C ^7< CpL ^■ o/ i d. fc^ r= f' ■U-7« rRINTEI) BY JOHN H. m'gOWN, 106, Fulton-street. £** OFFICERS OF THE LYCEUM FOR 1848-41) PRESIDENT. JOSEPH DELAFIELD. VICE-PRESIDENTS. JOHN LE CONTE, WM. C. REDFIELD. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. JOHN H. REDFIELD. RECORDING SECRETARY. ROBERT H. BROWNE. TREASURER. CHARLES M. WHEATLEY. LIBRARIAN. ROBERT H. BROWNE. CURATORS. B. W. BUDD, M. D., R. H. BROWN K, J. G. BELL, J. C. BREVOORT, W. GIBBS, M. D. CONTENTS OF VOLUME FOURTH. -f BY WILLIAM COOPER. Page- Description of five species of Yespertilio 63 On two species of Molossus 64 On two species of Plecotos "" BY ISAACHAR COZZENS. Description of three new fossils 167 BY H. B. CROOM. On tbe genus Sarraccnia 9» BY JAMES B. DANA. On a new mineralogical Nomcclalure 9 BY ASA GRAY. Remarks on the structure and affinities of the CcratophyllacciE- ... 41 Melanthacearuui America; septenlrionalis revisio 106 BY JOHN C. JAY. Description of new species of shells 169 BY WILLIAM L. JONES. Ou a new species of Woodpecker 489 BY GEORGE N. LAWRENCE. On a new species of Anser 171 Ou a new 6pecics of Procellaria 17.') BY JOHN LE CONTE. On a new species of Apus 156 BY JOHN L. LE CONTE . Monograph of the genus Passimachus 142 On Colcoptcra indigenous to the eastern and western continents - - . 168 Catalogue of Gcodephagous Coleoptera of the United States - - - - 173 -J. BY 0. W. MORRIS. On the quantity of Rain at different Heights 496 Meteorological Observations 600 BY JOHN H. REDFIELD. On the fossil fishes of Connecticut and Massachusetts 36 Description of some new species of shells 163 On the characters of Cyprtea reticulata and C. histrio 477 Descriptions of new species of Bullia and Marginclla 491 BY JOHN TORREY. On the discovery of Vauquelinite in the United States 76 New genera and species of North American plants fcO BY JAMES F. WARD. On the appearance of the Pyrrhula enucleator in the vicinity of New York - 61 INDEX For the genera and species of Geodephagoua Coleoptcra contained in Dr. Lo Conte'e paper — (lee below.) P«go. Amiauthium ... 121 Amphianthus ... 82 Ansor 171 Apus ..... 155 Buliia 491 Bulimun - - - . 169 Cardium .... 168 CaloptoniB .... 39 Ceratophyllacere ... 41 Chamoelirion .... 132 CholchicetB - - - - 110 Conulites .... 185 Couus 169 Cypnea 477 Empotrum .... 83 Euryderus .... 151 Iloloniaa .... 130 Leavenwortliia ... 87 Loimanthiuin - - - 114 Leucocrinum - - - 110 Maranthera ... 80 Marginella - - . 163-432 Molanthacoa; - ... 103 Melanthem - Molossus Passimachus Pentagonia - Picus - Piliolites Plecotes Pleea - Procollaria Poydrus Pyrrhula Kanolla Sarraconia Schccnocaulon Stenanthium Tofliodia Triantha Triton Vauquelinite Voratrum Vesportdio Xoropliyllum - Zigadenus Psfa. Ill 65 142 158 489 157 71 139 475 153 51 166 93 127 119 133 137 165 75 117 54 128 111 ERRATA Page 178, line penultimate, for 1 read 2. " 180, " 11, for Soc. read Sc. " 183, " 12, " subnea read unbomea. " 189, " 15, " picens read picoa. " 195, " 25, " 21 read 2. . .. 197, " 20, before Tbyreoptorus, add Tetragonodoms Dej. 1 Leconte. Dej. Sp. gen. Habitat in provinsiis australibus minas frequons. " 209, " 29, for pygmffius read pygnvoea. " 341 " 19, " incurvutce read incurvato;. " :)54, " "It- add striis. « 376, " 16, and 17, for femoratus and sericens read femorata and sericea. " 401, " 15, for irapressionbus road impreesionibus. INDEX TO THE GEODEPIIAGOUS COLEOPTERA. Poge. Pago. Pog«. Abax - 342 bembidioidos 227 Amara Abdominalcs - 440 chalccum - 221 angustata - . 365 Acinupidie - 371 collaro 225 antliraciua - - 391 AcnonoN cuprcum 2J5 basalis - 365 contempta - - 367 cupiipcnno- 221 cbalcea - 365 musculis - 36(i decipiens - 229 conjinis - 367 rubrica - 3GG errans 224 cont'usa - 361 AoupALi'ua crytbropum 224 communis - - 362 consimilis - - 412 cxcavatum - 227 convexa . 363 debilipcs - - 407 femoratum - 227 dillicilis - 362 dijjicilis - 413 ferroum 228 discors - 371 elongatulus - 407 fonnosum - 224 cxarata - 367 bumilis - 412 foveicolle - 370 fallax - 362 lugubris micros - 417 llurrisii 225 furtiva - 367 - 412 lonum 229 grossa ■ 416 misellus - 410 limbatum - 230 lii/i>erborea - 357 partiarius - - 412 luctuosum - 230 impuncticollis - 362 paupereulus rotuiulicollis - 412 maculifrous 969 iiiieifialis - - 360 - 410 inn in inn 225 indistincta - - 365 suturalis - 411 melanarium 225 lajvipennis - - 371 testacous - ■ 412 metallicum 39 1 liltmalis - - 361 Adelosia moorous 225 htcidula . 365 morosa - 335 morosum - 996 luctnosa - 438 mutu - - 335 nigriceps - 229 ■musculis - - 366 oblongo-notata - 335 nitidulum - 225 pallipes . 371 Aei'us nutans - - 227 jiiitricia - 359 - 413 8-punctatum 224 polita - 364 Agonoderus dorwaliH furcatus - infuscatua - linrola pallipes suturalis - 373 - 373 - 373 - 373 - 373 - 373 palliatum • picoum jiicipcnnc - placidum - piilliiliim - punctiforme retractum - rufipes 230 226 229 227 225 230 228 230 punctnlata rubrica splendida - trivudis Amiii.vciieila cyliudriroriiiis Amblyciius - \ MI'IHSIA - 361 - 366 - 360 - 162 - 184 . 417 AOONUM osruginosum am no albicrus basalo . 227 229-370 . 3G9 - 227 scutellare - similo eordens 370 369 229 femorata - fulvicollis - intorstitialis - 377 - 376 - 376 Btriato-punctatum 227 Ancuomenub Index to Volume Four. Pago. Pago. Page. ciucticollia - - 369 helluonis - 209 littorale 451 collaris - 225 Aroutor nigriceps - 474 coracinus - - 220 agilis 338 nigrum 468 corviiins - 221 bicolor 337 nitidulum - 452 decens - 220 brcvicollis - 338 Oji/iositum - 462 docorus - 223 brevicornis 370 paludosum- 451 deplanatus - 221 celeris 337 patruele 459 depressus • - 221 contaminatus 337 postremum- 466 elongatulus - 222 erraticus - 339 proximum - 471 extensieollis - 222 fcmoratus - 338 pumilum - 474 gagates - 220 lionestus - 370 punctato-striatum 473 Lecontii - - 222 laticollis 340 i-maculatum 462 margiualis - - 221 lucidulus - 340 rupcstre - 465 nigerrimus - 221 mandibularis 370 sigillare 451 obconicus - - 439 minor 338 stigmaticum 451 obscuratus - 222 nitiduloa - 339 tetracolum 465 obscurus - - 223 patruelis 337 transversale 466 pubcscens - - 439 piciveutris - 337 tripunctatum 469 Binuatus - - 220 rectus 338 troglodytes 472 thoracicus - 223 suppliyriuus 370 variegatum 459 tenuicollia - - 222 velox 338 xanthopus - 469 viridis - 222 Atkanus Bipartiti 210 Anisodactvlus pubescens- 439 Blemus agricola - 379 Attclabus amesccns - 473 baltimorensis - 379 l'ennsylvauicus 185 Bletiiisa carbonarius - 361 Axinopalpus quadricoilis 448 CCD11US - 385 biplagiatus . 190 llritrliiiiides 184 crassus - 382 Badister BllAClIINUS discoidous - - 379 inicans 418 atlinis 204 ellipticus - - 384 notatus 417 altomans - 198 gravklus - - 383 ]>ul(;liollus - 418 balliatariuB - 199 iuterpmictatus - 379 terminalis - 417 ceplialotes - 205 Iojtus - 386 tcstaceus - 413 conformis - 207 laticollis - - 380 Bemidium nordicolliB - 206 luctuosus - - 382 affine 462 cyanoptcrus 203 lugubrig - - 386 amcricanum 453 Deyrollii - 200 mclanopus - 380 antiquum - 455 fumans 203 merula - 384 arciuiriain 452 lateralis 202 nigrita - 374 chalceiim - 455 Lo Contii - 203 obscurus - - 386 contraction 462 mediuB 207 paradoxus - - 416 coxendix - 452 neglcctus - 201 pinguis - - 382 decipiens - 462 patruelis - 202 rufipeunis - - 381 dorsale 458 porplcxus - 203 rusticus - 384 ephippitttum ferrugineum 468 pumilio 208 St. Cruris - 379 474 (jiiailripcnnis 201 striatua - 380 jlaviuaude 471 similis 199 subainous - - 385 grunarium 470 Btrenuua - 200 tristis - 416 honestum - 455 su 111 a us 204 Anophthalmias improssum - 451 tonncntarius 200 Tellkampfii ■ 416 iiUBquale - 452 velox 206 Aplochile incurvui/i - 469 viridiponuis 205 pygma;a - - 209 inornatum - 471 viridis 205 Aptinus intcrsoctum 473 Bradytus Amoricanus - 198 laoustre 451 avidus 367 jantliinipeuuis - 198 ItBvigatum- 453 exaratus - 367 Aretiiarea lievum 472 furtivus 367 Index to Volume Four. P«go. Pngo. Pa«« Buobcus amaanus - 435 12 guttata - 181 approximate 354 atripemiis - - 436 formosa 180 loivipcnnis - 354 UllgllstUB - - 433 fulgida 179 morio 865 brcvicollis - - 432 generoea - 179 obsoletus - 354 brevilabiis - - 437 gratiosa 184 CaLATHUB chloroplianus - 435 hiimorrhoidalis ■ 182 distingucndua 216 circuniciiictus - 440 Hontzii 182 grcgarius - 217 cobaltinua - - 434 hirticollis - 180 Calleida congener - - 435 lepida 181 decora 189 consimilis - - 437 limbalis 177 fulgida 18!) cordicollis - - 435 liinbata 184 marginata - 189 elegantulus - 438 longilabria - 178 prasina 189 cmarginatus - 438 viarginalis 176 punctata - 189 erytbropus - - 432 marginata - 180 rubricollii - 210 exaratus - - 438 marginipennia 182 amaragdina 190 fulgiceps - - 436 micana 182 viridipennis- 189 fascicornis - - 432 modesta 175 Calosoma impunctifroua - 438 nigrocu'rulea 181 calidum 446 lalicollis - 433 ohliuuate - 179 frigidum 446 Lo Contii - - 433 obscura 175 longipenne 445 lithopbilus - - 434 obsolota 178 luxatum - 445 longicollis - - 486 patruela 178 obsoletum - 446 luctuosus - - 438 proteua 181 Sayi ... 446 nemoralis - - 436 pulchra 185 scrutator - 446 niger - . 438 punctulata - 182 tristo 446 patruclis - - 435 purpurea - 176 Wilcoxi 416 pennsylvanicua - 436 pusilla 183 Carabidas 440 perviridis - - 434 repanda 180 Carabidea 440 prasinus - 435 rufiventris - 184 Cakauub purpiiricollis - 432 rugifrona - 185 Beauvoisii - 450 pusillua - 438 Saulcyi 184 carinutus - 443 rufilabris - - 432 Scutellaria - 176 carolinus - 450 rufipes - 433 aovora 184 exteruua 445 eeriiua . 434 sexguttata - 176 Goryi 444 Binaragdinua . 440 aignata - 181 intorruptua - 444 Bolitarius . 435 Bplendida - - 176 I'Hermiuieri 450 tricolor - 436 eprota - 17T ligatus 444 tomentosus - 438 terricola ■ 184 limbatus 444 vicinus - 436 togata ■ 184 linealo-punctatua 444 vircns - 440 tortuoaa ■ 182 luxatus 445 viridanus - • 434 trifasciata - ■ 181 eoriatus 4+1 C'lCINDKI.A unicolor ■ 175 ■ylvosus 445 abdominalis - 183 unipunctata ■ 175 vinctus 444 albilabris - - 178 variegata - ■ 180 Zimmormaui 445 albohirta - - 180 venusta - 184 Cabnonia iiiiHi'ija - 177 virginica - - 175 pennsylvauica - 185 Audubonii - - 176 tiolacea • 176 Cilia blanda - 180 vulgaris - 179 gibba- 360 Carolina - 175 Cicindelidat - ■ 175 iiKcqualis - 360 celeripes - 188 Clivina splondida - 360 cinctipennig - 182 acuducta - - 214 Cephalotea • 254 circumpicta - 184 amoricana - - 213 Clanidea 417 conacntane* - 178 bipustulata - - 213 Chlamiini 431 denticulate - 175 convoxa - 213 CULCSNIUB docemnotat - 184 crenata - 212 ajstivus 434 dorsalis - 181 dentipes - 213 Index to Volume Four. Page. Pago. Poge. elongata - 215 pilosa - 186 latens ■ 191 frontalis - 915 plntycollis - - 189 picevs - 189 globulosa - . 212 pubescens - - 186 Bubsuleatus - 100 hremorrhoidaia . 212 purpurea - - 188 Dysciiimus iinprcssifrons - 213 pustulate - - 189 bipuxtulatua - 212 liiirolatu .- . 214 sinuata - 189 cronatus - 212 morio - 215 unicolor - 187 globulosus - - 212 pallida - 214 Venator - 186 hemorrhoidal is - 212 pallipcnnit- - 215 viridicollis - - 188 burner alts - - 212 postica - 213 viridipennis ■ 189 morio - 215 pumila - 212 Daptini - 371 pallipennis - - 215 puncticollis - 215 Do plus pnmilus - 212 4-maculata - 213 incrassatus - 373 puncticollis - 215 rostrata - 212 DlAPHOUUS sphtcricollis - 212 rufescens - - 214 Lccontei - - 186 subangiilutus - 212 spliaricollis - 212 DlCULUB Tastratus • - 212 striato-ptmclata - 2KJ altcrnans - - 426 terminatus - - 212 sulcifrous - - 214 ambiguus • - 428 viridis - 212 sulcata - 214 carinatus - . 426 Elapiirus virklis - 212 cliulybtcuB - - 424 amcricanus - 448 CorTODERA confusus - . 424 cicatricoaus - 448 cerata - 196 cyaneus - 425 Clairvillei • - 448 coll aria - 197 dccoloratiu - 423 fuUginosue - 448 signata - 196 Dejeanii • - 426 intormedius - 449 viridiponnis - 196 dilatatus - 427 obscurior - - 451 Cratacanthub clongatuB • . 430 riparius - 449 till l)i IIS - 376 furvus • 440 ruscarius - - 449 penusylvanicus - 376 iricolor - 426 similis • 449 Curtonotub lojviponnis - • 421 ErAIMIIUB brevilabris - - 367 Leonardi - - 431 fulvuB ■ 415 carinatus - . 368 obscurus - - 429 micans - 414 laticollis - 368 opacue - 429 Eudrumus - 468 latior - 371 ovalis - 427 Eurydera - 197 rufimanus - - 371 planicollis - - 427 ElJUYDERUB Cychrus politus - 437 zabroides - - 371 Andrewsii - . 450 jiiirpiiratus - - 425 grossuB - 416 bilobus - 444 quadratus - - 422 Eurytricbini - 376 elevalus - 440 Mflezua - 430 Eurytrichus Leonardi - - 411 sculptilis - 426 agilis - 388 itinuitomiut - 441 piinplcx - 430 dichrous - 389 unicolor - 441 eplendons - - 423 nitidipeunis - 388 viduus - 441 tetcr - r 431 piceus - 388 CymindiS violaseua - - 425 terminatus - - 387 aoiericana • - 186 DlNOUES testacouB - - 387 UIII'Mll - 188 purpuricollia - 432 Feronia eomplanata • 189 roliindii'ollis - 440 abdominalis - 347 cribricollis - - 186 Diplochiila - 418 adoxa - 351 elegans - 186 J)ll[l(INI>S agilis - 338 fuscata - 189 Lecontei - - 210 americana - - 350 laticollis - 186 DnoMius angustata • - 365 limbata - 189 americanus - 191 atrata - 370 lucidula - 187 a pic alts ■ 194 atrimadia - - 404 tnarginata - - 186 angustus - - 191 aulumiKilia - 403 morio- - 210 biplagiatm - 190 basilaris - - 365 neglccta - - 187 cordicollis - - 190 Brevoorti - ■ 352 picea - 189 gemmatus • - 210 carbonaria • ■ 335 Index to Volume Four. POR9. Pago. Pago. eaudiealis - - 336 pnnctatissima - 370 Harpalient - - 371 ceteris . 337 puncliforviis - 230 Hnrjiatini - 376 chalcitcs - . 231 quadricoUia - 343 Hahi'alus colossus . 343 recta - 338 agilis - - 388 communis - . 362 relicta - 352 agricola - 379 coinplanata - 341 rottrata - 337 ampiitatus - . 397 constricta - - 3-14 scutcllariua - 370 aasimilit - - 397 conlaminata - 337 scxiinpressa - 350 badius . 396 comcina - i 51-355 sigillala - 350 bnllimoretuit . 379 corvina - 33 (i sodalis - 349 basilaris - 417 cupripennia - 33 1 spoliala - 353 bicolor . 395 deccntis . 220 striata - 342 caliginotut . 395 decora - 223 stygica - 351 carbonarius . 381 ebenina - 370 submurginata - 341 Camus - 385 errans - 831 mibstriata - - 344 compar . 395 erratica . 339 supcrciliosa - 35S •■IS - - 389 erythropus . 2;) i tartarica - - 341 d ii bins . 376 extensicollis - 223 tencbricosa - 353 ellipsis . 400 fallax - 37U tcrminata - - 387 erraticus - - 397 faslidita - 351 trislis - 351 erytliropus - - 396 fratcrna - 370 unicolor - 352 faunus - 396 heros - - 350 vagana - 34'J femoratus - - 376 honesta - 370 vclox - 338 fovoicollis - - 399 bypolithus - . 370 ventralia - - 371 funeetuB - 402 intpunrtata - 217 vidua - 350 herbivagus - - 398 impimcticollis - 362 Feronidea - . 216 hylacis - 405 inci.sa . 345 Feroniens - . 216 inlerpunctatut - 370 interfector - . 351 Galeiuta interstitialit - 376 laclirymosa - 351 americana - ■ 185 tricolor - 389 lixa - ■ 34G bicolor - 185 iripennii - 417 lucidula - - 340 cordicollis - - 185 laticollis - - 380 luctuosa - 335 ci/iiiiipennis - 185 longicollis - - 396 lucnblanda - 231 dubia - 185 longior - 417 maculifront . 369 Janus - 185 maculicomis - 417 nicest a - 352 Lccontei - - 185 mogaccpbalus - 397 mccrens - 370 longicollit - ■ 186 mclanopus - 380 monodula - - 370 Geou^nub merula - 384 morio - 355 arenarius - - 403 muliiliilit • - 397 morosa - 335 atrimedius - - 404 nigerrimus - - 401 musculis - - 366 autumiialia - 403 nigripennit - 397 tnuta - 335 congener - . 407 nitidulus - ■ 401 mutant - 227 cordicollis • - 406 obscuripe.nnis - 376 obesa - 359 lugubris - 405 ocbropus - - 417 oblongo-notata - 335 neglectus - - 407 opacipennis - 417 obscura - 353 quadiicolEa - 405 paradoxus-- - 416 obsoleta - 354 rufescons - - 404 pennsylvanicus - 395 ochropeza - - 409 rupestris - 40(i plcurilicus - - 399 8-puncta - - 224 tibialis - 405 proximus - - 398 orbata - 348 Geomnus rotundicollis - 397 ovipennis - - 345 incrassatus - 373 ruHinanus - - 403 palliala - 230 GYNANDBOrU» rusticus - 384 parmata - - 230 amcricanut - 408 sericeus - 376 patruelis • - 337 clongatus - - 408 epadiceus • - 396 pennunda - - 3 13 liylacis - 408 StephentH - - 397 picipes - 370 HarpalidiB • - 216 stigmottu - - 389 placida - 227 Harpalidct - . 216 ttrminatui - 387 Index to Volu?ne Four. Pngo. Pose. teataceus - - 387 viltata - 195 varicomia - - 401 Leja vcntralia - 399 laevigata • - 453 viridis - 397 nigra - 468 vulpeculus - - 397 scmistrata - - 474 Hcllno Leptotracheilub pygmanis - - 208 dorsalia - 185 IIeLLUOMORPHA Lopha Clairvillei - - 208 ujliius - 462 laticornis - - 208 dccipiens - - 462 liigripennis - - 208 frontalis - - 462 pramsta - 208 opposite - 462 Helobia 4-maculata - 462 castanipca - - 447 Loricera Ilm'UROMonriii pilicornis - - 43D cxcruciaus - - 210 Lypkkus Hydriuh acutangulus - 342 lievigatum - - 453 compliiiiattts - 341 Jrickroa - 441 Huldemamii - 341 ISOPI.EUKUS scrutator - - 342 bypcrboreus - 357 tartaricuB - - 341 nil ill ua - 358 Meoacei'Iiala terrestriB - - 358 , Carolina - 175 tiACHNOrUORUB virginica - - 175 pubescens - - 416 Molops - 343 Ijgiii.v Morio abdominalis - 195 costatus - 216 aflinis - 195 GeorgiiB - 216 analis - 194 monilicornia - 216 apicalis - 194 pygmaus - - 209 atriventris - - 193 Mtab - axillaris - 194 coracinus ■ - 355 lorea - 193 cyanesccna - 355 hrunnea - 194 foveatus - 355 collaris - 195 Nebria conjungens - 194 pallipcs - 447 coucinna - - 192 Notaphua - 457 Jloricola - 195 NOTIOPIIILUS furcata - 193 confuaua - 449 fuscata - 194 9-striatus - - 450 grandis ■ 192 porrectus - - 450 maculicornis - 195 BomistriatuB - 450 inarginella - - 208 OcnriiEUROMua uigripenuis - - 195 iimcieollifl - - 459 ornata - 194 aflinis - 462 platycollia - - 189 amoricanus - 453 pleuritica - - 193 antiquus - - 455 pulchella - - 194 basalis - 454 puinila - 195 bimacu atus - 466 4-vittata - - 195 cautus - 464 ruBsata - 208 chalcous - - 455 acapularis - - 191 concolor - 473 smaragdula - 195 const rictus - 462 tricolor - 182 contractus - - 462 viridipeDQia - 193 cordatus - 457 viridis - 195 decipiena - • 462 Page. dilatatus - - 455 dorsalis - 458 frontalis - 462 fugax - 467 gclidua - 464 honcstus - - 454 intermedins - 473 longulus - 456 lucidus - 466 niger - 468 nigripos - 473 nitidtis - 468 oppoaiius - - 462 patruelis - - 459 porspicuus - - -166 picipes - 465 pictus - 461 plauatus - 456 planus - 467 posticus - 463 po8tromus - - 476 purpurascens - 4 5 4 4-maaoulutus - 4fiJ rnpidus - 460 rupeatria - - 465 rupicula ealebratus - - 465 - 453 acopulinua - - 466 6emistriatus - 474 sordidus - 473 aiibojneus - - 457 substrictus - 465 sulcatus - 463 tetracolus - - 465 timidus - 460 trunsrersalis - 466 tropidus - 463 umbratus • - 458 variegatus - - 459 versicolor - - 462 viridicollis - ■ 459 Odontium coxendbi • - 452 uitidulum • - 452 Olistiiopub cinctua - 370 micans - 230 parmatus - ■ 230 Omabeus orinomum - - 335 Omophron umoricanum - 447 labiatum - - 447 Lecontii - 447 nitidum - 447 Sayi - 447 Index to Volume Four. tesselatum - Omus - Oojjes amaniides - americanua - cuprmua exarntlia minuliia i picipea 14-striatus - Ophmitt femoratua - inutabilis opacipcnnit Panaq<2lni PaNAG includes the oblique rhomboidal prism, in which all three axes intersect at oblique angles. Class 6. Tetraxona, (verruga four, and "uguv axis) : includes the hexagonal prism and rhombohedron, which have four axes. The relations of the forms, in any one of these classes, is such that it may be impossible in some instances, from an entire indis- 12 A Nciv Mwieralogical Nomenclature. tinctness of the cleavages, to determine which one is the primary ; for either of the forms in the class Trimctiica (for example) may have the other three as secondaries. The peculiarities of cleavage have been expressed as follows : Acrotomus, ('ax^ov summit, and ts/jwcj to cut off) : cleavage parallel to the base of a prism or octahedron, or to a plane truncating the vertex of the rhombohedron. Peritonitis, (tfsji about, and ts\imu) : cleavage parallel with each of the lateral planes. Diatomus, (5ia through, and ts(/,vw) : cleavage in the direction of a diagonal plane. Dyslomus, (Svs difficult, and ts/xvw) : cleavage difficultly obtained. Eutomus, (su easily, and w) : cleavage easily obtained. The names proposed for the Classes arc I. Epigjea, ('eiri upon, and yaia earth) ; II. Entogjea, (svtos xvilhin, and yaia) ; III. Hypo- oeje, (utfo beneath, and yaia) : the first includes the fluids and those soluble minerals whose formation is going on at the present time from the decomposition of other species, and which therefore are necessarily superleiTaneous ; the second, the species which occur in and compose rock-strata, and of which it is therefore appropriately said that their native situation is within the earth ; the third, those which have been literally buried, as the coals and resins. The remaining terms will be explained as they arc employed. Classis I. EPIG.EA. G. under 3.8. No bituminous odor. Taste of solid individuals acid, alkaline, or saline. Classis II. ENTOGjEA. G. above 1.8. Tasteless. Classis III. IIYPOGiEA. G. under 1 B. A New Mincralogical Nomenclature. 13 Classis I. EPIGiEA. Ordo 1. Rheutinea (£su*ros, fluid.) Gaseous or liquid. Ordo 2. Sterinea, (oVeffoj, solid.) Individuals solid. Classis II. ENTOGJEA. Ordo 1. IIalinea, (aXivos, saline.) H = 1—5.5. G= 1.8— 3.3. Lustre unmetallic. Slrcak uncolored. Ordo 2. Babytinea, (€afu .«.o of euphony the aspirate has been dropped in the composition of this and similar words. A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. 17 Genus 8. Vitriolum. H=2 — 2.5. G=1.8 — 3.2. Taste astringent and metallic, nauscout. Sp. 1. V. Martiale,* Copperas. White Copperas. 2. V. hexagonum, 3. V. parasiticum, Yellow Copperas, 1. V. Cyprium, Blue Vitriol. 5. V. Zincicum White Vitriol. C. V. Cobalticum, ■Cobalt- VilrioL 7. V. Uranicurn, Johannite. 8. V. bicolor, Botryogcn. Genus 9. GjEALTJM.t H = 2.5— 3.5. G=2.7— 2.9. Taste weak. Sp. I. G. obliquum, Glauberite. 2. G. columnare, Poly halite. CLASS II.— ENTOGiEA. OUDER I. HALINEA. Genus 1. ASTASIALUS.J H = 1.5 — 2. G=l — 2.5. Decomposed in the flame of a candle. Sp. 1. A. pliytogencus,^ Oxalate of Lime- Genus 2. Cryalus.|| 11=2.25—2.5. G=2.9— 3. Fusible in the flame of a candle. Sp. 1. C. fusilis, Cryolite. * Tho salts of iron were termed Martial l>y the alchemists, from Mars, tho alchemistic name of iron. t Tata, earth, and aM, salt, in allusion to the composition and slight solubility of the species. X "Atmiros, unstable; alludes to the facility with which the species is decomposed. if oroycveos, originalirg from plants ; the species is supposed to be of vege- table origin. , II Kpiios. ice, and 5Xs, ««'< >' from the ready fusibility of the mineral. 3 IS A New Miner alogical Nomenclature. Genus 3. Aluminus. H=5. G =2.7— 2.8. Sp. 1. A. rhoinbohedrus, Alum-Stone Genus 4. Fluellus. H=4- -fi.6 G=2.9— 3.4. 0p. 1. F. pyramidalis, Flucllitc. a. F. octahedrus, Fluor- Spar. 3. V. hexagonus, Apatite. 4. F. obliquus, Wagner itc. 5. F. rhombicus, Herderite. 6. F. Childrenii, Childrcnitc. Genus 5. Astralus.* H=3.5 — 4. G=2.3 — 2.4. Mostly slcllularlij and licmisphcricallij columnar. Sp. 1. S. rhombicus, Wavellite. Genus G. GypsALUs.t H=1.6 — 3.5. G = 2.3 — 3. One or more cleavages very perfect and easily obtained. Contain lime. Sp. 1. G. stellatus, Fharmacolite. 2. G. rhombicus, Haidingerite. 3. G. rhomboideus, Ghfpsum. 4. G. rectangulus, Anhydrite. 5. G. Cobalticus, llosclitc G. G. fusilis, Hydroboracite. Genus 7. Calcius.J: H=2.5— 4. G=2.5— 3.3. Contain lime Sp. 1. C. rh'ombohedrus, Calcareous Spar. 2. C. rhombicus, Arragonite. 3. C. Dolomari, Dolomite. 4. C. decolorans, Ankcri/c. Genus 8. Magnesialus. H = l — 4.5. G=2.5— 3.2. Contain magnesia . Sp. 1. M. rhombohedrus, Rhomb Spar. 2. M. fibrosus, Magnesite. 3. M. pulvereus, Hydromagnesite. * 'Affrpov, a star. t Vvtl/as lime, and SXs *«/'. t Calx, time. A New Mineralogical Nomenclature 19 ORDER II. BARYTINEA. Genus 1. Baralus.* H=2.0 — 4. C=3.3 — 4.8. Streak uncolorcd. Contain.strontia or baryta. Sp. 1. B. rubefaciens,t Strontianitc. 2. B. prismaticus, Cclestine. 8. B. obliquus, Baryto-calcite. 4. B. fusilis, Withcritc. 5. B. rhombohedruj, Drcclite. C. B. ponderosus. Heavy spar. Genus 2. Spanialu94 H=4— 5. G=3.4— 4.8. Sp. 1. S. hexagonus, Fluorine, 2. S. dodecahedrus, Subsesquijluale of Cerium. 3. S. quadratus, Carbonate of Cerium. 4. S. Wollastonii, Silicate of Cerium. 5. S. octahedrus, Microlite. 6. S. rhombicus, Ytlro-cerite. 7. S. peritomus, Xenotimc. Genus 3. Scheelius. H=4— 4.5. G = C— G.l. Sp. 1. S. pyramidalis, Tungstate of lime. Genus 4. Stimmius.§ H=2.5 — 8. G=5.5 — 5.0. Contain antimony. Sp. 1. S. rhombicus, White antimony. Genus 5. Bismutalus. H=3— 4.5. G=5.9— 6.1. Contain bismuth. '. Sp. 1. B. ochraceus, Bismuth- Ochre. 2. B. dodecahedrus, Bismuth-Blende. Genus 6. Zincalus. H=2.5— 5.5. G=4.3— 4.5. Contain zinc. Sp. 1. Z. rhombohedrus, Calamine. 2. Z. peritomus, Electric Calamine. 3. Z. acrotomus, Willemite. 4. Z. diatomus, Hoj>eitc. * B.ipot, weight, and S\<, salt. t In allusion to its tinging flame red. t Enwcot, rare, and i\s ; the species are salts of two rare minerals, cerium and yttrium. <) EH/i/h, antimony. so A New Mineralogical Nomcnclahm Genus 7. Marantalus.* H=3 — 6. G=3 — 3.9. Color darkened on exposure. Contain manganese and iron. Sp. 1. M. rhombohedrus, Spathic Iron. 2. M. rhombicus, Junkerite. 3. M. decrepitans, Diallogite. 4. M. quadratus, Triflite. 5. M. Fresnii, Hetepozitc. 6. M. fusilis, Huravlite, Genus 8, Arealus.+ H=1.5— 5. G = 2.6 — 3.8. Contain iron. Sp. 1. A. cubicus, Cube Ore. 2. A. irimetricus, Scorodite. 3. A. Argerrtifenw, Chenocoprotitc. D. 4. A. rhombicus, Ttiphilinc. 5. A. radiatus, Cacoxenitc. 6. A. rhomboideus, Vivianile. 7. A. divergens, Anglaritc. 8. A. rhombohedrus, Pyrosmalitc. 9. A. foliaceus, Cronttedlitc. Genus 9. Cobaltalvs. fl=l.S — 2. G = 3. Color some shade of red. Contain cobalt. Sp. 1. C. rubellus, Cobnll-Bloom. Genus 10. Gronalus.$ H=2-*45 G=5.3 — 8.1. Color white, green, blue, or red. Contui n lead. Sp. 1. ('. rhombicus, While Lead. 2. C. quadratus, Corneous Lead. 3. C. Vesuvianus, Cotwnnite. 4. c. peritomus, Ccraxitc. 5. c. acrotomus, Leadhillite. 6. c. flexilis, Ihjo.njt'tlc. 7. c. Angleseanus, Anglesite. 8. c. amorphus, HcaynJianc. 9. c. rcsiniformis, Pltimbo-resinite, 10. c. hexagonus, 11. var. 1. speciosus, Ft/romorphi/r. 12. var. 2. alliaccus, Mimetene. 13. c. pyramidalis, Molybdate of Lead: 14. c. Vanadicus, I (inadalc of Lead. * MapmVi.i, to fade, alluding to the change of color the species undergo on exposure. t Apnt, Mars, the alcherohitic name of iron, and 5X<, salt. t Kpfvos, Saturn, the alchcmistic name of lead, and a\s, salt. A New Mineralogical Nomenclaturt . 21 Sp. 15f C. pondcrosus, 1G. C. byacintlms, 17. C. rubeus, 18. C. Vauquelini, 19. C. diatomus, 20. C. rhomboidcus, 21. C. ochraceus, Tungstale «f Lead. Chromate of Lead, Mclunuchroiir. I atiquelinite. Caledonite. Cupreous Anglesitc. Minium. Genua II. Cvpualus.* H= Sp. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Sp. J. 2. Sp. 1. 2. 1—4 c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. ('. (', c. ('. ('. S. G=2.5— 4.3. acrotomus, cceruleus, vulgaris, amorphus, rhorabohedrus, speciosus, concentricus, rectangulus, hemihedrus, dystomus, acicularis, exhalans, foliaccus, decrepitans, Color grcrn or blue. Contain copper Aji/iiiiusi/r. Ilhir Malachite. Green Malachite. Chrysocolla. Dioj)tasc. Euchroite. ilnnite. Lvroconite. I' xi udo-malachite. Libethcnitc. Olive n ite. Alacamitc. Cojijicr-Micu. Coppcr-Fnitlt. Genus 12. H = 2— 2.5. prasinus, Herrcri, NlCCALUS. Contain nickel. Niclel (I in ii. llerreriti . Genus 13. Uranai.t •;. H=2— 3. G--3. 1—3.2. Contain, uranium oclnaceus, Uremic ochre. quadratic I r ranite. ORDER III. CERATINKA Genus Ceratus. H = l- Sp. 1. C. cubicus, 2. C. quadratus, 3. C. foliatus, G =5.5— 6.5. Horn Silver. Horn Quicksilver. Iodic Silvi /'. * Kunpof, copper, ond 8Xf, fait, 22 A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. ORDER IV. OSMERINEA. Genus 1. Hydro lus.* H=l— 3.5. G = 1.4— 2.1. Fusion difficult— infusible. Sp. 1. H. cerinus,t Halloylite. 2. H. argilliformis, Kollyrite. 3. H. adherens, Scarbroite. 4. H. pyrosmicus,{ Pyrargillite. 5. H. Gibbsianus, llihbsUe. 6. H. tincius, Allophane. Genus 2. Oi>hitis.§ H=2— 4. G=2.5— 29. Sp. 1. O. communis, Serpentine* 2. O. figularis, ' Agalmatolite. 3. O. reniformis, Kerolite. Genus 3. Stylus. || H = 2 — 3. G = 2.G. — 2.8. In prisms nf six or tireh-c sides. Sp. 1. S. hexagonus, Finite. 2. S. acrotomus, Fuhktnite. Genus 4. Nematus.^ H=2— 3. G =2.3— 2.7. Delicately columnar. Sp. 1. N. rectangulus, Picrosmino. 2. N. scopiformis, Osmelite. 3. N. gracilis, Nemalite. Genus 5. Maroahitus.** 11 = 1.5—3. G=2— 3.1. Lamellar. Sp. 1. M. Magncsicus, Native, Magnesia. 2. M. saponaccus, Talc. * YiJt.ip, water ; refers to the large proportion of water in the 6pccies. t Waxij, in allusion to its lustre. t nop, fire, and nop), odor. () An old name of serpentine, derivod from the Greek, tyiS, a snake. II EriXos, a column, in allusion to the hexagonally prismatic forms presented by the species. IT Nilyu, a thread ; refers to the columnar structure of tho species. ** Mapy.ipcnis, pearl ; alludes to the lustre. A New Mine i ulogical Nomenclature, 23 ORDER V. CHALICINEA. Genus 1. Mica. H=2— 4.5. G =2.6— 3.1. Structure highly foliated. Sp. 1. M. margarina*, Margarite. 2. M. hexagona, Black Mica. 4. M. obliqua, Common Mica. Genus 2. PHYLLINIUS.t H=3.5— 6. G=2.6 — 3.4. Structure foliated. Sp. 1. P. Schilleri, Seh tiler Spar. 2. P. aereus, Bronzitc. 3. P. Seybertianus, Seybertite. 4. P. metallinus, Hyperslliene. Genus 3. VuLCANUS.f H=3.5 — 6. G=2 — 2.7. Species volcanic or amijgdahidal, sometimes granitic. Sp. 1. V. rhomboideus, Hculandile 2. V. fascicularis, Slilbitc. 3. V. Thomsonianus, Thomsoni/c. 4. V. hemiquadratus, Etlingtonitc. 5. V. rhombicus, Natrolitc. 6. V. peritomus, Mesotypc. 7. V. crispans, Scolezi/c. S. V. strarnineus, Cttrp/wlite. 9. V. tenax, Di/sclasite. 10. V. acutus, Epistilbite. 11. V. Brewstcrianus, Brcivstcritc. 12. V. flabelliformis, Mcsoiite. 13. V. Comptonianus, Comptoiiite. 14. V. quadratus, A-pophyllitc 15. V. efflorescens, Laumonite. 16. V. gemellus, Harmotomc. 17. V. Pbilipsianus, Philvpsite. 18. V. cubicus, Analcimc. 19. V. dodecalicdtus, Soilalitc. 20. V. trapezohedrus, Lcucite. 21. V. rhombohedrus, Chabazite. 22. V. Levyanus, Lcvyne. 23. V. exfolians, Gmclinitc. 24. V. dystomus, Datholitc. * Alludes to the pearly Idstre. t 'I'iXXoK, a leaf, in allusion to the foliated structure of the species. X Refers to the occurrence of the species in rocks of igneous origin. 24 A New Mine i 'illogical Nomenclature. Genoa 4. Clasistylus.* 11=6 — 6.5. G=2.3 — 3. Color light-green; colorless. Commonly botryoidal. Sp. 1. C. acrotomus, Prchnitc. Genus 5. Nephrus. H=5.5— 7. 0=2.9—3.4. Massive. Sp. 1. N. amorphus, Nephrite. 2. N. peritomus, Saussuritc. Genus G. Petalub. H=6— 6.5. G =2.4—2.5. Massive. Sp. 1. P. rhombicus, Petalite. Genus 7. Lazulus. H=5 — 6. G=2.8 — 3.1. Color blue or green. Cleavage indistinct. Sp. 1. L. amorphus, Turqvois. 2. L. rhombicus, Lazulitc. 3. L. triclinatus, Blue Spar. Genus S. Spatum. H=4— 0.5. G=2.1— 3.1. Sp. 1. S. hexagonum, Nepheline. 2. S. Herschellianum, Herschcllite. -">. S. oleaceum, EUcolitc. 4. S. opalescens, Labradorilc. 5. S. orthotomum.t Feldspar. 6. S. gemellum, Pcriclinc. 7. S. uiclinatum, Albite. 8. S. Vesuvianum, Anorthite. 9. S. roseum, Latrohite. 10. S. quadrature, Scapolite. 11. S. Gehlenianum, Gehlenite. 12. S. volcanicum, Gismondinc. Genus 9. Spatinius. 11=5.5—6.5. G=3— 3.5. Sp. 1. 8. decolorans, Manganese- Spar. 2. S. rhombohedrus, Troostite. 3. 3. S. reniformis, Bustamitc. " ICXiiw, to break, and onSXos, a column, in allusion to the resemblance to a broken column, often presented by tho crystals pf this species. t '( \pBis, straight, and rfpu, / cleave, refers to tho fact, that its two cleavages are at right angles with one another. A New Mincralogical Nomenelatnrc. 25 Genus 10. Awgitus. Sp. H=5— 7. G=2.9— 4. ", . 1. A. labularis, Tabular Spar. 2. A. rhorabicus, Spodumcnc. 3. A. diatomus, Pyroxene. 4. A. tlystomus, Bucklandite. 5. A. acrolomus, Babingtonite. 6. A. Protaeus, Hornblende. 7. A. phyllinus, Anlhophyllke. 8. A. scopiformis, C ' inn in nigionile. 9. A. pcritomus, Arjwedsonite. JO. A. rhomboideus, Ppidotc. il. A. Witbami, Withamite. LS. A. cuspidatus, Acmite. 13. A. Lithicus, Ambhjgohite. ORDER VI. HYALINEA. Genus 1. Andalusius. H=7— 7.5. G=3.1— 3.2. Sp. I. A. prismalicus, Andalusite. Genus 2. Epimecius.* H=6 — 7. G=3.1 — 3.7. Crystals usually long and slender. Color blue- brown — while Sp. 1. E. cyaneus, Kyanitc. 2. E. dissiliens,t Dlasporc. 3. E. Sillimanianus, SUlimanhe. 4. E. Bucholzianus, BucholzUe. Genus 3. Turmalus. H = 6.5— 8. G=3.— 3.4 Sp. 1. T. rhombohedrus, Genus 4. H=7.5— 8 G=2.S— 3.1. Sp. 1. B. hexagonus, 2. B. rhomboideus, 3. B. rhombohedrus, Color black — dark-brown — dark-blue — grccn- rcd — lohilc. Tourmaline. Beryllus. Color green — bluish — colorless. Beryl. Enclose. Phenacitc. * 'Eiriuwqf, very long. t Flying m pieces; alludes to iho action under the blowpiM. VOL. IV. 4 Sp. 26 A New Mineralogical Notnenclatun (J onus 5. Sapphikus. H = 7.5— 0. G =3.5— 4.6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. S. S. s. s. s. rectangula, octahedra, oiitoina, infusilia, rhorabohedra, Chrysoberyh Automolite. Dysluite. Sapphire, Genus 0. Adamas. H = 10. G=3. 1—3.6. Sp. 1. A. octaliedrus, Diamond. (icnus 7. Topazius. H=8. G=3.4— 3.6. Sp. 1. T. rhombicus, Topaz. 2. T. Vesuvianus, Forsterite. (J onus 8. Chrysolxthus. H=6.S— 7.5. ■ G=3.3.— 3.5. Sp. 1. C. rectangulus, Chrysolite. Sp. 2. C. obliquus, Ligurite. Genus 9. Hyalus. H=5.5— 7. G = 2— 3.3. 1. H. bicolor, lolite. 2. 11. acutus, Axinite. 3. H. rbombohedru3, Quartz. .1. II. opalinus, Opal. 5. II. Vulcani, Obsidian. 6. II. sphajrulus, Sphcerulitt ■ 7. II. ferriferus, Isopyre. Genu* 10. I.okacius. H=7. G = 2.9 — 3. Crystals monomctric. Coloi white or gray. Sp. I. B. hemihedrus, Boracitr. GenuB 11. Cakbunculus. H = 6.— 7.5. 0=3.9—4.8. Sp. 1. C. hemibcdius, Hclvin. 2. C. obliquus, Brucite. 3. C. acrotomus, Humite. 4. C. dimetricus, Tdoerate. A Neiv Mineralogical Nomenclature. 27 Sp, 5. C. dodecahedrus, Gunwt. (j. C. quadratus, Zircon. 7. C. rhombohedrus, Eudialyte. 8. C. decussatus,* Staurotide. 9. C. rhombicus, Ostrunite. ORDER VII. SCAPTINEA. S,,. S P . Sp. Genus 1. UuTiLua.t H-3.5— 7. G=3.2— 6. Culm- dark-Ted — brownish-blue); 1. R. Brucii, Red Zinc Ore. 2. If. quadratus, lllttifr. 8. R. obliquus, Sjjhenc. 4. R. pyramidalis, Anatasc. 5. R. Brookianus, BrooMte. C. R. oclahedrus, lied Copper Ore. 7. R. dystomus, l'jroc/tlorc. Genus 2. Jovius.j: H=6— 7. G=6.5— 7.1. Contain tin, Sp. 1. J. quadratus, Tin Ore. Genus 3. Ceritus. 11=5.5— G. G = 3.1— 3.2. Contain certain. 1. C. rhoinbobedrus, Ccritc. 2. C. rhombicus, Tlndite. Genus 4. Melanophjeus.^ . H =2.5— 6.5. G=2.1— 5.G. Color brown— black. 1. M. triclinatus, 2. M. Thoi-iferus, 3. M. acicularis, 4. M. (lammans, 5. M. obliquus, G. M. Laugicri, 7. M. Mengianus, ATI unite. Thorite. Or/ /lite. Pyrorthite. Gadolinite. Titan iferbus Ceritc. . EscJiynite. * Crossed like the letter X ; alludes to the commonly cruciform crystallization of this species. t Red and shining. t From Jupiter, the alclicmistic name of tin. ■) Mi\a;, black, and $at6s,Jrrown. 28 A New Miixralogical Nomcncla-tttrs. Sp. 8. M. quadratus, (Erstediu. 9. M. rectangulus, Polymignite. Genus 5. Columbus. H=5.5 — 6. G=5.8. — 8. Contain cohimlriiim. Sp. 1. C. hemiquadratus, Fergusonite. 2. C. Berzelii, Yttro-Columbitc. 3. C. rectangulus, Columbhe. Genus 6. Uranius. H=5.5. G=6.4 — 6.5. Contain uranium. Sp. 1. U. amorphus, Pitchblende. Genus 7. Wolframius. H=6 — 5.5. 0=7.1 — 7.4. Contain lungsttn- Sp. 1. W. rectangulus, Wolfram. Genus 8. Manganus. H=l — 6.5. G = 3.1 — 4.9. Contain manganese. Sp. 1. M. acrotomus, Haitsmannilc. 2. M. peritomus, Braunite. 3. M. informis, Psllomclanc. 4. M. Cuprifcrus, Cujnxous Manganese. 5. M. rhombicus, Manganite. G. M. prismaticus, I'l/rolusitc. 7. M. Cobalticus, Earthy Cobalt. 8. M. terrenus, Wad. Genus 0. Siderus.* H=4— 6.5. G = 5.2— 5.3. Contain iron. Sp. 1. S. Chromicus, Chromic Iron. 2. S. fibrosus, Crocidolite. 3. S. Hisingeri, Hisingerite. 4. S. rhombicus, Yenite. 5. S. haematicus.t Brown Iron Ore. 6. S. rhombohedriis, Specular Iron. 7. S. octabedrus, Magnetic Iron Ore. 8. S. Zinciferus, FranJclinitc. * Ei(i>ipos, iron. t "Af/mriKiJt, bloody, in allusion to the color of the powder. A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. 89 Sp. 9. S. acrotomus, Crichtonite. 10. S. Mohsianus, Mohsite. ORDER VIII. METALLINE A. Genus 1. Ferrum. Sp. 1. F. octahedrum, Iron. Genus 2. Platinum. Sp. 1. P. cubicum, Platinum. Genus 3. Iridium. Sp. 1. I. hexagonum, Iridium. Genus 4. Palladium. Sp. 1. P. octahedrum, Palladium. 2. P. rhombicum, Selen-palladite. Genus 5. Aurum. Sp. 1. A. cubicum, Gold. 2. A. rhombicum, Auro-tclluriit . Genus 6. Argentum. Sp. 1. A. octahedrum, Silver. Genus 7. Hydrargyrum . Sp. 1. H. fluidum, Mercury. 2. H. dodecahedrum, Amalgam. Genus 8. Plumbum. Sp. 1. P. octahedrum, Lead. Genus 9. Bismutum. Sp. 1. B. octahedrum, Bismuth. 2. B. Argenticum, Bismuth- Silver. Genus 10. Cuprum. Sp. 1. C. octahedrum, Copper. 30 . I New Mineralofrical Nomenclature. Ccnus. 11. Tellurium. Sp. I . T. hexagonum, Tellurium. Genus 12. Stibium. Sp. I. S. rhombohedrum, Antimony. ■2. S. rhombicum, Antimonial Silver, Genus 13. Arsenium. Sp. 1. A. rhombohgdrum, Arsenic. ORDER IX. PYRITINEA. ( J en us 1. Argyiutes.* H=4— 6.5. G=C— 9.4. Color white, or slightly reddish. Sp. l . A. Argentcus, Arsenical Silver. 2. A. eutomus, Nickel- Stibine. 3. A. hexagonus, Antimonial Nickel. 4. A. cupricolor, Gapver-Nickel. White Nickel. 5. A. Hoffmanni, 6. A. decrepitans, Nickel- Glance. 7. A. acrotomus, LcucojH/ritc. 8. A. peritonitis, Mispickel. 9. A. octahedrus, Smalline. 10. A. hemi-cubicu*, Cobultine. I.J. A. Karsteni, Terarscnid of Cobalt. 12. A. cubicus, 1 'a! ml tic Pyrites. 13. A. Manganicus, Arscnid of Manganese. Genus 2. Pyrites. H=3— 6.5. G=4.5- -G. 1 . Yellowish — yellow. Sp. 1. P. hexagonus, Magnetic Pyrites. 2. P. rhombicus, White Iron-Pyrites. 3. P. cubicus, Iron-Pyrites. 4. P. alliaceus, Arscnid of Copper. 5. P. erubescens,t Variegated Pyrites. 6. P. pyraniidalis, Cojipcr-Pyriles. 7. P. capillaris, Capillary Pyrites. * Apy»(»><, silver ; refers to the color. t Blushing ; alludes to tho reddish tarnish the mineral speedily assumes on oxposure A Nciv Miiicratogical Nomenclature. ■;i ORDER X. GALINEA. Clonus 1. Cyprites.* H=2.8— 4. G=4.3 — 5.8. Contain eoppa Sp. 1. C. cubicus, TwrPyrites. 2. C. tctrahcdrus, Gray Copper. 3. C. reclangulus, Bournonite. 4. C. dodccahedrus, Tennantite. 5. c. rliombicus, Genus 2. H = 1.5— 1.4, G=5 Vitreous Copper. LuNlTES.t .5 — 8.5. Contain stiver. Sp. 1. L. Selenicus, Eucairite. 2. L. Cupricus, Spromeyerite. 3. L. dodecahedrus, Vitreous Silver. 4. L. Telluricus, Telluric Silver. 5. L. Auricus, Graphic Tellurium. 6. L. rhombohedrus, Pohjbasite. 7. L. rbombicus, Brittle Si/nr Ore. 8. L. peritomus, Antim. Sulphuyet of Silver. 9. L. Molybdicus, Molybtlic Silvi r. Sp. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Genus 3. Lycites.J H=2 — 3.5. G=4.5 — 5.8. Contain antimony. L. diatomus, Grray Antimony. L. Bertliieri, Berihierite. L. Zinkcni, Zinkenite. L. acrotomus, Jameson itc. L. alliaceus, Arsenical Antimony. Genus 4. Plttmbites. H = 1.5— 3. G = G.8— 8.5. Contain lead. Sp. 1. P. cubicus, Galena. 2. P. Cobalticus, Cobaltic Galena. 3. P. Selenicus, Claustkalite. * Kvirpos, copper. t From Luna, the nlchemialic name "I silver. t Awoi, a wolf; gray antimony was called " lupi mists. mctallorum," by tlie alclic- 32 A New Mincralogical Nomenclature. Genus 5. Elasmites.* H = l— 1.5. G=4.2.— 8.2. Structure foliated. Sp. 1. E. quadratus, 2. E. lboinbicus, 3. E. rhoinboideus, 4. E. hexasronus, Foliated Tellurium. Slcrnbergite. Flexible Silver. Molybdenite. Genus 6. Bismites.+ H=2 — 2.5. G=6. 1 — 7.6. Very fusible. Contain bismuth. Sp. 1. B. rectangulus, Sulphuret of Bismuth. 2. B. acicularis, Acicular Bismuth. 3. B. rhombohedrus, Telluric Bismuth. Genus 7. Zincites. G=5.5. — 5.6. Contain zinc. Sp. 1. Z. flamnians, Rionitc. ORDER XL ADEL1NEA. Genus 1. Acarpia.J H=3.5— 4. G=3.9— 4.1. Sp. 1. A. cubica, 2. A. dodecabedra, Manganblcnde. Blende. Genus 2. H=i— 1.5 Sp. 1. C. rhomboidea, Genus 3. H=2— 2.5. G=5.2— 8.1. Sp. 1. R. obliqua, Miargyritc 2. R. rhombohedra, 3. R. florida, 4. R. peritoma, Cerasia.^ G=4.5— 4.6. Red Antimony. Rubella. Dark-Red Silver. Light-Red Silver. Cinnabar. * EXnn/za, a plate of metal. t Contracted from bismutites, which is derived from bismutuin, the Latin of bismuth. t Axapnot, sterile ; alludes to the difficulty of reducing the species to the me- tallic state. 5 Cerasus, the cherry tree ; in allusion to the color. A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. 33 Genus i. Euchroa.* H = l.5— 2. G=3.4— 3.7. Sp. 1. E. rubella, Realgar. 2. E. aurea, Orpvment. ORDER XII. THE1INEA. Genus 1. Sulphur. Sp. 1. S. pyramidal is, Native Sulphur. CLASS III.— HYPOGjEA. ORDER I. PITTINEA. Genus 1. Mellis. H=2 — 2.5. G = 1.5 — 1.6. Transparent — translucent. Color light. Sp. 1. M. pyramidalis, Mcllitc. Genus 2. Succinum. H=2 — 2.5. G = l — 1.1. Transparent — translucent. Color light, Sp. 1. S. Electrum, Amber. Genus 3. STEATUS.t G=0.65. Whitish. Crystalline. Sp. 1. S. acicularis, Scheererite. Genus 4. Bitumen. H=0 2.5. G=0.8 — 1.2. Amorphous. Solid individuals opaque, or *ui- translucent. Sp. 1. B. fragrans, Rctinitc. 2. B. flexile, Mineral-Caoutchouc. 3. B. commune, Bitumen. * E%>oo $ , fi nel V colored, + Ertaft/at. VOL. IV. 5 34 A New Mincralogical No?nenclaturc. ORDER II. ANTHRACINEA. Genus 1. Anthrax. Lustre unmetallic. Sp. 1. A. bituminosus, Bituminous Coal. 2. A. lapideus, Anthracite. Genus 2. Plumbago. Lustre metallic. Sp. 1. P. scriptoria, Chaphite. Fossil Fishes of Connecticut and Massachusetts, with a notice of an undescribed genus. By John Howard Redfield, Member of the Lyceum. Read December 12, 1836. With the exception of the teeth and vertebrae of sharks, found in the cretaceous formation of the Atlantic coast, the fossil remains of fishes hitherto discovered in the United States, have, for the most part, been confined to the new red sandstone of the Connecticut river valley. Through this formation they are very generally diffused, having been found at Sun- derland, West-Springfield, and Deerfiekl, in Massachusetts' and at Glastonbury, Middletown, Berlin, and Durham, in Connecticut.* They are in most cases found in the bituminous shale, which, in character, sometimes approaches a mica- ceous sandstone. These interesting remains have not, how- ever, received that degree of attention to which they are en- titled from their importance in a geological point of view. Few attempts have been made to determine their species, and such accurate published descriptions as might serve for a comparison with European ichthyolites, have been entirely wanting. This circumstance, however, will not excite surprise, when we reflect that the fossil fishes of Europe, though found in all her museums and collections, have, until lately, been for the most part ne- glected and undescribed. Before we can venture to pronounce upon the distinctive character of the natural productions of a new world, we must, of course, be acquainted with those of the old ; and it is for this reason, that in the course of investigation, * I have lately been informed that Professor Shepard has discovered fossil fishes at Southbury, Connecticut, in the small basin of red sand stone, which forms part of the valley of the Housatonic. 30 Fossil Fi.s/n.s we must so often rely upon transatlantic naturalists for a foun- dation on which to build our'labors. In the third volume of the American Journal of Science, Professor Silliman has described a locality of ichthyolites at Westfield, the western parish of Middletown, Conn., and also states that a specimen from this place, which he sent to Brong- niart, was recognized by the latter as a species of the Palceo- thrissum of Blainville. In the sixth volume of the American Journal, and also in the " Report upon the Geology of Massa- chusetts," Professor Hitchcock has described the locality of Sunderland, and has given figures of two or three species found at this place, which he says probably belong to the genus Pa- laothrismm. In neither of these notices arc we furnished with any distinctive description of the fishes ; but the figures of Pro- fessor Hitchcock serve to show that their originals arc referable to two genera widely distinct. Dr. Dekay, some years since, read a paper before this so- ciety, upon the fossil fishes of Westfield, in which he pointed out the close affinity between the former and the existing Esox osscus, or the Lepisdsteus of French authors. This paper has never been published. Professor Agassizj well known for his valuable labours in this department of natural science, has, in his great work now in course of publication, described but two species of fossil fishes from the United States, and these descriptions arc founded, in part, upon the drawings of Professor Hitchcock, to which we have alluded, and in part upon single specimens of each which had found their way to Europe. The first of these is seen in fig. 4G, plate 14, of Hitchcock's Report, and is referred by Agassiz to his genus Palceonis'cus, under the name of P.fulUis, comprehending in this genus, both the Pala-onisam and Fdr laothrissum of Blainvilla. The other species described is seen in figs. 45 and 48 of tin: same plate, and is designated as Eimj- nolns tenuiceps. To this species I shall have occasion again to refer. of Connecticut and Massachusetts. -i? Most of the specimens accompanying this communication were found about four miles S. W. of Middletown, at a spot known by the local name of " Saw Mill Hollow." The remaining specimens are from a locality about five miles north of the latter in the parish of Wcstfield. The latter sectional name has some- times been confounded with Westfield, Mass., at which place I am not aware that any ichthyolites have been found, although its geological character differs little from that of the other towns of the Connecticut river valley. In the locality first mentioned, the bituminous shale in which the fishes are found occurs inter- stratified with the sandstone, and is exposed to view at the bottom of a ravine, twenty or thirty feet in depth, which has been ex- cavated by the action of a small stream. The strata both here and at Westfield are nearly horizontal. Some layers of the shale abound, not only in remains of fishes, but also in those of vege- tables, apparently endogenous, while others are nearly destitute of both. The substance of the fish, as well as that of the vege- table, is converted into carbonaceous matter, and it is observ- able that while the form of the scales and rays is perfectly and beautifully preserved, there are no traces of the bones remaining. According to Agassiz, this is almost universally the case with the individuals of the family Lcjndoidcs, to which these belong. The specimen, No. 9, # is a large well marked individual of the Palctoniscus fultus, Agass. a species characterized by the size and strength of the anterior accessory rays of the (ins. No. 10 is probably referable to the same species. The specimens numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, with probably most of the fragments accompanying them, are entirely distinct from the above, and constitute a genus hitherto undescribed, presenting the following characters : Body fusiform, covered with rhomboidal scales, which ex- tend obliquely across it, and parallel with its length. Beaks Tho numbers refer to specimens now in the collection of the Lyceum, 38 Fossil Fishes middling size. Head rather small, presenting a finely granu- lated surface resembling shagreen. Bach but slightly arched. Pectoral fins middling. Ventral small, inserted midway be- tween pectoral and anal. Anal large. Dorsal middling, situ- ated opposite the posterior part of the anal. Tail forked, equi- lobed.* Scales extending a little upon the base of the upper lobe. All the fins have a series of ray lets inserted obliquely upon the first or anterior ray, producing a serrated or denticu- late appearance. In this species these raylets are very fine and close, presenting a strong contrast with those of the Pa- leeoniscus J'uUus, where they are so long and stout as to render the term serrate inapt. The succeeding rays have an articulate appearance, and are finely subdivided toward their extremities. The following list of the number of rays in each fin may serve to give an idea of their relative size : Pectoral, large and strong, 10 to 12. Ventral, - - - about 8. Dorsal, ----- 10 to 12. Anal, - - - - - 20 to 30. Caudal, - - - - - 30 to 40. A remarkably perfect specimen of this species, from the same locality, is now in possession of the Yajc Natural History So- ciety, at New Haven, and is represented in Plate I.t In the arrangement of Agassiz, the fish described above would be comprehended in the order Ganoidcs, and family Lejri- doides. Its equilobcd tail would assign it to the second di- vision of the family, the Homocerci, as he lias termed them. From seven fusiform genera now arranged in this division it is * This indeed is not strictly the case. Its structure, however, is analogous to thai of the Semionotus, ranked hy Agassiz among the Homocerci, and differs most decidedly from that of the line lliinrocerci, where the scales, and probably the vertebras, extend to the extreme point of the upper lobe. t Among the specimens deposited with that society is a species of Palcconis- cus, which differs not only from the /'. Julius, but from the other numerous species of this genus, in its form and proportions, and which I have ventured to name, from this peculiarity, P. talus. Sec Plate II, of Connecticut and Massachusetts. 39 entirely excluded by the posterior position of its dorsal. It may therefore be ranked between the genera Semionotus and Pholi- dopliorus, being analogous to both in the structure of the tail, and in its serrated fins, and to the latter in the articulation of the rays. From the situation of the dorsal fin, I have thought the name Catoptems to be applicable to this new genus. This name was originally applied by Agassiz to the genus D'qitcrus of Sedgewick and Murchison, but he was afterwards induced to reject it, and restore the name given by the latter. I therefore see no objection to naming the species Catojitcriis gracilis. The specimen marked, No. 11, appears to be identical with figs. 45 and 48 of Hitchcock, named by Agassiz, Eurynotus tenuiccps. The genus Eurynotus is described by Agassiz as having the anterior rays of the dorsal large and prolonged, and the divisions of the tail unequal. In the figures of Professor Hitchcock, it is die posterior rays of the dorsal which are prolonged, and the tail represented as square and truncated. To reconcile these figures with his generic description, Agassiz has supposed the specimen of Hitchcock to have lost die long anterior rays of the dorsal, and the tail to have been inadver- tently drawn truncated, instead of forked. This latter suppo- sition was not indeed improbable, as the same error is found in the figure of the Palaoniscus fultus. The specimen of this species, seen in England by Agassiz, and which he has figured, is defective in a very important point, inasmuch as not only the dorsal fin, but also nearly the whole of the back and part of the tail are wanting. But the specimen before us, if it be the same species figured by Hitchcock, shows that he was correct in the representation of the dorsal,* but, unfortunately, it can * Since writing the abovo, I have been assured by Professor Hitchcock, that his figure is correct in tho representation of iho dorsal, and that its peculiar form could not have been accidental, as he had in his possession numerous individuals of this species, all of which coincide in this particular 40 Fossil Fishes. throw no light upon the structure of the tail, the lower part of the individual being wanting. It, however, renders it almost certain that the species cannot be comprehended in the genus Eurynolus as described by Agassiz, and it will not unlikely prove the representative of another new genus. It has of late years been generally admitted that the sand- stone from which these fishes are derived is of much later date than the old red sandstone, to which it was once referred, and these remains confirm this belief. The Talceonisci of Europe have never been found below the coal measures, while they ex- tend upward to the copper slate of the zcchstein or magnesian limestone. In the case before us, we find a species of Palceo- niscus accompanied by a fish, the structure of whose tail ap- proaches that of the Pholidophorus, and of other fishes never found below the lias. This fact would seem to imply for this formation, even a higher situation in the series than that which is now assigned it by geologists. A careful and extended ex- amination of the fossil fishes of this deposit, undertaken by able and experienced naturalists, is much needed, and would pro- bably decide the question of its relative age. On the Affinities of Ceratophyllacea.. 41 Remarks on the Structure and Affinities of the Order Ceratophyllacea. By Asa Gray, M. D. Read, February 20, 1837. The fruit and seed of the genus Ceratophyllum, Linn, were first correctly described and figured by Gaertner,* so long ago as the year 1778 ; a fact worthy of especial notice, since an erroneous view respecting the structure of the seed has been introduced into every subsequent systematic Work that has fallen under my notice, in which an account of that organ is attempted. The only error in the description of Gaertner, is that of considering the proper cotyledons as a separate organ, which (in this as in a few analogous cases) he calls the vitellus ; but it should be borne in mind that the admirable work of this author was prepared at a period when the nature of the embryo was very imperfectly understood. L. C. Richardt first pointed out the most remarkable pecu- liarity in the structuie of the embryo, which consists in the presence of four (apparent) cotyledons and a highly developed plumule. Jussieu,J who evidently knew very little of the genus, referred it to the order Naiades ; a very heterogeneous assem- blage as originally constituted, the twelve genera included in it having been since ascertained to belong to at least seven different families. * De Fruct. et. Sem. Ptantarum, 1, p. 212, t. 44, fig. 2. t Analyse du Fruit, 1808. t Gen. Plantarum. p. 18. 6 42 On the Affinities of Ceratophyllutece. The order Cerat&phyllacete, indicated, perhaps, by Richard, was described, in the year 1821, by Samuel Frederick Gray, in a work entitled, A Natural Arrangement of British Plants ;* wherein it is correctly characterized, except that the radicle is said to be superior, i. e. to point towards the summit of the peri- carp. Were this the case, it would necessarily follow, inas- much as the seed is suspended, that the radicle should be turned towards the hilum, or, in other words, that the seed is anutrojious; whereas, on the contrary, the ovule of Cerato- phyllum is really orlhotropous, and the radicle inferior A This erroneous view would scarcely require such especial notice, since Gartner has correctly described the seed in these re- spects.J were it not for the extraordinary fact of its inadvertent adoption in the Prodomits of De Candolle, the Introduction to the Natural System by Lindley, the OrJines Plantarum of Bartling, the last edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica,% (as well as in the Prodromus Flora Peninsula Indue Orientalis) by Arnott, and also in the second and greatly improved edition of Dr. Lindley's Introduction to the Natural System, published within the past year. The genus has also been recently revised by Chamisso,|| and several new species indicated, but no notice whatever is taken of the structure of the ovule and seed. It is not surprising that the true affinities of Geratophyllum should have been overlooked, so long as its real structure was misunderstood in such an important particular. The author * Vol. II. p. 554. f This important mistake can scarcely be attributed to inadvertence, since in the Corrigenda at the end of the volume, the author adds, " seed upright, pendulous," which, instead of being a correction, is an additional error. t " Semen fundo putaminis aflixum . . . Embryo crectus. . . . Radi- cula intra vitellum abscondita, in/era." — Gairtner, I. c. § Article Botany, p. 108. II Linnaa, 4, p. 503. On the Affinities of Cerutophyllactm 43 who first characterized the order, places it next to Haloragese, in which lie is followed by De Candolle, who arranges it between that family and Lythrari;c, to which it is annexed by Arnott* as a sub-order; but no affinity with either has been shown, beyond a vague resemblance in habit. Bartling, and also Lindley, in the first edition of the work above cited, consider the affinities of the order to be wholly unknown, the latter, however, suggesting the query whether it be allied to Podos- temeae. In the succeeding edition, Dr. Lindley takes a new and wholly unexpected view, considering the genus as a sub- order, or degeneration, of Urticaceas. I can perceive no par- ticular resemblance between Ceratophyllum and Urticaceae, except that the flowers of both are apetalous and diclinous, and the achenium one-seeded. It should be remarked, how- ever, that the erect seed of the Unices proper is orlhotropous, as was first pointed out by Brown.T This is certainly the case in Urtica, Bcehmeria, and Parietaria ; but the fact has been somehow overlooked by Dr. Lindley, who expressly states, in the second edition of the Inlroduclirm to the Natural System, that the radicle in Urticacese always points to the hilum ! Our attention is next directed to some observations con- tained in the excellent and elaborate Memoire sar la Generation et le Developptnmit de VEmbryon dans les Vcgetav.v pfianera- games, by Adolphe Brongniart,} which, as they have the merit * " Much as these suborders (Lythrariesc and Ccratopbyllea;) differ in appearance, we have the authority of Richard for uniting them. It must be confessed, however, that their chief great resemblance is iu the persistent calyx, free from, but surrounding the fruit." — Arnott, I. c. — I have never been so fortunate as to meet with the observation of Richard here alluded to. t Appendix to Capt. Tuckcy's Expedition to Congo (180S), p. 454. t Read before the Academic des Sciences in December 1826, and published the succeeding year in the 12th volume of the Annates des Sciences Nalurelles. 44 On the Affinities of Cerxttophyllacea. of being the only remarks extant which throw any light upon the true aifinities of Ceratophyllum, have also the misfortune of having been wholly overlooked by succeeding systematic writers. Under these circumstances it is proper to quote that portion of the observations of M. Brongniart which have a di- rect bearing upon the subject under consideration. They re- late, in part, to a remarkable peculiarity in the developement of the embryo of Ceratophyllum, which is also inferred to occur in the genus Nelumbium. " Si on examine 1' ovule du Ceratophyllum demcrsum au mo- ment de la floraison, on trouve qu'il est suspendu au sommet de la cavite de l'ovaire, et qu'il est compose" d'un seul tegu- ment ouvcrt a Vextremite opposed a son point d'insertion ; l'a- mande e"galement suspendue est formed d'une membrane cel- luleuse, mince, transparente, et se termine par un mamelon court, form6 par une sorte de petite couronne de cellules. Dans Pinterieur de cette amande, ou trouve le sac embryon- naire (the tercine of Mirbel ?) qui la remplit en entier ; il est. fixe" superieurement a la chalaze,"* &c. The passage above quoted suffices to show that M. Brongniart considers the ovule of Ceratophyllum as suspended and orthotropous, and the accompanying figurest so represent it. The author proceeds with an account of the embryo at its first develope- ment, when it appears as a minute green globule, situated, not within the nucule, but outside of it, and merely in contact with its orifice, from which the slightest force suffices to detach it. " II continue a s'accroitre pendant quelque temps en adh6- rant I6ge>ement a l'extre'mite' du sac embryonnaire ; rnais beintot il s'en degage et se dcveloppe dans la cavite" comprise entre la membrane de l'amande et ce sac ; il se divise en trois lobes, les deux lateraux se prolongent sous forme de cornes » Ann. Sciences Naturelles, 12, p. 251, et scq. f Op. eit t. 44. On the Affinities of Cenitop/tyllucea. 45 entre le sac embryonnaire et les parois de l'amande ; le lobe moyen repousse le sac embryonnaire, s'introduit danssa cavite", et finit par eU'e ainsi cnvelloppC- par se sac : il devient la gem- mule composee de deux folioles inferieures oppos^es et de plusieurs verticelles d'autres fueilles plus petites. " II est inutile d'insister ici sur l'analogie qui existe entre cet embryon et celui du Nelumbo. II est Evident que les deux lobes externes sont analogues aux deux grands lobes arrondis de l'embryon du Nelumbo, que le sac qui enveloppe la gem- mule est le meme qui contient celle du cette plante, .... enfin que la gemmule, tres d6velopp6e de ces deux plantes contient egalement une premiere paire des feuilles oppo- ses, et en outre d'autres petites feuilles analogues pour les disposition aux autres feuilles de la plante."* A remarkable resemblance being thus indicated between the embryo of Ceratophyllum and that of Nelumbium, it becomes important to learn whether a corresponding agreement exists as to the structure of the seed in other respects. Little or no in- formation, however, is to be derived from systematic works respecting the situation of the seed in the pericarp, and the re- lation of the radicle to the hilum, in Nelumbium. The figures of Richardt and Gaertner| throw some light upon the question ; but, on examination of the fruit, the radicle is at once perceived to be inferior and the seed suspended, and, consequently, orthotropous, as in Ceratophyllum. The points of agree- ment, therefore, between the two genera chiefly consist in the simple, one-seeded ovaries, the suspended, orthotropous, ex- albuminous seeds, the large and fleshy cotyledons situated outside of the membrane of the nucule, and the unusually de- veloped plumule (consisting of a pair of primordial leaves and * Op. cit.p. 253. t Analyse du fruit, t. 5, fig. 6; and Ann. du Museum, 17, t. 9, fig. 50 and 57. Op, tit. 1, t. 19. 46 On the Affinities »r On Two Species of Molossus inhabiting the Southern United States. By William Cooper. Read February 20, 1837. The great Prussian zoologist Pallas, in his Sficilegia Zoologica, Fascicle IV. p. 8, suggests the name of Molossus for a South American Bat, which had been previously made known by Buffon and Daubenton, giving at the same time a figure of the cranium, and pointing out some peculiarities in its dentary system which distinguished it from all" the other then known species. Accordingly it became the Vcspcrtilio molosstis of Gmelin, in whose Sy sterna it forms a distinct sec- tion, characterized as already indicated by Pallas. M. Geoffroy St. Hilaire having undertaken a revision of the great genus Vcspcrtilio, proposed in the sixth volume of the Annates du Museum, the V. molossus of Pallas and Gmelin as the type of a separate group, for which he adopted the name of Molossus, and added several other species, all natives of South America. IJliger afterwards changed the name of this genus to Dysopes, which is also employed by M. Temminck in preference to the original name, but as the alteration seems to have been introduced without sufficient necessity, we shall with Cuvier adhere to that first proposed by Pallas. This genus, extended so as to include the Nyctinomus of Geoffroy, forms the subject of an excellent memoir in the Monographies de Mammalogie of Temminck. Nyctinomus was originally founded on an Egyptian Bat, and the spe- cies were for a time supposed to be confined to Asia and Africa, until M. Geoffroy the younger himself referred to the same genus the Molossus 7iasutus of Spix, under the name of [•« Two Species of Molossus. 66 Nijctinomns brasiliensis. The geographical distinction being thus done away with, and M. Temminck finding in the young Molossi all the characters of the Nyctinomi has united them in one. The Dinops of M. Savi, founded on a species observed in Italy, there appears reason to believe is also a species of Molossus, which thus proves to inhabit every quarter of the old continent. The fact of the existence of this genus in North America, and especially so far north as the United States, has not been hitherto made known, or scarcely suspected. Among several collections of Bats from Carolina and Georgia that have been recently submitted to my inspection, I find two apparently distinct, which are clearly species of Molossus, and much re- lated to some of the smaller ones so well illustrated in the work of M. Temminck. 1. Molossus cynocephalus. Plate HI. Fig. 1. the head. fig. 2. Nycticea cynocephala, Le Conte in App. to Transl. of Cuv. R. A. I. p. 442, sp. 3. Rhinopoma carolincnsis, Geoff.? Desm. Mamm. p. 130 ? Description. Color entirely sooty brown, darker above, paler beneath. Ears with a very short rounded tragus, and remarkable for being singularly and regularly crimped or fluted on their poste- rior half. Numerous stout bristles about the face. Muzzle broad, and lips thick and pendant, giving the ferocious expres- sion characteristic of the genus. The wings long, and suffi- ciently ample ; the interfemoral membrane naked, and partly sustained by a slender bony process from the hind foot, the tail extending half an inch beyond it. The tibia and fibula short and robust, and included in the membranes their whole VOL. iv. 9 66 Two Species of Molossus. length. Toes nearly equal in length, the two outer rather more robust, and woolly on the outside, and all furnished with fine long hairs springing from the roots of the nails, and forming a fringe on the inner side of the foot. The fur is of a close and velvetty texture, unlike the loose and long pelage of the northern Vespertiliones. Incisors -^- canines -^- molars -^- = 32. Total length 3.3 inches- Tail L3 " Fore arm 1.7' Tibia - - 0.5 " Spread - - - 10 - 5 "' I have described this Bat from a specimen furnished to m^ by Major Le Conte. The first and only notice of the species hitherto published is that given by this gentleman as above- quoted, unless it be the doubtful Rhinopoma carolincnsis, as supposed by my friend Dr.. Pickering. There is however no- appearance of any nasal appendage whatever, and it exhibits no- other affinity with that genus. Major Le Conte obtained' it in- Georgia, where as he informs me he has observed it in large numbers together. Dr. Bachman has also sent me several' specimens, and states that it is common about Charleston,, though he had not observed it elsewhere. No other writers appear to have met with it. The curious crimping of the ears is found in another species from Java, the Dijsopes tenuis of Temm. Monog. I. p. 228, pi. 19, fig. 2. The dentary for- mula is derived from the MS. notes communicated by Major Le Conte. Two Species of Molossus. 07 2. Molossus fultginosus. Plate III. Fig. 3. The head, fig. 4. Dysopes obscurus, Temm. Monog. I. p. 236, pi. XXII. fig 2. ? Rhinppoma carolinensis, Geoff". ? Desm. Manim. p. 130 ? Color sooty brown, paler beneath, ears blackish, wings dus- ky. Ears very broad and ample, occupying the whole side of the head, but not crimped like the preceding. Tragus small, but obvious. Muzzle prominent, face set with, long hairs, lips full, but less so than in the former species. Wings long and ample for the genus, with close, scattered, short whitish hairs on the under side. The interfemoval membrane naked, and •extending a quarter of an inch further than the wing membranes down the tibia, and terminating in a border, the wing mem- brane ending abruptly. The tail is robust, extending seven- tenths of an inch beyond the membrane. Outer toes fringed, and all furnished with a few long hairs like the former species. The fur is also similar, much resembling that of a common mole or scalops. Incisors -^- canines -|— r- molars ^-^-? — 30. 4 1—1 5—5 Total length 3.5 inches. Tail 1.4 " Fore arm ------ 1.5 " Tibia " Spread 9.6 " I have seen but a single specimen of this species, which was sent to the Lyceum of Natural History by Dr. Boykin, of Milledgeville, Georgia, where it was procured, and it appears to be altogether unknown to naturalists. With the exception of the legs, from which the bones had been removed and the skin unnaturally stretched, the specimen is in good preserva- 68 Two Species of Molossus. tion, and so prepared that most of the teeth can be examined without injury to it. The Dysopcs obscurus of Tcmminck bears a close resem- blance to our species, and may possibly prove to be the same, when better materials for comparison shall be obtained. The description of Rhbiopoma carolinemis applies equally to this species with the former, and in the number of lower incisors it corresponds still better with it. See Desmarest, Mamm. In order that naturalists may judge with what degree of pro- priety I have referred these Bats to the genus Molossus, and at the same time to complete their description, I shall subjoin the characteristics of that remarkable genus, as laid down by Temminck in his Monography, a work drawn up with great care from materials obtained by the examination of all the principal cabinets of Holland, France, England and Germany. DYSOPES. Illig. Temm. Vespertilio, Linn. Gmel. Molossus, Geoff. Cuv. Desm. Nyctinotnus, Geoff. Desm. Cheiromeles, Horsf. Dinops, Savi. Incisive teeth variable in number with age, £, |, £, or |, or even f in youth. The adult has constantly two upper incisors more or less apart, and converging towards the point. The lower small, bilobed, much crowded, (inferiores 6 conferti, LC.), and all or part of them falling out from the excessive development of the heel (or basal process) of the canine. Canine teeth ?,, the upper large, channeled in front, the lower as it were grafted on an immense heel touching, in the adult, exactly at the base, but spaced in the young, so as to ledge the incisives. Molar teeth f ; in some species a fifth tooth, or little rudi- mentary point, scarcely visible, between the canine and the first upper molar (molares superiores 5, anterioribus minutis, LC.) The total number of teeth very variable with age, so as to Two Species of Motossits. 