 318 336 19 438 77 27,229 5,841 97 4,901 20 12 1,000 2,079 5,463 244 182 7lj2 78 127 241 85 255 138 49 15 6 882 105 25 181 18 13 17 314 585 718 310 25 2,903 609 61 14 65 12 5 Wage earners (aver- age ntmiber) 7,987 2,600 7,134 584 19 2,094 585 7,071 55, 936 12,429 3,567 6,295 62, 070 2,292 15,171 17,391 4,787 476 479, 786 96, 214 1,989 54,981 3,800 11,747 45,274 15,506 4,707 3,184 4,274 6,680 700 1,831 3,063 23,877 10,616 5,339 1,058 116 21,810 249 1,488 2,049 4,428 1,223 917 7,919 13,349 88,457 13, 495 1,073 13,328 19, 540 2,353 4,330 1,154 246 573 2,897 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — No wage earn- ers. la 60 75 730 3 10 106 4 999 133 lt0 5 wage earners. 127 113 293 2 232 178 217 56 1 224 45 16,561 2,583 23 2,874 1 2 520 662 4,168 81 60 447 30 75 97 33 32 90 485 107 38, 535 6, 514 6,5731,814 147 107 13 1,523 144 17 1 22 2 1 246 Wage earn- ers. 14 100 112 26 366 289 652 4 349 576 374 165 4 6 to 20 wage earners. ■s a 139 152 119 4 99 387 69 118 6,324 5 5 1,426 1.877i 8, 459! 268 175 1,148 59 149 182 71 87 76 22 9 13 278 115 1 221 4 15 411 621 95 284 28 2,927 416 44 4 48 9 1 511 46 867 3 396 4 6 44 156 114 87 2 270 223 11 Wage earn- ers. 119 459 454 132 12 244 81 1,707 1, — 1,449 48 1,106 5,105 623 1,132 952 212 69,188 20,'" 646 9,513 29 41 3,024 9,343 4,794 1,099 749 1,783 137 216 273 229 644 386 158 38 5,375 39 81 466 76 1,016 1,678 1,540 1,022 31 2,956 2,832 138 13 21 to 60 wage earners. 13 6 56 141 104 3 45 356 11 71 2 502 147 1,764 4,677 3,371 80 1,421 11,777 406 2,341 1,547 777 799 78 49, 130 24, 716 874 11,321 162 2 16 64 172 48 1 73 150 11 246 693 727 146 3,012 9,663 1,392 1,609 1,114 745 244 466 694 1,769 830 297 112 21 10,649 641 64 77 58 522 2,088 6,856 1,543 26 2,234 4,748 346 195 361 58 34 900 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOEDING TO SIZE. 417 NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS IN EACH CLASS, ETC.— Continued. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING— PEE CENT OF TOTAL AVEP.AGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING SPECIFIED N0MBEE. 51 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 261 to 500 wage earners. 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. Ito 5. 6 to 20. 21 to 50. 51 to 100. 101 to 250. 251 to 600. 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. .a a 11 Wage earn- ers. II Wage earn- ers. 3 Wage earn- ers. si Wage earn- ers. |i Wage earn- ers. 4 7 13 1 339 402 961 08 5 6 12 1 939 980 1,664 141 4 1,681 2 4,650 0.2 3.8 1.6 16.8 36.8 1.8 4.3 6.2 0.5 4.4 0.1 6.5 09 16.3 1.1 (■) 10.1 22.5 8.0 6.8 6.9 11.5 0.1 0.0 12.1 4.1 54.6 5.7 5.5 26.9 0.9 21.3 9.9 2.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.9 11.2 1.3 46.2 0.1 10.8 1.5 17.7 6.4 22.6 63.2 11.7 13.8 24.1 3.5 11.0 1.3 17.6 8.2 27.2 7.5 19.9 44.6 14.4 21.7 32.5 17.3 0.8 4.7 25.7 20.6 30.9 23.3 23.5 41.7 2.1 30.7 14.9 7.5 2.7 3.6 3.0 3.6 '24.' 6 15.7 5.4 22.7 1.6 "i's 12.8 12.6 1.7 7.6 2.9 21.9 14.5 5.9 'i2.'7 37.8 2.3 30 8 3.1 22.8 10.2 24.8 4.2 17.8 13.6 11.0 11.8 37.9 23.3 24.1 21.0 68.2 1 t 6 1,892 2 1,324 20.5 18.5 3 4 5 12 1 17 175 32 3 20 185 3 38 3 13 1 G70 279 3 124 2 853 60 1,167 12,229 2,165 233 1,371 13,082 181 2,575 236 886 79 49, 113 19,254 203 8,898 140 3 2 7 103 19 5 11 87 2 31 3 12 457 272 985 15,346 2,640 721 1,532 12,222 333 4,631 351 1,665 24.0 26.1 24.9 8.4 27.1 2.2 22.6 19.0 17.7 15.4 0.5 16.7 16.4 10.2 26.7 43.9 20.6 4.3 40.7 10.3 16.5 21.8 17.4 6.6 21.8 21.1 7.8 17.0 1.4 18.5 16.6 10.2 20.0 10.2 16.2 3.7 21.8 46.5 13.9 27.4 21.2 20.2 24.3 19.7 14.5 30.6 2.0 34.8 R 7 3 24 6 1 1,083 8,655 1,651 412 15.3 15.5 13.3 11.0 'ii's 16.4 12.4 5.5 S 12 1 3 1 9 7,708 601 2,069 616 5,772 3 5,050 13.8 4.9 58.0 8.1 9.3 9.0 "7.'3 9 10 11 27 1 6 2 9,007 375 1,888 949 3 4,529 13 14 3 3 2,439 2,023 ""s 'is,' 739 16.1 11.6 '79.' 6 15 16 17 18 675 119 1 70 5 5 10 57 4 5 1 107, 409 .17,576 148 10,027 611 823 1,247 8,460 524 782 140 265 17 91, 762 5,393 76 3 60,740 1,818 16 23,909 22.4 18.3 7.4 18.2 16.1 94.7 10.6 18.7 3.4 16.6 4.4 19.1 6.6 10.6 1.9 5.0 19 20 ?T 16 5,023 2 3 1,636 1,656 1 1 2,339 1,197 9.1 2.8 43.6 4.3 31.4 22 24 33 159 5 15 14 8 7 1 5 10 50 16 7 2,316 11,098 337 1,049 1,006 698 557 92 362 084 3,832 1,207 500 2 8 722 2,864 25.6 21.3 9.0 32.1 35.0 17.4 4.3 34.9 24.9 19.4 7.4 7.8 5.6 10.6 18.1 48.8 38.1 19.0 31.3 1.4 6.3 6.3 6.6 15.6 6.6 11.4 2.4 16.8 24.3 14.7 4.5 31.3 23.6 5.9 31.1 19.7 24.5 2.2 22.3 31.6 14.0 8.3 13.1 19.8 22.3 16.0 11.4 9.4 'to.'? 21.5 6.2 6.3 '•i 3 1,969 4.4 26 27 9,8 m 30 5 740 6 2,200 2 2,699 11.1 32.9 40.4 31 32 4 4 44 20 7 3 558 746 7,221 3,162 1,054 518 30.5 24.3 30.2 29.7 19.7 49.0 33 2 17 13 3 1 739 5,592 4,965 977 381 24.1 23.4 46.8 18.3 36.0 34 5 3,338 1 1,394 14.0 5.8 35 36 3 2,331 43.7 37 38 1 68 82 4,682 39 6 826 3.8 4ft 41 7 9 2 5 2 7 35 134 27 1 24 55 10 2 1 1 465 614 169 351 167 502 2,534 9,660 1,916 70 1,794 3,978 685 150 64 86 3 1 1 3 2 9 24 183 23 3 10 22 6 1 401 107 120 441 298 1,421 3,591 29,991 3,570 531 1,700 3,322 888 102 1 258 31.2 30.0 3.8 28.7 17.1 6.3 19.0 10.9 14.2 6.5 13.5 20.4 29.1 3.5 4.7 34.9 26.9 6.2 2.7 36.1 32.5 17.9 26,9 33.9 26.6 49.6 12.8 17.0 37.7 2.4 17.3 42 43 3 1 1 1 7 60 7 1 3 11 1 • 1, 161 350 313 209 2,281 20,630 2,440 387 980 3,699 253 4 2,856 26.0 28.6 34.1 3.4 17.1 32.3 18.1 36.1 7.4 18.9 10.8 '47.'i 64,5 44 0.3 1.6 6.2 4.7 0.1 2.1 2.0 22.0 2.1 1.9 0.1 4.2 3.7 0.2 17.6 46 4fi 2 '"s 1 3,778 "e.'oro 1,836 "'4;2 16.5 6.6 47.7 "6.9 13.6 47 1 21 1 556 14,615 884 48 49 SO 51 1 1 731 545 5.5 2.8 52 53 54 2 1,753 2 2,126 40.5 49.1 .55 2 544 .% 67 1 1 108 126 1 417 IS 8 72.8 58 (i 467 io.il -4.3 59 i Less than one-tenth, of 1 per cei.t. 67031''— 17 27 418 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND Tatole 196— Continued. Petroleum, refining Phonographs and graphophones Photo-engraving, not done in printing establishments. Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pickles, preserves, and sauces Pipes, tobacco Plated ware ■ Plumbers' supplies, not elsewhere speci- fied. Pocketbooks Pottery Poultry, killing and dressing Printing and publishing, book and job. . . Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishmg, newspapers and periodicals. Printing materials Pulp goods Pulp wood Pumps, not including power pumps Pumps, steam and otner power Refrigerators Regalia and society badges and emblems. Rice, cleaning and polishing Roofing materials Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified. . . Rules, ivory and wood Saddlery and harness Safes and vaults Salt Sand and emery paper and cloth Sand-lime brick Sausage, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. Saws ,. Scales and balances Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing-machine cases Sewing machines and attachments Shipbuilding, iron and steel Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building. Shirts Show cases Signs and advertising novelties Silk goods, including throwsters Silversmitning and silverware Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refin ing, copper Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc: Smelting and refining, not from the ore . Soap Soda-water apparatus Sporting and athletic goods Springs, steel, car and carriage, not made in steel works or rolling mills Stamped and enamel ware, not elsewhere specified. Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified . Statuary and art goods Steam fittings and steam and hot-water heating apparatus. Steam packing Stencils and brands Stereotyping and electro typing Es- tab- lish- ments. 178 18 376 87 59 072 47 72 260 64 350 116 12, 115 180 19,317 94 24 20 96 87 134 138 59 170 301 10 2,551 39 98 12 45 512 100 83 66 12 4 46 79 1,068 792 132 776 902 108 1,279 37 22 29 84 371 67 162 84 270 189 190 295 149 107 189 Wage earners (aver- age number). 25,366 9, 381 6,211 2,016 6,668 12, 590 2,354 8,717 18, 479 1,466 26,706 1,353 113,121 873 114,375 423 1,664 421 2,134 6,188 5,617 2,010 1,253 4, 50,220 408 12, 969 2,972 5, """ 681 657 2,244 4,560 4,467 3,643 4,446 3,699 14,308 33, ,508 10, 981 61,972 2, 257 9, .666 108, 170 7,070 98,832 17, 731 7,385 9,617 2, .586 14, 172 2,229 6,602 3,703 28, 731 7,728 1,988 26,388 4,213 446 3,457 ESTADUSHMENTS EMPLOYING — No wage earn- ers. .2 w 19 27 1 2,672 139 5,541 15 1 1 to5 wage earners. Is ■9 a 24 2 110 41 25 340 13 8 67 19 54 009 20 10,749 60 3 17 42 493 1 7 1,718 7 22 14 338 47 26 17 1 143 61 421 63 23 655 44 166 31 58 24 50 7 68 20 64 2 36 Wage earn, ers. 7 323 31 22 152 232 153 14,329 47 24,506 165 10 19 88 90 111 186 20 179 167 11 2,819 24 60 53 726 107 74 63 40 9 1,325 446 116 937 186 57 1,317 107 396 78 112 57 174 229 236 169 163 100 6 to 20 wage earners. .57 9 164 18 18 139 8 17 58 21 58 44 2,337 13 2,151 15 4 2 18 18 35 29 22 40 72 2 214 /ll 15 3 23 77 21 21 12 11 183 196 41 166 170 40 307 1 1 Wage earn- ers. 168 199 1,475 82 206 682 261 753 476 26.046 137 21,854 135 44 27 196 161 299 474 840 13 2,482 162 192 34 236 231 148 137 2,020 2,446 455 1,807 2,227 474 3,503 16 18 204 1,033 123 440 241 784 437 640 768 467 179 1,088 21 to 50 as A a tH to 1,410 28 1, 317 270 2,111 244 383 1,792 335 1,454 403 23,000 128 16,604 123 133 62 Wage earn- ers. 441 340 911 260 744 2, 521 293 853 157 200 485 370 377 2,275 6,720 512 1,673 7,332 419 4,789 40 104 215 1,017 295 377 1,552 379 1,709 471 51 1,512 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCORDING TO SIZE. 419 NUMBEE AND PER CENT OP WAGE EARNERS IN EACH CLASS, ETC.— Continued. ESTABUSBMENTS EMPLOYING — 51 to 100 wage earners. 32 Wage earn- ers. s 831 lU 868 189 150 1,996 200 632 2,823 190 2,768 322 14, 561 64 13,352 144 232 206 837 378 173 87 673 2,308 79 2,218 212 1,090 131 236 362 493 182 151 61 74 -10U..763 2,203 101 to 250 wage Wage earn- ers. 1^ 12 1,990 8,067 819 892 13, 678 974 5,i 373 659 1,125 53 1,044 768 2,402 1,209 145 1,919 481 63 397 2 10 6 4 1 4 20 12 63 2 11 164 9 51 11 38 919 461 600 2,311 563 2,846 3,794 10,377 18,438 497 18,421 1, 143 355 1,140 2,845 233 103 1,260 4,472 2,151 757 2,247 359 261 to 500 wage earners. 28 20 275 1,427 920 520 109 947 2,928 1,665 9,670 356 1,562 25, 545 1,682 8,174 1,799 414 1,793 581 2,763 853 894 1,975 5,923 1,904 301 6,199 1,317 360 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Wage earn- ers. 278 1,059 1,739 252 6,093 9,255 1,100 848 1, 1,003 271 604 6,913 305 778 1,524 853 455 1, 3,235 903 11,868 Wage earn- ers. 5,729 779 674 598 1,283 2,152 3,800 7,366 6,036 1,262 569 12,109 Over 1,000 wage 2,180 26, 514 572 10,426 2,319 3,591 2,496 1,679 1,084 353 6,8 1,8 294 4,432 718 1,582 2,928 4,747 590 7,444 1,442 ■i,"377 1,308 Wage earn- ers. 9,938 8,323 5,370 1,656 2,286 5,345 1,228 1,126 4,502 PER CENT OF TOTAL AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING SPECIFIED NUMBER. 21,511 1,854 1,001 3,233 3,529 8,641 21, 320 6,673 17, 237 1, 48, 327 6,906 0.3 0.1 5.2 4.6 1.0 6.3 1.3 0.3 0. 3.3 0.9 11.3 12.7 5.4 21 39.0 0.6 4.5 4.1 1.5 2.0 9.3 1.6 4.4 0.3 2.7 21. 0. 1. 6 to 21 to 20. 60. 2.7 1.4 32.0 3.0 11.7 3.5 2.4 3.7 17.8 2.8 35.1 22.1 15.7 19.1 1,906 3,773 3,597 9,758 9.5 32.3 2.3 1.7 1.5 0.1 0. (') 12.1 0.9 5.1 9.8 0.2 0.8 1.3 P) 4. 2.8 3.5 2.0 1.5 2.2 11.5 0.9 4.0 36.5 2.9 31.! 2.' 6.. 9.: 2.1 6.1 16.; 23.' 11. 1. 3.2 19. 5. 3. 5. 53. 35. 5.2 5.2 7.3 5. 0.3 29.6 15.7 4.1 16.8 10.4 4.4 9.7 22.9 S.4 29.8 20.3 14.7 14.5 29.1 8.0 20.7 S.5 16.2 12.4 59.4 22.0 3.7 51 to 100. 3.3 1.2 14.0 9.4 2.2 15. 8.5 7.3 15.3 13.0 10. 23. 12.9 7.3 11.7 1.0 0.4 18.4 4.7 20.2 18.9 2.1 6.7 3.5 0.1 0.2 7.9 7.3 5.5 78.5 6.5 2.7 5.6 32.2 2.9 19.4 9.9 16.8 23.1 37.0 21.6 8.1 8.4 10.1 0.3 1.1 20.7 12.9 22.7 17.5 6.8 5.9 4.8 0.2 1.1 8.3 7.2 13.2 6.7 8.4 5.4 19.1 6.5 40.1 11.4 8.7 55.1 9.7 13.5 6.7 8.6 6.9 16, 4.6 19.4 17.1 7.' 21, 19.2 101 to 250. 14.8 22.9 9.0 18.4 23.9 32.6 20.5 25.9 16.3 56.9 16.1 80.0 34.0 16.6 18.4 60.6 11.6 8.2 30. 8.9 16.6 25.5 44.2 52.7 10.5 7.9 11.0 5.0 3.4 1, 0.5 2.3 20.1 15.5 36.3 9.3 12. 13. 5.9 2.1 2.8 2.5 25.6 7, 2.4 18.6 20.7 15.7 7.3 7. 11.4 11.9 251 to 500. 501 to 1,000. 18.5 '4.5 39.1 12.5 27.0 12.1 9.4 17.2 22.8 8.2 '8.0 39.7 20.2 17.9 13.5 14, 13.8 74.8 6.0 51.3 12.7 31.51 43.7 11.5 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. _- 6.0 31.9 26.3 11.7 2 6.6 8.7 15.2 18.6 15.8 16.3 23.6 23.8 8.3 10.1 5.6 18.6 22.5 19.5 38 16.0 53.3 20.6 24.7 15.1 23.5 31 'i6.4 Over 1,000. 5.4 25.4 14.7 11.6 20.2 28.' 3 24.1 14.0 6.3 23.4 10.2 80.7 13.1 26.2 28.9 4.6 1.0 10 11 12 13 14 3.9] 15 18.1 10, 9.7 24.5 8.1 10.5 13.1 48.6 26.0 iiis 19.4 9.5 24.0 24.5 14.8 16. 15.7 35.4 20.5 14.2 5.4 11.7 5.4 14.4 20.1 16 35.4 42.7 32.0 31.7 16.8 37.1 29.5 25.9 18.7 '5^2 31.0 40.7 27.5 72.7 95.4 60.4 63.6 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 12.8 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 15.9 20.8 48.9 12.5 420 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1&14. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND Tatole 196— Continued. Stoves and hot-air furnaces Stoves, gas and oil Structural ironwork, not made in steel works or rolling nulls. Sugar, beet Sugar, cane Sugar, refining Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids Surgical appliarices Suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods. Theatrical scenery Tinfoil Tin plate and terneplate Tinware, not elsewhere specified Tobacco, chewing and smoking , and snuff Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes Tools, not elsewhere specified Toys and games Trunks and valises Turpentine and rosin Type founding Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes Upholstering materials, not elsewhere specified. Varnishes Vault lights and ventilators Vinegar and cider "Wall paper, not made in paper mills Wall plaster Washing machines and clothes wringers. Waste Watch and clock materials Watch cases. .. .• Watches Wheelbarrows Whips Windmills Window and door screens and weather strips. Window shades and fixtures Wue Wire work, including wire rope and cable, not elsewhere specified. Wood carpet Wood distillation, not including turpen- tine and rosin. Wood preserving Wood, turned and carved Wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. . Wool pulling Wool scouring Wool shoddy Woolen and worsted goods All other industries Es- tab- lish- ments. 438 113 1,235 60 181 IS 32 238 216 7 14 31 294 436 13.515 661 290 561 1,394 31 107 265 179 215 45 618 48 165 111 73 25 31 15 21 40 31 220 286 .54 552 6 95 68 828 274 34 24 64 799 8 Wage earners (aver- age number). 29,535 7,790 47,167 7, 3,632 11, 253 3,064 4,282 9,646 88 1,031 5,238 22,584 25,980 152, 892 16, 866 7,887 9,911 34,817 1,054 11,091 4,792 4,426 2,734 601 1,229 4,738 6,; 2,302 2,966 670 3,514 12,390 323 1,163 1,955 3,194 4,077 17, 600 12, 126 166 2,782 2,830 11,615 6,418 708 1,059 2,145 158,692 357 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING— No earn- ers. XI a 39 11 133 4,653 84 14 49 21 2 4 48 46 1 to 5 wage earners. ,o a ■sa 41 435 52 117 74 83 176 ,584 254 218 13 43 122 48 116 14 461 2 55 51 16 4 9 1 7 16 11 124 165 4 253 13 378 139 8 4 13 65 3 Wage earn- ers. 258 125 1,247 160 286 200 237 359 13,513 685 235 640 629 27 106 294 159 314 32 542 9 157 100 61 10 21 2 15 49 20 351 8 603 942 289 144 10 6 to 20 wage earners. fi a SS 95 28 387 6 30 66 7 1 3 06 38 1,416 143 101 147 631 11 19 136 earn- ers. 1,147 356 4,515 942 64 321 641 10 23 799 440 14,680 1,548 1,190 1,713 8,569 114 183 1,1 676 195 428 119 542 373 387 60 73 &6 147 59 452 71 1,417 467 160 2, 607 512 186 91 224 1,018 21 to 60 wage earners. ■=9 CO R earn- ers. 3,172 391 6,952 333 1,237 381 394 120 45 1,418 1,004 11,994 1,984 962 1, 13,499 24 469 797 738 676 155 165 351 977 269 469 208 120 21 168 208 91 342 613 274 1,767 1,206 3,001 995 280 186 829 3,842 61 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOEDING TO SIZE. 421 NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS IN EACH CLASS, ETC. -Continued. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING— PEE CENT OP TOTAL AVERAGE NUMBEE OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING SPECIFZED NUMBER. 61 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 261 to 500 wage earners. 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. 1 to 5. 6 to 20. 3.9 4.6 9.6 0.1 25.9 21 to 50. 51 to 100. 101 to 250. 31.3 10.3 21.5 43.8 18.4 2.9 51.3 17.5 19.9 261 to 600. 17.1 26.4 18.9 16.4 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. 4.9 IS. 2 3.8 Is u Wage earn- ers. Wage earn- ers. j3 Wage earn- ers. Wage earn- ers. .a . 3 42 1= Wage earn- ers. 70 12 89 23 9 1 5 9 20 5,507 868 6,390 1,794 625 86 405 535 1,527 63 5 63 22 5 2 10 6 12 9,263 804 10, 165 3,504 668 321 1,571 750 1,919 16 6 26 4 5,048 2,057 8,898 1,232 6 3 12 2 3,702 1,928 8,217 1,126 1 1 1 1,448 1,261 1,795 0.9 1.6 2.6 10.7 6.0 12.6 4.2 34.1 18.6 11.1 13.6 22.4 17.2 0.8 13.2 12.5 15.8 12.5 24.7 17.4 14.1 1 2 3 4.4 5 2 1 7 2,032 643 338 2,372 9 6,683 2,131 18.1 21.0 7.9 24.6 69.4 18.9 Q 2.1 7.5 6.6 12.4 9.2 7.2 'J 1,668 6.7 2.1 '23.' 8 38.7 ^ 3 2,294 3 6 27 20 170 34 27 30 77 1 8 12 9 3 2 1 7 14 8 9 3 3 249 490 2,015 1,351 12, 160 2,262 1,890 2,070 5,661 68 517 878 660 227 110 94 453 953 581 654 175 200 2 6 28 12 75 3 3 1 7 1 2 644 1,860 10,063 4,086 25,925 892 949 340 2,557 475 747 0.8 1.0 0.4 3.5 1.7 9.6 9.2 15.1 17.3 24.6 10.8 1.6 16.4 23.4 24.7 32.4 34.8 2.5 10.1 16.2 12.3 9.0 2.1 '26.' 3 12.6 3.0 15.9 11.1 0.4 11.7 ie.'s 5.7 22.4 8.0 26.3 8.6 10.4 0.6 2.5 11.6 0.9 6.3 3.9 .7.8 11.8 12.2 18.2 38.8 2.3 4.2 16.6 16.7 21.1 25.8 13.4 7.4 18.1 11.3 15.8 31.0 3.4 0.2 62.0 17.9 4.7 10.7 12.6 1.6 14.6 25.9 29.8 42.6 25.8 15.5 39.6 17.6 38.6 2.4 17.1 24.2 9.4 8.9 5.2 7.9 13.4 24.0 20.9 16.0 5.5 4.7 18.3 12.7 8.3 18.3 7.6 9.6 17.7 26.2 22.0 26.1 5.7 "ir'.b 7.7 15.2 16.2 10.0 1.4 16.6 71.7 38.9 19.9 20.6 18.9 30.1 8.3 11.6 7.9 "43.'9 22.4 10.3 18.5 30.7 26.8 27.9 9.4 33.8 15.6 29.0 29.1 34.4 18.1 62.5 35.6 44.6 15.7 17.0 5.3 12.0 3.4 7.3 46.1 6.7 "li'h 14 32 17 175 34 14 19 20 2 10 8 8 7 1 2,301 5,067 2,684 28,223 5,181 2,112 2,764 3,263 356 1,727 1,391 1,288 941 109 1 5 3 37 5 1 1 1 619 2,985 1,830 25,222 3,271 549 580 739 9.9 13.2 7.0 16.5 19.4 7.0 6.9 2.1 19 1.0 1.4 8.8 4.1 3.0 6.5 1.8 2.6 1.0 6.1 3.6 11.5 6.3 44.1 0.2 2.9 4.3 1.7 1.5 0.6 (■) 4.6 4.2 1.0 9.0 86 ^5^0 2.4 1.6 0.3 8.1 4.5 4.1 1.3 1.4 0.1 2.8 16 14,226 21,185 1,043 54.8, 14 13 9, 15 6.2 16 1« 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 9q 2 1 1,406 644 5,936 12.7 13.4 53.5 2 645 1 :::::::: 15 11 2,462 1,569 4 3 1 2 1,354 1,191 483 733 51.8 29.1 "i'.'s 32.4 4.9 3.1 28.6 22.1 21.0 24.7 1 1 506 859 22.0 18.8 1 1 1 2 113 217 172 382 30 ^1 1 1,684 302 2 4 1,344 3,219 '"'3 "8;464 45.1 2.4 38.2 26.0 '68.' 3 32 ^1 1 1 4 7 6 3 30 2 17 8 33 18 3 1 4 164 55 90 297 485 406 249 2,013 119 1,082 663 2,388 1,213 213 88 248 12,529 ■^1 2 4 4 5 13 30 348 800 732 776 2,124 4,581 1 2 3 5 14 6 321 688 841 1,679 5,094 1,745 29.9 40.9 22.7 19.0 12.1 37.8 27 6 ■!'! 35 9, 36 26.3 38.7 28.9 14.4 37 38 5 2,936 3 6,844 16.7 38.9 39 40 4) 3 6 17 8 359 892 2,677 1,193 12.9 31.6 23.0 18.6 4'' 41 44 3 978 1 1,238 15.2 19.3 46 46 3 3 222 2 408 463 36,000 277 1 1 90 272 352 31,328 38.5 21.6 22.7 77.6 25.7 16.4 19.7 47 48 24 17,613 26 66,218 11.1 35.4 49 50 422 CENSUS OP MANUPACrUKES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND AND 1909 AND BY Tatole 197 DIVISION AND STATE. Estab- lish- ments, Wage earners {average number). ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — No Estab- lish- ments. 1 to 5 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. 6 to 20 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. United States: 1914 1909 Geogeaphic divisions: New England — 1914 1909 Middle Atlantic — 1914 1909 East North Central- 1914 1909 West North Central- 1914 1909 South Atlantic — 1914 1909 East South Central- 1914 1909 West South Central- 1914 1909 Mountain — 1914 1909 Pacific— 1914 1909 New England: Maine New Hampshire . . . . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut ....... ^ . Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Centeal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Centeal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida 275, 791 268, 491 7, 036, 337 6, 615, 046 32,856 27, 712 140,971 136, 289 317, 216 311, 704 54, 379 57, 198 ,466 ,315 013 28,926 28,088 ,410 ,381 1,417 1,339 i,079 1,264 1,206 1,579 1,140,233 1,101,290 2, 366, 940 2, 207, 747 1,680,281 1,513,764 381, 595 374,337 686,-342 663, 015 264, 378 261,772 211,940 204,620 81,113 76, 435 235, 516 213, 166 2,527 2,132 10,623 8,918 7,478 7,274 3,926 3,667 2,024 1,669 1,104 911 1,464 1,028 1,077 677 2,633 1,436 11,282 11, 471 39,865 37, 917 30,823 31,057 16, 587 16, 739 15, 113 13, 719 8,129 8',464 6,928 6,631 3,623 3,174 8,631 7,127 26,631 27, 104 92,419 87,637 66,690 67, 373 33,447 34,200 36, 146 34,326 19,844 21,231 16,423 15, 884 7,350 7,059 19,366 16, 890 6,369 6,645 18,091 17,847 10, 708 11, 196 3,970 4,048 6,854 7,552 3,073 3,816 2,391 3,014 3,065 3,176 3,378 1,736 1,772 12, 013 2,190 4,104 48,203 9,742 27, 521 15,658 8,022 18,388 8,724 9,104 5,974 6,614 2,492 3,136 4,797 514 5,608 2,749 5,507 1,885 4,639 2,518 82, 149 78,993 32, 704 606, 698 113,426 226,264 1,057,857 373,606 924, 478 510, 435 197,503 606,943 271,090 194,310 92, 834 63, 113 152, 182 3,276 3,788 25,144 41,259 22,166 111,585 8,877 102, 820 71,078 136, 844 71, 914 104, 461 55,608 318 132 138 1,249 198 492 5,871 927 3,826 1,720 860 2,613 1,061 1,234 729 619 1,311 131 131 471 634 60 600 79 324 245 .188 172 168 188 1,902 839 971 4,853 956 1,761 22,761 4,484 12,610 7,557 4,367 9,039 4,501 5,369 3,652 4,684 469 664 1,589 1,935 424 2,304 215 3,120 1,545 3,114 912 2,349 1,130 4,147 1,910 2,131 11,904 2,387 4,052 52, 663 10, 941 28,815 17, 229 9,594 20,331 9,804 9,732 7,246 7,305 9,866 863 1,239 3,044 3,886 1,041 5,532 607 7,402 3,391 7,105 2,331 5,967 2,770 613 376 372 2,767 454 778 10,764 2,076 6,252 3,048 1,434 3,466 1,526 1,234 1,015 802 1,327 66 87 269 404 175 1,117 129 1,380 472 1,272 399 1,281 629 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCOKDING TO SIZE. 423 NUMBEE OF WAGE EARNERS IN EACH CLASS BY GBOGR.VrHIC DIVISIONS FOR 19H STATES FOR 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — 21 to 50 wage earners. 61 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 251 to 500 wage earners. 601 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- Ifah- Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. 22,932 23,544 742,629 764,408 11,079 10,964 791,726 782, 298 8,470 8,116 1,321,077 1,268,639 3,108 2,905 1,075,108 1,006,467 1,348 1,223 926, 828 837,473 648 540 1,255,259 1,013,274 2,517 2,660 8,472 8,508 4,920 4,895 1,440 1,425 2,414 2,680 1,105 1,201 848 937 245 237 971 1,001 81,711 87,040 275, 117 276,954 160, 176 160,205 46, 581 45, 785 77,646 86,061 35, 964 38,351 26,730 30, D46 7,642 7,542 31,072 32,435 1,386 1,352 3,971 2,661 2,516 610 626 1,099 1,174 489 509 348 325 108 123 407 420 99, 881 96,061 282,283 279, 053 189, 634 179,996 43,422 44,490 79,794 83,708 34,342 36, 228 25, 184 23,501 7,849 8,690 29,337 30,568 1,186 1,197 2,821 2,691 2,047 1,974 413 417 335 339 285 281 353 296 188,994 188,331 437,703 416,309 319, 129 307, 856 63,376 63,676 144,973 130,198 62, 186 51,959 45,947 43, 478 16,434 13,006 63,335 44,826 502 502 997 941 775 673 163 157 315 118 108 106 106 174, 774 175,508 346,299 327,084 266,766 232, 739 54,361 54,305 108,262 101, 257 40, 197 37,229 36; 214 30,993 12,298 12, 982 36,937 34,360 423 396 333 314 121 126 182, 880 163, 581 292,001 271,396 229,914 211,593 50,729 43,390 80,472 87,099 27, 574 22,882 26, 108 14,010 14, 670 11,183 22, 580 12,339 171 159 213 178 151 116 325, 150 299, 698 425, 591 346,573 328,077 229, 174 46,118 44,482 81,631 55,767 21,483 12,441 10, 616 13,313 6.713 5,257 9,880 6,569 246 169 171 221 404 4,831 998 2,643 1,470 638 1,549 694 318 312 634 23 17 88 148 388 47 334 220 411 160 443 8,056 5,614 6,400 42, 068 7,412 13, 161 166,090 32, 980 86,047 47, 766 21,354 49,761 22, 674 18,621 10.238 10,166 17,274 687 823 2,864 4,839 2,084 12,655 1,464 10,628 7,119 13, 389 4,562 14, 180 n flflR 142 91 58 742 133 220 2,063 623 1,386 801 368 800 407 295 151 125 236 7 4 31 162 30 180 109 204 80 191 10, 178 6,591 4,140 63, 565 9,643 15,764 146, 169 37,694 98, 420 56, 944 26,091 66,941 29,238 21,420 11,116 8,807 16, 676 445 273 2,686 3,620 2,269 11, 624 2,029 13, 187 8,045 14, 943 5,861 13, 880 _U)£fi. 109 73 41 599 113 251 1,272 432 1,117 663 243 571 323 247 70 174 2 4 23 42 37 153 11 113 95 228 91 137 _£& 17,048 11,769 6,090 96, 945 18, 629 39,523 195,018 67, 645 176,040 104,246 36,536 87,771 50,918 16,079 10, 850 26,444 279 516 3,430 6,773 6,860 23,382 1,551 16,719 14,038 35, 474 15, 235 21,240 " ■'•'-' 18 30 14 251 72 117 406 178 413 249 83 210 140 5,969 10, 105 4,604 88,263 25, 802 40,041 138,996 63, 149 144,155 84,905 28, 686 72,283 48,753 32, 139 11,239 7,976 27,474 341 324 2,942 4,066 2,507 15,640 432 11,994 14, 180 20, 253 17,267 14,941 .11,148 20 149 27 169 80 174 103 40 16,582 15, 040 3,819 100,796 18,537 28, 106 117,016 66,926 119,059 72 823 26,713 65,657 32, 411 32,310 14,668 8,129 22, 518 1,379 4,135 1,992 8,357 1,409 7,555 10,840 14,424 19, 833 12,979 3,083 66 46 102 13,639 23, 751 2,339 182, 731 26,010 76,780 129, 662 82,535 213,394 92, 378 33,797 116,247 60,394 26,261 12,190 1,108 17,086 6,160 9,674 4,460 22,183 20,364 8,373 17,4.36 2,480 6,330 424 CENSUS OP MANUFACTTJKES : 1914. ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED ACCOEDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND AND 1909 AND BY Table 197— Continued. DIVISION AND STATE. No wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. "Wage eai'ners (average number) ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING- Estab- lish- ments. 1 to 5 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. ) to 20 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oidahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California 4,184 4,775 3,242 2,209 2,604 2,211 2,518 5,084 337 2,126 368 322 1,109 180 3,829 2,320 10, 057 64, 586 74, 373 78, 717 46, 702 41,979 77, 665 17, 443 74,853 13, 704 8,919 2,989 27, 278 3,776 6,898 13, 894 3,655 67,205 28,829 130, 481 427 424 171 197 144 455 181 108 68 376 64 35 221 24 362 1,.5S3 2,409 2,819 1,667 1,234 1,517 945 1,594 2,872 657 460 224 ,217 231 194 621 119 1,830 1,343 5, 458 5,789 6,534 4,439 3,082 3,345 2,405 2,988 6,685 1,075 926 390 2,470 498 487 1,278 226 4,149 2,926 12, 291 821 919 807 629 538 346 978 119 85 29 347 44 63 159 22 745 388 1,932 8,070 9,663 6.964 6,136 3,811 10, 817 1,265 936 291 3,662 464 695 1,706 258 8,362 4,002 20, 644 ESTABLISHMENTS ACCORDING TO SIZE. 425 NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN EACH CLASS BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS FOR 1914 STATES FOR 1014— Continued. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING— 21 to 50 wage earners. 51 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 261 to 500 wage earners. 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. 284 297 329 195 209 250 77 312 46 19 6 91 13 9 55 6 267 105 699 9,361 9,899 10,382 6,312 6,761 7,84,0 2,340 9,789 1,501 612 197 2,840 419 240 1,656 177 8,613 3,323 19, 136 129 158 121 81 81 134 21 112 13 9 1 41 8 3 29 4 121 60 236 8,796 11,344 8,541 5,661 5,660 9,859 1,624 8,141 832 643 63 3,054 620 213 2,111 323 8,727 4,447 16,163 80 117 80 58 44 130 15 96 9 10 7 36 6 10 17 2 139 43 171 12, 125 17,688 12,597 9,776 6,572 21,257 2,514 15, 604 1,274 1,493 1,093 6,996 1,044 1,732 2,560 242 20,945 6,861 26,629 23 31 43 21 20 53 6 27 11 3 1 10 2 6 2 1 29 17 60 7,451 10,270 14,760 7,716 7,497 17,209 2,006 8,502 3,903 890 282 3,299 731 2,060 829 304 9,466 6,129 21,353 6 6 20 11 5 16 4 16 2 3 1 7 3,409 3,697 13,633 6,835 3,404 10,122 2,260 10,322 1,769 1,974 683 4,037 5 4 4 1 2 2 8,985 6,278 5,669 1,661 2,786 2,837 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 1 1 4,993 2,105 1,446 8 .9 10 11 1 1,930 12 13 2 5 1 9 2I 1,471 3,764 892 6,936 1,141 16,603 14 1'i 1 1 1,233 1,018 16 17 ts 6 8,862 19 Chapter VIII.— PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. The censuses of 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914 distinguished the following general classes of persons engaged in manufacturing industries: (1) Proprietors and firm mem- bers, not including the stockholders of incorporated companies or the members of cooperative associations; (2) salaried officers of corporations; (3) superintendents, managers, clerks, and other salaried employees (at the censuses of 1914 and 1909 superintendents and managers were shown as a separate class) ; and (4) wage earners, including pieceworkers. With the exception of the subdivision of the third group at the censuses of 1914 and 1909, so as to segregate the superintendents and managers from the clerks, stenographers, etc., the classification has remained unchanged since 1899. Methods of determining number of employees. — The most important difference between the inquiries of 1914 and 1909 and those for prior censuses is found in the method of reporting the number employed. For salaried employees the inquiry in 1909 and 1914 called for the number employed on December 15, or the nearest repre- sentative day; in 1904, simply for the number, without specifying any date to which it should relate; and in 1899, for the greatest and least number employed at any one time during the year. The comparative tables published in the present report give the number on December 15, or the nearest representative day, for 1914 and 1909, the number as reported without specification as to date for 1904, and the greatest number reported for 1899. These numbers are doubtless fairly comparable, since this class of employees changes less rapidly than the wage earners and their number may be presumed to undergo comparatively little change within a period as short as a year. In 1899 and 1904 the schedule called for the average number of wage earners 16 years of age and over, by sex, and the average number under 16 years of age, without dis- tinction of sex, for each month, and these monthly statements were combined in an average for the year by adding the figures reported for each class and dividing the respective sums by 12. It was believed that a more accurate and reliable sex and age distribution could be secured by taking as a basis of estimate the actual numbers of the several classes employed on a single day, and computing the average for all wage earners for the year by adding the figures obtained for the 15th day, or the nearest representative day, of the several months, and dividing the sum by 12. Accordingly, the inquiry in regard to wage earners for 1914 and 1909 called for the number employed on the 15th day of each month without distinction of sex or age and also for a report of the number employed on December 15, or the nearest representa- tive day, distinguishing by sex persons 16 years of age or over and those under 16. The 15th of December was selected as representing for most industries normal con- ditions of employment and because it was believed that accurate information could be most readily obtained for a date near the close of the year covered by the canvass; but where conditions were exceptional, particularly in the case of certain seasonal industries, such as canning and preserving, the December date could not properly be accepted as typical, and an earlier date was chosen. For some establishments the number employed December 15, 1914, was less than the average number employed during the year, and therefore the average number shown for some industries and cities is slightly in excess of the number for December 15. The average number of wage earners, as determined not only at the present census but also at the three preceding censuses, represents the number of wage earners that would be required to perform the work done if all were constantly employed during the entire year. The importance of any industry as an employer of labor is believed to be more accurately measured by this average than by the average number em- ployed during the time of actual operation, or by the number on a given day. If an establishment, for example, employs 50 wage earners continuously for six months,, and none the rest of the year, the labor force expended is clearly equal to that of 25 persons working the full year. The number of wage earners, classified by sex and age, reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day, though given for each separate industry, is not (426) PERSONS EXGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 427 totaled for all industries combined, either for the several states or for the United States, because such a combined total is not believed to be significant. In view of the frequent variations in the date to which the figures relate, the total would involve more or less duplication of persons working in different industries at different times, and would, therefore, not represent the total number employed in all industries at any one time. Such a total would also gi\e undue weight to seasonal industries, aa compared with industries in continuous operation, because, in a seasonal industry, the number employed on a representative day is obviously greater than the average for the entire year; and, moreover, those seasonal industries, such as canning and pre- serving, where the distribution of the wage earners by sex and age is materially dif- ferent from that in most industries of more regular operation, would affect unduly the sex and age distribution of the totals tor all industries combined. In order to determine as nearly aa possible the sex and age distribution of the aver- age number of wage earners in any given state as a whole, the per cent distribution by sex and age of the wage earners in each industry for December 15, or the nearest repre- sentative day, has been calculated from the actual numbers reported for that day. This percentage has been applied to the average number of all wage earners for the year in that industry, and thus an estimate of the average number of men, women, and children employed during the year has been obtained . These calculated averages for the several industries within each state have been added to give the average dis- tribution for the state as a whole, and the sum of these averages for the several states has been used to determine the sex and age distribution of persons engaged in manu- facturing industries for the country as a whole. Summary for the United States : 1914 and 1909. — The total number of persons re- ported as engaged in manufacturing industries in the United States in the year 1914 was 8,263,153, and in 1909 it was 7,678,578. The distribution of these totals by oc- cupational status and by sex, and in the case of wage earners by age also (whether 16 years or over or under 16 years) is shown in the following table: Tame 198 Cen- sus PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. CLASS. Per cent distri- bution. Per cent of total. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 8, 263, 153 7,678,578 6,613,466 6, 162, 263 1,649,687 1,616,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 80.0 80.3 20.0 19.7 Proprietors and officials 501,681 487, 173 485,602 472, 914 16, 179 14,259 6.1 6.3 7.3 7.7 1.0 0.9 96.8 97.1 3.2 2.9 Proprietors and firm mem- bers. 262,599 273,265 252, 430 263,673 10, 169 9,592 3.2 3.6 3.8 4.3 0.6 0.6 90.1 96.5 3.9 3.5 Salaried officers of corpora- tions. 1914 1909 92, 671 80,735 89, 749 78,937 2,922 1,798 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.2 0.1 96.8 97.8 3.2 2.2 Superintendents and man- agers. 1914 1909 146, 411 133, 173 143,323 130,304 3,088 2,869 1.8 1.7 2.2 2.1 0.2 0.2 97.9 97.8 2.1 2.2 Clerics and other subordinate salaried employees. 1914 1909 726, 135 576, 359 536,967 437,056 188, 168 139, 303 8.8 7.5 8.1 7.1 11.4 9.2 74.1 75.8 25.9 24.2 Wage earners (average num- ber). 1914 1909 1914 1909 7,036,337 6,615,046 5, .590, 997 5,252,293 1, 445, 340 1,362,753 85.1 86.1 84.5 85.2 87.6 89.9 79.5 79.4 20.5 20. B 16 years of age and over 6, 914, 564 6,453,563 5,525,198 6, 163, 164 1, 389, 366 1,290,389 83.6 84.0 83.5 83.8 84.2 85.1 79.9 80.0 20.1 20.0 Under 16 years of age 1914 1909 121,773 161,493 65,799 89, 129 55,974 72, 364 1.5 2.1 1.0 1.4 3.4 4.8 54.0 65.2 46.0 44.8 Proprietors and firm members represent the owners of establishments not under the corporate or cooperative form of organization. Under the instructions to special agents, silent partners of firms were to be included, as well as active partners. The salaried officers of corporations are intended to include only officers — such as the president, secretary, and treasurer — receiving regular annual salaries, but not direc- tors who merely receive occasional fees for attending meetings. Foremen whose duties 428 CENSUS OP MANUFACTURES: 1914. are wholly or largely supervisory are included in the class designated ' ' superintendents and managers, " but where their duties are similar to those of the persons under them and the supervision is merely incidental foremen are classed as wage earners. Most, but of course not all, superintendents and managers are employees of corporations, similar functions in the case of the smaller enterprises under individual or firm owner- ship being generally performed in large part by proprietors and firm members. The term ' ' clerks and other subordinate salaried employees ' ' includes stenographers, sales- men, bookkeepers, messengers, and all other salaried employees who could not be classed either as officers of corporations, as superintendents, or as managers. In some tables, for the sake of brevity, this class is designated ' ' clerks, etc . ' ' The number of proprietors, salaried officers, superintendents and managers, and clerks and other sub- ordinate salaried employees given in the table is the number reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day, while the number of wage earners is the average number computed in the manner previously described. Of the 262,599 proprietors and firm members reported in 1914, the proprietors of enterprises under individual ownership — that is, where a single person owned the entire business — numbered 142,436, or 54.2 per cent, and the firm members, 120,163, or 45.8 per cent. There were 273,265 proprietors and firm members reported in 1909, of whom 140,605, or 51.5 per cent, were individual proprietors, and 132,660, or 48.5 per cent, were firm members. Firms owned practically all of the 55,204 establishments reported in 1914 for all other forms of ownership in Table 188, a few being owned by cooperative forms of organizations. It may be assumed, therefore, that there were on the average between two and three members to each firm. While proprietors and firm members are necessarily classed wholly with the ad- ministrative force of manufacturing enterprises, it often happens that in addition to their administrative duties proprietors and firm members perform manual labor in connection with the establishments which they own. In fact, there are a great many 'small manufacturing establishments which have no employees whatever and in which the proprietors and firm members perform all the work, both clerical and manual. (See Table 193, Chapter VII, showing the number of manufacturing establishments employing no wage earners.)' On the other hand, many proprietors and firm members are interested in manufacturing enterprises simply as investments and devote little or none of their personal attention to the details of their management. The total number of employees of manufacturing establishments in 1914 was 8,000- 554, and in 1909 it was 7,405,313. Table 199 shows, for 1914 and 1909, the distribution of these employees according to classes, and also shows what percentage each class of salaried employees formed of the total number of such employees. Tal>le 199 EMPLOYEES IN MANUFACTUEING INDUSTRIES. CLASS. Number. Per cent o! total number of employees. Per cent of salaried employees. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 8,000,554 7,405,313 100.0 100.0 964,217 92,671 146,411 725, 135 7,036,337 \ 790,267 80,735 133, 173 576,369 6,615,046 12.1 1.2 i.8 9.1 87.9 10.7 1.1 l.S 7.8 89.3 loao 9.6 15.2 75.2 100.0 10.2 16.9 Clerks and other subordinate salaried 72.9 Comparative statistics. — Table 200 presents comparative figures for 1914, 1909, and 1904 for the several classes of persons engaged in manufacturing industries. The comparison can not be carried back to the census of 1899, for the reason that it is now impossible to exclude from the totals for that census the proprietors and firm members reported in the hand trades and neighborhood industries, which were not covered by the later censuses. Without such exclusion comparisons would be misleading, as the number of proprietors and firm members engaged in the trades and industries referred to is relatively large. At the census of 1904, only the total for superintendents, managers, and clerks was shown, so that it is impossible to give in Table 200 the groups which are distin- guished in Table 198. PEKSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEIES. 429 Talble 200 PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTUEINQ INDUSTKIES. CLASS. Number. Per cent distri- bution. Per cent of inerease.i 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 Total 8,263,153 7,678,578 6,213,612 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.6 23.6 Proprietors and firm members Salaried employees 262,599 964,217 92,671 871,546 7,036,337 273,265 790,267 80,735 709,532 6,615,046 225,673 519,566 60,047 459,509 5,468,383 3.2 11.7 1.1 10.5 85.1 3.6 10.8 1.1 9.2 86.1 3.6 8.4 1.0 7.4 88.0 -3.9 22.0 14.8 22.8 6.4 21.1 52.1 34.6 54.4 21.0 Officers of corporations Superintendents, managers, clerks, etc Wage earners (average number) ■ A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Wage earners formed a somewhat smaller proportion of the total number of persons engaged in manufactures at each succeeding census (SS.lper cent in 1914, as compared with 86.1 per cent in 1909 and 88 per cent in 1904). Proprietors and firm members formed 3.2 per cent of the total in 1914 and 3.6 per cent at both of the other censuses, while salaried employees formed a larger proportion of the total number in 1914 than in 1909 and in 1909 than in 1904. During the five-year period 1909 to 1914 the number of wage earners increased 6.4 per cent, but the number of proprietors and firm members decreased 3.9 per cent, while the number of salaried employees in- creased 22 per cent. The percentage of increase for officers of corporations was 14.8 and for superintendents, managers, and clerks, 22.8. The fact that the number of officers of corporations increased more rapidly than the number of proprietors and firm members or the number of wage earners is of course due to the marked increase in the number of manufacturing establishments under corporate ownership. (See Chapter VI.) Between 1904 and 1914 many individual proprietors and more firms adopted the corporate form of organization. While separate data for superintendents and managers on the one hand and clerks on the other are not available for 1904, during the period from 1909 to 1914 clerks and other subordinate salaried employees have increased far more rapidly than any other class of persona engaged in manufacturing industries, a gain of 148,776. This marked increase is due to several causes, among which may be cited the growing practice of installing more complicated systems of bookkeeping and closer supervision of shop accounts in large enterprises, and the increased tendency for manufacturers to sell their goods directly either to the consumer or to the retail dealer, without the intervention of brokers, jobbers, or other middlemen, these tendencies resulting in a very large increase of clerical force in the selling departments of manufacturing establishments. Comparisons may be made between the censuses of 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914 with respect to the total number of employees of manufacturing establishments — that is, the total number of persons engaged in manufacturing industries, exclusive of pro- prietors and firm members — and with respect to the two main groups, salaried em- ployees and wage earners. In Table 201 the employees of hand trades and neighbor- hood establishments reported at the census of 1899 have been excluded, so that the figures for that census are comparable with those for the later censuses. Tatole 201 EMPLOYEES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Number. Per cent of total. Per cent of increase. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 Total 8,000,654 7,405,313 5,987,939 5,076,883 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.0 23.7 17.5 Salaried employees Wage earners (av- erage number).. . 964,217 7,036,337 790,267 6,615,046 519,656 5,468,383 364,120 4,712,763 12.1 87.9 10.7 89.3 8.7 91.3 "7.2 92.8 22.0 6.4 52.1 21.0 42.7 16.0 430 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUKES : 1914. It will be seen from this table that salaried employees increased more rapidly than wage earners. For the fifteen-year period as a whole the number of employees in- creased 57.6 per cent, the number of wage earners 49.3 per cent, and the number of salaried employees 164.8 per cent. Wage earners constituted 92.8 per cent of the total number of persons employed in 1899, as compared with 87.9 per cent 15 years later, while the proportion of salaried employees rose from 7.2 per cent to 12.1 per cent. The greatest actual and relative increases were made during the five-year period 1904 to 1909, not only in all employees as a whole, but also in the number of salaried employees and in the number of wage earners. Occupational status, by industries. — The persons engaged in manufacturing indus- tries in 1914 are distributed by occupational status for each industry in the United States and for all industries in each state in Tables 220 and 222, at the end of this volume. Table 206 (p. 439) shows for the 88 industries which during the year 1914 gave em- ployment to an average of 10,000 or more wage earners, the number of proprietors and firm members, salaried officers of corporations, superintendents and managers, clerks, and wage earners, respectively, and the percentage which the persons in each class represent of the total for 1914 and 1909. At the census of 1909 there were 86 industries which gave employment to an average of 10,000 or more wage earners. Since that time this group of industries has increased to 88 by certain changes. Wage earners employed in the manufacture of artificial stone products, of iron and steel forgings, of paving materials, and of typewriters and supplies, and also in the refining of sugar have so increased as to come within the group while those engaged in the manufacture of artificial flowers and feathers and plumes and of fur goods have decreased to below 10,000. Furthermore, on account of a change in the classification of products, it was necessary to combine two indus- tries shown separately in 1909 — brick and tile and p*ttery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products — and present the statistics under the head of brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products. Among the 88 industries covered by Table 206, those showing the greatest propor- tion of proprietors and firm members were artificial stone products; mineral and soda waters; flour and grist-mill products; bread and other bakery products; and butter, cheese, and condensed milk. There are no other industries listed in the table in which this class constituted as much as one-tenth of the total number of persons engaged. In each of these industries there are a number of small establishments in which the proprietors or firm members do a considerable proportion of the manual labor. It is possible that some members of cooperative organizations have been tabulated as proprietors and firm members, since it was not always possible with the information given in the schedule to distinguish between these associations and partnerships. The three industries showing the largest proportion of salaried officers of corporations are: Manufactured ice (4.2 per cent in 1914 and 4.6 per cent in 1909); patent medi- cines and compounds and druggists' preparations (3.7 per cent in 1914 and 3.5 per cent in 1909); and paint and varnish (3.3 per cent in 1914 and 3.6 per cent in 1909). There were ten other industries in which more than 2 per cent of the total number of persons engaged were salaried officers of corporations. The largest proportion of superintendents and managers is shown in the manufac- ture of oil, cottonseed, and cake (6.8 per cent in 1914 and 7 per cent in 1909). Ice, manufactured; butter, cheese, and condensed milk; and flour and gristmill products are other industries in which 4 per cent or over of the total number of persons engaged in the industry belong to this class. At the census of 1914 there were 26 industries shown in Table 206 in which one-tenth or more of the total number engaged were clerks and other subordinate salaried employees. The largest proportion in 1914 — 31.4 per cent — were engaged in the manufacture of patent medicines and compounds ana druggists' preparations. Other industries in which oyer one-fifth of the total number of persons engaged belong to this class were paint and varnish; gas, illuminating and heating; soap; printing and publishing; and food preparations. The two industries snowing the largest proportion of wage earners are the inanu- facture of cotton goods, including cotton small wares and of woolen, worsted, and feltgoods, and wool hats, being 97.4 per cent and 96.1 per cent, respectively, at the census of 1914. The smallest percentage of wage earners is reported in the manu- facture of patent medicines, being 55.6 per cent for 1914. There are 14 other indus- tries included in the table in which less than four-fifths of the total number of persons engaged were wage earners. Occupational status, by divisions and states.— Table 222, at the end of this volume, presents in detail the results of the census of manufactures of 1914 for all industries combined in each geographic division and state, and contains statistics relating to the occupational status of persons engaged in manufacturing industries. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INPUSXRIES. 431 Table 202 gives various percentages derived from this table. It presents compara- tive statistics for 1914 and 1909, showing for each division and state the proportion which proprietors and firm members, salaried officers, clerks, etc., and wage earners, respectively, formed of the total number of persons engaged in manufacturing indus- tries, and also the percentage of increase in each class during the five-year period. In the most important manufacturing states and sections of the country proprietors and firm members form a smaller proportion of the total number of persons engaged in manufacturing industries than in those sections where manufacturing is less devel- oped. In all but three geographic divisions and in all but 15 states the number of proprietors and firm members was less in 1914 than in 1909, the greatest percent- age of decrease (20.1 per cent) being in Idaho. A wide variation appears among the states with reference to the relative importance of the class of salaried officers of corporations, superintendents, and managers, the differences depending largely upon the character of the principal industries in the several states and upon the magnitude of the establishments. Differences in the size of establishments and in the character of the predominant industries also help to explain the considerable variations among the states in the relative importance of clerks and other subordinate salaried employees. Salaried employees formed a larger proportion of the total number of employees in manufacturing industries in every state with the exception of Nevada in 1914 than in 1909. In every section of the country and in a majority of the states the percentage of increase in the number of salaried employees during the five-year period was more than twice as high as that in the number of wage earners. Tatole 202 PEE CENT OF TOTAL NUMBER ENGAGED WHO VTERE— PER CENT OF INCREASE, 1909-1914.1 DIVISION AND STATE. Proprietors andflrm members. Salaried employees. Wage ■ earners. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Offi- cers, etc. Clerks, etc. Officers, etc. Clerks, etc. Wage earn- ers. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 United States . 3.2 3.6 2.9 2 8 8.8 7.5 85.1 86.1 -3.9 U.8 25.8 6.4 Seogeaphic DrVISIONS: New England Middle AHantio East North Central-. West North Central. - South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central.. 1.8 3.1 2.6 5.3 3.8 4.9 4.8 6.4 5.4 2.0 3.3 3.2 6.8 4.1 6.6 5.4 5.4 6.4 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.8 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 2.1 2.6 3.0 3.8 2.7 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8 6.2 9.6 10.6 11.8 5.1 5.8 6.9 8.1 9.7 6.1 8.5 9.1 9.9 4.3 5.3 6.2 7.1 7.6 89.9 84.7 83.6 79.1 88.3 85.9 84.7 82.6 81.1 90.9 85.7 84.7 80.8 88.9 86.7 84.9 83.9 83.1 -6.9 -0.6 -9.6 -4.7 -3.4 -12.9 -7.2 8.8 14.0 10.2 12.3 17.4 5.6 10.0 -0.3 6.2 18.1 12.9 26.4 22.2 31.9 23.6 23.1 11.8 16.3 26.1 43.3 3.5 6.7 11.0 1.9 3.4 1.0 3.6 7.5 10.5 New England: 3.7 1.9 4.8 1.6 1.5 1.2 3.8 1.9 2.6 2.2 3.1 2.6 2.4 3.2 4.5 6.6 4.1 13.0 14.3 7.3 6.2 4.1 2.4 5.5 1.7 1.4 1.5 4.0 2.2 3.0 2.8 3.5 3.1 3.3 4.0 6.1 6.8 4.4 17.4 18.0 7.9 6.5 2.3 1.7 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.2 3.8 5.6 S.6 4.1 3.1 2.2 1.5 2.6 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.6 4.5 3.6 5.8 5.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 4.7 6.6 5.1 7.5 11.3 8.8 7.8 10.5 9.0 12.3 10.0 9.1 11.5 12.9 11.3 10.6 9.3 13.9 11.3 3.2 2.7 4.4 5.6 4.1 6.0 10.0 7.4 7.0 8.6 7.7 11.0 8.3 7.6 10.1 10.1 9.6 9.6 7.6 12.3 9.0 90.5 92.9 87.9 89.7 91.4 88.9 82.1 86.7 87.2 84.1 84.7 82.0 84.6 84.4 80.2 76.3 80.8 70.8 70.9 74.6 79.3 90.4 93.4 87.6 90.7 92.6 90.1 83.4 87.9 87.6 85.5 85.7 83.0 85.4 86.6 81.2 78.7 82.4 67.2 68.9 76.1 80.9 -8.7 -18.3 -15.4 -4.3 9.4 -9.9 2.2 1.7 -5.7 -7.4 -5.8 -8.7 -13.8 -13.2 -2.7 1.8 -6.4 -16.6 -19.1 -2.0 -9.1 5.4 13.1 -0.6 13.1 5.5 8.3 19.6 16.4 1.6 14.9 10.7 17.8 21.3 26.2 14.4 -0.6 7.8 6.2 4.9 18.9 -15.7 10.3 30.6 3.1 24.8 25.8 35.9 20.6 38.9 18.3 42.2 25.1 23.2 42.0 29.1 26.8 34.3 18.9 24.9 26.2 19.0 19.6 2.7 New Hampshire 0.4 -3.2 Massachusetts Rhode Island 3.8 -0.1 7.3 Middle Atlantic: New York 6.4 14.5 Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio 5.3 14.2 5.6 Illinois 8.8 17.1 6.4 West North Central: 9.5 2.4 Missouri -0.5 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 17.4 6.2 3.3 Kansas -6.7 » A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 432 CENSUS OP MANUFACTX7EES : 1914. Tatole 202— Contd. DIVISION AND STATE. South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia "West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Artansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California PEK CENT or TOTAL NUMBER ENCAGED WHO WEEE- Proprletors and firm members. 1911 1909 2.9 3.8 3.8 5.2 3.2 6.9 2.3 3.7 4.2 6.3 6.8 3.7 4.6 6.0 2.1 10.9 5.3 6.1 6.3 7.9 6.1 7.1 3.3 5.9 4.4 4.0 6.2 5.9 3.0 4.3 4.9 5.4 3.6 4.1 2.2 4.4 4.2 6.4 6.2 4.6 6.2 6.7 2.7 15.0 5.3 4.S 8.4 7.8 5.0 6.0 3.6 4.9 6.2 Salaried employees. Officers, etc. 1914 1909 3.1 2.6 4.4 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.4 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.2 2.7 3.1 2.9 4.9 4.1 3.2 3.4 3.8 4.1 5.3 3.3 4.4 2.5 3.7 4.1 3.8 2.8 2.5 4.3 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.0 3.1 2.9 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.0 2.8 3.1 5.2 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.3 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.9 Clerks, etc. 1914 1909 7.2 8.6 13.4 5.0 4.5 3.0 2.7 4.6 4.7 7.9 6.7 4.7 3.4 4.2 6.7 7.4 8.6 8.0 6.5 7.4 9.9 5.4 7.3 8.8 4.3 6.6 8.4 11.3 5.7 7.2 11.8 4.3 4.3 2.3 2.1 3.9 4.2 7.2 6.2 3.9 3.0 3.5 6.2 7.0 7.6 6.6 6.1 4.6 8.9 3.7 4.6 8.0 6.0 5.8 6.6 Wage earners. 1914: 1909 84.9 78.4 87.1 89.6 90.4 92.6 88.1 88.0 84.0 88.4 82.2 83.7 84.7 82.2 86.1 81.9 85.7 81.3 79.0 86.0 79.0 87.6 89.4 91.0 93.6 88.6 88.7 82.7 84.2 88.0 87.0 88.0 72.9 83.0 S.'i.l 83.0 84.6 82.3 86.9 89.4 83.4 86.2 86.3 82.8 81.4 PER CENT or INCREASE, 1909-1914.1 Pro- prie- tors and iirm mem- bers. -8.4 -6.8 -1.5 9.2 4.5 -13.6 -1.1 -17.9 -5.0 -12.2 -19.8 -15.6 -19.4 -8.7 6.5 26.3 -201 11.4 -03 12.8 2.3 45.2 30.7 -3.3 -12.4 29.1 Offi- cers, etc. Clerks, etc. 19.8 8.2 16.3 -1.4 105 16.3 17.7 15.0 1.9 2.7 3.8 1.6 -16.0 3.7 -4.5 18.6 7.4 1.7 29.9 8.4 54.4 59.0 38.6 6.3 -4.3 18.1 21.2 35.9 26.1 31.8 12.6 17.8 48.6 26.6 earn- ers. 17.4 9.3 7.8 8.6 28.8 3.3 10.8 9.6 33.9 20.0 45.9 16.3 76.3 9.4 40 7 75.1 32.6 10.6 10 4 32.7 67.4 4.3 3.4 15.2 -2.7 11.2 12.7 -1.5 -0.1 -3.2 -1.2 0.7 9.1 -7.3 -6.7 2.0 32.7 17.6 8.5 4.3 -2.8 -8.9 7.1 17.9 61.9 -2.8 0.3 21.0 ■ A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. SEX AND AGE CiSTEIBTTTION. Summary for the several occupational classes: 1914 and 1909. — The numbers of males and females engaged in manufacturing industries are shown separately for each of the five occupational groups, but the distinction between children (under 16) and adults was made only for wage earners, since very few children are found in the other groups. Statistics for the United States, for all industries combined, for the censuses of 1914 and 1909 are shown in Table 198. The method of arriving at the sex and age distribution of the average number of wage earners has already been described. Of the 8,263,153 persons reported as engaged in manufacturing industries in 1914, 6,613,466, or 80 per cent, were males and 1,649,687, or 20 per cent, were females. The reported number of wage earners under 16 years of age was 121,773, or 1.7 per cent of the total number of wage earners, and 1.5 per cent of the total number of persons engaged in manufactm-ing industries. During the period from 1909 to 1914 the number of wage earners under 16 years of age decreased 39,720, or 24.6 per cent. Of this decrease 23,330 were boys and 16,390 were girls. The proportion of females among proprietors and officials was comparativeljr small; among clerks and other subordinate salaried employees it was 25.9 per cent in 1914 and 24.2 per cent in 1909; and among wage earners it was 20.5 per cent in 1914 and 20.6 per cent in 1909. Among the wage earners under 16 years of age, however, the two sexes were more equally divided, the proportion of females being 46 per cent in 1914 and 44.8 per cent in 1909. In considering the statistics relating to the number of children employed, as pre- sented in Table 198, it should be borne in mind that considerable difficulty is experienced by the Census Bureau in obtaining accurate returns. As is well known, there are laws in many states which prohibit the employment of chil- PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 433 dren under a specified age, most commonly 14 years, and in other states the adoption of such laws is under consideration. In some cases there is a disinclination on the part of employers to reveal the real extent to which they employ children, even though such employment may be within the law. Furthermore, it frequently hap- pens that no record is made of the age of employees, or that such records of age are kept only with reference to those under some particular age, which may be an age lower than ] 6. The statistics, therefore, are not altogether reliable. Comparative summary: 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899.— Table 203 makes such com- parisons as are practicable with respect to the sex and age distribution of persons employed in the manufacturing industries of the United States for the censuses of 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. This table shows that women constituted an increasing proportion of the group designated as "superintendents, managers, clerks, and other subordinate salaried employees" (21.9 per cent in 1914 aa compared with 20 per cent in 1909 and 17 per cent m 1904). With respect to the wage earners, the class numer- ically most important, females 16 years of age and over formed 19.7 per cent of the total number in 1914 and practically the same proportion (19.5 per cent) at each of the three preceding censuses. On the other hand, there was a decrease from census to census in the proportion of children among wage earners, the percentages being 3.4 in 1899, 2.9 in 1904, 2.4 in 1909, and 1.7 in 1914. This decline in the proportion of children was balanced by an increase in the proportion of males 16 years of age and over. The number of children under 16 reported as engaged in manufacturing industries was practically the same in 1899, 1904, and 1909, but shows a decided decrease in 1914. Table 203 • — = EMPLOYEES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. CLASS. 1914 1909 1904 1$99 Superintendents, managers, clerks, and other 871,546 709,532 459,509 (I) 680,290 78.1 191, 256 21.9 7,036,337 567,360 80.0 142, 172 20.0 6,615,046 381, 181 8.3.0" 78,328 17.0 5,468,383 0) (•) (1) (') 4, 712, 763 Males 16 years of age and over, number. . 5, 525, 198 78.5 1,389,366 19.7 121,773 1.7 5, 163, 164 78.1 1,290,389 19.5 161, 493 2.4 4, 242, 643 W.6 1,065,855 19.5 159,885 2.9 3, 632, 977 77.1 Females 16 years of age and over, number. . . 918,510 19. S 161,276 3.4 ' Not reported separately. Sex and age distribution for each industry : 1914. — The number of females among the classes of proprietors and firm members, salaried officers of corporations, and superintendents and managers is so small that the sexes are not distinguished in the tables presenting statistics for individual industries. Table 220 shows the number of male and female clerks and other subordinate salaried employees in each industry in 1914; also, the number of wage earners of each sex employed on December 15, 1914, or the nearest representative day, distinguishing those under 16 from those 16 years of age and over. , , , , , , , . , There were 40 industries in which more than 1,000 female clerks and other salaried employees were reported. The largest number (21,754) was reported for the print- ing and publishing of newspapers and periodicals. The next largest number (9,546) was reported for the foundry and machine-shop industry. There were 6 other indus- tries in each of which more than 5,000 females of this class were employed in 1914. In view of the fact that the number of clerks and other subordinate salaried employees in manufacturing industries is comparatively small, no_ further comment on the sex distribution of such employees in individual industries is necessary. Sex and age distribution of wage earners In leading industries. — Table 207 shows, for the 88 industries which gave employment to an average of 10,000 wage earners or more in 1914, the number and per cent distribution, by age, and for those 16 years of age or over by sex also, of wage earners as reported for December 15 or the 67031°— 17- -2S 434 CENSUS OP MxVNUFACTUBES : 1914. nearest represeBtative day. As a means of judging the true importance of the several industries as employers of labor, the average number employed for the entire jrear is also given in each case. This number, in the case of certain seasonal industries, is much smaller than the number on the representative day. The per cent distribu- tion by sex and age of the average number of wage earners in all industries combined is also shown. These percentages are computed in the manner already described. In all industries combined 78.5 per cent of the average number of wage earners in 1914 were males 16 years of age or over, 19.7 per cent females 16 years of age or over, and 1.7 per cent children under 16 yearp of age. The corresponding percentages for 1909 are 78.1, 19.5, and 2.4. The industries for which the largesi, ^proportions of males 16 years of age or over are shown are for the most part those in which the work is of a nature requiring much physical strength. Thus, in the locomotive industry and in the smelting and refin- ing of copper, males 16 years of age or over constituted, in 1914, 99.9 per cent of the total number of wage earners; and in the artificial-stone products and blast-furnace industries and in steam-railroad repair shops they constituted 99.8 per cent. Other industries covered by the table in which males of 16 years or over represented more than 99 per cent of the wage earners are the coke, cement, and Ume industries, marble and stone work, the construction of steam-railroad cars, the manufacture of cotton- seed oil and cake, of stoves and furnaces, and of paving materials, the refining of petroleum, the repair shops of street railroads, the steel works and rolling mills, and the fertilizer, gas, and shipbuilding industries. The proportion of women, naturally, is larger in those industries in which the proc- esses require dexterity rather than strength. In 12 of the 88 leading industries — the manufacture of corsets, milBmery and lace goods, men's furnishing goods, and hosiery and knit goods, the making of women's clothing, canning and preserving, the manufactiu-e of fancy and paper boxes, the confectionery industry, the manufac- ture of silk goods, the making of men's clothing, and the manufacture of leather gloves and mittens and of tobacco products — more than half of the wage earners in 1914 were females 16 years of age and over. The proportion of wage earners under 16 years of age was larger in three of the tex- tile industries than in any other of the principal industries of the country. The proportion of children employed in the manufacture of cotton goods was 8.4 per cent in 1914 and 10.4 per cent in 1909; of silk goods, 7.2 per cent in 1914 and 7.9 per cent in 1909; and of hosiery and knit goods, 6 per cent in 1914 and 8.2 per cent in 1909. The proportion was also relatively high — exceeding 5 per cent in 1909, but somewhat less than 5 per cent in 1914 — in the manufacture of fancy and paper boxes, canning and preserving, the manufacture of cordage and twine and jute and linen goods, the confectionery industry, the manufacture of woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats, and the glass industry. The decrease in the relative propor- tion of children employed in each of these industries, as well as in others shown in the table, is particularly significant. Comparison with previous censuses as to wage earners in individual industries. — It has already been explained that at the censuses of 1914 and 1909 the sex and age distribution of wage earners was called for on the schedule only with reference to the persons employed on December 15, or the nearest representative day. At the census of 1904, on the other hand, the average number of wage earners of each sex or age group was ascertained for each month and the general average for the year com- puted therefrom. In making comparisons for individual industries between the censuses of 1914 and 1909 and the previous census, the following method has been adopted. The average number of each sex and age group employed in each industry in 1914 and 1909 has been calculated by applying to the average number of all wage earners as computed for the year the percentages computed for each sex and age group as reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day. These calculated averages have then been compared with the averages reported for the preceding census. In most industries the sex and age distribution on December 15, 1914 and 1909, or the nearest representative day, was fairly typical of conditions during the entire year, so that a comparison of this character is approximately correct. Table 208 presents comparative statistics as to the sex and age of the wage earners in each industry for the censuses of 1914, 1909, and 1904. That table shows the aver- age number of wage earners for the year, distinguishing three classes — males 16 years of age and over, females 16 years of age and over, and children under 16 years of age. It presents both the absolute numbers and the percentage which each class formed of the total. In that table the 1914 and 1909 figures for all industries combined were obtained by computing in the manner previously described the average number of men, women, and children employed in each industry in each state, and adding these averages to obtain the totals for the state and in turn combining the state totals for PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 435 the United States total. The figures for each separate industry, on the other hand, were computed directly from the sex and age distribution of the total numher of wage earners employed in that industry in the United Statea on December 15, or the nearest representative day. In consequence the totals presented for 1914 in the table for all industries combined are not quite the same as the sums of the items for the individual industries, the totals given showing 242 more males 16 years of age and over, . 901 fewer females 16 years of age and over, and 659 more children under 16 than the totals obtained by the addition of the figures for the individual industries. The group of all other industries for 1914 includes several for which the statistics could be shown separately but for which data for preceding censuses are not available.' Sex and. age distribution, by divisions and states. — Table 222, presenting the results of the census of 1914 in detail for all industries combined, by states, shows among other data the number of male and female proprietors and ofiicials and the number of male and female clerks; also the average number of wage earners 16 years of age and over, by sex, and the average number under 16 years of age. The largest number of female proprietors and officials and the largest number of female clerks, namely, 4,061 and 44,525, respectively, are reported for New York, but the proportion of females among proprietors and oflicials was higher in Massachu- setts (4.8 per cent) and of females among clerks was higher in New Hampshire (39.1 I)er cent). In Pennsylvania and Illinois, where the total number of clerks was con- siderable, the propor*''^n of females was also high — 21.5 per cent and 26.3 per cent, respectively. Table 209 shows, for each geographic division and for each state, the distribution of all wage earners in manufacturing industries by age, and in the case of those 16 years of age or over by sex also, for 1914, 1909, and 1904, together with the percentages of increase for the decade and for each of the five-year periods comprising it. The relative number of men, women, and children employed in each state depends primarily upon the character of the industries in that state, but the number of chil- dren employed is also affected by the legislation of the several states with regard to child labor. It is possible that comparisons among the states as to the proportion of children employed are, in some cases, misleading. The largest number of male wage earners 16 years of age and over were employed in the Middle Atlantic states, but during the decade the greatest actual gain (400,331) was made in the East North Central division and the greatest relative increase was in the Mountain states. The total number of wage earners and the number of men and women increased in every section of the country during the decade and during each of the five-year periods, but the number of children decreased in each section during the decade and in most sections during each of the five-year periods. The manufacturers of New York gave employment to 15 per cent of all wage earners reported for the United States, 13.4 per cent of the men, and 22.2 per cent of the women. New York was first at each census in the total number and in the number of male and female wage earners, but it was far exceeded by Pennsylvania, Massa- chusetts, and North Carolina in the employment of children wage earners under 16 years of age, there being more than three times as many in Pennsylvania and half again as many in Massachusetts at the census of 1914. During the period from 1904 to 1914 the greatest actual decrease in children (7,578 or 22 per cent) was in Penn- sylvania. Statistics regarding the sex and age distribution of wage earners employed in cities having a population of 10,000 and over are presented in Chapter V. Wage earners employed, by months. — For 1914 and 1909 the schedule called for the number employed on the 15th day of each month, or the nearest representative day, while at the censuses of 1904 and 1899 the schedule called for the average number employed ior the month. It is believed, however, that the figures for the four cen- suses are substantially comparable in a great majority of cases. Where the data relate to small numbers of persons, as in the case of a single small industry in a given state, the change in the method of reporting may appreciably affect the comparability of the statistics. Where, however, the statistics relate to large numbers — forexample, to an industry in the United States as a whole, or to all industries combined in a given state, or to a large indiistry within a single state — the numbers reported for the 15th of a given month may be assumed in general to correspond very closely to the average number employed for that month, the variations in individual establishments offset- ting one another. Table 204 shows, by months, the number of wage earners reported for all manufac turing industries in the United States combined at the censuses of 1914, 1909, and 1904. Corresponding figures for 1899 are not presented, for the reason that the returns for that year included a large number of establishments in the hand trades and neighbor- hood industries which were not covered by the later censuses, and the data have not bftpn rfivised ro g.q to eTcnliidft finch eatabli.qhTnenta . 436 CENSUS OF ■ MANUFACTURES : 1914. Table 204 January . . . February. . March April May June July August September October. .. November. December. WAGE EARNERS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Number.^ 1914 7,075, 7,141, 7,242, 7,217, 7,148, 7,100 7,018 7,020; 7,086, 7,006, 6,736, 6,640, 1909 6,210,063 6,297,627 6,423 617 6,437,633 6,457,279 6,617,469 6, 486, 676 6,656,933 6,898,765 6,997,090 7, 006, 853 6, 990, 652 262,472 330, 471 450, 736 493, 343 512, 373 463,804 323, 966 420, 618 608, 412 676, 920 587, 028 490, 453 Per cent of maximum. 1914 1909 1904 97.7 98.6 100.0 99.0 98.7 98.0 96.9 96.9 97.8 96.7 93.0 91.7 88.6 89.9 91.7 91.9 92.2 93.0 92.6 96.0 98.5 99.9 100.0 92.7 93.9 96.0 96.8 97.1 96.2 93.8 95.5 98.8 100. 98.4 96.7 1 The figures for 1914 and 1909 represent tlie number employed on the 15th of each month, or the nearest representative day; those for 1904, the average number employed during the month. The figures in bold- face represent the month of maximum employment. ' In 1914 the largest number of wage earners reported as employed in manufacturing industries was 7,242,752 in March and the smallest number 6,640,284 in December, this number being 91.7 per cent of the maximum. In 1909 the maximum number of wage earners reported as employed in manufacturing industries was 7,006,853 in November, and the smallest number 6,210,063, in January, this number being 88.6 per cent of the maximum. In 1904 the larg:est number was employed in October and the smallest number in January, the minimum representing 92.7 per cent of the maximum. While the employment of labor was more constant in 1914 than in 1909, there was in 1914 a fairly uniform decrease in employment from March to December, except that the number reported for September was slightly larger than that for July and August. Table 205 gives for 1914 and 1909, the number of wage earners employed in the months of maximum and minimum employment, respectively, for the 19 industries having the largest average number of wage earners, including all employing 100,000 or more, and also for the 13 industries which show the greatest variation in employment, including all (except 5 employing less than 1,000 wage earners) in which the number for the month of least activity was less than one-half that for the month of greatest activity in 1914. In 1909, in two other industries — the manufacture of glass and of grindstones — the fluctuation was more than one-half. Table 205 Census year. WAGE EARNERS. INDUSTRY. Average number. Maximum. Minimum. Per cent of Month. Number. Month. Number. maxi- mum. Pnndpal industnes. Lumber and timber products 1914 1909 618, 163 695,019 May Nov. 651, .521 739, 160 Dec. Jan. 550,082 649, 239 84.4 87.8 Foundry and machine-shop products. 1^14 1909 564,610 531,011 Mar. Dec. 591,072 597,234 Dec. Jan. 518,459 482, 080 87.7 80.7 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. 1914 1909 393,404 378, 880 Jan. Dec. 4^4,647 383,629 Aug. Jan. 382,702 374,433 91.6 97.6 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad com- panies. Printing and publishing 1914 1909 1914 1909 339, 518 282, 174 272,092 258,434 Sept. Dec. Mar. Dec. 347,031 301,538 276,848 269, 884 Deo. May. Aug. July. 331, 207 268,700 200, 932 261,757 95.4 89.1 96.4 93.3 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. 1914 1909 248,716 240,076 Mar. Dec. 271,531 28:5, 629 Nov. Mar. 210,279 215,076 77.4 75.8 Clothing, men's, including shirts 1914 1909 225,719 239,696 Feb. Dec. 238, 439 251,349 Nov. Jan. 213,026 230,060 89.3 91.8 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES, 437 Table 205— Continued. Census year. WAGE EAENEE9. INDUSTRY. Average number. Maximum. Minimum. Per cent of Month. Number. Month. Number. maxi- mum. Pnncipal industries — Continued. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. 1914 1909 200, 088 198, 297 Feb. Dec. 219,045 207,452 Nov. May. 196,833 190,382 89.9 91.8 Tobacco manulacturcs 1914 1009 178, 872 166,810 Mar. Dec. 181,483 176,369 Dec. Jan. 175,236 161,563 96 6 9l!6 Clothing, women's , 1914 1909 168,907 153,743 Mar. Oct. 188,526 167, 525 July. July. 146,362 136,034 77.1 80.6 Woolen, worsted, and lelt goods, and wool hats. 1914 1909 163,976 168,722 Apr. Nov. 170,570 173,943 Dec. Jan. 164, 066 158,318 90.3 91. ff Hosiery and knit goods 1914 1009 150, 520 129,275 Mar. Nov. 157,636 134, 540 Aug. Jan. 142,779 123,308 90 6 91^7 rurniture and refrigerators 1914 1909 133, 498 128,452 Mar. Nov. 142,702 130,615 Dec. Jan. 125,344 120,524 87 6 88^2 Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products. 1914 1909 127,444 132,696 June. July. 1.51,265 161,415 Dec. Jan. 103,333 88,695 68.3 54.9 Automobiles, including bodies and parts. 1914 1909 127,092 75,721 Apr. Dec. 137,954 89, 886 Nov. Jan. 117,980 62,724 85.5 69.8 Bread and other bakery products 1914 1909 124,052 100,216 Oct. Oct. 126,772 102,770 Jan. Jan. 118,646 96,039 93.5 94.0 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. 1914 1909 118,078 87,256 Jan. Nov. 128,766 99,239 Dec. Jan. 107, 277 77,444 83.3 78.0 Silk goods, including throwsters 1914 1909 108, 170 99,037 May. Mar. 112,761 100,753 Dec. July. 100,045 96,534 88 7 95.8 Slaughtering and meat packing 1914 1909 101, 076 89, 728 Dec. Dec. 110,724 96,2J4 Aug. Apr. 93, 642 84,558 84.5 87.9 Industries showing wide variation. Canning and preserving 1914 1909 74,071 59, 968 Sept. Sept. 185,724 154,800 Jan. Jan. 27,917 19,998 15.0 12.9 Ice, manufactured 1914 1909 23,011 10, 114 July. July. 32,526 22, 872 Jan. Jan. 16,144 9,847 46.6 43.1 Fertilizers , 1914 1909 22,815 18,310 Mar. Mar. 38,332 29,310 Dec. July. 16,864 14, 264 44.0 48.7 Oil, cottonseed, and cake 1914 1909 21,810 17,071 Nov. Nov. 36,838 29,334 June. July. 7,063 5,174 19.2 17.6 Artificial stone products 1914 1909 10,255 9,957 June. Aug. 13, 201 12,884 Jan. Jan. 6,186 4,856 46.9 37.7 Hats, straw 1914 1909 9,483 8,814 Feb. Mar. 12, 252 11,488 July. July. 4,839 4,700 39.5 40.9 Sugar, beet 1914 1909 7,997 7,204 Oct. Nov. 20,353 16,807 Feb. Feb. 2,527 2,200 12.4 13.1 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts 1914 1909 6,680 4,437 Feb. June. 9,177 4,996 Sept. Jan. 4,333 3,991 47.2 79.9 Sugar, cane 1914 1909 3,632 4,127 Nov. Nov. 14,635 15,701 Mar. Feb. 673 569 4.6 3.5 Liquors, vinous 19-14 1909 2,292 1,911 Oct. Oct. 3,627 3,726 July. Juno. 1,769 1,363 48.8 36.6 Poultry, killing and dressing 1914 1,363 Dec. 3,158 Mar. 790 25.0 Rice, clcanipg and polishing 1914 1909 1,253 1,239 Nov. Oct. 1,852 2,017 July. July. 332 436 17.9 21.6 Vinegar and cider . - - 1914 1909 1,229 1,542 Oct. Oct. 2,529 3,464 Feb. Mar. 708 886 30.4 25.6 438 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. The figures for 1914 show that in all but 2 of the principal industries the differ- ences between the month of minimum and that of maximum employment indicate the industrial depression in business which took place during the year. For 7 of the 19 leading industries the month of maximum employment was March, while for 13, the month of minimum employment was November or December. On the other hand, at the census of 1909, m 12 out of the 19 leading industries the month of mini- mum employment was January, while for 10, the month of maximum employment was December and for 5 others, November. The greatest constancy of employment in 1914 was in tobacco manufactures, in which the number of wage earners employed during the month of least activity — DecemberT- was equal to 96.6 per cent of the number employed in the month of greatest activity — March. In 1909, the least fluctuation in employment was in the manufacture of cotton goods, which showed a variation of only 2.4 per cent between the month of maximum and the month of minimum employment. Other large industries in which the number for the month of least employment was more than 90 per cent of the number for the month of greatest activity during each of the census periods are printing and publish- ing, the manufacture of woolen and worsted goods and hosiery and knit goods, and bakeries. The manufacture of men's clothing and of silk goods and the boot and shoe industry show a fluctuation of less than 10 per cent in 1909, but in 1914 they show 10.7, 11.3, and 10.1 percent, respectively. Among the "principal industries," the greatest range of variation occurred during both 1914 and 1909 in the manufacture of brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products, in which the number employed during December, the month of least activity in 1914, was only 68.3 per cent of the number employed during June, the month of greatest activity. At the census of 1909 the fluctuation was 45.1 per cent. The lumber industry, in which the largest number of wage earners was employed during each census year, includes logging camps as well as saw mills, also planing mills, wooden packing box factories, and the manufacture of pulp wood and of window and door screens and weather strips. The relative variation in employment in all of these branches taken together for the country as a whole in 1914 was not great, the number employed during the month of least activity — December — being 84.4 per cent of the number employed during the month of greatest activity — May — an actual difference of 101,439. This is a considerably greater relative and actual fluctuation than is shown for the industry in 1909, when the minimum was 87.8 per cent of the maximum, the difference being only 89,921. The showing for 1914 is largely in- fluenced by the condition in saw mills and timber camps, which gave employment to 507,876 wage earners in May, which is 78 per cent of the number reported for that month for the combined industry. There are a number of industries which are conspicuously seasonal in character. In the case of some of these, the weather will not permit work except at certain sea- sons; in others, the raw material used is available only at certain seasons and must be handled immediately; and in still others the demand for the products is decidedly seasonal. The most variable of the large " industries showing wide fluctuations ".is canning and preserving, in which operations are chiefly confined to the summer and early fall, when fruits and vegetables, the canning of which constitutes the principal branch of the industry, are harvested. In this industry the number employed dur- ing January, the month of least activity, formed 15 per cent in 1914 and 12.9 per cent in 1909 of the number employed during September, the month of greatest activity during both years. If it were not for the fact that the canning and curing of fish and the canning of oysters are carried on to some extent in the winter months, the varia- tion in the numbers employed would be even greater. Table 210 deals with employment in individual industries by months. It shows the number employed on the 15th of each month during 1914 in the United States as a whole in each of the 340 industries distinguished by the Bureau of the Census for which separate figures can be presented. The table also shows the percentage which the number employed in the month of minimum employment formed of the number in the month of maximum employment. The figures for all industries combined fail to show fully the variations in employ- ment, since a fluctuation in one state or one industry may be offset by a variation in the opposite direction in another state or industry. Except for distinctly seasonal industries, however, the employment in most of the important states and industries of the country appears to have been comparatively steady throughout both census years. The number of wage earners employed on the 15th day of each month, or nearest representative day, in the manufacturing industries of each state for 1914, and for each geographic division for 1914 and 1909, is shown in Table 211, In every section of the country the number of wage earners employed during the month of least activity was over three-fourths that for the month of greatest employ- PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 439 ment. The least fluctuation in 1914 was in the West South Central States, in which the number of wage earners in the month of minimum employment — May — was equal to 96.5 per cent of the month of greatest activity — July. In 1914 four of the nine geographic divisions presented in the table showed March as the month of greatest industrial activity, two each July and August, and one Sep- tember. On the other hand, December was the month of least activity in seven of the nine sections of the country. In 1909 the month of greatest employment in every section of the country was September or a later month of the year. Of the 48 states and the District of Columbia, the maximum number of wage earners was reported by 13 as employed in March, and the minimum number by 27 in Decem- ber. In New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Ohio, and IlUnois, the five rank- ing states in the employment of labor, March was the maximum month and in all except Pennsylvania December was the minimum month. The manufacturers in these five states reported an average of 3,606,411 wage earners, or over half of the total reported for the entire country, therefore, naturally affecting the showing for the country as a whole. The constancy of employment was greatest in Connecticut, in which the number of wage earners employed in August (219,789), the month of least activity, was 94.3 per cent of the number reported for March (233,083), the month of maximum employment. OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE 1914 AND 1909. LEADING INDUSTRIES: Tattle 306 Cen- PEBSONS ENGAGED m THE INDUSTRY. Proprietors officials and •3 S Is Wage Per cent of aggregate. ■a oi 1 o 1 Proprietors and officials. %i INDUSTRY. sus year. Aggre- gate. a s a a u a> P. a 11 II 1 earners (aver- age num- ber). 3 = "ft n 11 ■a* 1" Wage earn- ers (av- erage num- ber). •a H If S o° 2 If If 11 All industries — 1914 1909 1914 1909 8,263,153 7,678,578 262, 599 273,266 92,671 80, 736 146, 411 133,173 725, 135 676, 359 7,036,337 0,616,046 3.2 3.6 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.7 8.8 7.6 85.2 86.1 Agricultural imple- ments. 58,118 60,229 431 466 652 669 1,104 1,456 7,572 7,189 48,469 60,551 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.9 2.4 13.0 11.9 83.4 83.9 Artificial stone prod- ucts. 1914 1909 15,653 15,202 4,089 4,208 336 223 472 431 501 383 10,256 9,957 26.1 27.7 2.1 1.6 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.5 65.5 65.5 Automobiles, includ- ing bodies and parts. 1914 1909 145,951 85,359 760 406 1,160 758 2,573 1,401 14,376 7,074 127,092 75,721 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.8 1.6 9.8 8.3 87.1 88.7 Boots and shoes, in- cluding cut stock and, findings. Boots and slices, rub- ber. 1914 1909 227,605 215,923 1,702 1,838 1,204 1,027 3,463 2,887 16,148 11,874 206,088 198,297 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.3 6.7 5.5 90.5 91.8 1914 1909 20,359 18, 899 2 44 44 114 150 1,512 1,093 18,687 17, 612 m 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 7.4 5.8 91.8 93.2 Boxes, fancy and paper. 1914 1909 50,592 43,568 734 816 813 680 906 784 2,828 1,876 45,311 39,514 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.8 6.6 4.3 89.6 90.7 Brass, bronze, and cop- per products. 1914 1909 45,657 .45,441 791 828 642 584 713 748 3,206 2,663 40,306 40,618 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.6 7.0 5.9 88.3 89.4 Bread and other bak- ery products. 1914 1909 172, 682 144,322 28,624 26,982 1,168 801 1,860 1,353 16,978 14, 970 124,052 100,216 16.6 18.7 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.9 9.8 10.4 71.8 69.4 Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay prod- 1914 1909 140,188 146, 786 2,939 4,737 1,878 1,810 2,963 3,122 4,964 4,421 127,444 132, 696 2.1 3.2 1.3 1.2 2.1 2.1 3.6 3.0 90.9 90.4 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. -1914 1909 1914 1909 34,795 31, 506 16,296 18,004 5,009 8,019 536 519 636 1,032 192 130 1,776 1,429 220 200 4,316 2,596 837 728 23,059 18,431 14,511 16,427 14.4 26.6 3.3 2.9 1.8 3.3 1.2 0.7 5.1 4.5 1.4 1.1 12.4 8.2 6.1 66.3 58.5 89.0 4.01 91.2 iLe. ss than ( me-tei 1th Of 1 per cei It. 440 CENSUS OF MANXJFACTUEES : 1914. OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE 88 LEADING INDUSTRIES- 1914 AND 1909— Continued. Table 206— Contd. Cen- sus year. PEESONS ENGAGET) IN THE INDUSTET. Aggre- gate. Proprietors and officials. 1 1 a 1 3 1 Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Per cent of aggregate. INDUSTRY. i ■§2 P4 i & o o is 1 CQ a . - a a u p. 3 Proprietors and officials. II if i 3" Wage earn- ers (av- erage num- ber). h so ■sa CM 2 II S 1 to Canning and preserv- ing. 1914 1909 88,069 71,972 4,409 4,244 1,207 968 1,924 1,708 6,458 6,084 74,071 69,968 5.1 6.9 1.4 1.3 2.2 2.4 7.3 7.1 84.1 83.3 Carpets and rugs, other than rag. 1914 1909 33,101 34, 706 72 134 130 116 242 199 1,348 "951 31,309 33,307 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.6 4.1 2.7 94.6 96.0 Carriages and wagons and materials. 1914 1909 64,446 82,944 6,629 6,213 981 1,166 1,106 1,465 4,339 4,172 62,391 69,928 8.7 7.5 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.8 6.7 5.0 81.3 84.3 Cars and general shop Construction and re- pairs by electric- railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by steam-rail- road companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not including opera- tions of railroad com- 1914 1909 1914 1909 28,215 23,699 361,925 301,273 4 1 2 101 107 133 1,877 698 551 6,691 5,096 1,028 623 15,582 12, 125 26,384 22,418 339, 518 282, 174 0.4 0.6 "b'.e 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.7 3.6 2.6 4.3 4.0 93.5 94.6 93.8 93.7 1914^ 1909 6S,"9S8 47,094 11 7 209 241 760 793 3,720 2,967 64,288 43,086 (0 0.4 0.5 1.3 1.7 6.3 6.3 92.0 91.5 panies. Cement 1914 1909 31,968 29,511 10 17 236 196 386 286 3,410 2,238 27,916 26,775 (') 0.1 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.0 10.7 7.-6 87.4 90.7 Chemicals 1914 1909 37,881 27,817 99 161 473 367 708 667 4,290 2,993 32,311 23, 729 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.9 2.0 11.3 10.8 85.3 85.3 Clocks and watches, including cases and materials. Clothing, men's, in- cluding shirts. 1914 1909 1914 1909 25,071 25,439 257, 789 271,437 53 63 7,078 8,602 141 139 1,380 1,089 243 246 2,508 2,460 1,306 1,144 21,104 19,700 23,328 23,857 225,719 239,696 0.2 0.2 2.7 3.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 5.2 4.6 8.1 7.3 93.0 93.8 . 87?6 88.3 Clothing, women's 1914 1909 198,685 179,021 7,616 6,482 1,694 842 2,334 1,957 18,334 18,997 168,907 153,743 3.8 3.6 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.1 9.2 8.9 85.0 85.9 Coke, not including gas-house coke. 1914 1909 23,463 31,226 36 101 149 174 425 639 1,746 1,139 21,107 29,273 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.8 1.7 7.4 3.6 90.0 93.7 Confectionery 1914 1909 6.5, 791 54,854 2,242 1,832 927 766 1,056 764 7,908 6,854 63,658 44,638 3.4 3.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 12.0 12.6 81.6 81.4 Cooperageand wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. Copper, tin, and sheet- iron products. 1914 1909 26,768 29,717 1,609 1,760 369 371 456 509 788 808 23, 646 26, 269 6.0 5.9 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.9 2.7 88.0 88.4 1914 1909 96,138 86,934 6,197 4,423 1,617 1,288 1,706 1,558 7,690 6,050 80,029 73,615 5.4 5.1 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 8.0 7.0 83.2 84.7 Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. 1914 1909 28,909 26,193 57 72 176 146 313 225 1,040 885 27,323 24,866 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.9 3.6 3.4 94.6 94.9 Corsets 1914 1909 23,146 19,611 101 91 155 133 315 212 2,079 1,611 20, 496 17,564 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.1 9.0 8.2 88.6 89.6 Cotton goods, includ- ing cotton small wares. Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified. 1914 1909 1914 1909 403,911 387,771 38,124 37, 161 489 377 722 814 1,914 1,726 576 477 2,060 2,368 635 674 5,454 4,430 2,764 2,300 393,404 378,880 33,427 32,996 0.1 0.1 1.9 2.2 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.3 0.7 0.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.1 7.3 6.2 97.4 97.7 87.7 88.8 Dyeing and fimshing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. 1914 1909 63,273 47,303 353 318 424 289 718 611 3,311 2,039 48,467 44,046 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.3 1.3 6.2 4.3 91.0 93.1 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 441 OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE 88 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914 AND 1909— Continued. Tatole 20e— Contd. INDUSTKT. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- plies. Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. Fertilizers Firearms and ammu- nition. Fiour-mill and grist- mill products. Food preparations, not elsewliere specified. Foundry and macliine- skop products. Furnishing goods, men's. Furniture and refrig- erators. Gas and electric fix- tures and lamps and reflectors. Gas, illuminating and heating. Glass Cen- sus year. Gloves and mittens, leather. Hats, fur-felt Hosiery and Icnit goods. Ice, manufactured Iron and steel, blast furnaces. Iron and steel, steel worlcs and rolling mills. Iron and steel, tolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Iron and steelforgings not made in steel worlcs or rolling mills. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 Aggre- Proprietors and officials. a « 144, 712 105,600 13,327 14,194 28,301 21,960 20,233 16,042 65, 635 66, 054 29,366 20,966 670, 260 616,486 47,938 43,935 152, 108 144, 140 21, 796 22,906 63, 993 51, 007 78,804 72, 673 12, 345 12,950 22, 932 27,091 159,673 136, 130 29,786 21, 107 33,194 43, 061 274, 162 260, 762 11, 772 12, 395 11,984 9,193 439 556 477 373 323 32 30 12,669 14, 570 1,453 1,131 13,123 9,851 782 1,022 2,607 2,667 407 431 78 277 93 87 417 458 163 264 1, 1,134 1,355 1,066 16 48 52 47 90 1,165 997 253 205 642 406 72 78 1,743 1,486 694 430 10, 742 9,348 443 317 2,502 2,170 .1. 954 990 517 479 109 85 161 137 1,050 799 1,264 971 193 766 779 148 143 224 185 2,713 2,685 262 229 916 694 292 265 2,601 2,707 741 689 13,943 12,406 650 604 2,799 2,464 419 497 1,955 1,719 248 217 272 376 1,618 1,376 1,768 1,368 560 809 3,709 3,460 157 176 213 176 Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 22,388 14,223 1, 1,092 3,656 2,317 1,280 954 8,904 7,838 6,271 3,847 67,842 52,869 3,858 3,610 10,802 8,407 2,436 2,618 17, 214 10,806 2,824 2,286 903 836 1,018 1,250 5,187 3,647 2, 1,588 3,070 3,513 20, 919 16,400 783 693 799 675 Per cent ol aggregate. Proprietors and officials. sa Ph 02 ■4-3 J 118,078 87,256 10,967 12,191 22,815 18,310 18,657 14,716 39, 718 39, 453 20, 306 14,968 564, 610 631, Oil 42,206 38, 482 133,498 128,452 18,047 18,861 43, 792 37,215 74, 502 68,911 10, 668 11,354 21,318 25,064 150, 620 129, 276 23, Oil 16, 114 29,356 248, 716 240, 076 10,658 11,345 10, 689 8,168 0.3 0.4 4.2 3.4 1 1.6 0.2 0.2 19.3 22.1 4 6.4 2.0 1.6 1.6 2.3 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 3.4 3.5 0.7 1.0 0, 0.8 4.5 5.1 (1) 0.1 (') 0) 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 a.s 2.3 1 0.4 0.5 2.7 2.2 2.0 2.1 1 1.6 0.9 0.7 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 4.2 4.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.2 1.9 2.0 m d m ■g M to p] •9 « o « SO ^1 earn- ers (av- erage num- ber). 1.8 1.9 15.6 13 12.6 10.6 6.3 5.9 13.6 11.9 21.4 18.3 10.1 8.0 8.2 11.2 11.4 26.9 21.2 3.1 7.3 6.5 3.2 2.6 8.1 7.6 9.2 8.2 7.6 6.3 6.7 5.6 6.7 6.3 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 442 CENSUS OF MANUF AC TUBES: 1914. OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF PEESONS ENGAGED IN THE 88 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914 AND 1909— Continued. Table 206— Contd. Cen- sus year. PEESONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTET. Aggre- gate. Proprietors and officials. 1 1 Ii o'g t 1 Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Per cent of aggregate. INDUSTRY. i 1 •3 f •1 m © s * ft a s CQ Proprietors and officials. ii 11 II 3« Wage earn- ers (av- erage num- ber). ■a if m CQ ■2 . II 3 a CQ Jewolry 1914 1909 36,064 36,992 2,220 1,846 676 548 682 621 4,197 3,630 28,289 30, 347 6.2 5.0 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.7 11.6 9.8 78.4 82.0 Leather goods 1914 1909 40,898 43,625 3,794 2,652 777 760 827 897 4,083 4,409 31,417 34,907 9.3 5.9 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.1 10.0 10.1 76.8 80.2 Leather, tanned, cur- ried, and finished. 1914 1909 60, 780 67,100 566 784 581 629 864 918 2,843 2,667 65,936 62,202 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.4 4.7 3.8 92.0 92.7 Lime 1914 1909 13,975 15,659 600 794 189 191 319 350 638 427 12,429 13,897 3.6 6.1 L4 L2 2.3 2.2 3.8 2.7 88.9 88.7 Liquors, malt 1914 1909 75,404 66,726 511 639 2,008 1,819 2,074 1,904 8,741 7,784 62, 070 64, 679 0.7 LO 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 11.6 11.7 82.3 81.8 Locomotives, not made by railroad 1914 1909 19,047 16,945 7 38 43 487 452 1,131 1,634 17, 391 14,909 "(i)" 0.2 0.3 2.6 2.7 6.9 9.1 91.3 88.0 companies. Lumber and timber products. 1914 1909 698, 729 784,989 39,208 48,826 6,972 6,616 11,207 12,724 23, 179 21, 806 618, 163 695,019 6.5 6.2 1.0 0.8 1.6 L6 3.3 2.8 88.6 88.6 Marble and stone work. 1914 1909 66, 280 77, 275 5,673 6,026 1,068 867 1,372 1,660 3,196 3,219 54,981 66,603 .8.6 7.8 l.« 1.1 2.1 2.0 4.8 4.2 83.0, 84.9 Mattresses and spring beds. 1914 1909 14, 897 14,109 926 869 364 312 421 329 1,449 1,277 11,747 11,322 6.2 6.2 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.3 9.7 9.1 78.9 80.2 Millinery and lace goods. 1914 1909 53,936 46, 301 2,336 1,934 626 397 686 622 5,015 4,147 45,274 39, 201 4.3 4.2 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.3 9.3 9.0 83.9 84.7 Mineral and soda waters. 1914 1909 25,416 22,060 6,015 6,743 710 442 921 780 2,264 1,948 15,606 13, 147 23.7 26.0 2.8 2.0 3.6 3.5 8.9 8.8 61.0 59.6 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. Oil, cottonseed, and cake. 1914 1909 41,723 41,882 221 297 613 646 523 636 2,810 2,484 37,556 38, 020 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 6.7 5.9 90.0 90.8 1914 1909 27,047 21,273 180 110 613 576 1,861 1,481 2,593 2,036 21, 810 17,071 0.7 0.5 2.3 2.7 6.8 7.0 9.6 9.6 80.6 80.2 Paint and varnish 1914 1909 25, 682 21,896 391 466 852 793 892 767 7,464 5,640 16,083 14,240 1.5 2.1 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.6 29.1 25.8 62.6 65.0 Paper and wood pulp.. 1914 1909 96,616 81,473 221 250 887 773 1,317 1,275 4,634 3,197 88,467 76,978 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.6 4.9 3.9 92.6 93.3 Paper goods, not else- where specified. 1914 1909 26, 160 22, 386 188 228 423 344 685 405 3,240 2,197 21,624 19,211 0.7 1.0 1.6 1.5 2.6 1.8 12.4 9.8 82.7 85.8 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' prepara- tions. Paving materials 1914 1909 1914 1909 45,855 41, 101 21, 668 1,731 2,724 2,802 367 31 1,679 1,427 368 36 1,666 1,418 510 47 14,386 12, 659 883 199 25,502 22, 896 19, 640 1,419 5.9 6.8 1.7 1.8 3.7 3.5 1.7 2.0 3.4 3.4 2.4 2.7 31.4 30.6 4.1 11.6 55.6 55.7 90.2 82.0 Petroleum, refining 1914 1909 31, 077 16,640 52 42 251 211 536 418 4,872 2,040 25, 366 13,929 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.7 2.6 16.7 12.3 81.6 83.7 Printing and publish- ing. 1914 1909 419, 313 388, 406 31,041 30,424 9,000 7,265 12, 670 11, 643 94, 510 80,700 272,092 268, 434 7.4 7.8 2.1 1.9 3.0 3.0 22.6 20.8 64.9 66.5 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. PBBSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 443 OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE 83 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914 AND 1909— Continued. Table 206— Conta. Cen- sus year. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTEY. • Aggre- gate. Proprietors and officials. 1 Il r J Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Per cent of aggregate. INDt7STET. || 1 ■ 1 CO •M ,i o S a ^ a> 3 *^ a P 9 u 0) P. 3 CO Proprietors and officials. ft Wage earn- ers (av- erage num- ber). "So p Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified. 1914 1909 62,257 31,284 85 102 424 272 814 456 10,714 3,933 60,220 26,521 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.5 17.2 12.6 80.7 84. S Sewing machines, cases, and attach- ments. Shipbuilding, includ- ing boat building. 1914 1909 1914 1909 19,489 20,556 48,667 44, 949 19 14 1,192 1,463 61 64 323 367 225 186 672 641 1,177 996 1,991 1,972 18,007 19,296 44, 489 40,506 0.1 0.1 2.4 3.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.4 6.0 4.8 4.1 4.4 92.4 93.9 91.4 90.1 Silk goods, including throwsters. 1914 1909 115, 571 105, 238 591 664 559 480 1,165 1,092 5,086 3,966 108, 170 99, 037 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 4.4 3.8 93.6 94.1 Silverware and plated ware. 1914 1909 18, 441 18, 774 97 114 178 170 227 243 2, 152 1,637 15, 787 16, 610 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.3 11.7 8.7 85.6 88.5 Slaughtering and meat packing. 1914 1909 124,987 108, 716 1,740 1,659 792 731 1,373 1,124 20,006 15,474 101, 076 89, 728 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.0 16.0 14.2 80.9 82.5 Smelting and refining, copper. 1914 1909 19, 694 16,832 7 70 53 177 215 1,616 929 17, 731 15,628 ■(■)■■ 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.3 8.2 5.5 90.5 92.8 1914 1909 19,839 18, 393 252 329 286 274 285 360 4,844 4,431 14, 172 12,999 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.4 2.0 24.4 24.1 71.4 70.7 Stoves and furnaces including gas and oil stoves. 1914 1909 1914 1909 43, 691 42,921 12, 561 10,345 284 244 8 6 748 712 24 35 791 737 179 158 4,543 4,098 1,097 747 37,325 37, 130 11,253 9,399 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.1 1.7 1.7 0.2 0.3 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.5 10.4 9.5 8.7 7.2 85.4 86.5 89.6 90.9 Tobacco manufactiu-es. 1914 1909 210, 894 197,637 15,200 17,634 885 809 2,230 2,669 13,707 9,816 178, 872 166,810 7.2 8.9 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.3 6.5 5.0 84. S 84.4 Turpentine and rosin. . 1914 1909 38,294 44,524 1,621 2,567 117 86 1,188 1,060 651 1,300 34, 817 39,511 4.2 5.8 0.3 0.2 3.1 2.4 1.4 2.9 90.9 88.7 Typewriters and sup- plies. 1914 1909 13,853 12, 101 42 34 113 81 271 225 2,336 2,183 11,091 9,678 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.7 1.9 1.8 16.9 18.0 80.1 79.2 Wire 1914 1909 19, 740 19,945 18 15 76 78 351 306 1,695 1,462 17, 600 18,084 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.8 1.5 8.6 7.3 89.2 90.7 Wirework, including wire rope and cable, not elsewhere speci- fied. Wood, turned and carved. 1914 1909 1914 1909 14, 615 14,994 13,396 16, 243 419 484 810 1,097 322 314 206 201 336 348 336 348 1,412 1,500 429 468 12, 126 12,348 11, 615 14,139 2.9 3.2 6.1 6.8 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.1 9.7 10.0 3.2 2.8 83.0 82.4 86.7 87.0 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool ^ hats. All other industries — 1914 1909 1914 1909 170,615 175, 176 691,315 592, 961 506 732 25,451 22,682 810 782 12,676 9,833 1,408 1,678 15,244 12,239 3,915 3,262 86, 161 66, 155 163,976 168, 722 551,883 482, 162 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.0 2.3 1.9 96.1 96.3 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 444 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTEES : 1914.. SEX AND AGE DISTRIBUTION OF WAGE EARNERS IN THE TRIES; 1914 AND 1909. LEADING INDUS- Tatole 307 Cen- sus year. WAGE EARNERS. Average number. Number Dec. 15, or nearest sentative day. repre- Per cent of total. rNDUSTKY. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- der 16 yrs. of Uale. Female. Male. Fe- male. age. All industries 1914 1909 1914 1909 7,036,337 6,615,046 ^:] « t^ 78.5 78.1 19.7 19.5 1.7 2.4 Agricultural implements 48, 459 50,551 49, 608 55,429 49,019 54,529 605 674 84 226 98.8 98.4 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.4 Artificial stone products 1914 1909 10,255 9,957 12,779 13, 153 12,749 13, 109 16 10 14 34 99.8 99.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 Automobiles, including bodies and parts. 1914 1909 127,092 75, 721 129,038 97,250 126,674 96,060 2,269 982 195 208 98.1 98.8 1.8 1.0 0.1 0.2 Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. 1914 1909 206,088 198,297 209,992 211,507 134,441 132,411 71,632 70,457 3,919 8,639 64.0 62.6 34.1 33.3 1.9 4.1 Boots and shoes, rubber 1914 1909 18,687 17,612 20,437 18,528 12,133 10,993 8,034 7,060 270 473 59.4 59.3 39.3 38.1 1.3 2.6 Boxes, fancy and pajwr 1914 1909 45,311 39,514 45, 166 43,239 17,541 14,198 25, 417 25,961 2,208 3,080 38.8 32.8 56.3 60.0 4.9 7.1 Brass, bronze, and copper products. 1914 1909 40,306 40, 618 39,911 46,230 37,165 42,908 2,486 2,774 260 548 93.1 92.8 6.2 6.0 0.7 1.1 Bread and other bakery products. 1914 1909 124,052 100, 216 128, 119 104,443 101, 622 84,956 25,066 17,407 1,431 2,080 79.4 81.3 19.6 16.7 1.1 2.0 Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products. 1914 1909 127,444 132, 696 142,484 153,742 133,793 144,420 7,426 6,896 1,266 2,426 93.9 93.9 5.2 4.6 0.9 1.6 Butter, cheese, and con- densed milk. 1914 1909 23,059 18,431 23,723 19,323 21,782 17,743 1,850 1,468 91 112 91.8 91.8 7.8 7.6 0.4 0.6 Buttons . . - 1914 1909 14,511 16,427 15,098 17,873 9,394 10, 721 5,425 6,530 279 622 62.2 60.0 35.9 36.5 1 8 3.6 Canning and preserving 1914 1909 74,071 59,968 201, 700 155, 847 91,0.53 67, 219 101,766 77,593 8,881 11,035 45.1 43.1 50.4 49.8 4.4 7.1 Carpets and rugs, other than rag. 1914 1909 31,309 33,307 31, 448 34,874 18, 143 19,601 12,654 13,859 651 1,414 57.7 36.2 40.2 39.7 2.1 4.1 Carriages and wagons and materials. 1914 1909 52,391 69,928 51,223 72,783 50,335 71,104 753 1,126 135 663 98.3 97.7 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.8 Cars and general shop con- struction and repau-s by electric-railroad companies. Cars and general shop con- struction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not in- cluding operations of rail- road companies. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 26,384 22,418 339,518 282, 174 54,288 43,086 27,916 26,775 25,509 23,482 336,316 302,080 57,811 58,274 28, 969 29, 172 25,403 23,358 335,805 301,431 57,687 58,046 28,896 29,072 99 108 432 455 208 190 26 28 7 16 79 194 16 38 47 72 99.6 99.6 99.8 99.8 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.7 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 («) 0.1 (') 0.1 0.2 0.2 Chflmmals 1914 1909 32,311 23,729 32,496 25,358 30,586 24,119 1,621 1,061 290 178 94.1 95.1 5.0 4.2 0.9 0.7 Clocks and v?atohes, includ- ing oases and materials. 1914 1909 23,328 23,857 23,114 25,574 14,264 15,775 8,540 9,262 310 537 61.7 61.7 36.9 36.2 1.4 2.1 Clothing, men's, including shirts. 1914 1909 225,719 239,696 233,140 257,128 95,994 109, 139 133,719 142,781 3,427 6,208 41.2 42.4 57.4 H.6 1.5 2.0 Clothing, women's 1914 1909 168,907 153,743 175,302 162,860 63, 241 68,316 111,034 103,063 1,027 1,480 36.1 35.8 63.3 63.3 0.6 0.9 1 Total not given for reasons explained on pages 4 26 and 427. 2 Less ttian one-tenth of 1 per cent. PEKSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEIES. 445 SEX AND AGE DISTEIBDTION OF WAGE EARNERS IN THE 88 LEADING INDUS- TRIES: 1914 AND 1909— Continued. TaDlO 207— Continued. WAGE EAKNEE3 Number Dec. 15^ or nearest repre- sentative day. Per cent of total. Cen- sus year. INDTISTBY. Average number. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- der 16 yrs. of Male. Female. Male. Fe- male. age. Coke, not including gas- house colte. 1914 1909 21, 107 29,273 19, 908 33, 222 19, 793 33,119 3 6 112 97 99.4 99.7 0) 0.6 0.3 Confectionerv . . - . 1914 1909 53,658 44,638 59,539 62, 421 21,577 18,836 35,566 30, 453 2,397 3,132 36.2 35.9 59.7 58.1 4.0 WlUlL'Wl'^U^'^'^ .,.-..---.-.-..-.. 6.0 Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. 1914 1909 23,546 26, 269 25,345 29,538 23,736 27,713 1,226 1,341 383 484 93.7 93.8 4.8 4.5 1.5 1.6 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. 1914 1909 80,029 73, 615 77,934 78,909 66, 265 66,797 10,315 9,716 1,354 2,396 85.0 84.7 13.2 12.3 1.7 3.0 Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. 19H 1909 27,323 24,866 26,612 25,967 13,823 12,854 11,685 11,442 1,104 1,671 51.9 49.5 43.9 44.1 4.1 6.4 Corsets 1914 1909 20,496 17,564 19,418 18,152 2,528 2,291 16,300 15, 234 590 627 13.0 12.6 83.9 83.9 3.0 3.5 Cotton goods, including cot- ton small wares. 1914 1909 393,404 378,880 402,064 387,698 214, 746 197,420 163,519 160,057 33,789 40, 221 53.4 50.9 38.2 38.7 8.4 10.4 Cutlery and tools, not else- where specified. 1914 1909 33, 427 32,996 33, 218 35,803 30,027 31,804 2,754 3,389 437 610 90.4 88.8 8.3 9.5 1.3 1.7 Dyeing and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. Electrical machinery, appa- ratus, and supplies. 1914 1909 1914 1909 48,467 44,046 118,078 87,256 46,776 45,841 111,251 102,960 37,853 36,486 88,411 78,605 8,175 8,269 22, 167 23,398 748 1,086 673 947 80.9 79.6 79.5 76.4 17.5 18.0 -19.9 22.7 1.6 2.4 0.6 0.9 Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. 1914 1909 10,967 12,191 11,169 13, 130 6,386 8,375 4,510 4,308 273 447 67.2 63.8 40.4 32.8 2.4 3.4 Fertilizers 1914 1909 22,815 18,310 25, 219 18,653 26,078 18,465 108 120 33 68 99.4 99.0 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.4 Firearms and ammunition. . . 1914 1909 18, 557 14,715 22,235 14,619 17,524 11,477 4,590 2,959 121 183 78.8 78.5 20.6 20.2 0.6 0.4 Flour-mill and gristmill products. 1914 1909 39, 718 39,453 41,736 42,496 41,123 41, 787 533 666 80 143 98.5 98.3 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.3 Food preparations, not else- where specified. 1914 1909 20,306 14,968 22, 421 17,786 16,540 12,070 5,624 5,449 257 267 73.8 67.9 25.1 30.6 1.1 1.5 Foundry and machine-shop products. 1914 1909 564, 610 631,011 545, 486 604, 167 530,807 587,636 11, 899 11, 895 2,780 4,636 97.3 97.3 2.2 2.0 0.5 0.8 Furnishing goods, men's 1914 1909 42,205 38, 482 42, 648 41, 970 9,813 9,163 31.802 31,926 933 891 23.1 21.8 74.7 76.1 2.2 2.1 Furniture and refrigerators . . 1914 1909 133, 498 128, 462 131, 802 13S;,829 126,443 132, 176 3,665 3,677 1,694 2,976 95.9 95.2 2.8 2.6 1.3 2.1 Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. 1914 1909 18, 047 18, 861 17,816 21,492 14, 101 17, 498 3,514 3,614 201 480 79.1 81.4 19.7 16.4 1.1 2.2 Gas, illuminating and heat- ing. 1914 1909 43,792 37, 215 42,284 37,396 42,067 37,308 190 71 27 17 99.5 99.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 1914 1909 74,502 68,911 84, 168 85,285 76,909 76,286 4,999 4,593 2,250 4,407 91.4 89.4 5.9 6.4 2.7 6.2 Gloves and mitteas, leather . . 1914 1909 10,668 11, 364 : 11,026 12,188 4,846 6,202 6,010 6,697 170 289 44.0 42.7 54.5 54.9 l.S 2.4 Hats, fur-felt 1914 1909 21,318 25,064 21,552 ; 30,292 15,550 21,182 5,760 8,468 232 642 72.2 69.9 26.7 28.0 1.2 2.; - cent. 446 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. SEX AND AGE DISTRIBUTION OF WAGE EARNEES IN THE 88 LEADING INDUS- TRIES: 1914 AND 1909— Continued. TalJle 207— Continued. ■WAGE EAKNEHS. Number Dec. 15, or nearest sentative day. repre- Per cent of total. Cen- sus year. INDUSTRY. Average number. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- der 16 yrs. of Male. Female. Male. Fe- male. age. Hosiery and knit goods 1914 1909 150,620 129,275 153, 438 136,713 42,693 37,419 101,586 88,183 9,159 11,111 27.8 27.4 66.2 64.6 6.0 8.2 Ice, manufactured 1914 1909 23,011 16,114 24,827 16,689 24,519 15,452 72 22 236 115 98.8 99.1 0.3 0.1 9 o!7 Iron and steel, blast furnaces . 1914 1909 29,356 38,429 29,660 47,278 29,601 47,184 6 10 63 84 99.8 99.8 8 0.2 0.2 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. 1914 1909 248,716 240,076 248,945 284,264 247,275 281,801 944 1,114 726 1,349 99.3 99.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Iron and steel lorgings, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Jewelry 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 10,658 11,345 10, 689 8,168 28,289 30,347 10,073 12,969 10,706 10,566 28,523 33,914 8,886 11,268 10,429 10,362 21,458 23,336 1,091 1,330 151 19 6,397 9,645 96 361 125 195 668 933 88.2 87.0 97.4 98.0 75.2 68.8 10.8 10.3 1.4 0.2 22.4 28.4 1.0 2.8 1.2 1.8 2 3 2! 8 Leather goods 1914 1909 31,417 34, 907 31,828 36, 502 26,274 29,868 4,786 6,738 768 896 82.5 81.8 16.0 15.7 2 4 2^4 Leather, taimed, curried,and finished. 1914 1909 65,936 62,202 56,371 66, 717 54, 345 64,005 1,863 2,230 163 482 96.4 96.9 3.3 3.3 0.3 0.7 Lime 1914 1909 12, 429 13,897 12,416 14, 404 12,375 14,353 13 8 27 43 99.7 99.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 6.3 Liquors, malt 1914 1909 62,070 64,579 61,036 64, 136 60,359 52,866 609 1,040 68 230 98.9 97.7 LO 1.9 1 o!4 Locomotives, not made by railroad companies. 1914 1909 17,391 14,909 16, 648 18, 319 16,639 18, 310 8 1 9 99.9 100.0 (') 0) Lumber and timber products 1914 1909 618, 163 696, 019 725,610 838, 160 717, 436 826,978 4,178 4,027 3,897 7,156 98.9 98.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 Marble and stone work 1914 1909 64, 981 65,603 56, 187 67,921 65, 907 67,676 99 112 '181 234 99.6 99.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Mattresses and spring beds.. 1914 1909 11,747 11,322 11,666 11,922 9,249 9,629 2,201 2,194 206 199 79.3 79.9 18.9 18.4 1.8 1.7 Millinery and lace goods 1914 1909 45,274 39,201 42,242 40,522 11,256 8,061 30,084 31, 290 902 1,171 26.6 19.9 7L2 77.2 2.1 2.9 Mineral and soda waters 1914 1909 16,506 13, 147 15,990 12,860 15, 282 12,261 367 238 341 361 95.6 95.3 2.3 L8 2.1 2.8 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. 1914 1909 37,556 38,020 36, §76 40,373 33, 860 37,627 2,467 2,098 349 748 92.3 93.0 6.7 5.2 1.0 1.8 Oil, cottonseed, and cake 1914 1909 21,810 17, 071 37,155 29,691 37,030 29,651 88 49 37 91 99.7 99.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 Paint and varnish 1914 1909 16,083 14,240 15,546 14,426 14,302 13,207 1,198 1,137 46 82 92.0 91.6 7.7 7.9 0.3 0.5 Paper and wood pulp 1914 1909 88, 457 76,978 89,005 78,672 79,508 68,497 9,391 9,909 106 266 89.3 87.1 10.6 12.6 0.1 0.3 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. 1914 1909 21,624 19,211 1 21, 591 20,600 11,666 10,141 9,644 9,707 391 652 63.6 49.6 44.7 47.4 1.8 3.2 1 Less tlian one-tenth of 1 per cent. PEESOWS ENGAGED IN INDUSTKIES. 447 SEX AND AGE DISTRIBUTION OF WAGE EARNERS IN THE 88 LEADING INDUS- TRIES: 1914 AND 1909— Continued. Talt)le 207— Continued. W.IQE EARNERS Number Dec. 15, or nearest sentatlve day. 'epre- Per cent of total. Cen- sus year. INDUSTRY. Average number. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- der yrs. of Male. Female. Male. 60.2 46.6 Fe- male. age. Patent medicines and com- pounds and druggists' prep- arations. Pavinff materials 1914 1909 25,502 22,895 25,653 24,683 12,879 11,503 12,365 12,672 409 508 48.2 51.3 1.6 2.1 1914 1909 19,640 1,419 21,725 1,613 21,629 1,607 60 36 6 99.6 99.6 0.3 0.2 J. *• ¥ U^g xjJiuruuL iui*M ■ >•«-■>*•>■• 0.4 Petroleum refinin£C. 1914 1909 25,366 13, 929 24,938 14, 873 24,742. 14, 667 167 170 39 46 99.2 98.5 0.6 . 1-1 0.2 .1. WL \/J.\JL* ^" * J *■ ^/' ■ 1 1 ■ 1 l^B ■-.«■••>• 0.3 Printing and publishing 1914 1909 272,092 258, 434 275,126 272,027 210,569 204,388 58,246 60,973 6,311 6,666 76.5 76.1 21.2 22.4 2.3 2.4 Rubber goods, not elsewliere specified. 1914 1909 50,220 26,521 49, 279 29,819 42,599 24,498 6,304 4,889 376 432 86.4 82.2 12.8 16.4 0.8 1.4 Sewing macliines, cases, and attacliments. ■ 1914 1909 18,007 19,296 16, 432 20, 267 15, 673 19,001 804 895 56 371 94.8 93.8 4.9 4.4 0.3 1.8 Shipbuilding, including boat building. 1914 1909 44, 489 40,506 42,735 44, 034 42, 453 43,664 90 67 192 403 99.3 98.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.9 Silk goods, including throw- , sters. 1914 1909 108, 170 99,037 106,508 102, 369 40,960 36,785 57,860 58, 441 7,688 8,143 38.5 36.0 64.3 57.1 7.2 8.0 Silverware and plated ware. . 1914 1909 15, 787 16,610 15,771 18, 110 13,187 14,971 2,407 2,793 177 346 83.6 82.7 15.3 15.4 1.1 1.9 Slaughtering and meat pack- ing. 1914 1909 101,076 89,728 •107,496 94, 854 100,324 88,352 6,903 5,960 269 542 93.3 93.1 6.4 6.3 0.3 0.5 Smelting and refining, copper 1914 1909 17,731 15, 628 18,150 16,029 14,033 13,784 18, 144 16,013 10,429 9,998 6 16 100.0 99.9 (') 0.1 Soap 1914 1909 14,172 12,999 3,398 3,431 206 366 74.3 72.5' 24.2 24.9 1.5 2.6 Stoves and furnaces, includ- ing gas and oil stoves. 1914 1909 37,325 37, 130 37,254 39,241 36,929 38, 790 143 141 182 310 99.1 98.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 Sugar, refining 1914 1909 11,253 9,399 11,390 9,765 10,860 9,434 502 286 28 46 96.3 96.6 4.4 2.9 0.2 0.5 Tobacco manufactures 1914 1909 178,872- 166, 810 182, 108 181,036 82,278 90,417 94,966 84, 193 4,874 6,426 46.2 49.9 52.1 46.6 2.7 3.6 Turpentine and rosin -1914 1909 34, 817 39,611 36,604 41,272 35,965 40,593 68 60 481 619 98.5 98.4 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.6 Typewriters and supplies 1914 1909 11,091 9,678 10,127 10,182 8,738 8,819 1,299 1,271 90 92 86.3 86.6 12.8 12.5 0.9 0.9 Wire 1914 1909 17,600 18,084 16,764 19,929 16, 082 18,944 672 884 10 101 95.9 95.1 4.0 4.4 0.1 0.5 Wirework, including wire rope and cable, not else- where specified. Wood, turned and carved 1914 1909 12, 126 12, 348 11,790 13,406 10,111 10,997 1,458 1,993 221 416 86.8 82.0, 12.4 14.9 1.9 3.1 1914 1909 11,615 14, 139 11,886 15,680 11,359 14,795 417 613 .110 272 95.6 94.4 3.5 3.9 8.9 1.7 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and woolhats. 1914 1909 163,976 168,722 169,002 175,171 92, 402 92, 820 70,226 72, 409 6,375 9,942 54.7 53.0 41.6 41.3 3.8 5.6 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 448 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUKES : 1&14. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, WITH PER CENT OF TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904. (Note.— The total tor all industries in this table is talcen from Table 209 where the distribution bysex and age is computed for all industries in each state; therefore this table does not add to the total. ] Table 208 NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS AT EACH CENSUS. Average number of wage earners. Per cent of total. Cen- sus year. INDUSTRY. Total. 16 years of age and ■ over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- der 16 years of age. Male. Female. Male. Female. All industries 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909. 1904 7,036,337 6, 615, 046 5,468,383 6,626,198 6, 163, 164 4, 242, 643 1,389,366 1,290,389 1,065.855 121,773 161, 493 159, 885 78.5 X8-1 77.6 19.7 19.5 19.5 1.7 2.4 2.9 Agricultural implements 48, 459 60,551 47, 394 47,884 49,730 46,631 493 615 579 82 206 184 98.8 98.4 98.4 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes. 1914 1909 1904 9,291 10, 016 4,343 1,347 1,317 604 7,664 8,387 3,545 380 312 194 14.6 13.1 13.9 81.4 83.7 81.6 4.1 3.1 4.6 Artificial stone products 1914 1909 1904 10,2.'iD 9,957 2, .506 10,231 9,924 2,503 13 7 11 26 3 99.8 99.7 99.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 Artists' materials 1914 1909 1904 604 274 484 528 188 109 HI 76 11 16 10 80.1 80.2 68.6 18.0 17.3 27.7 1 8 2.4 3.6 Automobiles, including bodies and parts. 1914 1909 1904 127, 092 75, 721 . 12,049 124, 669 74, 794 11,937 2,240 765 40 193 162 72 98.1 98.8 99.1 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.6 Awnings, tents, and sails 1914 1909 1904 6,073 4,242 3,432 3,022 2,376 1^973 1,994 1,799 1,422 57 67 37 59.6 56.0 67.6 39.3 42.4 41.4 1.1 1.6 1.1 Babbitt metal and solder 1914 1909 1904 1,035 897 569 984 876 539 51 17 29 4" 1 95.1 97.7 94.7 4.9 1.9 5.1 '" O.'i 0.2 Bags, other than paper . 1914 1909 1904 9,358 7,968 5,722 3,451 2,710 1,959 5, .547 4,628 3,418- 300 730 345 36.9 34.0 34.2 69.3 56.8 59.7 3 8 9.2 6.0 Bags, paper, not including bags made in paper mills. 1914 1909 1904 3,. 505 3,212 2,473 1,780 1,636 1,285 1,691 1,520 1,120 34 56 68 .50.8 60.9 62.0 48.2 47.3 45.3 1.0 1.7 2.7 Baking powders and yeast 1914 1909 1904 2,270 2, 155 2,449 1,608 1,137 1,175 760 967 1,238 2 61 36 66.4 62.7 48.0 33.5 44.9 50.6 0.1 2.4 1.5 Baskets, and rattan and willow ware. 1914 1909 1904 4,. 574 4,664 5,106 3, 450 3,540 3,828 998 939 1,072 126 186 206 75.4 75.9 75.0 21.8 20.1 21.0 2.8 4.0 4.0 Belting and hose, woven and rubber. 1914 1909 1904 6,067 6,319 4,390 4,901 5,164 3,511 1,125 1,074 778 41 81 103 80.8 81.7 80.0 ' 18.5 17.0 17.7 0.7 1.3 2.3 1914 1909 1904 2,951 3,006 2,092 2,852 2,848 2,014 69 99 66 30 59 12 96.6 94.7 96.3 2.3 3.3 3.2 1.0 2.0 0.6 Billiard tables and materials 1914 1909 1904 1,453 1,496 796 1,416 1,451 776 37 40 16 4' 4 97.6 97.0 97.5 2.6 2.7 2.0 ■"o.'s 0.5 Blacking and cleansing and pol- ishing preparations. 1914 1909 1904 3,005 2,417 1,782 1,769 1,381 966 1,192 968 769 44 78 57 58.9 57.1 54.2 39.7 39.6 42.6 1.5 3.2 3.2 1914 1909 1904 264 313 206 123 133 105 118 1.58 94 13 22 7 48.4 42.5 51.0 46.6 .60.5 45. 6 6.1 7.0 3.4 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEIES. 449 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE. WITH PER CENT OF TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. • [See note at liead of this table, p. 448.] Table 208~Continued. NUMBER AND PEK CENT OF WAGE EAENEE.S AT EACH CENSUS. Average number of 1 wage earners. j Per cent of total. Cen- sus year. INDUSTRY. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- [lerl6 years of age. Male. Female. Male. Female. Bone, carbon, and lamp black. . 1914 1909 1904 339 228 200 335 220 192 4 8 7 i' 98.8 96.5 96.0 1.2 3.5 3.5 '"'6.5 Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. 1914 1909 1904 206,088 198,297 160, 294 131,955 124 141 101,828 70, 288 66,057 62, 987 3, 846 8,099 5,479 64.0 62.6 63.5 34.1 33.3 33.1 1.9 4.1 3.4 Boots and shoes, rubber 1914 1909 1904 18,687 17,612 18,991 11,094 10,451 10,985 7,346 6,711 7,450 247 4.50 656 59.4 69.3 67.8 39.3 38.1 39.2 1.3 2.6 2.9 1914 1909 1904 5,835 6,-115 6,282 2,496 2,719 2,793 3,027 3,042 3,149 312 354 340 42.8 44.6 44.5 61.9 49.7 50.1 .■5.3 6.8 6.4 Boxes, fancy, and paper 1914 1909 1904 45, 3U 39,514 32,082 17, .597 12,975 9,575 25,499 23, 724 20,527 2,215 2,815 1,980 38. 8 32.8 29.8 56.3 60.0 64.0 4.9 7.1 6.2 Brass, bronze, and copper products. 1914 1909 1904 40, 306 40,618 33, 168 37,533 37, 699 30,044 2,611 ■ 2, 437 2,705 262 432 359 93.1 92.8 90.6 6.2 6.0 P. 3 0.7 1.1 1.1 Bread and other bakery prqd- ucts. 1914 1909 1904 124,052 100, 216 81, 278 98.396 8i;518 64,576 24,270 16,702 14, 842 1,380 1,996 1,800 79.3 81.3 79.4 19.6 16.7 18.3 1.1 2.0 2.3 Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products. 1914 1909 1904 127,444 132, 696 118,449 119, 145 124,253 109, 964 7,161 (1,357 5,989 1,138 2,086 2,506 93.5 93,6 92.8 6.6 4.8 5.1 0.9 1.7 2.1 Brooms . 1914 1909 5,642 5,199 4,795 4,647 639 467 308 195 85.0 87.6 9.6 8.8 6.4 3.8 Brushes 1914 1909 7,213 0,954 4,880 4,264 2,131 2,408 202 282 67.7 61.3 29.6 34.0 2.8 4.1 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. 1914 1909 1904 23,059 18, 431 15,557 21,122 16,924 14, 030 1,850 1,400 1,405 87 107 116 91.6 91.8 90.2 8.0 7.6 9.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 1914 1909 1904 304 295 404 2,U 282 391 43 13 12 i' 85.9 95.6 96.8 14.1 4.4 3.0 "'6.' 2 Buttons 1914 1909 1904 14,511 16,427 10,567 9,029 9, 853 5,188 5,214 6,002 6,024 268 572 355 62.2 60.0 49.1 36.9 36.5 47.6 1.8 3.6 3.4 1914 1909 1904 387 539 816 214 334 598 142 164 185 31 41 33 65.3 62.0 73.3 36.7 30.4 22.7 8.0 7.6 4.0 Canning and presemng 1914 1909 1904 74, 071 59, 968 56,944 34,577 25,805 25,518 36,551 29,857 •27,414 2,943 4,246 4,012 40.7 43.1 44.8 49.3 49.8 48.1 4.0 7.1 7.0 Card cutting and designing 1914 1909 1904 517 525 696 203 290 375 280 225 297 34 10 24 39.3 56.3 53.9 54.2 42.8 42.7 6.6 1.9 3.4 Carpets and rugs, other than rag. 1914 1909 1904 31,309 33,307 33,221 18,063 18,720 16,930 12,598 13,236 14,408 648 1,351 1,883 67.7 56.2 51.0 40.2 39.7 43.4 2.1 4.1 5.7 1914 1909 1904 2,130 1,982 1,736 1,641 1,534 1,334 419 400 360 70 48 52 77.0 77.4 76.8 19.7 20.2 20.2 3.3 2.4 3.C 450 CENSUS OF MAJSTUFACTXJRES : l<. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, WITH PER CENT OF TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 448.] • Tatole 208— Continued. NUMBER AND PEK CENT OF WAGE EAENEES AI EACH CENSUS. Average number of wage earners. Per cent of total. Cen- sus year. INDUSTET. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- der 16 years Male. Female. Male. Female. of age. Carriages and sleds, children's. . 1914 1909 1904 5,900 5,300 4,003 6,329 4,659 3,658 473 524 268 98 117 77 90.3 87.9 91.4 8.0 9.9 6.7 1.7 2.2 1.9 Carriages and wagons and ma- terials. 1914 1909 1904 52,391 69,928 77, 882 51, 481 68,315 75,943 771 1,082 1,203 139 631 736 98.3 97.7 97.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.8 0.9 Cars and general shop construc- tion and repairs by electric- railroad companies. 1914 1909 1904 26,384 22,418 11,062 26,276 22,300 11,009 102 103 38 7 15 5 99.6 99.5 99.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 Cars and general shop construc- tion and repairs by steam- railroad companies. 1914 1909 1904 339,518 282, 174 236,870 339,002 281,568 236,274 436 425 494 80 181 102 99.8 99.8 99.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 (1) 0.1 Cars, electric-railroad, not in- cluding operations of railroad companies. 1914 1909 1904 3,840 3,583 4,730 3,794 3,547 4,067 26 22 9 21 14 64 98.8 99.0 98.7 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.1 Cars, steam-raihoad, not in- cluding operations of railroad companies. 1914 1909 1904 54,288 43,086 34,058 54,078 42,917 33,896 195 141 135 15 28 27 99.6 99.6 99.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0) 0.1 0.1 Cash registers and calculating macliines. 1914 1909 1904 8,956 7,466 4,079 8,375 6,796 3,659 658 648 416- 23 22 5 93.6 91.0 89.7 6.2 8.7 10.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 Cement... 1914 1909 1904 27,916 26,775 17,478 27,846 26,683 17,419 25 26 9 45 66 60 99.7 99.7 99.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 0.2 0.3 Charcoal, not including produc- 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 228 631 923 32,311 23,729. 19, 847 227 616 917 30,411 22,569 18,689 1 16 6 288 167 74 99.6 97.5 99.3 94.1 96.1 94.2 5.0 4.2 5.6 0.4 tion in the lumber and wood 2.5 0.7 Chemicals 1,612 993 1,084 9 0.7 0.4 China decorating, not including that done in potteries. 1914 1909 1904 295 328 226 131 , 164 80 153 153 136 11 11 9 44.4 50.0 35.6 51.9 46.6 60.4 3.7 3.4 4.0 Chocolate and cocoa products, not including confectionery. 1914 1909 1904 4,160 2,826 2,090 2,730 1,669 1,205 1,367 1,057 768 63 100 117 65.6 59.1 57.7 32.9 37.4 36.7 1.5 3.6 6.6 Cloclcs and watches, including cases and materials. 1914 1909 1904 23,328 23,867 22,579 14,475 14, 716 13,934 8,640 8,640 8,337 313 501 308 62.0 61.7 61.7 36.6 36.2 36.9 1.3 2.1 1.4 Cloth, sponging and refinishing. 1914 1909 1904 901 975 795 871 945 768 4 27 34 26 3 3 96.7 96.9 95.3 0.4 2.8 4.3 2.9 0.3 0.4 1914 1909 1904 1,669 1,648 1,063 576 634 423 1,038 965 661 56 149 79 34.5 32.4 39.8 62.2 68.5 52.8 3.4 9.1 7.4 Clothing, men's, buttonholes... 1914 1909 1904 672 830 903 365 487 477 292 339 396 15 4 30 54.3 58.7 62.8 43.5 40.8 43.9 2.2 0.5 3.3 Clothing, men's,including shirts. 1914 1909 1904 225,719 239,696 173,689 93,000 101,740 65,810 129,405 133, 101 103,726 3,314 4,855 4,163 41.2 42.4 37.9 57.3 65.6 59.7 1.5 2.0 2.4 I Less tlian one-tenth of 1 per cent. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 451 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. BY SEX AND AGE. WITH PER CENT OF TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, A^(D 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 448.) Table 208— Continued. NUMBER AND PEE CENT OF WAGE EAENEKS AT EACH CENSUS. Average number of wage earners. Per cent of total. Cen- sus year. INDUSTKT. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- done years Male. Female. Male. Female. of age. 1914 1909 1904 108,907 153,743 115,705 60,934 55,052 42,614 100,983 97,294 72,242 990 1,397 849 36.1 35.8 36.8 63.3 63.3 62.4 0.6 0.9 0.7 Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. 1914 1909 1904 8,549 7,490 5,959 5,031 4, 452 3,556 3,430 2,932 2,322 88 106 81 58.8 59.4 S9. 7 40.1 39.1 39.0 1.0 1.4 1.4 CofiEns, burial cases, and under- talcers' goods. 1914 1909 1904 9,468 9,339 8,468 7,753 7,630 6,947 1,649 1,604 1,456 66 105 65 81.9 81.7 82.0 17.4 17.2 17.2 0.7 1.1 0.8 Colie, not including gas-house colce. 1914 1909 1904 21, 107 29,273 18,981 53,658 44,638 36,239 20,985 29, 182 18,915 19,446 16,039 13,340 3 5 119 86 66 99.4 99.7 99.7 ^l 0.6 0.3 0.3 1914 1909 1904 32,052 25,932 21,123 2,160 2,667 1,776 36.2 35.9 36.8 59.7 58.1 58.3 4.0 6.0 4.9 Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specifled. 1914 1909 1904 23,546 26,269 27,743 22,017 24,646 26,122 1,172 1,193 1,078 357 430 543 93.5 93.8 94.2 5.0 4.5 3.9 1.5 1.6 2.0 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron prod- ucts. 1914 1909 1904 80,029 73,615 53, 035 67,823 62,316 44,830 10,798 9,064 6,686 1,408 2,235 1,519 84.7 84.7 84.5 13.5 12.3 12.6 1.8 3.0 2.9 Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. 1914 1909 1904 27,323 24,866 24,508 14, 153 12,315 12,343 12,042 10,952 10,072 1,128 1,599 2,093 51.8 49.5 50.3 44.1 44.1 41.1 4.1 6.4 8.6 Cordials and flavoring sirups. . . 1914 1909 1904 929 1,095 660 681 709 424 337 380 231 11 6 5 62.5 64.7 64.2 36.3 34.7 35.0 1.2 0.6 0.8 1914 1909 1904 3,454 3,142 2,895 1,999 1,703 1,296 1,298 1,271 1,350 157 168 249 57.9 54.2 44.8 37.6 40.4 46.6 4.5 5.3 8.6 1914 1909 1904 20,496 17,564 10,975 2,668 2,217 1,178 17,205 14,740 9,514 623 607 283 13.0 12.6 10.7 83.9 83.9 86.7 3.0 3.5 2.6 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. 1914 1909 1904 393,404 378,880 315,874 210,048 192,930 147,283 150,312 146,644 128,163 33,044 39,306 40,428 63.4 50.9 46.6 38.2 38.7 40.6 8.4 10.4 12.8 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 19(H 302 335 280 301 335 280 1 99.7 100.0 100.0 0.3 Cutlery and tools , not elsewhere specified. 33,427 32,996 26,188 30,233 29,310 24,016 2,755 3,124 1,641 439 562 531 90.4 88.8 91.7 8.2 9.5 6.3 1.3 1.7 2.0 Dairymen's, poultrymen's, and apiarists' supplies. 1914 1909 1904 5,551 4,871 2,608 5,268 4,654 2,310 261 172 257 22 45 41 94.9 95.5 88.6 4.7 3.6 9.8 0.4 0.9 1.6 1914 1909 1904 3,080 1,573 1,922 1,787 961 1,222 1,162 538 607 131 74 93 58.0 61.1 63.6 37.7 34.2 31.6 4.3 4.7 4.S Drug grindind 1914 1909 1904 1,059 922 981 775 642 802 252 236 178 32 44 1 73.2 69.6 81.8 23.8 25.6 18.1 3.0 4.8 0.1 > Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 452 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJEES : 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, WITH PER CENT OF TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904- Continued. (See note at head ot this table, p. 448.] Table 208 — Continued. Dyeing and iinishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. Dyestufls and extracts ■Electrical machinery, appa- ratus, and supplies. Electroplating. Cen- sus year. Emery and other abrasive wheels. Enameling and japanning. Engravers' materials Engraving and diesinMng. Engraving, wood Explosives Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. Fertilizers . Files.. Firearms and ammunition . Fire extinguishers, chemical . Fireworks . Flags, banners, regalia, society badges and emblems. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 19U 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 NUMBEE AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNEE3 AT EACH CENSUS. Average number of wage eamers. Total. 48, 467 44,046 35, 605 2,839 2,397 2,707 118,078 87,266 60,466 2,684 2,717 1,943 2,387 1,943 801 1,542 2,125 9,963 106 129 49 1,536 1,308 1,573 302 318 338 6,306 6,274 10,967 12,191 10,199 22,815 18,310 14,184 4,349 4,158 3,276 18,557 14,715 13,634 256 195 178 1,324 1 403 1,480 3,505 3,572 2,872 16 years of age and over. Male. 39, 221 35, 057 28, 483 2,796 2,365 2,678 93,837 66, 622 48,976 2,404 2,404 1,805 2,136 1,706 1,178 1,507 7,422 125 49 1,889 1,162 1,415 286 303 321 6,219 6,060 5,708 6,303 7,776 6,385 22, 687 18,125 14,048 3,710 3,636 2,687 14,808 11,552 10,962 253 189 175 785 769 794 2,184 2,204 1,873 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 1,211 1,274 946 Female. 8,471 7,945 6,658 27 36 25 23,627 19, 831 10,902 123 248 91 248 210 11 334 529 2,025 104 92 104 11 8 10 79 207 91 4,396 4,000 3,483 98 118 110 531 472 3,648 2,079 2,584 1 5 3 607 573 620 Under 16 years of age. 776 1,044 1,424 16 6 4 714 803 57 65 47 3 27 1 30 89 516 7 4 415 331 30 67 26 108 150 241 101 184 32 61 66 110 94 53 Per cent of total. 16 years of aj and over. Male. Female, 80.9 79.6 80.1 98.6 98.2 98.9 79.5 76.4 81.0 93.0 88.5 92.9 89.5 87.8 98.6 76.4 70.9 74.5 93.4 96.9 100.0 90.4 88.8 90.0 94.7 95.3 95.0 57.6 63.8 62.6 99.4 99.0 99.0 86.3 85.0 82.0 79.8 78.5 80.4 98.8 96.9 98.3 59.3 54.8 53.6 34.5 35.7 32.9 17.5 18.0 15.9 0.9 1.5 0.9 19.9 22.7 18.0 4.8 9.1 4.7 10.4 10.8 1.4 21.7 24.9 20.3 3.5 2.5 3.0 1.3 3.3 1.6 40.1 32.8 34.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 12.2 11.4 10.6 19.7 20.2 19.0 0.4 2.6 1.7 38.3 40.9 41.9 62.3 61.7 65.2 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEIES. 453 AVEEAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, B\ SEX AND AGE, WITH PER CENT OF TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1009, AND 1904— Contiaued. [See note at head of this table, p. 448.) Table 208— Continued. Cen- sus year. NUMBER AND PEK CENT OF WAGE EAENEKS AT EACH CENSUS. Average number of wage earners. Per cent of total. INDUSTRY. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years ofage. 16 years of age and over. Un- der 16 years Male. Female. Male. Female. of age. 1914 1909 1904 1,461 1,229 1,643 784 699 767 654 505 744 23 25 32 53.7 56.9 49.7- 44.8 41.1 48.2 1.6 2.0 2.1 1914 1909 1904 116 164 214 116 164 212 100.0 lOO.'O 99.1 1 1 0.5 0.5 Flour-mill and gristmill prod- ucts. 1914 1909 1904 39,718 39,453 39,110 39,135 38,796 38,572 507 524 450 76 133 88 98.5 98.3 98.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 Food preparations, not else- where specified. 1914 1909 1904 20,306 14,968 11,333 14,980 10,158 6,809 5,093 4,686 4,307 233 224 217 73.8 67.9 60.1 25.1 30.6 38.0 1.1 1.5 1.9 Foundry and machine-shop products. 1914 1909 1904 664,610 531,011 443,409 649,403 616,481 431,777 12,334 10,455 7,965 2,873 4,076 3,677 97.3 97.3 97.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 1914 1909 1904 665 464 316 553 463 300 2 1 13 2 99.6 99.8 96.2 0.4 0.2 4.1 '"o.'e 1914 1909 141 88 141 87 100.0 98.9 1 1.1 1914 1909 1904 9,030 11,927 9,370 6,566 7,048 6,474 3,424 4,831 3,852 40 48 44 61.6 59.1 58.4 37.9 40.5 41.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 Furnishing goods, men's 1914 1909 1904 42,205 38,482 27,185 9,830 8,392 3,836 31,446 29, 273 22,907 929 817 442 23.3 21.8 14.1 74.5 76.1 84.3 2.2 2.1 1.6 Furniture and refrigerators 1914 1909 1904 133,498 128,4,52 114,165 128,066 122,296 108,139 3,716 3,402 3,173 1,716 2,754 2,853 95.9 96.2 94.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 1.3 2.1 2.5 1914 1909 1904 1,526 1,241 1,105 1,340 i.ieo 1,044 182 70 52 3 11 9 87.9 93.6 94.5 11.9 5.6 4.7 0.2 0.9 0.8 1914 1909 1904 1,580 1,447 1,256 1,496 1,379 1,207 84 38 18 30' 31 94.7 95.3 96.1 5.3 2.6 1.4 2,i 2.5 Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. 1914 1909 1904 18,047 18,861 12,570 14,334 15,356 10, 432 3,512 3,084 1,800 201 421 338 79.4 81.4 83.0 19.6 16.4 14.3 1.1 2.2 2,7 Gas , illuminating and heating . . . 1914 1909 1904 43,792 37,215 30,566 43,567 37,127 30,524 197 71 33 28 17 9 99.5 99.8 99.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 Glass 1914 1909 1904 74,502 68,911 63,969 68,085 61,639 64,079 4,425 3,711 3,455 1,992 3,561 6,435 91.4 89.4 84.6 5.9 5.4 5.4 2.7 10.1 Glass, cutting, staining, and or- namenting. 1914 1909 1904 8,067 9,362 8,379 6,794 8,131 7,217 1,066 1,013 916 207 218 247 84.2 86.9 86.1 13.2 10.8 10.9 2.6 2.3 2.9 Gloves and mittens, leather 1914 1909 1904 10,668 11,354 10,645 4,689 4,846 4,174 5,815 6,239 6,245 164 269 226 44.0 42.7 39.2 54.5 54.9 58.7 l.S 2.4 2.1 > Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 454 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, WITH PEE CENT OF TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904^Continued. (See note at head of this table, p. 448.] Table 208— Continued. Glucose and starch. Glue, not elsewhere specified. . Gold and silver, leaf and foil . . . Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Graphite, ground and refined. Grease and tallow, not includ- ing lubricating greases. Grindstones Haircloth... Hair work, . Hammocks, Hand stamps and stencils and brands. Hat and cap materials. Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, fur-felt. Hats, straw . Hones and whetstones. Cen- sus year. Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 NUMBER AND PEE CENT OF "WAGE EAENBES AT EACH CENSUS. Average number of wage earners. Total, 4,609 4,773 4,679 3,129 3,265 2,864 1,135 1,383 1,402 456 456 287 250 162 218 5,106 4,357 3,628 686 1,394 706 595 538 1,193 3,634 285 272 271 1,767 1,651 1,506 1,775 2,367 2,414 7,322 6,201 21,318 25,064 22,047 9,483 8,814 6,667 170 152 220 293 232 16 years of age and over. Male, 4,147 4,389 4,339 2,801 2,826 2,524 491 597 640 249 161 214 5,054 4,319 3,620 686 1,394 705 260 197 1,217 149 138 108 104 1,484 1,366 1,261 1,222 1,627 1,576 5,289 4,398 4,477 15,381 17,626 15,.432 3,672 2,997 1,992 160 141 212 568 268 216 Female. 360 375 294 324 421 311 597 738 723 12 2 3 1 1 4 48 28 5 318 333 864 2,241 700 135 148 147 229 180 155 543 712 800 1,996 1,746 2,062 5,687 7,007 6,166 5,665 6,668 3,531 10 11 7 16 17 13 Under 16 years of age. 6 76 14 12 16 20 54 105 90 10 28 38 37 57 55 250 531 449 146 149 44 Per cent of total. 16 years of age and over. Male. Female, 92.0 92.0 92.7 89.5 86.5 88.1 43.3 43.2 45.6 97.4 99.3 99.0 99.6 99.4 98.2 99.0 ' 99.1 99.8 100.0 100.0 99.9 43.7 36.6 27.1 34.4 17.3 48.4 39.7 38.4 84.0 82.7 83.7 68.7 65.3 72.2 70.9 67.9 72.2 69.9 70.0 38.7 34.0 35.8 94.1 92.8 96.4 96.6 91.5 93.1 8.0 7.9 10.4 12.9 10.9 52.6 53.4 51.6 2.6 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.9 0.6 0.1 53.4 61.9 72.4 63.4 81,1 47.4 54.4 54.2 13.0 10.9 10.3 30.6 30.1 33.1 27.3 28.2 31.3 26.7 28.0 28.0 59.7 64.3 63.4 5.9 7.2 3.2 2.7 5.8 6.6 Un- der 16 years of 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 455 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. BY SEX AND AGE, WITH PER CENT OF TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 448.] Taljle 208— Continued. Cen- sus year. HTJMBEB AND PER CENT OF WAGE EABNEES AT EACH CENSUS. Average number of wage earners. Per cent of total. INDUSTRY. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- der 16 years Male. Female. Male. Female. of age. Hnsierv and knit goods 1914 1909 1904 150,520 129,275 104,092 41,874 35,383 25,212 99,669 83,386 69, 193 8,987 10,506 9,687 27.8 27.4 24.2 66.2 64.5 66.5 6.0 8.1 9.3 House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specifled. 1914 1909 1904 6,935 4,907 4,778 3,616 2,479 2,668 3,228 2,348 1,981 91 80 129 62.1 60.6 65.8 46.6 47.8 41.6 1.3 1.6 2.7 Ice manufactured 1914 1909 1904 23,011 16, 114 10, 101 22,726 16,972 10,029 67 23 18 218 119 54 98.8 99.1 99.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 n,9 0.7 0.5 Ink printing 1914 1909 1904 1,391 1,121 711 1,368 1,089 695 16 25 10 7 7 6 98.3 97.2 97.8 1.2 2.2 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 Ink, writing 1914 1909 1904 612 505 430 256 259 203 254 226 219 2 20 8 50.0 51.3 47.2 49.6 44.7 80.9 0.4 4.0 1.9 Instruments, professional and scientific. 1914 1909 1904 7,107 4,817 3,437 5,899 4,258 2,989 1,077 457 389 131 102 69 83.0 88.4 87.0 16.2 9.6 11.3 1.8 2.1 1.7 Iron and steel, blast furnaces. . . 1914 1909 1904 29,366 38,429 35,078 29,298 38,353 34,993 6 8 4 52 68 81 99.8 99.8 99.8 (■) (') (') 0.2 0.2 0.2 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. 1914 1909 1904 248,716 240,076 207,662 247,048 237,996 204,290 943 941 1,461 726 1,139 1,821 99.3 99.1 98.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.9 Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, wash- ers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills. 1914 1909 1904 10,668 11,346 8,090 9,402 9,865 6,921 1,154 1,164 767 102 316 402 88 2 87.0 86.6 10.8 10.3 9.5 1.0 2.8 5.0 Iron and steel, doors and shut- ters. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1,985 1,601 699 10,689 8,168 5,665 2,644 2,765 3,681 8,845 6,817 5,416 1,975 1,680 689 10 21 10 99.5 98 7 98.6 0.5 1,3 1.4 Iron and steel forgmgs, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, wrought pipe — 10,413 8,002 5,618 151 15 126 151 47 97.4 98.0 99.2 1.4 0.2 1.2 1.8 n.s 1,933 1,961 2,777 8,842 6,790 6,365 663 761 835 48 43 69 3 13 42 73.1 70.9 76.4 100.0 99.6 98.9 26.1 27.5 22.7 ■■■'6.' 2' 0.4 1.8 1.6 1.9 (1) 14 19 0.2 0.8 1914 1909 1904 28,289 30,347 22,080 21,282 20,882 15,845 6,346 8,630 6,785 662 835 450 75.2 68.8 71.8 22.4 28 4 26.2 2.3 2.8 2.0 Jewelry and instrument cases . . . 1914 1909 1904 2,393 2,070 1,676 1,064 923 794 1,256 1,095 860 83 62 22 44.0 44.6 47.4 62.5 52.9 51.3 3.5 2.6 1.3 Labels and tags 1914 1909 1904 2,600 2,313 1,348 1,695 1,387 872 848 828 419 67 98 67 65.2 60.0 64.7 32.6 36.8 31.1 2.2 4.2 4.2 Lapidary work 1914 1909 1904 684 627 .507 506 603 492 46 16 9 32 9 6 86.6 96.2 97.0 7.9 2.4 1.8 5.5 1.4 1.2 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 456 CENSUS OF MANXJFACTUBES : 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE. WITH PER CENT OF TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, A^fD 1904— Continued. [See note at head o[ this table, p. 448.] Table 208— Continued. Lasts. Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet. Leather goods . Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Liquors, distilled. Liquors, malt.. Liquors, vinous.. Locomotives, not made by rail- road companies. Looking-glass and picture frames Lubricating greases Lumber and timber products Malt Marble and stone work Matches Mats and matting, from cocoa fiber and grass. Mattresses and spring beds Cen- sus year. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 NUMBER AND PEK CENT OF WAGE EARNERS AT EACH CEN.SUS. Average number of wage earners. Total. 2,094 1,728 1,208 585 802 646 31,417 34,907 55,936 02, 202 67, 239 12, 429 13, 897 11,162 6,295 6, 430 5,356 62,070 54,. 579 48, 137 2,292 1,911 1,913 17,391 14, 909 -1,787 6,021 6,625 476 176 119 618, 163 695, 019 532, 560 1,989 1,760 2,064 64,981 65,603 51,110 3, 800 3,631 3,185 869 937 625 11,747 11,322 10,427 16 years of age and over. Male. 2,067 1,704 1,194 680 797 645 25,864 28, 563 27,602 63,926 59, 674 54, 517 12, 389 13,848 11,112 5,624 5,543 5,068 61,381 53,298 46, 984 2,209 1.836 1,810 17, 382 14,902 24,719 4,271 5.275 6,950 466 157 104 610, 747 685, 746 623,972 1,984 1, 757 2,052 54,707 66, 269 50,883 2,422 2,200 1,764 589 512 437 2,218 2,084 1,983 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 9,321 9,049 8,286 Female. 5 4 1 4,794 5,487 5,672 1,848 2,079 1,814 13 8 7 646 879 270 620 1,049 643 71 63. 87 443 495 479 10 14 14 3,936 3,340 3,014 4 2 1 97 108 92 1,147 1,212 1,248 278 397 182 Under 16 years of age. 769 857 1,016 162 449 908 27 41 33 25 8 17 232 510 12 12 10 1 7 87 73 251 196 3,481 5,933 5, 580 1 1 1 177 226 135 231 219 173 2 28 208 189 158 Per cent of total. 16 years of age and over. Male. Female. 99.1 99.4 99.8 82.3 81.8 80.7 96.4 96.9 95.2 99.7. 99.6 99.6 89.3 86.2 94.6 97.7 97.6 96.4 96.1 f4.9 99.9 100.0 99.6 89.2 87.6 89.8 97.9 89.2 87.4 98.8 98.7 98.4 99.7 99.8 99.9 99.5 99.5 99.6 63.7 60. e 56.4 67.8 64.6 79.3 79.9 79.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.2 15.3 15.7 16.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 10.3 13.7 6.0 1.0 1.9 1.3 3.1 3.3 4.5 (') 9.3 8.2 7.2 2.1 8.0 11.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 (') 0.2 0.2 0.2 30.2 33; 4 39.2 32.0 42.4 29.1 18.9 18.4 19.0 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 457 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX VND AGE, WITH PER CENT OP TOTAL FOR EACH CLASS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904— Continued. [See note at head of this table, p. 448.] Taljle 208— Continued. Cen- sus year. NUMBEK AND PEE CENT OF WAGE EARNERS AT EACH CENSUS. Average number of wage earners. Per cent of total. INDUSTRY. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- der 16 years Male. Female. Male. Female. of age. Millinery and lace goods 1914 1909 1904 45,274 39,201 27,600 12,064 7, 798 3,683 32,243 30,270 23,400 967 1,133 417 26.6 19.9 13.4 71.2 77.2 85.1 2.1 2.9 1.5 Mineral and soda waters 1914 1909 1904 15,506 13,147 10, 879 14,819 12,535 10,387 356 243 190 331 369 302 95.6 96.3 95.5 2.3 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.8 2.8 Minerals and earths, ground 1914 1909 1904 4,707 1,990 2,157 4,670 1,984 2,128 31 5 28 6 1 1 99.2 99.7 98.7 0.7 0.3 1.3 0.1 Mirrors, framed and unframed.. 1914 1909 1904 3,l.H rnpiTi, Wood preserving i' 4 7 6 108 245 286 ""6.'2' 3.5 3.9 2.9 0.1 1 0.3 8 Wood, turned and carved Wool pulling 407 553 424 1 0.9 1.7 1.9 1 ' 6" 10 6,229 9,576 11,030 278 10 697 5.8 6.7 8.6 41.7 41.3 39.4 12.2 22.5 14.2 0.1 Woolscouring 61 77 67 68,341 69,743 57,814 2,444 685 3,973 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. All other industries 0.5 1.3 3.8 6.7 7.5 1.4 0.3 2.1 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 463 AVEEAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE FOB BACH CLASS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1914, 1909, AND 1904. Tatole 309 Cen- sus AVEKAQE NUMBER OP WAGE EAKNERS. Period. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1 DIVISION AND STATE. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age and Under year. 16 over. 16 Total. years Total. years ■ Male. Fe- male. of age. Male. Fe- male. of age. United States.. - 1914 7,036,337 5,525,198 1,389,366 121, 773 1904-1914 28.7 30.2 30.3 -23.8 1909 6,615,046 5, 163, 164 1,290,389 161, 493 1909-1914 6.4 7.0 7.7 -24. 6 1904 1914 5,468,383 4,242,643 1,065,855 159, 885 1904-1909 1904-1914 21.0 21.7 21.1 1.0 GEOGBAPHIO DIVS.: New England !,1 1,654 421 2,134 6,188 5,617 2,010 1,253 4,088 60,220 408 12,969 2,972 5,089 681 667 2,244 4,660 4,467 3,643 4,446 3,699 14,308 33, 608 10, 981 61, 972 2,257 9,566 108,170 7,070 98,832 17, 731 7,385 9,617 2,585 14,172 NUMBEB or WAGE EAENEES EMPLOYED ON 15th DAT OF EACH MONTH, OE NEABEST EEPEESENTATrVE DAY. January. February. March, 13,544 1,013 13, 878 13, 698 2,825 4,m 1,178 282 577 1,848 25,068 9,276 6,317 2,087 0,919 10, 276 2,331 8,817 17,986 1,300 26, 034 1,408 114,868 893 114, 492 411 1,798 528 2,280 6,605 6,056 1,971 1,758 3,825 47, 201 515 13, 765 3,148 4,731 747 404 2,270 4,755 4,659 3,808 6,171 4,236 16, 056 36, 262 10, 776 56,006 2,301 9,288 107, 769 7,283 106, 613 20, 778 7,752 9,748 2,828 14, 212 13, 665 1,038 14, 143 32, 8^4 2,799 4,366 1,183 272 567 2,752 25,053 9,060 6,268 2,169 7,020 10, 742 2,442 9,097 18, 383 1,399 26, 732 926 115, 2l5 889 114, 495 1,800 399 2,263 6,608 6,260 2,007 1,690 3,787 60,788 13, 854 3,200 4,es4 736 soe 2,269 4,733 4,867 3,814 6,036 4,249 15, 803 35, 435 10, 341 56,487 2,353 9,ue 109, 712 7,298 103, 062 19, 867 7,564 9,663 2,732 14,325 13, 901 1,068 14,235 14, 765 2,834 4,298 1,192 245 649 2,899 25,833 9,413 6,306 2,192 7,024 10, 333 2,477 9,191 18,488 1,545 27,240 790 116,496 901 114,838 411 1,800 253 2,313 6,569 6,361 2,086 1,342 4,003 54,078 472 13, 653 3,142 4,875 736 2,228 4,784 1,885 3,903 4,858 4,265 16, 739 36, 788 11, 746 96, 699 2,392 9,282 110,879 7,214 20,381 7,541 9,824 2,777 14, 427 PERSONS ENGAGEI> IN INDUSTMES. 475 MONTH, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. by boldface figures and that of minimum employment by italic figures.] HUMBKR OF WAGE EAENEK3 EMPLOYED ON 15TH DAY OF EACH MONTH, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. May. 14,277 1,0,55 13,669 23,018 2,364 I i, 418 • 1,159 243 577 ' 2,928 25, 138 9,617 2,110 6,919 ' 10, 179 2,463 8,904 18, 562 1,432 27, 099 965 113, 221 876 114, 842 436 1,767 370 2,217 6,426 6,231 2,121 819 4,295 68, 246 400 13,135 3,108 6,126 624 714 i,17i 4,710 4,704 3,815 4,593 4,027 14, 985 36, 773 12, 794 53,483 2,374 9,868 112,761 6,973 91,973 20,726 7,612 9,663 2,801 14.418 June. 13,846 1,111 12,763 23,830 1,933 ' 4,408 1,138 ■ 243 596 2^905 26, 572 , 9,177 ' 6,207 2,113 ' 6,879 11,641 2,374 8,664 19,047 1,398 26, 668 1,016 112, 223 850 114, 146 413 1,719 474 2,161 6,408 5,962 2,100 344 4,240 54,624 12,834 3,065 6,128 622 720 2,186 4,662 4,711 3,688 4,512 4,110 14, 720 36, 222 12,388 61,366 2,291 9,927 111, 779 6,929 95, 108 20,837 7,640 9,439 2,779 14. ISH July. 13,399 1,129 12, 804 24, 328 1,781, 4,343 1,138 231 ■ 586 2,846 25, 849 9,623 6,136 2,029 6,888 12,312 2,206 8,m4 19,372 1,438 2S, 665 956 110, ids 84S 112, 565 410 1,701 605 2,132 5,446 1,997 SSB 4,205 61,414 12, 436 2,978 5,167 616 2,218 4,684 4,616 3,647 4,406 3,962 14, 648 34, 822 11,342 49,985 2,194 9,639 111,141 e,46S 94,848 20,502 7,449 9, mo 2,713 !.■! R9.? August. 13,136 1,123 n, 6is 1,932 4,313 1,142 241 680 2,786 24,946 9,673 6, 121 1,978 6,809 14,381 2,336 8,448 19, 394 1,517 26,764 953 110,476 849 112, BO i IflB 1,692 451 2,045 1,916 608 4,131 46, 617 376 12, 105 2,842 6,221 625 702 2,250 4,494 4,460 3,535 4,274 3,570 14,098 32, 967 10,639 48,164 2,184 9,611 109, 700 6,887 91,292 16,233 7,510 9,344 1,8S9 1.^ Q57 Septem- ber. 13, 180 1,106 12,862 23,739 2,094 4,317 I.ISS 242 579 2,948 25, 516 s,ns 6,080 1,864 6,296 19, 136 2,314 8,694 18, 718 1,627 1,060 111,999 873 113, 694 422 1,560 446 1,997 6,027 4,498 1,928 1,567 4,325 46,629 361 11,876 2,769 6,448 653 604 2,270 4,382 4,118 3,344 , 4,264 3,439 12,819 29, 808 10, 062 47, 7H 2,212 9,734 107, 193 7,033 96, 128 13,568 7,147 9,667 2, 160 Id ifin October. 13,207 1,070 12,946 22,234 1,878 4,300 1,136 242 577 3,150 25,773 9,017 6,132 1,862 6,177 17,540 2,338 8,734 18, 342 1,699 27, 188 1,402 112, 852 877 115, 041 451 1,619 486 1,962 5,710 4,862 2,006 1,701 4,314 45,881 352 12,401 2,777 6,492 645 515 4,299 4,005 S,273 3,966 28, 743 10, 419 48, 753 2,179 9,704 105, 213 7,249 101,938 13,436 7,089 9,801 2,628 14, 286 Novem- ber. 12,929 1,054 13,082 18,793 2,407 4,348 1,141 237 582 3,000 26,211 9,635 6,137 1,819 6,981 12,980 2,371 8,632 17, 722 1,492 26, 737 2,708 112, 726 884 115, 248 445 1,403 451 1,930 6,422 5,424 1,943 1,852 3,970 U,C74 344 12,679 2,721 5,169 715 476 2,309 4,294 3,941 3,388 3,820 2,737 12,449 M, 107 9,736 50, 113 2,127 9,497 100, 142 7,239 103, 859 n,29B 6,719 9,562 2,617 14, 106 Decem- ber. 12,699 1,052 13, 122 14,704 2,680 4,306 1,134 227 B41 2,964 24,868 10,007 6,191 1,81S 6,972 11,534 2,158 8,280 17,206 1,24s 26, 179 3,158 112, 890 852 116, 834 434 1,435 535 2,013 5,399 5,483 1,918 1,848 3,729 46, 271 373 13,491 2,757 4,971 729 430 ^,268 3,864 3,658 3,794 2,750 12, 592 29, 633 9,2$4 50,005 2,082 9,373 100,04s 7,160 108, 440 13,340 7,077 9,760 2,517 13,711 Per cent mini- mum is of maxi- mum. 476 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUKES : 1914^ WAGE EARNERS EMPLOYED EACH- [The month of maximum emplo^Tnent for each industry is indicated Tal3le 210— Continued. Soda-water apparatus Sporting and athletic goods Sjirings, steel, car and carriage, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Stamped and enameled ware, not else- where specified. Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified. . Statuary and art goods , Steam fittings and steam and hot-water heating apparatus. Steam packing Stencils and brands Stereotyping and electrotyping Stoves and hot-air furnaces Stoves, gas and oil Structural iron work, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Sugar, beet Sugar, cane Sugar, refining Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids Surgical appliances Suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods. Theatrical scenery Tinfoil Tin plate and temeplate Tinware, not elsewhere specified Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes Tools, not elsewhere specified Toys and games Trunks and valises Turpentine and rosin Type founding Typewriters ajid supplies .- Umbrellas and canes Upholstering materials, not elsewhere, specified. Varnishes Vault lights and ventilators Vinegar and cider "Wall paper, not made in paper mills Wall plaster Washing machines and clothes wringers.. Waste ;.. Watch and clock materials Watch cases Watches Wheelbarrows Whips Windmills Window and door screens and weather strips. Window shades and fixtinres Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable, not elsewhere specified. Wood carpet Wood distillation, not including turpen- tine and rosin. Wood preserving .■ Wood, turned and carved Wooden goods, not elset?here specified Wool pulling Wool scouring Wool shoddy Woolen and worsted goods All other industries ^ Average number employed NUMBER OF "WAGE EARNERS EMPLOYED ON 18th day of EACH MONTH, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATn^E DAY. during year. January. February. March. April. 2,229 5,602 3,703 2,320 5,893 3,584 2,271 6,886 3,566 2,409 5,961 3,790 2,489 6,478 3,818 28, 731 28, 732 29,787 30,785 30,537 7,728 7,601 7,737 7,953 7,879 1,988 26,388 l,89e 26,338 1,907 27,061 1,959 27,388 1,935 26,767 4,213 446 3,457 4,506 453 3,470 4,499 462 3,511 4,473 462 3,493 4,293 454 3,494 29,636 7,790 47, 167 27,112 7,622 46,876 30,828 8,127 45,859 31,650 8,373 46,744 31,496 8,612 46,508 7,997 3,632 11,253 6,693 1,453 9, Hi S,SS7 893 9,930 2,537 67S 11,722 3,164 701 11,983 3,064 4,282 9,646 2,8B8 4,121 9,722 2,903 4,261 9,975 2,900 4,276 10,027 2,898 4,244 9,942 88 1,031 5,238 22,584 25, 980 152,892 80 988 6,222 20,486 26,855 161,988 81 978 5,277 21, 422 27, 382 153,232 78 1,002 5,686 22,137 27,995 153,488 87 1,006 5,702 23,204 27; 566 lJl9,9lB 16,866 7,887 9,911 34,817 1,054 11,091 17,885 6,7 J^ 9,816 33, 717 1,060 13,074 17,812 6,438 10,324 33,984 1,094 13,164 17,910 6,853 10,427 35, 759 1,112 13,873 17,734 7,165 10,633 37,408 1 114 13,228 4,792 4,426 5,015 4,536 5,150 4,471 6,143 4,523 5,060 4,662 2,734 601 1,229 2,721 546 776 2,776 768 2,841 558 777 2,874 582 776 4,738 5,389 2,302 2,966 670 3,514 12, 390 6,517 4,906 2,371 2,975 727 3,887 12,863 5,466 4,998 2,461 3,050 715 3,859 12,885 6,202 5,230 2,612 3,108 706 3,825 12,913 4,864 5,696 2,503 2,982 695 3,805 12,487 323 1,163 1,955 3,194 296 1,199 2,051 3,099 297 1,203 2,064 3,214 287 1,206 2,102 3,496 406 1,213 2,077 3,878 4,077 4,086 4,070 4,134 4,230 17,600 12,126 18,483 12,644 18,733 12,648 is.sie 12,756 18,303 12,744 166 2,782 122 3,531 120 3,359 159 2,887 165 2,652 2,830 11,616 2,809 12,414 12,655 2,811 12,642 2,848 12,343 6,418 708 1,059 2,145 158,692 367 6,478 738 1,044 2,143 156,262 397 6,681 720 1,132 2,224 168,745 386. 6,676 750 » 1,101 2,220 163, 859 350 6,794 723 1,087 2,250 165, 175 381 1 Includes: Millstones; ordnance and accessories; pulp, Irom liber other than wood: and whalebone cutting. PEBSONS ENGAGED IN ■ INDUSTRIES. 477 MONTH, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. by boldface figures and that of minimum employment by italic iigures.] NUMEEK OF WAGE EARNEBS EMPLOYED ON 16TH DAT EEPKESEKTATIVE DAT. OF EACH MONTH, OB NEAREST Per cent mini- mum is of maxi- mum. May. June. July. August. Septem- October. Novem- ber. Decem- ber. 2,477 5,601 3,806 2,342 5,647 3,682 2,157 6,407 S,B28 2,076 6,m 3,597 1,960 5,416 3,862 2,097 5, 595 3,639 2,064 6,509 3,715 2,096 6,696 3,849 78.3 86.8 91.4 1 2 3 30,046 29,187 28,374 28,180 28,296 28,138 26,408 26,802 86.4 4 7,894 7,946 7,720 7,679 7,699 - 7,625 7,506 7,497 94.3 5 1,941 20,483 1,961 26,071 1,921 26,641 2,086 27,178 2,044 26,450 2,065 25,913 2,099 25,082 2,052 26,334 90.3 91.4 6 7 4,185 444 3,487 4,241 439 3,465 4,095 iSO 3,437 441 3,438 4,045 441 3,426 4,153 443 3,425 4,085 436 8,413 4,032 457 3,426 87.6 93.1 97.2 8 9 10 30,892 8,435 48,279 30,524 8,709 49,880 ee,75i 7,828 50,214 28,870 7,033 50,184 29,797 7,166 48,912 30,442 7,411 46,823 28,967 7,059 44,202 27,091 7,105 42,523 84.5 80.8 84.7 11 12 13 3,989 723 12,229 4,045 857 12,792 4,470 1,062 12,471 7,180 1,017 12,397 9,066 1,338 11,593 20,353 7,263 10, 390 18,686 14, 636 10,117 13,354 12,979 10,300 12.4 4.6 71.2 14 15 16 2,926 4,249 9,710 3,007 4,148 9,588 2,952 4,122 9,664 3,090 4,111 9,625 3,049 4,291 9,762 3,312 4,491 9,625 3,346 4,625 9,226 3,527 4,445 8,886 81.0 88.9 88.6 17 18 19 90 1,004 5,691 23,505 26,320 152,070 93 998 5,580 24,078 25,679 152, 270 101 1,006 6,448 24,134 25, 479 152,213 97 1,067 4,943 24,627 24,918 153,363 100 1,111 5,427 24, 940 25,811 154,810 89 1,085 5,526 22, 799 24,892 156,404 88 1,087 4,300 20, 139 24,575 164,005 72 1, 000 4,154 19,538 24, 288 150,948 71.3 87.1 72.9 78.3 86.8 95.9 20 21 22 23 24 25 17,346 7,601 10,318 37,767 1,056 12,891 16,748 7,861 10, 174 37,647 1,039 12.504 16, 746 8,299 10,124 37, 579 1,002 11,952 6,606 8,712 9,935 35,747 98B 8,290 16, 186 9,818 9,846 34,031 1,065 7,686 15,905 10,135 9,643 32,608 1,048 8,751 15,691 9,086 9,096 31, 160 1,036 9,011 15,823 7,031 8,597 30,407 1,033 9,268 87.6 66.7 80.9 80.6 88.8 57.9 26 27 28 29 30 31 4,981 4,574 4,760 4,341 4,473 4,298 4,726 4,273 4,738 4,510 4,619 4,485 4,470 4,294 86.8 92.8 32 33 8,881 616 778 2,822 633 815 2,737 620 882 2,664 600 1,006 2,643 635 1,651 2,616 639 2,529 2,605 633 2,477 2,628 610 1,513 90.4 84.5 30.4 34 35 30 4,448 5,691 2,528 3,027 686 3,699 12,557 4,007 5,667 2,321 3,074 653 3,659 12,388 3,945 5,762 2,316 2,864 629 3,283 11,81,2 3,176 5,750 2,182 3,030 ess 3,382 12,185 4,633 5,596- 2,191 2,947 649 3,312 12,197 5,064 5,361 2,173 2,979 650 3,209 12,280 5,234 5,065 2,046 2,793 646 3,161 12,210 5,300 4,897 2,020 2,763 661 3,087 12,073 67.6 85.1 79.9 88.9 85.7 79.4 90.2 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 416 1,196 1,992 3,924 432 1,138 2,006 3,786 324 1,154 1,980 3,049 305 1,138 1,949 2,687 280 1,141 1,903 2,704 276 1,112 1,770 2,788 284 1,122 1,739 2,772 274 1,136 1,827 2,932 63.4 91.7 •82.7 68.6 44 45 46 47 4,239 4,149 3,961 S,910 4,000 4,085 4,041 4,019 92.2 48 17,864 12,558 17,575 12,106 17,200 11,608 17,006 11,650 17,329 11,707 17,207 11,826 16,369 11, 756 16, 265 11,610 86.4 91.0 49 60 164 2,463 163 2,453 200 2,m 191 2,607 194 2,664 212 2,721 166 2,787 136 2,926 56.6 68.9 51 62 2,943 11,870 2,991 11,398 3,131 11,093 3,010 10,965 2,829 10,851 2,772 11,082 2,694 10,965 2,678 11,202 81.3 86.6 53 54 6,584 706 1,199 2,188 164,065 358 6,538 671 1,118 2,137 163,025 347 6,279 658 1,096 2,097 156,403 322 6,258 690 950 2,041 153,601 S07 B,96i 673 850 2, OH 157, 842 324 6,251 676 906 2,034 160,027 344 6,172 729 1,047 2,104 155,987 375 6,341 762 1,118 2,288 149,063 388 87.8 86.4 70.9 88.0 90.2 77.3 55 56 57 58 59 60 478 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. WAGE EARNERS EMPLOYED EACH MONTH, BY GEOGRAPHIC [The number of maximum employment is indicated by boldface Taljle 211 DIVISION AND STATE. United States : 1914 1909 Geographic divisions New England — 1914 1909 Middle Atlantic— 1914 1909 East North Central- 1914 1909 West North Central- 1914 1909 South Atlantic — 1914 1909 East South Central- 1914 1909 West South Central- 1914 1909 Mountain — 1914 1909.. Pacific— 1914 1909 Average number employed during the year. 7,036,337 6,616,046 New England : Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic; New York New Jersey Pennsylvania.. East Noeth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan "Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of ColumlDia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida 1,140,233 1,101,290 2,355,940 2, 207, 747 1,680,281 1, 513, 764 381,595 374, 337 685, 342 663,015 264, 378 261, 772 211,940 204,520 81,113 75, 435 235,515 213,166 82, 149 78, 993 32, 704 606,698 113,426 226, 284 1,057,857 373,605 924.478 510, 435 197, 503 506, 943 271,090 194.310 92,834 63,113 152,182 3,275 3,788 25,144 41,259 22, 165 111,585 8,877 102, 820 71,078 130,844 71,914 104,461 55,608 NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS EMPLOYED ON THE 15TH DAY OF EACH MONTH, OR. NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. January. 7,075,682 e,$w,oes February. 7,141,694 6, 297, 627 1,169,928 1,081,, 256 2, 376, 668 B,07S,Ui 1,6%, 039 1,411,96S 381,680 Sil, 774 688. 891 623,061 265, 657 250,192 213,921 192, 802 78,308 70,754 204,590 82, 527 82, BOS 33,288 626, 776 116,601 228,033 1,056,675 375,612 945, 481 611,055 196, 936 517,634 273,067 197,347 61,061 151, 293 3,000 3,490 24, 169 40,351 21,486 106,837 8,696 100, 795 71,642 138,663 76,728 109, 608 66,647 1,173,590 1,071,906 2, 405, 992 2, 109, 534 1,722,695 1,438,618 382, 633 352,517 694 283 637, 366 267,066 262, 224 210,806 im, SS7 IS, 606 66,67S 211,017 179,504 March. 7,248,752 6,423,517 82, 406 82,243 33, 273 628,536 116, 697 230,642 1,078.364 377, 720 949,918 624, 663 198,650 518, 292 277,824 203, 166 100,110 60,856 151,799 2,964 3,462 23, 704 39, 748 21,304 100,899 8,672 101,003 71,608 138, 731 76,898 113,257 55,861 1, 180, 259 1,085,698 2,438,053 2,145,651 1,747,289 1, 468, 161 384,991 360, 134 708,069 660,087 872, 840 255, 688 210,944 195, 401 76, G20 68,698 224. 687 194,009 81,457 81,296 34, 156 633, 683 116,685 233,083 1,094,773 381,166 962, 114 534, 537 203,312 521, 762 282, 176 205.512 96, 982 62, 144 165, 240 2,976 3,560 24, 103 21.861 108. 466 8,658 103,802 74.664 141,491 77,256 116,286 66,695 April. 7, 217, 320 6,437,633 1,170,317 1,081,244 2, 423, 659 2,156,611 1,733,258 1, 466, 448 383, 777 361,835 704,412 646,559 272.229 252,511 210, 670 194, 369 79,589 70, 359 239, 409 208. 707 79, 169 80,099 34, 194 628,344 116,349 232, 162 1,084,215 383,330 966,614 633,186 206,317 514, 605 281,040 199,210 92,417 02, 970 156.968 3,104 3,588 24,560 40, 170 21,776 110,167 8,725 106,176 76.677 140,611 73,826 109,489 57,066 May. 7,148,060 6, 457, 279 1,163,457 1,087,333 2,392,603 2, 156, 236 1,709,904 1,477,079 383, 545 366, 543 694,894 641,772 247, 286 207, 999 190,063 82,396 72, 109 247,313 218,858 83,812 79, 344 34,125 619,082 116,061 231,433 1,067,030 383,376 942, 197 6^,653 203,442 508,665 278,103 196,041 92,257 62,982 156, 566 3,207 3,716 26,147 40,681 21,908 110,968 9,003 105, 902 76,205 139,160 71.200 103,590 66,968 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES. 479 DIVISIONS FOR 1914 AND 1909 AND BY STATES FOR 1914. figures and that of minimum employmfint by italic figures.] NUMBER OF WAGE EAEHEKS EMPLOYED ON THE 15TH DAY OF EACH MONTH, OB NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Percent mini- mum June. July. August. September. October. November. December. is of maxi- mum. 7,100,368 6,517,469 7,018,867 6,486,676 7,020,683 6,656,933 7,086,815 6,898,765 7,006,331 6,997,090 6,736,698 7,006,853 e,eiO,m 6,990,652 91.7 88.6 1 2 1,146,790 1,088,312 1,119,838 1,077,016 1,107,731 1,093,568 1,121,361 1,126,766 1,122,946 1,141,693 1,109,694 1,147,951 1,096,879 1,149,871 92.9 92.6 3 4 2,368,927 2,169,998 2,325,574 2,165,844 2,319,460 2,195,710 2,357,792 2,287,845 2,347,907 2,338,583 2,270,109 2,350,336 B,SU,SS6 2,349,165 92.1 88.4 1 6 1,699,784 1,497,289 1,677,985 1,481,802 1,678,439 1,518,983 1,685,138 1,571,342 1,660,307 1,600,433 1,583,747 1,610,588 1, MS, 887 1,622,565 89.8 87.0 7 386,597 373, 610 387,379 373,496 390,614 386,710 387,276 398,065 382,463 394,772 366,188 392,382 362,097 386, 209 92.7 86.9 IC 686,545 648,032 676,649 644,252 691,443 682,609 711,705 711,296 686, 227 699,110 645,060 686,416 6S7,0Se 685,630 89.5 87.6 11 15 265,712 267,030 250,438 268,677 263,343 268,386 276,189 261,419 282,070 251,333 883,605 281,068 90.0 87.0 U 209,147 195, 392 215,558 200,416 214,843 203,733 213,191 210,876 214,659 223,165 213,013 229,379 208,529 229,260 96.5 82.6 If 86,382 75,311 88,809 77,607 84,242 77,826 82,922 79,521 85,604 83,149 79,835 82,673 77,143 80,642 82.9 80.2 1' If 251,484 222,876 261,145 225,805 266,334 234,461 259, 044 236,875 244, 899 234,215 217,719 223,623 199, BS^ 206,342 75.2 73.0 1< 2{ 80,810 78,427 33,254 611,928 114, 119 228, 252 78,888 78,018 31, 792 595,609 111,600 223,931 79,811 77,279 SI, lis 688,703 110,936 m,789 88,053 76,982 32,208 589, 194 112,035 222,889 87,519 77,402 31,615 690,992 112^300 223, 118 83,540 76,993 31,571 587, 141 110, 066 220,393 77,796 77,030 31,760 580,489 108,261 221,543 88.4 93.0 91.3 91.6 92.8 94.3 2 2 2 2 2. 2 1,053,471 379,332 936,124 1,033,963 371,217 920,404 1,037,475 367,483 914,502 1,067,384 372,481 917,927 1,072,512 372, 664 902,731 1,034,649 362,322 S7S,1S8 1,0U,89S 356,057 873,586 92.7 92.8 90.8 2 2 2 518,316, 203, 167 512,246 269,532 196,623 506,133 199,301 505,982 268,399 198,170 506,991 201,206 602, 603 274, 164 193,476 510,037 206,040 604,543 273,866 190, 652 501.396 195, 460 505, 655 270, 454 187,342 '478,412 180, 266 488, 164 254, 678 182, 227 476,841 176,939 483,276 249,777 182,055 89.2 85.9 92.6 88.5 88.6 3 3 3 3 3 92,310 63,658 156,296 3,442 3,794 25,802 41,295 92,007 63,619 166, 263 3,625 3,878 25,726 42,361 91,128 67,845 165,366 3,554 3,992 26,795 41, 834 89, 739 67,085 154,431 3,533 3,990 26, 210 42,288 90,525 63,639 152,048 3,397 4,087 26,017 42,750 89, 202 60,946 141, 558 3,333 4,007 24,852 42,290 88,995 60,661 139,366 3,175 3,893 24,653 41,354 88.9 89.4 88.8 81.6 84.7 88.5 93.0 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 22,834 110,879 8,869 104,916 73,332 137, 182 69,830 101,939 56,764 21,418 107,202 8,765 102,697 69, 880 136,775 69,334 101,703 57,775 24,134 123,844 8,885 103,418 71,044 135,011 100,898 65,924 28,364 134,437 8,965 108, 590 71, 664 134, 466 69,215 100,934 56,071 23,667 118,633 8,995 106, 016 69,773 133,804 69, 557 100,428 65,354 18,9^ 101,335 9,064 96,944 63,875 133,544 70,640 98, 749 52,087 18,187 99,S6S 9,227 93,522 62,572 132,911 71,299 97, 751 52,194 64.1 73.9 93.8 86.1 81.6 93.9 88.4 84.8 90.2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 51 480 CENSUS OF MANXTFACTUBES : 1914. WAGE EAENEES EMPLOYED EACH MONTH, BY GEOGRAPHIC [Tlie number of maximum employment is indicated by boldface - TaWe 211— Contd. DIVISION AND STATE. Average number employed during the year. NUMBER OF WAGE EAENEES EMPIOYED ON THE 15TH DAT OF HACH MONTH, OE NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY." January. Eebruary. March. AprU. May. 1 East South Central: 64,586 74,373 78,717 46, 702 41,979 77,665 17,443 74,853 13, 704 8,919 2,989 27,278 3,776 6,898 13,894 3,655 67,205 28,829 139,481 63,088 73,538 80,668 48,363 41,118 78, 445 17,365 76,993 14,260 6,915 2,663 26,816 3,621 7,079 13,035 3,919 58,748 26,164 119,688 63,832 74,236 81,479 47, 619 40,686 77,385 17,176 76,569 13,154 6,4'i B,641 U,S19 3,623 6,915 n,S8^ 3,958 62,691 26,715 121,611 65,834 76,116 83,080 47,810 41,252 78,311 17,164 74,217 13,187 7,677 2,815 24,836 S,606 7,053 12,678 3,%9 69,411 28,527 126,749 66,072 77,312 81,555 47,290 41,011 78,906 17,493 73,261 14,396 8,738 2,736 25,489 3,804 7,432 13,101 3,894 73,351 30,806 135,262 65,995 76,040 79,208 45,296 41,369 76,604- 17,807 7B,M9 15,172 9,853 2,646 25,710 3,926 7,678 13,386 4,025 74,736 31,596 140,981 ? "^ Alabama 5 West South Central: 7 Oklah,oina R <) Mountain: 10 Idaho n T> 13 14 New Mexico Utah IR 17 Pacific: Washington IR llat6printmg. Engraving, wood Envelopes Explosives AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. Total. 3,840 64,288 8,966 27,916 228 2,908 32,311 4,160 1,239 6,754 901 1,669 173,747 672 168,907 8,549 9,468 21, 107 10, 100 2,773 6,002 64,034 17, 128 28, 714 16, 769 929 3,454 20,496 379, 366 7,440 6,698 302 16,561 5,661 3,080 1,069 9,277 48, 467 2,839 118,078 2,584 2,387 1,314 29,667 106 1,636 6,859 302 6,970 6,306 In establishments where prevailing hours of labor per week were— 48 and under. 341 436 24 31 208 947 122 21 286 62 170 136 35, 114 198 11,741 1,297 683 1,682 90 53 68 5,839 2,867 14,308 673 144 25 992 1,076 1 1,115 142 468 58 1,264 567 86 4,078 307 8 103 1,982 5 326 4,694 264 271 636 Be- tween 48 and 64. 467 3 20 75 303 34 514 168 1,733 407 262 87, 907 328 123,066 2,126 935 86 768 320 20 10,490 1,999 2,500 154 152 320 7,409 1,572 1,039 2,470 636 681 183 4,394 2,769 173 30,529 582 37 239 1,076 60 385 1,727 24 1,837 1,399 54. 19,291 7,271 73 2 235 1,586 41 644 380 2,989 148 266 37, 719 132 28,780 2,491 3,077 6,637 8,180 587 20, 666 2,695 5,840 8,469 456 2,101 6,169 149, 157 4,691 4,539 7 1,972 1,784 1,324 326 2,460 16,186 46 38,838 665 939 162 8,862 12 668 327 16 3,746 1,288 Be- tween 64 and 60. 2,103 16,885 792 1,536 36 326 12,912 93 2,102 235 1,952 162 468 10,344 9 4,785 1,959 2,194 1,809 233 1,638 1,604 662 96 23,696 452 41,715 856 1,207 633 14, 789 39 261 47 8 1,116 1,272 60. 12,477 1 7,790 132 874 6,653 5 879 170 28 14 647 2,624 6 608 672 2,679 4,762 839 176 2,954 9,076 6,782 2,441 1,939 96 677 17 157,034 78 23 4,391 1,558 43 109 264 6,226 1,311 2,899 172 106 277 2,917 1,624 Be- tween 60 and 72. 8,139 6,409 24 2,101 137 26 1,770 1,290 2,266 3,723 9 1 122 1 27 2 287 26 34 640 72. 149 5 132 Over 72. 4,942 180 2,311 3,171 122 402 PREVAILING HOTJES OF LABOR. 485 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE EMPLOYED, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. TaDle 213— Continued. Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Feathers and plumes Felt goods Fertilizers FUes Firearms Fire extinguishers, chemical Fireworks Flags and banners Flavoring extracts . . ; Flax and hemp, dressed Flour-mill and gristmill prod- ucts Food preparations, not elsewhere specified Foundry and machine-shop products Foundry supplies Fuel, manufactured Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture Furs, dressed Galvaniztag Gas and electric fixtures Gas, illuminating and heating. . . Gas machines and gas and water meters Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting Gloves and mittens, leather Glucose and starch Glue, not eslewhere specified. . .'. Gold and sfiver, leaf and f o il Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore Graphite, ground and refined Grease and tallow, not including lubricating greases Grindstones Haircloth Hair work Hammocks Hand stamps Hardware Hardware, saddlery Hat and cap materials Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool Hats, fur-felt Hats, striiw Hats, wool-felt Hones and whetstones Hoiseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills Hosiery and knit goods House-furnishing goods, not else- where specified Ice, mantuactured Ink, printing Ink, writing Instruments, professional and scientific Iron and steel , blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, wash- ers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills Iron and steel, cast-iron pipe AVEEAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. Total. 7,399 4,483 4,035 22, 815 4,349 7,064 256 1,324 1,496 1,461 116 39,718 20,306 362, 471 656 141 9,030 22, 459 127, 881 1,526 1,680 10, 913 43,792 4,972 74,502 8,067 10, 668 4,509 3,129 1,135 466 260 5,108 686 595 1,193 285 1,321 41, 213 2,611 1,775 7,322 21, 318 9,483 1,249 170 688 160,620 6,936 23,011 1,391 512 7,107 29,356 248, 716 10, 668 12, 557 In establishments where prevailing hours of labor per week were— 48 and under. 1,221 783 S 281 92 12 60 366 410 24 3,414 2,362 26,699 72 48 1,137 2,866 10,699 56 73 2,248 2,914 67 12,205 1,030 47 24 156 257 1 364 10 251 3,465 124 634 3,611 691 18 4 106 3,673 664 648 61 30 563 11 19,972 2,462 171 Be- tween 48 and 64. 1,810 2,444 96 600 48 4 11 24 641 259 5 45,433 11 1 6,430 6,312 12,351 131 10 2,758 133 27, 975 2,440 2,229 279 101 67 96 303 14 410 4,471 249 4,258 12, 377 1,696 267 1 16 7,860 2,284 58 405 273 1,843 19,084 168 54. 2,513 1,252 1,239 2,656 2,386 2,001 41 429 347 440 42 2,949 110, 782 85 14 2,108 8,766 28,837 575 56 3,133 9,213 1,469 4,063 166 172 41 606 7 499 490 144 447 7,512 306 316 1,633 3,615 1,786 554 16 179 87,649 1,222 664 336 61 2,637 1,661 26,566 1,522 1,303 1,331 2,949 129, 822 Be- tween 54 and 60. 1,466 2 r;76'i 3,061 1,663 4,032 176 360 248 280 4,386 35,412 681 1,071 2,488 8,548 3,026 7,458 2,609 3,044 16 489 498 225 41 24 97 205 21, 459 1,634 867 728 1,660 4,741 219 220 34,260 2,343 2,181 497 154 1,697 13 45,996 5,665 3,026 346 50 61 129 1,444 82 338 74 1,743 650 301 29 204 3,494 679 12 20 6 4,279 198 123 69 265 770 201 110 67 16,116 371 3,741 92 4 467 4,474 77, 820 841 8.057 Be- tween 60 and 72. 11 1,312 4,601 1,866 1,377 6 16 9'692 1 790 619 200 663 61 5,286 3,029 25,714 596 18 '994' 131 42 2,492 9,119 34,089 Over 72. 127 93 526 26 3,050 i'ras 613 8,041 11, 079 476 486 CENSUS OF MAN-QFACnrRES : 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE EMPLOYED, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. Table 213— Continued. Iron and steel, doors and shutters Iron and steel forglngs, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills Iron and steel, wrought pipe Ivory, shell, and bone work, not including combs and hairpins . Japanning Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases . . . Jute goods Labels and tags Lamps and reflectors Lapidary work Lard, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establish- ments Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods, not elsewhere specified Leather, taimed, curried, and finished Lime Linen goods Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Lithographing Locomotives, not made by rail- road companies Looking-glass and picture frames Lubricating greases Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing-mill products, not including planmg mills connected with sawmills Malt Marble and stone work Matches Mats and matting, from cocoa fiber and grass Mattresses and spring beds Millinery and lace goods Mineral and soda waters Miaerals and earths, ground Mirrors, framed and imframed . . Models and patterns, not iaclud- ing paper patterns Motorcylces, bicycles, and parts. Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and mate- rials, not specified Musical instruments, organs Musical instruments, pianos Musiffiil instruments, piano and orgSi materials Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes Nets and seines Oakum Oil, cottonseed, and cake Oil, essential Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere speciried... Oilcloth and linoleum, floor. . Oilcloth, enameled Oleomargarine Optical goods Tainte AVERAGE NUMBER OF "WAGE EARNERS. In establisliments where prevailing hours of labor per week were— Total. 48 and under. Be- tween 48 and 64. 64. Be- tween 54 and 60. 60. Be- tween 60 and 72. 72. Over 72. 1,986 246 1,339 481 33 79 19 3,275 111 6 474 413 263 278 1,482 121 124 45 67 6,041 674 59 1,038 1,659 241 929 2,268 958 608 314 14 9,635 1,302 6,153 821 1,658 46 3 1,066 68 2,287 10,365 IV 142 1,616 1,606 10,160 262 628 1,285 1,153 44 21,615 25,402 353 7,956 2,106 226 2,574 18,765 3,691 309 716 821 1,722 186 411 1,129 13,043 5,779 1,178 392 5 204 64 504 4,923 866 4,469 286 83 9,837 269 1,409 249 3,091 44 2 804 366 2,040 22,206 1,760 1,846 309 2,154 424 20 10,323 1,463 177 24,638 16,606 287 4,764 718 606 3,186 5,368 1,236 699 862 1,067 4,404 230 449 698 4,320 1,480 3,206 251 4 753 1 78 390 2,273 739 54 1,281 4,692 28 434 218 3,611 71 46 466 47 341 18 261 10,689 243 2,644 8,845 795 228 28,289 2,393 34 2 7,987 19 2,600 7,134 62 684 19 14 115 83 197 19,209 7,267 15 2,398 2,817 1,379 91 2,094 8 3 511 909 220 90 776 44,209 104 12,622 189 360 78 12,850 14, 173 763 24,728 726 19 2,044 4,557 2,468 91 134 725 42 122 87 104 1,306 345 20 2 4 28 2 1 169 6 ""Hi' 437 547 101 86 2,032 3,241 237 ""'243' 2,258 68 1,910 6,594 647 96 10,923 11,349 330 8,666 30 "i,'363' 15,519 646 63 1,246 1,489 444 139 767 197 2,974 2,098 171 27 ■"'454' 26 586 7,071 4 16 1,275 65,936 12,429 3,567 2 87 '"461 6,296 62,070 2,292 15,171 677 319 56 250 46 9 38 107 17,391 4,787 1,260 76 355,648 28,213 140 8,288 222 19 2,572 1,048 7,343 3,199 226 180 66 23 117 935 1,965 914 764 386 103 1,861 132 220 825 1,269 73 730 109 1,665 4 6 62, 192 400 116 679 476 479,786 96,214 1,989 1,138 9 882 63 64,981 3,800 869 11,747 8 17 159 140 45,274 15,606 4,707 3,184 55 186 8 21 4,274 2 2 6,680 700 1,831 3,063 23,877 270 10,616 5,339 1,058 116 21,810 249 1,488 3,508 1 399 115 14, 827 33 782 175 ""58 2,049 150 439 86 "2,' 894' 1,646 400 441 326 20 3,197 3,788 4,428 1,223 917 7,919 1 861 13,349 150 PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR. 487, AVEKAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNEES CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PRBVAILINQ HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE EMPLOYED, BY; INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. Table 213— Continued. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. Total. In establishments where prevailing hours ot labor per were— 48 and under. Be- tween 48 and 64. Be- tween 54 and 60. 60. Be- tween 60 and 72. 72. Over 72. Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Paper patterns Patent medicines and com- • pounds Paving materials Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic. Pens, gold Pens, steel Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Phonographs and graphophones. Photo-engraving J not done in printing establishments Pfiotographie apparatus Photographic materials Pickles, preserves, and sauces. . . Pipes, tobacco Ptated ware Plmnbers' supplies, not else- where specified Pockettaooks Pottery Poultry, killing and dressing Printing and publishing, book and job Printing and publishing, music, . Printing and publishing, news- papers and periodicals Printing materials Pulp goods Pulp wood Pumps, not including power pumps Pumjps, steam and other power. , Refrigerators Regalia and society badges and emblems Bice, cleaning and polishing Booiing materials Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified Rules, ivory and wood Saddlery and harness Safes and vaults Salt : Sand and emery paper and cloth Sand-lime brick Sausage, not made in slaughter- ing and meat packing estab- lishments Scales and balances Screws, machine Screws, wood i Sewiag-maohine cases Sowing machines and attach- ments Shipbuilding, iron and steel Shipbuilding, wooden, includ- ing boat building Shirts Show cases Signs and advertising novelties.. Silk goods, including throwsters. Silversmithing and silverware . . . Slaughtering and meat packing . Smelting and refining, copper. . . 88,457 13,495 1,073 13,328 19,540 2,353 4,330 1,164 246 573 2,897 25,366 9,381 6,211 2,016 6,658 12,590 2,364 8,717 18,479 1,466 26, 705 1,363 113, 121 873 114,375 423 1,654 421 2,134 6,188 5,617 2,010 1,253 4,088 50,220 408 12, 969 2,972 6,089 681 667 2,244 4,560 4,467 3,643 4,446 3,699 14,308 33, 508 10,981 61,972 2,267 9,666 108, 170 7,070 98,832 17, 731 10,624 507 1,009 4,223 1,390 1,241 28 6,156 595 117 858 29 579 2,609 212 6,207 21 80,023 95 80, 130 105 121 20 147 183 270 312 28 561 3,216 464 213 340 190 967 48 1,028 2,168 61 499 11,928 2,802 4,061 116 2,568 1,169 76 4,728 336 6,681 3,236 41 4,261 876 375 35 174 39 625 1,249 848 1,409 794 641 5,670 708 1,615 1,934 2,093 276 6,846 34 19, 145 676 101 848 517 18 142 9,621 1 295 "i65 169 221 549 80 12,702 3,186 23 2,241 3,193 382 2,017 548 164 34 471 12, 621 4,984 192 351 218 3,332 217 1,199 7,800 702 12,093 60 17,067 181 277 2,952 1,166 1,068 6 921 8,019 313 4,040 522 772 30 111 546 2,965 2,130 684 1,436 2,087 6,900 5,420 27,222 1,036 2,360 56,632 2,449 13,188 864 727 10,427 18,993 2,039 13,692 598 16,113 71 323 1,565 2,063 641 2,101 396 32 13 256 66 2,960 60 414 604 4,429 480 4,297 3,639 274 2,142 7 1,293 6,139 61 753 1,270 2,063 1,984 139 7 946 26,427 83 4,618 1,844 792 117 10 267 404 1,363 1,478 839 2,022 2,467 928 596 7,363 513 1,372 43, 243 3,575 8,734 11, 170 6,073 1,008 11,522 1,010 177 1 35 2,502 15 49 ,142 13 708 1,538 3 1,582 959 649 3 ;,765 7 187 309 339 162 .,680 11 40 .,172 1,648 11 1,323 98 !,638 369 326 1,001 13 375 373 3 1,616 23 6,393 1,378 439 316 149 2,190 20 606 68 125 185 "2i3 710 347 213 "29 67 335 92 1,604 91 68,019 2,336 108 611 580 1,318 365 '"87' 34 220 488 CENSUS OF MANT7FACTTJEES : 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE EMPLOYED, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. Tatole 213— Continued. AVERAGE NTJMBEB OF WAGE EAENEKS. INDUSTRY. Total. In establishments where prevailing hours of labor per week were— 48 and under. Be- tween 48 and 54. 54. Be- tween 54 and 60. 60. Be- tween 60 and 72. 72. Over 72. Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not from tile ore . . . . 9,617 2,586 14,172 2,229 5,602 3,703 28,731 7,728 1,988 26,388 4,213 446 3,457 29,535 7,790 47, 167 7,997 3,632 11,253 3,064 4,282 9,646 88 1,031 6,238 22,584 25,980 152,892 16,866 7,887 9,911 34,817 1,054 11,091 4,792 4,426 2,734 601 1,229 4,738 5,389 2,302 2,966 670 3,514 12,390 323 1,163 1,965 3,194 4,077 17,600 12,126 166 447 42 1,027 390 226 478 2,627 981 604 3,983 196 53 3,045 2,957 2,613 1,533 3,9g2 8 3,446 225 1,573 477 3,864 1,618 560 1,689 1,086 276 171 3,046 286 8,596 176 1,514 1,267 2,049 377 6,077 3,035 382 3,810 756 72 222 11, 182 1,401 13,905 180 82 229 878 2,440 8 480 2,657 8,975 4,952 46,866 2,519 2,619 2,498 728 263 5,891 1,617 808 272 91 400 498 909 436 944 176 616 4,054 32 208 616 1,398 1,729 333 2,107 2,048 259 6;371 294 1,705 1,473 11,623 2,021 144 7,203 1,658 27 6 7,549 2,379 19,523 108 14 1,498 379 2,249 4,391 2,043 618 1,814 53 49 817 4,028 73 298 9,703 394 18 13 4,801 1,111 3,610 2,558 396 3,065 490 196 180 1,107 314 933 70 235 Soda-water apparatus Sporting and athletic goods Springs, steel, car and carriage, not made in steel works or rolling mills,, . 81 S12 StampeS and enanieled ware, Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Statuary and art goods Steam fittings and steam and hot- 223 Stoves and hot-air furnaces Structural ironwork, not made Sugar, beet ... 651 208 2,688 937 448 1,215 1,161 254 4,154 1,716 Sugar, cane '""m 11 423 831 80 1 2,190 497 1,275 44,969 2,202 386 466 13,680 21 588 538 130 340 205 76 69 127 107 50 7 481 i" 17 1 160 946 669 410 166 2 591 '"'mi' 1,804 83' 7 2,183 1,677 19,365 3,455 1,000 1,589 2,770 736 2,995 1,052 346 1,117 170 17 14 185 123 138 121 185 4,212 67 "■'366' 168 498 4,396 1,389 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed 764 Surgical appliances Suspenders, garters, and elastic Theatrical scenery Tinfoil 467 378 8,023 16, 478 30,936 7,936 3,304 3,666 780 34 1,616 1,547 1,226 717 104 123 1,853 565 798 904 322 1,875 4,124 97 829 801 678 326 4,561 5,244 Tin plate and terneplate 6 2,811 1,582 8,392 754 578 1,758 16,995 Tinware, not elsewhere specified . 95 16 1,863 and snuff Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes Tools, not elsewhere specified 515 6 Toys and games 36 713 TiirppntinR and rosin 151 Type founding Typewriters and supplies 1 38 1,825 278 31 689 2,314 2,895 838 930 44 357 Umbrellas and canes Upholstering materials, not else- where specified 91 1 9 Vault lights and ventilators Wall paper, not made in paper TnillH.. Wall plaster.. 140 578 Washing machines and oiothes wringers Waste Watch and clock materials Watch cases Watches Wheelbarrows 136 109 337 790 674 6,824 2,976 Whips Windmills Window and door screens and weather strips Window shades and fixtures Wire 2 817 2 Wirework, including wire rope and cable, not elsewhere speci- fied Wood carpet PREVAILING HOUES OF LABOE. 489 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE EMPLOYED, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. Table 213— Continued. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EAENEK3. INDUSTBT. Total. In estabUshments whore prevailing hours of labor per week were— 48 and under. Be- tween 48 and 54. 54. Be- tween 54 and 60. 60. Be- tween 60 and 72. 72. Over 72. Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin 2,782 2,830 11,615 6,418 708 1,059 2,145 158,692 357 103 47 294 227 125 si' 1,405 387 12 8 215 1,772 906 151 190 616 88,305 208 173 3,536 2,906 153 516 498 66,928 1,221 2,180 4,688 1,994 267 363 731 10, 126 5 706 98 4 207 42 17 329 Wood, turned and carved Wooden goods, not elsewhere specified Wool shoddy 7 1,062 157 ■■2,' 223' 169 393 8 Woolen and worsted goods 40 36 1 Includes: Millstones; ordnance and accessories; pulp, from fiber other than wood; and whalebone cutting. AVERAGE NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE EMPLOYED, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS FOR 1914 AND 1909 AND BY STATES FOR 1914. Table 214 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. Total. In establishments where prevailing hours of labor per week were— 48 and under. Be- tween 48 and 54. 54. Be- tween 64 and 60. 60. Be- tween 60 and 72. 72. Over 72. United States: 1914 7,036,337 6, 616, 046 833,330 623,652 946,735 481, 157 1,818,390 1,019,438 1,543,018 1,999,307 1,487,891 2,017,280 247,798 344,011 104,294 116,083 55,881 114,118 1909 Geographic divs: New England — 1914 1,140.233 1,101,290 2,355,940 2,207,747 1,680,281 1,513,764 381,695 374,337 686,342 663, 016 264,378 261,772 211,940 204,520 81,113 75,435 235,515 213, 166 89,694 51, 613 246.925 180,067 238,165 123,872 66, 810 44,763 62, 100 46,034 26,332 19, 876 26,264 16, 137 17,867 10,452 61,173 31, 838 113,217 48,576 464, 095 246,863 241,560 102,083 35,832 23,837 53,411 32, 726 13,646 7,698 7,780 4,889 5,595 3,346 10,599 12, 139 477, 074 159,383 714,601 325,179 336, 675 291,908 91,301 72,480 66,091 66,642 39,366 30,776 29,733 24,743 11,269 11,887 53,390 46, 640 378,977 674,662 641,442 766, 499 416,936 366,362 49,023 61,656 84,619 78,412 36,331 20,418 9,260 6,130 17,306 15, 651 10, 135 9,617 69,250 147,915 272,012 533,903 364,630 521, 120 114,354 146,948 350,620 319,626 113,058 123,564 98,749 105,470 19,220 21,985 85,998 97, 749 9,744 13,016 53,597 74,711 61,663 37,652 17,189 15, 138 50,658 108,368 23,062 44,437 24,988 32, 104 7,100 7,323 9,907 11, 283 1,261 3,296 47,223 40,208 19,638 34,248 3,919 4,738 12,263 12,847 8,332 7,368 9,011 9,771 1,618 2.757 1,139 860 1,016 1909 . 2,830 17,045 Middle Atlantic— 1914 1909 ... 41,317 12,225 East North Central- 1914 1909.. . . 36. 519 West North Central— 1914 3,167 1909 5,877 South Atlantic— 1914 5,690 1909 8,460 East South Central- 1914.. . 6,261 1909 7,635 West South Central- 1914 6,165 1909 6,276 Mountain- 1914 1,148 1909 2,034 Pacific- 1914 3,174 1909 3,170 490 CENSUS OP MANUFACTURES: 1914. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PREVAILING JCOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE EMPLOYED, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS FOR 1914 AND 1909 AND BY STATES FOR 1914— Contd. Table 214— Continued. DIVISION AND S'l'ATE. New England: Maine New Hampshire - Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania . . West NoETH Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina. . Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana , Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado Now Mexico.. Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington.. Oregon California average number of wage earners. Total. East North Central: i Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin 82, 149 78,993 32,704 606,698 113,425 226,264 1,057,857 373, 605 924,478 510,435 197,503 506,943 271,090 194,310 92,834 63, 113 152, 182 3,275 3,788 25,144 41,269 22, 155 111,585 8,877 102, 820 71,078 136,844 71,914 104,461 65,608 64,686 74, 373 78,717 46,702 41,979 77, 665 17,443 74, 853 13,704 8,919 V 27,278 3,776 6,i 13, 894 3,655 67,206 28,829 139,481 In establishments where prevailing hours of labor per week were— 48 and under. Be- tween 48 and 54. 5,566 4,480 6,679 49,358 5,871 18,850 136,221 28,298 81,406 69,975 29,368 79,601 31,326 27,906 14,041 10,966 28,576 765 846 4,422 7,194 1,263 14,583 4,839 7,205 12,286 2,361 1,375 8,809 9,379 10,672 4,550 6,765 3,345 3,346 6,175 4,r"~ 12,374 2,552 586 1,622 7,442 367 873 3,977 448 10,518 3,979 46,676 3,799 5,021 4,727 68,221 3,620 27,929 296,578 62,279 105, 238 78,201 23,649 99,322 31,363 9,135 4,210 19,252 116 172 2,268 1,315 2,050 20,508 691 10, 569 7,316 2,578 1,112 5,915 2,672 3,423 1,564 2,291 1,122 2,727 2,247 1, 2, 53 35 1,723 8 53 1,011 114 1,464 775 8,360 54. Be- tween 54 and 60. 13,268 5,598 6,462 340, 219 72, 681 38,856 367, 822 60,638 296,241 116,627 29,299 113,574 57,614 18,461 18, 116 12,484 47,528 560 963 6,077 6,683 8,444 18,238 977 8,495 7,603 3,948 2,365 8,538 7,683 11,800 13,393 9,804 4,: 3,436 7,387 2,277 16,633 2,631 1,328 447 2,647 247 880 2,168 1,021 7,381 6,917 39, 142 39,681 67,764 10,314 123,488 26,013 121,717 136,878 177,; 228,256 126,649 50, 232 102,074 76, 878 62, 102 13,763 7,662 20,480 472 87 1,706 i,-- 6,000 20, 142 767 20, 172 6,201 17,844 2,""' 9,096 1,502 10, 185 18,796 4,777 1,573 1,458 4,340 687 2,765 3,220 265 26 5,438 568 3,046 3,331 1,412 4,259 1,324 4,552 Be- tween 60 and 72. 16,346 5,162 5,077 21,614 4,975 16,077 106,769 32,349 133,894 89,562 65,021 88,238 64, 861 66,968 36,563 22,800 29,786 996 1,496 9,766 13,967 4,033 29,942 381 45,181 26,454 100,236 60,046 69,608 24,739 18,053 26,725 36, 131 32, 149 30,297 35,777 3,996 28,679 2,429 6,223 644 5,179 1,317 1,367 1,826 236 40,855 14, 839 30,304 72. 3,132 631 345 3,133 243 2,260 16,476 7,051 30,070 15,815 6,733 16,676 6,568 6,861 1,744 2,857 4,573 286 181 1,703 5,846 203 5,341 1,199 8,070 10, 141 7,429 2,607 7,162 8,406 5,553 3,522 12,797 1,190 1,158 16,534 1,719 5,677 369 409 192 2,723 1,196 666 1,: 420 1,784 528 7,595 292 232 182 157 21 377 5,137 3,523 9,591 1,393 4,831 1,677 2,046 934 1,330 653 65 46 130 761 131 1,679 5 1,746 772 1,937 3! 868 927 2,745 3,507 1,647 916 2,070 1,332 4,' 518 420 201 Chapter X.— POWER USED IN MANUFACTURING. Summary for the United States: 1869 to 1914. — The increasing importance of power in the manufacturing industries of the country is shown by Table 215, which gives for all industries combined the number and horsepower of the engines or motors employed by manufacturing concerns, as reported at each census from 1869 to 1914, inclusive. Primary power, as the term is used by the Bureau of the Census, comprises all power which is primary from the standpoint of the manufacturing establishments using it. It includes, therefore, not only the power of engines and water wheels owned and operated by the manufacturing establishments, but also rented power — that is, the power of electric motors run by purchased current and any other power that may be purchased or rented from outside concerns. It should not be assumed that electric motors so operated are themselves rented, as they are in most cases owned by the establishments using the power. Primary power does not include the power of elec- tric motors which are run by current generated in the same establishment, since the inclusion of such power would result in duplication. The horsepower of electric motors run by current generated in the establishment where it is used is presented separately. This figure indicates the extent to which electric motors are being used for the distribution of the power generated by steam engines or other primary motors within the establishment, but it has no direct bearing on the extent of the use of power in manufacturing industries. The total horsepower of all electric motors, including that of motors run by purchased current (classified as rented electric power), is also given. The power reported for custom sawmills and gristmills and for cotton ginneries is included in the figures for the censuses prior to 1899. The amount of power used in these establishments is comparatively small, however, and its inclusion has only a slight effect on the statistics for all industries combined, although it has an ap- preciable effect in the case of some states and of the industries directly concerned. TaDle 215 POWER IN MANDPACTUEING INDUSTRIES. 1911 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 Number of establlahments. . Number of establishments 275,791 205,590 22,547,574 109.7 268,491 185,042 18,675,376 100.9 216,180 134,481 13,487,707 100.3 207,514 133,418 10,097,893 75.7 355,405 100,726 5,938,635 69.0 ' 253,852 86,923 3,410,837 39.7 252,148 (') Primary horsepower, total. . . Average horsepower per 2,346,142 18,600,036 16,802,706 12,854,805 9,778,418 5,850,064 3,410,837 2,346,142 Steam engmes and turbines: 137,176 15,681,688 37,693 991,905 18,069 1,826,443 4,047,538 153,525 214,228,632 34,356 751,186 21,282 1,822,888 1,872,670 127,267 2 10,917,502 21,516 289,423 20,992 1,647,880 632,902 130,710 2 8,189,664 14,334 134,742 23,099 1,464,112 319,475 91,403 2 4,586,089 (') 8,930 39,005 1,255,045 88,571 56,483 2,186,458 ('J (0 55,404 1,225,379 (1) 0) Horsepower 1,215,711 Internal-combustion engines: S Horsepower Water wheels and motors; Number (') 1,130,431 Rented (1) Electric: Motors 452,102 3,917,655 129,883 199,309 1,749,031 123,639 441,589 191,313 182,562 136,913 88,571 [J] Other horsepower (') Electric 8,847,622 4,817,140 1,592,475 492,936 15,569 (}) (') Rented: 452,102 3,917,655 320,260 4,929,967 199,309 1,749,031 189,545 3,068,109 441,589 73,119 1,150,886 182,562 16,891 310,374 5') 8 (') Horsepower.. . . « Generated by establishment reporting: Motors . ... .• C) (') ' Figures not available. ' Includes 29,293 horsepower reported as "other" owned power in 1909; 92,154 horsepower m 1904; 49,985 horsepower in 1899; and 4,784 horsepower in 1889. (491) 492 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUEES : 1914. The total primary horsepower of manufacturing establishments in 1914 was 22,547,- 574, as compared with 2,346,142 in 1869. The percentages of increase for the four decades from 1869 to 1909 were 45.4, 74.1, 70, and 84.9, respectively, and for the five-year period 1909-1914, 20.7. The total increase in primary power during the 45 years amounted to 20,201,432 horsepower. Of this amount, steam power contributed 71.6 per cent, water power 3.4 per cent, the power of internal-combustion engines 4.9 per cent, rented electric power 19.4 per cent, and other rented power six-tenths of 1 per cent. In 1914, 82 per cent of the primary horsepower was owned power and 18 per cent was rented power, most of the latter being electric. The table shows a rapid increase in the percentage of rented power, beginning with 1899, when rented electric power was first reported separately. Only steam power and water power (both forms representing owned power) were reported at the censuses of 1869 and 1879, other forms being then very unimportant. Slightly more than one-half (51.8 per cent) of the total power used in manufactures in 1869 was steam power. This proportion increased at each succeeding census until 1899, when the proportion had reached 80.6 per cent; during the decade 1899- 1909, however, the proportion declined, being only 76 per cent in 1909. The amount of steam power reported for 1914 was 15,681,688, or 69.5 per cent of the total primary power, nearly thirteen times the amount in 1869. On the other hand, water power used directly in manufacturing has constituted a smaller proportion of the total primary power used in manufacturing at each suc- ceeding census, representing oiily 8.1 per cent of the total primary power in 1914, as compared with 48.2 per cent in 1869. There was an actual increase in this form of power for the 45-year period, however, amounting. to 696,012 horsepower, or 61.6 per cent/ It should be noted, further, that a large part of the electric current pur- chased by manufacturing establishments is generated oy water power. If the amount of the water power thus indirectly used by manufacturers could be ascertained and added to that directly used, the total would show a rapid increase, especially for the five-year period 1909-1914. The development of long-distance electric transmis- sion, which makes it possible to use water power at a distance from the cities and other places selected as most desirable locations for manufacturing establishments, is doubtless largely responsible for the marked increase in the use of rented electric power. Internal-combuetion engines, as the term is here used, include not only such engines using natural or manufactured gas and blast furnace gases, but also those using gaso- line, crude petroleum, kerosene, and alcohol. The first United States census of manufactures at which statistics in regard to the use of internal-combustion engines were obtained was that of 1889, when a total of 8,930 horsepower was reported for such engines. In 1914 the horsepower of this class of engines was 991,905, or more than one hundred times as great, and the rates of increase for many of the states have been even more remarkable. The proportion of the total horsepower represented by that of such engines rose from two-tenths of 1 per cent in 1889 to 1.3 per centin 1899, 2.1 per cent in 1904, 4 per cent in 1909, and 4.4 per cent in 1914. While the wide usage of the internal-combustion engine is due to its adaptability where but a small amount of power is required, or where the power is not used con- tinuously, the average capacity of these engines has increased steadily from 9.4 horse- power in 1899 to 13.5 in 1904, 21.9 in 1909, and 26.3 in 1914. Although the internal- combustion engine is used to some extent in states where natural gas is not available, tills form of power is most frequently employed in states which are large producers of natural gas. The extensive application of electric power has probably_ somewhat retarded the growth in the use of the internal-combustion engine, particularly in establishments where comparatively little power is required, but the further improve- ment of producer-gas systems, whereby the low grades of coal can be utilized for the development of power by means of these engines, will doubtless enhance their value. Again, part of the increased use of the internal-combustion engine is due to the fact that blast-furnace gas can be used in these engines. In 1904 the blast-furnace branch of the iron and steel industry reported a total of 3,757 horsepower for internal-com- bustion engines, while in 1909 the horsepower of the internal-combustion engines in the industry had increased to 125,230, and their average capacity had risen from 139 horsepower to 2,087 horsepower. Blast furnaces for 1914 reported 194,037 horsepower for these engines with an average capacity of 1,866. The growth in the use of electricity in manufacturing industries has been remark- able. Statistics of the horsepower of electric motors used in manufacturing were first obtained at the census of 1889, when a total of 15,569 horsepower was reported. Bented electric power was first reported separately in 1899, in which year 182,562 horsepower was used. In 1914 the amount of this kind of power had increased to 3,917,655 horse- power, or more than twenty times as much as in 1899. Of the total rented power POWER USED IN MANUPACTTJBING. 493 reported in 1899, electric power constituted 57.1 per cent, but the proportion had reached 96.8 per cent in 1914. All other kinds of rented power increased 5.1 per cent during the five-year period 1909-1914. Electric power is generally applied by means of relatively small motors distributed throughout the manufacturing establishment, some of which are in general use, while others are required only at infrequent intervals. As the electric power can be used or cut off at will, it proves both convenient and economical, especially for the operation of machinery which is in use only a part of the time; and the cleanliness and quietness of the electric motor as compared with other sources of power also give it manifest ad- vantages in certain industries, such as the clothing industries. These inherent advantages, taken in connection with the low cost, in many localities, of electric current generated by water power, explain the rapid increase in the use of rented electric power. The electric motor run by purchased current furnishes power for manufacturing with a minimum of trouble or attention on the part of the operator, and for this reason it is often used with profit, especially in small establishments, even when rather high rates have to be paid for the current. Where large amounts of power are used, how- ever, the cost of the current becomes of greater moment, and it often proves economi- cal for an establishment which desires to enjoy the advantages of electrically driven machinery to install its own dynamos and transform at least a part of the primary power into electric energy, to be thus distributed to the various machines as needed. As previously explained, the census of 1914 was not confined to large manufacturing establishments, but embraced all having products valued at $500 or more, provided they were not engaged in the hand trades or neighborhood industries. In some of the industries distinguished at the census of 1914 Ettle power is required and a number of the establishments reported no power at all. A great many small manufacturing establishments in other industries likewise used no power. A few establishments failed to report whether or not they_ employed power; the number of these was sq small, however, aa to have no appreciable effect on the statistics. Of the 275,791 establishments covered by the census of 1914, 205,590, or 74.5 per cent, reported the use of power, as compared with 185,042 establishments, or 68.9 3er cent of the total number in 1909. The total number of establishments shown lor 1899 include some which under the definition of ""factories" adopted for later censuses would have been omitted, and therefore the figures for that year are not strictly comparable with later censuses. Undoubtedly, however, the use of power was more general in 1914 than in 1899, the total number of establishments in all in- dustries increasing 32.9 per cent, while the number reporting power increased 54.1 per cent. The increase in the proportion of establishments using power is due chiefly to the more general use of rented electric power by small establishments, and also in some measure to the increased use of internal-combustion engines by such establishments. Horsepower in leading industries : 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. — Table 216 shows for 105 industries the amount of each of the several kinds of primary power reported in 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. The total electric power is also shown, including that of motors operated by current generated in the establishments, in addition to that of motors operated by purchased current. The first 88 of these industries were selected because they were the most important from the standpoint of employment, each reporting 10,000 or more wage earners in 1914. There were a number of industries, however, that reported a greater amount of power than some of those included in these 88 leading industries, and the statistics of power for 17 of these industries — those which in 1914 reported more than 20,000 horsepower — are also shown in the table. The total primaiy power used in i914 exceeded 800,000 horsepower in 7 industries, namely, the lumber industry, the steel works and rolling mills, the manufacture of paper and wood pulp, and of cotton goods, the blast-furnace industry, the foundries and machine shops, and the flour mills and gristmills. The primary power for these 7 industries combined amounted to 11,884,987 horsepower, or 52.7 per cent of the total for all industries. The industries listed in Table 216 differ very widely in respect to the relative im- portance of the several kinds of power. This is due partly to differences in the geo- graphic location of the industries, which affect the character of the power most easily available, and partly to differences in the character of the machinery used, which affect the adaptability of the different kinds of power. Detailed statistics of power for 1914 for each industry are given in Table 220. Comparative statistics of horsepower, by divisions and states : 1869-1914.— As to most of the items derived from the manufactures census, comparisons for states and geographic divisions can not properly be made between all the censuses from 1869 to 1914 for fc 494 CENSUS OF MANTJFACrURES : 1914. tlie reason that the earlier censuses included the hand trades and neighborhood in- dustries, which were excluded at the later censuses. With respect to horsepower, however, approximately exact comparisons can be made for each census back to 1869, for the reason that the amount of horsepower used in the hand trades and neighbor- hood industries was so small that it had little effect upon the totals for the earlier censuses. Table 217 shows, for each state and geographic division, the total horse- power used in manufacturing industries as reported at each census from 1869 to 1914, and the amount of each of the principal kinds of power. The statement which fol- lows shows the percentage which each kind of power formed of the total primary- power in each division at each census. PEK CENT OP TOTAL PKIMAET POWEE— ITNITED STATES AN! GEOGKAPHIC Census divisions: 1869-19U KIND OF POWEK. year. United New land. Mid- dle At- lantic. East North West North South At- lantic. East South West South Moun- Pa- States. Cen- tral. Cen- tral. Cen- tral. Cen- tral. tain. cific. Owned: Steam engines and 19-14 69.5 60.0 ' 70.6 7a 6 65.7 76.2 70.3 84.3 86.5 71.2 66.4 turbines.i 1909 76.2 61.1 75.3 79.8 78.4 92.2 92.5 76.6 70.2 1904 80.9 63.2 79|.2 87.1 83.4 84.7 95.1 97.1 86.1 7S.5 1899 81.1 61.3 81.3 88.6 85.1 82.9 9d. 6 97.7 80.6 81.1 1889 77.2 54.8 80.8 86.8 84.3 68.3 ^ 1 96.2 84.7 84.7 1879 64.1 43.1 66.6 80.5 67.8 50.6 72.0 92.0 48.8 70.0 1869 51.8 29.7 50.3 71.8 70.6 33.4 62.7 92.3 56.7 61.4 Water wlieels and 1914 8.1 24.2 6.8 4.0 7.6 7.8 2.0 0.5 5.1 6.7 • motors. 1909 9.8 27.9 8.5 4.8 7.8 10.0 2.8 0.4 5.4 7.9 1904 12.2 31.0 12.1 6.2 8.4 11.2 3.2 0.6 7.6 7.1 1899 14.4- 34.5 13.1 7.1 8.6 14.7 4.9 0.7 14. S 11.2 1889 21.1 43.0 17.1 11.7 14.6 31.1 11.5 3.3 14.3 13.0 1879 36.9 66.9 33.4 19.5 32.2 49.5 28.0 8.0 61.2 30.0 1869 48.2 70.3 49.7 28.2 29.4 66.6 37.3 7.7 43.3 38.6 Internal - combus- 1914 4.4 1.6 6.6 6.1 6.4 3.1 1.4 5.6 1.6 1.8 tion engines.2 1909 4.0 1.5 5.0 6.5 6.2 2.0 1.2 3.4 1.0 1.5 1904 2.1 0.8 2.9 2.9 3.3 1.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.6 1899 1.3 0.6 1.6 1.9 3.0 0.8 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.3 1889 0.2 P) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 Rented: Electric* 1914 1909 17.4 9.4 13.4 8.1 16.2 10.3 18.8 8.6 21.0 10.4 18.4 9.3 12.2 3.7 7.5 3.6 22.1 16.7 34 9 20.2 1904 3.3 2.8 3.3 3.0 4.4 2.4 1.1 1.5 5.0 12.1 189i9 1.8 1.8 2.4 1.3 2.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 3.3 5.3 Other' 1914 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 1909 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 1904 1.4 2.2 2.5 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 1899 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.1 1889 1.5 2.2 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.8 2.1 1 Figures include for 1909, 1904, 1899, and 1889 the amount reported under the head of "other" owned power. 2 Not reported tor 1879 and 1869. 3 Less tnan one-tenth oil per cent. ' Rented electric power not reported separately for 1889; no electric power of any kind reported lor 1879 or 1869. Summary by states and geographic divisions: 1914. — The detailed statistics of power for all manufacturing industries combined in each state and geographic divi- sion as reported for 1914 are given in Table 222. POWER USED IN MANUFACTUEING. 495 HORSEPOWER USED IN 105 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899. TaDle 216 Census year. PKIMAHY HOKSEPO"WEE. Elec- tric Total. Owned. Rented. INDUSTRY. Steam engines and turbines, i Water wheels and motors. In- ternal- com- bustion engines. Electric. Other. power owned and rented. All industries ... 1914 1909 1904 1899 22,547,574 18,675,376 13,487,707 10,097,893 15,681,688 14,228,632 10,917,502 8,189,564 1,826,443 1,822,888 1,647,880 1,454,112 991,905 751,186 289,423 134,742 3,917,655 1,749,031 441,589 182,562 129,883 123,639 191,313 136,913 8,847,622 4,817,140 1,592,475 492,936 Industries with over 10,000 wage earners in 1914. Agricultural implements 1914 1909 1904 1899 121,428 100, 601 89, 738 70,646 79,688 71,894 77, 175 61,467 6,691 8,390 6,300 6,758 5,113 4,433 2,360 1,055 30,764 15,684 3,828 1,100 172 200 75 266 83,117 38,905 20,713 7,643 Artificial stone products^ 1914 1909 1904 20,326 12, 185 2,776 6,137 4,362 1,862 72 80 20 8,012 5,221 345 6,053 2,427 529 52 95 20 6,472 2,897 534 Automobiles, including bodies and parts. 8 1914 1909 1904 173,684 76, 550 10, 109 60,233 39,325 7,376 411 287 80 10,075 7,000 1,459 102, 166 27,641 1,051 809 1,297 143 135,818 41,829 4,229 Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. 1914 1909 1904 1899 112, 929 96,302 63,968 55,489 64,236 60, 772 44,412 38,719 2,066 2,815 2,270 2,663 3,729 3,532 2,676 1,346 37,389 17,381 5,969 3,823 5,509 11,802 8,651 8,938 61,6.57 32,381 12,663 5,625 Boots and shoes, rubber 1914 1909 1904 1899 24,621 25,903 26,084 25 017 19,885 22,293 24, 145 23 492 1,275 1,883 1,300 1,525 1,979 2,425 1,718 364 20 3,381 1,712 39 60 15 600 6,607 3,407 1,191 188 Boxes, fancy and paper 1914 1909 1904 1899 38,179 23,323 15,117 9,286 18,734 10, 730 8,343 6,093 1,709 1,621 1, 518 608 14,918 6,927 2,138 854 839 1,620 1,400 1,367 22, 722 9,415 3,057 1,311 Brass, bronze, and copper products. 1914 1909 1904 1899 122,700 106,120 69,494 47,257 78,639 78,101 69,063 40,348 3,291 3,374 2,959 2,271 8,371 4,890 1,834 717 31,673 18,399 3,143 739 726 1,366 2,495 3,182 64,868 33, 462 8,846 1,635 Bread and other bakery prod- ucts. 1914 1909 1904 1899 107,771 68, 298 37,241 22,472 30,095 25,509 22,650 17,904 369 334 452 329 7,400 8,166 5,675 2,036 68,933 31,160 8,363 2,025 974 129 101 178 86,779 39,795 11,993 2,477 Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 470,758 451,186 360, 280 252,502 130,862 101,349 93,845 88,-062 379,626 415, 486 345,879 260,008 104,729 90,933 88, 923 85,010 490 367 813 981 21,669 14,968 8,410 1,513 7,229 3,373 1,800 825 68,638 20,263 4,413 335 102 765 95,080 31,773 7,720 2,397 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. 1,274 1,465' 1,411 1,594 17,027 5,366 1,597 316 603 212 114 317 23,061 8,276 2,378 627 1914 1909 1904 1899 14,398 12,831 6,982 4,165 8,838 7,602 4,382 2,330 394 850 517 144 826 783 721 263 3,951 2,833 ,568 117 389 763 794 1,311 5,016 3,416 679 187 Canning and preserving 1914 1909 1904 1899 120,004 81, 179 60,831 38,624 90,778 70,392 56,122 36,102 877 398 460 219 8,967 4,519 1,962 598 18,726 6,469 1,776 623 656 401 511 1,082 28,438 8,728 3,150 1,542 Carpets and rugs, other than rag. 1914 1909 1904 1899 43,963 38,553 33,945 26. 740 29,486 30, 680 29,643 23, 091 4,130 3,305 2,988 3,145 19 600 55 35 9,159 2,709 293 1,169 1,359 966 469 25,251 10,906 5,587 192 1 Figures include "other" owned power as follows: 1909, 29,293 horsepower; 1904, 92,154 horsepower; 1899, 49. 985 horsepower. ^ ^ „ 2"Marbleandstone work" for 1899 includes "artificial stone products." ,. ,_ ^. , ^ „ s "Carriages and wagons and materials" for 1899 includes "automobiles, mcludmg bodies and parts." 496 CENSUS OF MANUFACrUEES : 1914. HORSEPOWER USED IN 106 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. Table 216— Continued. Census year. PEIMAET HOE3EPOWEE. Total. Owned. Rented. Elec- tric horse- INDUSTBY. Steam engines and turbines. Water wheels and motors. In- temal- com- bustion engines. Electric. Other. power owned and rented. Industries with over 10 000 wage earners in 1914 — Contd. Carriages and wagons and ma- terials.i 1914 1909 1904 1899 112, 549 126,032 106,169 83,771 66,093 82,928 82,488 71, 262 3,132 4,667 3,917 3,842 10,557 13,120 9,739 4,218 32,654 24, 969 8,780 3,014 113 348 1,235 1,435 46,384 39.424 16,434 5,805 Cars and general shop construc- tion and repairs hy electric- 1914 1909 1904 1899 44,989 36,794 3,164 6,443 6,997 4,831 1,365 4,920 1,010 1,121 9 40 60 36,861 30,964 1,159 1,183 "■2io' 44,670 33,024 10,358 7,399 railroad companies. 600 75 Cars and general shop construc- tion and repairs by steam- railroad companies. 1914 1909 1904 1R99 433,994 293.361 167, 973 95,087 323,634 265,840 169, 746 92,438 1,792 460 203 56 5,916 3,140 1,877 703 102,662 33, 786 6,074 220 90 145 73 1,670 325,054 161, 238 62,635 4,563 Cars, steam-railroad, not in- cluding operations of railroad companies. 1914 1909 1904 1899 126,687 97,797 65,994 33, 396 99,934 89,823 65,260 32, 858 230 370 225 392 6,757 1,148 193 86 20,416 6,456 316 350 60 115,479 61,060 14,505 1,292 336,516 158,749 35,292 1914 1909 1904 490, 402 371,799 149,604 291,321 296, 138 137, 770 6,346 3,430 2,980 28,366 19, 065 3,063 164,369 64, 166 5,761 ""'46' Chemicals 8 1914 1909 1904 1899 282,385 208,667 132, 394 90,429 124,329 103, 488 71,299 69,602 3,135 11,066 6,469 1,915 5, 962 1,190 477 387 134,481 92, 067 10, 130 18,233 14,478 846 44,019 292 172,510 166,709 18,240 20,276 Clocks and watches, including cases and materials. 1914 1909 1904 1899 15,647 14,967 10,731 7,251 11,863 12,593 9,180 6,315 198 284 449 443 483 425 72 110 3,063 1,612 892 131 40 43 138 252 8,844 7,023 3,513 645 Clothing, men's, including shirts. 1914 1909 1904 1899 63,281 42,726 29,829 20,457 19,409 16,009 14,641 10,636 1,248 1,380 910 695 3,428 5,259 3,210 1,874 28,284 18,816 9,681 5,076 912 1,261 1,487 2,176 33,444 22,894 11,337 6,279 Clothing, women's 1914 1909 1904 1899 28,396 22,294 14,916 9,962 2,632 4,112 4,422 2,909 88 206 309 519 1,125 1,958 1,593 1,989 24,029 15,175 7,494 3,093 622 843 1,098 1,462 24; 767 16,085 . 8,027 3,376 Coke, not including gas-house 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 120,327 62,602 66, 669 34,767 55,823 36, 870 24,292 19,410 80,667 46,251 66,144 34,760 34, 345 26,102 19,603 14,340 2,120 1,212 150 7 1,760 1,408 616 1,910 37,640 13,764 1,187 "'Ms' 88,409 41,064 10,609 1,462 36,941 16,983 6,832 3,793 coke. 500 188 22 8 21 162 19,282 8,607 3,360 2,654 414 745 693 444 Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. 1914 1909 1904 1899 59,001 65,108 66,988 38,462 48,404 65,071 60,382 34,486 2,661 3,818 4,060 2,770 1,740 2,029 1,221 686 5,765 2,819 969 216 441 1,371 366 306 9,076 4,624 2,086 683 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products.1 1914 1909 1904 1899 75, 263 62,366 30,229 28,829 35,400 34,665 20,824 14,597 224 420 272 118 7,431 8,672 2,894 1,766 30,644 17,898 5,006 11,560 1,564 821 1,233 808 49,473 30,771 7,454 12,160 '. "Carriages and wagons and materials" lor 1899 includes "automobiles, including bodies and parts." 2 "Lime" for 1899 includes "cement" and "wall plaster." _ s "Chemicals" for 1899 include "sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids" and "wood distillation, not includ- ing turpentine and rosm." ^ includes for 1914 and 1909 some establishments manufacturing enameled stamped ware which were mcluded under "enameling and japanning" in 1904 and 1899. POWER USED IN MANUPAOTUBING. 497 HOESEPOWEE USED IN 105 LEADING INDUSTEIHS: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. Table 216— Continued. Ifidustries with over 10,000 wage earners in Wli—Contd.. Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. Corsets. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. Cutlery and tools, not else- where specified. Dyeing and flnishing textiles, exclusive of that done in tex- tile mills. Electrical machinery, appara- tus, and supplies. Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. Fertilizers. Firearms and ammunition. Flour-mill and gristmill prod- ucts. Food preparations, not else- where specified. 3 Foundry and machine-shop products.* Census year. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 PRIMAEY HOESEPOWEE. Total. 93,937 77,091 68,984 47,733 7,057 4,681 3,284 3,638 1,585,953 1,296,517 986,604 795,834 73,255 68, 294 54,397 38,283 130,172 107, 746 84,868 69, 238 227,731 158,768 105, 376 43,674 8,005 8,310 5,886 4,386 114, 281 64,711 47,989 38,680 18,828 17, 840 21,408 7,470 822,384 853,584 775,318 670,719 80,022 55,166 28,162 15,485 1,129,768 869,305 606,105 443,085 Owned. Steam engines and turbines. 65, 867 57,581 52,369 38,287 4,683 3,320 2,695 2,975 1,011,303 877,201 708,333 531,621 36,295 38, 815 34,106 22,732 111,506 92,284 70,555 58,840 142,085 99,897 77,059 34,078 3,500 5,131 3,537 2,834 60,353 49,777 44,857 37,211 10,176 11,505 18,613 6,146 403,186 473,571 474,077 407,475 39,012 35, 554 22,185 12,991 548,027 548,960 467,660 366, 271 Water wheels and motors. 14,377 15, 768 12,589 8,245 10 30 314,219 303,024 252,923 251, 850 9,838 13, 382 11,459 11,988 9,969 10,114 10,130 9,474 1,065 1,114 1,181 835 407 452 296 426 337 365 353 369 1,139 755 229,328 264,131 258,352 242,821 915 1,160 1,158 19,585 18, 702 18,633 22,209 In- ternal- com- bustion engines. 2,844 1,270 98 905 56 60 54 4,016 2,812 1,786 321 8,194 6,731 4,062 1,647 690 1,207 711 8,694 6,753 2,940 1,695 479 627 133 5,786 1,825 246 410 3,139 2,927 76,451 62,681 26,326 16,217 5,352 4,331 1,283 708 108,673 96,966 49,006 21,519 Eeuted. Electric. Other, 10,649 2,353 737 10 2,273 1,061 262 191 262,864 108,512 14,095 2,081 17,586 8,325 3,653 681 7,162 2,665 1,087 50 74,476 60,045 21,313 4,074 3,075 1,783 792 278 47,450 12, 679 2,358 220 4,961 2,278 632 171 112,441 49,901 15,584 4,206 34,347 13,460 3,123 584 444,328 192,977 56,369 16,029 200 119 191 286 95 144 257 388 3,551 4,968 9,467 9,961 1,342 1,041 1,127 1,335 845 1,476 2,385 1,411 959 2,883 2,992 437 465 634 715 365 165 175 100 141 144 978 3,300 979 - C^) 396 671 413 519 9,155 11,700 15,507 17,057 ' Includes "other" owned and rented power. 2 Ttlclnfip.H in intpmal.nnTnbnst.inTi pnonnp."!. 2 Included in internal-combustion engmes. ' Includes for 1914 and 1909 some establishments compounding table sirups which were mcluded under "sugar and molasses" in 1904 and 1899. ... , . < "Foundry and machine-shop products" for 1899 include "stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil Btoves," and "locomotives, not made by railroad companies." 67031°— 17- -32 498 CENSUS OP MAKUFACTUEES : 1914. HOESEPOWEE USED IN 105 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. Table 216— Continued. Census year, PEIMABT HOESEPOWEB. Total. Owned. Steam' eogines and turljines. Water wlieels and motors. In- ternal- com- bustion engines. Rented. Electric. Other. iTidustries with over 10,000 wage earners in 1914— Canti. Furnishing goods, men's i Furniture and refrigerators Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Gas, illuminating and heating. Glass. Gloves and mittens, leather.. Hats, fur-felt. Hosiery and knit goods. Ice, manufactured . Iron and steel, blast furnaces.. Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Iron and steel forgings, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Jewelry.. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 17,300 12,116 5,421 3,552 251,997 221,451 169, 774 119,608 18, 668 15,862 8,444 6,991 246, 715 128,360 73, 101 31, 797 163, 139 123, 132 91,476 52,943 3,357 2,889 2,726 2,165 20,861 19, 245 16, 630 11,843 126, 842 103, 709 78, 769 67, 346 461, 988 317, 789 191,660 100,421 1,222,273 1, 173, 422 773, 278 497,272 2, 706, 653 2, 100, 978 1, 649, 299 1, 100, 801 28,897 22,113 13,826 9,165 38, 215 27, 803 16, 069 7,697 15, 666 11, 204 7,872 6,666 8,946 7,601 3,514 2,375 185,676 185,037 149, 630 106,606 7,088 6,930 5,126 4,917 212, 223 115,514 67,652 31, 442 105, 061 98, 971 76,915 50, 496 1,767 1,625 1,676 1,313 17, 936 16, 678 15, 871 11, 670 80,884 74, 760 57, 460 39,697 414,685 304,685 186,549 98, 722 1,005,374 1,033,033 768, 702 496,568 2, 435, 319 1, 956, 846 1, 618, 480 1,090,057 12,004 14,838 11,582 7,627 16,883 20,011 13,918 6,419 2,271 2,748 2,448 2,097 811 480 28 206 5,160 6,848 6,890 6,637 197 244 77 165 425 2,814 359 201 5 31 27 192 250 250 211 135 20 68 26 14, 643 12,038 13,532 14,824 2,727 2,262 1,075 807 1,261 309 680 582 12, 321 5,829 4,796 8,067 1,190 964 461 935 780 520 904 975 145 200 92 228 569 740 697 68 7,317 5,830 4,133 1,426 1,722 1,544 1,012 179 13, 729 7,128 3,211 260 43, 448 20,731 13,947 2,364 82 141 283 275 48 147 43 1,108 1,235 668 206 12, 535 3,264 618 193 194,037 126,230 3,757 122 73,752 79, 391 11,806 1,543 2,040 2,066 821 275 1,832 2,608 672 113 1,013 694 354 175 6,374 2,988 977 539 48, 597 20,420 4,686 1,606 9,206 5,896 1,364 588 19, 271 2,723 1,454 62 14, 224 3,426 583 44 1,277 860 436 235 2,655 2,172 369 79 26,284 13,286 4,648 1,304 28,991 5,414 1,068 21,601 14,850 139 182, 204 68, 797 6,798 877 13,651 4,179 717 145 17, 048 4,570 313 111 10, 433 5,179 2,799 1,651 600 407 305 364 5,247 3,316 4,635 4,333 465 1,248 866 1,142 67 171 425 206 49 23 80 131 274 131 2,923 2,390 2,461 1,315 3,050 2,164 2,350 310 2,967 115 7,420 257 12 76 244 183 1,672 94 262 79 1,804 2,383 2,179 2,606 I lucludes for 1914 and 1909 some establishments manufacturing suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods which were classified under "rubber goods, not elsewhere specified," or inder^ goods" in 1904 and 1899. 'millinery and lace POWER USED IN MANUFACTURING. 499 HORSEPOWER USED IN 105 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. Table 216— Continued. Census year. PRIMARY HORSEPOWER. Total. Owned. Rented. Elec- tric horse- nrousTRY, Steam engfines and turbines. Water wheels and motors. In- ternal- com- bustion engines. Electric. Other. power owned and rented. Industries with over 10,000 wage earners in 19H—Contd. 1914 1909 1904 1899 21, 478 28, 148 16,267 10,947 9,635 10,028 9,286 7,158 673 1,373 1,409 679 1,142 1,381 1,017 747 9,897 14,946 3,641 1,553 131 420 904 810 13,239 16,663 4,578 1,685 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. 1914 1909 1904 1899 172, 712 148, 140 117, 460 88,860 140,299 131, 451 107,650 84,232 1,868 1,556 1,965 2,231 7,997 7,231 5,086 866 21,570 6,487 2,014 863 978 1,415 845 668 73, 424 35,919 14, 539 3,920 Lime ' 1914 1909 1904 1899 39, 134 27, 671 18, 198 93,540 26,388 24,271 16, 742 89, 647 316 441 243 2,339 2,122 1,418 698 549 11,253 1,497 475 867 55 44 40 138 12,851 2,560 1,231 5,372 Liquors, malt 1914 1909 1904 1899 405,884 347, 726 266, 159 197, 901 371,291 331,770 261, 280 196,589 685 340 678 319 3,752 1,261 647 394 29,321 14, 190 3,369 540 835 165 185 59 111,958 66,619 22,508 7,172 Locomotives, not made by rail- road companies.2 1914 1909 1904 50,373 35, 102 29,806 35, 762 28,831 26,557 450 200 1,230 8,380 4,520 545 5,781 1,551 1,474 76,846 40,504 13,267 Lumber and timber products. . 1914 1909 1904 1899 2,796,902 2,840,082 1,886,624 1,668,594 2,498,746 2,588,323 1,722,829 1,480,098 94, 103 140,603 119, 461 169,644 45,694 38, 628 16,897 ' 16,820 149, 152 62,200 14, 181 2,032 9,207 10,428 13,266 (') 306,540 130,707 33,517 11,315 Marble and stone work > 1914 1909 1904 1899 207,461 187,686 102, 887 83,119 110, 156 132,477 82,700 71,642 16, 433 9,618 6,281 6,247 12,529 10,874 6,390 1,687 66,997 32,062 6,838 2,139 1,346 2,665 1,678 1,404 94,976 53, 748 11,278 3,814 Mattresses and spring beds 1914 1909 1904 1899 21,674 17, 689 13,220 7,980 5,209 6,206 7,893 5,656 170 378 318 198 1,769 2,639 1,510 748 14,363 8,315 2,922 927 163 151 577 451 15, 412 10,192 3,360 971 Millinery and lace goods • 1914 1909 1904 1899 12,736 7,918 4,737 1,852 4,832 2,869 2,192 752 715 117 46 18 378 661 270 126 6,663 4,048 1,663 741 248 323 666 216 7,883 4,560 2,110 743 Mineral and soda waters 1914 1909 1904 1899 25,164' 19,392 12,214 8,037 7,935 8,678 7,426 6,385 319 375 414 113 5,466 4,680 2,370 933 11,001 6,604 1,760 465 443 255 244 141 11,883 6,218 1,908 541 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. 1914 1909 1904 1899 44,349 41,623 30, 134 20,789 32,792 33,325 25,706 18,261 643 1,106 867 872 1,692 1,271 741 311 9,046 5,355 1,932 493 276 566 888 852 21,492 13,226 6,085 1,457 Oil, cottonseed, and cake 1914 1909 1904 1899 249,781 192,342 160,246 73,071 218,872 183,629 148,914 71,644 1,035 175 559 785 6,748 1,674 116 117 23,126 6,394 658 360 "'476' "'ies' 30,893 10,855 3,079 1,297 1914 W09 1904 1899 70,611 56,162 41,288 30,443 43,881 42,191 34,952 27,215 1,426 2,006 997 960 3,226 3,290 1,673 501 19,035 7,814 2,660 856 3,043 861 1,016 921 34,917 17,037 7,540 1,788 '"Lime" lor 1899 includes "cement" and "wall plaster." ,'" Foundry and machine-shop products" for 1899 includes "stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves," and "locomotives, not made by railroad companies." ' Includes "other" owned and rented power. ' Included in internal-combustion engines. ' "Marble and stone work" for 1899 includes " artificial stone products." ' Includes for 1904 and 1899 some establishments manufacturing suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods, which were classified under "lumishing goods, men's," ia 1914 and 1909. 500 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. HORSEPOWER USED IN 105 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. Table ai6— Continued. PRIMARY HORSEPOWER. Elec- Owned. Rented. tric Census year. Total. horse- INDUSTRT. Steam engines and turbines. Water wheels and motors. In- temal- com- bustion Electric. Other. power owned and rented. engines. Industries with over 10,000 wage earners in 1914— Coatd. Paper and wood pulp 1914 1, 621, 154 597 840 876, 741 9,674 6,676 127,699 38, 610 9,200 1,470 326,211 130, 120 1909 1,304,265 469,364 788' 146 1904 1,093,708 370,852 717,989 1,916 2,748 203 31,604 1899 762, 118 256,034 504,762 1,062 86 175 2,814 Paper goods, not elsewhere 1914 35,307 23,267 1,354 649 9,601 536 20,415 specified. 1909 27, 067 19,246 1,340 576 5,245 660 12,680 1904 16,226 13,541 286 225 1,693 582 3,990 1899 10,421 8,651 277 303 427 763 887 Patent medicines and com- 1914 28,872 15,908 179 2,000 10,422 363 17,924 pounds and druggists' prep- 1909 25,659 16,069 264 1,712 6,882 742 11,175 arations. 1904 17,008 12,466 173 983 2,468 919 4,894 1899 12, 707 10,200 231 419 1,001 856 1,881 Paving materials 1914 138,026 5,757 87,852 100 3,306 193 46,604 262 164 52,819 1,630 1,000 1909 6,312 1904 5,156 5,002 14 140 1899 34,397 33,608 96" 230 464 "ios" 597 Petroleum, refining 1914 128,468 90, 268 94,052 84,086 1,487 18,298 6,870 14,353 28 278 286 38,614 8 808 1909 1904 46, 019 43, 810 2,059 160 3,468 925 1899 36, 127 35,418 709 Printing and publishing 1914 335,210 57,583 1,388 27,436 246,697 2,107 283,206 1909 297, 763 69,334 2,320 32,152 197,692 6,266 229,312 1904 166,380 54,957 3,332 24,964 76,479 7,648 93,219 1899 119,775 56,129 2,821 15,115 33, 682 12,128 41,413 Rubber goods, not elsewhere 1914 151,927 121,144 3,273 1,605 26,664 241 93,998 specified.! 1909 79,062 72,010 2,465 398 3,499 700 18,848 1904 48,381 44,726 1,984 307 1,096 268 8,696 1899 40, 835 36,847 3,120 48 197 623 891 Sewing machines, cases, and 1914 24,229 21,066 291 219 2,434 219 19, 378 attachments. 1909 19,426 18, 131 291 62 897 46 14,063 1904 17,162 16,301 452 66 274 69 4,694 1899 10,069 8,966 740 211 34 118 323 Shipbuilding, including boat 1914 115,333 79, 599 94 5,336 30,086 219 66,275 building. 1909 88,063 75,180 86 3,603 9,264 30 35,334 1904 78, 127 73,657 87 1,785 2,367 231 17, 630 1899 61, 797 68,174 1,700 646 975 303 7,177 Silk goods, including throw- 1914 116,924 78,302 7,606 1,762 23,748 5,607 47,401 sters. 1909 97,947 72,069 8,383 1,277 10,354 5,874 23,768 1904 71, 760 56,717 6,974 937 2,393 4,739 9,521 1899 57,397 45,967 6,666 323 609 3,832 4,607 Silverware and plated ware 1914 18,738 11,662 815 726 5,190 345 10,968 1909 16, 183 10,356 696 782 2,937 414 7,319 1904 12, 873 8,679 802 198 1,630 1,664 3,637 1899 8,486 6,163 666 381 403 874 965 Slaughtering and meat pack- 1914 260,996 213,012 15 2,833 44,069 1,077 122,956 ing. 1909 208, 707 190, 666 46 2,208 15,047 740 78,677 1904 119,311 114, 640 311 740 3,441 179 40,538 1899 87,060 85,244 13 560 1,127 116 11,304 Smelting and refining, copper. . 1914 194,980 147, 536 10,000 825 36,620 88,213 1909 158, 126 114, 881 12,725 1,107 29,413 56,229 1904 76,524 62,735 9,400 1,274 3,115 12,419 1899 61, 630 51,826 9,467 337 4,612 Soap 2 1914 35,737 28,360 29 805 166 266 120 245 4,014 1,974 1,632 1,348 16,960 12,839 1909 24' 538 1904 20,228 18, 750 53 88 517 820 4,410 1899 17,514 16,941 187 15 120 251 ! 1,064 ' Includes for 1904 and 1899 some establishments manufacturing suspenders, garters, and goods, which were classified under "furnishing goods, men's," in 1914 and 1909 2 Includes for 1899 "candles." elastic woven POWER USED IN MANUFACTURING. 501 HORSEPOWER USED IN 105 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. Table 216— Continued. Census year. PEIMAET HOESEPOWER Total. Owned. Rented. Elec- tric horse- steam engines and turbines. Water wheels and motors. In- temal- com- bustion engines. Electric. Other. power owned and rented. Industries with over 10 000 wage earners in 19U—CouiA. Stoves and furnaces , including gas and oil stoves, i 1914 1909 1904 49,150 45,524 32,017 27,007 32,993 26,013 124 259 555 3,418 3,060 2,241 18,606 8,966 2,831 96 246 377 30,843 18, 159 6,794 1914 1909 49,666 38.414 45,407 37,453 69 15 4,190 946 24,016 14, 736 1914 1909 1904 1899 38,737 28,514 24,604 22,296 26,863 21,936 21,413 20,665 257 245 257 438 680 795 593 338 11,766 5,367 1,941 411 181 171 400 444 21,555 11,203 6,516 2,989 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 2,478 4,129 1,175 866 10,887 6,845 4,455 2,272 1,669 3,877 1,172 866 8,781 5,525 3,396 1,696 20 14 3 789 231 2 7 Typewriters and supplies 110 70 195 355 178 173 83 54 1,803 990 554 64 16 87 227 103 7,347 4,743 1,646 570 Wire 1914 1909 1904 1899 83,940 71,959 25,856 9,979 63,016 63,516 23,696 8,696 993 2,161 1,054 1,200 393 930 714 653 3,429 3,256 759 39 16,463 3,031 347 40 5 45 39,458 18,824 1,710 135 Wireworlc, including wire rope and cable, not elsewhere specified. 1914 1909 1904 1899 21,547 20,131 18,280 12,772 9,076 10,553 12,786 10,240 1,646 2,492 2,164 862 10,391 6,642 2,000 451 142 614 626 666 14,305 8,891 5,119 973 Wood, turned and carved 1914 1909 1904 1899 43,334 48,447 47,595 31,133 33,441 37,231 38,379 22,398 4,161 5,311 5,250 4,809 1,787 1,829 1,047 754 3,162 2,283 692 327 793 1,793 2,227 2,846 4,330 2,966 993 376 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool nats. 1914 1909 1904 1899 398,367 362,209 288,969 244,825 288, 720 261,364 200,036 163,170 76,259 79,250 76,366 76,911 2,654 2,077 1,706 411 26,047 13,783 3,930 4,798 6,687 5,735 6,933 535 144,244 79,223 22,222 7,303 Otlier industries with over mfiOO horsepower in 1914. Belting and hose, woven and rubber. 1914 1909 1904 1899 25,751 20,547 13, 491 5,612 18,672 14,160 11,696 4,779 523 770 960 625 244 2,008 33 6,221 3,537 657 23 91 72 155 185 15,710 6,460 904 23 Cash registers and calculating machines. 1914 1909 1904 1899 20,319 6,944 4,139 1,340 8,339 5,329 3,701 .1,250 200 47 56 36 ■■"218' 200 19 11,780 1,125 138 21 '■■225" 45 15 12,145 5,268 2,478 821 Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. 8 1914 1909 1904 1899 - 26,634 22,334 16,703 16,270 7,468 8,825 9,327 11,497 100 169 188 127 1,085 992 700 778 17,903 12, 205 6,037 2,916 78 153 461 952 22,278 22,413 8,160 5,331 1914 1909 1904 1899 23,290 22,213 17,671 11,409 22,032 21,685 17,424 10,508 56 320 196 325 455 15 4 300' 745 191 20 20 2 2 27 256 2,750 1,664 669 179 ' "Foundry and machine-shop products " for 1899 include " stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves" and "locomotives, not made by railroad companies." ' Figures not available for 1904 and 1899. ' Includes for 1899 "peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling." 502 CENSUS OP MANUPACTUEES : 1914. HORSEPOWEE USED IN 105 LEADING INDUSTRIES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued.-- Table 216— Continued. DTOUSTET. Other iTidustries with over W,000 horsepower in 1914 — Contd, Explosives Glucose and starch. Liquors, distilled. Malt.. Minerals and earths, ground . . , Oilcloth and linoleum, floor.. Census year. Salt. Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc . Sugar, beet . Sugar, cane ' . Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. 2 Wall plaster » All other industries. 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 PKIMAKY HOESEPOWEE. Total. 45,778 28,601 29, 665 19, 195 41,639 28, 257 35,986 26,642 61,971 46, 120 42,349 31,427 33,394 26,441 20, 288 13,834 44,069 20,920 17,325 18,404 22,272 16, 125 10,112 7,561 29,007 27, 263 19, 434 23,865 29,734 26,954 26,667 16,342 36,705 21, 457 18, 404 11,145 76,705 57,202 35,490 14,460 113,246 122, 189 24,927 6,494 5,416 36,626 25,892 20,054 831,020 636,199 632,353 665,773 Owned. Steam and turbines. 36, 304 25, 658 22,061 13,339 38,003 27,835 33,406 24,655 49, 567 44,773 41,313 30, 820 24,318 20,417 17,633 12,670 26, 811 13,029 12,061 10,208 16,486 15,046 9,937 7,561 24,900 26,118 18,556 23,626 20,387 23,090 22,440 14, 400 33, 564 19,952 18,366 11,095 70,607 64,369 35,016 14,442 112, 776 121,439 17,096 5,083 4,840 18,730 19,095 16, 161 494, 203 447, 419 528,267 657, 686 Water wheels and motors. In- ternal- com- bustion engines. Rented. Electric. 1,518 2,689 7,177 5,674 891. 186' 2,180 1,895 134 262 410 377 375 197 631 675 7,277 6,283 4,414 7,760 78 108 33 1 373 300 192 195 200 706 845 1,580 221 427 72 102 49 81 10 442 321 632 81 65 240 324 1,476 209 179 85 480 2 47 779 782 439 182 146 36 100 169 1,751 1,313 48 50 543 40 18 438 380 1,525 371 161 2,201 1,260 1,084 26,352 53,026 32,681 35,883 29,586 20,026 33,371 12,672 Other. 133 110 2,456 163 169 63 1,527 708 41 100 7,736 5,267 1,515 376 9,603 1,375 290 20 6,306 1,002 93 3,260 1,241 196 25 9,202 3,829 3,126 1,410 5,076 2,090 6 32 370 2,381 878 415 14,962 4,517 1,059 247,833 107, 197 35, 903 29, 701 186 25 150 19 301 66 53 49 900 320 185 115 2 24 381 341 14 210 25 ,925 162 27 176 170 9,606 13,019 18,571 32,444 1 Figures not available for 1904 and 1899. !" Chemicals " for 1899 include "sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids " and cludmg turpcntme and rosin. " ' " Lime " for 1899 includes " cement " and "wall plaster." ' wood distillation, not in- POWER USED IN MANUFACTURING. 503 HORSEPOWER USED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1869-1014. Table 217 DIVISION AND STATE. United States.. Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic. East North Central. West Nortli Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. West South Central . . Mountain.. Census year. 1914 1909 1904 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1879 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1914 1909 1904 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 PKIMAET HOESEPOTVEK. Total. 22,547,574 18,675,376 13,487,707 10,097,893 5,938,635 3,410,837 2,346,142 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 3,125,629 2,715,121 2, 125, 815 1,792,342 1,156,877 743, 106 514,730 6,699,576 5,531,502 4,255,264 3,139,128 1,939,042 1,066,409 766,420 5,464,936 4,382,070 3,120,369 2,401,808 1,327,784 808,033 630, 810 1,241,940 1,101,990 753,700 606,098 410,231 220,647 126,532 2,274,785 1,832,001 1,221,040 851,050 468,009 294,186 209, 814 1,157,367 1,036,560 763,928 513,426 304, 291 152,907 108,772 1,010,050 873,350 655,717 397, 471 136,992 57, 613 46,756 463,478 400,766 241, 825 123,012 47,391 17,031 16,838 Steam engines and turbines, i 15,681,6881,826,443 14,228,632 10, 917, 502 8,189,664 4,586,089 2,185,458 1,215,711 Owned. Water wheels and motors. Internal- combus- tion engines. 1, 822, 888 1, 647, 880 1,454,112 1,255,045 1,225,379 1,130,431 1,874,128 1,668,966 1,342,503 1,098,886 634,316 320,201 162,704 4,730,956 4,163,398 3,369,872 2,652,354 1,667,822 709,719 380,360 3,866,601 3,496,184 2,716,307 2,127,110 1,153,118 660,386 380,984 815,759 839,927 628,287 515,208 346,697 149,524 89,274 1,599,018 1,436,744 1,034,644 705,517 319, 801 148,618 70,085 976,428 956,201 716,924 480, 662 268, 106 110,086 68,154 873,649 808,153 539,607 388,179 131,772 62,991 42,239 330,041 307,010 208,326 99,163 40,126 8,319 9,646 ■ Figures include "other" owned power as follows: 1909, 29,293 horsepower; 1904, 92,164 horsepower; 1899, 49,985 horsepower; 1889, 4,784 horsepower. 991,905 751, 186 289,423 134,742 8,930 3,917,655 1,749,031 441,589 182,662 757,582 767,332 659,071 619, 209 497,031 422,906 362,026 454, 158 470,488 614,961 410, 173 331,964 366,690 376,070 217,164 208,441 194,871 171,077 166,245 157,647 149,826 94,957 86,330 63,659 61,999 60,006 71,123 37,268 176,864 183,168 137,018 124,830 145,397 146,568 139,729 23,627 29,316 24,193 25,107 34,860 42,822 40,618 4,549 3,108 3,236 2,760 4,552 4,622 3,617 49,229 41,801 18,068 9,978 645 372,617 274,274 121,567 46,761 3,044 332,269 283,460 90,481 45,244 2,678 23,511 21, 543 18,319 18,161 6,779 8,712 7,292 66,970 57,434 25, 166 17,905 832 72,429 36,441 16,677 6,834 778 16,180 12,270 3,714 2,209 299 55,275 29,291 4,308 1,966 377 6,871 4 188 2,296 1,237 111 Rented. Electric. 419,197 218,642 68,746 31,613 1,083,618 668,723 141,588 74,256 1,029,544 376,876 95,188 30,693 260,413 115,002 32,976 14,619 417,927 171,146 28,914 6,196 141,419 38,680 8,060 75,647 31,807 8,273 3,992 102,293 66,9.56 12,105 4,031 Other. 129,883 123,639 191,313 136,913 88,571 25,493 38,380 47,428 32,657 58,228 54,619 107,286 56,694 36,212 29,467 18,119 23,522 27,684 16,843 3,841 3,297 3,622 6,467 3,697 8,547 4,612 3,887 8,673 2,033 713 1,194 1,037 1,724 1,036 1,030 991 393 584 291 Electric horse- power owned and rented. 8,847,622 4, 817, 140 1,692,475 492,936 15,669 1,107,677 663, 143 187, 194 65,951 3,094 762 1,069 779 430 376 2,924,489 1,737,236 638,209 201,201 6,096 2,526,265 1,297,447 432, 162 124,520 3,839 513,406 266,534 80,029 31,476 1,256 716,639 343,393 100,465 24,267 708 247, 816 108,409 28,767 9,619 260 163,239 78, 893 20,162 5,778 651 190,625 113,984 35,419 8,545 172 504 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. HORSEPOWER USED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1869-1914— Continued. Talble 217— Continued. Census year. PKIMART HOESEPOWEE. Electric horse- power owned and rented. Total. Owned. Rented. Steam engines and turbines. Water wheels and motors. Internal- combus- tion engines. Electric. Other. Geoue.vphic divisions— Continued. Pacific 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1,109,814 802,016 460,049 274,569 148,018 60,905 36,470 626,209 563,049 361, 232 222, 606 125,331 35, 615 22,375 74,031 63,173 32,562 30,796 19,222 .16,290 14,095 20,066 12,037 7,156 3,628 366 387,697 162,299 65,740 14,429 1,812 1,458 3,359 3,100 3,099 457,568 208,101 70,088 21,689 493 New England: Maine 487,211 459,599 343,627 269,232 160,317 100,476 79,573 344, 093 293,991 218,344 200,975 116,788 87,750 77,078 173,937 159,445 140,616 126,124 98, 520 63,314 61,322 1,396,722 1,175,071 938, 007 796,061 515, 570 300, 759 184,356 269,864 226, 740 181,017 153,619 112,654 63,676 42,027 453,812 400,275 304,204 266,331 163,028 118,232 80,374 2,366,655 1,997,662 1,516,592 1,099,931 774,373 454,143 334,363 793,063 612,293 436,274 322, 503 180,042 99,868 58,139 176,792 168,774 127,288 89,477 42,835 20,759 9,465 161,001 139, 158 102, 930 90,267 46,988 18,696 8,787 62,860 64,667 57,025 44,465 23,625 11,088 6,426 970,506 835,696 694,455 678,086 341,042 171,397 78,502 199,170 175, 332 141,082 118,330 83, 628 41,336 23,546 303,799 275,439 219,723 178,270 96,298 67,027 25,979 1,166,731 1,084,460 856, 275 665,760 514, 701 234,795 126, 107 642, 608 529,848 390, 096 288,956 158,802 72,792 32,307 268,314 268,392 203,094 158,788 104,602 79,717 70, 108 128,692 128,011 100,274 105, 711 68,842 69,165 68,291 80,400 79,062 76,237 77,421 74,041 62,226 44,897 189,825 186,516 183,427 181,907 158,932 138,362 106,864 33,649 31,417 29,231 28, 171 27, 197 22, 240 18,481 66,802 73,934 66,808 67,211 63,417 61,205 54,395 392,932 395,618 446,134 336,411 231,959 219,348 208,266 16,901 19, 676 18, 197 20,161 17,543 27,066 25,832 4,582 3,933 3,063 2,178 10 46,344 27,203 8,061 7,572 1,179 1,297 2,121 1,217 2,870 107,700 54,268 26,587 9,659 New Hampsliira, 1,841 1,238 1,396 571 3 49,171 21,209 6,013 2,004 3,488 4,375 8,732 2,422 956 102,612 45,361 15,301 3,471 42 2,301 2,160 1,483 1,120 10 27,477 12,917 4,550 1,444 899 639 1,321 1,684 844 47,161 21,233 7,238 2,173 34 Massachusetts 20,242 18,326 7,487 4,074 289 200,339 109,996 27,073 13,409 16,810 24,637 26,566 18,585 16,307 582,971 402,492 91,012 32,828 2,327 Rhode Island 2,493 3,300 1,247 427 18 31,572 13,697 5,816 2,969 2,970 2,994 3,642 3,722 1,911 91,224 42, 130 15,477 4,895 295 Connecticut 17,770 12,844 3,393 1,608 215 64,294 33,620 8,233 4,216 1,147 4,438 6,047 5,027 3,098 176,009 97,671 34, 679 12,925 205 Middle Atlantic: New York 118,330 99,899 44, 288 16,221 1,990 644, 824 389,945 95,284 47, 768 34,838 27,740 76,611 34,771 25,723 1,043,132 689,976 222,111 77,598 2,447 New Jersey 30,592 20,867 9,070 3,284 136 94,606 33,157 10,603 4,126 9,357 8,746 8,309 5,976 3,662 352,206 182,475 69,301 15,857 POWER USED IN MANUPACTUKING. 505 HORSEPOWER USED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1869-1914— Continued. Table 217— Continued. Census year. PEIMAEV noESEPOWEE DIVISION AND STATE, Total. Owned. Rented. Electric horse- power Steam engines and turbines. Water wheels and motors. Internal- combus- tion engines. Electric. Otber. owned and rented. Middle Atlantic— Con. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 ■ 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 3,649,858 2,921,547 2,302,398 1,716,694 984,627 512,408 363,918 2,002,780 1,583,156 1,116,932 783,665 417,078 261, 143 174, 323 709,703 633,377 380,768 325, 919 190,575 131, 770 100,369 1,305,930 1,013,071 741, 656 569,347 285,727 144,288 86,044 764, 183 598,288 440,890 368,497 256,031 164,747 105,861 682,339 654, 179 440,234 364,380 178,373 106, 086 64,223 358,737 297,670 220, 934 180, 124 112,537 53, 880 20,139 191,094 155,384 118,065 106, 664 77,615 54,221 39,547 391, 385 340,467 247,861 189,117 144,567 80,749 55,062 2,922,616 2,649,090 2,124,602 1,597,638 894,319 402, 132 221,936 1,641,212 1,363,720 1,034,780 734,973 382, 673 222,502 129, 677 430,504 449, 127 338,853 297,216 172,640 109,960 76,851 947,949 839,632 660,687 511, 879 262,274 126,843 73,091 516,771 465,636 376,198 319,980 214,826 130,362 70,966 420,066 378, 169 306, 789 263,062 120,806 60, 729 30,609 206, 144 199,802 168, 116 146,826 83,630 26,191 7,085 126,386 122,029 101,418 91, 670 64,737 33,858 26,298 283,490 280,494 223,879 173,802 137, 758 72,587 48,418 45, 325 55, 194 60, 620 54,601 82,462 110,276 141,982 14,443 16, 107 18, 149 17, 848 27,342 38,641 44, 746 9,906 7,893 9,686 11,964 16, 181 21,810 23,518 12,310 12,691 16,030 11,614 15,992 17,446 12, 953 31,711 42,019 39,342 36,529 38, 986 34,396 34,896 148,795 129, 731 112,665 93, 122 66, 744 45,366 33, 714 73,341 59, 570 38,245 24,932 27,300 28,689 13,054 5,638 6,411 6,631 7,315 12,618 20,363 14,249 3,203 3,738 3,727 3,113 4,755 8,162 6,644 223,695 163,508 68,209 26,246 919 344,189 145,621 36,701 22,362 14,033 18, 134 23,366 15,847 6,927 1, 529, 151 864, 7S5 340, 797 107,746 2 162 East Nokth Centkal: 166,481 103,801 35,101 14,230 1,183 283,514 93,592 23, 169 8,768 7,130 6,936 6,743 7,846 5,880 823,000 417,844 144,467 42,157 1,705 66,691 109, 105 21,171 12,296 176 200,882 65,548 9,082 2,764 1,721 1,704 1,967 1,680 1,678 450,357 233,193 33,582 7,903 323 Illinois 61,600 37,026 12,319 8,758 708 272, 662 117,007 41,978 12,471 11,609 6,716 11,641 14,025 6,753 398, 021 166,265 49,2,35 939 19, 593 13,988 10,534 5,603 237 192, 602 74,270 12,411 4,264 3,606 2,475 2,405 2,121 1,983 133,004 39, 970 12,088 577 28,004 19,531 11,366 4,368 274 79,984 25, 459 8,568 2,426 5,491 1,289 1,866 1,412 549 255, 668 114, 725 48,878 3,137 West Nobth Central: MiTinepntn 7,454 7,174 4,710 3,624 126 71,224 30, 297 8,594 3,769 574 827 1,270 973 1,481 121,018 52, 212 14,427 6,300 280 8,868 8,026 4,486 4,524 70 60,064 18,463 6,107 2,613 249 456 623 642 190 102,772 40,736 8,663 6,222 194 18,321 11, 159 4,960 3,279 457 84,362 44,056 13,965 6,624 2,009 1,020 1,330 3,299 1,597 181, 981 106,941 37,671 12,725 618 506 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. HORSEPOWER USED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES:- 1869-1914— Continued. Tatole 217— Continued. Census year. PRIMARY HORSEPOWER, Total. Owned. Rented. Electric horse- power Steam engines and turbines. Water wheels and motors. Internal combus- tion engines. Electric. Other. owned and rented. West North Centeal— Continued. North Dakota 1 1914 1909 1904 1899' 1889 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 '1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1 15,062 13, 196 9,873 7,361 3,587 16,324 17,666 11,154 11, 775 5,652 90,192 64,466 46,372 41,825 23,430 8,494 3,311 179,146 213,141 99,441 68,242 42, 943 21,079 8,149 64,403 52,779 49,490 40, 134 26,412 15,428 8,533 263,753 218,244 165,449 132, 052 73,335 51,259 32,422 24,775 16,563 12,592 10,255 11,374 3,143 1,889 337,567 283,928 176,998 136,696 82,343 67, 174 49,612 278,504 217,496 138,578 91,894 55,452 37,910 27,331 9,627 10, 170 8,619 5,932 3,008 8,972 12,257 8,497 9,294 4,468 58,066 44,882 34,625 31,176 17,070 .2,999 1,865 123,075 170,293 83, 134 56,608 35,026 13,468 6,360 48,207 42,266 42,542 32,898 21,557 10,643 4,313 196, 199 182,395 145,627 116,115 56,548 33,216 13,961 15,230 12,212 10,567 8,777 10,422 2,263 789 249,044 221,341 144,552 110,607 45,418 19,710 8,410 216,976 184,591 124,735 85,139 44,802 28,466 17,136 299 530 322 606 640 674 939 1,069 1,099 1,052 5,674 7,436 7,221 7,513 6,123 5,495 1,446 6,328 7,706 6,544 7,521 7,617 7,611 1,789 4,607 5,195 5,280 5,399 4,671 4,785 4,220 9,935 12,074 10,777 10,415 16,633 18,043 18,461 540 775 710 369 810 880 1,100 44,722 45, 155 25,946 23,550 36,654 37,464 41,202 5,554 10,617 6,404 5,425 10,542 9,464 10,195 1,198 1,304 645 759 la 2,364 2,784 1,397 1,270 32 6,724 4,408 2,035 1,919 58 3,866 1,164 281 127 82 28 6 27 27 3' 10 12 4,800 1,698 477 171 2 South Dakota ' 4,414 1,683 181 lOO 4,632 1 2,084 339 234 Nebraska. 19,701 7,530 2,364 866 27 210 127 351 179 33,720 15,942 8,126 2,398 49 TTatifMvs 22,041 22,580 6,923 2,530 77 26,802 11,809 2,484 1,420 900 753 356 163 223 64,482 46,921 10,326 3,426 110 South Atlantic: Delaware 1,905 766 412 318 80 9,705 4,502 1,092 605 79 50 164 917 104 29,544 17,910 5,764 1,870 104 Maryland 13,822 5,736 4,377 3,139 175 42,243 17, 108 3,309 733 1,554 931 1,359 1,650 979 117,707 44,921 18,823 4,174 212 District of Columbia.. 2,568 1,073 311 338 91 6,407 2,433 996 100 30 70 8 671 51 9,622 4,527 1,761 348 70 Virginia 6,659 3,664 1,715 ,748 78 37,142 13,356 4,403 822 ■"■412' 382 969 193 102,013 42,043 12,687 5,617 105 West Virginia 28,537 16,705 6,569 1,045 33 27,152 5,330 776 27 285 253 94 258 75 66,676 28,543 5,199 451 5 I The figures for Dakota Territory for the censuses preceding the separation ot North Dakota and Rraith R™°h^r *' '°"°r= '^^^' *"*=" P^'^'^'^y Horsepower, 2,224r steam power7l,42Zrnd water p^^^ 1869, total pnmary horsepowerj 324, steam power, 248, and water power, 76. ^ ' POWER USED IN MANUPACTUEING. 507 HORSEPOWER USED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1869-1914— Continued. Tatole 217— Continued. Census year. PRIMARY HORSEPOWER. Total. Owned. Rented. Electric horse- power Steam engines and turbines. Water wheels and motors. Internal- combus- tion engines. Electric. Other. owned and rented. SOTJTH ATLANTIC— Con. Nortli Carolina 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 508,085 378,556 216, 622 154,467 73,301 45,088 33, 152 340,224 276,378 197,479 112,697 45,673 25,868 14,932 357,403 298,241 220,419 136,499 84,064 51,169 38,243 100,071 89,816 43,413 36,356 16,055 7,147 3,700 238,314 230,224 174,626 144,161 82,408 54,929 39,568 286,857 242,277 175,780 130,318 84,273 51,952 37,981 445,762 357,837 293,185 173,208 102,282 27,576 18,751 186,434 206,222 110,338 66,738 35,328 18,450 12,472 177,208 173,088 109,509 79,660 38,313 15,733 7,646 331,132 272,979 183,213 123,328 41,360 15,025 6,941 207,480 195,452 157,612 81,283 29,103 11,995 4,537 245,811 240,800 183,721 111,465 56,108 21, 102 10,826 88,939 84,708 41,975 35,905 15, 483 6,208 3,172 206,871 208,606 163, 719 136,378 75,590 45,917 31,928 216,166 215,342 162,044 116,753 68,551 33,388 18,467 375,114 329,007 281,653 162,690 91,603 15,779 7,740 177,287 202,346 109,508 64,731 32,362 15,001 10,019 167,378 168,204 107,868 78,244 36,368 13,709 6,101 41, 181 41,926 28,382 29,241 31,812 30,063 26,211 42,413 38,497 31,097 27,686 16,399 13,873 10,395 27,829 28,748 28,304 22, 729 28,380 30,067 27,417 183 171 118 116 496 939 528 3,968 5,377 4,603 4,247 6,271 9,012 7,640 9,395 9,777 9,995 1J,078 15,451 18,564 19,514 9,621 13,923 9,518 9,421 10,382 11,797 11,011 643 238 77 361 2,746 3,449 2,453 793 674 584 734 1,778 2,024 1,545 5,379 2,366 2,102 388 42 128,660 60,044 2,423 894 1,733 1,251 502 616 87 163, 161 86,002 5,553 2,733 44 South Carolina. 2,063 1,264 239 323 97 83,754 41,130 8,451 185 4,514 35 80 3,320 74 111,988 67,620 32, 162 6,061 8 Georgia 7,032 3,380 632 366 119 76,458 23,890 6,464 1,668 273 1,423 1,298 272 457 103, 140 44,264 15, 556 2,698 157 Florida 4,464 1,497 320 173 63 6,406 3,353 1,000 162 79 87 is' 12,888 7,563 2,960 302 3 East South Centeal: Kentucky 6,581 4,724 1,938 1,096 223 20,382 11,314 3,874 1,722 512 303 491 718 324 49, 168 31,268 10,690 3,415 100 3,435 1,853 1,084 593 54 57,858 14,666 2,230 1,370 13 639 427 524 217 83,107 29,586 6,586 2,193 106 Alabama 4,469 4,616 472 376 14 56,400 10,104 1,448 359 158 187 94 362 283 98, 189 39,928 10,114 3,421 51 Mississippi 1,695 1,077 220 144 8 6,779 2,496 508 382 30 65 25 120 212 17,351 7,627 1,367 590 3 WSsT South Centeal: Arkannaa 2,979 1,374 482 326 7 5,956 2,581 484 201 102 255 101 55 160 13,340 7,417 2,191 480 31 508 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. HOESEPOWEE USED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTEIES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1869-1914— Continued. Tatole 217— Continued. Census year. PEIMAET HOESEPOWEE. DIVISION AND STATE. Total. Owned. Rented. Electric horse- power Steam engines and turbines. Water wheels and motors. Internal- combus- tion engines. Electric. Other. owned and rented. West South Centbai— Continued. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1809 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1866 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 399,743 346,652 251,963 190,182 29,730 11,346 25,066 97,308 71,139 29,608 11,572 686 335, 791 282,471 164,637 116,157 68,364 30, 534 13, 044 91,671 90,402 46,736 43,679 2,805 1,498 1,017 60,326 42,804 16,987 5,649 1,999 1,682 606 10,004 7,628 3,604 3,820 1,824 765 344 162,828 154,616 124,907 43,434 32,676 6,802 2,225 15,668 15,465 6,948 3,658 1,825 1,359 911 64,697 39,140 21,412 8,637 826 530 90 373,268 333,771 247,885 187,814 29,444 11,266 24,924 70,803 56,643 27,753 11,151 510 262,200 249,635 166,011 110,970 65,450 28,026 11,214 62,918 49,654 32,441 32,618 2,105 644 822 38,264 35,629 15, 145 4,010 975 646 311 6,925 6,467 3,088 3,237 1,608 717 310 126,608 135,760 118, 660 39,883 30,641 3,953 1,433 13,561 11,781 5,417 3,433 1,492 427 252 44,312 34,212 19,338 7,728 457 370 80 1,447 75 266 313 66 90 142 256 472 109 166 75 2,053 1,887 2,277 1,557 2,633 2,608 1,830 10,136 13,646 10, 316 9,717 666 964 796 1,674 2,407 1,078 1,605 1,024 1,136- 295 537 465 382 534 216 38 34 6,669 1,426 2,094 1,493 1,723 1,849 792 23 74 149 153 323 932 669 70 129 267 400 329 160 10 8,020 3,496 961 462 213 16,580 9,077 2,778 1,401 428 233 73 192 7 60,006 27,139 6,752 2,069 454 Oklahoma ' 16,976 8,676 989 200 10,068 6,281 597 205 67 160 66 23,760 7,887 910 28,300 15,745 1,876 968 167 42,943 14,868 4,414 2,390 295 436 69 272 124 76,133 36,450 10,299 3,217 166 Mountain: 820 223 74 85 17 27,798 26, 504 3,898 1,196 "■■"375' 8 63 17 38,109 27,301 7,979 3,184 43 Idaho 431 242 127 28 9,928 4,606 637 6 29 20 100 16,120 8,409 1,702 6 2 1,366 182 88 42 1,176 514 46 7 1,691 801 132 87 Colorado . ... 2,075 1,464 317 619 36 27,349 15,874 3,765 1,187 127 101 71 362 276 67,278 35,944 15,730 1,896 68 776 366 114 64 1,309 3,246 203 8 66' io" 2,617 4,686 233 8 Arizona 795 1,285 1,392 371 8,918 3,314 165 38 602 200 260 46' 23,118 16,100 4,821 634 ^ Includes power for Indian Territory in 1904 and prior censuses. POWER USED IN MANUFACTUBING. 509 HOBSEPOWEE USED IN MANUFACTUEING INDUSTEIBS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1869-1914— Continued. TatJle 317— Continued. DIVISION AND STATE. Mountain- Continued. Utah Nevada.. Pacific: Washington. Oregon. California.. Census year. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 PEIMABY HOESEPOVraE. Total. 69,536 42,947 19,397 12,674 6,064 4,689 2,600 18,748 7,766 2,834 1,661 372 716 8,645 399,567 297,897 168,342 87,601 42, 679 4,395 2,823 219,222 175,019 81,348 60,005 32,508 13, 689 8,277 491,025 329,100 210,359 126, 963 72,931 32,921 25,370 Owned. Steam engines and turbines. 34, 020 29,084 13, 146 7,616 2,630 1,154 331 13,433 4,533 1,092 628 318 608 6,007 301,923 257, 249 160. 798 77, 821 37,709 3,210 1,411 116,691 112,244 56,512 37,986 22,736 4,334 2,471 207,695 193,656 164, 922 106. 799 64,886 28,071 18,493 Water wheels and motors. Internal- combus- tion engines. 3,494 2,997 3,262 3,366 2,492 3,635 2,169 399 782 893 6 108 2,538 9,306 8,065 4,642 6,863 4,851 1,186 1,412 57,276 47,438 20, 660 19, 263 9,280 9,266 6,806 7,450 7,670 7,260 4,680 6,091 4,860 6,877 470 226 59 89 10 139 201 125 39 48 3,162 1,494 493 189 3 371 195 2 15,614 10,115 6,292 3,244 361 Eented. Electric. 21,562 10,592 2,941 1,688 4,263 2,307 650 1 84,953 30,951 11,650 2,662 44,010 14, 811 4,727 2,243 258,734 116,637 39,363 9,624 Other. 4 326 285 223 138 769 176 16 57 98 78 318 490 1,632 1,222 2,622 2,606 2,693 Electric horse- power owned and rented. 34,018 16,402 4,272 2,829 17,574 6,441 550 1 112,486 43,615 16, 290 3,137 63 63,739 20,802 5,223 2,690 37 291,344 143,684 49,675 15, 762 393 Chapter XI.— CONSUMPTION OF FUEL IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Methods of consumption of fuel. — Fuel is used in manufacturing in three different ways. First, and most important, it is employed for generating power by means of steam engines or internal-combustion engines; second, to produce heat which is applied directly to materials to transform them or to facilitate their manipulation; and third, as a material which enters into the actual composition of the product. The only important industries using fuel in the manner last described are the charcoal industry, where by a process of slow partial combustion wood is transformed into charcoal; the coke industry, where coal is transformed into coke by the combus- tion or distillation of the lighter hydrocarbons; and the gas industry, in which coal and oil form important constituent materials. Besides these, there are the manu- factured fuel industry, and the manufacture of bone, carbon, and lamp black, both, of which are minor industries. There are about 35 industries in which, by the combustion of coal or some other form of fuel, heat is applied directly to material in the process of manufacture. Among these the most important are the brick, tile, and pottery, foundry and machine-shop, glass, and blast-furnace industries, the steel works and rolling mills, the various metal smelting industries, the lime and cement industries, petroleum refining, and the salt industry. Quantity of different kinds of fuel consumed in all manufacturing industries com- bined. — The census inquiry in regard to fuel was designed to ascertain the quantity used in manufacturing processes or for the development of power. Establishments using fuel for lighting or heating purposes only were not asked to report the amount used. On the other hand, when fuel was so used and was also used for the develop- ment of power or in the process of manufacture, no attempt was made to separate the quantities used for the different purposes, but the total consumption was reported. Table 218 shows the quantity of the principal kinds of fuel reported by all manu- acturing establishments in 1914 and 1909. Tattle 218 1909 Anthracite coal, tons o£ 2,240 pounds Bituminous coal, tons of 2,000 pounds Coke, tons of 2,000 pounds Oil, including gasoEne, barrels Gas (excluding blast-furnace gas), 1,000 cubic feet 14,724,265 1 166, 699, 827 32,539,325 48, 689, 232 285,609,876 14,339,220 1161,793,068 37,925,338 34,331,632 269,640,535 1 Includes bituminous coal used as material in the manufacture of coke. The figures for bituminous coal cover all that was consumed in the manufacture of coke. Under "coke" are reported both oven and gas-house coke. The greater part of the oil used as fuel was crude petroleum. There were, however, large quantities of the products of petroleum refining — gasoline, naphtha, gas oil, fuel oil, and illum- inating oil — reported under this heading. Natural gas formed by far the larger pro- portion of the total quantity of gas reported. A great many concerns use goal for power or other purposes by converting it into ' ' producer " gas. In such cases the quan- tity of coal consumed, rather than that of gas made and consumed, was reported. The blast-furnace gas used as fuel is liot included in the table. The census schedule for manufactures called specifically for the five kinds of fuel named in the above table. Charcoal is of some importance as a fuel in manufactur- ing. In the blast-furnace industry, the leading consumer of charcoal, 29,083,978 bushels, equivalent to 319,924 tons, assuming the average weight of a bushel to be 22 pounds, were used in 1914. A large part of the charcoal manufactured is made in wood distillation plants. Fuel consumed in individual industries.— Statistics as to the amount of the different kinds of fuel consumed in 1914 are shown in Table 220 for each of the 340 industries for which separate statistics can be given. Table 219 shows, for 1914 and 1909, the total cost of fuel, including rent of power, and the quantities of the different kinds of fuel reported by each of the 59 industries showing the largest expenditures for fuel and rent of power. (510) CONSUMPTTON" OF FUEL. 511 The quantity of wood consumed as fuel was not a part of the census inquiry for 1914. Many establishments, especially those in the tanning and woodworking indus- tries, use large quantities of spent tanbark slabs, sawdust, etc., of which no account ia kept as to quantity or value. In the bakery, clay-working, lime, wood distillation, and other industries that use large quantities of purchased wood for fuel, the cost ia included, although the quantity is not shown. The blast-furnace industry leads in cost of fuel consumed, although a decrease of approximately $20,000,000 is shown. Coke is the principal fuel used in this iadustry, the consumption for 1914 being 26,335,234 tons, or 80.9 per cent of the total quantity used in all industries. In the consumption of other kinds of fuel this industry holds a subordinate place. The statistics for gas used in this industry, as shown in the table, do not include blast-furnace gas. In 1914, 41 blast-furnace establishments reported the utilization of over 1,400,000,000 thousand cubic feet of blast-fumace gas, of which 355,000,000 thousand cubic feet were used in other departments of the plants for steam and power purposes. The quantity and value of this gas are omitted from the table because it was produced and con- sumed within the industry and was not a primary fuel. The coke industry was second in importance in the amount expended for fuel. The principal material of this industry is bituminous coal, of which 50,457,474 tons were used in 1914, or 30.3 per cent of the total for all industries. Most of this is simply transformed into coke, as very little power is required in the manufacture of coke. The steel works and rolling mills ranked third in fuel consumption in 1914, as meas- ured by expenditures for fuel. Much fuel is required in this industry, both for smelt- ing and heating the materials and for generating power for the operation of heavy machinery required for all branches of the industry. The manufacture of gas requires a large expenditure for coal, coke, and crude oil, which are used in the various processess of manufacture. Among other large consumers of fuel will be found the brick, tile, and pottery, cement, chemical, cotton-goods, foundry and machine-shop, glass, manufactured ice, malt liquors, paper and wood pulp, petroleum-refining, and metal-smelting industries, and steam-railroad repair shops. Fuel consumed, by divisions and states. — Table 222 (p. 567) presents statistics of the quantity of fuel consumed in each of the states, and also for the geographic divisions. CONSUMPTION OF FUEL IN 59 LEADING-FUBL-CONSUMING INDUSTRIES: 1914 AND 1909. Table 219 Cen- sus year. Cost of fuel and rent of power. FUEL CONSUMED. Anthra- cite coal (tons of 2,240 pounds). Bitumin- ous coal (tons of 2,000 pounds). Coke (tons of 2, 000 pounds). Oil.in- cluoing (barrels). Gasi (1,000 cu- bic feet). All industries.. Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and parts. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. Brass, bronze, and copper products. Bread and other bakery products. Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products. Butter, cheese, and con- condensed milk. Canning and preserving , > and wagons and materials. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 $666,406,709 570.067,824 14,724,265 14^39,220 166,699,827 161,793,068 32,539,325 37;925,338 48,689,232 34,331,632 285,609,876 269,640,535 2,507,394 2,042,974 4,656,102 1,661,724 2,310,903 1,847,885 3,831,780 3,005,514 9,591,187 7,375,847 26,601,525 25,348,623 3,909,540 2,771,983 2, 166, 400 1,551,363 1,842,865 1,771,984 8,863 15, 114 31,393 17,346 80,618 45,089 127,828 206,396 470,341 383,390 291,366 334,684 36, 069 47,344, 48,705 37,613 47,516 62,258 555,271 560,085 662,224 319,497 302,766 285,545 378,306 589,309 382,882 250, 165 9,170,010 8,799,778 831,549 588, 169 415,732 287,294 379,432 451,304 znace gas. 104,386 98,819 23,560 14,282 3,119 2,124 75,812 59, 152 254,313 195,971 66,872 45,347 7,146 1,069 2,992 2,156 12,269 18,741 240,060 244,759 384,248 86,873 4,371 4,324 310,910 206,852 220,141 151,371 1,921,266 1,410,740 213,359 94,325 344,764 166,042 64,567 44,176 234,349 313,412 2,038,860 385,468 201,892 128,314 464,259 4,619,113 2,732,911 23,821,028 26,368,992 213,373 215,318 224,543 130,434 234,191 477,367 512 CENSUS OF MANUPAOTTJEES : 1914. CONSUMPTION OF FUEL IN 59 LEADING FUEL-CONSUMING INDUSTKIES: 1914 AND 1909— Continued. Table 219— Continued. INDUSTRY. Cen- sus year. Cost of fuel and rent of power. FUEL CONSUMED. Anthra- cite coal (tons of 2,240 pounds). Bitumin- ous coal (tons of 2,000 pounds). Coke (tons of 2,000 pounds). Oil, in- cluding gasoline (barrels). Gas (1,000 cu- bic feet). Cars and general shop con- struction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not in- cluding operations of rail- road companies. Cement Chemicals...- Clothing, men's, including shirts. Clothing, women's Coke, not tucluding gas- house coke. Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. Cotton goods, including cot- ton small wares. Cutlery and tools, not else- where specified. Dyeing and finishing tex- tiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. Electrical machinery, appa- ratus, and supplies. Fertilisers Flour-mill and gristmill products. Food preparations, not else- where specified. Foundry and machine-shop products. Furniture and refrigerators. . Gas, illuminating and heat- ing. Glass Hosiery and knit goods. Ice, manufactured Ironandst6el,blastfumaces. Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel forgings, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Leatlier, tanned, curried, and finished. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 J12,482,370 8,465,983 2,749,760 2,097,659 20,271,662 13, 163, 180 11,203,672 8,047,443 2,183,947 2,240,019 1,756,814 1,676,832 64,832,328 60,905,891 1,756,431 1,308,881 2,646,518 2,252,642 17,860,740 13,985,896 1,474,246 1,143,740 4,771,997 4,451,077 4,607,861 3,056,066 1,881,809 1,452,809 7,780,149 6,980,675 2,236,975 1,333,497 28,880,719 23,750,838 3,291,806 2,571,562 53,894,193 39,196,031 10,934,928 7,523,937 2,686,957 1,970,277 11,340,469 7,780,397 88,686,692 108,536,921 55,447,804 46,136,725 1,828,462 1,087,088 3,757,026 3,292,831 506,696 438,349 34, 978 38,895 226,474 259,220 491,603 650,482 49,433 55,770 11,980 21,405 81, 153 72,630 63,454 61,448 313,531 415,604 40,731 47,253 490,587 693,093 66,841 87,096 13,451 20,698 56,953 67,459 46,276 31,712 519,813 624,958 62,165 64,427 947,261 898,984 41,372 17,906 118,071 124,420 213,541 244,396 47,060 273,643 568,723 765, 145 18,068 27,231 89, 140 98,724 5,486,405 5,255,477 698,097 664,638 6,731,438 4,815,758 2,667,248 2,161,783 118,445 89,342 17,958 14,897 50,457,474 69,030,006 216,920 169,666 458,576 334,754 3,634,223 3,327,802 188,715 188,201 896,589 869,216 769,260 632,870 433,369 462,023 1,809,968 1,880,702 387,200 272,392 4,300,909 4,220,640 785,105 728,841 6,078,299 4,668,096 2,252,268 1,859,001 484,268 441, 187 3,386,276 2,430,454 1,892,357 1, 166, 135 20,343,767 19,769,678 285,573 241,387 1,124,444 1,028,215 79,597 64,827 70,886 113,013 20,072 4,103 275,440 63,522 2,354 1,013 439 76 2,508,703 982,329 M4,826 140,725 2,502,065 1,616,697 500,668 110,276 8,327 8,904 939 1,295 1,829,902 1,116,127 1,221,695 552,803 6,525,894 14,721,568 2,744,939 1,300,770 498,945 828,622 261,661 377,872 13,805 18,062 20, 400 14,917 16,637 20,605 9,441 11,248 97 2,576 26,378 20,123 2,033 6,148 13,941 3,347 12,987 9,092 1,473,656 1,919,916 17,565 17,009 1,084,217 769,245 16,770 17,393 2,849 1,080 30,493 6,872 26,335,234 31,649,865 495,214 648,637 21,737 29,895 2,489 23,333 6,662 140,330 85,096 24,765 38,792 75,472 77,194 31,869 10,037 125,523 104,467 27,851 19,721 441,693 424,386 72,064 36,832 965,125 677,828 20,644 7,640 13,482,655 11,816,282 867,836 468,894 2,476 2,182 1,292,008 905,952 80,474 19,446 3,011,192 2,063,736 323,875 165,875 67,252 46,129 I 688,961 404,626 1,529,565 1,337,837 42,846 68,106 1,126,445 747,731 143,953 64,657 2,767,856 1,761,969 49,631 111,859 1,627,252 3,037,008 991,297 368,195 12,668,076 13,637,341 267,052 181,463 3,372,563 605,408 43,336,322 43,711,619 40,765 33,861 7,692,003 4,348,929 242,218 274,699 81,310,122 86,440,031 961,363 612,046 527,657 698,532 CONSUMPTION OP FUEL. 513 CONSUMPTION OF FUEL IN 59 LEADING FUEL-CONSUMING INDUSTRIES: 1914 AND 1909— Continued. Table 219— Continued. Cen- sus year. Cost of fuel and rent of power. FUEL CONSDUED. INDUSTRY. Anthra- cite coal (tons of 2,240 pounds). Bitumin- ous coal (tons of 2,000 pounds). Coke (tons of 2,000 pounds). Oil in- cluding gasoline (barrels). Gas (1,000 cu- bic feet). Linio 1914 1909 $3,534,377 3,439,986 76, 141 106,929 677,071 674,304 60,159 71,471 82,447 33,147 673,853 1,424,724 Liauors. distilled 1914 1909 1,832,521 1,500,049 8,839 25,310 909,617 808,089 1,916 7,011 65,141 48,258 79,316 189,936 J-JA'^U- V^ tJf v.i*.Jir*A*^y*.* ....■...--- Linuors malt. . 1914 1909 10,470,018 8,570,892 571,588 554,029 2,749,600 2,424,798 11,198 11,530 725,672 527,089 3,314,070 3,649,380 Jja\^l^UX J J XAAl*& V. ..■*•....■---- Lumber and timber prod- ucts. 1914 1909 7,461,399 5,082,287 76,873 79,330 1,417,485 1,134,218 4,996 5,854 507,546 144,499 492,694 621,034 Marble and stone work 1914 1909 2,824,182 2,546,081 54,227 49,962 485, 860 682,447 8,279 1,149 28, 634 20,238 161,403 133,436 Oil, cottonseed, and cake. . . 1914 1909 4,010,450 3, 144, 795 5,507 8,683 1,232,031 828,367 1,762 800 248,806 376,789 1,619,198 372, 880 Paint and varnisli . . 1914 1909 1, 592, 230 1,306,297 81, 666 66,697 301,6.54 299,930 25,461 24,667 23,884 19, 613 366, 695 X fc».im UOA*\M » mi J,K^tJ^^ ...*.-.->- 269,34? Paper and wood pulp 1914 1909 24,261,348 18,320,266 741, 177 668,677 6,268,853 6,460,314 16,455 600 636,329 684, 536 2, 260, 662 6,486,293 Paving materials 1914 1909 2,098,737 202,921 11, 559 12, 184 665,802 54,811 2,933 1,009 127, 219 3,598 49S, 951 196,153 Petroleum, refinine: 1914 1909 13, 567, 284 8,376,383 1,367,429 1,347,619 2,046,486 1,264,841 167,621 99,595 7,456,918 3,473,758 10, 993, 746 ^ WL \J±VI^ J * V*** ■ .. '^ ..•..*--- 7,619,859 Printing and publishing 1914 1909 8, 605, 057 7,601,152 166,903 164, 932 361,395 348,698 4,830 2,895 62, 849 41,265 2,270,671 1, 633, 886 Rubber goods, not else- where specified. 1914 1909 2,744,005 1, 394, 287 #8,793 ~9,372 919,066 479,906 348 28 8,778 1,346 371,283 62, 173 Salt 1914 1909 1,817,573 1,590,746 86,' 894 108,816 714,402 642,373 63S 15 56,443 85,074 869,339 1,688,731 Shipbuilding, including boat building. 1914 1909 1,418,368 1, 191, 654 13, 441 12, 080 251,820 301,501 10,548 10,725 122,929 89,916 404, 785 274,071 Silk goods, including throw- sters. 1914 1909 2,322,684 1,687,981 1,053,755 242, 771 249,963 156,266 48 3,601 2,962 3,072 148, 252 49,673 Slaughtering and meat pack- ing. 1914 1909 8, 584, 177 6,700,834 226,995 193,936 2,802,845 2,512,864 14,340 976 1,203,412 1, 102, 550 2,083,407 1,091,164 Smelting and refining, cop- per. 1914 1909 13,471,917 13,320,517 299,480 310,963 812, 196 1, 081, 031 744,266 1,008,059 2,303,756 658,923 10,615 3,889 Smelting and refining, lead . 1914 1909 3,883,589 3,608,126 358,484 427,479 389, 826 351,968 186, 566 99,167 90,656 ■"si," 958" 47,393 Smelting and refining, zinc . . 1914 1909 4,115,854 2,218,876 655, 766 432, 161 1, 066, 625 634,932 92,695 52,172 145, 811 41,695 22,336,089 11,678,996 Soap 1914 1909 1,618,833 1,265,851 83,378 65,528 615,356 461,206 2,850 1,389 36,150 69,347 70,948 57,385 Sugar, beet 1914 1909 2,726,525 1,899,468 37,236 8,981 682, 693 565,672 37,864 28,300 803,698 664, 174 4,789 383 Rnpni" rfifinino" 1914 1909 3,986,160 2,866,371 461,310 611, 640 875, 882 542, 148 1,624 362 748,633 678,633 hJLigut , 1 wJ-iXUi-lg >... .....4..-- 453 Wire 1914 1909 1,813,172 1,640,172 30,067 84,208 523,603 518, 121 14,329 22,280 88,979 71,663 415,873 217,620 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. 1914 1909 7,525,349 6,489,196 267,433 277,766 1,608,872 1,526,988 1,624 6,985 43,207 26,611 64,577 104, 746 All other industries 1914 1909 51, 557, 969 42,426,842 2,048,855 1, 924, 928 9,230,065 9,129,578 339,938 380,959 2,389,943 3,534,042 32,807,713 23,736,318 67031°— 17- -33 GENERAL TABLES. (515) 516 CENSUS OP MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND [Data for this table are presented iu three sections, as follows: "Financial statistics," pp- 516 to 529; FINANCIAL STATISTICS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. Expenses. Services. Officials. Clerks. All industries Aeroplanes and parts Agricultural implements Aluminum ware Ammunition Artificial flowers Artificial limbs Artificial stone products Artists' materials Asbestos products, not including steam packing. Automobile bodies and parts Automobile repairmg Automobiles Awnings, tents, and sails Babbitt metal and solder , Bags, other than paper Bags, paper, not including bags made in paper mills. Baking powders and yeast Baskets, and rattan and willow ware Bells Belting and hose, rubber Belting and hose, woven Belting, leather Billiard tables and materials Blacking, stains, and dressings Bluing Bone, carbon, and lamp black Bookbinding and blank-book making Boot and shoe cut stock, exclusive of that produced in boot and shoe factories. Boot and shoe findings, exclusive of those produced in boot and shoe factories. Boots and shoes Boots and shoes, rubber Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper , Boxes, wooden packing Brass, bronze, and copper products Bread and other bakery products , Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products. Brooms Brushes Butter Butter, reworking Buttons Candles '..'.'.['. Canning and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, fruits and vege- tables. Canning and preserving, oysters Card cutting and desigiung Cardboard, not made in paper mills Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carpets, rag Carriage and wagon materials Carriages and sleds, children's Carriages, wagons, and repairs 275,791 Dollars. 22,790,979,937 Dollars. 560,927,381 Dollars. 726,989,570 Dollars. 4,078,332,433 16 601 37 32 217 163 ,548 44 32 1,273 300 888 109 138 69 124 419 12 18 31 151 54 197 27 1,124 236 1,355 238 1,043 1,174 992 25,963 3,239 369 4,356 17 617 15 330 3,153 65 68 18 97 463 456 92 4,601 401,301 338, 631, 673 11,087,673 37, 454, 175 3,348,613 1,002,871 19,414,473 2,947,316 3,619,788 94,864,031 17,098,052 312,876,884 9,958,089 8,919,223 30,878,474 11,078,446 35,271,592 4,690,615 • 1,039,963 22,436,922 4,848,170 20,138,522 5,438,096 4,986,740 712,377 4,995,400 29, 179, 790 30,465,245 12,662,864 254,590,832 46,051,464 5,270,193 60,027,412 66,693,856 116,092,882 271,261,625 279,860,012 8,706,868 14,332,768 59,626,448 1,397,487 19,075,374 2,286,446 28, 463, 738 98,738,219 2,076,607 706,293 5,128,818 85,153,828 1,654,447 26, 846, 261 9,380,127 150, 797, 764 41,149 4,603,608 193,468 773,772 187,564 91,931 919,305 120,275 149,675 4,143,648 823, 459 6,932,623 669, 052 504,663 676,507 422,836 674, 848 267,691 69,358 565,794 173,971 685,067 109,637 430,678 51,808 84, 064 1,814,956 670,374 528,700 9,306,863 541, 113 288,592 3,393,361 2, 473, 865 3,706,227 5,919,365 6,836,716 402,383 772, 217 2, 136, 883 41,080 880,186 98,547 773,498 2,976,624 61,261 41, 241 207,362 1,415,744. 100,479 913, 326 383,562 2J81, 174 20,285 8,506,857 287,333 808,898 277, 893 121,612 346,405 311,656 70,087 15,415,870 664,863 11,033,638 596,977 408, 766 841,916 490,008 1,231,675 93, 670 16, 617 1, 127, 628 164,870 1,074,576 256,341 784,864 59,130 21, 116 1,636,911 941,586 504, 144 13,621,218 1,417,166 189, 266 2,494,092 1,328 691 3,368,771 13,848,117 3,709,439 447, 656 678,204 1,834,879 56, 819 770, 651 73,968 496,494 2,130,163 67,115 31,359 160,070 1,467,934 143, 270 609,267 362, 466 3, 370, 197 134,827 34,693,325 2,611,251 6,750,986 1,990,768 6,307,752 314,504 483,736 34,992,515 10,613,693 66,934,359 2,953,884 701,234 3,788,837 1,659,070 1,241,316 1,922,966 244 113 2,902,193 469,563 2,069,645 984,617 877,434 104,863 230,821 11,674,723 4,062.123 3,225,683 105,696,404 9,986,454 2,298,842 18,704,790 18,206,067 25,084,281 76, 866, 613 54,907.418 2,624,106 3,481,271 10,119,478 199,616 6,424,399 183,007 3,678,999 17,305,503 423, 697 264,895 579,942 14,716,615 994,608 6,069,218 3,180,705 26,498,244 GENERAL TABLES. 517 POWEK AND FUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914. "Persons engaged in manufacturing industries," pp. 630 to 543; and "Power and luelused,"pp.544to557.J FINANCIAL STATISTICS— continued. Expenses— Continued. Contract work. Dollars. 198,876,826 Rent and taxes. Rent ol factory. Dollars. 140,646,816 Dollars. 441,392,849 Taxes, including internal revenue and cor- poration income. Dollars. 14,368,088,831 Materials. Total. Dollars. 13,701,682,122 Principal materials. Dollars. 666,406,709 Fuel and rent of power. Dollars. 24,246,434,724 Value of products. Dollars. 9,878,345,893 Value added by manufac- ture. 12,428 104,488 1,936 847 80,900 6,272 154,023 1,833 4,450 186,115 156,587 3,7«8,809 24,682 1,927 191,448 3,968 18,903 12,884 1,200 2,686 57,722 1,330 4,022 350 381,087 12,622 111,582 1,600,381 39,140 5,519 75,812 330,111 111,021 171,759 696,104 134,168 124,281 662,076 350 83,933 322,347 422,614 8,669 2,513 341,286 11,983 24,307 26,000 185,086 13,860 91,358 17,395 14,709 209,563 86,498 202,611 38,543 14,612 1,118,594 1,783,658 1,009,465 433,939 92, 106 179,032 122,824 199,362 78,947 9,491 12,000 41,633 183,795 49,086 104,412 15,473 6,419 1,238,732 269,666 251,745 2,084,659 20,036 124,042 1,740,464 568,988 590,728 8,493,475 423,658 105,079 204,914 465,746 13,089 338,617 4,780 135,401 336,032 5,220 45,526 24,000 139,494 83,961 129,831 64,180 1,156,384 12,038 1,622,861 73,800 217,730 6,567 6,188 121,728 24,358 11,036 702,409 128,620 2,321,866 62,660 62,404 194,612 . 59,287 588,140 30,336 8,192 152,968 22,169 155,438 22,170 38,827 7,001 16,676 134,128 118,812 71,165 1,487,114 325,642 41,518 357,008 634,693 790,896 2, 120, 775 1,438,981 53,093 82,013 394, 863 61, 722 88,581 6,361 240,563 542,126 13,506 1,867 18,601 368,665 11,037 172,944 52,964 900,373 133,939 73,608,646 14,421,319 16,276,675 3,206,868 315,762 8,903,630 2,064,716 1,360,186 63,610,385 9,163,817 292,597,565 10,156,101 15,652,180 67,021,376 12,200,884 10,894,844 2,999,286 437,878 12,967,004 2,868,801 15,480,110 2,488,261 5,128,614 489, 431 686,240 13,334,207 61,450,498 20,304,183 310,356,586 23,966,038 4,269,486 36,268,370 62,839,647 115,486,768 274,257,468 42,723,178 7,883,613 9,326,665 212,546,847 5,058,963 8,702,200 1,118,675 19, 467, 153 103,293,044 1,226,206 420,736 2,962,334 42,280,223 721,728 13,546,273 5,682,489 62,172,522 130,258 71,001,251 14,207,921 15,907,234 3,177,749 298,643 8,620,391 2,023,875 1,292,606 61,827,206 8,644,676 289,724,622 10,064,798 16,532,989 66,861,694 12,119,007 10,623,688 2,947,390 420,436 12,510,818 2,821,677 16,339,523 2,436,140 6,074,807 480,633 481,039 12,981,986 61,290,122 20,156,987 308,353,255 23,401,266 4,172,802 35,366,264 52,341,406 111,654,988 264,666,281 18,969,209 7,785,923 9,164,370 210,338,235 5,019,162 8,382,703 1,100,111 19,160,934 101,912,460 1,193,417 411,068 2,899,989 41,266,286 867,147 13,124,790 5,570,642 60, 751, 140 3,681 2,507,394 213,398 369,341 29,119 17,119 283,239 40,841 67,679 1,783,169 509,242 2,872,943 90,303 119,191 159,682 81,877 271,266 61,896 17,443 456,186 47,224 140,587 62,121 53,807 8,798 205,201 352,221 160,378 147,196 2,003,331 654,780 98,684 902,116 498,242 3,831,780 9,591,187 23,763,969 97,690 162,286 2,208,612 39,801 319,497 18,484 306,219 1,380,684 31,789 9,668 62,345 1,014,937 54,581 421,483 111,847 1,421,382 789,872 164,086,836 19,597,485 30,840,472 7,614,049 1,498,154 21,933,630 3,237,729 2,813,578 129,601,337 29,920,151 503,230,137 18,138,326 19,179,976 79,049,161 17,802,543 22,339,347 6,678,468 969,626 23,660,889 4,440,775 23,036,951 4,894,081 9,881,694 1,184,045 1,463,669 38,104,368 69,984,623 28,303,186 501,760,468 63,822,123 8,336,907 74,711,047 86,666,807 182,199,019 491,893,025 135,921,446 14,084,959 17,894,478 243,379,371 6,869,309 20,711,979 1,730,723 31,111,409 149,175,885 2,238,063 1,064,904 4,350,347 89,128,185 2,786,439 24,849,560 11,761,623 100,697,437 656,933 90,678,190 8,176,146 14,663,897 4,407,181 1,182,392 13,030,000 1,173,013 1,463,393 65,990,972 20,766,334 210,632,672 7,983,226 3,627,796 12,027,776 5,401,669 11,444,603 3,579,183 531,747 10,693,885 1,671,974 7,665,841 2,405,820 4,762,980 694,614 777,329 24,770,161 8,614,026 7,999,003 191,403,872 29,866,087 4,067,421 38,442,677 33,727,180 46,712,251 217,635,567 93,198,267 6,201,346 8,567,821 30,832,624 810,358 12,009,779 612,148 11,644,256 46,882,821 1,012,847 634,168 1,388,013 26,847,982 2,064,711 11,303,287 6,069,134 54,524,915 518 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUEES : 1914. TABLE 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND FINANCIAl STATLSTICS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. Expenses. Services. Officials. Clerks. Wage earners. Cars and general sbop construction and repairs by electric-railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steara-railroad companies. Cars, electric-railroad, not includmg oper- ations of railroad companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not including opera- tions of railroad companies. Cast registers and calculating machines. Cement Charcoal, not including production in the lumber and wood distillation industries Cheese Chemicals China decorating, not including that done in potteries. Chocolate and cocoa products, not includ- ing confectionery. Cleansing and polishing preparations Clocks Cloth, sponging and refinisbing Clothing, horse Clothing, men's Clothtog, men's, buttonholes Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding, . Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Coke, not including gas-house coke Collars and cufis, men's , Combs and hairpins, not made from metal or rubber. Condensed milk and milk products, other than butter and cheese. Confectionery and ice cream Cooperage Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work Cordage and twine Cordials and flavoring sirups Cork, cutting , Corsets , Cotton goods Cotton lace , Cotton small wares Crucibles Cutlery and edge tools , Dairymen's, poultrymen's, and apiarists' supplies. Dental goods Drug grmdlng Druggists' preparations , Dyeing and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. Dyestuffs and extracts Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. 649 1,362 U 103 52 133 47 3,082 395 37 4,830 139 5,664 231 35 66 190 4,828 1,259 4,527 105 142 62 167 1,179 41 108 10 252 236 172 29 416 607 112 1,030 Dollars. 63,613,741 354,092,369 14,751,582 157,811,109 41,074,933 243,485,046 493,717 11,139,004 224,345,921 463,209 23,684,636 5,897,676 13,564,482 625,416 4,482,497 224,050,401 224,381 153,549,295 56,695,763 29,730,842 161,561,449 15,025,246 2,969,241 35,047,852 131,169,965 36,690,031 57,395,995 72,472,169 6,585,420 7,601,536 23,892,766 867,043,678 20, 956, 509 11,764,495 1,871,015 35, 666, 198 21,280,864 10,948,814 8,434,036 46,638,098 139,193,871 21,283,974 355,724,756 Dollars. 1,082,341 10,075,794 420,956 2,637,710 1,529,861 2,236,305 11,656 148,849 4,234,843 11,612 391,685 509,565 476,514 124,560 110,674 8,579,219 12,176 8,942,364 2,391,823 953,000 1,277,680 560,014 251,569 846,924 6,277,458 1,103,406 3,459,368 924,600 399,707 234,107 1,618,673 10,962,344 533,548 423,947 108,376 1, 118, 633 701,824 414, 206 229,818 1,932,084 3,462,089 768, 190 11,095,411 Dollars. 832,197 13,967,723 311,691 4,316,913 3,951,792 3,829,036 780 69,680 4,785,860 44,869 1,061,787 931,075 470,370 65, 152 138,586 18,392,606 1,796 17,180,518 6,624,165 1,659,323 1,379,397 427,863 181,674 1,104,5 8,655,343 440,128 2,591,398 704,790 476,217 163,434 2,649,526 4,587,787 677, 428 214,946 35,759 1,054,027 984,363 395,695 122,305 5,112,898 3,019,316 620,653 24,196,870 Dollars. 18,644,845 234,505,098 2,467,027 41,393,579 6,110,271 18,192,282 80,513 2,065,684 22,066,212 159,471 2,035,598 618,783 3,653,146 658,377 668,305 86,828,011 326,322 92,573,642 4,507,692 5,381,842 14,288,962 4,494,146 1,393,369 3,661,919 28,316,715 9,160,583 20,517,568 6,995,596 461,058 1,582,431 7,976,721 146,129,628 3,468,081 2,824,890 171,499 9,075,896 3,363,119 1,616,195 583,361 4,764,508 24,872,318 1,613,116 73,806,329 GENERAL TABLES. 519 POWER AND FUEL, FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. FINANCIAL STATISTICS— continued. Expenses— Continued. Contract work. Dollars. 24,596 201,375 129,904 690 346,381 12,625 26,917 376,435 1,038 71,956 32,016 6,041 12,604 37,059 37,755,023 524 15,843,554 46,015 28,609 Rent and taxes. Rent of factory. 1,045,341 92,770 33,658 125,222 108,764 479,358 1,455 2,698 11,910 183,966 1,483,770 47,896 82,970 20,876 49,905 13,069 35 27,901 222,370 2,487 290,889 Dollarsr 32,794 24,820 19,401 125,034 70,447 1,631,601 1,496 61,645 307,720 19,707 118,816 122,936 30,187 130,917 31,069 6,694,568 29,863 9,736,972 1,107,777 179,169 413,128 32,773 34,547 18,804 3,905,234 217,178 1,431,842 61,479 106,703 49,106 421,457 405,763 30,632 116,646 120 88,507 61,815 87,238 31,684 408,134 490, 135 94,740 1,434,964 Taxes, including internal revenue and cor- poration income. Dollars. 648,863 1,706,623 89,317 784,025 224,642 861,702 1,482 60,424 1,425,531 2,347 168,582 33,627 78,436 7,400 23,459 823,373 ' 1,257 321,833 352,709 246,240 1,333,270 68,112 14,780 261,367 1,142,876 274,384 385, 160 405,639 86,347 49,085 161,817 7,690,276 87,775 79,756 13,966 204,276 99,662 31,901 60,199 331,005 130,842 1,851,906 Materials. Total. Dollars. 17,609,574 243,828,607 6,349,779 132,200,159 3,992,076 51,986,798 232,618 46, 768, 685 89,450,694 330,190 24,483,303 3,895,199 4,007,764 132,653 3,568,769 230,031,690 90,012 252,345,040 116,519,603 13,257,078 69,138,328 6,666,578 2,862,823 55,720,103 133,786,641 32,943,683 60,174,216 43,606,473 7,596,360 4,751,440 19,686,633 431,602,540 6,676,948 6,243,027 1,269,845 8,185,699 9,247,939 10,714,692 5,215,287 22,934,723 13,237,995 164,728,076 Principal materials. Dollars. 16,962,542 231,346,237 6,164,918 129,450,399 3,882,337 31,715,136 116,269 46,304,524 78,247,022 316,691 24,137,004 3,840,980 3,885,173 100,632 3,629,813 228,364,182 79,816 260,588,226 115,813,868 12,976,846 4,306,000 6,446,660 2,772,767 64,473,336 130,889,170 32,606,482 49,624,648 42,971,741 7,567,894 4,604,421 19,427,362 414,137,808 6,498,146 6,025,821 1,231,472 7,568,465 9,057,171 10,640,903 5,060,246 22,663,711 51,933,138 12,698,387 160,120,215 Fuel and rent of power. Dollars. 647,032 12,482,370 184,861 2,749,760 109,739 20,271,662 117,349 454, 161 11,203,672 13,499 346,299 64,219 122,591 32, 121 38,956 1,667,608 10,196 1,756,814 706,735 280,232 64,832,328 118,918 80,066 2,897,371 337,201 649,668 633,732 28,466 147,019 169, 171 17,464,732 178,802 217,206 38,373 617,234 190,768 73,789 155,041 271,012 4,771,997 539,608 4,607,861 Value of products. Dollars. 38,576,665 514,041,225 10,494,953 194,775,669 30,519,587 101, 756; 444 402,060 51,744,779 168,063,602 726,960 35,712,810 9,151,718 11,031,720 1,531,317 5,150,482 458,210,985 637, 728 473,888,364 160,748,766 26,326,162 99,276,020 18,530,840 6,478,196 69,161,000 60,017,320 94,890,599 59,761,486 15,316,252 7,875,407 40,650,702 676,569,115 13,206,785 11,525,033 1,886,129 25,540,987 18,949,638 16,159,839 8,080,118 48,009,654 109,291,636 20,620,336 335,170,194 Value added by- manufac- ture. Dollars. 20,966,991 270,212,618 4,146,174 62,675,510 26,527,511 49,769,646 169,442 4,986,094 68,602,908 396,770 11,229,507 5,256,519 7,023,966 1,398,664 1,581,713 228,179,296 647,716 221,543,314 34,229,163 13,068,084 30,136,692 11,965,262 2,626,373 13,440,897 93,041,722 17,073,637 44,716,383 16,156,013 7,719,892 3,123,967 20,964,169 244,966,676 7,529,837 5,282,006 616,284 17,355,288 9,701,599 5,445,147 2,864,831 25,074,931 62,586,401 7,382,341 180,442,118 520 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND Electroplating Emery and other abrasive wheels. Enameling Engines, steam, gas, and water Engravers' materials Engraving arid diesinking Engraving, steel and copper plate, chiding plate printing. Engraving, wood Envelopes Explosives. Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified.. Feathers and plumes Felt goods Fertilizers Files Firearms Fire extinguishers, chemical. Fireworks Flags and banners Flavoring extracts Flax and hemp, dressed Flour-mill and gristmill products. . riNANCIAl, STATISTICS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Food preparations, not elsewhere speci- fied Foundry and machine-shop products Foundry supplies Fuel, manufactured Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's . Furniture Furs, dressed Galvanizing Gas and electric fixtures . , Gas, illuminating and heating Gas machines and gas and water meters.. Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting. Gloves and mittens, leather Glucose and starch Glue, not elsewhere specified Gold and silver, leaf and foil Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore Graphite, ground and refined Grease and tallow, not including lubri- cating greases Grindstones Haircloth Hair work Hammocks Hand stamps Hardware [,[ Hardware, saddlery .._ Hat and cap materials Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool Bats, fur-felt Hats, straw Hats, wool-lelt Hones and whet stones 479 49 77 446 13 72 90 111 493 239 53 784 48 29 27 41 87 424 16 10,788 1,559 10,640 57 14 1,322 651 3,192 96 48 460 '1,284 123 348 635 352 89 67 79 78 11 369 14 19 205 14 277 539 68 580 224 149 30 16 Capital. Dollars. 2,842,022 8,224,362 2,127,973 131,080,145 351, 666 1,865,298 19,078,645 246,268 15.830,396 71,351,414 11,878,851 6,396,542 20,284,048 217,064,890 11,326,666 15,610,809 674, 765 2, 162, 449 1,843,357 6,616,771 234,619 380,257,420 91,038,643 1,246,042,694 2,814,124 1,770,550 29,677,371 27, 887, 726 267, 884, 783 2, 489, 888 4,415,885 27, 628, 569 1,252,421,584 17,821,544 153,925,876 11,310,478 17,080,398 43,642,343 17,162,362 1,173,621 4, 406, 668 3,059,226 18,928,178 1,979,047 2, 946, 244 2, 542, 686 60S, 194 2, 272, 589 92,301,999 6, 353, 299 6,417,072 6, 846, 996 39,401,429 12, 588, 764 2, 60S, 839 499,030 Expenses. Services. OfBcials. Clerks. Dollars. 279,764 287,534 85,960 2,901,979 44,968 136, 116 899,494 60,593 674,971 1, 164, 232 712,013 336,697 566, 190 3, 192, 611 242,480 341, 861 69, 711 104,479 163, 890 649, 932 10,680 7,517,711 3,452,175 40, 685, 162 168,546 14, 773 944,363 1,357,202 10, 710, 170 181, 235 157, 266 1,477,694 5, 772, 900 713,349 3,693,498 720, 895 682, 877 621, 856 367, 769 62,695 166,853 94,625 617, 513 36, 536 66,537 109, 392 22,006 228, 723 3, 295, 591 220,057 140, 844 396, 838 985, 254 889, 113 103,966 15, 8.59 Wage earners. Dollars. Dollars, 101,046 1,712,922 610,575 1,490,898 48,424 4,263,367 28,231 91, 159 -978,231 48,943 646,322 2, 143, 103 1,021,024 492,836 527,961 4,049,831 222,349 367, 686 150,422 65, 810 178, 923 989, 920 4,650 8,852,430 5, 963, 984 43, 818, 948 177, 739 16,008 1, 839, 081 2,299,800 9, 877, 630 90, 769 213, 415 1,870,650 11, 756, 120 1,029,173 2,855,406 592, 331 817,458 1,318,277 414,360 63, 619 160,222 147, 165 411,586 25,354 42,090 162, 470 27, 711 224,994 4,039,992 133,964 121, 837 627,416 944, 197 877, 830 43, .588 in,017 649,388 21,420,737 73,391 1,075,721 4,526,684 310,318 3,378,184 4, 488, 288 3, 666, 900 1,988,004 2,089,243 10,632,006 2,135,436 5,067,053 200,096 616,279 689, 975 688,790 45,271 24,593,162 10,866,380 244,146,380 300, 776 111,774 6,334,661 8,415,480 71,815,916 922,966 922,264 6,504,160 26,801,664 3, 309, 631 48, 655, 819 4,670,370 4,568,360 3, 549, 565 1,863,548 498,273 390,865 181, 125 3,512,085 322,812 290,280 680, 815 119, 472 847, 727 22, 683; 132 1,248,441 804,246 4,507,521 12,070,812 5,253,028 .599, 578 63,902 GENERAL TABLES. 521 POWER AND FUEL, FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. FINANCIAL STATISTICS— continued. Expenses— Continued. Value of products. Value added by manufac- ture. Contract work. Rent and taxes. Materials. Rent ot factory. Taxes, including internal revenue and cor- poration income. Total. Principal materials. Fuel and rent of power. Dollars. 8,640 1,221 Dollars. 255,766 25,392 Dollars. 12,323 89,330 Dollars. 1,335,662 3,006,472 Dollars. 1,188,078 2,738,133 Dollars. 147,584 268,339 Dollars. 4,773,309 7,129,741 Dollars. 3,437,647 4,123,269 98 99 6,268 145,921 26,301 328,017 12,106 223,644 384,365 9,666 641,899 2,518 8,223 87,144 969,514 31,460,227 660,669 696,107 3,914,608 891,784 30,259,362 641,896 658,774 3,775,764 77,730 1,200,865 8,763 37,333 138,744 2,165,682 72,121,112 768,258 3,133,791 13,786,385 1,196,068 40,660,885 217,599 2,537,684 9,871,877 100 101 in'> 16,428 267,207 103 104 9,370 22,842 7,645 170,131 39,820 27,716 236,689 14,129 394,327 339,388 644 86,231 308,003 47,413 12,522 96,384 10,234,841 26,626,539 8,428,916 6,102,615 94,326 10,102,533 24,735,846 8,286,375 6,068,118 2,068 132,308 890, 693 142,641 34, 397 719,234 18,481,013 41,432,970 17,658,770 11,460,521 622,850 8,246,172 16,806,431 9,229,854 5,348,006 106 106 107 108 109 4,121 192,859 2,212 9,223 292,401 22,037 11,647 19,049 116,761 979,016 55,440 98,086 3,216 8,308,270 107,964,644 1,595,225 2,669,618 673,976 8,034,954 106,072,835 1,390,513 2,471,788 564,856 273,316 1,881,809 204,712 197, 830 9,119 13,692,765 163,196,152 5, 608, 157 10,543,753 1,297,723 6,384,495 45,241,508 4,012,932 7,874,135 723,748 110 111 112 113 3,068 114 ■ 13,200 8,904 2,070 9,446 87,816 209,013 1,532 1,267,806 11,400 6,400 45,750 1,748 2,540,676 1,206,006 1,750,094 6,308,403 185, 247 752,270,021 1,185,605 1,729,438 6,253,766 180,719 744,489,872 20,401 20,656 54,637 4,528 7,780,149 2,296,236 3,601,310 11,380,423 282,648 877,679,709 1,090,230 1,851,216 6,072,020 97, 401 126,409,688 115 116 117 lis 115,447 119 149,498 2,666,348 2,299 111 242,253 849,783 5,384,047 22,722 4,293 1,668,591 671,242 7,507,862 15,747 7,011 106,851 153,760,673 358,121,781 997,315 609,068 23,847,402 151,513,598 338, 828, 397 939,838 517,261 23,700,957 2,236,975 19,293,384 67,497 91,807 146,445 219,332,669 866,544,677 2,012,896 862,904 43,632,693 66,582,086 508,422,896 1,015,681 263,836 19,786,291 120 121 122 123 124 1,134,951 1,097,695 69, 359 2,899 66,976 684,600 2,659,822 89,836 31,680 620,430 90,590 1,788,549 9,928 31,392 122,027 31,593,442 121,486,496 906,036 6,292,804 14,089,527 31,398,218 118, 326, 784 837,013 6,186,654 13,741,994 195,224 3,159,712 69,023 106, 150 347,533 62,453,338 265,706,763 2,876,036 8,480,109 28,739,937 20,869,896 144,219,267 1,969,000 2,187,305 14,660,410 126 126 127 128 129 551,760 13,611 150, 185 56,489 927,164 2,489,978 51,606 138,237 346,029 134,010 10,898,991 112,213 743,985 52, 189 59, 759 76,779,288 6,118,471 46,016,504 7,142,609 12,170,694 22,885,096 6,940,332 36,081,676 6,936,106 12,060,980 63,894,193 178, 139 10,934,928 207,503 109,714 220,237,790 16,183,916 123,085,019 16,446,839 21,614,109 143,458,502 9,066,445 77,068,615 9,303,230 9,443,415 130 131 132 133 134 16,394 23,948 8,371 9,369 70,608 21,489 208, 160 96,289 6,796 40,207,592 9, 367, 922 1,462,429 38,862,537 8,641,662 1,437,494 1,345,055 726, 270 14,935 52,615,401 13,732,824 2,432,145 12,407,809 4,364,902 979,716 135 136 137 2,190 1.321 63,674 3,661 24, 016 16,006 25,709,133 723, 190 25,620,310 644,914 88,823 78,276 28,687,668 1,724,330 2,878,426 1,001,140 138 139 65,312 6,694 2,913 21,269 5,570 283,964 2,060 26,936 162,977 11,160 123,982 7; 711 8,225 9,111 2,218 17,060,872 115,588 1,654,006 1,628,942 361, 327 16,076,113 87,758 1,635,448 1,517,406 J157,717 984,759 27,830 18,558 11,537 3,610 24,900,519 683,936 2,395,486 3,334,946 671,476 7,839,647 668,348 741,480 1,806,004 310, 149 140 141 142 143 144 16,614 130,140 1,901 27,220 181,112 330,174 14,543 66,584 11,441 590,366 43, 856 16,377 1,093,147 29,070,638 1,789,944 6,051,867 1,059,598 27,624,724 1,645,621 4,984,516 33,649 1,645,914 144,323 67,341 3,382,793 73, 319, 697 4,039,971 6,929,342 2,289,646 44,249,059 2,250,027 1,877,486 146 146 147 148 109,008 19,825 32,613 100 1,413 441,870 154,926 371,710 26,168 1,365 12,967 169,701 72,224 18,363 3,381 9,267,677 16,947,058 14,085,786 978,339 87,431 9,166,739 16,391,382 13,901,726 929, 837 79,601 100,838 656,676 184,061 48,502 7,830 18,593,221 37, 34?, 744 26,443,501 1,944,484 269,944 9,325,644 20,402,686 11,357,715 966,145 172,513 149 160 161 162 163 i22 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. TABLE 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND rmANCIAL STATISTICS. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Capital. Services. OfBcials. Clerks. Wage earners. Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills Hosiery and knit goods . . House-furnishing goods, specified Ice, manufactured Ink, printing Ink, writiQg not elsewhere Instruments, professional and scientific. Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Iron and steel, cast-iron pipe , Iron and steel, doors and shutters Iron and steel forglngs, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, wrought pipe Ivory, shell, and bone work, not includ- ing combs and hairpins. Japanning Jewelry Jewelry and instrument c Jute goods Labels and tags Lamps and reflectors Lapidary work Lard, not made in slaughtering and meat- packing establishments. Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods, not elsewhere specified. . Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Lime Linen goods Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Lithographing Locomotives, not made by railroad com- panies. Looking-glass and picture frames Lubricatmg greases Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing-miU products, not in- cluding planing mills connected with sawmills. Malt Marble and stone work Matches Mats and matting, from cocoa fiber and grass. 22 1,622 370 2,543 70 54 307 160 427 102 191 64 35 1,914 125 34 108 151 27 378 741 627 21 434 1,250 318 336 19 438 77 27, 229 6,841 4,901 20 12 Dollars. 2,437,449 215,826,340 19,014,157 174,308,511 11,942,807 2, 464, 261 16, 742, 326 462,281,594 1,258,370,594 35,602,329 26, 981, 070 5, 161, 132 36,319,626 7, 883, 371 39,407,625 1,160,422 260, 719 72, 403, 637 2, 187, 328 17, 279, 006 5,696,747 15, 670, 937 3, 613, 288 123, 592 4, 480, 609 5, 035, 955 10, 951, 427 332, 180, 085 34, 123, 948 91,285,028 792,913,659 31,516,366 35, 685, 305 86, 413, 199 8, 049, 164 3,440,131 916, 574, 231 266,804,640 46, 766, 899 118,423,292 11, 736, 187 5, 055, 114 Dollars. 116,339 6,230,416 836,964 3,985,753 939, 451 194, 066 901, 691 2,631,420 13, 769, 813 937, 201 501, 056 238,681 1, 229, 248 296, 540 750,286 70,298 33,805 3,416,406 195,880 314, 001 432,969 679, 167 107, 571 4,080 347, 737 164,372 578, 910 4, 530, 535 817, 146 188,882 1,681, 157 15,443,870 476, 060 2, 192, 010 1, 463, 255 612, 361 235, 342 19,402,433 10,346,390 765, 510 4,202,320 220,670 60,442 Dollars. 92, 175 5,050,619 904,236 1, 719, 858 916,273 339, 143 1,048,656 3,483,157 23, 746, 114 802, 656 635,353 308, 446 764,273 394,247 494,639 56, 762 5,404 3, 908, 146 117,547 201,303 410, 127 666,133 68,185 7,058 253, 752 221,905 859,326 2, 845, 693 473, 119 111,771 1,626,338 11, 557, 821 414, 906 2, 519, 188 1,323,604 565,164 319,937 12,655,087 7, 649, 161 2, 849, 493 832, 345 36, 381 Dollars. 362,435 59,758,161 3,306,516 14,840,591 1,063,959 262, 786 4,652,105 22,780,626 188,142,398 6,960,824 7,075,976 1,537,688 7,487,448 1,607,689 5,750,360 391,338 149,444 18,301,566 1, 093, 672 3,060,010 1,468,777 4,172,884 641,444 12,268 1, 511, 299 406, 614 3,603,866 31,914,497 6, 039, 608 1,386,117 63, 243, 743 1,194,433 11,881,018 11,085,375 2,850,258 281,844 239,976,662 61,949,230 1,827,520 37,960,517 1,767,975 466,247 GENERAL TABLES. 523 POWER AND FUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914^Continued.' .FINANCIAL STATISTICS — Continued. Expenses— Continued. Contract work. Rent and taxes. Rent ol factory. Taxes, including internal revenue and cor- poration income. Materials. Total. Principal materials. Fuel and rent of power. Value ol products. Value added by manufac- ture. Dollars. 40 3,239,695 55,618 136,090 57,739 5,248 129,634 265,108 251,082 88,923 2,672 97,611 41,074 9,332 29,377 1,400 130 431,467 24,051 19,781 78,922 34,329 4,978 10,689 24,553 96,493 1,152,642 110,545 574 283,234 1,336,160 103,152 703,601 15,899 60, 742 31,790,233 1,613,966 37, 104 1,926,851 664 21,230 Dollars. 6,966 1,264,288 260,706 691,803 72, 745 38, 148 258,408 493,781 612,844 43,342 7,363 38,644 91,487 26,847 12,571 31,203 19,066 1,548,798 110,072 27,590 138,666 154, 123 85,077 360 57,116 14,299 350,207 713,733 62,271 322,506 1,163,937 191,656 911,518 600 406,047 36, 177 814, 436 1,891,120 70,757 918, 633 7,661 5,928 Dollars. 23,951 1,091,309 111,394 1,486,180 69,033 17,994 84, 421 2, 443, 736 5,450,743 221, 704 159,863 24,968 215,224 64,465 136,377 4,631 313,920 9,392 137,211 22,010 112,725 2,661 471 38,752 52,934 40,894 1,492,290 163,576 71,223 147,261,065 75,010,872 715, 969 193, 418 416,825 38,520 23,688 11,488,054 1,925,425 336,702 701, 193 85,874 37,537 Dollars. 689,674 146,687,458 17,390,886 17,755,004 6,805,874 1,236,227 5,581,722 264,580,060 590,825,692 12,912,649 16,930,141 1,995,886 14,610,897 3,594,319 26,295,788 958,051 94,584 39, 116, 136 1,449,848 12,579,840 2,907,876 8,012,371 3,940,761 101,624 1,342,720 6,048,426 10,632,124 284,245,420 7,557,670 4,289,104 40,996,781 129,724,396 9, 489, 428 14,017,181 23,546,118 4, 468, 492 2, 767, 165 281,951,873 184,227,441 39, 198, 931 37,802,335 5,201,598 1,170,214 Dollars. 636,917 144,000,501 17,186,258 6,414,635 6,636,081 1,222,063 5,392,453 176,993,468 635,377,888 12,217,585 15,583,909 1,952,594 12, 782, 435 3, 463, 015 25,311,323 937,713 82, 762 38,652,565 1,415,319 12,413,857 2,840,003 7,817,117 3,923,048 99, 618 1,260,796 5,981,425 10,534,390 280,488,394 4,023,293 4,151,646 39,164,260 119,254,378 9,360,763 13,667,502 22,355,528 4,366,846 2, 728, 713 277,900,505 181,378,022 38,054,049 34,978,153 5,093,452 1,147,125 Dollars. 52,657 2,686,957 204,628 11,340,469 169, 793 14, 164 189,269 ,586,592 55,447,804 695,064 1,346,232 43,291 1,828,462 131,304 984,465 20,338 11,822 463,571 34,529 166,983 67,873 195,254 17, 713 2,006 81,924 67,001 97, 734 3,757,026 3,534,377 137, 459 1,832,521 10,470,018 128, 665 349,679 1,190,590 101,646 38, 452 4,051,368 2,849,419 1,144,882 2,824,182 108, 146 Dollars. 1,785,993 258,912,903 26,452,937 60,386,267 13,830,312 2,783,642 17,494,729 317,653,983 918,664,565 23, 403, 405 26,659,365 5,183,602 28,961,457 7,198,600 37,665,229 1,895,812 381,324 81,006,289 3,620,838 16,513,874 6,584,058 16,638,287 5,360,064 146,873 4,589,215 7,430,957 19,333,934 367,201,705 18,390,805 6,959,708 206, 778, 708 442,148,597 16,618,378 39,135,973 43,374,141 11,014,207 4,919,078 715,310,333 307,672,478 48,132,833 107,054,593 12,556,279 2,235,867 Dollars. 1,096,419 112,225,445 9,06^,051 42,631,263 7,024,438 1,547,415 11,913,007 53,073,923 327,838,873 10,490,756 9,729,224 3, 187, 717 14,350,560 3,604,281 11,359,441 937, 761 286, 740 41,890,153 2,170,990 3,934,034 3,676,182 8,625,916 1,419,303 45,249 3,^46,495 1,382,531 8,701,810 •82,956,285 10,833,135 2,670,604 165,781,927 312,424,201 7,128,960 25, 118, 792 19,828,023 6,545,715 2,151,913 433,358,460 123,445,037 8,933,902 69,252,258 7,354,681 1,065,653 524 CENSUS OP manufactures: 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OP PEODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND FINANCIAL STATISTICS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. Expenses. Services. Officials. Clerks. Mattresses and spring beds . Millinery and lace goods... Mineral and soda waters. Minerals and earths, ground Mirrors, framed and unf ramed Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, organs Musical instruments, pianos Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes . Nets and seines Oakum Oil, cottonseed, and cake Oil, essential Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere specified . . Oilcloth and linoleum, floor. Oilcloth, enameled Oleomargarine Optical goods P aints Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. Paper patterns '. Patent medicines and compounds Paving materials Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelltag. Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylogi'aphic Pens, gold Pens, steel Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Phonographs and graphophones . Photo-engraving, not done in printing es- tablishments. Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pickles, preserves, and sauces Pipes, tobacco Plated ware Plumbers' supplies,not elsewhere specified Pooketbooks Pottery Poultry, killing and dressing Printing and publishing, book and job . . . Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Printing materials Pulp goods 1,000 2,079 5,463 244 182 762 78 127 241 85 255 138 49 15 6 882 105 25 181 18 13 17 314 585 718 310 25 2,903 14 55 12 5 496 176 18 87 59 672 47 72 260 64 350 116 12, 116 180 19,317 24 Dollars. 24, 921, 823 63, 100, 601 53,232,646 27, 439, 441 6,617,304 5, 634, 250 18, 134, 950 3, 649, 980 3,867,787 8,042,406 101, 746, 424 21, 200, 965 9,424,203 2,678,351 494,572 118,073,076 1,616,682 39,872,712 27,630,468 20,292,210 7, 748, 968 2,994,334 17,010,783 99, 673, 137 534,624,600 37,809,125 2,611,993 71,436,840 57,431,939 3, 615, 407 10, 669, 721 3, 269, 809 408, 228 870, 601 9, 646, 613 325, 646, 120 33,770,511 7, 703, 210 4,397,279 31,991,180 43,196,381 3,232,454 22,216,362 48,029,113 1, 609, 601 44,704,081 2,281,553 247, 282, 409 4,260,844 384,744,761 1,770,980 6,862,155 Dollars. 1,417,181 2, 864, 708 2,260,491 621, 669 383, 861 501, 635 639, 187 262, 086 222, 869 259,312 2,596,196 886, 237 308, 408 55,201 14, 165 3,701,838 67, 359 364,709 1, 162, 621 269, 119 153, 177 202, 602 1,125,447 3,633,934 7,753,965 1,661,034 130, 230 6,598,258 1, 652, 999 194,004 223,942 176, 948 36,849 60, 632 1,000,867 2, 699, 672 791, 668 1,342,313 252, 226 944, 846 1, 476, 221 95,378 688, 302 1,693,929 101, 664 1,622,061 102, 887 17, 419, 133 437,131 29,082,222 Dollars. 1, 273, 239 4, 483, 994 1, 843, 871 256,285 278, 161 243,459 635,333 195, 861 162,328 264, 467 2, 114, 644 363, 769 289,730 26,593 4,626 2,217,918 37,976 561,408 1,300,272 341, 121 182,900 294, 961 1, 293, 517 5, 972, 627 6,164,221 2,300,325 626,303 7,766,113 862,346 109,014 515, 918 444, 762 28,610 33,948 1,467,648 5, 192, 756 1,637,501 1, 277, 576 242,237 1,721,656 3, 489, 888 90,821 1,177,322 1,935,823 137, 228 1,084,296 132,937 17, 586, 403 893,756 61,937,601 192,060 119,018 192,614 174,676 Dollars. 6,723,372 21, 546, 137 8, 863, 654 2, 485, 264 1, 967, 811 3, 103, 061 4, 738, 760 398, 814 1,160,512 1,993,415 15,704,679 6,664,557 2,606,611 378, 741 49,305 8,489,692 133,272 1, 127, 169 1,363,301 2,604,368 608,947 683, 692 4,649,406 8,315,223 63,245,639 6,849,761 577,285 6,676,168 11,184,030 569,409 1,944,376 717, 633 174, 209 243,043 1,279,899 19,397,466 6,341,495 6,166,638 1,289,092 4,250,212 5,788,825 1,188,411 5,000,381 11,703,328 702,314 16,666,330 622, 278 78, 413, 700 572, 985 8S, 561, 248 340,041 GENERAL TABLES. . 525 POWER AND FUEL, FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. FINANCIAL STATISTICS— continued. Expenses— Continued. Contract work. Dollars. 99,644 1,919,758 49,051 60,896 19,218 31,491 60,127 7,643 14,601 12,444 276,470 21,284 40,571 1,233 32,604 1,500 10,242 31,793 9,247 73,637 639,626 20,876 11,944 175,617 408,604 1,884 13,196 102,726 428 364 19,407 502,661 230,504 63,527 600 6,249 14,116 20,831 43,106 2,931 17,658,478 1,661,812 20,960,718 4,629 22,549 Kent and taxes. Rent of factory. Dollars, 701,198 2,694,660 1,062,422 79,370 173,962 351,671 100,413 52,021 97, 184 27,791 845, 160 277, 699 161, 186 10,372 1,695 64, 126 4,838 12, 139 187,446 6,062 1,287 134,316 348,630 638,393 1,120,390 395, 177 48,546 1,224,971 349,468 33,797 23,235 64,934 14,985 3,750 380,042 108,763 32,457 531,937 82,148 41,669 388,825 69,183 56,348 259,482 45,218 42,664 30,242 9,000,930 226,704 8,155,122 83,682 8,101 Taxes, including internal revenue and cor- poration income. Dollars. 174, 784 156, 172 492, 402 92, 707 36, 477 26,079 179, 164 26,548 31,524 40,240 447,626 133, 990 61,188 21,764 2,173 1,031,616 9,268 ■128,465 150,261 74,749 33, 717 494, 023 93,688 674, 896 3,372,663 928, 117 15,859 642, 106 279,544 26, 173 63,720 9,946 1,418 4,793 122, 812 2,553,799 121,484 38,633 14,935 254,157 237,373 10,688 118,297 234,860 8,014 271,662 21, 113 1,277,737 20,241 2,661,164 11,629 28,877 Materials. Total. Dollars. ■22, 399, 153 67, 676, 921 26, 779, 476 4,561,428 6,013,970 2,045,327 10,927,664 3,338,082 1,022,584 2,659,980 29,091,046 9,601,766 3,241,657 2,257,093 235, 141 180,976,413 1,564,835 39,666,408 26,420,275 11, 251, 876 6,623,987 10,257,480 6,605,648 71,588,364 213, 181, 286 28, 120, 244 626,311 36,940,434 14,162,839 12,671,391 4,664,000 1,614,145 301, 893 117, 113 7,464,786 326,264,509 7,048,040 2,798,132 1,535,405 10, 003, 976 35, 672, 506 2,308,246 8,304,039 18,669,833 1,783,840 12,031,556 11,205,603 96,463,232 1,046,630 129,082,218 763,212 2,191,276 Principal materials Dollars. 22, 006, 452 57, 034, 125 26, 087, 344 3,837,022 6,899,714 1,914,983 10, 678, 434 3,277,389 971, 177 2,685,078 28,533,989 9,249,013 3,132,980 2,236,082 227, 187 176,965,963 1,534,363 39, 183, 980 26, 072, 843 10,722,669 6,401,365 10, 180, 848 6,452,624 70,238,038 188, 919, 938 27,523,420 604, 229 35,419,652 12, 064, 102 12,511,006 4,468,277 1,590,220 296, 669 109, 127 7, 414, 728 311, 697, 225 6,744,728 2,581,459 1,490,003 9,738,182 35, 224, 698 2,259,024 8, 069, 702 17,556,796 1,768,580 9,266,997 11, 142, 113 93,234,002 1,026,430 124,557,236 739, 132 1,944,963 Fuel and rent of power. Dollars. 392, 701 641,796 692, 132 724, 406 114,256 130,344 249, 220 60,693 61, 407 • 74,902 557,056 252,763 108,677 21,011 7,954 4, 010, 450 30,482 371,428 347,432 629,307 122, 622 76, 632 152, 924 1,350,326 24,261,348 596, 824 22,082 520, 882 2,098,737 95,723 23,925 5,234 7,986 50,068 13,567,284 303,312 216, 673 45,402 265,794 447, 808 49,222 234, 337 1,113,037 16, 260 2,764,569 63,490 3, 219, 230 20, 200 4,524,983 24,080 246,323 Value of products. Dollars. 38,716,764 114, 160, 462 68,401,462 10,307,114 10, 189, 431 8,604,695 22,234,262 5,694,559 3,624,667 6, 297, 348 62,776,035 19,875,762 7,890,879 3,088,042 358,534 212, 127, 024 2,313,606 44, 882, 638 38,040,152 17,602,336 7,996,025 16,079,784 18, 187, 965 112,408,742 332, 147, 175 48,871,461 3,026,022 102,463,374 35,678,064 14,996,369 8,328,418 6,866,074 642,461 513, 498 16, 899, 101 396,361,406 27, 115, 916 15,358,604 4, 273, 162 34,768,364 60, 914, 532 4,220,084 18,484,235 43,385,888 3,350,562 36,942,606 12,916,608 307,330,861 7, 271, 266 495,905,948 2,110,814 4,482,981 Value added by manufac- ture. Dollars. 16,317,611 56,484,541 31,621,986 5, 745, 686 4,175,461 6,569,368 11, 306, 608 2,356.477 2,602,083 3, 637, 368 33, 683, 990 10,373,996 4,649,222 830, 949 123, 393 31,160,611 748, 771 5,327,130 11,619,877 6,-350,460 1,472,038 4, 822, 304 11,582,417 40,820,378 118,965,889 20, 751, 217 2,399,711 66,522,940 21,615,215 2,424,978 3, 764, 418 6,250,929 340,568 396,385 9,434,315 71,096,897 20,067,876 12,660,472 2, 737, 767 24, 764, 388 25,242,026 1, 911, 838 10, 180, 196 24,716,055 1,666,712 24,911,050 1, 711, 005 210,877,629 6,224,636 366,823,730 1,347,602 247 2,291,705 248 526 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTRES : 1914. TABLE 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND Pulp wood Pumps,not including power pumps , Pumps, steam and other power Refrigerators Regalia and society badges and emblems Rice, cleaning and polishing Roofing materials — Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified Rules, ivory and wood Saddlery and harness Safes and vaults Salt Sand and emery paper and cloth , Sand-lime brick Sausage, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments Saws Scales and balances . . . Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing-machine cases. Sewing machines and attachments Shipbuilding, iron and steel Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building Shirts Show cases Signs and advertisine novelties... Silt goods, including throwsters.. Silversmithing and silverware Slaughtering and meat packing . . Smelting and refining, copper. " ,a Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not from the ore. Soda-water apparatus Sporting and athletic goods Springs, steel, car and carriage, not made in steel works or rolling mills , Stamped and enameled ware, not else- where specified Stationery goods, not elsewhere specffied! Statuary and art goods Steam fittings and steam and hot-water heating apparatus Steam packing Stencils and brands Stereotyping and electrotyping FINANCIAL STATISTICS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Stoves and hot-air furnaces Stoves, gas and oil Structural Ironwork, not made in steel works or rolling mills Sugar, beet Sugar, cane 20 96 87 134 138 59 170 301 10 !,551 512 100 1,068 792 132 776 902 108 1,279 37 22 29 84 371 67 162 84 270 189 190 295 149 107 189 438 113 1,235 60 181 Capital. Dollars. 647,350 6,194,272 30,655,598 14,511,158 4, 121, 694 12,626,990 23,645,086 199,183,036 883, 182 45,207,380 9, 359, 733 33, 151, 134 5,278,790 2,184,896 5,201,366 16,860,308 13,894,989 9,762,011 10, 639, 484 6, 425, 153 34, 466, 624 132, 712. 414 23,347,524 50,943,841 4,154,731 21,288,019 210,071,679 27,941,934 534,273,563 171, 419, 795 143,249,321 36,388,438 21, 455, 956 92, 871, 533 10,418,828 8,468,318 11,082,668 68,979,005 18, 186, 164 3,394,192 85,852,925 17, 708, 243 862,904 4, 709, 797 78,523,782 16,646,267 144,092.277 142,181,326 32,996,524 Expenses. Services. Officials. Dollars. 13,022 247,439 764,084 593,933 223,775 260, 461 860, 719 4, 211, 387 31,640 1,295,870 283,135 514, 239 68,231 78,591 240,185 307,606 473, 743 339, 161 208, 852 78,091 741, 869 1,936,266 805, 166 1,706,985 262, 608 1, 409, 268 4, 914, 881 602, 924 6,272,420 1,383,385 778, 620 688, 218 509, 566 1,997,815 310, 180 340,400 519, 179 2,251,398 971,877 186,281 2, 850, 694 794, 216 71,730 596,684 3, 146. 632 683,418 4, 894, 653 1,073,215 361,603 Clerks. Dollars. 7,911 334,699 1, 131, 169 635,300 314. 709 377. 710 1,117,517 8,415,490 55,378 1,863,258 582,503 464, 170 185,398 20,383 262,091 846,477 760,384 245, 156 331,039 101,962 1,112,668 1,650,346 367,031 2, 836, 127 173,344 1,676,336 5,692,024 1,138,789 21,288,603 2, 234, 679 716, 661 788, 630 645, 890 4,693,877 537,631 375,373 338,275 2,615,786 1,807,143 118,209 4,828,744 681,224 60,273 476,426 3,918,856 1,013,323 7,315,553 1,186,434 129,542 Wage earners. Dollars, 195, 170 1, 391, 460 4,163,743 3,572,334 979,963 645,863 2,642,136 31,278,756 223, 772 7,995,612 1,860,203 3,041,294 359, 201 321,966 1,607,426 3,019,497 2,933,696 2,309,634 1,960,498 2,230,181 8,860,843 25,165,792 7,765,364 19,169,697 1,466,223 5,933,044 47,108.469 4,795,347 62,136,772 16,149,251 6,134,274 6,699,620 1,884,325 1,661,246 2,770,891 2,601,848 16,242,586 3,791,012 1,582,746 16,737,879 2,524,503 300,981 3,001,369 20,777,272 5,088,216 33,428,913 6,606,204 1,561,376 GENERAL TABLES. 527 POWER AND FUEL, FOB THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Contmued. FINANCIAL sTATisTica— continued. Expenses — Continued. (Contract worlt. Dollars. 33,904 34,088 97,023 46,397 22,030 79,497 368,611 4,672 114,945 36,233 59,663 5,715 1,896 1,223 36,934 1,202 101 6,765 442,135 89,644 6,973,892 5,820 666,478 14,650,762 33,726 278,421 168, 196 10,258 47,775 11,247 48,916 10,750 83,070 881 305' 517 82,473 45,664 178,763 34,140 4,980 54,705 136,780 34,344 1,964,917 247,657 11,988 Rent and taxes. Rent of factory. Dollars. 31,639 69, 174 74,839 80,866 14,447 91,641 281,990 1,627 847,305 17,503 38,403 8,944 7,689 151,570 42,449 70,447 43,791 6,808 25,850 123,487 293,262 1,069,646 94,628 667,646 1,289,008 137,704 1,631,710 298, 137 3,000 31,310 35,304 308,071 85, 470 101,683 94,487 339, 941 228,047 107,925 433,935 101,833 56,962 318,960 252,961 211,806 664, 146 70,000 30,087 Taxes, including internal revenue and cor- poration Dellars. 5,718 48,492 145,508 120,494 37, 717 68,775 136,931 1,433,696 9,431 337,927 42,351 140,938 22,232 13, 631 49,836 72,673 76,615 73,535 99,662 61,684 247,273 545,478 160,917 128,234 29, 232 96,366 742,889 132,481 2,879,425 1,181,442 335,994 213, 382 133, 899 713,463 69,067 46,799 82,144 423,927 102,746 18,013 620, 732 81,484 7,637 18,922 576,695 139,254 773, 102 737,223 233,733 Materials. Total. Dollars. 333, 532 2,765,270 6,693,474 7,343,392 2,205,068 20,615,860 17,604,944 126,111,673 187, 171 33,086,442 2,646,836 6,273,030 2,686,530 350, 484 17,291,623 4,714,186 3,174,467 3,057,968 2,350,166 2,840,781 7,368,664 29,269,727 9,327,243 50,664,974 2,248,276 9,058,788 144,442,321 8,276,606 1,441,662,668 379,157,030 154,014,765 39,572,687 31,260,707 3,883,076 6,951,870 6,142,927 32,472,230 10,762,628 26, 921, 102 8, 175, 630 332, 416 2,254,926 23,801,786 10, 163, 185 87,621,537 41, 399, 361 15,968,218 Principal materials. Dollars. 333,632 2,701,247 6,426,052 7,211,298 2, 178, 889 20,524,272 17,005,781 123,367,668 172,082 32,799,899 2,647,627 4,466,467 2,600,836 267,487 17,048,204 4,424,929 3,016,139 2,892,085 2,176,894 2,805,712 - 7,026,724 28,097,467 9,081,146 50,148,636 2,183,534 8,876,718 142, 119, 637 8,078,866 1,433,321,900 366, 686, 113 150, 131, 176 36,456,733 30,394,027 87,247,953 3,806,837 6,836,185 6,668,763 31,059,347 10,613,037 804,886 25,487,607 7,701,022 321,313 2,017,233 22,720,220 9,954,033 85, 790, 314 38,672,836 14,806,608 Fuel and rent of power. Dollars. 64,023 267, 422 132,094 20, 179 91,588 699,163 2,744,005 ■ 15,089 286,643 98,208 1,817,673 86,696 82,997 243,419 289,257 158,328 165,883 174,263 331,940 1,172,270 246,098 616,439 64,742 182,070 2,322,684 196,641 8,340,758 13,471,917 3,883,589 4,115,864 866,680 1,618,833 76, 239 116, 686 474, 164 1,412,883 149,691 37,403 1,433,495 474, 608 11, 102 237,693 1,081,565 199, 162 1,831,223 2,726,525 1,161,610 Value of products. Dollars. 631,257 6,360,411 17,864,311 15,051,794 6,026,451 23,039,294 27,977,913 223,610,784 634,242 53,558,612 7,256,792 14,070,333 4,328,127 994, 199 22,013,606 12,517,165 9,733,721 7,247,602 6,216,940 6,845,663 21,391,917 66,216,692 22,465,379 96,815,013 6,233,225 24,792,210 254,011,257 19,786,317 1,651,966,424 444,021,958 171,578,587 63,538,398 39, 902, 114 127,942,441 8,781,437 13,234,677 11,594,992 66, 121, 301 21,903,066 3,909,669 63,922,434 14,212,595 1,102,657 8, 154, 171 67,941,106 21,448,932 159, 377, 857 62,606,210 21,635,373 Value added by manufac- ture. Dollars. 297, 726 3, 585, 141 11, 170, 837 7,708,402 2,820,383 2, 423, 434 10,372,909 97,499,111 447,071 20,472,170 4,610,957 7,797,303 1,641,597 643,716 4,721,883 7,802,979 6,559,254 4,189,634 3,866,784 3,004,882 14,033,253 36,946,965 13, 138, 136 45,150,039 2,984,949 15,733,422 109,668,936 11,610,811 210,302,766 64,864,928 17,563,822 13,965,811 8, 651, 407 39,075,656 4,898,361 6, 282, 807 6,452,066 32,649,071 11,140,438 3,067,280 37,001,332 6,036,965 770, 142 5,899,245 44,139,321 11,296,747 71,'756,320 21,205,849 6,677,155 528 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. TABLE 2aO.-CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 raDUSTBT. Sugar, refining Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids Surgical appliances Suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods Theatrical scenery FINANCIAL STATISTICS. Num- ber of estalD- lish- ments. Tinfoil Tin plate and temeplate Tinware, not elsewhere specified Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes Tools, not elsewhere specified Toys and games Trunks and valises Turpentine and rosin Type founding Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes Upholstering materials, not elsewhere specified. Varnishes Vault lights and ventilators Vinegar and cider Wall paper, not made in paper nulls Wall plaster Washmg machines and clothes wringers. Waste Watch and clock materials . Watch cases Watches Wlieelbarrows Wlups Windmills Window and door screens and weather strips, ndov Window shades and fixtures Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable, not elsewhere specified. Wood carpet Wood distiHation, not including turpen- tine and rosin. Wood preserving Wood, turned and carved Wooden goods, not elsewhere specified . . Wool pulling Wool scouring Wool shoddy Woolen and worsted goods. All other industries ^ 18 32 238 216 7 14 31 294 436 13,515 661 290 561 1,394 31 107 265 179 215 45 618 48 165 111 73 25 31 15 21 40 31 220 286 54 652 95 Capital. Dollars. 140,499,819 35,233,806 11, 883, 283 16,343,686 265, 570 3,348,768 26,847,389 118,218,418 131,857,895 171,982,357 47,618,493 10,483,843 18,670,817 20, 744, 872 5,516,662 30,988,048 9,469,496 15,878,593 29,860,798 1,064,471 8,054,609 17,619,896 29,610,972 7,298,067 10,668,037 1,296,290 11, 220, 024 36,388,700 947,068 3,049,736 6,426,729 9,354,608 11,625,919 64,013,668 38,608,819 147,014 17,662,849 Expenses. 20,154,830 828 17,836,242 274 10,439,768 34 64 799 3,634,203 3,493,474 6,420,986 389,652,678 3,481,091 Services. Officials. Clerks. Dollars. 1,308,973 462,839 612,065 762, 638 66,834 106,489 327, 489 1,692,619 1,899,888 6,230,998 1,687,970 603,871 1,031,829 1,077,569 150,906 1,162,963 310,217 496,609 1,830,583 149,606 289,491 609, 684 719,276 293, 193 367,190 51,983 199,924 406,948 64, 703 100,718 220,690 349,698 398,002 1,129,383 1,507,096 12,348 304, 940 555,912 780,148 365,968 92,637 102,878 198, 697 6,379,924 69,615 Wage earners. Dollars. 1,193,247 407,361 1,066,341 892, 836 14,691 49,282 431,181 1,849,896 6,854,476 9,138,178 1,710,307 391,164 1,134,462 366,846 246,722 2,259,087 728,330 426,034 2,751,689 96,094 298, 264 908,143 866,080 406,882 196,693 30,073 212,674 464,977 33,893 301,579 285,162 326,952 680,107 1,848,896 1,367,021 16,392 98, 249 386,979 342,739 253,224 50,769 68,676 88,360 4,166,492 26, 796 Dollars. 7,823,377 2,212,647 2,211,246 4, 276, 126 89,359 527,443 3,924,447 12,217,359 9,549,702 68,306,398 10,216,885 3,498,866 5,540,157 8,582,970 665,861 6,966,466 2,167,463 2,143,667 1,865,065 466,977 712,667 2,703,175 3,453,450 1,220,882 1,190,613 379,614 1,938,368 7,624,146 199,043 559,448 1,252,330 1,894,267 2,180,585 11,020,729 6,719,222 165,854 1,664,822 1,784,690 6,645,399 2,767,369 452,190 616,593 1,056,114 76,963,444 234,759 1 Includes: Millstones, 2 establishments; ordnance and accessories, 2; pulp, from fiber other than wood, 3; whalebone cutting, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 529 POWER AND FUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. FINANCUL STATISTICS— continued. Expenses— Continued. Contract work. Dollars. 20,270 6,315 36,902 236,543 760 2,000 89,629 40,898 231,469 97,903 69, 768 8,969 632, 143 2,117 10,183 19,939 4,689 17,965 17,057 31,911 86, 371 13,915 3,319 35,240 1,400 45 1,345 37,152 26,815 10,485 17,410 87,468 3,146 72,260 22,216 85,469 133,963 16,621 9,889 1,570 2,110,753 Rent and taxes. Rent of factory. Dollars. 276, 696 30,700 152,647 176,024 5,009 21,238 900 342, 328 165. 530 2,778,300 275,718 161, 136 632, 202 15, 630 51, 729 148,483 264, 828 91,499 122,994 27, 953 49, 120 129,303 95,055 55,758 74,391 9,153 21,292 1,536 15,511 27,608 24,336 57,327 179,030 53,929 316,357 11,380 18,409 48,496 138, 305 61, 847 19,092 19,720 21, 582 676,989 3,993 Taxes, including internal revenue and cor- poration Income. Dollars. 666, 372 186,678 68,967 120,912 1,09? 15,847 140,887 421,724 36,844,901 43,737,554 424,674 66, 994 131,581 176, 397 ,22,284 124, 160 23,500 83,527 211,087 6,415 49, 143 72, 123 130,437 47, 996 76, 648 12,676 31,086 268, 795 8,922 22, 167 49,341 67,078 74,383 691,555 245,361 496 128, 124 100, 163 127, 809 88, 374 16, 737 24,669 44,175 2, 667, 223 13,990 Materials. Total. Dollars. 264,085,358 6,734,428 7,097,532 15, 191, 194 124,577 3,671,815 67,906,561 53, 840, 817 76,604,059 130, 629, 525 12,235,269 5,779,494 13,626,457 5, 636, 661 901,331 6,601,036 8, 591, 867 10,796,288 16,877,393 958,754 4,440,452 8,636,255 7, 992, 749 4, 148, 481 16,237,633 342, 621 4,001,596 2,669,511 429, 480 1,340,943 , 2,555,121 4, 260, 569 11,888,669 66, 424, 494 24,113,708 308, 328 6,496,670 16,059,764 9,165,720 4, 952, 335 6,632,101 3,176,438 6,299,903 246,496,666 454, 297 Principal materials. Dollars. 260, 100, 198 6,083,199 6,949,360 15, 019,747 122, 387 3,626,315 57,696,637 53,156,760 76, 105, 124 129,847,897 11,378,257 6,644,137 13,464,342 6,431,509 863, 201 6,272,817 8, 498, 855 10, 551, 488 16,635,489 947,840 4,328,970 8,335,360 6,883,162 4,097,110 15,092,482 320,367 3,937,508 2, 672, 302 417, 381 1, 322, 182 2,488,624 4, 198, 199 11,733,356 64, 611, 322 23,666,846 300,880 5,471,091 16,733,396 8,989,057 4,876,458 6,681,626 3, 069, 866 6, 067, 884 239, 293, 135 431, 579 Fuel and rent of power. Dollars. 3,985,160 661, 229 148, 172 171, *47 2,190 45,500 309,924 684,067 498,935 681, 628 857,012 136, 357 161,116 104,052 38, 130 228,219 93, 012 244,800 241,904 10,914 111,482 200,905 1,109,587 61,371 145, 151 22, 264 64,087 97,209 12,099 18,761 66,597 62, 370 165,213 1,813,172 466, 862 7,448 1,024,479 326, 368 176, 663 76, 877 50,475 116, 572 232,019 7,203,531 22, 718 Value of products. Dollars. 289,398,715 15,215,474 14,919,984 24,432,763 326, 965 6,067,967 68,342,962 81,930,880 175,280,925 314,884,297 33,892,511 13, 756, 748 26,471,627 20, 990, 191 2,319,781 24,499,667 13,813,353 16, 491, 656 33,214,949 2,061,061 7,810,892 16, 887, 123 16,644,475 7, 599, 802 17,600,093 1,014,649 7,830,987 14,276,279 941,872 3,161,910 5,496,591 9,167,288 17,444,120 81,841,012 41,789,394 657,247 9,882,637 21,054,857 19,046,579 10,162,236 8,272,721 4, 666, 412 7,706,843 379,484,379 1,103,739 Value added by manufac- ture. Dollars. 26, 313, 367 8,481,046 7,822,452 9,241,659 202,388 1,396,152 10,436 401 28,090,063 98, 676, 866 184, 354, 772 21,657,242 7,977,254 12, 846, 070 15, 454, 630 1, 418, 460 18,998,631 5,221,486 5,696,268 16, 337, 656 1,092,297 3, 370, 440 7,360,868 8,551,726 3,461,321 2, 362, 460 671,928 3,829,392 11,605,768 512,392 1,820,967 2,941,470 4, 906, 719 6,656,651 25,416,618 17,675,686 248,919 3, 386, 967 4,995,103 9, 880, 859 5,209,901 1,640,620 1,388,974 2,406,940 132,987,713 649,442 67031°— 17 34 530 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTTRES : 1914. TABLE 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND All industries.. Aeroplanes and parts Agricultural implements Aluminum ware Ammunition Artificial ilowers Artificial limbs Artificial stone products Artists' matei'ials Asbestos products, not in- cluding steam packing. Automobile bodies and parts. Automobile repairing Automobiles Awnings, tents, and sails Babbit metal and solder Bags, other than paper Bags, paper, not mcluding bags made in paper mills. Baking powders and yeast.. . Baskets, and rattan and wil- low ware. BeUs Belting and hose, rubber Belting and hose, woven Belting, leather Billiard tables and materials.. Blacking, stains, and dressings Bluing Bone, carbon, and lamp black. Bookbinding and blaii-book making. Boot and shoe cut stock, ex- clusive of that produced in boot and shoe factories. Boot and shoe findings, ex- clusive of thoseproduced in boot and shoe mctories. Boots and shoes Boots and shoes, rubber Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Boxes, wooden packmg Brass, bronze, and copper products. Bread and other bakery prod- ucts. Brick andtile,terra-cotta,and fire-clay products. Brooms Brushes Butter Butter, reworking Buttons Candles Canning and preserving, fish. . Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. Canning and preserving, oys- ters. Card cutting and designing . . . Cardboard, not made in paper mills. Carpets and rugs, other than rag. Carpets, rag Carriage and wagon materials. Carriages and sleds, children's. Carriages, wagons, and repairs. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTUEING INDUSTRIES. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries. Total. 1,263,153 222 68, 118 5,042 12,715 6,462 866 15, 653 970 1,131 63, 954 17, 673 91,997 7,151 1,686 10,414 4,168 3,601 6,302 604 6,205 1,189 4,263 1,806 2,736 398 437 25, 633 9,309 7,948 210,348 20, 359 6,481 60, 592 42, 218 45, 667 172,682 110,772 7,464 8,661 21,516 389 16,296 489 10,306 58,329 2,296 642 1,383 33, 101 2,900 12, 533 6,487 51, 913 Proprietors and officials. Total. Male. 485,502 29 2,050 87 261 297 185 4,829 70 64 2,273 4,003 2,172 1,282 242 314 166 236 673 34 116 80 326 89 336 83 70 1,801 617 639 4,928 155 396 2,284 2,212 2,096 29,677 6,648 1,249 666 4,337 28 9U 40 644 5,450 118 439 568 820 221 6,763 Fe- male 16,179 33 245 6 20 169 69 60 37 17 15 116 262,599 Propri- etors and firm mem- bers. 431 20 16 240 123 4,089 34 10 700 3,427 60 894 69 100 28 79 415 17 86 60 182 68 17 1,078 231 381 1,090 2 245 734 996 791 28,624 2,721 993 342 2,643 9 636 11 263 60 62 6 72 512 340 63 5,289 Sala- ried offi- cials of cor- pora- tions. 92, 671 11 652 34 38 44 29 336 18 30 669 220 491 209 89 103 76 18 46 40 129 21 97 12 31 437 79 105 1,020 44 76 813 654 642 1,168 1,560 103 160 496 10 192 19 163 700 23 130 229 90 762 Super- in- tend- ents and man- agers. 146,411 10 1,104 33 213 51 40 472 26 26 394 1,627 241 90 115 66 76 100 10 70 28 121 22 77 17 26 373 3,063 114 96 906 722 713 1,860 2,424 181 177 1,376 9 220 10 225 1,307 39 6 21 242 57 268 93 838 Clerks. Male. 636,967 188,168 1 Totals not shown for reasons given in Chapter VIII. 16 6,384 230 701 197 116 351 227 67 2,744 675 7,936 471 291 499 343 832 9 756 108 757 208 468 42 16 1,213 680 7,780 1,056 162 1,733 1,026 2,443 11,412 3,103 431 471 1,836 38 527 35 434 1,903 66 17 80 1,124 116 422 210 2,660 Fe- male. 1,188 111 264 112 69 160 62 36 1,120 396 2,577 263 112 239 141 265 62 13 218 44 219 62 146 15 9 839 277 5,840 456 68 1,095 373 762 6,566 782 114 288 1,116 19 310 27 152 574 19 84 221 49 187 141 1,180 GENEBAL TABLES. 531 POWER AND FUEL, FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914^Continued. PEBaONS ENGAGED m MASTCFACTTJEING INDU3TKIE3 — Continued. Wage earners employed Dec. 5, or nearest representative day Total. 16 years and over. Under 16 years. Both sexes. Male. Fe- male. Both sexes. Male. Fe- male. Both sexes. Male. Fe- male. m « 0) (■) « « m W (') 211 210 1 209 208 1 2 2 49,608 49,103 506 49,524 49,019 606 84 84 4,S60 4,496 364 4,729 4,395 334 131 101 '"36" 14,540 10,077 4,463 14,460 10,034 4,426 80 43 37 5,440 924 4,516 5,175 910 4,265 265 14 251 493 462 31 487 466 31 6 6 12,779 12,763 16 12,765 12,749 16 14 14 ...... 610 499 111 599 489 110 11 10 945 876 70 931 868 63 14 7 7 47,740 46,699 1,041 47,638 46,603 1,035 102 96 6 12,618 12,688 30 12,593 12,563 30 25 25 81,298 80,061 1,237 -81,205 79,971 1,234 93 90 ■■3' 5,066 3,041 2,025 5,009 3,018 1,991 57 23 34 1,013 9,295 963 3,508 60 6,787 1,013 8,938 . 