69 serve to distinguish some species : the maximum is 32 or 34, and the minimum 24 or 26. M. Temminck observes, that notwithstanding these differ- ences in the teeth, there is no genus of animals, Fells and Pte- ropus perhaps excepted, more natural than that of Dysopes or Molossus in his view of it. He then gives die following natu- ral character as first drawn up by GeoflVoy, with some additions of his own. " They may be easily recognised by their savage physiognomy and the whole expression of their countenance ; their large head and broad muzzle had caused them to be compared to a bulldog, and designated under the name of Molossus ; their head is moreover increased in size by the ears, inclined over, and almost resting upon the eyes, and appearing more fit to protect the organ of sight, than to favor the perception of sound ; they originate very near the commissure of the lips, and after passing behind the auditory opening, they return for- wards to unite together on the forehead. The greater part of the Cheiroptera have the tragus of the ear placed in the audi- tory opening, it forms a sort of second inner ear, which then receives the name of auricle ; the Molossi differ from them by having this auricle situated forward and outside : it is round and pretty thick : in fine, the species of this genus may be fur- ther recognised by their tail, which is long, but with only one half engaged in the interfemoral membrane. Their tongue is soft; their mtizzle not furnished with bristles; and their nose has none of those membranes or funnel shaped cavities which distinguish the Vampyres, the Phyllostomes, &c. The nos- trils are a little prominent, open in front, and bordered by a raised edging. All the species have the hinder limbs very short, the fibula perfect, often as thick as the tibia, and suited by their divergence to serve for the attachment of the vigorous muscles of their feet ; their toes nearly all equal, with short and very crooked nails; all have silky hairs on their toes ; the outer or inner toe of the hind feet more or less free from the others, 70 Two Sj)ecies of Molossus. and in some degree opposable ; the thumb of the wing very short, strong and broad ; the upper lips ample, with numerous folds, the nostrils placed in a muzzle projecting beyond the lips ; but what is still more characteristic, is the apparent in- sufficiency of the flying membranes, entirely disproportioned to the volume of their large and heavy body ; their wings, with narrow and deeply cut membranes, are so disproportioned in some species, that one would say that the animal could scarcely make use of them to transport himself to a distance, and that they merely served as a parachute. Their hind feet are very short, the tibia and fibula well separated for their whole length, and of nearly equal thickness ; their muscles are vigorous, the toes armed with hooked nails, and the outer or inner toe free and entirely separated from the others." This description applies with remarkable exactness to both the Cheiroptera now under consideration, and the resemblance becomes still more obvious when we compare them with the excellent plates given by Temminck ; where may be found figured several species of similar dimensions, and otherwise closely allied to them, which inhabit Brazil and other parts of South America. From all these they may be readily known, D. cynoccphalus by its crimped ears, and D.fidiginostis by its long legs and long and robust tail. The former differs moreover from all the genus in the short stiff bristles about the face, of which however a few are observed on the D. cheiropus of India. What Temminck remarks relative to the insufficiency of their organs of flight is not applicable to them nor the other smaller American species. The wings are indeed narrow in comparison with the Vespertiliones, but long, and no doubt capable of a protracted flight. I regret that I can furnish no particulars of the habits of these singular animals, but the attention of our naturalists being now turned to the subject, it is to be hoped that the most ample details concerning them will not long be wanting. On Two Species of Plecotus inhabiting the Untied State* Territory. By William Cooper. Read April 3, 2837. Although the species which afford the type of this genus or group of Cheiroptera, are sufficiently striking in their ap- pearance, and are common in the populous parts of Europe, it was not until the publication of the great work on Egypt that they were first proposed by G. St. Hilaire as distinct from the ordinary Vcspertilioncs. The only ones then known were two European, and one from the island of Timor. They are characterised, besides what is common to them with the other Bats, by the union of the base of the auricular conchs, which are always remarkably ample, and sometimes enormous. Our North American species, as we shall presently find, are further distinguished by two large fleshy appendages in the form of crests, situated between the eyes and nostrils. Mr. Isidore G. St. Hilaire, published in March 1832, a valuable memoir on this genus, in which he enumerates eight species from various and remote parts of the globe. He sub- divides them into those with ears of enormous size, (in some instances as long as the entire body,) and those which are merely ample. In the first he places four species, of which three are found in Europe, one being also common to Egypt, and the fourth brought from the southern hemisphere by Peron. Of those belonging to the second subdivision one is European, one Asiatic, and the two others American, one being from the island of Porto Rico and the other from Brazil. This last is much the largest of the known species, and the Vcaperlilio 72 Two Species of Plecotus. (Plecotus) Maugei of Porto Rico, is the only one which can be suspected of any specific similarity with those we have here described. But if it be in reality identical with one of ours, the description at present extant must be both too inaccurate and too incomplete to supersede the necessity of a new one. 1. Plecotus lecontii. Pi-ate III. Fig. 5. the head. Plecotus macrotis LC. in App. to Mc Murtric's Cuv. 1. p. 431. Vespertilio Maugei, Desm. Mamm. p. 145? Idem Nou. Diet? Plecotus Maugei, Is. Geoff. Mag. de Zool. 1832 ? Longhaired Bat, Penn. Arct. Zool. 1. p. 1S4. Clayton in Phil. Trans. Description. Color of the back dusky, terminated with light brown, ap- pearing somewhat variegated if the hairs be disturbed, fur long, soft and close. The remaining upper parts are naked, with the exception of the base of ears behind, and their anterior lower border, which is fringed with fine soft hairs, and a few long fine hairs at the toe joints ; the membranous parts of a uniform light brown like the back. The ears are larger than the head, and half as broad as long, the auricle less than half the length of the ears, narrow, sublinear, obtuse, and curving slightly outward. The nose round, set with numerous fine long hairs, and " a very large erect cristiform warty excrescence on each side between the eyes and the nose." The under side of the body clothed with fur, which is very dark dusky at the base with very light gray tips, which predominate over the dusky more and more downward until it becomes between the legs almost a pure white. Tail slightly projecting beyond the membrane. Two Species of Plecotus. 73 Incisors -|- canines -~ molars -t|_=36. Total length -- 3.4 inches. Ears, (in the dried sp.) ------- 1.0 " Tail .... 17 « Pore arm ----------- 1.6" Tibia 0.8 " Spread 10.0 " The Vespertilio Maugei of Desmarest, described from a specimen brought from Porto Rico by Mauge, appears from his description greatly to resemble this above described. The discrepancies, which may be owing to his having only a pre- served specimen, are nevertheless too great to allow us to admit their identity without great doubts. Major Le Conte procured it in Georgia, where it appears to be tolerably com- mon, and Dr. Bachman has also sent it to me from Charleston. Clayton's " Bat with long hair and great ears " appears to be this species. The name maci'otis I have ventured to supersede, as being in nowise distinctive of the species, but in reality derived from a generic character, which in some species is still more devel- oped than in the present. The ears being therefore rather small for the genus, this name becomes contradictory ; and no American naturalist will regret the opportunity thus afforded of paying a well merited tribute to the discoverer of so many rare and remarkable animals of this country. 2. Plecotus Townsenbii. Plate 3. Fig. 6, the head. Description. Fur on the back dusky at base, brown at the tips, with a- ferruginous cast, the two tints appearing nearly uniform, and VOL. iv. 10 74 Two Species of Plecotus. not strongly contrasted as in the preceding species. The ears are also fringed with fur in the same manner. Beneath, the fur is of a reddish cinereous or ochreous hue, lighter towards the tail, but not in the least whitish. The nose is similar, but the fleshy crests between the eyes and nostrils appear to be still larger, and in the preserved specimens are much more conspicuous. The ears are similar, though every way more ample in the present, and presenting a different outline imme- diately after rising from the forehead ; the auricle broader and larger. The wing and tail membranes are entirely naked, dusky, of a thicker texture, and much more strongly reticulated than in the first species. Incisors -j- Total length Ears - - Tail - - - Fore arm - Tibia - - Spread - - l—l i r molars 6-0 =36. 3.8 inches. 1.1 1.7 1.8 0.8 11.0 Three specimens of this very distinct new species were brought from the Columbia river by Mr. John K. Townsend, where he procured them on his late journey in company with Mr. Nuttall. It is very like the P. Le contii, but they may be readily known by the color of the under part of the body, besides which they differ in almost all their details of color and proportions, the present being a larger and more robust animal. Together they seem to form a small group in the genus, characterized by the double fleshy crest of the nose, which is not mentioned as occurring in any other species. I regret being obliged to describe these two Bats from dried specimens, in which state the most characteristic marks, espe- cially about the head, are often difficult to detect, whatever pains are taken. I have used in describing the head of the Two Species of Plecotus. 75 first species, the language of Major Le Conte, from whose notes I have also copied the dental formula. Vesjpertilio megalotis, Rai, Plecotus Iiafinesquii, Lesson, which is described as having the auricle as long as the ears, cannot be either of our species. I am not acquainted with any other species within the United States. Discovery of the Vauquelinite, a rare ore of Chromium, in the United States. By J. Torrey. Read April 27, 1835. About five years ago some specimens of lead ores were pre- sented to me for examination by Professor Moore of Columbia College. They were taken from a mine near the town of Singsing, in the state of New- York, about one mile south of the State Prison. The mine had been wrought for silver nearly as long ago as the period of the American revolution, and has occasionally been opened since that time. In 1827 a company was formed for the purpose of working it, under the impression that it contained a rich vein of silver. In Cleaveland's mineralogy (ed. 2, p. 536) native silver is said (on the authority of Col. Gibbs) to occur at Singsing, in a very small vein. Mr. F. Cozzens obtained a specimen of the native metal in that locality in the year 1825. The company just alluded to, had the old shaft cleared out, and also made, I believe, a horizontal opening communicating with the shaft, from the side of the hill. A few barrels of ore were taken up, and the enterprize abandoned. The specimens that I exam- ined consisted of common galena, associated with copper pyrites, crystallised carbonate of lead, malachite, and an ochery looking substance. The carbonate of lead was mostly in small prismatic crystals which had become blackened through- out, probably by the sulphuretted hydrogen disengaged from the decomposing pyrites, but they still retained their high ada- mantine lustre. Most of the lumps of ore, contained much of the ochery substance, which I found consisted of clay, oxide Discovery of the Vauquelinite. 77 of iron, and oxide of lead. The malachite was seldom in large pieces, but was occasionally well characterized. Mr. F. Cozzens found at the mine some fine specimens of green phosphate of lead. On carefully examining the specimens given to me by Pro- fessor Moore, I observed a green, and a brownish-green sub- stance, in small mammillary concretions, and also in a granular and subpulverulcnt form. The mammillary portions were from one to four lines in diameter. When broken they exhibited a radiating structure, and a resinous lustre. They were brittle, and yielded a greenish yellow powder. Before the blowpipe this substance grows darker and decrepitates, but preserves its green color. With borax it forms a fine green bead. Its powder boiled, with a solution of potassa, is decomposed, and the product yields a golden yellow solution. When ace- tate of lead is added to this solution, a copious yellow preci- pitate falls, having exactly the appearance of chrome-yellow. Nitrate of silver produced a crimson precipitate, and nitrate of mercurjr, a deep red. Some of the yellow alcaline solution, when concentrated by evaporation, yielded crystals agreeing in character with those of chromate of potassa. A few grains of the powdered mineral were mixed with fused chloride of sodi- um and placed in a tube-retort; on the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid, dense red vapours of peroxide of chromium were disengaged, part of which condensed into a liquid, resem- bling in all respects the liquid called chloro-chromic acid, by Dr. Thomson. The existence of chromic acid being now rendered certain, it only remained to determine the base or bases. A very few experiments showed that the acid was in combination with oxide of lead, and oxide of copper. Hence the mineral is a chromate of lead and copper, and is identical with the Vauquelinite of Berzclius, the cupreous chromate of lead of Cleaveland, and plomb chromi of Brongniart, (his plomb chromate' being the red chromate of lead.) The min- eral was first examined by Vauquelin, and noticed by him in 78 Discovery of the Vauquelinite. his analysis of the red lead ore of Siberia,* (the ore in which chromium was discovered by that celebrated chemist) ; but he does not appear to have regarded it as a distinct species. Cleaveland places it as a sub-sjjecies, after the chromate of lead. It was first, I believe, raised to the rank of a species by Leonard, and adopted by Berzelius, who notices it in his essay on the blowpipe, under the name of Vauquelinite. Most of the modern writers on mineralogy, consider it as distinct, both in chemical and ptrysical characters from the red ore of chrome.f In the system of Mohs, Vauquelinite is still placed in the ap- pendix which contains Xheproposed species, or such as are not yet fully established. It must occupy this place in any system based on physical characters alone, until its crystalline form can be clearly determined ; and unfortunately it has hitherto only been found, either massive, or in crystals so microscopic, that they cannot be submitted to the goniometer.^ The Vauquelinite is one of the rarest minerals known. Not- withstanding it is nearly forty years since it was discovered, there is but one undoubted locality of it recorded : this is the * This mineral is not a dioliromate as stated by Turner, (ed. 5. p. 570,) but a compound identical with tho ordinary artificial chrome yellow. It is only red in a crystalline state, and becomes yellow when reduced to powder, liko the red chromate of potassa, and some other red crystalline matters. When it was more abundant it was used as a yellow, not as a red pigment. There is, however, frequently occurring with the red lead ore, a distinct species, lately determined by Hermann, and called by him Melauochroito. It is crystallized, and its pow- der is of a red colour. Dr. Thomson (Outlines of Mineralogy, dec. 1. p. 661) regards it as a Subsesquichromate of Lead. f Dr. Thomson (1. c. p. 516) says that the Vauquelinite is a compound of two atoms of chromate of lead, and one atom of oxido of copper; but Berzelius (Traiti, 4. p. 365) calls it chromate plwinbico-cuivrique sesquibasique, and his yiew of its composition is probably correct. Tho results obtained by the analy- sis of Berzelius were Chromic acid - - - - 28.33. Protoxide of Lead - - 60.87. Oxide of Copper - - • 10.80. J Perhaps even these minute crystals are merely phosphate of lead. See Phillip's Mineralogy, p. 350. Discovenj of the Vauquelinite. 79 gold mine of Berezof, near Catharineberg in Siberia, where it accompanies the red lead ore. The green mineral found with the red chromate near Cocses in Brazil, may be the Vauque- linite. My motive for so long postponing an announcement of the discovery of this mineral in the United States, was merely a wish to make, first, a careful analysis of it; but I have been unable to do this, from the difficulty of obtaining a sufficient quantity of it for my experiments. After the mine was found not to be productive, the shaft was allowed to fall into ruin, and to become full of water, so that it is impossible to open the mine again without incurring considerable expense. I visited the place last year, for the purpose of exploring among the rubbish about the mouth of the mine, but I found only a few very poor specimens of the ore. A quantity of it was brought to this city some years since, but I have not been able to ascertain what became of it. As it may be several years before a new supply of the mineral can be obtained, I am in- duced to offer this imperfect notice to the Lyceum, hoping that it may induce some of our zealous mineralogists to visit the locality and clear out the shaft. I ought to state in con- clusion, that I have examined the splendid suite of Berezof specimens in the valuable cabinet of our associate Mr. Cramer, and I found his specimens of Vauquelinite to agree in every respect with the Singsing mineral. 80 New Genera and Species of An Account of several new Genera and Species of North American Plants. By J. Torrey. Macranthera Lecontii, Plate 4. Segments of the calyx entire, linear-lanceolate, scarcely one- third the length of the corolla. Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, from two to three feet high, simple, somewhat pubescent, obtusely quadrangular. Leaves nearly smooth on both sides ; lower ones ovate-lanceolate, opposite, petiolate, pinnatifi.lly lobed, with the segments entire or toothed; the upper ones oval, coarsely toothed ; those at the base of the peduncles quite entire. Flowers, in a terminal raceme, erect. Peduncles about an inch long, de- clined at the base, and curved upward towards the summit. Calyx sub- campanulate, deeply cleft; segments nearly equal, linear-lanceolate, from one-fourth to one-third the length of the corolla, acute. Corolla deep yellow, an inch long and 2 — 3 lines in diameter, somewhat cylin- drical and incurved, of a thick and pretty firm texture ; border 5-toothod ; the segments ovate-oblong, spreading. Stamens nearly equal, at first included, but at length much exserted, scarcely declined; filaments woolly, rather thick; anthers about 3 lines long, linear, sagittate at the base, somewhat cohering, woolly. Ovary ovate, acute, 2-celled, many-seeded. Style very long and slender. Stigma simple, very mi- nute. Capsule short, ovate, acuminate. IIab. In dry pine woods on the Alatamaha, in Liberty County, Georgia. Major Le Conte ! In bogs, Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman ! Flowers in September. Obs. This plant was discovered about seven years ago by Major Le Conte, from whom I received specimens marked, "A new genus, allied to Gerardia." I proposed for it the name Macranthera, but refrained from publishing it, in the ex- pectation that the discoverer himself would describe it, which however, he declined doing, kindly permitting me the favour of making known to botanists this interesting addition to our Flora. North American Plants. 81 A second species of the genus was shortly after received in a collection of plants gathered by Dr. Gates in Alabama, speci- mens of which were distributed by me under the generic name of Macranthera ; but before I was prepared to publish my ac- count of the new genus, it was described by Mr. Nuttall in the Journal of the Academy of Philadelphia,* under the name of Conradiafuschioidcs, that learned botanist not being aware that n genus belonging to the order Gesneriacea;,t had already been called Conradia by Martius, and hence Mr. Benlham, in his revision of the genera of Scrophularineoe,j: has adopted my name, which he found in Dr. Lindley's herbarium, but, by mistake, quotes it as Mr. Nuttall's. In the recent Synop- sis of the Gerardica:, published in the Companion to the Bo- tanical Magazine, edited by Sir W. J. Hooker, this error is corrected. Macranthera belongs to the tribe Gerardiecc of Bentham, in the order Scrophularinea;, and diffevs from Gerardia in its deeply parted calyx, tubular corolla with a small spreading border, and in the much exserted stamens. In the elongated stamens it resembles Esterhazya,|| but in that genus the calyx is only 5-toothed, and the corolla tubular-ca'mpanulate: the habit also is very different. Like nearly all the plants of the tribe Gerardiea;, both species of Macranthera turn black in drying. Mr. Bentham was only acquainted with M. fttschi- oides, in which the segments of the calyx are longer than the tube of the corolla, a character which he has introduced into his definition of the genus ; but in M. Leconlii the calyx is scarcely one-third the length of the corolla ; so that the generic character must be somewhat modified. * Vol. vii. p. 88, t. ii. and xii. I Nova gen. el. sp. &c., a work which had not reached this country at the date of Mr. Nuttall's publication. t Published in the Botanical Register for June, 1835. II Esterhazya of Mikan., and Benth. in Hook. comp. hoi. mag. p. 203 ; Virgu- laria, Martins Nov. gen. et. sp. 3, p ; Gerardia t) Dargeria, Cham, and Schlccht. (not of Benth.) VOL. IV. 11 82 New Genera and Species of AMPHIANTHUS. Calyx 5-parted, and unequal. Corolla tubular-inftmdi- buliform ; limb somewhat bilabiate, 4-lobed ; inferior lobe somewhat larger. Stamens 2, superior, included ; inferior ones wanting. Style simple ; stigma minutely bifid. Cap- sule obcordate, compressed, 2-valved, opening at the sum- mit; valves entire. Seeds numerous, naked, anatropous. — Herbaceous, minute, annual, throwing up filiform scapes; ra- dical leaves linear, sessile ; flowers solitary, both radical, and at the summit of the scapes. — Nat. Orel. SenoPBULAitiNEJE. Amphianthus pusillus. Hoot annual ; fibrous, the fibres compressed, linear. Stem very short, compressed, bearing a tuft of oblong-linear leaves at its summit. Leaves about 2 lines long, rather obtuse, entire, veinless, somewhat succulent. Scapes filiform and very slender, and 1 — li inch in length, compressed, bearing a single pair of opposite oval bracts at the top. Bracts nearly sessile, obtuse, somewhat succulent, obscurely 3-ncrvcd. • Flowers very minute ; radical ones 2 — 3 on each plant, attached to short recurved peduncles, which originate from the tuft of leaves; terminal ones soli- tary, nearly sessile between the bracleae (i. e. without any proper pe- dicel). Calyx 5-partcd ; the divisions oblong, erect, very obtuse, dotted with a number of minute glands. Corolla scarcely a line in length, white, straight, tapering downward ; limb somewhat dilated, slightly bilabiate, 4-lobed ; the lobes erect, rounded", and somewhat emarginate ; the inferior one larger. Stamens constantly 2, superior, scarcely half as long as the corolla; filaments slender, adnate the lower two-thirds of their length, smooth ; cells of the anthers approximated, subglobose. Ovarx) ovate, acute, compressed, surrounded at the base with a minute red disk, 2-cclled, many -seeded ; style rather larger than the ovary, subu- late; stigma minute, bifid gt the summit. Capsule broadly obcordate, compressed, opening along the edge at the summit; valves entire, con- vex ; dissepiment adhering to the valves. Seeds 10 — 15 in each cell, linear-oblong, fuscous, straight; embryo straight; cotyledons oblong, dis- tinct ; radicle oblong. Has. — Iii small excavations on flat rocks, where the soil is wet during the flowering season ; Newton County, Georgia. Flowers in March and April. Dr. M. C. Leavenworth ! North American Plants. 83 Obs. — Specimens of this minute plant were sent to me in the autumn of 183G, by the discoverer, and also byDr. Boykin, of Milledgeville, Georgia, who received them from Dr. Lea- venworth. It has hitherto been found only in one spot, where it occupies a space of four or five feet in diameter, to the ex- clusion of almost all other plants. It resembles, at first sight, a Callitriche; and when overflowed, the slender scapes, doubtless become natant. The plant belongs to the order Scrophulaiineaa, and is nearly allied to Veronica. Its characters and habit are, however, so peculiar, that there can be little doubt of its constituting a new genus. From Veronica it differs in its tubular-infundibuliform, 5-lobed, and somewhat bilabiate corolla. The most remarkable charcter of the plant, is its two- fold inflorescence ; part of die flowers being produced near the root, on short naked pedicels which originate among the radical leaves, while others are supported on long capillary bibrac- teate scapes. The flowers in both situations are perfect ; not like those of Amphicarpasa, some species of Polygala, and many VioJae, of which those produced near the root are incomplete. In Milium amyhicarpon Pursh, (of which Kunth has made a distinct genus) the subterranean flowers, as in the Amphianthus, are perfect, like those of the panicle. In describing the seeds I have used the term anatropous in the sense in which it is employed by Mirbel, and as explain- ed by Dr. Gray in his excellent Elements of Botany. Empetrum Conradii. Branches smooth ; leaves subverticillate and alternate, nar- row-linear, when young glandularly hispidulous, in the adult state smooth ; flowers aggregated in small capituli, terminal and axillary ; scales of the perianth 5 — 6, obovate-oblono-, smoothish ; stamens 3 — 4 ; style 3 — 4-parted ; ovary 3—4- celled. 84 New Genera and Species of Sempervirent, procumbent, and much branched, spreading in a cir- cular manner; ihc branches subverticillate and fasciculate, ascending at the extremity, invested with a loose gray cuticle, which separates and exposes a reddish bark. Leaves coriaceous, about five lines long, and scarcely half an inch in breadth, slightly pointed at the tip, crowded, particularly towards the summit of the branches, mostly somewhat ver- ticillate, but often opposite, and sometimes alternate ; the upper surface bright green, under a lens, (particularly in the young leaves) appearing covered with minute short glandular hairs, when old nearly smooth; the true margin remarkably revolute ; the edges nearly meeting on the under side ; apparent margin minutely denticulate ; petiole very short but distinct, articulated to the branches. Male Flowers sessile in tho axils of the leaves at the summit of the last year's branches. PcrianOi composed of 5 or G oblong, or obovate-oblong, smoothish scales, the inner ones scarcely petaloid, forming an oval bud, from the apex of which tho stamens protrude. Stamens mostly 3, sometimes 4 ; filaments 2 lines long, slender, smooth, inserted into a minute receptacle ; anthers roundish, two-celled, opening longitudinally on the outside, no rudiment of an ovary. — Fertile Flowers inconspicuous, collected in very small heads at the summit of the branches. Each head composed of 10 to 12 flowers, surrounded with a number of short brownish concave bracts. Scales of the perianth about 5, ohovatc, obtuse-, the inner ones smaller, tinged rose-color, nearly smooth. Ovary obovatc, 3 — 4-celled ; each cell containing a single ovule ; style three times as long as the ovary, purplish red, cleft below the middle; the divisions somewhat spreading. Hab. — Sandy fields in pine barrens near Cedar Bridge, Monmouth County, New Jersey! Also near Pemberton Mills, about ten miles from Burlington, in the same state, S. W. Conrad, Esq. ■' Obs. — This very interesting addition to the botany of the United States, was first discovered by the late Solomon W. Conrad, Esq. Professor of Botany in the University of Penn- sylvania, a short time before his death, but the infirm state of his health did not permit him to examine the plant. My friend Dr. Pickering, of Philadelphia, supplied me with some of Mr. Conrad's specimens, on which were a few male flowers, and afterwards the same plant without fructification, was North American Plants. 85 communicated to me by Mr. Rafinesque. A careful examina- tion of the scanty materials placed in my hands, soon con- vinced me that this little evergreen belonged to the order Em- petrel of Nuttall, and that it was a new species of Empetrum itself, or possibly of Ceratiola ; but the want of more perfect specimens, and especially of the fertile flowers, prevented my determining the genus with certainty until the present spring. About two years ago I made a visit to the locality at Cedar Bridge, pointed out to me by Mr. Rafinesque, for the pur- pose of obtaining the fruit. A large patch of it was found about one hundred yards south of the western tavern, near the roadside, and, on further search, a considerable quantity was discovered about four hundred yards south-east of the same tavern, in an open sandy space ; but I was unsuccessful in my search for the fructification. It is a true evergreen, growing prostrate in the pure white sand of that singular re- gion, and forming dense circular mats, a yard or two in dia- meter. The following year I procured a supply of the living plants, which, under the care of my friend A. J. Downing, Esq. ofNewburgh, have lately produced abundance of pistillate blossoms, but, for want of the staminate flowers, they will prove abortive. The genus Empetrum belongs to the small natural order Empetrere, which was first indicated by Mr. Nuttall in his Genera of North American Plants, (published in 1818) and characterized more fully by Mr. D. Don in the Edinburgh New Philosophical Magazine (1826). Hooker, in the Bo- tanical Magazine, (fol. 2758) has made some valuable remarks on the order, under the genus Ceratiola of Michaux. The only genera referred to it are Empetrum, Corema, and Cera- tiola, the whole including but five species, which are confined to Europe and Extratropical America. Bartling (Ord. Nat. p. 372) appears to have drawn the character of the order from Empetrum nigrum, since it accords very well with that plant, but does not agree in every respect with Ceratiola ; for he states the number of the stamens to be three ; and both this author and SG New Genera and Species of Dr. Lindley describe the fruit as from 3 to 9-celled, whereas Ceratiola has but two stamens, and a 2-celled, 2-seeded berry. In that genus, however, the ovary is perhaps many-celled in its young state, or rather is composed of many carpels, all of which are abortive except two, for the short style is divided into nu- merous stigmas, the number of which probably corresponds with that of the cells or carpels. In Corema the fruit is 3-celled. Jussieu referred to Ericeae the only genus of this order known to him, but without being satisfied with its station. Nut- tall correctly remarks that Empetreos resemble Ericeae only in their leaves, though I cannot agree with my learned friend in regarding them as closely allied to Conifcraj. Mr. Don, (with whom Lindley seems now to agree) thinks the order holds an intermediate place between Euphorbiaceoc and Celastrinea;. The new species here described has a strong resemblance to the E. album a native of Portugal, which D. Don, on ac- count of its 3-celled fruit, has separated from the other species of the genus, under the name of Corema.*. It has much the habit of E. rubrum, WilldA a native of the southern extremity of South America. It differs, however, in its much narrower leaves, which are not woolly on the margin, but merely fringed with short glandular hairs, and in its nearly smooth branches. The scales of the flower also are fewer in number, and of uni- form texture and appearance. All the individuals of this species that I saw at Cedar Bridge were probably pistillate, but I could discover none of the fruit, either on the plants or in the sand about them. It may seem remarkable that an evergreen shrub should so lono- have escaped detection, in a region which has been so much explored by botanists as the sandy district of New Jersey ; but many of the plants of those pine barrens are extremely local, and there are still large tracts of the country south of Toms * Edinb. New Phil. Mag. 1. c. t A very good figure of this species is given in the Botanical Register for August 183G, t. 1783. North American Plants. 87 River, that have not yet been examined. Indeed, almost every year some additions are made to the Flora of New Jersey, by the discovery of new and r,are plants, chiefly from Monmouth, Gloucester, and Burlington counties. It is not improbable that in some of the unexplored parts of the pine barrens other lo- calities of our Empetrum will be found, with the ripe fruit, which is still a desideratum in its history. In an abstract of the botanical discoveries of De la Pylaie in Newfoundland, published in the Transactions of the LinnEean Society of Paris, this zealous botanist (who never lived to com- plete his Flora of that large island) enumerates the Emfclrum rubrum. Can this be identical with the South American spe- cies, or is it our E. Conradti ? The Schizcea jmsilla of Pursh affords a remarkable example of a plant growing in two places widely separated in latitude, and only in one intermediate spot. Gaudichaud found it in the Falkland Islands, and De la Pylaie in Newfoundland, while between these two points it has only been detected in the pine-barrens of New- Jersey.* LEAVENWORTHIA.t Calyx somewhat erect, equal at the base. Petals equal, cuneiform, truncate or emarginate. Filaments distinct, toothless. Silique sessile, oblong-linear, compressed, some- what inflated and torulose ; valves indistinctly nerved. Style distinct, or almost wanting. Stigma minutely bidentate. Seeds in a single series, flattened, with a broad winged margin. Funiculus free.f Embryo nearly straight, or with the radicle * See Ann. Lye. vol. ii. p. 266. t In honor of Dr. M. 0. Loavenworth, of the United States army, an indefati- gable botanist, who has largely contributed to our knowledge of the plants of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Florida. t Adhesion of the funiculis to tho septum is not a frequent character in Cru- ciferoe. De Candolle remarks, that it occurs only in Pctrocallis and Lunaria. It has since been noticed in Ptcrolobium, Andrz. and Coringia, Heist. 88 New Genera and Species of somewhat bent on the cotyledons : the radicle very short, co nical, pointing obliquely upwards towards the hilurm Co- 1 tyledons orbicular. Dissepiment 1-nerved, minutely reticu- lated ; the areola) transversely linear-oblong. Herbaceous, annual ; leaves lyrately pinnatifid ; flowers on long subradical peduncles, or in loose racemes, yellow.— Nat, Ord> Cruci- FERjE. Leavenworthia aurea, Plate 5. Style distinct ; embryo nearly straight. Root straight t simple, descending. Plant 2 — 6 inches high. Stem at first short and simple, but at length branching from the base; the branches assurgent, smooth. Leaves mostly radical, about 2 inches long, (including the petioles) pinnatifid ; rather thick ; segments 2 — 4 parts, roundish-ob- long, with a few obtuse teeth ; terminal otic much the largest, somewhat orbicular. Racemes 4 — 10-fiowered. Flowers in the young plant, so- litary, on long erect naked peduncles; in advanced specimens racemose on the short assurgent branches. Pedicels without bracts, an inch or more in length, filiform, spreading and curved upward. Calyx imbri- cate in aestivation*, rather loose ; sepals oblong, obtuse, tinged with purple. Petals yellow, tapering to a long cuncate base; the limb truncate and somewhat cmarginatc. Stamens distinct ; filaments slender ; anthers oblong. Ovarium sessile, oblong ; style short but dis- tinct, straight; stigma minute, somewhat 2-loothed. Silique rather more than an inch long, and nearly 2 lines in breadth, slightly torulose, rather convex, obscurely nerved. Dissepiment very thin and transpa^ rent, separable into two lamina, with a waved central line, or raphe, running from the summit, to the base ; under a strong lens exhibiting Qnastamosing veins or tubes, the interstices of which arc more or less linear, and transverse, or at right angles to the longitudinal nerve. f Seeds * A. valvate activation of the sepala is very rare in Crucifera. It was first noticed by K. Brown (Obs. on Plants collected by Oudney, &c p. 7.) in Savig- niii and Ricotia, and Meyer has since detected it in Coringia, Heist, {pi. of Cau- casus, p. 191.) t R, Brown, who first introduced the structure of the dissepiment into cha- racters of the genera of Orucifcra;, aays, he expects with much confidence that it will present great uniformity in strictly natural genera. He states, that " in many cases, though certainly not in all, he found a resemblance in this respect in more extensive groups." I have examined many Crucifora. 1 , chiefly North Ame- Norl/i American Plants. 89 usually 5, much compressed, suspended on short rigid funiculi, ap- proximated so that their hroad membranaceous margins somewhat over- lap. Embryo nearly straight from the earliest to the most mature state. The radicle points upward, at first inclined a little from the hilum, but gradually approximating towards it. Cotyledons plano-convex. Hab. — Wet places on the priaries in the vicinity of Fort Towson, Arkansas ; also in Texas, and in Jefferson County, Alabama ; Dr. M. C. Leavenworth.' Leavenworthia Michauxii. Style almost wanting ; radicle oblique. Cardamine uniflora, Michx .' fl. Bar. Anier. 2, p. 29 ; Pursh,fl. 2, p. 439, D. C ! sysl. 2, p. 251. Hab. — On rocks about Knoxville, Tennessee, Michaux ! v. s. in herb. Mus. Paris. On wet rocks, Kentucky ; very rare, Dr. Short-' Obs. — This species is extremely like L. aurca, but ap- pears to be distinct. In habit, and in the form and size of rican species, without, however, finding this character at all uniform. In Sisym- brium Sophia and S. sophioiiles, (lie dissepiment is marked with two very strong nerves, extending from the base to the apex, and the tubuli are reticulated ; the areolae oblong and longitudinal. In S. oblueangulum and S. Columnie the tubuli form distinct waved descending lines. In S. officinale the dissepiment is opakc and nerveless ; the tubuli very minute, indistinct and descending. In S. ca- nescens, Nutt. (which seems to be identical with Erysimum pinnatum, Walt. Cardamine Mcnzicsii, D. C and S. brachycarpitm, Richards.) the tubuli arc irre- gular, but a large proportion of the areola? are linear and transverse, and the disso- piment is 1-nerved. The funiculi are also adnate. Sisymbrium Thattanah&s no midnervo to the dissepiment, and the tubuli are reticulated, forming oblong longi- tudinal areola}. The tubuli in Arabis ambig-ua, I). 0. and A. pendula., I/inn. are descending, forming tortuous parallel lines ; but in A. Turrita they are irregularly reticulated, and thic areola amorphous. In A. Canadensis they are exceedingly contorted and irregularly reticulated. 'Notwithstanding this variety in the structure of the dissepiment, it is very constant in the same species, and the characters derived from it are doubtless often of generic importance. VOL. IV. 12 90 New Genera and Species of the leaves and flowers, the resemblance is striking. The style, however, is very evident in the latter, but is almost wanting in L. Michauxii. The difference in the direction of the radicle seems also to be constant. From the appearance of the dried specimens, I am of opinion that the flowers in the second species are pale yellow. Michaux states that the peduncles are solitary and one-flowered ; but I observed his specimens to be caulescent, the short assurgent stems bearing elongated one- flowered peduncles, as in the southern species. For my first knowledge of the L. aurea I am indebted to my friend Dr. Short of Kentucky, who shared with me the specimens he received from Dr. Leavenworth, its discoverer. Subsequently I received some excellent specimens from Dr. L. himself. Its general appearance is that of a Cardamine, and I supposed it might be a species of that genus, but on ex- amining the seed I was surprised to find the embryo almost perfectly straight, so that the plant could not be referred to either of De Candolle's great suborders of Cruciferas, the cotyledons being accumhent in Pleurorhizje, and incumbent in Notorhizje. Indeed it is the only species belonging to this family, with which I am acquainted, in which the embryo (except in the earliest state) is straight.* After I had completed my description of this plant, I re- ceived from Dr. Short a good specimen of Cardamine unifiora, a species which I had seen in Michaux's herbarium, and which 1 was very desirous of examining again, and comparing with the Leavenworthia. It proved to be a second species of the genus, readily distinguishable by the almost entire absence of the style. Respecting the value of characters derived from the embryo as the basis of classification in this large order, some of the met distinguished modern botanists differ in opinion. Schkuhr and Gaertnsr were well acquainted with the principal diversi- ties of structure which the embryo in Crucifcra! exhibits. \ * in ihe Reclembriot among Leguminosa North American Plants. 91 With the latter botanist originated the terms accumbent and incumbent now so generally employed, although neither he nor Schkuhr used these characters in classifying the Cruciferae. The form and direction of the Cotyledons were first introduced into the generic characters by It. Brown, in the second edition of the Hortus Kewensis, (vol. iv. 1812) but not extensively, as this was not a suitable work in which to develope his views. De Candolle, in his Systema (1821), and in his Memoire sur les Crucifies (1821), as well as in his Prodromus, (vol. i. 1824), adopted Brown's idea of the importance of the embryo in this family, and made it the basis of his classification, but carried it further, perhaps, than the great English botanist in- tended. It must be confessed that there are a few instances in which the modifications of the embryo are not even of generic importance, as in Hutchinsia aljrina and yetriea, noticed by Brown, the cotyledons being accumbent in one species and in- cumbent in the other. In Lepidium Virginicum, as shown in Schkuhr's figure, (Handb.* 2, t. 180,) and in Hooker's Flora Boreali-Americana, the cotyledons are accumbent, while in the rest of the genus they are incumbent. Capsella Bursa pastor is, which has incumbent cotyledons, is now generally admitted to be distinct from Thlaspi. In Cakile, as the genus is limited by De Candolle, there are species in which the colytedons are not accumbent. In the figure of C. aqualis, as given by De- lessert in his Icones Selectae,t (the drawings of which were exe- cuted by Turpin,) the cotyledons are represented as incumbent, a circumstance which appears to have escaped the notice of De Candolle, although he quotes the figure in his Prodro- mus.f In C. maritime,, C. A. Meyer§ states that he found the seed in the lower cell of the silique, having the radicle oblique or tangent to the limb of the cotyledon, while in the upper cell • There called L. Iberis, but not the plant of Linnteus thus named. t 2, t. 57. t 1, p. 186. S Entim. pi. Cauc. p. 186. (1831 ) 92 The Genera and Species of the cotyledons were incumbent. I have carefully examined our common species of this genus, which is generally regarded as hardly a variety of C. muritima, but I find the cotyledons con- stantly accumbent. Once, indeed, I saw the lower seed with incumbent cotyledons, while in the upper they were in the or- dinary state. In another instance they were incumbent in the inferior seed, and spirally twisted on the axis of the silicle in the inferior. In our common Arabis lyrala* the cotyledons are obliquely incumbent, the radicle lying close by the edge. De Candolle states in his Mem. stir les Crucif., that of 970 species of this family, described in his Systema, he had dissected the fruits and seeds of more than 700, and yet he noticed scarcely any anomalies. He, however, overlooked the in- cumbent cotyledons of Arabis Thaliana, Linn., which Sir W. Hooker, following Gay,t has very properly removed to Sisym- brium, as the radicle is truly dorsal. Some valuable observations on the embryo of Cruciferae, by MM. Monard and Gay, are recorded in the seventh volume of the Annates des Sciences Naturelles.J They give an account of seventeen species which deviate from the character of the suborder to which they were referred in the Systema. Some of these were corrected by De Candolle himself in the Prodro- mus, while others were merely placed in wrong genera. About half the plants noticed by these botanists are examples of accumbent and incumbent species existing in the same genus. Dr. Brown (in PL of Oudney, p. 6,) thinks that in dividing Crucifene into natural sections, we are not to expect absolute uniformity in the state of the cotyledons ; at least in the accum- hent and flatly incumbent states. This learned botanist does not, however, inform us to what extent he is at present disposed * The tubuli of the dissepiment in this species are like those of A. Canadensis. t Ann. Sc. Nal. 7, p. 399. X Observations sur quelques Cruciferes decretes par M. De Candolle dans le second volume de son Syst. Nat. Reg. Veg.—Par I. P. Monard, avec de« notes de M. Gay Ann. des Sc. Nat. 7, pp. 389-419, (1826.) North American Plants. 93 to employ charactets derived from Cotyledons, in subdividing this great natural family. I have remarked that the genus Leavenworthia can hardly be referred, with certainty, to either of De Candolle's grand divisions of the Cruciferoe. In the mature seed the radicle is only about one-fourth the length of the cotyledons, very slightly curved, or bent a little to one side, thus showing a tendency to become accumbent. This is its form at the earliest appearance of the embryo.* It is always directed up- ward (or towards the style, as the seed lies in the pod) ; at first turned a little from the umbilicus towards the opposite side of the replum, but gradually becoming erect, or even inclining towards the hilum, as the seed becomes more completely cam- pulitropous. It remains for me to notice the affinities of this new genus. Disregarding the peculiarity of the embryo, the only tribe of PleurorhiZjE, with which it can be compared, is Arabid-cce ; and among Notouhiz^e, it has but little resemblance to any, except to a small section (Arabidopsis) of the genus Sisymbri- um, all of which have white flowers. In the form of the silique, and in the margined seeds, it ap- proaches some species of Arabis ; but the valves are not nerved, and the flowers are yellow. Its resemblance to the species of Cardamine with pinnated leaves, particularly to C. Ludovi- ciana, (which deviates from the character of the genus in its * The embryo of Cruciform, when first visible, is always straight, lying with its radicle pointing to tho foramen on one side of the campulitropous seed ; viz. that which would bo tho superior portion of it were the seed straight, with the cotyledons directed to the curved part, or apparent summit. As the embryo grows, it curves round, so that the cotyledons fold upon the radicle, and are thus directed to the hilum, which, in seeds of this kind, is always next the foramen. The gradual curvature of the embryo in Crucifera is clearly exhibited in plate 42, fig. 3 of Brongniart's admirable Mimoire sur lafiencration et le Deneloppemenl de VEmbryon dans les Veg. Phan. Ann. des Sc. Nat. torn. 12. I have observed the same changes in Arabis Turrita and A. ambigua. t C. glauca Spreng. (Delcss. ic. 2, t. 31.) also has margined seeds. 94 New Genera and Species of 6p. broad silicjue, margined, and even winged seedst) is consider- able, but it differs widely in the shape and color of the petals, the structure of the dissepiment, and in many other respects. In the broad silique and dissepiment (compared with any of the Arabideae) it seems allied to some Alyssineae, especially if we retain in that tribe the remarkable Selenia of Nuttall, which re- sembles our plant in the transverse areolae of the dissepiment, pinnatifid leaves, and yellow flowers. In that genus, how- ever, the fruit is broader, the style longer, and the seeds are truly accumbent, although the radicle is unusually short, and is directed horizontally with respect to the axis of the fruit. Upon the whole I consider it more nearly related to Selenia than to any other known genus. Description of the Plate of Leavetiworthia. Fig. 1. A young plant of L. aurea, of the natural size. 2. A full grown plant of the same. 3. A flower magnified. 4. A petal do. 5. The silique laid open to show the arrangement of the seeds. 6. The replum and dissepiment, exhibiting the longitu- dinal nerve, and the funiculi. 7. The embryo. 8. A transverse section of the same. 9. Pistil of L. Michauxii. 10. Silique of the same. 11. Embryo. Observations on the genus Sarracenia ; with an Account of a New Species. By H. B. Croom. (Corresponding Member.) Read September 5lh, 1836. Having enjoyed very favourable opportunities of observing the genus Sarracenia, and having examined all the known species in their native situations, I have been induced, while preparing a notice of an undescribcd species, to extend my re- marks so as to include a cursory account of the whole of this curious genus. On account of their singular structure these plants have always been objects of more than common interest ; and the fact that they are exclusively North American, gives them an additional claim to the notice of our own botanists. The genus Sarracenia,* was named by Tournefort, in honour of Dr. Sarrasin, a French physician of considerable eminence, who resided at Quebec, in the latter part of the seven- teenth and in the beginning of the eighteenth century, and by whom, probably, the earliest known species was sent to Europe. Dr. Sarrasin was a correspondent of Tournefort, and also of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris, and appears to have been a man of extensive acquirements, both in medicine and natural history. Charlevoix, in his travels, referring to the paper on the beaver, in the Memoirs of the Royal Aca- demy, (An. 1704, p. 48) says — " On ya inse'rC une descrip- tion anatomique du Castor, faite par M. Sarrasin, correspondant de l'Academie, Medecin du Roi dans ce pays, habile dans la medecine, dans l'anatomie, dans la chirurgie, et dans la bota- nique ; qui a Pesprit fort orne", et qui ne se distingue pas moins dans la conseil superieure, dont il est membre, que par son * Or, as it Bhould hive been written, Sarratinia. 96 Observations on the genus Sa?race7iia ; habilite dans tout qui est de sa profession. On est veritable- ment surpris de trouver un homme d'un merite si universel dans une colonic"* Kalmt also makes honorable mention of Dr. Sarrasin, and informs us that he died at Quebec of a malignant fever, con- tracted at the hospital where he visited the sick. The genus Sarraccniawas, it appears, originally established on S. -purpurea, the only species that extends as far north as Ca- nada, and was placed in Polyandria Monogynia of the Linnsean artificial system. In the natural method it was somewhat doubt- fully referred to Papaveracea:, by Jussieu ; but was afterwards raised to the rank of an independent order by De La Pylaie,J under the name of Sarraccnia, or, as adopted by later writers, Sarraceniacea. Both Jussieu and De La Pylaie were unac- quainted with the structure of the embryo in Sairacenia; it has, however, been observed to be dicotyledonous by Hooker,^ and also by Nuttall,|| who witnessed the germination of S.pur- jmrca at Philadelphia, and describes the embryo as furnished with perfectly distinct, long and linear cotyledons. The order Sarraceniaceae is generally considered to be more nearly allied to Papaveracese and Nymplia-aceue than to any others, and is accordingly placed by Dr. Hooker between these two orders. Professor Lindley,^ without however denying the importance of these affinities, takes a different and somewhat unsuspected view of the alliances of the order, believing it to be very nearly related to Dionoea, the dilated leaf-stalks of which only require their margins to cohere to be identical with the pitchers of Sarracenia. A similar peculiarity in foliage is seen in Cephalotus, Nepenthes and Dischidia ; but the re- * Charlevoix Travels,^. 97—98. t Travels in Nortk America, (London, 1772) 2, p. 206. X Ann. Linn. Soc. Paris, 6, p. 388. 5 Flora Am. Bar. I, p. 33. II Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. (new series), i, p. 50. t Introtl. to Nal. System, (cd, New-York) p. 190 With an Account of a New Species. 97 semblance does not extend farther. The only thing common to all these plants is, as Dr. Brown remarks,* that they are all dicotyledonous. The pitchers, or tubular portion of the leaves of all the species of Sarracenia, it is well known, commonly contain a great number of dead insects. The manner in which they are imprisoned was first distinctly explained by William Bartram.t and is particularly illustrated in a letter from the late Dr. Mac- bride, of South Carolina, to Sir James E. Smith, published in the 12th volume of the Transactions of the Linnsean Society of London.J The water usually found in the leaves is no doubt chiefly de- rived from rains and dews, and is not, in any considerable de- gree, furnished by secretion from the plant itself, as in Nepen- thes dislillatoria, and some other plants of the kind, in which the orifice is completely closed by an operculum.^ De Can- dolle|| has somehow fallen into the error of supposing that the * London and Edinb. Jour. Science, ^c. for Oct. 1832. t Travels through. N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, Florida, $c. (1791 introd- p. xix. t Read in December, 1815. See also Elliott, Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia, 2, p. 12.—" It may be sufficient here to remark that the throat or orifice of these leaves is generally covered with;a saccharine secretion or exudation. Immediately below the throat, for the space of nearly an inch, the surface is highly polished, while the lower part of the tube is covered with hairs all pointing downwards. When an insect is attracted, in the first instance, by the secretion of the plant, or perhaps even by the water, descends, as it easily can do, along this declining pubescence, it appears incapable of ascending by its feet alone, and can only escape by a flight so perpendicular as to surpass the power of most insects. Whenever they touch the bristly sides of the tube, they are preci- pitated again to the bottom, and have to renew their efforts, and many insects, even of a larger size, perish in this arduous and hopeless struggle." 8 Sic metamorphosis folii Nymphaese in folium Sarracenia,' ut ipsa aquam plu- vialem excipiens, at rotinens extra a quas crescat ; mira natures providentia !— Linnaeus, Syl. Nat. (ed 12), p. 361— an idea which seems to have been furnished by a passage in one of Peter Collinson's letters to Linnreus, dated May 1, 1765, in these words: " The loaves of the two species of Sarracenia are as surprising as the flowers ; for they are open tubes, contrived to collect the rains and dews, to nourish the plants in dry weather." — Correspondence of Linn. I. p. 66. II " Tantotil diverge de la tigc des sonoriginc, et a 1'apparence d'un lube vide VOL. IV. 13 98 Observations on the genus Sarrucenia ; leaves of Sanacenia have a lateral slit, which prevents their holding any considerable quantity of water. This, however, ~ is not the case ; and nothing is more common than to find the tubes in some species (especially in S. purpurea and S. flava) half or two-thirds filled with water. The genus Sanacenia is, as is well known, exclusively North American, no species having been detected west of the Alle- gany mountains. They are mostly found in the sphagnous swamps, savannas, &c. of the southern Atlantic states, a single species (S. purpurea) being, however, common in the northern states, extending even to Newfoundland and Hudson's Bay. Sarraceniaceje. DelaPylaie, in. Ann. Linn. Soc. Paris, 6, p. 388, t. 13 ; HooJc, Fl. Bor. Am. 1. p. 33 ; Lindl. In- trod. Nat. Syst. (ed. 2) p. 34. Sarracenia, Linn. Gen. pi. p. 885; Walter, Fl. Car. p. 152 ; Michx. Fl. Bor, Am. I. p. 310 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. II. p. 369 ; Nutt. Gen. N. Am. PI. II. p. 10 ; Elliott, Bot. S. Car. and Gcorg. II. p- 9. Sarracena, Town. Inst. Rei. Herb. (Character the same as of the order.) 1. Sarracenia purpurea, Linn. S. foliis breviusculis assurgentibus, tubo ventricoso gibbo, fauce coarctata, ala latissima arcuata, lamina erecta subreni- formi— cordata intus pilosa, flore purpureo. Sarracenia purpurea, Linn. Sp. PL p, 728; Walter, Fl. Car p. 152; Mich. Fl. Bor. Am. I. p. 310. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. p. 367 ; Elliott, Bet. S. Car. and Georg. II. p. 9. fendu »ur le coU ; Ce8t ce qui a lieu dan* lea Sarracenia, aoit q'on y conaidere le tube comme forme par un petiole foliace ou par le limbe do la mcme feu.lle ; ce tube de Sarracenia ne peut contenir que peu ou point de liqu.de a cau.o de 1. fisaure lat6rale"— Organogra T hie Vegctale, I. p. 319. With an Account of « New Species. 99 Coilophyllum Virginianum breviore folio. Morris. Hist. III. p. 533. Bucanephyllum Americanum. Plunk. Amalth. t. 376, f. 6. Sarracenia foliis gibbis, Gronov. Virg. 164. Icon. Bot. Mag. t. 849 ; Miller, Die. I. t. 241 ; Catcsby, Car. II. t. 70 ; Plunkenelt, Amalth. I. 376,/. 6. Habitat. From Hudson's Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. Hudson's Bay, Michaux ; Newfoundland, De la Pylaie ; Ca- nada, Dr. Richardson, Drummond; Massachusetts, Prof. HitchcocJc ; New- York and New-Jersey,ZV. Torreij; Virginia, Gronov; Carolina, Catesby; near Newbern N. C ! ; near Wilmington, N. C. Mr. Curtis; middle district of Carolina and Georgia, Elliott ; near Charleston S. C ! Florida and Alabama ! Observations. Leaves 4 — 8 inches long, tubular, bulging in the middle, arcuate, ascending. Wing very broad and ar- cuate. Lamina erect, very hairy on the inner surface. Tube often nearly filled with water. Scape about a foot high, bear- ing, as in all the species, a single nodding flower, which in this is large and purple. This is, of all the species, the best known and the most ex- tensively diffused. It is that on which the genus was founded, according to the Encyclopedia of Plants, having been known in Europe as early as 1640. S. heterophylla of Eaton is probably nothing more than S. purpurea ; but has the plant yellow flowers? 2. Sarracenia rubra, Walter. S. foliis longiusculis erectis gracilibus, tubo sursum sensim dilatante, ala angusto-lineari, lamina erecta mucronata basi sub- coarctata, flore rubro — purpureo. Sarracenia rubra, Walt. Fl. Car. p. 132 ; Willd. II. p. 1150 ,• El- liott, Bot. S. Car. and Georg. II. p. 10 ,• Hooker, Ex. Fl. p. 13. Icon. Hooker, Ex. Fl. 1. 18. 100 Observations on the genus Sarracenia ; Habitat. Middle country of South Carolina. Elliott. Common in swamps between Aiken, S. C. and Richmond County, N. C, flowering in May ! Buncombe* County, North Carolina. Mr. Ciirtis in lit. Observations. Leaves 10 — 18 inches long, rather slen- der, reticulated with purple veins. Tube enlarging regularly towards the summit, like a trumpet. Lamina erect, clothed with very fine hair on the inner surface. Wing narrow and linear. Scape much longer than the leaves. Flower reddish- purple. Pursh certainly erred when he united this species with S. psittacina of Michaux, an error in which he was followed by Nuttall and some others. Elliott and Hooker have both re- marked the incongruity of the two species as described, espe- cially in the " recurved, fornicated appendix" of the latter. Nor are the leaves of S. rubra short for this genus, as those of S. psittacina are said to be. 3. Sarracenia Drummondii, nobis t. S. foliis longis erectis, tubo sensim dilatato, ala angusto- lineari, lamina erecta suborbiculari intus pilosa tuboque superne venis colaratis reticulata, interstitiis albis, flore purpureo. Habitat. Near the town of Appalachicola in Florida. Abundant on the western borders of the Appalachicola river, below Ocheesee. Dr. A. W. Chapman, in lit. Flowers in April. Observations. Leaves long, (20 — 30 inches) erect, trum- * This is the mull western locality yet ascertained With an Account of a New Species. 101 pet-shaped. Wing very narrow and linear. Lamina nearly orbicular, contracted at base, and thickly clothed on the inner surface with conspicuous hairs. The upper part of the tube and the lamina, on every side, reticulate with purple veins, with the interstices white ; the maculation larger and more dif- fused than in S. Variolaris. The tube of one of the specimens which we have of this species contains, besides other dead insects, a large butterfly, (Papilio Turnus) ! I have described this species from specimens in the herba- rium of Dr. Torrey, who received a few leaves, without flowers, from Sir William Jackson Hooker, to whom they had been sent by Drummond, from Appalachicola in 1835. In the spring of the present year (1836) Dr. A. W. Chapman ob- tained the plant in flower in the neighbourhood of Appalachi- cola, and gave a specimen to Dr. Torrey, by whose kindness I have been permitted to describe it here. From the very hairy lamina or appendix of this plant, its reticulate veins, and the size and form of its leaves, a suspicion was at first excited that this might be Elliott's S. Catesbcei, but its purple flower and remarkable maculation entirely separate it from that plant, which is no other than a variety of S. flava. 4. Sarracenia psittacina, Michaux. S. foliis brevibus reclinatis venoso-reticulatis albo-maculatis, tubo venticoso, ala sursum subcuneatim latescente, lamina re- curvata subgloboso — inflata carinata muronata tubum pene claudente, ore subrotundo parvo, flore purpureo. Sarracenia psyttacina, Mich. Ft. Bor. Am. I. p. 311. Sarracenia calceolata, Null. Trans. Am. Ph. Soc. IV. p. 49. Sarracenia pulchella, Croom in Sill. Journ. Oct. 1S33. Icon, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. IV.pl. 1. 102 Observations on the genus Sarracenia ; Habitat. Georgia and Florida. " Ab urbe Augusta Georgia? and Floridam." Michaux. Tatnall County, Ga., and 10 miles west of Tallahassee, Florida. Nutall. Near Quincy, Fla. Dr. A. W. Chapman. Between the Tologie and the Appalachicola, in wet pine woods ! Flowers March to April. Observations. Leaves 3 — 4 inches long, reclinate, with reticulate purple veins, and whitish diaphanous spots, like those of S. variolaris, but smaller. The autumnal leaves are longer, and vary somewhat from the vernal in form and appearance, especially in the longitudinal wing. They are about six inches in length. Tube ventricose. Lamina very curiously incurved and fornicated, almost closing the tube, and looking not unlike the head of a parrot, as Michaux has remarked. Scape about a foot high. Flower reddish-purple. Even this species, not- withstanding the smallness of the aperture of the tube , acts as a fly-catcher. Indeed when they have once entered through this small orifice, their condition is more hopeless than in any of the other species. This species of Michaux was long lost to our botanists. Pursh united it with S. Rubra of Walter, the incongruity of which is evident. Still, as the plant had not been found since Michaux's time, Nuttall, who adopted the error of Pursh, when he at length found the plant, considered it as new, and describ- ed it in the work we have already referred to. Influenced by the opinions of others, and not having seen the description of Nuttall's S. calceolata, I mentioned it as new under the name of S. pulchella. But I am now satisfied of its identity with S. psittacina of Michaux, whose description agrees accurately with this plant. Their Habitat also agrees. 5. Sarracenia variolaris, Michaux. S. foliis longiusculis suberectis, tubo paulo ventricoso superne dorso maculato, ala lineari — lanceolata, lamina incurvata for- nicata, florc flavo. With an Account of a New Species. 103 Sarracenia variolaris, Mich. Fl. Bor. Am. I. p. 310. Sarracenia minor Walt Fl. Car, p. 153 ? S. adunca, Smith, Ex. Bot. I. I. 53. Icon. Bot. Mag. 1710 ; Loddige, Bot. Cab. t. Habitat. From South Carolina to Florida. Michaux. Around the pine-barren ponds along the sea-coast of South Carolina and Georgia. Elliott. Common in Middle Florida and the southern parts of Georgia, in wet pine woods ! Abun- dant near Charleston, S. C ! Flowers March — April. Observations. Leaves 12 to 18 inches long, nearly erect, a little bent or reclinate near the base. Tube a little ventricose, curiously marked on the back, near the summit, with whitish diaphanous spots. Wing somewhat broad. La- mina arched, vaulted and incurved over the throat of the tube. Flowers yellow. 6. Sarracenia Flava, Linn. S. foliis longissimis erectis tubo sensim dilatato, a la lineari angustissima, lamina erecta basi coarctata lateribus retroflexis, flore flavo. Sarracenia flava, Sp. PL II. 1150 ; Walter, Fl. Car. p. 153 ; Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1. p. 310 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. II. 367 ; Elliot, Bot. S. Car. and Georg. II. p. 10. Sarracenia Catesbaii, Ell. Bot- S. Car. and Georg, II. p. 11. Coilophyllum Virginianum, Morris. Hist. II. p. 533. Bucanephyllum elatius, Plunk. Amalth. Sarracenia foliis rcctis, Gronov. Virg. 164. Icon. Bot. Mag. 780 ; Cates. Car. IX t. 69 ; Plunk. Amalth. t, 376, /•5. Habitat. From the southern borders of the Chesapeake Bay to the G ulf of Mexico. Southhampton County, Va. Dr. Pickering. Virginia, Gro?iov. Near Newbern, N. C. ! Near Wilmington, N. C, Mr. Curtis. Abundant in the middle 104 Observations on the genus Sarracenia, Ifc. districts of Carolina and Georgia, Ell. Near Charleston, S. C. ! Common in the wet pine woods of Middle Florida! Observations. Leaves very long, 24 to 36 inches, erect, trumpet shaped. Wing very narrow, linear. Lamina erect, mucronate, with the sides at base usually reflected. This is the largest species of the genus. In the savannas of North and South Carolina I have sometimes gathered the leaves full three feet long, which is precisely the length assigned by Catesby to the leaves of this species. In the southern states, where this species is common, its leaves are known by the appropriate name of " trumpets." Elliott's Sarracenia, Catcsboei, is, as I have ascertained by the inspection of his herbarium, scarcely even a variety of this species, and differs from the ordinary form of the plant only by the more conspicuous veins and pubescence of the lamina. It agrees very well with the figure in Catesby above-cited, which Elliott refers to his S. Catesbai, while both Willdenow and Pursh quote the same figure as belonging to S. flava. Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. Auctore Asa Gray. Ordo MELANTHACEiE; R. Brown. Melanthacea Lindl. nat. syst. ed. 2. excl. § Parideaj et gea. nonnul. Colchicacea? D. C. fl. Fran. ed. 3. ; Bartl. ord. nat. etc. Veratreae Salisb. in hort. trans. ; Agardh aphor. etc. Juncorum gen. Juss. Calyx et corolla consimiles, fere a3quales, plerumque per- sistentes, periafithlum hexamerium liberum ssepissime petaloi- deum constituentes ; foliolis plus minus distinctis vel unguibus in tubum gracilem coalitis, jestivatione saspe involutis. Stamina 6 (in Pleea 9—12); filamentis persistentibus. Anthers biloculares vel pseudo-uniloculares, extrorsEe, inter- dum innatae, rarissime introrsae. Ovaria 3 (rarius abortu unica), ssepius pluriovulata, intus plus minus coalita : styli totidem distincti, introrsum stigmatosi seu stigmatibus simplicibus desinentes. Ovula anatropa, plerumque biseriata, ascendentia. Capsula membranacea vel coriacea, trigastra, scepius tri- partibilis, carpellis sutura ventrali dehiscentibus, nunc dehis- centia loculicida. Semina 5 — 20 (rarius 2) in carpellis singulis, saspe com- pressa et testa membranacea (nee atra. nee Crustacea) undique marginata aut utrinque appendiculata. Albumen camosum. Embryo parvus, in albumine inclusus, juxta hilum positus. vol. iv. 14 106 Mclanthaccarum America Septentrionalis Revisio. Herbje cormo vel bulbo tunicato (quandoque rhizomate hozontali) perennantea ; radicibus fibrosis, interdum crassis fas- ciculatisque. Caiiks simplices, saepe scapiformes, nunc ab- breviati aut hypoga'i. Folia graminea, cyperoidea, vel plantaginea, rarius conduplicata vel sequitaritia, basi caulis sajpe confeita, superne altcrna, plus minus amplectantia seu vaginantia. Floras herniaphroditi seu abortu polygami, rarius subdioici, racemosi vel spicati (racemis simplicibus vel com- positis), nunc solitarii. Obs. I. Genera infra posita, hue doctissimo Lindleyo et aliis collocata, ex hoc ordine depello ; scilicet: 1. Nolina Michx. qua; ob antheras introrsas et stylos (vix ullos) coalitos, necnon pedicellos sa;pe aggregatos, in medio ar- ticulates, Asphodeleis potius referenda. Fructum maturum et semina non vidi. 2. Disporum Salisb. (genus primum praeclarissimo Brownio indicatum*), Drapiezia, Blum. Schelhammera R. Brown, et forsan Tricyrtis, Wall. (= Conipsoa Don), omnia antheris extrorsis, qua;, cum Uvularia, sectionem parvam ordinis (seu classis) Liliacearum (prope Convallarineas) constituere vi- dentur. 