983 3,428 60 6,510 '""357' ■■'io' "277" 3,624 1,869 1,766 3,588 1,840 1,748 36 19 17 2,299 1,529 770 2,297 1,527 770 2 2 4,914 3,803 1,111 4,778 3,706 1,072 136 97 ■■■39' 434 394 40 430 394 36 4 4 5,072 4,376 697 5,066 4,364 692 16 "ii' 5 909 491 418 885 477 -408 24 14 10 3,007 2,936 72 2,976 2,906 70 31 29 2 1,477 1,703 1,439 908 38 795 1,477 1,678 1,439 892 38 786 ""25' ""ie' ""9 259 129 130 246 126 121 13 4 9 381 21,468 376 11,420 6 10,038 381 21,007 376 11,167 6 9,840 "'45i' ""253' "i98' 7,837 5,861 1,986 7,704 5,764 1,940 133 87 46 6,808 4,615 2,193 6,672 4,529 2,143 136 86 50 195,347 126,129 69,218 191,697 124, 148 67,549 3,650 1,981 1,669 20,437 12, 245 8,192 20,167 12,133 8,034 270 112 168 5,840 2,591 3,249 5,628 2,498 3,030 312 93 219 46,166 17,907 27,259 42,968 17,541 25,417 2,208 366 1,842 39,798 37,391 2.407 38,552 36,258 2,294 1,246 1,133 113 39,911 37,372 2,639 39, 661 37,165 2,486 260 207 53 128,119 102,588 26,631 126,688 101,622 25,066 1,431 066 465 114,628 113,267 1,361 113,650 112,336 1,314 978 931 47 6,953 5,365 588 5,628 5,059 669 326 306 19 7,235 5,037 2,198 7,033 4,896 2,138 202 142 60 14.341 13,365 976 14,304 13,331 973 37 34 3 366 15,098 314 9,616 52 5,682 366 14,819 314 9,394 52 5,426 "'279' "i22' "'is?' 379 224 155 349 210 139 30 14 16 16,752 10,484 6,268 16,444 10,297 6,147 308 187 121 166,109 73,764 91,345 156,952 70,646 86,306 8,167 3,118 5,039 3,886 2,076 1,810 3,738 2,020 1,718 148 66 92 658 266 393 614 258 356 44 7 37 1,177 769 408 1,142 737 405 36 32 3 31,448 18,496 12,963 30,797 18,143 12,654 651 362 299 2,226 1,766 460 2,153 1,716 438 73 51 22 10,765 10,497 268 10,712 10,446 266 53 61 2 6,105 6,599 506 6,003 6,614 489 102 86 17 40,468 39,971 487 40,376 39,889 487 82 82 Number of wage earners employed 15th day of— Maximum month. No Fe No De No Ja Je Oo Jy Ap Ap Je Je Jy Oo (■) 211 61,900 5,018 14,677 6,418 494 13,201 641 1,030 62,683 13,200 85, 271 7,072 1,129 .9,951 3,796 My 2,389 Au 5,329 Ja Je Fe Ja> Ja My Se Oc Mh 478 5,274 1,011 3,004 1,661 2,039 272 390 22,636 Fe 8,434 Ja 7,617 Fe 203,135 De 20,398 Se 6,000 Mh 46,683 Je 40,320 Ap 41,971 Oo 126,772 Je 123,877 De Ja Je De Fe Ja 5,809 7,446 15, 782 366 16,832 422 Au 14,629 Se 150,735 No 3,406 De 653 Se 1,215 Mh 33,175 My 2,359 Mh 12,445 Fe 6,211 Ap 44,946 Minimum month. (') Je 144 Se 35,208 Ja 4,027 Au 10,002 Je 3,840 De Ja Jy Je 479 6,186 676 No 43,829 Ja 11,455 Jy 72, 737 Ja 3,953 No 968 No 8, 747 Je 3,342 De2 2,169 De 3,826 Nos De De Je Jy De De Mh 419 4,910 886 2,879 1,265 1,649 237 300 No 20,878 No 7,125 6,252 No 183,212 Au 16,766 6,747 43, 824 35,494 38, 789 Je Jy De No Ja 118,546 Fe 76,458 Jy De Fe Mh 5,372 6,963 12, 646 261 Au 12,424 Au Ja 337 4,033 Fe 10,345 Jy 266 Ja 436 My 1,092 No 29,240 Ja 1,943 No 9,634 Au 5,422 No 35,480 ' S ame number reported for one or more other months. 532 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 320.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PEKSONS ENGAGED AND PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries. Total. Cars and general shop con- 28,215 struction and repairs by electric-railroad companies. Cars and general shop con- 361,925 struction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Cars, electric-railroad, not in- 4, 286 eluding operations of rail- road companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not in- 58,988 eluding operations of rail- road companies. Cash registers and calculating 12, 765 machmes. Cement 31, 958 Charcoal, not including pro- 301 duction in the lumber and wood distillation industries. Cheese 6,654 Chemicals 37,881 China decorating, not includ- 408 ing that done m potteries. Chocolate and cocoa products, 5, 059 not including confectionery. Cleansing and polishing prep- 2, 734 arations. Clocks 7,454 Cloth, sponging and refinish- 1,076 Clothing, horse 1, 936 Clothing, men's 200, 809 Clothing, men's, buttonholes. 856 Clothing, women's 198, 685 Cofiee and spice, roasting and 15,112 grinding. Coffins, burial cases, and un- 11, 498 dertakers' goods. Coke, not including gas-house 23, 463 coke. Collars and cuffs, men's 10,936 Combsandhairpins.notmade 3,105 from metal or rubber. Condensed milk and milk 7,625 products, other than butter and cheese. Confectionery and ice cream . . 81, 365 Cooperage 19, 585 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron 38,654 work. Cordage and twine 16,849 Cordials and flavoring sirups.. 1,596 Cork, cutting 3, 732 Corsets 23, 146 Cotton goods 388, 726 Cotton lace 8, 123 Cotton small wares 7, 062 Crucibles 356 Cutlery and edge tools 18,323 Dairymen's^ poultrymen's, 7, 197 and apiarists'supplies. Dental goods 3, 817 Druggrmding 1,280 Druggists' preparations. 14, 508 Dyeing and finishing textiles, 63,273 exclusive of that done in textile mills. Dyestuffs and extracts 3,561 Electrical machinery, appa- 144, 712 ratus, and supplies. Proprietors and officials. Total. Male. Fe- male. 799 189 975 539 629 71 2,560 1,256 57 657 188 102 8,878 179 10, 653 1,317 642 203 146 396 7,417 1,904 364 241 103 423 4,606 157 230 27 593 485 293 76 834 1,460 262 4,164 47 24 19 2 36 4 1 1 292 31 52 168 5 4 148 37 15 8 1 13 23 12 3 30 35 Propri- etors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cials of cor- pora^ tions. 2,420 99 68 20 324 10 62 40 6,121 169 7,616 474 166 36 18 47 4,954 1,367 4,939 38 86 27 101 409 10 70 147 182 146 22 229 353 66 368 Super- in- tend- ents and man- agers- 101 133 39 209 69 236 3 37 473 49 164 71 25 23 1,167 5 1,594 489 225 149 50 44 1,291 271 914 121 96 46 165 1,772 54 16 238 134 29 268 424 103 1,165 6,691 150 760 386 14 150 708 4 47 105 111 16 28 1,892 6 2,334 390 282 426 158 56 1,680 328 214 65 35 316 2,462 108 80 13 221 192 93 367 718 111 2,713 Clerks. Male. 941 14,936 224 3,419 2,504 2,938 1 111 3,496 22 646 559 361 42 133 12, 670 2 11,263 4,262 1,102 1,540 366 102 1,059 6,573 361 2,143 492 308 120 1,043 3,563 380 129 18 719 676 248 103 3,067 2,444 330 16,325 Fe- male. , 87 647 33 301 758 472 28 794 16 137 343 157 30 43 5,222 3 7,071 948 255 206 246 83 2,933 150 960 215 113 51 1,036 1,164 131 97 8 437 462 184 39 1,300 867 112 6,063 V/age earners (aver- age num- ber em- ployed during year). 26,384 339, 518 3,840 GENEEAL TABLES. 533 POWER AND FUEL, FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914~Contmued. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANTJFACTUKING INDUSTEIES— COntinUod. Wage earners employed Dec. 15, or nearest representative day. Total. Both 26,509 336,316 3,425 57,811 9,199 28,969 271 3,588 32,496 273 4,202 1,243 6,667 1,603 179,232 678 175,302 8,288 9,347 19,908 10,046 2,748 5,794 70,222 18,691 29,020 16,7.'i2 1,0,36 7,306 6,461 330 16,697 6,642 2,682 1,040 9,310 46, 776 2,997 111,251 Male. 26,410 335,884 3,403 67,603 8,626 28,943 271 3,504 30, 772 123 2,786 566 85,925 372 63, 361 4,921 7,703 19,905 2,679 2,043 4,990 31,627 18,463 28,486 9,400 668 2,051 2,572 228,198 3-, 314 2,489 329 14, 692 5,281 1,601 764 4,752 38,364 2,967 Fe- male. 432 22 673 26 1,724 150 1,416 2,019 4 1,037 93,307 306 111,941 1,644 3 7,467 706 804 38,695 238 535 6,362 378 ■ 1,345 16,846 160,099 3,992 3,962 1 2,005 261 1,081 276 4,568 8,412 30 22,447 16 years and over. Both sexes. 25,502 336,237 3,406 67, 795 9,176 28, 922 270 3,569 32,206 4,139 1,225 6,497 843 1,549 177,306 663 174,276 8,202 9,282 19, 796 10, 018 2,655 6,759 67, 706 18,441 28,848 15,106 1,024 3,241 18,828 355,247 6,958 6,060 330 16,457 5,620 2,568 1,008 9,197 46,028 2,980 110,578 Male. 25,403 336,806 3,384 67,687 _ 8, 602 28,896 270 30,685 121 2,768 847 4,649 839 662 86,331 368 63,241 4,877 7,664 19,793 2,570 1,087 31,124 18,219 28,334 9,173 648 1,965 2,528 209,186 3,179 2,381 329 14,516 5,269 1,666 761 4,706 37, 863 2,952 88,411 Fe- male. 432 22 208 573 26 84 1,621 142 1,381 378 1,948 4 997 91, 976 295 111,034 3,325 1,628 3 7,448 668 793 36,682 222 614 5,932 376 1,276 16,300 146,061 3,779 3,679 1,942 261 1,012 247 4,492 8,176 Under 16 years. Both sexes. 19 290 10 63 18 160 26 54 1,926 16 1,027 65 112 2,516 260 172 647 12 165 690 33, 050 348 391 240 22 114 32 113 748 17 673 Male. 19 187 2 13 89 25 14 694 4 120 44 49 112 9 66 24 503 234 151 227. 10 86 44 19,012 136 108 177 22 45 47 511 Fe- male. 103 8 35 5 71 40 1,332 11 907 42 16 2,013 16 21 420 546 14,038 213 63 66 237 2 280 Number of wage earners employed 15th day of— Maximum month. Jy 26,970 Se 347,031 Ja 4, 754 Ja 63, 678 Pe 10, 220 Je 30, 105 My 256 Je 3,810 Se 32,813 Pe 321 Oc Mh Mh Ja 4,612 1,347 7,094 930 Ja 1, 888 Pe 181,962 Oo 691 Mh 188,526 Se 8, 959 Mh 9, 718 Mh 24,205 Oo 10,866 Oc 3, 266 Je 6,966 Oo Je Ap Je Mh Ap Ja i Mh Mi Fe Mh Je 3,468 Se 1,090 Fe 9, 668 Mh 61,070 Oc 2, 989 Ja 128,766 71,970 17,816 29,825 16, 629 1,468 3,793 22, 315 189,980 8,182 6,896 321 17,437 6,768 Minimum month. De 25,135 De 331,207 De 2,883 De 46,153 De 7,020 De 24,031 Fe 192 Ja 1, Je 31, De 876 Jy Au De De Au 1, No 162, De Jy 145, De - No De 17, Je Ja 5,281 .Ta 68, 749 De 16,296 Fe 26,915 Au 13,446 No 781 De 2, 969 De 17,749 Au 369, 138 De 6, 612 6,344 286 16,336 4,684 De 2, 672 Ap 1,021 Au 8, 865 No 46,263 Fe 2,662 De 107,277 De Se Jy Oe 534 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OP PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, ANt) Electroplating Emery and other abrasive wheels. Enameling Engines, steam, gas, and water Engravers' materials Engraving and diesinUng Engraving, steel and copper plate, including plate prmt- mg. Engraving, wood Envelopes Explosives Fancy articles, not elsewhere FEB30NS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTUEING INDUSTRIES. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries. Total. Feathers and plumes Felt goods Fertilizers Files Firearms Fire extinguishers, chemical. . Fireworks , Flags and banners Flavoring extracts Flax and hemp, dressed Flour-miU and gristmill products. Food preparations, not else- where specified Foundry and machine-shop products Foundry supplies Fuel, manufactured Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture Furs, dressed Galvanizing Gas and electric fixtures Gas, illuminating and heating . Gas machines and gas and water meters. Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting. Gloves, and mittens, leather. Glucose and starch Glue, not elsewhere specified. Gold and silver, leaf and foil. Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Graplute, ground and refined Grease and tallow, not includ- ing lubricating greases. Grindstones Haircloth Hair work Hammocks Hand stamps ,'. Hardware Hardware, saddlery Hat and cap materials Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, fur-felt Hats, straw Hats, wool-fejt Hones and whetstones 3,497 3,017 158 2,300 8,521 452 8,035 8,425 9,264 5,315 4,553 28, 301 4,740 7,518 387 1,467 1,911 3,128 158 65, 635 29, 365 429, 072 840 174 13,285 25, 964 145, 627 1,771 1,887 13, 649 63, 993 78,804 12, 345 5,957 3,743 1,313 742 416 6,249 735 674 1,653 345 2,009 46, 934 2,752 2,072 8,942 22, 932 10, 619 1,372 208 Proprietors and officials. Total. Male. 722 125 114 1,401 20 618 92 279 342 764 245 151 1,906 105 126 43 65 141 583 28 16, 575 2,696 24,293 97 16 2,066 1,076 7,340 156 98 932 2,968 279 1,460 1,005 740 236 145 111 132 24 624 23 34 213 30 371 1,599 124 173 1,007 569 363 80 21 Fe- male 27 52 3 24 1 3 2 6 21 24 3 438 92 530 104 63 155 4 1 22 19 5 18 45 34 4 1 7 4 30 Propri- etors and firm mem- bers. 579 23 70 197 5 648 78 28 20 462 169 11 373 24 16 11 16 81 332 19 12, 669 1,463 7,923 28 4 1,721 565 2,416 107 24 320 78 51 93 582 417 70 32 87 72 5 359 6 22 224 14 266 311 38 101 797 163 137 rled offi- cials of cor- pora^ tions. Super- in- tend- ents and man- agers 478 9 39 158 104 92 187 67 68 642 50 34 16 29 41 175 1,743 694 7,430 44 4 214 279 2,375 25 40 340 954 102 517 253 109 54 61 16 35 101 10 37 2 77 524 63 44 117 161 120 15 5 20 731 40 163 5 160 238 187 61 75 915 32 79 19 26 40 100 12 2,601 741 9,470 28 8 235 295 2,704 28 36 294 1,955 131 248 116 63 15 29 11 194 15 8 17 17 47 810 34 37 118 272 131 30 Clerks. Male. 79 413 35 3,149 16 80 572 44 475 1,379 654 333 271 3; 090 198 198 57 41 133 705 4 7,008 4,660 32,232 126 16 1,429 1,695 7,327 67 172 1,339 14, 593 665 2,026 414 570 1,006 371 33 101 20 22 77 18 185 2,729 73 83 399 801 490 29 11 Fe- male, 31 2,091 16 57 400 390 375 202 93 466 87 127 29 31 121 355 7 1,611 9,546 59 1 656 771 2,924 19 36 443 2,621 178 798 297 333 202 97 27 49 43 97 17 105 9 113 1,347 43 32 217 258 11 6 GENERAL TABLES. 535 POWER AND FUEL, FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIEa — Continued. Wage earners employed Dec. 15, or nearest representative day. Total. Both sexes. 2,630 2,350 1,325 29,371 112 1,583 6,840 307 7,032 6,826 7,660 4,474 4,120 26,219 4,268 7,695 264 1,491 1,462 1,493 176 41,736 22,421 347,364 509 210 11,691 23,220 126,125 1,707 1,417 11,287 42,284 84,168 8,332 11,026 6,453 3,272 1,147 466 284 6,044 707 600 1,147 266 1,311 39,783 2,473 1,937 7,685 21,652 10,771 1,074 192 Male. 2,603 2,106 992 29,309 112 1,475 4,424 296 2,665 6,753 3,776 547 3,208 25, 111 3,728 7,631 253 901 421 819 175 41,203 16,675 342,184 283 4,997 707 Fe- male. 127 244 333 62 108 2,416 11 4,367 73 3,875 3,927 912 108 640 164 1 690 1,041 674 633 5,746 6,180 507 2 210 7,178 4,413 3,996 19, 224 122, 379 3,746 1,603 204 1,342 75 8,647 2,640 42,094 190 4,640 293 78,798 6,360 7,149 1,183 4,894 6,132 6,017 436 2,933 339 624 623 453 12 331 312 835 136 130 1,116 195 34,710 6,073 2,071 402 1,341 596 6,603 2,082 16,710 6,842 4,227 6,544 761 323 181 11 16 years and over. Both sexes. 2,572 2,347 1,298 29, 336 105 1,539 6,656 302 6,952 5,819 7,480 4,328 4,108 25, 186 4,162 7,654 262 1,465 1,386 1,469 175 41,656 22, 164 346, 157 609 210 11, 640 22,668 124,613 1,704 1,417 11,144 42,257 4,916 81,908 8,118 10, 856 6,460 3,268 1,099 466 284 6,040 707 583 1,141 254 1,270 38,964 2,432 1,927 7,547 21,300 10,606 1,061 192 Male. 2,447 2,103 972 29,274 105 1,432 4,313 291 2,640 5,746 3,730 642 3,200 26,078 3,641 7,490 251 884 406 801 176 41, 123 16, 640 341,088 607 210 7,145 3,898 120,866 1,500 1,342 8,641 42,067 4,625 76,909 7,017 4,846 5,016 2,929 496 463 283 4,993 707 262 310 128 1,076 34,067 2,039 1,334 5,479 15,550 4,171 740 181 Fe- male. 126 244 326 62 107 2,343 11 4,312 73 3,760 3,786 908 108 521 164 1 671 981 668 633 5,624 4,396 18,760 3,657 204 76 2,603 190 291 4,999 1,101 6,010 435 339 603 12 1 47 321 831 126 194 4,897 393 593 2,068 5,760 6,434 321 11 Under lOyears. Both sexes. 58 3 27 35 7 44 184 7 170 146 12 33 106 41 2 36 76 24 1,207 51 662 1,612 143 27 17 2,260 214 170 3 4 48 17 6 11 41 819 41 10 252 166 13 Male. 56 3 20 35 7 43 111 136 1,523 3 106 27 15 132 43 2 4 7 2 7 40 643 32 7 24 160 56 11 Fe- male. 56 141 4 18 464 361 82 122 1 10 4 4 1 176 9 3 14 92 110 2 Number of wage earners employed 15th day of — Maximum month. Do 2,665 Ap 2,570 Ja De De My 1,379 32, 033 112 1,626 7,022 Jy 335 Ap 7,174 De 7,950 Oc 8,318 5,391 4,282 38,332 4,539 7,649 267 1,691 1,624 1,612 180 41,684 Ja Mh Mh De Oc Je Je Je Fe Oc 22, 800 Mh 384,214 Jei 603 De 221 No 11,967 Oc 23, 439 Mh 136,341 1,734 1,771 11, 764 47,572 6,208 Mh Oo Je Je Mh Fe Mh Mh 4p Fe Ja My Ja Mh Je Mh Mh Fe Mh Se Oo Fe Au Ap 86,461 8,624 11, 791 4,948 3,631 1,177 471 283 5,301 827 625 22,438 12, 252 1,618 213 Minimum month. Au 2,492 No .2,196 Au 1,226 No 26,669 Jv 100 Je 1,504 Au 6,624 Fe 285 An 6,771 Jy 5,877 Ja 6,612 De 3,829 Jy 3,872 De 16,854 Do 4,015 Au 5,742 Au 239 la, Ja Au 1,351 1,323 83 My 37,921 My 19,018 No 328,974 De 482 Je 93 Fe 7,069 Au 21,625 De 119,861 Ja 1, 224 1,198 10,129 40,994 4,662 No Jy De No Au 49,8 Jy 7,3 No No Au Au No 8,561 4,139 2,786 1,088 440 Au 187 No 4,965 De No De Au 510 558 1,081 1,386 Au 1,205 43,651 Dfi 39,087 2,778 Jy 1,931 1,919 Au 1,620 7,602 JMo 7,152 My 19,791 Jy 4, 839 Ja 835 No 121 1 Same number reported for one or more other months. 536 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 220.^CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Hosiery and knit goods House-furmshing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactured Ink, printing Ink, writing Instnimente, professional and scientific. Iron and steel, blastfurnaces. . Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Iron and steel, cast-iron pipe. . Iron and steel, doors and shut- ters. Iron and steel forgings, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, in- cluding wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, wrought pipe. . Ivory, shell, and bone work, not including combs and hairpins. Japanning Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases. Jute goods Labels and tags Lamps and refiectors Lapidary work Lard, not made in slaughter- ing and meat-packing estab- lishments. Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods, not elsewhere specified. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Lime Linen goods Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Lithographing Locomotives, not made by railroad companies. Lookjng-glass and picture frames. Lubricating greases Lumber and timber products. Lumber, planing-miU prod- ucts, not including planing mills connected with saw- mills. Malt Marble and stone work Matches Mats and matting, from cocoa fiber and grass. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries. Total. 719 159,673 8,492 29, 786 2,293 889 9,020 33, 194 274, 162 13,290 2,395 11,984 3,179 9,690 958 285 36,064 2,764 8,307 3,232 8,147 785 39 2,489 814 8,623 60,780 13,975 3,753 8,322 75, 404 3,188 18, 069 19,047 6,078 935 536, 116 115,969 2,548 66,280 4,546 977 Proprietors and officials. Clerks. Total. Propri- etors and firm mem- Sala- ried offi- cials of cor- pora- Super- in- tend- ents and man- Male. Fe. male. Male. Fe- male. tions. agers. 44 3 6 24 17 54 30 3,782 184 1,298 1,050 1,618 3,125 2,062 622 43 334 157 174 546 347 4,278 99 1,355 1,254 1,768 1,872 526 191 7 40 83 75 573 131 93 4 38 26 33 189 91 608 17 249 174 202 781 507 765 3 15 193 560 2,698 372 4,517 10 52 766 3,709 18,466 2,453 32S 6 26 148 157 575 208 187 1 8 78 102 459 86 113 1 22 53 39 200 96 491 5 59 224 213 589 210 167 5 «0 52 80 303 60 233 1 10 52 172 524 87 84 4 47 22 19 28 47 44 5 40 4 5 4 4 3,472 106 2,220 676 682 2,264 1,933 204 12 116 58 42 83 72 113 2 17 .38 60 158 47 212 14 62 93 71 239 167 350 10 87 148 125 451 202 131 3 97 13 24 42 25 9 6 3 1 7 4 171 S 46 64 66 163 56 59 1 4 26 30 134 35 640 32 396 149 127 608 272 1,945 56 566 581 854 2,298 545 980 28 500 189 319 407 131 58 2 17 39 97 31 876 17 340 267 286 925 209 4,467 126 511 2,008 2,074 8,086 655 514 37 302 99 160 268 77 834 17 171 394 286 1,483 564 525 38 487 1,035 414 96 634 20 416 133 105 223 148 2 28 81 41 191 118 43,146 427 32,840 3,438 7,295 11,215 1,642 10,936 188 5,131 2,898 3,095 6,539 2,092 268 12 77 114 89 246 33 7,911 192 5,673 1,058 1,372 2,500 696 68 4 23 41 588 90 56 i 10 12 35 33 18 GENERAL TABLES. 537 POWER AND FUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES— continued. Wage earners employed Dec. 15, or nearest representative day. Total. Both sexes. 153,438 24,827 1,389 545 7,297 29,660 248,945 10,073 13,099 2,150 10,705 8,125 771 217 28,523 2,497 7,278 2,515 6,529 685 19 2,057 573 7,174 56,371 12,416 3,582 7,219 61,036 2,771 15,314 16,548 4,873 450 686,521 95,388 2,298 66,187 3,899 1,024 Male. 674 45,295 3,622 24,765 1,373 276 6,160 29,664 247,966 13,085 2,150 10,635 1,957 8,125 676 207 21,939 1,134 3,466 1,678 5,606 • 604 18 2,047 568 4,431 54,466 12,402 1,388 6,471 60,427 2,685. 12,739 16,540 4,412 441 585,451 94,644 2,292 66,088 2,692 108,143 3,270 72 16 270 1,137 1,091 Fe- male. 14 170 697 10 6,584 1,363 3,812 837 923 81 1 10 5 2,743 1,906 13 2,194 748 2,675 9 1,070 744 4 99 1,307 16 years and over. Both 144,279 6,802 24,691 1,382 542 7,162 29,607 248,219 9,977 13,049 2,139 10,580 2,606 8,122 761 214 27,855 2,411 7,029 2,460 6,471 648 19 2,040 573 6,791 56,208 12,388 3,374 7,190 60,968 2,756 15, 194 16,547 4,799 460" 584,429 94,866 2,295 66,006 3,662 1,022 Male. 42,693 3,694 24,519 1,366 272 6,057 29,601 247,276 13,035 2,139 10,429 1,940 8,122 669 204 21,458 1,100 3,332 1,640 5,560 694 18 2,030 668 4,292 64,345 12,375 1,318 6,449 60,359 2,670 12,649 16,539 4,348 441 583,478 94, 147 2,291 56,907 2,485 694 19 101,586 3,208 72 16 270 1,105 6 944 1,091 Fe- male. 151 666 10 6,397 1,311 3,697 820 911 54 1 10 5 2,499 1,863 13 2,056 741 609 86 2,645 451 9 961 719 4 99 1,177 328 Under 16 years. Both 9,159 90 236 7 3 135 63 726 96 125 48 3 668 86 249 55 68 37 17 163 27 208 29 68 15 120 1 74 2,092 522 1 181 237 2 2,602 28 236 7 3 103 53 690 106 17 Male. Fe- male. 6,557 62 481 34 134 38 46 10 17 139 1,973 1 181 107 2 187 52 115 17 12 27 244 42 10 119 25 Number of wage earners employed 15th day of— Mfl.- giTnnm month. De 726 Mh 157, 636 Oc 7,176 Jy 32,526 Oo 1,414 Se 570 Oo 7,564 Ap 32,861 Mi 271,631 Ap 11,328 Au 13,427 No 2,240 Mh 11,472 Mh 2,786 Ap 10,764 Fe 823 My Ja Oc Ap Ap Ja Noi 263 iO, 377 2,626 8,383 2,636 8,047 754 21 Fe 2,362 Je 606 Oc 7,864 Mh 68,743 Au Mh Mh J? Oc Je Ja 13,745 3,719 7,072 67, 478 3,627 15,343 22,364 Oo 4,970 Au 600 My 507, 876 ly 101,228 Fe Au Fe Ja 2,386 60,039 4,380 1,457 Minimum month. Mh 536 Au 142, 779 De 6, 760 Ja 15, 144 Api 1,374 De 457 Ja 6,670 No 23,329 No 210,279 No 9,830 De 11,190 Je 1,817 No 10,012 Jy 2,550 No De De De De De De Au 6,796 768 200 26,642 2,292 7,061 2,616 6,114 256 18 Se 1,905 De 659 Ja 6,677 Oe 53,491 De 'A No 10, 174 3,376 5,261 58,707 1,769 15,039 12,635 De 4, 647 De 425 De 421,736 De 89,386 Au Fe 1,540 47,732 3,121 316 1 Same number reported for one or more other months. 538 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. TABLE 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALTJB OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND Mattresses and spring beds. . . Millinery and lace goods Mineral and soda waters Minerals and earths, ground.. Mirrors, framed and unframed. Models and patterns, not in- cluding paper patterns. Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts. Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and ma- terials, not specified. Musical instruments, organs . . Musical instruments, pianos. . Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. Needles, pins, and books and eyes. Nets and seines Oakum Oil, cottonseed, and cake Oil, essential Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere specified. .. Oilcloth and linoleum, floor.. Oilcloth, enameled Oleomargarine Optical goods Paints Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. Paper patterns Patent medicines and com- pounds. Paving materials Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and snelliog. Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylo- graphic. Pens, gold Pens, steel Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Phonographs and grapho- phones. Pnoto-engraving, not done ia printing establishments. Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pickles, preserves, and sauces. Pipes, tooaoco Plated ware Plumbers' supplies, not else- where specified. Pocketbooks Pottery Poultry, killing and dressiag. Printing and publishing, book and job. Printing and publishing, music. Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Printing materials Pulp goods PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTUBING INDUSTKIES. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries. Total. 14,897 63,936 25,416 5,601 3,794 5,753 7,753 1,167 2,410 3,618 26,828 11,377 5,750 1.126 136 27,047 436 1,998 3,658 4,798 1,436 1,265 10,311 20,072 95,516 16,742 2,026 25,927 21,668 2,596 4,760 1,911 306 636 5,420 31,077 11,366 8,625 2,488 8,740 17,138 2,536 10,094 21, 298 1,738 28,768 1,726 152,908 2,182 212,000 676 1,990 Proprietors and ofiBcials. Total. Male. 1,626 3,194 7,386 463 311 1,124 268 324 194 776 348 133 37 11 2,631 145 108 461 85 47 48 613 1,499 2,393 710 45 3,979 1,217 113 116 17 667 833 188 798 144 329 1,156 83 238 850 121 966 164 18,614 297 28,027 124 79 Fe- male 76 453 23 1 25 34 32 234 364 114 6 6 28 1 802 17 1,525 Propri- etors and firm mem- 926 2,335 6,015 110 138 47 104 234 74 85 62 20 6 180 116 10 65 3 4 1 229 304 221 154 18 2,112 367 31 1 36 10 1 383 52 11 262 63 22 666 43 32 137 81 212 91 11,717 146 17,560 51 5 Sala- ried offi- cials of cor- pora- tions. 354 626 710 158 93 136 66 67 46 .61 397 155 55 3 613 18 40 193 42 10 28 161 665 887 16 1,201 368 41 23 46 10 12 210 261 43 313 50 67 321 21 75 275 25 294 14 3,839 92 Super- in- tend- ents and man- agers. 921 212 85 166 160 50 51 63 313 147 60 21 2 1,851 13 68 204 40 33 20 248 664 1,317 604 18 1,020 510 43 28 40 4 178 636 140 251 44 246 353 22 140 447 27 498 60 76 7,912 38 39 Clerks. Male. 1,013 3,131 1,776 227 194 184 634 154 85 131 1,449 246 154 20 6 2,465 25 334 809 212 123 218 1,056 4,103 3,540 1,652 313 6,151 745 97 258 376 16 30 875 4,582 1,236 1,073 186 1,116 2,693 74 720 1,463 79 695 148 12,278 671 46,319 03 169 Fe- male. 87 100 148 92 163 126 707 152 138 14 68 238 73 43 81 698 1,087 1,094 751 588 3,115 138 31 120 15 16 877 290 555 415 129 632 615 22 410 497 60 354 60 8,093 424 21,754 40 84 GEKEEAL TABLES. 539 POWER AND FUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914-Contmued' PEBSONS ENOAGED IN MANUFACTIHUNG INDUSTKIES— Continued. Wage earners employed Dec. 5, or nearest representative day Number of wage earners employed 15th day of— Total. 16 years and over. Under 16 years. Both Male. Fe- Both Male. Fe- Both Male. Fe- Maximum Minimum sexes. male. sexes. male. sexes. male. month. month. 11,666 9,435 2,221 11,460 9,249 2,201 206 186 20 Mh 12,053 De 11,193 197 42,242 }^'i^ 30,809 41,340 11,256 80,084 902 177 725 53,209 Je 38,273 198 15,990 15,621 369 15,649 16,282 367 341 339 2 Jy 19,264 Ja 12,448 199 4,839 4,807 32 4,833 4,801 32 6 6 m£ 5,075 De 4,199 200 3,191 3,093 98 3,154 3,059 95 37 34 '"'i' 3,311 De 3,046 .201 4,263 4,017 246 4,227 3,986 241 36 31 5 Mh 4,600 Oc 4,031 202 6,706 6,569 137 6,666 6,531 136 40 38 2 Fe 9,177 Se 4,333 203 708 663 166 702 547 155 6 6 Ap 719 De 677 204 1,925 1,675 260 1,894 ■ 1, 652 242 31 23 ""8 De 1,910 Jy 1,772 205 3,012 2,860 152 2,994 2,844 150 18 16 2 Mh 3,231 No 2,866 206 23,512 22,743 769 23,312 22,557 755 200 186 14 Mh 25,372 Au 22,393 207 10, 152 8,577 1,675 10,021 8,459 1,662 131 118 13 Mh 11,839 Jy 9,776 208 5,408 2,675 2,733 5,162 2,595 2,657 256 80 176 Ja 5,497 Au 5,199 209 1,067 235 832 942 218 724 125 17 108 Fe 1,131 Je 970 210 122 120 2 121 119 2 1 1 No 123 Je 106 211 37,155 37,066 89 37, 118 37,030 88 37 36 "■■'i' No 36,838 Je 7,063 212 633 1,834 2,256 490 1,833 2,218 43 1 37 533 1,834 2,239 . 490 1,833 2,20? 43 1 36 Au No Jy 359 1,853 2,270 Fe Je Ja 199 1,104 1,840 213 214 -■■■-■ ■"is" ...... 215 4,366 4,287 79 4,341 4,262 79 26 25 Ja 4,572 No 4,262 216 1,202 1,112 90 1,176 1,096 80 26 16 ""io" Fe 1,303 Jy 1,156 217 1,107 940 167 1,102 936 166 5 4 1 Mh 1,039 Je 744 218 8,102 5,953 2,149 7,722 6,724 1,998 380 229 161 Mh 8,178 Se 7,575 219 12,926 11,883 1,043 •12,893 11,867 1,036 33 26 7 Je 14,048 De 12, 573 220 89,005 79,579 9,426 88,899 79,508 9,391 106 71 35 ^y 89, 916 Au 86,726 221 13,382 8,308 6,074 13, 106 8,179 4,927 276 129 147 14,277 De 12j699 222 1,052 301 ■ 751 1,039 295 744 13 6 7 Jy 1,129 Ja 1,013 223 13,310 7,236 6,074 13,071 7,127 5,944 239 109 1.30 Mh 14,235 Au 12,543 224 21,725 21,665 60 21,689 21,629 60 36 36 Jy 24,328 Fe 12,824 225 2,928 640 2,288 2,889 638, 2,251 39 2 ■"37' Mh 2,834 Jy 1,784 226 4,356 1,966 2,390 4,270 1,940 2,330 86 26 60 Mh 4,418 Ja 4,241 227 1,163 993 170 1,142 976 166 21 17 4 1,192 Se 1,133 228 249 217 32 248 216 32 1 1 Ja 282 De 227 229 541 104 437 528 100 428 13 4 ""9 Je -- 596 De 541 230 3,033 1,065 1,968 2,976 1,047 1,929 57 18 39 Oo 3,150 Ja 2,646 231 24,938 24,781 157 24,899 24, 742 167 39 39 Jy 25,849 De 24,868 232 10.095 9,072 1,023 10,090 9,068 1,022 5 4 ""'i' De 10,007 Se 8,743 233 6,215 5,803 412 6,148 5,738 410 67 65 2 Ap 6,339 Se 6,080 234 1,811 1,422 389 1,781 1,405 376 30 17 13 Mh 2,192 De 1,813 235 5,985 4,208 1,777 5,962 4,187 1,776 23 21 2 Mh 7,024 De 6,972 230 15,953 8,164 7,789 16, 685 8,090 7,595 268 74 194 Se 19, 136 Ap 10,026 237 2,222 1,834 388 2,179 1,807 372 43 27 16 Mh 2,477 De 2,158 238 8,640 7,019 it; 788 1,621 8,527 6,965 1,662 113 54 59 Mh 9,191 Jy 8,204 239 18,265 477 17,956 17,502 464 309 286 23 Au 19,394 De 17,205 240 ,J'?I 757 566 1,286 740 546 37 17 20 Oc 1,695 De 1,213 241 27, 142 20,914 6,228 26,866 20, 745 6,111 286 169 117 Ap 27,301 Jy 25,665 242 2,771 1,984 787 2,733 1,946 787 38 38 De 3,168 Mh 790 243 113,816 87,919 25,897 111,470 86,021 25,449 2,346 1,898 ■■44s' Mh 116, 496 Jy 110, 453 244 858 697 161 852 691 161 6 6 Mh 901 Jy 845 245 116,840 98,701 18,139 113,636 95,728 17,908 3,204 2,973 231 De 115,834 Au 112,504 246 434 422 12 432 420 12 2 2 ...... Oc 451 Au 405 247 1,549 1,403 146 1,547 1,403 146 2 1 Fei 1,800 ' No 1,403 243 1 Same number reported for one or more other months. 540 CENSUS- OP MANUFACTXTBES : 1&14. TABLE 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND Pulp wood Pomps, not including power pumps. Pumps, steam andother power. Refrigerators Regalia and society badges and emblems. ■ Rice, cleaning and polishing. . Roofing materials Rubber goods, not elsewbere specified. Rules, ivory and wood Saddlery and harness Sates and vaults Salt Sand and emery paper and cloth. Sand-lime brick Sausage, not made in slaugh- tering and meat-packing es- tablishments. Saws Scales and balances Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing-machine cases Sewing machines and attach- ments. Shipbuilding, iron and steel. . Shipbuilding, wooden, includ- ing boat building. Shirts Show cases Signs and advertising novelties Silk goods, including throw- sters. Silversmi thing and silverware . Slaughtering and meat pack- ing. Smelting and refining, copper. Smelting and refining, lead. . . Smelting and refining, zinc... Smelting and refinmg, not from the ore. Soap Sodarwater apparatus Sporting and athletic goods. . . Springs, steel, car and car- riage, not made in steel- works or rolling mills. Stamped and enameled ware, not elsewhere specified. Stationery goods, not else- where specified. Statuary and art goods Steam fittings and steam and hot-water heating apparatus. Steam packing Stencils and brands Stereotyping and electrotyping Stove and hot-air furnaces Stoves, gas and oil Structural ironwork, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Sugar, beet Sugar, cane PEESONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTUEING INDUSTBIES. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries. Total. 2,657 7,571 6,481 2,633 1,739 5,408 62,257 476 18, 383 3,589 5,736 833 668 3,258 5,493 5,491 4,093 4,861 3,838 15,651 35, 664 13,003 56, 980 2,681 12, 738 115,671 8,347 121, 729 19,594 8,036 10, 327 3,202 19,839 2,856 6,318 4,240 32,176 2,438 31,748 5,321 706 4,455 34, 674 9,017 57,016 9,634 4,544 Proprietors and officials. Total. Male. 30 178 312 305 204 154 370 1,299 23 3,440 139 257 27 71 678 160 73 40 267 582 1,572 1,659 245 1,267 2,225 247 3,167 246 127 147 195 799 157 272 211 315 972 328 150 351 1,450 350 3,057 377 432 Fe- male 137 5 Propri. etors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cials of cor- pora- tions 23 70 30 91 112 48 74 86 10 !,768 5 60 5 6 583 16 24 1,168 957 116 690 591 65 1,167 3 2 66 252 41 126 46 131 231 110 61 111 108 226 68 1 172 47 106 127 41 37 133 424 7 362 66 64 94 60 26 1 60 166 157 223 71 296 659 103 736 360 165 62 372 145 34 126 635 113 72 Super- in- tend- ents and man- agers. 181 95 70 69 170 814 6 379 72 129 11 41 58 395 277 616 63 317 1,166 87 1,315 114 63 285 44 93 404 161 38 497 133 19 125 610 181 1,136 278 Clerks. Male. 261 830 424 36 1,567 364 266 104 18 224 545 596 196 205 81 872 1,447 318 1,971 112 1,127 3,626 697 17,182 1,522 481 617 337 3,237 334 244 248 1,829 1,195 90 3,424 605 62 495 2,892 674 5,704 Fe- male. 79 236 127 132 13 263 2,626 338 110 104 21 12 93 93 136 16 208 124 102 1,241 62 742 1,461 325 2,507 94 41 46 79 1,607 133 187 67 772 521 39 957 164 34 144 776 201 1,041 1, 121 139 442 20 Wage earners (aver- age num- ber em- ployed uuring year). 421 2,134 6,188 5,617 2,010 1,253 4,088 50,220 408 12, 969 2,972 5,089 681 667 2,244 4,560 4,467 3,643 4,446 3,699 14,308 33, 508 10, 981 61,972 2,257 9,566 108, 170 7,070 98,832 17, 731 7,385 9,617 2,585 14,172 2,229 6,602 3,703 28,731 7,728 1,988 26,388 4,213 446 3,457 29, 635 7,790 47,167 7,997 3,632 GENERAL TABLES. 541 POWEB AND FUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. PEE30N3 ENGAGED IN MANUFACTUKING INDUSTRIES— continued. Wage earners employed Dec. 15, or nearest representative day. Total. Both sexes. 542 5,598 6,677 1,942 2,028 3,867 49,279 374 13, 673 2,835 5,056 729 714 2,303 4,458 4,141 3,645 4,598 3,964 12,468 31,838 10,897 2,182 9,603 106,508 7,131 105, 193 18, 150 7,146 9,444 2,756 14,033 2,127 5,781 27,731 7,737 2,084 25,676 4,390 461 7,448 45,872 19,518 15,054 Male. 640 2,018 5,515 5, 669 785 2,021 3,807 42,821 230 12, 889 2,834 4,702 691 713 2,231 4,303 4,090 3,426 3,362 3,963 11,657 31,774 10,870 \0, 938 2,162 6,970 43, 421 6,272 98,307 18, 150 7,137 9,442 2,686 10,631 2,106 3,481 22, 169 2,066 25,221 3,971 425 3,348 29, 736 7,375 45, 754 19,428 14, 711 Fe- male. 1,157 7 60 6,458 144 784 1 354 38 1 72 155 51 219 1,236 1 811 64 27 42,970 30 2,633 63,087 2 70 3,502 21 2,300 6 6,562 3,863 18 455 419 36 38 70 73 118 90 343 16 years and over. Both sexes. 542 2,014 5,590 6,695 1,911 2,024 3,860 48, 903 372 13,572 2,832 5,043 712 712 2,293 4,308 4,135 3,609 4,547 3,959 12, 418 31, 662 10, 881 62, 407 2,179 9,435 7,067 104, 934 18, 144 7,144 9,409 2,753 13, 827 2,021 5,658 3,852 26,967 7,616 2,077 25,482 4,348 448 3,346 29, 690 7,382 45, 801 19, 613 14, 873 Male. 540 2,006 6,607 6,587 770 2,017 3,800 42,699 228 12, 804 2,831 4,689 679 712 2,221 4,170 4,084 3,392 3,333 3,958 11,615 31,599 10,854 10,663 2,149 6,866 40, 960 6,222 98, 103 18, 144 7,135 9,407 2,683 10, 429 2,000 3,433 21, 641 3,823 2,059 26,028 3,945 414 3,308 29, 620 7,309 46,685 19,423 14,546 Fe- male. 2 83 8 1,141 7 60 6,304 144 768 1 354 33 138 61 217 1,214 1 27 41, 744 30 2,669 67, 860 846 6,831 9 2 70 3,398 21 2,226 6 5,326 3,793 18 454 34 38 70 73 116 90 327 Under 16 years. Both 82 31 4 7 376 2 101 3 13 17 2 10 150 6 36 61 5 50 176 16 168 7,688 64 269 6 2 36 206 106 123 15 7 194 42 13 40 116 66 71 6 181 Male. 82 15 4 7 222 2 85 3 13 12 1 10 133 6 34 29 5 42 176 16 276 3 104 2,461 50 204 102 106 48 15 7 193 26 11 40 116 66 69 5 ". 165 Fe- male. 17 64 6,227 75 60 16 Number of wage earners employed 15th day of— Maximum month. De Mh 535 2,313 Fe Mh Ap 6,608 6,361 2,128 No Se My 1,852 4,325 68, 246 Ja Fe Fe Oc Ja 515 13,864 3,200 6,492 747 Je No 720 2,309 Mh Mh Ap Ja Mh Ja 4,784 4,886 3,943 5,171 4,255 16, 056 Mh My 36,788 12, 794 Mh 66,659 Ap 2,395 Je 9,927 My 112, 761 Fe 7, 298 De 108,440 Je Ja Mh Ap 20,837 7,752 9,824 2,832 Se 14, 461 2,489 6,961 3,862 Mh 30,785 Mh 7,963 No Mh 2,099 27,388 Ja Fe Fe Mh Je Jy 4,506 462 3,511 31,650 8,709 60, 214 Oc No 20,363 14,635 Minliaum mor th. Ap 156 No 1,930 De 6,399 Au 4, 482 Au 1,916 Jy 332 De 3, 729 No 44, 574 No Se No Fe Jy Fe My De De Oc De No Oc 344 11,876 2,721 4,654 616 396 2,174 4,268 3,864 3,273 3,794 2,737 12,312 No 28,107 De 9, 224 Se 47, 754 De 2, 082 Fe 9, 256 De 100,045 Jy 6, 465 Au 91, 292 No 12,295 No 6, 779 Jy 9, 260 Au 1, 839 De 13.711 Se 1, 960 Au 6, 175 Jy 3,528 De 26,302 De 7, 497 Ja 1, 896 No 26,032 Au l7o Au De Fe Mh 3,949 430 3,413 26, 761 7,033 42,523 2,527 296 673 297 542 CENSUS OF MANUPACTUBBS : 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND Sugar, refining Sulpliuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Surgical appliances Suspenders, garters, and elas- tic woven goods. Theatrical scenery Tinfoil Tin plate and temeplate Tinware, not elsewhere speci- fied. Tobacco, chewing and smok- ing, and snuffl. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. Tools, not elsewhere specified . Toys and games Trunks and valises Turpentine and rosin Type founding Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes Upholstering materials, not elsewhere specified. Varnishes Vault lights and ventilators . . . Vinegar and cider Wall paper, not made in paper mills. Wall plaster Washing machines and clothes wringers. Waste Watch and clock materials Watch cases Watches Wheelbarrows Whips Windmills Window and door screens and weatherstrips. Window shades and fixtures. . Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable, not else- where specified. Wood carpet Wood distillation, not includ- ing turpentine and rosin. Wood preserving Wood, turned and carved Wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. Wool pulling Wool scouring Wool shoddy Woolen and worsted goods All other industries PEBSONS ENGAOED IN MANUFACTUEOfG INDUSTEIES. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries. Total. 12, 561 3,604 5,689 11,038 125 1,142 5,733 25, 308 31, 940 178, 954 19, 801 8,902 12, 154 38, 294 1,369 13, 853 5,830 5,179 5,610 809 2,381 5,689 6,510 2j886 3,375 760 3,848 13, 009 408 1,455 2,314 3,967 5,172 19, 740 14, 615 192 3,142 3,454 13, 396 7,183 823 1,194 2,391 164, 690 420 Proprietors and officials. Total. Male. 209 135 373 484 21 50 92 723 934 16, 676 1,283 495 1,054 2,906 63 412 434 359 93 800 366 217 185 48 81 110 48 83 99 380 428 438 ,047 9 215 217 1,328 461 73 59 142 2,449 31 Fe- male. 681 44 27 30 20 14 Propri- etors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cials of cor- pora- tions. 206 199 10 4 178 409 14, 791 675 226 649 1,621 15 42 298 139 87 26 640 6 34 69 59 23 16 4 11 40 16 219 18 419 4 36 3 810 252 31 11 58 457 7 15 14 24 243 199 338 147 241 117 22 113 80 97 287 36 97 101 130 75 66 11 35 24 24 18 31 83 76 322 81 206 15 23 46 727 Super- in- tend- ents and man- agers. 179 100 92 197 30 64 317 350 1,880 414 149 294 1,188 26 271 85 133 228 32 91 67 205 80 63 15 35 82 13 30 52 93 351 336 109 136 336 128 27 26 43 ,303 18 Clerks. Male. 1,011 330 573 557 13 27 330 1,440 4,254 7,099 1,049 258 838 543 157 1,605 412 283 1,746 71 245 640 601 247 158 23 137 286 31 161 209 246 1,352 924 12 111 347 274 193 36 57 81 2,589 22 Fe- male. 86 75 437 325 3 30 73 546 748 1,606 559 235 321 8 95 731 163 101 528 43 79 138 151 113 63 18 111 223 6 43 51 138 168 343 57 155 18 18 922 10 GENERAL TABLES. 543 POWER AND FUEL, FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. PEBSONS ENGAGED IN MANUrACTUEING INDUSTRIES— continued. Wage earners employed Dec. 15, or nearest representative day. Total. Both sexes. 11,390 3,533 4,472 9,282 81 1,037 5,818 21,183 25,665 156, 443 16,521 8,267 9,658 36,504 1,037 10, 127 4,743 4,560 2,619 652 2,159 5,327 5,120 2,086 138 3,476 2,818 11,886 6,654 728 1,236 2,317 163,808 410 Male. 10,880 3,532 2,189 3,430 77 693 5,128 16, 557 14, 195 69, 672 15, 696 5,606 8,648 36, 433 799 8,805 2,157 2,467 652 2,079 4,518 5,055 2,011 2,975 2,080 662 395 3,176 2,499 12,619 6,920 284 284 1,108 806 1,830 1,825 3,261 3,041 4,100 3,224 16,764 16,090 11,790 10,304 138 3,476 2,818 11, 463 5,623 727 1,165 1,851 91, 201 Fe- male. 510 1 2,283 5,852 4 344 690 4,626 11, 470 86, 771 825 2,661 1,010 71 238 1,322 2,586 617 162 65 75 895 267 677 302 5 220 876 674 1,486 423 1,031 1 71 466 72, 607 42 16 years and over. Both sexes. 11,362 3,533 4,431 81 1,009 5,797 20, 765 24, 501 162, 733 16, 324 7,882 9,411 36,023 1,024 10, 037 4,584 4,611 2,607 652 2,147 5,231 5,115 2,013 2,969 667 3,145 12, 506 280 1,083 1,826 3,224 4,049 16, 764 11, 669 138 3,476 2,814 11, 776 6,621 728 1,236 2,313 157, 458 410 Male. 10,860 3,632 2,168 3,346 77 689 5,107 16,290 13, 612 68, 666 16, 612 5,365 8,438 35, 965 791 8,738 2,067 3,919 2,445 662 2,068 4,459 6,060 1,960 2,073 391 2,484 6,840 280 786 1,821 3,012 3,186 16,082 10, 111 138 3,476 2,814 11, 369 5,517 727 1,166 1,848 88,462 368 Fe- male. 602 1 2,263 5,694 690 4,475 10,889 84, 067 812 2,517 973 68 233 1,299 2,517 692 162 79 772 266 661 6,666 5 212 672 1,468 417 1,004 1 71 466 68, 996 42 Under 16 years. Both sexes. 41 343 28 21 418 1,164 3,710 197 385 247 481 13 90 169 49 12 73 16 6 31 114 4 26 4 37 51 10 221 4 110 133 4 6,350 Male. 20 4 21 267 683 1,006 184 241 210 478 8 67 90 24 12 24 'i5i 581 2,704 13 144 37 3 6 23 69 25 4 104 106 2,739 Fe- male. 20 258 1 3,611 Number of wage earners employed 15th day of— Maximum month. Je De No Mh 12, 792 3,527 4,626 10, 027 Jy 101 Se 1,111 Ap 5, 702 Se 24, 940 Mh 27,995 Oo 166,404 Mh 17,910 Oo 10, 135 Ap 10, 633 My 37,767 Ap 1,114 Mh 13,273 Fe 6, 160 My 4, 574 My 2, 881 Oc 639 Oo 2,529 Ja 5, 617 Jy My 5,752 2,628 Mh 3, 108 Ja 727 Ja 3, 887 Mh 12,913 Je 432 Ap 1,213 Mh My My Mh Mh Oo Ja ^J Fe Ap De My De 2,102 3,924 4,239 18, 816 12, 756 212 3,631 3,131 12, 666 6,794 762 1,199 2,288 Ap 165, 176 Minimum month. Au De 9,112 2,858 4,111 8,886 De 72 Ja 968 De 4, 154 De 19, 538 De 24, 288 Ap 149,916 No 16,691 5,745 8,597 30, 407 Ja De De Au Se Au Au 7,686 4,469 4,246 No 2, 605 Fe 540 Fe 768 Au 3, 176 De De De Au De Jy De Oc No Au 4,897 2,020 2,763 623 3,087 11, 642 274 1,112 1,739 2,687 Au 3, 910 De 16, 255 Jy 11, 608 Fe Jy Fe Jy 120 2,434 2,544 10,851 6,964 668 860 Se 2,014 De 149,053 544 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND POWER ANP FUEL USED. Primary power. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments report- ing. All industries.. Aeroplanes and parts Agricultural implements Aluminum ware Ammunition Artificial flowers Artificial limbs Artificial stone products Artists' materials Asbestos products, not includ- ing steam packing. Automobile bodies and parts . Automobile repairing Automobiles Awnings, tents, and sails Babbitt metal and solder Bags, other than paper Bags, paper, not mcluding bags made in paper mills. Baking powders and yeast Baskets, and rattan and wil- low ware. Bells Belting and hose, rubber Belting and hose, woven Belting, leather Billiard tables and materials.. Blacking, stains, and dressings Bluing Bone, carbon, and lamp black. Bookbinding and blank-book making. Boot and shoe cut stock, ex- clusive of that produced in boot and shoe factories. B oot and shoe findings, exclu- sive of those produced in boot and shoo factories. Boots and shoes '.. Boots and shoes, rubber Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Boxes, wooden packing Brass, bronze, and copper products. Bread and other bakery products. Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products. Brooms Brushes B utter Butter, reworking Buttons Candles Canning and preserving, fish. . Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. Canning and preserving, oys- ters. Card cutting and designing . . . Cardboard, not made in paper mills. Carpets and rugs, other than Carpets, rag Carriage and wagon materials. Carriages and sleds, children's. Carriages, wagons, and repairs Total pHmary horse- power. 205, 590 22, 547, 574 14 571 30 28 56 98 2,154 28 27 834 3,061 291 668 55 125 55 175 11 18 29 116 36 100 20 24 852 203 1,185 23 225 972 1,056 854 11,485 2,935 622 282 4,305 16 368 11 222 2,320 47 43 18 92 291 393 62 3,498 195 121, 428 12, 338 11, 354 237 689 20,326 1,977 2,877 68, 701 16,380 104, 983 2,610 2,881 10, 392 3,682 7,862 7,293 787 22,995 2,756 7,411 3,213 2,636 220 1,816 11, 266 6,829 5,868 100,232 24,621 6,350 38, 179 126, 806 122, 700 107, 771 442, 813 4, 504 6,388 91,628 1,349 14,398 439 10, 966 88,303 449 2,735 43,963 2,722 38, 215 5,652 74,334 Owned by establishments reporting. Steam engines. Num- ber. 137, 176 2 470 30 62 2 1 298 9 15 129 38 188 6 21 36 18 480 52 63 219 950 281 580 4,064 44 51 3,840 18 97 10 277 2,656 50 17 341 Horse- power. 15,681,688 65 79,688 6,708 7,149 25 25 6,137 1,166 1,375 17, 502 422 42,731 104 1,838 6,511 1,264 6,245 6,994 134 17, 518 1,154 5,700 340 1,626 25 502 2,282 1,889 60,086 , 19,886 2,877 18, 734 104, 781 78, 639 30,095 357, 285" 1,327 3,262 09, 135 1,132 8,838 331 7,274 69,520 1,346 25 1,780 29,486 31, 138 3,242 34,955 Internal- combustion engines. Num- ber. 37, 693 4 280 6 17 2 6 1,623 11 94 578 52 19 6 7 11 13 19 11 91 1 45 103 165 1,304 187 36 552 2 93 1 140 779 37 76 68 9 1,041 Horse- power. 991, 905 29 6,113 900 3,135 10 29 8,012 154 3,807 3,314 6,268 159 137 192 267 248 169 150 66 178 151 36 37 35 1,211 215 74 3,421 20 526 1,709 2,723 8,371 7,400 20, 145 1,009 472 6,629 22 826 10 1,602 6,010 531 22 75 19 748 1,300 218 9,267 Water wheels and wjter motors. Num- Horse- ber. power. 18,069 73 12 10 23 77 1,826,443 GENERAL TABLES. 545 POWER AND rUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. POWER AND FUEL USED— Continued, Primiry power — Contd. Rented. Electric. 452, 102 3,917,655 18 2,614 177 155 98 150 926 85 100 4,292 3,500 4,553 1,643 105 484 333 247 109 34 190 66 206 264 113 34 5,365 532 429 4,118 1,497 2,461 17,739 1,912 561 2,174 19 534 11 252 1,722 ID 124 92 601 314 718 227 6,456 Horse- power. 101 30,764 4, 689 918 190 355 6,053 215 1,406 46, 602 12,524 55, 554 2,332 906 3,588 1,804 1,369 793 368 4,938 1,283 1,479 2,821 779 156 73 3,760 2,720 30,909 3,381 1,720 14, 918 14, 189 31,673 68,933 64,695 2,154 2,408 lo, 730 175 3,951 18 1,977 11,811 18 394 830 9,159 1,419 5,147 1,632 27.S07 Other. Horse- power. 129,883 172 41 62 117 16 789 90 20 91 26 16 194 4 30 424 811 432 60 99 839 2,556 726 974 333 90 180 80 "363 50 1,169 Electric motors run by current generated in the establishments reporting. Num- ber. 320, 260 4,929,967 3,175 209 738 3 1 63 4 17 681 37 1,692 10 45 563 200 331 12 5 390 34 1 176 3,149 433 17 1,644 1,117 2,248 2,393 1,178 11 178 318 39 116 4 105 618 60 1,871 236 73 flOS Horse- power. 52, 363 4,927 11,780 22 13 419 143 158 10,298 192 23,364 51 464 3,701 796 3,454 108 i,260 229 380 12 216 585 380 23, 260 3,226 157 7,804 12, 134 33, 195 17,846 23,711 262 546 2,586 419 1,065 16 • 564 4,447 35 669 16,092 96 2,148 567 11KQO 14, 724, 265 Fuel used. Coal. Anthra- cite (tons of 2,240 lbs.). 60 8,863 812 12, 946 1,052 143 3,362 2,313 3,073 17,696 6,657 13,697 1,788 3,506 2,520 909 14,281 1,165 482 47,682 1,324 12,966 1,041 6,643 96 375 7,004 1,040 1,502 78,076 14, 563 3,626 21,755 7,562 127,828 470, 341 246, 138 1,340 5,124 20, 500 9,763 1,650 2,094 37,555 319 120 7,116 74, 767 1,123 32, 384 744 IK 1QO Bitumi- nous (tons of 2,000 lbs.). 166, 699, 82? 32, 539, 325 339 555, 271 42,878 87, 972 257 288 36,640 3,811 11, 563 197, 690 15,890 464, 534 3,493 31,786 28,641 17,862 69, 966 10, 119 624 47, 908 7,728 19, 504 5,869 4,999 1,077 1,872 16, 363 14, 133 10, 712 277, 921 97, 787 8,683 137, 202 63, 537 378, 306 382,882 8, 566, 947 8,573 16,120 376,858 11,634 40,682 2,373 38,265 234, 722 150 3,422 193, 757 3,443 103, 847 18, 487 .275,585 Coke (tons of 2,000 (lbs.). 48,689,232 1 104, 386 4,618 2,957 31 38 632 19 2,155 7,710 944 15,850 152 958 47 134 152 723 20 512 ""14' 46 2,943 2,763 28 8,098 52 75, 812 254, 313 65, 375 189 164 6,458 53 218 2,186 330 32 2, 503 1,052 9,766 Oil, in- cluding gasoline (barrels). 42 240,060 13, 594 11,203 15 151 6,508 7 12 114, 133 5,029 270,115 254 4,846 767 62 26,310 206 197 10,065 101 29 734 3,608 2,212 706 4,507 310, 910 220, 141 ,849,583 627 124, 191 120 7,005 81,757 241,500 771 3 6 1,733 227 21, 190 2,864 43,377 Gas (1,000 cubic feet). 285,609,876 7,338 234, 349 309, 918 20,193 16, 560 6,326 130, 401 5,064 2,339 388,076 82,340 1,650,784 15,966 14,035 5,819 6,270 2,598 492 2, 184 3,054 4,576 1,344 3,862 803 19,470,270 42,421 3,877 16, 348 181,667 2,857 14,685 104, 971 37,846 464, 259 4, 619. 113 15, 472, 771 12,581 13, 775 154, 7C8 60,324 31, 492 703 6,566 142,219 993 2,429 13,280 10,879 86,832 27,679 147,359 546 CENSUS OF MANtTFACTTJEES : 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALtTE OF PEODUCTS, PERSONS .ENGAGED, AND Cars and general shop con- struction and repairs by electric-railroad companies. Cars and general shop con- stniction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Cars, electric-railroad, not in- cluding operations of rail- road companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not in- cluding operations of rail- road companies. Cash registers and calculating machines. Cement Charcoal, not including pro- duction in the lumber and wood distillation indus- tries. Chemicals China decorating, not includ- ing that done in potteries . Chocolate and cocoa products, not including confectionery. Cleansing and polishing prep- arations. Clocks Cloth, sponging and refinish- ing. Clothing, horse Clothing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonholes. Clothing, women's CoUee and spice, roasting and grinding. Collins, burial cases, and im- dertalcers' goods. Coke, not including gas-house colte. Collars and cuffs, men's Combs and hairpins, not madefrom metal orrubber. Condensed millt and milk products, other than but- ter and cheese. Confectionery and ice cream.. Cooperage Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work. Cordage and twine Cordials and flavoring sirups. Cork, cutting Corsets Cotton goods Cotton lace Cotton small wares Crucibles Cutlery and edge tools Dairymen's^ poultrymen's, and apiarists'" supplies. Dental goods Drug grinding Druggists' preparations Dyemg and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. Dyestuffs and extracts Electrical machinery, appara- tus, and supplies. POWER AND FUEL USED. Primary power. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments report- ing. 475 1,190 14 97 47 130 5 2,194 339 11 35 162 42 45 33 3,955 116 5,169 672 234 147 31 61 176 3,957 499 1,123 100 77 41 137 1,179 39 106 10 241 196 151 27 247 458 Total primary horse- power. 44,989 433,994 10,014 126,687 20,319 490,402 134 19,219 282,385 23 19,736 2,556 6,011 764 1,903 35, 664 205 28, 396 26,634 19,006 120, 327 3; 890 2,711 20, 015 101,423 38, 290 21,357 65, 377 2,070 5,814 7,057 1, 566, 757 9,096 10,100 875 34,781 11,639 1,874 4,972 8,417 130, 172 23,290 227, 731 Owned by establishments reporting. Steam engines. Num- ber. 34 2,514 31 410 15 667 2 1,979 1,061 14 138 138 743 781 491 58 129 20 23 36 1,827 56 50 11 109 77 41 68 ,868 218 350 Horse- power. 5,997 323,634 5,166 99,934 8,339 291,321 100 17, 348 124, 329 14,410 1,163 1,582 376 1,354 10, 355 2,632 7,468 12,827 80,567 2,984 1,326 18,246 46,504 31,282 4,761 41,038 1,430 2,500 4,683 998, 089 6,594 . 6, 620 815 18, 225 1,265 4,179 6,026 111,506 22,032 142,085 Internal- combustion engines. Num- ber. 24 383 47 1 100 58 632 78 248 19 6 13 1 41 2 16 1 75 69 11 3 20 32 4 181 Horse- power. 1,121 5,916 28,366 22 1,446 5,962 6 2,150 200 179 146 2,351 47 1,125 1,085 1,036 2,120 63 154 10, 803 1,116 3,619 2,844 26 1,062 6 3,591. 36 389 20 3,363 1,250 76 60 257 690 4.55 8,694 Water wheels and water motors. Num- ber. 1,285 9 13 GENEEAL TABLES. 647 POWER AND FUEL, FOB THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. POWER AND FUEL USED— continued. Primary power— Con td. Rented. Electric. Horse- power. 2,605 5,629 192 1,334 1,477 2,944 52 2,250 11 253 215 99 lie 78 9,028 245 16,683 2,739 1,011 95 133 8,187 4.13 2,126 293 160 162 768 9,494 380 273 611 64 545 730 82 17,022 36,861 102,562 4,405 20, 416 11, 780 164,369 Other. Horse- power. 90 453 350 407 134, 481 16 2,836 1,180 1,037 301 333 22, 153 158 24,029 17,903 4,529 37, 6« 375 921 43,447 4,310 12,813 8,283 604 2,224 2,273 250,020 1,215 1,629 40 6,803 3,124 543 653 2,083 7,162 745 74,476 10 14,478 1 60 13 18 87 Electric motors run by current generated in the establishments reporting. Fuel used. Num-i her. 490 13,627 207 6,929 157 4,0t7 2,621 624 31 330 522 78 537 258 413 113 82 106 10 28 95 2,934 279 49 845 2 1,411 168 808 2 133 621 361 1,724 367 1 3,144 126 224 232 28 211 611 9,164 694 277 Horse- power. 7,809 222,492 4,078 95,063 365 172, 147 50 38,029 10,039 602 2,256 382 150 122 1,029 3,519 113 22,546 1,048 2,612 1 728 4,376 3,360 50,769 1,392 2 3,398 21,390 2,056 2,028 10, 130 34 2,271 2,000 255, 639 3,521 979 Anthra- cite (tons ol 2 240 lbs.*). 8,692 4,492 697 1,897 4,047 43, 859 2,005 187,643 20,023 506, 696 3,032 34,978 1,202 226, 474 6 3,217 491,603 313 23, 486 1,536 3,143 1,331 251 24,908 127 11,980 19, 340 9,615 Bitumi- nous (tons of 2,000 Ihs.). Coke (tons of 2,000 lbs.). 6,835 2,024 12, 352 110,237 11,023 15,777 54,766 698 11,771 2,678 271,954 28,766 12,811 1,935 23, 865 6,049 2,481 43, 624 18,969 490, 687 24,457 66, 841 108, 128 5,486,405 53,841 698,097 37,965 6,731,438 765 74,119 2, 667, 248 873 67,644 6,988 23,396 1,901 8,566 76, 635 63 17,968 32,747 62,842 50,457,474 15,957 7,978 380,572 317,275 72,049 36,114 145,977 11,332 7,680 19,082 1,579,863 28,653 26,807 6,484 80,167 29,258 4,911 12,495 62,523 173,888 769, 260 1,115 79, 597 70, 886 40 20,072 434 275, 440 184 300 2,122 Oil, in- cluding gasoline (barrels). 439 3,854 266 17,779 2,508,703 15, 107 294,826 118 2,502,065 7 3, 6.50 500, 668 642 8,008 63 377 1 146 4,471 1 939 4,322 997 16, 166 7,182 5,669 14 1,307 610 14,506 1,028 4 87 3,494 1,767 25 26,378 1,430 61 86,518 31,778 13, 151 8,840 15,580 7 6 50 23,563 111 1,081 Gas (1,000 cubic feet). 18,864 22,350 5,086 37 301 31,869 227 126,523 54,236 1,829,902 3,805 1,221,695 25,737 5, 526, 894 188 7,057 2,744,939 7,743 6,519 11,951 4,617 1,241 8,012 416,701 2,470 261,561 313,803 36,484 2,326 2,020 61,548 1,456,466 55,967 184,947 38, 291 8, 240 137,250 8,077 33,407 576 8,864 11,934 767,601 34,671 15,926 1,672 74,200 143,953 187,673 2,767,856 548 CENSUS OP manufactures: 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND raDDSTRT. POWER AND FUEr, USED. Primary power. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments report- ing. Total primary horse- power. Owned by establishments reporting. Steam engines. Internal- combustion engines. Water wheels and w.iter motors. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 9R 433 48 48 438 12 216 223 18 85 109 337 70 51 717 42 27 19 21 64 141 12 10,788 1,263 10, 129. 55 14 889 467 2,669 78 32 387 1,012 91 330 470 265 86 43 43 60 11 266 14 16 30 12 159 470 48 68 463 186 133 22 16 5,845 4,100 1,635 63,047 547 1,092 5,670 68 5,206 45, 778 4,586 369 . 14,056 114,281 8,821 7,474 391 707 637 1,470 832 822,384 80,022 770,454 4,694 3,444 3,233 5,880 240, 665 2,275 2,385 10,028 245, 715 5,711 163, 139 5,539 3,357 41,639 13,304 360 2,235 2,602 17,947 2,160 1,723 68 321 973 53,411 4,134 2,954 1,339 20,851 5,248 3,091 864 21 22 12 183 1 3 12 1 27 396 29 8 73 843 39 22 863 2,538 875 25,383 200 50 1,055 40 2,391 36, 304 1,794 93 8,972 60,353 7,605 3,027 54 6 8 316 1 17 8 865 444 361 13,835 35 186 58 1 3 1 17 60 205 25 688 99 inn Emery and other abrasive wheels. 101 102 Engines, steam, gas, and water m Engraving and diesinking Engraving, steel, and copper plate, including plate prmt- M ns nfi Envelopes 3 10 44 4 2 258 11 1 3 3 5 12 4 2,922 273 2,965 13 1 7 49 288 7 11 41 268 26 385 69 13 5 6 9 7 2 23 12 67 62 519 35 202 5,786 464 4 18 32 47 104 165 76,451 5,352 68,076 725 12 116 488 6,821 55 1,235 666 13,729 1,350 43,448 934 82 102 167 43 68 206 192 205 5 29 7 389 1,518 194 07 Explosives , 108 m Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. Feathers and plumeis in 30 16 1 5 3,146 337 25 310 11 Fertilizers u Files n 14 Fire extinguishers, chemical . . Fireworks... . 15 13 4 17 8 4-, 580 415 4,052 21 11 11 32 1,649 22 12 48 3,352 30 661 39 24 151 102 4 14 S 349 57 9 455 320 487 515 403, 186 39,012 376,951 2,340 1,073 644 2,008 177, 093 1,277 772 3,628 212,223 1,829 105,061 1, 738 1,757 38,003 12,678 111 836 665 15,598 1,858 1,292 2 1 70 35 16 17 Flavoring extracts 18 Flax and hemp, dressed FIouT-mill and gristmill prod- ucts. Food preparations, not else- where specified. Foundry and machine-shop products. FnnTiflry pnppliVs 119 120 121 m 6,634 22 332 4 229,328 915 15,9?2 207 2.1 Fuel, manufactured ?A 1 1 109 1 5 15 5,160 5 125 Furnishing goods, men's Furniture . . 27 28 Galvanizing 129 130 131 Gas and electric fixtures Gas, illuminating and heating. Gas machines and gas and water meters. Glass 5 14 122 425 32 5 5 3 11 201 165 192 893 33 34 3ft Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting. Gloves and mittens, leather. . . Glucose and starch 36 Glue, not elsewhere specified . Gold and silver, leaf and foil. . Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Graphite, ground and refined. Grease and tallow, not in- clud ing lubricating greases. Grindstones 3V 38 39 40 8 1,301 41 42 Haircloth 2 160 43 Hair work 2 2 7 102 12 5 6 3 4 74 54 2,648 132 54 25 48 60 44 Hammocks 2 6 272 29 19 4 147 61 15 9 136 310 36,299 3,262 2,260 150 17,936 3,734 2,269 416 45 Hand stamps 46 Hardware 35 3 5 1 2 3 5 5 1,609 175 201 3 135 275 493 320 47 Hardware, saddlery 48 49 an Hat and cap materials Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, lur-felt 51 Hats, straw 52 53 Hones and whetstones 3 53 GENERAL TABLES. 549 POWETl AND rUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. POWER AND ruEL DSED — Continued. Primary power — Contd. Rented. Electric. Motors. 613 lis 1,979 43 344 1,509 28 1,148 437 687 132 219 1,905 49 200 33 35 138 265 4 3,912 3,029 29,^32 102 2,958 1,450 6,722 162 48 799 1,341 319 1,239 649 478 92 28 57 133 152 128 16 292 1,364 60 157 1,426 483 391 22 Horse- power. i,520 353 22,200 256 799 4,557 28 2,349 7,894' 1,958 180 1,696 47,450 677 4,033 251 160 235 876 152 112,441 34,347 302,822 1,417 2,359 2,460 3,329 46, 525 870 378 5,227 19, 271 2,502 14,224 2,521 1,277 2,456 454 206 1,157 430 2,145 97 137 64 81 588 12,191 623 431 1,135 2,655 1,075 329 75 Other. Horse- power. 537 20 21 941 56 57 61 40 365 50 100 122 4 '978 396 6,633 5 40 5,066 385 67 30 205 181 49 185 5 174 21 664 42 8 77 104 Electric motors run. by current generated in the establishments reporting. Num- ber. 17 83 61 2,493 4 290 2 459 1,130 41 213 890 24 20 1,007 1,075 23, 525 28 3 34 115 4,517 1 109 363 1,008 135 4,779 42 30 2,039 215 2 39 3 179 1 6 ,237 12 45 17 775 183 46 4 Horse- power. 103 1,220 413 36,580 ■4 744 1 1,461 17, 666 163 2,155 17, 816 547 628 184 37,807 13,414 287,987 403 67 159 918 37,834 25 1,134 1,545 19, 555 1,471 78, 672 238 ■26,820 4,556 10 315 15 '3,625 30 105 10 55 14, 349 135 5.56 65 S,486 813 668 7 Anthra- cite (tons ol 2,240 lbs.). Fuel used. Coal. 1,360 6,823 269 28,547 41 514 5,298 5 4,133 68,746 4,442 1,602 16, 763 13,451 15, 856 1,885 43 429 577 1,288 75 56,953 45, 276 311, 333 714 12, 289 3,185 6,301 60, 817 4,575 92 9,891 947, 261 5,305 41,372 5,618 2,530 101,240 17,490 1,257 907 737 15,606 81 1,964 356 26 936 40,643 4,136 5,704 1,193 76,954 7,183 4,976 58 Bitumi- nous (tons ot 2,000 lbs.). Coke (tons ol 2,0001bs.). 6,521 33,156 239,359 500 428 6,218 122 13, 295 269, 563 7,581 321 54, 168 433, 359 27,431 21, 954 445 4,449 1,245 4,095 7 1, 809, 968 387, 200 2,913,624 12, 1, 3, 12, 751, 28, 1,078, 72: 2,252,268 12,398 12, 262 648, 430 275,477 83 6,945 4,592 351,366 1, 232, 24, 1, 67,247 26,039 10,328 1,462 257 9,993 243 42,341 20 510 65 20 2,033 465 12 582 13,941 12,987 911, 547 2,391 70 60 17,263 6 6,631 2,211 1,084,217 2,380 16, 770 850 38 1,054 396 130 3,278 100 423 10 18 39,814 2,784 4 91 101 136 ■ 16 Oil, in- cluding gasoline (barrels). 351 372 16,641 63,796 100 27 42 4 1,162 103, 679 215 371 14, 651 27,851 27,342 2,190 31 83 412 665 153 441, 693 72,064 619,358 427 2,927 28 944 19,881 107 1,020 6,888 13,482,655 6,299 867, 836 3,695 207 6,280 22,634 13,794 959 10 2 73 28, 361 6,835 6 42 241 2 Gas (1,000 cubic feet). 54,264 15,629 70, 270 2,022,742 128 19, 186 14,815 180 3,374 22,100 36, 139 17, 791 5,690 49,631 48,138 9,859 1,674 120 2,961 17, 692 653 1,627,252 991,297 6,959,678 17,286 536 26,106 22, 484 242, 101 1,910 279, 988 81, 084 3,372,563 85,217 43, 336, 322 129,984 11,648 276 10, 947 1,277 16, 793 131,948 26,689 162 7,863 5 61,650 407,378 7,858 3,965 30,297 68,610 23, 745 1,193 904 550 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUEES : 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Hosiery and knit goods House-furnisliing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactured Ink, printing Ink, writing Instruments, professional and scientific. Iron and steel, blast furnaces . - Iron and steel, steel works and " rolling mills. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Iron and steel, cast-iron pipe . . Iron and steel, doors and shutters. Iron and steel forgings, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Ironandsteel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, wrought pipe. . Ivory, shell, and bone work, not including combs and hairpins. Japanning Jewelry Jewehy and instrument cases. ■Tute goods Labels and tags Lamps and reflectors Lapidary work Lard, not made in slaugh- tering and meat-packing es- tablishments. Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods, not elsewhere specified. Leather, tanned, curried, and fiflished. Lime Linen goods Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Lithographing Locomoti ves, not made by rail- road companies. Looking-glass and picture frames. Lubricating greases Lumber and timber products. Lumber, plantng-mill prod- ucts, not including planing mills connected with saw- mills. Malt Marble and stone work Matches Mats and matting, from cocoa fiber and grass. POWER AND FUEL USCD. Primary power. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments report ing. 20 281 2,487 64 18 256 160 427 187 17 ,633 93 34 91 128 82 5 59 25 280 335 21 350 1,229 234 252 19 203 47 26, 482 5,743 97 ,414 20 10 Total primary horse- power. 1,984 125, 842 11,731 461,988 7,821 612 6,799 1, 222, 273 2, 706, 563 28,897 25,864 3,170 38,215 8,235 17,542 708 110 15, 666 1,059 28,628 2,233 8,640 546 197 6,317 2,609 3,272 , 172, 712 39, 134 9,932 51, 971 406,884 9,356 15, 178 50,373 4,210 2,685 2, 246, 942 414, 817 33,394 207, 461 7,465 1,643 Owned by establishments reporting. Steam engines. Num- ber. 737 51 5,013 38 5 34 1,734 5,121 135 12 175 39 1,210 543 24 1,054 5,147 173 64 129 25 26 35, 270 ^,233 140 2,059 53 Horse- power. 6,655 414, 685 5,806 396 3,037 1,005,374 2,435,319 12,004 15,966 1,459 16,883 4,419 14,490 2,271 110 16,950 560 3,400 6 196 3,824 2,146 1,603 140, 299 25,388 7,879 49, 567 371,291 5,132 7, 430 35, 762 2,023 1,860 2, 102, 448 286, 018 24,318 110, 166 6,500 1,370 Internal- combustion engines. Num- ber. 244 18 49 104 123 33 3 2 22 91 123 49 78 125 20 31 12 14 1,330 1,028 6 994 1 3 Horse- power. 1,108 161 12, 535 784 37 811 194,037 73, 762 2,040 1,500 219 1,832 1,508 1,013 138 329 1,056 57 37 244 7,997 2,122 442 3,762 934 767 8,380 410 345 20,961 21, 514 65 12,529 4 85 Water wheels and water motors. Num- ber. 154 12 60 2,006 188 GENEEAL TABLES. 551 POWER AND FUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. POWER AND FUEL USED —continued Primary power— Con td . Fuel used. Electric motors run by current generated m the establlsliments Rented. Coal. Coke Electric. Otlier. reporting. Anthra- cite (tons of 2,240 lbs.). Bitumi- nous (tons of 2,000 lbs.). (tons of 2,000 lbs.). eluding gasoline (barrels). Gas (1,000 cubic feet). Motors. Horse- power. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 46 623 2 75 631 6,064 260 5,796 2,970 154 4,368 755 26,284 4,252 2,923 455 2,520 163 19,833 945 118,071 4,447 484,268 32,670 2,849 356 2,476 405 40,765 101,090 155 156 1,943 103 44 670 28,991 1,059 128 2,883 3,059 173 51 68 2,261 205 43 444 21,555 2,874 255 1,856 213,541 16,764 259 7,083 3,386,275 11,819 1,594 15,900 30,493 362 4 91 1,292,008 3,358 7,592,003 30,478 2,475 39,585 157 158 1,59 673 160 471 5,899 21,601 182,204 "2,' 957' 4,601 39, 997 190,981 1,025,511 47,060 558,723 1,892,357 20,343,767 26,335,234 495, 214 80,474 3,011,192 242, 218 81,310,122 161 162 961 13,651 12 246 4,911 13,734 79,891 3,117 56,610 642,628 163 444 167 8,198 942 1,172 44 20,320 839 45,663 379 99,991 6,480 248,305 15 2,036 3 163,833 25,816 164 165 989 17,048 1,672 456 8,028 18,068 285,573 21,737 323,875 961,363 166 69 1,228 100 52 1,347 1,344 20,984 146 5,023 51,495 167 258 53 2,987 196 10 58 1,777 22,677 54,002 329 392, 384 2,829 5,886 15 17,226 6 186,134 679 168 169 31 4,631 183 67 500 406 316 101 10,433 754 1,533 1,264 3,979 625 9 1,804 47 95 78 70 12 311 6,103 459 14,101 3,786 4,039 15 312 15,374 982 34,896 2,261 23,026 36 830 148 424 11 1 2,337 152 100 167 919 8 24 12.067 206,715 8,473 247 7,805 107,917 917 250 170 265 12 239 189 90 959 35 10,914 594 740 IVl 172 173 20 783 22 1V4 175 176 148 25 682 1,292 426 1,383 90 39 110 62 75 1,311 663 339 2,207 3,707 3,216 11,644 9,974 17,360 1 175 24 491 1,755 154 1,116 45,311 12,255 178 179 180 1,576 21,570 978 3,262 51,854 89,140 1,124,444 2,489 67,252 527,657 181 427 130 217 4,094 492 2,087 170 U,253 833 1,527 29,321 3,265 6,837 5,781 55 ""soi 835 17 154 92 95 617 11,357 11 1,774 4,388 1,598 2,405 5,834 82,637 252 7,200 71,065 76,141 23,150 8,839 571,ii88 326 13,918 43,734 677,071 14,370 909,617 2,749,600 7,569 32,116 263,343 60,159 82,447 673,853 182 183 1,916 11,198 28 873 22,636 65, 141 726,672 75,733 2,993 114,887 ^9,316 3,314,070 3,949 34,739 244,156 184 185 186 187 188 424 1,606 156 43 126 1,896 15,794 9 44 24,120 18i 66 1,768 10,216 390 37,086 95,644 90 2,033 4,658 48 4,351 2,720 906 113,007 30,096 931 24,586 44,552 13,950 885,537 457,943 159 1,966 2,971 14 454,092 48,539 8,321 91,975 350,275 190 191 195 362 4,322 119 60 7,736 66,997 873 188 900 1,346 8 685 1,299 451 38 13,419 27, 979 3,148 303 88,087 54,227 1,437 10 209, 948 485,850 41,630 4,766 11,975 8,279 15,631 28,634 39 4 1,343 151,403 4,758 2,666 19: 194 19f 60 19f 552 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND Mattresses and spring beds. . - Millinery and lace goods Mineral and soda waters Minerals and earths, ground- . Mirrors, framed and unframed . Models and patterns, not in- cluding paper patterns. Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts. Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and ma- terialSj not specified. Musical instruments, organs. . Musical instruments, pianos. . Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. Needles, pins, and books and eyes. Nets and seines Oakum Oil, cottonseed, and cake Oil, essential Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere specified . . . Oilcloth and linoleum, floor. . . Oilcloth, enameled Oleomargarine Optical goods Paints Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. Paper patterns Patent medicines and com- pounds. Paving materials Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling. Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylo- graphic. Pens, gold Pens, steel Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Phonographs and grapho- phones. Photo-engraving, not done in printing establishments. Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pickles, preserves, and sauces. Pipes, tobacco Plated ware Plumbers' supplies, not else- where specified. Pocketbooks Pottery Poultry, killing and dressing . Printing and publishing, book and job. Printing and publishing, music. Printing ajid publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Printing materials Pulp goods POWER AND FUEL USED. Primary power. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments report- ing. 7S3 1,542 4,690 238 159 652 67 88 138 73 220 131 13 6 880 37 25 128 18 13 17 298 639 718 277 933 591 56 13 46 12 5 182 162 18 345 62 50 602 37 68 239 37 297 35 10,660 30 13,395 Total primary horse- power. 21,674 12, 736 25,164 44,069 4,673 6,149 8,753 2,456 1,865 3,666 25, 981 14,702 4,813 1,940 333 249, 781 2,309 15, 511 10, 984 18,782 3,490 3,611 7,792 62, 955 ,621,154 27,366 362 18,542 138,026 4,235 3,738 1,167 138 244 1,913 128,468 11, 688 3,927 1,522 14, 960 18,840 1,716 10, 499 28,253 243 22, 339 2,230 116,233 694 187,269 671 8,826 Owned by establishments reporting. Steam engines. Num- Horse- ber. power. 71 54 570 291 36 18 22 36 9 19 163 81 26 5 1,623 47 61 221 124 24 20 14 374 2,980 13_6 2 196 1,204 36 2 16 1,818 20 6 50 318 13 47 129 1 257 21 207 5,209 4,832 7,935 25,811 2,269 612 2,660 1,164 360 1,770 20, 636 10,386 3,359 1,725 265 218,872 1,608 9,024 8,176 13, 521 1,965 2,246 3,176 39,686 597,840 19,096 225 9,515 87,862 3,512 3,225 315 225 367 94,052 9,865 385 657 12, 305 12,638 1,231 6,212 18,798 80 17,089 1,173 17,481 29, 336 163 6,742 Internal- combustion engines. Num- ber. 46 1,367 49 17 92 14 12 24 10 10 19 1 2 159 24 2 24 84 62 38 1 137 172 6 1 7 3 1 13 300 2 7 12 181 7 5 62 1 76 4 704 1 6,092 Horse- power. 1,769 378 5,466 1,476 301 978 319 201 684 219 710 663 35 6,748 251 115 807 480 5 102 3,001 9,674 507 1 1,408 3,306 256 30 74 22 10 335 18, 298 110 02 191 824 92 88 1,993 4 1,509 59 5,009 11 21,385 96 67 ^Vater wheels and water motors. Num- Horso- ber. power. 4 7 105 76 2 4 23 3,392 5 690 1,252 876, 741 966 170 715 319 7,277 116 106 100 35 135 146 498 620 30 1,035 100 250 7 2 170 100 2 100 3 12 7 1,487 1 2 1 85 8 165 7 4 395 385 4 135 34 115 293 1,210 845 GENERAL TABLES. 553 POWER AND FUEL, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914^Contmued. POWER AND FUEL USED— contmued. Primary power — Contd. Rented. Electric. Motors, 2,432 4,269 4,218 316 261 1,025 513 114 265 507 784 467 261 81 5 626 104 106 314 134 79 1,393 1,124 2,615 1,003 39 1,741 1,003 65 43 198 31 3 322 369 121 2,214 173 490 812 104 501 796 140 434 81 47,168 233 36,420 128 65 Horse- power. 14,363 6,563 11,001 9,503 1,795 4,105 5,739 911 686 1,677 4,347 3,022 144 48 23,126 6,122 1,506 5,261 1,045 1,181 3,742 15, 992 127,699 6,322 130 7,233 46,604 464 473 668 1,106 14,353 1,713 3,276 744 2,459 4,920 318 3,799 6,936 158 3,604 998 91,605 583 134,833 379 1,166 Otlier. Horse- power. 163 248 443 2 193 348 35 145 100 143 133 30 350 '495 180 82 3,025 9,200 476 6 216 164 3 38 5 293 75 5 141 1 2 1,023 Electric motors run by current generated, in the establishments reporting. Num- Horse- ber. power. 115 521 308 59 41 10 17 27 12 ,098 302 132 73 372 16 68 114 393 181 134 275 1,085 6,595 1,696 35 569 185 29 132 1 47 1,095 453 133 72 2,008 824 67 390 636 263 44 3,738 3,227 9 185 1,049 1,320 882 1,875 265 213 212 291 8,342 3,813 1,648 1,637 7,767 181 2,167 1,409 7,011 1,648 1,080 2,114 14,835 197, 512 8,784 125 3,235 6,215 320 1,582 Fuel used. Coal. Anthra- cite (tons of 2,240 lbs.). 220 24,261 5,687 10, 344 4,666 608 3,169 11, 899 82 2,731 196 12,690 15,290 7 2,453 4,608 13,610 16, 486 21,756 3,228 2,735 2,497 1,979 1,311 812 26, 891 9,109 4,630 263 1,628 5,507 3,969 13,661 12,988 30, 106 13, 568 325 2,404 69,667 741, 177 45,371 2, 065 39, 158 11,559 447 16,086 157 51 42 2,377 1, 367, 429 24,133 520 145 825 8,737 3,236 4,393 8,723 788 44,461 46,942 114 92,627 1,062 2,636 Bitumi- nous (tons of 2,000 lbs.). 30,507 33,896 64,667 166,919 16,040 3,518 21,467 7,055 2,589 12,691 138,619 34,624 14,978 5,591 408 1,232,031 5,668 85, 402 62, 276 • 145, 316 31,509 26, 057 13,611 278, 090 6,268,863 99, 113 499 87,366 665, 802 11,064 3,339 1,490 1,660 2,767 2,045,485 37, 730 4,019 4,010 80,263 137, 899 2,498 34, 199 223,308 278 577, 774 12, 132 114, 739 415 182,546 1,459 72,295 Coke (tons of 2,000 lbs.). 1,007 287 1,559 2,647 78 278 924 272 62 22 2,507 3,340 46 5 1,762 131 263 478 147 43 12, 712 15, 465 25 378 2,933 72 269 11 2 10 157,621 Oil, in- cluding gasoline (barrels). Gas (1,000 cubic feet). 952 2,623 10,406 37,473 1,310 194 8,113 135 40 171 1,649 259 1,139 41 248, 806 159 35,074 60 778 9 2,824 23,716 635,329 14 5,333 127, 219 1,858 10 6 7,455,918 29 16 30 268 120 949 64,428 5 785 1,591 2,271 40 214 281 20,736 88 6,841 36,669 6 70,903 180 4,922 32 44, 759 78,238 108,049 238,911 168,600 12,348 28,742 111,108 4,126 11,717 13,814 26,556 39,252 7,627 90 1, 519, 198 343 26,447 43,454 413 802 14,286 293, 565 2,260,662 34,344 511 425,142 498, 961 10,239 2,091 1,991 906 1,128 13, 394 10,993,746 53,616 37,475 3,982 11,425 76,762 2,260 32, 684 1,216,885 19,250 8,348,257 15,371 641,594 1,078 1,535,924 5,614 1,398 554 CENSUS or manufactures : 1914. TABLE 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND INDCSTKT. POWER AND FUEL USED. Primary power. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments report- ing. Total primaiy horse- power. Owned by establishments reporting. Steam engines. Internal- combustion engines. Water wheels and wster . motors. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 1 79 82 111 72 69 112 274 7 1,161 39 82 10 44 474 93 78 65 12 4 45 76 811 725 115 299 884 101 911 37 21 29 63 292 62 113 79 261 142 44 265 130 70 175 381 96 1,081 60 179 150 3,488 13,723 11,332 665 15,571 11,702 151,927 441 10,397 8,406 29,007 3,153 5,606 7,930 11,793 6,201 7,988 8,044 6,031 18,198 ' 83,706 31,627 17,617 4,145 7,370 116,924 8,239 253,066 194, 980 29,734 30,705 10,075 35,737 3,726 4,356 8,098 34,767 6,703 826 38,630 17,254 411 6,983 41,196 7,964 109,374 76,705 113,246 1 14 68 69 3 68 114 445 3 66 18 309 27 48 96 34 21 14 20 13 33 392 439 124 22 36 527 38 1,656 399 68 154 45 399 11 22 36 164 28 2 ■ 167 100 1 4 219 25 396 449 1,382 150 1,377 8,166 8,583 66 13,927 6,253 121,144 385 3,344 4,670 24,900 2,695 5,252 2,476 5,412 2,160 2,280 6,354 6,016 15,060 60,208 19,391 9,054 1,766 3,437 78,302 5,450 210,536 147,536 20,387 33,564 7,567 29,805 1,764 1,693 4,137 20,496 2,386 245 19,350 13,031 18 107 22,942 4,066 41,467 70,507 112,776 Pumps, not including power pumps. Pumps, steam and otherpower 32 14 20 5 3 7 26 1 148 5 42 680 473 496 204 82 211 1,605 25 662 250 779 9 2 411 75 Regalia and society badges and emblems. Rice, cleaning and polishing . . 3 28 56 3,273 Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified. Rules, ivory and wood Saddlery and harness • 7 119 Safes and vaults Salt 3 78 Sand and emery paper and cloth. Rj^Tifl-liTTtp y\rifAr 3 37 16 19 13 15 421 371 248 581 Sausage, not made in slaugh- tering and meat-packing establishments. Saws 3 2 91 37 Sewing-machine cases Sensing machines and attach- ments. Shipbuilding, iron and steel. .. Shipbuilding, wooden, includ- ing boat building. Shirts 6 14 488 127 15 34 53 11 96 10 3 21 10 10 5 23 19 72 20 3 48 28 6 12 56 28 330 39 50 219 674 4,762 1,077 223 620 1,762 638 2,412 825 145 1,751 205 120 161 302 798 2,662 602 lOO 2,116 522 71 138 2,697 721 13,086 928 438 6 291 5 24 94 856 Show cases Signs and advertising novelties Silk goods, including throw- sters. Silversmithing and silverware. Slaughtering and meat pack- ing. Smelting and refining, copper. Smelting and refining, lead . . , Smelting and refining, zinc . . . Smelting and refining, not from the ore. Soap 1 73 I 13 30 7,605 420 15 10,000 6 2 5 300 19 166 Soda-water apparatus Sporting and athletic goods. . . Springs, steel, car and car- riage, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Stamped-and enameled ware, not elsewhere specified. Stationery goods, not else- where specified. Statuary and art goods Steam fittings and steam and Steam packing 9 3 2 2 405 190 130 66 2 3 60 265 Stencils and brands Stereotyplngandelectrotyping Stoves and hot-air furnaces.. Stoves, gas and oil 1 7 5 124 Structural ironwork .not made in steel works or rolling mills. 5 18 256 195 Sugar, cane GENERAL TABLES. 555 POWER AND FUEL, FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. POWEK AND FUEL USED — continued Primary power— Contd. Electric motors run bY current generated in the establishments reporting. Fuel used. Eented. Coal. Coke (tons of 2,0001bs.). Oil, in- cluding gasoline (barrels). Gas (1,000 cubic feet). Electric. Other. Anthra- cite (tons of 2,240 lbs.). Bitumi- nous (tons of 2,000 lbs.). Motors. Horse- power. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 24 142 980 40 40 356 812 6,942 5,233 674 26,667 25 453 297 185 4,979 2,072 385 30 181 10 925 335 51 9,361 2,533 188 21,312 1,348 247 34,969 33,701 2,609 9,636 168,169 919,066 14,558 '^302 61 8,249 763 23,902 24,961 7,830 26 25 49 438 888 1,562 5,182 25,664 "■■"24i' 25 174 3,743 408 2,187 68,334 41,479 69,882 8,778 2S 7,610 68,793 1,119 348 171,580 371,283 25 25 6 1,575 396 195 36 31 6,237 3,486 3,260 397 35' ei' 85 104 175 358 28 235 647 2,778 4,492 180 ■ 4 3,689 216 85,894 2,727 767 4,020 3,832 34,229 18,326 714,402 19,321 187 37,562 7,336 869,339 25 679 666 535 3,089 608 65,443 6 26 25 26 26 15 606 339 4,943 26,289 16,649 712 481 770 1,966 2fi 90 29 203 68,442 2(i 447 626 246 161 4 163 5,870 3,742 4,987 1,690 15 2,419 49 14 140 ■■■■2i9' 76 63 21 18 173 820 1,569 583 620 566 3,532 13,412 2,604 3,868 778 6,882 40,214 15,032 13, 148 22,716 18, 109 40,268 889 5,654 28 117 26,137 823 2,766 81,616 11,606 41,711 26 26 26 22,948 , 92,083 ?fil 44,930 3,688 1,486 26 1,001 660 22,924 7,161 '"'Hi' 2,215 113 36,376 814 4,388 9,063 219,785 32,036 9,877 671 111,637 11,292 399,266 5,629 27 27 1,548 357 1,027 6,383 6,131 2,073 3,358 23,748 500 83 25 5,507 580 32 293 8,571 2,548 137 1,122 23,663 24,625 779 2 554 1,053; 756 41, 910 10,687 32,441 249,963 1,066 7 141 48 3,866 69 2,290 2,962 82,244 4,552 46,124 148,252 27 27 27 27 408 3,440 1,391 39, 116 340 987 S59 6,403 2,619 78,694 4,310 222, 975 22,860 2,786,196 682 13,859 11,386 1,201,456 41,160 2,014,966 27 27 1,236 376 40 215 36,620 9,202 1,090 2,290 4' 1,918 466 952 243 51, 693 10, 535 23,464 5,274 299,480 812,196 358,484 1,060,525 136,140 744,256 389,826 92, 595 44,011 2, 303, 755 186,656 145, 811 104, 961 10,616 90,656 22,336,089 636,872 27 27 656,766 25,507 28 28 432 290 277 367 4,014 1,790 1,716 2,900 1,632 21 240 73 1,470 96 144 92 12,946 1,007 1,414 1,417 83,378 1,616 2,035 2,666 515,356 13, 907 12,975 31,567 2,850 82 202 2,828 36,150 518 990 130,670 70,948 16, 172 12,429 374,044 28 28. 28 28 945 11,273 206 974 9,965 32,540 343,920 13,920 123,261 .1,060,671 28 1,000 2,733 16 '905 1,907 3,540 20,273 30 1,813 22,417 28 88 1,445 436 16,836 45 268 26 1,086 155 12,823 1,451 18,684 3,274 162,996 142 120,416 286 67,776 10, 117 684,684 28. 28 322 120 2,381 1,655 340 4,790 3,347 314 6,493 15,365 3,151 64,249 89 8 240 78 17 316 348 6,229 10,402 253 2,377 16,990 11,390 28,428 157,331 269 2,617 144,390 36,404 280,412 9,806 26 206 96,793 5,665 35,416 2,664 17 26 1,777 6,294 130,620 20,787 4,176 38, 922 177,448 74, 449 1,003,167 29 29 22 752 307 5,074 72 9,063 3,284 67,399 29 29 29 29 180 6 5,075 32 634 80 12, 796 2,737 37,235 2,487 682,693 30,411 37,854 15 803,698 840,179 4,789 29 29 556 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXJEES : 1914. Table 220.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OP PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED, AND reiDDSTEY. Sugar, refining Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Surgical appliances . ; Suspenders, garters, and elas- tic woven goods. Theatrical scenery Tinfoil Tin plate and terneplate Tinware, not elsewliere speci- fied. Tobacco, chewing and smok- ing, and snufl. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. Tools, not elsewhere specified. Toys and games Trunks and valises Turpentine and rosin Type founding Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes Upholstering materials, not elsewhere specified. Varnishes Vault lights and ventUators. Vinegar and cider Wall paper, not made in paper mills. Wall plaster Washing machines and clothes wringers. Waste Watch and clock materials.- . Watch cases Watches Wheelbarrows Whips Windmills Window and door screens and weather strips. Window shades and fixtures. . Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable, not else- where specified. Wood carpet Wood distillation, not includ- ing turpentine and rosin. Wood preserving Wood, turned and carved Wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. Wool pulling Wool scouring Wool shoddy... Woolen and worsted goods. - . All other industries POWER AND FUEL USED. Primary power. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments renort- ing. 129 154 29 223 249 661 595 227 330 469 31 97 202 167 569 48 157 95 73 21 29 12 18 34 30 181 133 54 409 5 77 61 750 236 27 23 62 781 5 Total primary horse- power. 49, 666 24,927 6,361 7,624 65 2,468 9,355 19, 139 21,273 17, 464 38, 474 6,789 7,666 2,478 1,667 10,887 2,579 18, 753 7,656 491 13, 162 7,010 36, 626 4,903 8,513 626" 2,386 6, 624 1,198 1,076 3,997 6,607 83,940 21,547 131 10,045 11,801 43, 334 20,711 2,248 7,579 12,440 381,220 1,027 Owned by establishments reporting. Steam engine.s. Num- ber. 262 137 27 104 97 173 40 53 325 6 45 17 143 65 2 312 55 114 26 39 6 13 24 25 16 IS 36 34 218 93 210 528 162 26 28 61 :,098 5 Horse- power. 45,407 17,096 5,175 3,954 1,500 7,116 10, 143 17,550 8,303 18,070 3,464 4,608 1,669 598 8,781 1,688 12,665 4,196 45 7,188 6,636 18, 730 3,516 4,730 362 1,132 6,787 898 608 2,960 6,349 6,314 63,016 9,075 8,230 10,961 33, 441 17,122 1,619 5,260 7,498 277, 479 750 Internal- combustion engines. Num- ber. 4 3 57 20 52 161 44 15 193 6 10 15 16 23 12 224 2 31 1 2 3 2 14 44 7 22 104 6 105 54 Horse- power. 1,525 167 81 90 483 1,160 245 435 4,831 696 232 789 399 178 259 343 225 153 2,261 32 2,201 376 159 110 4 190 70 65 223 606 80 3,429 1,546 1,787 20 2,452 75 Water wheels and water motors. Num- ber. 2 12 12 257 60 2,664 13 550 6 651 4 20 136 39 1 11 44 667 1 Horse- power. 325 796 110 12 73 1,840 5 706 9 1 600 3 5 71 450 40 86 993 393 139 4,151 1,182 100 1,215 3,230 72,620 160 GENEEAL TABLES. 557 POWER AND FUEL,, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1914— Continued. POWER AND FUEL USED— Continued . Primary power — Contd. Rented. Electric. Motors. 157 274 15 44 133 1,120 1,128 1,471 505 605 182 457 67 247 163 145 26 264 192 18 64 46 410 402 664 1,296 4 19 41 457 165 2,021 5 Horse- power. 4,190 2,381 2,670 65 868 1,756 6,668 3,221 8,645 11,783 2,109 2,119 650 1,803 685 2,740 3,043 288 1,828 1,262 14,962 1,006 2,704 146 1,233 647 159 398 364 2,233 1,115 16,463 10,391 492 3,162 1,455 379 1,114 1,496 23,022 42 Other. Horse- power. 3,925 1,276 181 10 15 36 166 18 6 46 27 5 320 5 17 13 40 142 250 793 328 196 6,647 Electric motors run by current generated in the establishments reporting. Num- Horse- ber. power. 1,841 569 304 651 22 159 1,436 725 213 664 108 203 1 498 483 25 44 5 118 144 81 62 22 67 609 18 2 193 295 268 972 479 109 114 139 92 2 64 22 6,032 65 19,826 10, 613 3,688 1,664 347 2,192 6,836 7,516 2,273 8,402 789 2,274 2 611 6,644 313 1,208 1,047 17 1,347 2,722 1,724 989 366 369 2,801 211 7 2,221 2,161 4,834 22,995 3,914 1,695 3,097 1,168 1,256 45 362 420 116,374 1,177 Fuel used. Coal. Anthra- cite (tons of 2,2401bs.). 451, 310 69,645 2,134 1,803 78 6,604 15,137 10,867 37,800 16,866 2,795 4,217 3,140 14, 367 6,376 11,408 11,899 63 3,741 16,328 49,725 638 6,064 571 1,388 3,003 409 192 6 173 5,161 30,067 3,221 201 38,994 20 2,934 1,381 645 1,471 7,956 235,694 10 Bitumi- nous (tons of 2,000 lbs.). Coke (tons of 2,000 lbs.) 875,882 184,393 34,743 24,590 133 2,414 125, 742 78,642 177,688 71,889 108,648 14, 245 21,630 1,092 29,416 4,088 46,231 23,464 584 23,711 39,674 180,849 10,913 19,888 2,994 8,860 25,024 2,832 1,799 18,999 10,468 46,388 623, 603 70,622 250 196,594 106.524 18,018 16,266 13, 578 27,409 41,042 1,644,376 4,882 1,624 1,547 211 4 214 811 648 677 6,947 1,676 202 87 345 49 1,000 12,749 333 44 6,764 438 4 187 16 31 3,613 7 10 14,329 1,611 773 4 4 180 1,608 Oil, in- cluding (barrels). 748, 533 32,769 126 196 25,000 8,229 187 56,608 449 187 783 123 8,162 3,926 2,123 169 10 1,519 6 137,013 263 453 2,077 1,460 342 1,247 206 88,979 6,034 18 63,366 948 544 1,493 3,073 125 28,664 231 Gas (1,000 cubic feet). 283,952 7,401 11,537 339 2,6'81 1,017,336 294,047 85,166 204,060 358,844 29,036 21, 748 29,567 68,025 16,291 1,277 73,140 2,226 5,706 41, 197 30,207 9,707 3,726 1,174 34,221 25,237 150,392 1,328 1,764 12,598 6,991 415,873 78,991 170 1,621,666 196,668 76,633 2,677 10,196 67 65,466 67, 794 838 558 CENStrs OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Table 331 COMPARATIVE SUMMAEY, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES- 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899. DIVISION AND STATE. Cen- sus Number of estab- lisb- y^'^- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Expressed in thousands. United States. Geographic divs.: New England Middle Atlantic. East North Central, West North Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. West South Central, Mountain. Pacific. New England. Maine New Hampshire. ^'ermont. Massachusetts. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1399 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 275, 791 268, 491 216, 180 ,207,514 7,036,337 6,615,046 6,468,383 4,712,763 22,547,574 18,676,376 13,487,707 10,097,893 1522,790,980 18,428,270 12,675,581 8,975,256 25,193 25,351 22, 279 22, 676 86,466 81,315 67, 699 65,834 59,896 60,013 51,754 50, 621 27, 199 27,171 21,492 20,732 28,925 28,088 19, 664 19, 144 14, 410 15, 381 10, 311 10,058 12,417 12, 339 8,279 7,174 6,079 6,254 3,610 3,146 16,206 13, 579 11,192 8,329 1,140,233 1,101,290 940,752 851,903 2,366,940 2,207,747 1,886,565 1,604,844 i;680,281 1,513,764 1,224,528 1,073,322 381, 595 374,337 312,361 266,051 685,342 663, 015 522, 611 458,344 264,378 261, 772 221, 229 177, 208 211,940 204, 520 143, 470 113,388 81,113 75,436 52, 790 44, 497 235, 615 213, 166 164, 077 123,206 3,125,629 2,716,121 2,125,815 1,792,342 6, 699, 576 6,631,502 4, 255, 264 3, 139, 128 6, 464, 935 4,382,070 3, 120, 369 2,401,808 1,241,940 1,101,990 753, 700 606, 098 2, 274, 785 1, 832, 001 1, 221, 040 851, 050 1,157,367 1,036,560 763, 928 513, 425 1,010,050 873, 350 655, 717 397, 471 463, 478 400, 766 241, 825 123,012 1,109,814 802, 016 460, 049 274, 559 2,948,040 2,503,864 1,870,995 1,607,630 7,836,071 6,606,675 4,742,357 3,460,619 5,913,681 4,547,225 2, 895, 446 2,056,117 1, -121, 1,81 1,171,672 857, 904 577, 453 1,644,539 1,368,475 930, 420 683,328 713,357 586, 276 406,361 234, 014 687,819 547, 739 328, 906 193, 969 469, 971 348, 977 220, 569 126, 724 1,153,321 848, 477 423,623 245, 402 3,378 3,546 3,145 2,878 1,736 1,961 1,618 1,771 1,772 1,958 1,699 1,938 12,013 11,684 10,723 10,929 82, 149 79, 955 74, 958 69, 914 78, 993 78, 068 65, 366 67, 646 32,704 33,788 33, 106 28,179 684,559 488, 399 438, 234 487, 211 459, 599 343,627 259,232 344,093 293, 991 218, 344 200, 075 173, 937 159, 445 140,616 126, 124 1,396,722 1,175,071 938,007 796,061 233, 844 202, 260 143, 708 114,008 156, 749 139, 990 109, 495 92, 146 79, 847 73,470 62, 669 43,600 ,548,961 ,279,687 985,949 781,868 S4,078,332 3,427.038 2,610,445 2,008,361 628, 409 557,631 439,050 367,674 1,370,131 1, 182, 568 926, 145 729,365 1,072,538 827, 162 615, 643 473, 040 235,471 204, 792 157, 843 117,209 244,378 175, 461 130, 864 117, 987 102, 191 83,942 56,003 116,128 97, 646 67, 128 42, 716 66,358 66, 870 39, 046 27, 714 178, 247 153, SlO 106, 187 63, 777 43,254 37, 632 32, 692 25,731 40, 642 36,200 27, 693 25,850 18,617 17, 272 16,221 11,426 341, 310 301,174 232,389 195,278 1, 657, 674 1,476,297 1, 116, 273 904, a37 4,680,993 4,169,498 2,961,995 2, 311, 404 3,795,039 3,034,472 2,045,537 1,647,577 1,397,841 1,241,856 862, Oil 647,565 1,003,068 790, 005 550, 102 395, 686 387,011 336,163 252, 156 176,606 526,907 382, 131 246, 832 163, 610 272,215 228, 692 152, 813 115,606 647,341 493, 678 312, 489 223,960 117, 655 97, 101 80,042 61,210 114, 993 98, 167 73,216 , 60,163 42, 706 34,823 32,430 26,385 931,384 830,765 626,411 498,655 I GENEEAL TABLES. 559 Table 231- -COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. DIVISION AND STATE. Cen- sus year. Number of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. New England— Con. Rhode Island Connecticut. Middle Atlantic: New York Now Jersey - Pennsylvania. East North Central; Ohio Indiana. Illinois. Michigan.. ■Wisconsin. West Noetii Central: Minnesota Iowa. . Missouri.. North Dakota.. South Dakota 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 2,190 1,951 1,617 1,678 4,104 4,261 3,477 3,382 48,203 44,935 37, 194 35,957 9,742 8,817 7,010 6,415 27,521 27,563 23,495 23,462 15,658 15,138 13,785 13,868 8,022 7,969 7,044 7,128 18,388 18,026 14,921 14,374 8,724 9,159 7,446 7,310 9,104 9,721 8,558 7,841 5,974 6,561 4,756 4,096 5,614 5,528 4,785 4,828 8,386 8,375 6,464 6,853 752 507 337 1,020 686 624 113,425 113,538 97,318 88,197 226,264 210,792 181,605 159,733 1, 057, 857 1,003,981 856, 947 726,909 373,605 326,223 265, 336 213,975 924,478 877, 543 763,282 66 3,980 510, 436 446,934 364,298 308,109 197,503 186,984 154,174 139,017 506,943 465, 764 379,436 332,871 271,090 231,199 175,229 155,800 194,310 182,583 151,391 137,525 92,834 84,767 69,636 64,557 63,113 61,635 49,481 44,420 152, 182 152,993 133,167 107,704 3,275 2,789 1,765 1,368 3,788 3,602 2,492 2,224 269,854 226,740 181,017 153,619 463,812 400,275 304,204 256,331 2,356,666 1,997,662 1,616,692 1,099,931 793,063 612,293 436, 274 322,503 3,549,858 2,921,647 2, 302, 398 1,716,694 2,002,780 1,583,166 1,116,932 783,665 709, 703 633,377 380, 758 325,919 1,305,930 1,013,071 741,555 669,347 764,183 598,288 440,890 368, 497 682, 339 654, 179 440,234 364,380 368,737 297,670 220,934 180,124 191,094 166,384 118,065 106,664 391,385 340,467 247,861 189, 117 15,062 13,196 9,873 7,351 16,324 17,666 11,164 11,776 $308,445 290,901 215,901 176,901 620,194 517,646 373,283 299,207 3,334,278 2,779,497 2,031,460 1,523,503 1,362,382 977, 172 715,060 477,301 3,149,411 2,749,006 1,905,837 1,449,815 1,677,552 1,300,733 856,989 570,909 668,863 608,717 312,071 219,321 1,943,836 1,548,171 975, 845 732,830 869,143 583,947 337,894 246,996 754,287 605, 667 412,647 286,061 364,434 275,416 184,903 133,077 233,128 171,219 111,428 85,668 522,548 444,343 379,369 223, 781 14, 213 11,685 6,704 3,512 15,060 13,018 7,586 6,051 S59, 366 56,234 43,113 35,995 125,220 110,119 87,942 73,394 631,042 657,231 430,015 337,324 211,136 169,710 128, 169 95,165 627,953 456, 627 367,961 298,876 317,924 246, 450 182, 429 136, 428 119,269 95,510 72,058 59,280 340,910 273,319 208,405 159, 104 182,252 118,968 81,279 62,532 112,193 93,905 71,472 55,696 58,507 47, 471 35, 843 29,029 39,860 32,542 22,997 18,021 89, 197 80,843 66, 644 46, 714 2,416 1,787 1,032 671 2,628 2,297 1,422 1,130 $162,425 158,192 112,872 87,962 288,611 257,269 191,302 169,672 2,108,607 1,856,904 1,348,603 1,018,377 883, 465 720,034 470,449 334,726 1,688,921 1,582,660 1,142,943 968,301 1,020,782 824,202 627, 637 409,303 423,857 334,375 220,507 195,163 1,340,184 1,160,927 840,057 681,450 592,801 368,612 230,081 175,966 417,416 346,366 227,255 185,695 336,849 281,622 210,664 150,299 206, 451 170,70? 102, 844 85,779 388,715 364,411 252,258 184,189 14,484 13,674 7,096 4,151 17,080 11, 476 8,697 6,484 $279, 546 280, 344 202,110 165,550 545, 472 490,272 369, 082 315, 106 3,814,661 3,369,490 2,488,346 1,871,831 1,406,633 1,146,529 774,369 653,006 2,832,350 2,626,742 1,955,551 1,649,882 1,782,808 1,437,936 960,812 748,671 730,795 579,075 393,954 337,072 2,247,323 1,919,277 1,419,342 1,120,868 1,086,163 685,109 429,120 319,692 695,172 590,305 411, 140 320,753 493,354 409, 420 307, 858 223,693 310,750 259, 238 160,572 132, 871 637,952 574,111 439,549 316,304 21,147 19,137 10, 218 24, 139 17, 870 13,086 9,530 560 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 221.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. DIVISION AMI) STATE. Cen- sus year. Number of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. W. N. Central— Con. Nebraska South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland . Dist. Columbia.. Virginia.. West VirEtinia. North Carolina South Carolina. Georgia. Florida.. East South Central; Kentucky Tennessee. , Alabama. . Mississippi . 1914 1909 1904 1899 2,492 2,500 1,819 1,695 1914 1909 1904 1899 3,136 3,435 2,475 2,299 1914 1909 1904 1899 808 726 631 633 1914 1909 1904 1899 4,797 4,837 3,852 3,886 1914 1909 1904 1899 514 518 482 491 1914 1909 1904 1899 5,508 5,685 3,187 3,186 1914 1909 1904 1899 2,749 2,586 2,109 1,824 1914 1909 1904 1899 5,507 4,931 3,272 3,465 1914 1909 1904 1899 1,885 1,854 1,399 1,369 1914 1909 1904 1899 4,639 4,792 3,219 3,015 1914 1909 1904 1899 2,518 2,159 1,413 1,275 1914 1909 1904 1899 4,184 4,776 3,734 3,648 1914 1909 1904 1899 4,775 4,609 3,175 3,116 1914 1909 1904 1899 3,242 3,398 1,882 2,000 1914 1909 1904 1899 2,209 2,.i98 1,.520 1,294 25,144 24, 336 20,260 18, 669 41,259 44, 215 35,570 27,119 22, 155 21,238 18, 475 20,562 111,585 107, 921 94, 174 94, 170 8,877 7,707 6,299 6,155 102, 820 105, 676 80,285 66,223 71, 078 63,893 43, 758 33, 080 136,844 121,473 85,339 72,322 71,914 73, 046 59,441 47,025 104, 461 104,588 92, 749 83,336 55,608 57, 473 42,091 35,471 64,586 65,400 59, 794 51, 735 74,373 73,840 60,572 45,963 78, 717 72, 148 62, 173 52, 711 46, 702 60,384 38, 690 26,799 90, 192 64, 466 46,372 41,825 179,146 213, 141 . 99, 441 68,242 64,403 52, 779 49, 490 40, 134 26-3, 753 218,244 165, 449 132, 052 24, 775 16, 563 12, 592 10,256 337,667 283,928 176,998 136, 696 278, 504 217, 496 138, 578 91,894 508, 085 378, 556 216, 622 154, 467 340, 224 276, 378 197, 479 112,697 357, 403 298,241 220, 419 136, 499 100, 071 89, 816 43,413 36,356 238, 314 230, 224 174, 625 144, 161 286,857 242, 277 175, 780 130, 318 445, 762 357,837 293, 185 173,208 186, 434 206, 222 110, 338 65,738 $121,008 99, 901 80,235 65,906 163, 790 156, 090 88,680 69,458 60,906 60,926 38, 791 293, 211 251, 227 201,878 149, 155 40, 810 30, 553 20,200 17, 961 261, 501 216, 392 147,989 92,300 175,995 160, 922 88,821 49, 103 253,842 217, 186 141, 001 68,283 203, 211 173, 221 113, 422 62, 760 258,326 202, 778 135,211 79,303 88,319 66,291 32, 972 25,682 193,423 172, 779 147, 282 87,996 211,423 167, 924 102, 440 63,140 227,505 173, 180 105, 383 60, 166 81,006 72, 393 50,256 I 22, 712 I S16, 893 13, 948 "11,022 8,842 26,970 26,904 18,883 12,802 11,382 10,296 8,158 8,457 53, 792 45, 436 36, 144 32, 414 6,069 4,989 3,659 3,023 44, 874 38, 154 27,943 20,274 43, 784 33,000 21,153 12,640 46.039 34,355 21,375 14,052 24,173 20,361 13,869 9,130 38,128 34, 805 27,393 19,958 24,822 22,982 15. 767 10, 916 31,830 27,888 24,439 18, 464 33,083 28,251 22,806 14, 727 33,897 27,284 21, 878 14,912 19,177 18. 768 14,819 7,910 S174, 114 151,081 124,052 96,925 261, 148 268,884 166,510 120,738 31,649 30, 938 24,884 24,725 238,972 199,049 150,024 129,356 12,239 10, 247 7,732 7,475 156,319 125,583 83,649 110, 033 92, 878 54, 419 37,228 169,942 121, 861 79,268 44,854 91,009 66,351 49,969 30,486 160,089 116,970 83,625 49,366 33, 816 26,128 16,532 12,847 114, 829 111, 779 86,546 67,406 123,430 104,016 79,352 54,559 107, 412 83, 442 60,458 37,998 41,340 36,926 25,801 16,543 GENEBAL TABLES. 561 Table 221.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. PIVraiON AND STATE. West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana. Oklahoma.. Texas. Mountain: Montana. Idaho. Wyoming. Colorado. New Mexico.. Arizona. Utah.. Nevada. Pacitic: Washington., Oregon.. California. Cen- sus year. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1901 1899 1914 1909 11904 11899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1009 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1914 1909 1904 1899 1914 1909 1904 1899 Number of estab- lish- ments. 2,604 2,925 1,907 1,746 2,211 2,516 2,091 1,826 2,618 2,310 1,123 495 5,084 4,588 3,168 3,107 677 382 395 725 364 287 337 268 169 139 2,126 2,034 1,606 1,323 368 313 199 174 322 311 169 154 1,109 749 606 675 180 177 115 3,829 3,674 2,761 1,926 2,320 2,246 1,602 1,406 10,067 7,659 6,839 4,997 Wage earners ( average number). 41,979 44, 982 33,089 31,625 77,666 76, 165 66, 859 40,878 17,443 13, 143 6,466 2,381 74,863 70, 230 49, 066 38,604 13,704 11,665 8,967 9,864 8.919 8,220 3,061 1,562 2,989 2,867 1,834 2,060 27, 278 28,067 21,813 19, 498 3,776 4,143 3,478 2,490 6,441 4,793 3,126 13,894 11,786 8,052 6,413 3,655 2,267 802 604 67,205 69, 120 46, 199 31,623 28,750 18,523 14,459 139, 481 116,296 100, 365 77,224 Primary horse- power. 177, 208 173, 088 109,509 79,560 399, 743 346,652 251,963 190, 182 97,308 71. 139 29,608 11,672 335, 791 282, 471 164,637 116,157 91,671 90, 402 46, 736 43, 679 50,326 42,804 16,987 5,649 10,004 7,628 3,604 3,820 162, 828 154, 616 124, 907 43, 434 15,668 15,466 6,948 3,668 54,697 39. 140 21,412 8,537 59,636 42,947 19, 397 12,674 18, 748 7,765 2,834 1,561 399,567 297, 897 16S, 342 87,601 219,222 175,019 81,348 60,005 491,025 329,100 210, 359 126,963 Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. $77, 162 70, 174 46,306 26,386 $20,752 19, 113 14,644 10,184 261,635 221,816 150,811 100,875 39,644 33,386 25,316 14,726 66,478 38,873 16, 124 4,064 11,011 7,210 2,799 894 283,544 216,876 116,665 63,665 44,821 37,907 24,469 16,912 79,246 44,588 62,690 38,225 13,001 10,901 8,652 7,377 44,961 32,477 9,689 2,130 7,491 5,498 2,059 818 29,270 6,195 2,696 2,048 2,312 2,081 1,261 1,209 181,776 162,668 107,664 58,173 20,200 19,912 15,100 11, 708 8,984 7,743 4,638 2,161 2,696 2,691 2,163 1, 199 40,300 32,873 14,396 9,517 6,229 5,505 3,969 2,287 71,843 52,627 26,004 13,219 10,852 8,400 6,158 2,763 13,591 9,806 2,892 1,251 3; 678 1,982 694 353 277,715 222,261 96,953 41,575 61, 703 49, 766 30, 087 17,065 139,500 89, 082 44,023 28,359 20,931 19,902 11,443 6,822 736, 106 637, 134 282,647 175,468 105,613 84,142 64,6.57 39,890 $44, 907 34, 935 21, 799 18,288 167,886 134, 865 117,035 75,404 70,970 34, 153 16,394 6,430 253, 144 178, 178 91,604 54,388 46, 744 49, 180 40, 930 30,068 14, 892 9,920 4,069 1,439 6,560 2,608 1,301 1,370 89, 766 80,491 63, 114 60, 761 4,430 3,261 2,236 1,999 39,283 33,600 14,696 7,877 62,233 41,266 24,940 11, 440 9,317 8,366 1,628 662 136,609 117,888 66,166 38,277 63,258 50,552 30,697 20,789 447,474 325, 238 216, 726 164, 894 ' Includes Indian Territory. 562 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUEES : 1914. Table 222. -CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PEODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGEB, [This table is made up in ttiree DIVISION AHD STATK. United States... Oeogkaphic divisions: Now England Middle Atlantic East Nortii Central . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. "West South Central . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jeisey Pennsylvania East Nobth Central: Ohio Indiana lUinoB Michigan Wisconsin West Nokth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas. South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia , Virginia West Virginia North Carolina. South Carolina Geoi^gia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Tesas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington. Or^on California Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 275,7M 25,19S 86,486 ■ 59,896 27,199 28,925 14,410 12,417 6,Q79 16,206 3, 1, 1, 12, 2, *, 48, 9, 27, 15, 8, 18, Capital. Dollars, 22,790,979,937 2,948,039,652 7,835,070,438 5,913,680,941 1,424,181,443 1,644,535^28 713,357,152 687,818,981 469,971,356 l,153,321,r-- 3, 2, 10, 233,844,434 156,748,853 79, 846, 775 1,548,960,733 308,444,663 6a), 194, 294 3,334,277,526 1,352,381,873 3,149,411,089 1,677,551,1 688,863,232 1,943,835,846 869, 143, 114 754,287,116 354,434,177 233,128,542 622,543,083 14,213,362 15,059,583 121,007,944 163, 789, 752 69,323,927 293,210,925 40,810,200 261,501,288 175,995,011 253,811,808 203,210,875 258,325,811 88,318,983 193,423,069 211,423,167 227,505,432 81,005,484 77,162,485 261,635,022 65,477,654 283,543,820 79,246,396 44,960,489 29,270,117 181,775,339 8,983,679 40,300,365 71,843,168 13,590,803 277,715,262 139,500,379 736,105,455 expenses. Services. Officials. 4,310,482 3,128,632 1, 778, 963 39,137,316 7,042,713 16,475,434 99,943,877 31,228,204 61,991,063 44 539,229 15,923,162 51,257,820 23, 793, 282 16, 793, 770 9,216,623 6,317,313 15,669,439 406,962 416,856 2, 516, 165 3,207,291 1,755,958 7,596,681 1,237,800 5,863,051 4,112,586 6,074,025 3,211,923 6,624,856 2,978,555 5,484,871 5,789,573 4, 770, 169 2,247,987 2,354,996 5,439,234 1,706,418 6,687,975 1,228,538 668,457 237,044 3,033,046 363,965 647, 444 1,360,067 233,930 6,146,340 2, 760, 425 15,219,871 Clerks. 77,145,557 264,023,820 223,873,219 55,794,314 35,563,615 17,141,671 16,702,199 8,454,962 28,290,213 2, 958, 776 2,754,748 1,605,624 44,677,368 6,212,976 19,035,066 142,785,058 38,619,340 82,619,422 60,725,607 20,673,335 77,219,765 44,479,413 20,776,099 12,867,547 9,993,502 21,628,017 479,003 418,361 4,601,467 5,805,917 1,643,610 10,412,089 1,299,201 5,381,796 3,481,171 4, 170, 207 1,666,544 5, 197, 421 2,311,576 5,838,247 6,039,118 3,681,160 1,683,146 1,807,975 5,728,318 1,495,914 7,659,992 1,550,115 571,831 293,940 3,334,817 213,278 770,432 1,483,558 236,991 6,357,748 2,922,326 20,010,139 Dollars, 4,078,332,433 628,408,840 1,370,130,988 1,072,537,914 235,471,269 293,062,910 117,986,768 115,128,611 66,357,823 178,247,310 43,253,703 40,642,393 18,617,075 341,309,517 59,366,292 125,219,360 631,042,011 211,136,460 527,952,517 317,923,813 119,253,329 340,910,325 182,252,284 112,193,163 58,507,013 39,859,510 89,197,477 2,416,235 2,628,152 16,893,345 25,969,537 11,382,160 53,792,339 6,068,692 44, 873, 435 43,784,006 46,038,447 24,173,101 38,128,407 24,822,323 31,830,283 33,082,987 33,896,871 19,176,627 20,751,731 39,544,460 11,011,043 44,821,377 13,001,206 7,490,521 2,311,754 20, 199, 754 2,695,448 6,228,873 10,852,332 3,677,936 61,703,052 20,931,577 105,612,681 GENERAL TABLES, 563 AND POWEE AND FUEL, BY GEOGEAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1914. sections, extending over pp. 562 to 567.] EXPENSES — continued. Value of Value added Eent and taxes. Materials. Taxes, Contract work. Rent of factory. including internal revenue 8Jid cor- poration income. Total. Principal materials. Piiel and rent of power. products. by manu- facture. DolUiTS Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. 198,876,826 140,646,816 441,392,849 14,368,088,831 13,701,682,122 666,406,709 24,246,434,724 9,878,345,893 1 17,882,642 14,045,231 33,660,584 1,657,673,962 1,695,862,670 61,811,292 2,926,675,392 1,269,001,430 2 101,952,804 67,817,393 111,714,765 4,680,992,671 4,436,196,186 244,796,485 8,053,643,965 3,372,6il,294 3 37,678,398 29,514,215 153,012,121 3.795,038,717 1^397,840,758 3,611,929,750 183,108,967 6,542,260,553 2,747,221,836 4 7,006,659 9,554,247 26,440,830 1,359,838,458 38,002,300 2,032,192,277 634,351,519 5 12,362,157 5,621,344 40,961,086 1,003,068,366 960,569,230 42,499,136 1,682,999,099 679,9,30,733 6 6,375,747 1,930,108 44,773,277 387,010,914 358,212,089 28,798,825 700,668,126 313,657,212 7 6,298,971 2,403,647 13,296,035 626,908,846 507,659,894 19,346,952 802,538,231 275,631,385 8 2,709,731 1,930,698 4,465,008 272,214,936 246,922,486 25,292,450 437,567,910 165.352,974 9 6,609,817 7,830,033 13,179,143 647,341,661 624,691,359 22,750,302 1,067,889,171 420,547,510 10 2,345,876 1,089,279 1,634,402 117,654,909 111,720,678 5,934,231 200,450.118 82,795,209 11 1,342,368 332,717 1,834,286 114,993,435 110,863,377 4, 140, 0:)8 182, 843; 863 67, 8,50, 428 12 1,162,281 268, 703 574,214 42,706,720 40,886.894 1,818,826 76,990,974 34,2&5,254 13 9,834,358 9,166,895 21,219,849 931,383,793 898,876,555 32, 507, 238 1, 641, 373, 047 709,989,254 14 1,138,483 1,227,624 3,116,227 162,425,219 166, 643, 080 6,882,139 279,645,873 117,120,654 16 2,059,176 1,980,013 5,181,606 288,510,886 276,982,086 11,528,800 545,471,517 256,960,631 16 71,968,120 47,342,501 56,218,108 2,108,607,361 2,032,625,003 76,982,358 3,814,661,114 1,706,053,753 17 9,380,405 5,266,436 18,249,102 883,464,594 853,988,329 29,476,266 1,406,6,33,414 523,168,820 18 20,604,279 15,208,467 37,247,566 1,688,920,716 1, 549, 582, 854 139,337,862 2,832,349,437 1,143,428,721 19 5,437,438 6,193,463 31,240,400 1,020,782,015 961,446,203 69,335,812 1,782,808,279 762,026,264 20 1,949,324 3,004,172 30, 328, 104 423,857,157 391,162,386 32,694,771 730,795,021 306,937,864 21 18,864,010 15,022,906 60,913,082 1,340,183,407 1,288,766,811 61,427,696 2, 247, 322, 819 907, 139, 412 22 7, 973, 706 3,496,634 14,984,537 592, 801, 004 569, 328. 043 23,473,021 1,086,162,432 493,361,368 23 3,453,920 1,797,041 15,545,998 417,415,074 401,237,307 16,177,767 695,172,002 277,766,928 24 ■2,600,106 2,423,852 4,957,680 336, 849, 214 328,841,250 8,007,964 493,354.136 156,604,922 25 993,326 1,328,171 2, 227, 623 205,451,339 197,670,079 7, 781, 260 310,749,974 105,298,635 26 2,602,416 4, 149, 957 13,873,612 388,714,859 376, 546, 681 12,168,178 637,952,128 249, 237, 269 27 72,009 ■ 116,463 96,866 14,484,316 13,957,277 627,038 21,147,431 6, 663, 116 28 51,329 174, 180 179, 095 17,079,357 16,551,758 527, 599 24,138,666 7,059,209 29 451, 9&3 814, 447 3,616,770 174,113,684 171,352,700 2, 760, 984 221, 615, 848 47,502,164 30 235,490 547,477 1,489,285 261,147,990 254, 918, 713 6,229,277 323,234,194 62,086,204 31 113,869 107,585 594,667 31,649,265 30,246,291 1,402,974 56,034,966 24,386,701 32 3,223,268 2,337,209 9, 139, 692 238,971,973 231,246,890 7,725,083 377,749,078 138,777,105 33 847,785 282, 560 1,057,708 12, 239, 123 10,782,494 1, 456, 629 28, 978, 241 16, 739, 118 34 ], 893, 922 656,410 8,717,117 165,319,576 147,872,130 7,447,446 261,039,041 108,719,465 35 2,2,57,677 344,726 2, 607, 707 110,033,165 102, 827, 781 7,205,384 193,511,782 83,478,617 36 1,9.57,489 373,200 13, 715, 623 169, 941, 971 163,706,300 6,235,671 289, 411, 987 119,470,016 37 192,410 177,466 1,286,492 91,008,996 86,871,280 4,137.716 138, 891,.202 47,882,206 38 817, 739 784, 344 2, 000, 850 160,088,609 154,558,903 5,529,706 25,3, 270, 511 93,181,902 39 1,057,998 557,845 1,861,230 33, 815, 688 32,457,161 1,368,527 81,112,291 47,296,603 40 1,362,415 612,684 39,277,329 114,829,223 110,472,943 ), 356. 280 230,248,909 115,419,686 41 2,100,640 765,924 2,768,490 123,430,135 118,301,172 5,128,963 212, 071, 489 88,641,354 42 846,840 398,269 1,570,492 107,411,434 89, 489, 136 17,922,298 178, 797, 633 71,336,199 43 2,075,852 163,231 1,166,966 41,340,122 39,948,838 1, 391, 284 79,550,095 38, 209. 973 44 2,111,137 278,322 788,421 44,906,808 43,700,428 1,206,380 83, 940, 587 39,033,779 ,4£ 2.537,779 578,119 9,205,907 157,886,027 153,300,754 4,585,273 256,312,648 97, 426, 621 H 307,885 358, 704 551,025 70, 969, 750 68, 152, 836 2,816,914 102, 005, 693 31,036,943 4- 1,342,170 1,188,502 2,750,682 253,144,261 242,405,876 10,738,385 361, 279, 303 108,135,042 4S 789,361 476,134 1,121.644 46,743,986 42,275,499 4,468,487 84, 446, 136 37,702,150 4E 662,085 119, 198 428,968 14,892,094 14, 420, 162 471,932 28, 463, 797 13,561,703 5t 39, 199 94,221 115, 411 6,559,387 5,207,921 351, 466 11,223,415 5, 664, 028 51 656,432 766,980 1,428,414 89, 766, 302 81, 700, 061 8,056,241 136, 839, .321 47,083,019 5S 285,838 66,313 70,785 4,430,134 3,379,846 1, 050, 289 9,320,067 4, 889, 933 53 174,830 72, 103 446, 323 39, 283, 038 34, 425, 345 4, 857, 693 64, 089, 510 24, 806, 472 &i 277, 662 296.939 689, 625 62,233,180 57,488,374 4, 744, 806 87,112,360 24,879,180 5. 24,324 38, 710 153,938 9,316.815 8,025,279 1,291,536 16,083,304 6, 766, 489 U 2,132,242 1,337,671 3, 812, 867 136,609,309 131,362,710 5,256,599 245,326.456 108,717,147 5' 725,562 878, 709 1, 256, 338 63, 257, 821 61,199,376 2, 058, 445 109, 761, 951 46,504.130 5i 3,762,013 5, 613, 653 8, 109. 938 447, 474, 631 432,039,273 15,435,258 712.800,764 265, .326, 233 'J 564 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1&14. Table 222.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PEESONS ENGAGED, DIVISION AND STATE. United States . . Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central- West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central . West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Uampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District o£ Columbia, Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana , Oklahoma , Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacitic: Washington Oregon Calilomia PERSONS engaged IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Total. 8, 263, 153 1,268,238 2,780,603 2,008,888 482, 287 776, 506 307,709 250,268 98, 150 290, 444 90,758 85,013 37, 217 676,642 124, 109 254, 499 ,289,098 431,003 ,060,562 606,807 233, 270 617,927 320,611 230, 273 115, 690 82,631 188,266 4,627 5,346 33,695 52,032 25,533 131,391 11,323 118,109 79, 353 151,335 77,693 118,565 63,204 77, 865 8S,S14 89, 053 62,277 48,440 88,014 22,700 91,114 16,363 10,529 3,696 33,715 4,594 8,014 17,126 4,113 78, 448 35,449 170,547 Proprietors and olBcials. Total. Male. 485,502 5,308 2,985 2,696 23,982 4,267 8,847 81,995 18,626 51,761 31,622 14,380 33,768 16,900 14,601 9,300 8,685 14,340 836 1,025 3,703 4,733 1,493 8,191 872 9,284 4,573 9,878 3,630 8,488 4,646 6,946 8,107 6,102 3,755 4,336 4,286 3,493 8,359 1,313 1,002 417 2,986 551 515 1,686 209 6,913 3,545 16,606 Fe- male. 16, 179 1,922 6,312 3,609 1,275 976 469 606 301 132 92 60 1,200 136 302 4,061 631 1,620 960 429 1,237 663 420 242 205 469 24 36 163 146 40 273 66 131 95 90 64 153 74 211 127 80 51 102 147 76 181 39 24 15 125 18 16 62 12 161 85 663 Pro- prie- tors- and firm mem- bers. 22, 493 85,012 61,857 25,436 29,749 14,986 12,018 6,275 15,773 3,344 1,646 1,787 10,710 1,883 3,123 48,636 8,342 28,034 13,624 7,229 15,854 7,725 7,425 6,233 5,421 7,698 603 762 2,472 3,247 735 5,005 436 6,126 2,669 6,960 1,816 4,443 2,682 4,148 5,142 3,310 2,386 2,917 1,850 2,464 4,787 664 293 1,716 326 267 999 179 3,165 2,189 10,429 Sala^ ried offi- ' cials oJ corpo- rations 92,671 10,005 29,702 24,805 7,511 8,378 3,888 2,857 1,075 4,390 725 375 333 5,260 947 2,376 16,566 4,549 8,588 7,114 3,072 7,980 3,572 3,127 1,731 1,283 3,328 63 71 609 526 311 1,508 199 1,174 652 1,637 847 1,504 646 1,272 1,306 935 376 412 966 366 1,124 129 83 31 409 47 100 192 24 1,063 537 2,790 Super- intend- ents and mana- gers. 146,411 17,609 43,980 38,168 10,950 13,804 6,606 6,105 2,690 6,710 1,371 1,056 636 9,222 1,573 3,651 20,866 6,366 16,769 11,844 4,608 11,171 6,166 4,469 2,578 2,186 3,783 194 228 875 1,106 487 1,951 294 2,116 1,467 2,381 1,032 2,694 1,392 1,737 1,787 1,937 1,044 1,109 1,617 760 2,629 391 279 108 926 197 164 547 78 1,856 - 904 3,960 Clerks. Male. 61,123 194,974 166,750 43,635 31,819 14,741 15,176 6,651 22,098 2,110 1,792 1,171 28,620 4,143 13,287 100,660 29,356 64,969 46,357 15,366 56,000 22,928 16,100 10,163 7,890 16,483 366 352 3,639 4,862 1,399 8,861 1,040 4,744 2,939 3,682 1,757 4,679 2,718 4,794 4,780 3,591 1,676 1,767 5,262 1,353 6,794 1,133 490 228 2,622 211 520 1,298 149 4,158 2,315 15,626 GENEKAL TABLES. 565 AND POWER AND FUEL, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND S'tiTES: 1914— Contd. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUrACTUKraG INDTJSTBIES— Continued . Average number of wage earners. Wage earners employed 15tli day of — Per cent 16 years md over. 16 years Per Maximum month. Minimum month. Total. Under 16 and over. cent un- der Male. Female. years. Male. Fe- male. 16 years. Mouth. Number employed. Month. Number employed. 7,036,337 5,625,198 1,389,366 121,773 78.5 19.7 1.7 Mar... 7,242,762 Dec... 6,640,284 1 1,140,233 799,750 318,242 22,241 70.1 27.9 2.0 Mar... 1,180,259 Deo... 1,096,879 2 2,355,940 1,727,032 588,767 40,141 73.3 25.0 1.7 Mar... 2,438,053 Dec... 2,244,536 3 1,680,281 1,426,751 239,918 13,612 84.9 14.2 0.8. Mar... 1,747,289 Dec... 1,568,887 4 381,695 319,308 59,306 2,921 83.7 15.6 0.8 Aug... 390,514 Deo... 362,097 5 685,342 536,468 115,753 33,121 78.3 16.9 4.8 Sept.. 711,705 Dec... 637,026 6 264,378 232,524 26,446 5,408 88.0 10.0 2.0 Mar... 272,840 Dec... 245,648 7 211,940 198,318 11,410 2,212 93.6 6.4 1.0 July.. 216,558 May.. 207,999 8 81,113 75,943 4,661 609 93,6 6.7 0.6 July... 88,809 Feb... 73,606 9 235,615 209,104 24,803 1,608 88.8 10.6 0.7 Aug... 266,334 Dec... 199,639 10 82,149 63,178 18,155 816 76.9 22.1 1.0 Sept.. 88,063 Dec... 77,796 11 78,993 55,698 22,910 485 70.4 29.0 0.6 Jan. . . 