3. Paris, Trillium, Medeola, Myrsiphyllum. (Paridca? L'iikII. Trilliacece D. C.) Ha;c, necnon Convallaria, Strep- topus, etc., ad Smilaceas a cl. Brownio refercbantur, sed dis- sident in habitu, foliorumque structure, (cl. Lindleyo nuper monentet), et maxime seminibus anatropisj. nunquam ortho- tropis modo seminum Smilacis et Ripogoni. Melanthaceis acccdunt stigmatibus stylisve discretis, etc., sed diversa sunt * Prodi: fl. Nov. Holl. I, p. 310. t Nat. syst. ed. 2, p. 358. t Semina in plerisque Trilliis toto raphide inscrta sunt, idcoquc quasi hetoro- tropa videntur. Mdanthacearum America Septentrionalis Rcvisio. 107 pericarpio baccato, antheris introrsis, ct habitu : equidem statio propria est inter Liliaceas juxta Uvulariam et Convallariam. Obs. II. Perianthium et filamenta (necnon styli ct stigmata) in omnibus Melanthaceis Boreali Americanis persistentia sunt ; in aliis nonnullis decidua. Obs. III. Melanthacea; in tribus duas facile dividi possunt : scil. 1. Colchiceje ; acaulescentes ; floribus plerumqueex cormo ortis, pedicellis hypogueis ; foliolis perianthii longissime un- guiculatis, saepius in tubum gracilem cobaerentibus ; stylis gra- cillimis quandoque plus minus coalitis. 2. Melanthe./e ; caulibus scapiformibus, saepe foliosis ; floribus racemosis spicatisve ; foliolis perianthii distinctis vel breviter coalitis, unguibus brevibus aut nullis; stylis brevibus, stigmatibusve fere semper distinctis. Hae Asphodeleis, illae, habitu Croci, Iridaceis magis conveni- unt. Tofieldia3 $ Triantha praeclare Melanthaceas Juncaceis conjungit*. ♦ Vid. adnot. sub Tofieldifl. 108 Melanthacearum America Scptenlrionalis Revisio. Conspectus generum Boreali-Americanorum, 1. COLCHICEjE. 1. Leucocrinum, Nutt. Perianthium hypocrateriforme, Styli ooaliti, stigmatibus lamellato-dilatatis, Radix fasciculata, 2. MELANTHE^E. % 1. Anthera pseudo-uniloculares, post dehiscentiam cly* peolata. * Perianthii foliola biglandulosa : styli stigmatibus sim2ilicibus desi- nentes. 2. Zigadenus, Michx. Flores hermaphroditi. Foliola perianthii exungicuulata. Filamenta libera. 3. Leimanthium, Willi. Flores plerique polygami. Fi- lamenta unguibus perianthii foliorum accreta. ** Perianthii foliola eglandulosa, exunguiculala: styli stigmatibus simplicibus desinentes. 4. Veratrum, Jjinn, Flores polygami, in racemis com- positis. Stamina perianthio breviora. a. Perianthii foliola obtusa, basi plus rniniis angustata. Folia clilatata. plicato-nervosa, caulem vaginantia. b. Stenanthium. Perianthii foliola laneeolata, acutissima, basi feri dilatata, staminibus rnulto longiora. Folia anguste linearia caulem hand vaginantia. 5. Amianthium. Flores hermaphroditi, racemis simpli- cibus compositisve. Stamina perianthio plerumque longiora, Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisw. 109 6. ScHceNOCAULON. Flores (minimi) in scapum pergra- pilem nudum arete spicati. Stamina perianthio longiora. § 2. Anthera. biloculares. Obs. Perianthii foliola in generibus Americanis hujussectionis exun- guiculata et cglandulosa sunt, * Stigmata sessilia (scu slyli intus prorsus stigmatosi), 7. Xerophyllum, Michx. Flores hermaphroditi. Cap- sula loculis dispermis. Filamenta inferne valde dilalata. Helonias, Linn. Filamenta inferne haud dilatata. Capsula polysperma. a. Flores hermaphroditi. Capsula obeordata, tricocca. b. Chamjelirium, Willd. Flores dioici. Capsula ovoidea. ** Styli stigmalibus simplicibus desintnles. Folia equitanlia. 9. Tofieldia, Huds. Flores hermaphroditi, involucro calyculati. a. Flores simpliciter racemosi vel spicati, modo florendi centripeto. Anthers; introrsae. b. Triantha, Nutl. Flores plerumque ternatim fasciculati, modo florendi centrifuge Anthera: innatie. Semina utrinque subulata. 10. Pleea, Michx. Flores hermaphroditi, bracteis spa- thaceis. Stamina 9 — 12 ; antheris versatilibus introrsis, Se- mina apice setaceo-caudata. 110 Melanthacearum America Septcntrioiialis Revisio. TRIB. 1. COLCHICE7E. 1. LEUCOCRINUM, Nutt. Flores hermaphroditi, ex caule brevissimo subterraneo orti. Perianthium hypocrateriforme ; tubo gracillimo, pra> longo ; laciniis ovalibus limbi patentis aequalibus. Stamina 6, asqualia ; filamentis tubo perianthii fere ad apicem adnatis. Anthers lineares, biloculares (basin affixa?) introrsae. Ovarium globoso-ovatum, carpellis tribus pluriovulatis con- cretis compositum : styli filiformes, vix ad apicem coaliti ; stigmatibus lamellato-dilatatis. Capsula membranacea (baud inflata), subglobosa, loculis 5 — 6-spermis. Semina (biseriata) subglobosa. Radix fasciculata, carnosa : caulis vix ullus : folia anguste linearia : flores albi, breve pedunculaii, spathis angustissimis bracteati. Leucocrinum montanum, Nutt. ined. Radix e fibris plurimis crassitie pennae Corvi. Folia plurima, (ut videntur) crasiuscula, plana, 8 unc. longa, vix 2 lin. lata, acutiuscula. Flores (6 — 8) foliis multo breviores; pedunculis omnibus radicalibus, unifloris, demum ferd uncialibus. Perianthii tubus persistens, 2 — 3 uric, longus, filiformis ; limbus magnitudine florum Ornithogali umbellati. Stamina perianthium vix Eequantia; antheris lincaribus. Stylus staminibus paulo brevior ; stigmatibus ferd obcordatis. Capsula (immatura;) vix supra terram, membranaceae, 3 — 4 lin. lata?, (ut videntur loculicide dehiscentes,) stylo et perianthio persistente coro- nata;. Semina ut in Colchico. — Floret Aprili. Hab. In planitiebus altis fluminis Platte, Nuttall! Melanthacearum America Scptenlrionalis Rcvisio. Ill Obs. Genus a Colchico diversum, stylis coalitis, antheris adnatis, et capsulis membranaceis non inflatis ; a Bulbocodio, unguibus perianthii totis concretis, etc. ; ab utroque prajsertim stigmatibus lamellatis, radice fasciculata, et defectu cormi. Si tamen Merendera, Bulbocodium, et Monocaryum, ut monet doctiss. Brovvnio,* potius subgenera Colchici sunt, forsan hoc quoque ill i referendum est. Specimina sicca a eel. Nuttallio lecta et milii benevolo com- municata. TRIB. 2. MELANTTIE/E. 2. ZIGADENUS, Michx. Flores hermaphroditi. Perianthii foliola basi subcoa- lita, exunguiculata, petaloidea, patentissima, inferne glandulis binis (sa;pe connatis) instructa. Stamina 6 : filamcnta basi dilatata, cum perianthii foliolis inserta, eademque subfequantia. Anthers cordatffi, sinum affixse, vix extrorsae (loculis apice connatis et confluentibust), post dehiscentiam clypeolatae. Ovaria 3, intus concreta, pluriovulata, sursum attenuata, sty- lisque gracilibus desinentia : stigmata simplicia vel subcapitata. Capsula ovato-conoidea, coriaceo-membranacea, subtriloba, superne tripartibilis, carpellis intus dehiscentibus ; loculis G — 8-spermis. Semina oblonga, aptera, nunc apice vix membranaceo-appendiculata. * Observations on the plants collected by Oudncy, $c. p. 37. 1 fried anthers uniloculars septo cvanido, ut in Malvaccis. 112 Melanthacearum America SepUntrionalis Revisio. Catjjles basi bulbescentes seu rhizornatibus repentfbus, in- ferne foliosi : folia graminea : inflorescentia plerumque pani- culata ; ramis paucis, subsimplicibus : bractea subspathifor- mes : jiores albidi, extus praecipue virescentes. Zigadenus, Michx.fi. 1, p. 213, t. 22 ; Pursh, fi. 1. p. 216 ; Willi, in mag. naturf.fr. 2. p. 30 ; Ell. boU 8. Car. and Georg. l,p. 420 ; llmm. fy Schult. syst. 7, p. 101. Helonije species, Ker, in jour. sci. 1, p. 184. Obs. Hue pertinet Melanthium Sibiricum, Linn, et auct. (Ornithogalum spicis florum longissimis, &c. Gmd.fi. Sibir< 1, p. 45, t. 8.) 1. Z. glaberrimus; rhizomate repente ', foliis longe lineari-lanceolatis, superioribus perbrevibus ; panicula pyrami- dali ; bracteis ovatis, acuminatis, pedicellos subaequantibus ; foliolis perianthii ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatulis, basi fere angustatis, crassiusculis ; glandulis orbicularis distinctisw Z. glaberrimus; Michx.Jl. I. c. ; Pursh,jl. 1, p. 241; Redout. Lit. t. 461 ; Ell. 1. c. ; Roem. Sf Schull. syst. 7, p. 1559 ; Hook. &f Am. in hot. Beechey, p. 161 ? Z. bracteatus, Raim. If Schult. I. c. Helonias bracteata, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1703. Caulis 1 — 3-pcdalis, superne subnudus. Folia plana, supremis ad bracteas subspathiformes diminutis. Panicula rami 3 — 5, plerique simplices, 7 — 10-flori. Flores magnitudine Veratri viridis. Perian- thii foliola leviter striata, stellato-patentia. Styli contigui. Ovaria multi-ovulata ; ovulis biseriatis sursum imbricatis. Hab. In herbosis humidis, a Virginia (Pursh) et Carolina super. ! usque ad Alabamam ! et in California, (fide Hook. Sf Am. I. c.) Melanthacearum America, Scptcntrionalis Revisio. 113 2. Z. glaucus ; bulbo tunicato ; foliis caule brevioribus, hnearibus, vix acutis ; racemo subsimplici ; bracteis lanceolatis pediccllis brevioribus ; perianthii foliolis ovalibus obovatisve, obtusis, glandula obcordata. instructis. Zigadenus chloranthus, Richards, app. Franld. journ. (ed. 2,) p. 12; Torr. ! in ann. lye. New- York, 2. p.25l; Ram 8f Schult. syst. 7, p. 1561 ; Hook. Af Am. ! hot. Beechey, p. 130. Z. glaucus, NutU! in jour. acad. Philad. 7, p. 56. Z. commutatus, Ram. Sf Schult. I. c. Melanthium glaueum, Null. ! gen. 1,^.232; Torr.fi. 1, p. 367. Leimanthium ? glaucum, Ram. if Schult. I. c.p. 1551. Caulis pedalis, superne subnudus (1 — 2-foliatus). Folia glauca, plana, supremis bracteiformibus. Racemus (seu panicula subsimplex) 7 — 20-florus, interne srepius plus minus compositus ; pedicellis unciali- bus apice incrassatis. Flores magnitudine Ornithogali umbellati (in- tcrdum polygami ex Richards). Perianthii foliola obscure striata, basi leviter angustata; glandulis cohfluentibus. Styli demum recurvi. Capsula conoidco-oblonga, pcrianthio persistente multolongior; carpellis apice divergentibus, stylis brevibus subulatis, 7 — 8-spermis. Semina ex- appendiculata. Julio ct AUgusto floret. Bab. Ad ripas arenosas, etc., a Canada! et freto Kotze- buano ! usque ad Arkansam ! et Oregon ! (v. sj). in herb. Nutt. in planitiebus altis fluminis Platte et Multnomah lecta.) Obs. An hue pertinet Zigadenus commutatus, Schult. h c. (Helonias glaberrima, Bot. mag. t. 1G80,) et forsan Hook, et Am. in bot. Beechey, p.- 160 ? Vidi in herb. Acad. Sci, Nat. Philadelphia? specimen Ca- nadense (prope Maitland a McNab lectum), panicula pedali, ramis subsimplicibus fere 12-floris ! Species omnino ignota est Zigadenus elbgans, Pursh, jLl,p. 241. VOL. IV. 15 114 MelaiUhacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. 3. LEIMANTH1UM- Willd. Flores plerumque (abortu ovarii) polygami. Perianthi* foliola stellato-patentia, petaloidea, basi biglandulosa; unguibus staminiferis. Stamina 6: filamenta perianthii ibliolis bre- viora, unguibus plus minus accreta. Antherje reniformes, sinum affixes, vix extrorsae (loculis apice connatis et confluen- tibus), post dehiscentiam clypeolatffi. Ovaria 3, angulis in- ternis coalita, pluriovulata, stylis brevibus subulata : stigmata simplicia, minuta. Capsula ovata (membranacea, turgida,) triloba, tripartibilis ; carpellis follicularibus 4 — 10-spermis, in- tus (superne praesertim) dehiscentibus. Semina compressa, late membranaceo-alata. Caules plerique superne puberuli, elati : folia lineariavel lanceolata, elongata, (rarius latiora et quasi petiolata) : panicula pyramidata, e racemis multifloris plerisque simplicibus (imis quandoque compositis) : flores ochroleuci vel flavo-virentes, demiim luridi : pedicelli bracteis saepius brevibus stipati. Leimanthium, " Willd. in mag. nalurf.fr. 2, p. 24," (excl. spec.) ; Roem. &f Schult. syst. 7, p. 10tt. Melanthii species, Linn, et axict. Melanthium, Michx. fl. 2, p. 251 ; Nult. gen. 1. p. 232 ; Ell hot. S. Car. Sf Georg. l.p. 418; Torr.fi. 1, p. 367. Obs. Genus a Melantbio (Prom. Bona Spei) abunde di- versum, inflorescentia. paniculato-racemosa,pedicellisbracteatis, floribus plerisque polygamis, perianthio persistente, antheris unilocularibus, seminibus alatis, etc. Melanthacearwn America Septet! trionalis Revisio. 115 1. L. Virginicum ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, elongatis ; pe- rianthii foliolis angustissime unguiculatis, lamina subrotundo- ovata (demiim oblonga), basi subcordato-auriculata, glandulis approximatis ; ungnibus supra medium staminiferis. Leimanthium Virginicum, " Willd. I. c. p. 24 ;'' Ram. Sf Schull. syst. 7, p. 1549- Melanthium Virginicum, Linn. ; Gron. Virg. p. 59 ; Derouss. in Lam. enc. meth. 4, p. 24, I. 260 \ Wall. Car. p. 125 ; Willd. spec. 2, p. 266; Michx. fl. 2, p. 251; Pursh, Jl. 1, p. 240; Ell. hot. S. Car. S( Georg. 1, p. 418; Ton..' fl. 1, p. 367; Darlingl. fl. Cest. (ed. 2.) p. 231. M. polygamum, Desrouss. I. c. M. hybridum, Ell. I. c. (fide amic. Curtis.) ; Torr.fl. I. c, non Wall. Veratrum Virginicum, Ait. hort. Kcw. (ed. 2.) 5, p. 426. Helonias Virginica, Sims, hot. mag. t. 285. Caulis 3-pedalis et altior ; parte superiore, ramis paniculae, pedi- cellis, et extrinsecus perianthio puberulis. Folia pallide viridia, de- bilia, 8 — 20 unc. longa, semi — sesquiuncialia lata, inferioribus amplexi- caulibus. Panicula pedalis sesquipedalisve ; ramis plerumque simpli- cibus, laxifloris ; pedicelli, vix unciales, flore longiores. Flores ochroleuci, demum brunnei; superiores (quandoque infcriores) praccipue herma- phroditi, semiunciales et longiores. Braclcee pedicellis multo breviores. Perianthii foliola laminA plus minus obtusa vel acutiuscula, obsolete striata ; glandulis rotundis distinctis. Capsula fere unc. longa, stylis lin. 2 longis apiculata. Semina 4—10 in singulis carpellis, ovato-lan- ceolata. Julio-Augusto floret. Hab. In pratis et sylvis humidis a Novo Kboraco ! usque ad Floridam ! et Arkansam ! 2. L. hybridum ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, elongatis ; peri- anthii foliolis anguste unguiculatis, lamina rhomboideo-subor- biculata. margine undulata, ; glandulis conniventibus (quandoque obsoletis) ; unguibus convoluto-canaliculatis, infra medium staminiferis. a. gracilis; panicula sparsiflora, ramis plerisque simplicibus. J 16 Mclanthacearum America SejUentrionalis Revisio. ft. robustior ; foliis infcrioribus plantagineis ; ramis imis pa- nicula; compositis. y, elata ; ramis panicukx plerisque compositis, multifloris. Leimanthium hybridum, Ram. <$• Schult. syst. 7, p. 1550, excl. syn. Nutt. Ell, 8f Torr. et descr. Melanthium hybridum, Walt. Car p. 125; Pursh,Jl. 1, p. 241 ? non Nult. nee Ell. if Torr, M. latifolium, Desrouss. in Lam. enc. mcth. 4, p. 25. M. racemosum, Michx, ft. 2, ^». 251. Caulis'2 — 4-pedalis, supcrne pubcrulus. Folia suprema pauca, brevis- Bima. Panicula plcrumque minor et gracilior quam in L. Virginico, flo- ribus paucioribus minoribusque : pedicclli patenlcs, filiformes, flore multo longiores. Perianthii foliola flavo-virentia ; apice laminarum saspius plus minus cuspidato vel aeuminato ; margine fere! scarioso ; unguibus ima filamentoruin involvens, laminam suba:quantibus. Fruetum non vidi. Hab. In umbrosis a Pennsylvania ! usque ad Georgian! ! "In excelsis montibus Carolina; septcntrionalis," Michaux. Lin- colnton, Car. sept. Curtis! ; prope Germantown, Pennsylvania;, Nuttall! y. Macon, Georgia; (v. sji. in herb, acad, Philad. sine foliis). 3. L. monoicum ; foliis late ovalibus, basi quasi petiolatis, superioribus oblanceolatis linearibusve ; panicula summa longe racemosa, fertili, inferne racemis masculis brevibus ; perian- thii foliolis obovalo-spathulatis vel oblanceolatis, unguibus sen- sim attenuatis, ad basi staminiferis ; glandulis saepius nullis. Leimanthium monoicum, Ram. Sf Schult. syst. 7, p. 1550, excl. syn. et descr. Melanth. poly gam. Dcsrouss. Melanthium monoicum, Walt. Car. p. 125; Pursh, jl. 1, p. 241? Ell. hot. S. Car. 8f Georg. 1, p. 418? M. hybridum, Nutt. ! gen. l,p. 232, non Walt. Mclanthaccarum America Septcntrio?ialis Revisio. 117 Veratrum parviflorum, MMus.fi. 2,^.250; Pursh, ft. I. p. 242; Ram. SfSchult. syst. 7, p. 1557, excl. syn. et descr. Melanlh. bracteo- lare, Desrouss. Caulis bipedalis, superne virgatus, fere nudus (ramiquoque paniculae) puberulus, basi bulbesccns. Folia inferioraG— 8 unc. longa, fere 3 unc. lata, srepe acuminata, inferne abrupte angustata quasi petiolata, caulem vaginantia ; suporiora paucissima, invicem minora. Panicula pyrami- dato-virgata, sesquipedalis, ramis lateralibus gracilibus. Pedicelli fili- formes, flore paulo longiores. Flores paulo minores quam in M. hy- brido, virescentes. Perianlhii foliola striata, fere plana, apice vix acuta, inferno attenuato-unguiculata, siaminibus duplo longiora; glan- dulis in floribus masculis nullis, in hermuphroditis srepius obsolctis. Capsula 4 — 6 lin. longa, slylis brevissimis (| lin. long.) apiculata ; car- pellis 4 — 5-spermis. Semina ovalia, utrinque acuta, 3 — 4 lin. longa Julio floret. Hab. In excelsis montibus Virginia? et Carolina;, Mickaux Sf Nutlall ! Specim. vidi et exam, monte " Table-mountain dicto ledum amico Curtis!)" Obs. Planta foliis fere Veratri, sed inflorescentia, floribus fructibusque Lcimanthii, licet periantbio saepius eglandulosa. Veratrum parviflorum, Bongard, veg. insul. Sitcha est Ve- ratrum Eschscholtzii nobis. 4. VERATRUM. Linn. Flores (abortu ovarii) polygami. Perianthii foliola basi plus minus coalita, petaloidea, patentia vel erecto-patentia, ex- unguiculata, eglandulosa. Stamina 6 ; filamentis imo peri- anthio insertis, eodemque breviora. Anthers subglobosa», fere innatae (loculis apice connatis et confluentibus), post de- hiscentiam clypeolatae. Pistilla, capsula, et semina ut in Leimanthio. Veratrum, Linn. (excl. V. lutei) et aucl. 118 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. 1. Veratrum propr. Perianthii foliola obovata vel oblonga, vix acuta, basi plus minus angustata, staminibus subduplo longiora : filamenta demum extrorsim patentia. Caules robusti, foliosi : folia late ovata vel oblonga, plicato- nervosa, caulem vaginantia ; superioribus sensim minoribus, bracteis insidentibus : panicula plerumque pyramidata, race- mis simplicibus : fiorcs flavo-virentes vel atro-purpurei. Veratrum, Linn. (excl. sp.) ; Juss. gen. p. 47 ; Lam. ill. t. 843 ; Michx. fi. 2, p. 249 ; Willd. spec. 4, p. 895 ; Nutt. gen. 1, p. 233 (excl. sp.). HelonijE species, Ker, in bot. mag. etc. Obs. V. Sabadilla, Retz. a Veratro diversa videtur, an- theris praesertim bilocularibus (conf. fig. in Diet. sci. nat. et descr. Rcem. Sf Schult. syst. 7, p. 1558,) necnon floribus nutan- tibus secundis: forte (cum aliis Mexicanis nondum descriptis, vid. Schiede, in Linnaa, 4, pp. 226 Sf 234,) genus proprium constituere meretur. 1. V. viride ; ramis paniculse demum patentibus ; foliolis perianthii campanulati oblongis, basi subangustatis, filamentis plerumque planis paulo longioribus. Veratrum viride, Ait.lwrt. kcw. (fid. 1,)3, p. 896; Pursh,Jl. 1, p. 242, Bigel. Am. med. bot. t. 33; Ell. hot. S. Car. Sf Georg. 1, p. 419; Torr.fi. 1,^.363; Ram. $ Schult. syst. 7, p. 1556; Darlingt.fi. Cesl. {ed. 2,) p. 232. V. album, Michx. fi. 2, p. 249. non Linn. Helonias viridis, Bot. mag. t. 1096, excl. syn. Melanthium bracteolare, Desrouss. in enc. meth. 4, p. 26. Melanthacearum America Septentrio?ialis Revisio. 119 Radix magna, films carnosis albis. Caulis (3 — 7-ped.) ramis pani- culai, pedicellis (brevibus) foliisque subter sparsim puberulus. Perian- thium flavo-viride, foliolis exterioribus obtusiusculis ; interioribus fert acutis, margine denticulato-erosis. Stamina rarius 7. ■■ Maio — Julio floret. Hab. In pratis humidis, etc. a Canada ! usque ad monies Georgiae. — Vulgo White Hellebore, Poke. 2. V. Eschscholtzii ; paniculae ramis lateralibus (quan- doque compositis) plerumque nutantibus; foliolis perianthii campanulati oblongis, basi attenuatis, filamentis gracillimis plusduplo longioribus. Veratrum Lobelianum 0. Eschscholzianum, Ram. Sf Schull. syst. 7, p. 1555. V. parviflorum, Bongard, veg. Sitcha. in mem. acad. St. Pclersb. (ser. 6,) 2, p. 166, non Miclix. Hab. In Amer. bor.-occidentali ; insula Sitcha Rutheno- rum, Eschscholtz et Merlens; prope " Observatory Inlet," Scouler! et ad ripas fluminis Oregon, Nuttall ! Obs. Praecedenti nirais affinis, quo difFert foliis peduncu- lisque magis pubescentibus, etc., et praesertim filamentis bre- vioribus et gracilioribus. 2. Suboen. Stenanthium. Perianthii foliola anguste lanceolata, subulato-acuminata, basi subdilatata, staminibus (florum sterilium pra3sertim) multo longiora. Caulis gracilis, basi bulbescens : folia graminea caulem haud vaginantia : panicula virgata : Jlores albidi. 120 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. V. (Stenanth.) angustifolium ; foliis anguste linear!- bus, planis, inferioribus obtusis ; racemo terminali fertili, elon- gate) ; lateralibus brevibus, floribus saepe sterilibus subsessili- bus ; foliolis internis perianthii angustioribus. Veratrum angustifolium, Pursh,Jl. 1,/p. 242 §■ 2, p<747; Nutt. gerti 1, p. 233 ; Ell. hot. S. Car. Sf Georg. 1, p. 420 ; Ram. §■ Schult. sysl. 7, p. 1557. Xerophyllum gramineum, Null. gen. 1. p. 236? Planta glabra. Radix fibris subcrassis. Caulis 2 — 4-pedalis, teres* gracilis. Folia (noncarinata) pleraque 1 — 2-ped. longa, 2 — 3 lin. lata; inferiora vix vaginantia; superiora scmiamplectantia, acuta; sumrais brevibus. Panicula sapebipedalis, pergraeilis, inultiflora ; floribus ra- cemorum lateralium (quandoquec&tcris)ovar- defectu plcrumque' sterili- bus. Racemi lalcrales plurimi, filiformes, patentes, 1 — 3 unc. longi, (imis interdum compositis,) bractcA lineari-setacca stipati; superiores sensim breviorcs, bracteisminutis; floribus vix pedicellati bractea ovato- lanceolata cuspidatu plusdupld longioribus. Racemvs tcrminalis saepius clongatus ; pedicellis florcs suba:quantibus. Pcrianthium albidum vel viresceus ; foliola (2 lin. longa) striata (exteriora basin versus plus mi- nus dilatata), sursum (prasertim flor. steril.) longe attenuata, acutissi- 1 ma. Stamina in flor. steril. prasertim perianthio multo brcviora ; in flor. fertil. demum fere dimidio breviora. Styli brcvissimi, recurvi* Capsula vix 3 lin. longa. Semina (immatura) in loculis 4, ovali-ob- longa, apice acuminata — Junio et Julio floret. Hal. In umbrosis ab Ohio ! ad Virginiam ! Floridam ! et Arkansam ! Melantliacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. 121 5. AMIANTHIUM.* Flores hermaphroditi. Perianthii foliola basi vix coalita (ovalia vel obovata), petaloidea, patentissima, exunguiculata, eglandulosa. Stamina 6 ; filamentis plerisque capillaribus cum perianthio insertis, idemque aequantibus vel superantibus. Antherje reniformes, fere innatae (loculis apice connatis et confluentibus), post dehiscentiam clypeolata?. Ovaria 3* (rarius abortu pauciora) intus plus minus coalita, pauci- ovulata, stylis filiformibus subulatisve desinentia : stigmata sim- plicia minuta. Capsula (membranacea, turgida,) triloba, tri- partibilis ; carpellis follicularibus (interdum apice distinctis) 1— 4-spermis, intus superne dehiscentibus. Semina lanceo- lata vel linearia, compressa utrinque membranacea, aut teretia, oblonga, testa laxS, demum carnosa. Caules scapiformes, basi sospe bulbescentes : folia gram- inea ; inferioribus plus minus confertis, vaginantibus : racemus simplex vel compositus, multiflorus : flores albidi, saepius longe pedicellati, bracteis plerisque brevissimis stipati. Heloni^ pai's, Michx.fl. 1, p. 211; Pcrs. syjj. I, p. 398 Willd. in mag, naturf. fr. 2, p. 29 ; Pursh, jl. 1, p. 216 Nutt. gen. 1, p. 234 ; Ell. hot. S. Car. Sf Georg. 1, p. 421 Torr. jl. 1, p. 368 ; Rcem. Sf Schult. syst. 7, p. 101, non Linn. Leimanthii species, Willd. I. c. Melanthii species, Walt. Car, p. 125 ; Lam. enc. meth. 4, p. 28 ; Ait. hort. Kew. (ed. 1,) 1, p. 488 ; Willd. spec. 2, p. 266. Chrosperma et Cyanotris, Raf. * Nomen ab a/imi/ros (immarulatus, puna) et m/flos ( flos) dcrivatum. VOL. IV. 16 122 Mclanthacearum America Septentrionalis Rcvisio. Obs. Helonias Linnaei de H. bullata et H. aspkodeloidi constituta fuit, cujus iste est Xerophyllum Michauxii ; itaque nomen Helonias specie priore retineatur. Amianthium a He- lonia differt, struclura praesertim antherarum et capsular, stylis distinctis stigmatibus minutis desinentibus, etc. ; a Veratro (cui species racemis compositis magis accedunt), floribus om- nibus hermaphroditis, staminibus stylisque longioribus, semini- bus vix alatis, et habitu. Nomen Cyanotris, liaf. in jour, de Phys. (= Hel. angusti- folia, Michx.) a nomine Cyanotis Don vix differt ; Chrosperma specei unicse solum apta est ; ideo utrumque praeteritur. 1. A. musCjETOxicum ; bulbo tunicato ; foliis planis, infe- rioribus late linearibus obtusis ; racemo simplici ; foliolis peri- antbii oblongis, obtusissimis ; carpellis superne distinctis, stylis subulalis divergentibus ; seminibus coccineis. Melanthium musooctoxicum, Walt. Car. p. 125. M. latum, Ail. hort. Kew. (cd. 1,) p. 488; Willi, spec. 2, p. 267; " Thunb. in act. sot: nat. scrut. Hafn. (4,) 2, p. 19, t. 7," fide Ram. <$• Schull. M. phalangioides, Dcsrouss. in Lam. enc. meili. 4, p. 27, et ill. gen. t. 260. M. densum, Desrouss. I. c. p. 26. Leimanthium lselum et pallidum (excl. syn. Michx.), Willi, in mag. nalurf.fr. 2, p. 24. Helonias la?ta, Kcr, hot. mag. t. 803 ; id. op. t. 1540. H. erythrosperma, Michx. Jl. 1, p. 212; Pursh,fl. 1,^.242; Nutt..' gen. I, p. 234; Ell. hot. S. Car. &f Georg. 1, p. 421; Torr. ! Jl. 1, p. 369; Ram. if Schull. syst. 7, p. 1562; Barlingt. jl. Ccst. (ei. 2,), p. 234. Anthericum subtrigynum, Jacq. coll. 3, p. 273, et ic. rar. 2, I. 419. Chrosperma (absq. nom. spec.) Raf. neogen. Caulis sesquipedalis, obtuse angulosus. Folia radicalia pedalia, 3 — 4 (nunc 8) lin. lata, debilia: caulina (saepe vix ulla) sparsa, superioribus ad bracteas diminutis. Racemus cylindraceus, densiflorus, 3 — 4 (rarius Melanthacearum America Scptenlrio?ia/is Revisio. 123 8—9) unc. longus. Pedicelli 5—10 lin. longi, filiformes, fere patentes, bracteis scariosis ovato-Ianceolatis plurimum longioribus. Flores albi demum viridescentes, 3—4 lin. lati. Perianthii foliola stamina Eequan- tia, nee basi nee apice angustata, venoso-striata. Antherte magna?, al- bida;. Carpella inferne tantum concreta, sup erne divaricata, 1 — 2- sperma. Semina ovoidea, testa demum carnosa coccinea. — Junio et Julio (in Georgia Maio) floret. Vulgd Fly-poison dicitur. Hub. In umbrosis paludosis a Nova Caesarea! et Penn- sylvania ! ad Floridam ! et Arkansam. 2. A. Nuttallii ; bulbo tunicato ; foliis conduplicato- carinatis, acutis ; perianthii foliolis (tenuibus) basi subunguic- ulatis ; carpellis apice [distinctis ; stylis subulatis contiguis ; seminibus oblongis, teretibus. <*. racenio simplici. Helonias angustilblia, Nutt. .' Jl. Arkans. in trans. Am. ph.il. soc. (str. 2,) 5, p. 154, non Michx. /3. racemo inferne composito, paniculato. (An conditio ab- normis ?) Helonias paniculata, Nutt..' in jour. acad. Philad. 7, p. 57. Caulis sesquipedalis, teres (inferne leviter sulcatus), saspius robustus et juxta raeemum attenuatus; bulbo tunicato magno, basi fibrillato. Folia inferiora, 6 — 12 unc. longa, 2 — 4 lin. lata, subcrassa, margine asperula, basi vaginantia, membranacea ; superiora breviora, attenuata ; summis membranaceis, bractciformibus. Racemus multiflorus, 2—4 unc. longus, pedicellis (uncialibus) filiformibus: nunc racemo ampliore, laxiore, infern^ composito, ramis paniculatis, laxe 3 — 8-floris. Bractece scariosae, pedicellos vix aiquantes ; inferioribus saepe filiformi-setaceis. Flores albi, magnitudine A. angustifolite. Perianthii foliola stamini- bus paulo longiora, late ovalia vel subovata (alterna angustiora), obtusi- uscula, venoso-striata, basi subcordata vel rotundata, abrupte subun- 124 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. guiculata, macule flavida leviter notata. Antherte magna. Ovaria (rarius 2) 7 — 8-ovulata, stylis brevibus subulata. Semina in singulis carpellis 1 — 2, oblonga, testa laxa demum carnosa. Hab. In Arkansa, Nuttall! Pitcher ! &f Leavenworth ! et Texas, Drummonal ! : in elevatioribus montium Rochj-Moun- tains dictorum, et in Oregon, Nuttall! : prope Fort Vancouver, Scolder ! Obs. Crescjt (ex Nutt.) cum Kamassa esculenta, qua bulbi nocentes viatoribus saspe confusi sunt. 3. A. angustifolium ; caule (gracili) basi non bulboso ; foliis angustissime linearibus, acutis ; racemo simplici ; foliolis perianthii ovalibus, stylis filiformibus contiguis brevioribus ; seminibus linearibus. Helonias angustifolia, Michx..' fl. 1, p. 212; Pursh, ft. 1, p. 242; Nutt. ! gen. \,p. 234 ; Ell. ! hot. S. Car. Sf Georg. 1, p. 421 ; Torr. ! fl. I, p. 369; Razm. Sf Schult. syst. 7, p. 1564. H. la:ta |3 minor, Bot. mag. t. 1540. Caulis 1 — 3-pedalis, teres. Folia fere omnia radicalia, pedalia et lon- giora, 1 — 2 lin. lata, apicem versus sensim attenuata et carinato-trique- tra; superioribus ad bracteas squameeformes diminutis. Raeemus multi- florus, 2 — 3 (demum sa;pe 5) unc. longus. Pedicelli 5 — 6-lin. longi, filiformes, ad apicem incrassati, erecto-patentes, bracteis scariosis lan- ceolatis plurimum longiores. Flores albidi, 3 — 4 lin. lati. Perianthii foliola staminibus paulo longiora, obtusa vel parum acutiuscula, basi subangustata, leviter striata. Anthera; flavidae, dimidio minores quam in A. musctttoxico. Capsula loculis 1 — 4-spermis. Semina linearia, fere teretia, testa laxa membranacea basi apiceque vix producta.— Maio— Junio floret. Melanthacearum, America; Septentrionalis Hevisio. 125 Hab. In sylvis humidis (pinetis) Carolina superioris ! et in- ferioris ! Georgiae ! et Florida; ! Obs. Helonias angustifolia, Darlingt. fl. Cest. ed. 1. est H. erythrosperma, Michx. fide Darlingt. ipsius in op. cit. ed. 2. 4. A. LEiMANTHOiDiss ; caule (elato) basi non bulboso ; foliis linearibus, planis ; racemo composito, pyramidato ; peri- anthii foliolis late ovalibus, stylis linearibus longioribus ; seminibus lanceolatis, compressis, apice alatis. Helonias graminea, Ell. herb, fide Curtis, non Bol. mag. Radix fibris crassis. Caulis teres, parum angulosus, 2— 4-pedalis, superne! subnudus. Folia pallid^ viridia ; inferiora 1 — 2-pedalia, 3 lin lata, plana, subcarinata, obtusiuscula ; superiora sparsa, sensim bre- viora et acuta ; summis 2 — 3 unc. longis, lineari-lanceolatis. Panicula 8 — 12 unc. longa; racemo terminali plus minis elongato, multifloro lateralibus (5 — 6) simplicibus ; imis sspe subremotis. Pedicelli paten- tes, graciles, demum 6 — 8 lin. longi, apice parum incrassati, bracteis lan- ceolatis seariosis plurimum longiores. Flores albi, 4 lin. lati. Perian- thii foliola demiim recurva, staminibus paulii breviora, fere asqualia, utrinque obtusa, vix striata. Capsula late ovato-conica, loculis 4-sper- mis. Semina anguste membranaceo-marginata, apice alata. — Julio— Augusto floret. Hab. In paludosis Nova; Ca;sarea; (prope Haddonfield, Durand .') Carolina; sept, (monte Table-mountain dicto, Curtis-'), et prope Novum Aurelianum (Ingalls!). 126 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. Obs. Planta elegans inflorescentia foliisque Leimanthii, sed floribus omnino Amianthii. Helonias gmminea herb. div. Elliottii, fide amic. Curtis, sed descriptio ejus non quadrat. 5. A. ? aspericaule ; caule floribusque pulverulento- puberulis, asperiusculis ; foliis caulinis lineari-lanceolatis, planis ; racemulis subspicatis, floribus brevi-pedicellatis, brac- teola minima sub perianthio. Melanthium aspericaule, Poir. enc. meth. suppl. 3, p. 628. Hab. " In Carolina, Bosc." (V. sjj. sic. valde immaturam prope Columbiam, Carolinse infer, lectam amico Curtis ■') Obs. Planta minime cognita, a Poiret solum descripta, tamen Sprengelio ad Tqficldiam glutinosam, et Schultzio ad T. pubentcm perperam ducta. In spec. Curtis. : Caulis (ima pars adest) sesquipedalis, striatus, trifoliatus, pulverulento- scaber. Folia striata plana, sensim acuta (juniora subtus et margine puberula), glabra, basi latiora et semiamplectantia; infimum fere 6-unciale ; superiora sensim breviora ; summis ad bracteas diminutis. Panicula spiciformis, tomentoso-pu- berula, 2 unc. longa, e racemulis plurimis (superioribus con- fertis, imis longiorlbus et subdistantibus) 3 — 8-floris com- positis. Flores inexpansi brevissime pedicellati, bractea cymbiformi ovata striata breviores, bracteola minima juxta perianthium muniti. Perianthii foliola (ante evolutionem) concava, ovali-obovata, basi subangustata (nee unguiculata). Stamina basi perianthio inserta : antherae magna?, extrosae, uniloculares. Styli brevissimi. — Ad hoc genus non certe pertinet; specimen meum haud idoneum. Melanthacearum America SepeiUrionalis Revisio. 127 6. SCHCENOCAULON. * Flores hermaphroditi. Perianthii foliola herbacea (lineari-oblonga, obtusa), basi vix coalita, suberecta, exunguicu- lata, eglandulosa. Stamina 6 ; filamentis subulatis cum perianthio insertis, eodemque demum duplo longioribus. An- thers (magna?) reniformes (loculis apice connatis et conflu- entibus), post dehiscentiam clypeolata;. Ovaria 3, angulis internis concreta, 6 — 8-ovulata, stylisperbrevibussensimapicu- lata : stigmata simplicia minuta. Capsula Caulis bulbus tunicatus : folia omnia radicalia, caricina, praelonga et angustissima, arida, subcanaliculata : scapus sim- plicissimus, pergracilis, prorsus nudus : flores parvi, arete sessiles (singuli bractea minuta stipati), in spicam gracilem dis- positi. S. GRACILE. Helonias? dubia, Michx. ft. 1, p. 213; Pursh,fl. 1, p. 244; Ram. Sf Schult. syst. 7, p. 1565. Planta glaberrima, habitu multOm Triglochini accedens. Bulbus vaginis scariosis brunneis lectus. Folia suberecta, valde striata, 1 — 2 ped. longa, vix lincamlata, superne attenuato-setacea. Sca/najuncifor- mis, teres sou interne subangulosus, 2 — 3-pedalis. Spica virgata, 3 — 4 unc. longa; floribus primum conferlis, denique laxe (altcrnatim) dispo- sitis, bracteis ovatis scariosis duplo longioribus. Perianthii foliola pal- " Nomcn ab i^oikis (funis, juncus) et kot.W (caulis) dcrivaturn. 128 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. lide viridia, obtusa, subconcava, leviter 3 — 5-nervia. Filamenta fere plana, retorsim sensim dilatata, perianthio primum breviora, demtim duplo longiora. Anthera ratione florum maximiE. Capsula immatura demdm perianthio pcrsistente longior, ovata, 3-loba, 3-partibilis, stylis minutis apiculata. Ovula subovata, biseriata, ascendentia, anatropa. Semina matura et capsulam non vidi. — Aprili et Maio floret. Hab. In sabulosis Georgia; et Florida;, Michaux. In Florida prope sinum Tampa-Bay dictum legit M. C. Leaven- worth ! Burrows ! et Alien ■' ( V. spp. in herb. cl. Torrey.) 7. XEROPHYLLTJM. Michx. Flores hermaphroditi. Perianthii foliola petaloidea (ovalia), patentissima, exunguiculata, eglandulosa. Stamina 6 ; filamentis deorsum admodum dilatatis, cum perianthio in- sertis, idemque subaiquantibus vel superantibus. ANTHERiE subrotundo-ovata;, biloculares, apice et basi praesertim emar- ginata;, sinum affixa;, extrorsse. Ovarium subglobosum, trilo- bum, e carpellis tribus biovulatis arctius connatis compositum, stigmatibus totidem lineari-filiformibus revolutis (an rectius styli 3 intus stigmatosi ?) coronatum. Capsula subglobosa, sub- triloba, coriacea, loculicide dehiscens ; loculis 2-spermis. Semina collateralia, erecta, oblonga, subcompressa, testa, mem- branacea apice plus minus producta. Caules basi fere bulbcscentes, radicibus fibrosis : folia complura, arida, setacea ; radicalia numerosissima, in caespitem densum conferta, angustissime lineari-setacea : racemus sim- plex, thyrsiformis, denique elongatus : pedicellis filiformibus basi bracteatis, seu ebracteatis et bibracteolatis : flores speciosi, albi. Melanthacearum America Septcntrionalis Revisit). 129 Xerophyllum, Michx. ft. 1, p. 210 ; Willi, in mag. na- turf.fr. 2, p. 29 ; Nutt. gen. 1, p. 234 ; Torr. ! ft. 1. p. 370 ; Ram. fy Schull. syst. 7, y. 102. Helonije species, Linn- et and. Obs. Genus Helonia; nimis affine. 1. X. asphodeloides ; pedicellis ebracteatis, bibracteo- latis ; slaminibus foliola perianthii ovalia demiim a;quantibus. X. asphodeloides, Nutt. .' gen. 1, p. 235. X. setifolium, Michx. Jl. l,p. 211 ; Poir. suppl. enc. mcth. 5, p. 509 (excl. syn.) ; Torr. ! Jl. L. c. ; Rcem. Sf Schult. I. c. excl. syn. Melanth. spicati Walt. Helonias asphodeloides, Linn. spec. 485; Willd. spec. 2, p. 274; Bot. mag. t. 743 ; Lam. enc. meth. 3, p. 100 ; Pursh,Jl. l.p. 243 ; Ell. hot. S. Car. Sf Georg. l,p. 422. Caulis 3 — 5-pedalis, teres, pallidus, undique foliosus. Folia rigida basi subdilatata et crassiora, haud amplcctantia, subtus carinata, supra plana, margine minutissime hispido-scabra; radicalia undique reclinata, pedaliact longiora, basin versus semi-lineam lata.sursum attenuato-acicu laria ; caulina sensim minora et graciliora. Pcdicelli unciales et longiores infra medium s;epius braclea selaeea muniti, altera minore sub flore Perianthii foliola pauci-slriata, obtusa, 2 lin. Ionga, altcrna (exteriora) paulo breviora. Stamina filamentia crassis, imo valde dilatatis et sub- coalitis. Stigmata fere distincla, intus tota longitudine linea papulosa notata. Capsula oblongo-subglobosa. Scmina matura non vidi. Hab. In arenosis et pinctis Nova; Coesareae ! et Carolina;. In montibus Catawba-ridge dictis Carol, super., fide Nuttall. 2. X. tenax : pedicellis inferioribus longe bracteatis, ebracteolatis ; staminibus (ex icon.) foliola perianthii oblonga excedentibus. X. tenax, Nutt. gen. I. c. Helonias tenax, Pursh,Jl. l,p. 243, t. 9. VOL. IV. 17 130 Mda/ithaccaruiii America Scpttninonalis llcoisiv. Ilab. In montibus Rochj Mountains dictis (V. sp. sic. racemi fructiferi solum, ab amico celeberrimo Nuttallio benevole communicatum.) Obs. In icone citata styli filiformes stigmatibus subcap- itals desincntes false depict! sunt. Racemus fructifer speci- minis Nuttallii est fere sesquipedalis, pedicellis numerosissimis uncialibus, superioribus plerisque juxta basin bracteolatis, caeteris nudis ; capsulis globosis ; seininibus vix angularibus, testa laxa mcinbranncca ad apicem el marginem internum levissime producta. 8. HELONIAS. Flores hermapbroditi (rarius polygami) vcl abortu dioici. Perianthii foliola (ligulata vel linearia) petaloidea, exungui- culata, eglandulosa, patentia. Stamina G ; filamentis (planis basi non dilatatis) cum periantbio insertis, idemquc demum superantibus. Anther* subrotundae, biloculares, basi bifida;, sinum affixue, extrorsae. Ovarium subglobosum, trilobum, e carpellis tribus pluriovulatis compositum, stigmatibus totidem lineari-clongatis coronatum. CArsuLA submcmbranacea, fere obcordata tricocca, aut ovoidea trisulca ; loculis polyspermis. Semina linearia vel oblonga, utrinque mcmbranacco-appendi- culata seu alata. HelonijE species, Auct. 1. HELONIAS vera. Flores lierinapbroditi (quandoque polygami, fide Bot. mag.) : stigmata revoluto-patentia : capsula lobi superne gib- boso-producti et divergentes quasi tricocci, debiscentia locu- licida ; loculis polyspermis: semina linearia, utrinque appen- diculata. Melanthacearum America; Septentrionalis Revisio. 131 Radix carnosa : folia omnia fere radicalia, conferla : scapus simplex, fistulosus: racemus spicatus, ovatus vel cylindraceus, densus: flores (pedicellis ebracteatis vel bracteis caducis) purpurascentes : anthera coeruleas. Helonias, Linn. (excl. H. asphodclioid.) Juss. gen. p. 47. 1. H. BULLATA. Helonias bullata, Linn. spec. 485, et Aman. acad. 3, p. 12, t. \,fig. 1 (excl. syn. Pluk. etc.) ; Willd. spec. 2, p. 273, fy in mag. naturf.fr. 2, p. 29 ; Bot. mag. t. 747; Bot. cab. t. 961 ; Redout. Lil. t. 13 ; Ram. Sf Schult. syst. 7, p. 1561 . H. latifolia, Michx.fi. 1, p. 212; Pursh, jl. 1, p. 242; Torr.fi. 1, p. 369. VeratrumAmericanum, racemosimplicissimo, etc. Mill. diet, (cd- 8,) no. 4. Radix crassa, pramorsa, amara, fibrosa. Folia spathulata, lanccolata, vel oblonga, fere pedalia, vix sesqui-unc. lata, mucronata, plana, interne longe sensim atfenuata quasi petiolata. Scapus pcdalis ct altior, basi tumidus et squamis membranaccis vestitus, supra crassiusculus, fere uudus, squamis sparsis minimis vel obsoletis, ad apiccm attenuatus. Racemus 1 — 3 unc. longus, densiflorus ; pedicellis colore et longitudine florum. Pcrianthii foliola ligulato-oblonga, obtusa, fere 2 lin. longa. Ovarium fuseo-purpureum. — Maio floret. Hab. In paludosis Novae Caesareae! Pennsylvanioa ! Marilandia?, et (fide Pursh) Virginiac. Obs. In Amarn. Acad. 1. c. (etiamque in Enc. Mjeth. t. 268,) stigmata capitata stylos filiformes coronantia impropie depicta sunt. 132 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. 2. Subgen. ChaMjELIRIUM. Flores dioici ; staminiferi quandoque rudimento ovarii ; pistilliferi filamentis parvis sterilibus : perianthii foliola anguste linearia, obtusa : capsula ovoidea, superne septicide (et locu- licide?) dehiscens ; loculis 4 — 8-spermis: scmina oblonga, vix compressa, utrinque late membranaceo-alata. Radix prsemorsa : caulis gracilis, superne subnudus ; folia radicalia plura, obovato-spathulata seu oblonga : caulina sparsa, angustiora : racemus spicatus, denique virgatus, densiflorus : flores (pedicellis ebracteatis vel bracteis caducis) albidi. Chamjelirium, Willd. in mag. naturf. fr. 2, p. 19. (cha- racter pessimus.) Ophiostachys, Redout. Lil. t. 464. Diclinotrys, Raf. neogen. (1825) p. 3. 2. H. (Cham^l.) dioica. Helonias dioica, Pursh, Jl. 1, p. 243, (excl. syn. Lam. cnc.) ; Ell. hot. S. Car. Sf Georg. 1, p. 423; Torr. .' Jl. 1, p. 370; Darlingt.fl. Ctst. (r.d.2,)p. 233. H. pumila, Jacq. coll. 2, p. 260, Sfir. rar. 2, I. 253; Willd. spec. 2, p. 275. H. lutea, Ait. hort. Kew. (ed. 2,) 2, p. 330 ; Bot. mag. I. 1062 ; Rmm. Sf Schult. syst. 7, p. 1565. Veratrum lutcum, Linn. spec. 1479, Sf Aman. acad. 3, t. 1, fig. 2 ; Willd. spec. 4, p. 896 ; Barton, elem. bot. t. 2, fig. 9 ; Nutt. ! gen. 1, p. 233. Melanthium dioicum, Walt. Car. p. 126. M. luteum, Willd. in mag. naturf. fr. 2, p. 23. Chatnaelirium Carolinianum, Willd. 1. c. p. 19. Radix crassa, amara, fibrosa. Caulis 1 — 2-(in planta fertili sa:p. 1579. T. borealis, Wahl. fl. Lapp. p. 89, Sffl. Suec. 1, p. 225; Richards. 1. c. ed. 1. T. alpina, Sternb. ; Sjircng. sysl. 2, p. 148. T. pusilla, Willd. mag. naturf.fr. I. c. ; Pursh,fl. 1, p. 246. T. (Trianth.) pusilla, Nult. gen. 1,^.236. Anthericum calyculatum 0. Linn. fl. Suec. 288, Sf fl. Lapp. (ed. 2,) p. 103, t. 10, fig. 3; Fl. Dan. t. 36. Hclonias borealis, Willd. spec. 2, p. 274. Naithccium borealc, Wahl. nov. acl. Holm. 26, ^>. 24. N. pusillum, Michx. fl. 1, p. 209. Hab. In paludosis, graminosis, etc. America; arcticse, et ab Unalaschka ! usque ad lacum Mistassins. Obs. Cl. Nuttallio perperam ad subgenus suum Triantha due it. 2. T. coccinea ; caule (erubescente) plerumquu diphj lie- ; spica capitate, ; involucris triphyllis ad flores fere sessiles ap- proximalis ; periantbii foliolis anguste obovatis, viridi-coccineis. Tofieldia coccinea, Richards, app. Frankl. journ. (ed. 2,) p. 11 ; Ram. Sf Schult. syst. 7, p. 1580 ; Hook. Sf Am. ! hot. Becchey, p. 130, I. 29 (bis). Hab. Ad oras maris hyperborei, Richardson ; in Una- laschka, Chamisso ; et ad fretuin Kotzebuanum, Bccchcy ! Obs. An priore satis diversa ? Specimen Unalaschkense in herb. cl. Torreyi (sub nom. T. borealis cl. Fischer communi- catum) utmmquo connectere videtur. 136 MdaiUhaccarum Americce Sej)te?itrionalus Revisio. 3. T. stenopetala, Smith. T. stenopetala, racemo cylindraceo, bractcis calycem superantibus, caule glabro diphyllo, petalis laDceolatis acutis. — S7trith, in trans, soc. Linn. 12, p. 243, t. 8, fig. 1. Hab. " Gathered by Kalm in North America, but in what part we are unable to determine. Three of his specimens are preserved in the Linnaean herbarium." Smith, I. c. Obs. Planta Linnaso cum T. j>alustri Sf T. alpina omnino confusa, et secundum Smith huicnimis affinis, in Ame- rica-boreali nullo nisi Kalmio detecta est. An specimina Kalmii vero in America aut in Europa-boreali lecta ? Plantas siccas e Gothlandia sub. nom. T. calyculata (T. alpina, Smith) a cl. Agardh et Casstrom miserunt, in herb. cl. Torreyi examinavi, quae descriptione tabulaque T. stenopetala; Smith bene qua- drant ; prajsertim antheris cordatis acutis, nee apice emarginatis ut in T. calyculata. 4. T. glabra ; caule inferne foliato ; racemo elongato, densifloro ; involucris trifidis floribus approximates ; carpellis apice distinctis, stylis vix ullis. Tofieldia glabra, Nutl. .' gen. 1, p. 235, <§- in trans. Am. phil. soe. (ser. 2.) 5, p. 153 ; Ram. i\ Schult. syst. 7, p. 1574, T. glaberrima, MacBride, in Ell. ! hot. S. Car. cy Oeorg. I, p. 424; Ram. 4" Schult. 1. c. p. 1570 ; Sprcng. syst. 2, p. 144. Radix fasciculata ex Nutt., fere tuberosa ex Ell. Caulis 2 — 3-pe- dalis, supra basin 2 — 3-foliatus. Folia fere T. pubentis. Racemus spici- formis, cylindrieus, 1 — 5 unc. longus ; pedicellis (confertis, interdum bi- natis) longitudine fiorum, bracteis subulatis paulo longioribus. Flores paululum inajores quam in T. pubenle, virescenti-albi. [Perianthii foliola ovali-oblonga. Filamcnta crasse subulata, complanata, infern^ sensim dilatata, demum plana, 1-nervla. Anthcrm oblongx, introrsa;; loculis inferne distinctis et subdivergentibus. Capsula triloba, denique iripar- tibilis ; carpellis 8 — 10-spermis, stylo brcvissimo apiculatis : stigmata subcapiiata. Scmina lineari-oblonga. Mclanlhaccarum America Scplcntrinnalis Revisio. 137 Hob. In paludosis et pratis humidis prope Wilmington Carolina: super. Nuttall! et Curtis! prope Columbiam, Ca- rolina;, infer. (MacBridc), et in Arkansa (Nuttall). Obs. Facie fere T. yubentis ; floribus specierum verarum. Sprengelperperitm ad T. ccrnuam ducit. 2. Subgen. Triantha. Null. Spica racemiformis, e fasciculis altcrnis sa:pius 3-floris composita, modo florendi centrifugo : antherts innatae : semina utrinque subulato-caudata. Herbje caulibus pedicellis(|iie pulvcrulcnto-pubentibus vel glandulosis. 5. T. (Triantha) pubens ; caule subnudo, asperiuscule pulverulento-pubenle ; spica multirlorsi e fasciculis subdistan- tibus ; capsuhi vix pcriantbium superante. Tofieldia pubens, Dryand. in Ail. liort. Kcw.(td. 2,)p. 326; Ell. hot. S. Car. Sf Gcorg. 1, p. 424 ■, Smith, in trans, soc. Lin. 12, p. 245 ; Torr. ! fl. 1, p. 371 ; Spreng. syst. 2, p. 144 ; Ram. Sy Schult. syst. 7, p. 1570. T. pubcsccns, Pcrs. syn. 1, p. 399; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 246; Redout. Lil. t.224. T. (Triantha) pubcsccns, Nutt.gai. 1, />. 236. Mclanthium racemosuni, Watt. Car. p. 126, non Michx. Narthccium pubens, Michx. fl. 1, p. 209. Anthericum calyculaimn, TAnn.hort. Cliff.; Gron. Virg. fide Smith. Rhizoma horizontalis, subinde lubcrosa ex auct. Folia lincaria, elon- gata. Scapus fere nudus, supra (pedicelliaque prasertim) pubescentia subglandulari. Spica 1 — 4 unc. longa, fasciculis imisinternodisbreviori- bus. Pedicelli floribus parum longiores, singuli bractea parva, et fasci- cule- bractea comnmni minima stipati; involucro tridentato sub fiore. Perianthium virideseonti-albidum ; foliolis oblongo-obovalis, altcrnis VOL. IV. 18 138 Melanthacearum Amcriae Septcntrionalis Re,visio. brevioribus. Filamcnta subulata, perianthium fflquantia. AnOierie (griseee vel purpurascentcs) breviter oblongs, basi bifidae, demum subcor- datse. Capsula brunnea, ovata, subtriloba ; carpellis ad apicem coalilis, dorso carinatis, stylis divergentibus subulatis dosincntibus. — Julio — Sept. floret. Hob. In pinetis humidis et sylvis herbosis, a Delaware ad Alabamam ! et Floridam ! 6. T. (Triantha) glutinosa ; caule inferne folioso, scabride glanduloso; spica. pauciflora e fascicttlis approxi- matis ; capsula periantbium superante. Tofieldia (Triantha) glutinosa, Nutt. gen. 1, p. 236. T. glutinosa, Willd. in mag. natwrf.fr.2,p.29; Pursh,Jl. 1,^.246; Smith, in trans, soc. Lin. 12, p. 246, I. 8, fig. 2; Spreng. syst. 7, pi 144 (exel. syn.) ; Ram. 8{ Schult. syst. 7, p. 1571 ; Bongard, vcg. Sit- cha, I. c. p. 167. Narthecium glutinosum, Michx.fi. I, p. 210. Rhizoma horizontals, subligneum, fibris longis simplicibus. Caulis pe- dalis, gracilis, suprruc nudiis (quandoque folio bractcifonni) glandulis glutinosis asperulisquc conspersus, inferno foliosus. Folia breviora quam in '1\ jmbenle, fere obtusa. Spica fere uncialis; fasciculis (4 — 6, s*pe 1-floris) coarctatis. Pcdicclli asperulo-pubentes, sspe glandulosi, flores vix rcquantes, bractea cormnuni lata semiamplectante, etsinguli bractea minima stipati : involucrum vix tridentatum et quasi truncatum a flore paululiim distans. Perianthii foliola oblonga vel ovali-obovata, altcrnis paulo longioribus. Filamcnta perianthium demum paulo superantia. AnthertE fuscic, brcvioresquam in T.pubcntc, demum rot undo-conlafa;. Capsula perianthio pcrsistente fern duplo longior, ovata, apiee purpuras- cente; carpellis ad apicem coalilis, stylis brevibus vix divergentibus abrupte desinentibus ; stigmata fere capitata. Hab. In sylvis Canada? (a Quebec ! ad lacum Mistassins Michaux) Micbigan ! Ohio! Indiana! et Americas bor.-occ usque ad insulam Sitcha ! Ruthenorum. Obs. Melanthium aspeiicaule, Poir. quod Sprengel ad hanc et Ream. & Schult. ad T. fubentem duck, est Amianthii species. Melanthacearum America Sepientrionalis Rerisio. 139 10. PLEEA. Michx. Flores hermaphroditi. Perianthii foliola (lanceolata) petaloidea, basi subcoalita, exunguiculata, eglandulosa, stella- tirn patentissima. Stamina 9 — 12 ! ; filamentis subulato-seta- ceis cum perianthio insertis, eodemque brevioribus. Antherve lineares, basi bifida;, sinum affixae (versatilcs), introrsa:, bilocu- lares ; valvis post dehiscentiam dorso ad dorsum appressis. Ovaria 3, angulis internis coalita, pluriovulata, stylis brevibus subulata : stigmata simplicia. Capsula coriacea, ovata, triloba ; carpellis polyspermis, dorso carinatis, intus dehiscentibus. Semtna oblonga, apice setaceo-caudata. Caules graciles, junciformes, e rhizomatibus casspitosis ; radicibus fibrosis rubris : folia (pleraque radicalia) disticha, sempervirentia, arida, asquitantia, angustissima, acutissima; vaginis foliorum radicalium a;quitantibus, caulinorum convo- luto-amplcctantibus, marginibus non coalitis : raccmus simplex, pauci-(plerumque 6-) florus : bractecc spatbaceae (vaginis foli- orum superiorum similes,) pedicellos singulos bibracleolatos includentes : flores pallide crocei ex Miclix. et Nutt. ! albidi extus viridescentes ex Bol. mag. Pleea, Michx. ji. 1, p. 247, t. 25 ; Pursh, fl. 1, v . 275 ; Nutt. ! gen. 1, p. 261 ; Ell. hot. S. Car. <$' Georg. 1, p. 465 ; Sjneng. sysl. 2, p. 264 ; Bot. mag. t. 1956. PljEa. Pcrs. syn. 1, p. 451. Obs. Genus distinctissimum, affine hie Toficldicc illic Zigadeno. Stigmata sessilia ex Michaux sunt rect6 styli breves stigmatibus simplicibus desinentes. 140 Mclanthaccarum America Septentrionalis Rcvisio. P. tenuifolia. Michx. I. c. et Auct. cit. Pedalis vol bipedalis. Folia radicalia 8—12 unc. longa, fore lineam lata, sensim acutissima; laminis infra apicem vagina: ortis; caulina perpauca; surnma lamina brevi, setacea. Bractea: (Mongx, convoluta;, pedicellum penitiis involventes, cuspidate. Pedicelli unciales, angulati, medio 2 bractcolis parvis allernis muniti. Perianthii foliolafere arida, suba:qualia, acuta. Filamcnta ad apicem attenuata; anlheris fuscis. CajKula fusco-purpurascens, pcrianthio pcrsistente brevior ; carpellis sub- eymbneformibus, inlus (et s;cpe dorso demum) dehiscentibus. Semina plurima, brunnea, biseriata, basi vix appendiculata, apice subitd caudS gracillima instrucla. Hab. In udis apertis Carolina; superioris prope Wilming- ton, Bclile-' Nutlall! Curtis! et in Carol, infer, fide Michaux. Melanthacese Boreali-Americana; mihi ignotse sunt, 1. Melanthium spicatum, Walt. Car. p. 125. (An luvjus ordinis ?) 2. Helonias ghaminea, Bol. mag. 1. 1599. (Iconem non vidi.) Monograph of the Species op Pasimachus inhabiting the United States ; with Descriptions of two New Genera, belonging to the family Carabica. By John L. Le Conte. Read Novem- ber 9th, 1845. The genus Pasimachus was established by Bonelli, on two large North American Carabica, descrihed by Fabricius as Scarites; a species discovered by Palisot de Beauvois was found to be con- generic with them, and shortly afterwards our distinguished com- patriot, Mr. Say, described a fourth species. A fifth was detected in Mexico, and very recently Mr. Haldeman has added to the Fauna of the United States another, which he communicated to the scientific world, through the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Having collected a great number of specimens from different parts of our country, on submitting them to examination, several new species were rendered apparent, and in view of this fact, it was thought necessary to prepare a short notice of them. To facil- itate the determination of these, it was deemed expedient to introduce descriptions of the species heretofore mentioned by au- thors, more especially as several important characters appear to have been overlooked. The paper has thus assumed somewhat the form of a monograph, though I should scarcely wish to dignify a work so imperfect by such a name. To avoid repetition, I follow the example of Westwood in class- ing with the generic marks, all those characters which appear to be constant in every species, although of such slight importance as scarcely to be regarded essential to the constitution of the genuB. Pasimachus is nearly allied to Scarites, Acanthoscelis, Oxygna- thus, Carenum, and several other genera of the Scaritides, by means of its obtuse maxillae ; in the firstof these genera the tooth with which this organ is usually terminated, exists in a very rudimentary state, and in the others it is not perceptible. In its dentated mandibles it resembles Carenum, Scarites, and a few others. By the woll- marked posterior angles of the thorax, it exhibits a leading off to- 142 Species of Pasimachus wards Mono, Catadromus, and the other allied genera of the Har- palidic. An approach to this is also visible in the genus Carcnum ; some of the species of which resemble Pasimachus deprcssusin tho form of the thorax. Another link in this chain will be found in the genus Euryde- rus, which with the head and body of a Harpalide, combines the palmated tibias of Scarites and its allies ; in some minor points, this genus exhibits a relation to Daptus, and the other androgynomor- phous Harpalidae, while the genus Gnathoxys, (Westwood,) uni- ting to the oral organs of the Feronidae, tho antennae, feet, and pedunculated abdomen of Scarites, affords still another point in the chain of affinitus. The last insect described in this paper, (which is probably con- generic with Helluo pygmaeus (Dej.) of which, however, I do not possess a specimen,) I regard as forming one of tho line of analo- gies connecting the Brachinidae, and Harpalidee, the Scaritidae also tending towards the same point ; in the form of the antennae and body, it closely resembles some of the species of Ozmna, while its oral organs approximate it to Morio. PASIMACHUS Bonelli. Corpus subelongatum, parallelum, apterum. Caput latum, subquadratum, depressum, impressione utrinque a labio quadrantc cxteriore, postice tendente, et inter oculos cess- ante, lineaque obliqua ab angulis anticis rectis, ad imprcssionem, notatum. Mandibul« lata?, validae, acutae, dentatae, dente lato, sinistro ■ emarginato. Tab. I., c. Maxillje apice rotundatae, intus dense barbatae. Tab. I., a. Labrum breve, latum, rugulosum, antice utrinque sinuatum. Labivm articulatum, magnum, antice utrinque profunde emar- ginatum, ita ut trilobatum videtur, lobo exteriore rotundato, medio minore, apice fere acuto. Tab. I., b. Palpi lahiales e radiculis, ad lobi medii latus orientes, articulis duobus liberis, lmo elongato, cylindrico, 2ndo sesqui minore, ob- inhabiting the United, States. ' 1 43 conico, apice paulo truncate. Tab. 1. b. : maxillares externi arti- culo lmo crassiusculo, paulo incurvato, 2ndo breviore elongate, 3io obconico, truncate : interni, filiformes, articulis, duobus aequali- bus. Tab. I., a. Antenn-e ante oculos ad mandibularum basin, fovea profunda, inserts, articulo lmo longiore, crassiorc, superne concaviusculo 2ndo reliquis acquante, execpto tcrtio paulo longiore, ultimo ovate, fere acuto. Ocun parvi, rotundati. Thorax subcoi'datus, vel subquadratus, antice leviter emargi- natus, angulis anticis acutis, postice medio obtusangulariter emargi- natus, lateribus plus minusve, et prajcipue ad basin, depressus; plerisque impressio obsoleta a margine ad impressiomen basalem extendit, quae, impressio basalis exterior vocetur. Elytra parallela, quibusdam convexa, aliis fere depressa, mar- gine rcflexo, postice, turn valde rotundalo ex elytrorum convexitate, turn subacuminata videntur. Pedes mediocres, postici longiores. Tibia; anlica subpalmatae, interne emarginatae, externe denti- bus tribus, duobus anticis longis validis armatae : intermedia cras- siusculae, margine exteriore ciliis dentibusque minutis instructo, spinaque terminali valida, longa, obtusa: spinis duabus internis gracilibus acutis : posticm longiores, graciliores, ciliis dentibusque eodem modo, spina externa brevi, internis duabus, longis, acutis. Tarsi filiformes, articulis primis longioribus, reliquis, anticis brevibus, triangularibus : intermediis obconicis, posticis vero cylin- dricis, omnibus infra ciliatis. Ungues simplices, graciles. Larva P. clongati, latebram profundam in solo format, ibique mores larva; Cicindelue simulat, caiite ad os latebrae apposito, praedam expectat, et victimam infelicem propius instantem, ferociter corripit : P. marginati,et aliomm, sub arborum eraortuarum cortice victitant. 144 Species of Pasimachus Species hujus generis turmas tres efformant, scilicet: § 1. Elytra lrevia, pone basin paulo dilatata, apice sub acumi- nata : thorax lateribus valde rotundatis, ad basin contractus, angu- lis rccurvis. § 2. Elytra leviter striata, parallela, apice subrotundata : thorax (P. obsoleto exceptis) lateribus vix arcuatis, basi paulo angustior. § 3. Elytra sulcata, vel costis elevatis instructa, planiuscula, apice sub acuminata; thorax lateribus depressis, vix arcuatis, basi paulo angustior. f C » 5 "5 C" leviter irnpressis, depressus a. I . •S / foi tioribus, linea transversa connexis, mono. If \\ III punctulatus, S * longiuscula, margine remotiuscula ; ) c i on ,r a t u8 . corpore angustiore, convexiore. J nspicuis incurvatis, acute profundis vix conspicuis substriatus. obsoletus. parvis .•S C 53 rugosis, laevibus, h 1 quatuor indistinctis alternatim aCutioribus assimilis. rugosus. sublaevis. subsulcatus. marginatus. inhabiting the United States. 145 $ 1. ELYTRA LCEVIA. Sp. 1. depressus. Niger, nitidus ; thorace et elytris, cyaneo-marginatis, illo im- pressionibus basalibus levibus ; maudibulis glabris. Habitat in provinciis australibus. Tab. I., Jig. I. Scarites depressus. Fabr. Systema Eleuth. Vol. I., p. 123. Niger nitidus. Caput, impressionibus frontalibus rectis la?vi- bus, linea levi ad angulum capitis anteriorem extendente, rugulis paucis indistinctis notata ; mandibular glabra? ; labium utrinque ad latera imprcssum, longitudinaliter rugosum ; antenna articulis qua- tuor primis nitidis, caeteris brunneo pilosis. Thorax lateribns tenuiter cyaneo-marginatus, linea longitudinali levi ; impressione transversa antica margine approximata, ad latera distincta, medio leviter notata ; basalibus levibus, subtriangularibua, postico incur- vis, rugulis paucis indistinctis notatiB : impressione basali exteri- ore lata, levi. Elytra glabra convexa, lateribus rotundata, apice subacuminata, tenuiter cyaneo-marginata, lir.ea punctorum elato- rum juxta marginem reflexum signata; carina brevi acuta, ahu- mero infra tendente, quae carina humeralis vocetur. Tibia posticae spina interior exteriore duplo longior. * Sp. 2. morio. Niger, laevis ; maudibulis glabris ; thorace improssionibus basa- libus prof'undioribus, posticd conncxis. Habitat in Carolina, a Dom. Zimmerman reccptus. Tab. I., fig. 2- Statura fere praecedentis, sed paulo latior, et minus nitidus ; Caput impressionibus frontalibus paulo longioribus, linea solita versus angulum tendente exterius dilatata fofaulaque levi interna paulo pone juncturam ; mandibular et antenna: sicut in praecedente ; labrum antice sinuatum, fossulis rugisque pluribus notatum. Thorax lateribus minus rotundatis ; impicssiono transversa ante- riorem argine approximata, medio fere obsolcta; linea longitudi- nali levissima ; impressione transversa posterioro fortiter notata 146 Species of Pasimachus cum basalibus parallelis longioribus levibus juncta; basalibus ex- terioribus levioribus. Elytra lateribus paulo rotundioribus, carina humerali sericque punctorum ut in praecedente instructa ; tibia; posticas spina interior brevior. Sp. 3. punctulatus. Niger, nitidus, sub cyaneo-marginatus ; mandibulis transverse leviter rugosis, impressionibus frontalibus profundis, rngosis, linea obliqua rugulis plurimis ; impressionibus thoracis basalibus subru- gosis, posticd subcoeuntibus ; elytris linois punctorum plus minusue distinctis. Habitat in Alabama, Texas, et ad flumen Arkansas prope mon- tes. Tab I., fig. 3. Pasimachus punctulatus, Haldeman, Proceeding Ac. Nat. So., Phil. ; Vol. I., p. 299. Sequenti similimus, sed major, et subcyanoo-marginatus ; lab- rum cr.ebre striatum ; caput impressionibus profundioribus rugosis, linea obliqua solita striolis transversis. Thorax lineis transversis crebris undulatis, impressionibus basalibus undulato-rugosis, inte- rius approximatis. Elytra lineis pluribus punctorum indistincto- rum, quae interdum cessant. * Sp. 4. lasvis. Niger, nitidus; mandibulis transversa leviter rugosis; impres- sionibus frontalibus minus profundis, linea obliqua fossuliformi ; thoracis basalibus subtriangularibus. laevibus. Habitat New Tersey. Tab. \.,fig. 4. Niger nitidus ; corpus latiuseulum. Mandibular rugulis trans- versis notatas ; labium utrinque ad lateia imprcssum anliccquo leviter sinuatum ; fossulis rugisque pluribus notatum ; impression- ibus frontalibus minus profundis, interne dilatatis ; linea solita in fossulam prof'undam ad angulum dilatata. Thorax lateribus valde rotundatus, postice valde retractus; impressionibus basalibus rec- tis laevibus, exteriore transversa, recta, lovi. Elytra omnino ut in depresso. inhabiting the United States. 147 * Sp. 5. elongatus. Angustior ; niger, nitidus ; thorace, elytrisque cyanco-margina- tus ; mandibulis, labio, impressionibusquc capitis ct thoracis rugo- sis 5 caiina humcrali longiore. Habitat in Tcrritorio Missouriensi ubique. Tab. I., Jig- 5. Pasimachus deprcssus, var. a. Say. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, New Series, Vol. II., p. 19. Niger nitidus ; corpus angustius, convexiusculum ; mandibulas transverse rugOBSB, labrum fortitcr striatum, versus medium utrin- queimpressum ; impressionibus frontalibus profundis, rugulis paucis indistinctis ; linea obliqua fortiter impressa, rugis notata. Thorax lateribus minus rotundatus cccruleo-marginatus ; impressione trans- versa anteriore ad latera profunda, medio obsoleta ; linea longitu- dinal! satis distincta; basalibus triangularibus profundis, rugulis paucis notatis. Elytra longiora, angustiora, apice minus subacu- minata, ccBruleo-marginata, lineis punctorum levibus notata, quae sicut in punctulato, intcrdum obsoletae sunt. $ 2. ELYTRA STRIATA. * Sp. 6. substriatus. Niger, nitidus, subcyanco-marginatus; mandibulis oblique striatis impressionibus frontalibus postice obsoletis, antice rugosis ; thora- cis impressionibus parvis, triangularibus, profundis, rugosis ; elytris levissime striatis, transverseque rugosis. Habitat Long Island, provincial Novi Eboraci. Tab. I., fig. 6. Pasimachus substriatus, LeContc, per Halderman, Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. Vol. I. p. 313. Niger, nitidus, subcyaneo-marginatus ; caput rugulis paucis pone oculos ; impressionibus frontalibus postice vix conspicuis, an- tice rugis paucis, linea obliqua profunda, valida, rugulis notata; labrum rugosum, antice medio tridontatum, deilte inleinicdio ma- jore, rotund ato ; mandibuhr, oblique striata'. Thorax rugulis paucis ad latera, margins subcyanca, angulis posticis obtusis ; impressione US Species of PasimacJitia transversa antoriore, medio obsoleta ; linea longitudinali satis dis- tincta, impressione lata levi ad dodrantem ; impressionibus basali- bus parvis, jn-ofundis, triangularibus, rugis paucis brevibus notatis. Elytra parallels, convexa, apice subacuminato-rotundata, cyaneo- margniata, levissime ct obsoletissimc striata, striis latis, exleriori- bus paulo evidentioribus, rugis nonnullis obsoletis transversis. Tibia; intermediae breviusculae. * Sp. 7. obsolctiis. Niger, nitidus ; raandibulis leviter striatis ; impressionibua frontahbus profundis, rugosulis notatis ; basalibus prof'undis, nigo- sis, incurvatis; elytris sulcis tribus exteris evidentioribus, reliquis obsolotLs, linea simplici punctorum notatis. Habitat ad flumen Platte, prope Rocky Mountains. Tab. I., fg.l. Niger nitidus subcyaneo-marginatus. Mamlibulaz leviter stria- ta? ; labrum utrinque striatum, medio magis exstans, laeve ; impres- eiones frontales profunda?, marginem anticum capitis attingentes, rugosulis pluribus notatae ; linea obliqua valida. Thorax postice retractus, margine rotundatus, angulis posticis rectis ; impressioni- bus basalibus prol'undis, rugosis incurvatis, medio fere coeuntibus ; linea longitudinali tenui. Ehjtra minus parallela, pone bumeios paulo dilatata ; propterea, sectionis primae formam assumit corpus ; sulcis duobus externis distinctis, tertioque satis notato, reliquis ob- soletissimis, lineis quinque punctorum simplicibus substitutis, Ce- teris pracedentes asaimilat. * Sp. 8. assimilis. Ni^er, nitidus, subcyaneo-marginatus; mandibulis oblique stri- atis impressionibus frontalibus rugulis paucis anticis ; tboracc ru- guloso ; impressionibus basalibus levibus ; elytris opaciusculis, striatis, striis leviter rugose-punclatis. Habitat in Georgia, rarius. Tab. I., fig. 8. Niger nitidus, subcyaneo-marginatus ; mandibu!a oblique ru- inhabiting the United States. 149 gosae, labrum sicut in substriato ; impressionilms frontalibus rectis, antice rugulosis, Hnea obliqua profunda. Thoracis forma substri- atum, et sequentes omnino rcfort, minus tamen an! ice rotundatus, rugulis indistinctis, prassertim ad latcra notatus ; impressione trans- versa anteriore, margine approximata, medio oblitcrata, linea lon- gitudinali distincta ; basalihus lcvibus, ad marginem subextendenti- bus. Elytra parallela, convexa, postice sub-rotundata, cyaneo-mar- ginata, minus nitida, striata, striis rugosc-punctatis, externis latiori- bus, sulcos effingentibus, 3ia. et 7ma. 5ta. et Gla. versus apicem conjunctis. Caeteris praecedentes refert. * Sp. 9. rvgosus. Latiusculus, cyaneo-marginatus ; mandibulis rugosis ; impres- sionibus frontalibus levibus, linea obliqua profunda, excavata ; tho- racis basalibus incurvatis parvis, rugosis ; elytris striis latioribus. Habitat in Nova Caesarea. Tab. 11., Jig. 1. Corpus latius, convexinsculum, nigrum, cyaneo-marginatum, mandibulcB et labrum, sicut in praecedente : impressionibus frontali- bus levibus; linea obliqua cxarata, profunda, laevi ; thorax lateri- bus antice vix rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis ; impressione transversa anteriore, medio oblitcrata, distincta ad la- tera ; liuea longitudinali profunda, rugulis paucis transversis inter- secta ; basalibus brevibus, postice incurvatis, rugosis, rugisque no- nullis versus angulum posticum. E'l/tra ut in prascedente, sed striae paulo latiores, 3ia. et. 4ta. 5ta. et Gta. conjunctis. Sp. 10. subleevis. Latiusculus, cyaneo-marginatus ; mandibulis rugosis, impressi- onisms frontalibus latis rugulosis, linea obliqua distincta, basalibus oblongis, rectis, laevibus, elytris striis (exceptis primis duabus) lati- oribus, sulcos simulantibus. Habitat in Georgia. Tab. \\.,fig. 2. Scarites subljpvis. PaLsot dc Beauvois. Insectcs d'AJrique et d'Amcrique, p. 107. 160 Species of Pasimac/ius Statura fere praecedentis, paulo latior; mandibulis ot labro pri- ores refert : impressionibus frontalibus longioribus, latis, subrugo- sis ; lines obliqua, distincta, rugulis notata. Thorax margine ver- sus angulum posticum latiorc ; basi non marginatus (quo ab omni- bus aliis differt) ; impressiono transversa anteriore medio oblitera- ta; linea longitudinali distincta ; basal ibus longioribus, rectis, pos- tico incurvatis, profundis, laevibus. Elytra striis externis profundi- oribus, prima angusta, inconspicua, rcliquis latis, sulcos simulanti- bus, 3ia. et 4ta. 5ta. et Gta. versus apicem coeuntibus, omnibus in- conspicue rugoso-punctatis. $ 3. ELYTRA COSTIS ELEVATIS. Sp. 11. subsulcatus. Dcprcssior, postice sub-acuminatus, niger, cyaneo-marginatus : mandibulis fere glabris ; impressionibus frontalibus profundis, cyaneo-tnicantibus ; impressionibus basalibus profundis, laevibus ; elytris costis subelevatis indistinctissimis. Habitat in provinces australibus, rarius. Tab. II., Jig. 3. Pasimacbus subsulcatus. Say. Trans. Am. Pliilos. Soc. New Series, Vol. XI., p. 19. Corpus depressum, postice subacuminatum, cyanco-marginatum, mandiuulec rugulis paucis obsoletis ; hibrum utrinque fovcolistribus, antice Bub-tridentatum ; impressionibus frontalibus profundis, latis, violaceo-submicantibus ; linea obliqua distincta transverse rugosa. Thorax subquadratus, antice emarginatus, angulis anticis acutis, lateribus leviter rotundatis, margine reflexo, angulis posticis subrec- tis: imprcssione transversa anteriore margine approximata, medio vix distincta : linea longitudinali bene notata ; basalibus profundis, postice subcoeunlibus, violaceo-submicantibus, cum imprcssione altera, juxta margincm, subrotunda. Eh'tra costis el atis obsoletis, (prope suturam obliterans,) altcrnatim evidontioribus, margine re- flexo. Subtus violaceomicans, abdomen nigrum. inhabiting the United States. 