82,803 Sept.. 76,982 12 32,704 28,682 3,970 62 87.7 12.1 0.2 Apr... 34,194 Aug. . . 31,213 13 606,698 411,709 182,677 12,312 67.9 30.1 2.0 Mar... 633,683 Dec... 580,489 14 113,425 73,217 36,025 4,183 64.6 31.8 3.7 Mar... 116,685 Deo... 108,261 15 226,264 167,366 54,505 4,393 74.0 24.1 1.9 Mar... 233,083 Aug... 219,789 16 1,057,857 740,881 308,554 8,422 70.0 29.2 0.8 Mar... 1,094,773 Dec... 1,014,893 17 373,605 270,999 97, 760 4,846 72.5 26.2 1.3 Apr... 383,830 Dec... 356,057 18 924,478 715, 152 182,453 26,873 77.4 19.7 2.9 Mar... 962,114 Nov... 873, 138 19 610,435 433,325 7B,368 1,742 84.9 14.8 0.3 Mar... 534,537 Dec... 476,841 20 197,503 170,767 25,138 1,598 86.5 12.7 0.8 Sept. . 206,040 Dec... 176,939 21 506,943 418,363 82,888 6,692 82.5 16.4 1.1 Mar... 521,762 Dec... 483,276 22 271,090 237,496 32,023 1,571 87.6 11.8 0.6 Mar... 282,176 Dec... 249,777 23 194,310 166,800 24,501 3,009 85.9 12.6 1.5 Mar... 205,512 Doc... 182,055 24 92,834 80,509 12,051 274 86.7 13.0 0.3 Feb... 100,110 Deo... 88,995 25 63,113 53,224 9,285 604 84.3 14.7 1.0 Aug... 67,845 Dec... 60,661 26 152,182 120,274 30,229 1,679 79.0 19.9 1.1 Apr. . . 158,968 Deo... 139,366 27 3,275 2,945 300 30 89.9 9.2 0.9 July. . 3,625 Feb... 2,964 28 3,788 3,283 448 67 86.7 11.8 1.5 Oct... 4,087 Feb... 3,462 29 26,144 21,355 3,688 101 84.9 14.7 0.4 Aug... 26,795 Feb... 23,704 30 41,259 37,718 3,365 176 91.4 8.2 0.4 Oct... 42,750 Feb... 39,748 31 22,155 17,744 4,032 379 80.1 18.2 1.7 Sept.. 28,364 Dec... 18, 187 32 111,685 76,262 31, 649 3,674 68.3 28.4 3.3 Sept. . 134,437 Dec... 99,363 33 8,877 7,760 1,074 43 87.4 12.1 0.5 Dec... 9,227 Mar... 8,658 34 102,820 85,674 14,535 2,611 83.3 14.1 2.5 Sept. . 108,690 Deo... 93,622 35 71,078 64,862 6,721 496 91.3 8.0 0.7 Apr. . . 76,677 Deo... 62,672 36 136,844 99,468 26, 781 10, 695 72.7 19.6 7.7 Mar... 141,491 Dec... 132,911 37 71,914 49,949 14, 126 7,839 69.5 19.6 10.9 Mar. . . 77,256 Aug... 68,285 38 104,461 82,878 14,765 6,828 79.3 14.1 6.5 Mar... 116,286 Dec... 97,751 39 65,608 51,871 3.080 657 93.3 5.5 1.2 July... 57, 775 Nov... 62,087 40 64,586 55,582 8,717 287 86.1 13.5 0.4 Aug... 66,145 Deo... 60,486 41 74,373 62,928 10,090 1,355 84.6 13.6 1.8 Apr... 77,312 Dec... 68,203 42 78,717 69,849 5,735 3,133 88.7 7.3 4.0 Mar... 83,080 Dec... 73,022 43 46,702 44,165 1,904 633 94.6 4.1 1.4 Jan. .. 48,363 Dec... 43,937 44 41,979 40,826 846 307 97.3 2.0 0.7 Aug... 45,506 Dec... 38,810 45 77,665 71,096 5,336 1,233 91.5 6.9 1.6 Nov... 81,183 Sept. . 75,158 46 17,443 16,320 989 134 93.6 5.7 0.8 Oct... 18,088 Aug... 16,902 47 74,853 70,076 4,239 538 93.6 5.7 0.7 Jan... 76,993 May.. 72, 219 48 13,704 13,323 318- 63 97.2 2.3 0.5 July... 15,677 Nov... 12,368 49 8,919 8,681 184 54 97.3 2.1 0.6 June.. 10,583 Feb... 6,414 50 2,989 2,927 64 8 97.9 1.8 0.3 Aug... 3,362 Feb... 2,641 51 27,278 24,848 2,310 120 91.1 8.5 0.4 Oct... 31,004 Feb... 24,519 52 3,776 3,696 57 23 97.9 1.5 0.6 July... 4,032 Mar... 3,605 53 6,898 6,835 50 13 99.1 0.7 0.2 Jime.. 7,774 Oct... 6,847 54 13,894 12,031 1,666 207 86.6 11.9 1.5 Sept.. 15,794 Feb... 12,382 65 3,655 3,602 32 21 98.5 0.9 0.6 July... 4,128 Dec... 2,863 56 67,205 63,686 3,269 250 94.8 4.9 0.4 June.. 75,182 Dec... 53,071 57 28,829 26, 728 2,014 87 92.7 7.0 0.3 May.. 31,596 Dec... 24,815 58 139,481 118,690 19,520 1,271 85.1 14.0 0.9 Aug... 161,072 Jan. . . 119, 6S8 69 566" CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. TABLE 222.— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED; DIVISION AND STATE. PRIMARY POWER. JMum- ber of estab- lish- ments report- ing. Total primary horse- power. Owned by establishments reporting. Steam engines. Num- ber. Horse- power. Internal-com- bustion engines. Num- Horse- ber. power. Water wheels and water motors. Num- Horse- ber. power. United States... Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 205, 590 22, 647, 574 137,176 15, 681, 688 37, 693 991, 905 18,069 1,826,443 New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa ;... Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas SOUTH Atlantic: Delaware Mai-yland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central; Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacipic; Washington Oregon California 19,660 69, 813 44,154 20, 097 23,606 12, 217 9,649 4,316 12,018 2,635 1,474 1,552 9,178 1,647 3,174 32, 537 7,230 20,046 12, 158 6,246 12, 284 6,578 6,888 4,526 4,326 5,982 542 682 1,763 2,276 663 3,420 344 4,717 2,336 6,075 1,693 3,807 1,611 3,382 4,078 2,791 1,966 2,226 1,739 1,835 3,849 648 673 225 1,524 245 223 753 126 2,874 1,780 7^364 3, 125, 629 6, 699, 676 6, 464, 935 1, 241, 940 2, 274, 785 1, 157, 367 1, 010, 060 463, 478 1, 109, 814 487, 211 344, 093 173, 937 1, 396, 722 269, 864 453, 812 2, 3S6, 665 793, 063 3, 549, 858 2, 002, 780 709, 703 1,305,930 764, 183 682,339 358, 737 191, 094 391,385 15, 062 16, 324 90, 192 179, 146 64,403 263, 753 24,775 337, 667 278, 504 608,086 340,224 357, 403 100, 071 238,314 286, 867 445, 762 186, 434 177, 208 '399, 743 97, 308 335, 791 91,671 60, 326 10,004 162, 828 15, 668 54, 697 59,636 IS, 748 399,567 219, 222 491,026 12,103, 35, 668 28,185 9,107 21, 831 12, 038 9,212 2,602 6,630 079 4,893 1,099 2,270 11,223 6,868 18,577 8,346 4,468 6,142 4',177 6,052 2,190 1,640 3,428 135 186 531 997 666 2,674 214 4,528 2,369 4,929 1,679 3,439 1,433 3,156 3,581 3,029 2,273 2,484 3,345 842 2,541 166 842 152 190 366 75 2,899 1,308 2,323 1, 874, 128 4, 730, 956 3, 856, 501 816, 759 1,699,018 975, 428 873, 649 330, 041 626, 209 176, 792 161, 001 62, 860 970, 506 199, 170 303, 799 1, 185, 731 642, 608 2, 922, 616 1, 541, 212 430, 604 947, 949 516, 771 420, 066 206, 144 126, 385 283,490 9,627 8,972 68, 066 123, 076 48,207 196, 199 15,230 249,044 216, 976 331, 132 207, 480 246, 811 88,939 206, 871 216, 156 375, 114 177,287 167, 378 373, 268 70,803 262,200 52, 918 38,264 6,925 126, 608 13, 561 44, 312 34,020 13, 433 301,923 116, 591 207, 695 2,052 10,486 9,489 5,833 3,921 1,464 2,569 609 1,270 49,229 372,617 332, 269 66, 970 72,429 16, 180 65,275 6,871 20, 065 5,728 5,105 2,248 794 2,717 611 82 278 506 440 131 160 770 114 437 4,530 1,328 4,628 4,059 1,132 1,672 1,062 1,564 959 1,254 1,273 531 346 350 237 377 406 685 1,101 131 65 73 183 52 37 50 28 260 133 877 4,582 1,841 2,301 20, 242 2,493 17,770 118,330 30, 592 223,695 156, 481 66, 691 61,500 19, 693 28,004 7,454 8,868 18, 321 1,198 343 2,364 7,54 6,724 956 22,041 117 1,906 522 13, 822 «V 2,568 495 6,669 779 28,537 492 5,379 233 2,063 696 7,032 521 4,464 6,581 3,435 4,469 1,695 2,979 8,020 15, 976 28,300 431 1,366 2,075 775 795 470 139 1,289 15, 614 1,429 911 846 1,542 268 732 3,130 390 1,585 333 313 150 123 9 19 108 72 107 250 4 715 146 523 165 795 12 129 385 80 17 21 20 11 30 28 32 22 84 116 278 112 GENERAL TABLES. 567 AND POWER AND FUEL, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES: 191t-Contd. PEIMAEY POWEE COn. FUEL USED. Rented. Electric muiora run by current generated in tlie establishments Coal. Oil, in- Electric. Other. reporting. Anthra- Bitumi- Coke (tons of cluding Gas (1,000 cubic cite (tons ot 2,240 nous (tons ol 2,000 2,000 lbs.). gasoline (barrels). teet). Motors. Horse- Horse- Num- Horse- lbs.). lbs.). power. power. ber. power. 482,102 3,917,655 129,883 320,260 4,929,967 14.724,265 166,699,827 32,639,326 48,689,232 285,609,876 1 47,592 419, 197 1,083,618 25,493 49,970 688,480 1,406,487 10,070,166 329,928 1,579,878 1,072,140 2 152,464 58,228 125,683 1,840,871 12,366,024 67,956,299 14,716,166 8,768,910 116,333,068 3 123,841 1,029,544 29,457 94,791 1,496,721 473,719 48,213,609 10,929,807 6,679,188 66,2,52,759 4 36,209 260,413 3,841 16,540 252,992 133, 177 9,350,086 477, 136 3,945,119 17,920,769 6 28,451 417,927 8,547 16,763 298,712 280,627 11,876,428 1,186,360 1, 379, 276 63,751,713 6 11,435 141,419 713 5,313 106, 396 8,637 10,686,323 3,294,107 164,462 2,828,390 7 10,0,52 76,647 1,030 4,665 87,692 34,948 2,698,765 140,881 7,784,041 34,019,020 8 8,779 102,293 762 3,633 88,232 22,400 6,408,301 1,292,103 2,701,447 15,796,912 963, 169 9 33,219 387,697 1,812 4,102 69,871 8,346 539,960 172,847 3,468,858 10 3,680 46,344 1,179 1,919 61,356 79,024 1,014,213 9,034 31,376 9,497 11 2,781 49, 171 3,488 1, 698 53,441 101,330 636,885 10, 169 46, 561 19,523 12 2,090 27,477 899 940 19,684 50,146 203,409 6,824 22,464 7,528 13 26,412 200,339 16,810 30,615 382,632 664,428 5,506,406 223, 132 844,251 630,465 14 4,829 31,572 2,970 5,422 59,652 139,666 1,056,045 17,634 163,240 113,335 15 7,800 64,294 1,147 9,576 111,715 371,893 1,654,208 63,135 471,996 291,802 16 96,586 644,824 34,838 34,805 398,308 3,617,927 9,831,153 2,274,487 6, 103'039 4,056,639 17 16,350 94, 605 9,367 21,443 267, 601 4,832,073 3,984,004 444,749 1,629,268 1, 231, 746 18 39,628 344,189 14,033 69,335 1,184,962 3,906,024 54,141,142 11,996,930 2,026,603 110,044,684 19 32,650 283,514 7,130 33,587 539,486 43, 198 13,927,612 6,267,433 678,239 50,092,157 20 16,935 200,882 1,721 10, 554 249,475 16,761 10,274,828 1, 172, 642 772,316 1,489,430 21 43,481 272,662 11,509 28,613 408,812 219,614 14,499,282 2,689,260 4,111,366 1,831,684 22 19,896 192,502 3,606 9,096 123,264 95,815 5,974,604 460, 122 781,212 2,465,572 23 10,979 79,984 5,491 12,941 175,684 98,331 3,537,183 340,460 236,065 383,916 24 10,001 71, 224 574 2,777 49,794 42,669 1,400,702 101,018 303,768 84,463 25 7,474 50,064 249 2,682 52,718 10,279 2,361,179 83,082 280,261 120,699 26 11,373 84,362 2,009 7,578 97,619 15,100 3,577,688 222,717 1,346,828 1,073,686 27 698 3,856 82 62 944 5,282 145,871 1,371 3,280 2,221 28 699 4,414 24 218 2,607 81, 759 6,879 20,456 2,969 29 2,903 19,701 27' 1,242 14,019 40,932 644,176 29,737 169, 678 46,439 30 3,221 26,802 900 2,175 37,680 16,318 1,138,712 32,332 1,820,948 16,590,302 31 860 9,705 79 1,513 19,839 26,731 a50,907 14,292 64,961 30,745 32 5,853 42,243 1,554 4,284 75,464 127,598 1,426,608 320, 133 622, 694 1,102,367 33 1,331 6,407 30 328 3,115 59,552 159,924 1,831 259,693 48,652 34 3,728 37,142 2,863 64,871 14,981 2,823,292 568,028 128,690 697,699 35 2,044 4,702 27,152 128, 660 285' 2,634 2,037 39,524 34,501 3, 627, 404 208, 374 18, 221 61,808,860 36 1,733 "'23,'i54' 1,192,237 22, 268 29,724 14,888 37 4,418 83,764 4,514 681 28,234 8,589 754,365 13,697 31,290 3,812 38 4,315 76,468 273 1,110 26,682 3,433 1,419,238 30,315 82,638 36, 150 39 1,200 6,406 79 323 6,482 16,489 143,553 17,522 141,374 9,560 40 3,097 20,382 512 2,004 28,786 2,670 2,073,415 190,235 60,465 2,608,215 41 4,609 57,858 13 1,474 25,249 2,231 1,830,682 371,945 64,113 60,634 42 3,107 56,400 168 1,641 41,789 1,883 6,300,218 2,726,685 27,777 166,005 43 722 6,779 30 294 10,572 1,853 476,108 6,242 12,117 3,536 44 1,073 5,956 102 462 7,384 10,627 276,091 1,749 28,221 2,162,166 45 1,988 16,580 428 1,657 33,426 13,749 605,750 26,621 1,931,340 1,748,117 46 1,716 10,068 205 608 13,692 1,682 429,746 29,879 224,575 24,078,701 47 5,275 42,943 295 2,038 33, 190 8,890 . 1,286,179 83,632 5,599,905 6,040,046 48 1,625 27,798 177 10,311 556 578,234 196,481 39,036 11,211 49 874 9,928 29' 195 6,192 175 88,222 2,482 2,273 2,266 50 212 1,176 62 615 102 102, 611 638 259,806 4,552 51 3,190 27,349 ""i27' 1,575 29,929 14,495 2,627,893 600,190 98,339 916,938 52 249 1,309 78 1,308 422 774,409 2,365 30,802 1,382 53 538 8,918 ""602' 478 14,200 5,002 41,341 266,697 1,324,588 5,613 64 1,821 21,552 517 12,466 1,585 1,160,745 204, 867 391, 357 20,376 55 270 4,263 4' 461 13,311 63 44,846 18,393 656,246 831 56 6,005 84,953 223 1,339 27,532 4,525 490,801 69,355 1,496,957 88,491 57 3,469 44,010 57 468 9,729 1,821 14,437 6,106 940,377 13,359,578 61,988 58 23,745 258,734 1,532 2,295 32,610 2,000 34,712 97,386 3,318,379 59 568 CENSUS OF MANUPACTTJEES : 1&14. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914. TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. AEKOPLANES AND PAETS. Vnitcd States.^ 16 168 195 S401 $135 $134 $790 AGKICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. Alabama California Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Now Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania South "Carolina Tennessee Vermont Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states^ 001 48, 459 640 50,651 648 47, 394 715 46, 582 910 38,827 1,943 39, 580 2,076 26,249 1,982 1,333 14, 814 7,220 24 8 28 704 18 577 73 19,556 33 3,991 34 1,164 11 64 6 126 4 325 30 2,143 17 872 5 32 18 240 3 21 9 270 50 5,392 17 149 69 5,464 3. 6 38 2,018 3 14 17 617 9 311 20 269 7 134 46 3,143 36 933 121,428 100,601 89, 738 70, 646 50, 396 44, 731 26, 082 179 1,533 1,516 50,044 10,892 2,469 233 863 686 5,941 2,489 97 742 129 618 11,774 389 11,677 28 4,472 82 1,450 1,245 539 202 9,196 2,053 338, 532 34,593 256,281 28,609 196, 741 25,003 157, 708 22, 451 146, 314 18, 107 62, 110 15,360 34,835 12, 152 11,477 5,081 3,564 2,168 116 10 1,627 666 1,801 230 163,699 15,668 19,561 2,656 6,630 794 304 40 414 86 836 190 13,161 1,456 7,501 707 139 14 1,348 142 43 12 1,664 178 29,764 3,428 385 71 31,524 3,826 31 6 10, 695 1,121 75 7 1, 727 253 1,059 182 562 122 515 116 48,078 2,198 6,483 617 73,609 60,307 48, 281 43, 946 31, 603 31, 531 21, 474 6,636 2,446 14 900 845 32, 878 3,487 2,062 154 70 299 2,640 1,474 21 270 14 445 7,073 98 7,810 9 1,907 8 391 310 168 184 8,676 1,312 164, 087 146,329 112, 007 101,207 81,272 68, 640 52, 067 17, 598 6,843 46 1,962 1,501 65,338 12, 791 6,216 316 217 552 7,731 3,813 61 570 35 931 14,577 305 17,485 29 4,844 27 1,122 696 484 392 20,119 2,938 ALUMINUM WARE. United States. 1914 States, 191/,. Ohio All other states * 37 29 4,614 216 4,398 12,338 592 11,746 11,088 519 10, 669 2,611 122 2,489 14, 421 245 14, 176 19, 597 515 19,082 1 Includes: California, 3 establishments; Connecticut, 1; Illinois, 2; Iowa, 1; Massachusetts 1: Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 1; New York, 3; Ohio, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Washington 1. ^Includes: .\rkansas, 2 establishments; Colorado, 3; Connecticut, 4; Florida, 2; Idaho 2; Kentucky 7' Louisiana, 1; Maryland, 2; Nebraska, 4; Oklahoma, 2; South Dakota, 2; Texas, 4; West Virginia 1 ' ' ' Includes: Illinois, 4 establishments; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 2; Massachusetts, 3; Michigan, !• New jersey 2' New York, 8; I'onnsylvania, 4; Rhode Island, 1; Wisconsin, 3. ' GENEEAL TABLES. 569 Table 233.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. "Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. AMMUNITION. United States, 1914 1009 1904 1899 1889 1879 1889 1859 1849 , ■ States, 1914. Pennsylvania All other states 1 32 11,493 11,354 $37,454 S6, 751 S16,277 S30,840 39 8,713 10,317 26, 344 4,509 15, 452 26,053 32 7,410 5,066 12,117 4,032 10,601 19, 931 33 5,231 2,980 6,719 2,561 7,437 13,028 35 2,158 2,256 4,369 970 2,760 6,539 4 1,066 824 362 1,223 1,905 17 657 393 1,045 454 1,695 2,485 16 7 400 85 443 251 115 21 275 776 602 1,019 404 8 335 56 254 100 180 24 11,158 11,298 37, 200 6,651 16,097 30,436 ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS. United States. 1914 217 225 3 13 9 163 17 12 4,808 4,835 33 145 112 3,886 368 264 237 167 3,346 3,593 24 191 70 2,587 271 206 1,991 1,740 23 75 31 1,635 153 74 3,207 4,618_ 14 186 24 2,525 334 124 7,614 9,041 45 348 79 6,181 688 273 4 407 1909 States, ton. California 31 Illinois 31 10 148 33 15 162 55 NevvYork" 3,656 354 149 ARTIFICIAL LIMES. United States. 1914 163 130 101 87 69 33 24 5 3 8 11 3 8 5 8 12 4 17 16 19 6 4 6 4 23 488 432 342 249 162 72 78 39 15 29 33 3 18 ' 8 70 51 29 88 22 55 3 7 10 6 56 689 682 188 95 30 1,003 881 442 290 187 83 122 35 3 40 27 3 33 12 77 174 30 254 35 105 11 10 12 16 164 369 315 222 147 102 44 36 24 6 26 28 1 11 4 46 43 12 71 17 48 1 7 7 5 42 316 279 137 126 94 31 60 10 r 16 26 4 18 4 34 19 13 62 17 43 3 7 6 5 39 1,498 1,324 884 750 476 137 166 53 14 70 103 22 53 19 176 177 35 277 104 166 15 21 29 23 208 1,182 1903.. 1,045 1904 747 1899 624 1889 382 1879 106 1869 10 106 1859 43 1849 13 States, 19U. California 19 16 2 46 3 52 40 205 47 14 36 6 8 7 3 85 51 Illinois 77 Indiana 18 Massachusetts 35 Michigan 15 Minnesota 142 Missouri 158 New Hampshire . . . 22 NewYorfc ' 215 Ohio 87 Pennsylvania 123 Tennessee 12 Texas 14 Washington 23 Wisconsin... 18 All other states * 169 1 Includes: Calirornia, 2 establishments; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 5; Illinois, 1; Indiana, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan, 1; New Jersey, 3; New York, 3; Ohio, 3; Rhode Island, 1; Vermont, 1. Mocludes: Florida, 1 establishment; Maryland, 3; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 3; Ohio, 1; Utah, 1; Wisconsin, 1. „..,„,,. Hncludes: Alabama, 1 estabhshment; Arkansas, 2; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 3; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 1; Maryland, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; """''"Timrlir OttKinn '• utab i- vinrinia g - Wpst VirgLnia, 1. 570 CENSUS OP MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. ARTIFICIAL STONE PRODUCTS, United States. 1914 1909 1904 States, 1914. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Hhnois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan , Minnesota , Mississippi Missoun Montana Nebraska , Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New York , North Dakota Ohio , Oklahoma , Oregon , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i 3,548 10,265 3,439 9,957 477 2,506 11 48 4 7 14 24 94 466 19 28 18 178 6 9 69 197 27 106 4 2 420 1,122 335 783 384 809 92 114 34 71 9 62 16 30 18 43 55 324 217 483 191 738 4 10 96 174 11 23 232 337 3 1 5 6 83 349 180 757 10 14 403 954 43 75 19 40 114 501 13 68 18 37 21 202 25 100 24 88 23 72 31 263 130 404 33 146 20, 326 12, 185 2,776 26 20 34 355 232 284 8 174 12 30 1,826 1,308 2,464 288 204 6 42 63 394 1,268 1,129 53 257 72 842 18 10 703 1,316 47 2,949 90 252 1,279 47 80 250 67 84 136 460 736 433 S19,414 $6,308 16,010 5,342 3,316 1,403 23 16 22 5 72 10 829 366 77 19 298 92 8 2 294 102 138 44 20 1 1,735 781 1,698 424 1,939 502 235 71 159 24 33 21 61 17 72 17 626 226 926 306 1,306 474 28 3 310 94 118 17 748 215 21 1 14 3 712 213 1,961 601 54 11 1,769 636 168 35 132 33 940 317 90 44 93 23 128 84 117 62 154 66 247 66 484 160 670 245 206 71 $8,904 7,043 1,430 17 9 21 471 21 119 8 131 60 3 1,097 668 961 132 39 24 20 29 194 400 675 6 166 24 346 295 683 28 763 57 43 382 46 28 161 61 71 106 $21,934 18,696 4,128 49 20 42 1,187 71 288 13 • 305 147 12 2,666 1,766 2,082 293 96 67 51 66 600 1,060 1,618 15 722 1,764 48 1,946 137 146 936 128 75 300 186 187 243 448 714 224 ARTISTS' MATERIALS. 2 United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1869 1859 States, Wli. Illinois ". New Jersey , . . New York Pennsylvama All otner states ^ 44 604 46 658 28 274 21 200 39 242 8 60 8 43 9 72 7 214 10 22 9 79 9 217 1,977 1,628 668 289 131 40 49 ,437 166 326 2,947 315 1,730 307 876 137 377 79 361 102 44 20 15 16 315 49 1,232 139 43 11 286 31 1,072 85 2,065 1,360 687 249 191 22 12 44 140 409 3,238 2,340 1,139 497 532 94 45 565 1,499 93 242 1 Includes: New Mexico, 2 estabUslim»ats; North Carolina, 10; South Carolina, 3; Vermont, 1; Vir- ginia, 15; Wyoming, 2. 2 Included in other classifications in 1879. ^Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Michi- gan, 1; Ohio, 1; Rhode Island, 2. GENEEAL TABLES. 571 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. ASBESTOS PKODTJCTS, NOT INCLUDING STEAM PACKING. United States . 1914 States, 1914. Illinois New York Pennsylvania All other states' 32 962 4 109 5 12 9 562 14 279 2,877 269 60 1,216 1,342 $3,620 $484 280 51 66 6 2,475 278 710 149 $1,360 148 5 801 406 82, 814 316 16 1,675 807 ADTOMOBILE BODIES AND PAETS. United States 1914 1909 1904 States, 1914. California Colorado Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states ^ 971 47,785 478 24,427 57 1,810 89 439 9 60 66 1,236 48 2,817 10 29 5 6 10 54 64 1,341 140 24, 73g 13 141 20 177 7 34 45 1,989 215 6,340 63 4,128 6 36 68 1,440 5 15 9 35 13 58 31 1,722 65 963 68, 701 24,909 2,486 35 1,862 4,676 34 29 83 1,292 30,823 78 260 37 2,564 8,677 10,972 42 2,025 6 34 4S 3,024 1,404 94,854 34,993 39,244 15,513 2,529 980 636 369 113 42 2,470 870 7,156 1,880 69 20 44 3 167 35 2,345 1,106 41,934 19,412 187 105 211 143 93 24 4,661 1,460 15,941 4,488 7,162 1,925 48 32 3,149 977 24 8 33 33 148 57 5,837 1,279 2,566 736 63,610 23,914 1,493 416 147 1,280 2,446 22 11 62 1,360 38,393 103 168 94 1,880 8,489 4,469 50 1,365 If 39 57 1,731 1,030 129, 0(11 55,379 3,388 1,206 345 3,385 5,751 68 25 210 3,387 71,640 329 420 163 5,355 17,440 9,666 115 3,211 45 106 170 4,326 2,456 ADTOMOBILE KEPAIBING. United Stales. 1914. States, 1914. Alabama. , Arizona . . California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia - Florida ©eorgia minois:.i 3,273 12,502 34 136 3 20 11 23 479 1,532 12 63 11 40 11 36 4 105 28 91 17 88 235 759 16,380 260 9 32 2,496 60 21 57 45 136 138 853 17,098 10,614 242 116 32 20 34 14 2,066 1,447 64 59 29 25 30 23 88 70 246 73 59 63 939 629 9,154 29,920 78 310 4 33 14 50 1,010 3,872 19 135 7 70 17 69 103 213 79 214 68 180 654 1,862 ' Includes: California, 1 establishment; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 1; Massachusetts, 3; Missouri, 1; New Hamp- shire, 2; New Jersey, 3; Ohio, 1; Wisconsin, 1. ' Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Coimecticut, 24; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Florida, 1; Georgia, 1; Idaho, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 2; Montana, 1; New Hampshire,"; North Carolina, 2; North Dakota, 1; Oklahoma, 3: South Dakota, 3; Tennessee, 3: Utah, 1; Vermont, 1; Virgima, 3. 572 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES : 1914. Table 323.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES. BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products, E^^ressed in tliousands. AUTOMOBILE REPAiEiNG — Continued. States, /Pi^— Continued, Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio OKlahoma Oregon , . . , Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee , Texas , Utah , Virginia , Washington , West Virginia , Wisconsin , Wyoming , Ali other states ^ , 70 211 66 200 6 10 8 32 5 17 85 239 18 95 86 348 65 151 150 456 19 67 8 18 4 8 3 12 252 777 962 4,310 18 49 6 13 85 215 16 44 65 185 270 1,603 28 132 13 46 22 88 7 31 3 6 26 67 34 104 26 104 6 19 6 13 352 277 40 61 33 381 86 391 254 695 85 35 28 7 1,052 4,946 101 33 548 79 293 1,561 118 119 133 32 17 94 206 1.57 29 30 $335 $1U 328 162 39 6 67 23 22 13 381 169 218 58 464 299 314 112 831 367 84 42 30 18 12 7 19 6 1,127 655 4,913 3,887 106 25 50 8 393 152 84 29 22(1 178 2,.?24 1,285 139 92 70 35 99 59 75 23 11 4 124 50 • 124 64 223 77 27 17 17 10 178 8457 536 25 67 138 468 99 230 217 789 90 358 371 1,076 63 172 4 36 3 16 1 12 569 1,923 3,326 10,601 29 92 15 37 122 471 39 120 146 534 1,228 3,661 8;^ 262 21 96 64 166 6 48 1 9 38 149 90 235 67 207 4 30 5 27 AUTOMOBILES. United States. 1914 1909 3904 1899 States, 1914- California Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 2 300 79,307 265 51,294 121 10,239 57 2,241 9 292 25 1,309 38 4,402 12 2,098 65 42,802 11 345 5 327 8 531 32 5,782 39 14,624 22 1,643 12 3,167 22 1,985 10-i,9&3 60,641 7,624 3,164 761 1,659 7,461 3,006 48,556 368 366 613 9,261 19,277 3,105 6,803 3,847 312,876 134, 593 20,555 6,769 1,379 7,464 14, 932 7,430 160, 473 1,434 1,661 1,921 25, 736 60,003 7,369 12,450 10,024 66, 934 33, 180 6,179 1,321 231 1,077 3,147 1,911 38,380 229 246 382 4,600 11,486 1,160 2,629 1,666 292,598 503, 230 107, 731 193,823 11,668 26, 646 1,804 4,748 818 1,263 6,009 7,633 16,384 23,639 4,282 7,812 180, 822 320,749 532 902 1,039 1,763 1,886 2,882 13,486 24,676 50,871 76,154 4,204 6,873 8,734 14, 162 4,531 8,742 1 Includes. Mississippi, 2 establishments; Nevada, 1 ; New Mexico, 1 ; South Carolina, 1 : South DaKota, 1. 2 Includes: Colorado, 1 establishmoiit; Connecticut, 4; District of Columbia, 1; Iowa, 3; Kansas, 2; Ken- tucky, 2; Maryland, 2; North CaroUna, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 2- Virginia 1- 'lasting- GENERAL TABLES. 573 Tabm 223.-SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. AWNINGS, TENTS, AND SAILS United Stales. 1914 888 621 390 340 581 161 224 150 5 SO 11 20 4 7 57 16 19 10 5 7 24 20 58 24 17 21 4 8 4 66 209 38 12 5 . 61 6 10 16 5 3 10 19 3 23 21 5,073 4,242 3,432 3,335 3,135 1,268 1,127 737 13 244 84 39 67 23 377 142 92 35 26 50 60 65 366 154 110 428 6 68 4 144 995 615 27 84 238 38 41 108 30 13 48 72 8 84 75 2,610 2,022 1,105 921 212 S9, 958 7,865 4,793 3,637 3,063 523 716 342 19 597 330 55 70 20 684 282 187 83 41 80 77 108 424 236 323 953 12 163 3 161 1,696 1,246 30 346 469 57 70 234 84 49 49 373 6 129 223 $2, 954 2,188 1,757 1,669 1,682 334 543 298 11 169 60 23 29 14 241 67 46 23 12 24 32 38 224 104 63 206 3 38 2 88 652~ 299 12 46 162 23 20 49 19 8 24 59 3 37 45 SIO, 166 8,377 6,670 5,228 4,160 1,231 1,611 869 28 710 372 51 68 39 813 299 189 69 39 111 91 141 643 261 261 991 13 . 136 6 162 1,554 1,270 42 188 602 55 104 288 110 20 63 277 8 130 162 $18, 138 14, 499 11, 269 9,144 7,829 1,969 2,881 1,442 63 1,124 634 113 138 68 1,650 507 339 130 80 170 173 240 1,026 502 444 1,652 28 225 14 348 3,121 2,131 80 493 920 117 170 429 149 38 121 468 15 228 300 $7,983 1909 6,122 19M 4,699 1899 3,916 1889 3,679 1879 73S 1,270 1859 573 States, 19U. 11 182 62 21 12 11 255 77 69 21 131 13 20 16 118 45 53 203 5 25 1 51 401 348 14 29 119 4 19 88 14 9 20 40 2 36 65 25 California 414 Colorado . . 162 62 District of Columbia 70 29 Illinois 737 Indiana. 20i 15( Kansas 61 41 T(OiiiiJif\pa 6S Maine. 82 9! Massachusetts ' 48; 241 19; Missouri 561 15 Nebraska 9( ! New Jersey 186 1,567 Ohio 861 38 305 418 Rhode Island 62 66 Texas 141 3£ Vermont IS Virginia 5S 19] West Virginia "" Wisconsin 9i 13S BABBITT METAL AND SOLDEI Unitei States. 1914 109 109 75 51 36 9 8 5 12 3 26 20 3 40 1,035 897 569 535 173 44 34 33 203 6 225 157 5 406 2,881 2,293 1,138 999 101 8,919 7,418 4,129 3,116 955 73 153 294 1,805 29 2,443 1,093 15 3,240 701 661 338 295 84 19 16 28 155 4 163. 101 3 247 16,652 16,270 10,864 7,998 2,386 214 247 463 4,296 66 4,348 1,159 14 5,316 19,180 19, 768 13,100 9,191 2,906 263 310 641 5,143 81 5,329 1,510 23 6,453 3,528 1909 3,498 1904 2,236 1899 1,193 1889 619 1879. 49 1869 2 85 1,117 256 180 4 1,232 63 States, 19H. California 188 Illinois 847 Minnesota 16 New York 981 Pennsylvania 361 Texas.... 9 All "other-states 2 1,137 ; Mississippi, 2; "Vvominp;, 1. ^^^. ^„^„^„^„ ^ ^^^uwi.^t^^^^„^, ^^.^^^^^^ , -, 0--7 -. f -• ^ - / ' Massachu- setts, 5; Michican, 4; Missouri, 3; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 3; OMo, 5; Oregon, 2; Tennessee, 1; Virginia, 2; 574 CENSUS OF m:an"ufactures : 1914. Table 223 -SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. BAGS, OTHER THAN PAPER. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1 18791 18691 States, 1914. Georgia Illinois lyQuisiana New York Tennessee All other states ^ 138 9,358' 109 7,968 79 6,722 73 3,922 80 6,633 64 6,451 72 4,267 4 287 9 275 4 713 30 1,362 4 471 87 6,260 10,392 6,855 4,522 1,756 5,021 "i,"684' 1,291 292 1,229 871 395 6,314 830,878 S3, 789 24,626 2,942 12,387 1,829 7,418 1,102 9,348 2,050 4,917 1,604 4,449 1,411 1,076 110 466 141 2,830 236 2,510 556 1,688 156 22,409 2,690 $67,021 46,364 30, 768 16,439 16, 178 10,086 6,453 281 2,326 6,929 7,608 2,808 47,071 S79,049 64, 882 37, 399 19, 652 20,208 13,238 12,770 698 2,876 7,804 8,962 3,246 55, 4G3 BAGS, PAPEE, NOT INCLUDING BAGS MADE IN PAPEK MILLS. United States. 1914 59 74 62 63 56 80 39 17 9 12 21 3,505 3,212 2,473 1,989 1,200 1,569 444 1,271 646 246 1,342 3,682 3,885 2,927 2,148 894 11,078 10,780 11,441 6,917 2,322 1,306 473 3,878 1,648 762 4,800 1,659 1,306 930 628 400 440 135 666 306 96 602 12,201 10,355 6,596 4,499 8,168 3,037 1,063 6,111 1,831 517 4,742 17,603 15,698 10,087 6,799 6,024 4,113 1,484 6,764 2,893 769 7,197 5,402 1909 6,343 1904 3,492 1899 2,300 1889 1,866 1879 1,075 1869 448 870 863 239 1,720 431 States, 1914. 1,643 Ohio 1,062 242 2,455 BAKING POWDEES AND YEAST. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 191/,. Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Missouri Ohio Pennsylvania All other states < 124 144 164 191 150 110 30 5 2,270 2,155 2,449 1,938 1,441 1,042 235 17 628 63 6 30 42 7,862 3,335 2,965 2,446 1,315 90 3,022 109 6 35 227 7 4,456 36,272 1,241 33, 647 1,046 13,233 1,042 8,338 717 3,688 574 1,351 466 294 88 26 3 6,416 383 163 32 7 3 48 10 102 22 33 4 28,614 787 10,895 22,339 9,338 20,776 8,940 19,043 7,127 14,568 4,274 7,407 3,334 4,761 601 895 18 29 3,467 8,455 119 229 11 22 90 164 248 416 26 46 6,936 13,007 1 "Bagging, flax, hemp, and jute," and "bags, other than paper." 2 Includes: California, 7 establishments; Florida, 2; Indiana, 2; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 3; Massachusetts, 6; Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 8; Missouri, 5; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 5; North Carolina, 5; Ohio, 9; Oregon, 2; Pennsylvania, 8; South Carolina, 2; Texas, 3; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 10; Wash- ington, 1; Wisconsm, 3. 3 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 1; Illinois, 2; Indiana, 3; Maine, 2; Maryland, 4; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1; Texas, 1; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 4. « Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; California, 6; Colorado, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Iowa, 2; Louisiana, 1; Maryland, 4; Michigan, 7; Minnesota, 3; Mississippi, 1; Nebraska, 2; New Jersey, 4 ;New York, 28; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 2; Ehode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 2; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, 4; Washington, 1; Wisconijin, 2. GENEKAL TABLES. 575 TABIE 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. BASKETS, AND KATTAN AND WILLOW WAKE. United States 1914 1903 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. Alabama California Delaware District of Columbia . Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon PBansylvania Vei'mont Wisconsin All other states i 419 4,574 456 4,664 486 5,106 454 4,217 403 3,303 304 3,119 295 1,779 113 644 70 207 4 100 16 173 6 347 3 3 H 45 10 642 4 109 4 1 4 6 5 10 19 109 15 122 13 238 3 6 5 37 4 116 28 227 158 1,064 34 617 3 16 39 238 5 48 6 186 20 215 7,293 7,196 6,252 5,997 1,824 826 177 287 295 892 100 30 40 272 674 3 18 213 561 1,660 1,148 S 170 265 207 472 S4,591 $1,923 4,199 1,747 3,600 1,731 2,844 1,213 2,703 1,004 1,853 657 586 396 140 166 41 68 37 25 242 85 207 94 2 1 64 23 456 185 80 68 6 6 3 11 4 100 47 120 69 363 113 4 3 39 16 63 55 279 96 1,430 623 318 223 36 11 269 121 49 21 202 74 212 74 $2, 999 2,335 1,803 1,335 1,398 867 302 78 43 16 297 132 7 23 167 37 1 2 3 70 129 285 126 1,132 144 9 187 11 62 114 $6, 678 5,695 6,187 3,636 3,634 1,993 1,106 337 163 53 462 296 13 76 622 148 4 8 14 145 250 537 8 54 106 320 2,164 481 28 443 United States.' 1914 12 18 21 23 22 20 31 9 445 41t 530 663 372 773 389 60 787 575 516 1,077 314 1,040 845 882 1,038 690 793 617 85 244 204 253 308 194 280 186 20 438 473 463 603 390 525 513 139 970 961 1,000 1,248 823 1,066 1,023 225- 532 1909 488 1904... 637 1899 646 1889 433 1879 541 1869 205 510 1859 • . 86 BELTING AND HOSE, RUBBER. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, 1914. New Jersey All other states ^ 18 5,116 18 5,131 19 3,698 18 1,771 17 1,836 9 2,239 9 2,876 22,995 17,471 12,343 6,317 4,942 10,260 12,735 22,437 2,902 19,732 2,473 13,240 1,805 5,494 918 6,270 883 8,753 1,260 13,684 1,642 12, 967 10, 976 9,090 4,076 3,480 5,218 7,749 23,661 19,238 14,954 6,169 6,513 10,341 13,220 ' Includes: Arkansas, 2 establishments; Connecticut, 3; Florida, 2; Georgia, 1; Kansas, 2; Nebraska, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, 2; Washington, 4 ; West Virginia, 1. 'Includes in 1914: Coimectiout, 3 establishments; Illinois, 1; Maryland, 1; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1; New York, 2; Ohio, 2. 'Includes; California, 2 establishments; Connecticut, 1; Delaware, 1; Massachusetts, 3; New York, 2. 576 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMABY FOB INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. BELTING AND HOSE, 'WOVEN. ITnited States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, 1911,. Maryland Massachusetts Pennsylvania All other states i 31 952 28 1,188 20 692 7 254 9 273 3 119 6 183 4 131 18 619 2,756 3,076 1,148 295 354 225 615 421 1,495 $4,848 S460 4,528 483 2,668 262 526 64 796 124 381 41 906 99 923 67 2,638 263 3,529 1,098 452 428 254 603 342 1,670 $4,441 8,491 2,837 717 778 352 942 741 2,400 BELTING, LEATHEE. United States 1914 1909.... •. 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1911,. California Illinois Louisiana Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Washington All other states 2 151 2,951 139 3,006 117 2,092 104 1,667 93 1,342 96 91 1,227 808 46 8 6 354 39 26 8 157 3 11 20 1,113 5 44 8 57 35 546 10 7S 15 189 4 19 4 14 3 6 30 691 7,411 6,638 3,220 2,162 1,040 344 47 136 15 1,386 156 86 3,312 216 310 88 54 9 .1,596 20,139 2,070 17,457 1,861 10,785 1,165 7,408 914 4,973 781 2,749 606 2,119 464 588 135 41 16 192 24 1,162 129 85 9 5,852 764 524 34 180 43 4,714 387 607 56 1,042 129 90 12 50 11 70 6 5,571 466 15,480 23,036 16,623 23,692 9,317 14,2i0 7,600 10,623 6,133 8,634 5,020 6,526 3,231 4,568 915 1,482 112 161 170 257 978 1,406 103 139 4,980 7,297 364 603 206 466 3,140 4,892 543 730 1,295 1,775 90 131 81 116 17 63 3,613 5,273 EILLIAKD TABLES AND MATERIALS. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 191',. Illinois Massachusetts Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 64 1,453 64 1,495 48 796 74 453 57 1,017 46 857 39 605 25 302 6 22 6 43 6 36 5 56 33 1,297 3,213 2,642 631 277 791 17 19 120 48 3,009 5,438 985 4,705 1,011 1,618 501 884 278 1,467 705 1,078 401 805 384 289 141 72 17 145 33 72 19 198 29 4,9Sl 887 2,488 3,369 937 729 1,296 1,080 651 344 64 109 68 92 2,166 4,894 5,878 2,223 1,648 2,823 2,290 1,693 740 77 200 114 147 4,366 lowaj Orogi a Includes: Maine, 1 esfablishment; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 3; Missouri, 2; New Jersey 2- New York 22 Virguua, 1; Wisconsin, 1. j >.>-"■ j , GENEEAL TABLES. 577 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES. BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. yEAB AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. BLACKING, STAINS, AND DSES3INGS. United Staies. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 ; 1879 1869 1859 States, 191.i. California Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Missouri Nbw York Ohio :.. Pennsylvania All other states > 1?7 1,766 2,636 $4,986 $877 $5. 129 $9,882 201 1, 438 2,234 4, 4,')5 66S 4,263 8,419 138 1,21S 1,905 3,1.55 496 3,097 5,941 121 1,2.50 1,230 2,719 424 2,187 4,505 71 832 916 1,403 331 1,484 2,900 48 32 436 305 495 267 108 107 711 429 1,491 818 91 IS 3 20 185 5 156 183 20 363 43 3 84 195 9 361 321 22 641 227 59 606 481 1,299 262 1,756 3,199 3 14 4 39 2 170 1 20 7 219 16 365 230 36 557 493 1,611 265 1,561 3,280 12 20 23 68 15 90 179 14 72 210 252 33 317 462 36 407 972 1,201 194 809 1,718 Vniied States. 1914 66 82 56 65 63 23 11 8 9 4 6 39 254 313 206 220 155 146 54 17 25 5 19 188 220 242 284 116 30 712 656 570 415 184 179 63 20 30 20 66 586 105 114 77 79 48 50 18 8 10 2 7 78 ,489 494 266 245 187 197 37 14 34 11 60 380 1,184 1,074 679 676 4.57 346 92 34 80 16 80 974 695 1909 680 1904 413 1899 331 1889 270 1879 148 1869 States, 191/,. Illinois...... 60 1 16 1 28 174 55 20 KewYork 46 Ohio 5 30 594 BONE, CARBON, AND LAMP BLACK. Uvited States. 1914 27 27 25 15 24 18 9 24 5 IS 9 339 228 200 85 323 224 66 168 24 161 178 1,816 1,023 1,085 365 636 4,995 1,842 1,663 782 1,628 627 93 269 41 4,213 782 231 149 105 46 152 80 21 52 7 106 126 686 445 203 106 486 440 108 179 21 387 290 1,464 1,093 648 360 1,031 661 194 377 42 8.51 613 778 1909 648 1904 416 1899 2.54 1889 645 1879 221 1869 43 86 1869 198 1849....... 21 States, 19H. West Virginia . . 1,016 800 464 314 • ' Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 2; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 3; Marvland, 2; Minnesota, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 10; North Carolma, 1; Oregon, 1; RhodeIsland,"2;Tennessee,l;Virginia,l; Washington, 1; West Virginia,l; Wisconsin, 3. _ ■ ' Includes: California, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 1; Indiana, 2; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; I.ouisiaiia, l;Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 6; Michigan, 4; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 5; New Jerseyi 3; Oklahoma, 1; Ore- gon, l;Texas,2; Virgia.a, 2; Washington, 2; West Virginia, 1, Wisconsin, 2; ,„,,,. , .^ ' Includes: Massachusetts, 2 establishments; New Jersey, 1; New York, 1; Ohio, 1; Oklahoma, 1; PennT Bylvaflia, 3. 67031 iisT 578 CENSUS OF MANUPACTTJEES : 1914. Tatji.e 223.— summary FOR INDUSTRIES: COMrARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials, Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. BOOKBINDING AND BLANK-BOOK MAKOiG. Uvited states. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 19ift. California District of Columbia. Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Lomsiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire Ne'.v Jersey New York Ohio Oklahoma OregoQ Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states 1 1,124 21,693 1,054 19, 93S 908 17,713 954 15, 971 805 12,473 588 10,612 500 7.697 271 4,7S7 235 3,468 46 359 6 .53 102 2,460 17 • 110 14 91 6 7 7 42 7 64 16 230 96 3,317 28 469 19 181 35 786 3 11 34 602 383 8,772 60 977 3 7 6 60 122 2,032 8 27 5 IS 6 209 12 36 30 612 63 261 11,266 10,099 5,671 4,689 2,377 773 203 16 1,228 145 30 4 16 44 88 1,843 272 76 413 3 353 4,081 758 8 63 1,102 12 14 10.5 28 221 140 $29,180 $11,575 22,935 9,676 16,905 7,887 12,745 6,672 10,062 5,508 S,799 3,927 5,319 3,096 1,656 1,050 1,064 901 462 227 61 29 2,773 1,434 257 62 151 50 7 3 31 24 57 31 172 103 3,927 1,839 921 242 223 102 1,370 462 7 7 981 276 11,769 4, 552 2,044 634 12 4 44 31 2,647 1,008 30 13 17 12 2.53 77 92 28 677 282 296 140 $13,334 11.630 9,140 7,703 6,007 5,196 8,027 1, 5,55 1,560 209 31 ,572 290 35 66 1,525 629 86 452 3 231 5,056 1,003 5 23 1,340 8 5 105 35 425 120 $38, 104 31,742 25,224 20, 791 17,068 11,977 14,077 3,733 3,226 730 79 4,284 459 254 15 56 100 252 4,943 1,262 304 1,557 17 774 14,814 2.832 15 98 3,367 40 24 262 112 1,014 440 $24,770 20,112 16,084 13,088 11,061 6,781 6,050 2,178 1,666 521 48 2,712 169 186 11 48 65 186 3,418 633 218 1,105 14 643 9,758 1,829 10 75 2,027 32 19 1,57 77 589 320 BOOT AND SHOE CUT STOCK, EXCLUSIVp: OF THAT PRODUCED IN DOOT AND .'^HOE FACTOHIES. United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 Statis, 19U. Illinois Maine Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania All other states 2 236 7,819 232 6,693 290 5,936 342 6,155 344 4,992 172 2,885 5 322 4 . 27 1.80 3,781 17 587 6 177 24 2,925 6,829 4,769 4,519 3,202 2,788 146 436 3,045 964 71 2,167 30,455 4,0.52 15, 735 3, 166 9,850 2,364 7.003 2,231 5,402 1,891 1,210 735 754 186 77 15 15,016 2,029 2,614 242 668 70 11,426 1,.510 51, 450 30, 920 21 , 587 17, 800 13, 745 5,9.39 1, 151 82 30, 413 1,911 858 17,035 59,965 44,661 27, 676 23,243 17, 904 7,632 1,498 121 35, 637 2,618 1,042 19, 149 8,515 7,741 6,089 5,443 4,159 1,593 347 ■39 6,224 607 184 2,114 1 Includes: Alabama, 4 establishments; Colorado, 3; Connecticut, 17; Delaware, 1; Cleorgia, 2; Idaho, 2; Kentucky, 3; Mississippi, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; North Carolina, 1; Rhode Island, 9; South Dakota, 1; Utah, 4; Vermont, 2; West Virginia, 1. 2 Includes: Kansas, 1 establishment; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 3; New Hamp- shire, 5; New Jersey, 4; Ohio, 5; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 5Y9 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in tliousands. BOOT AND SHOE FINDINGS, EXCLUSIVE OF THOSE PRODUCED IN BOOT AND SHOE FACTORIES. United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869' States, 19H. Illinois Maine Massacliusetts New York Pennsylvania Texas Wisconsin All otlier states ^ 369 6,714 343 6,488 289 4,434 312 3,246 456 3,434 216 297 1,935 3,062 5 4 5 144 240 4,389 57 781 9 53 3 9 4 42 46 1,292 5,868 6,637 3,229 2,843 1,987 1,155 2 348 3,806 373 10 2 44 1,283 $12,663 $3,226 9,499 2,947 4,426 1,648 3,541 1,252 3,009 1,205 980 622 1,028 871 8 2 311 83 8,768 2,234 792 275 64 25 10 6 117 21 2,603 581 KO, 304 18,361 6,338 6,023 3,868 1,637 1,881 209 13, 504 950 46 17 134 5,436 $28,303 25,505 9,905 7,835 6,805 2,936 3,654 17 373 19, 021 1,606 103 32 189 6,962 BOOTS AND SHOES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucliy Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Micliigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New Yorlc North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Texas Virginia Washington Wisconsin AH other states 3 1,355 191,555 1,343 185, 116 1,316 149, 924 1,599 141, 830 2,082 133,690 1,959 111,152 16 617 9 567 47 6,071 6 360 9 389 4 28 9 440 7 261 50 8,815 7 595 404 76,944 24 2,035 14 2,012 49 13, 169 55 12,937 42 3,834 235 26, 193 4 70 62 14,461 131 13,184 7 64 8 1,555 11 178 61 5,772 24 1,014 100, 232 85,896 56,220 49, 444 30, 686 11,574 475 227 3,286 423 427 38 428 166 4,369 242 32, 870 1,596 1,159 8,911 6,714 1,814 14,458 217 9,813 6,271 32 1,343 194 3,888 871 254, 691 105,695 197, 090 92,359 122,526 69,060 99, 819 58,441 95, 282 60,667' 42,994 43,001 920 396 901 252 8,366 3,185 1,094 184 463 244 50 16 1,930 180 434 120 8,043 4,948 948 278 92,254 46, 744 3,064 932 6,103 1,121 27, 702 6,113 12, 733 6,676 4,521 1,935 29,965 15, 195 155 14 21, 542 7,030 15,818 6,119 82 28 2,453 716 1,068 112 12,546 2,695 . 1,446 462 310,357 277, 468 197, 363 168, 633 118, 786 102,442 1,253 1,338 10, 983 776 501 31 1,672 367 14, 743 824 120, 326 3,181 3,980 25, 946 26, 365 4,767 40, 188 104 19, 248 16, 524 66 2,561 500 11,989 2,134 501, 760 442,631 320, 107 258, 970 220, 649 166, 060 1,891 1,958 16, 892 1,278 845 67 2,564 634 22, 836 1,447 200, 630 5,357 6,918 40,311 37, 664 8,239 67, 289 149 32, 774 27, 846 122 3,709 707 17, 643 3,191 •"Boot andshoeflndings"and "shoe pegs." ,,.,.. , ,,. 2 Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 2; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 1; Mis- souri, 2; New Hampshire, 11; New Jersey, 12; Ohio, 6; Rhode Island, 3; Virginia, 2; Washington, 2. * Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Colorado, 1; Georgia, 1; Nebraska, 2; New Mexico, 1; Okla- homa, 1; Oregon, 4; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 2; Utah, 1; Vermont, 4; West Vir- ginia, 2. 580 CENSUS OF MANXIFACTTTRES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914.-Conttaueil. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary borse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. BOOTS AND SHOES, KUBBEK. Unitei States. 1914 23 22 22 22 11 9 9 14 18, 687 17,612 18, 991 14,391 9,134 4,662 8,087 10,600 24,621 25,903 26,084 26,017 9,543 $46, 051 43,905 39,442 33,668 17,791 ,2,425 23,027 23,024 $9,986 8,544 8,867 6,427 3,813 1,469 4,468 5,618 $23,956 29,577 32,000 22,683 11,651 6,023 10,465 13, 601 363,822 49, 721 70,065 41,090 18, 632 9,706 23,789 30, 033 329,866 1909 20, 144 1904 .. 38,065 1899 18, 407 1889 6,981 1879 3,083 States, 1011,. Massachusetts . 8,177 16,444 13, 334 16, 532 BOXES, CIGAR. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 19U- California Colorado Florida Illinois Indiana Iowa Maryland Massachusetts Micliigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York 01iio2.. Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 2 238 5,835 274 6,115 297 6,282 315 4,609 291 5,125 221 2,365 783 104 10 5 22 62 3 21 4 467 18 390 5 70 7 76 8 172 5 188 10 328 7 67 4 71 6 122 41 1,226 26 443 63 1,693 8 166 18 283 5,350 6,049 6,548 4,274 4,447 273 51 12 459 281 109 46 161 108 277 40 45 67 840 564 1,840 231 219 5,270 2,299 5,403 2,234 4,457 2,120 3,288 1,440 3,374 1,803 1,024 749 275 242 16 9 64 31 17 11 498 225 429 165 56 23 101 31 136 68 268 92 263 126 76 32 67 27 96 34 «86 567 410 161 1,476 562 266 46 162 99 4,269 4,313 3,810 3,061 3,667 1,390 477 17 60 15 282 298 37 49 137 182 195 68 75 91 878 339 1,208 118 237 8,337 8,491 7,786 4,857 7,092 2,903 960 32 124 35 635 672 93 116 251 339 394 143 145 144 1,782 628 2,124 266 442 BOXES, FANCY AND PAPER. 38, 179 23,323 16, 117 9,286 4,928 United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859: 1849 > Includes: Connecticut, 5 establishments; Indiana, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 2 Includes: Connecticut, 3 establishments; Kansas, 1; Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 1; South Carolina, 1; Texas, 1; 1; West Virginia, 1. 1,043 45,311 949 39,614 796 32,082 729 27,663 688 18,949 369 9,678 249 4,632 110 1,601 82 718 413 60,027 18, 706 36,475 14,015 22,691 10,208 14,979 8,152 9,278 5,827 2,496 2,374 1,192 1,259 333 369 136 140 36,268 25,716 16,686 11,766 7,894 3, .579 1,693 467 188 74,711 54,460 36, 867 27, 316 18, 805 7,666 4,030 1,163 434 New Jersey, 2; New York, 1; Rhode Island, 4; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Utah, 1; Vermont, 1; Vii-ginia, 2; Washington, GENERAL TABLES. 581 TablB 223. -SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners Primary estab- (average horse- lish- num- power. ments. ber). Capital. Cost of materials, Value of products, Expressed in thousands. BOXES, FANCY AND PAPER — Continued. States, 1914. 23 42 3 5 80 17 8 4 4 12 21 97 23 13 32 8 51 331 4 49 4 133 12 8 3 14 8 18 16 753 2,196 85 363 4,686 739 125 93 172 288 905 4,244 1,461 650 1,092 127 2,176 14,192 106 2,456 90 5,140 499 281 46 499 133 1,319 496 484 1,665 29 233 5,600 789 98 220 52 161 611 3,393 5,935 625 727 85 1,635 8,604 23 1,941 60 2,427 144 213 20 406 60 1,554 395 $1,091 2,919 60 811 8,629 1,458 188 127 97 250 960 4,097 3,277 1,264 2,320 107 1,722 18,058 79 3,078 158 4,888 355 329 25 611 241 2,286 652 S371 1,076 19 114 2,158 322 43 22 62 120 292 1,886 748 325 466 46 804 6,750 26 961 49 1,826 172 92 18 151 58 535 214 $707 1,819 41 786 5,173 938 81 64 75 168 625 3.672 2,131 560 747 90 1,192 9,648 68 2,087 73 2,977 298 342 23 289 85 1,119 420 $1,451 3,742 76 1,126 9,741 1,705 176 119 178 358 1,279 7,085 3,748 1,322 1,636 180 2,659 21,692 140 4,060 219 6.646 626 669 51 726 216 2,327 959 ;744 1,923 District of Columbia 35 339 Illinois 4,668 767 95 65 103 Haine. 190 654 3,413 Michigan 1,617 Minnesota 772 Missouri ... 889 90 1,467 New York 12,044 North Carolina. 82 Ohio 1,973 Oregon 146 Pennsylvania 3,569 328 227 Vermont 28 437 Washington 131 Wisconsin 1,208 All other states i 539 BOXES, WOODEN PACKING. United States. 1914 1,174 1,179 1,023 892 636 602 696 390 246 10 15 32 18 13 7 68 31 31 7 12 44 28 91 40 25 8 26 38,548 35,449 30,329 21,999 13,006 7,722 6,303 2,035 990 218 424 1,156 295 807 823 4,438 592 210 788 1,155 815 - 1,883 2,995 1,626 768 213 1,051 126,805 112,498 85,961 64,724 26,916 66,694 55,056 39,543 21,939 13,018 5,304 4,029 1,284 386 193 446 2,453 239 1,976 933 6,513 913 604 1,900 1,474 1,682 1,900 6,217 2,802 1,203 217 2,479 18,206 15,336 12,171 7,821 5,616 2,769 2,068 743 309 82 177 734 91 307 268 2,387 268 107 323 402 409 707 1,641 782 428 67 481 52,840 46,478 33,479 22,778 14,245 7,675 4,690 1,420 515 83 289 2,074 115 325 373 6,215 721 358 983 989 1,364 2,012 4,776 2,^97 1,139 76 1,524 86,567 75,342 57,048 38,164 25,513 12,687 8,965 2,940 1,100 209 553 3,538 263 933 895 10,229 1,247 621 1,586 1,740 1,980 3,369 7,711 3,681 1,788 202 2,636 33,727 1909 28,864 1904 23,569 1899 .... 15,386 1889 41,268 1879 5,012 1869 9,941 4,375 1859. ... 1,520 1849. 685 States, 1914. Alabama 585 1,655 4,281 890 2,159 2,286 10,720 1,766 436 1,820 3,068 3,769 5,133 12, 658 6,025 2,569 641 4,884 126 Arkansas,, . 264 California 1,464 148 Florida 608 522 Tllitinis 4,014 InHinna 626 Iowa 163 603 TjOniRiansi. 751 626 Maryland 1,357 Massachusetts, , 2,935 1,284 Minnp ■*'ota , . 649 Mississippi 126 Missouri 1,111 'Includes: Colorado, 2 establishments; Delaware, 1; Kansas, 3; Nebraska, 1; Oklahoma, 1; South Caro- lina, 1; South Dakota, 1; Texas, 3; Utah, 1; West Virginia, 2. 582 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAE AND STATE. Num- ber o£ estab- lish- ments. ■Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost ot materials Value ot products. Expressed in thousands. BOXES, 'WooDEK PACKING — Continued. States, iS/.^— Continued, Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carohna Ohio Oklahoma Oregon iPennsylvania South Carolina Texas Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i 30 187 32 94 3 16 66 6 26 16 21 21 13 56 61 77 1,411 1,469 3,202 924 1,397 34 327 1,813 279 765 443 1,989 338 173 2,369 1,281 273 5,706 1,522 10,254 4,036 5,499 95 1,263 6,022 587 3,960 1,397 4,972 2,208 965 7,990 4,752 $135 2,655 2,994 6,223 1,615 2,095 39 617 3,451 137 1,971 1,058 2,423 761 269 3,821 2,296 $50 689 738 1,621 347 716 32 196 887 71 344 206 691 220 84 1,065 588 $138 2,512 2,775 6,228 1,027 2,059 20 549 3,071 108 650 489 2,430 383 307 2,820 1,571 $212 3,923 3,884 9,604 1,808 3,356 67 1,027 4,653 245 1,196 842 3,816 789 476 4,947 2,742 BEASS, BEONZE, AND COPPER PKODTJCTS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 19H. California Colorado Connecticut nimois Indiana Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota., Missouri New Hampshue New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Utah Wasliington West Vu'ginia Wisconsin All other states » 992 1,021 813 695 610 449 335 7 67 75 21 9 5 15 73 64 9 18 5 61 228 84 6 107 19 7 3 11 4 30 28 40,306 40,618 33, 168 27, 166 21,849 12,614 6,156 247 36 16, 781 1,502 662 59 31 392 1,620 4,731 99 383 63 1,236 6,627 2,277 35 1,940 123 91 2 45 49 1,122 263 122, 700 106, 120 69,494 47, 257 27,571 6,442 400 75 57,033 2,698 1,166 166 70 2,078 7,415 14,251 154 523 146 5,798 13, 667 4,393 138 4,678 149 189 4 118 125 7,053 313 116,093 109,319 77,438 51,120 39,490 15,679 8,941 621 74 51,886 3,898 1,181 98 74 1,144 3,979 10, 778 179 1,705 96 3,254 16,279 5,976 135 8,798 311 319 12 140 222 4,077 857 25,084 23,677 17,666 13,599 11,293 5,729 2,707 230 26 9,846 1,109 421 39 26 243 1,063 3,030 68 264 30 760 4,051 1,657 34 1,260 76 63 2 42 25 674 145 115, 487 99, 228 65, 653 61, 189 27, 293 16,864 7,093 487 54 53,886 5,240 802 73 42 763 3,715 11, 473 242 2,438 60 3,175 15, 215 4,190 59 7,123 210 351 5 84 103 4,395 1,322 162, 199 149,989 102, 407 88,654 60,056 27,332 13,131 951 101 69,353 7,570 1,561 137 84 1,173 6,959 16,869 369 3,047 99 4,686 23,966 7,843 140 9,780 577 495 10 180 193 5,409 1,668 1 Includes: Arizona, 2 establishments; Colorado, 3; Connecticut, 13; Idaho, 2; Kansas, 6; Rhode Island, 7; Tennessee, 13; Utah, 4; Wyoming, 1. ^Includes: Alabama, 4 estabUshments; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Georgia, 2- Iowa, 6- Kan- Baa, 2; Louisiana, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 3; Tennessee, 3; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 1. GENEEAL TABLES. 583 Table 223.— STJMMAEY FOR INDUSTRIES; COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. BKEAD AND OTHER BAKERY PRODUCTS. United States. 1914 26,963 23,926 18, 226 14, 836 10,484 6,396 3,560 1,930 2,027 87 46 160 1,117 285 487 67 58 184 107 65 2,278 826 518 472 236 284 202 523 1,419 922 443 83 1,043 105 333 31 1.52 1,278 45 4,249 66 58 1,634 3'42 163 2,987 204 66 88 161 530 86 85 140 390 138 704 47 124,052 100,216 81, 278 60, 192 38,841 22,488 14, 126 6,514 6,727 661 148 387 4,851 1,082 2,014 257 1,161 672 726 104 10,404 3,188 2,182 1,001 993 1,440 729 2,038 8,083 4,014 2,169 306 5,269 274 1,140 66 480 5,712 89 27,002 305 205 7,665 697 700 15,157 1,112 286 255 1,152 1,949 306 357 1,033 1,419 569 2,197 57 107,771 65,298 37,241 22,472 10,023 $271,262 212,910 122,353 80,902 45, 758 19, 155 10,026 3,909 3,391 908 264 576 8,934 •2,565 3,863 506 2,318 825 866 231 26,466 7,403 4,300 1,824 1,422 1,728 947 4,637 13,775 8,636 6,500 333 15. 157 1,112 2,080 87 526 10,469 136 65,563 323 536 15,355 1 305 1,615 36,089 1,425 387 623 1,743 4,179 1,050 480 1,726 2,998 1,191 5,247 164 $76,867 69, 361 43,172 27,864 19,120 9,411 5,353 2,086 1,960 290 131 207 3,859 712 1,403 140 848 369 331 79 6,828 1,936 1,269 609 653 690 424 1,027 4,866 2,460 1,308 145 2,875 222 682 67 292 3,968 69 17,641 127 121 4,783 382 463 8,614 693 115 166 627 1,095 198 204 559 1,001 346 1,218 45 $274,257 238,034 155,989 95,052 72.508 42, 612 22,212 10, 634 8,367 1,198 366 833 12,236 2,642 4,661 621 2,291 1,192 1,619 283 23, 639 7,234 5,166 2,221 1,942 2,793 1,667 4,630 18,271 9,308 4,794 614 10, 157 710 2,617 170 983 12,968 242 59, 635 522 445 17, 296 1,681 1,880 31,685 2,326 506 704 2,392 4,142 799 813 2,188 3,648 1,327 4,536 186 $491, 893 396, 865 269, 683 176.369 128,422 65, 826 36,908 10,980 13,294 2,056 '663 1,442 21,865 4,785 8,005 964 3,916 2,169 2,637 647 46,250 12,464 9,151 3,914 3,347 4,978 2,626 8,098 33,309 16, 000 8,724 919 19,941 1,311 6,111 316 1,676 22,310 412 109,228 873 811 30,561 2,774 3,326 54,140 4,017 806 1,266 4,093 7,503 1,370 1,403 3,697 6,573 2,305 8,068 313 $217,636 158,831 1909 1904 113, 594 1899 80,317 56,914 23,213 14. 696 1889 1879 . . .. 1869 2,588 1859 6,346 1849 4,927 States, 1011,. 558 38 319 3,585 936 1,316 263 937 495 572 90 9,465 3,794 2,041 1,003 976 1,283 445 2,220 6,589 3,479 2,289 184 5,000 234 999 38 361 4,599 48 18,713 300 226 8,978 669 689 14,697 739 278 279 887 2,326 249 264 1,161 1,265 824 1,276 37 858 An7.nim. 297 609 California... 9,619 Colorado - - 2,143 COTlTlPf'tiflllt 3,344 Delaware 333 District of Columbia Florida 1,625 977 Georgia . . . 1,018 264 Illinois . 21, 611 6,230 Iowa 3,985 Kftn,sa,s . . 1,693 1,405 2,185 1,069 3,468 15,038 6,692 MinTiA.snta . . 3,930 405 Missouri 9,784 601 2,494 148 New Hampshire 693 9,352 170 49, 693 351 386 Ohio 13,268 1,193 Oregon. . 1, 446 Pennsylvania 22,455 Rhode Island . 1,891 South Carolina 301 652 Tennessee. 1,701 Texas 3,361 Utah 671 590 1,509 Washington 3,025 West Virginia.. . 978 Wiscrnisin . 3,522 127 584 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES; BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials, Value of products. Expressed in thousands. BRICK AND TILE, TERRA-COTTA, AND FIRE-CLAY PRODUCTS. United states. 1914 States, m/f. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware District of Columbia, Florida Georgia Idaho , Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states i 3,239 100, 182 51 1,599 12 96 26 395 72 2,387 41 561 13 169 i 129 14 222 53 1,875 10 73 219 7,151 218 4,689 158 3,163 29 1,216 69 2,234 31 683 37 467 41 1,721 46 1,124 84 1,719 61 1,215 38 551 90 5,188 17 191 44 489 21 345 90 7,786 5 149 171 5,776 127 1,601 9 171 450 16,238 23 402 42 382 356 17,412 31 696 3 26 72 1,640 70 1,765 27 438 4 47 64 1,663 40 962 40 1,451 72 828 7 47 37 1,160 442, 813 6,373 300 2,323 12,453 3,559 767 390 1,320 9,741 763 42, 397 28,643 20,081 7,239 7,297 2,389 1,277 6,258 3,378 9,794 7,664 2,435 14, 747 1,488 3,577 641 19, 103 648 26,467 7,959 1,728 67, 161 3,231 2,894 69,310 2,950 265 4,892 8, 738 2,646 125 5,852 5,404 7,245 3,821 187 1,893 $279,860 $64,907 3,276 579 178 71 1,000 161 9,644 1,704 2,410 376 399 74 146 49 610 84 4,205 739 179 44 25,223 5,219 12,643 2,647 11,525 2,169 3,052 723 4,896 860 961 171 1,144 308 5,729 720 2,197 680 3,899 960 4,266 764 704 198 16,331 2,771 749 183 2,153 303 480 192 19,908 3,984 296 66 14,595 3,009 1,773 502 1,039 101 42,356 9,798 1,484 217 1,764 201 49,240 8,869 945 200 126 15 3,008 704 4,242 778 1,994 280 93 26 3,635 614 6,589 626 3,939 1,088 1,784 417 89 26 2,972 637 S42, 723 560 39 126 1,355 396 47 45 94 828 22 3,601 2.316 2,021 635 730 114 316 498 417 836 749 188 1,995 150 169 114 2,423 64 1,774 493 69 7,208 129 165 8,032 238 16 505 916 123 11 513 529 563 301 12 $135, 921 1,622 176 461 4,319 1,127 173 119 288 2,394 95 12,434 7,218 6,400 1,953 2,203 396 741 1,645 1,459 2,474 2,152 513 6,609 474 644 417 8,826 219 6,267 1,507 270 23,376 496 521 22, 731 579 38 1,638 2,316 625 51 1,493 2,027 1,977 1,114 55 1,389 United States. 1914. 1909. 1869- 1859. 1849. 868. 6,642 898 5,199 635 6,206 228 1,184 303 1,184 8,706 2,624 7,890 2,363 2,016 1,269 506 288 316 266 7,884 8,391 3,673 874 529 14,085 14,432 6,622 1,428 941 ' Includes: Connecticut, 34 establishments; Nevada, 2; Rhode Island, 1. 2 The manufacture ol brooms and that of brushes were shown as one industry at the censuses from 1879 to 1904, Inclusive. GENERAL TABLES. 585 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES; COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOE 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. BKOOMS '—Continued. States, 1914. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Georgia ■ Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky i... Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Temiessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington ■Wisconsin All other states 2 8 40 40 $40 $19 $36 578 8 28 39 68 13 66 85 19 131 76 158 72 174 296 6 27 11 64 22 44 94 7 13 19 15 7 16 34 12 92 68 126 32 131 198 65 646 387 665 318 820 1,633 48 324 290 646 131 454 760 40 196 248 477 111 260 572 42 183 142 368 82 240 449 20 179 140 234 52 311 503 6 76 32 69 34 . 54 140 6 18 3 20 10 30 50 21 170 60 166 68 243 380 26 121 97 218 62 232 407 28 105 70 118 65 165 268 19 99 69 113 61 137 266 6 8 8 7 4 7 17 49 223 184 484 112 323 666 14 154 143 333 57 219 425 6 6 11 8 3 9 17 9 127 60 109 40 153 ■247 60 1,078 752 1,586 463 1,263 2,301 4 24 16 28 6 34 54 77 345 377 431 155 454 840 36 97 116 136 63 107 227 6 35 74 76 18 66 103 SO 614 456 829 264 758 1,259 8 20 21 16 9 22 45 36 116 63 95 64 135 252 31 177 149 276 96 264 460 4 6 10 4 1 3 7 12 43 29 28 15 36 62 9 60 80 147 30 94 167 26 96 68 115 51 160 266 16 66 138 433 25 374 667 BRUSHES. 1 United states. 1914 1909 1869 18.-)9 1849 Stales, lOli. California Colorado Connecticut Illinois Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states 3 ' The manufacture of brooms and that of brushes were shown as one industry at the censuses from 1879 to 1904 inclusive. ^Includes: Delaware. 1 establishment; District of Colxmibla, 2; Florida, 2; Idaho, 1; South Carolina, 1; South Dakota, 3; West Virginia, 5; Wyoming, 1. 'Includes: Delaware, 2 establishments; Florida, 3; Georgia,!; Indiana, 3; Iowa, 2; Kansas, 1; Ken- tucky,!; Louisiana. 1: Nebrasto. 1: New Hamnshire- 2- Oregon, 2; Tennessee,!; Vermont, 3; Wash- 586 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMAEY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horsfr- power. Capital. Cost of materials Value of products. Expressed in thousands. United States. 1914 1909 1904 States, 1914. Arizona California Colorado Delaware Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland _ Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey Ne\r Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Dakota Texas Utah Vermont Virginia West Virgmia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states i 4,366 14,149 4,783 11,563 5,235 9,530 4 37 174 909 66 239 10 45 23 62 186 492 111 654 474 1,274 58 716 10 122 17 90 29 33 17 33 270 769 773 1,426 64 361 32 71 48 696 11 21 20 42 10 19 6 10 279 790 3 7 58 115 143 1,099 14 46 72 260 287 713 63 134 51 174 23 118 143 330 13 90 3 5 675 1,606 14 42 123 499 91,628 78,123 77,523 162 4,167 1,148 257 495 2,977 2,443 8,870 2,466 115 460 317 158 4,035 12, 514 1,556 509 11,787 173 298 109 56 5,632 5,441 282 1,408 6,278 988 1,360 347 2,338 245 51 9,900 198 2,390 $59,625 $10,119 43,017 7,241 30,080 5,400 355 41 3,949 805 2,203 195 169 28 388 49 1,862 327 1,573 407 6,144 974 4,040 379 111 77 415 55 118 13 124 21 2,581 611 6,774 1,141 1,163 202 482 69 5,751 480 140 21 130 26 93 10 59 6 3,134 527 24 3 757 93 3,737 823 664 28 1,327 203 2,760 410 638 105 1,219 115 614 61 904 221 184 48 14 3 4,762 1,207 203 35 2,110 394 BUTTER, BEWORiaNG. 1914.. United States. 2 17 24 35 10 1909 1904 1899 304 295 404 148 1,349 1,471 1,684 631 $212,647 169,646 101,291 464 16, 763 2,518 183 832 6,962 6,673 23,602 8,216 116 1,239 199 697 11,666 30,361 4,367 1,011 9,791 373 529 219 140 10,813 51 1,464 12,419 673 3,580 7,374 2,677 1,762 930 6,442 476 35 30,913 400 5,737 1,397 200 3,543 186 1,719 252 256 68 $243,379 194,999 118,521 598 18, 899 3,017 242 997 8,151 7,905 27,028 9,557 287 1,426 259 814 13, 479 33,294 6,167 1,218 11,082 447 637 257 218 12,427 63 1,740 14,939 809 4,269 8,620 2,920 2,281 1,075 6,917 608 48 34,076 643 7,065 5,059 7,424 6,247 1,345 5,869 8,201 7,271 2,115 1 Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Arkansas, 2; Connecticut, 22; Georgia, 1; Louisiana. 2; Missis- sippi, 2; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 1 ; Tennessee,^; Washington 88 2 Includes in 1914: California, 1 establishment; Colorado, 2; Illinois, 2; Iowa, 3; Maryland 1- chusetts,!; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1; New York, 1; Ohio, 2; West Virginia 1- Wisconan 1 Massa- GENERAL TABLES. 587 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. United States. 517 444 275 238 106 124 64 43 59 9 18 31 12 81 14 9 60 224 9 21 29 14,511 16,427 10,567 8,685 3,831 5,825 1,912 1,161 1,088 32 1,063 696 284 2,406 485 282 1,773 5,223 157 1,154 956 14,398 12,831 6,982 4,165 1,680 S19,075 15,640 7,784 4,213 3,089 2,013 1,014 659 393 29 1,610 605 115 3,410 1,242 265 2,167 6,356 97 1,566 1,723 36,424 6,789 3,680 2,826 1,411 1,645 680 260 225 13 492 325 106 1,009 230 87 866 2,251 64 477 514 $8,702 9,641 4,144 2,803 1,652 1,793 751 358 325 14 613 305 95 1,473 276 108 1,077 3,224 68 867 582 $20,712 22,708 11,134 7,696 4,217 4, 4,';0 1,779 949 964 49 1,498 705 234 3,255 728 257 2, .509 7,821 156 1,742 1,698 $12,010 iq09 13, 167 1904 6,990 4,893 iggg 2,665 1879 2,657 697 1,028 1859 691 1849 639 States, 1914. 33 882 476 164 3,086 614 295 1,912 4,449 107 1,318 1,062 35 885 Illinois 460 139 1,782 Massachusetts.. 452 149 1,432 New York- . 4,697 88 875 All other states i. 1,116 United States. 1914 16 16 17 10 5 387 639 816 367 30 439 799 931 240 199 2,286 2,959 3,004 2,147 139 183 246 294 163 20 1,119 2,176 2,911 932 187 1,731 3,130 3,8S9 1,499 232 612 1909 954 1904 978 States, WU. 567 All other states^ 45 ■ CANNING AND PEESEEVING, FISH. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, ion. California Delaware Florida Blinois Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mississippi New Jersey New York Oregon Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states ' 330 9,069 328 7,260 310 5,154 310 11,263 110 6,020 23 747 3 3 4 61 3 9 10 617 95 2,766 19 138 31 1,635 10 791 3 21 16 139 25 301 19 211 48 1,715 10 33 11 82 10,966 6,969 4,877 4,224 1,175 130 155 3,466 229 431 269 2 126 1,016 330 3,665 127 185 28,464 3,679 19,467 31,111 18,796 3,091 16,911 25,514 9,677 2,292 12, 339 18,641 16,251 2,965 11,573 18, 178 3,187 1,128 4,711 6,972 2,118 325 1,354 2,746 5 1 7 10 45 19 26 57 7 5 24 38 328 84 307 657 4,712 964 6,320 7,656 132 23 47 98 4,006 659 4,062 6,798 489 174 699 1,315 43 14 162 196 602 80 1,150 1,411 3,851 172 1,876 2,930 340 48 167 251 11,626 1,073 4,109 7,634 134 22 43 108 128 26 126 206 Uncludes: Arkansas, 5 establishments; Colorado,!; Kansas,l; Kentucky,4; Michigan, 2; Minnesota,3; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee, 2; Washington, 3; West Virginia, 2; Wiscon- sin, 2. 2 Includes: California,! establishment; Massachusetts,!; Montana,!; New Jersey, 2. 'Includes: District of Columbia, 1 establishment; Georgia, 2; Michigan, 3; North Carolina, 1; Ohio,!; Pennsylvania, 2; South Carolina, !. 588 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJEES : 1&14. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES; COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR W14— Continued. YEAR AITO STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners ostab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- ' power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. CANNING AND PRESERVING, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Ulinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South "Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin..' Another states i 3,153 60,325 2,789 40,492 2,261 39,988 1,813 37, 189 886 49,762 411 31, 905 97 6,869 4 63 20 454 205 11,029 15 678 94 1,800 3 24 10 113 6 70 51 1,359 119 3,198 47 904 24 244 70 1,017 423 8,354 4 16 49 1,687 22 317 5 82 142 780 14 209 4 24 62 2,686 864 6,439 21 80 96 1,654 3 15 37 417 35 628 4 25 62 381 12 99 31 634 6 95 412 1,793 18 367 26 178 81 2,521 14 135 88,303 59,960 44,499 26,906 16,210 742 687 8,341 1,320 2,993 33 216 131 4,061 5,663 3,876 414 2,522 10,256 60 3,712 947 236 965 1,247 66 2,944 14, 575 139 4,979 51 667 1,234 40 738 285 1,805 296 3,469 387 382 8,462 315 898,738 S17,306 67,313 11,772 47,629 10, 429 27,796 8,251 15,315 4,651 8,247 2,680 2,336 772 8 2 298 116 23,005 4,714 1,622 228 2,505 459 9 2 90 18 74 17 4,230 565 4,778 993 3,423 298 261 42 1,950 271 10,370 2,321 28 3 2,692 683 650 76 72 16 457 100 394 63 48 9 8,974 1,028 13,319 2, 655 113 13 4,234 677 S 3 737 132 1,052 133 18 3 297 62 411 37 2,082 279 298 33 1,507 268 668 144 139 28 7,972 989 245 40 S103, 293 $149, 176 62,544 91,439 61,582 78, 142 37,383 66,427 18,665 29,862 12,051 17,600 3,095 5,426 8 14 347 679 41,904 54,425 867 1,412 2,245 3,164 4 8 89 134 69 126 3,047 4,558 6,869 8,376 1,240 2,077 149 239. 1,907 2,825 12,603 17,500 13 21 2,640 4,422 322 527 40 74 403 610 189 337 36 69 6,553 11,367' 8,671 14,858 101 195 3,126 4,730 4 11 1,068 1,,552 760 1,120 7 14 361 496 232 618 1,508 2,202 228 402 1,280 1,774 815 1,120 134 185 4,330 6,899 146 236 CANNING AND PRESERVING, OYSTERS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, 1914. Ca]ifornia Florida Georgia Maine Maryland Oregon South Carolina Washington All other states ^ 65 2,087 70 2,666 69 3,291 23 1,335 16 3,453 3 84 4 101 3 247 16 119 3 64 5 29 12 439 8 176 11 838 1,895 1,423 1,232 922 838 113 101 163 141 43 20 347 336 631 2,077 424 3,647 474 2,600 648 442 250 1,107 643 7.56 36 149 34 6(1 28 70 33 29 13 21 8 199 72 315 42 478 158 1,225 1,571 2,691 837 2,089 115 195 45 118 35 27 191 100 401 2,238 2,814 3,986 1,253 3,261 173 322 104 175 46 42 331 243 802 'Includes: Connecticut, ostablfehments; Kansas, 2; Louisiana, 2; New Mexico 1- North Dakota 1' South Dalcota, 2. • • • i =* includes: Louisiana, 4 establishments; Mississippi, 2: North Carolina, 3; Virginia. 2. GENEEAL TABLES. 589 TABLE 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products, Expressed in thousands. CAED CUTTING AND DESIGNING. UniUd States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 191/,. Illinois Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states ' — 517 525 696 325 180 64 377 184 123 5 36 162 145 46 449 269 222 219 15 117 68 12 11 82 258 1706 $265 6S4 238 4KK 261 338 135 90 77 14 18 36,1 156 135 56 133 57 16 2 74 21 183 81 2S3 86 47 18 .S421 374 478 313 88 16 422 116 37 6 41 123 123 91 Jl,055 1,031 1,083 618 243 52 754 167 16 100 315 318 139 CARDBOARD, NOT MADE IN PAPER MILLS. United States. 1914 18 12 4 5 5 8 3 3 6 6 1,159 925 586 626 206 345 73 60 543 483 2,7.35 1,540 1,033 825 338 5,129 2,998 1,651 1,168 617 443 167 142 2,046 2,775 580 414 234 264 105 116 41 30 236 273 2,962 2,668- 927 706 702 638 106 66 979 1,811 4,350 3,779 1,564 1,270 1,071 959 215 135 1,512 2,488 1,388 1909 1,111 1904 637 1899 564 1889 369 1879 321 States, 19U. 135 133 780 1,687 109 New York 69 533 All other states K 677 CARPETS AND RUGS, OTHER THAN RAG. United States. 1914 . . 97 139 139 133 173 195 215 213 116 12 14 63 8 31,309 33,307 33,221 28,411 28,736 20,371 12,098 6,681 6,186 5,319 12,540 9,669 3,881 43,963 38,553 33,945 26,740 22,684 10,491 3,719 8.5,154 75,627 66,781 44,449 38,209 21,469 ■12,541 4,722 3,853 13,841 31,651 28,379 11,283 14,716 15,536 13,724 11, 121 11,122 6,835 4,682 1,546 1,247 2,389 5,667 4,798 1,862 42,280 39,563 37,948 27,229 28,645 18,985 13,578 4,418 3,076 6,668 15,778 14,466 5,368 69,128 71,188 61,586 48, 192 47,770 31,793 21,762 7,858 5,403 10,981 26,076 23,100 8,971 26,848 1909 81,625 1904.. . 23,63S 1899 20,963 1889 19,125 1879 12,808 1869. 8,184 1859 3,44C 1849 2,327 States, 19U. Massachusetts 10,600 16,097 13,586 3,680 4,313 NewYork 10,29S Pemisylvania 8,634 All other states 3- . 3,003 ' Includes: Georgia, 1 establishment; Iowa, 1; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 1; Rhode Island, 2. Unoludes: California, 1 establishment; Indiana, 2; Massachusetts, 1; New Jersey, 1; Rhode Island, 1. ' Includes: Connecticut, 3 establishments; Indiana, 1; New Jersey, 4. 590 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber.) Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products, Expressed in thousands. CAEPETS, EAG. United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. California Colorado Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio :. Oklahoma Pennsylvania Rhode Island Washington Wisconsin All other states i 463 2,130 428 1,982 363 1,736 805 1,318 854 982 396 724 474 ■ 1,016 29 100 5 18 6 14 57 247 20 56 24 79 13 43 3 78 21 106 19 54 13 46 10 21 7 16 23 124 45 202 39 141 3 1 75 478 3 25 9 24 16 86 23 171 2,722 2,651 1,667 699 62 84 101 96 22 290 101 103 86 21 174 78 93 48 20 127 250 325 18 402 35 18 74 240 $1,654 $995 1,546 860 1,100 675 867 443 975 310 253 191 311 141 87 58 17 10 9 7 159 140 41 21 59 41 27 25 8 10 56 61 59 30 60 22 25 9 19 10 88 53 157 91 112 56 1 483 176 17 14 11 13 45 72 124 86 $722 622 726 425 499 23 7 4 24 10 7 3 3 56 46 30 1 327 4 5 14 42 $2,786 2,568 1,918 1,756 1,714 862 1,005 124 31 27 359 62 104 61 28 137 69 57 26 23 160 263 153 3 735 36 33 87 213 CAEKIAGE AND WAGON MATERIALS. United Slates. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879. 1869. 1859- Stales, ISIJ,. Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts.. Michigan Miimesota Mississippi Missom-i 456 11,087 622 17, 388 632 17, 160 588 15, 387 539 9,996 412 44 7,502 453 8 25 7 34 17 330 11 45 5 72 6 114 24 686 40 1,366 15 185 4 49 23 680 3 68 6 26 4 91 14 175 14 184 6 16 8 96 26 550 38,215 47,247 43,135 32, 016 16. 873 126 310 2,141 99 265 200 1,956 5,684 546 125 2,030 521 121 375 390 594 25 651 2,098 26,845 6,059 32,243 7,974 26,024 7,484 19,086 5,987 13, 028 4,366 7,035 2,733 326 144 10 8 63 14 585 136 64 40 226 40 173 42 1,659 360 3,380 734 691 102 69 25 1,078 295 93 30 95 17 224 50 949 119 291 90 39 11 128 41 1,248 268 13,646 24,860 18,061 34,526 16,313 30,536 13,049 25,027 7,388 16,262 4,781 10,114 215 591 13 30 56 90 452 772 42 113 78 171 158 254 804 1,419 1,840 3,248 338 544 93 138 675 1,089 59 82 39 84 96 187 297 496 172 324 20 42 133 218 540 1,137 ' Includes: Delaware, 2 establishments; District of Columbia, 1; Kentucky, 4; Maryland, 3; Montana, 2; New Hampshire, 2; Oregon, 2; South Dakota, 2; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 2; Vermont, 1; West Virginia, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 591 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAH AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. CAEEIAGE AND WAGON MATEEIALS — Continued. states, /94— Continued. Nebraska New Hampsliire New Jersey New Yorl? North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Virginia Wisconsin All other states ' 6 6 4 112 9 122 29 444 6 85 64 2,572 S4 2,176 27 657 3 24 6 180 6 90 10 75 12 696 293 1,279 366 7,759 5,029 3,099 28 600 458 566 $18 13 347 58 327 69 1,554 284 171 42 6,529 1,505 4,765 1,199 1,363 296 63 20 350 67 216 56 287 46 S13 87 131 604 110 3,711 1,975 679 21 178 152 94 322 167 266 1,142 176 6,488 4,084 1,282 70 285 271 189 CARRIAGES ANP SLEDS, CHILDREN'S. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879... 1869 States, 1914. Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other States ^ 92 5,900 84 5,300 78 4,003 77 2,726 87 2,726 67 1,310 53 913 8 241 5 517 8 1,175 8 462 6 141 30 458 7 1,267 9 463 4 454 7 722 5,652 5,281 3,633 2,462 2,042 757 195 472 1,130 598 56 576 1,049 356 392 828 9,38Cf 3,181 6,883 2.217 4,336 1,783 2,907 1,090 3,158 1,155 770 463 747 407 409 149 1,574 277 1,595 660 1,019 224 91 56 647 265 1,828 762 836 236 519 191 862 361 5,682 4,129 2,840 1,996 1,901 868 495 589 1,460 443 64 403 1,121 464 309 592 11,752 8,805 6,371 4,290 4,094 1,678 1,433 532 1,239 2,644 970 151 937 2,426 976 648 1,229 CARRIAGES, WAGONS, AND REPAIRS. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1859. 1849. Slates, WI4. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut. Delaware Florida , 4,601 41,304 4,870 62,540 4,956 60,722 6,204 58,425 4,572 56,525 3,841 46,394 11,847 54,928 7,222 37 102 14|040 351 56 29 204 144 492 16 149 79 380 28 118 46 169 74,334 78, 785 63,024 51,755 32,585 10,813 741 697 1,050 168 680 181 203 150, 798 26,498 143, 231 29,621 126,321 30, 878 109,876 27,678 93,455 28,972 37, 973 18, 989 36,563 21, 273 18,724 13,418 4,974 4,269 644 219 1,005 121 1,187 417 225 109 820 271 307 67 353 115 52, 173 63,890 61,215 53,724 46,023 30, 597 22, 787 11,898 3,966 248 205 455 56 333 106,697 54,524 125,367 61,477 125,333 64, US 113,235 59,511 102, 680 56,65; 64, 952 34,355 65,363 42,57e 35, 553 23,665 11,074 7,118 617 369 414 20s 1,271 816 237 18] 824 491 197 12< 305 210 1 Includes: New Mexico, 1 e.stablishment; Oklahoma, 3; Oregon, 3; Utah, 1; West Virginia, 2. 2 Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Maine, 1; Maryland, 3; Mmnesota, 2. 592 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAB AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products, Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. CARKIAGES, "WAGONS, AND REPAIRS— Continued. states, 1914 — Continued Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklalioma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states' 59 841 1,365 272 4, 275 10,330 153 5,941 9,673 78 809 1,674 37 141 210 107 1,317 3,718 28 267 324 123 317 695 120 632 870 161 1,173 1,563 163 1,253 2,145 123 838 1,979 15 114 423 197 2,010 2,430 5 20 26 11 103 268 31 186 589 255 1,046 1,239 575 9,467 7,251 131 1,377 1,810 5 15 25 277 3,425 5,622 13 45 81 18 49 95 633 4,194 6,877 47 271 487 18 209 313 8 41 m 81 714 1,122 29 181 418 11 71 51 31 60 349 113 1,006 1,629 27 150 289 51 240 601 179 2,548 5,044 5 6 7 29 33 $2,457 S423 24, 925 3, 045 36,980 3,662 4,000 533 379 93 4,812 703 412 148 712 188 1,031 362 2,091 663 3,993 892 2,870 556 393 60 5,275 1,367 76 23 437 80 418 108 2,090 747 9,310 2,426 4,088 602 51 12 11,200 2,334 65 32 64 43 8,729 2,581 445 180 566 110 98 27 1,881 378 506 120 129 52 157 36 3,084 618 548 147 416 139 11,484 1,771 16 5 69 23 ]tl,206 7,565 8,885 1,565 123 1,979 179 364 470 843 1,756 1,010 91 3,292 17 86 106 877 2,972 1,667 10 4,860 24 43 3,467 181 273 22 618 135 30 44 1,361 266 196 4,107 5 28 $2,100 13, 773 18, 321 2,893 318 3,558 427 767 1,198 2,325 3,451 2,163 262 5,714 66 244 271 2,301 7,618 2,957 32 9,704 86 153 8,177 509 500 87 1,395 419 121 , 118 2,464 624 474 7,274 16 , 63 1,328 195 1,579 248 403 728 1,482 1,695 1, 153 171 2,422 39 158 165 1,424 4,646 1,290 22 4,854 61 110 4,710 328 227 65 777 284 91 74 1,103 258 278 3,167 11 35 CABS AND GENEEAI. SHOP CONSTRUCTION AND KEPAIES BY ELECTKIC-KAILKOAD COMPANIES. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. States, ion. Alabama Arizona Arkansas . . . . California . . . Colorado Connecticut. Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentuckj'... Louisiana . . . 649 26,384 641 22,418 86 11,052 108 7,026 78 2,009 7 201 3 15 8 67 27 2,088 7 265 21 336 4 77 8 219 43 1,813 32 753 12 298 15 86 8 218 6 387 44,989 35, 794 3,154 6,413 1,858 326 25 113 3,981 179 503 193 203 1,845 398 490 1,272 471 261 63, 614 18,645 38,899 14,486 12, 906 7,013 10,782 4,405 2,361 1,411 331 85 49 14 232 51 2,937 1,609 845 152 1,726 248 363 60 653 81 6,942 1,387 1,219 482 1,229 218 175 73 471 131 190 276 17,610 16, 168 8,463 4,337 1,155 78 12 4S 1,.522 117 252 36 97 1,.527 311 153 61 181 138 38,577 31,963 13, 437 9,371 2,966 180 26 109 3,284 272 631 96 215 3,181 876 400 139 329 444 20,967 16, 795 7,974 6,034 1,811 104 14 61 1,762 155 279 60 118 1,654 665 247 88 148 306 ' Includes: District of Columbia, 2 establishments; New Mexico, 5. GENERAL TABLES. 593 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIKS: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials, Value of products. Expressed in thousands. Value added by manu- facture. CARS AND GENERAL SHOP CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS BY ELECTRIC-RAILROAD COMPANIES— Continued. States, 1914— Co-ntinucd. Maine Maryland Massachusetts - Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Oklahoma Oregon. Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washin^on West Virginia Wisconsin. . , All other states ^ 11 176 s 589 39 1,706 18 885 g 435 9 43 8 1,168 S 36 B 58 17 1,228 61 4,921 . 48 1,879 7 58 4 225 92 2,972 5 73 6 321 19 583 4 166 8 21 11 317 13 382 9 152 16 401 20 769 97 66 235 413 1,266 56 812 86 47 3,853 10,684 3,687 125 737 4,782 91 441 2,354 554 10 458 1,223 89 2,110 553 $396 $105 946 366 2,861 1,373 1,734 629 1,763 434 201 25 2,423 807 184 43 66 42 2,129 809 13,438 3,468 4,067 1,228 146 48 701 196 3,005 2,070 719 32 370 133 977 416 273 116 . 69 14 7,020 207 1,200 341 175 100 1,147 270 1,252 526 233 1,204 632 367 25 834 64 50 749 4,066 1,077 43 305 1,143 39 148 268 41 22 156 259 68 376 822 $224 653 2,566 1,326 863 69 1,710 113 96 1,614 8,204 2,386 98 536 3,421 81 301 736 175 36 426 633 183 CARS AND GENERAL SHOP CONSTBTJCTION AND REPAIRS BY STEAM-RAILROAD COMPANIES. United States. 1914. ,19*. 1904. States, 19U. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kontuclty Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. . Michigan , Minnesoca , Mi.5sissippi Missouri Montana Nebraslca I^evada New Jersey 1,362 339,618 1,145 282, 174 1,140 236,870 1,292 173,595 716 106,632 22 7,908 7 1,377 19 3,634 39 11,563 25 4,349 3 2,059 13 2,311 34 6,943 7 977 94 28,682 49 14,398 36 8,024 37 8,865 23 8,485 26 2,697 13 1,344 20 5,969 15 6,264 26 5,803 38 10, 651 15 3,278 39 9,721 16 3.611 18 4,111 9 1,468 30 6,835 433,994 293, 361 167, 973 95,087 44, 617 7,861 2,401 3,182 16,262 7,171 2,820 2,234 14,327 3,901 36, 781 18,021 9,337 9,984 8,176 2,365 1,377 6,056 8,287 8,696 15, 678 3,350 9,031 6,376 7,895 2,737 11,203 354, 092 238,317 146,836 119,473 76, 192 5,731 1,347 2,113 5,627 5,856 1,815 1,478 4,636 2,266 34, 677 11, 100 11,098 13,947 7,081 2,186 2,066 4,410 9,136 4,961 18,694 2,016 11, 269 6,034 7,335 890 7,393 234,605 181,344 142, 153 96, 007 60,213 5,189 1,187 2,450 9,616 3,711 1,524 1,398 4,341 988 20,433 10, 113 6,988 6,874 5,651 1,736 988 3,966 4,394 3,905 7,644 2,028 6,839 3,009 3,511 1,230 4,910 243,829 199,413 151,105 109,472 66, 662 6,842 922 2,139 7,005 2,582 1,764 980 4,120 880 13,318 9,382 4,734 6,297 7,269 1,077 1,006 8,380 4,197 3,264 6,327 1,493 5,372 2.542 2,863 932 4,652 514,041 405,601 309, 775 218, 114 129,462 12, 622 2,295 4,971 17, 200 6,822 3,661 2, 690 8,970 2,034 41,496 20,586 11,434 12, 889 13,344 3,042 2,076 13,229 8,830 7,669 14, 694 3,682 12, 847 5,834 6,737 2,261 10,345 'Includes: Delaware, 2 establishments; District of Columbia, 3; Idaho, 1; Nebraslta, 4; North Carolina, 3; North Dakota, 2; Rhode Island, 2; South Dakota, 2;-ar-yomingy.l. fiTfl."?! ° — 17 as 594 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTXJEES : 1&14. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOB 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE, Njirn- Wage berof earners estab- (average lish- niiTTi- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by facture. Expressed in thousands. CARS AND GENERAL SHOP CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS BY STEAM-RAILROAD COMPANIES — Continued. States, 1914 — Continued New Mexico New York Is orth Carolina North. Dakota Obio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina South Dakota , Tennessee Texas Utah , Vermont , Virginia Washington "West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming , All other states ' 15 1,922 107 20,234 16 2,808 7 871 8S 21,639 13 1,718 14 1,601 163 54,729 9 1,431 6 679 17 7,201 63 10, 915 8 2,193 6 1,345 32 10, 375 26 4,543 37 8,437 35 9,011 12 1,722 16 5,019 2,276 30,826 1,941 718 31,389 954 1,370 77,886 842 765 6,323 13,205 3,099 1,488 6,980 7,160 5,060 7,283 2.924 8,099 $2,119 $1,536 21,327 14,367 2,299 1,674 1,879 746 16,912 9,471 1,623 1,155 1,349 1,343 53,098 38,863 1,528 928 328 462 6,028 4,622 28,465 7,826 2,558 1,943 710 727 6,268 6,607 7,176 3,541 3,788 5,540 6,722 6,718 2,842 1,298 3,036 3,628 $1,382 14,334 2,839 412 16,054 956 1,019 49,157 949 659 4,586 5,978 1,606 577 10,762 3,0S0 4,985 4,540 1,001 3,324 S3, 139 30,893 6,048 1,235 33,286 2,270 2,584 93,608 2,064 1,178 9,688 15,276 3,576 1,356 18,216 7,027 10,990 10,921 2,469 7,469 CARS, ELECTRIC-RAILROAD, NOT INCLUDING OPERATIONS OF RAILROAD COMPANIES. United states. 1914 1909 1«04 1899 1889 States, 1914. Ohio All otlier states 2 14 3,840 14 3,583 14 4,730 20 3,585 17 1,785 4 916 10 2,924 10,014 16, 161 7,064 4,865 1,326 4,213 5,801 14,752 2,467 14, 168 2,177 12, 976 2,840 7,615 1,951 2,468 1,091 3,017 612 11,735 1,855 6,350 4,260 6,341 3,967 1,699 2,289 4,061 10,495 7,810 10,844 7,306 3,302 3,594 6,901 OARS, STEAM-RAILROAD, NOT INCLUDING OPERATIONS OP RAILROAD COMPANIES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, IDli. Dela,vare Illinois Indiana New York Ohio Pennsylvania AH other stales ' 103 64,288 110 43,086 73 34,058 65 33,463 71 31,364 3 2,110 23 18,000 10 6,800 4 2,595 5 2,885 12 9,966 46 12,943 26,687 167,811 97,797 139, 806 55, 994 88, 179 33,396 88,324 27,304 43,641 3,833 3,651 37,622 40,309 13, 171 26,291 4,784 6,717 6,420 7,080 26,462 32, 446 34,395 41,317 41, 394 27, 135 20,248 16,987 16,077 1,604 16,686 3,981 2,072 2,434 6,635 9,082 132, 200 78, 763 75, 657 61,743 44,674 2,783 40,429 13, 711 6,372 8,568 29,377 30,970 194, 776 123, 730 111,175 90,510 70,084 4,944 61,316 21,570 9,067 11, 796 39,831 46,252 'Includes: Connecticut, 8 establishments; District of Columbia, 2; New iramp.shire, 4; Rhode Island 2. 2 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Colorado, 1; Illinois, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Missouri 2- New York, 1; North Carolina, 1; Pennsylvania, 2. ' ' ^Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; California, 5; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 2; Kansas, 2- Kentucky 2' Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 3; Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 1; Mississippi, 1; Missouri, 9 Nebraska 2' New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 2; Oklahoma, 1; Tennessee, 2; Texas, 1; Virginia. 1; Washineton 2- West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. = > ' e. > , GENERAL TABLES. 595 Table 223.— SXJMMAEY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES, FOR 1914— Continued. YEAH AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners Primary estab- (average horse- lish- num- power. ments. ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. CASH EEGISTEES AND CALCULATING MACHINES. United states. 1914 19(19 1904 1899 1889 States, 1914. Illinois All other states • 62 8,956 50 7,465 32 4,079 18 2,067 12 788 10 514 42 8,442 20,319 6,944 4,139 1,340 173 587 19,732 $41,075 $6,110 27,224 5,312 7,688 2,442 5,242 1,260 367 450 2,152 360 38,923 6,760 $3,992 3,552 1,516 921 265 100 3,892 $30,620 23,708 9,876 5,675 1,423 1,368 29, 152 $26,528 20,156 8,359 4,754 1,168 1,268 26,260 United States. 1914 1909 1904 1869 1869 1849 States, 1914. Alabama California Illinois Indiana Kansas .< Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Texas Utah Washington All other states ^ 133 27,916 136 26,775 129 17,478 45 1,632 14 35 740 407 4 432 7 2,420 6 1,467 7 2,354 9 1,002 11 1,340 4 1,012 12 2,283 7 849 26 7,910 4 533 3 267 5 620 28 6,377 490,402 371,799 149,604 2,090 7,243 46,660 23,986 43,048 22, 037 24,158 16,935 33,363 6,976 132, 894 18, 160 7,241 18,237 89,585 243,485 18,192 187,398 15,320 85,759 8,814 1,522 632 759 206 392 118 8,185 170 32,280 1,759 8,188 1,184 10,064 1,355 7,952 673 7,371 975 11,787 618 21,895 1,610 3,971 521 60,948 4,428 7,794 371 3,741 277 9,380 495 49,929 3,766 51,987 29,344 12,215 773 263 368 3,381 2,859 4,993 1,399 2,408 2,502 3,507 890 15,827 1,264 471 1,512 10,606 101, 756 63,206 29, 873 2,034 767 509 790 7,699 6,468 10, 107 3,162 4,529 4,309 6,840 2,112 29.081 2,331 1,233 2,639 20,466 49,769 33, 861 17, 668 1,261 504 271 422 4,318 3.609 6,114 1,763 2,121 1,807 3,333 1,222 13,254 1,067 762 1,127 «,860 CHARCOAL, NOT INCLDDING PSODUCTION IN THE LUMBEB AND "WOOD DISTILLATION INDTJSTKIES.' United States. 1914 47 76 74 183 175 9 4 7 7 3 17 228 631 923 1,786 . 1,401 65 21 61 14 10 57 134 165 355 164 494 641 717 811 457 44 72 307 12 1 58 81 253 343 431 391 16 10 28 2 2 23 233 448 642 405 321 25 53 114 9 1 31 402 872 1,292 1,134 976 51 75 179 17 4 76 169 1909 424 1904 850 1899 729 1879 655 States, 19li. 26 Illinois 50 22 Missouri... 65 Ohio 8 Tennessee.. 3 All other states '- 84 45 ' Includes: California, 3 establishments; Connecticut, 4; Indiana, 1; Massaehusetss, 3; Michigan, 6; Mis- souri, 3; New Jersey, 3; New York, 5; Ohio, 9; Pennsylvania, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Wisconsin, 1. * Included under the classification of " lime and cement " in 1879, 1889, and 1899. ' Includes: Colorado, 2 establishments; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 4; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 3; Minnesota, 2; Missouri, 5; Montana, 1; Oklahoma, 2; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 2; Virginia, 2; West Virginia, 1. ' In 1889 included with "timber products, not manufactured at mill." 'Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; Delaware, 2; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 1; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Micliigan, 2; Minnesota, 1; New Jersey, 2; New Mexico, 1; Oregon, 2; Wisconsin, 1. 596 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMABY POE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. - YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cast of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. United States I9U 1909 1904 States, 1914. Illinois Iowa Michigan Minnesota New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont Wisconsin All other states i 3,0S2 2,908 3,560 2,704 3,610 2,652 47 85 13 11 75 146 34 32 821 909 129 97 41 60 83 84 3 2 27 23 1,739 1,330 70 139 19, 219 11,638 10,366 469 76 833 351 4,555 634 132 769 3 106 10,889 502 $11, 139 $2, 066 9,029 1.670 6,232 1,494 243 62 44 6 481 88 114 26 3,475 651 231 68 141 46 441 51 4 1 76 14 5,411 1,052 478 101 $46,759 39,022 25,257 782 99 1,813 408 13,718 1,045 826 1,232 15 356 25,649 816 $51,745 44,263 29,138 884 123 2,031 452 15, 134 1,175 907 1,497 22 398 28,076 1,046 United States. 1914 1909 2. 19042 18992. : States, 191/,. California Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington West Vn-ginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 395 32,311 359 23,729 297 19,847 316 20 15, 163 257 26 1,682 24 1,395 36 4,609 22 842 64 6,276 70 7,780 29 2,017 39 4,748 4 32 3 52 7 60 61 2,661 282,385 208,657 132, 394 1,521 8,690 6,405 46,944 1,764 18, 663 131,928 18, 761 16,670 89 160 362 32, 748 224, 346 22,066 156, 199 14,096 96,765 10, 814 68,463 7,390 2,922 184 8,843 1,164 9,167 965 26,463 3,405 6,319 498 37,581 4,124 67,615 5,380 13,848 1,460 29,527 2,928 468 25 1,277 33 374 36 20,052 1,874 89, 451 64,146 42, 098 27,093 933 5,360 3,356^ 6,373 4,164 17, 064 26,262 6,726 12,615 269 201 230 6,929 168, 054 117,741 75, 357 48, 169 1,624 8,618 6,685 13, 891 6,936 31,687 42, 877 11, 388 22,388 374 483 436 10,767 ClUNA DECORATING, NOT INCLUDING THAT DONE IN POTTERIE.S. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1S99 1889 States, toy,. California Illinois New Jersey , New York Ohio All other states ' 51 295 40 328 28 225 49 298 78 363 3 6 11 46 6 92 16 109 6 12 11 30 463 169 669 191 261 99 269 122 600 163 2 4 116 36 117 41 146 69 26 6 67 13 1 Includes: Arizona, 2 establishments; California, 25; Colorado, 3; Connecticut, 2; Delaware, 1; Idaho 4; Indiana, 3; Kansas, 1; Maine, 1; Missouri, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 3- New Jersey' 1; Utah, 12; Virginia, 1; Washington, 7; Wyoming, 1. 2 Includes "calcirmi lights." 2 Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Colorado, 3; Connecticut, 2; District of Columbia, 1- Georgia, 3; Indiana, 6; Iowa, 2; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 2; Maine, 2; Maryland, 3; Mirmesota 2- Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; Nevada, 1; Rhode Island, 3; South Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 6; Texas, 3- VirKinia 3- Wvom- ing, 1. • ■ b , , 1 • Includes: Colorado, 1 estab]ishmeMKM;aiylam4,,l?Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 2- Missouri 1- Pennsyl- vania, 4; Washington, 1. :tOu.;m : -:::jl: ' ' ' GENEEAL TABLES. 597 TABLE 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES; COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. ' TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage V ■ ber of earners Primary estab- (average horse- lish- num- power. ments. ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. CHOCOLATE AND COCOA PttODUCTS, NOT INCLUDING CONFECTIONERY. United Stoies. 1914 1909 1984 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 19H. Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states' 36 4,160 27 2,826 25 2,090 24 1,314 11 893 7 223 9 199 5 943 6 322 13 810 7 1,756 5 329 19, 736 10, 593 5,217 2,766 1,432 600 4,403 1,342 4,482 7,607 1,902 $23, 685 $2,036 13,685 1,269 8,379 822 6,891 626 2,630 456 531 82 377 79 6,866 592 1,364 148 4,729 380 8,495 739 2,241 177 $24, 483 15,523 9,72:j 6, 877 2,892 812 665 7,303 1,579 5,368 7,546 2,687 $35, 713 22,390 14, 390 9,666 4,222 1,302 946 10,210 2,162 7,412 12,342 3,687 CLEANSING AND POLISHING PREPARATIONS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 Sidles, 1914. California Colorado Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Massachusetts Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states ' 398 300 166 154 56 21 21 1,239 979 664 608 301 209 26 5 100 52 17 2 66 14 42 1 10 65 227 84 113 1 10 103 301 2,656 1,743 803 643 431 118 28 8 102 101 71 93 8 89 20 14 112 220 214 295 2 32 217 930 5,898 619 3,102 478 1,405 242 943 209 304 102 412 91 371 37 105 16 11 4 363 67 173 16 88 11 7 1 295 39 8 6 437 20 1 1 40 3 248 38 1,200 102 268 38 440 49 2 1 125 6 1 436 69 1,690 143 3,896 2,699 1,286 965 382 237 215 95 8 357 158 63 5 327 33 102 1 42 198 563 260 308 2 12 1 305 1,065 9,152 6,260 2,710 2,193 866 600 323 232 24 663 352 l.38r- -8 642 54 295 6 103 423 1,494 619 650 6 38 5 703 2,697 United States. 1914., 1909., 1904., 1879. 1859. 1849., 48 6,754 52 7,961 38 7,249 46 6,037 27 3,491 22 3,940 26 1,330 22 975 23 800 13,564 3,653 13, 707 4,142 9,703 3,514 8,793 2,651 6,727 1,808 2,475 1,623 883 805 576 391 600 279 3,693 3,078 3,029 1,458 1,908 818 475 457 11, 032 12, 236 8,868 7,158 4,229 4,110 2,510 1,188 1,182 ' Includes: California, 3 establishments; Connecticut, 1; Wisconsin, 1. Jinclndas: Alabama, 1 establishment; Conneoticut,i],^;,Ba«K!daJl;;J(aeorgia, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 10; Oregon, 1; Tennessee, 3; Utah, 1; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 1. 598 CEKSirS OF MANUPACTTJBES : 1914. Table 223 SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials Value of products. Expressed in thousands. CLOCKS — continued. States, Wllf. Connecticut Massachusetts New York All other states ^ . - . 3,763 143 1,473 1,385 3,328 139 1,476 1,068 $6, 761 $1,990 615 117 4,335 807 1,853 739 $1,695 67 1,118 1,128 $4,524 277 3,310 2,921 CLOTH, SPONGING AND EEFINISHING. United States. 1914 1909 19M 1899 1889 1879 States, 19H. lUinois Maryland Massachusetts New York Ohio All other states " 51 901 57 976 55 796 46 634 23 354 20 176 7 123 3 39 4 66, 23 467 7 51 7 165 764 704 322 109 35 231 34 272 31 161 625 658 629 651 401 604 289 268 229 201 137 63 28 86 81 25 25 36 317 368 2:1 37 151 106 133 86 39 17 34 72 i,.'ai 1,544 1,053 566 400 160 70 64 874 84 279 CLOTHING, HOKSE. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 , States, 19U. Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states ^ United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1879. 1869. 1849. 37 1,669 33 1,648 29 1,063 26 576 31 881 3 566 3 194 7 60 10 268 6 557 11 610 1,903 1,454 656 -271 105 182 31 174 435 1,081 4,482 668 3,279 492 1,499 342 654 177 1,029 239 410 137 406 100 220 30 602 99 1,616 227 1,638 212 CLOTHING, MEN'S. 4,830 5,684 4,-504 5,729 4,867 6,166 7,858 4,014 4,278 173,747 191,183 137, 190 120,927 144,926 160, 813 108, 128 114,800 96,551 35, 664 30, 069 21,106 13, 347 5,562 1,671 553 224, 050 86,828 230,703 89,646 153,178 57,226 120, 548 46, 497 128,254 51,076 79,862 45,940 60,223 30, 747 27, 246 19,856 12,509 15,032 423 167 687 1,135 1,157 230,032 252, 523 186, 793 146, 219 128,847 131, 363 86,795 44,150 25, 730 458,211 485,677 365, 797 276,717 251, 020 209, 648 148, 660 80,831 48,312 'Includes: Illinois 6 establishments; Indiana, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maryland 1- Michigan 2- Missouri 1- North Carolina, 1; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Texas, 1; Wisconsin 1 " ' ' ' ' 2 Includes: Michigan, 1 establishment; Pennsylvania, 6. ' 3 Includes: Iilinoi:i, 3 establishments; Maine, 1; Michigan, 2; New Jersey,!; Ohio 2- South Carolina 1- GENERAL TABLES. 599 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAB AUD STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. CLOTHING, MEN'S — continued. States, mif. Alabama Qililomia Cismecticut Delaware Georgia.... lOinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 6 229 71 2,037 20 391 3 50 17 1,187 578 34, 152 31 2,667 19 880 11 377 60 2,572 10 775 21 430 253 12,909 213 5,760 23 2,091 32 2,119 71 5,593 8 341 118 4,715 2,357 64,927 9 385 224 8,691 604 10,236 4 116 26 1,589 18 1,062 6 462 29 1,224 6 287 7 491 55 3,204 20 1,798 133 495 86 37 369 4,828 712 334 140 557 105 183 4,468 1,245 939 422 1,541 10,966 128 1,884 2,457 80 561 260 89 333 163 116 694 464 $184 S81 1,927 1,029 198 144 25 7 1,254 347 39,083 19, 579 2,684 1,177 983 300 1,036 122 3,069 988 725 197 321 174 17,364 5,614 7,198 3,075 3,086 929 2,365 845 7,251 2,223 381 121 2,471 1,794 88,449 35,070 338 109 13, 205 4,168 16,798 4,968 141 81 1,779 458 1,084 394 629 177 1,490 369 458 126 824 219 5,708 1,289 1,552 704 S261 2,552 252 2 1,536 40, 503 3,222 1,052 479 2,366 822 652 15, 017 9,033 2,769 3,124 7,713 535 2,682 94,592 374 11,992 14, 431 153 1,625 1,285 578 1,745 479 1,435 4,625 2,146 $413 4,729 484 42 2,371 87, 612 5,369 1,620 726 4,641 1,281 1,002 29,000 16, 218 4,735 4,739 13,484 787 5,954 197, 369 604 24,063 28, 033 215 2,873 2,086 952 2,674 721 2,173 7,986 3,355 CLOTHING, MEN'S, BUTTONHOLES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 -.... 1899 ■ 1889 States, 19H. Illinois Maryland Massachusetts New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 139 672 146 830 141 903 149 944 ■200 1,165 6 6 15 50 3 4 3 5 84 361 10 81 15 163 3 2 205 176 137 113 43 6 17 3 2 138 14 22 224 326 225 389 262 380 247 332 190 393 4 3 17 21 1 2 1 2 151 173 n 32 38 92 1 1 90 105 95 638 781 700 681 784 43 6 7 330 63 176 4 1 Includes: Arkansas, 2 establishments; Colorado, 3; District of Columbia, 2; Mississippi, 1; Nebraska, 3; Oklahoma, 3; Oregon, 1 ; Rhode Island, 2; South Dakota, 1 ; Utah, 2. * Includes: Missouri, 2 establishments; Wisconsin, 1. 600 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE TOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1911-Contiiiued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earnors estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. CLOTHING, WOMEN'S. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 .1869 1859.-.- States, 191/,. California Colorado Connecticut Georgia Illinois '... Indiana '. .. Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Texas Vermont Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 5,604 168,907 4,568 153, 743 3,351 115, 705 2,701 83,739 1,224 39, 149 662 26,192 11, 696 1,847 188 5,739 86 1,060 3 65 19 1,337 7 215 241 8,113 19 1,015 14 503 12 320 4 112 7 315 90 3, 026 202 6,076 32 1,672 8 94 74 2,355 4 197 183 5,423 3,835 108,393 170 9, 775 483 17,217 4 67 7 387 12 159 6 169 21 621 21 271 28, 396 22, 294 14,910 9,962 1,352 160 222 11 383 53 1,163 193 97 55 6 48 475 1,202 552 23 602 118 1,300 16, 623 1,719 3,108 20 203 35 «4 92 129 $153,649 J92, 674 129, 301 78,668 73,948 51, 180 48,432 32, 586 21, 260 15, 428 8,207 0,601 3,520 2,514 1,422 1,193 1,088 611 30 21 765 465 154 77 6,674 4,630 701 329 713 220 245 148 158 29 233 104 2,485 1,170 4,942 2,966 1,600 715 102 45 2,087 1,093 402 87 3,137 2,004 102, 521 64, 128 9,659 5,137 14,118 8,091 68 31 408 125 225 103 340 56 472 187 332 102 $262,345 208, 788 130, 720 84, 705 34, 277 19, 659 6,838 3,323 1,381 38 700 183 11,219 766 751 273 121 229 3,298 7,664 1,194 93 3,034 200 2,952 18:!, 680 12,090 20,342 88 353 207 599 551 341 $473, 888 384, 752 247, 662 159,340 68, 164 32, 005 12, 901 7,181 2,733 70 1,697 348 20, 751 1,454 1,220 663 209 472 6,015 13,983 2,661 209 6,617 379 6,768 345,316 22,882 37, 059 156 691 413 867 980 576 COFFEE AND SPICE, ROASTING AND GRINDING. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. States, 1914.. Alabama California Colorado Counectlcut District of Columbia . Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kan.sas Kentucliy Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota 696 8, 549 607 7,490 421 .6,969 8 34 43 464 9 79 7 26 5 29 19 45 6 30 34 1,193 12 111 M 282 6 42 17 92 17 302 14 169 21 466 16 88 11 313 26,634 22, 334 15, 703 97 1,332 278 127 01 171 63 3,162 419 967 118 361 685 494 1,312 205 50, 696 4,508 46, 042 3,670 38, 735 2,830 155 16 3,619 309 445 62 136 17 294 26 219 24 80 11 8, 159 570 941 66 1,752 147 144 19 641 46 1,667 115 1,043 XI 3,678 205 502 50 1,631 155 116, 620 83, 205 65, 847 192 7,469 930 354 304 465 114 17,094 1,461 2,966 291 1,241 2,700 3,174 0,312 1, 310 3,819 1,50, 749 110,633 84, 188 331 9, 684 1,168 436 428 097 169 22, 046 1,790 3,804 396 1,561 4,241 4,393 8,675 1,618 4,729 1 Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; Kansas, 1; Nebraska, 4; North Carolina 1- Rhode Island 5' South Carolina, 1; Tennos.sec, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, 0. ' ' ' ' GENERAL TABLES. 601 Table a23.-SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. COFFEE AND SPICE, K0A3T1NG AND GRINDING— Continued. States, i9I.(— Continued. Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Peimsylvania... Tennessee Texas Virginia. Washington West Virginia. . . Wisconsin All other states ■ 5 8 37 656 6 98 17 106 136 1,690 3.5 822 60 9 99 77 686 7 92 36 145 9 75 25 193 3 5 8 70 21 79 29 2,760 545 634 5,207 2,062 171 329 2,117 331 619 281 299 24 356 304 $27 S4 6,152 355 405 40 828 63 9,910 947 6,578 385 191 28 757 61 2,454 302 465 40 970 83 413 29 1,023 117 73 3 362 37 492 40 $75 10,949 1,045 3,225 25, 561 10, 184 618 1,532 5,009 1,200 2,553 918 1,502 60 009 1,288 $94 14, 299 1,282 3,461 31,675 13,312 757 2,050 6,967 1,648 3,326 1,137 2,237 71 809 1,590 COFFINS, BUEIAL CASES, AND UNDERTAKERS' GOODS. United States. 1914 1909 ■ 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 .' States, 19H. California Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee Utah Washington Wisconsin All other states 2 287 9,468 284 9,339 239 8,468 217 6,840 194 5,751 769 4,415 642 2,365 210 688 10 149 8 200 21 802 22 633 6 234 8 51 9 286 23 540 8 436 7 184 31 1,071 14 312 19 1,252 3 7 32 1,382 8 411 4 15 4 33 5 356 45 1,114 19,006 16, 490 13,178 8,927 5,604 542 683 1,359 1,254 414 190 549 1,077 792 269 2,031 1,239 2,268 27 2,066 961 81 116 685 2,697 29, 731 , 5, 382 25,843 4,633 18, 532 4,120 13,585 3,077 11,098 2,842 5,735 1,896 2,593 1,011 606 298 1,352 111 601 98 2,846 527 1,607 317 901 145 145 29 821 173 1,324 315 1,279 267 404 119 3,580 638 801 113 3,781 702 26 5 3,614 724 1,358 227 85 10 196 25. 997 201 4,013 636 13,257 26, 325 11,964 24, 526 9,501 20,266 6,945 13, 952 5,547 12,231 3,776 8, 158 1,412 4,027 313 1,025 389 616 206 494 1,307 2,705 738 1,539 386 720 46 112 369 789 648 1,355 586 1,038 250 487 2,149 3,714 344 691 1,294 2,966 14 37 2,005 3,672 538 1,146 28 52 84 164 415 905 1,461 3,123 1 Includes: Arkansas, 2 establishments; Delaware, 2; Idaho, 2; Maine, 1; Montana, 2; New Hampshire, 2; North Dakota, 2: Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 3; South Dakota, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont, 1. 2 Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Arkansas, 1; Colorado, 3; Connecticut, 4; Florida^2; Kansas^ 1; Kentucky, 3; Louisiana, 3; Maryland, 3; Minnesota, 6; Mississippi, 2; New Hampshii'e," 1; South Carolina, 2; Texas, 3; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 5; West Virginia, 1. khode Island, 602 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUBES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMAHY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials Value of products. Expressed in thousands. COKE, NOT raCLTJDING SAS-HOUSE COKE. United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. Alabama Illinois Kentucky Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Virginia West Virginia All other states ^ 231 21, 107 315 29,273 278 18, 981 241 16,999 218 8,998 126 3,140 25 628 21 198 4 14 18 2,209 3 1,178 5 472 5 489 108 9,871 5 170 11 852 54 1,392 22 4,474 120,327 62, 602 66, 669 34, 767 6,095 183 11, 728 13,064 3,366 2,325 36, 213 493 2,057 2,920 48,171 $161, 561 $14, 289 152,321 15, 464 90, 713 9,304 38, 603 7,086 17,463 4,073 4,770 1,198 1,202 289 62 61 4 3 14, 194 1,261 11, 206 942 2,208 269 . 2,944 352 68, 526 6,636 661 74 3,909 384 4,594 692 63,320 3,680 $69, 138 64,025 29,885 19, 666 11,510 2,995 616 74 6 7,363 6,828 820 1,607 29, 820 513 1,070 1,893 20,224 $99, 276 95, 697 61, 729 36,585 16, 498 6,369 1,132 190 15 10, 353 7,840 .1,266 2,157 42, 996 605 1,607 2,978 29,484 COLLARS AND CUFFS, MEN'S. United States. 1914 1909 1904.. 1899 States, 1914. New York Pennsylvania Allotherstates^ 36 10,100 47 12,421 44 10,786 57 17, 135 24 9,793 4 24 7 283 3,896 3,234 2,360 2,302 3,699 15 15,025 4,494 14,685 4,912 11,927 3,667 10,216 6,659 14,176 4,358 82 10 768 126 6,666 6,989 4,640 6,012 6,062 21 483 18,631 17,230 12, 587 15,769 17, 720 46 766 COMBS AND HAIRPINS, NOT MADE FROM METAL OR RUBBER. United states. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1869 1849 States, 1914. Massachusetts New York All other states" 66 2,773 81 4,566 42 1,806 34 1,399 31 742 38 1,026 37 676 66 930 151 1,788 34 1,944 21 493 11 336 2,711 4,175 1,263 817 768 1,844 466 401 2,959 1,393 5,070 2,166 1,112 758 833 572 742 365 633 375 430 221 722 305 634 494 1,768 968 826 266 366 169 2,853 3,976 1,330 962 344 342 233 614 843 2,074 653 226 5,478 8,376 2,769 1,976 1,021 951 689 1,315 1,616 3,727 1,227 524 1 Includes: Colorado, 3 establishments; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Mich- igan, 1; Minnesota,!; New Jersey, 1; New Mexico, 3; NewYork,2; Utah.l; Washington, 4 ; Wisconsin, 2. 2 Includes: Connecticut, 2 establishments; Massachusetts,!; Nebraska.!; Ohio, 2f Vermont 1. s Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Illinois, 3; Now Jersey, 3; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania' 2- Rhode Island, 1. i I .m. GENERA.L TABLES. 603 Table 323.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. CONDENSED MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN BUTTER AND CHEESE. United States. 1914 1909 1904 States, 19U. Illinois Indiana Maryland Michigan New Jersey. New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Vermont Wisconsin All other states • 190 6,002 136 4,164 81 3,376 34 ,1,178 6 63 3 28 19 452 4 48 44 1,536 14 284 6 124 17 512 3 118 17 781 24 878 20,015 11,588 6,956 2,738 644 135 1,791 383 5,202 702 287 1,761 267 2,576 3,639 $35,048 S3, 662 19,237 2,170 10,943 1,613 6,229 690 288 44 320 21 2,237 264 234 33 8,701 961 1,566 158 813 76 2,640 285 538 79 5,561 454 5,921 607 856, 720 26, 878 16,373 10, 492 750 265 4,984 611 12,449 2,505 1,097 4,410 1,178 8,763 8,316 $69,161 36,295 20,624 12,758 909 326 6,040 697 16,702 3,212 1,393 5,570 1,380 10, 707 10, 568 CONFECTIONEEY. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1879.. 1869.. 1859.. 1849., States, 1914. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia . , Florida Georgia Idaho Illmois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri., _ Montana Nebraska Now Hampshire . New Jersey New Mexico New York 2,391 53,668 1,944 44, 638 1,348 36,239 962 26,866 2,921 21,724 1,450 9,801 949 5,825 541 2,340 383 1,733 9 189 12 85 124 1,839 41 469 27 227 4 21 9 63 8 23 18 636 8 48 147 6,009 76 905 42 1,186 37 177 28 628 10 240 40 216 65 1,442 148 6,787 64 993 78 843 6 ■ 38 100 2,520 19 108 12 335 5 16 75 1,683 4 12 349 10, 768 55,823 35, 870 24,292 19,410 7,721 573 217 67 1,226 301 147 17 10 6 380 32 5,343 1,022 1,391 173 436 248 206 1,431 5,281 1,167 866 16 2,466 62 468 7 1,811 9 13,201 97,467 21,472 68,326 15,615 43,126 11,699 26,319 8,020 23,327 7,783 8,487 3,243 4,996 2,092 1,668 688 1,036 459 320 68 170 36 3,512 909 809 184 255 109 28 9 173 19 20 10 1,048 239 143 20 8,399 2,266 1,394 331 1,989 506 354 91 2,372 190 6^0 74 417 78 2,322 466 10,643 2,716 1,769 448 1,685 356 93 14 6,347 960 184 62 719 132 8 7 3,630 579 22 6 21,348 4,426 101,015 170, 845 81,151 134, 796 48,810 87,087 36,364 60,644 31,117 66,997 17, 126 26,637 8,704 15,923 2,990 5,361 1,692 3,041 432 567 263 361 3,260 6,864 711 1,330 482 784 69 98 108 194 30 67 1,243 2,065 93 177 12,096 22,139 1,761 2,861 2,014 3,278 283 630 1,085 1,895 359 767 472 715 2,467 3,764 12,287 20, 131 1,820 3,040 1,729 3,039 47 81 4,090 7,266 217 393 661 1,066 19 38 3,062 4,889 22 62 20,066 34,070 1 Includes: Arizona, 1 establishment; CaUfornia, 2; Colorado, 2; Idaho, 1; Iowa, 3; Kansas, 2; Ken- tucky, 1; Maine, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; Utah, 2; Washington, 6. 604 CENSUS OP MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary liorse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials Value of products. Expressed in thousands. CONFECTIONEEY— continued. States, is/.}- Continued North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South CaroUna South Dakota Tennessee , Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i 13 53 3 105 132 3,149 37 67 26 336 281 6,465 20 268 22 «5 i 105 35 774 46 773 31 617 4 151 32 480 67 610 13 82 55 2,242 6 13 37 72 4,200 86 293 0,811 259 91 164 1,247 790 902 172 661 268 03 1,837 6 $166 $20 265 50 6,097 1,254 93 32 1,040 157 0,429 2,307 674 115 87 32 204 61 1,530 300 1,633 282 1,349 251 289 59 929 165 886 277 45 29 3,212 810 38 6 $118 302 6,081 166 812 10, 099 522 95 373 1,850 1,462 1,263 251 1,401 956 164 3,880 24 $204 443 10, 134 295 1,681 16,668 880 226 646 2,990 2,666 2,125 400 1,952 1,783 292 6,229 41 CONTECTIONEEY (iCE CEEAM). United stales. Stales, IBIlf. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico Now Yorir North Carolina North Dakota. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota 2,437 10,376 25 94 31 93 69 266 22 43 46 194 24 49 6 199 ■ 22 49 24 90 6 10 185 820 115 372 134 334 36 166 38 152 15 67 26 62 62 265 128 475 80 194 24 136 8 18 64 334 8 22 31 64 12 25 72 400 10 ^14 193 1,381 16 67 3 4 160 816 61 99 9 66 376 1,077 46 126 6 26 9 24 46,600 33,703 6,845 32,772 55,983 313 176 48 269 463 361 223 63 308 617 994 1,248 203 1,094 1,782 180 210 31 205 323 698 686 137 431 925 122 105 21 110 187 1,297 1,343 126 602 1,032 84 67 26 141 289 437 137 39 277 390 12 15 6 15 34 4,748 3,220 615 2,811 4,922 1,492 885 228 1,084 1,782 1,469 940 214 1,087 1,809 772 431 112 449 722 186 355 82 291 563 200 148 35 188 366 132 86 35 165 265 1,012 639 152 610 1,079 1,470 1,098 326 1,575 2,804 1,617 966 107 1,038 1,803 497 373 85 515 837 36 27 9 56 96 1,616 1,392 233 1,166 1,996 33 49 15 54 103 299 206 43 227 399 67 48 18 80 127 1,866 1,284 314 1,330 2,190 26 28 9 30 80 4,443 3,539 1,018 4,792 7,828 197 171' 23 188 272 18 24 2 19 32 4,132 3,048 530 2,^82 4,208 1,300 389 59 377 637 420 313 51 277 445 7,663 6,174 1,037 4,898 8,171 269 28.5 77 335 583 85 35 17 61 118 69 47 18 86 142 ' Includes: Arizona, 1 estabUshment; Nevada, 1; Wyoming, 4. GENERAL TABLES. 605 Table 323— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THB UNITED STATES. BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Niim- Wage berof earnei's estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products Expressed in thousands. CONTECTIONEEY (ICE CBEAM)— continued. states, 75/.J— Continued, Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i 23 146 78 207 28 145 14 34 137 33 128 32 113 45 187 3 29 648 1,131 138 19 538 384 1,042 1,153 30 J314 $83 6.69 131 132 77 21 7 4,57 71 326 89 448 89 874 125 62 19 $430 602 286 56 431 404 420 621 $769 1,029 490 99 761 691 692 1,014 117 COOPERAGE. United States. 1914 1,259 1,374 1.517 1,694 2,652 3,898 4,961 2,707 2,902 17 25 10 10 61 34 20 7 34 22 60 34 35 50 24 36 8 35 309 37 79 6 99 6 6 7 110 30 27 31 17,128 19, 489 21, 149 22,117 22,555 26,973 23,314 13,7.50 11,916 485 316 191 139 1,806 384 165 147 794 745 177 269 525 220 766 848 274 879 2,001 182 1,375 24 1,341 23 218 199 1,390 232 464 509 38,290 42,636 39, 110 30,760 13,277 36,690 39,540 29,533 21,778 17,807 12, 179 9,799 4,354 2,383 702 1,559 158 322 4,106 782 299 321 2,666 1,435 429 516 836 383 1,397 1,719 534 2,761 5,289 174 2,503 97 3,270 29 666 303 1,245 569 936 794 9,161 8,970 9,485 8,786 10, 066 8,993 7,820 4,285 3,201 239 262 82 68 1,042 197 79 80 418 337 93 139 311 131 487 429 143 686 1,228 69 750 25 731 13 93 86 480 121 262 191 32, 944 32, 182 31,093 22,151 20,637 18, 441 12,832 4,106 2,645 671 1,623 274 304 4,475 1,004 304 317 1,414 1,078 315 390 732 445 1,243 1, 1.58 253 2,712 4,393 167 2,426 40 3,242 45 595 64 1,409 441 597 813 50, 017 49, 622 49,424 38, 440 38, 618 33,715 26,864 11,343 7,126 1,054 2,242 434 424 6,337 1,423 521 443 2,440 1,659 491 696 1,272 719 2,166 1,879 664 3,764 6,588 333 3,692 106 4,676 68 769 209 2,231 644 985 1,098 17,073 17,460 18,331 1909 1904 1899 16,289 1889 17,981 1879 15,274 1869 6,297 14,032 1859 7,238 1849 4,481 States, 1914. A rVftnsat! 1,035 1,161 404 289 4,458 1,186 268 245 2,347 980 944 328 1,356 348 2,331 1,669 875 1,508 2,892 493 3,622 76 3,016 383 California . 619 Florida 160 120 Illinois 1,862 Indiana... 419 Iowa.. 217 Kansas 128 Kentucky. 