151 Sj>. 12. marginatus. Dcprcssior, postice sub-acuminatus : niger vtolaceo-marginatus ; mandibular subrugosae ; impressionibus frontalibus lalis, rugosis, postice sub-coentibus, thoracis margine depresso, latiusculo, basali- bus latis minima profundis, elytra 7-costata, costis altcmatim evi- dentioribus. Habitat in proyinciis australibus, communius. Tab. If., Jig. 1. Scaritcs marginatus Fabr. Sys. Eleuth. p. 123. Pasimachus sulcatus Mac Leay.Dej. Cat. Niger, opaciusculus, depressior, postice subacuminatus, sub- violacoo marginatus ; mandihulce rugis paucis indistinctis ; labium profunde linpressum, anticesubtridentatum ; impressiones frontales latae, subrugosae, violaceo-micantes, postice subcoeuntes linea ob- liqua distincta. Thorax SubquadratUB lateribus leviter rotundatus, depressis, violaceis versus basin latioribus ; impressione transversa anteriore distincta, basalibus latis, geminis, levihus, interiore sub- triangulari, postice versus medium (etidente, extcriore subroturida; linea longitudinali distincta. Elytra costis scptem clevatis, nitidi- oribus, suturali vix distincta, 2da. ct 4ta. 6ta. et 7ma. distinctioribus, postice coeuntibus. Subtus subviolaceo-micans ; abdomen nigrum. EURYDERUS, Nov. Gen. Corpus crassum, ellipticum, convexum, alatum. Caput triangulare, postice non retractum. Mandibular validae, obtusie, dente parvo prope basin. Tab. II, fig. 5, c. Maxilla?, angust.-r, apice incurvatw, valdo acuta?, intus cilitGB. Tab. II. fig. 5, b. Labbum Bubquadratum. angulia anticis rotundatis. Laiiium antico profunde emarginatum, basi cmarginationis sub- recta. Palpi labiates filiformes, art'eulis dunlins cequalibuB, ultimo ovali apico paulo truncato. Tab. II. Jig. 5. b. maxillarcs filiformes, articulis Bllbaequalibus, ultimis paulo brcvioribus, ovalibus, apice paulo truncatis. interni parvi, tenues. Tab. II. Jig. 5. b. 152 Species of Pasimuchus AntenNjE ad mandibularum basin, juxta oculos insertae ; articulo primo longiorc, crassiore, reliquis sequalibus, quinto sequen- tibusque. submoniliformibus, ultimo ovali. Tab. II. Jig. 5. a. Oculi mediocrcs rotundati. Thorax subquadiatus, longitudine duplo latior, antice leviter emar- ginatus, angulis obtusis, lateribus rotundatus, ad basin rec- tum depressis, angulis posticis planis rectis. Elytra thorace baud latiora, parallela, apico rotundata, stria ru- dimcntali inter primam et secundam posita. Scutellum mediocre. Pedes validae. Tibi* anticae subpalmatae, latae, extus subemarginatae, dente ante- riore producto, obtuso, intus profunde emarginatas, calcara antico magno crasso. intermediae et posticae extus ciliatae. Tarsi antice articulis trangularibus, maris, foeminseque similes, re- liqui subfiliformcs. Tab. 11. Jig. 5. d. CoX/E postica3 externe productae, apice acutae. Ungues simplices, graciles. Genus hocce ad Harpalidarum familiam pertinet. * E. zahroides. Niger, nitidus, elytris interstitio 2ndo. 4to. et Cto. punctorum serie notatis. Habitat apud flumcn Platte supra furcationem, solo vagans. Tab. II. fig. 5. Niger nitidus; labrum setis parvis nonnullis ; antenna: articulis primis quatuor setis paucis, reliquis brunneo-pilosis. Cnprt im- pressionibus duabus inter oculos, brevibus, latis, sparse punctatis, linea transversa antice conncxis. Thorax marginc deprcsso, punc- tata, propc basin latiorc, setis longis nonnullis c punctis magnis juxta marginem orientibus ; ante imprcssionem transversam distinc- tam punctis paucis notatus ; linea longitudinali distincta : basi pone inhabiting the United Slates. 153 impressionem transversam posticam, depressa, punctata ; basalibus distinctis punctatis. Scutellum laeve. Elytra striata, stria rudimen- tali long;i, interstitio 2ndo. 4to. et Gto. serie punctorum, e quibus oriuntur setaa longas. Epipleurce punctis impressis setiferis. Pedes et abdomen setis plurimis instructi. PSYDRUS. gen. nov. Corpus depressum, subelongatum. Caput latum, triangulare, pone oculos constrictum. MandihuljE validae acutae. Maxill/E apice incurvatas acuminata. Labrum breve, leviter emarginatum. Labium magnum, concavum, profunde emarginatum, dente nullo. Tab. II, fig. 6, b. Palpi labiales breves, articulo ultimo paulo longiore, crassiore, apice truncate maxillares extend, articulo penultimo duplo breviore, ultimo apice truncate interni tenues. Antenna; apice paulo incrassatee, setiferas : articulo primo longi- ore, crasso, secundo, quarto, ct sequentibus moniliformibus, aequalibus, 3io. paulo longioro, ultimo majore ovali. Tab. II. fig. 6. a. Oculi rotundati prominentes. Thorax subcordatus, lateribus rotundatus, basi retractus, angulis posticis acute rectis. Elytra thorace latiora, plana, apice neque sinuata nee truncata. Pedes mediocres. Tarsi latiusculi ; antici, articulis triangularibus, penultimo parvo. Tibia: anticas, intus profunde emarginatos. Ungues simpliccs. Cox* postica?, lata} apice truncat83. Genus bocce post Ozasnam Bracbinidarum ponendum. 154 Species of Pasimachus. * P piccus. Piceus nitidus, capite, thoraceque punctatis ; elytris profunde striato-punctatis, intcrstitiis punctis parvis scrie dispositis. Habitat ad Eagle River, lacus Superioris. Tab. II. Jig, 6. Piccus, nitidus ; caput punctatum, impressiones frontalcs longas obliquas, profunda?, grosse punctata 1 , setisque paucis. Os ferrugi- neum. Antenna articulis tribus primis glabris, reliquis brunneo- pilosis. Thorax tarn latus quam longus, punctatus, densius prope basin, antice non emarginatus, lateribus tcnuissime marginatus, se- tis tribus longis, ad angulum anticum, medio, et ad angulum posti- cum positis ; linea longitudinali bene notata, imprcssione transver- sa antica distincta, margine remota : postica valde profunda, basal- ibus brevibus, profundis, basi depresso-coeuntibus. Elytra thorace latiora, latitudine duplo longiora, angulis humeralibus rotundatis, profunde striato-punctatis, intcrstitiis planis, punctis minutis, ordine dispositis ; setis longis nonullis e serie punctorum marginali orien- tibus ; epipleuris concavis lasvibus. Subtus punctatus ; tibice et tarsi brunnei, pilosi. Description of a New Species op Apus, by John Le Conte, F. L. S., &c. Read December 8th, 1845. Among the many valuable objects of Natural History which my son procured during his late journey to the Rocky Mountains, one of the most interesting is the small crustaceous animal, which ia the subject of the present communication. The genus Apus, originally considered by Linne, along with the Litnulus or Horse-shoe Crab of our own sea coast, as species of Monoculus, received its present name from the illustrious John Anthony Scopoli. To both the genera Monoculus and Limulus, it bears a striking external resemblance, particularly to the latter : indeed, if we consider its facies alone (setting aside the naked tail,) we should be very apt to conclude that it was a close congener of them. But when properly studied, there will be found a vast in- terval between these animals, both as regards the structure of the body, and the detail of the oral and masticatory organs. This in- terval is undoubtedly filled up by numerous beings, either not known or not yet sufficiently examined ; " Natura enim non facit saltus :" Savigny has observed that there is as much difference be- tween them as between a crab and a spider (phalangium.) But three species of Apus are known to Naturalists; the A cancriformis the A. productus of Leach, by him called Lepidu- rus, and the A. Montagui, of the same author. The first and last of these are readily distinguished from our species by the shortness of the caudal extremity, and the other by having an oval horizontal lamina extending from the emargination of the last joint of the tail.* It may not bo amiss to observe here, that the animal described by Mr. Say, in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 1, page 437, and considered by Dr. Dekay, in the fifth volume of the Natural History of this State, as an Apus, cannot belong to the same genus as this which we are now considering, as it was found parasitic on a crab, and has but two eyes ; from the very imperfect description, it is impossible to say what it is. It seems to have some relation to Caligus, but as I ob- * In the first volumo of Major Long's Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, mention is made of a species of Apus, throo-tcntlis of en inch in length, but no detailed description is given : it may belong to somo other gonus of Crustacea. 156 A New Species of Apus. served before, it is impossible to determine where it should be arranged. * APUS LONGICAUDATUS. Pale brown : Luckier large, thin, gibbous, nearly round, carinate on the middle of the back, deeply emarginate behind, the edges of the emargination fringed with short spines : eyes three, simple, the two anterior larger, approximate, somewhat lunate, the third one round, placed in the middle behind the two others : antennas very short, inserted near the mandibles, two-jointed, joints clyndrical, subequat, the second joints somewhat accumulate and naked at the tip : first pair of feet, or as they have been called, exterior anten- nae, furnished with four articulated filaments; of these filaments, the outer one is longer than the body, the next half the length of the first, the third about one third the length of the second, and the fourth very short : the other feet, amounting to ten pair, are flattened, trifid at the tip, the intermediate division being the long- est, furnished ou the inner side with a short branch, and exter- nally with a broad lamina ; below these feet are twelve pair of laminae, the five anterior pair larger, the seven smaller pair reach- ing to the vent, which is covered by the last pair ; these laminae are complicated in their structure, and ciliate with short hairs : tail long, consisting of sixteen joints counting downwards from the vent, the last one the longest, somewhat coriaceous, emargi- nate and ending in two long articulated naked filaments, the joints of the tail and of the filaments are furnished each with a row of small spines, which run entirely round. Length to the end of the tail, 1.5 of an inch, of the buckler, .65,' breadth "of the same, 7. Plate III., fig. 1. (a.) ono of the feet, (b.) one of the lamina?. Of the habits of this animal, we know but little ; it was found in immense numbers in a small shallow lake on the high platoau between Lodge-pole creek and Crow creek, north-east of Long's peak : they were swimming about with great activity, plunging to tli - bottom and rising to the surface. All of them that were caught appear to be males, at least none of them have any ova attached : the common species in Europe, A. cancriformis, on the contrary, has never been found but of the opposite sex. Description of Three New Fossils from the Falls of the Ohio, by Isaachar Cozzens. Read December 8th, 1845. Although many of the states have employed competent geolo- gists to explore their territories, it cannot bo but that many objects of Natural History must unavoidably have been unnoticed by them ; this, I suppose to have been the case with tho fossils I am to de- scribe. About the year 1810, the late Rev. Benjamin O. Peers put into my hands a number of fossils, which he informed me were obtained at the falls of the Ohio river. After due examination of some twenty or thirty distinct species, I selected three, which 1 believe to have been hitherto undescribed. One of these, of which I have three specimens, appears to be the buckler of a crustaceous animal ; the other two arc shells belonging to the classes mollusca and conchi- fera ; the ono a bivalve, and allied to the Spirifer of Sowerby or Delthyris of Dalman; the other a univalve, belonging to the family of Orthoccrata. I shall begin by describing the Crustacean. Genus Piliolites, (from iriXiov, a scull cap.) Buckler gibbous, anterior and posterior margins, with a groove ; the anterior groove deeper than the posterior, more slightly grooved on the sides. * Oiiioensis. Buckler gibbous, ovate, arched, margined, anterior margin smaller and sloping downwards ; postorior, thicker and turning up ; lateral margins very small. Plate X. fig. 1 , a.b. The three specimens from which this description is made, are all precisely alike, both in form and size. They have the appear- ance or shape of that part of the human skull which is above the eyes and cars ; across the front is a furrow, and at the ends of this furrow are placed small protuberances resembling eye-brows, under these protuberances, the eyes were most probably situated as in living crabs. The nearest recent species which this fossil relic! resembles, is the Loucosia craniolaris, Fabr.; but in this ani I I lit of 158 Three New Fossils the buckler u prolonged, whilst in our species it is truncated. In the Leucosia the posterior part is truncated, in this it is rounded. The specimens which I have are the mere bucklers of the animals, without legs, claws, branchiae, or antenna;, and resemble the rejected shells of ordinary Crustacea. There are on the crown of top of all the specimens, regularly waved lines or grooves; on each side of the slope, corresponding to each other, in one specimen, these lines are dark-coloured ; in another the colour is faint, but the grooves deeper and more distinct, and in the third, they are almost obso- lete. The cavity on the under side of the buckler being entirely filled with chrystalino lime-stone, prevents any description of that part of the animal being made : length 0.9 inch, breadth 0.7 inch. GENUS PENTAGONIA. Shell bivalve, inequivalvc, having five sides, somewhat gaping ; lower valve with three sides, upper with two ; beaks contiguous. * P. Peersii. Shell somowhat gaping, with five sides and three carinas ; two of the carinas on the lower valve commence at the beak, and diverge towards the margin, and end at the opening, the valve be- ing concave between them ; the lateral margins small and nearly vertical, an elevated carina on the middle of the upper valve, ren- dering its sides somewhat concave. This carina has a shallow furrow in it, commencing at the beak and running more than half way along the shell towards the opening. On each side of the up- per valve and contiguous to the beaks, arc two angular protuberan- ces, giving the shell when viewed at the beaks, a pentagonal ap- pearance, and at the same time a visage-form look : length 1.1 inch, breadth 0.9 inch. Plate X. fig. 2, a. b. The cavity of this shell was filled with the same limestone a» the Piliolites. GENUS CONULITES. Shell pyramidal, somewhat quadrangular, with the planes some- what curved, aperture wide and festooned by lines of growth. from the Ohio. 15 *C. elevata. Shell conical or pyramidal, with four nearly equal sides, the plane of the sides more or less rounded, one of the sides nearly flat, the opposite corresponding one more rounded, the other tw o sides respectively, are neither so flat nor 60 rounded : substance o the shell very thin. Plate X. fig. 3. This fossil is of a pyramidal form from the aperture upwards; it has annular waved transverse lines in succession from the apex to the mouth; these lines are subimbricate, lying partly on one ano- ther ; at the opening there are four lips, one on each side corres- ponding to the planes, and prolonged downwards ; at each corner of the pyramidal form and at the opening, the transverse lines are drawn up, forming with the lips a sort of festoon around the base. The cavity of this shell is filled with the same substance as the pre- ceding species. The limestone from which these fossils were ta- ken, is of a grey colour and chrystaline texture ; it is not generally known whether it belongs to the Silurian or Carboniferous scries. On certain Coleoptera, indigenous to the Eastern and Western Continents. By John L. Le Conte. Read January 19th, 1846. The number of forms of animal life common to the two conti- nents is far from being great ; and it is therefore presumed that any new examples of such extensive distribution will not be without in- terest to the student of nature. Many of the species which are found on either continent, were undoubtedly introduced from one to the other, in the ordinary articles of commerce. Thus, for in- stance, Calandra oryzee has been brought in rice ; Pt.invsftir, An- thrcnus museorum and ■pimpinellm, several species of Dermestes Al- tagenus, and many others belonging to different orders of insects would accompany the various necessaries of life, or the numberless articles of luxury which are continually crossing the ocean. Carabus 160 Coleoptera of the Eastern auratus has been carried in the earth surrounding the roots of trees. So varied, in truth, is the habitation of the insect world, that almost every conceivable importation may serve as the nidus of some spe- cies, which radiating from this point may, in the course of time, become completely naturalized in a foreign land. There are, however, other kinds for whose presence in this country no such satisfactory reason can be assigned. They are not confined to the more settled portions of our republic, nor is their occurrence a matter of such rarity as to render it probable that their abode on this continent has been of short duration. It is to these mainly that we shall confine our attention. It is not intended in this essay to enter into a detailed examina- tion of the various theories which have been proposed, in order to account for these coincidences of production : any generalizations from the few facts at present possessed on the subject, would be al- together premature. Patient investigation must first make known the limits, of the distribution of these animals, and then we may hope to evolve a theory suitable to the results obtained. Any such reputed fact, as the discovery of a species on this con- tinent, which has heretofore been supposed to be confined to the old world, should be received with extreme hesitation, and admit ted as correct only after the most rigid examination. Many such pretended discoveries have been overthrown by the increase of our knowledjr ■ ; similar assertions should therefore be submitted to the strictest scrutiny. Entering for a short time into the regions of speculation, we might, easily suppose a priori, that in the operation of the general laws of creation, which probably obtain throughout the physical uni- verse, the productions of the two hemispheres would approximate in character, according as the circumstances under which they ori- ginated were more or less similar. Now one of the most efficient of these circumstances, because one that always continues acting with equal force, is a similarity of climate. It is also a fact, almost self-evident indeed, from physical considerations, that the climates of the two continents approach more nearly to each other, the farther we proceed north ; it might therefore be inferred that the similari- and Western Continents. 161 ties between the animal inhabitants of the eastern and western world would be much more evident the nearer we approach the arctic circle. Such in reality is found to be the case ; and if we admit that the creative power in nature works by uniform and general laws, it will no longer be matter of surprise, that exactly similar circum- stances should occur in a few instances, and thus give rise to organ- ized products, so nearly resembling each other, that in the present state of our knowledge they must be considered identical. It must be confessed that no general laws in the creative organ- ic power have yet been shown ; nor is it at all probable that any such can be rendered physically evident by human intellect. Their existence must always be regarded as a matter of inference, rather than an opinion susceptible of direct proof It is still a question of dispute between philosophers, whether the creation of a species is to be ascribed to a direct manifestation of a supernatural agency, or whether the Deity, in this, as in every department of nature which has yet been brought within the scope of scientific research, operates by universal laws impressed upon matter. From the gradual increase in complexity of development which is made ap- parent in following out the history of any individual organ, it seems probable that such laws do exist ; otherwise there would be no special Teason why the same organ should be formed throughout the whole .chain of animated nature, by the gradual expansion of a single, uniform type. If, on the other hand, we were to allow the distinct, and separ- ate exercise of omnipotence, for the creation of each separate and -distinct species, would it not be limiting the power of the Creator far below our proper ideas of his greatness, to suppose that one primary form alone would suffice for each essential organ, and that all others must be derived from this original type? But enough has been already raid on this obscure subject, which may properly be called the metaphysics of Natural History Let us pass linn to some practical examples of the identity of production above referred to. 1. LoricerapiHcornisFe.hr. — Several specimens of this curi- ous insect were found floating in Lake Superior at Kewenaw Point- 162 Coleoptera of the Eastern After a most attentive examination, no difference can be perceived between our specimens, and those from the north of Europe. 2. BemUdium impressum Fabr.— Occurs abundantly about Lake Superior. Dr. Richardson's party also found it in many northern situations. 3. BemUdium paludosum Fabr.— This species inhabits the banks of streams emptying into Lake Superior. It is to be care- fully distinguished from B. inmquale Say, which it closely resem- bles, and which I obtained near the Rocky mountains. 4. Silpia Lapponica Fabr.—caudata Say.— This insoct is found in every part of the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, north of 42°. ■5. Corynetes (Nccrobia) violaceus Fabr.— This necrophage ap- pears to increase in numbers, the farther it is removed from the haunts of man : in the barren regions adjoining the Rocky Moun- tains, where insects reign in almost undisputed mastery, unchecked by scarce a single foe, it may be observed covering the ground un- der any small piece of animal matter, which has been overlooked by the wolves and ravens, or which has defied the power of their teeth and beaks. 6. Bostriclius typographus and others of the same genus.. Abundant in every place under the bark of pine trees. 7. Coccinclla 3-fasciata Fabr.— from Lake Superior. 8. Il/ppodamia 13-punctata Fabr. found every where. In these species, as in the preceding, observation fails to detect the slightest difference between the American and European speci- mens. Several other examples might be easily adduced, but to some of them it would bo urged, that by some possibility they might have been introduced. In the selections made, all such have been carefully avoided, and those have likewise been excluded, which have not been submitted to a strict comparison with well authenti- cated individuals from the old world. Many instances might likewise be obtained from other orders of insects ; as Vanessa Cardui, and some species of Pieria from the and Western Continents. 163 Lepidopera ; the first of which is found in every part of the globe. As however the attention of the writer has been directed more particularly to the Coleoptcra, the species referred to, have been exclusively of that order. Description of some new species of Shells. By John H. Red- field. Read January 26th, 1846. Mahginella flavida. Plate X. fig. 4, a. b.— Cabinet of the Lyceum. M tsitl n '■•!.. ov'Ul, lcBvi ssitua, llavida., sccpe fasciis tribus sub- rufis ; labro albo, crasso, reflexo, intus obsolete denticulato : aper- tura lutea : spira breve conica., apice rubro ; columella quadripli- cate. Shell small, ovate, highly polished, yellowish white, sometimes crossed by three reddish bands, of which the uppermost is immedi- ately beneath the suture. Lip white, strongly thickened, obtusely reflected, extending a little upon the penultimate whorl, and indis- tinctly denticulate within. Spire short, and tipped with red or brown. Columella with four plaits, all oblique, the lower ones the most so : a slight callosity upon its upper part near its junction with the outer lip. Aperture bright yellow sometimes verging up- on brown, and deepest near the extremities : length, 0.47 inch : breadth, 0.8] inch. Habitat, Cuba and Bahama Islands. Remarks. — This little species though familiar to collectors, does not appear to have been described. It occupies an interme- diate position between Marginella conoidalis, Kiener, and .1/. dia- pkana, Kiener. The three species are each w ell defined, and con- stitute an interesting little group. The one just del cril ed, differs from the M. conoidalis in its yellowish color, in being less solid, and in being destitute of the reddish dots usually found upon the outer margin of that species. The M. diaphana, on the other hand, is a 164 Description of some still thinner and lighter shell than the M. flavida, of a deeper yel- low, and has the outer margin of its lip stained with orange-red. Some conchologists have referred the shell before us to the M. api- cina, Menke, (Synopsis meth. mollusc.) Menkc's description, how- ever, which is accompanied by no figure, is so short and indefinite as to apply equally well to two or three species, and on reference to specimens of M. apicina, in the cabinet of Dr. Jay, received by him from Europe under that name, they proved to be well charac- terized specimens of M. conoidalis, Kiener, possessing the dots up- on the outer lip peculiar to that species. Hinds, (Proc. Zool. Soc. April, 1844,) has described a Marginalia livida from Cuba, which is evidently related to this group, and may perhaps be identical with M. conoidalis. Maroinella obesa. Plate X. fig. 5,a.l>.~ Cabinet of Ike Lyceum. Testa, ovata, tumida-, loevissim&, albido-lutesente, lineis trans- versis confertissimis interrupts fuscis aut nigris, in flammulis un- dulatis longitudinalibus disposals-; spir& obtecta, maculis fuscis circumdata : labro intus obsolete crenulato, extus scepe nigro maculato; columella sex vol octo-plicatA ; plicis quatuor inferiori- bus distinctis obliquis j alteris superioribus obsoletis transversis. Shell ovate, tumid, highly polished; color yellowish-white with crowded transverse interrupted linesof dark brown, which are in- clined to be grouped in longitudinal undulations. A vitreous enam- el coats the whole shell, so as slightly to obscure the markings. The spire, which would be nearly concealed by the last whorl, is en- tirely covered by this enamel, and is surrounded by five or six dark brown speckles. The lip is obsoletely toothed within; without, it is not distinctly»margjned, is more of a yellowish cast than the rest of the shell, and usually has from one to three black spots or ir- regular blotches. The columella has from six to eight folds ; the uppermost three or four are very small, while the lowest but one is large, slightly bifid within, and extends outwardly into an elevated New Species of Shells. 165 callosity which reaches nearly to the basal notch ; between the ba- sal notch and this callosity is usually a brownish spot : length, 0.55 inch: breadth, 0.36 inch. Habitat, Caribbean Sea at Carthagena, S. A. Remarks. — This beautiful little Marginella was forwarded me from Carthagena, by W. W. Whitney, Esq. It occurs abundantly in company with M. interrupta Lam. and in its general aspect is so much like that, as to be easily mistaken for it. But an attentive examination of a large number of individuals of each species has convinced me that they are entirely distinct. The M. interrupta is less tumid, and the outer margin of its lip is wrinkled and most dis- tinctly defined. The lip of the M. obesa is outwardly smooth, and has so little distinctness of outline that when the shell is placed with the back upwards, it might be taken for a Cyprasa. The M. interrupta has often one or more reddish blotches upon the back of the shell ; these I have never seen distinctly developed in the M. obesa. On the other hand, the M. interrupta is destitute of the black speckles which surround the spire of the M. obesa, and of the black spots, which in the latter occur upon the outer margin of the lip, and near the base of the columella. Tkiton Oregonense. Plate XI. fig. 2, a, b, — Cabinet of Dr. B. W. Build. Cabinet of Naval Lyceum, Brooklyn. Testa fusiformi, clongata, tcnui, albidi, epidermidc hirsuta fus- ck induta. ; anfractibus rotundatis ; plicis longitudinalibus, costis et sulcis transversis valde decussatis ; varicibus exilibus ; apertura ovata, canaliculate, albiL Shell fusiform, elongate ; thin, whitish, covered with a rough, hairy, brown epidermis; the whorls are rounded, with from 18 to 25 longitudinal folds which arc cancellated by transverse ribs and furrows. There are four or five of these ribs on each of the up- per whorls, and each rib is divided by a slight furrow, while the intervening hollows are in like manner divided by a slight rid^e. The last whorl has from 10 to 15 transverse ribs, and their bifid character is not so conspicuous as upon the upper whorls. The va- rices are about 12 in number, not prominent, and are crossed by 166 Description of some the ribs already mentioned. Aperture ovate, elongate, extending downwards into an open canal ; the exterior ribs and folds plainly visible within. When mature the right lip is slightly thickened in- to a varix. The columella shows upon its upper part the trans- verse ridges of the shell, the lower portion is smooth and some- what twisted ; a slight umbilical trace is seen where the pillar lip is applied to the base of the shell : length, 4.25 inches, breadth, 2 inches. Habitat, Straits of St. Juan de Fuca, Oregon. Remarks.— I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Budd, for the opportunity of describing this curious shell. In form it resembles the Fusus antiquus (Lin.) Lam. It is very nearly allied to T. can- cellalum, Lam., and to T. scabrum, King, but it is readily distin- guished from the former, by the absence of the elevated tooth or ridge which is found upon the upper portion of the columella in that species, while from the T. scabrum it is distinguished by its greater size, its elongation, the rounded character of its whorls, its longer canal, and its more prominent cancellation. Its varices also, though not very prominent, arc more so than in cither of the species just mentioned. Ranella Tiiersites. Plate X. fig. 6, a.b.—My Cabinet— Cabi- nets of Dr. B. W. Budd, C. M. Wheatley and N. B. Wilbur. Testa ovata, gibbosa, albido-lutescente, tuberculata et transver- sim sulcata ; tuberculis elevatis, acutis, compressis, interdum distor- tis ; varicibus transverse rugosis, ad suturas canali instructis; aper- tura flava, utraque extremitate canaliculata ; margine dentato, in- crassato ; columella rugosa. Shell ovate, gibbous, composed of about seven whorls. The upper whorls are angular at the middle and furnished at the angle with a series of elevated, horizontally compressed, pointed tuber- cles. These becomo quite large upon the last whorl and show an inclination to distortion. The spire usually has three of these tu- bercles between each varix, but on the back of the last whorl, the number varies from one to three, one of the tubercles being some- New Species of Shells. 167 times unduly enlarged at the expense of one or more of the re- maining ones, thus giving the shell unusual gibbosity. The shell is also crossed by numerous revolving elevated lines, two of which are more prominent than the others, especially at the point where they cross the varices. The uppermost of these ridges supports the series of tubercles already mentioned, the other is occasionally el- evated at irregular intervals into a few tubercles of much smaller size than those upon the upper. The varices are transversely ru- gose. Aperture ovate, extending upwards into a deeply hollowed channel, the remains of which are very apparent on each of the last three whorls, at the junction of the varix with the suture. Right lip Chickened and strongly denticulate. Columella transversely wrinkled. Color yellowish white or light fawn, obscurely and ir- regularly clouded with reddish brown, and the last whorl is crossed by three series of brownish dots or interrupted lines, of which the uppermost two follow the series of tubercles, and the other crosses the front of the shell, near the upper part of the aperture, and is there more apparent than elsewhere : length, 1.9 inches, breadth 1.4 inches. Divergence of spire, measured at the varices 80°. Habitat. — Unknown, probably some portion of the Pacific or Indian Oceans. Remarks.— This interesting" species of Ranella, which seems to have been unknown to, or overlooked by all the writers upon this genus, bears much relation to the R. bvfonia (Gmel.) Lam., but is clearly distinct. The spire is more obtuse, its tubercles which are more elevated and pointed, are remarkable for their hor- izontal compression, and for their frequent distortion ; its surface is not pitted or punctured as in the R. buftmia, while the wrinkles which cross the shell an; much less developed 1 of quite a differ- ent character from those of that species. The R. margaritula Deshaycs, also approaches our species in some respects, but differs decidedly in the character of its tubercles, and in its surface which is throughout finely granulated. It is moreover of a much darker color. 168 Description of some Nctv Species of Shells. Cardium setosum. Plate XI. fig. 1, a. b. c. — My Cabinet. Cab- inets of Dr. J. C. Jay, and C. M. Wheatlcy. C. testa cordata, rotundato-ovata, tumida, subcquilaterali, albido- lutescente, umbonibus albidis ; costis quadraginta planulatis, se- tigeris ; marginibus dentatis : intus Candida. Shell cordate, nearly equilateral ; a littlo obliquely rounded ovate, somewhat tumid ; anterior* side shortest, beaks prominent, inflected and nearly in contact; in front of them is a rather narrow ovate depression. On each valve are about 40 flattened radiating ribs, which are twice as wide as the intervening furrows. The edges of these ribs arc very minutely denticulate, and in young in- dividuals the denticulations of adjacent ribs approximate so closely as to give the intervening furrow a punctate appearance; upon the central line of each rib, there is a series of small semi-tubular spines or scales, which when perfect terminate in blackish bristles ; these are more strongly developed on the posterior margin than elsewhere. The ribs which cross the anterior lunular depression are not bristly, but tubercular. Color yellowish white, becoming pure white towards the beaks ; the shell is covered with a thin ep- idermis of dirty yellow, which becomes thicker and much wrinkled towards the margin, especially upon the posterior end, where its color is nearly black. Interior pure white ; grooves answering to the ribs without are faintly visible within, and the edges are strong- ly notched : length, 2.75 inches, height, 2.75 inches, breadth, 2.1 inches. Habitat, Peas of China. Remarks. — This fine shell cannot be referred to any of the species figured and described in Reeve's monograph of this genus, whence I infer it to be new. The number of its ribs, taken in con- nection with their peculiarly bristly character, will distinguish it from the C. asiaticum, C. multispinosum, and other muricated species. * I use the terras anterior and posterior in the sense generally adopted by modem authors, being the reverse of that employed by Lamarck. Description of new species op Shells, by John C. Jay, M. D. Read February 1, 1846. Bulimus infundibuliformis. Plate X. fig. 7, a. b. Bui. testa conicS, tenui, grisea, longitudinaliter striata, umbilico magno, infundibuliformi ; spira conica, elongata ; apice acuto ; an- fractibus septem subplanis ; sutura profunda ; aperturU ovali, al- bidi ; labro acuto. Shell conical, thin, gray, longitudinally striated, umbilicus very large, and funnel-shaped ; spire conical and elongated ; apex acute ; whorls seven and somewhat flattened, sutures profound ; aperture oval, rather compressed, whitish ; lip acute : length, 1-2 inch, breadth, 5-16 inch. Habitat. Interior of Bolivia. Conus Cailliaudii. Plate X. fig. 8, a. b. Con. testa oblongo-turbinata, subfusiformi ; fusca, filis tenuis- simis cincta ; spir& turrito-exserta ; apice valde elato ; labro tenui, acuto, arcuato, juxtii spiram emarginato ; aperture fauce fusca. Shell oblong turbinated, somewhat fusiform, brown, encircled with a number of very fine thread-like lines ; spire exserted in the form of a turret, apex very elevated ; lip thin, sharp, arched, emar- ginated next the spire, aperture brown with a white blotch : length, 1 5-8 inch, breadth, 4-8 inch. Habitat ? The remarkable feature of this shell is the 6pire, which is ex- actly half its length, the whorls very prominent and nine in num- ber. I am indebted to Mons. F. Cailliaud of Nantes, for this rare Cone, and have taken the liberty to dedicate it to him. 170 Description of some New Species of Shells. I embrace this opportunity to make several corrections in the last Edition of the Catalogue of my Cabinet. Plate l,fig. 1. Bulimus cinctus, Nobis, is Bulimus Pavannii, Lam. Dclessert, plate 27, fig. 8. Habitat, St. Augustine Bay, Madagascar. " " fig. 2, 3. Turbo rotelliformis, nobis, is Trochiscus Nor- risii, Sowerby Beechey Zool. plate 34, fig. 14. " " fig. 4. Ampullaria Brownii, nobis, is A. crassa, Swains. var. " " fig. 5. Ampullaria Storeria, nobis, is A. naticoides, D'- Orbigny. " " fig. 6, 7. Helix Planorbis, nobis, is H. monilis, Brod, Zool. P., 1832. " " fig. 8, 9. Physa scalaris, nobis, see Haldcman's Mono- graph, page 34, plate 4, fig. 9. " " fig. 10, 11. Lymnea gracilis, nobis, see Hald. Mon. page 50, plate 13, fig. 21. Plate 6, fig. 1. Bulimus ustulatus, nobis, is a variety of Bui. chrysalidiformis, Sowb. Zool. Proc. Plate 7, fig. 1. Paludina tristis, nobis, is P. olivacea, Sowb. " " fig. 2, 3. Conus rhododendron, Couthouy, is Conus Adamsoni, Gray. " " fig. 4, 5. Cyclostoma cumingii, Sowb. is C. gigantea, Sowb. Plate 10, fig. 1, 2. Voluta armata? Lam. var. is V. Miltoni, Gray. ERRATA. Through an oversight the following errata have occurred : In pages 142 to 156, for Tab. I., read Tab. VII., for Tab. II., read Tab. VIII., and for Plate III., read Plate IX., wherever oc- curring. Drscription of a New Species of Anser, by Geobxie N Lawrence. Read March 16th, 1S4G. ANSER NIGRICANS. BLACK-BELLIED GOOSE. Specific character.— A large white patch on the middle of the neck in front, and extending on the sides; belly brownish black ; bill higher than broad at the base. Bill black, legs and toes black tinged with flesh color, iris dark hazel ; head black, tinged with brownish rufons adjoining the bill, with a dirty white line under the eye; neck and lore part of the breast black; a large white patch on the centre of the neck inter- mixed with black, except at the lower part, where it forms a dis- tinct band of pure white, it is nearly two inches in width, round- ing on each side of the neck and almost meeting behind ; belly brownish black, sides brownish ash margined with white; back dark brown, each feather margined with a lighter shade; rump- feathers black ; axillars and lower wing-coverts greyish black ; tail black, consisting of sixteen feather" ; upper and lower tail-covertB white ; wings black, extending half an inch beyond the tail ; sec- ond primary one line longer than the iirst ; third half an inch shorter ; vent white. Length 22i inches; alar extent 44; bill a little higher than broad, measures along the ridge l-,' 5 inches; from gap lg; lower mandible 1:{ ; tarsus 2.i; middle toe 2 ; outer 15 ; inner 14 ; weight 3 pounds. I have taken the above description and figure from an adnlt female procured at Egg Harbor, N. J., in January. Since then two others have been obtained at the sime place, one of which 1 have in my possession. On dissection it proves to be a male. It agrees in markings with the female, but is evidently a younger 172 New S]>ecics of Anser. bird, being somewhat lighter in the color of its plumage. From this I infer they become darker by age. It is a little larger than the female, the bill being also stouter, measuring 5 in. high at the base. When on a shooting excursion some years since, at Egg- Harbor, I noticed a bird flying at some distance from us, which our gunner said was a Black Brant. This was the first intimation I had of such a bird. Upon further inquiry of him, he informed me he had seen them occasionally, but they were not common. I have learned from Mr. Philip Brasher, who has passed much time at that place, that speaking to the gunners about them, they said they were well known there by the name of Black Brant, and one of them mentioned that he once saw a flock of five or six together. From these facts it appears to be known to gunners, but has heretofore escaped the notice of ornithologists. With all my in- quiries I have not been able to procure any before this winter. I think it a good and well-marked species. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleop- teba inhabiting the United States east of the Rocky Moun- tains. By John L. Le Conte. Read May 25, 1846. The great number of works necessary in prosecuting even the most simple inquiry in natural history, is often felt to be a very serious inconvenience. Many, no doubt, arc deterred from entering upon the study of certain departments of science by the utter im- possibility of ever acquiring even a moderate knowledge of the proposed subject, without the aid of a voluminous and expensive library. This inconvenience is most sensibly felt by the student who turns his attention to the insects of the United States : so scat- tered, indeed, are the descriptions to be examined, that there is scarcely a scientific society in Europe, whose transactions do not contain some of our native species. It is to be regretted that col- lectors have fallen into the practice of distributing large numbers of apparently the same species, without first submitting them to close inspection. So nearly allied are many species, in every part of the globe, that even with the most accurate descriptions, it re- quires much labor to identify them. An example of this may be found in the genus Brachinus, of which this synopsis contains a monograph. The characters are quite evident on comparing the species together, but being mostly dependent on minute differ- ences in form, can scarcely be expressed in a description. It hap been my custom, in such cases, to lay particular stress on these slight differences, by making the description in some degree com- parative. A reference from one species to another is, I am aware, not looked upon with a favorable eye, as it presupposes that tin collection of the student is at least toleraWy extensive ; for the most nearly allied species are frequently inhabitants of very different regions. Still there are cases in which it was considered advis- able to make such a reference, in order to avoid an absolute de- scription, which would be so long and tedious as to be nearly use- less. Hoping that some more attentive and industrious observer may have better success in seizing on the specific characters of 174 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. our Brachial, and in determining which forms are really distinct, and which arc varieties, I shall remain content with having pointed out, in an exceedingly imperfect manner, those which appeared to me to be at least as deserving of distinct names, as those described by preceding authors. It is possible that farther observation may tend to diminish this overgrown genus, by showing that the species are subject to certain variations in form, such as is pointed out under the genus Galcrita. The relation between the latter and Brachinus appears not to be sufficiently insisted on by authors ; and I imagine that the similarity of appearance produced by form and color will be found connected with a very near agreement of structure. In the cabinet of Dr. Zimmermann, of South Carolina, there is a species of Galerita which possessed the power of excret- ing a highly volatile and acrid fluid in the same manner as a Bra- chinus. It has been a natural consequence of the exceedingly discursive manner in which our native species have been published, that many, which were described years ago, have lately made their ap- pearance under new names. The following catalogue is intended to remedy in part this difficulty, although, from the limited num- ber of works which have been accessible to the author, it is not, perhaps, as complete as it might have been. Still, however, in the synonymy contained in it, there are points of interest, and to render it eventually a complete synopsis of the Adephaga of our republic, the author would invite the co-operation of other entomologists, who no doubt have it in their power greatly to extend and improve the present attempt. Thus far, all the species mentioned are in the possession of the author, who will gladly avail himself of any opportunity of referring to, or describing any species which has not as yet fallen uncW his notice. The writer, feeling that the distinguished liberality manifested towards him by Messrs. Melsiieimf.r, D. ZlEGLER, and S. S. Hal- deman, calls for something more than a verbal acknowledgement, takes the present opportunity of returning thanks for the prompti- tude with which they have in every instance sacrificed even unique specimens, which were wanting to complete his cabinet. GEODEPHAGA. MacLeay. Fam. 1. CICINDELIDiE. Leach. MEGACEPHALA. Latreille. t. Carolina. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat in provinciis aus- tralibus. 2. virginica. Fabr. ibid. Habitat cum priore, et ad flumen Arkansas prope montes. CICINDELA. Linnd. 1. unipunctat. a. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth; Say Trans. Am- Phil. Soc. N. S., vol. I, pi. xiii. » immaculata. Habitat in provinciis australibus, et occi- dentalibus. 2. p U 1 C h r a . Say Journal Ac. Nat. Sc. of Philad., Vol. III. Tab. XIII. fig. 1. « macula humerali obsolnta. /J Elytris immaculatis. Habitat propc fluvii Arkansas sca- turigines. 3. modest a. A viridis maculis albis. C. r U g i f r O n S Dcj. Sp. Gen. denticulata. Hentz. Trans- Am. Phil. Soc. N. S., Vol. Ill, pi. ii. a, Elytris macula superiorc obsoleta. j8 Elytris concoloribus. C. utlicolor Dej. Sp. Gen. B Niger, maculis albis. C. obscura SayTrans.Am.Phil. Soc. loc. cit. modest a Pal. Do Beauv Dej. Sp. Gen. 176 Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptera. a et /3 ut supra. Habitat in locis variis in pvovinciis oricn- talibus, mediis et australibus. 4. SCUtellaris. Say Journ. Ac.Nat.Sc. of Philad.,Vol. III. Tab. XIII. fig. 2. * macula media marginali lunulaque terminali albis. Hab- itat ad furcationem fluminis Platte. 5. Se.X-guttata. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth : Say Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. ( Vol. I. pi. xiii. « maculis duabus mediis elytralibus connexis fasciam flex- uosam formantibus. |S maculis duabus mediis distinctis. y macula media interiore obsoleta. i immaculata. a. viridis. b. ccerulea. C.vlolacea- Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat in provinces omnibus communius. 6. splendida. Hentz. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S., Vol. III- pl. ii. « maculis albis nullis. Habitat in provincis australibus. 7. Audubonii. Le Contc, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. V., pi. xviii. Species haccce a C. purpureas varietate viridi facile dignosci- tur, labro breviore, antice quadrato : thorace angustiore, paulo convexiore lateribus magis rotundatis postice minus retractis : marginc elytrorum reflcxo angustiore, humeris minus rotunda- tis, fasciaque flexuosa breviore. Mas saepissime niger, fcemina rarius nigra, et plerumque viridis. In exemplis nigris, palpi, antenna?, pedes et abdomen nigra sunt. Habitat ad flumina Platte, et Yellowstone. 8. purpurea. Oliv. Ins: Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. loc. cit. sup. inarginalis. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat ubique. Hanc speciem margo extimus elytralis, semper cuprascens dig- noscit. Elytrorum color a cuprco ad viridem transit : fascia media flexuosa sajpe obsoleta ost, semper vestigia tamen man- ent, semperque obliqua sunt. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptcra. 177 9. limbalis. Klug. Jahrbiicher der Entomologie. Erster Band. Variat purpurea vel cuprca ; macula quoque saepe fere obsole- ta; thorax quam in praecedente paulo convexior; margo elytro- rum extimus reflexus, capitis pars postica, thoracisque depressa, semper cceruleo-virides : fascia flexuosa media exterius semper marginem perpendiculariter ferit. Habitat in Orange Co., Novi Eboraci. 10. * a mo en a. Tab. XIII. fig. 3. Cuprea; thorace antice etpos- tice, elytrorumque margine viridi : elytris macula hu- merali,lateralique ad quadrantem, fascia media subflex- tiosa, et lunula apicali albis. Exemplum unicum prope provincial Missouri terminum occidentalem inventum. Palpi nigri: caput et thorax aureo-cuprea : labrum breve, tridentatum, album ; thorax antice quam in praecedentibus dua- bus minus dilatatus, lateribus minus rotundatus, partibus de- pressis aureo-viridibus. Scutettum aureo-viride. Elytra magis parallela, cuprea ; sutura et margine viridibus ; vitta ejusdum coloris marginem adjungit, sicut in praecedentibus ; macula par- va humerali, secunda marginali inter humerum et fasciam me- I diam perpendiculariter orientem, minus quam in C. limbali flex- uosam; lunulaque terminali margine viridi divisa, albis. Sub- tus viridis, pilis sparsis albis: pedes viridi-aurci. 11. * spreta. Obscure nigro-cenca subviridescens, thorace lateribus vix rotundato, postice levitcr rctracto ; elytris minus convexis subparallclis, viridi-marginatis, gutta ad quadrantem, fascia media angulato-flexuosa, lunula- que terminali interrupta ochroleucis, subtus viridi- cenea. Habitat ad Eastport, in provincia Maine; museo Dom. Harris. Tab. XIII. fig. 7. Obscure nigro-eenea, subviridescens, subtus viridi-amea. An- tenna et palpi nigri. Mandibulm nigra macula basali albida. Labrum omnino sicut in C. purpurea. Caput ad latera rugose 178 Catalogue of the Geodepkagous Coleoptera. striatum, medio et postice subriliter granulatum, antice obso- lete transverse rugosum. Thorax latitudine summa non bre- vior, antice et postice truncatus, lateribus vix rotundatus, pos- tice leviter retractus, basi colcopteris vix duplo angustior, antice et postice profunde transverse impressus, linea longitudinali tenui, disco modice convexus, subtiliter granulatus. Elytra thorace fere sesqui latiora subparallela humeris leviter obtusis. minus rotundatis ; minus con vexa; margine lato, cceruleo-viridi obscuro, margineque tenuissimo reflexo, obscure viridi-aureo ; gutta parva rotundata submarginali ad quadrantem ; fascia me- dia perpendiculariter oriente, dein obtuse angulata, incurvata- que; lunulaque apicali margine viridi divisa, guttam rotundatam maculamque terminalem formante, ocliroleucis. Obs. — Prascedentibus quatuor similis. A C. Audubonii, tho- race minus convexo, labro longiore, fasciaque elytrali perpen- diculariter oriente distincta. A C. purpurea et limbali, thorace angustiore, postice multo minus retracto dignoscitur. 12. pat ruel a. Dej. Sp. Gen. Gould. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. Vol. I., pi. iii. a Olivacea, maculis solitis. /3 Obscure nigra, maculis solitis. C. COnsentanea. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat apud montes provinciarum orientalium, et mediarum. 13. longilabris. Say. Long's Exped. to the Sources of the St. Peter's River, Vol. Ii. alhilubris. Kirby-Richardson. Fauna Bor. Americana., Vol. IV.pl. I. Variat obscure aenea; maculis seepe obsoletis. Habitat Mackinaw insulam, et ad Lacum Superiorem. 14. obsoleta. Say.Journ.Ac.Nat.Sc.ofPhilad.Vol.nl. Tab. XIII, fig. 4. * Gutta alba elytrali obsoleta. Sericeo-viridis ; immaculata. Habitat prope flumen Ar- kansas, ad montes : /3. 1 millia passuum infra Bent's- Fort inventa.. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptera. 179 15. Vulgaris. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. I. pi. xiii. obliquata. Dej. Sp. Gen. * Maculis obsoletis. Habitat ad flumen Ohio. /3 Viridis, maculis solitis. Habitat in territorio Oregonensi. Species haecce ubique communius invenitur. 111. Dom. Kirby (Richardson Fauna Bor. Am.) C. obliquatam (Dej.) et C. vul- garem (Sayi) pro diversis habet : sed characteres datae obscu- rae, et variabiles videntur. 16. fulgida. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Soc. of Philad., Vol. III. Tab. XIII, fig. 5. Habitat prope Platte, supra fui cationem. 17. * v e I) U S t a . Tab. XIII, fig. 6. Rubro-cuprea, thorace fulgi- do ; elytris margine, lunula humerali obliqua, fascia refracta media, lunulaquc terminali late albis. Ha- bitat apud flumen Platte. Supra rubro-cuprea, thorace fulgidiore, impressionibus viridi micantibus, subtus viridi-cyanea, hirsuta. Palpi virides. Man- dibular nigrse, macula magna basali alba. Labrum magnum porrectum, antice exterius sinuatum, album, dentibus tribus mi- nutis medianis. Caput viridi et cupreo-micans : thorax lateri- bus paulo rotundatus, impressionibus transversis profundis, linea longitudinali tenui. Elytra subparallela, margine laterali, lunula humerali obliqua, exadversum fasciam mediam refractum latam desinente ; fascia ad extremitatem dilatata est, et exadversum lunulam apicalem desinit ; omnibus late albis. Epiplcurce viri- des ; elytrorum apex serrata. Species haecce a C. formosa (Sayi,) valde referente, facile dig- noscitur; labro majore; thorace paulo angustiore ; lunula hu- merali longiore obliqua, fasciaque media subito refracta, angu- lum fere rectum formante ; elytris quoque apice serratis. 18. generosa. Dej. Sp. Gen.; Gould. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. Vol. II. pi. iii. Fascia media in hac specie, refracta, sed quam in prosce- dente brevior ; lunula humeralis brevis est ; et elytra apice 180 Catalogue of the Gerdephagous Coleoptera. simplicia : colore obscuro semper gaudet. Habitat in locis diversis provinciarum mediarum : exempla pauca prope fluminis Mississippi scaturigines inveni. 19. formosa. Say. Am. Entomology. Vol. I. pi. 18 et loc. cit. sup. Variat rubro-cuprea vel purpurea ; lunula humeralis val- de abbreviata, et non obliqua ; fascia media flexuosa, non refracta : errore 111. Com. Dejean elytra apice serrata dicit. Habitat prope flumina Platte, et Arkansas. 20. repanda. Dej. Sp. Gen. Mrticollis. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Soc. of Philad. Vol. I : Gould, loc. cit. sup. Species haecce ubique redundat. 21. hirticollis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. I. pi. 13. albohirta. Dej. Sp. Gen: Gould Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. Vol. II. pi. iii. In locis maritimis arenosis omnibus ; prope lacus Ontario et Superiorem habitat; ad flumina Platte et Arkansas prope montcs rarius invcnitur. Ad infinitum variat, macu- lis turn obsoletis, turn conspicuis. 22. variegata. Dej. Sp. Gen. marginata? Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. marginata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. I. pi. xiii. Habitat in locis diversis ad maris oras. 23. bland a. Dej. Sp. Gen. a Dejeanio dcscripta : elytris fusco-olivaceis, maculis solitis angustis. Habitat ad flumina Connecticut, Roanoke, et St. Croix, in territorio Wisconsin. /3 Elytris cupreo-fulgidis, maculis latioribus. Flumen Ar- kansas prope montes. y Fusca : maculis latissimis ita ut elytra alba videntur, lineis paucis fuscis notata. Ad fluvium Canootchee, Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 181 Georgiae. Elytra in fceminis apice profunde sinuata, fere dentata. 24. dorsalis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. I. pi. xiii. signata. Dej. Sp. Gen. « Elytra immaculata. Habitat ad maris oras: nomen C. dorsalis. ab 111. DD. Klug etDcjean speciei alterae impositum, praeoccupatum et ideo mutandum est. 25. lepida. Dej. Sp. Gen. Tab. XIII. fig. 8. Habitat prope urbem Trenton Novae Caesareae ; et ad maris oras insulae Longae Noveboraci. Elytra foeminarum profunde sinuata. 26. *nigrocoerulea. Tab. XIV, fig. 9. Nigro-subpurpurea : thorace crassiusculo, subrotundato ; elytris linea im- pressionum carrulearum juxta suturam. Habitat ad (lumen Arkansas. Nigra, obscura ; subpurpureo-micans. Labrum album, breve, antice quadratum, medio paulo porrectum, dentibus tribus minu- tis indistinctis : mandibulm nigrae macula basali alba : palpi nigro-viridescentes. Caput minute granulatum, rugis paucis prope oculos minus protrusos. Thorax latitudine caput asquans ; convexior, lateribus rotundatis, laevis, rugulis paucis indistinctis versus medium : impressionibus transversis bene notatis, linea longitudinali angusta. Elytra sericeo-micantia, punctata: par- tibus prope scutellum elevatis, laevibus, tborace quadrante lati- ora ; elongatiora, postice, rcgulariter rotundata ; impressionibus nonnullis parum profundis ; lineaque punctorum variolosorum cceruleorum prope suturam sicut in C. punctulata. 27. duodecim-guttata. Dej. Sp. Gen. nroteus. Kirby Richardson's Faun. Bor. Am. Vol. IV. pl.l. In provinciis Atlanticis, ad Mississippi scaturigines, et prope Rocky Mts. habitat. 28. trifasciata. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. 182 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. tortuosa. Dej. Sp. Gen. Tab. XIV, fig. 10. Habitat in provinciis ausfralibus in orizaceis. 29. punctulata. Fabr. Syat.Eleuth: Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. I. pi. xiii. * nigra, maculis plus minusvc conspicuis. Habitat ubique. /3 major, sericco-viridis. C.micans. Fabr. Syst. Eleutb. Habitat propo Rocky Mts. 30. Hentzii. Dej. Sp. Gen. haemorrhoidalis. Hentz. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.N. S. Vol. III. pi. ii : Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. Vol. II. pi. iii. Habitat prope Boston, provinciae Massachusetts. Nomen heemorrhoidalis ante annum 182/5, Wiedemanno speciei al- tera; datum : Dejeanianum idco retincndum est. 31. marginipennis. Dej. S P . Gen. Tab. XIV, fig. 11. Species haec pulchra propc urbem Harrisburg, Pennsylvania!, mensibus Julio et Augusto, ad fluminis ripas inventa. 32. * C i n C t i p e n n i S . Tab. XI V, fig. 12. " Nigra, vel obscure olivacea : thorace latiore ; ehjtris margine lato, pos- tice subdilatato, ramo humerali, fasciaaue media in- fra tcndentc tcnuibus, albis, subtus nigra, vel viridis. Habitat apud Rocky Mountains. Sub-cylindrica, nigra, vel obscure olivacea, subtus viridis. La- brum album, longitudine plus duplo latior, dentibus tribus parvis antice instructum ; angulis anticis rectis : palpi paMidi, articulo ultimo nigro : antenna? aeratae. Thorax latiusculus, lateribus rotundatus ; impressionibus transversis distinctis, partibus vicinis depressis : subtiliter granulatus : lateribus albo-pilosis. Elytra apice spina minutissima instructa punctis parvis variolosis ad- spersa (in varietate olivacea cceruleo-micantibus) : parallela, subelongata, thorace paulo latiora ; margine toto lato postice subdilatato albo, ramo obliquo descendente, alteroquo medio, qui Catalogue of the Gcodephagom Coleoptera. 183 subito inflexus oblique deorsum tendit, ct ad dodrantem desinit, tenuibus. Pedes virides, epipleurm brunneaB margine extimo viri- di, postice abbreviato. In varietatc nigra, ubi color viridis est, niger evadit : in aliis margo albus subinterruptus est. 33. pusilla. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. I, pi. xiii. « macula humeralis cessat. /3 macula media deest. y immaculata. Habitat ad flumen Platte, supra furcatio- nem. 34. abdominalis. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Tab. XIV, fig. 13. Habitat in pinetis, locis arenosis nigris. 35. * C C 1 e r i p e S . Tab. XIV, fig. 14. Nigro-subnea, mb-aptc- ra : capite magno, oculis valole cxstantibus ; thorace angusto, cylindrico ; clytris subpilosis, margine pos- tico interrupto, guttisque duabus parvis albis : sutu- ra acuminata. Habitat ad fluminis Kansas Republi- can Fork. Nigro-ccnea obscura, alis rudimentalibus : antenna, elongate : palpi pallidi, articulo ultimo viridi-aureo, labrum album mag- num, convexum, utrinque antice oblique decisum dein perpen- diculare : dentibus tribus minutissimis: caput magnum, medio levissimc granulatum ad latera rugose striatum, oculis valde ex- stantibus. Thorax subcylindricus, elongatus, antice paulo latior, impressionibus transversis distinctis, linea longitudinal! nulla; rugosus, ad latera subpilosus, maculis duabus oblongis, granulo- sis, obscurioribus. Elytra basi angusta, ad dodrantem ampliata, dein rotundata, (sutura valde producta, acuminata) ; crebre punc- tata, pilis albis sparsis ; subsenea, obscuro-variegata, gutta parva ad quadraiUcm, altera paulo pone medium, prope suturam, mar- gineque postico, ad dodrantem interrupto, albis. Subtus viridis pectus dense albopilosum, pedes elongati, cuprascentes. 184 Catalogue of the Geodcpliagous Coleoptera. SPECIES SEQUENTES IN MUSEO NOSTRO DESUNT. ( Amblycheila,Say.cylindriformis. Say. Joum. Ac. / Oinus , Each. Nat. Sc. Vol. III. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains basin. Cicindela decemnotata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. I ; Am. Ent. Vol. I, pi. 18, icon nequam. Habitat ad ripas fluminis Missouri. limbata. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc, Vol. III. Habitat ad flumen Platte. Saulcyi. Guer. Revue Zool. Oct. 1840. Hab- itat Floridam. VettUSta. Fertd ibid. 1841, p. 37. gratiosa. Guer. ibid. Habitat cum priore. terricola. Say. Long's Expcd.to the Sources of the St. Peter's River, Vol. II. Habitat in territorio Caurino. rufiventris. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ad montes in provinciis australibus. circumpicta. Fertd Rev. Zool. 1841. Ha- bitat in Texas. togata. Ferte" ibid. Habitat in Texas. sevcra. Fertd ibid. Habitat in Texas. Fam. II. CARABIM:. Leach. Sub. Fam I. — Brachinides. — Westwood. Brachinidte. — McLeay. Truncatipennes. — Lat. Catalogue of the Geodepkagous Coleoptera. 185 CASNONIA. Latreille. 1. pennsylvanica. Linn<5, (Attelabus). Habitat ubique. LEPTOTRACHELUS. Lat. SPHERACRA. Say. 1. dorsalis. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat in Georgia, et Mis- ■ souri rarius, et NovEboraco rarissime. GALEPJTA. Fabr. 1. janus. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. cyanipennis. Dej. Sp. Gen. * bicolor. Drury. =americ ana. Dej. Sp. Gen. COrdicollis. Chaudoir. Bull, de la Soc. Imp. des Nat. Moscou. y longicollis. ibid. <5* dubia. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phil. Vol. I. Habitat ubique. a et y in prov. mediis, reliqui in australibus. 2. Lecontei. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in prov. australibus. Num haec insecta, quae pro varietatibus habeo, revera species distinctae sint, dubitandum est. E thoracis forma, et striarum elytralium punctatione characteres deducuntur: G. LeContei ta- men in thoracis forma asque variat. Ex examinatione assidua speciminum fere centum, in turmas duas distribuantur : turma prima pro typo G. Janum habet, formas novem complectit ; thoracis forma, extremitate haec G. longicollis (Chaudoir) ilia vera G. cordicollis (ejusdem) disposita: elytrorum tamen punc- tatione, G. bicolor (Drury,) et G. dubia (LeC.) situs congruentes occupant. Quicquid in rebus hisce dubium, collcctione aucta determinare spero. Turma secunda pro typo G. Lecontei habens formas quatuor distinctas a thorace deductas includit. Character distinctus qui ab omnibus aliis hanc speciem segregat, e pilorum in elytra posi- tione oritur : cum insectum in positione quadam tenetur, spa- 186 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Goleoptera. tium triangulare obscurum in disci medio apparet, dum pars reliqua lucem reflectit. DIAPHORUS. Dej. 1. Lecontei. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in prov. australibus raris- sime. CYMINDIS. Lat. TARUS. Clair. § 1. Tarsorum anticorum articulus penultimus bifidus. 1. laticollis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. 2. cribricollis. Dej. Sp. Gen. marginatus. Kirby-Richardson. Fauna Boreali Am. a. Brunnea, macula humerali brunneo-testacea. Habitat cum prioro. 3. venator. Dej. Habitat NovEboraci, rarius. 4. americana. Dej. Habitat NovEboraci. 5. pilosa. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. IT. pubescens. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique. « violaceo micante. j3 testacea. 6. *elegans. Brunneo-picea, elytrarum margine, antcnnis pedi- husque pallidioribus : thorace sparse punctato, corda- te, convexo : elyl.ris striatopunctatis, interstitiis serie punctorum. l,ong. -41 unc lat. -15 unc. Habitat in provinces australibus. Brunneo-picea, nitida : antenna; et palpi brunnei : caput inter oculos sparse punctatum. Thorax latitudine longitudinem saquante, convcxus, subcordatus, antice profundc emarginatus, angulis anticia valde rotundatis ; lateribus rotundatis, basi retrac- tis, angulis posticis obtusis, olovatis, dente parvo obtuso brevis- simo instructis ; basi incurvo : margine tenui reflexo, prope Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 187 angulos posticos paulo latiore ; impressionibus transversis satis distinctis, linea longitudinali tenui : sparse punctatus, grossius ad latora. Elytra brunneo-marginata, margine ad humerum mdistincte dilatato ; convexiuscula, basi angusliuscula, humeris valde rotundatis, minime exstantibus, usque ad dimidium levi- ter ampliata, apice rotundata, levissime sinuata, vix truncata ; striata, striis punctatis ; interstitiis planis, serie punctorum no- tatis. Subtus et pedes brunnei. Tlioracis forma priorem refert. 7. neglecta. Punctata, obscure ferruginca, pubescens, capite tlioraccque nigro-piceis, clytris grosse crenato-striatis, pedibus fcrrugineis. Long. -3 una lat. -11 unc. Ha- bitat in Pennsylvania, a Dora. Ziegler benevole data. C. neglecta. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. C. unicolor? Kirby-Richardson P. Bor. Am. Vol. IV. Habitus C. pilosae, at duplo minor, obscure ferruginea, sparse pubescens. Caput majusculum nigro-piceum, ore, antennis, pal- pisque ferrugineis ; antice fere lseve, postice sparse punctatum ; oculis parvis valde exstantibus. Thorax nigro-piceus, capite non longior, et vix latior, leviter cordatus, antice fere truncatus, basi leviter rotundato, utrinque valde obliquo, lateribus prope basin recurvis, margine angusto reflexo, angulis posticis valde obtusis, apice non rotundatis ; disco modice convexus, sparse grosse punctatus; linea longitudinali profundissima, utrinque paulo abbreviata, impressionibus transversis in distinctis. Ely- tra tborace paulo latiora, latitudine duplo longiora, fere paral- lela, apice rotundato-truncata ; anguste striata, striis externe grosse crcnato-punctatis, postice levioribus, interstitiis punctis minutis subseriatim positis ; pedes ferruginei. § 2. Articulus penultimus tarsorum omnium bifidus. 8. 1 U C i d U 1 a . Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in Georgia, Pennsylva- nia, et NovEboraco rarissime ; macula humerali ob- scure testacea in specimina duomihi visa, sed in de- scriptione Dejeaniana non apparet. 188 Catalogue of the G eodephagotis Coleoptcra. 9. *amoena. Carulco-viridis, nitens ; thorace basi punctato ; elytris profunda striato-punctatis. Long. - 375 lat. •185. Habitat ad Long's Peak, Rocky Mountains. Ccoruleo-viridis, metallico-nitens ; antenna: nigra;, articulis tri- bus primis subtus macula parva forruginea: caput ad latera leviter rugosum etpunctatum, imprcssionibus frontalibus obliquis brevibus latis. Thorax latitudine longitudincm excedente, con- vexus, subcordatus, lateribus rotundatus, basi retractus, mar- gine tenui rcflexo postice latiore, angulis posticis leviter elevatis, obtusis ; basi ad latera oblique truncato ; impressionibus trans- vcrsis, etlinealongitudinali profundis; rugulis transversis, disco obsoletis, obtectus ; antice punctis paucis ; basi punctatus. Ely- tra subconvexa, subparallela, humeris rotundatis, apice recte truncala ; striata, striis profundis, punctatis, interstitiis convexis punctis parvis sparsis. Pedes nigri. 10 *viridicollis. Cceruleo-viridis ; capite et thorace viridi- ceneis, hoc basi punctato ; elytris levissime striatis, ob- solete punctatis. Long. -305 unc. lat. -13 unc. Ha- bitat curn priore. Priorom rcfert. Cocruleo-viridis : caput viridi-aureum, ad late- ra rugosum et putictatum, impressionibus frontalibus longioribus acutioribus; antenna nigrae, articulis tribus primis ferrugineis apice nigris. Thorax fere lit in priore, minus tamen convexus, angulis posticis magis exstantibus ; rugulis obtectus, ad latera valde rugosus. Elytra antice angustiuscula, humeris valde ro- tundatis, usque ad medium leviter ampliata, apice recte trunca- ta ; tenuissime striata, striis levissime punctatis ; interstitiis pla- nis, punctis paucis obsoletis, ad latera distinctioribus. Pedes nigri. C. viridi (Dej.) aflinis. 11 purpurea. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Praecedentes duas valde refert, sed purpurea, et valde depressior : thorax ad basin minus retractus, angulis valde obtu- sis, impressione basali profundidre, viridi-micante, Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptera. 189 Elytra minus punctata sub-parallela, striato-punctata, mterstitiis omnino planis, obsoletissimo punctatis : antennas nigras, articulis tribus primis ferrugineis : pedes nigro-caerulei. Habitat cum priore. 12. Sinuata. Say. Trans Am. Phil. Soc. pustulata. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis. 13. 1 1 m b a t a . Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis australibus. * macula humerali cessante. 14. IUSCata. Dej. Sp. Gen. Priorem refert ; thorace tamen longiore basi angustiore, lateribus minus late de- presso, angulis posticis minus obtusis, linea longitu- dinali leviore, antice abbreviata. Habitat in provin- ciis australibus. 15. p 1 a t i C O 1 1 i s . Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. ( Lebia.) COmplanata. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique. « Thorace ferrugineo fusco. § 3. Tarsis omnibus filiformibus. 16. piceus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Dromius). Habitat in provinciis borcalibus, et ad lacum Superiorem. Palporum ar- ticulus ultimus maribus incrassatus, et securiformis cum Cymindi convenit. Habitu omnino Dromio dissimilis. CALLEIDA. Dej. 1. Viridipennis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (Cymindis.) marg i n at a. Dej. Sp. Gen. prasina. Mels. Cat. Habitat in provinciis australibus. 2. f ul g i d a. Dej. Habitat in prov. australibus. 3. decora. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat etiam in provinciis australibus. •1. punctata. Elongata, viridi.s; capitc nigro, thorace, pectoribus, et pcdibus rufis, gcnubus nigris : elytrit 190 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. profunda striato-punctatis, interstitiis sub-convexis. Long. -28 lat. -09. Habitat ad flumen Kansas. C. decoram valde refert. Minor, angustior, oculis vix promi- nentibus ; antenna basi ferrugines. Thorax angustior, multo convoxior, lateribus tenuissime marginatus ; impressionc trans- versa anteriore minus profunda, sed multo magis punctata. Ely- tra convexiora, basi angustiora, usque ad dodrantem leviter sin- uato-ampliata,profunde striato-punctata, interstitiis satis convex- is, punctis parvis sparsis, tertio punctis quatuor majoribus. Sub- tus sicut in C. decora. 5. s m a r a g (1 i n a . Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis aus- tralibus. AXINOPALPUS. gen. nov. Corpus deprcssum, subelongatum. Thorax latus, subdepressus. postice leviter retractus. Palpi maxillares elongatiusculi, tenues, articulo penultimo obco- nico ; ultimo dimidio longiore, versus apicem des- crescente, apicc paulo dcpresso, fere acuto. labiales inflati, crassi, articulo ultimo magno, obconi- co, subsecuriformi. Antenna articulo tertio quarto sequante ; compressae, articulis arete connexis ; versus apicem levissime incrassatae. Ceteris genus hocce Dromium refert. 1 . b i p 1 a g i a t U S . Dej. Sp. Gen. (Dromius.) Habitat in pro- vinciis mediis, et ad Rocky Mountains. DROMIUS. Bonelli. 1. s U b S U 1 C a t U S . Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci. 2 *COrdicollis. Nigro-subaineus, thorace valde cordato, ely- tris subsulcatis, interstitio tertio punctis duobus. Long. -17, lat. -065. Habitat NovEboraci ; a Dom. Jac. Thomson benevolo datus. D. subsulcatum valde refert: paulo major; caput idem. Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Colcoptera. 191 Thorax antice latior, paulo minus convexus, postice multo magis retractus, cordiformis : linea longitudinali profundiore, integra : impressione transversa anteriore profunda, angulata ; posteriore eicut in D. subsulcato satis distincta. Elytra profunde striato- sulcata, striis quam in D. subsulcato paulo latioribus ; intersti- tiis angustis, valde convexis, tertio punctis duobus. 3. *latens. Niger: clytris subamcis, obsolete sulcatis. Long. •125, lat. -055. Habitat ad Mississippi scaturigines. D. subsulcatutn refert. Sed caput et thorax omnino niger ; elytra subrenea, rubro-irrorata. Impressionibus frontalibus bre- vioubus, profundioribus : thorax latior, multo minus convexus, postice minus retractus : impressionibus transversis distinctis, linea longitudinali medio profunda, utrinnue paulo abbreviata. Elytra minus profunde striata, striis fere indistinctis. 4. americanus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci, et ad Lacum Superiorem. 5. 'anffUStUS. Niger, nitidus, clongatus, thorace lato, sub- quadrato, postice angustiorc, elytris parallelis, obsole- tissime strialis ; abdominc longivrc. Long. -135, lat. •045. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. D. americanum refert, sed multo longior et angustior. Niger nitidus, elongatus : caput impressionibus obsoletis. Thorax sub- quadratus, postice angustior, lateribus antice valde rotundatis, quam in D. americano paulo convexior et ltevior : impressioni- bus transversis vix distinctis, linea longitudinali levissime im- pressa, utrinque abbreviata : angulis posticis obtusioribus, fove- aque basali quam in D. americano profundiore. Elytra paral- lela, levissime striata, striis antice omnino obliterans : abdomen quam in speciebus alteris longius. PLOCHIONUS. Dej. 1. timidllS. Haldeman. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phila. Vol. I. Habitat in provinciis australibus. 192 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptcra. 2. amandus. Newman. Ent. Mag. Vol. V. var. vitatus. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. Ha- bitat in Florida. 3. B O n f i 1 S i i . Dej. Sp. Gen. Hope Col. Man. Vol. II. pi. 1. Habitat in Pennsylvania rarissime, a Dom. Zicgler datus. A. Plocli. timido differt tborace breviore, an- tice minus angustato sed magis rotundato, elytris angustioribus, fere parallelis, postice vix dilatatis, paulo minus truncatis, colore necnon pallide ferru- gineo, (nam P. timidus nigro-piceus est). LEBIA. Latreille. § 1. Thoracc latitudino brevior, postice non retractus vel vix retractus, margine lato depresso. 1. *C0ncinna. Rufa, punctata; clylris cyaneis, a?itice late rufo marginatis ; abdomine nigro; tibiis, antennis- quefuscis. Long. *31, lat. - 155. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. Rufa; caput obscurius, dense punctatum ; antennre et palpi brunnei. Thorax punctatus antice vix emarginatus, angulis an- ticis obtusis, lateribus rotundatis, depressis, angulis posticis rec- tis, impressione transversa anteriore acute angulata, posteriore recta, linea longitudinali inconspicua. Scutellum utrinque im- pressum. Elytra cyanea, nitidissima, macula magna basali rufa, quadrantem occupante, quae ad suturam colore cyanco extenso propemodum in duas dividitur partes leviter striato-punctata ; interstitiis sparse punctatis, tcrtio punclis tribus majoribus. Subtus punctata, abdomen nigrum, tibia tarsiquc brunnei. 2. g r a n d i S . Hentz. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat in pro- vinciis australibus. 3. tricolor. Say. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat NovEboraci ra- rius, et ad Lacum Superiorem. Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptera. 193 4. *plcuritica. Rufa ; clytris cyaneis, vel viridi-cyancis, striatis ; cpipleurit rufis, abdomine nigra. Long. "28, lat. -12. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorcm. Rufa; caput triangulare, leviter rugosum, pono oculos valde constrictum, impressionibus frontalibus distinctis, antice fovea parvanotatis ; fbveaque altera ad oculi marginem ; antennas arti- culis tribns primis nitidis, reliquis paulo obscurioribus. Thorax rugosus, antice vix emarginatus, lateribus valde rotundatis, late depressis, angulis posticis obtusis : impressione transversa ante- riore obtuse angulata ; posteriorc profundiuscula subrccta; linea longitudinal] capillar!. Scutellum parvum rufum. Elytra cyan- ea, vel viridi-cyanea, distincte striata, stria tcrtia punetis duobus impressis ; margine externo tenuissimo, epipleurisqne rufo tes- taceis. Abdomen nigrum, indistincte rugulosum. Stria3 elytrales quam in L. atriventri profundiores sunt, sed non sicut in L. tricolor! excavatae. 5. atriventris. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat in provinciis mediis et occidentalibus. 6. viridipennis. Dej. Sp. Gen. b or e (I . Hentz. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat cum priore. 7. * fill' cat a. Rufa; clytris trivittatis, vitta media, suturali, communi, antice f areata : pedibus nigris, femoribus suhtus flavescentibus. Long. -30, lat. -125. Habitat ad ilumen Platte, et ad Lacum Superiorcm. Rufa; caput antice rugulis inilistinctis notatum ; foveaque parva prope antennarum origincm ; palpi et oculi nigri ; anten- na articulo primo rufo; secundo et tertio rufis nigro-terminatis ; reliquis nigro-fuscis. Thorax brevis, antice leviter emarginatus, lateribus valde rotundatis, margine lato laterali et postico piano, flavescente, angulis posticis subrectia, disco toto rugoso ; impres- sionibus transversis satis distinctis, anguloa in medium formanti- bus, linea longitudinali profundiuscula. Elytra vittis tribus ni- gris, postice paulo abbreviatis; suturali antice furcata; spatiis 194 Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptera inter vittas exteriores et suturalem fiavescentibus ; leviter stria- ta, interstitio tertio punctis tribus impressis. Pedes nigri, femo- ribus subtus, tibiisque extus fiavescentibus. 8. pulchella. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in prov. australibus. 9. fuse at a. Dej. ibid. Habitat NovE boraci, et in provinces australibus. <* Dimidio minor, vitta marginali cum macula suturali paulo pone medium conjuncta. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. 10. axillaris. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinces australibus et ad Rocky Mountains. Abdomine nonnunquam pallido, sed sajpius infuscato. ap i calls . Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. 1. (Dromius.) var. brunnea. Hald. ibid. 1.1. ornata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil Soc. an alls . Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci rarius. 12. scapular is. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci, et ad Pocky Mountains. « Vitta elytrali postice marginem attingente. 13. •COnjungens. Rufa; capite inter oculos tenuiter striata, elytris vitta lata suturali, alteraque submarginali, postice connexis, tihiis tarsisaue nigris. Long. - 2 unc. lat. '1. Habitat NovEboraci rarissime. Rufa : palpi nigri, antenna fuscas basi rufaj. Caput triangu- lare, postice profunde constrictum, oculis rotundatis valde exstan- tibus, inter oculos tenuiter striatum et punctatum. Thorax fere semicircularis, apice paulo truncatus, margine lato depresso, transverse subtiliter rugosus, subnitidus, linca longitudinali pro- funda. Elytra thorace sesqui latiora subquadrata, plana, apice sinuato-truncata, profunde tenuiter striata, vitta lata communi suturali ad striam 3iau> extendente, alteraque a 5 ta ad 8vam p s- Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 195 tice leviter dilatata, et cum suturali conjuncta, nigris. Pedes nigri, femoribus basi, tibiis medio pallidis. L. vittatam et scapularem valde refert ; huic autem pedes ferruginei, illae caput striatum. 14. vittata. Fabr. Habitat ubique. 15. nigripennis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis aus- tralibus. 16. collaris. Dej. ibid. Habitat cum priore, et NovEboraci. 17. af finis. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinciis australibus. 18. *macill i comis. Obscure asnca, antcnnarum arliculo tertio pedibusque pallidis. Long. - 16, lat. "075. Ha- bitat in Georgia. Obscure senea ; antennae nigrae, articulo tertio, quartoque basi pallido. Thorax subquadratus, antice vix angustatus, subcon- vexus, tenuissimo marginatus, lateribus non depressis ; linea longitudinali tenui ; impressione transversa anteriore vix dis- tincta, posteriore profunda, angulis posticis reflexis, subelevatis, rectis : elytra obscure viridicentia, tenuiter striata, interstitio tertio punctis duobus : pedes pallidi. 19. smaragdula. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique. 20. viridis. Say et Dej. Habitat ubique. 21. pumila. Dej. Sp. Gen. floricold. Harris, N. E. Farmer. Habitat in provinciis mediis. § 21. Thorax convcxus, cordatus, postice retractus, margine de- presso nullo. 22. 4-vittata. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in Alabama, a Dom. Haldeman amice data. 23. abdominalis. Chaudoir Bui. de Soc. Imp. des Nat. Moscou. Rufa, antcnnis obscuris basi testaccis, ca- fite elytrisque viridi-asneis, pectore, genubus tibiisque ad apicem nigris. Long. - 2 unc, lat. '08. Habitat in Alabama, a D. Haldeman amice data. 196 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. Rufa. Antenna obscurae, articulis duobus primis testaceis palpi picei, mandibular ferrugineae. Caput convexum pone oculos profunde constrictum, collo brevi in thorace immissum, sparse subtiliter punctatum ad oculos leviter rugosum, yiridi-ae- neum nitidum. Oculi parvi modice exstantes. Thorax capite vix latior, latitudine summa paulo brevior, subcordatus, lateribwi valde rotundatus, postice retractus, ad angulos posticos leviter sinuatus, antice posticeque truncatus, disco convcxo, leviter spar- sequepunctatus et rugosus ; impressione transversa anteriore vix distincta, posterioro valde profunda recta, linea longitudinali tcnui. Scutellum brunneum. Elytra subquadrata thorace du- plo latiora, postice recte truncata, obsoletissime striata, striis hie illic punctatis, interstitiis planissimis. Postpectus nigrum ; femo- ra ad apicem anguste infuscata : tibiis ad apicem tarsisque ni- gris, his articulo quarto bifido sed non cordiformi. COPTODERA. Dej. 1. Vindipcnnis. Obscure viridis, antennarum basi ferrugi- nea ; el.ytris viridi-nitidis, tenuc striatis. Long. -26, lat. -11. Habitat in Alabama. Obscure viridis; antennce articulis tribus primis fcrrugineis, reliquis fuscis. Thorax longitudine duplo latior, postice levissi- me angustatus, lateribus valde rotundatis, angulis posticis vix conspicuis, obtusissimis ; margine basique depressus : linea lon- gitudinali profunda, impressione transversa anteriore indistinota, posteriore profunda, punctoque basali distincta. Elytra viridi- nitentia, thorace latiora, deplanata, humoris rotundatis, satis prominentibus, lateribus leviter rotundatis postice oblique trun- catis et sinuatis, tenuiter striata, striis versus apicem paulo pro- fundioribus; interstitiis planissimis, tertio punctis duobus. Sub- tus nigra, pedes picei. 2. aerata. Knoch. Neue Beit. Habitat in provinciis australi- bus. 3. signata. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat cum priore. Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptcra. 197 4. *Collaris. Nigra; antennarum basi, pedibus, thorace (cx- cepta macula mediali nigropicca) elytrorum margine tenuissimo, maculaque apicali, testaceis, apice summo brunnco. Long. -22 unc. lat. -1 unc. Habitat in Georgia rarius. Statura omnino C. signatae. Caput nigrum vix nitidum laeve, oculis magnis prominulis. Antenna ferrugineae, basi testaceae. Thorax planus, capite paulo latior, latitudine summa sesqui bre- vior, antice cmarginatus, latoribus rotundatus, postico leviter re- tractus, margine reflexo versus basin latiore ; linea longitudinali profunda, impressionibus transversis tenuibus ; testaceus macu- la discoidali ante medium nigro-fusca. Elytia thorace fere ses- qui latiora, subquadrata fere plana, postice sinuato-truncata; distincte striata ; epipleuris, margine laterali tenuissimo, apica- liquo lato pallido, ad suturam quadratim dilatato apice summa brunnea. Abdomen brunneum ; pedes testaceo ferruginei. C. signatam valde refert ; thorace tamen lateribus paulo mi- nus rotundato, postice leviter angustato, elytrisque minus pro- funde striatis : C. signata, porro, fascia transversa pallida ante medium facile dignoscitur. THYREOPTERUS. Dej. EURYDERA. Lap. 1. fasciatllS. Nigro-amcus nilidus, antennis, palpis, pedibus, elytrisque jmllidis ; his macula magna scutellari fas- cia lata undulata apicequefuscis. Long -2 unc, lat. •1. Habitat in provinciis australibus. Coptodcra fasciata. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. Nigro-aeneus nitidus. Caput triangulare laeve, puncto utrinque frontali impresso, oculis parvis vix exstantibus, mandibular piceae, antennae palpiquo testacei. Thorax capite paulo brcvior, longi- tudine summa sesqui latior, subquadratus antice leviter cmargin- atus, lateribus ante medium valde rotundatis, pone medium rec- tis, levitor rotractis, basi recto truncato, angulis posticis obtusis apico non rotundatis ; disco minus convexus, impressione traas- 198 Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptera. versa anteriore indistincta posteriore valde profunda recta, linea longitudinali tetiui, integra, basalibus parvis profundis, basi pone impressionem transversam sublilissime striato. Elytra thorace basi sesqui latiora, latitudine summa longiora, subquadrata, sub- plana, apice sinuato truncata ; tenuiter striata, striis versus api- cem paulo indistinctis, lma, 2nda que integris 3ia et 4 paulo distinctiore, in- terstitiis latis modice profundis. Subtus fuscus, pectora, trocban teres et pedes ferruginei. Long. "51, lat. -21. Habitat in provinciis australibus. 11. per plexus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Angustior : antenna obscu- rae, articulis duobus primis, tertiique basi ferrugineis. Caput quam in B. LeContei paulo brevius et latius, lasve, punctis pau- cis posticis, impressionibus frontalibus valde profundis, rugo- sis. Thorax latitudine caput aequans, quam in prsecedente paulo brevior, angulis anticis rotundatis, prominulis, lateribus usque ad medium fere rectis, dein rotundato-contractis, prope basin rctractis sed non constrictis, angulis posticis divergentibus; mar- gine valde reflexo : multo minus convexus, sparse punctatus : impressionibus transversis vix distiuctis, linea longitudinali bene imprcssa, integra. Elytra cyanescentia bumeris rotundatis dis- tinctis, lateribus leviter ampliatis; convexa, pubescentia, subti- lius punctata ; costis latis, interstitiis angustis, minimc profundis, ita ut strias obsolete videntur. Subtus ferrugineus, lateribus fuscis. Long. -44, Int. -17. Habitat NovEboraci. 12. flimans. Fabr. Syst. Eleutli.: Dej. Sp. Gen. cyan op terilS. Dej. MS. ; LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. Angustior; a»)!c««<8articulisq\iatuor primis ferrugineis, reliquia obscuris ; caput fere ut in prsecedente, impressionibus tamen pro- 204 Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptcra. fundioribus, ct sparse punctatis. Thorax fere ut in prreccdente, angulis anticis minus rotundatis, latcribus usque ad medium fere rectis, leviter ampliatis, postice magis retractis, angulis posticis valdc divergentibus ; margins latiore reflexo, praesertim versus angulos anticos; subplanus, sparse punctatus ; impressione trans- versa anteriore valde angulata, non profunda, posteriore nulla, linea longitudinali profunda utrinque abbreviata. Elytra sub- cyanea, fere parallela, humeris valde rotundatis sed satis distinc- ris ; minus convexa, pubescentia, leviter punctata ; costata, inters- titiis profundioribus, latis, costis externis fere obsoletis. Subtus obscure ferruginous, lateribus fuscis, pedes ferruginei. Long. •475, lat. -205. Habitat NovEboraci. a Elytra viridescentia. 13. *sufflans. Priorem valde refert. Antenna: et caput eadem. Thorax paulo angustior, capiti arctius conjtinctus, an- gulis anticis deflexis, lateribus magis rotundatus postice paulo magis retractus ; convexior, minus punctatus, rugulis plurimis distinctis ; linea longitudinali tenuiore, impressione transversa anteriore angulata, distinctiore, posteriore nulla. Elytra sicut in B. fumantc. Subtus fcrrugineus, ad latera leviter infuscatus. Long. -495, lat. -20. Habitat NovEboraci. 14. *aff'inis. Corporis forma, B. viridipennem refert, sed ely- tra multo magis parallela. Antenna; articulis quatuor primis fer- rugineis, reliquis fuscescentibus. Caput subelongatum, oculis vix prominulis, teve punctis paucis pone oculos, et in impres- sionibus frontalibus, quae longaa sunt, sed non profunda?. Thorax capite vix latior, latitudine non longior, anticc cmarginatus, an- gulis valde rotundatis depressis : lateribus usque ad medium fere rectis, dein rotundato-angustatis, prope basin contractis non con- strictis, basi quam in alteris paulo latiore ; angulis acutis diver- gentibus ; margine tenuissimo reflexo; disco subconvexus, dense punctatus, impressionibus transversis vix observandis, linea longi- tudinali integra, medio minus profunda, basalibus latis. Elytra longiora, parallela, humeris valde rotundatis ; cyanescentia, pu- bescentia, subtilius punctata ; distinctius costata, costis postice et Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 205 externa obsoletis, interstitiis latis cxaratis. Subtus ferruginous, lateribus leviter infuscatis. Abdomen detisius pilosum. Long. •465, lat. -20. Habitat in Indiana ad flumen Obio. 15- viridipcnnis. Dej.Sp. Gon. Angustior; antennce cras- siusculae, obscurae, articulis duobus primis tcrtiique basi ferrugi- Jieis. Caput elongatum leviter punctatum, medio hove ; im- pressionibus frontalibus latis brcvibus non profundis. Thorax latitudine caput ascjuans, latitudino summa longior, capiti arete connexus, angulis anticis deflexis, lateribus rotundatis non am- pliatis, pone medium rcgula liter contractis, minime constrictis, angulis posticis rectis, vix divergentibus, margine tenuissimo reflexo ; convexus,densius minus fortiter punctatus ; impressione transversa anteriore valde angulata, profunda, posteriore leviter impressa, basalibus brevibus, linea longitudinali tcnui postice abbreviata. Elytra viridescentia, valde pubescentia, densius subtilius punctata; basi angusta, humeris valde rotundatis, indis- tinctis, lateribus leviter ampliatis ; subcostata, costis postice et externe obsolctioribus, interstitiis latis obtusis. Subtus fuscus, pectora, trocbanteres, et pedes ferruginei. Long. -55, lat. -235. Habitat in provinces australibus sat frequens. 16. viridis. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phila. B. vi- ridipennem valde refert. Antenna et caput eadem. Thorax antice paulo angustior, postice minus retractus, angulis posticis modice divergentibus ; minus convexus, minus dense punctatus ; impressione posteriore profundiore, linea longitudinali fortiter impressa, postice abbreviata. Elytra laste viridia, antice paulo angustiora, lateribus magis ampliatis ; distinctius costata, costis 2n(la e t 4ta paulo evidentioribus, interstitiis profundioribus. Sub- tus sicut in B. viridipenne. Long. -50, lat. -21. Habitat in provinciis australibus rarissime. 17. CCplialotes. Dej. Sp. Gen. Angustior ; antennce atten- uatas, ferruginccB apice paulo obscura?; caput latum oculis pro- minulis, ad latera leviter punctatum, improssionibus frontalibus latis, profundis. Thorax capito angustior, latitudine summa lon- gior, antice vix emarginatus, angulis rotundatis, lateribus rotund- 206 Catalogue of the GcoAcphagous Coleoptcra. atis, non ampliatis, pone medium regulariter rctractis, minime constrictis, angulis posticis divergentibus ; margine acute re- flexo ; convexus, leviter punctatus ; impressionibus transversis indistinctis, linea longitudinali profunda, tenui. Elytra cyanes- centia, pubescentia, vix punctata; basi valde angustata, humeris valde rotundatis, sed satis distinctis, lateribus usque ad dodran- tem ampliatis; levissimo et obtuse costata. Subtus ferrugineus lateribus infuscatis. Long. -355— 30, lat. -15— -12. Habitat ubique. 18. * V e 1 O X . B. cephalotem refert. Antenna: attenuate, longi- tudine corpus sequantes.ferrugineas, apice paulo obscurje. Caput impressionibus longioribus, profundioribus valde punctatis. Tho- rax brevior antice valde latior, vix emarginatus, angulis deflexis, lateribus Valde rotundatis, prope basin retractis, angulis posti- cis acutis, valde divergentibus ; margine tenuissimo reflexo ; sparse subtilius punctatus, minus convexus ; impressione trans- versa anteriore vix distincta, posteriore modice profunda, linea longitudinali tenui integra. Elytra fere sicut in B. cephalote, antice paulo minus angustata, liumcris minus rotundatis ; costis externis obsoletissimis. Subtus obscurus, pectora, trochanteres et pedes ferruginea. Long. -30, lat. -125. Habitat NovEbo- raci. 19. cordicollis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Corporis forma B. quadri- pennem valde refert. Antenna, ferrugineas, apice obscuras. Ca- put majus, ad latera sparse punctatum, impressionibus frontali- bus latis profundis. Thorax latitudine non longior, antice levi- ter emarginatus, angulis obtusis, deflexis, lateribus valde rotun- datis, usque ad medium ampliatis, prope basin valde contractus fere constrictis, angulis posticis modice divergentibus : margine valde reflexo ; modice convexus, obsolete rugosus et punctatus ; impressione transversa anteriore vix distincta, posteriore valde profunda, linea longitudinali profunda integra, basalibus rectis, profundis. Elytra obscure cyanescentia, pube densa breviore vestita, obsoletissime rugosa, magis parallela quam in B. quadri- penni, humeris minus rotundatis ; evidentius costata, costis ex- Catalogue of the Ceodcphagoua Colcoptera. 207 terne ct postice obsoletifl, interstitiis latis. Subtus ferrugineus. Long. -35, lat. -155. Habitat NovEboraci. 20. conform is. Dej. Sp. Gen. Corporis forma B. fumantem refert : triplo minor. Antennte tcnues, articulis duobus primis, tertii, quartiquo basi ferrugineis, reliquis obscurioribus. Caput latum, fere laeve, punctis paucis pone oculos ; imprcssionibus frontalibus longis, profundis, rugosis. Thorax latitudine paulo longior, capitc non latior, anticc leviter emarginatus, angulis valde obtusis, deflexis, lateribus usque ad medium rotundatis, , vix ampliatis, prope basin retractis, non constrictis, angulis posticis acutis valde divergentibus ; margine valde reflexo, anticc paulo latiore ; convexus, leviter rugose-punctatus ; im- pressione transversa antcriorc profunda, angulata, posteriore distincta, recta, linea longitudinali profunda, anticc abbrevia- ta. Elytra cyanescentia, pubcsccntia, vix punctata, fere kevia, costis 2nda et 4'a distinctis postice obliteratis, margine ex- timo reflexo, paulo latiore quam in praecedcnlibus ; humeris valdo rotundatis sed satis distinctis, lateribus fere parallclis. Subtus obscurus ; trochanteres, pedes, pectoraque ferruginca. Long. -365, lat. -155. Habitat NovEboraci. 21. metlius. Harris. Cat. Parvus, subelongatus : antenna elongatae, obscuraa, articulis duobus primis tertiique basi ferru- gmois. Caput, latum convexum la.'vc, imprcssionibus frontalibus profundis, rugosis. Thorax latiusculus, anticc emarginatus, an- gulis deflexis, obtusis, lateribus usque ad medium rotundatis leviter ampliatis, propo basin valde retractis fere constrictis, angulis posticis acutis valde divergentibus ; margine reflexo tenuissimo ; leviter convexus, laevis ; impressionibus transversis distinctis, anteriore valdo angulata, linea longitudina li profunda, Integra, basalibus brevibus profundis. Elytra subcyanea, minus opaca, humeris valdo rotundatis sed distinctis, lateribus leviter ampliatis fere parallclis; densius pubescentia, vix punctata, ob- solete costata, sutura costisque 2»lici instructum ; angulis anticis acutis porrectis. Palpi subelongati filiformes, articulo ultimo leviter ovali, max- illarium externorum penultimo .-pquante, apice trun- cato ; labialium penultimo sesqui breviore, apice vix truncato, fere rotundato. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Col copter a. 219 Antenna elongatae, setaceoe, articulo primo crassiore ; 2 n o elongate*, se- quentibus ti'ibus longitudine aequaliter descrescenti- bus, ultimo praecedentes duos ajquante ; ungues simplices. Prosternum postice prominens, compressum. Ous. — Genus Platynum appropinquated antennaramlabiique structura ei abhorret. Antennarum articulo tertio elongato cum Sphodro convenit, cui tamen dens labialis bifidus. larvallS. Pallidc rufo-picea, nitidissima ; thorace cordalo. postice valde angustato, margine lata reflexo, elytris obsoletissimc striatis, margine valde reflexo. Long. ■41, lat. -15. Habitat in vicinia urbis St. Louis : a Dom. Engelman benevole datus. Insectum insigne. Tota dilute rufo-picea, nitidissima. Caput laeve, linea transversa inter antennas, impressioneque parva an- tica incurva notatum : impressionibus frontalibus, latis levitev rugosis, linea longitudinali obliqua impressis. Thorax cordatus. capite paulo latior, latitudinc summa longior, antice profunde emarginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus usque ad me- dium valde rotundatus, doin recte retractus, basi latitudinis summa? dimidium aequante, leviter emarginato ; margine toto lato valde reflexo, versus basin crescente, et toti basis trien- tem sequante, angulis posticis valde elevatis, obtusis, dente minu- to prominulo instructis : disco planus, imprcssiono transversa anteriore fore nulla, posteriore profunda, antice acute angulata, 220 Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptcra. linea longitudinali fortissimo impressa, basalibus linearibus, lon- gis, obliquis. Scutcllum minutum apice acutum. Elytra basi angustissima, a thorace pediccllo brevi remota, ovalia, thorace sesqui latiora, latitudine summa vix duplo longiora, apice pro- fundesinuato-incisa, margine acute reflexo et elevato, pone qua- drantem latiore, cum plica acuta basali elevata connexo ; obso- letissimo striata, striis externis hie illic obsolete punctatis, serie punctorum marginali valde jirofunda. PLATYNUS. 1. erythropUS. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provincioe Nov- Eboraci parte occidentali. 2. a n g U S t a t US. Dej. ibid. Habitat cum priore. ANCHOMENUS. Bon. 1. (1 e C e n t i S (de C C n S.) Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. gagates. Mels. Cat.; Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique. 2. * c o r Si C i n US. Aptcrus,nigcr,nitidus ; thorace subquadralo, postice retracto, basi punctata, clytris profundissime striata. Long. -57, lat. ^lS. Habitat NovEboraci rarissime. Habitus omnino praecedentis, multo major : thorace tamen postice paulo magis retracto, impressionibus omnibus profundis, margine reflexo ; minus convexo, basi toto confertissime subtil- ius punctato, punctis fere ad medium yersus latera extendenti- bus. In A. decente autem thoracis basis sparse subtilissime punctatus est. Elytra profundissime striata, striis impunctatis interstitiis angustis, valde convexis, tertio jjunctis 3 parvis. 3. sinuatUS. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci. Thorace latiore quam in A. decente, antice minus rotundato, sed magis ampliato, postice multo minus retracto, basi toto confertim subtilius punctato, sed punctis antice non extendentibus, sicut in A coracino ; im- Catalogue of the G eodephagous Coleoptera. 221 pressionibus basalibus brevioribus facile dignosci potest species haicce. Elytra profundius quam in A. decente striata, striis obsolctissimo subtilissime punctatis. 4. depressUS- Haldeman Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Pliila. tligerriinus. Dej. Cat. Habitat NovEboraci. Praecedentibus simillimus, paulo depression Ca- put impressionibus frontalibus minoribus, profundior- ibus. Thorax fere sicut in A. decente ; postice ta- men minus retractus, minus convexus, margine tenui reflexo picescente; impressionibus profundis, basali- bus brevioribus, confertim minus subtiliter punctatis ; disco indistincte rugosus. Elytra profundius stria- ta striis leviter punctatis, intcrstitiis leviter convexis, tertio punctis 3 majusculis. <5. corvinus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinces australibus. a. Supra nigro-piceus, subtus rufo-piceus, pedibus paulo di- lutioribus. 6. deplanatus. Chaudoir. Bull, de Moscou. tharginalis. Haldeman. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. A praecedente vix differt, tborace paulo breviore, pos- tice minus retracto, elytris planioribus, antice magis emarginatis, postice magis oblique, minus profunde sinuatis, asgre cognoscendus. Dubitandum est ne species Haldemaniana ad banc, vel ad scijuentem speciem refeni debeat ; specimen tamen ab ei recep- tum ad banc speciem rite pertinet. 7 *marffinatUS. Dcpressus, niger, nitidus, thora<<> margine picco late reflexo, dy/ris striatis punctis 3-minoril>qs- Long. -42, lat. '115. Habitat NovEboraci rarius. Depressus, niger, nitidus ; antenna nigra?, 2'cdcs picei. Caput teve, impressionibus profundis. Thorax capitc scsqui latiore, latitudine gumma paulo brevior, subquadratus, antice emargina- tus, angulis anticis subporreclis, apicc rotundatis, latcribus usque 222 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptcra. ad medium ampliatis, non rotundatia, ad medium rotundato an- gulalis, dcin retiactis, latitudine basali apicalem a'quante, mar- gine toto lato valde reflexo, picco; disco modice doplanatua, lffivis ; imprcssionibus omnibus satis profundis, linea lnngitudi- nali tenui. Elytra depressiuscula, versus apicem leviter sinuata, striata, interstitiis modice convexis, tcrtio punctis 3 minoribus. 8. "tenuicollis. Gracilis; depressus, nigcr, nitidus, thorace margine reflexo picco, clytris tcnuiter striatis, punctis tribus minoribus. Long. -38, lat. - 135. Habitat ad cataractam Sanctse Mariae, (Sault de Ste. Marie.) Gracilis, angustus, depressus, niger, nitidus. Antenna fere cor- poris longitudine, attenuata;, nigrae, articulis 3 glabris. Palpi nigri, apice picei. Cajiut elorigatum. Thorax capite vix latior, latitudine non longior, subquadratus, antice emarginatus angulis obtusis, lateribus leviter rotundato-ampliatis, postice retiactis, latitudine basali apicali paulo minore ; margine toto laterali late reflexo, piceo ; disco modice convexus, kevissimus ; imprcssioni- bus transversis valde profundis, antcriore medio acute angulata, linea longitudinali fortiter impressa, basalibus clongatis, non pro- fundis. Elytra tborace vix sesqui latiora, elongata, subdepressa, subparallela, apice sinuata, tenuiter satis profunde striata, striis obsoletissime punctatis, interstitiis fere planis, tertio punctis 3 minoribus. 9. elongatulus. Dej. Sp. Gen. obsciiratllS. Cbaudoir. Bull, de Moscou. Descriptio ad feminam pertinet, descriptio autem Dejeaniana ad marem. Habitat in provinciis australibus et Nov- Eboraci. 10. e Xtcnsic ollis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat ubique. var. Li CC Ontei. Dej. Cat. ; LcConto, loc. cit. aup. U. *vil"idis. Subcyaneo-viridis nitidus, thorace basi subtiliter pnnctalo, clytris striatis, instertitiis pla?iis, tertio punc- Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptcra. 223 tis duobu.1 majusculis, antcnnarnm articulis tribus, pal-pis pedibusque ferrugineis. Long '39, lat. 'lfi. Habitat in Indiana ad flumen Ohio. Depressiusoulus, subcyaneo-viridis, nitidus. Antcnnm fuscae, •articulis 3 primis tcstaceo-fcrrugineis. Palpi testacei, labrum piceum. Caput laeve, imprcssionibus pavvis. Thorax capite paulo latior, latitudino sumraa paulo longior, subquadratus, antice vix emarginatus, angulis antic.is subacutis, lateribus leviter rotun- datis, pone medium retractis, basi apice angustiore, angulis pos- ticis obtusis, valde rotundatis, margine non reflexo ; disco antice wiodice convexus, basi toto dense minus subtiliter punctatus ; im- pressionibus transversis inconspicuis, linea longitudinal! integra, profunda, basalibus profundis, linea brevi basali indistincta nota- tis, antice obsolerissime prolongatis. Elytra striata, striis subtil- iter punctatis, interstitiis latis, accurate planis, tertio punctis 2 pone medium. Sulrtus nigcr, pedes cum coxis ferruginei. 12. dccoi'US. Say. Trans. Am. Phil- Soc. a. Thorace rufo, tevissimo, elytrorum striis leviter pnncta- tis, interstitiis obsoletissime punctatis fere lauvibus. A n c h o m en us thornc i cus. Dej. Sp. Gen. ■j3 Thorace rufo, hevissimo, elytrorum striis impmictatis, in- terstitiis subtilius punctatis. •y Thorace rufo, ad latera levisswne sparse puuetato, elytro- rum striis impunctatis, interstitiis evidenter densius punctatis. 2 Thorace rufo viridi-aereo obscurato, ad latera levissime sparse punctato : elytris laete viiidibus, sicut in (y) notatis. e Thorace obscure viiidi, ad latera sparse levissime punc- tato: elytris sicut in (y). Species ad libitum vaiians; habitat ubique ; validates has omnes ad lacus Onondaga littora inveni. 13 *obsCUl"US. Obscure cencus, thorace dcplanato, ad latera obsolete -punctata, cljjtris striatis, interstitiis 2>unctatu. 224 Catalogue of the Gcodcphagous Coleoptcra. tcrtio punctis 6 majusculis, antennarum basi, pedibut- que obscure Jerrugincis. Long. -34, lat. - 14. Habitat ad lacum Onondaga. Varietatem (e) prions niaximc refcrt. Antenna piceo-nigrae, articulo primo ferrugineo. Palpi picei. Caput antice attenua- tum, postice subtiliter punctulatum, impressionibus frontalibus linearibus, profundis, cum oculorum margine confluentibus. Tho- rax capitc sesqui lalior, latitudine summa vix breviof, subquad- ratus, antice leviter emarginatus, angulis anticis obtusis leviter rotundatis, lateribus modice rotundatis ct ampliatis, postice levi- ter retractUS, latitudine basali apicalem asquante ; subdeprcssus, ad latera postice pavce subtilius punctatus ; imj>ressionibus trans- versis inconspicuis, linea longitudinal! tenui, postice abbreviata, basalibus subobliquis, antice minus profundis, linea brevi basali notatis : carina brevissima ad angulum posteriorem, acujus dilata- tione cminentia parva oritur. Elytra obscure asnea, viridi mar- ginata, tcnuitur profunde striata, striis impunctatis, interstitiis levissime convexis, tertio punctis C vel 7 sicut in A. decoro positis. Subtus nigro-virescens ; pedes picei. AGONUM. Bon. 1. OCtopiinctatum. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat ubique_ 2. erythropum. Kirby-Richardson. Fauna Bor. Am. Hab- itat ad Mississippi scaturigines ct ad Rocky Moun- tains. 3. errans. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains rarius. 4. cupripenne. Say. ibid. for mo sum. Sturm Cat. metallic U m . Mels. Cat. Habitat ubiquc. 5. *CnU,lCCUin. Robtistiits, supra ceneum nilidum, clytris tha- race non latioribus, slriatis, interstitiis planis, tcrtio Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 225 punctis 3 impressis. Long. -335, lat. -13. Hab- itat ad Lacum Superiorem. Robustius, aenco-nigrum, supra eeneum, nitidum. Caput teeve, antice obtusum, impressionibus non profundis. Antenna et palpi toti nigri. Thorax capite plus sesqui lalior, latitudine summa paulo brevior, antice profundc emarginatus, angulis posticus ob- tusissimis valde rotundatis, basi medio leviter emarginato, mar- gine laterali pone medium anguste reflexo : disco leviter convexus ; impressionibus transversis inconspicuis, posteriore profundiorc, linealongitudinali tenuissima.integra.basalibus modice profundis, antice obsolete prolongatis, punctis paucis indistinctis, lineaque basal i cxternc recurva notarial Elytra thorace non latiora, apice vix sinuata, striata, striis lasvissimis, interstitiis accurate planis, tertio punctis 3 majusculis. 6 ni t i d U 1 U m. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ad lacum Sabulosam propc Mississippi Bcaturigines, 7 cunrcum. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ad Cataractam Sanctae Marias. 8. raclanarium. Dej. Sp. Gen. coll are. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. S.)0. N. S. Vol. IV. (Ancbomcnus.) m a U r u m . Hald. Proo. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phila. pull a t U m . Sturm. Cat. Habitat uMque. 9. mOCl'OnS. Dej. ibid. Habitat NovEboraci rarius. 10 Harrisii. Nigrum, nitidum, thorace suhquadrato, antice leviter angus/ato, angulis posticis rotundatis, elytra tenuiter striatis, striis obsoletissime punctatis, punctis- que 3 impressis. Long. -4, lat. -17. Habitat in Mas- sachusetts, a Dom Harris lectum. Prtcccdenti simi'limum ; paulo major, thorace latiore. Totum nigrum, nitidum : caput impressionibus frontalibus ad oculorum marginem prolongatis, tcm.ibus. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine summa paulo brcvior, subquadratus, antice leviter 226 Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptera. angustatus, lateiibus valde, basi leviter rotundatus, angulis poa- ticis obtusis, modice rotundatis ; disco vix convexus, transversim leviter rugosus ; impressionibus transversis debilibus, anteriore angulata, paulo distinction), linea longitudinali utrinque abbrevi- ata, satis profunda, basalibus magnis, rotundatis, non profundis, punctis paucis impressis. Elytra thorace latiora, subparallola apice rotundata, levissime sinuata; striata, striis obsoletissime punctatis; interstitiis levissime convexis, tcrtio punctis 3 im- pressis. A praecede ite difTert thorace latiorc anticc magis angustato, lateiibus basique minus rotundatis, angulis posticis minus rotun- datis ; striis elytrorum inconspicuo punctatis, interstitiis minus planatis. 11. morosum. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique. 12. p 1 C e U m . llufo-piccum, nitidum, capite thoraccque obscuriore, hoc subquadrato, angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, elytris profundc striatis,punctisquc 3 impressis. Long. •28 lat. -12, Massachusetts: a Dom. Harris bencvole datum. Agonum piccum. Harris Cat. Rufo-piceum nitidum, capite, thorace, antennis, palpisque ob- scurioribus. Caput rhomboideum, rugulis paucis inter impres- siones frontales et oculos. Thorax capite fere duplo latior, latitudine summa paulo brevior, subquadratus, antice paulo an- gustatus, lateiibus valde rotundatus, basi parum rotundatus, angu- lis posticis valde obtusis, apice leviter rotundatis ; disco subplanus, leviter rugosus ; margine versus angulos posticos indistincte de- presso; impressionibus transversis distinctis, linea longitndinali intcgra, basalibus latis, non profundis, subtilius rugosis, eminen- tia parva obsoletissima adangulum. Elytra thoraco fere sesqui latiora, transversim modice convexa, apice rotundata, vix sinuata; profundc striata, interstitiis modice convexis, tcrtio punctis 3 impressis, duobus posticis ad striam sccundam sitis. Subtus totum rufo-piceum. Catalogue of the Gcodcphagous Colcoptera. 227 13. nutans. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. femoratum. Mels. Cat.; Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in pro- vinces occidentalibus ct ad Rocky Mountains. 14. * basal e. JEnco-nigrum, supra ancum nitidum, thorace subuircscentc, clytris profunde striatis, punctisque 3 minoribus, antennarum articulo primo, pedibusque fer- rugineis. Long. -30, lat. -115. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains rarius. Gracilc, aoneo-nigrum, supra iera ter transverse rugosus, testaceus, medio vitta lata fuscescento ; impressionibus trausversis distinctis, linca longitudinali tenuis- sima, antice abbreviata, basalibus vix conspicuis. Elytra apico vix sinuata, subtiliter minus profundc striata, stria sutuiali pro- fundiorc; pallide testacca, sutura leviter infuscata. 26. luctUOSlim. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique : variat ni- gro-piceum, pedibus rufo-piceis. 27. punctifomie. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat ubique rarius. r ufip e s . Dej. Sp. Gen. 28. limb at U m. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. palliatum. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis rarius, et in australibus. OLISTHOPUS. Dej. . parmatus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. (Fcronia.) Habitat in provinciis mediis, et occidcntalibus rarius. m 1 C a n S . Piccus, nilidus, thoracc rotundato, antice cmargi- nato, clytris cyanco-micantihus, tcnuitcr striatis, punc- tis 3 impressis, antennarum basi pcdibusquc tcstaceis. Long. -19, lat. - 09. Habitat in Georgia rarissime. Piceus, nitidus. Antenna basi pallidas, palpi picei apice tes- tacei. Caput latum, antice subacutum, impressionibus vix dis- tinctis ; puncto majusculo ad oculorum margincm snperiorem. Thorax latitudine summa sesqui fere bievior, antice emargina- tus, lateribus cum basi valdo rotundatis, angulis posticis fere nullis ; disco levissime convexus ; impressionibus transversis fere obliteratis, linea longitudinali profunda, basalibus parvis, ro- tundatis, vix conspicuis. Elytra rotundata, apice fere truncata, thoracc latiora, latitudine summa vix sesqui longiora, tenuiter striata, tertia punctis 3 majusculis, interstitiis planissimis ; picea, margine dilutiore, cyaneo-micantia. Epiplcura, j>edcsque tes- tacei. Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Colcoptera. 231 PLATYDERUS. Stephens. 1. erythropus. Dej. (Feronia) Sp. Gen. nitidus. Kirby. F. B.-A. Vol. IV. Habitat ubique rari- us ; mento late dentato, dente brevissimo, obtuse eraarginato ab Argutore distinguendus. PCECILUS. Bon. 1. chalcites. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat ubique satis commune. 2. 'cyailCUS. Cyaneus, elytris nitorc viridi micantibus, tho- race basi utrinque bistriato, stria exteriore breviore, elytris prqfunde striatis, stria tertia punctis duobus majusculis, anlcnnis pedibusque nigris. Long. -445, lat. *18. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Cyaneus, nitidus, elytris nitore viridi micantibus. Antenna nigras, articulis duobus primis subtus piceis. "Palpi nigri. Ca- put pai-um convexum, oculis minusculis vix exstantibus, laeve, impressionibus frontalibus levibus, linearibus, brevibus. Thorax capite duplo fero latior, latitudine siimrna sesqui fere brevior, subquadratus, antice leviter angustatus, vix emarginatus, angulis anticis dcflcxis, latcribus valde rotundatis ; modice convexus, postice subdeprcssus ; impressionibus transversis inconspicuis, linea longitudinali tenui, Integra ; basalibus geminis, linearibus, profundis, exterioro angulo approximata, breviore, basi toto lae- vissimo. Elytra subparallela, parum convexa, profunde striata, striis leviter punctatis, striola inter primam et secundam postice valde abbreviata, cum prima non confluente, intcrstitiis subplanis tertio punctis 2 majusculis pone medium sitis. Subtus niger, nitidus. Obs. — P. chalciti simillimus, thorace tamen postice retracto, basi impunctato, intcrstitiis ulytralibus planiusculis, striis minus punctatis, antennarumque basi nigro-piceo facile distinguendus. 3. lucublandus. Say. loc. cit. sup. Abundat ubique. Species ad libitum varians, non modo colore, 232 Catalogue of the Gcodepliagous Coleoptera. aeneo, viridiaeneo, vel nigro, sod etiam thoracis basis punctatione, quaa sape vix conspicua est; pedes nonunquam castanei sunt. Semper tamen antennarum articuli tres basalos ferruginei, ct palpi picei adsunt. 4. *dilatatus. Latior, minus convexus, anco-virescens, thoracc basi subtilius punctato, lateribus modice depresso, ely- tris angustius striatis, interstitio tertio punctis tribus minoribus, antennarum articulis tribus ferrugineis Long. -45, lat. -205. Habitat NovEboraci rarissime P. lucublando similliraus, multo latior, et minus convexus JEneo-virescens, subnitidus. Caput paulo latius, minute punc tulatum et rugulosum, impressionibus frontalibus minus profun dis, indistinctis. Palpi picoi, basi ferruginei. Antenna piceae articulis tribus primis ferrugineis. Thorax capitc duplo latior latitudinc summa paulo brevior, antice modice angustatus, angu- lis anticis apice non rotundatis, lateribus valde rotundatus, basi recte truncatus, angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, margine pone medium modice explanato, depresso, disco levitcr convex- us, transverse rugulosus ; basi pracsertim ad latera subtilius mi- nus dense punctato, impressione transversa anteriore angulata, subindistincta, posteriore nulla, linea longitudinali tcnui, integra, basalibus geminis, linearibus, exteriore brevissima foveoliformi, interiore profunda. Elytra tborace non latiora, subparallela, subdepressa, striis angustioribus, interstitiis planiuscnlis, tertio punctis 3 minoribus. Subtus niger, pedes piceo-castanei. 5. castanipes. Kirby. Richardson Fauna Bor. Am. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. P. lucublaiulo simillimus, ni- gro-cyanescens, pedibus, palpis, antennarumque articulis tribus primis rufo-castaneis ; tborace longitudine non latiore, antice minus angustato, lateribus minus rotundato, angulis posticis fere rectis, vix rotundatis, margine explanato paulo latiore, impres- sionibus basalibus minus profundis, fere laevibus, dignoscitur. *bicolor. Cyanesccns, subnitidus, tliorace margine explana- to, basi obsolete punctato, utrinquc uniimpresso, angu- lis posticis valde rotunda/is, antennarum basi pedi- Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptcra. 233 husque ferrugincis. Long. -46, lat. 18. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Nigro-cyanescens, subnitidus. Antenna: fuscaa, articulis tribus primis fenugineis. Palpi rufo-picei, apice picei. Caput sub- tilissime rugosum, impressionibus frontalibus parvis, brevissimis, vix distinctis. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudinc summa vix brevior, antice leviter cmarginatus et angustatus, angulis anticis valde obtusis, lateribus valde rotundatus.basi parum angustatus, latcribus postice late deplanatus, basi fere recto, angulis posticis obtusis, valde rotundatis ; disco modice convexus, basi versus latera, margincquedepresso minus dense subtilius punctatus ; im- pressionc transversa angulata, vix distincta, posteriore recta, mo- dice notata, basalibus internis latis, brevibus, non prof'undis, ad basin vix distinctis, externis evanescentibus. Elytra profun- de striata, striis subtiliter punctatis, interstitiis modice convexis, tcrtio punctis 4 impressis. Subtus niger, pedes cum coxis anti- cis ferruginei, coxae intermedia; et posticae piceo-nigra?. . COnvexicollis. Say.Trans.Am.Phil.Soc.Vol.il. Nigro-virescens, nitidissimus , thorace impressionibus transversis, h asalibus que profundi >s, his vix punctatis , margine laterali tenui dcplanato, clytris ccneis, striis leviter punctatis, punctisquc tribus impressis ; antenna- rum basi f err ugineo, palpis pedibusque nig?-o-piceis. Long. -35, lat. -14. Habitat ad Cataractam Sanctae Maria; rarius. Insectum elegans : supra nigro-virescens, elytris eeneis, niti- dissimis, subtus niger. Antenna obscurae, articulis tribus basa- libus pallide fenugineis, palpi picei. Caput laeve impressioni- bus parvis, brevissimis, satis profundis. Thorax capite vix duplo latior, antice leviter angustatus, profunde emarginatus, angulis anticis apice non rotundatis, latcribus modice rotundatus, prse- sertim ante medium, postice levissimc retractus, margine angus- tiusculo, pone medium explanato, basi fere recto, angulis posti- cis leviter obtusis, apice non rotundatis ; disco convexus lsevissi- mus, punctis paucis ad basin indistinctis ; impressionibus trans $34 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. versis profundis, linca longitudinali bene notata, basalibus gemi- nis profundis, exteriore breviore. Elytra tborace non latiora, eubparallela, aenea, nitida ; profunda striata, striisjeviter punctatia, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio punctis 3 majoribus. Pedes nigro-picei. 8. ScitlllllS. Subclongatus. subdej)rcssus, late viridicencus, vel purpureus, nitidissimus ; thorace postice retracto, basi utrinquc bistriato, elytris profunda striatis, striis leviter punctatis,punctisque duobus imj'rcssis, antenna- rum articulis duobus ferrugineis. Long. -315, lat. ■125. Habitat ad fluminis Platte furcationem. Species lepida. Angustiusculus subdepressus,la;te viridiaeneus, raro purpureus, nitore viridi micans, nitidissimus. Palpi nigri, articulo ultimo apico piceo. Antcnnce picco-nigras, ai'ticulis duo- bus primis ferrugineis. Caput majusculum, oculis prominulis, impressionibus frontalibus linearibus, profundis, externe curvatis. Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine surnma vix longior, antice non angustatus, leviter emarginatus, angulis subdefloxis, lateri- bus antice valde rotundatus, postice modice i-etractus, basi me- dio levissimo emarginatus, angulis posticis rectis, apice non ro- tundatis : leviter convexus ; impressiono transversa anteriore modice profunda, arcuata, posteriore minus distincta, linea longi- tudinali utrinquo abbreviata, profunda, basalibus geminis lineari- bus, profundis, exteriore margini valde approximate, breviore, interstitio depresso, irregularitcr striato (sicut in Omaseis pleris- que. Elytra subparallela, disco planiuscula, profunde striata, striis leviter punctatis, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio punctis 2 majusculis pone medium sitis. Subtus niger, tarsis piceo-ni- gris. OMASEUS. Ziegler. Genus antennis breviusculis, articulo lmo crassiore ; 2>id° ro- tundato-obconico ; 3io duplo fere longiore sensim, valde clavato ; 4i» sesqui breviore, sensim clavato ; reliquis a^qualibus, subquad- Catalogue of the GcodapJiagous Coleoptera. 335 ratis, crassitie sesqui longioribus, leviter compressis, ultimo paulo longiore, apice acuto : monti dentc obtuse emarginato, distinctum. 1. orinotnum. Lead.. Kiiby. F. B.-A. Vol. IV. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. ADELOSIA. Stephens. OMASEVS. p. Dcj. Antenna, breves, crassiuscute, caput cum thorace vix exce- dentes ; articulo lmo crassiore, cylindrico ; 2n3o brevi, obconico. crassitie vix longiore : 3io plus duplo longiore, clavato, basi com- presso ; 4t« sesqui brcviore, inferne sinuate, a medio subito cla- vato ; reliquis sequalibus, subquadratis, crassitie duplo longiori- bus, modice compressis, ultimo paulo longiore, apice acuto. Thorax subquadratus, postice angustatus, lateribus brevissime sinuatis, basi utrinque uniimpressus; elytra stria rudimentali inter Imam c t 2ndam s ; ta , longa, distincta ; palpi crassiusculi : mentuni dente lato, apice leviter emarginato. Habitus subdepressus, fere Omasei oiinomum : distinctus ta- men articulo antennarum tertio. 1. muta. Say. Am. Phil. Trans., Vol. III. (Feronia.) Carbonari a. Dej. Sp. Gen. Vol. III. (Feronia.) picicomis. Kirby. F. B.-A. Vol. IV. (Omaseus.) Abun- dat ubique. 2. m or OS a. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci : pnecedenti simillima ; forma paulo angustiore, thorace postice paulo magis rctracto, lateribus postice minus sinua- tis, basi medio leviter emarginato, aegre cognoscenda. 3. O b lo 11 go HO t a t a . Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. Omaseo oiinomum simillima ; thorace tamen postico magis rctracto, bre- vissime, lovissimeque sinuato ; margino acutius re- flexo ; elytrisque paulo minus profundc striatis, dis- tincta. 336 Catalogue of the Gcodcphagom Coleoptera, STERE0CERU9. Kirby. OMASEUS. p. auctorum- Antennae breves, crassiusculse, caput cum thorace vix exce- dentes ; articulo l mo brevi, crasso, latitudine vix longiore ; 2n. agilis. Dej. Sp. Gen. fe in or at US. Kirby . F. B.-A. Vol. IV. Habitat ubique. 7. *brevicollis. Niger nitidissimus, tliorace latiore, antice levissime emarginato, angulis deflexis, vix rotundatis, lateribus antice valde rotundato, postice levissime rctracto, basi recto, angulis posticis leviter explanatis, fere rectis, apice non ro- tundatis ; disco antice modice convexo, postice subplano ; impressionibus transversis vix distinctis, linea longitudinali utrinque paulo abbreviata, basalibus profundis, punclis paucis uotatis ; clytris viridi cyaneoque micantibus, profunde striatis, striis subtilissime punctatis, interstitiis convexis, tertio puncto impresso ; antennarum articulo primo, palpisque fcrrugineis, his apice piceis: pedibus nigris. Long. -41, lat. -17.0. Habitat in provinciis australibus, et NovEboraci rarius. s. minor. Chaudoiv loc. cit. sup. (Megalostylus.*) Niger niti- dus ; thorace paulo augustiore quam in praecedente, antice levi- ter emarginato, angulis anticia deflexis, apice non rotundatis, Megalostylus, genus Ciirculionidtim, conf. Sclidn. Gen. et Sp. Cuicul. Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Gcodcphagous Goleoptera. 339 lateribus modice rotundato, postice levissime angustato, angulis posticis obtusis, apice non rotundatis, modice deplanatis ; disco vix convexo, postice subplano; linea longitudinali tcnuissima, im- pressionibus transversis fere obsolotis, posteriore ]>aulo eviden- tiore ; basalibus latioribus, brevioribus, profundis, punctis nonul- lis obsolotis : elytris paulo latioribus, convexioribus, subparal- lelis, lateribus perparum rotundatis, profunda striatis, shiis levis- sime punctatis, intorstitiis modice convexis, tertio puncto im- presso : antonnarum articulis tribus basalibus palpisque ferrugi- nois, bis apice piceis ; femoribus nigro-piceis, tibiis, tarsisque brunneis. Long. -355, lat. '15. Habitat Novi Aureliani a Dom. Guex bencvole datus. 9. erratic US. Dej. Sp. Gen. Piacccdento paulo angustior, niger nitidissimus ; tborace autice levissime emarginato, angulis anticis magis deflexis, lateribus antice modice rotundatis, postice levissime sinuatis, retractisque, basi fere recto, angulis posticis accurate rectis, apice non rotundatis, minus explanatis; disco antice modice convexo, postice subplano ; impressionibus trans- versis fere obsoletis, posteriore evidentiorc, linea longitudinali profunda, ]iostico abbreviata, basalibus profundis, longioribus, punctis paucis minus subtilibus notatis, elytris subparallelis minus convexis, cyaneo micantibus, profunde striatis, striis obso- letius punctatis, intorstitiis vix convexis, tertio puncto imprcsso ; an tennis nigris, ariiculo primo picescente, palpis brunneo-piceis, pedibus nigro-piceis, tarsis brunneis. Long. - 39, lat. - 15. Habitat in provinciis australibus. 10. *nitidultlS. Statura omnino praccedentis, niger nitidis- simus ; tborace latitudine summa paulo brcviore, antice emargi- nato, angulis anticis vix deflexis, modice rotundatis, lateribus rotundato, postice leviter retracto (non Binuato), b:isi medio levis- sime emarginato, angulis posticis minus explanatis, obtusis, apice non rotundatis; disco antice levissime convexo, postice sub- plano ; linea longitudinali tcnuissima, impressions transversa anteriore omnino obliterate, posteriore distincta, basalibus longi- oribus, linoaribus, modice profundis, parte minus subtiliter punc- 340 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptcra. talis, elytris cyaneo-micantibus, subparallelis, minus convexis, etriis profundis, impunctatis, interstitiis fere planis, tertio puncto impresso ; antennis brunneis, basi ferrugineis ; palpis ferrugi neis ; femoribus piceis, tibiis tarsisque obscure ferrugineis. Long. 37, lat. - 14. Habitat in provinces australibus. ttt Thorace rotundato retracto, angulis posticis obtusis ; pedi- bus saturate rufis. 11. 1 ucidlllus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Niger nitidissimus ; thorace angulis anticis sub-deflexis, vix rotnndatis, lateribus valde rotun- dato, postice leviter retracto, angulis posticis obtusis, valde rotun- datis, impressione transversa anteriore profunda, angulata, linea longitudinali tenui, antice abbreviata, basalibus profundis, parce punctatis ; elytris profunde striato-punctatis, cyaneo-micantibus, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio puncto impresso ; antcnnarum basi, palpis, pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. -48, lat. - 18. Habi- tat in provinciis australibus. 12. laticollis. Chaudoir. Bulletin Soc. Imp. des Nat.de Mos- cou, No. IV. (Megalostylus). Niger nitidissimus, thorace paulo latiore, angulis anticis deflexis, rotnndatis, lateribus minus rotun- dato, postice non retracto, angulis posticis minus rotundatis, im- pressione transversa anteriore margini approximata, vix angulata, basalibus minus profundis, obsolete parce punctatis, linea longi- tudinali antice paulo abbreviata, tenui; elytris cyaneo-micanti- bus, profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio puncto impresso ; antennarum basi, palpis pedibusque ferrugi- neis ; tibiis posticis maris incurvatis. Long. -44, lat. -175. Hab- itat in provinciis australibus. PIESMUS* nov. gen. Antennae filiformes ; palpi crassiusculi, articulo pcnultimo basi attenuate), ultimo cylindrico truncate* non longiore, mentum dente longo, obtuso, integerrimo, apico leviter impresso. Thorax subquadratus, postice retractus, lateribus rotundatis, margine * A ?r;i£o), premo, quasi corpora depresso. Catalogue of the Gcodcphagous Colcoplera. 341 latiusoulo rcflexo, basi late impressus. Elytra profuntle striata, stria rudimentali longiuscula, inter lmsm et 2». Thorax subquadratus, lateribus rotundatis, postice brevis- sime sinuatis, leviter retractis : margiae refleKo; basi biimpressus, impressione exteiiore brevisaima, punctiformi. Elytra thorace paulo larioraapice rotundata, vix sinuata, stria rudimentali longius- cula, cum prima confluente, interstitio tertio 3-punctato. Habitus duplo breviore, subcylindrico ; 3''> sesqui, vel etiam dujilo longiore, apice vix clavalo ; 4to et BequentibuB ci sequali- bus (in Platysmate vix conspicue brcvioribus) levissimo obconi- cis, leviter compiessis, ultimo paulo longiore, apice subacute Mentum dente lato, longo, versus apicem profunde excavato-im- presso, apice plus minusve emarginato. Habitus varius. Palpi externi articulo penultimo basi attenuate ; ultimo nunc paulo longiore, nunc breviore, in omnibus fere cylindrico, apice rotun- dato-truncato. § 1. Corpus ovale ; thorace basi elytra squante, basi utrinque biimpresso, margine tenui reflexo : elytris stria prima basi obliqua, unacum secunda oriente. ABAX. Uonelli. 1. striata. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis australibus, a Dom. Haldeman amice data- Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Colcoptera. 343 2. permunda. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. Hab- itat ad St. Louis. 3. # qiiadricollis. Angustior, parallela, thorace quadrato, antice vix angustato, transversim levitcr rugoso, mar- ginc valde angusto, basi utrinque longe profundeque bistriato, elytris profunde stria/is, striis obsolete punc- tatis, stria rudimentah fere nulla, interstitio 7 m " levi- tcr clevato. Long. -G, lat. -2. Habitat in Pennsyl- vania, a Dom. Melsheimer benevole data. F. striola Europaj valde refert, sed minor et angustior, tho- race antice vix angustato, basi impunctato, profunde bistriato, spatio inter striam exteriorem et marginem elevato, fere carina- to ; Btriaque elytrorum abbreviata, obsoletissimaque facile distin- guenda haec species. § 2. Antennis breviusculis, valde compressis, thorace lateribus valde rotundatis, basi subito constricto, medio leviter emar- ginato, angulis posticis rectis, minime rotundatis, basi utrin- que biimpressa, acuteque carinata; elytrorum stria abbre- viata, inter Imam et 2>»la"i sita, brevissima, ssepe vix con- spicua. MOLOPS. Bonclli. 1. "colossus. Nigra nilida, thorace antice paulo angustato, lateribus valde rotundato, post ice subito constricto, basi obsolete rugosc-punctato, chjtrisstriato-punctatis,punc- toquc impresso. Long. -77, lat. -28. Habitat in Mis- souri. Nigra, nitida; caput breviusculum, linea transversa inter an- tennas valde profunda ; impressionibus frontalibus linearibus, profundis, antice paulo abbreviatis. T/iorax capite duplo latior, latitudine paulo brevior, antice paulo angustato, rotundato-emar- ginato, angulis subacutis, lateribus valde rotundatis, ad basin subito constrictis, sinuatisque ; disco minus convexus ; linea anti- ca arcuata, margini approximata, distincta, impressione anteriore transversa vix distincta, posteriore modicc ]>rofunda, linea longi- 344 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. tudinali profunda, utrinque abbreviata, basalibus profundis, ru- gose-punctatis, profunde bistriatis', striis subsequalibus, interiore paulo longiore. Elytra ovalia, lateribus leviter rotundatis, pos- tice rotundata, vix sinuata, basi profunde impressa, leviter con- tracta, humeris distinctis ; striato-punctata, striis postice leviori- bus, stria rudimentali punctiforrni, interstitiis levissime convexis, tertio unipunctato. 2. SUDstriata. Latiuscula, nigra nitida, tlwrace postice valde constricto, impressionibus profundis, impuncta- tis, exteriore breviore ; elytris tenue striato-punctatis, striis externis obsoletis. Long. -57, lat. 21. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Latiuscula ; mandibulm profunde striatae. Caput linea trans- versa profunda, impressionibus frontalibus linearibus, profundis. Thorax capite vix duplo latior, latitudine brevior, antice vix emarginatus, lateribus valde rotundatis, postice valde coarctatis, minus sinuatis; disco minus convexus; impressione anteriore linea arcuata valde profunda, posteriore valde profunda, linea longitudinali forti, antice paulo abbreviata, basalibus profundis, impunctatis, linea interiore longa, curvata, cum exteriore brevi postice connexa; carina valde abbreviata. Elytra thorace vix latiora, planiuscula, apice attenuato-rotundata, humeris satis dis- tinctis, basi leviter impressa; tenuiter striato-punctata, striis versus apicem et ad latera obsoletis, 7mn e t 8va fere obliterans ■ interstitiis planis ; 3i unipunctato. Antenna, palpi, pedesquo picei. 3. C O n S t r i C t a . Nigra nitida, thorace linea transversa antica; elytris profunde striatis, striis punctatis, punctoque impresso. Long. -5, lat. 17. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. F. constricta, Say ; Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc, Vol. III. Praecedente angustior et convexior. Mandibula striatic. Caput in mare majusculum, in fcemina mediocre, linea trans- versa tenui, impressionibus frontalibus rectis, profundis, lineari- Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Colcoptera. 345 bus. Thorax capite maris vix sesqui latior, ferninae fere duplo latior, latitudine paulo brevior, antice vix emarginatus, lateri- bus magis rotundatis, postice subito magis coarctatus, latitu- dine basali apicalis dimidium vix aequante ; disco convexiusculus, transverse leviter rugosus ; impressione transversa anteriore linea valde profunda, medio obtuse leviter angulata, posteriore valde impressa, linea longitudinali forti, antice abbreviata, basalibus omnino sicut in F. substriata. Elytra thorace vix latiora, lati- tudine sesqui longiora, humeris rotundatis, satis distinctis, apice attenuato-rotundata, basi vix impressa ; profunde striata, striis distincte punctatis, versus apicem minus piofundis ; interstitiis subplanis, 3io unipunctato. Palpi, antennae, pedesque picei. 4 *Ovipennis. Longiuscula, postice subattenuata, nigra ni- tida; thorace linea antica tenui distincta, lateribus minus rotundato, postice valde coarctato ; elytris profunde striatis, striis obsolete punctatis, punctoque impresso. Long. -53, lat. -175. Habitat etiam ad Rocky Mountains. Prsecedente angustior : nigra, nitida. Mandibula striata:. Caput majusculum, linea transversa tenui, impressionibus fron- talibus rectis, profundis. Thorax latitudine paulo brevior, cor- datus, antice vix emarginatus, lateribus paulo minus rotundatis, postice valde retractis, paulo minus subito sinuatis ; disco con- vexus, transverse leviter rugosus, impressione transversa anteri- ore nulla, vel vix conspicua, linea arcuata tenui, margini approxi- mate profunda; posteriore profundissima, linea longitudinali antice abbreviata, valde profunda, basalibus profundis, stria inte- rior longiore, postice cum exteriore arcuatim connexa. Elytra ovalia.latitudine plus sesqui longiora, thorace non latiora, versus apicem subattenuata, humeris modice distinctis, basi vix impres- sa ; profunde striata, striis versus apiceirfminus impressis, in mare punctatis, in femina fere laevibus, insterstitiis subplanis, tertio unipunctato ; antennae, palpi, et pedes picei. 5 *incisa. Longiuscula, nigra nitida, postice subattenuata; 346 Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Colcoptcra. thorace linea tcnui antica, bad impunctato, striis brc- vioribus: elytris humeri* fere nullis, basl profunde imprcssis, profunde striatis, intcrstitio 3i<» bipunctato. Long. -51, lat. -16. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Pnecedenti simillima, nigra nitida. Caput subelongaturn, linea transversa profunda, impressionibus frontalibus rectis, pro- fundi. Mandibular glabrae. Thorax forma omnino sicut in F. ovipenni, linea antica tenui aicuata, margini approximata, impres- sione transversa postcriore valde profunda, linea longitudinali ten- ui.profunda.antico paulo abbreviata, basalibus profundis, tevibus, fovea oblonga.parva, profunda, striaque brevi externa notatis, cari- na brcvi acuta. Elytra elongaio-ovalia, latitudinc thoracem vix aequantia, thorace duplo longiora, apice rotundato-attenuata, basi profunde imprcssa ; tenue profunde striata, striis versus basin in- conspicue punctatis.interstitiis leviter convexis, 3io punctis duo- bus ; pedes picei. Vaiiat intorstitio 3i„ sinistra unipunctato. 6. *lixa. Picea nitida, thorace postice valde constricto, lateri- bus breviter sinuatis, basi distinctc. biimprcsso, obso- lete punctata, chjtris profunde striatis, striis punc- tatis; abdomine pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -4, lat. •16. Habitat cum prnccodennbus. Praeccdente latior, picea, nitida. Mandibulce glabne. Caput lrevc, impressionibus rectis, profundis, linea transversa minus impressa. Thorax capite fere duplo latior, latitudinc fere sesqui brevior, lateribus latius rotundatis, postice brevius sinuatis, valde retractis : disco minus convexus ; impressione transversa anteri- ore vix conspicua, linea arcuata tetiuissima, margini approxi- mata, postcriore valde profunda, linea longitudinali profunda, antice paulo abbreviata, basalibus valde profundis, obsolete punctatis, distincto bistriatis, striis postice subconnexis ; carina brevissima, acuta. Elytra thorace vix latiora, ovalia, humeris valde rotundatis, apico rotundata, levissime sinuata, basi pro- funde impressa; striis tenuibus at profundis, punctatis; inter- Btitiis planis, tertio unipunctato ; subtus rufo-picea, antennis pal- pis, pedibusque dilutioribus. Catalogue of tlie Oeodephagous Colcoptcra. 