1,026 581 Maine 176 Maryland . . 306 540 Michigan 274 Minnesota. . 923 Missouri 721 New Hampshire New Jersey . . 411 1,042 NewYork 2,195 North Carolina, . 166 Ohio 1,266 Oregon. .. 66 Pennsylvania.. .. 1,434 Rhode Island 23 Texas 611 1,138 1,340 661 1,610 1,209 174 Vermont 146 Virginia 822 West Virginia 203 Wisconsin 388 All other states ^ 285 'Includes; Arizona, 3 establishments: Nevada, 3; Wyoming, 1. includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 3; Mississippi, 1; Nebraska, 3; Tennessee, 19; Washington, 2. 606 CENSUS OF MANXJFACTUKES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES,! BY STATES FOE 1914— Continued. ' TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials Value of products Expressed in thousands. COPPEE, TIN, AND SHEET-moN WOBK. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. States, 19U. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana.- Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania Ehode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ' 4,527 .3,071 1,989 27 10 30 354 42 7 22 26 5 454 133 86 62 44 53 20 79 127 140 138 IS 180 20 38 5 163 10 668 57 9 236 72 381 53 9 6 62 247 56 14 34 18 28, 714 28, 448 22, 556 251 30 86 1,246 143 42 191 124 . 8 2,490 759 558 167 296 475 69 485 1,377 772 855 82 1,052 78 165 12 1,642 19 4,864 338 65 2,335 141 3,563 382 71 24 307 728 123 83 168 189 752 1,107 21,357 18,847 11,195 198 10 23 904 46 12 49 86 6 2,396 482 603 98 184 287 17 152 968 392 473 909 21 88 4 1,368 12 3,929 108 72 2,690 94 2,514 106 4 58 62 287 45 43 165 206 442 844 J57,396 $20,518 53,701 19,368 31,944 13,766 430 130 59 30 171 72 2,657 1,221 219 111 68 28 182 122 317 14 5,596 1,361 1,586 283 923 853 73 610 2,393 1,150 1,679 88 2,246 154 314 34 2,459 46 9,482 558 264 5,450 270 7,202 486 74 122 419 1,134 160 385 410 399 2,181 2,64S 7 1,973 616 386 130 188 258 51 324 949 536 592 61 803 87 121 • 7 1,097 11 3,681 187 51 1,587 99 2,250 265 40 21 185 501 94 55 91 134 485 847 $50,174 $94,891 46,933 89,388 27,148 56,082 '■ ^'' 523 782 78 139 130 262 2,195 4,695 236 505 35 89 157 341 254 399 15 32 4,006 8,299 1,884 3,059 1,439 2,489 239 529 1,714 2,280 714 1,265 76 192 524 1,143 1,715 3,766 871 2,048 1,316 2,708 90 191 2,042 3,842 161 335 310 579 44 70 1,863 4,092 22 50 7,423 14,963 641 937 207 321 6,529 10,703 241 474 4,752 9,308 468 969 61 122 85 163 347 790 1,017 2,238 153 385 160 330 313 507 989 1,234 2,510 3,812 1,725 3,645 COEDAGE AND TWINE. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 106 15, 769 112 14,629 102 14,614 105 13,114 l.W 12,385 165 5,436 201 3, 698 190 3,478 55, 377 47, 269 41,041 33, 657 23,666 3, 045 1879 1869 18692 'Includes: Connecticut, 43 establishments; Georgia, 21; Nevada, 2; Oregon 69- Wasliington 107- min?, 2. • » • h , , 2 Cordage. 72,472 6,996 52, 305 6,304 37,111 6,338 29,276 4,113 23,352 3,976 7,140 1,559 3,630 1,234 2,938 966 43,605 69,761 29,315 41,942 36, 096 48,017 26,632 37,850 24,052 33,313 9,330 12, 492 5,740 8,979 6,665 7,843 Wyo- GENERAL TABLES. 60T Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES. ■ BY STATES FOR 1914— Coatinued. I TEAE AND STATE. Num- ber of list ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials Value of products. Expressed in thousands. COBDAGE AND TTTINE — continued. states, lOli. Alabama Coonectiout Kentucky New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island AH other states 1 5 460 1,935 $916 S154 $829 $1,135 10 316 1,255 501 103 506 666 5 506 1,625 1,025 159 611 883 6 760 3,366 3,127 315 2,281 2,863 12 3,804 11,935 12,822 1,706 8,247 11,971 17 1,849 5,110 6,986 727 3,867 4,985 5 134 398 226 52 179 279 45 7,940 29,763 47,869 3,780 27,085 36,979 CORDIALS AND FLAVORING SmUPS. United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. Alabama California Illinois Louisiana Massachusetts New Jersey New York Ohio : Pemisylvania Tfflmessee All other states 2 142 929 2,070 5,585 461 7,596 15,316 117 1,095 1,154 4,804 603 5,341 9,662 63 660 782 1,666 235 2,149 3,610 39 362 573 1,153 117 1,505 2,107 40 281 289 784 111 1,231 1,903 16 81 128 43 211 331 33 258 27 527 119 505 955 7 9 52 145 5 115 177 8 22 52 211 16 247 471 9 42 659 421 24 809 2,016 5 21 5 40 10 133 293 9 51 32 213 25 329 519 5 12 15 106 5 62 110 40 433 437 1,893 211 1,916 2,871 8 110 96 450 46 536 890 6 21 40 106 13 211 457 9 12 40 102 8 119 229 36 196 642 1,898 98 3,129 7,283 COEK, CUTTING. XTnited States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 . 1859 1849 States, 191/,. New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states * 52 3,454 5,814 7,602 1,682 4,751 7,875 62 3,142 3,746 5,327 1,098 3,435 5,940 50 2,895 2,589 4,009 888 2,459 4,491 62 2,340 1,.563 2,684 688 2,404 4,392 65 2,019 1,328 1,869 637 1,502 2,840 46 27 792 482 872 347 233 145 976 427 1,667 765 iei 13 14 6 86 104 570 53 43 1,597 21 31 310 56 67 1,101 141 139 1,594 2,011 30 1,014 863 1,478 409 1,385 2,258 10 1,787 2,841 4,316 824 2,094 3,722 6 83 99 211 39 171 301 ' Includes: California, 2 establishments; Georgia, 2; Illinois, 3; Indiana, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 1; Massa- fSTl ' ^^'' Minnesota, 1; Mississippi, 1; Missouri, 2; New Hampshire, 1; North Carolina, 2; Ohio, 6; tT i"??' ■*' Oregon, 1; South Carolina, 2; Tennessee. 2; Virginia, 1; Washington, 1; Wisconsin, 3. ' Inclutej^ Arkansas, 1 establishment; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 1; Delaware, 1; Florida, 2; Georgia, 4; _. jj^^jj^ p^^^jj^^ 2. Oregon, 2; South Caro- 608 CENSUS OF MANXJFACTUKES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES; COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average Jish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products Expressed in thousands. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 Stcftcs, im/f. Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states 1 167 20,496 138 17,564 109 10,975 138 12,297 205 10,928 113 8,802 21 7,298 19 1,974 11 2,298 16 2,149 13 2,592 60 2,879 4 31 10 803 13 472 7,057 4,581 3,284 3,638 1,306 2,970 341 690 959 987 769 6 159 176 $23,893 $7,977 18,033 6,464 9,589 3,600 7,290 3,645 6,640 3,509 1,612 1,746 8,151 2,797 1,871 715 2,594 906 3,596 873 2,918 1,008 3,422 1,216 31 10 652 275 658 178 $19,587 15,640 6,135 6,357 5,662 3,687 7,575 2,063 1,902 1,899 2,307 2,919 9 406 507 $40, 551 33,257 14, 862 14,451 12,402 6,495 12, 936 3,979 4,581 4,982 4,737 6,394 33 1,974 935 COTTON GOODS. United states 1914 States, 19U,. Alabama Connecticut Georgia Indiana Kentucky Maine Maryland Massach u.setts Michigan Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Pennsylvania Rhode Island Sonth Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia All other states ^ 1,179 379,366 57 13,697 44 1.5,093 118 30,719 4 961 4 1,158 15 13,834 13 3,424 165 112,609 3 31 11 1,989 16 2\,r>m 21 7,144 30 7,800 293 63, 703 116 9,158 65 25, 257 148 46,448 15 3,403 12 1,875 4 992 9 6,310 16 2,172 1,566,757 867,044 48,278 33,471 64, 655 44,960 112, 626 70, 706 4,015 1,697 3,725 1,708 64,404 31,290 16,975 8,732 436,423 2.55, 154 80 54 5,510 3,837 87,235 32,866 20,617 20,886 37,220 20,834 245, 600 80, 065 16, 870 18, 719 103, 642 68, 741 231, 220 134,430 12,311 7,143 5,948 6,253 4,933 2,570 34,220 18, 438 10,250 6,490 146, 130 4,206 6,801 8,119 365 359 5,775 1,239 50,300 14 680 10,006 3,149 3,575 1.5, 796 4,410 11,830 14,436 1,046 675 450 2,174 825 17,779 17, 135 41, 210 1,134 1,330 13,033 4,452 118, 727 115 1,812 22, 741 9, 9.51 10, 437 02, 338 12,724 25,538 53,889 4,554 2,643 952 6,057 3,052 676,569 25,623 30, 191 59, 982 1,797 1,991 22, 122 •6, 791 195,482 149 2,789 35,680 16, 317 15, 671 90, 744 22,408 43, 268 78, 446 6,486 3,766 1,569 10, 216 5,102 COTTOK LACE. United States. 1914 Stales, 1914. New York , Pennsylvania Rhode Island , All other states » 7,440 1,095 3,602 1,357 1,386 1,428 4,743 1,316 1,610 20,967 3,036 12, 404 3,122 2,395 3,468 638 1, 528 089 713 6,677 901 3,038 831 907 2,194 6, .534 2,057 2,422 1 Includes: California, 2 estahlishments; District of Columbia, 1: Indiana, 1: Iowa 1- Minnesota 4- Mis- souri, 1; Nebraska, 1; North Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 1. 2 Includes: Arkansas, 2 establishments; Delaware, 1; Illinois, 4; Louisiana 2- Missouri 2- Ohio 3' Wis- consin. 2. >>>>>> 'Includes: Connecticut, 3 establishments; Illinois, 1; Missouri, 1; New Hampshire, 2; New Jersey, 1; GENEEAL TABLES. 609 Table 223.— SUMMAEY FOB INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAH AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners Primary estab- (average Iiorse- lish- num- power. ments. ber). Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products Expressed in tbousands. COTTON SMALL WABE3. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 States, 19H. Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island All other states' 108 6,598 116 7,698 77 5,416 82 4,932 24 960 11 232 26 1,880 28 2,869 19 667 10, 100 10,412 7,495 5,976 1,660 274 1,798 6,332 1,036 Jll,764 $2,826 13,826 3,069 8,010 1,828 6,397 1,663 1,705 406 656 127 3,298 738 6,153 1,265 1,052 289 16,243 6,996 4,208 3,110 1,107 316 1,801 2,387 $11, 526 13, 174 8,016 6,394 1,840 600 3,458 4,394 1,233 CRUCIBLES. United Stales. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 19U. Pennsylvania All other states ^ 10 302 12 336 11 280 11 671 10 230 11 694 10 119 3 69 5 88 5 214 875 816 627 760 580 360 616 1,871 171 2,051 180 1,677 169 1,844 261 908 110 1,450 284 699 127 110 25 822 61 1,049 110 1,270 1,089 762 1,673 396 956 539 69 1,886 1,849 1,343 2,607 727 1,446 1,117 150 757 1,129 CUTLEKT AND EDGE TOOLS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 )S59 1849 States, mi. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maine Massachusetts Michigan New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 2 252 16,561 281 16,997 264 14,645 276 12,028 474 8,708 429 10,519 281 7,948 217 4,207 401 4,275 19 5 33 5,008 16 516 6 246 6 9 37 1,947 4 81 5 198 22 1,651 50 3,700 19 972 30 1,427 4 69 15 828 34, 781 32, 228 32,432 26,476 16, 749 9,729 33 9,260 715 635 139 4,059 233 471 1,634 5,326 2,716 4,854 87 4,630 35,666 9,076 30,803 8,566 20,810 7,076 16,460 5,652 12,083 4,201 9,860 4,447 8,347 4,130 3,016 1,600 2,322 1,421 23 17 11,476 2,931 934 233 386 126 32 5 5,189 1,067 127 49 380 119 2,328 700 6,489 2,116 1;358 568 4,206 736 HI 27 3,629 382 8,186 7,231 6,028 5,091 3,465 4,682 4,038 1,704 1,439 6 2,537 233 96 6 833 33 75 698 1,616 437 1,011 25 680 25,541 22,886 18, 615 14, 787 11,111 11, 661 11, 105 4,610 3,813 Si 7,357 681 246 19 4,354 106 222 2,260 6,056 1,424 2,256 87 1,439 ' Includes: Connecticut, 3 establishments; Georgia, 1; Illinois, 2; Indiana, 1; New Hampshire, 2; New Jersey, 8; Ohio, 2. ' Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Massachusetts, 2; New Jersey, 2. ' Includes: Iowa, 2 establishments; Maryland, 2; Minnesota, 3; Missouri, 2; Rhode Island, 1; Vermont, 2; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 2. 67031°— IT- -39 610 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914, Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE, INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. DAIEYMEN'3 POULTKYMEN'3, AND API/ EISTS' SUPPLIES. United States, 1914 1909 1904 States, 1914. California UllDOis Indiana Iowa Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New York Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Wisconsin All other states 1 236 5,551 233 4,871 176 2,608 10 62 32 638 8 160 7 394 14 110 7 61 5 40 9 106 33 2,046 18 442 15 581 15 83 28 345 35 483 11,639 6,898 3,994 142 886 192 1,012 282 228 51 405 4,451 1,002 964 266 800 958 $21,281 $3,363 15, 188 2,671 5,030 1,167 305 43 1,640 390 250 88 1,766 233 377 70 292 36 124 25 332 63 8,620 1,279 1,221 233 2,867 358 166 36 1,240 213 2,081 296 (9,248 $18,950 6,089 15,463 3,203 6,545 128 252 1,094 2,307 201 334 1,305 1,923 148 329 91 219 112 205 231 397 3,297 6,760 722 1,277 386 1,329 79 171 831 1,666 623 1,781 DENTAL GOODS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 18593 States, 1914. Alabama California Colorado District of Columbia . Illinois Massachusetts Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Pennsylvania , Wisconsin All otlier states ^ 172 3,080 87 1,573 80 1,922 68 1,017 24 1,011 20 10 490 346 11 4 176 21 13 37 5 17 4 28 11 104 8 55 6 18 7 31 3 6 40 866 45 1,645 5 33 21 219 1,874 865 1,113 375 225 32 10 11 8 5 41 19 21 13 29 ,088 443 11 175 10,949 1,616 6,258 744 4,681 949 2,112 509 2,908 543 841 238 838 243 304 68 19 15 11 26 22 14 13 15 71 72 70 33 25 10 160 19 64 3 4,109 564 4,604 695 35 28 1,746 122 10,715 8,101 5,510 2,109 994 248 182 206 45 11 131 409 262 73 29 5,200 2,177 47 2,240 16,160 10, 836 7,810 3,721 2,695 861 579 368 54 141 77 49 297 485 294 148 48 7,143 4,362 101 2,061 DRTTG GRINDING. United States, 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 29 1,059 25 922 27 981 26 644 13 148 4,972 3,322 2,866 4,697 845 8,434 S83 5,187 464 4,991 483 2,838 292 338 75 5,215 3,454 3,024 3,315 192 ,080 ,007 ,146 ,308 437 Maryland, 1; Tennessee, 1; ' Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishmen*; Colorado, 1; Idaho, 1; Kansas, 2; Kentucky 1; Massachusetts, 3; Montana, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 5; Oregon, 2; South Dakota 2' Texas, 3, Utah, 1; Vermont, 5; Washington, 3; West Virginia. 1. i ■ » "Teeth, porcelain." s Includes: Connecticut, 2 establishments; Delaware, 1; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 1; Kentucky 3- Maine 1; Michigan, 2; Nebraska, 1; Ohio, 6; Rhode Island, 1; Texas, 2. ji : • GENERAL TABLES. 611 Table 223 SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber o{ earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. DEUQ GRINDING — Continued. States, 19U. New York Pennsylvania All other states ' 11 369 i 41 14 649 944 190 3,838 S951 $154 151 22 7,332 407 J799 136 4,280 11,355 231 6,494 {556 95 2,214 DKUGGISTS' PEEPAKATIONS. Vnited States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889! States, 19U. California Colorado District of Columbia. Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska New York Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Virginia Wisconsin Another states 3 416 9,277 375 9,490 240 7,410 173 5,658 1,805 2,031 6 116 4 10 3 46 3 24 38 358 17 497 13 83 19 125 9 19 3 5 6 14 12 566 16 322 15 2,175 4 17 22 250 5 6 11 51 81 1,651 26 259 46 1,859 9 106 5 40 7 40 36 638 8,417 9,580 6,102 3,813 51 72 5 5 3 786 552 22 141 13 7 3 654 307 1,800 1 121 11 4 1,694 386 1,319 20 48 443 46,638 4,755 37,767 4,158 25,152 2,793 16,005 2,007 4,625 840 281 58 27 5 153 18 29 12 1,969 234 3,685 231 379 54 481 84 99 7 5 2 7 4 2,890 227 904 159 12,797 1,352 76 14 895 125 29 4 275 35 8,344 847 964 139 9,719 770 535 44 91 16 155 27 1,789 287 22,936 17, 847 13,420 10, 814 2,412 530 29 71 44 737 1,313 316 527 55 4 16 1,314 599 5,129 120 714 .7 158 4,804 539 4,074 351 118 97 1,269 48,010 43,958 31,782 22,715 6,660 767 43 136 118 2,000 3,235 624 959 100 10 33 2,725 1,346 11,739 170 1,648 21 306 8,856 1,291 8,301 685 195 209 2,493 25,075 26,111 18,362 11,901 4,248 237 14 65 74 1,263 1,922 308 432 45 6 17 1,411 747 6,610 50 934 14 148 4,052 752 4,227 334 77 112 1,224 DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES, EXCLUSIVE OF THAT DONE IN TEXTILE MILLS. United States. 1914. 1909.. 1904. 1899.. 1889. 1879.. 1869.. 1859.. 1849.. 507 48,467 426 44,046 360 35,565 298 29,776 248 19,601 191 16 698 42 8,894 4,005 4,080 42 130,172 107,746 84, 868 69,238 67,035 9,863 139, 194 114,093 88, 709 60,643 38, 451 26, 224 13,368 3,517 3,923 24,872 56,705 109,292 62,587 21,227 36,261 83,556 48,296 16,469 19,621 50,850 31,229 12,726 17,958 44,963 27,005 8 912 12,385 28,901 16,516 6,474 13,664 32,297 18,633 3,438 M6,373 4 54,446 8,073 1.088 3,885 7,971 4,086 1.089 « 10, 462 4 13,681 3,219 Minnesota, 1; New Jersey, 4; North ■ Includes: Illinois, 3 establishments; Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 2 Carolina, 1; Wisconsin, 1 ' Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1889. "Includes: Alabama, 3 establishments; Arkansas, 1; Connecticut, ^, nuLi^n, '. "=" y.'*'"i''="""' '• New Jersey, 9; North Carolina, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolma, 1; South Dakota, 2; Texas, 6; Utah, 1; Washington, 2; West Virginia, 2. * Includes the value of the cloth treated. 2; Florida, 2; New Hampshire, 1; 612 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTBES : 1914. Table a23.-SUMMAKY FOB INDUSTEIES: COMPAEATIVE FOB THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOE 1914-Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- ber o£ estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES, EXCLUSIVE OP THAT DONE IN TEXTILE MILLS— Continued. States, 191i. Connecticut Illinois Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Bhode Island All other states ' 12 1,764 8 268 3 116 4 87 57 11,437 98 11,683 99 5,514 4 194 5 382 150 6,389 47 7,928 20 1 2,705 7,738 476 293 177 30,932 22,876 13,497 273 4,100 14,685 25, 539 $4,837 $923 579 . 149 214 68 141 41 39,014 5,843 32,940 5,926 13,586 2,925 179 61 1,451 191 17,281 3,469 22,750 3,966 6,222 1,320 $1,455 ■$3, 603 208 504 109 247 97 206 10,989 22,455 13,706 27,987 10, 452 16,303 106 203 444 706 8,466 15,452 8,764 16,301 1,919 5,426 DYESTUFFS AND EXTRACTS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899.. 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island , Tennessee Virginia V/est Virginia All other states 2 112 2,839 107 2,397 98 2,707 77 1,647 62 2,111 41 992 73 803 55 440 41 114 17 148 18 343 23 647 9 7 6 13 4 15 265 91 365 429 66 485 23,290 22,213 17, 671 11,409 11,896 2,694 520 1,625 3,576 3,113 729 4,065 4,309 581 4,772 21,284 1,613 17,936 1,291 14, 904 1,264 7,839 788 8,645 1,038 2,364 512 1,803 399 825 149 121 32 813 99 3,830 216 6,116 450 1,992 182 487 52 2,102 173 2,002 161 304 40 3,638 240 13,238 9,684 6,829 4,746 6,501 3,919 1,667 1,116 119 1,162 3,044 3,885 1,158 512 770 1,138 319 1,260 20,620 16,956 10,893 7,351 9,293 5,253 2,879 1,655 230 1,674 4,969 6,226 1,569 793 1,636 1,677 363 1,813 ELECTRICAL MACHINERT, APPARATtJS, AND SUPPLIES. United states. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1879, States, lOllf. California Colorado Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maryland Massachusetts. . 1,030 118,078 1,009 87, 256 784 60,466 581 42,013 189 8,802 76 1,271 780 29 8 79 43 5,059 142 16, 483 41 4,076 5 94 6 66 91 17, 125 227, 731 158, 768 105,376 43, 674 7,494 1,116 84 6,459 21, 140 6,426 88 80 29, 846 355,725 73, 806 267, 844 49,381 174,066 31,842 83, 660 20, 579 18,997 4,617 1,610 683 2,027 472 356 42 14,354 2,630 34,945 12,366 10,060 2,423 257 58 111 36 45, 067 10,651 154, 728 108, 566 66,837 49, 458 8,819 1,116 1,660 53 7,436 19,379 3,931 87 40 17, 697 335, 170 221, 309 140,809 92,434 19, 115 2,655 2,862 138 14, 330 45, 667 8,879 235 121 43, 869 1 Includes: Alabama, labama, 1 establishment; California, 2; Delaware, 2; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Maine, 1; Mume- sota, 1; Missouri, 2; Oregon, 1; South Carolina, 2; Tennessee, 2; west Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. 2 Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; California, 1; Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 2; Illinois, 2; Indiana, 1; Mictugan, 1; North Carolina, 4; Wisconsin, 2. GENEEAL TABLES. 613 Table 223.— SUMMAEY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATFS BY STATES FOR 1914— Conttoued. dx^i.iji,o, YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials Value of products. Expressed in thousands. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, APPARATUS, AND SUPPLIES— Continued. States, i9i|— Continued Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Ehode Island West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ' 35 1,144 17. 236 19 2,560 6 228 76 14, 405 215 23,738 4 78 119 12,695 105 14,866 13 1,581 4 162 29 2,115 23 609 1,584 393 1,918 392 22,860 71,453 89 17, 771 36, 537 3,638 1,369 3,616 872 t2,652 $656 394 161 6,677 1,636 456 122 44, 639 7,867 82,589 16, 187 131 31 36,496 7,409 61,587 8,737 5,136 734 651 75 7,006 1,340 1,134 274 $1, 740 348 2,416 165 20, 649 38, 026 106 17, 482 17,240 3,793 184 2,064 433 $3,416 749 6,643 352 40, 741 73, 946 177 36, 121 44,396 5,468 666 5,397 1,098 ELECTROPLATING. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New Yorlj Ohio Pennsylvania Ehode Island Washington Wisconsin All other states 2 479 2,684 461 2,717 312 1,943 302 2,086 313 1,765 221 1,441 '27 69 15 113 46 398 15 46 4 10 6 28 60 233 18 113 10 52 13 86 4 11 21 198 129 600 36 230 33 143 21 161 4 5 10 53 17 35 5,845 4,461 2,588 2,933 1,758 256 990 206 25 57 398 362 133 530 16 279 989 646 291 136 41 141 101 2,842 1,713 1,336 4,773 2,324 1,652 1,205 4,610 1,287 1,093 747 2,965 1,322 949 784 2,720 2,051 892 1,048 3,122 866 621 664 1,976 91 68 38 173 194 66 71 243 343 291 357 865 40 29 12 81 6 6 2 16 14 19 9 43 222 162 110 402 77 87 38 180 61 38 18 91 61 63 33 145 11 6 4 19 546 96 91- 338 409 400 196 1,008 212 160 80 376 214 98 39 230 260 89 201 402 7 3 1 16 56 34 25 92 28 19 11 56 EMERY AND OTHER ABRASIVE WHEELS. United States, 1914. 1909. 1904. 1879. , 49 2,387 51 1,943 34 801 34 646 17 245 11 6 112 41 8,224 1,491 6,231 1,166 2,249 461 1,490 303 823 135 398 68 283 31 3,006 2, 661 706 609 187 110 54 7,130 6,711 2,062 1,382 726 322 166 'Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 3; Louisiana, 2; Nebraska, 2; Oregon, 1; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 3; Texas, 1; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 1, Washington, 4. 'Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Colorado, 1; Delaware, 2; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 2; New Hamp- shire, 1; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 2; Vermont, 1.; Virginia, 3; West Virginia, 1. 614 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOB 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ot earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. EMERY AND OTHEK ABRASIVE WHEELS — Continued. Slates, 1911 Illinois Massachusetts Michigan New York Pennsylvania All other states i... 5 41 12 902 3 78 11 992 7 100 11 274 57 2,214 164 488 512 665 $115 $41 2,404 599 165 23 4,103 596 721 66 716 166 $67 866 123 113 449 $194 2,299 225 3,189 325 ENAMELING. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 Slates, 19U. Massachusetts New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island All other states 2 77 1,314 • 76 1,945 92 9,537 129 7,675 27 187 19 12 176 274 10 92 4 3 15 63 6 162 7 244 18 480 17 270 1,635 1,619 7,604 3,024 18 218 90 6 34 150 795 2,128 649 2,718 825 17,975 3,642 9,184 2,259 72 105 145 57 393 137 147 51 2 2 115 26 362 92 900 95 236 232 366 151 970 1,402 7,152 5,467 53 70 718 134 1 23 101 426 121 164 2,166 2,985 15,709 9,979 182 183 1,071 269 10 86 277 644 447 433 ENGINES, STEAM, «AS, AND WATER. United Slates 1914 Slates, 19H. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Perinsylvania Washington Wisconsin All other states -^ ... . 446 29,657 24 813 18 1,076 30 1,860 21 1,311 20 1,197 5 78 6 47 8 104 m 4,427 17 508 6 307 14 677 48 1,973 47 2,962 66 5,222 8 21 40 6,010 30 1,065 63,047 1,721 1,783 2,891 2,060 1,881 150 86 289 9,062 1,603 1,119 2,772 5,132 9,617 12, 375 50 7,596 2,870 131,080 21,421 4,189 733 6,114 809 9,964 1,412 4,335 782 6,597 926 360 56 142 38 432 70 13,321 3,387 4,357 334 2,094 231 3,612 514 8,987 1,384 12,682 1,983 25,900 3,521 79 22 24,081 4,517 4,864 703 31, 460 1,429 1,029 1,842 1,291 1,320 83 49 82 5,962 668 590 682 1,909 2,837 4,728 32 5,875 1,062 1 Includes: Connecticut, 2 establishments; New Jersev 3- Ohio 4- PhnHo Tsion/i i.ixr„„i,j j-„ < 'Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Colorado. 1; Delaware !• li'lorido !■ THohn i. t7-„^, „ i -rr S'l?kkr,1rWnnSnf*lia^,t ^e^tl: ^fol'^^.-^^^'^^Tl: ioSr&K GENERAL TABLES. 615 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1014— Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- ber ot lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. ENGRAVEK3' MATEEIAL3. United States. 1914 13 18 10 11 18 11 3 4 6 106 ■ 129 49 76 139 70 35 18 53 547 549 135 105 87 $352 393 98 101 140 55 130 57 165 $73 96 31 45 76 40 28 11 34 $551 609 96 142 62 26 242 111 198 $768 921 171 282 204 86 339 154 275 $217 1909 312 1904 75 1899 140 1889 142 1879 60 States, 1914. Illinois 185 83 279 97 New York 43 77 ENGBAVING AND DIESINKING. United States. 1914 486 253 305 • 277 382 246 157 191 114 10 4 31 14 48 8 30 191 26 47 50 3 24 1,636 1,308 1,573 964 1,168 852 1,407 724 483 35 9 338 17 152 5 112 433 84 73 233 1 44 1,092 768 1,032 616 228 1,865 1,449 1,211 720 795 417 1,745 432 172 26 11 699 15 166 2 66 495 58 134 138 1 64 1,076 821 1,032 643 697 420 1,022 331 229 25 6 267 11 112 3 70 328 38 58 125 1 32 696 351 376 203 435 263 452 157 131 14 4 215 4 38 3,134 2,250 2,422 1,468 2,187 1,180 2,093 829 569 69 16 816 38 273 12 175 982 132 161 284 7 169 2,538 1909 1,899 1904 . 2,046 1899 1,265 1889 1,752 1879 917 1869 151 1,641 1869 672 1849 438 States, 19U. California 11 3 218 23 135 65 nnnnBotinnt 12 Illinois 601 34 235 Missouri 12 65 314 46 95 115 1 66 31 163 19 17 29 144 NewYork 829 OMo 113 Pennsylvania 144 Rhode Island 264 Utah.. 7 All other states^. . 81 88 ENGRAVING, STEEL AND COPPEK PLATE, INCLUDING PLATE PRINTING. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1879. States, 1914. Alabama California Colorado. District of Columbia . Illinois Keiitacky Maryland 399 6,869 316 5,326 215 3,580 286 3,303 134 2,296 65 1,916 4 28 26 126 3 60 6 74 48 1,425 5 121 15 66 21 60 11 9 ,305 42 21 19,079 4,527 7,242 3,388 5,403 2,228 5,066 2,012 2,924 1,676 2,387 1,952 38 21 106 92 34 27 31 31 2,865 954 94 69 72 30 3,915 2,218 1,654 1,210 743 649 15 61 18 24 902 78 38 13, 786 9,432 5,943 5,101 3,348 2,999 51 236 67 90 :,161 219 138 'Includes: Connecticut, 1 estabUshment; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 1; Penn- sylvania, 1. 'Includes: Colorado, 1 establishment; District of Columbia, 2; Indiana, 1; Michigan, 7; Minnesota, 2; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 2; Texas, 1; Washington, 3; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 616 CENSUS OF manufactures: 1914. Table 233.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials, Value of products. Expressed in thousands. ENGRAViNG, STEEL AND COPPER PLATE, INCLUDING PLATE PRINTING— Continued, States, iP/,?— Continued. Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Texas Utah Virginia All other states ^ 29 421 12 91 6 34 13 101 118 2,419 10 118 7 36 41 1,007 3 37 5 39 4 22 44 634 724 60 16 23 2,005 37 17 509 8 23 4 795 $668 t275 106 72 20 21 60 63 9,432 1,684 69 73 56 38 2,139 602 19 21 35 26 9 14 3,226 414 S160 38 10 38 1,503 29 15 552 13 17 $746 156 59 183 5,270 175 96 1,774 52 74 23 1,221 ENGRAVING, WOOD. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 19H. Connecticut Iliinois Massachusetts Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 72 302 82 318 114 338 144 336 285 945 167 509 5 18 12 190 3 8 19 24 58 4 6 10 2 2 13 246 310 193 259 IKS 245 231 206 481 600 184 334 12 13 144 238 1 6 11 38 38 2 2 2 2 41 6 126 60 63 168 69 719 711 648 614 1,555 735 36 490 4 31 106 5 11 37 ENVELOPES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 !S59 States, IBH. CallJomia Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Minnesota Missouri New York Ohio Peimsylvania All other states ^ 90 6,970 78 5,303 72 4,298 61 2,984 41 2,325 12 1,204 22 910 16 432 3 61 4 714 19 1,090 11 1,781 3 102 7 346 15 1,215 6 790 12 504 10 307 5,206 3,091 2,122 1,741 710 159 58 568 821 ,102 43 467 845 867 231 414 15,830 3,378 11,826 2,226 7,498 1,630 5,613 1,150 3,218 813 924 344 875 316 310 117 184 29 1,937 373 2,190 668 4,723 803 169 47 1,204 169 1,913 810 1,615 393 987 218 90S 168 10,235 7,667 5,975 3,665 2,631 2,347 1,288 434 123 954 1,430 2,850 81 443 1,223 1,891 692 548 18, 481 13, 464 10,222 6,299 4,856 3,001 2,278 784 203 1,830 2,887 4,980 187 908 2,547 2,812 1,301 826 •Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; Coimecticut, 5; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 2; Louisi- ana, 4; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 11; Oklahoma, 2; Rhode Island, 8; Tennessee, 2; Washington, 2; West Virginiaj 1; Wisconsin, 2. 'Includes: Indiana, 3 establishments; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 3; Minnesota, 1; Rhode Island, 2. * Includes; Indiana, X establishment; Maiue, 1; Michigan, 3; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 617 Table 233.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAH AND STATE. Num- ber oi lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. EXPLOSIVES. United States, 1914 1908 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, i9H. Dlinois Kansas Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania West Virginia All other states ' 111 6,306 86 6,274 124 5,800 97 4,502 69 2,353 54 1,340 36 973 58 747 64 579 9 366 3 87 11 311 6 73 33 1,037 7 54 42 4,378 45, 778 28,601 29,665 19, 195 10,674 3, 764 2,083 905 5,646 477 5,831 864 29,972 171,351 $4,488 50,168 4,304 42,307 3,309 19,466 2,384 13,639 1,241 6,585 675 4,100 594 2,306 291 1,179 193 2,855 194 816 75 2,266 188 649 80 8,519 716 816 49 55,430 3,186 125,627 22,812 17, 204 10,335 6,482 3,272 2,398 1,812 861 1,655 424 972 320 4,107 3U 17,838 $41, 433 40, 140 29,603 17, 125 11,353 5,802 4,238 3,223 1,690 2,682 624 1,439 538 6,003 461 29, 786 FANCY ARTICLES, NOT ELSEWHEKE SPECIFIED. United States. 914.. 909.. 904.. 899.. 889., 879. StaUs, 1914. Calif omia Comieotiout Illinois Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states ^. '.'.'. 493 7,399 361 6,729 327 6,624 392 5,718 377 3,396 161 2,793 '226 28 9 357 43 616 5 4 30 786 8 212 5 66 45 816 235 2,928 14 324 35 515 9 117 6 165 22 278 4,686 3,219 3,376 2,596 821 64 379 384 14 493 200 10 285 209 63 264 240 11,879 3,567 9,639 2,464 7,120 2,645 5,082 1,922 2,386 1,235 1,359 1,037 126 86 889 196 1,230 413 32 2 1,067 387 242 94 46 23 1,285 423 3,837 1,358 1,235 159 917 199 82 58 308 65 584 114 8,429 5,424 4,827 4,061 1,845 1,065 120 644 1,117 5 622 156 43 618 3,798 327 514 98 126 341 17,669 12,391 11,962 9,046 4,810 2,817 372 1,186 2,201 16 1,288 367 119 1,476 7,447 958 1,082 233 231 FEATHEES AND PLUMES. United States. 1914 239 187 8 4 206 11 10 4,483 5,181 90 35 3,829 434 95 369 167 12 1 302 35 19 6,398 6,100 181 20 4,588 606 101 1,988 2,234 62 16 1,733 148 39 6,103 9,010 37 22 5,632 354 58 11,451 14,939 159 60 10, 274 787 171 5,348 1909 5,929 States, 1914. California 122 Illinois 38 NewYork ,.. . 4,642 Pennsylvania 433 All otfier states ' 113 'Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Arkansas, 1; California, 5; Colorado, 2; Delaware, 1; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 4; New Jersey, 8; New York, 3; Teimessee, 2; Texas, 1; Washington, 2; Wisconsin, 2. 'Includes: Colorado, 2 establishments; District of Columbia, 1; Florida, 1; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 2; Mary. land, 4; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 3; Texas, 1; Utah, 2; Vermont, 2; Washington, 1. ^Includes: Maryland, 1 establishment; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 3; Wash- ington, 2. 618 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 19M. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued . YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. W^age earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials Value of products. Expressed in thousands. FELT GOODS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 19H. Connecticut Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania All other states ' 53 4,035 14,056 $20,284 $2,089 $8,308 $13,693 43 3,544 11,405 12,725 1,712 6,967 11,853 39 3,264 9,756 9,667 1,367 6,754 8,949 36 2,688 7,841 7,125 1,026 3,801 6,462 34 2,142 6,051 4,461 883 2,810 4,655 26 1,624 2,631 1,958 440 2,631 3,620 4 217 652 1,072 93 360 651 15 878 3,839 6,236 435 1,926 2,997 12 1,295 4,872 7,149 712 2,941 4,827 6 150 705 676 89 302 519 16 1,495 4,088 6,151 760 2,780 4,799 FEETILIZEES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 191i. Alabama California Couaecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Mississippi Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia All other states 2 784 550 399 422 390 364 126 47 16 10 9 22 230 12 14 22,815 18,310 14, 184 11,581 9,026 8,598 2,501 308 1,416 196 329 64 781 3,833 696 193 132 408 155 1,991 379 60 1,530 466 1,690 1,005 1,110 2,050 706 101 2,470 1,054 114,281 64, 711 47, 989 38,680 28,240 2,961 7,112 1,586 1,689 295 3,070 19,097 3,739 1,293 298 1,948 973 7,242 2,809 865 5,829 2,055 8,155 4,739 4,647 7,576 3,762 622 19,577 5,413 217, 066 121, 537 68,917 60,686 40,594 17,914 4,396 466 16,260 2,834 1,804 382 7,613 46,608 2,769 1,105 865 3,285 3,386 16,325 2,923 349 13,606 4,803 16, 703 8,532 6,658 23,889 6,460 412 20, 560 10,144 10,532 7,477 5,127 4,185 3,418 2,648 767 95 546 168 185 28 367 1,406 398 95 50 171 68 1,052 156 37 814 252 734 690 329 63 1,051 572 107,965 69,522 39,288 28,968 25,114 15,595 3,808 591 8,077 1,860 1,477 382 4,666 21,220 2,350 747 499 1,932 1,195 9,968 1,606 197 7,687 1,669 7,704 4,627 4,170 10,316 2,592 366 7,996 4,763 153, 196 103,960 66,541 44,657 39, 181 23,651 6,815 891 10,870 2,331 1,972 610 6,995 29,046 3,775 1,136 793 2,818 1,683 13,987 2,060 346 11,198 2,477 10,308 7,246 6,178 13,825 4,372 638 11,350 7,383 J Include: California, 1 establishment; Illinois, 2; Maine, 2; New Jersey, 5; Ohio. 2: Texas. 1: Vir- gmia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. ' ' 2 Includes: Arkansas, 2 establishments; Colorado,!; Iowa, 2; Kansas, 4; Massachusetts, 4; Michigan, 3; Mmnesota, 1; Nebraska, 1; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Utah, 2; Washington, 1: West Vireinia 1: Wis- consm, 1; Wyoming, 1. ° ' » & » » GENERAL TABLES. 619 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost o£ materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899....; 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. Massachusetts New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states > 48 4,349 57 4,158 62 3,276 86 3,160 140 2,435 179 2,608 121 1,581 6 134 7 186 8 178 7 1,315 20 2,536 8,821 7,383 5,697 4,835 3,649 367 510 614 1,694 6,636 $11,327 12,136 10,413 1,978 6,866 1,514 3,858 1,277 2,992 1,218 1,667 967 1,659 639 228 75 269 97 197 84 3,018 583 7,625 1,296 11,595 1,596 1,311 1,166 1,039 788 468 54 61 401 991 S6,608 6,691 4,392 3,404 3,180 2,487 1,649 207 203 189 1,495 3,614 FIBEABM3. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. Massachusetts New York All other states ' 29 7,064 27 6,002 30 6,224 32 4,482 34 2,660 39 4,862 46 3,297 242 2,066 317 1,647 6 2,161 7 2,317 16 2,586 7,474 7,523 16, 352 4,490 1,905 1, 1,990 3,169 2,315 15,611 5,067 13,033 3,919 10,376 3,723 6,916 2,542 4,672 1,676 8,115 2,700 4,017 2,491 2,516 889 578 518 3,930 1,461 5,546 1,676 6,135 1,930 2,670 1,669 1,738 1,305 486 1,859 1,101 379 270 711 1,023 936 10, 644 8,058 8,276 5,445 2,923 5,737 5,582 2,369 1,173 3,297 2,967 4,280 rniE EXTINGUISHERS, CHEMICAL. United States. 1914 27 31 35 17 9 3 9 3 15 256 195 178 64 56 119 162 5 89 391 216 140 26 67 675 52r 338 137 406 400 320 68 287 200 127 108 33 26 86 140 3 67 574 305 229 71 58 82 405 1 168 1,298 754 682 218 196 206 948 12 338 724 1909 449 1904 353 1899 147 1889 138 1879 123 States, 1914. New York 120 113 158 643 Pennsylvania.. . 11 All other states ' 170 'Includes: Connecticut, 3 establishments; Illinois, 3; Indiana, 1; Michigan, 2; New Jersey, 6; Rhode Island, 4; Wisconsm, 1. „, . ,.,, , • , = Includes: California, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 8; Delaware, 1; Michigan, 2; Ohio, 1, Pennsylvama, S. 'Includes: Delaware, 1 establishment; Illinois, 2; Indiana, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Missouri, 4; Nebraska, 2; North Dakota, 1; Ohio, 1; West Virginia, 1. 620 CENSUS OF MANXJFACTUEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMABY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners Primary estab- (average horse- lish- num- power. ments. ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. FraEWOKKS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879' 18691 18592 States, 1914. Massachusetts Pennsylvania All other states ^ 41 1,324 42 1,403 34 1,480 46 1,638 22 518 39 21 735 363 12 144 4 389 6 57 31 878 707 517 347 219 17 345 25 337 $2, 162 $616 •3,209 579 1,543 636 1,086 507 507 165 580 216 600 196 85 40 346 180 93 36 1,723 -400 tl, 206 628 189 841 307 49 284 47 875 $2, 296 2,269 1,987 1,785 593 1,391 880 177 554 131 1,611 FLAGS AND BANNERS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 ■ 1879 States, 1914. California Colorado Illinois Iowa Massachusetts Minnesota, New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states^ 87 1,495 55 934 31 374 36 509 29 321 11 68 6 105 3 26 8 125 5 85 3 33 4 23 27 603 6 161 8 140 17 204 637 230 7 25 17 9 4 164 213 137 43 1,843 1,165 664 666 376 54 112 7 114 48 14 5 842 226 284 191 318 115 149 96 27 64 13 66 25 10 12 299 77 60 84 1,750 1,087 487 647 196 143 29 130 63 40 22 738 140 239 208 3,601 1,984 ■855 1,038 456 120 53 289 121 66 42 1,679 278 380 429 FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879. United States. Slates, 1914. California - Colorado.. Georgia . . . Illinois Iowa Louisiana. 424 1,461 420 1,229 377 1,543 350 1,261 148 507 68 374 23 69 3 1 4 14 27 144 8 17 3 13 1,470 1,060 873 704 203 117 2 2 260 32 IS 6,617 689 5,341 558 4,405 663 3,314 478 1,362 209 405 129 281 37 7 20 6 824 83 82 10 12 6 6,308 4,468 3,936 3,291 1,430 796 217 11 32 11,380 8,828 7,772 6,308 2,015 1,196 439 14 54 1,401 114 51 ' Explosives and fireworks. 2 "Fireworks," "torpedoes." 'Includes: California, 2 establishments; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 2; Delaware 1- Illinois 3- Indiana 1- Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 7; New York, 6,- Ohio, 2; Virginia 1- Washine'ton 1 ' ' * Includes: District of Columbip i aof«KHov.™«.,4-. t«.^j — i.t^.,,-„.- — ,_;,_' . ,&_.'• Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 1; Rhode , 1 establishment; Indiana, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maryland. 1- Miohiean. 2; Island, 1; Texas, 1; Virginia, 3; Washington, 2; Wisconsin, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 621 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ot earners estab- (average lish- ■n^im- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. FLAVORING EXTKACTS— Continued. States, 2W.4— Continued Maryland Massachusetts Micliigan Missouri New Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin Another states" 15 31 33 124 10 28 12 100 19 137 119 311 34 109 4 2 34 69 6 13 7 21 61 258 10 67 6 125 219 223 183 28 4 4 173 $87 $12 596 63 111 12 648 54 374 59 1,30s 148 505 47 9 281 32 20 7 171 11 1,284 102 $96 692 106 571 592 1,422 417 5 198 31 133 1,095 $167 1,165 181 1,009 828 2,352 908 .10 379 61 217 2,030 FLAX AND HEMP, DRESSED. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 1914. Kentuclcy Minnesota All otlier states^ 16 116 16 164 17 214 4 211 6 497 79 1,019 90 765 33 125 5 54 4 13 7 49 832 ,147 600 187 113 1,566 52 240 540 235 45 785 64 239 60 72 46 1,362 199 620 268 525 210 60 32 75 14 37 7 123 24 185 336 Z!3 91 638 818 383 117 120 14 51 283 467 347 159 981 1,310 815 225 159 29 96 FLOUR-MILL AND GRISTMILL PRODUCTS. 1914.. 1909.. 1904.. United Slates. Stales, t9ti. Alabama Arizona Arlcansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland ........ 10,788 39, 718 11,691 39, 463 10,051 39,110 9,476 32,226 73 125 ■ 8- 38 102 282 132 1,067 83 393 85 113 60 127 3 5 13 22 128 367 71 188 406 2,398 512 2,281 227 790 360 2,367 442 1,447 7 31 148 217 247 473 822,384 853,584 775,318 670, 719 2,914 636 6,880 13,374 6,746 2,971 3,287 190 382 8,672 3,914 36, 793 41, 350 16,388 46, 015 25, 151 313 6,025 11,398 380,257 24,593 349, 162 21,464 265,117 19, 822 189,281 16,285 795 48 564 34 1,788 123 11,862 812 4,969 316 1,214 59 707 59 7 3 107 7 2,317 144 2,689 155 19,475 1,456 16,493 1,288 6,556 486 26,688 1,680 10,276 658 190 14 2,236 128 3,835 240 752,270 767, 676 619, 971 428, 117 1,918 860 6,172 19, 504 6,436 1,631 1,203 72 134 6,264 2,727 42,841 32,241 11, 768 64, 242 17,419 624 3,969 6,919 877, 680 883,684 713,033 601,396 2,179 1,065 5,802 24, 079 7,536 1,881 1,483 78 166 6,084 3,396 49,493 37,488 14, 337 72, 896 21, 229 687 4,426 8,164 'Includes: Connecticut, 7 establishments; Florida, 3; Idaho, 1; Indiana, 2; Kansas, 2; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 8; Minnesota, 3; Mississippi, 1; New Hampshire, 2; North Carolina, 1; South Carolina, 1; South Dakota, 2; Tennessee, 6; Texas, 4; Utah, 2; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 7; Washington, 4; Wyoming, 1. 'Includes: Iowa, 1 establishment; Michigan, 1; North Dakota, 4; South Dakota, 1. 622 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 333.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials, Value of products. Expressed in thousands. FLOUR-MILL AND GEiSTMiLL PKoiwcTS— Continued. States, ^5i^— Continued, Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virgim'a Wisconsin Wyoming 105 176 427 1,370 286 4,564 17 48 641 2,096 33 256 211 682 7 28 79 144 196 341 17 29 891 3,070 293 688 59 424 649 2,363 253 ,700 95 450 1,265 2,595 20 74 37 30 72 255 612 1,497 191 1,300 70 198 125 179 533 1,082 100 928 229 381 253 1,116 16 33 •4,900 35,321 100, 638 783 39,003 4,078 17,830 465 4,597 8,870 761 72.269 14,227 7,810 63, 524 14,060 8,565 61, 790 1,062 1,046 6,412 28,246 19,968 3,619 7,365 23,086 13, 401 9,996 26, 350 1,163 S2,619 tlOl 10,060 860 46, 412 3,407 140 14 19,100 1,122 3,888 209 8,025 614 584 22 1,427 89 2,616 188 232 16 34,644 1,997 3,577 231 4,041 330 18,841 1,506 6,508 420 9,076 330 23,352 1,424 352 29 222 12 2,856 184 10,339 642 17,524 798 2,090 144 1,600 105 8,911 463 15,506 744 3,812 218 10,789 737 479 27 J3,424 23,299 127,315 344 33, 262 3,902 12,983 277 2,422 3,590 337 67, 423 7,644 10, 072 38, 967 14, 367 9,827 37,097 690 346 4,722 22, 072 29,573 2,637 3,669 16.390 20,272 5,928 24, 980 555 S3, 811 27,381 148,244 410 38,686 4,890 15,022 387 2,734 4,320 426 77,409 8,964 12,030 46,171 16, 689 11, 193 43,626 798 421 6,567 26, 414 35,110 3,156 4,143 18,084 23,665 7,053 28,697 722 FOOD PEEPAKATIONS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869... States, 1914. Alabama..- Caliromia Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska 1,569 20,306 1,213 14,968 766 11,333 646 8,214 302 3,478 109 1,333 1,178 124 11 41 181 938 24 218 23 114 5 14 7 23 15 692 115 1,790 37 199 24 1,371 16 103 6 84 30 994 7 3 43 332 68 469 56 1,683 27 426 5 19 64 629 6 12 23 283 80,022 56, 166 28,162 15,485 5,766 1,180 185 3,622 1,614 264 28 84 2,202 7,772 1,341 5,238 1,040 1,145 1,969 6 2,191 1,032 9,760 1,369 100 1,997 17 2,653 91,039 10,866 64,686 7,043 61,784 4,398 21,401 3,099 6,716 1,223 1,294 318 1,326 471 298 21 3,553 649 576 105 247 46 62 4 32 11 4,270 270 6,969 1,006 949 112 8,174 806 319 50 867 43 5,233 391 44 2 1,268 162 1,461 280 6,495 1,110 1,761 249 101 6 2,193 305 26 10 1,614 1«) 153, 761 83,942 37, 668 24, 777 8,130 1,605 2,339 485 6,068 891 361 68 41 14,047 12, 751 1,924 11, 393 369 1,153 8,956 8 2,367 1,963 7,039 3,049 166 6,147 24 2,863 219,333 125,331 61,180 39,837 14, 106 2,493 3,622 663 8,011 1,180 597 88 60 16, 824 17, 620 2,373 16,460 623 1,642 11,716 20 2,975 4,043 16,005 4,979 201 7,794 52 3,833 GENERAL TABLES. 623 Table 333.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. rOOD PBEFABATIOII3, NOT ELSEWHEEE SPECOTED — Continued. States, Wi4— Continued. New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Vfrginia Wasliington Wisconsin All other state.^^ 3 7 4 $5 »2 Jll t24 63 812 2,309 3,663 426 7,336 9,479 287 4,031 9,204 15,257 2,132 20,461 32,166 4 5 63 31 2 32 42 76 1,523 5,709 11, 720 827 20,035 27,346 11 41 470 134 18 . 143 220 18 79 633 633 53 626 878 131 1,612 3,490 4,311 789 4,810 7,291 5 16 51 38 5 183 202 3 12 55 29 9 26 39 33 523 4,886 2,893 242 8,264 9,955 26 317 1,258 1,461 136 3,332 4,052 10 44 102 118 23 110 172 11 141 1,123 822 81 3,021 3,498 11 49 284 141 21 268 333 27 101 491 632 62 456 663 30 478 3,400 2,565 287 1,384 4,853 27 178 865 394 84 1,172 1,472 rOTJNDKY AND MACHINE-SHOP PKODUCTS. United States. 1914.. States, 1914. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentncky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina. . . North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island 10,640 362,471 770,454 1,246,043 244,146 368,122 866,645 79 1,866 4,436 6,175 1,082 1,704 *''?^ 11 83 170 291 72 52 172 37 271 619 764 177 215 626 474 5,273 13,668 20,617 4,814 7,864 17,478 108 1,166 4,313 6,646 927 1,831 4,011 239 13,346 24,626 44,046 8,725 9,171 24,568 30 1,888 7,614 8,288 1,088 1,669 3,713 17 334 510 612 2o6 200 646 66 561 1,3^0 1,677 366 433 1,127 95 2,401 3,822 7,757 1,329 2,m 5,242 10 78 221 233 71 65 234 821 37,130 78,116 116,540 25,796 39,527 96,368 348 11,860 27,049 39,6^0 7,390 14,163 35,014 225 3,066 8,600 10,341 2,1»3 4,271 9,306 100 1,633 3,962 4,7*2 1,0*9 2,197 4,357 86 1,603 3,668 4,368 989 1,955 4,047 60 1,312 2,680 4,212 921 1,332 3,170 91 2,405 4,661 6,020 1,457 2,193 4,691 128 2,668 6,111 9,041 1,686 3,205 6,615 705 32,687 56,128 91,616 22,360 23,295 65,605 502 17,608 35,529 49,835 12,444 16,799 39,429 205 3,623 10,664 13,739 2,725 4,660 ^"'^9 43 423 1,095 1,368 231 262 261 5,602 12,731 18,458 3,937 6,791 14,564 24 384 1,273 1,294 420 604 1,234 64 735 1,467 3,076 619 1,733 2,866 4 34 168 70 48 55 159 69 2,500 4,135 6,702 1,664 1,910 5,041 472 18,099 37,578 65,758 11,961 16,251 41,870 1,601 40,761 80,251 162,902 28,543 37,481 102,897 112 1,279 2,697 3,331 734 1,100 2,477 17 76 184 270 61 82 216 992 99 61,553 785 106,890 2,209 159,668 3,037 34,236 605 50,344 1,615 122,817 2,867 98 1,231 660 57,116 2,673 136,025 2,400 211,901 543 36,968 780 63,762 1,871 140,799 136 9,819 12,333 30, 175 6,269 6,076 17,177 'Includes: Arkansas, 2 establishments; District of Columbia, 3; Idaho, 1; Nevada, 1; New Mexico, 2; North Dakota, 1; Rhode Island, 11; West Vuginia, 3; Wyoming, 3. 624 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUEES : 1914. Table 223 SUMMARY FOE, INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAE AND STATE. Niun- Wage berof earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. rouNDET AND MACHINE SHOP PEODUCTS — Continued. States, 1914 — Continued. South Carolina South Dakota , Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin AH other states 1 36 482 14 60 106 3,072 142 2,681 36 469 34 1,752 83 963 190 1,850 81 1,678 364 16,842 4 46 965 144 7,546 7,093 1,228 4,864 2,414 5,993 8,048 32, 176 11,063 $248 207 40 7,886 1,669 11,024 1,867 1,536 390 5,753 1,029 2,998 619 9,464 1,581 5,250 1,152 83,314 11,017 148 38 $363 46 2,969 3,454 789 978 657 2,650 2,468 17,044 52 $882 118 6,346 7,623 1,393 3,210 1,665 5,976 4,698 37,200 111 POTOfDEY SUPPLIES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 19U- Illinois New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 57 555 49 464 34 315 30 278 21 163 15 7 74 95 8 27 15 120 12 174 15 139 4,694 4,995 3,543 3,605 1,502 1,123 304 1,016 1,345 906 2,814 301 2,688 276 1,516 156 982 136 680 92 127 27 490 58 14,'i 15 529 57 1,084 103 566 68 997 1,272 625 628 368 132 221 81 241 269 185 2,013 2,298 1,059 1,129 672 216 405 133 549 551 376 FUEL, MANUFACTURED. United States-. 1914 1909 States, 1914. Wisconsin All other states ^ 141 3,444 1,290 1,140 2,304 1,771 432 707 1,064 112 60 155 343 266 475 FUE GOODS. United States. 1914. 1909.. 1904.. 1899.. 1,322 9,030 1,241 11,927 867 9,370 734 7,758 484 6,947 3,233 2,120 1,994 907 325 29,677 29,249 17,990 12,484 11,116 6,33S 7,788 6,123 3,927 3,477 23,847 31,777 21, 202 14,281 11,743 43,633 55,938 37,119 25,899 20,527 1 Includes: New Mexico, 2 establishments; Wyoming, 2. 2 Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; CalHomia, 1; Connecticut, 2; Indiana, 1; Kentucky, 1; Mary- land, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 3; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 2. 2 Includes: California, 2 establishments; Colorado, 1; Illinois, 1; Indiana, 1; Michigan 1' Missouri, 2; New York, 1; Peimsylvania, 1; Washington, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 625 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. FUR GOODS— continued. States, 19U. California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia. Illinois Indiana Iowa Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Utah Washington Wisconsin , AH other states > 19 126 6 14 10 25 6 48 84 300 7 19 17 124 12 47 17 208 35 380 36 838 7 106 9 82 14 76 877 5,904 25 136 6 35 63 212 3 4 14 55 36 225 19 66 23 S360 $94 1 35 10 9 99 12 13 157 32 141 1,087 219 18 40 11 176 309 82 6 140 33 49 523 146 503 1,476 183 372 3,316 549 57 313 47 61 148 43 153 199 42 1,345 18,552 4,343 41 322 100 8 153 29 45 1,020 149 1 15 3 17 153 38 140 1,075 129 54 185 41 $200 10 39 87 870 26 186 77 476 818 2,677 93 129 80 16, 822 149 60 523 4 60 368 93 tS09 45 92 192 1,606 60 437 165 862 1,680 4,207 231 294 183 30,312 423 190 1,043 19 164 711 209 FUBNISHING GOODS, MEN'S. United Stai.es. 1914 1909 States, 19U. California Delaware Illinois ^ Indiana Iowa Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Washington Wisconsin All other states 2 551 22, 459 602 15,920 10 233 5 234 44 2,078 27 2,036 7 538 16 561 13 388 16 187 16 873 22 3,920 235 6,553 3 18 40 2,368 54 1,527 i 29 4 81 4 96 32 739 5,R80 3,983 68 79 677 630 158 94 77 104 122 1,229 1,001 11 714 567 33 42 25 249 27,888 8,415 19, 116 5,907 663 117 221 55 2,843 823 1,520 522 583 175 626 192 512 171 210 67 721 250 5,543 1,420 10,248 3,211 18 6 1,834 618 1,373 468 34 10 85 29 141 30 713 251 31,593 52, 463 26,224 42,130 441 850 210 324 3,282 5,063 1,887 2,996 688 1,201 611 1,142 789 1,269 279 420 995 1,574 3,563 6,241 13, 803 23,205 28 40 2,114 3,297 1,721 2,759 29 55 104 169 114 170 1,035 1,678 FURNITUKE. United States. 1914 3,192 3,024 2,482 1,814 127,881 123,426 110, 133 87, 262 240,665 211, 438 163,614 114,568 267,885 216,283 152,713 104, 484 71,816 62,935 49, 883 35,633 121,486 103,863 73,620 54,930 265,706 229,197 170, 447 125,316 144,220 1909.. 125, 334 1904 96, 827 1899 70, 386 'Includes: Idaho, 1 establishment; Kentucky,!; Maine,l; Montana, 4; North Dakota, 2; Rhode Island, 4; South Dakota, 2; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 1; Wyoming, 1. . „„ , „„„t, ^ ,. T„„-,i„„<. 2 Includes: Arkansas, 2 esta\)Ushments; Connecticut, 2; Georgia, 2; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana 2; Maine, 5; Minnesota, 3; New Hampshire, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 2; South Carohna, 1 ; South Dakota, 1 Tennessee, 3; Utah, 1; Vermont, 3. 626 CEsrsxJS OF manufactures: 1914. Table 333.— SUMMABY FOB INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOB 1914— Continued. YEAB AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- TinTn- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials . Value of products. Expressed in thousands. FTTRNITUBE— continued . United States — Continued. 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York" North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma O regon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Wasliington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states * United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879. 1869. 1,919 5,227 72,869 59,304 76, 510 $80,781 44,946 $35,069 23, 695 $45,369 35,860 $111,743 77,846 68,622 25,632 17,663 184 1,113 5,954 53, 031 29,680 43,400 13, 630 21,433 25,661 8,181 3,694 27,106 22,010 89 522 8,910 4,242 7,303 130 1,285 6,639 41 256 6,090 77 586 10 21 274 1,354 153 1,601 3,516 172 3,662 144 1,430 79 1,857 140 4,483 282 9 97 22 783 1,313 5 1,079 305 655 3 7 12 4 4 12 4 8 48 43 6 4 14 34 1,365 2,967 25,391 24,684 3,098 2,067 509 1,049 2 042 274 13,350 10,803 1,106 26,476 20, 343 2,927 8,611 5,561 680 15,117 10,879 1,299 31,890 21 412 197 36 2,452 16 413 1,179 681 224 349 29 1,158 2,195 1,920 679 986 2,184 17 347 583 600 172 320 759 10 111 311 241 67 127 276 45 1,998 2,892 3,477 1,012 1,823 3,784 134 6,813 10,666 18,971 3,961 5,648 13,827 192 14, 706 25,404 32, 901 8,560 12,519 30,185 58 1,473 2,915 3,199 921 1,348 3,240 6 5 121 27 2 1 8 91 3,209 6,344 6,687 1,933 3,365 7,174 9 140 245 173 79 94 218 26 745 2,984 1,398 414 723 1,554 66 2,287 3,587 4,536 1,384 2,458 6,463 729 21,497 31, 930 41,560 13,297 21,216 48,139 109 5,801 11,837 8,799 1,856 4,836 9,336 209 7,750 16,051 17, 166 4,416 7,291 16, 411 5 39 113 73 27 65 110 21 673 1,674 1,874 422 644 1,336 316 11, 760 20,424 27,641 6,394 11,243 24,147 15 139 211 186 99 100 273 3 26 77 50 13 14 31 25 577 1,848 2,037 355 502 1,237 5 52 100 48 49 43 121 15 1,035 3,241 2,005 614 764 1,643 38 1,221 2,783 1,972 520 1,080 2,085 50 544 1,407 1,309 353 452 1,098 22 560 1,628 1,326 302 649 1,278 107 11,016 19, 367 24, 791 5,633 9,749 20, 774 62 2,056 5,826 4,191 877 1,632 3,297 FURS, DRESSED. 96 1,625 93 1,241 85 1,106 92 836 26 400 192 4,134 182 ■2,903 2,275 2,103 1,260 1,063 353 86 2,490 923 1,672 806 1,296 756 798 478 267 239 3,599 1,389 3,472 1,042 1 Includes: District of Columbia, 1 establishment; Idaho, Dakota, 2; Tennessee, 56, 906 2,875 1,969 811 2,391 1,580 1,842 3,216 1,574 520 1,400 880 203 651 448 5,338 8,239 2,901 4,816 8,903 4,087 1; New Mexico, 1; North Dakota, 1; South GENERAL TABLES. 627 Table 383.— SUMMAHY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES. BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YBAE AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. FURS, DBESSED — Continued. States, 1014. Colorado Illinois Minnesota New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states ' 3 5 13 $14 |4 $2 $11 3 42 40 28 24 9 65 6 60 335 84 40 44 117 6 278 383 354 157 67 350 52 974 1,234 1,640 696 604 1,945 6 43 28 92 32 83 146 21 123 242 278 70 97 241 GALVANIZING. United States. X914 48 46 36 28 27 21 9 8 3 6 10 21 1,580 1,447 1,256 633 761 518 146 94 12 90 270 1,114 2,385 1,367 1,603 409 658 4,416 4,197 2,690 1,776 1,302 671 206 190 26 266 467 3,478 922 787 620 229 362 245 89 68 10 61 134 659 6,293 5,719 4,745 1,678 1,941 1,103 685 195 20 183 616 5,379 8,480 7,338 6,419 2,471 2,957 1,885 796 347 37 305 767 7,034 2 187 1909 1,619 1904 1,674 1899 793 1889 1,016 1879 - - - 782 1869 48 94 7 176 153 1,966 211 States, 1911 Illinois 152 17 New York 122 241 All other states 2 1,655 GAS AND ELECTRIC FIXTURES. UniUd States. 1914 460 460 263 221 108 36 39 34 20 3 50 4 65 8 6 3 15 8 15 9 25 138 38 4 44 4 7 24 10,913 11,761 8,141 6,513 6,014 3,069 2,469 1,633 241 11 436 69 1,710 246 18 25 143 66 111 156 2,096 2,867 906 21 922 24 222 885 10,028 9,655 5,192 4,631 3,846 27,629 24,007 20,207 9,479 7,219 3,248 2,723 1,318 104 11 1,471 179 3,773 648 49 13 197 113 183 222 9,726 6,129 1,490 97 1,918 28 53« 1,845 6,504 6,618 4,237 3,111 2,880 1,469 1,232 671 76 6 344 38 1,149 166 11 16 91 41 77 107 934 1,895 473 18 549 14 132 444 14,090 13,996 7,395 4,465 2,208 1,676 1,627 695 131 7 690 106 2,514 278 18 27 139 143 165 178 3,449 3,328 1,176 108 775 -22 286 682 28,740 29,844 17,660 11,480 7,826 4,330 4,062 2,258 294 19 1,495 241 5,060 713 48 69 448 272 341 487 5,229 7,703 2,218 167 1,801 51 648 1,730 14,650 1909 15,849 1904. 10,165 1899 - . 7,016 1889 5,618 1879 . . 2,654 1869 711 2,4.36 1859. - ... 1,663 1849 163 States, 19H. 15 975 74 1,890 499 28 13 120 69 104 294 1,136 1,932 1,304 30 648 15 104 778 12 California 806 136 Illinois 2,546 435 Iowa . . 30 Maryland . 42 309 129 176 Missouri 309 1,780 NewYork 4,375 Ohio 1,042 Oregon. . . 59 1,026 Rhode Island 29 362 All other states ' 1,048 'Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 3; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; North Dakota, 1; Oregon, 1; South Dakota, 1; Texas, 1; Wash- ington, 1; Wisconsin, 6. . . ,, , j „ „• ■ , ' Includes: California, 2 establishments; Connecticut, 1; Indiana, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; Missouri, 1; NewJersey, 3; Ohio, 6; Oregon, 1; West Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 1. „ , , „ t ■ " Includes: Connecticut, 7 establishments; District of Columbia, 2; Kansas, 2; Kentucky, 2; Lousiana, I; Oklahoma, 1; Tennessee, 3; Texas, 1; Utah, 1, Washington, 4. 628 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ol earners Primary estab- (average horse- lish- num- power. ments. ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. GAS, ILLUMINATING AND HEATING.' United States. IJJJ. Ijji. 1SJ3. lo-J. lisiJ. States, 1914. Alabama Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina. . . North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina. . . South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ". 1,284 1,296 1,019 877 742 390 221 30 66 8 27 8 14 19 4 75 60 113 12 13 17 18 61 3S 6 48 3 14 43 131 20 9 25 S 43,792 37,215 30,566 22, 459 12,996 8,723 5,730 962 214 59 2,317 387 1,209 125 349 560 44 3,890 1,668 768 62 232 220 1,234 3,182 2,349 1,038 113 1,342 59 354 16 244 2,205 10, 090 210 52 398 44 385 2,796 605 136 80 506 613 208 59 633 630 38 1,240 929 245,715 128,350 73, 101 31,797 26,476 2,768 461 646 22,054 1,379 5,089 168 968 1,999 224 31,058 3,707 5,394 1,644 1,178 490 1,677 11,462 34,935 4,670 196 16, 351 172 1,620 130 613 10,397 44,637 705 65 1,353 352 2,482 12,652 1,731 609 661 665 1,769 720 1,643 1,488 2,668 167 11, 169 2,147 $1,252,422 915,537 725,036 567,001 258,772 71,774 28,849 6,674 6,677 1,072 96, 147 12,434 22, 174 7,194 8,907 9,986 1,441 169,528 27,703 20,287 782 7,045 4,086 20,663 67, 697 49, 189 17,932 1,372 44,307 1,546 11,077 268 3,307 94,619 313,702 4,164 833 8,570 1,479 12, 930 70,800 10,030 1,736 2,036 13,634 12, 397 5,677 2,444 7,408 23, 639 833 29, 539 23,233 1(26,802 $76,779 20,931 62,428 17,058 37,180 12,436 20,606 8,500 14,037 6,647 10,869 2,322 3,668 391 603 129 387 41 90 , 2,023 3,422 303 662 827 1,471 76 206 183 338 279 663 32 52 2,659 8,035 958 2,611 497 1,638 37 66 131 190 152 292 398 1,405 2,141 5,951 1,684 3,356 646 1,681 56 111 844 2,143 68 95 227 606 16 24 147 324 761 4,075 5,927 21,560 102 262 29 109 262 480 23 52 310 404 1,420 6,440 477 884 68 169 57 136 292 518 354 768 141 279 32 122 306 750 487 759 21 49 722 1,816 668 1,449 $220,238 166,814 125, 145 75,717 56, 987 32,049 12,016 1,922 1,125 267 13,678 1,588 4,746 570 1,049 2,021 171 28,171 6,398 4,066 225 4,157 15,752 10,441 4,159 292 7,197 266 1,928 77 842 14,020 62,816 716 273 1,432 147 1,528 16,745 2,462 496 380 1,571 2,186 617 337 2,150 2,369 108 5,296 4,147 ' No report received for this industry in 1879. 2 Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; District of Columbia, 3; Louisiana, 4; New Mexico, 2; Wyo- ming, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 629 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. GAS MACHINES AND GAS AND "WATER METERS. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, mj,. California Illinois Indiana Iowa Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 123 4,972 126 4,767 89 2,674 113 2,160 38 998 34 15 853 664 8 21 17 199 9 333 9 26 7 148 6 21 8 325 11 1,269 12 187 14 1,226 22 1,217 5,711 4,328 1,602 974 362 197 63 119 420 33 118 18 768 1,653 311 1,191 1,017 817,822 83,310 13,659 2,897 5,601 1,632 4,602 1,185 1,603 626 1,147 397 1,061 442 82 19 1,662 149 1,103 217 103 17 278 113 87 21 1,589 219 5,792 839 650 129 4,013 793 2,573 794 $6, 118 4,995 2,613 1,943 676 637 612 20 374 257 28 129 26 395 1,515 222 1,632 1,520 J15, 184 13,308 5,031 4,391 1,839 1,334 1,462 61 1,178 629 84 444 67 1,027 4,097 560 3,608 3,429 United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1869 1849 States, 19U. Illinois Indiana '. Kansas Maryland Missouri New Jersey NewYorli Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania Virgmia West Virginia All other states ^ 348 74,502 363 68,911 399 63,969 355 52,818 294 44,892 169 24,177 154 16,367 112 9,016 94 6,668 10 3,764 41 9,390 6 364 6 1,184 7 2,248 19 6,784 22 3,089 39 10,997 12 1,270 103 23,606 4 606 63 8,889 16 3,311 163, 139 123, 132 91, 476 62,943 28,241 6,672 1,867 9,685 16,048 195 1,030 12,445 2,897 2,415 34,871 1,291 61, 399 286 14, 120 6,457 153,926 48,666 129,288 39,300 89,389 37,288 61,424 27,086 40,967 20,886 18,805 9,144 13,826 7,589 6,134 2,904 3,402 2,095 11,488 2,692 13,666 6,735 350 367 1,109 783 9,762 1,688 8,740 3,770 6,950 2,158 18,978 7,063 1,661 992 61, 475 16,214 544 328 13,763 6,673 5, 560 2,303 46,017 123,086 32,119 92,095 26,146 79,608 16, 731 66,540 12, 141 41,051 .8,029 21,165 6,864 18,468 2,914 8,776 1,667 4,642 2,808 7,680 6,905 14,881 202 729 400 1,601 1,675 3,882 2,531 7,698 1,685 5,167 7,046 19, 191 720 2,006 16, 642 39, 798 258 690 4,638 14,631 1,707 5,341 GLASS, CUTTING, STAINING, AND ORNAMENTING. United States. 1914... 635 583 463 611 279 HO 47 8,067 9,362 8,379 4,914 3,320 1,686 465 6,539 4,897 3,973 2,098 996 11,310 10,296 7,365 4,001 2,604 946 286 4,670 5,249 4,369 2,394 1,966 707 267 7,143 6,246 4,845 3,635 2,188 1,157 269 16,446 16, 101 13, 138 8,750 6,090 2,535 768 9,303 1909 9,865 1904 8,292 1899... 5,215 1889 -3,902 1879 l,37i 1869 224 499 ' Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 4; Min- nesota, 2; Nebraska, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Rhode Island, 1; South Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 2; Virgmia, 1; Wis- consin, 3. 'Includes: California, 3 establishments; Louisiana, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan, 2; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina. i- TAnnoooon !• t^^..^ •>. -nr^-T-i — i— -- 'Wisconsin, 1. 630 CEKSUS OF MANUPAOTUBES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. GLASS, CTriTING, STAINING, AND OBNAMENTING — Continued. states, 19U. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas West Virginia Wisconsin All otl^r states i 38 147 143 11 349 278 56 911 385 9 219 361 6 36 146 7 55 6 35 198 114 12 125 127 15 163 71 18 224 195 41 672 339 182 2,148 1,259 40 481 360 4 21 48 104 2,002 1,368 7 25 14 6 26 54 4 28 11 15 86 103 25 161 117 $378 $130 497 163 1,080 616 392 134 15 15 45 26 192 137 152 88 156 89 429 142 1,025 343 2,754 1,326 609 295 156 14 2,911 949 22 15 40 20 57 10 93 44 407 115 $252 201 941 335 18 29 96 161 96 116 649 1,648 428 10 1,687 14 30 35 69 329 $651 493 2,042 516 44 71 372 291 283 395 1,601 4,362 979 44 3,444 45 72 61 167 623 GLOVES AND MITTENS, LEATHER. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. California Illinois Indiana Iowa Massachusetts Minnesota New York Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin All other states 2 352 10,668 377 11,364 339 10,645 394 14,345 324 8,187 300 7,697 4,058 221 126 110 1,429 1,938 422 24 28 1,371 4 176 8 195 5 42 6 8 216 6,026 7 78 6 52 24 1,711 25 687 3,357 2,889 2,726 2,166 958 68 797 96 94 6 5 ,098 30 17 670 487 17,080 16,909 10,706 9,090 5,978 3,380 2,341 595 181 2,048 194 676 32 9 9,395 90 111 2,621 905 4,558 4,764 3,840 4,183 2,670 1,656 981 330 233 203 646 65 85 24 3 2,697 24 29 12, 171 13,208 10,001 9,483 6,021 4,351 1,884 538 323 458 1,687 163 359 3S 6 7,080 80 79 1,746 478 21,614 23,631 17, 740 16,926 10, 104 7,380 3,999 1,177 961 2,774 272 626 93 12 12,845 123 148 2,922 GLUCOSE AND STARCH. United States. 1914 89 118 140 132 - 87 146 103 107 146 4,509 4,773 4,679 5,943 4,627 '.,311 2,072 1,073 684 1909 28 257 1904 35,986 26,642 20,989 1899 1889. . . 1879 1869 i 4 647 18593 1849" 43,642 3,550 38,866 2,666 24,063 2,641 62,683 2,856 10,920 1,861 7,583 1,525 2,742 901 2,062 299 693 193 40,208 36,899 25,519 21,580 10,183 7,956 3,885 1,380 799 52,615 48,799 32,060 30,927 16, 691 12,029 6,004 2,8:3 1,261 , 2, 1 Includes: Colorado, 1 establishment; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 3; Kansas 1: Kentucky, Louisiana, 1; Maine, 2, Nebraska, 2; North Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, '2; Washington, .. 2 Includes: Colorado, 2 establishments; Cormecticut, 2; Majyland, 2; Michigan, 3; Missouri 2' New Hamp- shire, 3; New Jersey, 1; Ohio, 6; Oregon, 1; Virginia, 3. ' ' ' Starch only. GENERAL TABLES. 631 Table 223.-SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. GLUCOSE AND STABCH — continued. Slates, 19U. Maine Minnesota All other states ' U4 14 4,381 1,660 292 39,797 $714 114 42,814 $56 9 3,485 $486 62 39,661 $629 86 61,900 GLUE, NOT ELSEWHEEE SPECITIED. United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. Illinois Indiana Massachusetts New York Pemisylvania All other states' 67 3,129 65 3,265 58 2,864 61 1,618 62 1,697 82 1,801 70 860 62 876 47 391 9 968 3 71 11 563 9 381 8 619 17 627 13,304 16,596 14,280 6,«06 4,912 1,051 3,316 365 1,481 2,082 1,628 4,442 17, 162 1,864 14,289 1,571 10,673 1,629 6,144 686 4,859 676 3,917 600 1,956 310 1,053 306 520 99 5,552 614 356 30 2,956 294 2,459 249 2,820 290 3,019 377 9,368 13,733 7,525 13,718 6,186 10,035 3,767 5,389 2,511 4,270 2,786 4,324 883 1,710 537 1,186 372 652 2,385 3,731 157 280 1,789 2,689 1,942 2,483 1,418 2,029 1,677 2,621 GOLD And SILTER, LEAF AND TOIL. United States. 1914 79 88 83 93 81 60 51 23 6 10 13 38 12 1,135 1,383 1,402 1,163 1,405 955 613 226 146 120 149 245 475 360 259 278 149 336 1,174 1,184 1,072 1,087 1,105 499 413 140 97 97 67 302 621 498 637 663 499 698 411 264 78 74 63 54 125 182 1,452 1,518 1,476 1,604 1,836 1,012 622 300 147 134 128 440 603 2,432 2,630 2,695 2,666 2,978 1,614 1,411 481 267 233 230 704 1,008 980 1909 1904 1 219 1899 1,062 1889 1,143 602 1879 1869 98 789 1859 181 States, 1914. Illinois 66 31 41 77 145 110 Massachusetts . 99 102 New York.. 264 All other states " 405 GOLD AND SIVEE, EEDUCING AND REFINING, NOT FEOM THE GEE. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1879.. 78 456 62 456 41 287 57 219 38 883 28 304 12 165 4,407 391 3,894 346 2,326 206 1,944 141 4,763 626 817 179 292 110 25,709 21, 984 17,638 10, 932 30,005 9,129 673 28,588 23,612 18, 724 11,812 32,036 9,548 849 ' Includes: California, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 3; Florida, 1; Rlinois, 5; Indiana, 3; Iowa, 3; Mary- tod, 1; Massachusetts, 4; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 1; New York, 2; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 1; Wisconsin, 1. ' Includes: California, 3 establishments; Connecticut, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Ohio, 5; Wisconsin, 2. 'Includes: Califomia, 2establishm6nts;_Connectisut,_2; Maryland, 1; Pennsylvania, 4; Rhode Island, 3. 632 CENSUS OF MANUFACTtTRES : 1914. Table 223 SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ol earners estab- (average lish- nnm- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. GOLD AND SILVER, REDUCING AND REFINING, NOT FROM THE ORE — Continued. States, 1911 Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island All other states ' . . - 7 21 H 179 13 39 5 8 IS 73 24 136 90 720 160 54 247 964 $168 S17 1,621 147 578 36 48 6 1,006 52 986 133 $286 9,001 2,164 191 2,960 11, 107 $338 10, 078 2,760 222 3,290 11,900 GRAPHITE, GROUND AND REFINED. United States.' 1914 11 9 11 11 3 4 260 162 218 137 18 89 2,602 1,472 922 805 66 3,069 1,786 478 411 39 113 181 89 108 64 9 35 723 405 117 217 26 144 1,724 1,140 342 429 55 210 1,001 1909 735 1904 225 1S99 212 1889 29 1879 66 GREASE And tallow, not including lubricating greases. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 1914. California Delaware Dlinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Utah : Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 369 5,106 363 4,357 300 3,628 287 2,040 233 1,470 156 62 1,091 442 18 99 9 66 3 22 39 772 22 143 6 33 4 29 7 73 33 622 9 112 11 39 38 218 41 1,027 34 400 50 590 4 114 3 1 5 213 10 50 41 582 17, 947 14, 613 11, 738 8,031 3,785 233 338 28 2,213 414 241 173 428 1,244 466 209 631 4,076 2,010 1,795 312 793 225 2,351 18,928 3,612 16, 676 2,629 10,284 2,114 7,071 1,067 4,336 794 2,667 556 842 185 290 40 353 69 42 13 3,344 564 342 88 121 22 118 18 137 36 2,600 420 496 83 150 30 661 129 3,904 812 1,088 270 2,579 368 375 80 1 1 387 106 170 40 2,170 383 17,061 24,«)1 16, 643 23,419 12,369 18, 815 8,752 11,963 6,136 7,475 11, 779 13,730 6,115 6,036 972 1,268 319 438 42 62 3,435 4,761 133 338 53 99 225 265 207 361 1,829 2,668 240 425 130 208 821 1,186 3,821 5,518 671 1,216 2,332 3,130 318 493 3 7 469 671 251 326 1,762 2,730 1 Includes: California, 5 establishments; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 3; Illinois, 4; Iowa, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1: Ohio, 2; Washington, 1: Wisconsin, 1. 2 Includes in 1914: Alabama, 1 establishment; Georgia, 1; Michigan, 1; New Jersey, 1; New York, 3; Pennsylvania, 3; Wisconsin, 1. ' Includes: Colorado, 2 establishments; Connecticut, 9; District of Columbia, 1; Florida, 1; Georgia, 1; Kansas, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 6; Missouri, 8; Nebraska, 3; New Hampshire, 2; Oregon, 1; South Da- kota, 1; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 1; Vermont, 1; Washington, 1. GENEEAL TABLES. 633 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOU INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAB AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. QBINDSTONES. United States, •1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 ,..- 18591 1849 States, 1914. Ohio All other states ' 14 686 2,160 $1,979 $323 $116 $684 14 1,394 6,700 4,939 638 468 1,688 23 706 2,602 1,869 275 264 788 25 1,167 2,677 903 407 264 1,089 9 124 308 79 52 35 122 14 10 231 236 125 84 57 60 86 34 185 164 136 11 3 10 145 10 646 101 5 1,355 42 5 255 13 10 61 67 17 488 1,866 4 140 294 624 68 56 196 HAIECLOTH. United States. 1914. 19 14 15 4 595 638 466 129 1,723 995 1,186 537 2,945 2,281 2,057 888 290 252 233 67 1,664 1,614 1,324 330 2,396 2,230 1,938 457 741 1909. 616 States, 1914: 614 127 HAIB ■WOEK. United States. 1914. 206 250 125 158 492 299 230 44 25 14 5 27 6 6 3 90 7 16 6 27 1,193 3,534 863 820 1,397 1,172 1,661 165 108 62 28 176 16 12 10 636 27 93 6 128 68 218 62 23 2 2,543 4,716 1,132 760 1,363 613 767 73 34 44 42 379 12 10 7 1,603 23 232 13 178 581 1,610 336 287 490 323 416 44 26 39 11 97 7 6 6 296 13 60 3 54 1,529 6,081 728 496 846 667 883 78 36 29 8 -282 14 6 8 1,033 8 76 4 62 3,336 11,216 1,782 1,406 2,489 1,468 1,972 237 90 120 32 602 42 26 25 2,023 46 219 12 188 1,806 1909 5,135 1904 1,054 1899 .... 910 1889. 1,643 1879 801 1869..'. 62 1,089 1859« 159 1849S 54 States, 1914. California 7 11 6 i 4 27 91 24 Illinois 320 Massachusetts 28 21 Missouri 17 New York 990 Ohio . 38 Pennsylvania 10 143 Utah... 8 2 126 ' Grindstones, and grindstone quarrying. ' Includes: Maine, 1 establishment; Michigan, 2; Pennsylvama, 1. ' Includes: New York, 3 estabUshments; Rhode Island, 1. * Wigs and hair work. ' Wigs and curls. _ _ . ^ ' Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; District of Columbia, 1; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; KansM, 1; Ken- tucky, 3; Maine, 2; Maryland, 2; Minnesota, 1; Nebraska, 2; New Jersey, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 3; Tennessee, 2; Wisconsin, 2. 634 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: IQ'U. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 191t-Contmued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials, Value of products. Expressed in thousands. HAMMOCKS. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. Massachusetts Pennsylvania All other states i 14 285 15 272 14 271 13 339 6 80 5 82 4 30 3 163 7 92 321 157 171 113 56 158 107 $608 S119 344 95 290 91 31 )« 102 6« 15 22 18 54 24 422 62 132 33 $361 311 190 243 27 62 46 204 111 $671 578 447 480 60 110 114 368 189 HAND STAMPS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. California Colorado District of Columbia. Geor^a Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Washington All other states 2 277 1,321 266 1,272 224 976 268 1,052 234 705 46 163 8 29 20 102 5 15 3 22 5 14 25 178 5 37 6 7 3 4 3 1 15 71 8 19 7 34 11 44 47 207 18 39 3 7 ■ 28 228 4 7 5 10 10 36 46 239 973 644 329 306 113 85 10 7 3 156 21 2 21 20 11 15 28 98 26 4 252 2 4 33 175 2,273 848 1,879 727 1,232 512 1,204 490 999 344 103 83 14 10 261 75 16 11 36 13 21 9 394 122 33 20 8 6 4 3 1 92 47 14 13 31 24 44 28 263 132 63 26 9 5 635 149 5 4 23 8 52 26 278 127 1,093 925 565 523 433 104 11 85 7 33 7 170 10 4 3 1 40 14 25 37 188 33 6 199 2 12 31 186 2,904 2,018 1,938 1,584 319 43 335 40 65 36 540 53 20 12 4 167 47 89 114 568 112 29 533 11 37 94 477 HAEDWAEE. United States. 1911 . 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879. 1869. 1859- 1849. 539 41,213 649 38,513 445 31,713 381 26, 463 350 18, 495 492 16,801 580 14,236 443 10, 721 340 7,030 53,411 41, 821 33,417 22,668 12, 987 9,014 92, 302 22,583 74,200 19,426 52,884 14,581 39,312 11,423 26,272 8,656 15,364 6,847 13,869 6,846 6,707 3,444 3,539 1,974 29,071 25,515 16,631 14,605 10, 186 10,098 9,188 4,403 3,016 73,320 64,912 45, 770 35,847 26,726 22, 654 22,237 10,903 6,958 1 Includes: District of Columbia, 1 establishment; Illinois, 2; Maine, 1; Wisconsin, 3. 2 Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Arkansas, 2; Connecticut, 6; Louisiana, 1; Maine 3; Mary- laud, 2; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 3; New Oklahoma, 2; South Carolina, 2; Tennessee, sin, 4. Hampshire, 2; New Jersey, 3; North Carolina, 3; North Dakota, 1; ssec, 3; Utah, 2; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 2; West Virginia, 1; Wlsoon- GENERAL TABLES. 635 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914-Contmued. oAii^o, TEAR AND STATE. Num- ber Of estab- lish- Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary- horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. HARDWABE — Continued. States, 1914. Alabama California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maryland Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states!... 71 132 19,004 4,035 103 543 112 742 212 1,891 2,616 4,803 5,112 417 1,420 118 397 19,317 4,853 136 634 164 879 375 3,239 4,123 8,687 6,980 647 2,862 152 242 41,942 10,991 267 1,168 194 1,179 502 3,751 6,840 8,880 12,308 855 3,131 S29 80 10,230 2,388 51 302 60 440 101 907 1,674 2,909 2,361 224 827 S48 118 10,026 4,390 88 436 97 649 206 1,426 2,896 4,163 3,105 274 1,149 S99 286 28,808 10,407 221 939 199 1,691 427 3,544 6,375 9,070 7,688 793 2,873 HAEDWAEE, SADDI/EEY. United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. California New Jersey Pennsylvania Texas All other states 2. . . . 58 2,511 4,134 5,353 1,248 1,790 4,040 73 3,309 4,879 5,554 1,560 2,014 5,181 82 3,395 3,466 4,319 1,624 1,830 4,821 80 2,940 2,986 3,335 1,217 1,690 4,149 102 2,917 1,932 3,376 1,260 1,625 4,118 64 ■ 2,815 1,656 960 1,851 1,258 '3,651 3,227 155 2,566 949 1,482 1,062 3 12 3 565 1 223 4 625 224 308 153 6 21 107 73 14 17 42 3 10 31 22 9 6 24 34 2,256 3,688 4,690 1,072 1,543 3,445 HAT AND CAP MATERIALS. United States. 1914 . 98 74 65 70 73 64 62 5 3 13 57 5 20 1,775 2,367 2,414 1,371 1,589 1,215 1,014 22 8 360 913 33 461 2,954 2,922 2,239 1,770 1,968 6,417 6,183 4,265 1,744 1,710 747 1,169 8 6 1,350 3,343 243 1,475 804 947 849 434 698 464 537 6 6 148 451 15 184 5,052 5,380 4,217 2,798 2,059 1,325 2,075 13 1 798 2,652 284 1,317 6,929 8,236 6,440 3,849 3,466 2,217 3,226 28 13 1,148 3,715 371 1,682 1,877 2,856 2 223 1909 1904... 1899 1^051 1 407 1889 1879 892 1869 s 671 1,151 1859' 15 States, 1914. Illinois. - 1 704 986 4 1,259 12 New Jersey 350 New York. 1,063 87 Pennsylvania All other states = 365 * Includes: Delaware, 1 establishment; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 3; Massachusetts, 30; Minnesota, 8; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 3; North Carolina, 1; Oklahoma, 2; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 4; Ten- nessee, 1; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont, 2; Washington, 1. ' Includes: Connecticut, 5 establishments; Idaho, 1; Illinois, 5: Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New York, 3; Ohio, 4; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 2; Tennes- see, t; V^finont, 1; Wisconsin, 3. « Hat materials. '"Hatters' trimmings," "hat tips," and "cap fronts." 'Includes: Califorpia, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 15; Massachusetts, 2; Missouri,!; Rhode Island, 1. 636 CENSUS OP MANUFACTTTEES : 1914. Table 383.-SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials, Value of products. Expressed in thousands. HATS AND CAPS, OTHER THAN FELT, STRAW, AND WOOL. United States. 1914 1909 1901 States, 1914. California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states i 580 7,322 494 6,201 415 6,694 15 97 9 94 3 6 36 465 22 102 38 288 5 73 9 127 13 212 17 246 293 4,187 28 431 66 756 5 70 21 168 1,339 990 797 113 13 31 16,847 f4,508 5,275 3,421 4,185 3,354 114 64 133 56 19 4 288 305 96 58 195 168 89 49 65 53 197 133 354 172 3,839 2,643 432 224 816 446 58 43 152 90 89,^8 6,690 6,308 117 121 9 517 96 404 107 160 356 287 5,423 574 861 73 163 818,593 13,689 12,956 274 288 17 1,127 230 737 217 241 581 608 10,946 1,040 1,759 153 375 HATS, rUR-rELT. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 States, i9H. California Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey Xew York Ohio Pennsylvania Texas All othej- states 2 224 21,318 273 25,064 216 22,047 171 18,880 6 58 58 5,461 9 43 10 629 6 114 41 4,401 39 3,563 7 27 27 6,714 3 13 18 295 20, 851 19, 245 16,630 11,843 16 6,029 22 976 24 4,722 2,388 13 6,241 10 410 39,401 12,071 35,734 14,223 23, 258 11,282 16, 701 9,119 54 39 6,167 3,057 56 28 1,422 279 ^i 73 5,266 2,603 6,295 1,864 29 19 19,626 3,934 22 12 476 173 16,947 22, 109 15,975 13,514 92 4,633 53 470 202 3,708 3,491 47 3,889 8 354 37,350 47,866 36,629 27,811 157 9,476 118 866 321 7,969 6,637 91 11,041 30 646 HATS, STRAW. United States 1914 1909 1904 ,. States, 1914. California Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states ^ 149 9,483 98 8,814 68 5,667 3 7 7 65 7 2,173 19 2,383 5 159 6 382 76 3,158 9 343 17 813 5,248 3,482 2,366 1 16 1,307 1,857 42 193 1,111 74 648 12,589 5,253 11,538 4,471 6,036 2,434 7 3 101 42 2,691 1,040 2,906 1,451 343 81 563 201 4,166 1,857 487 162 1,425 416 14,086 11, 468 5,610 87 2,392 3,205 348 392 5,890 649 1,117 25, 444 21,424 10,357 18 211 4,826 6,762 731 844 10, 182 1,011 1,869 1 Includes: Colorado, 2 establishments; District of Columbia, 1; Indiana, 3; Iowa, 2; Kentucky, 2; Nebraska, 2; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 3; Virginia, 1; Washington, 3. 2 Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; Delaware, 1; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 1; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 2 Includes: Colorado, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 3; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 2; Kansas, 1; Michigan,!; Minnesota, 1; Ohio, 3; Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 2. GENEEAL TABLES. 637 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED ST'ATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost ol materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. HATS, WOOL-FELT. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 19U. Illinois New York Pennsylvania All other states i 30 1,249 31 1,986 17 1,503 24 2,108 32 3,600 43 5,470 6 18 7 365 11 469 7 407 3,091 2,621 1,847 2,324 3,295 3,992 223 1,141 1,072 655 $2,609 S600 2,47.6 988 1,646 619 2,051 938 4,142 1,250 3,616 1,893 19 11 1,152 178 614 175 824 236 $978 2,472 1,370 2,042 2,802 4,786 25 195 438 320 $1,944 4,382 2,457 3,692 5,330 8,517 65 414 777 688 $966 1,910 1,087 1,650 2,528 3,731 40 219 339 368 HONES AND WHETSTONES. UnUed States. 2 1914 . . . 16 18 17 18 9 25 39 15 170 152 220 189 57 225 286 48 864 677 684 593 160 499 382 423 217 98 133 165 25 64 72 94 73 19 53 80 12 87 110 103 64 6 92 75 7 260 268 308 196 64 224 269 36 173 1909 158 1904. 205 1899 132 1889 48 1879. 132 1869 184 1869 29 HORSESHOES, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS. 3 914.. 909. 904.. 859. United States. States, 1914. Illinois All other states ' 22 588 19 293 8 232 7 231 4 474 10 93 3 36 19 553 1,984 1,045 1,014 546 2,790 171 1,813 2,437 362 1,396 166 1,227 127 463 117 1,299 242 20 35 203 31 2,234 331 356 266 211 519 46 164 ' 536 1,786 1,016 799 498 1,110 106 287 1,499 1,096 659 543 287 591 60 133 963 HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS. United States. 914. 909. 904. 879.. 869.. 859.. 1,622 150, 520 1,374 129,275 1,144 104,092 1,006 83,691 824 59, 774 398 30,699 248 14,788 197 9,103 85 2,325 125,842 103, 709 78, 769 67,346 34,564 11, 561 6,498 216, 826 163, 641 106,943 82, 066 50,686 15, 732 10,931 4,036 545 69, 768 44,740 31,615 24,434 16,614 6,839 4,429 1,662 360 146,687 110, 241 76,789 51, 195 36,950 15,460 9,836 3,202 415 258, 913 200, 143 137,076 96,834 67,447 29,614 18, 412 7,281 1,028 112, 226 89, 902 60,287 44,639 31,497 14, 164 8,576 4,079 613 ' Includes: Georgia, 1 establishment; Massachusetts, 2; Minnesota, 1; New Jersey, 1; Oklahoma, 1; 2 Includes in 1914: Arkansas, 2 establishments; CaUfornia, 1; Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 1; Illinois, 1; Indiana, 3; New Hampshire, 2; New Jersey, 2; New York, 2; Vermont, 1. ' Included under other classifications in 1869 and 1879. ^. , ., .. , „ v, »* o. iih„m 'Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; District of Columbia, 1; Indiana 1; Massachusetts, 3, Michl- gan, 1; Minnesota, 2; New Jersey, 1; New York, 2; Pennsylvania, 4; Rhode Island, 1; Wisconsm, 2. ,638 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 233.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. HOSiEKT AND KNIT GOODS— Continued. SlaU3, 19U. Alabama CalUomia Connecticut Delaware Georgia Illinois Indiana Maine Maryland; Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states ' 5 781 16 405 25 2,904 3 496 22 3,468 46 3,535 11 2,338 9 71 10 1,077 77 10,635 34 2,714 13 2,088 20 3,328 62 4,025 483 40,095 74 7,787 38 3,411 498 41,130 23 2,030 6 771 26 6,690 11 183 7 963 13 2,272 10 60 68 6,244 12 2,019 738 146 3,365 185 3,386 2,531 1,985 127 443 12,309 3,373 2,149 2,722 2.516 41, 127 7,879 2,740 23, 861 1,802 589 4,754 47 870 1,343 28 3,629 1,198 $733 8176 871 197 5,796 1,296 230 148 3,780 996 7,714 1,546 3,969 1,022 202 32 1,141 344 15,509 4,737 5,296 1,006 3,733 892 3,919 1,303 6,813 2,244 67,472 17,814 8,227 2,045 7,136 1,502 45,723 15,382 3,164 887 735 187 6,064 1,527 376 66 1,395 484 2,014 761 157 27 10,953 2,448 2,704 700 $447 424 2,727 314 3,063 4,067 2,029 82 644 9,267 2,610 2,526 2,379 3,33^ 43,860 6,410 5,033 37,756 2,405 499 4,399 283 1,404 2,108 74 7,025 1,517 $764 902 5,222 506 4,893 7,367 3,748 145 1,116 17,419 5,233 4,665 4,283 7,850 78,229 8,892 8,654 64,153 4,192 749 7,523 628 2,165 3,516 167 13,292 2,740 nOUSE-rUENISHING GOODS, NOT ELSEWHEEE SPECIFIED. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 19H. California Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin AH other states * 370 6,935 260 4,907 237 4,778 209 5,212 133 3,417 48 692 15 44 46 506 7 6 4 38 29 444 5 31 9 44 143 2,763 26 320 32 569 7 79 47 2,101 11,731 9,328 8,748 8,631 4,553 291 698 8 38 814 6 325 2,617 895 639 381 5,019 19,014 3,307 12,784 2,035 9,872 1,880 10,634 1,838 6,940 1,607 457 217 108 34 1,384 254 8 3 38 26 1,031 203 41 19 260 28 6,587 1,344 1,059 162 1,615 207 244 40 6,639 987 17, 391 12,371 9,627 9,198 4,833 812 124 1,522 6 37 844 33 130 8,058 996 1,294 244 4,103 26,463 18,509 15,011 14,278 8,347 1,332 214 3,079 1,350 77 223 10,908 1,430 1,882 363 6,811 1 Includes: Iowa, 3 establishments; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 3; Mississippi, 1; North Dakota, 1; Oregon, 1; West Virginia, 1. 2 Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 5; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 2; Kentucky, 3; Maine, 1; Michigan, 10; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 10; North Carolina, 3; Oklahoma, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee, 3; Texas, 1; Vermont, 1. GENEBAL TABLES. 639 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE TOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. ' TRiE AND STATE. Num- ber Of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. ICE, MANUFACTUEED. ,914.. 909., 1904., 1899., 1889., 1879., United States. States, 1914. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois -.. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts... Michigan Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . . South Carolina.. Utah Virginia. West Virginia All other states i . 2,543 23,011 2,004 16, 114 1,320 10, 101 775 6,880 222 2,826 35 447 4 97 55 478 27 203 65 424 95 1,139 32 231 5 86 18 151 92 760 74 890 10 42 128 1,312 106 926 34 192 101 634 93 766 76 782 62 532 6 57 11 443 58 476 117 1,059 18 102 3 9 71 621 15 76 111 1,407 61 519 132 1,277 97 528 27 106 189 2,124 36 368 70 927 255 1,926 10 38 87 714 32 159 47 364 17 163 461,988 317,789 191, 660 100, 421 20,264 72 8,200 3,153 11,052 20,411 4,793 1,346 1,694 12,475 15,524 822 26,183 11,663 3,469 17,228 12, 568 12,078 11,463 2,400 4,433 8,439 26,787 1,704 452 13, 658 2,115 37,746 8,329 27,978 15, 195 2,660 43,937 5,271 13,056 42,271 1,505 13,057 3,080 8,380 5,423 l«174,309 $14, 841 118,641 9,779 66,592 5,549 38,020 3,403 9,846 1,096 1,251 141 434 41 2,712 204 1,494 186 2,920 238 15,986 982 2,498 181 800 64 700 93 4,373 446 8,342 454 478 38 8,212 970 4,986 553 1,928 150 4,536 436 5,133 350 4,360 442 3,639 325 321 49 1,409 389 1,856 219 9,260 748 902 68 274 12 4,418 434 809 48 12,251 1,176 2,737 263 10,248 904 3,715 353 1,224 92 20,618 1,289 1,909 164 4,557 492 12,698 1,138 919 41 4,215 378 1,869 147 2,551 200 2,452 125' $17,755 $60,386 11,317 42,953 6,011 23,790 3,312 13,781 941 4,901 158 545 82 258 271 1,201 271 807 345 1,115 926 3,687 182 664 63 192 59 294 617 2,203 611 2,065 23 112 1,005 3,389 638 2,029 202 579 607 1,795 440 1,472 676 1,962 422 1,563 76 180 128 765 327 1,046. 1,041 3,107 121 330 21 43 627 1,656 52 232 1,667 4,897 342 1,126 876 3,134 402 1,604 118 376 1,453 5,194 266 818 405 1,762 1,660 5,328 43 228 501 1,796 144 551 185 756 142 538 INK, PEINTING.2 United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 '.. 1889 1869 1859 States, 1914. Illinois New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states » 70 1,391 71 1,121 60 711 60 503 35 380 16 155 16 79 9 54 9 278 26 489 7 254 9 151 10 165 7,821 5,857 3,384 1,895 1,261 303 345 1,346 3,003 1,913 341 873 11,943 1,064 7,144 773 4,610 475 2,945 298 1,863 270 343 100 246 33 363 38 2,223 207 4,146 404 2,689 196 1,206 106 1,316 113 6,806 4,175 2,613 1,636 1,146 354 499 951 2,645 1,354 823 773 13,830 8,865 5,774 3,080 2,377 600 604 2,095 6,170 2,764 1,052 1,245 ' Includes: District of Columbia, 8 establishments; Miimesota, 2; Montana, 1; Rhode Island, 2; South Dakota, 1; Wisconsin, 2; Wyoming, 1. ' Not shown separately in 1879. 'Includes: California, 2 estabUshments; Georgia, 2; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 1; Mis- souri, 1; Tennessee, 1. 640 CENSUS OF MANUPACrUBES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOB, INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. INK, WKITING.' United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1869 1859 States, 19H. California Missouri New York Pennsylvania All other states ^ 64 512 47 506 42 480 44 285 38 381 26 160 13 66 3 1 4 12 13 164 6 16 28 319 612 169 224 174 37 401 $2,464 J263 2,114 203 1,287 170 877 114 792 150 276 46 33 18 5 1 36 6 957 89 47 6 1,420 161 $1,236 1,078 858 673 619 176 45 36 799 $2,784 2,605 1,881 1,293 1,128 366 120 7 67 892 62 1,756 INSTRUMENTS, PEOrESSIONAL AND SCTENTIFIC. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849= States, 1914. California Illinois Maryland Massachusetts New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other .states * 307 7,107 263 4,817 225 3,437 261 2,775 233 1,978 171 1,099 135 1,173 116 742 129 968 11 68 30 1,104 5 24 23 699 88 2,243 28 457 57 796 65 1,826 6,799 4,866 2,110 2,471 941 332 80 1,065 36 679 1,681 436 808 2,014 16, 742 4,662 11,724 2,925 6,383 1,823 4,476 1,429 2,996 1,192 1,342 589 1,838 650 827 294 432 356 230 40 2,809 814 37 13 1,369 417 5,554 1,457 943 254 1,692 461 4,108 1,196 5,582 2,918 1,360 1,363 698 444 417 240 248 62 1,121 10 550 1,640 247 391 1,571 17,495 10,504 6,378 4,863 3,272 1,639 1,724 1,026 156 3,970 39 1,262 5,368 868 1,654 4,178 IRON AND STEEL, BLAST niRNACES. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879. 1869. 1859. 1849. United Stites. 160 29,366 208 38,429 190 35, 078 223 39,241 304 33,415 341 386 41,695 27,554 286 16,927 404 21,054 1, 222, 273 1,173,422 773,278 497, 272 248,928 63,900 462,282 22,781 487,581 24,607 236, 146 18,936 143,169 18,484 129,647 14, 614 89,631 12,666 66,145 12,475 24,673 4,645 16,648 5,011 264,680 320,638 178,942 131,604 110, 099 68, 620 45, 498 12,293 7,538 317,654 391,429 231,823 206, 757 145, 643 89, 316 69,640 20,870 13,492 1 Not shown separately in 1879. 2 iQjludes: Colorado, 1 establishment; Conuecticut, 2; Illinois, 6; Indiana, 2; Kentucky, 2; Massachu- setts^; Michigan, 3; Minnesota, 2; New Jersey, 1; Ohio, 2; Washington, 2; Wisconsin, 2. 3 "Electromagnetic instruments," "mathematical instruments," and "surgical instruments." ^ Inclades: Colorado, 3 establishments; Connecticut, 6; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Indiana, 4; Iowa 1; Maine, 1; Michigan, 8; Missouri, 4; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 19; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 2; WashingtoQ, 2; Wisconsin, 8. GENEKAL TABLES. 641 TABLE 223— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. ' TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. IRON AND STEEL, BLAST FtTBNACES— Continued. States, 1914. Alabama Illinois Alichigan New York Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ . . . 15 3,547 5 1,450 12 991 8 1,832 33 5,786 62 11,518 6 503 8 689 5 482 16 2,558 742 $1,985 «9« 1,348 803 782 913 1,325 470 5,171 585 9,337 93'/ 233 Z50 352 52.5 398 361 1,860 $13, 891 21, 794 3,877 16,287 60, 739 115, 501 1,682 3,282 3,252 24,275 120,066 25, 862 6,450 18,486 72, 969 135, 806 2,246 3,772 3,793 29,206 $6,175 4,068 1,573 2,199 12,236 20, 305 563 490 541 4,930 IRON AND STEEL, STEEL WORKS AND ROLUNG MILLS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. Califomja Delaware Illinois Indiana Kentucky Massachusetts Michigan , Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 427 248,716 2,706,663 446 240,076 2,100,978 416 207,562 1,649,299 445 183,249 1,100,801 416 137, 766 535,430 461 99, 103 60,001 1,244 4'>7 7 6,833 6 818 3,645 25 15,408 178,709 19 11,106 88, 724 6 1,987 34,405 11 2,889 28,607 9 718 4,688 3 1,237 7,062 16 4,639 36,971 24 10, 788 149,462 70 46,397 642,968 178 131,965 1,270,642 15 5,348 63,002 12 2,029 16,215 28 12,163 176,830 1,258,371 188, 142 590,826 1,004,735 163,201 657, 601 700, 182 122,492 441,204 430, 232 102,336 390,895 276,224 74, 669 217,174 120,374 42,796 132,651 65, 627 27,040 90,028 4,460 1,069 2,673 2,386 454 932 75,267 12,968 39,938 83,885 9,620 37,067 4,971 1,279 7,156 13,460 1,903 8,802 2,482 498 871 6,281 954 1,887 36,062 2,969 5,185 77,383 7,664 18,217 232,225 38,004 139,676 601,245 96,926 286,382 21,975 4,826 14,668 6,172 1,293 3,555 92,127 7,725 24,838 918, 665 985, 723 673,966 597, 212 333, OH 207,242 137,568 4,214 1,669 64,995 68,883 9,078 11,378 1,716 3,363 10, 420 32,078 205,023 448,106 21,186 6,009 40,549 327, 839 328, 222 232, 761 206,317 116,870 74,591 47,540 1,541 737 25,057 21,826 1,923 2,574 845 1,476 6,235 13, 861 65,347 162, 724 6,628 2,4.54 15,711 IRON AND STEEL, BOLTS, NUTS, "WASHERS, AND RIVETS, NOT MADE IN STEEL "WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 1914. Connecticut , Illinois Indiana Massachusetts New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island All other states = 102 10,668 28,897 108 11,345 22,113 88 8,090 13,825 72 7,660 9,1«6 82 6,965 8,727 100 93 5,064 4,423 3,223 54 1,504 14 606 1,894 8 470 1,019 6 473 2,242 8 1,292 2,073 3 168 400 7 1,305 3,102 16 2,365 6,167 25 2,647 8,796 5 645 1,298 12 787 1,906 35,602 6,961 30,250 5,793 18,913 3,642 10,800 2,992 10,790 3,004 4,933 1,981 4,263 1,665 1,236 426 1,943 318 1,359 299 1,914 352 2,270 764 785 95 5,316 688 6,020 1,323 10,911 1,241 2,354 338 2,731 543 12,913 23,403 12,804 24,485 7,807 14,687 8,071 13,978 6,746 12,373 6,097 10,073 4,021 7,191 989 2,176 491 1,048 769 1,283 907 1,485 1,041 2,267 162 264 1,387 2,952 2,602 4,651 4,145 6,562 389 988 1,020 1,913 10,490 11,681 6,880 6,907 5,627 3,976 3,170 1,187 557 614 678 1,226 92 1,565 2,049 2,417 699 893 'Includes: California, 1 establishment: Colorado, 1; Connecticut^ 1; Indiana, 2; Kentucky. 2; Mary" and, 2; Massachusetts, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 2; West Virginia, 2. ^Includes: Alabama, 6 establishments; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 4; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Maine, ]; Maryland, 3; Minnesota, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 3; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 1; Virginia 2; Washington, 1. ' Includes; Alabama, 1 establishment; California, 2; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 3; Missoiu-i, 1; Oregon, 2; Washington, 1; Wisconsin, i. 642 CEHrSUS OF MANUFACTUKES : 1914. Table 833.— SUMMAEY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR TEE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOE 1914— Continued. TEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. IKON AND STEEL, CAST-IEON PIPE. United States. KH 1909 States, 1914. Alabama New Jersey New York: Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ' 69 12,557 52 12,228 20 3,696 9 3,421 3 213 8 1,417 7 1,836 12 1,976 25,864 18,737 6,130 4,785 293 7,387 4,062 3,207 S26,981 $7,076 23,110 6,502 5,384 2,054 7,509 1,991 401 124 4,267 888 5,241 1,028 4,179 991 $16,930 18,884 3,907 4,784 186 2,062 3,295 2,696 $26,659 29,154 6,754 7,363 371 3,355 4,551 4,275 IRON AND STEEL, DOOES AND SHUTTEE3. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1911). Illinois Missouri New York All other states ^ 43 1,985 29 1,601 24 699 13 117 7 46 6 223 9 325 5 66 16 906 14 688 3,170 1,997 969 223 47 376 155 1,302 1,337 5,161 1,538 3,045 874 1,120 407 262 86 43 31 79 103 765 337 359 48 2,124 635 1,913 518 1,996 1,283 602 116 30 297 364 83 675 874 5,184 3,006 1,477 320 89 495 167 1,867 2,272 lEON AND STEEL FOEGINQS, NOT MADE IN STEEL WOEKS OE EOLLINO MILLS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 19U. California Comiecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington All other states '^ 191 10,689 172 8,168 138 6,665 90 4,688 90 4,208 91 3,210 4 35 17 1,673 17 750 9 686 10 683 11 562 10 240 24 1,464 29 2,308 43 2,205 4 19 13 174 38, 216 27,803 16,069 7,697 10,628 379 4,226 2,883 3,201 1,826 1,632 702 6,253 7,440 9,008 123 36,320 7,487 27,765 6,003 28,246 3,428 9,676 2,559 7,152 2,314 3,598 1,329 177 34 5,072 1,090 2,667 610 3,211 446 1,951 623 1,543 476 609 160 6,275 1,087 5,806 1,570 8,265 1,356 48 12 696 124 14,611 10,240 6,752 5,213 4,876 3,961 54 1,883 1,131 1,391 839 807 211 1,280 3,937 2,713 26 28,961 20,293 12,110 10, 438 9,043 6,492 121 4,660 2,061 2,109 2,076 1,493 488 3,671 6,762 6,167 49 514 1 Includes: Georgia, 1 establishment; Illinois, 1; Indiana, 2; Maryland, 1; North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 1; Tennessee, 2; Virginia, 3. 2 Includes; Massachusetts, 1 establishment; Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 2; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey 1; Ohio, 4; Pennsylvania, 1; Tennessee, 1; Virginia, 1. . ' 3 Includes; Delaware, 1 establishment; Iowa, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maryland, 1; Miimesota 2" Missouri 1; Rhode Island, 2; Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 2. > ■ i GESTHEAL TABLES. 643 Table 333— SUMMABY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added ty manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. mON AND STEEL, NAILS AND SPIKES, CUT AND 'VniOUGHT, INCLUDING 'WIEE NAILS, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS. United States. 914. 909. 904. .879. States, 19U. Illinois Massachusetts New Yorlc Pennsylvania All otlier states i 64 2,644 57 2,765 76 3,681 102 4,477 138 16,600 62 2,910 142 7,770 99 6,878 87 5,231 6 229 28 1,233 7 124 8 211 15 847 8,235 7,723 10, 533 12,863 54,555 13, 278 458 3,308 533 887 3,049 $7,883 Jl,608 8,898 1,353 8,742 1,684 10,761 2,042 24,336 7,144 3,878 1,266 9,092 3,961 5,810 2,399 4,428 1,813 873 161 2,426 698 426 76 1,020 119 3,139 4S4 83,594 3,972 4,686 8,562 22,961 3,313 18, 792 6,069 4,439 567 1,421 202 403 1,001 J7,199 8,192 8,923 14, 777 34,228 6,629 24,824 9,857 7,662 921 2,847 361 697 2,373 IRON AND STEEL, WROUGHT PIPE. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. Calitomia New Jersey New Yorlc -. Ohio Pennsylvania All other states 2 36 8,845 28 6,817 27 5,416 19 5,536 22 11,693 35 5,210 22 2,129 7 343 3 359 4 159 5 2,285 12 3,990 5 1,709 17,542 20,666 15,094 11,717 13, 736 1,740 958 777 500 3,193 10,067 2,047 39,408 5,750 22,266 3,963 13,063 2,473 18,344 2,496 22,622 5,398 6,130 1,788 5,311 1,156 1,317 266 1,693 208 1,018 103 13,366 1,536 16,803 2,544 5,211 1,094 26,296 22,942 12, 747 15,524 25,989 9,480 4,873 818 461 243 6,152 13,602 5,120 37,655 30,886 17, 401 21,292 37,907 13,292 7,369 1,477 1,028 411 9,368 17,777 7,594 IVORY, SHELL, AND BONE WORK, NOT INCLUDING COMBS AND HAIRPINS. United States. 1914 64 52 66 70 64 55 20 19 12 3 22 29 795 907 1,769 1,334 1,240 1,105 272 307 171 47 155 693 708 916 1,247 973 994 1,160 1,159 1,269 940 1,895 776 586 90 34 201 168 791 391 466 777 629 592 415 173 89 40 28 77 286 958 962 1,381 930 922 755 635 130 61 261 204 493 1,896 1,866 2,864 1,873 1,919 1,456 1,080 253 126 327 373 1,196 938 1909 . 903 1904 1,483 1899 . 943 1889 997 1879 700 1869S 280 445 1869< 123 1849 s . 65 States, 1914. Massachusetts 120 102 486 66 NewYorlc 169 AH other states^ 703 ' Includes: Connecticut, 3 establishments; Indiana, 2; Maryland, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey 1; Ohio, 4; Rhode Island, 1; Wisconsin, 2. 'Includes: Illinois, 3 establishments; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1. 3 Ivory work. < Turning, ivory and bone. ' Turners, bone and horn, and turners, ivory. , , „ , • Includes: California, 1 establishment; Coimecticut, 2; Dlmois, 3; Iowa, 3; New Jersey, 10; Pennsyl- vania, 4; Rhode Island, 5; Washington, 1. 644 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. JAPANKING. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 18S9 1879 18fi9 1859 1849 States, 19U- Illinois Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states i .35 228 32 180 32 426 38 160 39 243 30 21 183 158 11 240 9 3 122 69 3 B 3 17 10 66 3 16 8 67 110 76 262 28 68 42 J2fil 0149 162 07 ,696 188 11X 75 2S6 105 79 66 141 65 114 63 69 32 29 40 3 .2 39 13 117 44 20 10 53 40 S95 04 242 55 120 64 83 92 48 $381 331 607 216 351 190 216 248 127 41 127 JEWELRY. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 1914. Alabama California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia. , Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska New Jersey New Mexico New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Washington Wisconsin All other states ^ 1,914 28,289 1,537 30,347 1,023 22,080 851 20,468 783 13,880 739 12 697 681 10,091 463 5,947 3 2 98 627 19 75 19 188 6 30 100 992 11 43 16 54 6 29 7 61 4 13 21 122 202 6,505 25 143 25 164 28 461 5 3 5 31 176 3,408 6 12 666 6,051 57 477 8 46 117 549 291 8,778 3 7 5 4 8 34 26 80 7 24 17 173 14 74 14 40 15,666 11,204 7,872 6,656 3,472 916 575 62 115 5 586 30 52 11 65 10 24 4,272 64 51 225 9 12 1,915 2 2,146 348 34 319 4,416 3 5 10 41 20 190 35 22 72,404 18,302 63,811 18,358 39,679 12,593 27,872 10,644 22,247 8,038 11,431 6,442 11,788 4,433 5,181 2,606 3 1,192 553 191 73 290 105 14 20 2,426 795 62 32 87 39 17 21 45 49 10 9 300 90 14,521 3,889 246 106 123 116 483 366 8 4 38 25 14,415 2,221 12 7 17,689 3,872 770 337 29 33 1,511 382 16,831 4,770 5 3 7 4 51 31 70 95 35 25 730 166 97 47 46 28 39,116 81,006 36,675 80, 360 24,177 63,226 22,235 46,129 16,110 34,701 10,326 22,202 9,187 22,104 6,103 10,416 2 10 601 1,519 77 209 94 330 10 60 1,255 3,264 25 102 28 102 16 48 62 152 9 23 114 288 6,710 14,176 158 407 103 308 400 1,088 6 16 26 71 5,626 11,347 7 20 11,102 21,810 403 1,266 21 87 820 1,693 11,209 21,522 2 9 14 25 40 97 78 254 17 59 189 418 73 156 20 82 1 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Maryland, 2; Missouri, 2; Ohio, 2; Rhode Island, 1 2 Includes: Arkansas, 4 establishments; Delaware, 1; Georgia, 1; Kansas, 2; Mississippi, 1; Nevada, 1; New Hampshire, 1 ; Oklahoma, 1; Virginia, 1; Wyoming, 1. GENEBAL TABLES. 645 Table 223,— SUMMAEY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners Primary estab- (average horse- lish- num- power. ments. ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. JET7ELEY AND INSTRUMENT CASES. United States. 191'J 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 StaUs, 1914. Illinois Massachusetts New Jersey New Yorlc Pennsylvania Rhode Island Another states ' 125 2,393 120 2,070 97 1,676 63 819 76 910 17 29 138 183 14 82 8 234 10 389 10 137 74 1,215 10 89 4 281 9 48 1,059 627 359 208 183 54 106 58 624 $2,187 $1,094 1,841 954 1,438 624 548 323 635 447 62 51 80 65 29 27 144 114 347 151 158 78 1,163 568 77 41 222 116 76 26 $1, 450 1,221 843 483 49 65 23 225 205 112 689 31 155 $3,621 3,117 2,292 1,157 1,454 132 217 84 391 529 241 1,934 120 318 88 JUTE GOODS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 StaUs, 1914. Georgia North Carolina Peimsylvania All other states ' 34 7,987 24 6,664 IG 6,083 18 4,506 7 1,194 A 525 4 82 4 360 11 829 15 6,726 28,628 20, 993 18, 810 8,191 1,532 180 596 1,918 25,934 17,279 3,060 13, 790 2,326 11,019 1,918 7,027 1,182 1,646 369 415 142 166 17 555 97 1,741 344 14, 817 2,602 12, 680 6,255 6,054 3,015 502 447 167 664 1,190 10, 669 16, 614 10, 795 9,066 5,384 1,120 697 188 669 1,792 13, 865 LABELS AND TAGS. United States. 1014 1909 1904 1899 18S9 1870 States, 1014. Illinois Massachiisotts Michigan Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ' 108 2,600 96 2,313 67 1,348 47 754 47 618 - 19 328 14 473 5 38 5 98 8 134 35 649 7 92 16 445 18 671 2,233 1,589 919 392 275 393 40 56 105 501 63 206 5,697 1,459 3,857 1,123 2,118 609 848 289 647 289 462 149 908 234 41 22 157 52 250 72 1,257 398. 265 44 700 219 2,119 418 2,908 1,910 957 388 402 493 470 19 81 84 801 122 634 797 6,584 4,670 2,462 1,105 1,048 866 1,125 70 203 252 1,967 250 1,018 1,699 ' Includes: California, 2 establishments; Cormeoticut, 1; Maryland, 1; Missouri, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Ohio, 2. 'Includes: California, 1 establishment; Delaware, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Missom-i, 2; New Jersey, 3; New York, 3; Ohio, 1; South Carolina, 2. ,, , , ,,. ^ , „, , 'Includes: California, 4 establishments; Georgia, 1; Kentucky,!; Maryland, 1; Mmnesota, 1; Nebraska, 3; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 3; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2. 646 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJEBS : ISU. Table 233.— SUMMAEY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average Ush- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. LAMPS AND REFLECTORS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1899 1849 States, 19U. California Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pemisylvania -All other states ' 151 7,134 169 7,110 142 4,429 156 4,725 93 2,066 74 1,730 40 558 30 374 26 938 6 27 21 368 5 137 7 316 5 531 7 110 45 1,644 14 927 17 405 24 2,669 8,640 6,207 3,252 2,360 1,490 164 31 191 307 352 924 168 1,558 1,664 600 3,045 $15,671 $4,173 12,829 3,875 7,796 2,171 6,375 2,077 2,560 1,036 1,874 742 689 287 236 136 486 290 59 20 417 232 362 60 433 216 1,216 404 467 74 4,265 938 1,459 549 1,477 238 5,516 1,442 $8,012 6,473 3,683 3,497 1,542 1,853 403 243 491 23 627 143 489 792 77 1,810 1,424 558 2,169 $16,638 15,213 9,000 8,341 4,039 3,358 996 578 1,060 69 1,098 289 980 1,823 247 3,544 2,681 1,063 4,874 LAProAKY WORK. United States. 1914 89 77 54 60 29 65 13 7 12 6 3 46 5 18 684 627 607 498 92 252 88 29 11 28 546 679 654 212 20 3,613 4,808 2,384 3,087 101 177 34 13 27 182 9 2,997 12 386 641 889 667 499 59 142 39 15 11 27 3,941 6,660 6,224 4,656 125 226 37 14 7 70 2 3,502 31 329 5,360 9,173 7,647 5,786 316 544 107 37 39 127 10 4,704 54 . 426 1,419 1909 2,613 1904 . . 1,423 1899. 1,130 18S9 191 1879 . - . 318 1869 32 70 1859.. 23 Slates, 19U. California 11 21 4 452 6 62 32 Blinois 57 8 New York 462 16 67 650 12 41 1,202 Pennsylvania 23 All other states ^ 97 LARD, NOT MADE IN SLAUGHTERmG AND MEAT-PACKING ESTABLISHMENTS. UniUd states.' ' Includes: Connecticut, 9 establishments; Florida, 1; Kansas, 1; Maryland, 3; Minnesota, 2; Missouri, 3 Rhode Island, 1; West Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 2. 2 Includes: Colorado, 1 eatabUshment; Connecticut, 1; Maine, 3; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 6; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 1; Texas, 1; Utah, 1. 3 Includes: Delaware, 1 establishment; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Missouri, 1; Vir- ginia, 1. Changes in classification of reports for Important establishments have destroyed the compara- bility of the statistics for prior censuses. GENERAL TABLES. 647 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914-€ontmued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). primary ' horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 19U. Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania All other states i 66 2,094 60 1,728 55 1,208 65 1,131 52 696 62 537 60 510 77 434 43 284 32 890 15 403 5 82 14 719 5,317 3,386 2,865 1,951 876 646 2,278 1,302 183 1,554 $4,481 $1,511 3,061 1,203 2,009 798 1,485 650 907 486 478 309 331 262 210 135 122 104 1,923 653 977 302 129 55 1,452 501 $1,343 1,324 768 527 331 222 138 32 431 $4,589 4,159 2,520 1,880 1,239 765 666 484 241 136 1,564 LEAD, BAR, PIPE, AND SHEET. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. New York Pennsylvania All other states 2 27 585 33 802 32 646 34 605 28 637 32 571 22 199 6 174 4 58 17 353 2,609 3,179 2,487 2,007 2,039 534 593 537 1,479 5,036 407 20,587 510 5,015 405 3,949 322 4,893 383 2,466 316 2,301 139 1,032 131 914 39 3,090 237 6,048 7,412 7,910 6,279 6,882 4,363 1,031 882 4,135 LEATHER GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECITIED. United States. 1914 378 425 423 315 164 84 14 38 3 41 10 5 24 174 12 28 4 25 7,071 7,681 7,785 6,293 2,997 1,430 119 448 63 416 163 31 864 3,539 53 951 8 426 3,272 3,861 3,554 1,644 2,264 10,961 10,389 8,508 5,6U 3,572 1,427 140 935 103 637 319 74 1,407 4,512 123 1,619 15 1,067 3,604 3,623 3,137 2,272 1,238 587 55 233 26 216 78 20 405 1,940 29 399 3 201 10,632 10,290 9,627 6,191 3,325 1,512 143 1,185 182 734 445 31 1,036 5,325 107 933 11 500 19,334 18,838 17,656 11,788 6,292 2,737 289 1,859 251 1,309 664 136 1,832 9,896 169 1,840 26 1,065 8 702 1909 8 548 1904. 8 028 1899 .-... 5,597 1889 2 967 1879. . 1 225 States, 19U. 12 1,044 83 218 156 45 407 672 60 321 12 242 140 Illinois. . 674 Indiana 69 Maaaachusetts . 575 Michigan 219 105 New Jersey 796 New York 4,570 Ohio 62 907 "Wisconsin 14 All other states » 565 I •Includes: Illinois, 1 estabUshment; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 1; Maine, 2; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 3; Ohio, 3. 'Includes: California, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 1; Illinois, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachu- setts, 1; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; Ohio, 2; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 1; Wisconsin, 1. •Bicludes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Colorado, 3; Connecticut, 6; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Maryland, 2; Minnesota, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 4; Texas, 1; Washington, 2. 648 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTEES : 1914. TABLE 233.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIE S: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. ■ TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estalD- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. LEATHEK, TANNED, CUKBIED, AND FINISHED. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1869 1849 States, 1911 California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey '.... New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ' 741 55, 936 919 62,202 1,049 57,239 1,306 52, 109 1,787 42, 392 5,628 40,232 7,669 35,243 5,183 26, 246 6,686 25,595 29 1,361 7 185 2,1 2,382 28 2,678 10 434 11 600 10 368 10 440 126 10,164 23 2,773 10 227 8 452 84 5,108 98 5,360 17 877 28 1,606 5 34 120 11,988 21 1,206 18 1,072 27 6,869 31 764 172,712 148,140 117,460 88,860 60,031 39, 683 3,676 340 5,163 7,920 1,127 2,276 1,995 1,458 26,634 6,787 700 3,174 12,306 20,039 2,806 4,450 163 39,964 3,648 4,887 20, 142 3,157 $332,180 $31,914 332,727 32,103 242, 684 27,049 173,977 22, 591 98,089 21,250 73,384 16, 604 61, 126 14, 606 39,026 8,176 22, 775 6,642 9,560 1,007 819 100 7,080 1,187 16,775 1,638 3,094 226 6,258 329 2,606 182 2,433 229 47,418 5,918 19, 002 1,739 .1,942 156 2,762 263 23,360 3,260 27,065 2,955 6,261 356 13, 147 1,054 177 20 79,909 6,492 9,289 626 7,726 615 42,770 3,404 3,839 360 S284,245 248,279 191, 179 156,000 122,947 156,384 118, 670 49, 813 26,430 7,858 636 6,474 13,917 2,326 3,242 2,061 2,629 33, 194 20,982 2,042 2,261 22, 081 27, 912 6,646 8,606 148 68,309 8,218 8,695 33,063 4,166 $367, 202 327,874 252, 621 204, 038 172, 136 200,265 157, 238 76,669 43,458 10,021 906 9,183 17, 609 2,928 4,199 2,419 3,485 45, 266 25, 604 2,673 2,861 31,662 36, 018 7,182 11.628 188 86. 2,'i3 9,834 n,015 12,204 5,372 LIME.2 United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1863- 1869. 1849. States, 1914. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts. . Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina. Ohio 627 12,429 853 13, 897 626 11, 162 1,001 6,4.50 714 3,063 761 2,838 390 14 7 189 7 213 6 58 14 448 6 202 3 25 6 369 25 236 U 474 s 160 6 223 19 531 12 46 23 310 9 105 38 1,416 34, 124 6,040 32,620 5,980 22, 596 4,697 5,344 1,936 2,016 877 1,124 736 866 147 374 64 770 130 69 42 1,748 266 394 84 615 14 9.34 224 430 99 1,299 231 620 88 618 127 2, ,638 277 103 20 880 149 92 39 3,861 777 7,658 6,731 6,437 4,469 1,760 1,107 196 82 116 12 276 151 11 667 162 370 132 139 409 26 189 40 706 18,391 17,952 14, 751 8,917 3,799 2,286 188 316 101 747 2.84 29 923 390 817 318 342 890 62 .503 103 2,334 'Includes: Georgia, 4 establishments; Iowa, 2; Louisiana, 1; Minnesota, 4; Montana, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee. 9; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont, 2; Washington, 3; Wyoming, 1. 