347 7. *abdominalis. Picca, vel nigro picca, nilida, abdomine pedibusque dilutioribus ; thorace linea transversa an- tiea nulla : elytris profunde striatis, striaque rudi- mentali brevi. Long. -4, lat. -1G. Habitat cum pri- ori bus. Preecedentem maxime refert. Picca nitida. Caput fere idem, linea transversa paulo profundiore. Mandibular, glabra?. Tho- rax paulo angustior, postice minus retractus, lateribus paulo minus rotundatis; linea transversa anticafere nulla, impressione transversa anteriore obsoleta, posteriore piofunda, linea longitu- dinali tenui, fore integra, basalibus paulo minus profundis, stria interiore longa, at minus impressa, postice cum exteriore arcua- tim connexa. Elytra minus ovalia, humeris satis distinctis, postice rotundata, lcviter sinuata ; profunde striata, striis vix conspicue punctatis, rudimentali brevi, distincta, inter Imam e t 2udam s ita ; interstitiis modice convexis, 3'° unipunctato. Nota. — Species prascedcntes summa affinitate connexa sunt, et aegre dignoscendas. 8. * C O r a X . Deprcssiuscula, nigra, nitida, thorace lateribus valdc rotundatis, postice brcvius sinuatis, impressione anteriore angulata ; elytris profunde striatis, striis leviter punctatis, rudimentali brevi, punctoque inqtres- so, interstitio 7mo oa si elevato. Loirn-. -61, lat. -22. Habitat etiam ad Rocky Mountains. Nigra nitida, depressiuscula ; mandibular obsolete striatee. Ca- put linea transversa obsoleta, impressionibus frontalibus profun- dis, brevibus, oculis prominulis. Thorax capite vix scsqui latior, latitudine paulo brevior, antice emarginatus, angulis anticis sub acutis, lateribus valde rotundatis, postice brevius sinuatis, coarc- tatus, angulis posticis accurate rectis; disco minus convexus, margine tenui reflexo-, quam in praacedentibus paulo latiore; linea antica transversa leimissima, murgini valde approximata, impressione transversa anteriore angulata, distincta, posteriore minus profunda, linea longitudinali profunda, integra, basalibus profundis, profunde bistriatis, striis longis, subujqualibus. Elytru 348 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. thorace vix latiora, latitudine sesqui longiora, basi levissime an- gustata, humeris distinctis, apice rotundata, leviter sinuata, pla- niuscula; profunde striata, striis leviter punctatis, postice minus profundis, interstitiis versus basin convexis, 7'»° convexiore basi paulo elevato, 3'o unipunctato, stria rudimentali distincta, brevi, inter Imam e t 2'idam sita. § 3. Thorace quadrato-subcordato, tenuiter marginato, lateribus rotundatis, postice valde retractis, brevissime sinuatis, angu- lis posticis rectis, minime rotundatis, basi leviter emargi- nato, utrinque bistriato, breviterque carinato; elytris stria rudimentali brevi, nonnunquam confusa, cum prima juncta, interstitio 3'o unipunctato. PTEROSTICHUS. Bonelli. 1. O r b a t a . Nigra nitida, thorace leviter cordato, basi utrinque bistriato carinatoque ; elytris striato-punctatis pone basin dilatatis, punctoque impresso, interstitiis levissi- me convexis. Long. 685, lat. "26. Habitat in Geor- gia. Feronia orbata. Newman, Ent. Mag. Vol. V. Nigra, nitida. Mandibular striate. Caput lseve, impressioni bus frontalibus linearibus, parallelis, brevibus, profundis ; linea transversa tenuissiraa ; oculis parvis, modice prominulis. Tho- rax capite paulo latior, latitudine summa vix brevior, leviter cor datus, tenuiter marginatus, antice leviter emarginatus, angulia anticis acutiusculis, rotundatis ; lateribus modice rotundatis, pone medium valde retractis, prope angulos posticos rectos bre viter sinuatis, basi leviter emarginatus ; disco minus convexus ; impressionibus transversis distinctis, anteriore valde angulata, linea longitudinali tenui, fero integra, basalibus valde profundis, obsolete rugosis, bistriatis, stria interiore paulo longiora, postice cum exteriore indistincte connexa ; carina valde distincta. Ely- tra connata, basi thorace paulo angustiora, pone basin sensim dilatata, pone medium rotundata, ad apiccm leviter sinuata ; an- Catalogs of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 349 tice planiuscula, postice convexa, striatopuictata, striis exteme et postice levioribus, interstitiis leviter convexis, 3io puncto im- presso ; stria rudimentali valde abbreviata. 2. sodalis. Nigra nitida, thorace cordato, basi utrinque bistriato, carinatoquc, clytris striato-punctatis , inter stitiis plants punctoque impresso. Long. -685, lat. -255. Habitat in Pennsylvania rarius. Preecedenti proxima, thorace tamen lateribus magis rotundatis, elytrisque minus profunde striatis, interBtitiis planis distincta. Nigra, nitida. Mandibular striata;. Caput sicut in F. orbata. Thorax capite latior, latitudine minima paulo brevior, tenuiter marginatus, antice minus emarginatus, angulis anticis magis ro- tundatis, lateribus multo magis rotundatis, pone medium magis retractis, prope basin breviter minusque sinuatis, angulis posti- cis rectis, minus prominulis, basi leviter emarginatus; disco modice convexus ; impressione transversa anteriore vix distinc- ta, posteriore satis notata, linea longitudinali tenui, profunda, integra, basalibus valde profundis, obsolete rugosis, bistriatis, stria interiore paulo longiore, tuberculo parvo externo ad basin, postice cum exteriore magis distincte arcuatim connexa; carina valde distincta. Elytra connata, thorace plus duplo longi- ora, basi non latiora, pone basin leviter dilatata, postice rotunda- ta, vix sinuata : planiuscula, tenuiter k striato-punctata, striis ex- teme et postice levioribus, interstitiis planis, 3'<> puncto impresso f stria rudimentali longiuscula. 3. *vagans. Angustior, nigra nitida; thorace lateribus rotun- datis, postice retractis vix sinuatis, basi impunctato, elytris prqfundius striatis, interstitiis planissimis. Long. '6, lat. -21. Habitat in provinces occidentali- bus. F. orbata angustior, depressior, nigra, nitida. Caput impres- sionibus frontalibus brevibus, valde profundis, linea transversa obsolelissima. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine paulo brevior, subquadi atus, vix cordatus, antice leviter emarginatus, lateribus modice rotundatis, postice retractis, obtuse sinuatis, 350 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. angulis posticis obtusis, lcviter rotundatis; linea arcuata plici- formi obsolete, margini anterior! approximata, impressione trans- versa anteriore indistincta, posteriore satis profunda, basalibus rotundatis, profundis, impunctatis, bistriatis, striis postice arcua- tim connexis. Elytra thorace non latiora, planiuscula, ovalia, latitudine fere duplo longiora, humeris satis distinctis ; opacius- cula, profunde striata striis impunctatis versus apicem minus impressis, interstitiis accurate planis, 7mo propo basin levissime elevato. Optime facit transitionem ad § 4, haec species. % 4. Thorace subquadrato, postice leviter retracto, lateribus ro- tundatis, margini tenui reflexo, versus basin paulo latiore, basi utrinque striato, carinaque externa munito. t Elytris leviter striato-punctatis, stria abbreviata rudimentali vix conspicua, inter Imam e t 2»dam s ita; interstitio 3'o unipuncta- to : habitus ovalis, subelongatus, crassiusculus. 1. h e r O S. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. III. atnericana. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinces austra- libus, et in Texas : a Dom. Dr. Engclman benevolo data. 2. S i gi 1 1 at a. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. vidua. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinces mediis rarius. 3. Seximpi'CSSa. Nigra, opacimcula, thorace subquadrato, lateribus magis rotundalo, basi utrinque triimpresso, elytris planiusculis . Long. -62, lat. -22. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains, prope Long's Peak. Nigra, vix nitida; palpi picei : mandibula glabra . Caput lat- itudine sesqui longius.loeve, impressionibus frontalibus rectis, pro- fundis, linea transversa tenui, levi ; oculis parvis prominulis. Thorax SubquadratUS, autice posticeque truncatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, postico levissime retractus, angulis posticis leviter obtusis, apicc rotundatis; margine tenui reflexo; disco leviter convexus ; impressione transversa anteriore valde profunda, lin- Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptera. 351 oari, arcuata, alteraque ci approximata et parallela indistincta, posteriore profunda, cum basalibus profuudis confusa, linea lon- gitudinal! profunda, utrinque paulo abbreviata; basi utrinque tristririata, stria interna brevi obliqua, intermedia longiore, pos- tice curvata, et cum externa brevi arcuatim obsolete conjuncta, carina basali brevissima. Elytra tborace non latiora, antice fere recte truncata, postice leviter sinuata, striis profunde punctatis, interstitiis planis. tt Elytris profunde striatis, stria prima basi obliqua ; stria abbrevi- ata inter Imam e t 2»dam gifa, longiuscula ; interstitio 3'" bi- punctato : babitus subelongatus, gracilior. 4. Stygica. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II, et Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat ubique ; ad speciem banc referenda est F. rugicollis Haldeman Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I, specimen thorace rugulis transversis distinctis obtecto, sed non aliter diversum. 5. COracina. Newman. Ent. Mag. Abundat ad Niagaram, et in provincial Ohio parte septentrionali. §5. Thorace subquadrato, tenuissime marginato, elytris angus- tiore, postice retracto, angulis posticis obtusis, minime ro- tundatis, dente minutissimo nonnunquam armatis.basi utrin- que unistriato, carina nulla: elytris profunde striatis, stria abbreviata inter Imam e t 2nJam longiuscula; interstitio 3'o bipunctato, vel impunctato. Habitus gracilis. 1. lachrymosa. Newman loc. cit. Habitat in provinciis australibus. 2. inter fee tor. Newman ibid. Habitat NovEboraci ra- rius. 3. a d O X a. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. tristis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique. 4. fastidita. Dej. ibid. Habitat ubique rarius. § 6. Thonace postice valde retracto, lateribus vix rotundato, angu- 352 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. lis posticis obtusis, rotund atis, margine reflexo, versus basin paulo latiore ; basi truncate, utrinque late profundeque imj)resso, estriato ; elytris thoruce Tion latioribus, profundo striatis, stria abbreviata profunda, cum prima adjuncta, interstitio 3i° quadripunctato. Habitus gracilis. 1. m O e S t a. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. SUpercillOSa. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol III. relict a. Newman Ent. Mag. Habitat in Pennsylvania, et ad Novum Aurelianum. Variat interstitio altero tripunctato. §7. Thorace lateribus valde rotund atis, postice retractis, leviter sinuatis, angiitis posticis in (1) rectis, in (2) obtusis, basi le- viter emarginato, utrinque unistriato; elytris apice sinuato rotundatis, striis externis fere obsoletis, stria abbreviata fere nulla, inter Imam e t 2")dam situ ; interstitio 3'° unipunctato. Habitus elongatiusculus. 1. uni color. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol.11. Habitat in Georgia ad montes, a Dom. Ludovico LeConte lecta. 2. Brevoovt'l. Su7jconvcza, ?iigra nilida, thorace postice valde retracto; angulis obtusis hvilcr rotundatis, basi brrvitcr, profundequc imp/esso ; elytris jtnifundc stri- atis, striis leviter punctatis, externis minus ifnpressis. Long. -63, lat. -23. Habitat in Alabama : a Dom. Haldeman amice data. In bonore Jac. C. Brevoort, viri non solum liberalitate sum- ma, humanitatequu lepida, sed etiam ingenio acuto, doctrinaque accurata; entomologist necnon cultoris seduli. Habitus subconvexus, Steropi fere cujusdam, nigra, nitida. Caput impiessionibusfrontalibus linearibus, valde obliquis, rectis, profu'ridis, linea transversa tenui, distincta. Thorax antice capito plus duplo latior, postice non latior, antice leviter emarginatus, Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Cohoptera. 353 lateribus valde rotundatis, postice obsolete sinuatis, angulis poa- ticis obtusis, apice paulo rotundatis ; transverse leviter rugosus ; impressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea longiludinali profun- da, utrinque paulo abbrevinta; basalibus oblongis parvis profun- dis. Elytra tliorace non latiora, subovalia, latitudine sesqui lon- giora, apice profunde sinualo-rotundata, profundo striata, striis obsolete punctatis, externis minus imprcssis, 7nia e t 8va fere ob- literatis ; interstitiis leviter convexis. Variat impressionibus thoracis transversis satis distinctis. § 8. Thorace rotundato-quadrato, lateribus rotundatis, postice re- traces, angulis obtusis, valde rotundatis basi emarginato, utrinque breviter unistriato ; elytris oblongis, apice rotun- datis, leviter sinuatis, profunde striatis, striis externis oblite- rans; stria abbreviata punctiformi, inter lmuui e t 2"dam s ita, interstitio 3'o tripunctato. 1. obscura. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. Habitat NovEboraci rarissime. STEROPUS. Meg. Antennas breviusculce, articulo 3>o sequentibus paulo longiore ; 2ndo duplo fere breviore : mentum dente lato, breviusculo, apice non impresso, late sed acute emarginato : palpi articulo ultimo levissime triangulari, apice valde truncato. Thorax postice valde angustatus, subrotundatus, angulis posticis obtusissimis rotundatis, basi emarginato, utrinque foveolato ; elytra ovalia thorace paulo latiora, apice valde rotundata leviter sinuata ; stria rudimentali punctiformi, inter Imam e t 2"dam s ita; intersti- tio 3'° unipunctato. 1. faber. Germ. Ins. Nova (Molops.) tenebricOSUS. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Feronia.) spoliatus. Newman. Ent. Mag. (Feronia.) Habitat in provinciis australibus. 354 Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Colcoptcra BROSCUS 1 Panzer. CEPHALOTES? Bonelli. Antennae breviusculae Bubmoniliformes, leviter compresses; articulo 4to leviter clavato, quam tertio paulo breviore, sequenti- bus eequante ; palpi crassiusculi, articulo ultimo leviter ovali, apice minus subito truncate, leviter rotundato ; labiales articulo ultimo levissimc triangulari. Mentum dente longo, obtuso, non emarginato, apice profunda impresso. Thorax et elytra fere sicut in Steropo. Habitus Steropo convexior, capite majusculo, latitudinc thoracem fero eequante. A Broscis Europseis differt, habitu minore et latiore, mandibulis paulo minus elongatis. 1. obsolctus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. Habitat in Alabama, a Dom. Hakleman amice datus : thorace elytris paulo angustiore, impressione anteriore nulla dignoscitur : striisque clytrorum puuetatis, profundi- oribus. 2. # appi'OximatUS. Piccus nilidus, thorace elytris non an- gustiore, linea antica transversa profunda, margini valde approximate, linea longitudinali tenui vix dis- tincta, impressione transversa posteriore distincta ; elytris striato-punctatis, striis extcrnis obliterans, punctoque impresso ; ahdomine pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -4, lat. -15. Habitat in Pennsylvania rarius, a Dom. Mclshcimer benevole datus. Prascedcnte robuatior, et notis thoracicis facile dignoscendus. 3. *la G vi p C nil is. Angustiushdus, nigro-piccus, nitidissimus. thorace transversim leviter rugoso, antice 2>osticeque transverse impresso, linea longitudinali satis profun- da ; elytris vix striatis, fere lavissimis, puncto unico magno impresso ; ahdomine pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. - 35, lat. '13. Habitat in Georgia, a Dom. Ludovico LeConte lectus. PitCcedente angustior, thorace postice magis retracto, elytris non angustiore ; elytris inagis elongatis, postice leviter attenua- tis obsolotissimis. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 355 4. m O r i O . Dej. Sp. Gen. Ab omnibus precedent!!...* .lilTert impreseione transversa thoracis anteribre valde pro- funda, margininon approximata, medio obtuu. angu- lata ; linea longitudinali tenuissima ; elytris apico leviter attenuatis, nunc laevissimis, nunc obsolete striato-punctatis ; puncto magno impresso. Habitus robustior. Habitat in Georgia rarius. MYAS. Ziegler. 1-COraci /1US. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. [I. (Fe- onia.) Ctfanescens. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis medus ; fcemina mari paulo convexior, et Iniior. 2. *foveatUS. Niger, obscure violaceus ; thorace marginibus non depressis, basi utrinquc profundi- bifoveato foveis t.oeuntibus, elytris profunde striatis, striis lavibus. Long. -63, lat. 24. Habitat NovEboraci rarissflnej amiciti<« Dom. Ed. Willcox debitus. Praecedente paulo angustior et convexior; niger nitidus, elytris obsolete violaceo-micantibus. Caput impressionibus valde p,o- fundis, oculis parvis, valde exstantibus. Thorax capiio cum. oculis duplo latior. antice vix emarginatus, anguli. anticis deflexis, vix conspicuis, lateribus modice rotundatu.s. postice levissime retractus, basi leviter emarginato, angulis posticis fere rectis, non rotundatis ; disco convexiusculus, tenuissimo margina- tum, margine nullo depresso : impressionibus tranevereia nullis, linea longitudinali postice abbreviata profunda; basalibua utrinque duabus, valde profundis, foveohformibus. coewitibus, obsolete rugosis; interiore longiore, stria postice abbreviate cum linea transversal! brevi interne tendente angulum rectus formante. Elytra thorace non latiora, parallela, apico rotuudata, leviter sinuata; modice convexa, profunde striata, striis hcv : s- simis, striaque abbreviata inter l'nam et gndam c li st iucta. A M. coracino thorace ad latera non depreBSO, impressionibus 356 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptcra. basalibus magis profundis, coeuntibus, stria interna abbreviata, posticeque anguluta ; necnon forma angustiore, striisque impunc- tatis valde distinctus. STOMIS. Clairville. I. americanilS. Laporte, Etudes Ent. pusillus. Harris Cat. (Platynus.) Elongatus, piceus, nitidus, jmbescens : capite tliora- cequc nigris, hoc elongato-cordato, angulis posticis rectis, divergentibus ; elytris profunde striatis, striis obsolete punctatis. Long. -25, lat. '08. Habitat in provincia Vermont : a Dom. Harris benevole datus. Habitus fere Stomis pumicati Europae. Elongatus, nitidus, pubescens. Caput magnum, antice acutum, pone oculos sensim retractum, transverseque constrictum, nigrum, laeve ; impressio- nibus frontalibus longis, profundisque. Antenna, palpique rufi. Thorax capite non latior, latitudine sesqui longior, cordatus, postice retractus, antice posticeque truncatus, angulis anticis valde rotundatis, posticis rectis subdivergentibus ; niger, disco convexus, tenuissime marginatus, antice posticeque sparse punc- tatus ; impressionibus transversis indistinctis, posteriore profun- diore, linea longitudinali integra, basalibus linearibus prtelongis, extrorsum leviter curvatis. Elytra thoracis basi duplo latiora, postice rotundata, non sinuata, rufo-picea ; profunde striata, striis obsolete punctatis, interstitiis valde convexis. Subtus piceus, postpectus grosso sparse punctatum. Pedes run. ISOPLEURUS. Kirby. Ad hoc genus insecta tria retuli, quae a Bradyto differunt, palpis labialibus apice fere acutis, maxillaribus quam in Bradyto minus truncatis : mentum medio dentatum est, dento parvo, brevi, integro. Omnino cum descriptione Kirbyana congruunt. Cum Isopleuro nitido (K.) descripta est (F. B. A. Vol. IV, p. 50.) species secunda (I. MacLeayi) quae plane ad genus Seleno- phorum (Dej.) pertinet. Nam mentum edentatum est, elytra Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptera. 357 versus marginem pubescentia, seriebusque tribua punctorum impressa : characteres qui in Selenophoro solo inveniuntur. In specimina omnia mea tibia* antic* calcaribus duobus termi- nahbus .nstrucfce sunt; quorum unum parvum est, altero duplo brevms. I„ Bradyto spina haec eecunda rudimentalis est, et vix conspicua. In $ articuli tarsorum anticorum tres dilatati sunt : imu„ i ati . tudine paulo longior, triangularis, antice leviter emarginatus • 2 nd us> 3iuS(]UC) longitudine pau]o lat . oreS( ti . angu]ares> anis, pe.dlbusque ferrugincis. Long. -38, lat. -185. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Prsecedente angustior, et minus obesa, elytris postice non dilatatis. Elliptica, eonvexa, nigra, pernitida. Caput, laeve, punctis 2 solitis ad oculorum margin em ; impressionibus frontalibus bre- vibus, rectis. Antenna: obscuras, basi rufae ; palpi t ufi, oculi vix prominuli. Thorax capite plus duplo lalior, latitudine duplo brevior, apice emarginatua, antice angustatus, angulis anticis valde deflexis, rotundatis, lateribus rotundatus, basi truncatus, 360 Catalogue of the Gcodpehagous Coleoptera. angulis posticis rectis : disco ronvexus, basi depressus, puncta- tusque, margine versus angulos posticos levissime explanato ; impressione transversa anteriore parum distincta, posteriore recta, profunda, linea longitudinali integra, basalibus prof'undis, cum impressione transversa confusis, elevatione parva inter impressiotiem et marginem Iateralem. Elytra parallels, tliorace non latiora, apice paulo sinuata, profunde striato-punctata, inter- stitiis parum convexis, stria rudimentali longa. Pedes obscure ferruginei. CELIA. Zim. 1- insequallS. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem minus frequens. Exacte cum A. inter- stitali (Dej. Sp.Gen.) quadrat, sed interstitia elytralia inaequalia non mcminit 111. Com. Dejean. In speci- miuibus meis, interstitium 3 ium 5 tuln et 7 mum paulo elevata sunt. 2. s p 1 e n d i d a . Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. Elytra sicut in prascedento ina?qualia sunt, sed interstitiis alter- natim minus elevatis. Habitat in provinciis mediis minus frequens. a. aurichalcea. /9. aureo-viridis. y. aureo-coerulea. In Mns. Dom. Melsbeimer. 3. *gibba. Obesa, convexa; nigro-anea nitida, tliorace antice vix angustato, lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis obtusis non rotund atis ; impressionibus basalihus dua- bus, punctatis ; rlytris tenniter striatit, interstitiis planis ; antcnnis paljris , tibiis tarsisquervfis. Long. •3, lat. -15. Specimen unicum ad Lacum Superiorem inveni. Obesa, convexa, Percosiam fere simulans : nigro-a?nea nitida. Caput obtusum, laeve, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus. An- tenna, palpit\ue run ; oculi prominuli. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine plus sesqui brevior, apice vix emarginatus, Catalogue of the Geodophagous Coleoptera. 361 antice parum angustatus, angulis anticis deflexis ; lateribus rotundatus, basi recte truncatus, angulis posticis leviter obtusis non rotundatis ; impressionibus transversis distinctis, posterior© profundiore, recta ; linea longitudinali integra ; basalibus iitrinqiio duabus, brevibus, triangularibus, punctatis. Elytra striata, striis postice non profundioribus ; rudimentali longa ; interstitiis planis. Subtus nigra nitida, tibiis tarsisque saturate rufis. Genus hocce ab Amara tibiis posticis $ intus simplicibus differt. AMARA. Lat. § 1. Antennae articulis duobtis ferrugineis. 1. punctulata. Dej. Sp. Gen. lit t OV (ill S. Escb. Specimen unicum ad Rocky Moun- tains inventum, ornnino congruit cum altero ab 111. Dom. Klug misso, et a Dom. Willcox amice dato. 2. * C O 11 f U S (I. ElUptica, subconvexa, cenea nitida, tlwrace an- tice angustato, lateribus parum rotundato, impressio- nibus omnibus fere obsoletis; elytris striatis, interstitiis fere planis ; antennarum articulis 2 rvfis, pa/pis pedibusque nigris. Long. '32, lat. '155. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Ad speciem banc referenda est A., vulgaris, (Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. ;) articulus 2 1 " 1 " 8 antennarum colore variat et intcrdura obscure rufus, fere piceua videtur. A. patruelis (Dej. Sp. Gen.) esse videretur, nisi tborax basi impunctatus abbori'uit. Habitus fere A. impuncticollis (Say.) at paulo couvexior. jEnea vel nigro-aenea, nitida. Caput, antice subacut m, keve' oculis majusculis ; impressionibus frontalibus fere nullis. Palpi nigri. Antennm nigro-piceas, articulis 2 rufis. Thorax capito duplo latior, latitudine fore duplo brev or, apice einarginatus, angulis anticis dellcxis, acutis, antice angustatus, lateribus paulo rotundatus, basi fere recto truncatus, angulis posticis acutius- culis ; impressionibus transversis parum distinctis, linea longitu- 362 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptera. din 'I' tenuissima ; basalibus duabus, obsoletis, exteriore obliqua j>iin .'.I evidentiore. Elytra apice parum sinuata, striata, striis postii e paulo prufundioribus, interstitiis vix convexis, fere plants, Btiin iiidimentali longa. Subtus nigrn-a?nea, pedibus nigris. § 2. Antennae articulis 3 rufis. 3. in. |. iinciicoll is. Say.Trans.Am.PI1il.S0c.V0l.il. N.S. / rivtalis. teste Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat ubique. 4. eomiHUnis. Fabr, teste Dej. Sp. Qen. Habitat cum priore. Prsecedente paulo convexior ; thorace paulo minus lateribus roin. lato, angulis posticis minus acuti.s, impressionibus basalibus m:i<;iN indistinctis, palpis basi ferrugiueis, tibiis tarsisque magis biunneis aegre dignoscendus. 5. * tl I f f i C i 1 i S. Nigra, vix asnea, thorace antice angustato, lateribus modicc rotundato, angulis posticis rectis, margine non vxplanato, impressionibus basalibus vix distinctis ; elytris tenuitcr striatis, interstitiis planis ; pedibus, palpisque apice nigro-piceis. Long. "35, lat. -16. Habitat in Territorio Missonriensi. Prsecedentes duas valde refert, at paulo convexior, et tboracis mm- -lie non explanato distincta videtur. Nigra, vix aenea. Caput laeve. Antenna rufo-obscurae, art. 3 basalibus pallidibribus, palpi ferruginei, articulo ultimo nigro- pi< e<>. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine fere duplo brevior, apice profunde emargitiatus, angulis anticis deflexis acutis, Botice angustatus, lateribus paulo rotuudatus, basi fere recte tin matus, angulis posticis rectis: disco parum convexus, mar- gins non explanato; impressionibus transversis vix distinctis, linea longitudinal utrinque abbreviate, basalibus valde indis- tini is, exteriore omnino oblilerata. Elytra postice paulo sinu- ata, tenuiter striata, striis postice profundioribus, interstitiis oniiiino planis, stria rudimcntali vix distincta. Pedes nigro picci. 6. *i;illax. JEnea sulmitida ; thorace antice angustato, impres- sione transversa anteriore arcuata, lateribus paulo Catalogue of the Geodephagow Coleoptera. 363 rotundato, margine non explanato, impression i bus basalibus valde obsoletis ; elytris tenue-striatis, striis postice vix profundioribus, intcrstitiis omnino planis, palpis pedibvsque nigro-pkeis, tibiis tarsisque brun- neis. Long. -31, lat. -15. Specimen unicum ad Lacum Superiorem inventum. A. impuncticollem valde refert, at paulo angustior, et thorace longiore difl'erre videtur. iEnea subnitida. Caput obsolete rugulosum, impressionibus frontalibus parvis. Palpi toti picei. Antenna obseurae, articulis 3 rufo-testaceis. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice angustatus, apice profunde emarginatus, angulis anticis acutis, lateribus modice rotundatis, basi fere recte trun- catus, angulis posticis subacutis ; disco parum convexus, trans- verse leviter rugosus, antice obsolete striatum, versus angulos anticos irregulariter subrugosus, margine non explanato : im- pressionibus transveisis indisiinctis, anteriore arcuata, linea longitudinali tenuissima integra, basalibus indistinctis, exteriore omnino obliterata. Elytra apice paulo sinuata, tenuiter striata, striis postice vix profundioribus, iuterstitiis omnino planis, stria rudimentali brevi, distincta : serie punctorum submarginali me»»m f ere asquante ; ultimo ovali. Oculi rotundati, prominuli. Thorax elytris sesqui angustioi - , levii^r cordatus, antice leviter emarginatus, lateribus rotundatus, postice paulo re- tractus, basi recto truncatus. FJlytra antice recte truncata, lateribus parallela, postice rotun- data, leviter sinuata, convexa; stria rudimentali cum stria l n,a dorsali conjuncta. Scuteli.um triangulare. Pedes validi. Tim*; antica setis adspersae, ala terminali rotundata externa ; extus irregularitcr emarginatas, denticulatas ; inter- media selis spinulosis adspersae, extus irregulariter eerratae, epinis termiualibus binis acutis ; poiticce catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptcra. 373 setis spinulosis adspersae, spinis terminalibus brevi- bus, obtush:, spatulaeformibus. Tarsi articulis leviter triangularibus, decrescentibus, ultimo longiore; in $ non dilatati. Ungues graciles. Trochanteres postici crassi, femoribus duplo breviorce. 1. 1 O C T a 8 S a t U S . Dej. Sp. Gen. (Daptus.) Habitat in provinciifl mediis, in locis sabulosis, minus frcquens. AGONODERUS. Dej. 1. 1 i n e O 1 a. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. fu r cat US. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat ubiquo. 2. p a 1 1 i p e S . Fab. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat in provinciis aus- tralibus et occidentalibus. 3 d O r S a 1 i s . Sturm Cat. Habitat in provinciis meustatus, lateiibus oequaliter rotundatus ; angulis posticis obtueis, non Totundatis ; disco minus convexus, antice subtilius, postice dense punctatus : margine latiusculo depresso, punctato : impressio- nibus transversis fere nullis ; linea longitudinali integra ; basa- 380 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Cohoptera. libus latis, subprofundis : Elytra striata interstitiis convexis, oculo acute armato subtilissime sparse punctatis. 6. *striatllS. Niger nitidus, thorace quadrato, convexiusculo, lateribus rotundato, margine depresso tenui, angulis posticis rectis non rotundatis : elytris striatis, inter- stitiis convexis: antennarum articulo l m °, palpisque ferrugineis . Long. -56, lat. -2. Specimen unum ad Evansvillc, la. akerumque ad Rocky Mountains legi. Stafura fere praecedentis ; niger, nitidus ; Caput dubtilissime punctatum, imprepsionibus frontalibus brevibus profundisque; Sutura frontali profunda : labrum profundius emarginatum. Antenna; nigro-pice;r, articulo l mo ferrugineo; palpi ferruginei. Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice emarginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus magis rotunda- tus, postice leviter angustatus, basi recto truncatus, angulis pos- ticis rectis, non rotundatis ; disco convexiuscuius, antice sparse tonue punctato; margine tenuiore depresso, punctato; basi dense punctatus, punctis versus medium vix distinctis ; impres- siono transversa anteriore arcuata ; linea longitudinali integra, basalibus oblongis profundis. Elytra parallela, postice obtusa, parum sinuata; prof'unde striata; interstitiis convexis, impunc- tatis, 7 ,n0 ad apicem 3-punctato. Ab A. nigrita, palpis ferrugineis, tborace latiore, postice paulo minus retracto, margine depresso angustiore, impressione trans- versa non angulata, elytrorumque interstitiis impunctatis sepa- randus. 7. laticollis. Kirby, F. B. A. (Harpalus.) me I an opus. Hald. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. Habitat in provinciis mediis minus frequens. Thorax latitudine sesqui brevior, antice levissime angustatus, leviter emarginatus, angulis anticis deflexis, rotundatis ; basi recte truncatus, lateribus asqualiter rotundatus, angulis posticis parum obtusis, rotundatis ; disco parum convexus, antice subti- lissime punctatus ; margine depresso, subtiliter punctato ; im- Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptera. 381 pressionibus transversis indistinctis, linea longitudinali integra, basalibus latis non prof'undis, dense subtiliter punctatis, punctis versus medium nonnunquam extendeutibus. Elytra apice parum sinuata, stria 7 ma versus apicem punctis 2, vel 3 im- pressis. § 2. * Triplectrus : tibiae anticae calcare terminali trifido, lobis acutis : corpus ellipticum. 8. *rufipennis. Niger nitidus; thoracc quadrato, antice subangustato, lateribus late depresses, cum ban punc- tatis ; elytris rufo castanets, margtne infttscato, stria- tes, ititerstitiis subconvexis, tertio unipunctato, anten- narum articulo l m ° subtus, palporumque apice rvfis. Long. -53, lat. -2. Specimen unicum $ a Dom. Bre- voort prope Brooklyn, insuhe Longas NovEboraci inventum, et amicissime datum. Statura omnino sequentis, at tborace paulo convexiore, basi distinctius punctato. Niger nitidus ; caput obt'isum laeve.impressionibusfrontalibus punctiformibus, sutura frontali tenui ; antenna: nigro-piceae, arti- culo l mo subtus ferrugineo : palpi nigio-picei, articulo ultimo, penultimoquo apice rufis. Thorax capite du[)lo latior, antice paulo angustatus, emarginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateri- bus aequaliter rotuudatus ; basi recte truncatus, angulis posticis subrolundatis ; disco leviter convexus, antice subtilissime punc- tatus striatusque; margine valde depresso, versus basin cres- cente, cum basi distinctius punctato: impressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea longitudinal] tenui, integra, basalibus latis, rotun- datis, subduplicibus. Elytra tborace non latiora, apice lrviter sinuata, apice summo rotundato ; planinscula, rufo-castanea, nitida, versus marginem obscurata ; striata, intereiiiiis subcon- vexis, stria rudimentali pcrlonga rectaque : interstitio 3'° non- nunquam unipuiictato, 7 nla ad apicem punctis 4-G impressis. Pedes nigri, tarsis anticis piceis. 9. cai'bonarius. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. 382 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. luctuOSUS. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci. 10. *pinguis. Oval is crassus >■ thorace quadr.ato, an/ice an- gustato, ba.it leviter emarginato, mdrgine late, indis- tincteque depresso, cum ban medio obsolete punctato rugosoquc; impress/ nibus basalibus indistinctis sparse punctat's ; eli/tris interstitiis postic- subcon vexis, alter- natim ad apicem punctalis ; antcnnarum ba i pal- pisque apice rvfis. Long. - 55, lat. 22. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Sequenlibus simillimus at panlo convexior. Niger parnm nitidus. Caput, obtusum, irnpressionibus fionta- libus punctiformibus, profundis, sutura frontali tenui. distincta; palpi nigri apice sunimo rufo. Antenna nigro-piceae, arliculis 2 rufo-ferrugineis. Thorax capite plus duplo latior, lalitudino summa duplo fere brevior, antice angustatus, prof'unde emargi- natus, basi leviter emarginato, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateri- bus aequaliter rotundatus ampliatUHque, angulis posticis rectis ; disco paruni convexus, transverse leviter rugosus; margine veisus basiu crescente, depresso, obsolete rugose-punctato ; impressio- nibus transversis parum distinctis, anteriore paulo angulata, linealongiiudinali distincta tenui, utriuque valde abbreviata. basa- libus oblongis non profundis. punclis paucia notatis, basi medio irregulariter striatus, obsoleteque punctatus. Elytra tboraci arete conjuncta, postice subangustata, apice parum sinuata; Btriata ; interstitiis leviter convexis, 3'°, 5 to et 7 mo versus apicem aerie brevi punctorum ; seriesubmarginali medio non intorrupta, punctis autem minoribus. 11. *crasSUS. Oi'alis, crassus, niger, subnitidus : thorace an- tice angustato, lateribus i/idistincte depressis, posticcque subexplanatis, linea longitudinali antice ra/de abbrevi- ata, basalibus oblongis, fovea antica impressisj elytris striatis inttrstitiisfei c plants; postice alternatim punc- talis ; antcnnarum basi, pal /usque apice rvfis. Long. .47, lat. - 19. Habitat NovEboraci minus frequena. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 383 Sequcnlibus fcimiliimus. Ovalis, crassus, niger, subnitidus. Caput lap.ve, impreaaionibua front»libu8 parvis, vix distinctis, punctifurmibus, sutuia frontali tenuissitna. Antenna obscurae, basi rufue ; palpi apice summo nifi. Thorax capite plus duplo latior, latitudine fore duplo brevior, amice angustatus, valde emargiiiatus, angulis anticis rotuiidatis; basi leviter emarginatus, lateiibus aequalitor rotuudatus; disco minus coiivexus, margine j)ostice crescents late depresso, versus augulos posticos leviter ex|)lanato, pmictia paucis obsoletissimis notato: impressionibus transvcrsis feie uullis, tinea longitudiuali tenui, antice valde ab- breviata, busalibus oblongis, mod ice profundis, stria brevi antica notatis. Elytra thoraci arete conjuncta, postice subangustata, ad apicem leviter sinuatn , s'riata, ititerstitiis fere planis ; 3'°, 7"'" punctis 2 impressis; serie submar- ginali medio nun interrupts, puiictia subcequalibus. 12. *gravi(lllS. Ovalis, crassus. niger, parum nitidus ; iho race antice angustaln, lateribus late, indistincte de- pressis; lined longitadinali vix evidente, basalibus sub profundis, fovea antica impressis : elytris striatis interstitiis subconvexis, 3'" 5'" 1 mo que paulo clcvatis postice seriatim punctatis : antennarum basi rufo, Long. -52, hit. - 2. Habitat NovEboraei, minus fre- q uens. Pipecedenti simillimus, postice tamen paulo minus angustatus, tboraceque postice vix exphinato distinctus. Caput laave, im- pn-ssiouibus fronlalibiis punctifurmibus, profundis; sutura fron- tali distinria foveaque antica not atom. Palpi nigri, apice summorufo: antennarum articulis 2 rufis, reliquis nigro-piceis. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine fere duplo brevior, antice mag : s angustatus, emargiiiatus : angulis aiiticis paulo minus rotuiidatis : lateribus eequalitor rotundatus, ampliatusque, basi levissimo emiirgiuatus, angulis posiicis reclis, noil rotuiidatis; margine late, indistincteque depiesso, versus basin crescente ; impressione transversa anteriore nulla, posteriore recta, linea longitudiuali tenuissima, vix evidente, antice valde abbreviata, 384 Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptera. basalibus oblongis, modice profundis, striola antica notatis. Ely- tra thoraci arcte conjuncta, postice subangustata, ad apicem leviter sinuata ; striata, interstitiis subconvexis, 3'° 5 to que parum elevatis, dorso obsolete carinatis, 3'°, 5 to , 7 m °que postice seria- tim punctatis : serie submarginali medio non interrupta. 13. m e r U 1 a . Germ. Ins. Nov. (Harpalus.) Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis australibus. Tborace antice minus angustato, ad latera obsoletius depresso, elytris profundius striatis, interstitiis magis convexis, serieqvie punctorum submarginali valde interrupta distinguendus. 14. rusticus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. Habitat ubique. Praecedenti simillimus ; tborace tamen antice multo magis angustato, impressionibus basalibus paulo angustioribus, striola obsoleta, subobliqua impressis, serieque elytrorum submarginali non interrupta facile distinctus; interstitiis elytrorum nunc levi- ter convexis, nunc fere planis. • 15. * ellipticUS. Ellipticus, deprcssus ; niger nitidus, tho- race antice angustato, angulis posticis leviter rotun- datis, margine vix depresso, impressionibus basalibus indistinctissimis, angustis, sparse punctatis; elytris interstitiis fere planis, 3'° unipunctato, !>'", 7 mo que pos- tice punctatis ; palpis antennarumque anticulis 2 rujis. Long. -38, lat. -155. Habitat NoviAureliani, a Dom. Guex benevolo datus. Corpus Oodiforme. Dcpressus, ellipticus, niger, nitidus Caput loeve, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus profundis, sutu- ra frontali distincta. Antcnnm obscurae, articulis 2 rufis ; palpi rufi. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice angustatus, emarginatusque, basi leviter emarginatus ; angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus aequaliterrotundatus, angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis; margine obsoletissime depresso; impressio- nibus transversis nullis, linea longitudinali tenuissima, utrinque abbreviata, basalibus rectia, angustis, minime profundis, sparse Catalogue of the Geodophagous Coleoptera. 385 punctatis. Elytra thoraco non latiora, apice paulo sinuata ; pro- funda striata, interstitiis planis, 3'° ad trientem ab apico uni. punctato, 5 t0 ad apicem bipunctato, 7 mo punctis 5 vel 6 serie dispositis : serie submarginali medio paulo interrupta. Pedei nigri, tibiis anticis et intermediis rufo-piceis, tarsis nigro-piceis. § 3. * Aplocentrus ;t tibiae anticae calcare terminaii sim- plice ; palpis crassiusculis, articulo ultimo magis ovali. Cor- pus vel ellipticum, vel oblongum. 16. ceenus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II.: Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat NovEboraci minus froquens. a. Piceo-subcoeruleus : a Dom. Brevoort benevolo datus. 17. *subaeneus. Ellipticus, nigro-piceus, mtore coeruleo mi- cans ; thorace quadrato, antice angustato, latcribus rotundatis ; angulis posticis rectis, margine dcpresso, basalibus subprqfundis, punctatis; elytris slriatis, interstitiis 2>aulo convexis, 3'" unipunctato, antenna- rum basi, palpisquc rufis ; epipleuris, tibiis tarsisque rufo-jnceis. Long. '31, lat. -12. Habitat ad Brook- lyn NovEboraci, a Dom. Brevoort amice datus Ellipticus, nigro-piceus, nitore coeruleo irroratus. Caput lasve, impressionibus frontalibus fossulaeformibus, cumque sutura transversa distinctis. Mandibular piceae ; antenna fuscoe, arti- culis 3 rufis ; palpi rufi. Thorax capite plus duplo latior, lati- tudine plus sesqui brevior ; antice angustatus, emarginatusque, angulis anticis rotundatis ; lateribus rotundatus, basi truncatus. angulis posticis rectis; disco modice convoxus, margine depres- so, versus basin crescente, obsolete punctato, subpellucido ; basi toto subtilius dense punctato ; impressionibus transversis dis- tinctis, medio angulatis ; linea longitudinali tenui utrinque abbre- viata, profunda ; basalibus oblongis punctatis, profundis, a mar- gine discretis. Elytra ovalia, apico vix sinuata, margine picescentia, striata, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3'° postice uni- t ctn-Mioj — simplex. xivt{oh— spina. 386 Catalogue of the Geodtphagous Voleoptera. punctato : serie submarginali punctorum nor interrupia: epi- pleurae rufo-piceae. Pedes nigro-picei, tiluis tarsiaque rufo- piceis. Prrecedente convexior, forma ellipiica, non ovali, thorscelate- ribus magis rotundatis, impreesionibus profundioribus facile dis- tiuguendus. 18. * obsciirus. EUiptims convexiusculits, niger, parum nitidus : thorace quadrato, antice parum angvstato, lateribus modice rotundatis , pn.it ire suhfnrridato foveit obsolete punctatis ; elylris tcnue striatis, intci stilus paulo conncxis, 'i'° unipune.tata ; antenna mm basi, pedibusque rufis : pa/pis piceis. Long. '27. Inf. '11. Habitat in prnviucia Massachusetts, a Dom. Harris amice datua. EUiptictis, convexiusculus, uiger, parum nil iilns. Caput Isero, Palpi picei, antennas obscure, articulis 2 basalibua pallidiuribus. Thorax capite duplp latinr, latitudine summa seaqui lirevior, antice paulo angusiatus, leviler emarginatua, nnguha nnlicia rotundatis; lateribus leviler rolundiitus, liaai reele fere trunca.- tus, angulis puslicia rectis rotund. itia ; margine [>irosrente ; im- pressione transversa anteriore angulata disiinda; linen longitu- dinal] tenui, utrinque abbreviata, hasaliluta [tarvia oblnugts, punctis paucia obsoletis. Elytra apice ainuntaj tenne-M riata, interstitiia leviter convexia, 3'° nriipunctatu ; aerie punctoium submarginali non interrupt a. Pales nifi. 19. lcB tus. Dej. S|>. Gen. Habitat in provjueiis aualralihus. 20. 1 Ugubri«. Dej. Sp. Gen. (SeleiioplViiriis ) Specimina pluria ad cutaractam Nhguiee me'iise Muio • ■ inn; cT, articulo basali taraorum autienrum paiuin d.lal : i:n [lie subtus dense bieviter pilosis, papillis ordine him dlspu il uin Anisodactylis congruit : tilnis auticia calcar est aim li i- cile<]ue. Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptera. 387 EURYTRICHUS.t nov. gen. Corpus ovale, Calathum similans, alatum. Caput mediocre, antice subobtusum, oculis majusculis promi- nulis. Mandibulje incurvatae, apice rotundatse, Labrum quadratum, latitudine paulo brevius, arxnilis anticis rotund atifl. Mentum breve, modice concavum, prof'unde emarginatum, me- dio dente valido, obtusoque munitum ; angulis anticis subacutis. Maxilla, et Ligula invisas. Palpi tenuiusculi ; labiales articulis fequalibus, maxillares arti- culo 2 ndo longiore, crassioreque ; articulo ultimo praecedente paulo longiore ; levissimo ovali, apice paulo truncate Antenn.e Bubelongatas, filiformes, articulo 2 ndo reliquis duplo breviore ; reliquis asqualibus, l mo vix crassiore, ulti- mo apice rotundato. Thorax quadratus, antice paulo angustatus, postice truncatus. Elytra ovalia, apice vix sinuata. Scutellum parvum. Pedes mediocres ; tibiae sicut in Ilarpalo ; calcare tcrminali anticarum simplici. Tarsi $ antici sicut in Spongopus, articulo l mo paulo latiore ; $ intertnedii minus dilatati, articulo 1"'° subtus non pubescente, reliquis sicut in tarsis anticis ; postici articulis longitudine decrescentibus, ultimo praece- dentes duos tequaute. Ungues simplices. 1. t 6 r minatus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N. S. . Gen. Habitat in provinciis auatralibu8. A sequente, tborace ad basin marginemque snbtilius < onfertis- eime punctato, itnpressiombus baaalibus rotundii ribua profundi- oribusque, cum margine minus confluentibus, interstitiis elytrorum 4 l " et G l " punetatis, prsecipue versus basin ; corporaque toto sub- tus ferrugineo-flavo facile distinguendus. 2. bicolor. Fabr. Syst. Eleutb. j Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat ubique. 3. * c o m |> a r . Oblongu t, nigev, nit dus thorace subquadrato, marginal a. margine versus basin mm dilatato, angiitis posticis subobtusis, levit r explanatis, dentins subtiliter punctat '.-.• basal bits latis nun profundi* ; elytriastri- utix, ad apia m It viter sinuatis, antennis, pa/pis, man- dibularum Im^i, pedibusque ferrugineis. Lung. G-i — 50, lat. v I — .if). I! ibitat cutn priore. Ad banc speciem forte referendus est Harpalus liuinus Dej. Sp. Gen. j qui a specie Sayo descripta plane difrert. Vide Am. Phil. Trans. Vol. II. N. S Statura omnino piBJcedcntis, oblongus, niger nitidus. Caput leave, impressionibus truntalil us minutis punctiformibus, sutUTa fiontali distincta ; oculis mudice prominulia : mandibulee pices, basi ferrugineee. Antenna p«Z/«que ferruginei. Thorax latitu- dine paulo brevior, amice leviter emargiuatus, angulis ;mticis Bubdeflexis, laterioua u que ad mediun lice rotundaiia, dein recti.-., levissime retractisj basi truncatus, nonnunqu m levisaime epiarginatua, angulis posticis t btusi .levitei explanatis, late dense subtiliter punctati . disco subconvexus, tenuiter raarginatus, 396 Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptera. margine versus basin non dilatato; impressione transversa ante- riore indistincta, angustata, a margine remota, posteriore sub- recta, noiinun(]iiam obsoleta, linea longitudinal! antice abbre- viata, basalibus latis indistinctis, subtilius dense punctatis. Elytra thorace non latiora, parallela apice leviter sinuata ; stri- ata, interstitiis vix convexis ; exterioribus $ impunctatis, in 9 nonnumquam subtilissimo punctatis. Abdomen nonnunquam medio rufescente ; pedes ferruginei. A Harpalo bicolore impressionihus frnntalibus minoribus, tho- race tenuius marginato, basi subtilius densius punctato ; impres- sionibus minus prol'undis ; elytrorum interslitiis minus convexis, exterioribus vix punctatis, satis distinctus videtur. 4. erythropus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci. Praecedente aesqui minor, thorace ad basin minus subtiliter punctato, elytrisque postice mngis sinuatis distinctus. 5. faunus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol.11. N.S. I) a a i U S . Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinces mediis. A praecedenlibus thoracis laferibus fere rectis, parallolisque, versus basin levissime sinuatis distinctus. 6. *longicollis. Oblongus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitu- dinc non breviore, postice leviter angustato, tcnuiter marginato, basi dense punctato, late indist/ncteqnc tmpresso ; elytris striatis, interstitiis externis punc- tatis, antennis, palpis , pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. •55, lat. -19. Habitat NovEboraci minus frequens. Praecedentibus angustior, niger, nitidus. Caput ]edibusque jiavis ; thoracis margine, epipleurisquc rufo-piceis. Long. •36, lat. "13. Habitat ad fines Aquilones, provincias Maine : a Dom. Brevoort amice datus. Statura pru3ccdentium 4. Nigro-piceus, nitidus. Caput lasve : impressionibus frontalibus minutis ; sutura frontali vix conspi- cua: mandibular basi picea?» Antenna palpique ferrugineo- flavi. Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, subquadratus, antice leviter emarginatus, angulis anticis rotun- datis, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis : disco minus convexus, transversim rugosus, margine depresso rufo-piceo : impressione transversa anteriore arcuata, valde pro- funda, linea longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata, basalibus rotundatis, profundis, a margine depresso discretis. Elytra parallel,!, apice vix sinuata, striata, interstitiis vix convexis, 3'° postice unipunctato : cpipleurae rufo-piceaj. Pedes rufo-flavi. 18. * ventralis. Oblongo-ovalis, subdeprcssus, supra nigro- 2iiceus nitidus, subtus piccofci rugineus ; thorace quad- ralo, lateribus antice rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis, 400 Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptcra. impressionibus basalibus linearibus ; elytris tcnue. striatis, interstitiis plants, ore, an tennis, pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. '35, lat. "15. Habitat prope Long's Peak. Oblongo-ovalis, parallelus, subdepressus : supra nigra piceus. Caput lasve, sutura frontali distincta, impressionibus frontalibus minutis, ore, antennis, palpisque rufo-piceis. Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine non brevior, quadratus, autice vix emar- ginatus, lateribus antice rotundatis, postice subrectis, basi trun- catis, angulis posticis accurate rectis, obsolete explanatis : im- pressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea longitudinali tenui, basalibus linearibus, non profundis- Elytra apice leviter sinu- ata, striata, striis postice profundioribus, interstitiis planis. Sub- tus totus dilute rufo-piceus. «.. Paulo major, subtus niger, antennis, palpis, pedibusque rufo-piceus. Specimen unicurn cum prioribus lectum. 19. * e 1 1 i p S i S. Subdepressus, niger, $ nitidus, 9 nitidiuscula, thoracc quadrato, lateribus aqualiter 2>aulo rotunda- tis, basi truncato ; impressionibus basalibus rectis, brevibus, elytris striatis, interstitiis planiusculis ; an- tennis palpis, tarsisque rufis. Long. -30, lat. - 13. Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi. Habitus ellipticus, subdepressus Selenopbori cujusdum. Caput laeve, impressionibus frontalibus puncliformibus, sutura transversa, distincta. Antenna;, palpique ferruginei. Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine gumma paulo brevior, quadratus, antice leviter emarginatus, lateribus regulariter paulo rotundatis, basi obsolete emarginato, angulis posticis fere rectis, paulo rotun- datis ; impressionibus transversis fere nullis, antcriore angulata; linea longitudinali tenuissima utrinque abbreviata, basalibus rectis, brevibus, linearibus. Elytra tborace non latiora, apice paulo sinuata, striata, interstitiis planiusculis (in ? accurate planis) 3'° postice unipunctato. Pedes nigri, tarsis ferrugineis. u. Antennis articulis 2 basalibus rufis, reliquis fuscis ; tarsis nigro-piceis. Habitat cum priore, et in Louisiana. Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Colcoptera. 401 20. nitidlllus. Chaud. Ball, de la Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Moscou. 1841. El/ipticus, piceus, pernitidus, thorace quadrato, antice levilcr angustato, postice truncal//, angulis pos- ticis obtusiusculis ; impressionibus basalibus brevibus linearibus ; elytris profunde slriatis, inter stitiis leviter convexis, 3'° unipunctato, stria rudimentali brevi ; antennis, palpis, pedibusque ferrugineis : palpis apice non truncatis, fere acutis. Long. - 25, lat. -ll. Habitat in provinciis australibus et occidentatibus ; a Dom. Zimmerman sub nomine amaroidcs missus. 21. *varicorilis. Oblongo-ovalis, niger, nitidus, subdepres- sus, thorace quadrato, breviusculo, antice subangus- talo, angulis posticis recti*, leviter explanatis ; im~ pressionibns basalibus latis, non prqfundis, subtilius punctatis ; elytris tenue-striatis, iiiterstitiis leviter convexis, 3° unipunctato; antennis nigris, articulo l mo ferrugineo : palpis apice subacutis. Long. "35, lat. '15. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. Oblongo-ovalis, depressus, nigor nitidus. Caput ljeve, im- pressionibus frontalibus punctiformibus, sutura frontali tenui, vix distincta; palpi apice non truncati, subacuti ; antennce nigra?, articulo l mo ferrugineo. Thorax capitc duplo latior latiludine summa sesqui brevior, antice subangustatus, laterilms modice rotundatus, basi recte truncatus, angulis posticis rectis, non rotundatis, leviter explanatis; impressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea longitudinali antice abbreviata, tenuissima ; basa- libus latis brevibus, medio fere coeuntibus, ab angulis explana- tis discretis, non prqfundis, subtilissime sparse punctatis. Ely- tra apice paulo sinuata, tenue-striata, interstitiis leviter convexis, 3'° postice unipunctato : stria rudimentali longa. Pedes nigri. 22. nigerrimus. Dej. Sp. Gen. nivfita. Mels. MSS. Habitat in Pennsylvania, minus frcquens : a Dom. Melsbeimer benevolo datus, 402 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Cohoptera. 23. * r u f i in a u us. Oblong'us, niger nitidus, (9 elytris, opa- ciusculis,) thorace subquadrata, angulis posticis sub- obtusis, hotter explanatis, impressionibus basalibus profundi us cv lis, subtiliter punctatis i elytris striatis, ■i ft fasti fit's moil ice con vex is, 3'" post ire unipunclato ; antennis, palpis, tarsisque anticis ntfb-piceis. Long. •43, lat. - 17. Habitat ad Latum Superioretp. Crassiusculus, oblongus, niger nitidus. Caput Issve: impres- Bionibus frontalibus parvus, rotundatis, sutura transversa distinc- ta. Antenna), palpique rufo-picei, bi apico trnncati. Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine summa fere duplo brevier, qnad- ratus, antice posticcque truncal us, lateribus rotundatus, angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, leviter explanatis ; impressione trans- versa anteriore distincta, arcuata, linea longitudinal] antice ab- breviata, basalibus rotundatis, modice profundis, subtiliter dense punctatis. Elytra thorace non latiora, apice vix sinuata, in $ nitida, 9 opaciuscula, striata (profundius in $) interstitiis pnulo comexi.s, 3'° postice unipunctato, stria rudimentali longa, recta. Pedes nigri, tarsia anticis rufo-piccis; intermediis $ dilatatis, articulis (sicut in prsecedentibus) triangularibus. 24. * fun estllS, Crassiusculus, parallelus, niger nitidus; capite majusculo, thorace quadrato, lateribus rotun- diito, angulis posticis- accurmte rectis, I er iter explana- tis, impressionibus basalibus paruis, sparse punctatis; elytris s/riatis, interstitiis coMirxis, ?>'" unipunctato; antennis palpisque obscure piceis, his apice subacutis. Long. \'>0, lat. '21. Habitat prone Long's Peak: Rocky Mountains. Crassiusculus, parallelus, niger nitidus. Caput la&re, majuB- culum ; impressionibus frontalibus punctiformibus, eutura valde profunda; antenna palpique obscure pidei, hi apice subacuti. Thorax capite latior, latitud : ne summa duplo brevior, quadratus, lateribus antice modice rotundatis, angulis posticis accurate rectis, explanatis; disco subconvexus; impressione transversa Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 403 anteriore arcuata, indistincta.linealongitudinali tenuissima, antico abbreviata, basalibus parvis, brevibus, sparse punctatis. Elytra obtusiuscula, apice leviter sinuata, thorace plus duplo longiora, striata ; interstitiis modice convexis, 3'° postice unipunctato, stria rudimentali longa. Pedes nigri : tarsi intermedii $ parum dila- tati, subtus tamen papillis serie duplici (sicut in aliis) instructi. Ad genus sequens transitionem facit hasc species anomala. GEOB^GNUS. Dej. Mentum dentatum, dente longo, integro. Palpi apice acutiusculi, non truncati. Tarsi antici S valde dilatati, articulis subtriangularibus angulis rotundatis, penultimo sub-bilobato. intermedii $ non dilatati, vel parum dilatati, subtus papillis solids serie duplici instructi. Habitus oblongus, subdepressus plerisque, rare subcylindrico- elongatus, Agonoderum fere similans. Reliquis cum Harpalo congruit. Species sequentes cum descriptiono Dejeaniana (Sp. Gen. IV.) oxacte congruunt. Genus tamen proprium verisimiliter efformare debent. Nam MM. Audouin and Brulkl (Hist. Nat. des Ins. Tom. II. p. 447,) tarsos anticos S dilatatos, penicello denso, integro in Geobasno vestitos esse dicunt, (sicut in Aniso- dactylis.) Species tamen subtus laudatee ad Harpalinos voros referandas sunt : tarsis $ dilatatis serio duplici papiliarum pen- naeformium instructis. . autumnalis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N. S. (Feronia.) Habitat NovEboraci minus frequens. * arenarius. Depressus ) piceus,nitidtu: thorace postice subangustato, angulis posticis obtusis, non rotundatis, anguste cxplanatis, impressionibus basalibus linearibus profundis ; clytris striatis, interstitiis fere plants ; an- tennis, palpis, cpipleuris pedibusque pallide rufo-piceir. 404 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. Long. -23,lat. - 10. Habitat in provinciis orientalibusr a Dom. Harris, sub nomine Amaras arenariae benevole datus. Praecedentem valde refert : colore piceo (non nigro,) thorace postice impresso, angulis posticis prominulis, explanatis, impres- sionibus basalibus longioribus, stria rudimentali nulla, intersti- tiisque elytrorum minus convexis facile distinctus. Piceus nitidus. Caput majusculum, obtusum, impressionibus frontalibus vix conspicuis ; labrum latum, breve, emarginatum. Antenna palpique pallide rufo-picei. Thorax capite paulo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, quadratus, postice subangustatus, antice leviter emarginatus, lateribus modice rotundatis, postice obsolete sinuatis, basi truncatus, oblique ad latera, angulis pos- ticis obtusis minime rotundatis, anguste deplanatis ; impressione transversa anteriore arcuata, posteriore valde profunda, arcuata ; linea longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata : basalibus rectis, linearibus profundis. Elytra thorace paulo latiora, apice sub- attenuata, vix sinuata, striata, interstitiis vix convexis, stria rudi- mentali nulla : epipleurae pedesque pallide rufo-picei. 3. atrimedius. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N. S. (Feronia.) Similis. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. (Trechus.) Habitus et statura Agonoderi pallipedis (Fabr.) Specimina duo ad Evansville, provinciae Indiana? mense Maio legi. 4. r U f i C r U S . Kirby loc. cit. sup. (Trechus.) badiipennis. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Soc. Vol. I. (Stenolophus.) Thorax in hac specie rotundatua est, postice subangustatus, angulis posticis rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus latis, sparse punctatis : elytra striata, stria rudimentali brevissima, interstitiis planis, 3 io postice unipunctato ; antennarum articulo l mo , palpi, pedesque rufi ; femoribus leviter obscuratis. Cavendum est ne cum Stenolopho ochropezo (Say.) confundatur; palpis apice paulo acutioribus, thorace angulis posticis paulo minus rotun- Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 405 dads ; elytris interstitiis planioribus, infuscatis, minime coeru- leo-micantibus dignoscatur ; epipleuras nigrae sunt, postice rufes- centes, in S. ochropezo omnino rufae. Habitat in Pennsylvania minus frequens. Specimen unicum a Dom. Melcbeimor benevole datum. ■5. *lugubris. Nigro-piceus, nitidus, thorace quadrato, pot- tice parum anguslato, angulis posticis obtusis, rotun- datis ; elytris prqfunde striatis, interstitiis convexis, 3'° unipunctato : antennarum articulo l mo , palpis pe- dibusquc ferrugineis. Long. -23, lat. - 09. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. Habitus et affinitas summa Stenolophi ocbropezi (Say.) Oblongus, elongatus, nigro-piceus, nitidus. Caput leeve, sutura frontali nulla, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus, rectis, profundis, antennarum articulo 1™° palporumque apice ferru- gineo. Thorax subquadratus, lateribus modice rotundatus, pos- tice leviter angustatus, basi fere recte truncatus, angulis posticis obtusis, leviter rotundatis, non explanatis ; impressione trans- versa anteriore angulata, vix distincta, Hnea lori^itudinali pro- funda, integra ; basalibus brevibus profundus, punctis paucis aubtilibus notatis. Elytra latiora, profunde striata, interstitiis convexis, 3'° postice unipunctato, stria rudimentali brevi; serie punctorum submarginali medio valde interrupta: epipleurce nigro-picese. Pedes rufo-ferruginei. «• tibialis. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. (Tiecbus.) Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem minus frequens. Prajcedente minor, crassiusculus, tborace lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis fere rectis ; impressionibus basalibus rectis, linea- aribus; elytrorum interstitiis paulo convexis; antennarum arti- culo 1'"°, palpis, tibiis, tarsisquo rufo-ferrugineis. ''• *quadricollis. Oblongus, dcpressus, nigcr nitidus ; tho- race quadrato, lateribus vix rotundato, angulis posticis accurate rectis, basalibus rectis, linearibus ; elytris stri- atis, interstitiis plants, 3'° unipunctato, annlcnnarum 406 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptera. articulo l m °, palporumque apice piceo-rufis. Long. -22, lat. - 08. Specimen unicum ad Lacum Superiorem inventum. Oblongus depressus, niger, nitidus. Caput lseve, sutura fron- tali distincta, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus, profundis j antenna nigrae, articulo l mo subtus rufo-piceo ; palpi picei, apice rufi. Thorax capite paulo latior, latitudine vix brevior, quad- ratus, antice leviter emarginatus, lateribus parum rotundatis, basi truncatus, oblique ad latera, angulis posticis rectis non rotunda- tis ; impressione transversa anteriore atigulata, distincta ; linea longitudinali integra, profunda ; basalibus rectis, profundis, linea- ribus. Elytra thorace latiora, apice tenuiler piceo-marginata, parum sinuata, striata, interstitiis fere planis, 3 io unipunctato ; stria rudimentali brevi, vix distincta. Pedes nigri, tibial basi pices. 8. *COrdicollis. Nigro-piceus, nitidus, thorace postice leviter retracto, angulis posticis obtusis, impressionibus basali- bus nullis ; elylris striatis, stria rudimentali nulla, an- tennarum articulo \ m ', palporum apice, pedibusque rufts. Long. '20, lat. - 07. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem minus frequens. Oblongo-elongatus, nigro-piceus, nitidus. Caput loeve, sub- convexum, striis frontalibus brevibus obliquis, sutura vix dis- tincta. Antenna articulo l ,no rufo-ferrugineo, reliquis brunneis, obscuris. Palpi rufi, articulo 2 ndo , 3'°que basi piceis. Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine summa paulo brevior. antice trun- catus, postice leviter rotundatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, pos- tice retractus, angulis posticis obtusis j convexus, Ircvis : impres- sionibus transversis nullis, linea longitudinali tenaissima vix observanda, basalibus fere nullis. Elytra thorace latiora paral- lela, apice rotundata, non sinuata, striata, interstitiis leviter con- vexis ; stria rudimentali nulla ; epipleuree postice rufo-picea?, Subtus nigro-piceus, pedibus rufo-ferrugineis. 9. rupestris. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N. S. (Trechus.) Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 407 elong atulus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Acupalpus.) flavipe S. Kirby.F.B. A. (Trechus.) Abundat ubique. Colore a rufo, ad piceum, vel etiam nigi-o-piceum variat. Varietas picea, elytris rufo-marginatus, a Sayo (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. N. S.) sub nomine Stenolophi cincti des- cripta est. 10. * congener. Elongatus, subdepressus, piceus tiitidus : capita, abdomine,elytrisque obscurioribus; thorace ovato, angulis posticis explanatis, impressionibus basalibus latis, non profundi.?, obsolete punc.latis, elytris striatis, interslitiis subplanis, anlennarum articulis 3, palpis, epipleuris, pedibusque tcslaceis. Long. -19, lat. -06. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains minus frequens. « Ad hanc speciem forte referendus est Acupalpus debilipes (Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. N. S.) sed insectum ejus nigrum vel nigro-piceum erat ; verisimiliter colore variat. Statura et summa affinitas prsecedentis. Elongatus, piceus tiitidus. Caput obscurum, laeve, impressionibus frontalibus obliquis brevibus, sutura distincta. Antenna obscurae, articulis 3 basalibus, cum palpis testaceis. Thorax- capite paulo latior, latitudine non brevior, rotundato-quadratus, postice parum an- gustatus, angulis posticis obtusis explanatis, basi leviter rotun- datus ; disco minus convexus, tenuiter marginatus ; impressione transversa anteriore arcuata, linea longitudinali integra, basalibus latis rotundatis, non profundis, obsolete punctatis. Elytra ob- scura, striata, stria rudimentali nulla ; interstitiis fere planis. Pedes, cum epipleuris rufo-testacei. 11. *neglectUS. Elongatus, niger tiitidus, thorace subquad- rato, angulis posticis valde rotundatis ; impressionibus basalibus latis, non profundis, sparse punctatis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis paulo conrexis, 3'" iinipunctato ; an- lennarum articulis 2,palpis, pedibusque pallidis. Long. •12, lat. -05. Specimen unicum, ad insulam Macki- naw legi. 408 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. Prascedente duplo minor. Niger nitidus. Caput laeve, im- pressionibus frontalibus obliquis, profundis ; palpi pallidi ; an- tenna obscurae, articulis 2 basalibus pallidis. Thorax latitudine non brevior, antice vix emarginatus, basi leviter rotundatus, pos- tice paulo angustatus, lateribus modice rotundatus, angulis posticis leviter explanatis, valde rotundatis ; impressionibus transversis indistinctis, linea longitudinali profunda, integra, basa- libus latis, rotundatis, non profundis, cum angulis explanatis confusis, sparse obsolete punctatis. Elytra parallela, apice rotundata, non sinuata, profundo striata, interstitiis leviter con- vexis, 3 10 unipunctato, stria rudimentali nulla. Pedes rufo-tes- tacei, postici rufo-picei, femoribus obscurioribus. GYNANDROPUS. Dej. 1. h y 1 a C i S. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. II. (Har- palus.) atner icanu S . Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis, sub cortice arborum emortuarum minus fre- quens. 2 * elongatus. Angustatus, niger nitidus ; thorace basi punctulato, angulis posticis obtusis, nix rotundatis, levi- ter explanatis ; elyt.ris striis 2" da , 5"* et T"" obsolete punctatis, antennis, palpis pedibusque ritfis. Long. "25, lat. "09. Habitat in Georgia rarissime. Prsscedente angustior, niger nitidus. Caput, antennee palpique eadem. Thorax latitudine non brevior, antice posticeque trun- catus, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis leviter explanatis, obtusis, parum rotundatis ; disco convexus ; impressionibus trans- versis nullis, linea longitudinali tenui, utrinque abbreviata ; foveis basalibus parvis, punctatis. Elytra thorace paulo latiora, latitu- dine fere triplo longiora, parallela, postice modico rotundata, striata, striis 2 nda , 5 ta et 7 ma seriebus punctorum parum distinc- tis ; interstitiis laevibus, vix convexis. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 409 STENOLOPHUS. Dej. § 1. Tarsi intermedii t anticis minus dilatati, J mento den- tato, dente minutissimo, qui sectione solum cernari potest. 1. Ochropezus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S- (Feronia) : Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat ubique. 2. *COnvexicollis. Nigro-piceus, nitidiis, thorace subro- tundato, angidis posticis valde rotundatis, leviter expla- natis; impressionibus basalibus sparse punctatis ; elytris thorace latioribus, siriatis, interstitiis convexis, 3'° uni- punctato ; antcnnarum arliculis duobus, palpis, thoracis elytrorwn/jue margine tenui, pedibusque rvfo-testaceis. Long. -21,lat. -07. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Oblongus, nigro-piceus, nitidus. Caput laeve, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus, obliquis, antennce obscurae, articulis duobus testaceis ; palpi testacei. Thorax latitudine non brevior, subro- tundatus, postice vix angustatus, angulis posticis valde rotun- datis, leviter explanatis ; disco subconvexus, tenuitor rufo mar- ginatus ; impressionibus transversis nonnunquam vix distinctis, posteriore paulo profundiore ; linea longitudinali tenui, postice abbreviata; basalibus latis, non profundis, sparse punctatis. Elytra thorace latiora, striata : interstitiis convexis, 3 10 unipunc- tato, stria rudimentali longa. Epipleurce, pedesque rufo-testacei. Praecedenti simillimus, at sesqui minor, thorace convexiore angulis posticis minus explanatis, elytris paulo latioribus distinc- tus videtur. § 2. Tarsi intermedii valde dilatati, mentum in sexu utroque edentatum. 3. carbonarius. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Harpalus.) Habitat in provinciis mediis sat frequens. Ad hoc genus rite pertinet ; est tamen $ articulus penulti- mus tarsorum dilatatorum profunde emarginatus bilobatusque, sicut in Stenolophis omnibus ; mentum quoque edentatum est. 4. dissimilis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis austra- libus minus frequens : a Dom. Zimmerman amice missus. 410 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. Cavendum est ne pro Agonodero haberetur ; a quo antennis longioribus facile dignoscendus. 5. IUSCipennis. Oblongw, niger, nitidus ; elytris piceis, cyaneo-micantibus, profunde striatis, interstitiis con- vexis, 3'° unipunctato ; antennarum basi, palpis, thoracis margine, epipleuris, tibiis tarsisque testaccis ; femori- bus piceis. Long. -27, lat. -10. Habitat NovEboraci. Oblongus, subdepressus, niger nitidus. Caput laave, impres- sionibus frontalibus minutis, obliquis; palpi rufo-testacei ; an- tenna obscuras, articulo l m ° testaceo. Thorax rotundato-quad- ratus, latitudine vix brevior, lateribus rotundatus, basi leviter rotundato, angulis posticis valde rotundatis ; disco subplanus, transverse leviter rugosus, tenuiter testaceo marginatus; impres- sionibus transversis vix conspicuis, posteriore paulo profundiore ; linea longitudinali tenui, utrinque abbreviata ; basalibus latis obloiigis, non profundis, sparse punctatis. Elytra picea, cyaneo- micantia, margine tenui rufo-testaceo ; profunde striata, intersti- tiis modice convexis, 3'° unipunctato, stria rudimentali longa, recta : epipleuras testaceae. Femora picea, basi cum tibiis tar- sisque testacea. A sequente interstitiis elytrorum convexis satis distinctus. 6. fuliginosus. Dej. Sp. Gen. versicolor. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. Habitat in provinces mediis et occidentalibus. Variat anten- narum articulo 1""> supra obscurato. 7. plebejus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique minus fre- quens. 8. fuscatUS. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinces mediis, a Dom. Melsheimer benevole datus. 9. COnjunctus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N. S. (Trechus.) misellus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Acupalpus.) rotundicollis. Haldeman Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. (Acupalpus.) Catalogue of the Geodephagous Goleoptera. 411 Abundat ubique. Variat testaceus, et nigro-piceus : $ hujus speciei omnino cum Stenolophis typicis congruit. Habitus porro depressus, Acupalpo alienus, Stenolopho plebejo autem, vel potius S. fuscato supra laudatis simillimus. ACUPALPUS. Dej. TRECHUS. auct. Anglicorum. Mentum medio dentatum. Tarsi iZ« Dej.Sp. Gen. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 413 6. difficilis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis austra- libus. Subdivisio IV. — Trechini. Corpus antice angustatum, in plerisque gracile. Caput postice nunc non retractum, nunc leviter coarctatum : antice acutum. Palpi elongati, articulo ultimo conico, apice valde acuto. Tarsi antici $ dilatati. AEPUS. Leach. TRECHUS. p. Dej. Corpus lineare, depressum. Caput magnum, thoracem aequans. Labrum quadratum antice paulo emarginatum. MANDiBULiE porrectae. Mentum vix concavum, medio profunde emarginatum, dente nullo. Palpi elongati, articulo ultimo conico, acuto, penultimo paulo longiore, et ei arete conjuncto, massam fusiformem formante. Tarsi antici 7, lat. - 25. Abundat ad Syracusas NovEboraci. Niger nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus longiusculis modice profundis ; labrum acute incisum. Thorax latitudine plus sesqui (fere duplo) brevior, apice parum emarginato, antice valde angustato, lateribus valde rotundatis, pone medium rectis ; basi medio leviter emarginata, utrinque oblique truncata, angiitis posticis obtusis non rotundatis ; disco tenuiter marginatus, vix convexus, versus angulos posticos depressus ; impressionibus transversis indistinctis, linea longitudinali utrinque abbreviata, basalibus rectis profundis. Elytra thorace paulo latiora (thoracis latitudine summa a margine ad striam 5 tam elytri alterius extendente) ; striata (levius in $) stria 7 ma obliterata, interstitio 3 io unipunctato. 3. impressicollis. Niger nitidus, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus paulo rotundato, postice leviter angustato, clytris striato-punctatis, punctoquc im- presso. Long. -57, lat. 24. R. impressicollis ? Dej. Sp. Gen. V. R. striato-punctutus LeC. Proc. A. N. S. Vol. II. 420 Catalogue of the GeodepJiagous Coleop!cra. Cum descriptione Dejeaniana omnino quadrat, oxcepto thorace postice leviter angustato : prsecedentibus angustior. Niger nitidus ; caput impressionibus frontalibus profundis, latis ; labrum profunde incisum, medio impressum. Thorax latitudine sesqui brevior, antice parum angustatus, lateribus rotundatis, pone medium rectis, leviter retractis, basi medio rix emarginata, utrinque magis oblique truncata, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis ; disco vix convexus, distinctius margin- atus, versus angulos posticos depressus ; linea longitudinali utrinque abbreviata, impressionibus transversis paulo distinctis ; basalibus rectis, valde profundis. Elytra thorace latiora (tho- racis latitudine summa a margine ad striam 3> am elytri alteriua extendente) striata, striis punctatis, interstitio 3 io unipunctato. 4. n s s i in i ] i s . LeC. loc. cit. Niger nitidus, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus paulo rotundatis, basi utrin- que striato; elytris profundius striatis, punctoque impresso. Long. -45, lat. -20. Habitat NovEboraci, et in Georgia minus frequens. Niger nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus brevibus profundis. Thorax latitudine sesqui brevior, apice leviter emarginatus, antice parum angustatus, lateribus leviter rotun- datis, pone medium fere rectis, basi medio fere truncata, utrinque minus oblique truncata, angulis posticis rectis; disco vix convexus, versus angulos posticos leviter depressus ; linea longitudinali antice leviter abbreviata, impressionibus transversis vix distinctis, basalibus valde profundis, alteraque externa parva valde indistincta. Elytra thorace paulo latiora, (thoracis latitudine summa ad striam 5 tora extendente) paulo profundius striata, stria rudimentali brevi ad basin ; striis versus basin leviter punctatis. 5. *obtUSUS. Niger nitidus, tlwrace antice angustato, basi utrinque striato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis ; elytris striatis, puncto nullo. Long. - 44, lat. "18. Habitat ad Longs's Peak. Ab omnibus praecedentibua thorace minus depresso, impress- Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 421 ionibus transversis distinctioribus, angulis posticis rotundatis ; elytrorumque interstitio 3'° impunctato dignoscendus. Niger nitidus. Caput impressionibus fiontalibus parvis, vix distinctis. Thorax latitudine sesqui brevior, antice leviter angustatus, apice parum emarginatus, lateribus rotundatus, prae- cipuo ante medium, basi medio leviter emarginata, utrinque vix oblique truncata, angulis posticis leviter rotundatis : disco tenuiter marginatus, modice convexus, margine pone medium «t versus angulos posticos leviter depresso ; linea longitudinali tenui antico abbreviata ; impressione anteriore angulata, post- eriore recta; basalibus profundis, breviusculis. Elytra thorace paulo latiora, striis omnino laevibua, interstitiis planatis, 3 10 im- punctato ; stria rudimentali ad basin nulla. DICyELUS, Bon. '" laevia, §1. C . , i costis alternatim subcarinatis, §2. I costis aequaliter rotundatis, §3. irrcgulariter interruptis, §4. alternatim latioribus, §5. S thorace quadrato, §6. thorace postice retracto, §7 §1. Elytris lajvibus. *la)vipGnnis. Niger obscure violaceus, thorace antice Halite angustato, lateribus rotundatis, elytris tenuiter punctatostriatis, carina humeraU ad trientem abbre- viata. Long. - 7, lat. .31. Habitat ad flumen Platte, prope rupem caminatam (Chimney). Ellipticus, deprossus, niger obscure violaceus. Caput minus- culnm, antice subacutum, levitor rugosum, impressionibus fron- talibus modice profundis. Thorax basi capite triplo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, apice profunde rotundato-omarginatus, basi sinuato-emarginatus, antice valde angustatus, lateribus rotundatis ; subtiliter rugosus ; linoa longitudinali fere integra, impressione transversa anteriore vix distincta, posteriore pro- funda, sinuata, medio angulata, ramo utrinque recto ad angulum C C 422 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. posteriorem extendente ; basalibus brevibus, leviter sinuatis, ad basin extendentibus ; lateribus late depressis, impressione laterali arcuata cum posteriore transversa connexa, pone medium subduplicata; margine incrassato, elevatoque. Elytra thorace vix latiora, postice rotundata, margine reflexo, carina humerali valde acuta, ad trientem abbreviata : minus convexa, nitidiu- scula, liueis punctorum snbtilium versus suturam distinctioribus. Subtus nigro-violaceus. §2. Costis alternatim subcarinatis. 2. *quadratllS. Dej. Cat. Oblongus latus, depressus, niger violacco irroratus ; thorace anticc angustato, lateribus rotundatis, ehjtris striatis, inters titiis 3'°, 5'° l mo que dorso subacutis. Long. "96, lat. - 4. Habitat in Georgia minus frequens. Oblongo-ellipticus, latus, depressus, niger violaceo-irroratus. Caput magnum obtusum, laeve, vix nitidum ; impressionibus frontalibus latis, non profundis. Thorax basi capite vix duplo latior, apice modice rotundato-emarginatus, basi utrinque subito parum incisa, parte mediana levissime rotundato-emarginata ; antice angustatus, lateribus rotundatus, angulis posticis rectis, levissime rotundatis ; disco vix convexus, obsolete rugosus ; linea longitudinali fere integra, impressionibus transversis dis- tinctis, sed non acute impressis, anteriore a margine remota, utrinque obtuse angulata, posteriore medio leviter angulata, ramo utrinque concavo ad angulum extendente ; basalibus lon- gis sinuatis, ad basin extendentibus, antice arcuatim prolon- gatis, impressioni laterali parallelis ; lateribus valde depressis, impressione laterali arcuata, ante medium lateribus parallela, pone medium inflexa cum impressione transversa posteriore connexa, margine incrassato, elevatoque. Elytra tborace vix latiora, postice rotundath, levissime acuminata, margine reflexo ; minus convexa, profunde striata, striis punctatis, sutura inter- stitii8que 3 10 , 5 t0 , et 7 mo magis elevatis, dorso acutiusculis, hoc carina humerali acuta, gradatim evanescente; interstitio 6 t0 puiictis paucis ad basin. Subtus niger, vix violaceus. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 423 §3. Violacei, costis aequaliter rotundatis. 3. *deColoratUS. Niger vix violaceus, thorace antice an- gustato, lateribus rotundatis, elytris aureo-decoloratis, slriatis. Long. 1'07, lat. "43. Specimen unicum a Texas, Dom. Dr. Engelman amice datum. Iteliquis major, forma vero D. splendido simillimus. Caput magnum, nigrum, subnitidum, obsolete rugosum, impressionibus frontalibus latis non profundis. Thorax basi capite duplo latior, latitudine fere duplo brevior, apice rotundato-emarginatus, basi subsubito paulo incisus, parto mediana leviter emarginata ; apice angustatus, lateribus ante medium rotundatis, dein rectis, angulis posticis rectis, vix rotundatis ; linea longitudinali levi, utrinque abbreviata, impressione transversa anteriore a margine remota, distincta, posteriore profunda, medio angulata, ramo concavo minus profundo ad angulum ; basalibus profundis, granulato- rugosis, antice oblique prolongatis, ante medium extendentibus, extrorsum concavis ; lateribus depressis, quam in sequente an- gustioribus, concavioribus, impressione laterali minus curvata ; margine incrassato, paulo magis elevato ; impressione parva prope angulum posticum concava, introrsum cum impressione transversa posteriore valdo distincte arcuatim conjuncta. Elytra thorace vix latiora, postice rotundata, dorso pone medium modice convjexa ; aureo-decolorata, margine reflexo obscuriore ; striata striis fere laevibus, interstitiis 5 t0 6 ,0 que punctis paucis ad basin : carina humerali acuta, gradatjm evanescente. Subtus niger, vix violaceus. Obs. — D. splendido plus duplo major, thorace angulis anticis paulo minus acutis, margine minus late depresso, impressione transversa posteriore ramo ad angulum minus profundo, im- pressione externa cum posteriore transversa profundius connexa, carinaque humerali minus prolongata, necnon colore elytrorum decolorato distinctus videtur. 4. splendidllS. Say. Am. Ent. pi. 24. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. Oblongus niger violaceo-irroratus , thorace antice 424 Catalogue of (lie G 'eodephagous Coleoptera. angustato, lateribus rotundato, elytris cupreo-nitidis, margine subcyaneo. Long. - 8, Jat. -32. Habitat ad flumen Platte infra furcationem, sat frequens. Latus, oblongus, modice depressus. Caput magnum, nigrum, subtiliter rugosum, impressionibus frontalibus latis, non pro- fundis. Antenna palpique nigri. Thorax basi capite paulo plus duplo latior, latitudine plus sesqui brevior, antice angus- tatus ; lateribus ante medium rotundatis, apice profunde rotun- dato-emarginatus, angulis posticis rectis, vix rotundatis ; disco subrugosus, violaceo-irroratus ; linea longitudinali fere Integra, impressione transversa anteriore a margine remota, posteriore profunda, sinuata, ramo ad angulum profundo minus concavo ; basalibus modice profundis, sinuatis antice ad medium oblique prolongatis, lateribus late depressis, impressione laterali arcuata pone medium incurvata; impressione parva prope angulum posteriorem concava, introrsum cum impressione transversa vix connexa; margine incrassato, elevato. Elytra thorace vix latiora, postice rotundata, dorso pone medium convexiuscula, cupreo-splendida, margine reflexo cyaneo; profunde striata, striis obsolete punctatis, iuterstitiis convexis, 5 t0 6 to que basi punctis paucis ; carina humerali acuta magis elevata, gradatim evanescente. Subtus niger, epipleuris violaceis. Obs. — Specimen unicum a Dom. Wilcox in provincia Illinois lectum, et amicissime datum sesqui majus, elytris aureo-micant- ibus, planioribus, postice multo minus convexis, striis distinctius punctatis. An varietas, an revera species distincta ? 5. chalybeus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinces austral- . ibus sat frequens, in provinciis mediis rarissimus. Long. 1-03, lat. -4. Thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, antice angustato, lateribus modice rotundatis, angulis posticis levissime obtusis subrotundatis distinctus; elytris in $ postice obsolete acuminatus. 6. *COnfusus. Obscure violaceus, tlwrace antice angustato, lateribus rotundato, postice vix dislincte retracto; elytris parallelis, apice rotundatis. Long. 1-00, lat. -38. Specimen unicum in Georgia lectum. Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptera. 425 Prascedenti simillimus, colore obscuriore, formaque magis parallela. Antenna fuscae, basi piceae. Thorax latitudine fere duplo brevior, antice magis angustatus, lateribus anle medium magis rotundatis, pone medium levissimo retractis, obsoleteque sinuatis, angulis posticis rectis, minus rotundatis ; impressionibus omnibus sicut in D. chalybeo, (vide Dej. Sp. Gen.) Elytra magis parallela, apice rotundata, profunde striata, striis impunc- tatis, interstitiis modice convexis, sicut in D. chalybeo, dorso alternatim paulo acutioribus. 7. V i O 1 a C e U S . Say. Am. Ent. pi. 24 : 1 Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 1 Bonelli Mem. de 1' Acad. Turin. V. Cy aneus? Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis et occidentalibus minus frequens. Long. 1-00 — -87, lat. -37 — -32. D. chalybeo angustior et par- allelior, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, antice parum angus- tato, apice profunde rotundato-emarginato, lateribus antice paulo rotundatis, pone medium obsoletissime sinuatis, angulis posticis rectis, vix rotundatis ; disco nitidiusculo, vix rugoso, impressionibus sicut in D. chalybeo ; lateribus angustius de- pressis, magis reflexis, impressione laterali antice lateribus parallela. Elytra parallela, apice rotundata, postice leviter convexa, striata, interstitiis ajqualiter dorso obsolete acutis ; striis nonnunquam obsoletissime punctatis. 8. purpuratUS. Bonelli. loc. cit. 1 Say. Trans. Am. Ph. S. II. violaceus . Dej. Sp. Gen. V. 684. Habitat in provinciis australibus. Descriptio Bonelliana, ' thorace transverso, corpore abbreviato, dilatato ' ad hanc speciem plane refert. Long. I'll, lat. -43. Thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore, antice vix angustato, lateribus parum rotundato, apice minus profunde etnarginato facile distinctus ; marginibus late depressis, impressionibus sicut in D. chalybeo; elytris depressiusculis, 426 Catalogue of the Ccodephagous Coleoptcra. apice rotundatis, striatis, interstitiis dorso alternatim paulo acutioribus. 9. I r 1 C O 1 O r . Anguslior late violaceus, thorace obsolete viridi- micante, antice leviter angustato, lateribus -paulo rotun- datis, angulis posticis leviter rotundatis. Long. '87, lat. 32. Habitat ad urbem St. Louis : a Dom. Engelman benevole datus. D. chalybeo minor et angustior, laetius violaceus. Caput vio- laceum, impressionibus frontalibus latis non profundis. Antenna apice fuscae. Thorax basi capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, apice profunde rotundato-eraarginatus, antice rnodice angustatus, lateribus regulariter rotundatus, basi medio late incisa, angulis posticis leviter obtusis, rotundatis ; impression- ibus quam in D. chalybeo minus profundis, lateribus angustius depressis, magis reflexis, disco medio magis convexo. Elytra magis parallela, striata interstitiis dorso alternatim paulo acutior- ibus ; striis externis obsolete punctatis. §4. Costis irregulariter interrupts. 10. S C U 1 p t i 1 i s. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. Am. Ent. pi. 24. Habitat in provinces occidentalibus, et in Territorio Missouriensi ; rarissime in Pennsylvania ad montes. §5. Costis alternatim latioribus. 11. CarinatUS. Dej. Sp. Gen. V. Habitat in provinces australibus minus frequens. 12. alternans. Dej. ibid. Habitat cum priore. §6. Nigri, thorace quadrato, elytris costis aequalibus. 13. Dejeanii. Dej. Sp. Gen. V. Habitat in provinces australibus minus frequens, a Dom Haldeman bene- vole datus. Sequenti simillimus, sed major, thorace breviore, antice magis angustato, lateribus ante me- dium multo magis rotundato, impressione laterali Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptcra. 427 multo magis arcuata : elytris thorace fere sesqui latioribus distinctus. 14. d i 1 a t a t U M. Say. Tr. A. P. S. II ; Am. Ent. pi. 24. Ha- bitat in provinciis mediis et australibus minus frequens. Long. '93,lat. -35. A praecedente statura mi- nora, elytrisque thorace parum latioribus distinguen- dus ; thorace antice leviter angustato, lateribus, levi- ter rotundatis. 15. *planicollis. Ovatus, latus, niger, opacus : thorace ■ antice angustato, lateribus vix rotundato, fere piano : elytris striatis carina humerali valde abbreviata^ Long. -95, lat. -42. Specimen unicum in Georgia ad monies a Dora. Ludov. LeConte lectum -et benevole missum. Praecedente major, et thorace planiusculo, lateribus vix rotun- dato facile cognoscendus. Ovatus, latus, niger, opacus. Caput antice subacutum, mandi- bulis longiusculis acutis, impressionibus frontalibus latis, rugo- sis. Thorax quadratus, apice leviter rotundato-emarginatus, antice leviter angustatus, lateribus vix rotundatus, basi medio late minus profundo emarginatus, angulis posticis rectis, paulo rotundatis ; subrugosus, fere planus ; impressionibus transversis distinctis, sed non pvofundis ; posteriore sinuato, ramo valde arcuato ad angulum ; basalibus brevibus introrsum leviter obliquis, lateribus depressis, margine magis incrassato, elevato ; impres- sione laterali minus profunda, antice lateribus sub-parallela, pone medium incurvata, cum impressione posteriore obsolete connexa. Elytra thorace paulo latiora ovalia, postice non dila- tata, apice rotundata, dorso planiuscula, postice leviter convexa, striata, striis impunctatis, interstitiis parum convexis, basi sparse punctatis, carina humerali valde abbreviata. 16 *OValis. Ellipticus, latus, niger, subopacus, thorace an- tice subangustato, lateribus leviter rotundato, margine magis reflexo ; elytris striatis carina humerali ad 428 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. medium extendcnte. Long. -7 — -62, lat. -3 — -25. Ha- bitat ubique minus frequeus. Ellipticus, latus, niger, subopacus. Caput subelongatum, an- tice acutum, transverse rugosum, obsoletissime rugose-punctatum, impressionibus frontalibus profundis. Antenna versus apicem fuscescentea. Thorax basi capite duplo latior, latitudine fere sesqui brevior, apice profunde rotundato-emarginatus, angulis anticis acutis; antice leviter angustatus, lateribusleviter rotunda- tus, basi medio late subito paulo incisa, angulis posticis rectis rotundatis : disco minus convexus, transversim leviter rugosus, obsoletissime rugose-punctatus ; linea longitudinali fere integra, impressionibus transversis indisdinctis, anteriore arcuata, poste- riore vix angulata, ramo ad angulum minus profundo ; basalibus modicis,.ad medium non extendentibus introrsum leviter obliquis, margine depresso, distinctius reflexo, antice fere evanescente; impressione laterali satis profunda, postice non incurvata, cum ramo obliquo conjuncta. Elytra thorace vix latiora, postice non dilatata, apice rotundata {$ paulo angustata) pone medium con- vexa, striata, interstitiis minus convexis, 5 t0 , 6 t0 que basi striola abbreviata : carina humerali acuta, paulo pone medium evanes- cente. 17. a m b i g U U S . Ferte. Rev. Zool. 1841 : Dej. Cat. Sub- elongalus, niger, parum nilidus, thorace antice leviter angustato, latcribus paulo rotundalo, margine tenui an- tice ambiente ; elytris striatis, carina humerali pone medium extendente. Long. - 75, lat. "29. Habitat in provinciis australibus. D. obscuro simillimus ; paulo latior, et minus opacus : thorace paulo breviore, antice minus angustato, angulis posticis magis rotundatis, angulis anticis minus acutis margine tenui ambiente, distinctus. Subelongatus, niger, parum nitidus. Caput minusculum, im- pressionibus frontalibus latis, non profundis, obsolete rugosum, longitudinaliter subtilissime rugose punctatum. Antenna apice fuscae. Thorax basi capite plus duplo latior, latitudine non ses- qui brevior, apice profunde emarginatus, emarginatione basi fere Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 429 recta, angulis anticis acutis. leviter rotundatis margine tenui am- biente ; antice angustatus, lateribus rotundatus, basi medio subito late incisa, angulis posticis rectis modice rotundatis ; disco vix convexus ; linea longitudinali tenui fere integra, impressionibus transversis indistinctis, posterioro ramo ad angulum concavo, basalibus sat elongatis, introrsum leviter obliquis ; lateribus angus- tius minus subito depressis, impressione laterali antice cum mar- gine parallela, pone medium incurvata, duplicata; margine tenui elevato nitido. Elytra thprace vix latiora, apice subacuminata (magis in $) pone medium leviter convexa, striata interstitiis, mo- dice convexis, aequaliter rotundatis, carina humerali valde acuta, pone medium evanescente. Obs. — Specimina ad Rocky Mountains obtinui sesqui minora, thorace paulo planiore, margine minus reflexo, impressione late- rali minus incurvata. An speeies distincta 1 18. OpacUS? Ferte. Rev. Zool. 1S41. Long. -73, lat. 27. Praecedenti simillimus ; thorax latitudine vix brcvior, antice minus angustatus, lateribus ante medium minus rotundatis, pone medium obsoletissime sinuatis, im- pressione laterali profundiore postice leviter sinuata, lateribus magis reflexis. A sequente corpore minus opaco, thorace antico multo minus angustato, lateri- busque postice sinuatis distinctus. Specimen unicum in Alabama lectum a Dom. Haldeman benevolo datum. 11. 'obscums. Elongates, nigro-opacus, thorace antice angustato, lateribus rolundato, angulis anlicis valde acutis, margine non ambienlc ; elylris striatic, intersti- tiis minus convexis, dorso aliernatim obsolete acutioribus : carina humerali ad medium evanescente. Long. '7, lat. "26. Habitat in provinciis australibus. D. simplex LeC. MSS. Forma thoracis a praecedentibus duobus satis distinctus ; late- ribus (sicut in D. opaco) distinctius reflexis, impressione laterali profundiore, et non sinuato. Caput paulo latius et minus elon- 430 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. gatum. A aequente thorace longiore, antice ad latera minus ro- tundato, coloreque obscuriore dignoscendus. 20. simplex. Dej. Sp. Gen. Subelongatus, niger subopacus, thorace latiludine fere sesqui breviore, antice angustalo, laleribus rotundato, elytris striatis, interstitiis aqualiter parum rotundatis. Long. -69, lat. -25. Habitat in provinciis mediis. Statura praecedentis, minus opacus : thorace breviore, lateribus antice magis rotundatis, angulis posticis levissime obtusis, paulo rotundatis, impressione transversa posteriore profunda, medio angulata, impressione laterali antice margini magis approximata, postice subsinuata, ad basin ipsam extendente ; elytris striatis, interstitiis aequaliter parum rotundatis. 21. elongatus. Bonelli. loc. cit : Say. Trans. A. P. S. II : Dej. Sp. Gen. f U rtiUS. Mels. Cat. (non Dej. Sp. Gen.) Hab. in provin - ciis mediis sat frequens. Long. -65, lat. -23. Praecedente angustior et nitidior, forma thoracis D. ambiguum refert; angulis anticis acutioribus, marginibusque magis reflexis facile distinctus ; impressio lateralis profunda est, et lateribus fere parallela. 22. reflexus. Elongatus, niger nitidiusculus, thorace antice non angustalo, pone medium laleribus subsinuato, mar- gine lato valde rejlexo. Long. -8, lat. -30. Habitat ad Columbiam Pensylvaniae. Elongatus, parallelus, niger nitidiusculus. Caput magnum obtusum, impressionibus profundis. Thorax basi capite sesqui latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice vix conspicue angustatus, apice late emarginatus, lateribus vix rotundatis, pone medium obsolete sinuatis, basi medio late emarginata, utrinque leviter oblique truncata, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; disco vix con- vexus, leviter rugosus ; linea longitudinali profunda subintegra, impressionibus Iransversis profundis, posteriore medio leviter angulata, ramo ad angulum concavo, distincto ; basalibus leviter obliquis, profundis, ad medium vix extendentibus ; laterali forti- Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptera. 431 ter impressa, margini parallela, lateribus late depressis, fortiter reflexis. Elytra parallela posticepaulo convexa, apice rotundato- acuminata, striata, interstitiis sequaliter paulo rotundatis, 6 to basi punctis paucis ; carina humerali valde acuta, ante medium evan- escente. 23. politUS. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis. Ab amico meo Wilcox certior factus sum, insectum hoc, sub nomine Leonardi a Dom. Harris vulgatum fuisse. Nescio tamen in quo libro, nisi in 'newspa- per ' quodam ' Agricola Nov-AngKae ' dicto, libro ad scientiam profano et vili. § 7. Thorace leviter cordato, postice retracto. 24. t e t e r . Bonelli loc. cit : Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat Nov- Eboraci. Subdiv. 2. — Chlamiini. Caput antice subacutum. Labrum submarginatum, raro profunde incisum. Mentum dentatum. OODES. Bonelli. 1. americanus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis aus- tralibus minus frequens, 2. p i C i p e S . LeC. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. II. Niger, obscure ceneus, elytris strialis, interstkiis paido convexis, anten- narum basi, tars isque piceis. Long. -44, lat.-28. Habi- tat in provinciis australibus. Prsecedente duplo minor. 3. amatoides. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci, in pro- vinciis australibus, et ad Rocky Mountains. 4. 14-Striatis. Chaud. Bull. Moscou. 1841. Angusths, niger, elytris aneis, strialis, interstitiis planis. Long. •33, lat. "14. Habitam NovAureliani, a Dom. Guex datus. 432 Catalogue of the Gcodedhagous Colcoptera. 5. CUpraeus. Chaud. ibid. Angustus ceneus, ehjlris striato- punctatii; anlennaruih basi, tibiis tarsisque pallidis. Long. -36, lat. 15. Abundat NovAureliani, et ad Quincy, Illinois. A DD. Wilcox et Guex benevole datus. 6. in i n u t. u s . Dej. Sp. Gen. V. Specimen unicum in Alaba- ma lectum a Dom. Haldeman amicissime datum. 7. exaratus. Dej. ibid. Habitat in Georgia rarissime. DINODES. Bonelli. 1. purpuricollis. Rand. Bost. J. N. H. II. (Chkenius.) Habitat NovEboraci, et ad Rocky Mountains raris- sime. CHL^ENIUS. Bonelli. 1. erythr opus. Germar Ins. Nov. rufilabris. Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat in provinces australibus et occidentalibus. 2. fuscicomis. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinces australi- bus minus frequens, tborace latiore, lateribus non sinuatis facile distinctus. 3. *brevicollis. Supra cyaneo-xnolaceus, pubescens, thnrace punctalissimo, laliludine sesqui brcviore, lateribus valde rotundato, angulis poslicis oblusis ; antennis, palpis pc dibusque ferrugineis. Long. -6, lat. -27. Habitat in Georgia minus frequens. C. rufipedi simillimu8, at tborace breviore, lateribus magis ro- tundatis facile dignoscendus : a C. laticolle thoracis forma, ely- trisque minus parallels, magis ovalibus difiert. Supra cyaneo-violaceus, breviter brunneo-pubesccns : caput nilidum, cyaneum, utrinque dense punctatum, labro, mandibulis- que piceis, antennis palpisque ferrugineis. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice angustatus, lateribus valde rolundatus, basi fere recte truncatus, angulis posticis obtusis, le- Catalogue of the Gtodephagous Colcoptera. 433 viter rotundatis, densissime punctatus, disco leviter convexus : impressionibus transversis fere nullis, linealongitudinali utrinque paulo abbreviata, basalibus profundus, fere ad medium antice prolongatis. Elytra thorace sesqui latiora, ovalia, versus hume- ros rotundata, striato-punctata, interstitiis granulans, planis. Subtus niger, punctatus, pedibus ferrugineis. 4. laticollis. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II : Dej. Sp. Gen. Ha- bitat in Territorio Missouriensi. Seqnenti simillimus, purpureo-violaceus, vel cyaneo-obscurus, elytris densius pubescentibus : thorax latitudine paulo brevior, antice modice angustatus, lateribus leviter rotundalus, angulis posticis obtusis, vix rotundatis ; disco minus convexus, densius punctatus ; impressionibus transversis distinctis, basalibus modice profundis. Elytra thorace paulo latiora, antice lateribus parum rotundata, striato-punctata, interstitiis distinctius punctato-granu- latis. 5. r U f i p 6 S. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci, et in pro- vinciis australibus sat frequens : thorace latitudine non breviore, lateribus modice rotundato, disco leviter convexo : elytris ovalibus, thorace sesqui latioribus, antice rotundatis. 6. aUgUStUS. Newman Ent. Mag. V. 490. LeCOHtei. Hald. Proc. A. N. S. I. 304. Oblongus la'iusculus, supra late viridis, scricco-pubcsccns : tho- race antice angustato, lateribus modice rotundatis, punctatissimo, elytris striato-punclatis, interstitiis dis- tincte punctatis : antennarum basi, pedibusque ferru- gineis. Long. "65, lat. -3. Habitat in provinces australibus minus frequens. Latiusculus.st.pra hete viridis, subtus niger; sericeo-pubes- cens. Caput punctatum, fronte laevi, palpi antenn«eque p.cei, basi run. Thorax basi capite duplo latior, latitudine vix brevwr, apice vix emarginatus, antice angustatus, lateribus modice rotun- datus prope basin obsolete sinuatus, angulis postics rect.s : d.sco vix convexus, punctatissimus, margino tonui depressoj hnea 434 Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptera. longitudinali fere nulla, impressionibus basalibus brevibus non profundis. Elytra thorace paulo latiora, ovalia, lateribus paulo rotundatis, striato-punctata, interstitiis planis, minus subtiliter punctatis. Pedes ferruginei. 7. lithophilus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. viridanus . Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis me- diis et occidentalibus. 8. sericeilS. Forster. Ins.: Say. Trans. A. P. S. II.: Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat ubique, usque ad Territorium Ore- gonense. 9. *perviridis. Supra late viridis, sericeo-pubescens, capite utrinque sparse punctato, thorace punctatissimo, lati- tudine non breviore,posticc leviter retracto, impressio- nibus basalibus profundis : elytris striato-punctatis, in- terstitiis planis, subtiliter punctatis, antennis, palpis, pedibusque Jbrugineis. Long. - 55, lat. - 24. Speci- men unicum ad Rocky Mountains inventum. C. sericeo simillimus, at capite minus punctato, thorace bre- viore, paulo convexiore, lateribus multo magis rotundato, postice leviter retracto, elytrisque distinctius punctatis differt. Oblongo-elongatus, supra laste viridis, subtus niger, sericeo- p'ub'es'ceris. Caput breve, oculis valde extantibus, utrinque et postice sparse punctatum, fronte laevi. Mandibular piceae, palpi antennaeque ferruginei. Thorax latitudine vix brevior, capite sesqui latior, antice angustatus, apice vix emarginatus, lateribus ante medium valde rotundatis, pone medium obsolete sinuatis leviter retractis, basi medio leviter emarginata, utrinque oblique truncata ; disco Jeviter convexus, punctatissimus ; impressioni- bus trausversis distinctis, linea longitudinali antice abbreviata, basalibus brevibus, profundis, leviter obliquis. Elytra thorace sesqui latiora, ovalia, striato-punctata, interstitiis subtiliter, sed distincte punctatis. Pedes rufo-ferruginei. 10. a e S t i V U 8 . Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. CobaltillUS . Dej. Sp. Gen. II. Habitat ubique. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 435 11. congener. LeC. Proc. A. N. S. II. Habitat in pro. vinciis australibus minus frequens. Long. '62, lat. •24. Praecedenti simillimus, forma angustiore, capite multo minus punctato, thorace convexioro, lateribus magis rotundato, postice magis relracto, vix sinuato, inipressiono transversa posteriore valde profunda : clytris profundius strialis, striis minus puncta- tis. 12. amoenUS. Dej. Sp. Gen. V. Habitat in provinciis australibus minus frequens. 13. patruelis. Dej. Cat.: LeC. Proc. A. N. S. II. Supra viridis, sericeo-pubescens, capite postice sparse punctato, thorace grosse punctato, elongato, stibc.onre.To, lateribus subsinuatis, impress) onibus basulibus profundi s; ely- tris striato-punctatis, interstitiis obsofetiu.i /in net at s ; antennis pa/pis, pedibusquc J'crrugincis. Habitat in Georgia minus frequens. Elongatus, supra laste viridis, sericeo-pubescens : subtus ni- gro-piceus. Caput postice sparse punctaluin. Thorax capite paulo latior, latitudine fere ses(|ui longior, postice leviter retrac- tus, lateribus antice modice rotundatis, pone medium subsinua- tis : disco modice convexus, grosse punctatns; linea longitudi- tudinnli indistincta, impressione transversa posteriore recta, basalibus valde profundis. Elyt.a thorace sesqui latiora, ovalia, lateribus versus humeros vatiie rotundata, striato-puuetata, inter- stitiis obsolete punctatis. Pedes ferruginei. 14. pr as ill US. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis etoccidentnlibus. 15. S O 1 i t a r i U S . Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. Habitat in pro- vinciis occidentalibus, et in Territorio Miaeourjfinsi minus frequens. A Dom. Wilcox amice d ttus, 17. chlorophanus. Dej. Sp. Gen. cor die oil is . Kirby. F. B. A. (var olncurior.) Habi- tat in provinciis mediis ad aquaiuin niaiginem. 436 Catalogue of the Gcodrphagous Co'coptera. 18. nemoralis. Say. Trans, A. P. S. II : Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique : tliorace obsoletius subtilius punc- tata facile dignoscendus. 19. pensjlvanicus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. fulgiceps. Newman Ent. Mag. V. 490. longicollis. Chaud. Bull, de Moscou. 1841. Sequenti simillimus, at colore viddi, elytrorumque interstitiis convexioribus differt. Habitat in provin- ciis mediis. 20. tricolor. Dej. Sp. Gen. emarginatus. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. Habitat ubique. 21. atripennis. Niger, capite thoraceque viridianeis, hoc punctata, latitudine sesqui breiorc, lateribus valde rotundatis, imprcssionihui basalibus profundi* ; ehj- tru atro-violaceis, striato-punctatis, interstitiis obsole- tissime punctatis. Long. -50, lat. -21. Habitat in provinciia mediis. Prascedenti simillimus, at thorace latiore, antice magis rotun- dato, postice magis retracto, elytris interstitiis minus convexis, obsoletius punctatis distinctus videtur. Subelongatus, niger pubescens. Caput subtilissime puncta- tum, viridia-neum nitidum, impressionibus non profundi's. An- tenna fuscae, basi rufae. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine fere aesqui brevior, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus ante medium valde rotundatus, angulis posticis obtusis, non rotunda- tis ; viridiaeneus, punctatus : impressionibus transversis fere nol- lis, linea longitudinal! antice abbreviata, basalibus profundis, extrorsum leviter obliquis, curvatisque. Elytra thorace sesqui latiora, ovalia, ad humeros rotundata ; atropurpurea, striato- punctata, interstitiis fere planis, obsoletissime punctatis. Pedes ferruginei, coxis nigris. 22. vicinUS. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique usque ad Rocky Mountains. Praecedentibus quatuor affiinis, sed thorace latiore, lateribus valde rotundatis, postice vix sinuatis. Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Colcoptcra. 437 23. *COnsimilis. Niger, capite thoraceque viridi-azneis, hoc lata, antice angustato, lateribus rotundatis, postice siibsiiwatis, angulis postwis rectis : elytris purpureis, striatopunctatis, interstitiis obsolete punctatis ; anten- tiarum bast, paJpis, pedlbusque ferrugineis. Long. •43, lat. - 19. Specimen unicum ad Rocky Moun- tains ledum. Chlaenius oxygonus 1 Chaud. Bull, de Moscou. 1841. Praecedentibus quinque simillimus, at thoracis forma satis dis- tinctus. Niger sericeo-pubescens. Caput Ueve postice subtilis- sime punctulatum, impressionibus non profundis. •Antenna sub- fuscas, basi indeterminate rufae. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice angustatus, lateribus valde ro- tundatis, pone medium leviter sinuatis, basi utrinque oblique truncatus, angulis posticis rectis, non rotundatis ; disco parum convexus, punctatus, viridiaeneus : impressionibus transversis satis distinctis, linea longitudinali utrinque abbreviata, basalibus profundis, cxtrorsum leviter concavis, fere ad medium extenden- tibus. Elytra thorace latiora, profunde striato-punctala, inter- stitiis fere planus, obsoletissime subtilitcr punctatis. Pedes fer- ruginei. 24. *brcvilabris. Suj>ra viridiancus, elytris obscurioribus, thorace punctata, lato, antice angustato, lateribus ro- tundatis, jiosticc obsolete sinuatis, i?nprcssionibus ba- salibus longis, parum profundis, antennarum bast, palpis, coxis, pedlbusque Jerrugineis. Long. '45, lat. •2. Habitat ad Insulam Longam .NovEboraci, a Dom. Brevoort amice datum. C. impunctifrons 1 Kirby. F. B. A. IV. Thoracis forma praecedentem refert, at impressionibus basa- libus longis, coxisque rufis valde distat. Supra viridis, elytris ob- scurioribus, sericeo-pubescens. Caput obsoletissime punctulatum, impressionibus frontalibus modice profundis: labrum brevissi- mum, medio late emarginatum. Antenna fuscae, articulis 3 rufis. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice an- 438 Catalogue nf the Geodephagous Coleoplera. gustatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, pone medium obsolete sinu- atus, basi utrinquo leviter oblique truncatus, angulis posticis fere rectis : disco vix convexus, margine tenuissimo diaphano, punc- tatus ; impressionibus transversis indistinctis, linea longitudinali uti'inijtie abbreviata, basalibus non profundis, extrorsum leviter concavis, ante medium prolongatis. Ehjtra thorace fere sesqui latiora, striato-punctata, interstitiis planis, obsoletissime puncta- tis, margine apicali rufescente. Subtus niger, pedes cum coxis ferruginei. 25. i m D U n C t i f r O n S . Saw Trans. A. P. S. II. Habitat in provinciis mediis et occidentalibus minus fre- quens. 26. tomentoSUS. Say. ibid. (Epomis) ; Dej. Sp. Gen. luctuOSUS. Germar. Ins. Nov. ( Amara.) Habitat ubi- que. 87. niger. Randall. Bost. J. N. H. II. e X aratus. Dej. Cat. Habitat in provinciis mediis mi- nus frequens. 28. emarginatus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II : Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique. 29. pu sil J US. Say. ibid. elegantuluS. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique sat frequens. ATRANUS. gen. nov. Corpus alatum, elongatum, gracile, leviter pubescens. Caput elongatum, subrhomboideum. Mandiiiul*: prominulae acuta?. Maxilla intus ciliatas. Lahkum quadratum, latitudine paulo brevius, planum. Mentum leviter concavum, emarginatum, basi emarginationis recta ; lateribus rectis, obliquis, angulis anticis suba- cutis. t « — priv. et tj«»oc — per»picuu«. Catalogue of the Geodephagout Coleoplera. 439 Palpi elongati, tenues, articulo ultimo praecedentem aequante, levissime fusiformi, apice vix truncate Antennae capite thoraceque paulo longiores, tenues, articulo 3 10 sequenles aequante, 2 nd0 duplo breviore. Ocun vix prominuli. Thorax latitudine paulo longior, postice leviter angustatus, an- gulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis. Pedes mediocres. Tarsi antici i ( I ii n i . LeC. Bost. J. N. H. V. pi. 18. Habitat ad flumen Yellow-stone ; a Dom. J. J. Audubon amice datum. 7. obsoletum. Say. J. A. N. Sc. III. lux a tum. Dej. Sp. Gen. II. Habitat cum priore. 8. t r i S t e . LeC. Bost. J. N. H. V. pi. 18. Habitat cum piioribus, etiam a Dom. Audubon datum. Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 447 NEBRIA. Latr. HELOBIA. Leach. Kirby. 1. p a 1 1 i p e S . Say. Trans. A. P. S. II : Dej. Sp. Gen. castanipes. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. Habitat in pi ovin- vinciis mediis, borealibus, et occidentalibus. OMOPHRON. Latr. SCOLYTUS. Fabr. 1. t ess datum . Say. J. A. N. Sc. III. Lecontei. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinces mediis et occidentalibus. * maculis viridibus. /8 maculis obscure cyaneis. 2. amcricanum. Dej. Sp. Gen. labiatum. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. Sayi. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. Habitat in provinciis mediis et occidentalibus frequens. 3. labiatum. Fabr. Syst. El.: Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis australibus et NovEboraci. 4. *nitidum. Viridi-ancum nitidum, thorace marginibus punctato, lateribus argenteo-marginato, elytris tenuiter striatis, seriatim foveatis,. apice lavibus, ir.argine tenui, naculisquc 3 marginalibus, antennit, jialpis pcdibusque 2>allidis. Long. - 23, lat. '1.5. Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi, et in provinciis occiden- talibus minus frequens. Hemispheericum, viridiaeneum, per-nitidum. Caput postice sparse punctatum, naso, labro, mandibulisque obscure testaoeu. Thorax basi trisinuatus, medio subangulato, maiginilms omni- bus late disperse punctatis, disco plaga brevi, lata, fere laevi ; lateribus angusto argenteo-marginatis. E ytra mnrgine tenui, mox pone humeros triangulariter dilatata, fascia pone mi'dium obliqua introrsum valde abbreviata, maculaque apicali testuceo- 448 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coltoptcra. pallidis ; colore viridiaeneo ad suturam non abbreviato ; grosse seriatim punctata, punctis striis longitudinalibus tenuissimis con- junctis. Subtus nigrum, epipleuris, palpis, antennis, pedibusquo pallidis. BLETHISA. Bonelli. 1. qu adr i coll is. Hald. Proc. A. N. S. III. Specimen ad Lacum Superiorem inventum, a Dom. Haldeman amicissime datum. Habitat quoque ad Boston pro- vincise Massachusetts. Mus. Harris. ELAPHRUS. Fabr. 1. Clairvillei. Khby. F. B. A. IV. fit liginOSUS? Say. Trans. A. P. S. IV. a mericanus? Dcj. Sp. Gen. (Spec, minus.) Habitat in provinciis mediis et occidentalibus rarissime. 2. CICatricOSUS. Obsc?tre aneus, capitc jmnctato, inter oculos sub-elevato, impressoque ; thorace grosse, sub- confluenter punctato, imprcssionibus jduribus ; ehjtrit foveis ocellatis subpurpureis, interstiths nitidis, parce punctatis. Long. -35, lat. -15. Specimen unicum e provinciaj Nov Eboraci medio. Praecedenti simillimus, at thorace irregulariter impresso, gros- sius punctato, elytrorumque interstitiis fere laivibus valde differt. Suhclongatus, obscure aencus, supra nigro-a?neus. Caput punc- tatum, plaga parva laavi utrinque pone oculos ; inter oculos linea arcuata minus profunda, foveaque oblonga notatum. Thorax capite cum oculis angustior, latitudine non brevior, lateribus an- tice rotundatus, pone medium valde contractus, sinuatusque, angulis posticis rectis, acutis; disco sparse grosseque punctatus, hie illic densius: linea longitudinali nulla; antice postic eque longitudinaliter elevatus, fovea oblonga utrinque ante medium et prope basin, punctisque duobus ad medium approximatis, fovea utrinque basali, duobusque vel tribus utrinque versus latera. Catalogue of the Gcodephagmis Coleoptera. 449 Elytra fovois purpureis, magnis, ocellatis (i)onnullis antice cmar- ginatis) medio punctatis, serie quadruplici impressis; intcrstitiis nitidis, fere kevibus, punctis paucis sparsis. 3. intermedins. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. Specimen prope Long's Peak inveni ; sequente duplo major, thora- ceque multo latiore. 4. ruscarius. Say. Trans. A. P. S. IV. riparillS. Say. ibid. II.: Dej. Sp. Gen. Sequenti simil- limns, at thorace postice magis subito constricto, impressione transversa anteriore profunda, ad mar- ginem lateralem extendenle, foveisque elytralibus profuildii satis distinctus. Cum speciminibus Euro- paeis accurate comparatus, longo differt. Habitat ubique. 5. * si IT1 i 1 i S • Brunneo-amcus, pi/nctaiktsimus, thorace postice retracto, lateribus sinuato, impressione trasnecrsa an- teriore minus profunda, disco ulrinque medio leeiler fovcato: elytris foveis rotundatis minus impressis, plagaque qvadrata lavigjata. Long. -24, hit. -10. Habitat ad Long's Peak. Pra?cedenti simillimus, at colore minus obscuro, thorace pos- tice minus constricto, angulis rectis, minus divaricatis, impres- fiionibus minus prof'undis : elytris minus convexis, foveis vix purpureis, puncto elevato (sicut in pra?cedente), multo minus notaries intefcatitiis vix elevatis, punctatissimis, plaga solum una, quadrata, laevigata inter foveas gndam ( >t :}i»«i ad suturam. Subtus viridiii-ueus, dense puiictalus, femoribus basi, tibiis tursisque fer- rugineis. NOTIOPHILUS. Dnmeril. 1. COnfllSUS. Nigro-trr/ciis, pcniilidiis, capi'e inter oculos 1-striaio, thorace impression! bus basalibus modice •profundi*, elytris striis 7, cum sutural marg'nia'ique punctatts, /'<■/(■ integris, pu.net tque knpresso, antenna- rum basi rufopieeo. Long. -19. Habitat ubique. 450 Catalogue of the Geodcjrftagous Colcoptaa. A N. biguttato Euro pas stria submarginali non obliterata.rnar-- ginaliqiie postice punctata valde distinctus. Nigro-sencus, pcrnitidus. Caj'iitaute oculos striolis brevibus, puoctisque 4 impressum : inter oculos 7-striatum, striis externis paulo profundioribus, interstitiis angustis, rectis. Thorax fere planus, postice modice retractus, marginibus omnibus disperse punclatis, deusius versus angulos anlicos ; impressionibus basali- bus modice profundis, non acute impressis. Elytra stria sutu- rali, 7 extends, marginalique punctatis, striis postice parum abbreviatis, suturali, l ma t,l que p.)stice profundioribus : puncto utrinque inter 2" dam et 3 ialn ante medium. Subtus niger, tibiis anticis j)icescentibus. 2. S C m i S t r i a t U S . Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. Habitat ubique Praecedenti affinis, at minor, striis l ma , 2 nda , 7 ma que postice obliterans ; antenuis concoloribus, nigris. Caput striis brevio- ribus, minus profundis, alteraque postice inter externas duas. 3. * 0-St r i a t U S. Long. -18. Habitat in provinciis aiiftra- libus, et mediis. N. scmistriato omnino similis ; dif- fert tantum capite inter oculos 9-striato, striis externis profundioribus, alteraque breviore utrinque inter 1"""" et 2 niilm medio late interrupta. 4. porrectllS. Say* Trans. A. P. S. IV. Habitat NovEbo- raci. Capite 7-striafo, striis externis multo profundi- oribus a reliquis magis rcmotis, striola antica, alte- raque medio late interrupta inter duas externas. Elytra sicut in pijecedentibus duobus : antenni?, palpis podibusque rufo-testaceis valde distinctus. SPECIES MIIII IGNOTvE. Cychrus Andrewsii. Harris. Bost. J. N. IT. Car ah US Carol in US. Fabr. Syst. EI. (An species recto Americana ?) B c a u v o i s i i . Dej. Sp. Gen. L h e r m i n i e r i . Dej. ibid. Catalogue of ike Gcodcphagous Colcoplera. 451 E 1 a p h r u s o b s c u r i o r . Kitty. F. B. A. Sub. Fam. V. — 'Bembidiides. — Wcstwood. SubidipalpL — Latr. Dej. BEMBIDIUM. Latr. Caput fronte utrinque striate). Mentum dente bifido. Elytra stria scutellari distincta, suturali postice non rccurvata. Tarsi antici $ articulo l mo longitudine reliquis conjunctis eequante. 1. S i g i 1 1 a r e . Say. Trans. A. P. S. IV. S t i g ni(ltic um . Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis jnediis. 2. impressum. Fabr. Syst. El.: Dej. loc. cit.. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. 3. paludosum. Panzer: Dej. Sp. Gen: Icon. IV. tab. 211. lit t ovale. OH v. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. Al) individuis Europ;eis maculis elytralibus subcupreis major* ibus, plagam magnam ad striam 3 mn extendentem formantibus, a Dom. Zimmerman diferre dicitur haec species. Speciminibus tamen plurimis accurate cxaminatis, macuke magnitudinis varia- bilis videntur, nunc discretae, nunc confluentes ; semper tamen interstitium G tui " mactilam longam nitidum ad medium liabet. Specimina necnon Europts pariter variant. (Conf. Dej. Sp. V. 80.) 4. * 1 a C U S t r e . JEncum, thoracc quadrato, lutcribus leviter sinua/o, eli/tris striata punctat's, subtilissime granulal 'is intcrstitiis 4'° 6 to que immaculatis, b' u ,V""qae macula parva. nitida: 3'" Jovcis quadrat is duabus imprcssis. Long. *81. Habitat ad Lacum Supcriorcm. Precedent, simillimum, thoracc postice magis sinuato, elytris profundius striato-punctatis, versus basin minus clevatis, inter- 45a Catalogue of the Gcodrphagous Co'eoptera. stitio 4<° 6'°que immaculatis, antennarumque articulis 2 rufis dis- tinctum. JEneum. Caput sicut in B. paludoso. Thorax latitudinc paulo brevior, lateribus ante medium rotundatus, pono medium sinuatus, angulis postiris acutis, antico obsolete angustatus, pos- ticc vix retractus, basi utrinque valde obliqua : subtiliter rugo- sus, antice posticeque striatus, disco modico convexus ; impres- sionibus transversis distinctis, posteriore profunda, linea longitu- dinali profunda utrinque abbrcviaia, basalibus profundis. Elytra profundius striato-punctata, interstitiis leviter convexis, duobus primis violaceo-nitidis, apice granulatis, 3 io nitido, foveis 2 quad- ratis, granulatis, utraque puncto antico notata; 4 t0 G to que imma- culatis, granulatis, 5'" macula parva nitida ad medium, ?'"° macula parva ad trientem secundum; stria 4"' sicut in praece- dente sinuata. Subtus aeneus, pemitidus, femorum basi, tibiis tarsisque rufis. 5. in ae quale. Say. J. A. N. S. III. arenarium. Dej. Sp. Gen. V. 8 1. Habitat in Penn- sylvania, et ad Rocky Mountains: a prascedentibus thorace latitudino non breviore valde distinctum. Elytra profundo striato-punctata sunt, et interstitium 4 lura maculam nitidam ad medium habet, maculis re- liquis sicut in B. lacustri. ODONT1UM. gen.nov. Mentum dente longissimo, convexo, subobtuso. Reliquis sicut in Bembidio. 1. COXendix. Say. J. A. C. III. Habitat ad Rocky Moun- tains. Sequenti simillimum, at thorace latitudine plus sesqui breviore lateribus valde rotundato, pos- tice profundius sinuato, retractoque ; elytrorum disco non testaceo, femoribusque piceis facile dignoscen- dum. 2. n i t i d u 1 u m . Dej. Sp. Gen. V. 84. COXendix. Say. Trans. A. P. S. IV. Habitat ubique. Catalogue of the Geodepliagous Coleoptera. 453 HYDRIUM. Zim. MSS. Caput fronte utrinque striate Mentum dente valde dislincte bifido. Elytra striis postice abbreviatis, scutellari distincta. Tarsi antici $ articulo l mo valde dilatato, rcliquis tamen bre- viore. 1. laevigatum. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II.: Dej. Sp. Gen. (Leja.) Habitat ubique, frequentius in provinces occidentalibus. In speciminibus bene conservatis, e seriebus punctorura interstilialibus seta? distinctas brunneae oriuntur. OCHTHEDROMUS. Zimmerman. MSS. Caput fronte utrinque striate, vel raro bistriato. Mentum dente simplici, apice rotundato plerisque. Thorax postice truncatus. Elytra stria suturali postice non incurvata, scutellari distincta. Genera Megerliana Notephum, Peryphum, Lejam et Lopliam, cum speciubus aliis intermediis continens. A. Elytris striis externis integris. § 1. Elytris immaculatis : interstitio 3 10 ad striam 3 iom bipunc- tato. 1. americanus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique usque ad Rocky Mountains. 2. *salebratUS. JEncus, nitidus, thorace quadrato, latcri- bus obsolete sinuato, postice vix retracto, impressions transversa posteriore profunda, elytris profundi stria- to-punctatis, punctisque 2 intpressis ; antennarum basi, piedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. - 16. Habitat ad LaPointe Lacus Superioris. Forma fere O. antiqui (t)ej.) at duplo minor, thorace latiore, postice vix angustato. iEneus, nigricans, nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus 454 Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Colcoptera. longis rectis, profundis. Antenna piceae, basi rufo-piceSB, vel rufre. Palpi rufi. Thorax capite latior, latitudine sesqui bre- vior, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus paulo rotundatis, pone medium obsolete sinuatis, parum retractis, basi utrinque obliquo, angulis posticis obtusis, minime rotundatis : linea longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata, impressiono transversa posteriore profunda, medio angulata, basalibus parvis, profundis, punctoque impresso ad angulmn. Elytra tborace sesqui latiora, lcviter con- vexa, striis antice valde profunde punctatis, postice tavibus, l ma , 2da ( 7mn j 8™quo postice profundioribus. Subtus niger, vix eeneus, pedibus rufo-piceis. 3. *purpurasCCns. Niger vix aneus, thorace quadrato, postice vix angustato, imprcssione transversa posteriore profunda; elytris rvfo-purpureis, profunde striato- punctatis, punctisque 2 impressis ; untennarum basi pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -17. Habitat ad La- cum Sabulosam prope Mississippi scaturigines. Niger vix aeneus, subdepressus. Caput impressionibus fron- talibus longis, rectis, profundis. Thorax capite sesqui lalior, latitudine sesqui brevier, antice leviter emarginatus, basi rotun- datus, lateribus antice rotundatis, postice vix angustatus, angulis posticis obtusis, non rotundatis; linea longitudinali vel integra, vel utrinque abbreviata, impressiono transversa posteriore pro- funda, basalibus duplicibus, punctiformibus, basi versus angu- los obsolete rugose punctata. Elytra planiuscula, rufo-purpurea, tborace sesqui latiora, striis profunde punctatis, postice laevibus : l m " 7 ,U!1 que ad apicem paulo profundioribus. Subtus niger, pe- dibus rufo-piceis. Variat striis elytroium aureo-micantibus. 4. basal IS. JEncus, nitidus, subdepressus, thorace quadrato, lateribus subsinuato, postice paulo retracto, imjrressio- nibus transversis profundis : elytris profunde striato- punctatis, punctisque 2 impressis : anlcnnarum articu- lo l n, °, 2'edibusque rufis. Long. -23. Habitat in provinces mediis. Sequentibus 3 similis, at thoracis forma facile distinctus. Catalogue of the Geodepkagous Culeoptcra. 455 Bembidium honestum 1 Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. JEneus, nltidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus longis, rec- tis, profundis. Antenna articulo 1"'° rufo, palpi basi rufi. Tho rax capito latior, latitudino vix sesqui brevior, apice fere trunca- tus, basi utrinquo obliqua, lateribus paulo rotundatus, pone medium vix sinuatis, ad basin paulo retractis, angulis posticis rectis, pvominulis: linealongitudinali tenui, utrinque abbreviate; impressionibus transversis profundis, leviter arcuatis, basali utrinquo parva, leviter rugosa. Elytra thorace plus sesqui latiora, planiuscula, profunde striato-punctata, striis ad apicem lacvibus. Subtus nigro-virescens, pedibus laete rufo-piceis. Variat chalybeus. 5. *dilatatUS. JEneus, nitidus, depressus, thorace lateribus valde rotundatis, postice sinuatis, valde retractis, im- 2>ressionc posteriore profunda, el ijtris striato-punctatis, punclisque 2 in^ressis : antcnnarum articulo l m ° pe- dibusque rufis. Long. -23. Habitat ad Colum- bian!, Pa. Pracedente paulo major, et magis depressus : elytra quam in sequent ibus duobus minus profunde striata sunt. yEneus, depressus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus profun- dis, longis, leviter sinuatis. Thorax capite latior, latitudine duplo brevior, antice fere truncatus, basi utrinque obliquo ; late- ribus valde rotundatus, versus basin valde retractns, breviterque sinuatus, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis; linealongitu- dinali utrinque abbreviata, impressionibus transversis distiuctis, posteriore profunda, basajibus parvis, profundis. Elytra tboraco vix sesqui latiora, striato-punctata, striis postice levioribus, im- punctatisque, inteistitiis planis. Subtus nigro-virescens, pedibus laete rufo-piceis. C. antiqUUS. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis et ad Lacuna Superiorem. 7 chalccus. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinciis mediis minus frequens ; thorace convcxiore, postice magis subito retracto, impressione transversa anteriore fere nulla facile dignoscendus. 456 Catalogue of the Gcodepliagous Culeoptera. 8. *pJanatus. E'ongatus, vaf.de depressns, nigro-aneus, tho- race quadrate, postice vix retracto, angulis posticis rectis, impressionibus transversis profunda; ehjtris tenuiter striato-punctalis, punctisque 2 impressis, stria 5<" apice exarata. Long. -3. Abundat ad Lacura Superiorem Augusto. Magnus in hoc genere : elongatus, valdo depressus, nigro- asneus. Caput impressionibus front'alibus longis, rectis, extus ieviter curvatis. Thorax quadratus, lalitudine paulo brevior, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus vix rotundatus, postice sub- sinuatus, paulo angustatus, angulis posticis rectis, minime rotun- datis; linea longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata, impressio- nibus transversis profundis, anteriore angulata; basalibus latis, rugosis, bistriatis, carina brevi externa acuta. Elytra thorace vix sesqui latiora, elongata, plana, parum nitida, tenuiter striato- punctata, stria 5'a postice obsolete sinuata, profunde exarata. Tibia picescentes. 9. J O n g U 1 U S . Elongatus depressus, niger, thorace quadrato, lateribus rotundato, postice Ieviter angustato, impres- stone transversa posteriorc basa/ibusque profundis, el i/l r is subaneis, profunde striato-punctatis, punctisque 2 impressis: striis 4'" 5'" 6>"que apice subobsoletis. Long. -15. Habitat ad Aquilas Tortum Lacus Su- perioris. Habitus fere Dromii americapi, elongatus, valde depressus, niger, nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus rectis, profundis. Thorax capite latior, lalitudine sesqui brevior, apice basique truncatus, lateribus antice lotundatis, pone medium fere rectis, Ieviter retractis, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis; disco Ieviter convexus; linea longitudinali antice abbreviata, impres- sione transversa anteriore tenui, margini approximata, arcuata, posteriore profunda, fere recta, basalibus profundis, duplicibus, carina externa brevi, acuta. Elytra subecnea, tborace vix sesqui latiora, elongata, plana, apice rotundatosubtruncata, profunde striato-punctata, striis postice impunctatis, 4'", 5«", 6'»que versus apicem subobsoletis, 7™" postice profundiore. Catalogue of the Gcodephagous Coleoptera. 457 10. *SubacncilS. Nigroceneus, thoracc lateribus rotundato, postice levltcr retracto, impressionibus transvcrsis ba- salibusque profundis, chjtris valde profunde striato- punctatis, punctisque 2 imprcssis ; slriis 4 ta , 5* a , 6 ,a que apice suboblitcralis. Long. 15. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. Statura omnino O. salebrati, at pedibus nigris ; thoracis forma praecedentem refert, a quo corpore minus depresso, elytrisque profundius striatis distinctus. Nigro-aneus, pernitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus profundis, reclis. Thorax capite latior, latitudine sesqui bre- vior, utrinque truncatus, lateribus ante medium modice rotun- datis, pone medium fere rectis, retractis, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis; disco subconvexus; linea longitudinal! profunda, antice abbreviata, impressionibus transversis profundis, anterioro arcuata, a margine remota, basalibus profundis, rugosis, bistriatis, carina externa brevi, minus conspicua. Elytra thorace sesqui latiora, modice convexa, striata, striis valde punctatis, postice laevibus, 4 ta 5 ta , 6 ta que postice subobsoletis, suturali, 2 ntla , 7 mtt que versus apicem profundis. Intermedius videtur inter sectionem banc et §2. B. tt. (Sp. 39, et 40.) tt Elytris maculis variis fasciiformibus, testaceis ; interstitio 3'" bipunctato ; tborace basi bistriato, carinatoque. — Notaphus. Meg. 11. *COrdatUS. Depressus, ancus, thorace lateribus valde rotundato, postice valde coarctato ; elytris fasciis duabus, apiceque testaceis ; striis basi leviter punc- tatis, inlerstitiis plants; anlcnnarum basi epipleuris pedibusque rufo-te.slaccis. Long. -25. Habitat Nov- Eboraci minus froquens. Sequentibns plus duplo major, valdo depressus, asneus, minus nitidus. Caput latum, antice acuturn, impressionibus frontalibus non profundis, loviter obliquis. Antennae capite thoraceque paulo lon rufo-piceo. Thorax capite paulo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, apice basique truncatus, later- Catalogue of the Geodcphagous Coleoptcra. 461 ibus valde rotundatis, postico retractis, subsinuatis; latitudine basali apicali minora; disco convexus; linoa longitudinali antice abbreviata, impressionibus transversis profundis, basalibus parvis rugosis, bistriatis, carina distincta. Elytra tborace paulu latiora, elongata, elliptica, subconvexa, nigro-picea, usque ad medium testaceo-nebulosa, pone medium fascia curvata ad suturam ex- tendente, maculaque parva apicali testaceis ; profunde striato- punctata, 6triis postice paulo levioribus, et minus distincte punctatis, interstitiis ad basin levissime convexis. Subtus niger epipleuris fuscescentibus, pedibus dilute piceo-testaceis. 20. * p i C t U S . Niger, capite tkoraceque nitidissimis, hoc convexo, subcordato, basi ?ninus distincte bistriato, elytris pro- funde strialo.punctatis, sir lis externis ad apicem obli- icralis ; versus basin late teslacco-ncbulosis, fascia obliqua pone medium, apicc, epipleuris, aniennarum basi, pedibusque testaceis. Long. '10. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Statura sequentis, sed tborace convexiore, lateribus magis sinuatis distinctus. Niger, obscure aeneus. Caput oblique valde profunde striatum. Antenna basi rufae. Thorax capite vix latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, utrinque truncatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, pone medium valde retractus, (latitudine basali apicali sesqui minora,} sinuatus, angulis posticis rectis prominulis; disco convexus, linea longitudinali antice abbreviata, impressionibus transversis pro- fundis, basalibus parvis, profundis, rugosis, minus distincte bi- striatis ; carina brevissima. E'ytra fere elliptica, tborace vix latiora, convexa, profunde striato-punctata, striis externis postice obliterans, 7 ma ad apicem paulo profundiore; nigro-picea ante medium testacea, macula bumoiali, suturaque nigro-piceis, fascia obliqua pone medium ad striam 3 iam extendente, apiceque tes- taceis. Subtus niger, epipleuris pedibusque testaceis. a. Elytra testacea, macula communi pone medium ephippiata, ramoque obliquo ad marginem extendente nigro-piceis. p. Elytra nigro-picea, ante medium obsolete testaceo-nebu- losis, maculis pono medium solitis. 402 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Cojcoptera. y. Elytra nigra, fascia obliqua, brevi, postica. 21. versicolor. VariegatllS. Kirby. F. B. H. IV. (Notaplius). Abun- dat at Lacum Superiorem. Propter O. variegatum Sayi, supra citatum, nomen mutavi. Prjecedenti similis, sccl thorace minus convexo, lateribus ob- solete sinuato, angulis posticis vix rectis, impressionibus basalibus latioribus, carina distinction, dilf'ert. 22. Contractus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. Habitat Nov- Eboraci minus frequens ; a sequenti tborace con- vexiore, impressionibus basalibus brevioribus, carina nulla, epipleurisque nigris satis distinctus. 23. constrictus. contractus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat ad maris oras A Sayo cum praecedente confusus ; diffeit tamen tho- race paulo minus convexo, impressionibus basalibus paulo longioribus, c'arinaque externa brevissimu vix conspicua; elytris margino, cpipluui isquo pallidis. 13. Elytris striis postico obliteratis. §1. Tliorace basi valde constricto, unistriato. Lopha Meg. 24. a f f i 11 i S . Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. decipiens. Dcj. Sp. Gen. Abundat ubique. 25. quadrimaculatus: Linne\Syst.Nat.: Dej. Sp. Gen, Opp O sit U S . Say. Trans. A. P. II. Habitat ubique. 26. frontalis. Parvus, niger nitidus; capite ■ u!riiu/ue bi stri- ata, thorace valde corda'.o, antics postkeaue grosae punt- talo, elytris punetato-striatis, striis pbstice obliteratis, macula ante apiccm, apics, antemarum basi, pedibus- que testaoeis. Long. -09. Habitat ad Detroit, minus frequens. Praredente plus duplo minor, niger, pernitdus, obsolete a-neus. Antenna* fuscae basi testacea>. Caput utiinque profunda oblique Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptera. 4G3 bistriatum, stria extcri.»re lata, postico abbreviata, interiore lon- ga. Thorax cnpite vix latior, latitudine paulo breviore, postice valde angustatus, angulis posticis rectis promiuuHs; convexus; impressionibus transversis e punclis grossis constitutis, linea longitudinali fere obsoleta, basalibus parvis, profundis, carina externa brevissima notatis. Elytra thorace duplo latiora, amice lcviter angustata, convexa, punctato-striata, striis postice oblite- ratis, macula rotundata ante apicem, apiceque testaceis. Subtus niger, pedibus dilute testaceis. §2. Tlioracc postice plus minusve retracto, nonunquam fere quadrato, basi utrinque bistriato ; elytris bipunctatis. t Capite utrinquo profundo bistriato. 27. SlllcatllS. Nigro-virescens, pcrnitidus, capite utrinque profundi: bistriato, thorace postice. modicc retracto, lc teribus vix sinuatis; elytris striafo-punctatis, macula an'.e apicem, apice, anlennarum basi, pedibusque testa* ccis. Long. - 12. Habitat ad Lactim Superiovem. Statura gracilis. Nigro-virescens, pcrnitidus. Caput utrinque profunda longeque bistriatum, si ria exteriorc latiore. Antenna piceae basi rufo-piceas. Thorax capite latior, latitudine sesqui brevier, subquadratus, postice modice angustatus, utrinque trun- catus, lateribua rotundatis pone medium subsinualis, angulis posticis rectis; disco paulo convexus; linea longiludinali sub- integra, imprcssionibus transversis distinctis, basalibus latin minus distincto bistriatis, carina externa valde distincta. Ehjtra thorace latiora, convexiuscula, striato-punctata, striis versus api- cem obliterans, externis levioribus, l nK1 & 2 ndlv fere integris, 7' nn vix distincta, interstitiis ad basin lcviter convexis ; macula ante apicem, margiriem non attingonte, apiceque testaceis. Subtus niger, pedibus testaceis. 28. * t F G p i <1 U S . Nigro-virescens, pcrnitidus, capite utrinque prof undo bistriato, thorace postice leviter ret ibus vix sinuate- ; elytris punctatp-striatis, inieretUiia planissimis, striis a/l apicem obliterates, externis levior- 464 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. ibus ; macula ante apicem, apice, antennarum basi pedibusque teslaceis. Long. '12. Specimen unicum ad Lacum Superiorem inventum. Pracedenti simillimus, sed elytris punctato-sfxiatis, interstitiis planissimis distinctus videtur. 1 1 Capite utrinque unistriato. a. Corpus gracile. Pervimius Meg. 29. *cautus. Aler, pcrnitidus, thorace convexo, levilcr cordalo, basi bislriato, angiitis posticis prominulis ; elytris pro- funda strialo-punctatis, macula parca postica apiceque jlavo-lcstaceis ; antennarum basi pedibusque diluUus rufo.piceis. Long. -12. Specimen unicum ad Rocky Mountains lectum. Ater, pernitidus; caput impressionc frontali valde profunda , longa, obliqua. Antenna corporis dimidiurn longitudinc requan- tes, basi rufo-picea3. Thorax cordatus, capite uon latior, utrinqua truncatus, lateribua rotundatis, pone medium sinuatis modiceque retractis, angulis posticis rectis, prominulis; linea longitudinal! utrinque abbreviata, improssionibus transversis profundis, basal* ibus profundis, rugosis, obsolete punctatis, bistriatis, caiina dis- tincta. Elytra thorace sesqui Iatiora, elongata, fere olliptica, convexa, profunde striato-punctata, striis versus apicem oblite- rans, 7"» l ad medium extendente, interstitiis antice leviter con- vexis, 3'° prof'undius bipunctato : nigro-picea, macula parva rotundata ante apicem, apiceque flavo-testaceis. Subtus niger, pedibus dilutius rufo-piceis. 30. ' g el 1 d U S . Elongatus, capile thoraceque nigro-viridibus, hoc cordalo, postice coarclalo, impre sio.iibus basdlibus raldc profundis, obsolete punctatis ; chf.rh piceis, niti- dis, ad basin infuscatis, macula ante apicem rufo-tes- tacea, strialo-punctalis ; antennarum basi pedibitsque rufo-tes.'accis. Long. 17. Abundat ad Lacum Su- periorem. Catalogue of the Gcodcphagous Colcoptera. 