2 Comparable figures for 1899, 1889, and 1879 not available. GENERAL TABLES. 649 Table 223— SUMMAEY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. ' YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of cstab- lisli- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. LIME— continued. States, 1914— Continued. Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington , West Virginia Wisconsin Ali other states ' 3 17 3 266 14 3,123 9 432 8 262 10 49 8 132 34 694 6 164 10 773 30 828 30 601 65 8,725 670 439 10 149 1,729 3S4 4,026 4,032 1.051 $39 $4 ISO 8 7,887 1,404 431 137 359 105 81 37 308 64 1,264 273 1,3''5 112 1,369 378 2,700 460 2,241 301 S9 14 1,393 108 115 19 98 471 80 434 827 427 S17 26 3,948 357 347 71 139 996 250 980 1,570 806 LINESr GOODS. United States 1914 19J9 1904 1899 1889 1879 1S69 1S59 Slates, 191i. Massachusetts All other states 2 21 3,667 16 3,673 15 3,811 18 3,283 5 1,940 6 1,414 1,746 10 11 7 639 1,641 14 2,026 9,932 8,829 6,133 5,885 2,446 1,6 4,605 5, 327 8,810 1,386 7,467 1,213 6,294 1,326 6,689 1,037 2,734 528 907 384 2, 326 424 840 134 3,939 6.62 4,871 734 4,280 3,967 3,741 2,561 1, .696 1,132 1,121 1,795 2,494 6, 960 6,385 5, 856 4,303 2,880 1,802 2,179 840 3,0,60 3,910 LIQUORS, DISTILLED. United states. 1914 1909 1904 1899 18S9 1879 1869 1869 1849 States, 1914. Arkansas California Connecticut Florida Illinois Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia All other states 2 434 6,295 6,430 5,355 3,720 4,762 613 805 965 440 844 6,502 5,131 719 1,193 968 5,416 4,008 5 5 13 112 9 18 3 11 7 866 14 508 157 2,098 3 120 21 274 7 93 11 22 18 26 17 66S 18 332 71 771 47 123 13 269 51,971 46, 120 42,349 31, 427 18, 769 13, 664 75 698 313 200 7,634 3,824- 14,521 865 3,244 473 5,781 2,809 7,218 1,111 2,468 91,285 72,450 .60, 101 32, 540 31,006 24,248 15, 545 11,649 6,409 46 2,345 183 36 12,202 6,451 27, 993 1,736 6,463 1,622 235 282 2,893 5,150 20, 372 296 2,980 3,994 40,997 206, 779 3,074 35,977 204, 699 2,667 25,626 131,270 1,733 16, 145 96,794 2,246 14, 909 104, 19S 2,661 27,744 41,064 2,020 19,729 36, 191 1,753 18,331 26,768 1,090 10,643 15,770 2 9 38 99 959 3,050 11 76 324 6 38 167 658 8,606 51, 696 336 5,006 31,484 1,039 10,209 4.3,863 88 1,164 5,358 279 1,544 7,269 82 1,2,34 4,790 12 75 427 14 53 162 492 4,482 -16,493 223 1,988 10, 684 422 3,544 15,951 62 475 1,8,60 ISO 1,535 9,293 'Includes: Arizona. 2 establishments; Connecticut, 10; Disiriot of Columbia, 1: Florida, 3; Idaho, 3; Iowa, 2; Montana, 1; Nevada, 1; New Mexico, 2; Rhode Island, 1: South Dakotn, 3; Wyoming, 1. ' Includes: Connecvicut, 1 establishment: Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 2; New Hampshire, 2; New Jersey, 4; New York, 2; Pennsylvania. 1; Wisconsin, 1. ' Includes: Alabama, 3 establishments; Michigan, 1; Montana 1; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Mexico, 1; South Carolina, 1; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. 650 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES : 1914. Table 333 SUMMARY FOB INDUSTKIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital, Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. LIQUORS, MALT. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i 1,250 62,070 1,414 54,679 1,630 48, 137 1,607 39,459 1,248 30, 267 2,191 1,972 26 220 12,443 1,269 6,433 431 2,347 69 1,612 11 451 18 639 3 118 4 270 3 193 6 44 89 5,749 32 2,207 17 565 15 980 10 610 14 1,073 26 2,106 70 2,097 65 2,062 32 6,947 19 278 14 488 29 2,688 153 9,826 101 5,340 10 189 216 7,612 8 611 4 71 4 337 13 958 5 204 6 310 25 883 10 244 132 6,414 19 614 406, 884 347, 726 266, 169 197,901 116,999 10, 762 9,781 3,667 3,510 630 3,066 908 39'8 34,847 14,688 3,982 6,762 2,746 6,836 12, 100 13,039 9,201 31,164 2,276 3,489 17,036 65, 362 38, 048 2,028 58, 147 3,266 686 2,755 9,068 887 2,810 6,315 3,807 28,326 4,464 8792,914 S63, 244 671,168 41,206 615,630 34,641 413, 767 26, 776 232, 471 20,713 91,208 12,198 48,779 6,759 16, 782 2,306 4,072 664 21,657 1,773 6,303 404 6,617 646 1,908 107 4,191 222 1,177 111 737 62 60,678 6,372 13,939 1,509 6,354 421 9,850 744 6,761 460 9,889 945 22,374 1,992 17,254 1,703 28,994 1,760 67,629 4,862 3,266 391 4,674 345 46,316 2,398 153,612 8,742 61,936 4,416 3,616 228 109,940 6,321 4,855 472 1,127 54 2,082 228 8,707 806 2,160 193 2,758 240 13,879 933 3,325 185 77,291 3,913 7,258 416 $129, 724 96, 696 74,907 51, 698 64,003 56,837 28, 178 9,997 3,055 3,780 ,197 1,692 261 607 380 123 10, 406 3,367 1,429 1,629 1,434 2,166 4,920 4,328 3,303 7,373 776 906 5,685 24, 495 9,190 608 15, 703 1,699 133 490 2,929 349 633 2,801 392 13,703 1,337 $442, 149 374, 730 298, 346 236,916 182,732 101,058 66, 707 21,311 5,729 12,460 3,023 5,030 975 1,648 872 375 39, 436 11,936 4,184 5,828 4,301 7,262 16, 608 16,041 14,266 31,801 2,667 3,012 20,482 85,673- 31,990 1,810 60,363 3,918 362 1,345 8,471 1,346 1,546 9,458 1,378 40,884 3,609 $312, 425 278, 134 223, 439 185, 317 118, 729 44, 221 27,629 11,314 2,674 LIQUORS, VINOUS. United States. 1914 1909 1004 1899 1889 1879 1869 18692 States, 1914. California Michigan .' New Jersey New Yorlc North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania All other states » 318 2,292 290 1,911 436 1,913 369 1,163 236 1,048 117 967 398 1,486 32 106 202 1,602 4 10 11 26 42 260 6 39 28 186 5 1 20 178 9,356 6,771 6,713 3,416 1,042 39 7,873 6 100 433 136 447 6 368 31,616 1,194 27,908 972 17, 776 1,002 9,838 446 6,793 299 2,682 217 2,334 231 306 48 22,873 817 78 3 396 16 3,210 127 264 13 2,123 115 30 1 2,652 102 6,626 6,693 3,689 1,318 1,341 1,203 196 6,829 3 46 1,063 9 691 16, 618 13, 121 11,098 6,647 2,846 2,169 2,225 401 11,300 11 151 1,695 123 1,800 21 1,617 1 Includes; Alabama, 2 establishments; Arizona, 2; Arkansas, 1; Florida, 2; Nevada, 3- New Hampshire, 4; New Mexico, 2; South Carolina, 1; Wyoming, 2. 2 Liquors, wine. ' Includes; Florida, 1 establishment; Illinois, 2; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana 1- Missouri, 6; New Mexico, 2; Oregon, 1; Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 1. » . i GENERAL TABLES. 651 TABLE 833.— SUMMARY FOB INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products.' Expressed in thousands. LITHOGBAPHING. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 Slates, 19H. California Colorado District of Columbia Illinois Iowa Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Missouri NewYorlc Ohio Peimsylvania Washington Wfaconsin All other states > 336 15,171 3}8 15,073 248 12,614 263 12,994 219 9,656 167 4,322 1,399 91 63 11 786 162 14 766 3 93 4 141 34 944 3 138 6 252 6 457 13 1,218 4 76 12 262 146 6,603 28 1,673 23 858 4 71 10 428 27 1,286 15,178 13, 132 8,195 7,063 4,076 186 783 163 83 824 97 179 411 943 61 285 6,007 1,829 813 81 463 2,818 J36,686 $11,861 37,173 10, 202 25, 538 8,199 22,676 6,882 15,490 6,865 4,602 2,307 1,634 838 '445 339 77 51 2,002 661 334 86 279 118 2,095 874 257 110 810 188 1,096 265 2,400 874 239 58 748 213 16,241 5,098 4,059 1,428 1,994 696 '220 59 1,094 307 2,218 927 978 167 183 401 1,008 110 229 5,830 1,282 857 78 393 1,265 $14,017 $39, 136 11,931 34,109 8,360 26,245 7,886 22,241 6,265 17,988 2,755 6,912 736 2,616 229 848 60 136 930 2,351 188 386 118 314 447 601 1,065 2,932 240 762 16,959 4,179 1,947 207 1,102 3,051 LOCOMOTrVES, NOT MADE BY BAH.KOAD COMPANIES. 1914.. Vnitei States.' 19 16 15 17,391 14,909 24,806 50,373 35, 102 29,806 86,413 52,060 38, 421 11,085 8,914 15,798 23,546 15,060 27,703 43,374 31,582 59,652 19, 828 1909. . . . . . 16, 522 1904 31,849 LOOKING-GLASS AND PICTUKE FKAMES. United States. 1914. . ... . 438 437 442 362 1,290 645 320 199 108 27 3 5 59 7 11 31 8 4,787 6,021 6,625 6,029 '7, 928 6,183 .3,587 1,896 963 165 14 11 1,741 257 98 148 259 4,210 6,330 4,653 3,357 3,169 8,049 9,058 7,634 5,500 8,555 4,438 2,590 1,008 445 261 14 39 2,762 447 115 203 364 2,850 3,261 3,315 2,560 3,847 2,471 1,624 704 348 129 11 8 1,031 141 47 105 126 4,468 55,25 4,975 4,729 7,069 4,831 2,466 1,229 546 172 9 19 1,582 156 102 143 194 11,014 13,476 13, 270 10,847 16,376 9,596 5,962 2,854 1,253 474 30 45 3,837 451 193 429 486 6,546 1909 7,950 1904 8,295 1899. ... 6,118 1889 9,307 1879 4,765 1869 1,200 3,496 1869. 1,625 1849 708 States, mi. California... 51 5 302 Colorado , . CnnTiflfitimt 21 26 lUinois 1,577 197 12 95 264 2,255 295 Maryland . . 91 286 Michigan 292 'Includes: Connecticut, 2 establishments; Indiana, 3; Kansas, 1; Louisiana, 2; Michigan, 6; New Jer- sey. 6; Oregon, 1; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, 2; West Vurginia, 1. 'Includes in 1914: Georgia, 2 establishments; Iowa, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 2; New York, 3; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania, 8, Virginia, 1. 652 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXTBES : 1914. TABLE 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. "Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. LOOKING-GLASS AND PICTURE FRAMES — Continued. states, 1914— Continued. Minnesota , Missouri , New Jersey , New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island , Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 15 41 11 24 11 84 157 1,162 14 410 3 1 46 265 7 IS 4 10 4 2 15 100 25 20 11 714 835 3 185 13 2 7 194 IH23 $28 51 15 164 43 ,892 682 930 258 10 1 453 148 23 9 13 6 15 1 170 61 153 30 164 1,143 331 3 261 16 6 5 79 S152 72 298 2,779 913 10 S80 41 22 17 185 LUBRICATING GREASES. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. Ulinois Massachusetts Michigan New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 77 476 38 176 25 119 29 127 31 126 16 72 8 53 5 11 4 28 17 74 8 73 12 163 23 84 2,685 492 210 181 138 47 22 309 262 134 1,566 345 3,440 282 935 88 608 62 577 55 451 62 373 41 287 29 71 8 312 19 571 41 436 46 1,187 89 576 50 2,767 828 368 360 402 209 224 116 197 518 356 600 756 4,919 1,481 879 718 846 365 394 156 301 1,361 1,201 LUMBER AND TtMBER PRODUCTS. United States. 1914. States, 1014. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California. ..... Colorado . .. Connecticut Delaware Florida Oeorpia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. . Michigan Minnesota 27,229 479,786 5 1,335 21,646 17 1,110 1,182 28,212 209 15,087 183 996 197 773 73 442 412 16,392 1,438 15,023 143 6,968 203 2,562 632 4,476 18 122 1,177 10,684 454 42, 169 842 13,448 386 2,616 277 1,626 477 21,488 318 16, 814 2.246,942 86, 197 2,878 118, 651 66, 169 6,401 6,380 2,052 57, 517 61,518 34, 582 8,416 31, 095 829 44, 976 202, 324 74, 333 11,684 16, 679 79,422 46, 626 910, 674 239,977 24,541 7,327 3,245 778 44,522 13,353 53,519 10, 912 1,774 709 983 418 278 129 25,946 7,164 18,049 5,475 26, 166 4,868 4,086 1,414' 8,154 2,149 114 51 14, 892 3,475 113,470 22,658 21,784 6,719 2,783 1,094 4,465 883 42, 163 11,148 38,588 8,220 81,952 716,310 7,647 21,333 467 1,463 16,101 39, 608 6,812 22,973 541 1,710 469 1,601 173 446 5,814 17,575 4,761 14,802 6,040 13, 180 2,152 4,611 4,798 9,741 107 192 6,114 13,861 25,017 62,078 10, 165 22,398 1,173 3,422 2,010 4,379 14, 109 33,873 15,979 32,412 'Includes: Georgia, 1 establishment; Iowa, 3; Maine, 3; Nebraska, 1; North Dakota, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Tennessee, 2; Washington, 2; West Virginia, 1. 2 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Delaware, 1; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 3; Kentucky, 1; Miimesota, 2; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 6; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee, 1; Washington, 1; Wisconsin 1. GENERAL TABLES. 653 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE, Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added hy manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS — Continued. States, lOU—Contmned. Mississippi Missouri Montana New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pemisylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas.- Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states ' 1,240 28,490 120,336 796 6,007 29, 614 146 2,873 19,799 433 5,062 36,227 167 1,026 6,817 46 673 2,455 969 6,360 66,930 2,714 30, 590 124,643 676 4,798 29,964 226 2,245 11,124 439 12,829 95,928 1,654 10, 764 56, 118 18 119 1,069 739 10,400 46,399 34 187 2,009 1,821 14, 452 69, 788 401 17,783 62,824 83 364 2,031 443 3,127 33,936 2,031 22,100 70, 125 821 36, 461 265,269 868 16,091 59,819 433 24,941 84,623 68 366 2.262 6 145 305 S43, 784 $11,949 9,027 2,813 10,298 2,169 11,363 2,716 982 503 856 324 17,945 3,280 35,629 11, 130 7,276 2,388 3,387 950 41,026 9,198 17,435 6,111 176 65 13,773 3,799 676 148 22,609 6,129 36, 266 9,605 480 329 6,581 1,599 21,516 7,914 88,413 28,096 27,063 8,936 49,154 12,662 961 216 618 124 tl3, 794 3,706 2,049 4,783 364 178 4,797 10, 367 4,347 874 12, 489 6,630 121 2,759 180 9,193 8,582 78 2,044 7,234 35,503 6,268 15,063 126 85 S36, 507 10, 077 6,206 10,735 1,290 1,232 12,741 30,529 9,044 2,729 27,610 19,984 279 9,856 394 21,680 23,146 582 6,913 22, 938 78, 130 23,868 37, 494 691 318 $22, 713 6,371 4,157 5,962 926 1,054 7,944 20, 172 4,697 1,856 15,021 13,454 168 7,097 214 12,487 14,563 504 3.869 15. 704 42. 627 17.590 22,431 566 233 LUMBER, PLANING-MILL PRODUCTS, NOT INCLUDING PLANING MILLS CONNECTED WITH SAWMILLS. United States. 1914 5,841 76 11 62 376 32 82 11 10 82 143 16 333 240 92 54 111 47 60 76 198 217 100 48 122 19 37 47 181 15 607 206 6 96,214 886 46 924 6,109 323 1,441 49 249 1, 159 2,350 61 7,734 2,650 2,970 486 1,655 1,089 643 1,517 3,423 4,944 3,137 937 2,039 92 413 791 2,377 69 11,475 2,860 69 414,817 4,602 248 3,590 35,066 1,718 5,739 295 679 5,397 , 10,837 354 26,343 12,302 8,882 2,101 7,801 3,549 3,407 6,907 13,929 25,542 10,286 4,395 9,329 1,179 1,403 3,340 10,093 654 47,356 11,707 289 266,805 1,692 118 2,220 24,599 697 4,407 148 270 2,479 5,064 231 19,062 9,227 9,335 1,222 3,946 2,127 1,684 3,510 7,978 16,020 7,649 2,049 5,756 593 1,436 1,399 7,017 235 36,722 4,318 198 61,949 407 48 480 5,445 267 974 33 162 616 997 44 6,851 1,584 1,943 344 864 683 415 882 2,484 3,002 2,072 398 1,385 101 304 437 1,610 66 7,634 1,078 53 184,227 1,670 75 1,671 16,632 364 3,151 67 194 1,787 4,178 63 15,540 6,071 6,248 1,065 2,944 1,710 1,160 2,881 6,277 12,208 6,262 986 3,091 307 707 1,122 4,235 313 21,463 4,936 167 307,672 2,772 171 2,783 26,101 725 6, 175 119 441 2,950 6,418 149 26,663 10,007 10,713 1,818 4,637 2,829 1,904 4,932 10,661 19,768 9,464 1,829 5,454 514 1,286 1,861 7,259 412 36,460 7,294 249 123,445 States, 19H. 1,102 Arizona 96 1,112 9,469 Colorado 371 2,024 Delaware 62 District of Columbia Florida 247 1,163 Georgia 2,240 86 11,123 Indiana. 3,936 4,465 753 Kentucky 1,693 1,119 Maine 744 Maryland 2,051 4,374 Michigan 7,560 4,202 MisRi'ssippi 843 2,363 Montana 207 Nebraska 579 739 New Jersey 3,024 99 New York 14,997 North Carolina 2,358 North Daliota - . . 82 1 TnpllKlfiR' TTa-no ,c+«KHn>,»««'"+". Nebraska, 2; Nevada, 1. 654 CElSrSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. "Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. rUMBEH, PLANING-MILL PRODUCTS, NOT INCLUDING PLANING MILLS CONNECTED WITH SAWMILLS— Cont d. States, 1914— ContiDued. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 400 5,516 65 372 69 732 613 8,586 27 617 48 629 17 94 134 3,012 149 1,358 42 356 50 628 164 2,216 91 1,273 124 1,153 146 4,972 6 44 25,187 1,580 4,633 35,854 1,435 2,565 349 11,613 6,860 1,644 3,623 10, 650 8,320 7,271 14, 744 270 $15,042 J3,846 817 327 2,823 548 26,001 5,536 1,084 349 985 251 318 63 6,056 1,353 3,673 924 536 239 1,615 291 4,826 1,016 4,136 1,015 3,136 683 12,408 2,929 142 38 111,402 ■ 792 1,359 14,408 719 986 275 4,560 2,349 453 1,423 3,698 2,581 3,008 7,585 114 $18,892 1,317 2,379 24,862 1,407 1,557 466 7,859 4,267 869 1,956 5,689 4,596 4,661 12,921 186 $7,490 525 1,020 10,454 688 671 191 3,299 1,918 406 533 1,991 2,015 1,653 5,336 72 United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1869 1849 States, 19U. California. Illinois Minnesota New Yorlc Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 2 97 1,989 114 1,760 141 2,064 146 1,990 205 3,328 216 208 2,332- 1,640 85 11 589 73 3 34 14 438 9 108 25 533 6 74 4 13 26 637 12 92 33,394 26,441 20,288 13,834 6,595 1,379 729 7,724 4,428 7,403 1,035 66 10,545 1,474 46,767 1,828 60, 286 1,348 47,934 1,467 39,288 1,183 24,294 1,590 14,390 1,006 8,017 701 2,126 190 272 18 1,072 45 10,723 426 4,687 167 11,763 603 991 52 73 9 16,301 636 2,167 90 39, 199 30,464 23,621 14,817 17,100 14,321 9,002 2,365 364 672 9,185 4,463 10, 386 640 75 12,489 1,289 48,133 38, 252 30, 289 19,374 23,443 18,273 12,017 3,229 471 938 11,133 5,637 12,381 771 100 15,533 1,640 7,788 6,668 4,657 6,343 3,952 3,015 864 107 1,948 1,174 1,996 131 25 3,044 351 MARBLE AND STONE WORK. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899" 1889. 1879- 1869. 1859. 4,901 54,981 4,964 65, 603 2,608 51,110 2,962 41,686 3,463 33,248 2,892 22, 196 1,972 18,909 1,806 15,379 207,461 187, 686 102, 887 83,119 21,764 6,626 118,423 37,961 114,842 42,546 79,170 31,899 52,982 22,843 38,970 22,296 17, 249 10,553 16, 230 10,092 8,866 5,672 1 Includes: Nevada, 4 establishments; Wyoming, 2. 2 Includes: Colorado, 1 establishment; Indiana, 2; Iowa, tana, 1; Nebraska, 1; Washington, 1. ^ Includes artificial stone products. 37,802 37, 397 26,569 21,646 25,124 13, 220 11,744 6,346 107,055 113,093 84,841 63,667 66,723 32, 446 30,234 16,244 69,253 75,696 68,276 42,121 40,599 19,226 18,490 10,893 1; Kentucky, 1; Michigan, 3; Missouri, 1; Mon- GENEEAL TABLES. 655 Tabids 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAU AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. UABBLE AND STONE WORK — Continued. States, 1914. Alabama 35 6 61 143 29 80 13 12i 14 100 6 312 179 88 82 79 22 137 102 306 111 127 13 175 16 53 3 85 132 551 64 7 213 55 24 602 46 37 11 97 135 23 276 76 27 27 117 3 402 11 106 1,294 487 538 61 130 47 2,622 30 1,975 3,389 337 191 450 186 1,833 990 3,858 461 1,579 58 905 68 143 3 1,176 1,080 4,798 704 21 2,523 142 88 7,166 658 283 29 1,273 464 349 9,018 1,260 189 224 1,390 2 991 112 558 4,131 2,381 2,687 52 82 75 5,912 120 6,381 21,963 913 605 1,975 317 9,138 3,212 15,460 1,644 7,050 108 4,018 166 382 10 5,726 2,767 15,403 1,721 19 10, 353 453 278 27,179 1,841 486 71 4,601 1,531 1,148 34, 012 3,676 1,612 734 3,416 1 $785 65 441 3,689 2,836 1,307 97 182 87 4,120 90 5,116 9,322 1,045 606 1,077 439 3,901 2,133 6,982 1,234 3,148 105 2,760 238 750 20 1,647 3,264 12, 570 1,068 119 . 7,375 426 247 11,886 791 323 172 1,474 1,023 635 12,976 4,741 1,262 491 3,391 7 $215 10 71 1,231 358 387 31 74 39 1,278 39 1,656 2,190 268 156 283 208 1,302 579 2,889 390 1,159 31 647 79 125 3 928 1,010 4,141 404 17 1,636 96 85 4,137 453 127 24 632 358 354 6,004 668 160 132 996 1 $197 10 121 1,509 198 353 54 147 67 1,114 29 2,576 2,164 719 376 447 261 687 783 1,885 637 1,211 77 1,281 71 460 3 395 1,176 5,029 286 60 2,049 122 146 3,821 286 128 87 520 523 125 3,684 388 277 199 1,168 7 1641 24 290 3,633 1,193 1,057 113 290 171 3,652 91 6,176 6,667 1,572 842 1,058 686 2,529 1,831 6,734 1,661 3,121 149 2,716 244 841 10 1,804 2,847 13,324 981 92 5,264 340 346 10,631 955 401 175 1,689 1,367 869 12,605 1,404 673 488 2,914 14 S444 14 li9 California 2 124 995 Connecticut 704 Delaware ... . 59 District of Columbia Florida 143 104 Georgia 2 538 62 Illinois 3,000 4,493 863 Kansas 466 611 425 Maine 1,942 1,048 4,849 Michigan 924 Minnesota . 1,910 72 Missouri.' 1,435 '173 381 Nevada . 7 1,409 1,672 New York.. . . .. . 8,295 695 42 3,215 Oklahoma. 218 200 Pfinnsylvanin 6,810 669 South Carolina 273 South Dakota. 88 Tennessee 1,169 844 Utah 734 8,921 1,016 396 West Virginia 289 1,746 7 United Stales.' 1914.... 20 26 23 22 27 37 75 76 60 3,800 3,631 3,185 2,047 1,696 2,219 2,556 1,252 1,021 7,465 6,224 3,639 2,666 1,085 11, 736 11,953 6,334 3,893 1,941 2,115 1,522 362 109 1,758 1,390 1,101 613 474 636 617 179 165 5,202 4,599 3,285 3,421 935 3,299 1,180 230 138 12,566 11,353 5,647 6,006 .2, 194 4,668 3,540 699 428 7,354 1909 6,764 1904. . .... 2,362 1899 2,585 1889.. 1,259 1879 1,369 1869.. 808 2,360 1859 469 1849 290 1 Includes: New Mexico, 1 establishment; Wyommg, 2. ,.,„•,-, sinoludes in 1014: California, 3 establishments; Illinois, 2; Indiana, 1; Jtassachusctts, 1; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 1; New Jersey, 1; New York, 3; Ohio, 4; Pennsylvania, 2; Wisconsm, 1. 656 CENSUS OP MANUFACTTJEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMAEY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STAT15S, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ot earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. MATS AND MATTING, FROM COCOA FIBEH. AND GRASS. United States. 1914...: 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. Wisconsin All other states i 12 869 12 937 12 625 9 1,197 24 383 12 285 4 456 8 414 1,643 1,433 1,524 1,733 385 594 1,049 J5,055 $465 4,051 385 839 249 994 237 393 173 212 125 1,518 212 3,537 243 $1, 170 1,067 574 516 302 234 526 645 $2,236 2,432 1,243 1,165 609 439 1,030 1,206 MATTRESSES AND SPKING BEDS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, WI4. Alabama Arlcansas Caiifomia Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia. Florida , Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine , Maryland Massachusetts , Michigan Minnesota , Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oldahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington W est Virginia. Wisconsin All oth er states ^ 1,000 11,747 930 11,322 716 10, 427 589 7,649 696 6,318 357 2,394 80 9 7 99 49 664 6 123 18 154 7 50 8 60 17 299 86 1,018 24 301 16 233 8 140 11 72 18 227 6 70 17 244 54 740 23 278 13 440 7 33 33 296 6 77 5 12 25 181 196 1,996 29 174 43 934 11 75 8 59 74 986 7 18 20 316 59 283 5 69 22 159 10 190 9 108 18 384 16 115 21,674 17,689 13,220 7,980 4,314 194 349 1,479 295 160 31 101 496 1,435 469 353 302 168 386 55 239 1,032 617 1,262 104 406 1,049 27 215 1,825 191 2,228 259 171 1,746 60 750 909 211 283 680 299 771 167 24,922 6,723 23,735 5,771 14, 514 4,816 7,999 3,102 6,663 2,764 1,750 868 231 35 232 49 1,803 490 252 69 398 87 49 31 104 39 607 316 1,656 546 663 149 568 144 347 85 61 41 521 100 129 34 348 107 1,023 376 940 162 1,463 268 56 13 510 162 173 61 19 6 416 95 3,112 1,192 246 56 2,449 500 188 42 166 40 2,211 542 41 7 630 149 727 162 200 45 326 75 594 142 243 57 1,071 214 160 65 22,399 20,483 16,326 10,227 8,727 3,116 130 191 1,419 264 285 74 110 507 2,126 473 492 244 78 405 110 446 1,466 519 906 36 460 215 21 432 3,861 223 1,998 164 115 1,740 23 539 602 146 227 332 222 38, 717 36, 783 27, 756 17,966 15,684 5,288 2,448 380 489 157 177 916 3,670 838 828 447 165 684 197 784 2,602 877 1,595 70 882 315 43 691 6,497 376 3,427 268 211 3,063 38 981 1,060 233 445 614 365 1,089 306 ■Includes: Michigan, 1 establishment; Minnesota, 1; New Jersey, 1; New York,3; Pennsylvania, 2. 2 Includes: Arizona, 1 establishment; Delaware, 3; Idaho, 1; Montana, 2; North Dakota, 1; Rhode Island, 6; South Dakota, 1; Vermont, 1. GENEBAL TABLES. 657 Table 233.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. ' TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners Primary estab- (average horse- lish- num- power. ments. ber). Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. MILLINERY AND LACE GOODS. I United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 19U,. Calilornia Georgia ;. Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Miimesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states 2 2,079 45,274 1,579 39,201 860 27,500 591 16,871 278 11,118 247 6,555 1,668 7,206 42 405 5 165 102 3,323 3 73 5 33 3 35 18 360 69 2,026 13 111 9 308 33 908 276 5,573 1,308 26,124 30 911 114 3,585 8 312 5 60 3 19 3 38 10 656 20 249 12,736 7,918 4,737 1,852 1,670 is 142 74 1,130 29 4 16 104 451 16 116 241 1,709 6,756 409 934 62 4 1 4 311 234 $63,101 121,646 35,705 16,308 17,850 10,307 10,765 5,818 6,630 4,526 2,679 1,651 2,426 1,157 643 230 237 72 2,806 1,804 78 32 17 10 17 9 361 107 2,117 940 72 65 530 34 838 367 7,890 2,559 31,287 12,890 828 433 3,675 1,452 296 83 205 22 11 5 16 14 955 322 322 95 857,676 45,040 26,259 15,654 8,588 6,142 3,365 544 212 5,019 77 11 6 125 2,886 105 648 1,064 3,914 37, 256 1,005 2,880 306 63 16 32 1,198 310 $114, 160 85,894 60,778 29,469 18,047 9,678 6,513 1, 128 379 9,222 155 39 48 452 4,919 249 945 2,163 10,486 72,329 1,918 6,273 486 132 28 85 2,155 569 $66,484 40,854 24,519 13,815 9,459 3,436 3,148 584 167 4,203 78 28 42 327 2,033 144 297 1,099 6,572 35,074 913 3,393 180 69 12 53 957 259 MINERAL AND SODA WATERS. UnUed States. 1914 5,463 4,916 3,468 2,763 1,377 512 387 123 64 161 16 86 175 65 102 14 11 114 204 20 287 123 117 93 91 75 16,606 13,147 10, 879 8,788 5,919 2,726 2,383 727 689 620 31 177 363 134 210 31 96 271 846 22 836 289 278 160 269 256 25,164 19,392 12,214 8,037 3,003 53,233 42,305 28,098 19,727 10,782 2,570 3,462 686 229 1,153 132 560 1,439 582 584 66 128 622 1,931 88 2,265 953 912 607 659 576 • 8,864 6,902 5,488 4,080 2,780 1,066 924 241 154 208 22 78 291 99 122 17 60 119 370 12 614 182 168 79 119 126 26,779 16,466 10,002 8,565 4,563 2,118 1,688 454 314 1,093 49 370 490 237 234 47 131 557 1,724 33 1,128 693 606 220 438 377 58,401 43,508 30,251 23,269 14,354 4,742 4,222 1,415 760 2,162 114 699 1,391 616 667 92 285 1,050 3,386 81 2,784 1,476 1,111 522 930 824 31,622 1909 27,042 1904 20,249 1899 1889 14,704 9,791 1879 2,624 1869 168 2,634 1859 3 961 1849< 446 States, 1914. Alabama 844 44 289 847 247 333 27 56 412 1,382 42 1,484 51« 424 469 424 676 1,069 65 329 California 901 Colorado 279 Connecticut 333 Delaware 45 District of Columbia Florida 164 493 Georgia . . 1,662 Idaho 48 Illinois.... 1,666 883 Iowa 605 Kansas - 302 Kentucky.. 492 Louisiana 447 ' Includes for 1904 and 1899 some establishments manufacturing suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods which are included under " Furnishing goods, men's," for 1909. 'Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Arkansas, 1; Connecticut, 7; District of Columbia, 2; 2; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 2; Texas, 2. 'Mineral water. ' Mineral water and pop. 658 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (aferage num- ber). Primary borse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. MINERAL AND SODA -WATERS— continued. States, 1914 — Continued, Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampsbire New Jersey New Mexico New York Nortk Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Teimessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 53 102 57 185 171 608 120 391 128 309 80 308 195 556 22 29 63 105 12 12 28 47 189 667 17 28 612 2,597 132 470 24 56 202 575 108 122 33 57 482 1,151 46 138 113 391 27 63 86 276 262 645 25 68 17 31 88 290 60 108 77 148 176 375 15 10 245 178 855 814 472 543 845 62 185 48 140 938 26 3,037 428 149 1,059 222 135 1,901 110 325 114 477 1,190 68 52 465 293 498 739 36 S355 $53 367 101 2,001 333 1,634 246 1,062 201 625 119 1,564 298 120 26 387 64 55 11 141 25 1,982 430 51 14 8,763 1,608 977 197 279 35 1,504 342 404 70 168 37 4,797 711 232 72 774 150 269 39 707 140 1,602 277 192 34 94 20 1,065 123 693 97 450 82 6,698 216 65 7 S183 256 1,075 819 527 566 656 49 175 34 61 965 20 3,919 935 121 860 210 86 2,230 130 882 96 770 902 122 33 581 212 230 845 15 S328 559 2,442 1,006 1,266 1,C66 1,623 150 435 53 140 2,053 73 9,036 1,707 282 2,004 472 211 5,079 314 1,541 226 1,263 1,913 220 86 1,197 513 544 1,869 50 MINERALS AND EARTHS, GROUND. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 issy 1S7!J 1869 States, t9U. Arkansas California Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Kentucky Maryland Mas.sacliuaetts Missom'i New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Vermont Virginia West Virginia All other states ^ 244 4,707 119 1,990 131 2,157 145 2,094 95 1,271 63 898 52 262 7 59 9 179 4 62 4 220 9 184 11 149 3 43 7 49 9 105 9 179 3 44 14 292 23 411 7 336 19 433 66 822 7 230 6 75 12 422 25 413 44,069 20,920 17, 325 18,404 4,884 1,201 613 913 681 606 1,400 1,558 400 829 1,507 1,235 360 3,245 6,259 975 3,967 8, 930 1,427 850 4,157 4,157 27,439 2,485 13,226 897 10,196 899 12,212 821 3,335 549 1,292 311 306 101 631 29 1,648 152 300 31 539 65 1,076 77 632 89 183 23 179 22 441 61 807 96 203 15 1,372 171 6,663 259 358 124 1,183 227 4,689 427 852 143 457 38 3,797 203 1,429 233 4,561 2,042 1,869 1,651 1,330 697 164 163 214 73 91 104 254 41 16 278 162 10 566 437 54 352 1,134 95 47 161 309 10,307 4,681 4,439 3,722 2,847 1,456 263 459 157 271 250 601 87 66 32 1,049 1,075 216 780 2,281 423 107 563 782 1 Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 3; Indiana, 4- Iowa 1- Maine, 3; Michigan, 1- Montana, 1; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Temiessee, 3; Texas, 2; Wisconsin 3. GENERAL CABLES. 659 TABLE 223 SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materia-ls, Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. MIRRORS, FRAMED AND XTNFKAMED. United Slates. 1914 182 148 119 103 45 7 11 14 13 7 5 8 8 3 6 6 55 6 11 13 3 4 20 3,184 2,994 2,649 2,555 1,404 77 206 86 326 139 113 132 189 14 64 147 1,012 263 116 255 12 81 246 4,673 3,862 2,795 2,333 663 S6,617 4,890 3,869 3,184 1,696 166 229 181 569 197 167 214 317 17 95 386 2,550 414 187 661 19 197 347 $1,968 1,763 1,375 1,232 842 43 107 89 216 78 65 85 114 11 33 80 634 115 76 143 9 66 164 $6,014 6,905 4,587 4,996 3,274 213 197 246 660 256 208 230 342 26 88 316 1,840 635 163 450 21 168 365 $10, 189 9,571 7,605 8,004 6,001 304 489 437 1,075 403 308 441 541 SO 152 608 3,167 915 361 800 53 274 704 $4,175 3,666 3,018 3,008 2,727 1899 1889 1879 ■' 91 1869 25 145 469 227 208 185 442 34 90 121 1,189 288 246 327 32 300 370 292 States, 1914. 191 415 147 100 211 Michigan 199 24 04 192 New Yoik 1, 327 280 Ohio 198 360 32 106 All other states ^ ... 339 MODELS AND PATTEEN3, NOT INCLUDING PAPEK PATTEENS. United States. 1914 762 709 647 530 456 233 165 48 6 40 5 22 10 76 18 9 10 66 29 13 23 40 140 98 6 79 12 4 11 24 27 4,274 4,171 2,780 2,607 1,627 815 867 240 31 102 11 113 38 451 82 18 32 318 269 100 97 313 1,193 519 10 377 62 2 17 117 43 6,149 , 86 4,368 3,021 1,879 6,534 6,576 2,896 2,250 1,596 447 636 101 4 119 11 88 64 444 69 56 32 260 196 111 98 413 1,997 748 14 560 27 8 29 124 66 3,103 2,929 1,788 1,565 1,006 422 408 112 12 74 9 97 23 336 62 22 21 248 235 81 66 268 763 393 11 264 29 1 12 76 33 2,045 2,876 922 826 511 224 236 32 4 50 5 36 15 193 32 27 12 83 66 32 43 112 924 183 5 162 9 2 7 41 16 8,605 8,868 4,545 3,834 2,734 1,021 1,211 236 22 231 25 223 76 882 143 84 52 695 432 136 192 562 3,073 896 33 585 68 10 42 186 ' 80 6,660 1909 5,992 1904 3,623 1899 , 3,009 1889 2,223 1879 797 1869 423 975 1859 204 1849 2 18 States, 1914. Cali tomia 359 28 133 33 634 99 47 90 321 267 72 126 421 1,152 1,036 47 803 43 30 66 199 144 181 Colorado 20 187 District ol Columbia Illinois . . 61 689 HI 67 Maryland 40 512 Michigan . 366 Minnesota 103 149 New Jersey 450 2,149 Ohio 713 28 Pennsylvania 433 59 8 Washington 35 145 All other states * 64 'Includes- Alabama, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 1; Iowa, 2; Louisiana, 1; Maryland, 2; Nebraska, 2; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 1; Teimessee, 4; Utah, 1; Virginia, 2; Washington, 2. "Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Delaware, 2; Florida, 1; Georgia, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 3; Maine, 3; Mississippi, 2; Nebraslca, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Tennessee, 4; Utah, 2; Vu^gmia, 2; West Virginia. 1. 660 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES : 1914. TABU! 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPA.RATIVE TOR TUE UNITED STATE?! BY STATES FOR 1914— Uontinued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. MOTOKCYCLES, BICYCLES, AND PAKTS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 .,. States, 1914. Illinois Indiana Massachusetts New York Ohio Pennsylvania .\11 other states i 78 6,680 95 4,437 101 3,319 312 17, 525 27 1,797 13 911 4 203 6 2,135 16 653 9 752 8 156 22 1,870 8,753 6,932 5,730 19, 847 1,558 1,041 485 2,104 991 1,951 122 2,059 $18, 135 $4, 739 9,780 2,908 5,883 1,971 29,784 8,190 2,058 982 1,584 751 911 117 7,183 1,567 f,704 454 2,719 518 340 111 3,694 1,221 $10, 928 5,083 2,628 16, 792 719 2,260 369 3,194 840 1,634 186 2,465 $22, 234 10, 699 5,153 31,916 2,568 4,065 675 7,021 1,650 2,931 352 5,540 MUCILAGE AND PASTE. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 Stales, 19H. Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 127 700 127 538 111 470 116 458 55 309 4 9 7 21 9 41 4 8 22 103 3 9 6 53 26 300 14 44 13 92 30 50 2,456 2,335 1,505 1,426 887 18 113 11 667 1 260 759 118 271 256 3,550 399 2,717 286 2,430 237 1,220 193 749 120 3 3 22 9 99 19 14 3 820 73 4 5 83 35 1,761 160 110 24 446 48 213 32 3,338 3,283 2,301 1,613 755 9 82 HI 33 997 7 217 1,044 108 572 249 5,695 4,918 3,656 2,556 1,277 17 126 193 59 ,563 17 509 ,874 199 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS, ,NOT SPECIFIED. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879. 1869 3 1859. States, 1914. California.. Illinois Indiana Kentucky.. Maine 241 1,831 187 1,822 181 2,139 229 2,405 293 1,066 84 573 83 1,059 78 560 17 20 27 378 12 395 3 3 i 662 9 352 503 1 5 3,858 1,161 3,298 992 3,743 1,162 3,896 1,232 1,329 606 655 293 1,352 632 375 267 43 17 691 237 1,216 264 8 2 ,130 ,205 611 386 933 271 15 250 156 1 1 !,625 1,228 1,482 1,396 ,889 854 i,019 735 65 719 742 1 Includes: California, 3 establishments; Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 2; Iowa, 1; Michigan, 4; Minnesota 3: New Jersey, 1; Wisconsin, 6. 2 Includes: California, 2 establishments; Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 2; Iowa, 3; Maryland, 1; Minnesota, 3; Nebraska, 2; New Jersey, 5; North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 1; Texas, 2; Wisconsin 4. 3 Musical instruments not specified. ' GENERAL TABLES. 661 TABtE 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average Ush- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS, NOT SPECIFIED— Continued. States, J9/.i— Continued. Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Oregon -. Pennsylvania Washington All other states ^ 25 282 14 139 4 4 b 9 7 242 61 227 6 1 18 73 8 2 31 68 302 76 12 3 244 192 4 97 3 62 J319 $205 29H 95 12 2 24 5 457 112 474 136 « 1 179 46 11) 1 124 40 S163 47 2 6 128 186 6 24 1 39 S419 329 21 17 354 636 17 133 13 149 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, ORGANS.' United States. 1914 1909 1904 1859 States, 1914. Illinois Massachusetts New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ■' . 85 3,063 86 2,383 94 3,623 60 716 10 232 9 205 16 648 8 123 8 163 34 1,692 3,334 4,085 321 180 416 191 223 2,336 8,042 1,993 4,554 1,429 7,204 2,035 603 343 433 141 599 200 1,726 408 181 75 272 97 4,831 1,072 2,660 1,723 2,069 326 168 184 439 112 110 1,647 6,297 4,746 6,042 972 424 471 1,260 239 267 3,636 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, PIANOS.' United States. 1914 1909 1904 1859 States, 19U. Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states < 255 23,877 294 25, 497 249 21,002 110 3,482 6,682 43 12 1,585 19 2,362 12 925 8 862 103 8,202 13 707 13 646 6 496 26 1,431 25, 981 23,246 17, 467 6,569 3,229 2,595 1,481 1,426 6,565 553 ,708 101, 746 15,705 81,644 15, 737 49,649 12, 170 3,644 1,930 36,453 4,417 6,873 1,039 9,460 1,526 6,446 587 2,053 557 30,668 5,510 2,042 447 2,402 389 1,264 307 5,106 926 29,091 32,819 19, 688 1,728 7,058 1,612 2,313 1,128 826 12,062 1,068 750 1,4 62, 775 66, 569 46,922 5,261 16,786 3,866 5,305 2,416 1,738 24,406 1,972 1,505 1,470 3,311 • Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Colorado, V, Connecticut, 5; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 3; Maryland, 2; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 2; Ohio, 10; Rhode Island, 1; Texas, 1; Wisconsm, 3. ' Comparable figures not available for 1899, 1889, 1879, and 1869. ' Includes: California, 3 establishments; Connecticut, 2; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 2; Kentucky, 3; Maine, 1; Maryland, 3; Micliigan, 3; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 3; North Carolina, 1; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 3. ' Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; CSlifornia, 2; Connecticut, 5; Iowa, 2; Kentucky, 3; Maine, 1; Maryland, 3; Minnesota, 3; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1; New Hampsliire, 1; Oregon, 1; Washmgton, 1. 662 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTTJBES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAH AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horsfr- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, PIANO AND ORGAN MATERIALS. ■United States. 1914 1909 1904 States, 1914. Connecticut Illinois Massacliusetts New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states i 138 10,616 127 10, 140 101 8,466 12 1,544 18 1,420 24 1,349 41 3,752 6 915 113 30 1,523 14, 702 15, 043 8,582 1,857 1,717 2,330 4,646 1,014 141 3,097 $21,201 $5,655 17, 137 5,696 11,629 4,322 2,991 785 2,455 678 2,410 783 8,661 2,058 1,622 500 257 69 2,815 . 782 S9,502 9,223 6,330 1,758 1,096 1,206 3,254 493 198 1.498 319,876 18,475 13, 128 3,221 2,496 2,438 7,405 1,333 313 2,670 NEEDLES, PIX3, AND HOOKS AND EYES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1869 States, 191i. Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire. . . . New Jersey New York All other states ^ 49 5,339 49 4,638 46 3,965 52 2,663 55 1,827 45 1,305 48 841 25 508 12 3,068 4 535 6 366 7 515 6 230 14 626 4,813 4,542 2,440 2,103 1,183 653 ,235 390 247 329 187 425 9,424 2,507 6,705 2,064 5,332 1,596 4,618 1,067 2,270 756 1,565 481 801 359 463 144 4,984 1,548 1,176 2^8 214 159 664 215 395 92 2,001 225 3,242 2,329 1,684 1,228 776 806 446 358 2,339 190 47 201 102 363 7,891 6,694 4,751 3,238 2,109 1,748 1.225 ■725 5,109 577 260 597 307 1,041 NETS AND SEINES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859< 15 1,058 13 954 12 824 19 748 22 618 13 210 9 80 8 64 1,940 1,468 260 266 267 20 2,678 379 2,468 290 2,043 244 1,161 222 1,136 190 141 54 101 21 18 10 2,267 1,378 1,141 866 635 180 105 23 1,898 1,725 1,476 1,002 292 157 53 United States fi 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 6 116 6 li:i 6 142 7 171 7 U2 333 289 367 375 290 342 488 416 276 235 232 241 284 232 359 3:;S Mlil 410 363 1 Includes: California, 3 establishments: Indiana, 2; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 2; New Hamp- shire, 1; New Jersey, 13; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Vermont, 3; Washington, 1. 2 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Illinois, 1; Michigan, 2; Ohio, 1; Oregon, 1; Pennsylvania, 7; Rhode Island, 1. a Includes in 1914: Connecticut, 2 establishments; Illinois, 3; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Missouri, 1; New .Jersey, 1; Pennsylvania, 3. ^ "Fishinglines, nets and tackle" and "nets." 6 Includes, in 1914: California, 2 establishments; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 1- Minnesota 1- New Jersey, 1. ' ' GENEBAL TABLES. 663 Table aC3.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTBIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continiiod. ' TEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- Hients. Wage num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. OIL, COTTONSEED, AND CAKE. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 1911 Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas All other states i 882 21,810 817 17,071 715 15,540 369 11,007 119 6,906 45 3,319 26 664 7 183 84 2,028 4.3 1,165 4 118 153 4,212 37 1,127 67 2,336 62 1,586 60 851 97 2,037 24 1,054 233 4,471 18 825 249,781 192,342 150, 246 73,071 25,756 1,207 21,671 13,001 1,125 43,143 11,097 25,272 15,874 16,315 24,690 10,802 60, 772 6,019 $118,073 (8,490 91,086 5,835 73,770 4,838 34, 451 3,143 12, 809 1,494 3,862 881 1,225 292 351 77 8,336 697 5,836 511 757 45 18,818 1,376 7,217 487 9,373 850 8,434 536 6,465 360 9,067 639 5,076 419 27,974 2,087 10,720 483 $180,976 119,833 80,030 45, 166 14,363 5,091 1,334 12,340 7,600 820 27,236 16,165 14,438 13,114 6,283 13,643 9,201 36, 177 23,969 $212,127 147,868 96,408 68, 727 19,336 7,691 2,206 741 14,982 9,249 1,016 32,715 18, 106 17,600 15,269 7,590 16,380 11,414 41,945 25, 861 OIL, ESSENTIAL. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 19U. Indiana Michigan New York All other states *. . . . 105 249 68 290 52 132 47 168 67 197 124 278 118 2,365 45 74 29 61 53 38 5 13 18 137 2,309 1,218 1,048 465 43 619 120 1,627 1,617 133 1,365 123 723 70 576 61 102 29 68 24 146 33 36 12 178 30 369 17 75 9 995 77 1,566 1,255 1,111 589 130 126 274 87 18 226 132 1,189 2,314 1,737 1,465 813 256 249 631 124 102 492 171 1,549 OIL, LINSEED. UniUi States. 1914.. 25 29 30 48 62 81 77 94 168 6 6 3 10 1,488 1,452 1,349 1,328 1,886 1,416 945 814 479 400 538 150 400 15,511 13,211 9,473 8,491 7,101 39,873 18,932 9,850 16,461 14,003 5,873 3,863 2,593 897 9,066 15,025 2,962 12,830 1,127 893 786 693 977 682 458 286 144 326 378 116 307 39,555 31,035 23,153 24,396 19,376 12,874 7,216 5,044 1,478 11,279 14,121 3,642 10,613 44,883 36, 739 27, 577 27, 184 23,634 15,394 8,882 5,982 1,949 12,357 16,687 3,968 11,881 5,328 1909 5,704 1904 4,424 1899 . 2,788 1889 4,159 1879 2,620 1869 2,668 1,666 1869 938 1849 471 ; States, 19H. Minnesota ... . 4,467 5,147 1,603 4,294 1,078 2,56e Ohio... . 316 1,368 Unoludes: Arizona, 1 establishment; California, 1; Illinois, 2; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Missouri, 5; New Jersey, 2; Ohio, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Virginia, 2. 2 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Coimecticut, 6; Kentucky, 1; Massachusetts, 1; New Hamp- shire, 2; New Jersey, 3; Pennsylvania, 2; Tennessee, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 'Includes: Illinois, 4 establishments; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; New Jersey, 1; Oregon, 1; Wisconsin, 2. 664 CENSUS OP MANTJFACTUEES : 1914. Table 223 SUMMARY FOB INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOE 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- factiu-e. Expressed to thousands. OIL, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1869 1849 States, 191i. Delaware Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 181 193 190 204 151 112 184 105 124 2,049 1,769 1,348 1,505 1,019 1,076 2,244 699 942 138 21 9 303 21 426 180 138 477 336 10, 984 6.157 5,707 3,692 2,498 '"2! 665" 745 60 1 885 50 3,475 693 495 2,213 2,367 827,630 $1,363 19,479 1,092 11,854 780 10,428 767 6,040 619 3,616 467 4,408 688 3,292 274 3,342 314 1,043 40 176 14 63 5 1,708 197 148 16 6,866 299 1,345 106 1,198 106 9,418 333 5,675 249 S26, 420 22,068 14,925 11,268 7,291 7,514 11,514 7,957 8,266 338 319 95 2,239 177 6,822 1,942 1,888 7,538 6,062 $38,040 31,770 23,566 19,007 11, 750 9,308 15,340 9,711 10,116 603 666 121 2,975 281 9,290 2,665 2,676 12,273 6,590 $11,620 9,702 8,641 7,739 4,459 1,794 3,826 1,764 1,860 265 247 26 736 104 2,468 723 788 4,735 1,528 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM, FLOOR, United States 1014 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 1914. New Jersey Pennsylvania All other states 2 18 4,428 19 4,225 16 3,355 18 2,718 19 1,521 26 34 1,735 1,411 7 1,858 6 1,803 6 767 18,782 14,158 8,703 6,421 1,959 424 7,438 9,554 1,790 20,292 2,604 14,722 2,309 10,108 1,720 7,176 1,327 3,704 746 3,430 733 2,237 687 8,666 1,086 9,447 1,072 2,179 447 11,262 10, 146 6,779 4,853 2,380 3,119 2,649 5,433 4,647 1,172 17,602 16,813 10,388 7,807 3,878 4,763 4,212 8,653 7,166 1,784 6,350 6,668 3,609 2,964 1,498 1,634 1,603 3,220 2,518 612 OILCLOTH, ENAMELED, United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, Wli- New Jersey All other states ^ 13 1,223 12 976 11 628 9 512 9 341 4 268 3 332 10- 891 3,490 1,967 1,409 1,140 710 785 2,705 7,749 609 4,912 616 3,695 224 1,703 301 773 183 316 117 2,317 201 6,432 408 6,624 6,405 3,271 2,696 984 864 2,226 4,298 7,996 7,526 4,404 3,596 1,603 1,062 2,731 5,265 1,472 2,121 1,133 900 619 198 605 967 1 Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; California, 6; Georgia, 2; Indiana, 3; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 3; North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee,!; Utah, 1; Washington, 2; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 3. 2 Includes: Illinois, 1 establishment; Indiana, 1; Maine, 1; Michigan, 1; New York, 2. * Includes: CaUIomia, 1 establishment; Illinois,!; Maine,!; Massachusetts, 2; Missouri,!; New York, 1; Ohio, 3. GENEEAL TABLES. 665 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Contmued. YEAR AND STATE. Nujn- Wage bOTOf earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- Dower. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in f housands. Value added by manu- facture. OLEOMABGARINE. United StatesA 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 17 917 12 606 14 622 24 1,084 12 264 16 599 3,611 2,408 1,660 1,356 454 12,994 «584 3,568 413 1,561 316 3,024 534 635 164 1,680 213 110,267 6,497 4,398 7,640 2,175 5,486 J15,080 8,148 6,574 12,600 2,989 6,893 OPTICAL GOODS. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869! States, 1911,. California Colorado Georgia Indiana Iowa Massaciiusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington All other states = 314 7,919 217 6,398 122 4,330 91 3,715 191 2,507 62 32 1,088 261 16 75 4 27 7 47 14 63 9 46 13 2,366 9 141 8 54 4 122 7 48 12 90 70 2,988 20 175 5 11 37 854 5 17 8 29 8 22 4 20 10 22 44 712 7,792 5,725 3,410 2,544 53 43 29 23 36 26 3,048 84 19 34 27 102 11 370 12 30 13 17, Oil 4,649 10,147 3,394 5,381 1,923 4,212 1,699 2,608 1,010 644 451 186 134 288 69 68 • 18 69 35 192 44 136 25 3,726 1,390 390 76 61 38 332 62 225 28 141 47 7,287 1,824 343 103 33 10 1,440 377 66 8 117 26 61 12 23 13 70 20 1.943 424 4,187 2,320 2,101 1,324 417 184 192 62 95 65 64 1,196 129 75 431 166 69 1,712 216 21 801 45 88 27 22 63 1,077 18,188 11, 735 6,117 6,211 3,506 1,182 433 448 138 198 212 164 3,993 288 219 736 331 181 5,692 617 64 2,023 89 206 84 46 143 2,316 United States. 1914. 685 688 449 419 382 244 143 45 4 13,349 11, 864 9,781 8,151 7,044 4,483 2,940 563 22 62,965 50, 666 37,455 26,344 22, 734 99,673 77,886 55,783 42, 602 34, 009 13,555 11,166 1,615 13 8,315 6,737 5,063 3,930 3,569 2,132 1,667 214 5 71, 688 62, 458 46, 306 33, 799 24, 931 17,063 11, 469 1,667 6 112, 409 94, 572 67,278 50,875 40, 438 23,391 16,932 2,575 77 40, 821 1909 32, 114 1904. 20,972 1899 17,076 1889.. . .• .. 15, 607 1879. 6,328 1869 7,392 6,463 1859. 1,008 1849 71 1 Includes for 1914: lUmois, 4 establishments; Maryland, 1; .Massachusetts, 1: Missouri, 3; New Jersey, 2; Ohio, 2; Rhode Island, 4. 2 "Spectacles and eyeglasses" and "artificial eyes." „. ^ . ,. ,„, ,. „ t, , , m- • .n s Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 4; District of Columbia, 3; Idaho 1; Illinois 10, Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 5; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; New Hampshffe, 2; North Carohna, 3; North Dakota, 1; Rhode Island, 3; South Carolina, 1; South Dakota, 1; Wisconsin, 6. 666 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY POE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 19U— Continued. IttAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PAINTS— continue d . States, 1914 California Colorado Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington West Virginia , Wisconsin All other states i... 31 372 7 54 3 8 6 27 40 1,670 17 114 4 26 16 151 6 133 22 394 21 695 11 124 27 552 6 67 31 1,333 105 2,655 65 1,697 5 18 91 2,492 9 84 8 35 4 46 6 23 3 19 9 192 32 369 1,554 403 40 322 8,304 631 226 815 398 1,219 2,543 1,046 2,715 400 6,479 12,234 7,709 137 11, 120 1,180 165 190 191 195 985 1,754 $2,304 $292 278 33 44 4 250 11 15,998 986 462 74 155 14 709 93 669 77 2,267 234 7,224 490 1,151 89 4,985 368 833 45 9,269 770 19, 124 1,735 12,518 1,032 393 13 15, 942 1,488 533 48 278 21 150 21 198 14 151 14 1,357 104 2,431 245 S2,717 317 27 162 12,447 618 94 1,055 616 1,829 3,383 973 3,531 624 7,555 13, 823 8,909 122 9,503 389 159 114 151 61 1,127 1,332 Jt3,801 453 49 225 19,043 863 156 1,519 963 3,332 6,110 1,499 5,450 958 10,863 22, 426 14, 824 161 14,207 621 284 184 265 111 1,586 2,466 PAPEE AND WOOD FUlP. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 ' 1869 1869 1849 Slates, 1914. Connecticut Delaware Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine Maryland Massachiisetts Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 718 88, 467 777 76, 978 761 65, 964 763 49, 646 649 31, 050 742 677 26, 631 18, 021 565 443 44 10,911 6,785 1,898 7 591 21 1,704 24 1,620 3 87 3 239 38 10,033 13 1,586 86 13, 401 37 6,051 8 1,345 30 3,905 2,927 13, 670 5,430 7,447 1,264 1,260 1,033 33 150 48 53 23 8 8 58 8,968 4,098 23 1,621,154 1,304,265 1,093,708 762,118 297,724 64,287 21,111 5,954 24, 613 20, 719 1,312 2,344 246, 121 15, 028 133, 860 62,628 63, 269 118, 123 29, 696 392, 268 50, 013 76, 305 42, 066 13, 685 11, 735 191, 693 110, 822 534, 626 53, 246 409, 348 40, 806 277, 444 32, 019 167, 508 20, 746 89,830 13,205 48, 140 8,970 34,556 7,209 14,053 2,767 7,261 1,498 6,899 1,141 3,503 327 9,994 1,118 9,742 916 350 54 870 122 80,443 6,764 9,133 926 47,980 7,549 22, 953 3,559 16, 540 983 28,831 2,613 13,698 1,709 110, 846 8,677 22, 974 3,378 34,962 3,483 9,724 811 7,511 692 4,080 606 48, 812 5,339 44,780 2,789 213,181 332, 147 166,442 267,667 111,252 188, 715 70, 530 127, 326 44, 228 78,937 34, 862 67, 367 30,059 48,849 11,602 21,217 5,556 10,187 4,007 5,969 1,753 2,484 4,265 6,952 4,314 6,234 183 280 403 610 25,458 40,180 4,126 6,150 26. 611 43, 353 14,545 22, 050 3,246 5,573 12, 537 17,708 7,181 10, 931 36, 930 56,336 16, 109 23, 284 16, 047 26, 439 3,004 4,776 3,424 5,501 1,735 2,804 20,668 31, 205 7,736 14,328 'Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Connecticut, 9; Delaware,4; District of Columbia, 1 ; Kansas, 2; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 1; Nevada, 1; North Carolina, 3; Oklahoma, 1; Rhode Island, 4; South Carolina, 1; Ul!ili,2. 2 Includes: California, 5 establishments; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Mississippi, 1; North Carolina, 3; Oregon, 5; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Texas, 2; Washington, 3. GENERAL TABLES. 667 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STAT;E. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PAPER GOODS, NOT ELSE"WHERE SPECIFIED. United States. ♦1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, 1914. Connecticut District of Columbia Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia.." ■ Wisconsin All other states ^ 310 13, 495 313 12, 983 232 9,842 190 6,117 66 1,519 6 48 4 68 24 407 6 659 49 4,048 3 10 5 232 24 907 95 3,364 23 1,479 14 361 6 170 7 188 44 1,654 27,366 22, 436 13,071 7,865 2,316 147 88 418 1,037 7,519 12 184 2,362 6,841 3,035 432 288 860 4,143 $37,809 $6,850 33,838 5,528 18,198 3,713 11,371 2,243 2,922 611 131 24 235 30 916 169 1,096 260 9,501 2,115 47 6 353 116 4,139 475 9,460 1,674 4,208 786 1,242 172 371 36 590 97 5,520 891 $28, 120 21,014 12,744 9,820 2,627 91 118 996 1,195 5,837 23 483 2,916 7,164 2,306 1,016 236 392 5,351 $48,871 37, 938 22, 159 16,785 4,179 164 251 1,591 1,857 10,600 54 773 4,674 12,648 5,337 1,744 377 743 8,058 PAPEK PATTEENS. United States. 1914 25 27 26 15 27 4 13 12 1,073 921 1,082 835 409 97 856 217 362 751 38 9 2,612 4,578 2,237 256 156 106 2,023 689 677 407 446 262 109 41 456 122 626 646 337 126 86 44 446 180 3,026 2,611 2,266 562 377 613 1,997 1,029 2,400 1909 1,965 1904 1,928 1899 437 1889 292 1879 468 States, 19U. New York 157 206 1,661 849 ■>*• 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1S79. 1869. 1859. 1849. United States. States, 19U. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida PATENT MEDICINES AND COMPOUTTDS. 2,903 2,838 '2, 245 1,719 1,127 563 319 173 143 27 21 104 18 V 3 17 18 13,328 11, 030 10, 980 11, 606 7,068 4,025 2,436 1,069 827 36 26 192 23 223 123 24 18,642 14, 704 10, 092 8,223 2,928 497 16 30 460 22 70 71,437 6,675 55,387 4,744 45, 612 4,352 36, 678 4,334 18,597 2,956 10,621 1,652 6,668 1,018 1,977 372 1,427 276 128 18 88 12 1,243 115 52 13 643 81 2 843 44 204 11 35, 940 26,896 21,293 18,000 11,031 6,706 7,320 1,492 1,658 60 67 693 42 497 1 147 102, 463 83,771 74,621 -68,988 32,620 14,682 16,258 3,466 3,508 176 162 1,574 104 1,442 2 477 116 ■Includes; Arkansas, 1 establishment; California, 5; Delaware, 1; Florida 1; Georgia, 2; Iowa 2; Maine, ' 2; Michigan, 11; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 2; North Carolma, 1; Rhode Island, 9; South Carolma, 1; Vermont, 2; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1. ,,. . • , xr t o ^m.- ■> aincludes; California, 1 establishment; Illinois, 3; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1; New Jersey, 3; Ohio, 3. 668 CENSUS OF MANUFACTXJEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE' UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. ■Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PATENT MEDICINES AND COMPOUNDS— Continued. States, 1914~Contmu0d. Georgia Dlinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana , Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Ohio Oklahoma , Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Washington Wisconsin , All other states i 41 129 153 265 1,113 1,694 124 344 440 73 292 612 27 64 53 32 349 825 18 38 14 24 99 64 60 418 647 130 894 1,241 102 1,029 821 84 561 923 6 168 5 787 642 4 2 6 27 92 234 U 14 13 108 696 1,804 566 2,794 3,209 26 74 17 198 640 1,449 13 16 7 20 42 25 237 814 1,045 23 25 34 6 11 2 3 62 1 516 736 49 74 87 11 19 9 12 119 283 28 29 80 51 194 94 49 387 619 $565 $50 7,970 662 1,262 171 2,704 150 380 31 1,436 140 132 13 260 38 1,482 178 3,967 473 3,848 558 6,258 264 26 2 4,377 6 304 384 1 72 57 6 4,351 379 15, 153 1,530 424 27 3,028 294 32 10 112 22 3,930 405 151 16 26 3 1 1 3,008 197 487 31 111 7 749 57 239 11 601 86 1,897 122 $542 $1,089 3,670 11,471 746 2,425 1,148 3,760 168 413 690 2,011 78 264 185 434 954 2,958 2,139 5,782 1,476 3,871 2,166 4,584 15 26 1,930 6,829 3 8 220 562 27 76 1,977 5,002 8,592 25,651 260 612 2,273 5,612 25 62 109 217 2,087 5,734 49 134 43 66 1 4 1,393 4,026 154 490 55 100 327 1,019 96 200 342 973 564 2,045 PAVING MATERULS.2 United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1S99- 1879. 1869. States, 19H. Alabama California Connecticut Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa ICansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts.. Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey . . . . New York 609 19, 540 49 1,419 54 1,919 99 2,436 46 757 8 189 8 280 41 1,167 11 214 5 124 5 253 22 1,659 23 562 19 326 4 179 18 679 16 548 11 342 9 • 570 7 184 25 652 29 1.264 54 2,414 138,026 6,767 5,156 34, 397 145 1,643 12,868 1,890 310 1,200 7,941 6,025 2,990 960 2,460 3,009 2,651 9,046 920 2,606 8,756 17,560 57,432 11,184 11,410 750 6,218 963 13,464 1,144 746 244 140 119 486 112 4,957 966 804 114 229 55 313 118 6,066 1,053 1,630 325 809 178 1,663 123 525 263 1,170 295 618 208 4,264 443 562 153 947 320 4,417 727 9,208 1,324 14, 163 3,478 2,666 1,582 576 219 272 2,501 73 24 45 1,085 266 93 264 134 383 178 381 267 147 2,641 1,436 35, 678 6,229 5,033 3,936 1,024 447 525 4,513 281 106 210 2,963 966 364 492 617 888 612 1,229 651 671 4,434 3,965 1 Includes: North Dakota, 1 establishment; 2 Comparable figures not available for 1889. Virginia, 32; West Virginia, 16. GENERAL TABLES. 669 Tabie 223.— summary for INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. PAVING MATERIALS— <;ontinued. States, J9f.J— Continued, North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Daiota Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin All other statesi 6 508 66 1,957 3 100 4 26 111 2,267 6 43 5 245 3 75 12 223 18 397 3 10 21 642 13 422 16 872 15 336 1,196 23, 885 625 1,201 12,266 155 1,760 180 1,189 2,173 105 2,110 2,694 4,161 1,603 S658 8338 7,395 1,169 51 48 228 22 5,194 1,172 25 25 216 67 81 46 227 88 690 191 35 6 1,245 280 403 230 1,760 661 586 184 $96 723 23 98 1,473 10 43 21 48 299 2 555 138 319 235 3486 3,507 91 131 3,674 48 189 70 212 618 14 1,135 671 1,116 540 PEANUTS, GRADING, ROASTING, GLEANING, AND SHELLING. United States. 1914 1909 1904 States, mi,. District of Columbia. North Carolina Pennsylvania Texas Virginia All other states ' 61 2,363 46 1,949 30 1,366 3 6 9 186 7 234 5 66 25 1.506 12 357 4,235 2,827 1,602 22 318 176 290 2,973 456 3,615 569 3,646 351 1,169 20S 8 2 346 31 236 82 107 18 2,332 328 586 108 12,571 8,612 6,324 14 841 870 198 9,618 1,130 14, 996 9,737 7,261 18 1,030 1,103 248 10, 981 1,616 PENCILS, LEAD. United States.' 1914 14 11 8 7 5 4 8 4,330 4,134 3,066 2,162 1,388 399 160 3,738 3,448 2,625 1,,360 713 10,670 7,867 4,981 2,227 3,101 342 261 1,944 1,712 1,059 683 450 102 51 4,664 3,596 1,804 1,031 796 97 68 8,328 7,379 4,426 2,222 1,688 279 181 3,764 1909 3,783 1904 . ... 2,622 1899 1,191 1889 892 1879 182 1869- . . 273 123 PENS, rOUNTAIN AND STTLOGKAPHIC. United States. 1914 55 50 33 23 15 8 3 22 4 18 1,154 817 624 318 152 68 80 528 29 449 1,157 477 272 406 160 29 24 202 41 861 3,270 2,478 1,098 591 142 48 160 1,705 175 1,182 718 456 308 141 74 41 61 341 13 272 1,614 1,668 892 351 123 92 158 769 34 571 6,865 3,542 2,082 906 352 171 402 4,695 125 1,572 5,251 1909 1,874 1904 1,190 1899. 556 1889 . . . 229 States, 1914. Illinois.... 79 Massachusetts 244 New York 3,836 91 1,001 1 Includes: Arkansas, 6 establishments; Colorado, 1; Delaware, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Louisiana, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 2; Nevada, 1. ^ Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; Illinois, 1; Louisiana, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Missouri, 4; Ohio, 3. ' Includes in 1914: Georgia, 1 establishment; Illinois, 1; Kansas, 1; New Jersey, 4; New York, 4; Pennsyl- vania, 2; Rhode Island, 1. 'Includes: California, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 1; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 3; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 1; NewJfiranv a. nviin c. Wj " 670 CENSUS OF MANUPACTUBES : IML TABLE 223.— SUMMAEY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOE 1914— Continued. ' YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PENS, GOLD. United States. 12 15 16 22 18 16 21 9 3 246 408 309 378 301 264 242 212 34 138 92 77 121 58 S408 643 447 496 474 370 268 382 26 $174 255 225 230 186 172 134 149 25 S302 578 274 313 236 191 182 265 37 S642 1,197 692 799 718 533 467 574 68 S340 619 1904 418 1899 486 482 1869 61 100 38 285 States, 19U- 309 31 PENS, STEEL. United Sla,2s.'' 1914 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 573 699 663 473 496 280 267 244 244 294 138 100 871 804 676 357 399 183 175 243 230 205 138 132 89 60 117 95 103 52 57 39 60 513 577 474 294 268 164 180 396 482 1904 371 1899 242 1889 211 1879 1869...' 125 130 38 PERFUMERY AND COSMETICS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1S99 1889 1879 1869 1859 184.9 States, 1914- Califoniia Colorado Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland , Massachusetts Michigan Mmnesota Missouri New York Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania liiio iG Island , Tennessee Texas Wisconsin All other states ^ 496 2,897 429 2,375 292 2,082 262 1,764 157 1,396 64 727 33 535 39 188 16 20 4 15 60 373 15 23 8 43 8 52 4 4 8 22 11 69 16 165 25 165 11 35 22 53 159 1,254 28 133 3 5 41 160 4 11 5 26 7 12 4 44 !5 215 1,913 1,375 814 671 460 122 25 123 38 73 21 104 646 114 2 131 46 1 133 257 9,647 1,280 6,788 994 4,843 769 3,490 569 2,239 602 814 238 1,173 260 597 146 198 44 169 7 47 6 656 170 56 13 304 25 65 13 14 3 208 7 167 27 540 64 528 85 97 16 426 24 4,185 600 m 46 7 4 384 58 15 2 132 8 37 6 373 18 924 79 7,465 5,634 4,782 3,135 2,128 1,201 892 460 164 64 24 691 37 203 21 10 49 122 585 397 65 282 3,516 206 9 314 7 80 32 71 16, 899 14,212 11,133 7,088 4,630 2,203 2,030 1,222 355 155 46 1,660 79 444 60 62 126 287 1,135 824 125 633 7,289 831 23 687 17 232 67 260 2,067 I Includes: Massachusetts, 2 establishments; New Jersey, 1. ^ Includes, in 1914: Michigan, 1 establishment; New Jersey, 3; Pennsylvania, 1. ' Includes: Arkansas, 2 estabUshments; Connecticut, 4; District of Columbia, 2; Georgia. 1; Maine, 2; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 2; New Jersey, 12; North Dakota, 1; Ulah,l; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 4; Washington, 2. GENEEAL TABLES. 671 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914-ContiQued. uiNiijii, DiAiiib, YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Kxpressed in thousands. Value added by manu- facture. PETROLEUM, REFINING. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 •.. 1879 1869 1850 States, WU. California Illinois Kansas New Jersey Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania All other states I 176 25,366 147 13,929 98 16,770 67 12,199 94 11,403 86 9,869 170 1,870 78 1,473 38 1,930 9 1,072 13 890 8 6,178 7 1,519 23 516 48 4,902 30 9,359 128, 468 90,268 46, 019 36,127 32,536 4,214 22,309 2,607 4,423 26, 498 4,920 3,304 37, 622 26 885 8325,646 181,916 136, 281 95,328 77, 416 27,326 6,770 4,326 30,697 9,168 10, 428 77,364 10, 427 8,657 55,394 123,711 S19,397 9,830 9,989 6,717 8,872 4,382 1,185 556 1,716 899 752 4,001 1,025 432 3,219 7,353 S3 26, 265 199, 273 139,387 102, 859 67, 919 34, 999 21, 450 3,062 38, 170 12,408 7,185 79,392 9,924 9,691 44,384 124,211 8396,361 236,998 175, 005 123, 929 85, 001 43,705 26, 942 6,398 55,528 16, 893 8,923 90, 877 11, 169 13, 014 62, 875 147,082 PHONOGRAPHS AND GRAPHOPHONES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 States, 1914. New York All other states ' 18 9,381 18 5,199 14 3,397 11 1,267 5 44 13 9,337 11,688 6,371 2,522 1,082 11,620 33,771 6,341 14, 363 2,841 8,741 1,684 3,348 608 220 34 33,551 6,307 7,048 3,099 4.161 58 6,990 27,116 11, 720 10, 237 2,246 161 26, 955 PHOTO-ENGRAVING, NOT DONE IN PRINTING ESTABLISHMENTS. United States. 1914 376 313 223 203 89 28 4 8 3 4 31. 4 3 4 5 3 3 27 12 11 6,211 6,343 3,876 2,691 1,145 201 22 100 52 33 1,255 36 5 57 30 6 68 542 129 234 3,927 2,638 1,925 1,040 153 236 46 67 31 32 1,071 23 7 32 29 6 13 301 86 84 7,703 5,474 4,071 1,994 1,136 276 38 109 33 30 2,136 37 7 62 86 7 88 501 132 267 6,167 4,750 2,916 1,750 761 230 19 77 53 33 1,184 44 3 43 19 5 57 493 132 227 2,798 2,134 1,303 725 541 79 15 40 19 8 591 19 4 11 8 3 31 170 41 91 15,369 11,624 7,268 4,190 2,072 676 69 213 137 75 3,367 118 12 94 61 12 136 1,180 338 606 1909 g 1904 1899 3 1889.. 1 States, 1914. California . . Connecticut District of Columbia Georgia Illinois Indiana . . Kentucky... Maine.. . Massachusetts. 1 ( Minnesota 'Includes: Colorado, 4 establishments; Indiana,!; Louisiana,!; Maryland, 3; Missouri,!; New York, 6; Texas, 9; West Virginia, 3; Wyoming, 2. ^Includes: Connecticut, 2 establishments; Delaware, 1; Illinois, 3; Massachusetts, 1; New Jersey, 4; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania, 1. 672 CENSUS OF MANTJFACTUBES : 1?14. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOE 19H— Continued. TEAB AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PHOTO-ENGRAVING, NOT DONE IN PRINTING ESTABLISHMENTS — Continued. States, iPi^— Continued. Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania Rhode Island , Tennessee , Texas , Washington , Wisconsin , All other states i 17 224 7 37 89 1,710 26 411 3 18 29 630 4 25 5 42 6 54 11 57 9 134 20 109 90 50 630 366 21 314 8 23 140 64 49 118 S286 $233 178 32 1,763 1,810 472 396 17 15 683 668 16 19 40 38 96 62 104 72 112 117 148 96 J61 23 912 170 S629 83 4,266 974 28 1,509 41 97 137 168 308 259 PHOTOGEAPHIC APPAEAT0S. United States. 1914 87 34 40 48 25 10 10 7 13 7 36 4 4 17 2,016 664 1,751 1,961 506 104 196 23 234 68 1,435 13 25 218 1,522 623 1,371 1,629 205 " ie' 10 314 75 795 4,397 1,012 1,988 1,860 363 91 245 33 972 179 2,594 6 36 578 1,289 393 873 780 263 41 103 16 188 48 890 7 18 122 1,535 369 786 596 165 41 174 8 184 40 1,132 3 17 161 4,273 1,184 3,479 2,026 624 104 832 73 511 121 3,063 23 61 421 2,738 1909 815 1904 2,093 1,430 1899 1889 459 1879 63 1869 658 States, 19U. California 65 327 81 NewYork 1,931 20 Ohio Pennsylvania 18 310 44 All other states ^ 270 PHOTOQEAPUIC MATERIALS.' United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, 19U. Illinois Massachusetts Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ' 69 6,668 69 4,631 90 2,061 105 1,483 45 783 5 12 5 63 561 265 4 69 5 191 24 5,991 4 40 4 46 13 66 14,960 8,114 3,690 1,883 368 233 350 13,841 61 28 31,991 4,266 17,906 2,644 6,731 923 3,668 663 1,173 420 63 26 198 124 867 138 188 36 1,065 125 29,373 3,872 74 21 217 22 207 42 LO, 004 6.339 3,376 2,782 1,107 90 176 462 149 450 8,672 41 106 124 34, 768 21,378 9.544 5,773 2,121 142 468 804 266 1,007 32, 112 114 177 * Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Arizona, 1; Arkansas, 1; Delaware, 1; Florida, 2; Iowa, 2; Mon- tana, 1; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 2; South Dakota, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, 2; West Vir- ginia, 1. 2 Includes: Colorado, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 1; Iowa, 4; Kentucky, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Mich- igan, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 4; Oregon, 2; Vermont, 1. " No census statistics for this industry were shown for 1869. ^ Includes: California, 2 establishments: Colorado, 1; Indiana, 3; Iowa, 1; Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 1; New Jersey, 3. GENEEAL TABLES. 673 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES. BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PICKLES, PEESEKVES, AND SAUCES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, Wli. Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Florida Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentuclcy ... Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Missouri Montana New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Utah Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states I....- 672 12,590 580 9,650 528 8,511 424 7,225 316 3, .577 109 930 4 9 58 896 11 106 9 75 10 8 63 1,192 22 1,224 17 305 5 71 9 350 12 114 7 11 20 94 30 353 13 119 11 70 3 5 41 447 107 2,179 39 853 49 2,568 8 14 10 114 6 43 10 70 12 94 3 38 21 133 02 1,036 18,840 12, 837 10, 223 6,572 3,467 33 1,293 133 190 4 3,017 1,645 624 188 429 116 138 170 515 108 47 10 837 1,929 2,100 3,242 19 138 125 62 177 170 141 1,440 $43, 196 S5, 789 29,450 3,745 19,440 3,068 10,993 2,238 4,913 1,159 841 259 22 6 3,328 411 373 59 243 34 63 3 3,654 538 2,978 581 1,222 140 331 33 1,377 148 325 39 87 6 189 45 1,005 205 529 64 139 36 16 3 1,711 209 5,560 1,067 2,626 369 11,332 1,131 32 6 417 42 231 18 125 23 436 64 161 16 358 52 4,327 441 $35,673 21, 797 16,635 13, 875 5,329 1,473 6 2,321 233 138 14 3,610 2,949 882 298 1,218 126 62 272 1,541 484 337 14 1,319 6,136 2,772 6,780 55 399 181 126 255 130 197 2,838 $60, 915 37, 334 29,696 23,477 9,791 2,407 21 3,819 386 250 31 5,525 5,490 1,843 393 2,027 299 2,351 757 472 20 2,202 9,675 4,222 13, 830 77 693 228 210 462 166 328 4,677 PIPES, TOBACCO. United States. 1914 47 62 68 98 69 37 31 4 3 7 20 13 2,354 2,775 1,947 1,586 1,206 646 481 83 41 301 1,492 437 1,716 1,606 1,058 865 886 3,232 3,528 1,256 1,111 1,433 234 179 242 41 314 1,330 1,305 1,188 1,255 831 738 572 226 215 45 26 109 776 232 2,308 2,469 1,354 1,106 627 210 94 43 23 229 1,597 416 4,220 6,312 2,834 2,472 1,881 629 447 155 58 433 2,689 885 1,912 1909 2,853 1904 1,480 1899 1,366 1889 1,254 1879 419 1869 338 61 30 332 696 597 3o3 States, 1914. 112 35 204 1,092 469 1 Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Delaware, 3; District of Columbia 1; Georgia, 2; Michigan, 39; Mississippi, 1; Nebraska, 3; North Carolina, 2; North Dakota, 1; Oregon, 4; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 'i Includ^: Iowa, 1 establishment; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 1; New Jersey, ft; Oregon, 1; Pennsylvania, 2; Virginia, 2. 67031°— 17- -43 674 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAB AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PLATED WARE. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1SS9 1879 1869 1859 1849 StaUs, WI4. Connecticut Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania All other states 1 . . . 72 8,717 68 7,967 60 6,281 66 6,392 68 6,617 55 4,675 203 4,235 128 2,499 91 1,276 26 5,402 6 372 21 2,227 4 80 15 636 10, 499 7,431 6,295 5,451 3,910 "'i,'879' 5,274 1,099 $22,215 35, 000 19, 112 4,460 13,830 3,360 16,486 3,088 13, 151 3,355 5,862 2,463 4,586 2,350 1,538 933 592 414 14, 198 3,010 1657 268 5,771 1,292 158 52 1,431 378 $8,304 8,247 6,449 5,875 4,648 4,100 3,772 1,739 761 5,673 230 1,812 36 553 $18, 484 18, 626 12, 139 12,609 11,603 8,596 8,142 3,676 1,536 11,943 589 4,611 147 1,194 PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. United States. 19M 1909 -1904 1899 1889 States, 1914. California Connecticut lUiaois Indiana Marj'land Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states^ 260 18,479 262 19,257 185 10, 753 174 8,024 122 4,947 8 120 11 585 23 3,422 8 635 4 620 19 627 13 709 7 313 ■ 49 1,118 43 2,042 36 4,107 9 1,367 30 3,014 28,253 26,078 12,601 7,574 3,508 285 606 4,534 804 415 888 1,391 644 2,379 4,032 5,558 2,685 4,032 48,029 11, 703 38,336 10,816 20,290 5,996 13,599 3,931 9,678 2,658 271 114 1,366 253 9,257 ■ 2,157 1,027 328 782 277 1,152 375 2,004 464 641 211 3,852 701 5,013 1,297 10, 482 2,706 3,704 926 8,478 1,894 18, 670 20,911 9,924 7,290 5,854 207 689 2,685 535 443 595 964 352 2,721 2,147 3,637 1,516 2,189 43, 386 43, 687 21,542 14, 771 11,960 482 1,360 6,260 1,071 882 1,330 1,914 741 4,382 5,129 10, 019 3,538 6,278 POCKETBOOKS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 18.59 1849 States, 1914. Illinois Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania All other states 3 64 1,466 79 1,472 46 2,281 68 1,663 62 1,208 53 1,413 60 733 46 820 37 770 3 23 10 377 36 776 5 45 10 246 243 178 317 181 156 136 11 28 1,610 702 1,893 689 2,128 797 992 589 1,122 492 598 485 351 293 208 157 145 142 6 13 523 172 743 409 61 19 277 89 1,784 1,929 1,927 1,278 969 930 468 354 35 340 1,193 38 178 3,351 3,628 3,767 2,495 2,165 1,769 1,108 706 594 52 739 2,098 363 1 Includes: Illinois, 1 establishment; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 3; New Jersey, 2; North Carolina, 1; Ohio, 1; Oregon, 2; Virginia, 1. 2 Includes: Delaware, 2 establishments; Iowa, 4; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 2; Min- nesota, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 9; I>forth Carolina, 1; Rhode Island, 3; Washington, 2; West Virginia, 1. 3 Includes: California, 2 establishments; Iowa, 1; New Jersey, 1; North Carolina, 1; Ohio, 1; Oregon, 1; Wisconsin, 3. GENERAL TABLES. 675 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTEIES: COMPABATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOE 1914— Continued. ' TEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost 01 mate- ■ rials. Value or products. Expressed in thousands. United States 1914 States, 1914. Alabama California Colorado Georgia minois Indiana Louisiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas , West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i . 350 26, 705 26 177 53 32 1,459 770 24 133 5,225 1,691 11 11,096 1,564 10 48 46 22,339 79 548 125 95 1,376 638 26 249 319 10 3,724 1,009 2 9,271 1,639 53 303 128 1,680 37 1,028 S44, 704 24 343 16S 25 3,939 1,624 30 196 601 11 11,242 3,178 12 13,873 2,403 9 247 94 5,430 20 1,338 $16, 666 9 191 915 685 9 85 199 3 3,583 965 3 6,689 866 4 20 22 2,147 4 330 S12,032 4 112 16 5 358 314 8 37 128 2 2,151 1,301 1 4,968 695 2 15 18 1,669 3 237 S36, 943 21 421 67 27 1,788 1,312 22 170 435 8 7,868 1,954 13 15,292 1,736 11 67 62 4,821 10 848 POULTBY, KILLING AND DEESSING. United States. 1914 116 ■28 8 35 10 10 6 20 1,353 109 71 481 123 172 46 351 2,230 51 60 1,081 3 206 45 784 2,282 187 141 918 94 289 104 549 622 67 33 242 22 96 26 ■ 136 11,206 1,044 669 4,022 238 2,144 440 2,649 12,917 1,244 770 4,673 276 2,387 498 3,069 1,711 200 States, 191/f. Illinois Iowa 651 243 Ohio.. .. 58 All other states - 420 FEINTING AND PUBLISHING, BOOK AND JOB. United states. 1914 12, 115 10,708 8,244 6,919 4,125 3,468 960 79 13 37 631 123 208 113, 121 108, 687 87, 746 67, 610 50, 399 58,606 17,613 455 69 186 3,172 870 1,580 115, 233 97, 546 66,188 36,973 20,065 247,282 202,062 142,016 97, 769 67,301 63,004 24,976 928 114 466 6,928 1,759 2,997 78,414 66,521 48, 721 33,642 27, 762 30,542 10, 627 290 58 117 2,634 677 968 96,453 77, 661 52,676 36, 192 29,602 32,660 16, 891 330 47 176 2,853 763 1,147 307,331 260,926 182, 612 121, 798 93,909 90,970 41, 076 1,221 180 492 9,885 2,260 3,606 210, 878 1909 173, 275 130, 037 1904 1899 1889. 64 407 1879 58^ 310 1869 4,631 440 37 186 3,214 741 1,443 25 185 States, 1914. Arizona 133 California . .... 7,032 Connecticut.'. 2,359 1 Includes; Arkansas, 2 establishments; Connecticut, 3; District of Columbia, 2; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Ken- tucky, 3: Maine, 1; Maryland, 3; Minnesota, 1; Mississippi, 1; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, 1; Washington, 2. 2 Includes: Arkansas, 2 establishments; Kansas, 8; Maryland, 1; New York, 1; Oklahoma, 2; Tennessee, 4; Texas, 2. 676 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING, BOOK AND JOB— Continued. states, /i?;.^— Continued. Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho IHinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island ' South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia , Washin^on West Virginia Wisconsin , Wyoming , 20 122 80 762 74 340 122 923 22 62 1,173 18, 892 277 2,629 1.82 1,303 130 551 124 1,312 93 619 99 443 197 2,284 741 7,062 404 3,860 258 2,901 23 100 435 5,123 17 116 110 802 4 25 65 260 359 1,698 5 16 2,369 26,800 91 669 20 127 772 7,978 76 292 112 615 1,206 10, 139 100 930 44 238 16 79 142 1,161 288 1,806 48 261 66 297 166 1,462 220 932 58 342 217 1,765 5 13 127 573 313 1,038 56 17, 031 2,890 1,192 689 1,181 620 450 3,225 6,638 6,679 2,660 98 5,508 90 956 24 327 2,023 13 24, 619 488 1, 1.58 8,964 449 680 9, ,586 696 197 113 1,128 1,7.55 202 313 1,347 875 520 1,674 19 $228 $66 1,787 506 809 269 2,227 689 198 62 36,353 14,013 5,939 1,606 3,634 827 1,220 334 2,660 789 1,220 406 680 264 4,439 1,394 18,277 4,838 6,861 2,622 6,122 1,990 272 72 9,569 3,499 401 113 1,621 620 116 28 366 157 3,997 1,092 11 8 62,308 18,929 954 346 404 95 15,446 5,098 768 213 1,250 472 24,399 6,308 1,666 562 646 146 231 55 2,095 905 3,930 1,292 542 200 473 189 3,364 845 2,169 663 667 212 3,745 1,096 46 11 S71 464 269 665 44 19, 356 2,029 1,268 474 877 404 240 2,014 5,514 3,084 2,111 83 - 3,858 113 1,013 27 164 1,612 5 20,676 339 138 6,911 209 545 9,216 642 145 67 963 1,320 301 143 1,188 720 187 1,653 10 S224 1,619 783 2,217 186 54, 626 6,237 3,734 1,387 2,687 1,477 813 6,547 20, 246 9,381 7,651 242 12, 434 334 2,374 86 487 4,291 41 78, 840 1,084 415 19, 916 760 1,689 26, 286 2,006 632 227 2,902 4,711 702 509 3,402 2,649 647 4,2i0 48 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING, MUSIC. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, ion. California Illinois Massachusetts Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ' 180 873 178 738 145 677 87 778 79 402 4 2 35 96 9 120 7 20 73 437 12 60 13 123 27 25 694 366 203 312 108 5 118 21 306 4,261 573 3,591 439 3,487 340 2,314 376 1,816 224 4 2 805 63 568 76 130 15 1,945 304 244 34 330 69 235 10 1,047 986 541 460 401 2 128 162 18 588 71 64 14 7,271 6,676 4,148 2,272 1,683 15 1,043 610 202 3,632 484 364 921 J Includes; Arkansas, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 3; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 2; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 3; Minnesota, 2; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 2; Oklahoma, 1; Tennessee, 2; Texas, 2; Virginia, 1. GENEEAL TABLES. 677 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAK AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost ot mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PEINTING AND PUBLISHING, NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS.' United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1809 States, 1914. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky ■ Louisiana...^ Maine -Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska ■ Nevada ■ New Hampshire New Jersey ■ New Mexico New York North Carolina , North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Vffginia Wisconsin Wyoming 19,317 114,375 18,871 108,672 18,033 96,857 18,305 94,604 12,362 85,975 1,199 13,130 199 831 61 266 270 706 822 4,334 343 1,115 131 1,127 34 238 60 641 161 880 313 1,496 161 425 1,330 9,021 622 3,395 874 3,397 633 2,226 276 1,303 184 641 98 1,265 134 1,136 450 6,032 600 3,270 705 2,942 196 563 851 4,279 221 784 572 1,592 38 136 68 448 320 2,470 102 243 1,717 20,089 238 971 331 625 901 7,274 542 1,318 251 945 1,133 47 ■ 12,750 629 122 656 363 282 892 108 56 218 402 181 572 70 722 1,440 2,830 536 354 969 1,302 846 2,848 170 187, 269 173,889 94,832 70,089 39, 869 3,209 2,312 236 847 9,798 1,485 2,067 293 1,384 1,012 1,926 483 12,997 4,844 5,206 2,613 1,611 887 1,266 3,268 10,051 5,271 4,298 545 8,080 818 2,233 200 496 3,632 239 29,784 1,196 1,054 12, 720 1,829 6,470 23,623 1,852 740 1,046 1,695 4,334 985 471 1,250 2,122 1,315 4,169 216 S384,745 S88, 561 314,741 74,402 239,606 59,821 192, 444 60,333 126,270 50,824 14,918 8,169 2,282 632 668 246 1,671 453 14,256 4,157 2,691 933 3,509 889 525 132 2,872 556 2,368 629 3,673 1,074 1,028 319 32,568 6,711 7,942 2,266 9,796 2,330 4,220 1,177 2,646 910 1,631 497 2,528 670 2,874 860 18, 420 5,364 8,597 2,333 8,427 2,088 909 300 11,678 3,139 1,838 816 3,870 1,118 501 136 1,004 286 6,168 2,077 604 175 97,641 18,442 1,921 531 2,148 462 20,683 5,633 2,846 803 2,871 863 56,002 9,118 2,466 448 1,721 385 2,240 478 6,064 930 8,794 2,234 1,565 486 797 220 2,934 599 4,010 1,342 2,013 492 6,949 1,788 ■ 477 145 «129,082 97,360 70, 365 50, 215 38, 965 8,710 656 131 471 5,653 991 887 140 1,012 534 1,269 262 10,341 2,580 2,624 1,829 816 587 935 1,197 8,449 3,344 3,242 231 4,976 587 1,223 71 197 1,826 88 35,263 467 317 7,773 706 979 15,449 497 307 395 1,321 2,659 511 164 625 1,602 448 2,375 85 8495,906 406,090 309, 302 222, 984 179, 800 25,393 2,772 817 1,850 21,558 4,278 3,847 451 4,139 2,231 6,238 1,157 47, 027 10, 163 11, 465 5,480 3,534 2,620 2,801 4,261 26,719 12, 290 11,928 1,025 18,035 2,461 5,433 388 945 7,413 537 137, 754 2,148 1,805 28,023 3,238 4,127 52,239 2,183 1,453 1,909 5,077 10, 263 1,817 734 3,095 6,866 1,729 1 Comparable figures for 1879 not available. 678 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1&14. Table 223 SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOE 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of . mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PRINTING MATERIALS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. California Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states! 94 423 93 535 77 357 70 660 64 715 27 191 3 12 11 77 4 ID 6 25 6 6 3 9 21 160- 7 21 8 40 2S 63 671 663 524 632 543 20 163 21 19 12 10 232 24 55 115 SI, 771 S340 1,620 356 1,009 239 906 233 1,370 338 200 99 163 13 487 64 30 6 92 21 24 6 30 7 602 134 68 16 88 30 297 43 $763 761 372 406 568 190 20 137 6 51 6 11 285 41 J2, 111 1,982 1,207 1,088 1,459 421 49 453 26 155 28 44 697 102 208 349 PULP GOODS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, 1914. Delaware New York All other states " United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879. 1869. 1859. 1849. 24 1,664 14 783 17 696 23 691 9 252 8 892 7 347 9 41.J 8,826 3,125 2,368 1,314 785 3,402 1,669 3,755 6,862 884 2,68Q 377 3,198 284 2,317 284 418 111 3,436 486 1,607 181 1,819 217 PULP WOOD. United States 1914 States, 191/,. Vermont All other states •*.... 10 411 150 647 72 575 195 PUMPS, NOT INCLUDING POWER PUMPS. 96 2,134 102 2,136 115 1,404 130 632 256 1,754 411 1,731 465. 1,905 133 534 30 148 6,194 1,391 6,018 1,258 3,230 719 1,261 247 3,640 828 2,383 653 1,756 664 454 200 80 49 1,028 647 616 24 310 2,766 2,487 1,193 638 1,681 2,039 971 229 55 631 67 574 6,350 6,683 2,853 1,342 4,103 3,645 2,818 680 167 I Includes: Colorado, 2 establishments; Connecticut, 3; District of Columbia, 1: Georgia 2- Indiana 1: l^wklii^gtoTi; Wifconsto^2: ^' ^^"^ ^""'^' ^' °'''^™' '• T^""^^^''^. l; ^exas, 3; etah,'l; Virginia; 2 Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Illinois, 1; Indiana, 1; Maine,!; Ohio, 2; Pennsvlvania 3 2 Includes: Maine, 5 establishments; Maryland,!; Michigan,!; Minnesota, 5; New Hampshire, !.' GENERAL TABLES. 679 TABLE 333.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. PUMPS, NOT iNCLUDrNG POWER PUMPS— Continued. States, 1914 California Illinois Michigan New York Ohio Pennsylvania Vermont All other states i . . . 8 59 8 240 8 36 19 318 17 1,014 7 14 3 6 26 450 150 349 63 603 1,403 77 17 J166 - S57 615 186 104 20 911 184 2,734 639 45 9 19 5 1,600 291 $71 290 40 349 1,404 9 20 582 $270 602 3,277 34 30 1,359 PUMPS, STEAM AND OTHER POWER. United States. 1914 States, 19U. California..,-.. Illinois Massachusetts Michigan New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ' 87 6,188 13 307 9 68 7 1,194 4 246 18 1,562 9 643 8 523 19 1,645 13,723 921 107 3,138 363 3,007 1,229 1,685 3,273 30,656 4,164 2,353 248 352 60 6,535 772 789 196 6,351 1,006 2,291 378 1,897 310 10,088 1,194 453 124 1,149 201 1,465 575 531 2,205 17,864 1,205 275 3,793 637 4,047 1,355 1,094 5,468 REFRIGERATORS.' United States. 1914 134 131 111 96 82 71 27 13 9 9 4 11 10 3 9 29 4 8 5 7 20 5,617 6,026 4,032 3,329 2,178 1,063 267 93 19 416 127 141 1,661 266 137 656 81 328 18 777 1,090 11,332 10, 013 6,160 6,040 2,116 14,511 10,851 6,273 4,782 3,367 727 648 .84 36 1,223 360 291 3,272 1,417 247 1,568 227 1,029 29 1,443 3,369 3,572 2,683 1,905 1,287 1,034 424 141 42 16 291 100 123 929 202 111 414 54 246 12 393 681 7,343 4,912 3,272 2,477 2,378 882 192 71 38 596 205 210 1,842 410 178 873 139 528 14 893 1,417 16,062 10,689 7,348 6,318 4,614 1,740 566 163 81 1,110 426 454 3,672 976 434 1,710 276 1,008 41 1,813 3,052 7,709 1909 5,777 1904 4,076 1899 2,841 1889. . : 2,136 1879 868 1889. 138 374 1859 92 States, 19U. California 41 648 204 263 2,800 1,297 202 972 266 848 35 1,403 2,363 43 Illinois 514 221 244 Minhiga".. 1,830 665 Missouri 256 New York 837 Ohio 137 PpTiTisylvfvTi'a 480 27 Wisconsin 920 1,6.35 'Includes: Coimecticut, 1 establishment; District of Columbia, 1; Indiana, 3; Iowa, 3; Louisiana, 2; Massachusetts, 3; Missouri, 3; Nebraska, 2; New Jersey, 1; North Carolina, 1; South Dakota, 1; Texas, 1; Wisconsin, 4. 'Includes: Arkansas, 2 establishments; Connecticut, 3; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 4; Kentucky, 1; Maryland 1; New Jersey, 3; Oklahoma, 1; Virginia, 1; Washington, 1. * Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; Colorado, 1; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 4; Kansas, 1; Louisiana, 2; Maine, 2; Maryland, 1; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 4; Tennessee, 2; Vermont, 2; Wash- ington, 1; West Virginia, 1. 680 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1»14. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAH AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate: rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. EEGALIA AND SOCIETY BADGES AND EMBLEMS. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879..... 1869 18591 Slater, 1911 California Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 138 2,010 156 2,638 140 2,498 109 1,569 137 2,080 47 29 589 410 6 5 23 9 14 194 4 49 12 78 6 47 8 60 39 141 11 923 24 86 15 423 665 784 680 205 139 31 6 62 10 29 22 37 30 274 31 164 $4,122 S980 4,626 1,171 3,263 1,013 1,740 471 1,841 738 453 174 252 115 12 6 22 S 387 88 73 21 139 67 81 24 153 34 165 68 1,992 454 145 40 965 189 S2,205 2,723 2,019 1,597 1,247 429 307 13 7 266 49 117 48 34 153 1,063 78 391 $5,025 6,130 4,763 3,049 3,204 816 626 27 22 522 101 263 113 108 359 2,327 187 1,023 KICE, CLEANING AND POLISHING. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 •. States, 19H. Arkansas Louisiana Texas Washington All other states ^ 69 1,253 71 1,239 74 1,492 80 651 32 647 22 5 616 116 24 735 16 345 9 11 5 46 15,571 19, 519 16,866 7,546 4,120 1,520 7,742 6,366 108 836 12,627 646 13,347 8,821 664 641 2,601 2,074 562 266 223 110 626 48 8,096 3,395 66 368 199 6 446 26 20,610 19,601 13,315 7,576 5,601 2,666 1,706 11, 694 6,366 197 653 23,039 22,371 16, 297 8,724 6,693 3,133 1,837 12, 967 7,216 262 767 EOOEING MATERIALS. ' United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1879 1869 1859 States, 191 i. Alabama California Illinois Indiana Maryland New Jersey New Yort Ohio Pennsylvania Utah All other states ^ 170 4,088 117 2,465 307 8,819 267 7,593 493 3,082 198 1,919 66 554 6 60 9 306 23 862 7 147 4 10 15 392 21 348 18 715 17 566 4 9 46 683 11,702 9,431 23,022 18, 217 716 50 1,115 1,766 336 72 1,120 650 2,076 3,205 121 1,192 23,645 2,642 15,349 1,339 16,925 4,008 10, 814 3,072 2,329 1,411 2,449 883 352 196 133 30 2,166 223 5,766 579 683 90 22 6 2,217 243 1,890 246 3,633 429 3,201 339 115 8 3,919 449 17, 605 12, 458 10, 842 6,886 3,382 1,293 533 120 1,456 4,319 716 6 1,146 1,090 2,319 2,928 56 3,449 27,978 19,204 19, 871 13, 691 6,227 3,257 1,024 220 2,378 6,644 1,001 16 2,173 1,862 3,906 4^602 80 5,106 1 Regalias, banners, and flags. 2 Includes: Colorado, 1 establishment; Connecticut, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Michigan, 1; Mimiesota, 2; Nebraska, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 1; Virginia, 1. ' Includes: California, 2 establishments; Oregon, 1; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 1. * Comparable figures not available for 1889. !■ Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 1; Florida, 2; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 1; Ken- tucky, 1; Massachusetts, 5; Michigan, 5; Minnesota, 7; Missouri, 4; North Carolina, 1; Oklahoma, 2; Oregon 2; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 2; Vii'ginia, 2; Washington, 2; Wisconsin, s. GENERAL TABLES. 681 Table 323.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAH AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. IIUBBER GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERE SI'ECIFIED; United States. 1914 1909 States, 1914. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Missouri .--. ^ew Jersey New York , Ohio Pennsylvania Ehode Island Wisconsin All other states i 301 50,220 227 20,521 11 226 18 2,485 17 563 9 1,499 42 4,743 6 235 53 6,316 45 3,633 54 21,705 19 3,172 1,541 5 1,637 1« 2,466 151,927 79,062 1,180 9,598 1,951 5,984 17,515 657 22,214 11,916 58,672 8,970 3,360 4,107 5,814 $199,183 $31,279 98,507 14,120 1,215 172 7,813 1,413 1,676 342 6,696 839 17,345 2,845 350 128 22,403 3,681 9,700 1,887 100, 742 14,578 12,327 1,744 5,284 821 4,961 1,005 8,672 1,824 $126, 112 82, 192 479 5,645 965 4,265 14,142 463 15, 172 4,686 58, 737 7,299 4,062 4,096 6,112 $223,611 128,4.36 905 10, 188 1,980 6,333 23,011 726 25,468 10, 228 109, 659 12, 177 6,089 7,382 9,475 RULES, IVOEY AND WOOD. United States.'' 1914 10 9 13 11 . 10 6. 408 109 149 213 136 66 441 167 318 303 116 883 104 253 203 173 54 224 51 55 67 52 20 187 31 55 73 34 16 634 144 249 208 154 66 447 1909 113 1904 - . . 194 1899 135 1889. 120 1879 60 SADDLERY AND HARNES.S. United states. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1879. 1869. 1859. 1849. States, lOlJ,. Alabama. . . Arizona Arkansas... California. . Colorado. .. Delaware., Georgia Idaho UUnois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky.. Louisiana.. Maine 2,551 12,969 1,347 14,632 1,076 15,032 873 14,364 7,931 22,672 7,999 7,607 21,446 23,557 3,621 12,286 12,968 56 13 3 30 23 60 107 266 26 162 7 22 37 758 27 19 216 819 152 842 150 546 111 261 40 500 10 140 31 40 10, 397 17,234 7,370 6,018 2,347 215 29 58 218 69 539 20 501 1,342 417 197 256 99 27 45,207 7,996 39,224 8,071 29,264 7,634 20,463 6,254 36, 347 10,909 16,508 7,998 13,936 7,046 6,478 4,150 3,969 3,154 104 24 28 27 310 61 1,676 227 656 130 41 11 1,781 290 175 19 2,841 647 2,587 493 2,970 384 1,122 174 1,459 331 918 86 126 24 33, 086 33, 178 23, 774 19, 771 24, 674 19,969 16,068 6,606 4,427 76 57 262 1,010 404 18 1,398 114 2,078 1,837 1,890 694 1,419 482 66 53,559 64,225 42,055 33,703 52,971 38, 082 32, 710 14, 109 9,935 143 111 414 1,877 685 40 1,950 200 3,433 3,006 3,022 1,174 2,074 871 129 1 Includes: Delaware, 1 establishment; Iowa, 2; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 6; New Hami)- Missouri, 1; New York, 5; Ohio, 1. 682 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1&14. Tablk 223.— summary FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ol earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse-" power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. SADDLERY AND HAKNE3S— Continued. States, ^5^4— Continued. Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota , Tennessee , Texas , Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wvominff All other states ^ , 47 199 43 260 81 328 76 630 10 24 107 803, 16 42 27 169 6 22 4 38 8 14 246 818 37 •138 10 88 154 1,403 30 64 41 163 189 740 12 18 9 26 6 24 63 413 76 567 48 122 7 13 40 254 33 71 17 127 89 662 11 24 57 244 157 89 212 362 121 906 66 177 11 298 4 731 117 57 1,106 39 190 459 2 6 11 328 336 27 2 150 58 147 298 7 54 1636 $108 661 174 1,083 197 1,556 374 77 14 3,231 522 213 51 956 125 68 19 338 65 20 14 2,355 517 436 60 586 63 4,138 765 163 43 743 136 2,018 386 21 11 67 13 110 20 1,229 226 2,920 391 498 84 11 8 948 128 415 65 528 71 1,689 354 108 23 701 162 S428 496 795 1,465 98 2,405 168 492 32 133 24 1,354 334 274 3,068 •" 240 611 1,064 19 24 69 1,052 2,433 309 16 739 335 293 2,043 60 428 $735 837 1,329 2,241 147 3,937 274 801 71 236 60 2,676 630 422 4,870 368 952 2,124 52 48 147 1,625 3,382 483 32 1,043 663 556 3,057 103 741 SAFES AND VAULTS. United states 1914 1909 1904. 1899 1889 1«79 1869 18,59 Slates, 1914. Indiana New York Ohio Pennsylvania All otlier states ^. . .. 39 2,972 42 3,343 31 3,488 35 2,033 39 3,816 40 2,206 66 1,639 36 1,093 63 i 3 155 10 1,760 8 769 14 235 8,406 6,646 4,090 2,209 1,994 107 155 5,603 1,844 697 9,360 1,860 8,944 2,072 7,326 2,162 5,480 1,017 4,603 2,130 2,202 1,097 2,075 917 1,027 472 126 38 586 89 4,949 1,153 2,343 420 1,356 160 2,646 3,443 3,211 1,689 2,635 1,431 968 758 43 122 1,483 767 241 7,257 8,491 7,861 3,928 6.642 3,352 2,728 1,910 146 568 4,337 1,669 557 Tlnited States, 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879. 1869. 1869. 1849. 98 5,089 124 4,936 146 4,666 169 4,774 200 4,253 268 4,289 282 2,921 399 2,213 340 2,786 29,007 27,263 19,434 23,865 11,662 8,476 3,322 33, 161 3,041 29,012 2,531 26,586 2,066 27,123 1,911 13,438 1,593 8,226 1,260 6,562 1,148 3,692 372. 2,641 753 1 Includes: Connecticut, 7 establishments; Florida, 2; New .lersey, 48. ^ Includes: California, 2 establishments; Colorado, 1; Illinois, 1: Kentucky, sota, 2; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 1; Oregon, 2; Texas, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 6,273 5,203 4,166 3,336 1,827 2,074 1,761 1,055 1,061 14,070 11,328 9,4.38 7,967 6,486 4,830 4,891 2,290 2,178 1; Maryland, 1; Minne- GENEEAL TABLES. 683 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ol" earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. SALT— continued. States, ISH- Calitornia Kansas MicliiRan New York Ohio Texas Utah "West Virginia All other states i . . . 22 347 9 467 15 1,434 26 1,510 8 813 3 140 7 92 3 117 5 169 2,079 4,791 8,316 6,540 4,937 809 367 615 653 $2,941 »262 2,271 274 8,061 991 13,908 816 2,904 441 378 75 1,376 49 168 51 1,144 82 SAND AND EMEEY PAPEK AND CLOTH. United States 1914 : 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 1914. New York All other states ^ . . . . 12 681 10 611 8 305 9 274 9 206 6 82 4 82 3 21 3 182 9 499 3,153 3,351 1,133 898 537 190 535 2,618 5,279 359 4,400 370 1,206 183 1,372 144 706 104 122 31 981 4S 43 7 1,477 78 3,802 281 2,687 2,,'i82 1,055 681 782 148 146 25 928 1,759 4,328 4,358 1,477 1,176 1,250 262 349 64 1,397 2,931 SAND-I.IME BBICE. United States. 19}4 States, 1914. Florida Indiana Michigan Wisconsin All other states ' 46 557 4 80 4 53 12 136 3 39 22 249 5,606 432 490 1,392 435 2,857 2,185 322 236 35 243 30 501 87 170 31 1,035 139 350 108 75 265 106 440 SAU,9AGE, NOT MADE IN SLATJGHTEEING AND MEAT-PACKING ESTABLISHMENTS. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899., 1889. . States, 1914. California Connecticut Illinois Iowa Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts 512 2,244 420 1,916 292- 1,265 198 878 249 837 27 48 21 79 28 312 5 17 8 27 5 11 14 71 61 349 7,930 6,275 3,355 2,062 1,604 171 263 921 64 166 73 224 970 5,201 1,607 4,930 1,240 2,704 740 1,409 4.53 1,129 363 122 41 197 56 773 247 35 12 32 16 42 7 104 40 594 248 17,292 11,390 6,569 3,213 1,935 371 633 ;,120 369 2,047 22,014 15,024 8,123 4,688 3,065 612 765 3,868 118 136 123 493 2,722 1 Includes: Illinois, 1 establishment; Louisiana, 2; Nevada, 2. ^Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Illinois, 1; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Minnesota, 1; Penn- sylvania, 3; Wisconsin, 1. 2 Includes: California, 2 establishments; District of Columbia, 1; Idaho, 2: Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Massachusetts,!: Minnesota. 3: Nehra.'iifg i- No^.r t-..»-. i; New York, 2; North Dakota, 1; Ohio, 1; 684 CENSUS OF MANUPACTTJEES : 1914. Table 223 SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YrAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners c.^tab- (average lisli- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. AVages. Cost of , mate- rials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. SAUSAGE, KCT MADE IN SLAUGIJTEEING AND MEAT-PACKING ESTABLISHMENTS—COUtinucd. states, 1914- — continued. 19 10 9 3 6 34 153 17 20 13 7 3 24 25 69 22 48 2 10 164 396 139 71 75 19 5 225 85 219 71 282 10 59 482 1,564 681 346 154 65 37 719 399 $140 26 181 7 35 263 1,034 350 159 171 15 13 748 160 $45 IS 38 2 8 117 303 106 36 60 13 4 154 47 $469 145 349 8 66 ' 1,010 2,937 1,384- 669 831 82 33 2,003 492 $601 174 452 15 82 1,299 3,869 1,714 790 973 122 45 2,517 624 S132 Minnesota 29 Missouri 103 7 Now Jersey 289 New York. ... 932 Ohio 330 Rliode Island .... 142 40 Texas 12 Wisconsin 514 All otlier states i i.. 132 United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1S89 1879 1869 1859 States, 19U. Illinois Michigan Now York Ohio All other states ^ 100 4,560 96 4,832 83 4,050 96 3,215 95 2,676 89 2,566 72 1,595 42 759 9 432 11 46 16 228 8 149 56 3,705 11,793 11, 862 7,491 5,493 3,822 1,549 1,795 144 947 524 8,383 15,860 3,019 14,865 2,856 11,288 2,707 8,609 1,693. 6,313 1,584 3,281 1,226 2,883 996 770 281 1,248 294 134 30 969 14S 416 97 13,093 2,450 4,714 4,912 4,036 2,600 2,346 1,744 1,333 583 632 28 283 86 3,685 12,517 11,636 9,820 6,444 5,573 3,943 3.175 1,237 1,225 127 691 275 10, 199 SCALES AND BALANCES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1S89 1879 1869 1859 1S49 ! States, 1014. Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states ^ 83 4,467 87 3,559 85 3,133 86 2,775 76 1,350 64 1,564 49 1,003 43 725 22 402 12 531 8 173 4 23 3 276 11 244 13 616 6 375 26 2,329 6,201 6,183 3,251 2,466 1,002 713 702 211 26 298 241 627 617 3,579 13,896 2,934 10, 183 2,186 8,513 1,765 6,308 1,437 1,669 692 3,815 783 1,020 668 744 280 184 145 1,607 398 765 106 30 14 616 200 663 158 881 309 1,622 245 7,811 1,504 3,174 2,704 1,633 1,533 868 655 921 336 130 637 118 21 208 142 339 493 1,316 9,734 8,786 6,003 6,240 2,323 3,262 2,824 1,293 360 1,376 620 60 612 573 1,000 1,102 4,401 ' Includes: Alabama, 3 establishments; Arkansas, 1; Delaware, 1; District ot Columbia, 1; Georgia, 3; Indiana, 3; Kansas, 2; Kentucky, 1; Nebraska, 2; North Carolina, 2; Oregon, 1; South Carolina, 3; Vir- ginia, 1; West Virginia, 1. 2 Includes: California, 4 establishments; Connecticut, 4; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 3; Maryland, 2; Massa- chusetts, 10; Mississippi, 1; Missouri, 2; New Hampsliire, 2; New Jersey, 3; Oregon, 1; Ivinsylvania, 16; Tennessee, 4; Washington, 3. 2 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 3; Kansas,!; Mississippi, 1; Missouri, ?; North Carolina, 1; Ohio, 4; Tennessee, 1; Utah, 2; Vermont, 3; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 1. GENEEAL TABLES. 685 Table 223 SUMMARY FOB INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOE 1014— Continued. VEAB AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse-^ power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. SCREWS, MACUraE. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, 1914, Illinois Massachusetts New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states i 66 3,643 43 1,667 26 1,965 25 1,557 20 1,057 9 567 17 365 6 113 7 1,464 9 136 18 1,008 7,988 3,319 3,201 1,407 1,045 852 260 2,885 188 2,758 $9,762 *2, 310 3,728 970 4,133 942 2,467 703 1,672 474 1,421 373 1,113 205 248 66 3,760 942 352 77 2,868 647 $3,058 1,160 951 797 332 439 230 76 1,368 81 864 17,248 3,014 2,712 2,059 1,183 1,028 571 199 3,275 253 1,922 SCREWS, "WOOD. United States.'' 1914 12 11 7 8 7 4,446 3,464 1,488 1,970 1,558 8,044 5,618 3,716 3,490 2,637 10,539 9,570 6,969 5,465 5,572 1,950 1,454 556 721 540 2,350 2,309 732 923 901 6,217 6,199 2,134 2,600 2,327 3,867 1909 3,890 1904 1,402 1899 1,677 1889 1,426 SEWING-MACHINE CASES. United States.^ 1914 4 6 8 7 7 18 3,599 4,079 4,450 2,653 1,822 1,822 6,031 5,026 6,990 2,055 1,730 6,425 6,890 6,888 1,333 1,430 741 2,230 1,995 2,029 1,065 853 683 2,841 3,259 2,593 1,534 990 1,239 5,846 5,752 5,273 2,816 2,250 2,065 3,005 1909 2,493 1904 2,680 1899 1,281 1889 1,260 1879 826 SEWTNG MACHINES AND ATTACHMENTS. United Stales. 1914 46 41 46 67 59 106 69 75 7 7 15 3 14 14,308 15,217 12,671 10,712 8,837 9,553 8,421 2,297 1,717 1,022 154 1,925 9,490 18, 198 14, 400 10, 172 8,014 4,775 34,467 26, 213 26, 695 19,470 16,043 12,502 9,521 1,428 5,377 3,065 641 9,267 16,217 8,861 9,107 7,464 6,266 4,750 4,636 6,781 1,095 850 618 110 1,261 6,022 7,359 8,196 8,107 7,925 3,502 4,829 3,642 648 1,055 515 78 2,607 8,226 21,392 22,511 20, 870 18, 310 12,823 13, 863 15,847 4,256 3,548 1,661 344 4,509 11,330 14,033 1909 14,315 1904 12, 763 1899 10,386 1889 9,321 1879 9,034 1869 2,398 12,206 1859 3,608 States, 1914. Illinois 2,615 1,642 • 160 2,943 10,838 2,493 1,146 266 Ohio 1,902 3,104 1 Includes: Connecticut, 8 establishments; Michigan, 4; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 2; Rhode Island, 1; W^isconsin 1 2 Includes in 1914: Connecticut, 4 establishments; Illinois, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania, 1; Rhode Island, 2. , ,. „ „,.. , 3 Includes in 1914: Illinois, 1 establishment; Indiana, 2; Ohio, 1. < Includes: Connecticut, 6 establishments; Indiana, 1; Kansas, 1; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 2; Pennsylvania 1; Rhode Island, 1. 686 CENSUS or MANUFACTURES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE, INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE TOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. "Wages. Cost of materials- Value of products, Expressed in thousand?. SHIPBUILDING, IRON AND STEEL. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 States, WI4. California Connecticut Indiana Maryland Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio "Wisconsia All other states ' 79 33,508 63 28,143 54 36, 742 44 30,906 8 3,096 3 226 3 187 7 2,039 6 935 6 5,142 11 3,023 5 2,623 3 504 27 15,733 83, 706 57,697 51,029 38, 862 3,456 362 433 4,749 4,617 8,616 9,728 8, 748 3,397 39,600 $132,712 $25,166 100, 172 17, 215 101, 528 20, 810 59,840 16,231 7,529 2,866 1,202 236 563 112 4,322 1,324 5,859 810 33. 120 3,740 10,693 2,478 12,411 1,792 3,761 299 53,262 11,519 $29, 270 21,716 27, 602 23,586 3,099 131 259 1,770 1,007 4,556 2,290 1,711 263 14,194 $66,217 49, 617 58, 433 50,368 7,131 1,108 466 3,777 2,261 9,293 6,836 4,292 851 30,203 SHIPBUILDING, WOODEN, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 States, 1914. California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hlinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Rhode Island Texas West Virginia Wisconsin AUotherstatcs^ 1,068 10,981 1,300 12,363 1,043 14,012 1,063 15,841 44 361 34 288 6 47 66 486 4 14 21 137 6 38 10 9 11 90 16 419 106 461 35 429 81 435 66 326 30 125 11 65 7 14 79 1,182 196 3,053 10 56 24 256 20 163 13 86 14 168 4 119 31 191 136 1,963 31,627 30,366 27,098 22,935 1,241 941 195 1,489 26 251 116 44 164 1,144 1,270 1,230 1,613 2,948 352 170 50 3,328 7,936 100 913 445 363 316 138 478 4,466 23,348 7,765 26, 947 8,053 20,096 8,431 17,501 8,593 618 341 1,167 222 83 28 1,096 334 11 8 394 100 58 22 37 6 311 52 611 235 1,062 284 620 250 789 328 831 229 223 89 33 31 19 10 2,908 917 7,306 2,493 85 34 460 147 436 158 118 61 104 123 187 57 349 122 3,433 1,084 9,327 9,498 9,861 9,889 388 211 46 280 4 108 8 13 136 268 646 332 395 251 157 47 12 1,080 2,882 38 197 114 43 279 81 199 1,114 22, 465 23,743 24,336 24,166 973 558 83 804 16 283 40 33 222 663 1,193 744 1,061 561 317 101 39 2,568 7,360 93 425 332 159 474 161 403 2,799 1 Includes: Delaware, 2 establishments; Florida, 1; Illinois, 1; Iowa, 1: Louisiana, 2; Maine, 2; Massa- chusetts, 3; Mississippi, 1; North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 1; Pennsylvania, 6; Rhode Island, 2; Virginia, 1; Washington, 3; West Virginia, 1. 2 Includes: Alabama, 4 establishments; District ot Columbia, 2; Idaho, 2; Missouri, 3; Pennsylvania, 28; South Carolina, 2; South Dakota, 1; Tennessee,3; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 28; Washington, 61. GENERAL TABLES. 687 Table 223.— SUMMAEY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914-Contiuued. YEAH AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. United States 1914 1903 1904 1899 18891 18791 States, 1914. California Connecticut Delaware Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Louisiana Maine...'. Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New^ Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Temiessoe Vermont Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states' 792 770 641 690 869 549 48 14 16 13 19 5 34 270 33 195 6 4 3 3 4 22 51,972 17,617 48,513 12,656 36,499 8,723 38,622 7,110 31,207 2,995 25,687 431 101 914 408 244 59 116 25 967 314 2,593 665 74 35 169 46 58 25 .617 107 5,153 1,642 1,885 450 411 136 349 168 2,547 1,019 423 125 3,502 751 16,443 5,055 2,067 1,064 10,890 4,121 58 18 626 208 58 7 118 17 380 164 979 887 $50,944 44,617 23,380 19,643 14, 274 6,842 560 1,279 47 54 615 1,893 41 820 5,338 1,780 309 486 1,304 164 4,274 21,363 1,702 6,872 45 212 13 171 623 867 J19, 170 16,632 11,233 10,894 9,193 6,404 216 406 61 33 440 773 22 51 20 263 1,703 779 165 145 990 162 1,336 6,595 735 3,422 19 243 14 47 168 385 $50, 665 44,993 25, 639 22, 951 15,704 11,306 404 1,068 14 87 807 2,165 14 53 42 648 5,681 1,382 227 517 2,323 600 2,646 22, 639 1,764 6,934 31 159 46 125 369 1,320 895,816 82,399 50,971 47, 122 33,639 20,130 835 2,144 91 147 1,632 3,488 50 161 78 1,171 10,048 3,396 571 878 3,816 869 5,594 41, 258 3, 658 12,337 92 490 91 253 703 2,064 ^ SHOW CASES. United Stales. 1914 132 149 141 102 99 93 47 9 14 12 6 12 6 8 21 5 11 6 7 26 2,267 3,390 3,082 1,363 1,331 692 353 40 50 311 64 79 410 230 339 24 302 42 83 323 4,146 '4,746 4,087 1,232 810 4,166 5,369 3,143 1,153 1,208 342 178 18 105 591 72 81 928 419 355 26 523 52 184 819 1,466 2,017 1,681 708 718 329 219 19 41 220 30 60 272 146 197 13 178 29 59 221 2,248 3,140 2,374 1,058 1,077 520 419 29 84 255 41 92 463 269 328 24 280 31 59 332 5,233 7,167 5,722 2,468 2,670 1,172 839 85 185 694 89 202 1,035 574 759 54 619 84 161 777 2,985 4 027 1909 1904 1899 1 410 1889 1879 '652 1869 9 420 1869.. . . 56 States, 1914. California 118 430 69 157 845 351 427 38 711 61 232 706 101 Illinois 439 48 Massachusetts . 110 572 Missouri 315 New York 431 North Carolina 30 Ohio 339 53 Texas" 102 All other states * 445 1 Includes custom and neighborhood shops. 2 Includes; Colorado, 3 establishments; District of Columbia, 2; Kentucky, 3; New Hampshire, 2; North Carolina,!; Oklahoma, 3; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; South Dakota, 1; Texas, 2; Utah, 1; West Vir- ginia, 1. ^Includes: Colorado, 1 establishment; Connecticut,!; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky,!; Minnesota, 4; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island. 2; Tennessee, 1; Virginia,!; Washington, 6; 688 CEJSrSUS OF MANUFACTUBES : 1914. TABLE 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. VEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. SIGNS AND ADVERTISING NOVELTIES. United States. 1914 1909 ■ States, 1914. California Colorado Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Utah Wisconsin All other states ' 776 9,506 288 6,540 41 166 5 31 150 2,176 10 86 17 67 3 11 6 90 20 386 18 140 28 238 21 158 25 841 272 2,392 60 1,372 13 36. 62 780 3 21 4 23 3 16 6 313 30 233 7,370 3,790 79 4 1,888 64 26 47 123 177 59 84 27 682 1,605 1,800 6 680 5 3 14 106 102 ->-^>- $21,288 16,933 9,647 3,106 168 147 102 31 8,207 1,404 129 66 123 53 22 6 147 49 350 211 693 96 314 158 427 141 1,447- 634 3,653 1,479 3,179 734 182 40 1,418 450 8 19 32 19 38 13 264 127 685 158 S9,059 4,709 166 18 1,824 41 94 10 87 289 179 287 149 711 2,015 1,744 61 915 9 21 13 204 232 $24,792 13,646 442 118 6,045 276 233 28 188 725 666 693 703 2,147 5,662 3,561 153 2,083 42 64 42 446 686 SILK GOODS, INCLUDING THKOWSTERS. Unilei states. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 , 1879 1869 1869 1849 States, 19H. Connecticut Maryland Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Virginia Another states 2,.. 902 852 624 483 472 382 86 139 67 44 6 19 368 143 284 12 9 18 108, 170 99, 037 79,601 65, 416 49,382 31,337 6,649 5,436 1,743 10,668 874 4,495 28,263 11,659 44,765 2,326 691 4,440 116, 924 97, 947 71,760 57, 397 29, 038 8,810 1,911 11,160 1,012 6,635 21, 218 14,707 48,916 3,509 1,798 7,970 210,072 47,108 152, 158 38, 570 109,557 26,768 81,082 20,982 61,008 17,762 19,126 9,147 6,231 1,942 2,927 1,050 678 297 49,931 6,606 713 283 11,090 2,092 47, 431 14,800 21,363 4,967 63,916 16,312 6,321 1,192 963 210 8,344 1,646 144, 442 107,767 75, 861 62, 407 51,004 22, 468 7,818 3,902 1,094 IS, 406 424 5,961 40,883 16,736 48, 795 5,327 1,094 6,816 254,011 196,912 133, 288 107, 266 87,298 41, 033 12,211 6,608 1,809 30,692 911 10,677 75, 706 29,261 86,939 7,664 1,773 10,488 1 Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; District of Columbia,!; Florida,!; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana,!; Maine, 1; Nebraska, 3; New Hampshire, 1; North Carolina, 2; Oldahoma,!; Tennessee, 8; Virginia, 1; Wash- ington, 4; West Virginia, 3. 2 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Delaware, 1: Georgia, 1; Illinois, 3; Maine, 1; Michigan, 2; New Hampshire, 2; North Carolina, 4; Ohio, 1; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 1 GENEBAL TABLES. 689 Table 223.- -SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAH AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facturfe Expressed in thousands. SILVEKSMITHING AND SILVEUWABE. United States, 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 18591 States, 1914. California Connecticut Maryland Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states ^ 108 7,070 125 8,643 98 8,580 103 5,813 54 2,419 77 1,160 55 815 106 1,344 9 4 7 1,063 5 148 U 1,791 25 1,182 38 762 3 14 15 2,101 8,239 7,752 6,578 3,035 1,433 371 16 1,991 155 1,631 1,525 942 15 1,964 $27,942 $4,795 27,647 5,822 23,902 6,265 14, 142 3,443 5,728 1,588 1,898 753 1,283 642 1,712 566 19 7 6,124 672 600 102 6,147 1,200 2,546 881 2,444 532 16 7 11,046 1,394 S8, 276 10,086 9,010 6,784 2,334 1,131 1,222 2,267 9 1,708 114 1,998 1,252 924 9 2,262 119,786 23,702 20,701 13,506 6,435 2,518 2,344 3,672 29 3,296 347 4,964 2,884 2,264 Sll,510 13,617 11,691 7,722 4,101 1,387 1,122 1,306 20 1,.588 233 2,956 1,632 1,340 19 3,722 SL.AUGHTERING AND MEAT PACKING. United states. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. Slates, 19H. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Idaho niiuois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland . .• Massachusetts — Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire . New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania . . - . Rhode Island Tennessee 1,279 98,832 1,221 87,813 929 74,134 882 68, 386 1,118 43,975 7 122 3 6 81 2,172 16 777 5 384 19 126 11 64 9 81 70 31,316 65 4,481 28 4,413 26 9,884 28 223 4 219 21 116 46 1,221 46 . 3,233 17 1,112 19 2,565 31 5,152 8 96 10 6,713 4 91 6 18 56 2,033 184 6,246 162 3,480 14 442 146 3,616 10 190 1« 199 253, 066 202, 432 116,966 86, 008 46,640 897 7,018 2,467 333 604 144 227 66, 698 9,844 10, 183 24,376 834 1,057 139 3,878 6,772 3,056 6,189 15, 378 299 15,486 407 35 6,697 16, 189 12,366 1,344 11,883 336 1,213 534, 274 62, 136 378,319 50, 404 237, 715 40,327 188,800 33,392 116,888 24,305 488 48 10 3 16,131 1,770 3,673 480 1,643 226 739 82 114 32 621 79 210,561 19,286 14,297 2,497 18,473 2,729 47,098 6,908 731 164 570 95 193 72 4,420 749 18,471 1,894 4,253 770 9,088 1,799 20,200 3,423 871 101 25,672 3,697 789 98 20 9 8,733 1,472 44,962 4,610 14, 644 1,381 3,478 309 16,252 2,492 562 105 508 87 1,441,663 - 191,438 805, 857 682, 097 480,962 692 111 40,931 10,687 3,923 1,499 789 714 408, 895 46, 262 67, 774 136, 952 3,671 67 1,037 13, 767 46,428 18,814 41,591 84,335 1,717 94, 173 1,604 166 36, 310 127, 282 68, 297 6,202 67, 605 4,1.W 1,501 1, 651, 966 1,355,544 913,915 783,779 661,612 703 123 49,600 12,720 4,451 1,711 925 981 486,362 61,022 74, 172 151,647 4,109 189 1,247 16, 607 61,726 20, 666 47, 636 91,008 2,120 104, 503 1,863 179 38, 809 144,236 64,960 7,487 65, 191 4,497 1,889 210,302 164,106 108,057 101,682 80,660 111 12 8,569 2,039 528 212 136 267 76, 467 4,760 6,398 16,695 4^8 132 210 2,840 6,297 1,862 6,945 7,273 403 10, 330 249 24 3,499 16,954 6,663 1,285 7,586 339 328 1 Manufactures of silver. . „ ^ ^ , ^ 2 Includes: Illinois, 1 establishment; New Hampshu-e, 2; Ohio, 2; Rhode Island, 10. 690 CENSUS OF MANUPACrUBES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continaed. YEAR AKD STATE. Num- Wag& ber of earners estab- (arerage lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed In thousands. SLAUQHTEBINQ AND MEAT PACKING — Continued. states, iP)4— Continued. 18 14 3 21 11 7 22 24 3,486 138 5 396 864 214 2,011 1,941 12,276 349 6 3,084 2,149 1,657 3,759 5,848 $14,405 841 7 2,259 6,924 1,374 10,386 9,893 $2,069 115 4 212 691 140 1,227 1,211 $44,424 2,672 43 3,725 16,901 4,447 28,538 27,020 $52,945 3,011 59 4,362 18,444 4,788 32, 181 33,441 $8, 621 Utah 339 10 637 2,543 Wpst Vireima 341 3,643 All other states i . 6,421 SMELTING AND EEFtNING, COPPER, UnUed States. 1914 37 38 40 47 9 4 24 17,731 15,628 12,752 11,324 2,906 3,344 11,481 194,980 158, 126 76,524 61,630 41,993 42,735 110,262 171,420 111,443 76,825 53,063 29,157 44,590 97,673 16,149 13,396 10,827 8,529 2,969 2,247 10,933 379,167 333,632 196,737 122,174 34,380 163, 863 190,914 444,022 378,806 240,780 165,132 53,438 159, 199 231,386 54,865 1909 46,274 1904 44,043 1899 42,958 States, mif. 19,058 New Jersey 6,330 40,471 SMELTING AND KEriNING, LEAD. United states. 1914 1909 1904 1899 States, 19H. Utah All other states ^ 22 7,385 28 7,424 32 7,573 39 8,319 3 1,882 19 5,503 29, 734 26, 954 26,667 16,342 12,150 17,584 143,249 132, 310 63, 823 72,149 15,995 127,254 6,134 6,431 6,376 5,089 1,795 4,339 164,016 151,963 168,958 144, 195 18,066 135,949 171,579 167, 406 185, 827 176,466 21,762 149,827 SMELTING AND KEiTNING, ZINC. United states. 1914 1909 1904 1899 States, 1914. Illinois Kansas Oklahoma All other states ^ 29 9,617 29 6,655 31 6,528 31 4,869 8 3,573 5 811 6 1,641 10 3,692 36,705 21, 467 18,404 11, 145 16,253 3,474 4,143 12,835 36,388 6,700 27,760 4,210 23,702 3,856 14,142 2,356 15,014 2,571 3,663 633 5,054 1,310 12,757 2,186 39, 573 26,230 17,028 13,286 14,200 4,213 7,879 13, 281 53, 538 34,206 24,791 18, 188 18,421 5,269 9,939 19,919 1 Includes; Arizona, 1 establishment; District of Columbia, 5; Georgia, 4; Mississippi, 1; New Mexico, 1; North Carolina, 1; Oklahoma, 4; South Carolina, 2; South Dakota, 4; Wyoming, 1. 2 Includes: California, 3 establishments; Colorado, 1; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 4; Montana, 4; Nevada, 2; New Mexico, 1; New York, 2; Tenneesee, 2; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, 1; Wa.shington, 1. 'Includes: CaMfomia, 1 establishment; Colorado, 5; Illinois, 4; Indiana, 2; Kansas, 1; Missouri, 3; Mon- tana, 1; Nebraska, 1; Pennsylvania, 1. * Includes; Colorado, 2 establishments; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 1; Pennsylvania, 2; Virginia, 1; West Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 691 Table 223 SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOE 1914— Continued. TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. SMELTING AND BEilNING, NOT FROM THE OKE. United States. 1914 84 89 65 61 17 17 8 15 27 2,585 2,147 1,712 983 282 316 89 177 1,721 10,075 10,706 17,111 8,633 1,337 746 697 503 6,792 821,456 13,834 9,807 5,201 1,958 3,188 436 1,858 14,016 11,884 1,281 995 532 190 213 86 121 1,274 »3I,251 23,162 13,760 5,900 3,516 8,983 311 3,318 15, 123 S39,902 28,072 17,403 7,785 4,587 10,264 578 3,612 20,861 18,651 J909 4,910 1904 3,643 1899 1,885 States, 19U. Illinois 1,071 New Yorlt 1,281 Ohio 267 294 5,738 United States. 1914 371 420 436 25 27 12 8 3 32 11 6 9 16 65 50 12 11 84 14, 172 12,999 11,044 244 2,144 315 115 19 460 78 46 521 2,057 3,168 1,159 167 272 3,407 35,737 28,360 20,228 724 6,108 668 290 155 1,400 245 185 1,358 4,276 8,744 2,554 461 339 8,230 92,872 71,951 54, 816 2,066 12,308 1,410 882 78 3,421 649 3S9 3,086 10, 270 27,890 6,714 699 1,144 21,916 8,088 6,227 4,783 191 1,255 181 71 9 260 49 24 279 1,200 1,785 657 85 132 1,910 88,867 72,179 43,626 2,018 15,263 1,587 976 79 2,476 362 463 2,811 10,760 19,869 6,601 929 1,389 23,314 127,942 111,358 68,275 2,968 21,420 2,980 1,418 109 4,671 522 614 4,920 16,692 27,526 10,098 1,539 2,894 29,571 39,075 39, 179 1904 24,649 States, 19U. 950 6,167 1,393 Iowa 442 30 2,195 Michigan , .... 160 151 Missouri. . . 2,109 5,932 NewYork. '. 7,657 Pennsylvania 3,497 610 Wisconsin. . . 1,625 Ali other states ^ 6,257 SOI>A-'WATEK APPAKATUS. United States. 1914 67 63 37 30 12 8 13 11 5 24 27 2,229 1,797 1,469 963 839 332 307 1,176 85 118 850 3,726 2,894 1,533 1,183 367 10,419 8,589 3,415 4,202 3,365 413 424 4,811 362 671 4,575 1,661 1,239 835 550 547 169 141 898 84 78 621 3,883 2,443 1,924 997 1,016 666 304 1,789 266 255 1,573 8,781 6,555 4,834 3,015 2,712 1,076 813 ■ 4,238 444 512 3,587 4,898 1909 4,113 1904 2,710 1899 2,018 1889 1,696 1879 810 1869 97 1,805 96 131 1,694 609 States, 1914. 2,449' 178 267 All other states ^ 2,014 > Includes: California, 2 establishments; Connecticut, 3; Indiana, 2; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 3; Michigan, 4; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 7; Virgmia, 1; West Virginia 1; Wisconsin, 1. 2 Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Arizona, 1; Colorado, 1; Connecticut 7; Florida 1; Georgia, 2; Idaho 1- Kansas, 4; Kentucky, 4; Louisiana, 4; Maine, 1; Nebraska, 2; Nevada, 1; New Hampshire, 2; Ohio, 34 Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 4; Tennessee, 3; Texas, 3; Utah, 2; Vermont, 1; Washington, 4. "Inchides- California, 1 establishment; Colorado, 2; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 5; Michigan, 1; Mm- nesota 2- Missouri, 2; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 6; Tennessee, 2; Texas, 1; Virgmia, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 692 CENSUS OP MANTJFACTXJEES : 1914. Table 223 SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value oJ' products. Expressed in thousands. SPORTING AND ATHLETIC GOODS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. Illinois Indiana Maine Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio All other states i 162 5,602 180 5,321 162 4,260 14.3 2,225 136 2,008 86 1,401 769 21 4 32 9 29 15 1,275 15 262 5 192 8 121 45 881 9 531 31 1,620 4,356 3,243 2,995 1,133 1,424 373 37 37 ,188 749 153 64 644 411 710 ?8,468 S2,771 6,617 . 2, 165 4,249 1,641 2,015 810 1,694 706 1,445 412 1,011 397 24 9 32 14 2,239 767 532 128 370 98 312 72 1,164 627 715 254 2,079 505 $6,952 5,665 2,963 1,802 1,120 693 1,226 40 22 1,984 143 240 68 972 432 1,826 $13, 235 11,052 7,032 3,628 2,709 1,666 2,238 78 53 3,424 482 484 291 1,921 986 3,278 SPRINGS, STEEL, CAK AND CAEKIAGE, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 19U. CalifoniLa Illinois Massachusetts Michigan New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 84 3,703 64 3,196 52 2,476 48 2,102 67 1,734 59 41 1,530 1,021 40 1,009 80 11 7 488 7 ■ 46 6 638 14 376 7 819 17 749 16 509 7,349 5,510 3,185 3,166 1,183 131 1,293 82 1,000 692 1,567 2,161 1,172 11,083 2,602 8,784 1,863 4,016 1,243 4,684 1,061 3,459 963 1,769 699 2,427 602 1,264 408 161 71 1,290 323 69 37 1,073 472 636 251 1,919 628 4,Sl3 451 1,222 369 6,143 4,727 2,742 3,025 2,219 2,347 1,663 1,093 93 658 41 1,183 380 1,560 1,419 819 11,596 9,005 5,741 6,690 4,332 3,655 2,929 2,117 281 1,400 110 2,175 962 2,774 2,458 1,436 STAMPED AND ENAMELED WARE, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1SS9. 1879. States, 191/t. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts.. 270 28,731 239 25,413 174 13,560 139 10,002 123 8,018 30 2,941 6 139 18 2,084 22 1,572 6 842 9 4,165 17 626 34, 767 27, 829 10,088 16,697 4,864 445 2,362 1,875 763 4,838 1,481 68,979 16, 243 62,586 11,458 23,108 6,660 13,954 3,730 10,069 3,462 2,476 1,014 248 101 4,615 899 4,323 900 1,467 429 11,483 2,287 1,210 374 32,472 26,376 10,. 526 7,333 5,624 2,660 139 1,277 1,330 643 7,372 509 65, 121 51,622 21,968 14, .546 11,722 4,319 305 2,902 3, 579 1,537 12,615 1,438 ^ Includes: California, 2 establishments; Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 3; Delaware, 1; Kentucky, 2; ifarv- land, 1; Minnesota, 1; New Hampshire, 2; Oregon, 1; Peimsylvania, 8; Rhode Island, 2; Vermont, 2; '\^'is- consin, 4. 2 Includes: Connecticut, 2 establishments; Indiana, 3; Missouri, 2; Nevada, 1; New Jersey, 5; Washing- ton, 1; Wisconsin, 1. GENEBAL TABLES. 693 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (aA-erage lisii- num- ments. ber). • Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. STAMPED AND ENAMELED "WARE, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED — Continued. States, ^PU— Continued. Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island : Wisconsin All other states i u 908 6 611 22 2,263 61 6,706 35 2,853 3t 1,680 3 19 5 2,598 14 1.675 1,918 742 1,681 7,073 3,571 2,001 22 3,481 2, .514 $1,510 S634 1,964 334 3,718 1,144 17,006 3,572 6,629 1,669 4,173 791 23 5 7,506 1,434 3,105 770 S913 1,480 1,473 7,838 3,042 1,533 4 3,055 1,804 SI, 843 2,341 3,560 15, 496 6,761 2,780 12 6,353 3,599 STATIONERY GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED.!! United States. 1914 189 153 143 113 206 159 32 23 5 27 61 15 16 6 36 7,728 6,206 4,295 3,032 4,315 3,117 392 407 12 2,'! 87 1,712 708 6D7 28 1,637 5,703 6,842 3,396 1,706 1,883 18,186 13,508 6,929 4,495 5,439 3,286 144 1,808 19 4,747 2,548 2,265 2,032 89 4,678 3,791 2,736 1,500 958 1,685 1,160 106 290 5 1, 248 798 394 305 14 737 10,763 7,744 3,920 2,128 5,328 3,601 ' 81 875 7 3,552 2,617 906 1,056 99 1,651 21,903 16, 647 8,867 5,066 9,456 6,898 326 2,042 25 6,512 4,690 2,174 2,118 168 4,184 11,140 1909 8,903 1904 4,947 1899 2,938 1889 4,128 1879 2,397 1859 244 States, 191.',. Illinois 440 2 1,282 693 1,118 922 18 1,228 1,167 18 2,960 New York 2,073 1,268 1,062 59 All other states ^ 2,533 STATUARY AND ART GOODS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 Slates, 19U. California Connecticut Illinois Mar3'land Massachusetts Micliigan '. Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states ' 190 1,988 194 1,699 135 1,607 18 67 4 22 13 450 3 20 13 132 4 41 4 11 8 68 11 62 63 734 8 81 18 159 6 61 17 SO 462 1 10 205 35 8 291 69 52 16 74 3,394 1,583 2,221 1,339 1,669 1,030 82 72 16 17 783 326 17 11 452 107 30 44 12 8 89 58 48 37 1,087 616 181 55 328 138 164 46 106 49 31 7 152 10 55 5 8 38 22 354 36 66 21 37 3,910 3,442 2,417 156 33 819 26 28 2 77 23 162 80 1,552 136 334 96 135 > Includes: Delaware, 1 establishment; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 1; Minnesota, 1; Mississippi, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Tennessee, 3; West Virginia, 3. 2 Figures not available for 1869. . _ ^. ^ „ „ ■ „ t j,- „ tt ., 3 Includes- Alabama, 1 establishment; CaUforma, 4; Connecticut, 3; Georgia, 3; Indiana, 3: Kansas, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 4; Minnesota, 4; Missouri, 2; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 6; Ten- ™?InoIudes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Colorado, 2; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia 1; Indiana, 1; Kentucky, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee,!; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont,!; Vir- cinia. 1:' Wa-t^hinfrtoTi, 2 694 CENSUS OF MAJS^rFACTUEES : 1914. Table 223 — SUHMAEY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATE3, BY STATES FOE 1914— Continaed. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- Tiiiin- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. STEAM FITTINGS AND STEAM AND HOT-"WATEE HEATING APPABATU3. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States^ 19U. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri. New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states ' 295 26,388 288 23,378 176 11,690 227 9,252 217 10, 645 95 59 2,474 1,141 28 666 4 15 14 3,371 34 2,579 8 513 4 66 21 3,175 14 1,096 14 269 7 533 12 622 46 4,898 33 2,«4 57 5,747 9 327 IS 764 38,630 33,008 10,696 6,510 7,224 239 24 5,297 4,492 841 123 2,810 1,232 268 776 980 7,751 3,979 8,246 493 1,338 $85,853 $16, 738 59,810 13,891 28,541 6,582 18,233 4,983 17,017 5,204 3,076 1,306 1,606 854 507 200 61 15 8,752 1,922 7,857 1,540 1,523 336 419 43 7,365 2,019 2,273 796 1,309 190 2,334 370 1,986 421 19,013 3,365 7,451 1,546 21, 600 3,475 1,375 206 2,535 494 $26,921 22,534 10, 425 10,220 10,628 2,857 1,424 367 25 2,706 2,356 519 101 2,019 1,130 430 584 692 5,966 2,305 6,705 374 1,009 $63,922 54,084 24,911 22,085 23,147 5,128 3,425 1,029 56 6,454 5,470 1,147 335 5,910 2,915 1,186 1,320 1,722 13,097 6,315 14,999 880 2,116 STEAM PACKING. United stoics. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 States, 1914. California' Colorado Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Yorlc Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 149 4,213 1.53 3,648 106 2,734 97 1,147 34 315 5 19 3 10 15 164 11 71 3 35 5 174 33 662 3 19 34 1,637 37 1,422 17, 254 11, 129 8,846 4,488 46 125 154 29 1,250 2,162 72 6,789 6,564 17,708 2,625 14,126 1,811 12,253 1,273 2,691 525 539 152 54 15 46 7 264 131 208 67 48 25 1,136 114 2,654 425 23 12 8, 134 905 5,141 834 8,176 6,650 3,896 1,646 358 57 18 309 151 44 354 1,591 19 2,705 2,930 14,213 12, 160 8,962 3,494 1,003 40 617 311 99 753 2,612 38 5,003 4,651 STENCILS AND BRANDS.' United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1S79. 1859. 107 448 95 379 103 530 92 418 108 357 104 305 4 8 883 301 .161 226 683 286 533 208 445 209 22,5 140 2 3 332 202 172 141 168 145 1 1,103 769 793 674 733 473 8 1 Includes: Alabama, 3 establishments; Colorado, 1; Delaware, 1; Kansas, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Nov.- Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 3; Tcimessee, 1; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 1; Washington, 2. 2 Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Connecticut,!; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 3; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 1; Missouri, 3; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 18; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Washington, 1; Wisconsin, 1. ^ Figures not available for 18S9. GENERAL TABLES. 695 Table 823,- SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Conlinued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital, Cast of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. STENCIIS AND BRANDS— continued. States, 19H. 3 7 17 21 16 12 4 27 5 18 37 119 42 66 13 148 6 8 25 70 S3 106 3 140 S9 20 41 170 87 164 11 361 *3 11 25 86 29 50 9 88 $5 13 15 64 26 56 6 147 $17 37 86 263 109 180 24 387 S12 Illinois 24 Massachusetts 71 New York 199 Ohio 83 124 IS All other states ^ 240 STEROTTPING AND ELECTROTYPING. United States. 1914 189 174 146 140 81 45 36 41 3 6 25 5 5 15 4 7 7 3 51 16 21 21 3,457 2,850 2,679 2,408 1,289 642 766 305 20 87 706 107 54 250 70 70 109 42 1,097 306 384 156 ' 6,983 .4,0176 1,'470 636 4,710 3,826 3,298 2,389 1,332 536 1,033 127 35 67 813 123 89 307 86 152 85 61 1,482 455 645 320 3,001 2,312 1,993 1,459 824 312 447 121 23 60 628 97 38 167 59 62 79 40 1,068 238 319 123 2,255 1,765 1,032 767 601 200 221 61 23 25 408 47 70 128 40 65 44 23 801 223 216 142 8,154 6,384 5,005 3,772 2,184 725 1,076 286 71 134 1,694 235 147 486 161 175 199 83 2,781 747 923 419 5,899 4,619 3,973 3,005 1,683 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 525 1869 91 854 1859 225 States, 19U. California... 54 97 1,339 273 78 489 177 203 267 61 1,813 952 775 415 48 109 1,186 TnrtiaTift 188 77 MassachuSidtts 357 121 MinnPRota 110 155 New Jersey 60 New York 1,980 Ohio . 524 Pennsylvania 707 277 United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. States, 19U. STOVES AND HOT-AIR FURNACES. 438 29; 636 41,196 78. 524 20,777 23,802 67,941 44, 139 482 32, U8 40, 24S 74,638 19,874 23,529 65,998 42, 469 415 29,728 28,414 52,971 17,823 18,484 64, 409 35,925 7 314 459 686 177 174 540 366 14 285 205 620 266 273 699 426 6 229 250 537 140 132 372 240 62 3,323 4,578 9,475 2,464 3,332 8,404 5,072 27 1,481 2,882 3,790 996 1,676 3,863 2,187 17 393 618 1,288 289 409 1,213 804 8 487 532 789 282 237 751, 517 4 214 208 408 145 111 361 250 7 302 277 791 178 240 660 404 13 1,446 1,961 2,985 1,116 893 2,984 2,091 Alabama California Georgia Illinois: Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts I Includes- Connecticut, 3 establishments: Georgia,!; Kentucky ,2; Louisiana. 2; Maryland, 2; Michi- gan, 2; Missouri, 3; New Jersey, 1; Oregon, 2; Tennessee, 2; Texas, 2; Utah, 1; Virginia, 2; Wasliing- *°?Tncludes- District of Columbia, 2 establishments; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 2; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 1; Ne- braska 1; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee,3; Texas, 2; Virginia, 1; Washrngton, 1; Wisconsin, 2. 696 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAB AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. STOVES AND HOT-AIR FURNACES — Continued. 1 States, /5^— Continued. 22 9 15 5 32 79 10 53 13 5 4 3 9 14 3,832 169 1,714 882 2.536 5,041 80 3,615 1,412 324 53 54 859 490 5,441 212 3,039 1,012 3,695 7,172 88 4,224 1,638 555 60 115 1,408 567 811,460 295 8,515 2,049 6,501 10,657 302 9,906 2,454 1,045 131 78 2,478 1,384 $2, 795 115 1,204 851 1,821 3,485 75 2,328 867 208 44 38 616 378 S3, 170' 113 2,338 643 1,597 3,503 129 2,010 986 187 50 26 1,308 259 $9,668 316 6,644 2.265 5,152 9,991 289 6,366 2,795 528 143 91 2,851 1,013 $0,488 203 4,306 1,622 3,555 Ohio 6,488 160 4.355 1,809 Virginia 341 93 C5 1,.543 754 STOVES, GAS AND OIL. United States, 113 94 79 35 24 13 8 5 15 26 24 4 18 7,790 5,012 3,676 2,471 923 49 594 242 515 3,634 496 28 2,332 7,954 5,276 3,603 1,723 483 23 602 475 670 3,476 548 60 2,100 16, 646 12,406 9,982 3,706 1,200 140 1,688 975 1,193 6,119 1,477 127 4,927 5,088 3,071 1,940 1,138 507 36 395 194 325 2,266 307 16 1.551 10. 153 5,809 3,787 2,502 840 ^ ) — 71 859 646 656 4,912 938 59 2,113 21,449 12, 856 7,724 4,680 2,138 164 1,799 1,098 1,451 9,991 1,675 87 5,184 11,296 1909 7,047 1904 3,937 2,078 18892 1,298 States, 1914. 93 Illinois 940 653 795 5,079 737 28 3,071 STRUCTURAL IRONWORK, NOT MADE IN STEEL WORKS OR ROLUNG MILLS. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 3899. 1889. 1S79. States, 1914. Alabama California Colorado Connecticut Distriet of Columbia. Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts 1,235 47, 167 1,089 40,234 775 34,276 697 ■ 24,903 724 17,168 220 1,934 4 140 70 1,534 10 140 15 237 6 123 3 07 115 4,933 32 1,863 16 266 9 449 10 472 6 31 10 330 61 1,662 109, 374 80, 278 56,719 19, 673 9,062 227 4,045 412 340 316 172 13,148 11,073 1,235 932 949 21 1,034 2,415 144,092 33,429 130, 097 26,422 76,599 19,760 43, 442 13,589 21,968 10,236 1,400 845 430 85 4,788 1,369 363 86 553 141 310 70 186 37 11,871 3,651 7,456 1,348 1,023 166 1,270 296 1,697 259 66 15 810 232 3,232 1,228 87, 622 76, 659 47, 452 38,053 18,021 1,699 216 3,156 272 506 216 101 8,545 3,939 700 2,000 668 14 679 2,084 159, 378 133, 241 90,945 66, 927 37, 745 3,410 422 5,580 429 823 371 185 16,023 6,632 1,090 2,519 1,250 44 1,174 4,312 1 Includes: Connecticut, 4 establisliments; Kansas, 3; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 2; North Caa-olina, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Vermont, 1. 2 Gas stoves only. 'Includes: Connecticut. 2 establishments; Indiana, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 3;"Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 5; Oklahoma, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Vermont, 1; Wisconsin, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 697 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOB INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. STRXjCTURAL lEONWORK, NOT MADE IN STEEL "WORKS OR ROLLING MILLS— Continued. States, iPi 4— Continued. Michigan Minnesota MissourL Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states ^ 31 - 1,371 18 2,058 38 1,273 4 259 83 2,603 362 7,626 93 6,657 7 101 137 9,308 5 151 13 379 10 257 5 30 11 617 13 176 27 1,400 22 615 3,257 2,213 2,364 517 4,476 11,455 16, 155 195 21 , 574 290 1,392 653 36 4,261 470 2.730 1,117 $3,864 $1,039 6,0.36 1,496 3,231 893 922 164 6,297 1,773 18,361 5,340 22,077 4,678 698 141 38, 182 6,308 217 123 1,330 280 909 172 34 22 2,221 415 603 166 3,734 1,069 2,431 398 $2,207 3,663 1,735 464 4,916 10,671 12,604 402 20,360 283 764 508 24 1,555 258 2,876 1,337 $4,918 6.. 306 3.509 829 8,096 22,064 22,616 6o0 35, 763 515 1,555 971 61 3,141 550 4,779 2,201 SUGAE, BEET. United States. 1914 60 68 51 30 12 13 10. 3 22 7,997 7,204 3,963 1,970 2,009 2,268 1,326 282 2,112 76,706 57, 202 35,490 14, 460 22,868 20, 586 10,306 3,520 - 19,425 142,181 129, 629 65,923 20,142 37,819 38,378 26,488 4,393 35,103 6,606 4,808 2,487 1,092 1,675 1,993 932 •209 1,797 41,399 27,265 14, 487 4,804 10,065 13,357 6,244 877 10,856 62,605 48, 122 24,394 7,324 15,529 17,636 11,023 2,061 16,366 21,206 1909 20, 857 1904 9,907 1899 2,520 States, lOli. 6,464 Colorado 4,279 4,779 Ohio 1,174 All other states ^ 5,510 SUGAE, CANE. United States. 1914 181 214 5 4 172 3,632 4,127 14 10 3,608 113,246 122,189 66 80 113,100 32,997 37,926 38 53 32,906 1,561 1,863 4 2 1,555 15,958 21,295 9 11 15,938 21, 635 30,621 18 18 21,599 6,677 1909 9,326 States, 19U. Florida 9 Texas 7 All other states ^ 6,661 SUGAE, EEFINING. United States. 1914 18 19 5 3 10 11,253 9,399 4,899 1,741 4,613 49,666 38,414 16,017 16,965 16,694 140,600 115,241 64,220 19,699 56,581 7,823 5,621 3,215 1,240 3,368 264,085 226,288 114,367 42,098 107, 620 289,399 248,629 124,941 45,936 118,522 25,314 22,341 States, 1914. 10,574 3,838 10,902 1 Includes- Arkansas, 2 establishments; Delaware, 5; Florida, 2; Maine, 2; Montana, 1; North Carolina, 3; Oklahoma, 2; South Carolina, 1; South Dakota, 2; West Virginia, 2. 2 Includes: Idaho, 4 establishments; Illinois, 1; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Minnesota, 1; Mon- tana, 1; Nebraska, 2; Utah, 7; Wisconsin, 3. „ „ . , „ ,. ' Includes- Arizona, 1 establishment; Louisiana, 168; Mi,ssissippi, 2; South Carolina, 1. < Includes: CaliXorma, 2 establishments; Louisiana, 3; Massachusetts, 2; New Jersey, 2; Texas, 1. 698 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1&14. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. SHLPHUEIC, NITRIC, AND MIXED ACIDS. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 States, 19U- New Jersey Ohio Pennsylvania All other states i 32 3,064 42 2,2fi2 32 2,447 34 2,356 909 6 4 222 6 274 16 1,659 24,927 6,494 5,416 3,409 2,042 6,993 12,483 835,234 12,213 18,726 1,496 12,762 1,505 13,982 1,328 7,767 697 2,215 161 5,690 236 19,562 1,119 S6, 734 5,386 4,973 4,033 2,160 402 500 3,672 $15,215 9,884 9,063 8,596 5,071 862 1,158 8,124 SURGICAL APPLIANCES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. California Colorado Illinois Kansas Massachusetts Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states 2 238 4,282 194 3,809 180 2,811 219 1,639 155 612 71 477 19 34 3 8 26 654 4 22 14 249 5 18 76 442 16 140 19 609 66 2,206 6,361 5,170 3,026 1,159 293 32 5 558 27 322 3 299 45 398 4,672 11,883 2,211 10,164 1,814 5,383 1,155 2,487 021 866 301 843 265 67 24 18 6 1,693 384 94 12 635 149 8 9 835 238 157 76 856 291 7,530 1,022 7,098 5,093 2,729 1,292 524 287 37 4 1,646 18 1,039 13 693 134 348 3,166 14,920 11,075 6,385 3,932 1,660 116 18 3,135 60 1,459 35 1,683 423 1,007 SUSPENDERS, GARTERS, AND ELASTIC WOVEN GOODS. United States. 1914 1909 States, WH. Illinois Massachusetts New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island All other states ^ 216 9,646 251 10,141 14 697 30 2,928 6 224 87 1,149 11 299 22 587 6 621 40 3,141 7,524 4,899 135 1,650 219 156 153 149 1,528 3,534 16,344 4,276 15,208 4,273 808 237 5,060 1,411 901 109 1,624 522 449 104 788 209 1,068 302 5,646 1,382 15,191 16,912 1,220 3,581 326 3,025 586 1,406 734 4,313 24,433 28,350 2,077 6,323 552 4,461 939 2,171 1,222 6,688 1 Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; California, 2; Colorado, 1; Connectiout, 2; Delaware, 1; Illinois, 2; Kansas, 1; Maryland, 1; New York, 2; South Carolina 1; Tennessee, 1; Virginia, 1. 2 Includes: Connecticut, 7 establishments; District of Columbia, 2; Indiana, 2; Kentuclty, 2; Maine, 2; Maryland, 3; Michigan, 7; Minnesota, 2; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 11; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 1; Tennes.see, 2; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Washington, 1; Wisconsin, 5. "Includes; Colorado,! establishment; Connecticut, 13; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 2; Louisiana, 1: Maine,l ; Mary- land, 2; Michigan, 4; Minnesota, 3; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1; Tennessee, 3; Vermont, 1; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 4. GENEKAL TABLES. 699 Table 233.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED JTATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber oJ earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost ol materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. THEATEICAL SCETTEBT. United States.^ 1914.. $266 $89 $125 $327 United StaUa.' 1914 14 10 14 15 1,031 683 766 682 2,458 1,699 1,388 854 3,349 2,505 1,918 2,094 527 304 303 228 3,672 2,277 1,888 1,074 5,068 3,419 2,796 1,593 1,396 1909 1,142 1904 907 1899 519 TIN PLATE AND TEBNEPLATE. United Stales. 1914 31 31 36 57 7 13 8 3 5,238 6,352 4,847 3,671 963 2,368 1,476 442 9,366 8,154 8,990 3,515 1,330 4,269 1,421 2,346 26,847 10,995 10, 813 6,650 3,202 16, 179 5,199 3,267 3,924 3,315 2,383 1,890 659 1,785 1,182 298 57,907 41,889 31,376 26,728 9,443 31,934 11,867 4,663 68,343 47,970 35, 283 31,892 10,826 36, 796 15,131 5,690 10,436 6,081 1904 3,907 1899 6,164 States, ion. Ohio 1,383 4,862 3,264 A-ll other states ^ 927 TINWAHE, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECDTIED. United States. 1914 294 , 318 377 32 26 16 8 10 11 62 17 36 6 3 3 7 58 22,584 19, 754 16,919 3,383 3,072 685 717 ■ 843 1,328 4,470 2,260 1,575 148 30 360 22 3,691 19,139 15,690 8,946 3,069 2,318 342 479 743 1,340 3,866 2,222 1,474 93 79 334 24 2,756 118,218 111,246 92,556 . 22,233 10, 766 3,815 1,792 1,785 4,098 16,226 12,645 6,813 156 100 2,531 76 36,193 12,217 8,675 6,842 1,980 1,467 341 367 432 639 2,548 1,245 785 70 16 174 11 2,142 63,841 39, 273 26,248 8,488 8,820 1,227 1,024 1,247 3,510 9,112 4,879 2,866 193 121 689 18 11,647 81,931 58, 814 41,893 12,937 11,732 2,144 1,769 2,207 4,848 14,363 7,596 4,699 323 148 1,126 38 18,112 28,090 1909 ; . . - 19,541 1904 15,645 States, 1914- Illinois 4,449 2,912 917 735 960 1,338 8,251 QJljO 2,717 1,733 130 27 436 20 0,465 'Includes- California, 1 establishment; Massachusetts, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 2; New York, 2. 'Includes'in 1914: Connecticut, 1 establishment; IlUnois, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 1; New York, 9; Pennsylvania, 1. , ,. , ^ , ■,. , ,r , j , "Includes: Illinois, 1 estabhshment; Indiana, 1; Maryland, 1. 'Includes- Alabama, 1 establishment; California, 10; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 4; Georgia, 2; Indiana, 6- Kansas i- Kentucky, 2; Leuisiana, 3; Maine, 5; Minnesota, 4; Nebraska, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 3; Teraiessee', 6; Utah, 1; Washington, 5; West Virginia, 3. 700 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED -STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners Gstab- (average lish- num- mouts. ber.) Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials Value of products. Expressed in thousands. TOBACCO, CHEWING AND SMOKING, AND SNUFF. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 18S9 1879 18C9 1859 States, 1914- Illinois Indiana Kentucky Massaehusotts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 435 25,980 460 27,232 433 23,990 437 29,161 393 29,790 477 32, 756 573 21,799 026 18, 859 44 1,190 19 70 38 2,312 15 SI 17 1,780 8 15 2,871 73 378 20 8,950 24 1,257 73 439 3 9 14 1,695 9 190 04 4,790 21,273 19,253 18, 535 17, 733 12,124 3,044 1,000 37 1,535 183 1,082 1 1,845 563 5,231 1,462 790 3 1,085 291 6,165 $131,858 $9, 550 170,604 114,084 8,923 74, 466 178,848 6,775 44,964 43,857 7,110 35,038 30,841 6,947 29,192 17,207 6,419 34,397 13,556 6,217 21,609 9,494 3,671 13,025 5,886 685 4,972- 83 34 91 13,908 853 7,110 85 12 88 4,820 700 - 3,500 2 7 13,188 0,412 1,352 1,129 174 730 34,422 2,504 20.396 11,814 553 4,788 1,675 178 1,109 14 3 12 7,750 499 4.481 1.818 89 805 47,140 2,014 15, 321 1175, 281 156, 607 no, 768 103, 754 65, 844 52, 793 38,388 21,821 12, 717 207 14, 785 201 8,545 16 31,063 1,590 46,484 11,228 2,192 24 8,765 2,090 35,374 TOBACCO, CIGARS AND CIGARETTES. United States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1889... 1879... 1869 2.. 1859=.. States, 191/,. Alabama Arizona -Arkansas California Colorado District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kan.sas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massac-liusetts Michic:an Minnesota 13,516 152,892 15, 302 139, 678 16, 394 135,410 14,522 103, 365 10, 956 87,000 7,145 4,631 53,297 26, 049 1,478 33 16 12 303 7,997 138 40 59 1,507 70 330 16 145 270 10, 761 08 331 29 27 1,578 6,457 399 3,583 298 1,662 117 360 115 1,014 74 242 217 3,212 321 3,895 609 7,295 310 1,261 17,404 9,201 6,069 4,663 2,303 46 76 7 8 149 4 1 143 273 31 26 23 6 354 156 4,061 31 171,982 68,306 131,576 60, 432 145, 136 65,804 07, 661 40, 806 59, 518 36,476 21,699 18, 466 11,369 9,099 3,036 2,531 107 54 71 25 37 23 1,756' 926 460 225 210 67 9,369 6,638 163 138 52 19 6,136 3,924 1,934 1,635 1,504 864 386 166 634 358 161 148 4,172 1,184 4,243 3,098 5, 205 3,079 1,447 099 130,530 102, 720 81,132 57,828 50, 299 29, 578 13, 047 3,511 44 28 1,372 387 111 7,739 187 57 6,082 2,196 1,270 287 652 190 2,464 3,722 5,463 1,121 314, 260, 214, 159, 129, 63, 33, 9> 192 104 81 3,988 805 243 19, 385 450 128 13,320 3,310 3,105 663 1,361 473 5,362 9,009 12,122 2,866 •Includes: Arizom, 1 establishment; Colorado, 2; Connootiout, 2; Delaware, 1: Florida, 2; Georgia, 1; lowa,0; Kansas, 1; Lo.iisJani, 1; Maryland, 2; New Jersey, 13; Oregon, 1; Tennessee, 2 i; Texas, 3; West Virgmia, 2. 2 The industry designation did not spesity cigarettes, which at that time were not made to any consider- able extent. GENEEAL TABLES. 701 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR lOll^Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ol earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber.) Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials Value of products. Expressed in thousands. TOBACCO, CIGARS AND CIGARETTES — Continued. states, M/.f— Continued, Mississippi Missouri Mqntana : Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. Rhode Island South Dakota Tennessee : Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states ^ 3 41 B 70 120 10 36 5 2,79S- 13 18 937 '38 83 2,121 43 40 25 66 21 25 62 115 90 747 17 690 12, 1 126 82 505 10 058 13 HI 517 29 025 88 154 ,931 344 81 51 ;,613 215 ,322 !,289 15 ■,370 1,425 839 2 2,572 1 2,174 2,294 $1 $1 904 637 114 69 490 249 14 7 576 798 7 7 60,809 13,958 2,154 480 50 18 8,200 4,799 70 43 157 109 29,281 13,261 177 140 277 130 175 107 328 159 91 61 42 29 6,718 1,666 281 158 957 902 2,361 1,232 16 11 19. 695 6,114 S2 873 118 449 16 1,216 10 37, 235 3,914 29 7,129 80. 148 23,045 138 159 114 240 66 45 7,620 217 803 1,821 31 12, 674 36 2,318 306 1,033 39 2,390 25 86,489 11,377 70 17,239 183 383 52,021 412 434 322 602 190 107 21,331 663 2,446 4,689 68 30,821 TOOLS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIEIED. United States. 1914 661 678 684 446 462 145 9 43 68 10 14 15 5 100 24 6 19 3 3 48 100 62 71 19 5 6 15 16 16,866 15, 999 11,643 7,614 6,410 3,151 29 2,560 1,115 247 292 68 22 4,538 372 13 191 6 6 1,142 1,157 2,227 2,077 199 215 9 149 232 38, 474 36, 068 21, 965 11,808 9,274 47,618 36, 576 22, 919 13,687 11,377 4,384 63 5,346 2,384 770 711 257 50 14, 411 947 52 911 28 9 2,572 3,547 6,789 6,719 266 379 67 571 769 10,217 9,025 6,049 3,782 3,482 1,490 19 1,469 799 141 148 49 10 2,836 271 10 115 5 4 660 723 1,330 1,153 123 108 8 86 144 12,235 11,049 7,250 4,657 3,617 1,533 19 1,431 944 320 440 111 31 2,560 354 7 188 3 3 809 989 1,524 1,893 53 152 8 126 270 33,893 30, 381 20,407 13,368 10,528 4,237 69 4,185 2,616 641 821 206 70 8,620 859 33 400 11 10 2,022 2,449 5,188 4,231 275 355 38 296 608 21,658 1909 - - - 19, 332 1904 13, 157 1S99 8,701 1S89 7,011 2,704 States, 1914. 62 5,066 3,367 621 913 344 21 8,669 961 23 622 21 45 2,002 3,702 5,364 4,340 177 715 47 496 996 40 2,754 1,672 Indiana - 221 Iowa 381 95 39 Massachusetts 6,060 505 26 212 8 7 New Jersey -. • 1,213 1,460 Ohio 3,664 2,338 222 203 Washington v. 30 170 All other states^ 338 1 Includes: Connecticut, 254 estaljlishments; Delaware, 17; Louisiana, 27; New Jersey, 381; South Carolma, J Includes- Colorado 1 establishment: Georgia. 1; Louisiana, 1; North Carolina, 1; North Dakota, 1; Oklahoma^ i; Oregon, 2; Tennessee, 1; Texas^3; Virginia, 1; West Vfrgima, 3. 702 CENSUS OP MANUFAOTUEES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. TOYS AND GAMES. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 19U. Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maryland Massachusetts Micliigan New Hampshire . , . . New Jersey New York Ohio. Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont All other states ^ 290 7,887 226 5,305 161 4,330 169 3,ai6 139 3,148 1G6 2,196 49 615 12 176 14 527 14 139 8 338 4 41 4 42 18 1,381 7 251 7 114 13 440 97 1,883 36 1,103 36 1,170 4 30 4 160 24 268 6,789 5,323 4,757 3,155 2,582 ""327 276 52 434 37 11 1,119 198 201 121 996 941 1,521 3 330 549 S10,484 $3,499 S5,779 $13, 757 6,541 2,227 3,554 8,264 4,831 1,615 2,289 6,578 3,279 1,119 1,665 4,010 2,781 1,075 1,454 3,750 916 513 596 1,563 313 182 160 580 87 45 71 184 753 229 380 1,040 215 79 136 394 139 198 395 39 15 16 69 40 14 23 68 1,728 636 1,129 2,636 365 149 246 529 141 50 71 .175 6ia 164 227 641 1,819 820 1,726 3,713 1,691 520 799 1,909 2,089 498 624 1,769 24 8 7 21 204 66 52 160 473 112 145 361 TRUNKS AND VALISES. United StateS: 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914. Alabama California Colorado,. Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee , Texas Virginia , Washington Wisconsin All other states " I 661 9,911 .V.!4 11, 122 373 9,091 312 6,964 396 6,032 266 4,534 222 3,479 164 2,197 1,320 11 116 5 36 228 12 56 3 20 47 1,035 V 156 7 11 4 11 H 36 6 219 7 45 25 377 12 184 21 585 4 8 27 720 149 2,340 21 287 58 1,002 V 104 12 73 11 1,174 1(1 30 18 820 50 379 7,566 6,885 6,016 3,314 2,001 413 14 165 52 38 522 288 5 35 27 94 441 11 988 771 271 473 100 41 955 9 1,087 196 18,571 5,540 18,308 6,537 11,019 4,139 6,929 ' 2,777 6,901 2,791 2,792 1,787 2,186 1,811 964 702 357 386 20 8 672 143 128 32 27 10 1,531 894 333 80 35 9 44 8 49 13 726 127 25 20 716 224 412 104 1,040 357 26 6 1,291 481 3,363 1,335 562 172 1,297 553 183 33 152 39 2,925 497 71 17 2,200 395 .853 183 13, 625 26,472 14,629 28,028 9,108 18, 644 5,966 12, 429 4,704 10, 822 3,910 7,252 3,315 7,725 1,408 2,890 766 1,558 16 42 296 611 56 157 16 53 1,239 2,638 163 264 15 31 10 30 43 74 263 449 30 78 650 1,138 173 432 743 1,787 12 .'(2 1,000 2,080 4,136 7,129 298 678 1,463 2,695 107 226 49 185 1,204 2,421 30 83 1,180 2,241 433 918 1 Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Arkansas, 1; California, 3; Colorado, 2; Georgia, 2; Kansas 2; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 1; Minnesota, 1; Mississippi, 1; Missouri, 3; Tennessee, 2; Wisconsin, 3. ' Includes: Arizona, 1 establishment; Arkansas, 2; Connecticut, 2; District of Columbia, 2; Florida, 2; Kentucky, 3; Minnesota, 17; Montana, 2; New Hampshire, 1; New Mexico. 1: North Dakota. 2; Okla- homa, 2; Oregon, 5; Rhode Island, 2; South Dakota, 1; "' GENERAL TABLES. 703 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES. BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ol earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wtges. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. TURPENTINE AND ROSIN. ^ United States. 1914 1909 : 1904 1899 1889 1879 1860 1859 1849 States, 1914. Alabama Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Texas 1,394 34,817 1,585 39,511 1,287 33,382 1,503 41,864 670 15,266 508 227 10,535 ■2,638 625 4,214 866 3,437 3,411 160 508 15,466 562 9,118 27 2,472 61 3,275 35 45 35 221 6 809 2,478 4,129 1,175 866 4 192 164 913 ,158 79 108 33 2 21 $20,745 $8,583 12,401 9,363 6,961 8,383 11,848 8,394 4,062 2,907 1,866 1,623 902 476 4,014 771 1,664 447 'i;b39 850 9,895 4,015 4,572 2,101 2,280 689 2,273 669 66 10 62 42 558' 207 55,536 4,911 3,775 6,186 2,875 2,325 2,146 4,324 1,484 621 2,584 1.173 424 580 57 $20,990 25,295 23,937 20,345 8,077 6,877 3,685 6,468 2,866 2,047 9,573 4,608 1,858 1,997 147 152 TYPE FOUNDING. United States. 1914 31 29 21 22 38 48 31 7 6 18 1,054 1,491 1,446 1,424 1,950 1,986 1,331 266 30 758 1,657 1,285 973 699 648 5,516 6,173 4,917 2,269 4,968 2,773 1,705 1,695 63 3,758 666 836 884 803 1,122 959 720 195 20 451 901 1,011 746 864 1,434 661 820 336 17 649 2,326 2,721 2,728 2,842 3,917 2,330 2,180 793 60 1,467 1,419 1909 1,710 1904 1,982 1899 ,1,978 1889 2,483 1879 1,669 1869 166 796 49 812 1,360 States, 1914. 468 New York 43 918 TYPEWRITERS AND SUPPLIES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 ■ States, 1914. Connecticut New Jersey New York All other states i! 107 11,091 89 9,578 66 6,232 47 4,340 30 1,631 7 4,662 8 428 61 4,446 31 1,556 10,887 6,845 4,455 2,272 775 3,676 803 4,491 1,917 30,988 6,966 26,309 6,221 16,642 3,469 8,400 2,404 1,422 945 11,286 2,802 2,169 269 12,184 2,903 6,359 992 5,601 4,077 1,870 1,402 633 1,461 611 2,469 1,060 24,500 19, 719 10,640 6,932 .3,630 7,178 1,236 12,252 3,834 1 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Georgia, 1; Kansas, 2; Maryland, 1: Massachusetts, 3; Michigan, 1: Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 2; New .Jersey, 2; Pennsylvania, 3; Washington, 1. 2 Includes: California, 3 establishments; Illinois, 11; Indiana, 1; Massachusetts, 3; Michigan, 1; Nebraska, 1; Ohio, 3; Oregon, 1; Pennsylvania, 6; Tennessee, 1. 704 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 323.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES; COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ol earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials, Value ot products. Expressed in thousands. UMBEELLAS AND CANES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 18691 18S92 18493 States, 1914. California Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Ncw~ York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states < 265 4,792 256 6,472 204 5,386 202 5,640 435 6,022 172 93 3,608 3,196 72 80 2,170 2,576 4 3 8 484 7 83 5 17 146 1,567 13 267 45 2,141 6 18 32 211 2,579 2,413 2,122 1,457 1,296 230 1 123 50 6 365 184 ,747 20 83 -59,469 .12,167 9,566 2,253 8,951 1,826 4,605 1,869 6,646 2,436 2,659 1,159 2,106 1.057 1,078 477 762 434 6 3 874 172 90 30 18 7 2,471 841 680 101 5,028 915 54 9 348 89 S8, 592 10,053 8,250 8,381 7,563 4,603 2,220 2,058 1,400 3 987 144 27 3,673 480 2,963 66 250 $13,813 15,864 13,296 13,669 13, 772 6,917 4,822 3,082 2,506 11 1,602 216 67 5,961 836 4,470 96 554 UPHOLSTERING MATERIALS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. JJaiicd States. 1914 1909 States, 1914. California Georgia. Illinois Indiana Louisiana Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New Yort Pennsylvania Virginia Wisconsin All other states '" 179 4,426 230 4,067 4 20 4 31 8 434 4 178 15 169 8 197 6 34 3 28 9 137 9 313 27 661 16 398 14 177 15 339 38 1,404 18, 763 17, 456 65 250 1,452 440 678 1,014 497 215 1,933 1,278 2,211 1,078 1,610 1,769 4,263 15,879 2,144 10,297 1,689 45 20 28 10 1,276 240 M7 110 223 36 1,060 105 142 31 22 6 414 72 2,188 167 3,139 296 1,732 208 291 67 1,140 172 3,833 604 10,796 8,069 29 12 1,246 371 205 1,232 58 10 212 1,214 1,341 1,001 145 629 3,092 16,492 13,054 60 40 1,771 636 291 1,477 112 22 324 1,811 1,965 1,458 276 994 6,256 VARNISHES. Uvit(d States. 1914. 1909. 1904. 1899. 1889. 1879- 1869. 1859. 215 2,734 203 2,376 190 1,862 181 1,546 140 1,145 81 573 59 416 48 316 29, 861 1,865 26,109 1,534 19, 703 1,200. 17,651 996 11,309 733 3,778 367 2,169 252 1,081 126 16,877 16, 557 13,620 10,939 7,806 3,700 3,311 1,549 33,215 30,317 23,662 18, 687 13,796 5,721 4,991 2,403 1 "Umbrella furniture" and "umbrellas and canes." 2 "Umbrella furniture" and "umbrellas and parasols." 3 "Umbrellas," Canes included under "whips and canes" in 1849, and under "whips, whip lashes, sockets, and canes" in 1859. < Includes: Connecticut, 4 establishments; Florida, 2; Georgia, 1: Illinois, 4; Indiana, 1; Louisiana, 3; Missouri, 3; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 5; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 1; Utali, 1. j Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Arkansas, 3; Connecticut, 2; Delaware, 1; Florida, 1; Iowa, 2; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 7; Missouri, 2; North Carolina, 3; Ohio, 3; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 2; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont, 1; West Virginia, 1. GENEKAL TABLES. 705 TABT.E 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES; COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES. BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber ol earners estab- (average Ush- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed, in thousands. VARNISHES— continued. States, 1914. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maryland Massaclausetts Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ' — 7 20 4 19 32 440 6 64 3 12 12 96 4 20 7 47 29 404 45 795 30 410 23 151 14 256 33 45 1,604 162 55 192 19 60 1,026 2,414 1,012 571 463 5302 $18 201 17 5,137 314 737 48 44 5 914 67 228 9 317 25 5,352 301 8,125 647 4,444 263 1,301 103 2,759 148 $155 90 3,030 304 53 792 88 218 2,386 4,769 2,431 897 1,664 $281 215 5,446 619 65 1,544 185 342 5,233 9,458 4,603 1,798 3,526 VAULT LIGHTS AND VENTILATORS. VniteH States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, ton. Illinois Indiana New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ 45 601 37 327 24 222 14 138 16 174 12 115 5 143 3 57 14 245 3 12 37 14 107 491 234 174 103 47 91 45 124 40 103 1,064 457 607 228 241 154 121 81 175 116 138 66 301 149 171 32 293 158 13 7 108 ■S8 168 83 959 338 161 141 186 109 278 184 290 10 57 140 2,051 967 484 338 455 273 573 314 643 25 134 362 VINEGAR AND ClDEIt. United States. 1914. 1909- 1904. 1879- 1869- 1859. States, 1914. Alabama California . . . Colorado Connecticut. Illinois Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire . New Jersey 618 1,229 963 1,542 568 1,528 613 1,557 694 2,637 306 1,257 728 2,041 213 503 3 4 13 50 4 19 45 24 12 160 5 6 7 39 12 6 3 53 78 66 87 16 52 6 15 13 7 21 29 13, 162 16,681 10,556 18,849 9,084 2,797 71 603 705 114 360 200 22 963 1,349 293 200 171 376 8,055 713 10,879 723 7,520 725 5,630 652 5,858 721 2,152 413 1,846 319 546 142 13 1 316 31 126 11 125 11 1,021 113 51 3 269 19 42 3 3 424 47 601 50 424 27 182 11 17 3 192 17 4,440 4,964 3,862 3,134 3,268 1,888 2,110 501 10 138 66 43 492 19 380 12 1 200 253 228 88 7 140 7,811 8,448 7,265 6,932 6,649 3,418 3,472 1,090 288 124 791 33 700 28 2 391 486 382 138 17 201 'Includes: Kansas, 1 establishment; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 1; Michigan, 5; Nebraska, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Virginia, 1; Washington, 1. 2 Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; California, 2; Connecticut, 1; Kentucky, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Minnesota, 2; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 2; Rhode Island, 1; Wisconsin, 1; 706 CENSUS OP MANUFACTUKES : 1914:. Table 223.-SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. tBae and state. Num- Wage ber ot earners estab- (average Jish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. VINEGAR AND CIDER — Continued. States, /9/4— Continued New York Oliio Oregon Peims\ h-ania Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West VirRinia Wisconsin All other states > 189 362 18 23 5 19 49 78 6 28 6 28 16 14 12 27 9 6 5 13 24 65 5,092 330 94 715 86 123 153 78 320 12,596 J206 67 12 119 13 304 4S 268 15 203 17 78 6 203 12 56 2 34 8 321 30 WALL PAPER, NOT MADE IN PAPER MILLS. United States. 48 45 44 51 27 26 15 26 6 6 9 11 3 12 8 4,738 4,037 3,913 4,172 2,584 2,487 869 1,294 93 544 963 1,513 100 1,287 325 7,010 5,680 4,867 4,573 2,473 17,620 14, 163 12,354 8,890 6,710 3,561 1,416 1,038 50 2,021 4,287 5,377 331 4,801 803 2,703 2,039 1,868 2,074 1,172 875 329 328 26 335 594 844 67 683 180 8,536 7,623 6,658 6,073 3,672 3,629 1,315 1,154 52 1,281 1,759 2,182 269 2,585 470 15,887 14,449 12,637 10,663 7,432 6,267 2,166 2,149 107 2,254 3,424 4,577 450 4,153 1,029 7,351 1909 6,820 1904 6,979 1899 - - - 4,590 3,860 1879 2,638 18GU 388 851 1859 995 1849 55 States, 1914. 1,062 1,639 1,763 221 1,813 512 973 New Jersey 1,665 New York 2,395 Ohio Pennsylvania 191 1,568 559 WALL PLASTER. ' United States. 1914 1909 1904 1859 1859 1849 States, lOli. Cahiomia ■ IlUnois Indiana Iowa Kansa.s Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania Texas Utah All other states ^ 165 5,389 198 4,791 176 3,768 321 1,513 307 140 8 866 381 88 5 48 4 12 7 699 4 132 13 631 7 206 29 1,628 22 628 6 161 21 226 3 200 3 62 33 780 36,626 25,892 20,064 6,305 1,386 279 115 3,648 1,321 4,295 1,419 9,602 3,617 1,347 1,333 1,102 686 6,576 29,511 3,463 16,885 2,391 13,204 1,890 2,341 633 1,024 233 410 101 595 66 470 36 32 6 3,340 492 798 96 3,579 421 465 137 9,110 993 2,688 370 914 89 1,370 126 1,048 114 374 50 4,728 468 7,993 6,007 4,726 1,430 523 239 130 147 68 486 126 743 411 3,177 770 104 666 170 44 971 16,544 12,804 10,164 2,692 1,111 429 230 281 71 1,722 297 2,074 703 6,247 1,714 313 1,048 488 181 2,115 ' Includes: Arkansas, 4 establishments; District of Columbia, 1; Florida, 1; Idaho, 2; Indiana, 2; Louisiana, 1; Montana, 1; Oklahoma, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Utah, 2; Washington, 6. * Includes: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Delaware, 2; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Massachusetts, 2. " Included in " Lime and cement" in 1890, 1889, and 1879. * Includes: Arizona, 1 estabhshment; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 2; Kentucky, 2; Maryland, 1; Missouri, 1; Montana,!; Nevada, 3; New Mexico, 2; Oregon, 1; South Dakota, 2; Tennessee, 1; Vermont, 2; Virgioia, 3; Washington, 2; West Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 4; Wyoming, 2. GENEBAL TABLES. 707 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOE THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products Expressed in thousands. WASHING MACHINES AND CLOTHES WRINGEKS. United States. 19U 1909. 1904 1899 1889 1879 18G9 1859 States, 1914. IlUnois Indiana Iowa Kansas Missouri New York Otiio All other states i 111 2,302 100 1,835 92 1,622 118 1,509 163 1,030 61 476 64 462 29 86 18 247 C 80 14 375 5 22 8 122 8 109 11 171 41 1,176 4,903 3,351 3,664 2,732 1,057 641 296 212 685 114 326 397 416 2,457 $7,298 «1,221 5,318 904 2,952 684 2,405 549 1,713 431 653 176 811 201 35 29 694 150 150 41 1,199 237 92 14 295 66 637 72 460 91 3,781 550 J4,148 2,837 2,213 2,175 1,355 588 455 25 623 125 703 21 178 195 348 1,955 S7,600 5,825 3,839 3,735 2,489 1,183 1,380 1,137 219 1,499 92 350 433 713 3,157 United States. 1914 73 53 41 25 31 11 31 3 28 2,966 1,897 1,559 1,091 279 800 529 33 1,604 8,513 4,286 3,863 2,193 655 1,950 2,373 71 4,119 10,668 6,125 3,586 2,437 712 1,964 2,066 40 6,598 1,191 716 496 327 103 309 256 10 616 15,238 8,837 6,825 4,000 1,692 3,338 2,546 35 9,319 17,600 11,398 8,343 4,880 1,907 3,780 3,285 74 10,461 2,362 1909 2,661 1904 1,518 880 1889 315 States, 19U- 442 739 39 1,142 WATCH AND CLOCK MATEKIALS. United States. 25 26 17 20 30 22 30 5 5 15 670 643 386 331 547 324 322 158 7 505 626 334 168 205 383 1,290 857 426 367 706 124 273 138 17 1,141 380 288 182 152 258 101 152 84 4 292 343 218 107 106 326 149 244 37 11 295 1,015 675 429 345 831 l?l 166 27 822 672 457 1904 322 239 1889 605 1879 202 239 30 6 590 330 States, 1914. 129 TSTpw York 10 627 1 Includes: CaUfomia, 3 estabhshments; Idaho, 1; Kentuclcy, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan 6; Minnesota, 2- Nebraska, 3; New Jersey, 1; Oklahoma, 2; Pennsylvania, 15; Rhode Island, 1; Texas, 2; Wisconsin, 3. ' 2 Includes: CaUfomia, 1 estabhshment; Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 1; Illinois, 1; Indiana, 1; Kentucky, 1; Michigan 3- New Jersey, 4; New York, 5; North Carolma, 4; Ohio, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Texas, 2. ' Includes'- Connecticut, 6 estabhshments; IlUnois, 4; New Jersey, 2; Oiuo, 2; Pennsylvania, 2. 708 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1914. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES; BY STATES FOE 1914~Continued. YEAK AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. WATCH CASES. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 States, ion. New York All other states i 31 3, 514 29 4,569 28 4,221 30 3,907 45 3,679 27 49 1,758 703 13 756 18 2,758 2,386 3,366 2,869 1,798 1,003 233 2,153 $11,220 $1,938 15,942 2,428 12, 660 2,171 8,119 1,925 4,727 1,897 1,585 976 731 555 3,913 438 7,307 1,500 $4,002 5,034 4,429 4,394 6,022 2,813 1,153 1,101 2,901 $7,831 10, 515 8,627 7,784 8,618 4,589 2,333 2,124 5,707 Vnilei Slates? 1914 1909 1904 1809 18S9 1879 1809 15 12,390 13 10, 684 14 10, 724 13 6,880 19 6,595 11 37 3,346 1,816 6,624 5,649 3,172 1,762 1,360 145 36,389 7,524 26, 994 6,086 19,410 6,024 14,235 3,587 10, 106 3,588 4,144 1,712 2,666 1,304 2,669 2,186 2,259 1,291 996 982 413 14,275 11, 771 11, 866 6,823 6,051 3,271 2,819 WHEELBAKEOWS. United Slates. 1914 1909 1904 1.S99 1SS9 1879 1869 States, 19H. New York Pennsylvania All other states ^ 21 323 24 664 26 584 16 321 26 567 22 23 239 238 6 66 6 40 . 10 227 1,198 1,486 1,282 762 1,148 510 348 111 739 947 199 1,510 321 1,045 296 514 127 1,116 261 266 72 244 111 73 32 192 16 682 151 429 715 494 180 638 102 166 37 57 335 942 1,625 1,178 454 1,186 227 473 126 104 712 United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 18G9* 1S69* 1849' States, 1914. Massachusetts Now York All other states "^ 40 1,163 57 1,546 68 1,554 60 1,287 81 944 88 1,056 103 961 71 1,179 70 1,051 21 996 5 33 14 134 1,076 1,321 1,068 818 443 267 768 76 242 3,050 569 3,900 704 3,368 603 1,894 478 1,632 403 1,078 416 884 386 372 241 199 196 2,516 493 SO 15 454 61 1,341 1,685 1,253 1,278 822 701 504 224 238 1,168 26 147 3,162 3,949 3,147 2,734 2,164 1,699 1,243 862 575 2,804 66 292 1 Includes: Kentucky, 1 establishment; Illinois, 4; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 6; Ohio, 3; Pennsylvania, 2. ' Includes in 1914: Connecticut, 1 establishment; Illinois, 2; Indiana, 1; Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 2; New Jersey, 3; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 1; South Carolina, 1. = Includes: Arkansas, 1 establishment; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 1; North Carolina, 1; Ohio 4- Tennessee, 1; Wisconsin, 1. ' ' * Whips and canes. t* Whips, whipla.shes, sockets, and cane.5. ' Includes: Illinois, 2 establishments; Maryland, 1; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; Ohio, 2; Penn- sylvania, 3; Teias, 2; Virginia, 1. GENEKAL TABLES. 709 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 19H— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. WINDMILLS. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. Illiuols Indiana Kansas All other states ^ .■il 1,955 34 2,337 53 1,929 68 2,045 77 1,110 69 ;36 H 1,182 3 451 4 11 13 311 3,997 3,301 3,694 2,214 1,618 2,076 1,045 44 832 $6,426 Jl,252 6,636 1,403 5,837 969 4,309 940 2,463 566 697 244 3,755 749 1,497 282 39 7 1,135 214 S2, 656 3,331 2,308 2,172 1,124 524 456 13 593 «5,497 6,677 4,795 4,^64 2,475 1,011 3,194 1,078 35 1,190 WINDOW AND DOOE SCREENS AND WEATHEE STRIPS. United States. 1914 States, 1014. California Colorado Illinois Indiana Louisiana Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Texas Washington All other states - 220 3,194 16 86 4 11 24 136 10 23 3 6 23 113 13 99 4 20 13 . 466 19 210 15 144 11 50 7 59 1,823 8,188 465 37 266 100 13 227 271 23 463 612 884 118 51 4,758 9,355 1,894 166 73 23 11 288 95 64 14 2 3 136 67 194 69 36 16 1,201 298 269 164 602 81 47 31 28 5 6,409 977 4,261 105 12 217 12 7 113 91 26 454 209 250 69 7 2,699 9,167 248 28 561 39 10 272 231 50 954 661 460 133 21 5,609 WINDOW SHADES AND TIXTUEES. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 States, 1914. California Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Vermont All other states 2 286 4,077 219 3,930 144 2,624 96 1,801 182 2,025 131 1,279 27 72 47 918 5 56 3 47 14 97 8 702 6 16 19 441 100 1,006 22 243 3 129 26 350 6,607 5,737 2,705 1,927 1,236 59 2,102 38 12 46 1,149 1,767 68 321 648 11,526 2,181 10,334 1,918 6,977 1,086 6,184 762 4,167 1,016 1,386 479 311 55 2,916 644 75 23 265 24 261 54 1,321 295 70 12 1,051 249 3,247 629 615 161 300 54 1,094 181 11,889 12,653 6,947 5,575 6,342 1,636 393 3,632 46 402 389 983 62 626 3,579 588 161 1,048 17,444 18,571 8,931 8,072 9,240 2,827 594 4,951 101 525 589 1,756 87 1,006 5,009 988 263 1,570 1 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Iowa, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1; Nebraska, 2; Ohio, 2; Wisconsin, 5. 2 Includes: Alabama, 2 establishments; Arkansas, 3; Connecticut, 3; District of Columbia, 1; Florida, 2; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 2; Kansas, 1; Kentucky 4; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 13: Minnesota, 6; Nebraska, 4; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Teimessee, 4; Utah, 1; Vermont, 1; Vir- ginia, 2; Wisconsin, 2. '^ Includes: Connecticut, 2 establishments; District of Columbia, 1; Florida, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Missouri, 4; Nebra.ska, 1; North Carolina, 1; Ohio, 7; Tennessee, 1; Virginia, 2; Washington, 1 ; West VirrTinia !• ^Vi«pnnum o VlO CENSUS OF MANUFACTTTEES : 1&14. Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOE 1914— Continued. YEAE AND STATE. Num- Wage ber Of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. United States 1911 1909 19()4 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 18491 States, 19U. Massachusetts New York All other states ^ 64 17,600 56 18,084 25 4,737 29 1,603 24 7,596 40 6,169 34 1,744 2G 790 83 676 8 2,8S9 6 1,384 40 13,317 83,940 71,959 26,856 9,979 30, 175 2,837 15,142 4,474 64,324 364,014 811,021 60, 157 10,316 14,899 2,859 4,242 860 11,608 3,867 4,230 1,983 2,533 1,083 629 280 538 208 8,245 2,005 5,059 788 50,710 8,228 $56,424 60,543 30,062 7,014 15,039 7,034 2,965 1,134 535 4,666 3,687 48,081 881,841 84,487 37,914 9.421 22,013 10,837 5,058 2,020 1,033 6,779 07,673 WlBEWOItlC, INCLUDING WIRE ROPE AND CABLE, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 States, 19U. California Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey 3Sew York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Virginia Wisconsin All other states " 552 12,126 611 12,348 649 13,379 696 9,142 669 6,954 3116 4,459 14T 2,526 66 539 20 200 20 646 3 11 61 886 30 964 9 160 5 62 5 20 13 78 30 1,950 33 1,314 7 33 21 741 7 40 29 1,046 100 1,480 43 810 4 6 69 1,179 11 88 6 41 4 6 IK 327 25 120 21,647 20,131 18,280 12, 772 1,247 644 24 1,677 1,882 363 155 25 102 2,648 2,269 23 1,609 60 1,633 1,710 1,281 22 2,847 100 28 7 742 449 38,509 6,719 34,970 6,331 26,894 6,100 16,345 3,894 11,768 3,086 3,682 1,708 1,668 720 363 146 2,231 146 1,510 360 4 6 4,028 556 2,387 543 472 81 258 40 31 11 63 41 5,420 1,079 5,-069 788 50 17 3,373 374 85 21 2,476 605 3,153 698 1,706 466 17 5 3,979 539 271 55 76 32 19 2 983 198 858 78 24,114 24,394 17,866 10, 813 8,325 5,410 1,548 284 663 5 3,421 2,245 201 176 13 42 2,331 3,918 32 1,332 52 1,511 1,668 2,167 10 2,056 64 74 3 811 413 41,789 41,938 33, 038 19,840 16,663 9,128 2,959 1,361 1,330 14 4,682 3,732 397 246 42 122 4,878 5,891 77 3,484 95 2,654 3,394 3,436 30 3,409 235 147 10 1,299 826 1 Includes wire workers. 2 Includes: Connecticut, 6 establishments; Illinois, 9: Indiana, 2; New Jersey, 9; Ohio 5- Pennsylvania 7; Rhode Island, 1; Wisconsin, 1. ' ' 2 Includes: Arxansas. 1 establishment; Colorado, 2; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 1- Louisiana 1 • Maine, 2; Now Hampshire, 2; Oklahoma, 2; Tennessee, 3; Utah, 2; Vermont, 2; Washington 5- West Virginia, 1. ' ' GENERAL TABLES. 711 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value ot products. Expressed in thousands. WOOD CARPET. United States. 1914 6 10 20 31 6 5 6 166 184 373 608 309 119 166 131 289 473 S34 270 131 S147 423 330 412 333 42 147 $166 138 269 362 137 24 166 $308 228 351 418 211 24 308 $557 490 801 1,057 512 102 557 $249 1909 263 1904 450 1899 639 1889 301 1879 78 States, 1914. New Yorlc 249 WOOD DISTILLATION, NOT INCLUDINQ TURPENTINE AND ROSIN. United States. 1914 95 120 141 102 10 19 46 20 2,782 2,721 2,272 1,556 645 438 1,185 514 10,045 9,854 4,620 17,563 13,017 10,507 6,729 3,164 4,283 7,819 2,297 1,565 1,463 1,067 700 415 225 682 243 6,496 5,876 4,848 3,455 1,708 1,934 2,218 636 9,883 9,737 7,813 6,001 2,678 2,790 3,417 998 3,387 3,861 1909 1904 2,965 2,546 970 1899 States, 19U. Michigan 2,644 1,067 2,514 3,820 856 1,199 362 All other states i WOOD PRESERVING. VnUed States, 1914 68 53 26 21 4 2 5 6 5 4 5 5 3 6 29 2,830 2,403 737 478 80 36 404 202 203 241 82 163 181 350 1,004 11,801 10,647 3,439 1,007 118 20,155 12,408 2,935 1,230 263 120 2,161 825 1,445 1,590 530 784 1,697 3,732 7,391 1,785 1,060 315 205 29 15 290 120 108 153 61 119 117 227 590 16,060 9,328 2,463 1,825 61 63 1,544 608 1,200 1,061 601 585 2,377 2,641 5,543 21,065 14,099 3,368 2,396 143 101 2,317 1,010 1,680 1,479 745 937 2,557 3,096 7,334 4,995 1909 4,771 1904 905 571 1889 92 38 States, 19U. 925 560 885 1,497 305 446 780 2,950 3,453 773 402 380 418 NflwYork 244 Ohio 352 180 455 1,791 ' Includes: Alabama, 3 establishments; Florida, 2; Georgia, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 2; Mississippi, 2- North Carolina, 2; Oregon, 1; Tennessee, 1; Vermont, 1; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 3. '2 Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Arkansas, 1; Florida, 3; Georgia, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 3; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 3; Virginia, 3; Washhig- ton, 5; West Virginia, 1; Wyoming, 1. 712 CENSUS OF MANUFACTTJRES : 1914. Table 223.— SUMMAKY FOE INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. TEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials, Value of products. Expressed in thousands. "WOOD, TUP-NED AND CAEVED. United States. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 1849 States, 1914- Alabama Arkansas ■ California , Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island , South Carolina , Tennessee Vermont Virginia. Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states^.- . 8:^8 11,615 1,050 14, 139 1,097 14,687 1,166 11,558 872 7,402 916 7,240 4,103 733 337 2,046 1,828 479 3 66 18 354 19 32 27 151 5 89 31 475 30 630 12 465 59 1,659 6 25 62 1,339 45 576 3 46 23 184 24 666 25 94 139 706 23 147 61 985 4 21 75 1,085 10 'l75 3 21 . 24 665 33 361 lO 223 5 9 7 198 19 121 14 157 43,334 48, 447 47,595 31,133 15,711 8,153 285 1,424 101 980 690 1,015 2,090 1,329 5,714 30 3,175 2,901 142 735 2,739 425 2,548 605 4,250 60 3,016 410 138 1,790 2,595 1,223 125 1,395 594 810 S17, 836 $5,645 18,334 6,213 16, 842 6,031 10,280 4,371 7,826 3,334 4,483 2,586 2,752 1,500 i,173 739 712 576 52 22 418 168 41 27 304 76 155 45 764 295 1,081 331 712 199 3,169 805 33 14 1,756 588 1,013 318 75 21 262 91 884 308 173 61 1,068 392 152 36 1,843 520 36 11 1,434 621 248 93 59 6 551 237 471 161 231 74 44 5 402 75 196 63 209 82 S9, 166 9,744 8,578 5,830 3,947 3,638 1,648 947 435 31 263 16 113 52 609 742 519 967 34 747 339 15 161 505 94 476 64 1,286 14 674 88 13 536 166 138 S 317 100 $19,047 22,199 20,169 14,318 10,940 8,427 4,959 2,468 1,525 74 507 85 246 130 1,182 1,295 869 2,208 70 1,762 950 47 281 971 212 1,305 145 2,284 37 1,585 219 31 909 414 340 18 450 216 205 WOODEN GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. United States. "1914.. 1909.. 1904.. 1899.. 1889.. 1879.. 1869. . 18,59.. 1849.. 274 6,418 319 6,780 202 6,594 104 3,206 167 2,881 287 269 5,033 3,169 ! 229 1,9,33 1,360 197 20,711 22,472 17,878 7,702 7,325 5,659 10, 440 2,767 10,802 2,745 7,224 2,357 3,825 1,073 2,712 1,060 3,607 1,540 2,815 1,210 1,104 619 530 372 4,952 4,766 3,878 1,468 1,499 2,636 1,624 836 437 10,162 10,627 8,531 3,586 3,698 5,235 4,142 2,109 1,138 1 Includes: Florida, 2 establishments; Iowa, 2; Kansas, 1; Louisiana, 2; Miimcsota, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Texas, 5. GENEBAL TABLES. 713 Table 223.— SUMMARY FOR INDUSTRIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. WOODEN GOODS, NOT ELSE"vniERE -SPECIFIED— Continued. States, WH. Cali.romia Comiecticut Illinois Indiana Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Vermont AVisconsin All other states^.. . 11 36 7 21 10 116 10 496 14 299 18 430 32 1,747 4 21 3 4 11 281 13 38 47 325 6 28 16 141 5 17 26 302 8 61 8 174 25 1,882 139 106 272 928 1,328 1,568 6,968 46 33 1,705 63 1,067 88 415 74 1,197 319 617 3,798 $61 125 37 10 307 54 712 230 1,063 161 569 218 2,660 781 40 12 4 2 400 143 36 26 653 156 30 8 194 68 14 12 419 133 98 26 216 82 2,927 630 S50 15 120 449 244 425 1,618 33 4 186 14 120 11 192 44 93 90O $96 44 261 860 531 788 3,120 61 10 399 94 761 30 264 27 484 -113 228 2,001 ■WOOL PULUNO. Vrdtcd States. 1514 1909 1904 18CU Slates, 19U. Illinois New York Pennsylvania All other states 2 34 708 37 631 34 681 34 475 8 38 3 22 8 242 16 406 2,248 1,366 1,324 820 35 80 660 3,634 452 3,248 387 2,634 365 945 248 63 29 70 15 1,034 162 2,367 266 6,632 4,103 104 64 449 100 2,976 3,948 i,273 i,181 631 498 200 2,672 4,903 WOOL SCODEING. United States 1914 1909 1904 1899 States, ton. Massachusetts Pennsylvania All other states 3 24 1,059 28 1,142 27 779 26 720 10 677 3 82 11 400 7,579 6,782 3,478 2,900 4,479 990 2,110 3,493 617 3,268 568 1,188 398 1,061 339 1,516 334 338 43 1,640 240 3,176 2,122 215 194 727 31 2,418 4,665 3,289 1,033 1,407 127 3,031 'Includes: Alabama, 1 establishment; Delaware, 1; Florida, 2; Idaho, 1; Iowa, 1; Louisiana,!; Mary- land, 2: Nebraska, 1; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 3; Utah, 2; Virginia, 1; Washing- ton, 6; West Virkinia, 1. 2 Includes: California, 1 establishment; Kentucky, 1; Maine, S; Massachusetts, 1; Minnesota, 1- Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 1; Ohio, 2; Oregon, 1; Utah, 1; Washington, 2. 3 Includes: California, 2 establishments; Illinois, 3; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 1; New Mexico, 2; New York, 1; Oregon, 1. 714 CENSUS OF MANUFACTUEES : 1914. TABLE 223.— SUMMABY rOR INDUSTEIES: COMPARATIVE FOR THE UNITED STATKS, BY STATES FOR 1914— Continued. YEAR AND STATE. Num- Wage ber of earners estab- (average lish- num- ments. ber). Primary- horse- power. Capital. Cost of mate- rials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. WOOL SHODDY. United States. 1914 States, 1914. Massachusetts New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states^ 64 2,145 17 446 11 283 5 623 12 193 19 700 12,440 3,106 1,S91 1,410 1,307 4,726 $6,421 81,056 1,370 240 943 145 1,285 255 850 98 1,973 318 $5,300 1,267 768 820 769 1,876 $7, 707 1,903 1,110 1,353 959 2,382 WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. United states. 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1859 Stutes, 1914. Connecticut Georgia , Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire . New Jersey , New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon , Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Vermont Virginia Washington West Virfrinia Wisconsin All other states ^ 799 158,692 911 163, 192 1,018 141,998 1,221 125,901 1,464 119,893 2,066 105,307 2,993 92,973 1,263 43, 738 49 7,133 3 524 4 323 10 719 6 93 11 675 57 7,998 3 349 166 53,377 9 477 16 448 40 9,532 26 14,280 32 6,892 5 391 12 2, 969 7 648 186 23,862 80 22, 746 17 1,069 17 2,226 12 431 4 126 8 276 22 795 S 354 381,220 348,283 277, 366 234,660 179,612 122,944 93, 117 17,642 1,680 940 1,519 812 1,773 23,839 1,420 139, 622 1,311 1,266 30,392 24, 499 16,910 685 6,123 1,670 42,869 50, 206 2,302 8,841 911 360 672 2,103 863 389,663 75,953 415,378 69,727 302,767 66,097 266,554 44,850 199,076 41, 084 116, 470 31, 619 108,910 31,246 34,093 10, 164 17,041 3,638 1,276 181 831 156 1,527 318 350 43 1,534 210 20,017 4,072 570 142 138,999 26,928 1,304 230 1,634 229 12,803 4,211 39, 295 6,297 19, 406 3,285 901 106 6,716 1,136 1,868 373 63,446 10,704 57, 140 11,368 1,986 289 6,268 1,167 901 168 361 70 691 118 1,809 374 992 141 246,497 273, 439 197,489 148,087 132,977 122,869 110, 741 39,029 10, 403 356 436 991 236 611 10, 823 462 81,153 793 850 10,087 22, 692 9,768 394 3,462 943 43, 742 41, 735 923 2,989 420 167 417 1,259 379,484 419,744 307,942 238, 745 212,773 194, 167 177, 496 65,596 16, 578 698 717 1,622 319 934 17,631 693 127,361 1,216 1,298 15,039 35, 739 15,868 667 7,233 1,702 63, 113 60,889 1,547 4,635 790 272 679 1,956 609 1 Includes: Connecticut, 6 establishments; Illinois, 1; Maine, 2; New Jersey, 3; Rhode Island, 3: Ten- nessee, 1; Vermont, 2; Wisconsin, 1. '^ Includes: Delaware, 2 establishments; Missouri, 2; South Carolina, 2; Utah, 2. INDEX. Page. Abrasive wheels. See Emery, etc., wheels. Adding and calculating machines {see also Cash registers, etc.) 120 Advertising novelties. See Signs, etc. Aeroplanes and parts 235, 337, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 516, 368 Agricultural implements 26, 235, 237, 265, 268, 378, 394, 439, 410, 444, 448, 466, 483, 495, 511, 516, 568 Air compressing machinery 120 Air heaters, electric 125 Alabama 272,276,328,465,480,490,507,500,562 Alaskan fisheries, quantities and values of products 41 Aluminum ware 211, 216. 378. 394. 410. 466. 483. 516. 568 Alums 174 Ammunition (sec oteo Firearms, etc.) 235, 239. 378. 394. 410. 466. 483. 516. 569 Animal products 30 Animals slaughtered for food 38 Apiarists' supplies. See Dairymen's, etc., supplies. Arc lamps. See Lamps. Arizona 272,2re,328,466,480, 490,508,561, 562 Arkansas 272,276,328,465,480,490,507,561,562 Art goods. See Statuary, etc. Artificial flowers 235, 239, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 516, 569 Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes 239, 266,268,448 Artificial limbs (see also Surgical appliances, etc.) 236, 240, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 516, 669 Artificial stone products 201, 202,378.394, 410, 437, 439, 444, 448, 466, 483, 495, 516, 570 Artists' materials 235, 240. 378. 394. 410. 448. 466. 483. 616. 570 Asbestos products, not including steam pack- ing 235, 240, 378, 394, 410, 466. 483, 616, 571 Athletic goods. See Sporting, etc., goods. Augers, bits, chisels, and planes 97 Automobile bodies and parts 27, 224. 227. 378.394. 410. 466. 483. 616. 571 Automobile repairing 224, 228, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 516, 571 Automobiles 26, 224. 229. 378. 394. 410. 466. 483. 516. 572 including bodies and parts 265, 268,437,439,444,448,495,511 Awnings, tents, and sails 67 91, 378, 394, 410, 448, 466, 483, 516, 573 Axes and hatchets 97 Babbitt metal and solder 211, 212. 378. 394. 410. 448. 466. 483. 516. 573 Bags, other than paper 67, 91,378,304,410,448,466,483,516,574 . paper, not including bags made in paper mills: . . . 152, 157, 378, 394, 410, 448, 466, 483, 516, 574 Bakers' machmery 120 Bakery products. See Bread, etc. Baking powders and yeast 168, 169. 378. 394. 410. 448. 466. 483. 616. 574 Balances. See Scales, etc. Banners. See Flags, etc. Barley meal 47 Barrels. See Hogsheads, etc. Baskets, and rattan and willow ware 133, 140, 378, 394, 410, 448, 466, 483, 616, 676 Beadwork 236 Beds, feather. See Pillows, etc., leather. spring. See Mattresses, etc. Beet, canned 39 Bells 211,216,378,394,410,466,483,516,575 Belting, leather 91, 143, 146, 378, 394, 410, 448, 466, 483, 616, 576 Belting and hose, rubber 235, 267, 258, 378, 394, 410, 486, 483, 516, 575 woven 67, 92, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 616, 678 woven and rubber 448, 601 Beverages. See Liquors, etc. Bicycles. See Motorcycles, etc. Billiard tables and materials 133, 140, 378, 394, 410, 448, 466, 483, 616, 676 Bits. See Augers, etc. Blacking, stains, and dressings 168, 169. 378. 394. 410. 466. 483. 616. 577 Blacking and cleanshig and polishing prepara- tions (see also Cleansing and polishing prep- arations) 448 Blank-book making. See Bookbmdlng, etc. Blast furnaces 26, 96, 98, 101, 267, 270, 381, 398, 414. 441. 446. 455. 470. 485. 498. 512. 522. 640 Bleaching materials 175 Bluing 168, 169, 378, 394, 410, 448, 466, 483, 516, 577 Boat building. See Shipbuilding, etc. Boiler shops 98 Boilers, cast-iron heating. See Radiators, etc. Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills 96, 111, 381, 398. 414. 441. 446. 455. 470. 486. 498. 522. 641 Bone, carbon, and lamp black 168-170, 378, 394, 410, 449, 466, 483, 516, 677 Bone work. See Ivory, etc., work. Bookbinding and blank-book making 152 163. 378. 394. 410. 466. 483. 516. 578 Bookbinding machinery. See Printing, etc., machinery. Books and pamphlets, character of 162 Boot and shoe cut stock, exclusive of that produced in boot and shoe factories 143, 147. 378. 394. 410. 466. 483. 516. 578 Boot and shoe findings, exclusive of those produced m boot and shoe factories 143, 147, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 516, .579 Boots and shoes 87, 148. 378. 394. 410. 466. 483. 510. 579 including cut stock and findings 146, 265, 269, 437, 439, 444, 449, 496, 511 not including rubber boots and shoes. . 26, 143,147 rubber 235,257,258,265,378,394, 410, 439, 444, 449, 466, 483, 49S, 516, 580 Bottlers' machinery 120 Boxes, cigar 133 137, 378, 394, 410, 449, 466, 483, 616, 580 fancy and paper 152, 157, 378, 394, 410, 439, 444, 449, 466, 483, 516, 580 wooden packing 133, 137, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 616, 581 Bran and middlings 47 Brands. See Stencils, etc. Brass, bronze, and copper products 27, 211, 213, 265, 269, 378, 394, 410, 439, 444, 449, 466, 483, 495, 511, 516, 582 Bread and other bakery products 26, 31, 48, 378, 394, 410, 437, 439, 444, 449, 466, 483, 495, 511, 516, 583 Breadstufl preparations such as cereals and table foods 31 Breakfast foods, rolled oats, etc 47 Brewei-s' machinery 120 Brick, pottery, and other clay-working ma- chinery 120 Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products. . . 206, 437,439,444,449,495,511 Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire-clay prod- ucts 27, 202, 207, 378, 394, 410, 460, 483 , 516, 584 Bronze products. See Brass, etc., products. Brooders. See Incubators, etc. Brooms. ... 235, 241, 378, 394, 410, 449, 466, 483, 510, 584 Brushes ... 235, 241, 378, 394, 410, 449, 466, 483, 616, 585 Buckwheat flour 47 715 716 INDEX. Page. Builders' hardware. See Hinges, etc. Burial cases. See Coffins, etc. Butter 20, 30, 32, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 516, 586 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 32, 265, 439, 444, 449, 495, 511 Butter, reworking 30, 34, 37.S, 394, 410, 449, 466, 483, 516, 586 Butter and cheese made on farms 34 Buttons ■- 235,241, 378, 394, 410, 439, 444, 449, 406, 483, 516, 587 Calculating machines. See Adding, etc., ma- chines and Cash registers, etc. California 272,275,328,465,480,490,509,561,562 Cameras 236 Candles. ... 168, 170, 378, 394, 410, 449, 466, 483, 516, 587 Canes. See Umbrellas, etc. Canned goods 36, 39 Cannery machinery 120 Canning and preserving 39, 265, 437, 440, 444, 449, 495, 511 fish 30, 40, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 616, 587 . fruits and vegetables 27. 30, 41, 378, 394, 410, 466, 483, 616, 588 oysters 30,40,378,394,410,466,483,516,688 Cap materials. See Hat, etc., materials. Capital 10,16,516,558,562 Caps. See Hats, etc. Carbon black. See Bone, etc., black. Card cutting and designing 152, 157,378, 394, 410, 449, 466, 483, 516, 589 Cardboard, not made in paper mills 152, 158. 379. 394. 410. 466. 483. 516. 589 Carpenters' tools 97 Carpets, rag 57, 79, 81, 379, 394, 410, 449, 466, 483, 516, 590 Carpets and rugs, other than rag.. 56,79,265,269, 379, 394, 410, 440, 444, 449, 466, 483, 516, 689 Carriage and wagon materials 224, 229. 379. 394. 410. 466. 483. 516. 590 Carriages, wagons, and repairs 224, 228. 379. 394. 410. 466. 483. 516. 591 Carriages and sleds, children's 224, 230, 379, 394, 410, 450, 466, 483, 516, 591 Can-iages and wagons and materials 27, 228,440,444,450,496,511 Cars, electric-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 224, 232, 379, 396, 410, 460, 468, 484, 518, 594 ■ steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 26,224,231,379,396,410, 440, 444, 460, 468, 484, 496, 512, 618, 694 Cars and general shop construction and repau-s, electric-railroad companies 234, 379, 394, 410, 440. 444. 450. 466. 483. 496. 518. 592 — — steam-railroad companies 26, 233, 379, 394, 410, 436, 440, 444, 450, 468, 483, 496, 512, 518, 593 Cartridges 235 Cash registers and calciilating machines {see also Adding, etc., machines) 96, 113, 410,450, 468, 484, 501, 518, 695 Cash registers and parts 96, 120 Catsups. Sec Pickles, etc. Ceilings, metal. See Shingles, etc., metal. Celluloid novelties 236 Cement 27,202,204,379, 396. 410. 440. 444. 430. 468. 484. 496. 512. 518. 595 Cereal products 47 Cereals. See Breadstuff preparations, etc. Charcoal, not including production in the lum- ber and wood distillation industiles 133, 142, 379,.396, 412, 450, 468, 484, 618, 696 Cheese (,sce also Butter, etc.) 30, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 596 Cheese made on farms. See Butter, etc., made on farms. Chemicals 27,168,170,176,379, 396. 412. 440. 444. 460. 468. 484. 496. 512. 618. 596 Chemicals and allied products 29, 168 Chewing gum 31 China decorating, not including that done in D0tt&ri6S 202 '26s, 379, 39"6,"4'l2V4"56,'4'68V48'4V51S, 596 Chisels. See Augers, etc. Chocolate and cocoa products, not including confectionery 30, 44, 379, 396, 412, 460, 468, 484, 518, 597 Cider. See Vinegar, etc. Cigars and cigarettes. See Tobacco, etc. -^ Page. Cities; Capital 295 Establishments 282, 287, 295, 346, 370 Fuel used 291 Horsepower 295, 347 Hours of labor , . 370 Population 282 Value of products 282, 287, 295, 346 Wage earners. 282, 286, 287, 290, 328, 340, 370 Wages 295 Clasps. See Snap fasteners, etc. Clay products. See Brick, etc., arul Stone, etc., products. Clay-working machinery. See Brick, etc., machinery. Cleansing and polishing preparations {see also Blacking, etc., preparations) 168, 178, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 697 Clerks, salaries of 516, 562 Clerks and other subordinate salaried employ- ees (see also Superintendents, etc.), number of 427,428,439 Clippers. See Scissors etc. Clock materials. See Watch, etc., materials. Clocks 212, 216, 265, 269, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 597 Clocks and time mechanisms, electric 245 Clocks and watches, including cases and mate- rials 440,444,460,496 Cloth, sponging and refinishing 56, 87, 379, 396, 412, 450, 468, 484, 318, 598 Clothes wringers, ^ee washing machines, etc. Clothing 87 horse 67, 92. 379. 396. 412. 450. 468. 484. 518. 598 men's. ... 26. 66, 88, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 398 men's, buttonholes 56, 88. 379. 396. 412. 450. 468. 484. 518. 599 men's, including shirts 18, 266, 269, 436, 440, 444, 450, 496, 512 women's 26, 67, 88, 90, 266, 269, 379, 396, 412, 437, 440. 444, 451, 468, 484, 496, 612, 618, 600 Coal, anthracite and hituminous. . . 510, 511, 545, 667 Coal-tar products 174 Cocoa products. See Chocolate, etc._, products. Coffee and spice, roasting and grindmg 27, 30, 44,379, 396, 412, 451, 468, 484, 501, 618, 600 Collins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. . . 133, 141, 379, 396, 412, 451, 468, 484, 618, 601 Coke 510,511,545,567 not including gas-house coke 168, 179, 266, 379, 396, 412, 440, 445, 451,468, 484, 512, 518, 602 Collars and cuffs, men's 56, 89, 266, 269, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 602 Colorado 272, 276, 328, 486, 480, 490, 508, 661, 662 Combs and hairpins, not made from metal or rubber 235, 247, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 602 Comforts and quilts 236 Concrete mixers 120 Condensed milk {see also Butter, etc.) 39, 518 Condensed milk and milk products, other than butter and cheese 30, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484. 603 Confectionery , . 26, 31, 440, 445, 451, 496, 512, 603 Confectionery and ice cream 31, 45, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 618, 604 Connecticut . . . 272, 275, 328, 463, 478, 490, 604, 559, 562 Contract work 12,16,517,563 Cooking and heating appai-atus 125 Cooking devices, electric 126 Cooperage 133, 137, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 605 Cooperage and wooden goods 440, 445, 451, 496 Copper, smelting and reflntag. See Smelting and refining, etc. Copper, tin, andsheet-iron products 440, 446,461,496,512 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work 212 217, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 606 Copper products. See I3rass, etc., products. Cordage and twine 56, 88, 379, 396, 412, 468. 484, 518, 606 Cordage and twine and j ute and linen goods . . 440 446,451,497 Cordialsand flavoring sirups 31, 45, 379, 396, 412, 451. 468, 484, 518, 607 Cork, cutting 133, 141, 379, 396, 412, 451 , 4(1H, 4X4, 518, 607 Com meal and corn flour 47 Corn oil 47, JiO Corn-oil cake and meal 50 IKDEX. 717 Page. f ovporations, establishments o^vned by 287t 374,375,378 ■ officers of 429 Corsets 57,90,266,209, 379, 396, 412, 440, 445, 451, 468, 484, 497, 518, 608 Cosmetics. See Perfumery, etc. Cotton batting '. 230 Cotton fiber consumed in textile mills 60 Cotton gins 120 Cotton goods 26, 56, 58, 59, 62, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 618, 608 ■ including cotton small wares 266, 269, 436, 440, 445, 451, 497, 512 Cotton manufactures 59,60 Cotton small wares (see also Cotton goods, etc.). 56, 62, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 609 Cranes 120 Crayons 235 Cream separators 120, 235 Crucibles . . 202, 208,379, 396, 412, 451, 468, 484, 518, 609 CulTs, men's. See Collars, etc., men's. Cutlery and edge tools 97, 127, 266, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 512, 518, 609 Cutlery and tools 440, 445, 461 , 497 Cyanides 174 Dairy machinery and apparatus 120 Dairymen's, poultrymen's, and apiarists' sup- pUes 235, 242, 379, 396, 412, 451, 468, 484, 618, 610 Delaware 272, 276, 329, 464, 478, 490, 506, 560, 562 Dental goods 235, 243, 379, 396, 412, 461, 468, 484, 618, 610 Diesinking. See Engraving, etc. District of Columbia 272, 276, 329, 464, 478, 490, 516, 560 , 562 Door screens. See Wmdow, etc., screens. Doors and shutters, iron and steel 96, 111, 381, 398, 414 456, 470, 480, 622, 642 Dredges. See Excavating machinery, etc. Dressings. See Blacking, etc. Drug grinding 168, 180, 379, 396, 412, 4.51, 468, 484, 618, 010 Druggists' preparations (see also Patent medicines and compounds, etc.) 168, 180, 380, 396, 412, 468, 484, 618, 611 Dusters. See Mops, etc. Dyeing and fiiiishmg textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills 27, 66, 87, 200, 269, 380, 386, 412, 440, 445, 452, 468, 484, 512, 518, 611 Dyestuffs and extracts.. 168, 181, 380, 396, 412, 462, 468, 484, 601, 618, 012 Dynamos 243 Earths, ground. See Minerals, etc., ground. Edge tools. See Cutlery, etc. Elastic woven goods. See Suspenders, etc. Electric fixtures. See Gas, etc., fixtures. Electric locomotives, mine and railway 245 Electric-lighting fixtures 244 Electrio-railroad cars. See Cars, etc. Electric-railroad repair shops 233, 234 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 26, __ 125,230,243,380,396,412,437,441, k.^ 445,463,468,484,497,512,518,612 Electricity, chemical substances produced by K aid of 175 Electroplating 212, 222, 380, 396, 412, 452, 468, 484, 620, 613 Electrotyplng. See Stereotyptag, etc. Elevators and elevator ma«hmery 120 Emery and other abrasive wheels 202, 205, 380, 396, 412, 462, 408, 484, 520, 613 Emery paper. See Sand, etc., paper, r.mployees: Methods of determmmg number of 426 Number of 16,428 Salaries and wages 16 Sex and age- distribution 433 See also Persons engaged and Salaried em- ployees. Enameled ware. See Stamped, etc., ware. Enameling .... 230, 245, 380, 396, 412, 468, 484, 520, 61* Enameling and japannmg 452 Engines, Internal combustion 120, ^ ' 491,495,503,644,566 steam 544,566 ■ steam, gas, and water 96, 113, 380, 396, 412, 408. 484. 620. 614 Page. Engravers' materials 236, 246, 380, 390, 412, 462, 468, 484, 520, 615 Engraving, steel and copper plate, includmg plate prmting 152, 163, 380, 396, 412, 408, 484, 620, 615 wood . 153, 164, 380, 390, 412, 452, 468, 484, 520, 616 Engi'aving and diesinking 153, 164, 380, 396, 412, 462, 468, 484, 520, 615 Envelopes 152, 158, 380, 396, 412, 468, 484, 520, 616 Establishments: Assignment to industries 21 Character of ownership 287, 378, 386 Hours oflabor 280,370 Number of 10,282,422,491 Size and power 280,346 Value of products 16, 346, 394, 406, 517, 558, 503 Wageearners 286,370,391,410,422 Excavating machinery (including dredges and steam shovels) 120 Expenses 516, 662 Explosives 168, 182^380, 396, 412, 452, 468, 484, 602, 620, 617 Extracts. See Dyestufls, etc. Factories, excluding hand and neighborhood industnes 17 Factories and hand and neighborhood indus- tries 17 Fancy articles 236, 246, 380, 396, 412, 441, 445, 462, 470, 486, 497, 620, 617 Feathers and plumes (see also Artificial flowers, etc.) 236, 240. 380. 396. 412. 470. 485. 520. 617 Feed and offal 47 Feed for poultry and animals 49 Felt goods (see also Woolen, etc., goods) 56, 76, 380, 396, 412, 470, 485, 520, 618 Fencing, woven wire 97 Fertilizers 27,36,37, 168,184,380, 398, 412, 437, 441, 445. 452. 470. 485. 497. 512. 520. 618 Files 97, 128, 380, 398, 412, 452, 470, 485, 520, 619 Financial statistics 616 Fire extinguishers, chemical 236, 247, 380, 398 , 412, 462, 470, 485, 520, 619 Furearms 96, 115, 380, 398, 412, 470, 485, 520, 619 Firearms and ammunition (see also Ammuni- tion) 18,200,441,445,462,497 Fire-clay products. See Brick and tile, etc. Fireless cookers 97, 125 Fireworks . 236, 247, 380, 398, 412, 462, 470, 485, 620, 620 Firm members. See Propnetors, etc. Fish, canning and preserving. See Canning and preserving, etc. Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems 452 Flags and banners , 67, 92, 380, 398,412,470, 485,520, 620 Flatirons, electric 125 Flavoring extracts 31, 46, 380. 398, 412, 453, 470, 485, 520, 620 Flavoring sirups. See Cordials, etc. Flax and hemp, dressed 56, 80, 380, 398, 412, 453, 470, 485, 620, 621 Floor coverings 79 Florida 272,276,329,465,478,490,507,560,562 Flour-mill and gristmill products. 26, 31, 46, 380, 398, 414. 441. 445. 453. 470. 485. 497. 512. 520. 621 Food and kindred products 29, 30 food preparations 26, 31, 48, 380, 398, 414. 441. 445. 463. 470. 486. 497. 512. 620. 622 Foods for human consumption 49 Forgings, iron and steel, not made in steel works or rolMng mills 96, 112, 381, 398, 414, 441, 446, 465, 470, 486, 498, 512, 622, 642 Foundries 96 Foundry and machine-shop products... 26,96,115, 119,380,398,414,436,441,445, 453, 470, 485, 497, 512, 520, 623 Foundry supplies 236, 247, 380, 398, 414, 463, 470, 485, 520, 624 Fruits, canned and dried ■. . ' 30, 39, 42, 43 Fruits and vegetables, canning and preserving. See Canning and preserving, etc. Fuel, consumption of. . . 12, 285, 290, 610, 511, 545, 667 manufactured 236, 248, 380, 398, 414, 463, 470, 485, .520, 624 Fur goods 87, 236, 248, 266, 269, 380, 398, 414, 463, 470, 485, 620, 624 718 IKDBX. nrnnmces, hot-air. See Stoves, etc. Furnishing goods, men's •■ S6, 89,266,269,380,398,414,441, 445, 453, 470, 485, 498, 520, 626 Furnitnre 26, 133. 139. 380. 398. 414. 470. 485. 520. 625 Furniture and refrigerators 437, 441,445,453,498,512 Furs, dressed 236, 248. 380. 398. 414. 453. 470. 486. 520. 626 Galvanizing 212, 222. 380. 398. 414. 463. 470. 485. 520. 627 Games. See Toys, etc Garters. See Suspenders, etc. Gas (excluding blast-turnace gas) . • 510, 511, 545, 567 illuminating and heating 36, 168, 186, 3S0, 398, 414, 441, 445, 453, 470, 485, 498,512,520,628 Gas and electric fixtures 212, 218, 380, 398, 414, 470 485, 620, 627 Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflec- tors 441, 445, 453, 498 Gas machines and gas and water meters 96, 121, 380, 398, 414, 470, 485, 620, 629 Gases, compressed or liquened 176 Gelatine. See Glue, etc. Geographic divisions; Capital 658,562 Electric motors 567 Establishments 658 Expenses 662 Fuel used ;:o f §1 Horsepower 503,658, 666 Hours of labor 490 Persons engaged 564 Value of products 668,663 Wage earners 463, 478,558 558 Geor3a 272, 276, 329, 464, 478, 490, 607. 660,662 Class .^7,202, 209, 266, 380, 398, 414, 441, 445, 453, 470,485, 498,512,520,629 cutting, staining, and ornamenting 202, 210,380,398,414,453,470,486,620,629 Glass products. See Stone, etc., products. Glass-making machinery 120 Gloves and mittens, leather 87, 143, 149, 266, 269, 380, 398, 414, 441, 445, 453, 470, 485, 498, 520, 630 Glucose and starch 31, 49, 380. 398. 414. 454. 470. 486. 602. 620. 630 Glue 168, 188,380,398, 414, 454, 470, 485, 520, 631 Glue and gelatine 36,37 Gold and silver, leaf and foU 212, 220. 380. 398. 414. 464. 470. 485. 520. 631 reducing and refinmg, not from the ore. - 211, 213, 380, 398, 414, 464, 470, 485, 620, 631 Governmental manufacturing establishments . 18 Graphite, ground and refined 236, 248,380,398,414,454,470,485,520,632 Graphophones. See Phonographs, etc. Grease and tallow, not incmdjng lubricating greases .. 168, 189, 380 398, 414, 454, 470, 485, 620, 632 Greases, lubricating. See Lubricating greases. Grindstones. . . 202, 206, 268, 414, 454, 470, 485, 520, «33 Gristmill products. See Flour-mill, etc., prod- ucts. Grits. See Hominy, etc. Hair work 236, 249, 266, 269, 380, 398, 414, 454, 470, 485, 620, 633 Haircloth (sefia«oUphoisteringmaterials,etc.) 56, 87, 380, 398, 414, 454, 470, 488, 520, 633 Hairpins. See Combs, etc. Hammocks 57, 92, 380, 398, 414, 464-, 470, 485, 520, 634 Hand stamps 236, 249, 380, 398, 414, 470, 485, 620, 634 Hardware 96, 121, 380,398, 414, 470, 485, 520, 634 saddlery ... 96, 121, 380, 398, 414, 470, 485, 620, 635 Hardwoods 133 Harness. Sec Saddlery, etc. Hat and cap materials 77, 236, 249, 380, 398, 414, 454, 470, 485, 520, 635 Hatchets. See Axes, etc. Hats, fuj-felt 6fl, 77, 87, 286, 269, 381,398, 414, 441, 446, 454, 470, 486, 498, 620, 636 Page. Hats, straw 77, 236, 260, 381, 398, 414, 437, 454, 470, 485, 620, 636 wool. See Woolen, etc., goods. wool-felt 56, 77, 78, 87, 381 , 398, 414, 470, 485, 520, 63? Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool . . 57, 77,90, 381, 398, 414, 454, 470, 486, 620, 636 Heating apparatus. See Cooking, etc., appa- ratus awa Steam fittings^ etc. Heating apparatus, electnc 245 Hemp, dressed. Sfee Flax, etc. Hides and skins 37,146 Hinges and other builders' hardware 96 Hoes. See Shovels, etc. Hogsheads and barrels 133 Hominy and grits 47 Hones and whetstones ; 202, 206. 381. 398. 414. 454. 470. 485. 520. 637 Hooks and eyes. See Needles, etc Horsepower. 16, 491, 493, 485,503, 644, 568, 566 Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills 96, 112, 381, 398, 414, 454,470,485, 522,637 Hose. See Belting, etc. Hosiery and knit goods 26, 56, 64, 87, 381, 398, 414, 437, 441, 446, 455, 470, 485, 498, 512, 622, 637 ' not including hand-knit goods 266, 270 Hours oflabor 286,370,482,483,489 House-furnishing goods 236, 260. 381. 398. 414. 465. 470. 485. 622. 638 Ice, manufactured 236, 250, 381, 398, 414, 437, 441, 446, 455, 470, 486, 498, 512, 522, 639 Ice cream. See Confectionery, etc. Ice-making machinery. See Refrigerating ma- chinery, etc. Idaho 272, 276, 329, 465, 480, 490, 508, 561, 662 Illinois 272,275, 329, 464, 478, 490, 605, 559, 562 Incubators and brooders 235 Indiana 272,275, 330, 464, 478, 490, 505, 669, 562 Industries: Classification of . . . .' 21 Combination of 23 Local concentration of 265 Bank and increase of 25,26 Summary for 16, 29, 568 Ink, printing 168, 189, 267, 270, 381, 398, 414, 455, 470, 485, 622, 639 writing: 168, 189, 381, 398, 414, 465, 470, 485, 522, 640 Instrument cases. See Jewelry, etc., cases. Instruments, professional and scientific 236, 251, 381, 398,*414, 466, 470, 485, 522, 6« Iowa -272, 276, 330, 464, 478, 490, 506, 559, 662 Iron and steel and their products 29, 95 Ivory, shell, and bone work, not including -combs and hairpins 236, 246. 381. 400. 414. 472. 486. 622. 643 Jams. See Preserves, etc. Japannuig {see also Enameling, etc.)..- 236, 262. 381. 400. 414. 472. 480. 622. 644 Jellies. See Preserves, etc. Jewehy 212,220,267,270, 381, 400, 414, 442, 446, 465, 472, 486, 498, 522, 644 Jewehy and instrument cases 236, 252, 381, 400, 414, 456, 472, 486, 622, 645 Jute goods (see also Cordage, etc.) 66, 86, 381, 400, 416, 472, 486, 522, 646 Kansas 272,276, 331, 464, 478, 490, 506, 660, 562 Kentucky 272 276, 331, 465, 480, 490,507, 660, 662 Knit goods. See Hosiery, etc. Knives, pocket 97 Labels and tags 152, 157, 381,400,416,465, 472, 486,522, 645 Lace, cotton 66, 63, 379, 396, 412, 468, 484, 518, 608 Lace goods. See Millinery, etc. Lamp black. See Bone, etc., black. Lamps, arc . ; 244 — focusing. See Se&rchUghLs, etc. Lamps and reflectors (see also Gas and electric fixtures, etc.) 212, 218, 381, 400, 416, 472, 486, 622, 646 Lapidary work 236, 252, 381, 400, 416, 4.55, 472, 486, 522, 640 Lard, made in slaughtering and meat-paclong establishments 36, 37 INDEX. 719 Page. Lard, not made in slaughterini; and meat-pack- ing estabUshments 30, 38, 410, 472, 486, 522, 646 Lard compounds and substitutes 31, 36, 37 Lasts 133, 138, 381, 400, 416, 456, 472, 486, 523, 647 Laundries, power 19 Laundry machines 120 Lawn mowers 120 Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet 211, 214, 381, 400, 416, 456, 472, 486, 522, 647 smelting and refining. See Smelting and refining, etc. Leather, tanned, curried, and flnlghed 26, 143, 267, 270, 381, 400, 416, 442, 446 456, 472, 486, 499, 512, 522, 648 Leather and its finished products 29, 143 Leather goods 143, 150,381, 400, 416, 442, 446, 456,472,486,499,522, 647 Leather machinery 120 Lime 202,204,381,400, 416,442,446,456,472,486,499,513,522,648 Linen goods (see also Cordage, etc.) 56, 86,381,400,416,472,486,522,649 Linoleum. See Oilcloth, etc. Liquors, distilled .' 26, 166. 381, 400, 416, 456, 472, 486, 502, 513, 522, C49 malt 20, 166, 381,400, 416, 442, 440, 456, 472,486,499, 513,522,650 vinous 166, 167. 267. 381. 400. 416. 437. 472. 486. 522. 650 Liquors and beverages 29, 166 Lithographing 152, 163, 381, 400, 416, 472, 486, 522, 651 Locks 96 Locomotives, electric and steam 120 . not made by railroad companies. . . 96, 121 381, 400. 416. 442. 446. 456. 472. 486. 499. 622. 651 Looking-glass and picture frames 133, 140, 381, 400, 410, 456, 472, 486, 622, 661 Looms 59 Louisiana 272, 276, 331, 465, 480, 490, 508, 661 , 562 Lubricating greases 168, 189, 381, 400, 416, 456, 472, 480, 522, 652 Lmnber, planing-mill products, not including planing mills connected with sawmills 133, 135,381,400,416,473,486,522,653 Lumber and its remanufactures 29, 133 Lumber and timber products . . 26, 133, 136, 381, 400, 416, 436, 442, 446, 456, 472, 486, 499, 613, 522, 662 Lumber and timber products and pulp wood. . 134 Macaroni, vermicelli, and noodles 31 Machine shops 96 Machine-shop products. See Foundry, etc., products. Machinery 119 Maine 272,276,331,463,478,490,504,558,562 Malt. . . 166, 167, 381, 400, 416, 456, 472. 486, 502, 522, 654 Managers. See Superintendents, etc. Manufacture, value added by. . . 16, 235, 517, 663, 568 Marble and stone work 27, 201,203,381, 400, 416, 442, 446, 456, 472, 486, 499, 513, 522, 654 Maryland 272,276,331,464,478,490,606,560,662 Massachusetts 272, 275,331,463,478,490,504,558,562 Matches ... 133, 141, 381, 400, 416, 456, 472, 486, 622, 655 Materials, cost of. 12, 16, 517, 568, 563 Mats and matting, from cocoa fiber and grass ... 66, 79, 81, 381, 400, 416, 456, 472, 486, 622, 656 Mattresses and spring beds. ... 236 262 381 400, 416 442,446,456,472,486,499,524,666 Measuring instniments, electric 245 Meat, canned 39 Meat packing. See Slaughtering, etc. Meat products 31 Metalnovelties 236 Metal- working machinery 120 Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel -..- 29,211 Meters, gas and water (see also Gas machines, ' etc.)... 96,120 Michigan 272,275,332,464,478,490,506,659,562 Middlmgs. See Bran, etc. Milk products, other than butter and cheese. See Condensed milk, etc. Mill supplies 12 MiUinery and lace goods 27,67,90,267,270, I 382; 400, 416, 442, 446, 457, 472, 486, 499, 524, 667 Milling machinery (flour and gnst) 120 Page. Mineral and soda waters 382, 400, 416, 442, 446, 457, 472, 486, 499, 524,657 not includmg natural spring waters . . . 166, 107 Minerals and earths, ground 202, 208, 382, 400, 416, 457, 472, 486, 502, 524, 658 Mining machinery 120 Minnesota 272,276,333,464,478,490,605,569,562 Mirrors, framed and unframed. . ., 202, 210, 382, 400, 416, 467, 473, 486, 624, 669 Mississippi.... 272,270,333,466,480,490,507,560,562 Missouri 272 275,333,464,478,490,506,659,662 Mittens, leather. See Gloves, etc., leather. Models and patterns, not including paper pat- terns .... 236, 253, 382, 400, 416, 457, 472, 486, 524, 059 Molasses 53, 54 Montana 272, 276, 333, 465, 480, 490, 608, 501 , 562 Monuments and tombstones 201, 203 Mops and dusters 236 Motion-picture films, not exposed 230 Motion-picture machines 236 Motor veliicles 226 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts 324, 230, 382, 400, 416, 437, 457, 472, 486, 524, 660 Motors, electric 244, 545, 667 Mucilage and paste 236, 253, 382. 400, 416, 457, 472, 486, 524,660 Musical instruments and materials 236, 263, 265, 382, 400, 416, 457, 472, 486, 534, 660 Nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills 96, 112, 381, 400, 414, 455, 473, 486, 622, 643 Nebraska 273 376,334,464,478,490,500,560,562 Needles, pins, and nooks and eyes 212, 219, 367, 382, 400, 416, 457, 472, 486, 524, 662 Nets and seines 57, 93, 382, 400, 416, 467, 472, 486, 524, 662 Nevada 272,276,334,465,480,490,609,661,662 New Hampshire 273 276,334,463,478,490,504,558,662 New Jersey.... 272,275,334,463,478,490,504,669,662 New Mexico. -.-272,276,334, 466, 480, 490,508, 561, 562 \ New York 272, 276, 334,463, 478, 490, 504, 569, 562 Noodles. See Macaroni, etc. North Carolina. 272,276, 335,404,478,490,607, 560,502 North Dakota- .273, 276, 335, 464,478,490, 506, 659, 562 Nuts. See Bolts, etc. Oakum 57,94,416,457,472,486,524,662 Oatmeal 47 Oflal. See Feed, etc. Officials (see also Proprietors, etc.) 516,662 Ohio 272,275, 336, 464, 478,490,505,569,562 Oil 191,382 400,416,457,472,486,524,664 cottonseed, and cake . . 26, 168, 190, 267, 382, 400, 416, 437, 442, 446, 457, 472, 486, 499, 513, 624, 663 essential 168, 190, 382, 40O, 416, 457, 472, 486, 624, 663 including gasoline 510, 511, 546, 667 linseed 168, 191, 382 400, 416,457, 472, 486, 624, 663 Oilcloth, enameled . . 57, 82, 382, 416, 472. 486, 524, 664 Oilcloth and linoleum, floor 57, 79, 82, 382, 400, 416, 457, 472, 486, 502, 524, 664 Oil-mill machinery 120 OU-well machinery 120 Oklahoma..... 272,276, 336, 465,480, 490,508,561, 562 Oleo oil 36 Oleo stock. See Tallow, etc. Oleomargarine 30, 34, 36, 37, 382, 400, 416, 458, 473, 486, 524, 666 Olives. See Pickles, etc. Optical goods 236, 255, 383, 400, 416, 468, 472, 486, 624, 66o Ordnance and accessories. 18, 122 Oregon 272, 276,336, 465, 480, 490, 509, 561 , 562 Organ materials. See Piano, etc., materials. Organs (see also Pianos, etc.) 236, 263, 382, 400, 416, 472, 486, 524, 661 Oysters, canning and preserving. See Can- ning and preserving, etc. Paint and varnish 166, 193, 443;446, 468, 499, 513 Paints 27, 168, 382, 400, 416, 472, 486, 524, 665 Pamphlets. See Books, etc. Paper and printing 29 Paper and pulp mill machinery 120 Paper and wood pulp 26,152,163,267,382,400, 416, 442, 446, 458, 473, 487, 500, 513, 524, 666 720 INDEX. Page. Paper goods 152, 158, 382, 400, 416, 442, 446,458,474,487,500,524,667 -faper novelties 236 Paper patterns. See Patterns, etc. 1 'aper-working machinery 120 Paste. See Mucilage, etc. Patent medicines and compounds 27, 168, 180, 382, 400, 416, 474, 487, 524, 667 Patent medicines and compounds and drug- gists' preparations 442, 447, 458, 500 Patterns. Sec Models, etc. ■ paper. 152,157,382,400,416,458,474,487,524,667 Paving materials 236,255,382,402,416,442,447, 458,474,487,500,513,524,668 Peaniit butter 39 Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shell- ing . .... 31,44,267,270, 382,402,416,458,474,487,524,669 Pencils, lead, 236, 256, 382, 402, 416, 458, 474, 487, 524, 669 Penholders 237 Pennsylvania. .272,275,336, 463,478, 490,505,559,562 Pens, fountain and stylographic 122,236,256, 267, 270, 382, 402, 416, 458, 474, 487, 524, 669 gold. . 122,212,221,382,402,416,474,487,524,670 steel 96, 122, 416, 458, 474, 487, 524, 670 Perfumery and cosmetics 168, 180, 382. 402, 416, 474, 487, 524, 670 Persons engaged (s«« also Employees) 16, 426,516,562 Petroleum, refining 26, 168, 194, 382, 402, 418, 442, 447, 458, 474, 487, 500, 513, 524, 671 Phonographs and graphophones 236 , 254, 382, 402, 418, 458, 474, 487, 524, 671 Photo-engraving, not done in printing estab- lishments i 153, 164,382, 402, 418, 458, 474,487, 524, 671 Photographic apparatus 236, 256, 382, 402, 418, 458, 474, 487, 524, 672 Photographic materials 236, 256, 382, 402, 418, 458, 474, 487, 524, 672 Piano and organ materials 236, 254, 382, 400, 416, 472, 486, 624, 662 Pianos 236, 253, 382, 400, 416, 472, 486, 524, 661 Pianos and organs and materials (see also Or- gans) 253,442,446,457,499 Pickles, olives, catsups, and sauces 39 I' ickles, preserves, and sauces 30, 44, 382, 402, 418, 474, 487, 524, 673 Picture frames. See Lookiug-glass, etc., frames. Pillows and beds, feather 230 Pins. See Needles, etc. Pipe, cast-hon 96, 1 11, 381, 398, 414, 470, 485, 522, 642 Pipes, tobacco 236, 256, 268, 270, Zm, 402, 418,458,474,487,524,673 Planes. See Augers, etc. Planing mills and window and door screens... 136 Plastics 175 Plate printing. See Engraving, etc. Plated ware (see also Silverwai'o, etc.) 212, 221, 268, 382, 402, 418, 474, 487, 524, 674 Plumbers' supplies 96, 122, 382, 402, 418, 474, 487, 524, 674 Plumes. K b& Sand-lime brick -..,'. '*'^^526,eS3 208, 383, 402, 418, 474 "4S7 " iio aSi Sauces. Sec Pickles, etc. ''«, 487,526, 683 Sausage.. - canned — Jo, j/ not made in slaughtering and meat-paoi, ^^' ^ ing establishments I'ocic- 39,383,402,418,474;487;526^ INDEX. 721 Page. — ^acasings 31,38,37 bawmiU machinery 120 gaws 97, 128, 383, 402, 418, 469,474, 487, b28, 684 Scales and balances 96 123 383, 402, 418, 459, 474, 487, 526, 684 Scissors, shears, and clippers 97 Scoops. See Shovels, etc. Screens, window and door. See Planine mills etc. ' Screws, machine 95 123, 383, 402, 418, 469, 474,' 48?; 626, 685 - — wood . . 96, 124, 383, 402 418, 459, 474, 487, 626 685 Searchlights, projectors, and focusing lamps. . . 244 Semes. See Nets, etc. Sewing maoliines 12o Sewing machines, cases, and attachments .' 443, 447 459 500 Sewing machines and attachments ' '96 „ . 124,383,402,418,474,487,626,685 Sewmg-machine cases 124 „ „. 133,140,418,474,487,526,68^ Shears. See Scissors, etc. Sheet-iron products. See Copper, etc. Sheet-kon work. See Copper, etc. Shell work. See Ivory, etc., work. Shingles and ceilings, metal 236 Shipbuilding 18 including boat building 258 443,447,459,600,613 iron and steel 237 259, 383, 402 418, 474, 487, 626, 686 ' wooden, including boat bmlding 237, 259, 383, 402, 418, 474, 487, 526, 686 Shirts (see aim Clothing, men's, etc.) 56, 89, 383, 402, 418, 474, 487, 526, 687 Shoe machinery 120 Shoes. See Boots, etc. Shovels, spades, scoops, and hoes 97 Show cases 133 140. 383. 402. 418. 459. 474. 487. 626. 687 Shutters, iron and steel. See Doors, etc., iron and steel. Signs, electric 237 Signs and advertising novelties 237, 261. 383. 402. 418. 459. 474. 487. 526. 688 Silk consumed in textile mills 68 Silk goods 56, 58, 69, 69 including throwsters 26, 67, 268, 270,383, 402, 418, 437, 443, 447, 460, 474, 487, 513, 526, 688 Silver, leaf and foil. See Gold, etc. reducing and refining. See Gold, etc. Sil versmithing and silverware 212, 221, 383, 402, 418, 474, 487, 526, 689 Silverware. See Silrersmithing, etc. Silverware and plated ware 221, 443, 447, 460, 600 Sirup 54 Skins. See Hides, etc. Slaughtering and meat packing 26, 30, 34, 268, 270, 383, 402, 418, 437, 443, 447, 460, 474, 487, 513, 526, 689 Sleds. See Carriages, etc., and Sleighs, etc. Sleighs and sleds 229 Smelting and refining, copper 26,211, 214, 268, 383, 402, 418, 443, 447, 474, 487, 460, 500, 613, 526, 690 lead 26,211, 215, 383, 402, 418, 460, 474, 487, 502, 513, 526, 690 zinc 211, 215, 268. 383. 402. 418. 460. 474. 488. 602. 513. 526. 690 not from the ore 211, 215, 383, 402, 418, 460, 474, 488, 526, 691 Snap fasteners and clasps 220 Snufl. See Tobacco, chewing and smoking, Soap'. 27, 37, 168, 197, 383, 402. 418. 443. 447. 460. 474. 488. 500. 513. 526. 691 Society badges and emblems. See Regalia, etc. Soda waters. See Mineral, etc., waters. Soda-water apparatus 237, 262, 383, 402, 418, 460, 476, 488, 526, 691 Sodas and sodium compounds 173 Softwoods 135 Solder. See Babbitt metal, etc. Soups, canned 39, 42 South Carolma. 272,276,338,464,478,490,507,560,562 South Dakota. 272,276,338,464,478,490,506,659,562 Spades. See Shovels, etc. Spice, roasting and grinding. See Coffee, etc. Page. . --. See Nails, etc. Spindles 53 Sporting and athletic goods .'!!!!!!!!". 237, 262,383,402,418,460,476,488,526,692 oprmgs, steel, car, and carriage, not made in steel works or rolling mills 96, „ . 112,383,402,418,460,476,488,626,692 Stains. See Blacking, etc. Stamped and enameled ware 212 218,383,402,418,476,488,626,692 Starch. See Glucose, etc. States: Capital 658,562 Electric motors 567 Establishments : 658 Expenses 662 Fuel used 567 Horsepower 558,566 Hours of labor 490 Persons engaged 562 Rank of, in manufactoring industries 272 Value of products 275,668,662 Wage earners 328, 463, 478, 668, 562 Wages 658 See also ivdimdual states. Stationery goods 237 262, 383, 404, 418, 460, 476, 488,' 526, 693 Statuary and art goods 202 209, 383, 404, 418, 460, 476, 488, 526, 693 Steam fittings and steam and hot-water heat- ing apparatus 96 124, 125, 383, 404, 418, 476, 488, 526, 694 Steampacking 237 263, 383, 404, 418, 460, 476, 488, 526, 694 Steam shovels. See Excavating machinery, etc. Steam-railroad cars. See Cars, etc. Steam-railroad repair shops 233 234 Stearin 39 Steel. See Iron, etc. Steel works and rolling mills 26 96, 102, 381, 398, 414, 436, 441, 446, 465, 470, 485, 498, 512, 622, 641 Stencils and brands 237 249, 383, 404, 418, 476, 488, 626, 694 Stereotyping and electrotyping 153 164, 383, 404, 418, 460, 476, 488, 626, 695 Stone, clay, and glass products 29 201 Stone work. See Marble, etc. Stoves, gEksandoil 97 125, 383, 404, 420, 476, 488, 526, 696 Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves 443, 447, 460, 501 Stoves and hot-air furnaces 97 125, 383, 404, 420, 476, 488, 526, 695 Stoves and ranges 97, 125 Stringed instruments. See Violins, etc. Structural ironwork, not made in steel works or rolling mills 27 96, 113, 383, 404, 420, 476, 488, 526, 69^ Sugar, beet 31 62,383,404,420,437,460, 476, 488, 502, 513, 626, 697 ' cane 31 52,383,404,420,437,460, 476, 488, 502, 526, 697 refining 26 31, 383, 404, 420, 443, 447, 461, 476, 488, 601, 513, 528, 697 Sugar-mill machinery 120 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids I6S, 170, 383, 404, 420, 461, 476, 488, 602, 628, 698 Superintendents, managers, clerks, etc 429, 433 Superintendents and managers. 427, 428, 439, 630, 564 Surgical appliances 237, 263, 383, 404, 420, 476, 488, 528, 698 Surgical appliances and artificial limbs (see also Artificial limbs) 461 Suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods. . 66, 89, 383, 404, 420, 476, 488, 528, 698 Sweetening sirups, other than cane 31,39 Table foods. See Breadstuff preparations, etc. Tags. See Labels, etc. Tallow. See Grease, etc. Tallow and oleo stock 3g Taxes. See Rent, etc. 67031°— 17- -46 722 INDEX. Telegraph apparatus 244 Telephone apparatus 245 Tennessee 272, 270, 338, 465, 480, 490, 507, 560, 562 Tents. See Awnings, etc. Terneplate. See Tin plate, etc. Terra-eotta. See Brick and tile, etc. Texas 272, 276, 338, 465, 480, 490, 508, 561, 562 Textile fabrics 56 Textile machinery 120 Textile mills 60,68,71 Textiles and their products 29, 56 ■ Theatrical scenery 2f37. 263, 383, 404, 420, 476, 488, 538, 699 Throwsters. See Silk goods, etc. Tile. See Brick, etc. Timber products. See Lumber, etc., products. Time mechanisms, electric. See Clocks, etc. Tin. See Copper, etc. Tin Ml 212, 222, 383, 420, 461, 476, 488, 528, 699 Tin plate and terneplate 97, 125. 384. 404. 420. 461. 476. 488. 528. 699 Tinware 212, 217, 384, 404, 420, 476, 488, 628, 699 Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff 26, 222. 223. 384. 404. 420. 476. 488. 628. 700 cigars and cigarettes.- 26. 222, 223, 384, 404, 420, 476, 488, 628, 700 Tobacco manufactures 29, 437, 443, 447, 461, 501 Tombstones. See Monuments, etc. Tools {f:ce also Cutlery, etc.) 97, 128. 384. 404. 420. 476. 488. 528. 701 edge. See Cutlery, etc. machine 120 machinists' 97 Tools and cutlery 97 Toys and games 237, 263, 384, 404, 420, 461, 476, 488, 528, 702 Transformers 243 Trunks and valises - 143, 151. 384. 404. 420. 470. 488. 528. 702 Turpentine and rosin 108, 199,268,384,404,420,443, 447, 461, 476, 488, 528, 703 Twine. See Coi'dage, etc. Typetounding. 153, 165,384,404,420,476,488,528,703 Type founding and printing materials 461 Typesetting machines, hnotype and other 120 TypewTiter supplies 263 Typewriters and supplies 97, 128. 384, 404, 420, 443, 447, 461, 476, 488, 501, 528, 703 Typewriting machines 120 Umbrellas and canes. 237, 264. 384. 404. 420. 461. 476. 488. 528. 704 Undertakers' goods. See Coffins, etc. Upholstering materials 57, 93, 384, 404, 420, 461, 476, 488, 528, 704 including haircloth 93 Utah 272, 270, 338, 465, 480, 490, 609, 561, 562 Vacuum cleaners 120 Valises. See Trimks, etc. Varnish. See Paint, etc. Varnishes 168, 384, 404, 420, 476, 488, 528, 704 Vault lights and ventilators 97, 129. 384. 404. 420. 461. 476. 488. 528. 705 Vegetable products 30 Vegetables, canned 30, 39, 42 canning and preserving. See Fruits, etc. Vehicles for land transportation 29, 224 Ventilators. See Vault lights, etc. Vermicelli. See Macaroni, etc. Vermont 272, 276, 338, 463, 478, 490, 504, 558, 562 Vessels, number launched 260 Vinegar and cider 31, 55, 3S4, 404, 420, 437, 461, 476, 488, 528, 705 Violins and other stringed instruments 236 Virginia 272, 276, 339, 464, 478, 490, 506, 560, 562 Wage earners: Hours of Sbor 370, 482, 489 Nimiber of . . 391, 422, 429, 439, 444, 448, 453, 466, 558 Sex and age distribution 328, 427, 432, 436, 444, 448, 463 Page. 16,516,558,562 Wagon materials. See Carriage, etc., mate- rials. Wagons. See Carriages, etc. Wall paper, not made in paper mills 153, 165. 384. 404. 420. 461. 476. 488. 528. 706 Wall plaster 202, 205, 384, 404, 420, 461, 476, 488, 502, 528, 706 Washers. See Bolts, etc. Washing machines and clothes wringers 237, 264. 384. 404. 420. 461. 476. 488. 528. 707 Washington. . . 272,276,339,465,480,490,509,561,562 Waste 57, 94, 384, 404, 420, 462, 476, 488, 528, 707 Watch and clock materials 212, 217. 384. 404. 420. 476. 488. 528. 707 Watch cases. . . 2l2 217, 384, 404, 420, 476, 488, 528, 708 Watches (sec ffZso Clocks, etc.) 212, 217. 384. 404. 420. 476. 488. 528. 708 Water meters. See Gas machines, etc. Water wheelsand motors 491 495, 503, 544, 566 Weather strips. See Window and door screens, etc. West Virginia. 272,276,339,464,478,490,506,660,562 Whalebone cutting 264 Wheat flour 47 Wheelbarrows 224, 230, 384, 404 420, 462, 476, 488, 528, 708 Whetstones. See Hones, etc. Whips 237, 264 384 404, 420, 462, 476, 488, 528, 708 Willow ware. See Baskets, etc. Windmills 120, 237, 264, 384, 404, 420, 462 476, 488, 528, 709 Windowand door screens and weather strips. . 133, 137. 384. 404. 420. 476. 488. 528. 709 Window shades and fixtures 2S1, 264, 384, 404, 420, 462, 476, 488, 528, 709 Wire 97.129,384, 404, 420, 443, 447, 462, 476, 488, 501, 513, 528, 710 Wire mills 130 Wire nails. See Nails and spikes, etc. Wire rope and cable (see oZsoWirework, etc.).. 97 Wirework, including wire rope and cable 97, 132, 384, 404, 420, 443, 447, 462, 476, 488, 528, 710 Wisconsin .... 272, 275, 339, 464, 478,490, 505, 559, 562 Wood, turned and carved 133, 138, 384, 404, 420, 443, 447, 462, 476, 489, 601, 528, 712 Wood carpet 79, 133, 142, 384, 404, 420, 462, 476, 488,528, 711 Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin 168, 199, 268, 384, 404, 420, 462, 476, 489, 628, 711 Wood novelties 236 Wood preserving 1.337" 142, 384, 404, 420, 462, 476, 489, 528, 711 Wood pulp. ScePaper, etc., pulp. Wooden goods (see also Cooperage, etc.) 133, 138, 384, 404, 420, 476, 489, 528, 712 Woodworking machinery 120 Wool -^ 37 Wool and wool yams consumed In textile mills , 71 Wool manufacttu'es ! 71 Wool pulling 56, 84, 384, 404, 420, 462, 476, 489, 528, 713 Wool scouring 66, 84, 384, 404, 420, 462, 476, 489, 528, 713 Wool shoddy 56, 83, 384, 404, 420, 476, 489, 628, 714 Wool yams consumed in textile mills. See Wool, etc., consimied in textile mills. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats -. 437, 443, 447, 462, 501, 513 Woolen and worsted goods 26, 56, 58, 59, 72, 73, 384, 404, 420, 476, 489, 528, 714 Worsted goods. See Woolen, etc., goods. Wrought iron 96, 113 Wrought pipe 381 , 400, 414, 456, 472, 486, 522, 643 Wyoming 272,276,339,465,480,490,608,561,562 Teast. See Baking powders, etc. Zinc, smelting and refining. See Smelting and refining, etc. o