465 Sequentibus angustior et minor. Caput nigro-viride, nitidum, impressionibus frontalibus obliquis, punctnque externo antico ulrinque. Antenna corporis dimidio paulo longiores, piceie, basi rufo-testaceae. Thorax longitudino non latior, cordatus, lateribug valde rotundalis, pone medium sinuatis, retractisque, nnn-ulis posticis rectis ; convexus, nigro-viridis ; linea longitudinal] inte- gra, impressione transversa anteriore nonnunquam geminata, parte anteriore profunda; basalibus valde profundis, obsolete punctatis, stria exteriore vix conspicua, carina distincta. Elytra tliorace sesqui latiora, elongata, dorso minus convexa, profundo striato-punctata, striis (extends brevioribus) ad apicem oblite- ratis, 7 ma ad medium extendente, dein obsoleta, ad apicem bre- viter exarata; picea, nonnunquam viridiajneo-micantia, versus basin dilutiora, macula obliqua, descendente, ante apicem ob- scure testacea;. Subtus nigcr, pedibus rufo testaceis. 31. p i C 1 p e S . Kirby. P. B. A. IV. (Perypbus). Habitat Nov- Eboraci et ad Lacum Superiorem. Variat pedibus rufo-testaceis. 32. tctracolum. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. rupicola. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. (Perypbus). rupestris. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique; sequenti simillimus, sed tliorace latitudine plus sesqui bre- viore, lateribus magis rotundatis, epipleurisque nigris distinctus videtur. 33. *substrictus. Perniti&us, capita thoraceqve riridia-ncis, hoc cordato, post.ice modice rctracto, lateribus levifcr sinuatis, basi punctata, elytris piecis, profunda striata- punctatis, macula minus dislincta ad lasin, ollrmque oblique descendente ante apicem flaco.tes/acci.t ; epipletB- ris, antenntirum basi. pcdibusqitc rufis. Long. -'24. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. Praecedenlem valde refert, sed tliorace latitudine sesqui bre- viore, lateribus modice rotundatis, epipleurisque brunneo-rufis dignoscendus. 4GG Catalogue of Ike Gcodephagous Coleoptera. 34 *lucidUS. Pernitiilus, capile thoraccquc. viridiirncis splen- didi.s, hoc hilitudinc, plus srsqui brcviore, laleribus rotunda/is, posiice brcvilcr sinutitis, bast sublilUcr punc- tata; elytris slriato-punctalis, inters! it i is plants, nigris, mdcula humerdli alleraque ohliqua ante apiccm Jlavo- testaceis; antenhar&m basi, epipleuHs pedibusque rujis. Long. -21. Habitat, ad Lacum Superiorem. A preecedentlbuB duobus thorace posticc minus simiato, re- traotQque, elytris planioribus, minus profunda striato-punctatis, interMidia planis distinctus. Variat elytris rufo-piceis, maculia sicut supra. 35. post 1' emus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. S C op U I i 11 U S . Kirby. F. B. A. IV. Habitat NovEboraci minus frequens. 36. bimac U latUS. Kirby. lac. cit. Specimen unicum ad Rocky Mountains inventum. 37 * n e 1' S I) i C HU S . Depress iusculus, nigro-vircscens, thorace ij ii ail \ratO, posticc modicc augustato, vix sinuato, angii- tis' post iris subrectis, ba\i punctata; clytris tcstaccis, nebula magna pane medium, macula que subapicali fasciitis, antiiiiKirum basi, pedibusque testaccis, ab- (lominc rnfo piceo. Long. -28. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Si alma sequentis, thorace latitudjne seaqui breviore, minus convexo, angulis posticis subrectis, basi subtilitor punctato, impressionibus basalibus parum profundia, carina externa bre- vissiuia fere obsoleta, elytris testaceis, abdomino rufo-picco distinctus. 3S. transversal is. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem sat frequens. Thorace distinctius margihuto, basi impunctato, impressione transversa posteriore, basalibusque profundia, angulis posticia obtnsis non rotundatis, carina externa nulla., elytris nigris, vel p'tceis, macula bumerali, subapicalique obliqua, magnis testaceis, Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptera. 467 interstitiis leviter convexis, stria 7 ma obliterata, epipleurisque nigris facile dignoscendus. Variat colore testaceo mngis diffuso, basin tolam elytrorum occupanto, et partem epipleurarum superiorem attingente. 39. planus. Hald. Proc. Ac. N. S. I. 303. Depressus, niger, nitidissimus, cceruleo-micans, tllorace quadrato, postiee leviter angustata, angiitis pdsHcis subrectis, impression- ibus basalibus la/is, minus distincte bistniatis, rvgosis, carina nulla; elytris si rial is, slriis obsolete jmnctatis, 5 primis fere integris, exlernis lerioribus, G'" basi dis- tineta, postiee valde abhrcviala, i ma omnino obliterata; sutura postiee picescente, ante una nun. bast pedibusque tcstaceis. Long. -21. Habitat NovEtioraci et ad La- cum Superiorem. 40. * f U ** a X . Elongalus vald,e depressus, thoraee quadrato, lati- tudine plus sgsqui brcviots, postiee leviter angustato, angulisjf s/iris rectis, basalibus subrugosis; elytris prafunde s/riato-punrta'is; stria 7""* pone medium obliterata; antenna rum basi pedibusque rufa-testaeeis. Long. -23. Habitat in Illinois, a Dura. Willcox benevole ilatus. Forma fere O. planati supra descripti, sed duplo minor, et elytris profundi' striato-punctatis, pedibusque rufis valde dilfert. Elorigatus valde depressus, niger nitidissimus, coeruleo-raicans. Caput utvinque profunde oblique sulcatum. Antenna! fuecee, basi rufi-teslacea'. Thorax Iatjtudine plus ses. Gen. Habitus omnino T. incurvi, sed sesqui minor, et colore, thora- ciaque angulis posticis leviter obtusis facile' dislinctus. \\ Tliorace poatice retracto, angulis obtusis. 10. * O C C U 1 1 .11 S . Pallide rufo-piceus, thoracc convcxo, cordato, latitudine sesqui breviore, latcribus valde rotund, ito, postice retracto, angulis post cis valde ob usis non ro- tundatis, basi margina a, impressionifius basalibus fere nuJ/is : elytris convcxis, lativdinc sesqui longiori- bus, I mvissimis, punctis 2 subtilibus, stria sutnrali basin vix attingente, marginali late interrupta ; antennis Catalogue of the Geodcphagom Coleoptcra. 471 capitc tlwracequc non longioribus, cum pcdilus testa- ceis. Long. -08. Habitat, in Georgia. Corpore latiore, convexiorc, tboracisque forma vaUlc distinctus. B. Corpus subdepressum, elytris punctis nullis, thoracis angulis posticis subobtusis. T.uuyta Kirby. 11. inornatUS. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II.: Dej. Sp. Gen. picipCS. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. Abundat ubique. 12. f 1 a V i C a U d U S. Say : Dej. loc. cit. Cum prime inventus C. Corpus gracile; thorace minore, postice retrac- to, angulis obtusis, elytris ellipticis, elongatis. 13 *scitulus. Fldvo-tettaceus, capitc fotco, elytris strih 2 profundioribus, punctoque impresso, micanttbus, fax- cm transversa pone medium fusca. Long. '11, Ha- bitat ad Columbiana Pennsylvania. Species pulcherrima. Flavo-testaceus pernitidus, elytris mi- cantibus. ' Caput fusewn, fron,te nigro. Antenna corporis dimi- dium Longitudiue a-squantes, foscee, baai apiceque pallidas. Tho- rax capite a&qui latior, latitudine fore duplo brevior, basi trimca, tus.lat'eribus rotundatis, postice retractis, angulis posticis obtusis, non rotundatis: eonvexus, marginc pone medium reflexo J linea longitudinal! profunda, antice abbreviata, impreasione transversa posterior profunda, medio angulata.basalibus^otundatis. Elytra thorace plus sesqui latiora, elongata, antice non angustata, parutn convoxa, stria suturali Integra, postice longius recurvata, 2" postice abbreviata, reliquis fere obsoletis ; puncto majusculc- pilifero ad interstitium 4""» ante medium, alteraque prope api- com: stria marginal! antice valde abbreviata; flavo-testacea, fascia lata Integra pone medium fusca. Sabtus rufo-piceus, ano pedibusque testaceis. 14 . proximus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. Precedent! affinw. sed thorace piceo, elytris pallidioribus, macula dig- 472 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. coidali non fasciifbrmidignoscendus : elytra obsolete striata, stria suturali solum profundiore. Habitat ubique minus frequens. 15. * C O r 1* U S C u S • Piceus, nitidissimus, cazruleo-micans, tho- race latitudine sesqui breviore, postice retracto, basi utrinque obliquo, eli/tris stria suturali Integra, punc- toque magna impresso, antennarum basi palibusque testaceis. Long. -09. Habitat NovEboraci et ad Rocky Mountains. Praecedente sesqui minor, piceus, nitidissimus. Antenna cor- poris dimidium aequantes, basi apiceque testaceis. Thorax- latitudine sesqui brevior, lateribus rotundatus, postice leviter retractus, basi utrinque oblique truncata, medio leviter emargina- ta, angulis posticis valde obtusis; disco minus convexus, linea Iongjtudinali profunda, antice abbreviata, impressione transversa posteriore valde profunda, medio angulata.basalibus parvis, pro- funda. E'ytra tborace sesqui latiora, elongata, antice leviter angustata, dorso subconvexa, stria suturali profunda, basin non attingente, postice longius recurvata, reliquis obliterans; puncto magno pilifero ante medium, alteroque prope apicem ; stria mar- ginali ad medium, antice abbreviata, punctis 4 ad humerum. Pedes pallide testacei. 16. * S e q U a X . Elongalus, piceus, thorace convexo, latitudine fere dtiplo breviore, imprcssionibus transversis profun. dis, linea longitudinali vix dislincta, basi utrinque obli- qua ; elytris testaceis, antice leviter angustalis, convex- iusculis, obsolete striatis, stria suturali postice profunda, longius recurvata, punctoque magno impresso, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. -1. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. Prascedenti simillimus, sed angustior, et thorace impressione anteriore profunda, linea longitudinali fere nulla, elytrisque testaceis facile dignoscendus. 17. Iaevus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. troglodytes. Dej. Sp. Gen. Forma omnino T. cor- Catalogue of the Geodephagous Colcoptera. 473 rusci, sed quadruplo minor, elytrisque stria suturali solam distincta; disco subtiliter bipunctato. Habitat ubique. BLEMUS. Dej. 1. *aenescens. Elongatus depressus, pallide rufo-piceus, thorace quadrato, angulis posticis leviter obtusis, basi utrinque obliquo, ehjtris parallelis, jrianis, apice trun- catis, ceneo-micantibus, leviter striatis, striis exlernis obliteratis. Long. -09. Specimen unicum in Geor- gia inventum. Elongatus, depressus, pallide rufo-piceus, capite fusco. An- tenna testaceee. apice fuscse, corporis dimidio longiores, articulo 3 io sequentibus sesqui breviore. Thorax quadratus, latitudine sesqui brevior, lateribus leviter rotundatis, postice levissime an- gustatus, basi utrinque obliquo, angulis posticis obtusis leviter elevatis, non rotundatis; disco convexus ; linea longitudinah utrinque paulo abbreviata, impressionibus basalibus vix conspi- cuis. Elytra tborace sesqui latiora, latitudine triplo longiora, plana, fere parallela, antice leviter angustata, apice rotundato- truncata; striis 5 vel 6 modice distinctis, postice vix profundiori- bus, basin vix attingentibus ; stria marginali punctata, late mter- rupta. Subtus rufo-piceus, pedibus pallide testaceis. SPECIES MIHI IGNOTiE, VEL DUBI.dE. Bembidium punctato-striatum. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. intersectum. Germ. Ins. Nov. Peryphus sordidus. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. COncolor. Kirby. ibid. N otaphus nigripcs.. Kirby. loc. cit. intermedius. Kirby. ibid. p O S t i C U m . Hald. Proc. Ac. N. S. I. 303. 474 Catalogue of the Geotlcphagous Colcop'.era. L c j a s c m i s t r i a t a . Hald. ibid. T a c h y s ,f c r r u g i n c u s . Dej. Sp. Gen. (ad A. \. §4. per. tinet.) m i s e 1 1 U S . FerttS R. Z. 1811. (atl B. pertinet.) p 11 111 i 1 u S. Dej. Sp. Gen. (ad C. pertinet.) nigficepS. Dej. ibid, (vix hujus generis.) NOTE. In concluding (liis paper, which has extended far beyond the, limits which were originally proposed, the author regrets that some errors and a few omis- sions have unavoidably occurred. These will bo corrected in an Appendix, which will also contain descriptions of the new species received through the kindness of his scientific friends. To Dr. Zimmerman ho is indebted for some valuable sugges- tions respecting tho Dromii and Cymindis, which render necessary the establish- ment of some new generic groups. The characters of these will he briefly given in the Appendix. In the preceding paper particular attention has been given to the concordance of Say's and Dejean'a species, the names proposed by the former having much tho priority. It is hoped that through the extensive relations of exchange existing be- tween tho Lyceum and foreign societies, the present essay will be rendered easily accessible, and that by means of the synonyms hero presented the naturalists of Europe, and particularly the French, may he induced to pay some regard to Mr. Say's publications, and believe it possible that a species may bo described before it reaches their collections. If they will admit the possibility of such a supposition, much confusion may be avoided, and the interests of science greatly advanced. If the preceding Catalogue be successful in removing any of the confusion which has already arisen, and in preventing any futuro errors, tho fullest expectations of tho author will have been realized. Description of a New SrEciE* op Procei.laria, by George N. Lawrence. Read Feb. \8th, 1347. PROCELLARIA MERIDIONALIS. Specific Character.-BIH short; upper tail coverts white; above, brownish black; beneath, while; tarsi pale yellow; toes yellow, marked with black at the end for two-thirds their length. Bill black and stout; sides of the upper mandible, unguis, and point of the lower mandible whitish horn color; a narrow band of the same color crosses the nasal case at its base. Unguis strong, veiy much curved, and acute. The upper mandible has the nos- trils on its ridge covered by a very prominent horny sheath, and separated by a thin septum ; a deeply grooved line runs its entire length immediately below the nostrils; between the unguis and . nasal case it is deeply indented. The lower mandible has a grooved line running through its centre, on each side. Forehead white, marked with a few light-bi'own feathers; occi- put and top of the head, inclnding the eyes, black ; cheeks, thttiat, and all the under parts pure- white, a few black feathers on the sides near the insertion of the tail; hind part of the neck whxte, mixed with cinereous; upper part of the back ash, which color ex- tends on the sides of the upper part of the breast; back brownish black ; tail graduated, consisting of twelve feathers, the central, one and a half inches longer than the outer, white at the base for one- third their length, remainder brownish black ; upper tail coverts pure white: lower, white tipped with light ash, and very long, reaching to the end of the tail. Primary quills black ; secondaries light-brown at the ends, and white at the base-; tcrtials dark-brown; under wing coverts and axillars white. Tarsi pale yellow; toes and webs yellow at the base for about one-third their length, remainder black; hind toe wanting, but in its place a very acute black spur ; tarsi and toes rather slender. 476 New Species of Procellaria. Length 16 inches; alar extent 39 inches ; wing, from flexure, 12 inches , taxi 5 inches ; tarsus 1 1-2 inches ; outer toe 2 inches ; in- ner, 1 1 2 inches. Bill along the back to the point 1 1-2 inches; 5-8 moh deep at the base, and nearly the same in breadth; tubu- lar sheath 1-4 inch long. First primary longest; secondaries broad and rounded. Plate -A. v . This new species of Petrel was given me by Dr. C. H. Stilwell, of Brooklyn, L. I., who obtained it in Florida during the winter of last year. From him I received the following communication • "This bad was found floating, wounded, in the salt lagoon op. pete Indian river inlet, on the eastern coast of Florida, two hun- dred and forty miles south of St. John's river. No one of the set- tlers could tell the name of it, and I suppose it is an uncommon b.rd ln that region, though 1 cannot say particularly, not being ac- quainted there much." Birds of this genus are usually found in high latitudes, but from the d.fficulty of obtaining them, as they are strictly sea-birds, it is probable they are more frequent on our coast than is generally sup- posed. At sea they are attracted around the stern of a vessel by any small floating substance, and at such times are often taken with a line and fish-hook baited with fat. In lightness of form, great length of wing, and graduated tail, it somewhat resembles the genus Puffinus ; but the bill is so stronriv characteristic of the Fulmars, I have thought proper to class it with them. Note.— This bird was noticed on the cover of Nos. 8 and 9 Vol. IV., of the Annals of the New-York Lyceum, under the spe- cfic name of Brevirostris ; but that name being pre-occuoied by another species described in Lesson's Ornithology, the above one is substituted. On the distinctive characters of Cyfrma reticulata of Marly n, and Cyprasa histrio of Meuschen. By John H. Redfield. Read June 7th, 1847. Probably in no genus of mollusks, are the species better known and defined, than in the genus Cypraca, for in none are the specific characters more constant and unerring, while the labors of Euro- pean conchologists within the last twenty-five years havo so greatly extended the list of species, that there is perhaps less room here for the discovery of new forms, than in any other family. While this is true in the main, it is also certain that there are some species of Cypraea, which, though long known to naturalists, are yet involved in some uncertainty, and of which it is hard to decide, whether they should be regarded as distinct, or as mere varieties of a common specific type, so doubtfully close are their affinities. It is my aim in this paper to show the distinction between two shells of this genus, which are still confounded by European authors, even in the latest monographs, though the labors of our early and lamented associate, Mr. Barnes, have led most American conchologists to avoid the error. I refer to the Cypraia reticulata of Martyn, and the C. histrio of Meuschen. Let us examine the historic record of these species, and trace their synonomy. The earliest figures referrible to either of these species, are those of Bonanni, 1681, Lister, 16S8, Rumphius, 1711, Petiver, 1713, and Knorr, 17CC. These figures are usually quoted indiscrimi- nately for C. histrio and C. reticulata, and from circumstpnces connected with their date, it is probable they all represent the same species; but with the exception of Lister and Knorr, they are so rudely executed, that it is impossible to decide whether they belong to the histrio of Meuschen, or the reticulata of Martyn. The figures of Lister and Knorr, are tolerable representations of what I view to be the true C. histrio. In 1784, appeared Martyn's Universal Conchology, where we 47S Cypraa reticulata and Cppraia histrio distinct. find a shell figured under the name of Cypraa reticulata, differing in many respects from that afterwards known as C. histrio. Upper and lower views of the shell are given, and the black spot which characterizes this species is evident, though not conspicuous. Marty n quotes none of the earlier figures, but he must have been acquainted at least with that of Lister; from which I think we may just'y infer, that he considered his own reticulata to be distinct from Lister's shell. The habitat which Martyn assigns to his shell — Friendly Islands — is worthy of note. In 17S7, Meuschen, in the Museum Gevcrsianum, mentions for the first time Cyprasa histrio, by that name. I have not had an opportunity to consult that work, and cannot therefore decide whether his shell be identical with the one since known under that name, nor whether authors are correct in assigning it precedence over the Carleauiila of Chemnitz, published in the following year. For the present, I must assume that their judgment is correct. In 17S8 appealed the 10th volume of Chemnitz's continuation of Martini's Conchylien-Cabinet, where we find, under the name of C. arl equina, two very good figures of what I regard as the true C. histrio. In his descriptive text, Chemnitz quotes the figures of Lister, Ivuorr, ami Martyn for his C. arlcauina. This latter refer- ence seems to have been the first source of the inaccuracy which has since prevailed; and yet some remarks at the close of his description show that the peculiar characteristics of Marlyn's shell had not escaped his practised eye, but that he considered it a remarkable variety of his own G. arlequma. Such were the materials which existed at the time when Gmelin commenced, in 1788, the publication of his edition of the Systema Natures of Linnu'tis, of which edition it may be doubted, whether it has not been of more hindrance than benefit to the cause of science, so numerous ate its blunders, and so unpardonable the carelessness of its compiler; I shall quote all ho says in relation to the species before us. On page 3403, we find — " Cypraa histrio. C testa ovata,subtuibiiuit;'i, sublivido ocdlata, pubttis planfi alba, ad latere incrassata, atrafuBco maeulata, linca dorsali livida, fauce violacea. Cypraa retkuluta and Cypraa hislrio distinct. Chemn. Concl]. 10, p. Ill), t. US, f. 1846, 1347. Lister, Condi, t. G59, f 3 a. Knorr, Vergn. 2, t. L6,£ 1. Martyn, Conch, t. 15. Hubitat ill mari Indico." We may notice in passing, that with his accustomed inconsist- ency, Gmelin had already quoted this same figure of Lister (C59, 3 a,) for his C. arabicit, var. j3. On page 3420, we have " C. reticulata. C. testa r^icnlatft, margine macnlatia virgatis vario. Rumphius, Mns. t. 3't, f. n. Habitat ." Here Chemnitz's unfortunate reference to Martyn's figure is repeated, and subsequent authors have been led to view Martyn's and Chemnitz's shells as identical, an inference which Groeliu's brief description might confirm, since it may apply to both shejls, and with the exception of the " sublux 3120. C. histrio, pars. Dillwyn, 1817. Descriptive Catalogue, Vol. I., p- 439, XSyprcBa reticulata and Cyjiraa lii&trio distinct. 483 C. arabica, var. histrio, pars. Gray, March, 182-1. Monog. in Zoologi- cal Journal, Vol. I., p. 77. C. maculata. Barnes, April, 1824. Annals of Lye. Nat. Hist., Vol. I., pp. 132, 385, pi. !), f. 1. C. arabica, var. Soworby, 1830. Gonchological Illustrations, f. 80. C. hietrio. Deshayes, 1832. Ene. Mi'tli. Vera., t. 3, p. 817, No. 8. (fig. excl.) C. histrio. Kiener, 18 13. Ioonograpliio des OoqoiUefl Vivantes, Gen. Cypruia, p. 104, tab. 18, f 1. C. histrio, purs. Deshayes, 1844. Ed. I/amarek's Anim. sans Vertc- bres, Vol. 10, p. 496. C. reticulata. Reeve, (syn. excl.) 18 16. Concbologia Ieonica, Genus Cyprrea, pi. I, f. 3. Description. — Shell ovate, very convex, and sometimes subgib- Vjous above, flattened beneath; sides strongly thickened; spire apparent. The color above is a deep chesnut-brown, everywhere sprinkled with round whitish or yellowish spots, usually isolated, but sometimes confluent. Beside these spots, the groundwork of the coloring is broken in upon by occasional minuter white spots and longitudinal lines, irregularly diffused. Dorsal line nearly cen- tral, somewhat irregular, and undulating. The sides are whitish, passing into bluish gray, and thickly covered with intensely brown or black spots, which are often transversely extended. A largo spot of this character always appears upon each side of the ante- rior and posterior emarginations. Color beneath whitish, slightly clouded with brown, with a dark-brown or black spot on the cen- tre of the left lip. This spot may be more or less obscured by a subsequent deposito of enamel, but is always apparent. The aper- turo is slightly curved, the columella!- lip flattened within, and deeply hollowed toward the lower or anterior end. Teeth usually about 25 in number on each side, but varying from 20 to 30; well defined, chesnut-brown, which color extends outwardly beyond the real extent of the teeth, particularly near the centre of the left mar- o-in, where they seem to extend nearly to the dark spot mentioned above. Length 2.9 inches. Breadth 2.0. Height l.G. Habitat. 1 am not in possession of "sufficient facts to determine the geographical limits of this species, but so far as I know it is 484 Cypraa reticulata and Cypraa Jiisti io distinct. , confined to the tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean. Great num- bers of them are brought from the Polynesian Islands, by Ameri- can whaling vessels. Martyn's specimens were from the Friendly Islands. Cypr.ea histrio. McuscJien. PI. XVI. Fig. 2. C. testa ovativ, ad cxtremitates subattenuatfi, super conVexA,. interdum turgida, castanea, occllis albidis rotilndatis aul polygo? nis; macule nigra juxta spiraffl : linea dorsali recta, propriore la- terem sinistrum; lateribue albido-fulvis, nigro sparsim maculatis; basi subconvexa, albido-fulva, aut violascente ; rima, subrccta, den-- tibus castaneis, extus non productis. SYNONOMY* Lister, 1 688. Hist. Conch., t. C59, fi 3 1 , a. Knorr, 17GG. Vcrgnugen, 2, t. 16, f. 1. Cypraa hislrio. Meusclicn, 1787. Museum Geversianum, p. 40-1. 6. arlequina. Chemnitz, 1788. Conch. Cab. 10, p. 110, tab. 145, f. 1346, 1317. C. histrio, pars. Gmelin, 1789. 13th ed. of Systema Saturn), p. 3 103. G. histrio. lirug., 1816. Enc. Mfetbodique, pi. 351, f. 1, a. b. C. hislrio, pars. Dillwyn, 1817. Descriptivo Catalogue, Vol. I., p. 439,. No. 4. C. hislrio. Lamarck, 1822. Animaux sans Vcrtcbrcs, Vol. VII, p. 379. C. arabica, var. histrio, pars. Gray, 1824. Monog. in Zoological Jour-- nal, Vol. I., p. 77. ? C. arabica, var. depressa do. do. do. Vol. I., p. 77. ? C. histrio. Quoy & Gaimard, 1833. Voyage do PAstrolabe, t. 3, p. 30, pi. 47, f. 10, 11, with animal. C. arabica, var. Kioner, 1843. Iconogruphio des Comiillcs Vivantes,- Genus Cypraa, p. 106, pi. 17, f. 2. • The figures of Bonanni, Iiumphius, rcliver, and Wood, arc so ambiguous, that I have deemed it best to omit all reference to them. The figure in tho Voyago of the Astrolabe, I also quoto with somo doubt, since it represents tho shell nearly covered by the folds of tho mantle. Tho small portion of the back of tho shell which is visible, is not sufficient to enable mo to refer it with certainty to tho histrio. In this connection, I am happy to acknowledge my obligations to Dr. John C. Jay, of Rye, for the means which his extensive conchological library hae afforded, of verifying the most of the sy nouomy given in this paper. Cypraa reticulata anil Cypraa histrio distinct. 4Sj ■ C. histrio, pars. Dcshaycs, 1844. Edit. Lamarck's Anim. sans Vert., Vol. X., p. 496. Description. — Shell ovate, slightly attenuated at the extremi- ties, very convex above, slightly so beneath ; sides moderately thickened; spire apparent. The color above is chesnut-brown, and there are transverse bands perceptible where the color is deep- er than in the intermediate spaces. 15ack covered with whitish spots, which are round or polygonal, and occasionally confluent. The chesnut ground-work is also interrupted, or mottled, to a greater degree than in the former species, by irregular, smaller white spots or lines. A black stain usually apparent to the left of, and just behind the spire. Dorsal line nearer the left margin, almost straight. Sides whitish, sometimes passing into flesh-color, or with a slighB tinge of peach-blossom, sprinkled with black spots, which are sometimes transversely extended. These spots also appear on each side of the posterior and anterior emarginations, as in the for- mer species, but are not to be .confounded with the blotch or stain just mentioned as existing near the spire. Color beneath, the sama as the sides, with ro trace of the labial spot found in the preceding species. Aperture less curved than in the C. reticulata; columel- lar lip same as in that. Teeth chesnut-browh, well defined, bud not extending upon the ventral face ; usually about 2S on each side, but varying from 25 to 32. Length, 2.G inches. Breadth, 1.5. Height, 1.3. Habitat. Gmelfn and other early writers assign the Indian Ocean as the locality of this species. The specimens brought to- this country usually come from that ocean, and I am not aware that it occurs eastward of Australia. The preceding descriptions are founded, of course, on the full- sized adult shell. In the young state, the shells present fewer dif- ferences, and are difficult to distinguish from the young of the C. urabica. I have found, however, that the peculiar ventral spot of the C. reticulata becomes apparent at a very early period, long before the exterior coat of enamel is perfected. That the two shells described above present striking resem- blances, in the general character of their marking, cannot be denied ; 4-36 Cypnca reticulata and Cyprrea hislriv distinct. but that they also present differences equally striking and constant, must, I think, bo acknowledged. These differences extend to tlio general form, to the shape of the aperture, as well as to the marking. In form the C. reticulata is much broader, more thickened at the sides, less attenuated at the extremities, and less convex beneath than the C. histrio. In some specimens of the former, the sides are so much thickened as to give the shell very much the form of the C. Mauritiana or C. caput-scrpentis. This excessive thicken- ing never takes place in the histrio, which in form is nearer the C. mappa than to the species just named. The aperture of thehistrio is less curved than in the reticulata, while in the latter the teeth ex- tend farther on the ventral face of the shell than in the former. I have not found the number of teeth tn be a very reliable character in this genus, adult specimens of small size having fewer teeth than larger specimens of the same degree of maturity. I do not, there- fore, use this as a distinctive character in the present case ; though in the specimens I have examined, I have found the number of teeth in the histrio to average higher, than in the reticulata. In the markings of the two species we find the following constant distinctions, Tin; whitish spots on the back of the C. reticulata, are usually more distant and isolated, and less inclined to be poly- gonal than is the C. histrio, and the chesnut groundwork which separates them is less interrupted or mottled with minuter white spots or lines. The dorsal line is nearly central, and more or less irregular and undulating in the reticulata, while it is straight, and much nearer the left side of the shell when placed back upwards, in the histrio. In the latter, there is usually a black stain at the left of tho spire, and though I have seen specimens of the histrio in which this was not apparent, I have never seen a reticulata which shewed it. On the other hand, the ventral blotch of tho reticulata, which in that is always more or less visible, (unless that bo an exception which I shall soon mention,) is never seen in tho O. histrio. In tho latter, the dark spots on the sides arc usually less frequent and smaller than in the former, and the under side of tho shell is of lighter color, more inclined to flesh-color, orpeuch- bloom. It may also be remarked, that in tho histrio, tho dark transverse bauds which are found it) the earlier stage of growth, are Cyjprcva reticulata and Cypraa 7iislrio distinct. 4S7 perceptible in the adult shell beneath the richly painted enamel which is last deposited. In the reticulata, this peculiarity is seldom seen. On reviewing these distinctive characters, I think we may justly conclude, that the Cypram vitcl/us and mclanostoma, the C. lurida and pulchra, the C. cervus and exanthema, the C. talpa and exusta. Or the C. mus and leucostoma, are not more distinct each from the other, than are the two species we have been considering, and that if authors will unite the latter, it will be difficult to find justifiable ground for separating the former. The fact that the two species in question occupy distinct geo- graphical fields, seems to confirm the views which I have here expressed. It will also account for the acquaintance of the earlier European naturalists with the one species, atiil their silence in regard to the other. Tlie distant commerce of Europe, during the seventeenth aud earlier part of the eighteenth century, was mainly with the East Indies, by way of the cape of Good Hope ; hence the C. histrio of the Indian Ocean seems to have been well known as early as 1G88, and perhaps 1GS1. On the other hand, the com- merce and whale fisheries of the Pacific, which have now become so extended and important, had then hardly an existence. Accord- ingly, with a single exception, the C. reticulata appears to have been almost unknown until the present century. Martyn, who almos alone of the writers of the last century knew the shell, received it as has been mentioned, from the Friendly Islands. The date of his work (1784) renders it not an unlikely supposition, that his shell was brought homo by the third expedition of Cook, who touched at those islands in 1777.* * The following quotation from the close of Chemnitz's description of his C artequina, not only seems to confirm these views, but shows how accurately he had discriminated between the shells in question. After stating that the C. arle- i/iiina inhabits the seas of the East Indies, particularly the shores of St. Maurice, (Mauritius?) ho says — " Among the South Sea shells which have been communi- cated to us from Cook's voyages, tliero is also an excellent harlequin. On the upper surface I notice moro regular rings, and a darker enclosure of the eyes and spots. On tho sido margins are several blackish brown drops and spots, with which even a great portion of the under surface is tigered, as it were. Each lip has only 22 teeth, which arc of a blackish brown color. This shell was found on the shore of Otaheito." 488 Cypree.i reticulata and Ch/praa histrlo distinct. I have purposely left to the close of this paper some remark* on a shell which seems to have attracted the attention of nearly all the writers on this genus, and which they have generally consid- «red as a variety of C. arabica. The shell I refer to is that figured by Kiener, in his pi. 4, fig. 3, by this title, and is represented on our PI. xvi. fig. 3. The following references seem to indicate the same. C. arabica var 0. Cmolin, 13th edit. Syst Naturae, p. 3398. Enc. M6thod. pi. 352, f. 5. C. arabica var. Lamarck. Hist. Anim sans Vertobres. Vol. 7, p. 378. do. var. intermedia. Gray. Monog. Cypraidao, Zool. Jour. I. p. 77. do. var. Sowerby. Conchological Illustrations, f. 166. I have at times' been strongly inclined to view this as a distinct species, but its character is so ambiguous, that I am not prepared to maintain it as such. It approaches, however, much nearer to the C. reticulata, than to the C arabica, and if it be retained as a variety, it must be transferred to the former species. In- deed, it seems to differ from the typical C. reticulata, only in being of a much smaller size, more thickened at the sides, and •destitute of the ventral blotch of that species. Notwithstanding this latter characteristic, it can never be confounded with the C. Mstrio. The teeth are fewer in number than in the typical reticu- lata, but this, as I havo remarked, may be owing to its diminished size. More accurate knowledge of the animal, of its locality and liabits, will no doubt lead to a just determination of its claims to the rank of a species. Should it prove specifically distinct, the name proposed by Gray for it as a variety would be extremely appropriate, viz., Cyprcea intermedia. Description of a New Species of Woodpecker, by William L. Jones, M. D., Read 13th March, 1847. Picus Le Contei 6" Supra nigro et albo variegatus, parte ante- riore colli, lateribus, et pectore pallide-cinereo-fuseis ; fascia lata rubra occipitali, maculaque magna sordide-alba in regione supra scapulari : mcnto et ventre subalbis. Pedibus tridactylis, rostro compresso. Hab. in Georgia. Lon. 5 T 9 S poll. — Plate XVIII. Description. — Bill at base as liigh as it is broad, compressed toward tlie point, slender and terminating rather abruptly. Ridge of upper mandible slightly curved. Length from gapo J^ of an inch — nostrils concealed by bristly feathers. Tarsus feathered at its upper part — compressed, shorter than the third toe with its claw length T l 5 of an inch. First toe wanting — fourth longest, versatile. Fourth quill-feather longest, third shorter than the fifth and longer than the sixth ; second shorter than the eighth and longer than the ninth. Feathers of the back and under parts loose and blended. Ten feathers in the tail which are rather nar- row and somewhat pointed. Length 5 -* e inches, alar extent 11 inches, wing from flexure 3 T 7 T inches. Color. — Crown black, nasal feathers dirty white; a broad white line passes from the base of the upper mandible over the eye and terminates in a broad, red occipital band; beneath this a black line passing through the eye, meeting on the occiput and extend- ing down the neck ; beneath this another white line which expands into a broad patch upon the supra-scapular region — beneath this a narrow line of black extending to the scapula. Flexure of wing, scapulars and upper-tail coverts black. First and secondary wing coverts black with spots near their tips ; quills black, barred with white. Two middle-tail feathers black, the next pair with a little white on their outer webs — the third pair with a large patch of white on its outer web, extending into the inner near the tip. Two outer pairs dirty white with two >r three black bars. Lower tail coverts white, spotted with black — throat and vent dirty white ; 490 Description of a New Species of Woodpecker. fore-part of neck, breast, sides and under wing coverts pale-cinere- ous-brown. From Swainson's description of his P. meridionalis, it must re- semble this bird very closely, differing chiefly in the number of toes and relative length of quills. This differs from the P. pubes- cus in the color of its under parts — in being smaller and having a less conical bill. In their wonderful fondness for numerous genera and sub-genera, many modern Ornithologists would no doubt place this species in some one of the subdivisions of this class of birds. But until some more natural and scientific basis of classification is discovered, I prefer to prace it in the genus Picus of Linnaeus. — The specimen from which this description is taken was shot in Liberty County, Georgia, on the 14th of April, 1847. Its habits appeared to be similar to those of the " pubesceus." There is no rudiment of the first toe, but this may possibly be the result of an arrest of development. Farther specimens will be necessary to establish the species perfectly. I have named it "Lecontei," in honor of my friend Joseph Le Conte, M. D., of Georgia — a young naturalist of great zeal and ability, and who is particularly devoted to the science of Ornithology. For the beautiful drawing which accompanys this description, I am indebted to my friend Mr. Geo. N. Lawrence, well known to Naturalists for his valuable contribu- tions to the science. Descriptions of New Species of Bullia and Margineli.a, with Notes upon G. B. Sowerby, Jr's. Monograph of the latter genus, by John H. Redfield. Read May 22d, 1S48. 1. BULLIA plicata. Plate XVII., Fig. 1. Testa clongato-tmrila, albido-lutcseento : anfractibus septem planatis, Euperne crenulato plicatis, inferno callosis ; columella excavata, subsinuala, callosa ; labro tenui ; apertura lajvi, castanoa, antice late emarginata. Description. — Shell elongate, turreted, yellowish white, tinged on the back with brownish yellow. Whorls seven, flattened^cre- nately plicated beneath tho sutures. Tho upper whorls are cov- ered with a callosity extending from their base over about three fourths of their height, leaving only tbe sutural plications exposed. This callosity follows the turns of the shell, until it reaches the commencement of the last whorl, whore it loses itself upon the columcllar lip. Columella excavated, slightly twisted, while. — Three or four prominent stria; emerge from beneath the columel- lar callosity in a line with the termination of the suture, and con- tinue to the basal or anterior portion of the right lip. Below these striae is an area covered with fine incremental stria; concentric to the basal notch, which is broad, and rather deep. Right lip thin. Aperture smooth, colored with chesnut-brown toward its upper portion. Length 3.1 inches (79 millimetres.) Breadth 1.7 inches (43 mil- limetres.) Spiral divergence 30°. Habitat. — Not precisely known, but from the fact that it was found in company with Monoceros lugubre Sow. and other shells in- habiting the East Pacific, it is probable that it was brought from California or Central America. Remarks. — This is the largest species of Bullia yet known, though not so ponderous as B. gradata (Desh.) Reeve. It can- not be confounded with any of the species described in Reeve's Monograph of that genus. 492 Descriptions of New Species of Bullia and Marginalia. 2. MARGINELLA Chrysomelina. Plate XVII., Fig. 2. Testa ovali, liitidti, alba ; maculis subquadratis fulvis scxfasciata ; fasciis inter- mediis nivois : fpira retuaa, obtecta ; apcrtura angusla, antice valdc emarginata : labro inti'is crcnulato, extus albo, varicoso ; columella 6 ant 7 plicaia, plicis supe- rioribus obscuris ; plica pcnultima tumida, bifida, exteriiis products. Description. — Shell oval, polished, whitish, crossed by six rows of quadrangular or roundish yellowish spots; between each of these rows is a narrow band of pure white. Spire retuse, concealed by a copious deposite of callus : Right lip toothed within, broadly reflected externally, white. Columella with six or seven folds. — The last but one, is much broader and stouter than the rest, bifid, and extends outwardly nearly to the basal notch which is very deep. Length 0.23 inches (6 millimetres.) Breadth 0.14 inches (3J millimetres). Habitat. — West Indies ? Remarks. — An elegant little shell belonging to the group of which M. tessclata, multilineata, interrupa and obesa form a part, and closely allied to the first. It differs from that in its much more diminutivo size, more delicate style of coloring, and the wider sepa- ration of the tesselated bands. The right lip is more strongly re- flected and devoid of the chesnut color exhibited in the M. tesse- lata. The specimens on which this description is founded were kindly furnished me by Professor C. B. Adams, of Amherst Col- lege, Massachusetts. 3. MARGINELLA Philippinarum. Plate XVII., Fig. 3. Marginella avena, Sow. jr., (not Kiencr) Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Vol. i. p. 391, Plate 76, Fig. 130. Testa elongato-ovata, cylindracea, nitida, subdinphana, flavida, rufo pallid6 tri- fasciata ; spira brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, vix perapicuis : labro albo, prope medium constricto, extue subvaricoso, aurantio subtiucto: plicis quatuor, duabus antcrioribus obliquis, in unam convorgentibus. Description. — Shell oblong-ovate, cylindric, polished, some- wbat diaphanous, yellowish white, crossed by three bands of a darker color. Spire short, with about four whorls. Suture incon- Descriptions of New Sjecies of Bvllia and Marginclia. 493 6picuou8. Riglit lip smooth, while, constricted ahout midway, ex- ternally slightly reflected, and faintly tinged with orange. Columel- lar folds four, all ohlique, the lower two the most so, and converging into one at their anterior termination. Length 0.6 inches (15 millimetres). Breadth 0.28 inches (7 millimetres). Habitat. — Philippine Islands. Remarks. — This species is very closely related to the M. avena Valenc, and may be regarded as the eastern analogue of that spe- cies. It however attains a largersize, its spire is shorter and more obtuse, and its right lip is more inflected, and more thickened ex- ternally. G. B. Sowerby, jr., in his recent monograph has well discriminated between the two species; but is, I think," decidedly wrong in applying the name avena to the eastern species, and in describing the West India species as new under the title of M- varia. By reference to Kiener's original figure and description of M. avena, (so named in MSS. by Valenciennes,) it will be seen to better represent the shell called M. varia by Sowerby than the one under discussion, while tho habitat is there explicitly stated to be "the seas of the West Iudies." If this be so, Sowerby's M varia must reassume the name of M. avena, justifying us in apply- ing anew title to the species above described. The recent monograph of the genus Marginella by G. B. Sow- erby, jr., in the Thesaurus Concliyliorum, is a most valuable con- tribution to our knowledge of this genus. The number of species known to Lamarck of the genera Marginella and Volvaria, (now generally united) was 29, which in the edition by Deshayes are in- creased to 44. Kiener's monograph, including the supplement, enumerates 56 species. The Thesaurus, while it excludes several species now referred to the genus Erato, describes and figures 108 species, of which 18 now appear for the first time. In general, the figures are characterislic, and the species well defined. It may not be amiss, however, to point out what seem to be a few errors in the determinations and synonomy of the work referred to. 494 Descriptions of New Species ofBullia and Marginclla. Species No. 37. M. cwrulcsccns. Lam. Fig. 185, referred to under this title, as a dwarf variety, differs so much from the typical form, that I am constrained to view it as a distinct species, and have little doubt of its identity with M. Storeria of Couthouy, figured and de- scribed in Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. I. It is the same shell which in Prof. Adams' catalogue is denominated M. imicolor, Lister. — This latter name is given by Kiener as a synonyme of M. curta, Sow. ; but by reference to Lister's work it will bo found that he has nowhere so named any species of Marginclla. The established rules of nomenclature require Gmclin's name prunum to be preferred to Lamark's ccerulescens. Mr. Sowcrby merely gives the former as a synonyme. No. 45. M. clegans, Gmel. I cannot agree with Mr. Sowerby in the propriety of uniting M. clegans, Gmel., and M. undulata, Chemn. The differences in size and marking, conjoined with the fact that one has six and the other but five plaits, seem to justify previous authors in separating them. No. 51. M. conoidalis, Kiener. If this be really identical with M. apicina, Menke — as I have supposed, and as Mr. Sowerby states — the latter name should take precedence, having been ap- plied in 1830. Sowerby's figures 97, 98, and 100 seem to repre- sent M. flavida nobis, which is certainly closely allied to M. apicina, and may prove identical, though I am still of opinion that it is distinct. No. 58. M. triticea, Lam. Sowerby's shell cannot be the M. triticea of Kiener if the figures of both authors are faithful. No. 80. M. guttata, Swainson. The name guttata had been ap- plied by Dillwyn in 1817 to the shell afterwards known as M' longivaricosa. Lam. Swainson's name will not therefore stand, and we must fall back on Kiener's title M. maculosa. No. S5. ill. similis, Sow. This is identical with M. obesa nobis, described and figured in this Journal in March, 184G, while Mr. Sowerby's first description was not published until the close of the same year. No. 88*. M. obesa, Sow. This name being pre-occupied as above, this species must take another name. I would propose M. pt/ru- ata. Descriptions of New Species of Biillia and Marginella. 495 No. 90. M. longivaricosa,Lam. Dillwyn's name, M. guttata, takes precedence, as already mentioned. No. 92. M. camca, Storer. Sowerby should have made his fig. 103, the type of this species and not the variety. (See Storer's figure and description in Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. 1.) I doubt whether the figures he has quoted as typical really belong to this epecies. They seem more nearly related to M. guttata Dill wyn, but may prove distinct from either. No. 97. M. pcrsicula, (Lin.) Larn. Mr. Sowerby judiciously re- unites to this species the M. avellana, Lam., which differs only in the smaller size and greater number of its spots, an unsafe char- acter in this genus. No. 98. M.lineata, Lam. Named cingulata by Dillwyn in 1817, who should be followed. Observations on the Quantity op Rain at Different Heights. Read July, 27th, 1846, by O. W. Morris. Observations on the quantity of rain that falls at different heights have been made in Prance and England ; the results of which have been published at various times, and the Regents of the University of this State have recommended that similar obser- vations should be made by the literary institutions under their care : such may have been made, but they have not been published, or have not come under our observation, although it is very desirable that they should be made known, for they may serve still farther to unravel many of the mysterious laws of the Creator, and to make his wisdom and goodness more conspicuous, in making use at means to bring about a desirable result. A little more than a year since observations were commenced at the institution for the deaf and dumb, and two gages fixed at different heights— one about five feet from the ground and the other on the top of the institution, about eighty feet above the first ; and the quantity of rain and melted snow that has fallen has been carefully noted, and the result has been, that much more has been collected in the lower gage, than in the upper; thus corresponding in some degree with the results obtained in Europe. The gao-es used were the conical gages, first made by Simeon De Witt, Esq., former Surveyor General, and recommended by the Regents of the University. The reasons of this difference are not so easily accounted for, as in the warm seasons, the temperature is greater near the surface of the ground, than at 30, 40, or more feet above it. But may it not be the case, that this in itself, is a very good cause, as the great- est difference occurs in the warmest season of the year? The heat at the surface converts the falling water into vapor, which rising is condensed again, and united with the drops of rain from Quantity of Rain at Different Height*. 497 a colder region as tliey fall : thus increasing the quantity near the surface. It may he observed that the difference is much increased by a violent wind, but whether this is owing to the situations of the gages or the different powers of condensation, has not been satis- factorily determined. Observers in France and England conclude that the difference in quantity, decreases in warm regions, and increases in cold. In 1834, there was much less difference in Paris, than at York, Eng- land. So there may be less difference in daily than in nightly periods. The conclusion arrived at by Mr. Harris is, that "the result de- pended on two conditions : viz. The vertical measure of the tract of air, intervening between the two stations, and the temperature of the season of the year. The former determining the ratio of the differences of the quantity of rain at different elevations above the ground ; and the latter influencing the amount of these differences — but the latter depends some upon the season of the year." The quantities of rain, and difference in quantity, with the ratios of the quantities at three different stations, for three years, in dif- ferent seasons, in York, England : viz. on York Minster, 212-J.J feet from the ground — on the museum 43 T 8 j feet, and on the ground from the same gentlemen are as follows : Minslcr. Museum. Ground. Difference. Ratios. 6833-2.876 66.35-85.83 3.182-5.150 49.94-7056 10874-4.790 64.82-84.50 12.749-7.090 52.60-73.62 13.717-6.231 64.42-83.84 15.179-8.899 53.58-73.82 The total results at the same place for 1833 and 1S34, were : 14.963 19.852 25.706 10.743-5 854 58.20-77.21 At Bransby, 12 miles north, on a level with the Minster, it was 24.000 inches on the ground. At York, from Feb. 1st. 1834, to Jan. 31st 1835, the result of the observations was : 3 Summer Months, 13.473 17.430 20.306 3 Winter " 14.138 12170 17.320 5 Warmer " 20.042 26.126 30.916 5 Colder 14.130 19.789 26.879 7 Warmer " 24.834 32 320 38.551 7 Colder " 18.820 25 100 33.999 498 Quantity of Rain, at Different Heights Minster. Mueoum. Ground. Difference. Feb. .460 .670 1.040 .560 .370 March .456 .710 1.034 .578 .324 April .193 .326 .558 .365 .232 May 1.029 1.282 1.475 .446 .193 June 1.080 1.726 1.862 .782 .136 July 1.951 2.885 3.565 1.614 .680 Aug. .893 1.300 1.760 .867 .460 Oct. 1.127 1.526 1.815 .688 .289 1835. Jau. 1.085 1.710 2.830 1.745 1.120 Ratios. 52.03 76.13 Total difference 7.645 3.804. At Bolton-Cravan, the results for six months of 1834 and '35, by Mr. Littledale, were 81 C-12 feet above ground. 34 2-12 foet and 6 1-2 feet. ; Difference. ' 16.53 18.81 19.41 2.88 .60 These results will be seen to correspond with those obtained here in two gages for sixteen months from February 1845, to July 15th 1846. Eigty-five feet above ground. Five feet. Difference. 2.082 .622 2.920 1.095 1.242 .560 2.158 5.98 4.225 1.205 .890 .140 2.690 .790 4.930 1.510 2.948 .713 3.411 1.521 4.496 1.621 8.940 .680 3.420 1.290 2.625 1.105 9.750 1.800 1.465 .495 2.040 .400 Total 44.687 60.232 15.545 The difference for the first 11 1-2 month* was • - . 10.455 " " last " " <• 11.325 " " the whole 16 '* " 15.545 February 1.460 March 1.825 April .682 May 1.560 Juno 3.020 July (to 15th) .750 September 1.900 October 3.420 November 2.235 December 1.890 January 2.875 Fobruary 8.860 March 2.130 April 1.520 May 7.950 June .970 July (15th) 1.640 Quantity of Rain at Different Heights. 499 Which is almost twice as much as at York Minster, which is more than 2£ times higher, and almost 3 times greater than at the Museum, which is about half as high. This difference may be owing in some degree, to the different construction of the gages, and some to the difference of temperature of the two places, but our observations are not sufficiently perfect, to warrant us in saying that we have arrived at a correct conclusion. It will, how- ever, show that by proper attention, much on this subject may yet be gleaned from the hidden arcana of Nature, and we hope to be able at some future time, to present more enlarged and correct results. 500 Observations on the Weather. OBSERVATIONS, Made in New- York on the State of the Weather, before and after the Appearance of Auroras and Haloes— on the Quantity of Rain at Different Elevations, with other Me.'erological Results ; By O. W. Morris, of the New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf aud Dumb. WEATHER, BEFORE AND AFTER AURORAS AND HALOES. Auroriu&llnlocs Wind Jan. ;.».'] Lunar Hulo. a W Feb. 24 do w March 19 Aurora. w. " 27 Lunar Halo. N.W " !itj do. & Aurora N.W. April. 7 Aurora. VV. " 5 Solar Hulo. N.W " iy do S. E May. •21, Lunar Halo. W. " 21 do S R. June. as do W. Aug. 4 Aurora. W. " ai Lunar Halo. W. Sept. 16 Aurora. S. E. " aa Lunar Halo. S. W. " ay Aurora. W. Nov. l do W. " 1 1 do w. " " Lunar Halo. w. " ia do S. R " 20 do N. E ii« Aurora. N.W. Dec. 1 20 Lunar Halo. N. Preceding. Fifth day, rain. Second " snow. Day boforo.snow and rain Sumo day, snow. Day before, snow. do. rain and snow Third day, do. Day before, rain. Same day, do. Day before, do. do. do. Third day, do. Succeeding. do. do. do. do. Ninth do. Third do. Fourth do. Day beforo Eighth day do. Same do. do do. Fourth do. do. Day before, do. Second day, do. do. snow Third day, rain. Same night, snow. Next three days rain Third day, snow. Second day, snow. Noxt do. rain. do. do. rain, do. do. rain. Fourth do. do. Third day, snow. Next do. do. do Seventh Third Next Day after, Sixth day, Fifth do. do. Day after Second day do. do. snow. do do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Auroras, 9. Solar Haloes, 2. Lunar Haloes, 13. As a clouded state of the atmosphere ofton prevents the observations of Auroras at many localities where they would otherwise bo visible, and as clouded or stormy weather makes a daily progress from place to place, no specific inductions are at- tempted from these observations. Observations on the Weather. 501 E* ft •4 a a < tt S w 00 2i " Z **\ Hn" Hn-«" 1604 days. 132 " >64 " on which rain fell. 13 " " suow " 3 " " raiii&snow " a 'is ^ 2 Cft t^. ©( iC - 3*55 10 co cc « si [>. T ^ CN CO ^ • :: W IM (M h a o £ ^ c't CO* j «©hm iC 1£ iC co gj o> a> co CO CO co rs a Hn Hn ©1 r*. t^ C» CO CO n > TJ. CD CO «C (^ « Hn Hn-«Ha 9 Ed W O 'V | ^-1 <£i O) ^ N CO C-J $ H GO I Hn r **-&~&*4a-** CO Ol 1- O -T 0. is Hn . co ei co CO z ct -w -«< C CO 1 - p*lHHHtHB CO ■tfCJOCO'C CO ad ^coS"*-* b« Cft ^ CO rH CT> CO PS S HnHnnnHn cci^rn CO (A £ Hn -*i O .— CO OS iO 3 > O) — ' CO CO ?0 — 1 0) CO i •5 J ra £ J 9 "? « : oil ° •= >5 W CO co ? 55 ■ !g ■5 ° & •s si fef.s ? 1 c g ■s c 2 ,5 v v OS p - e .9 502 Observations on the Weather. Pi o I eh OD O t— I EH -4 (=- PQ O 1-3 ««1 Ph Eh W O H ps W EH ,W,8ihW.,29th S.E.strong . E. Very high. 26th N. E. Very high. N. W. 30th S. W. strong. N. E. do. and 20th S.E. Moderate. S. W. Very high, nd 7th N. E. Strong. & 25th N. E. Very high. S. E. do. S. E. Strong. i. E. 16th N. E. very high a s £ s am •^Jij " .a .e .g ■" ,~ m Old -"- 1 Cl «>HnlJ)« (9 ja ,!!!!! !.J 8! ! ! o A 3 ^^Sc^iO-VCOC-iC^CCCOiO-V M to . <« | *0 J3 «?CO COf* (ooil" CO CI -H lO i N. — ^COTT-^OC^iA^CJCO is d n co n ifl ti« r* ci d «o n a vrt tO i-i CO Cl ^■HmU'OMNCO t«» CO CO it «0(60)WMCCOHCO-;0 OJOO»OCO»<0'" H ^'~"'O u ^f'*' _ »n CO C) CO CO-HtOCOi^-CO^ oo •-; co Hi c. c» h c; to -- w ( o cd »o rH r^cocNCNCJ^t^^s-ojojc* < coco-rcocicftid'^«cio»o^ ci c> co "* trt to r- r- o ■*? co * ic r^ "* ococo oio io(^--;oooir«-c*coic NiooboHolwcotoriio m C»C»fT'-^"»-(OtO CI ci CI ■ UO SJ3 t2 CO >0 ' loaisimcftt ( oi ot o CI or CI I r* CO ~ CI CO CI « l~ ~< ~1 in sc i- — O00 I- -CIOCIOD CI TCI< ' — O O O c ?!6ffio< I ci ci ?* ci ci ci ct co ■ • O — HBCI3- ^J*i I -t a ciTfcooo*tciuoncoaocio " " uo :-? co oo < C403>A ci ci c> ci ci o < ci ci co ci ci co < ■ ^r ft « q- k) io « t >CICOOOOOOOt loioioioociooc- ' CI Tf CI CO CO CI CO CO CO > t* uo ci ac : c; a-, o )COXI_ T CI CO CI CO (M ! CI CI CI CI Ci CI CO CI CO CO ( >u,4<: SB $ a «: o S S 5 * § H S © *3 NOTE TO THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE. Tli" following paragraphs were removed from tho body of the article at page 511, us not necessary to its design, they are here prefixed as a conve- nience to thoso who may not have seen the more elaborate article on Beats, in "Smith's Harmonics." When two sounds are heard nearly harmonizing, there arc heard at the same time irregularities of sounds, or Bbats ; the frequency of which depends on the nature of the sounds. When a true Do, (32 vibrations per second,) is accompanied by a sound of 31 or 33 vi- brations, one beat per second is heard. Sounds of 31 and 33 vibra- tions would produce 2 beats ; 256 and 259 would produce 3 beats, &c, as in the following diagram. Where the sounds are nearly 5lhs, 3rds, or any concords, their vibrations per second must be multiplied by the ratio of the interval, so as to produce nearly equal numbers, and then the difference is the number of beats per second. Thus the beats of the imperfect fifth between La 1 27 and Mi' 40 are found to be one per second ; by subtracting 80 (twice 40) from 81 (3 times 27.) In the same way, the beats of the major third, recommended in the lamented Prof. Fisher's Table for Tuning (Sill. Journal, Vol. 1, p. 195,) between Fan' (325.08 vibrations,) and Lan s (42S.92 vibra- tions per second,) will be found by multiplying these numbers by 4 and 5 respectively, to be 37.28 per second. In the following figure the points represent the vibrations of im- perfect unison, as of Sol 8 ; the commas only, of imperfect fifths, as Do, and Sol*. The beats, which are the same in both cases, are denoted byi These beats furnish us with the most ready way, though the least satisfactory way, of ascertaining the number of vibrations in any pitch. It is easy to tune two tubes so that they shall differ in pitch precisely comma. It has long been known that their vibrations then are 80:8 1, but it is more difficult to ascertain the vibrations of either. Let the sounds be Si' and Si'. If they beat 3 times per second, we know that Si* vibrates 240, and Si* 243 times per second. Again, by means of beats the most perfect tuning can be executed, by the aid of an un- practised ear. Even tho most perfect interval, the octave, can be tuned more accurately by making use of their beats with an intermediate sound, than in any other way. This process is, however, too slow for the practical tuner, unless it be in tuning setts of tuning forks. On Musical Intonation and Temperament. By I. F. Holton. Read Oct. 12th— 19th, and Nov. 2nd, 1846. The mathematical relations of musical sounds have received very little attention from scientific writers, for the last quarter of a cen- tury. Almost every branch of science has been greatly simplified du- ring this period; this still repels the beginner with a formidable array of difficulties. It is the object of this paper to present the first ele- ments only of the Mathematics of Music, in a form so simple as to be understood, on a careful perusal, by any one familiar with the main principles of common arithmetic. Sound is produced by vibrations of air. The sound produced by more frequent vibrations is called more acute or HIGHER — that by less frequent vibrations, graver or lower. This difference is a dif- ference in pitch. The difference in the pitch of two sounds when esti- mated, measured or calculated, is called an interval. When drops of water fall on a board at a uniform rate of 16 per second, a uniform sound is heard, about as grave as the human car is capable of appreciating. This sound is called by the English and Germans, £. {great twice marked C,) and by the Italians, French, Spanish and Portuguese, Do 1 , (first Do.) Any thing will produce a sound ofthis pitch which will make 16 uniform impressions on the air in a second, as comb teeth striking against the finger-nail — a vibrating string striking against the air — or air itself vibrating in a tube ; sounds from different sources, as the vibration of a wire and of a silk cord, for instance, though the same in pitch, will differ in qual- ity. The French call this difference in quality, Timbre. 16 pul- sations per second produce Do 1 ;* 32 produce a higher sound, named Do a ; 64 make Do 8 ; 128 make Do' ; 256 make Do', or Middle Do ; 512 make Do' ; 1,024 make Do T ; 2,048 make Do'; 4,096 make Do'; 8,192 make Do"; and 10,384 uniform pulsations make Do". A * I use the Italian names because they are much more convenient ; hut I muflt caution the reador against confounding Do, Jlc, Mi, &c., as the Italians use them, with the same terms as used in American singing school*. Musical Intonation and Temperament. 505 sound more acute than this is utterly inaudible to human ears. Each of these numbers is just double the preceding. Let us go backwards a moment, halving the numbers. I said 12S pulsations a second make Do«; 64, Do 3 ; 32, Do 1 ; and 16, Do 1 . If 8 vibrations per second make a sound, it must be named Do ; 4, Do- 1 ; 2, Do- 2 and 1 vibration a second, Do- 3 . From this imaginary point let us ascend again. 1 vibration should produce Do- 3 ; 2, Do-'; and 4, Do-'. Now, 8 vibrations should produce a sound between Do-' and Do-' ; let its name bo Sol-' j . Double this, and 6 pulsations should make Sol-'; and 12, Sol- ; 24 make Sol'; 48, Sol' ; 96, Sol'; 192, Sol 4 , &c. Thus between each Do and the one above there is a Sol. The interval between Sol and the Do below is 2 : 3 ; that be- tween Sol and Do above is 3 : 4. Thus Do*, is 128 ; Sol 4 is 192. Now, 128 : 192 : : 2 : 3. And 192 : 256 (Middle Do,) : : 3 : 4. Again, 5 pulsations a second should form a theoretical sound be- tween Do- 1 and Sol-'. The name is Mi-'. Doubling this, we have Mi , 10 ; Mi', 20 ; Mi', 40 ; Mi 3 , 80 ; Mi*, 160 ; Mi s , 320 ; &c. So between each Do and the Sol above is a Mi, which is to the Do as 5 : 4, and to the Sol as 5 : 6. Thus Do 1 is to Mi* as 128 : 160 :: 4 : 5, and Mi' to Sol' as 160 : 192 : : 5 : 6. Observe, now, from these data how to calculate the in- 4:5 tervaJ from Do to Sol. It cannnot be done by 5 : 6 addition. We must compound the ratios 4:5 10 J 20 : 30 and 5:6; multiplying, we have 20 : 30, and 2:3 dividing by 10, 2 : 3, as in the margin. Thus far we see 1 pulsation per second should yield Do- 3 ; 2, Do-' ; 3, Sol-' ; 4, Do- 1 ; 5, Mi-' ; 6, Sol-' ; 8, Do-°. A new pitch, named Re", should arise from 9 vibrations ; Re 1 , 18 ; Re', 36 ; &c. 15 vibrations would be Si° : 30, Si' ; &c. No other even vibrations per second jield a pitch to which we need now give a name. Between these pitches there are two large intervals. One is between Mi and Sol, ,of 5 : 6. We must have an intermediate pitch, and will call its name Fa. Wo will take it as much above Do' as Do' is above Sol 1 , that is 3 : 4. Now 3 : 4 :: 16 : 21&, which is our Fa 1 . Here is a disagree- able fraction which follows us through every Fa, as Fa', 42 § ; Fa», 85*5 ; Fa', 170§ ; &c. We find the interval from Mi 1 to Fa 1 to be 20 : 21i, which is 60 : 64, which is 15 : 10, the same as from Si to Do. And the interval from Fa 1 to So! 1 is 2l£ : 24 :: 64 : 72 :: 8 : 9, 506 Musical Intonation and Temperament. the same as from Do to Re. Compounding these, we have the inter- val Mi to Sol, 5 : 6, as before. The interval between Sol and Si is still larger, 4 : 5, the same as from Do to Mi. We will put in a sound La, the same as the Re be- tween Do and Mi, making Sol : La :: 8 : 9, and La : Sr:: 9 : 10. La 1 , then, makes 26a. vibrations a second We have now established 7 pitches between Do 1 and Do". They are found in capitals in the table of Diatonic Scales. The ratios of vibrations, and the intervals between them, are placed at the bottom. We see there only 3 kinds of intervals, 8 : 9 and 9 : 10, both called a Tone, (which we distinguish by calling one the greater Tone, and the other the lesser Tone,) and 15 : 10, called in barbarous mixture of Greek and Latin, Semitone, but more properly Hemitone. The in- terval from any of these pitches to the next above or below is called a Second ; to the next but one, a Third, &c. ; and to the eighth above or below, an Octave. Thus from Fa 1 to FV is an octave ; from Si' to Re a is a third, &c Every pitch resembles its octaves more than it does any other pitch. Thus Fa" can be readily told from Mi' or Sol', but is in one sense identical with Fa' and Fa'. Hence they all bear the name of Fa. So of all the rest. Any series of 8 pitches whatever, having between them the seven intervals, Tomes, Tone, Hemitone, Tone, Tone, Tonh, Hemitone, is called a Diatonic Scale. Any Diatonic Scale beginning and ending with Do, as that in the table, is called the Diatonic Scale of Do ; and music composed of these pitches is said to be in the Key of Do. The first and last note of any Diatonic scale is called Tonic, the second Sufertonic, &c. We give the names at the head, of the table. Four more notes are occasionally wanted in each octave. These are a grave second, a flat seventh, a sharp fourth, and a sharp fifth. They are accordingly added to the table. Furnished with these sounds, wo can produce the air of any un- modulated piece of music we choose. Suppose, now, Archdalc were written in the Key of Do, of which we have given the Diatonic scale. It begins on the tonic. The highest note is an octave above, and the lowest a fourth below. If the first sound were Do*, the highest would be Do ; much higher than the female voice can well reach. But if the first note bo taken on Do 4 , the lowest would be Sol' ; too low for a lady's voice. Some other key, as of Sol, must be used. Musical Intonation and Temperament 507 If Sol be the first note of a key, the second must be La. Now, the interval between the first and second of the scale must be a Tone. That between Sol and La is only a Tone. If Sol, 24, La must be, not 20*-, but 27. Now, 26| : 27 :: 80 : 81. The interval of 80 : 81 is called Comma. From La to Si is a Tone, as it should be be- lut en the second and third ; from Si to Do, aHemitone ; Do to Re, a ToMi ; Re to Mi a Tone; but from Mi to Fa only a Hemitone. This will not do— we must have a Tone there. I\li a has 40 vibra- tions, 8 : 9:: 40 : 4"). The new sound is to Sol" as 45 : 48 :: 15 : 16 ; so this interval is, as it should be, a Hemitone. The intervals now, from So!' to Noi 5 , are To.nk, Tone, Hemitone, Tone, Tone, Tone, Hemitone ; consequently it is a true Diatonic scale — the scale of the Key of Sol. This key has no Fa in it ; its place is therefore left vacant for the new pitch. Occupying the same place, we will give it a name by adding an n to Fa and call it Fan. Fa is to Fan as 42$:45 :: 128:185. The interval is less than a Hemitone ; it is call- ed Majok Limma. This rendering a pitch limma higher is called Sharping it. The same transposition which we have performed on the key of Do, we may repeat on that of Sol. Taking its 5th (Re) for tonic, raising its 2nd (Mi) comma, and sharping its 4th (Do) into Don, we have the Key of Re. This may be repeated again and again. It is obvious this process may be reversed. The Key of Ro may be trans- posed to that of Sol, by making its 7th (Don) limma lower, (which is called Flatting it,) and making its 2nd comma lower. By the same process the key of Sol can be transposed to that of Do, and that again to the key of Fa; in each case reducing the 2nd comma, and the 7th to its proper place, and the 4th becomes the Tonic. Begin- ning with Fa, the first two intervals aro Tone and Tone, but instead of Si we use a pitch which is to La as 15 : 16. This is written in the same place with Si. We will call it Sir. Now, La : Sir :: 15 : 16 :: 26f : 28$, and Sir : Do :: 9 : 10 :: 28$ : 32. This process has no assignable limits. A few keys only are needed to write pieces in, but music often passes from one key to an- other, in the midst of a strain, for the effect of the change. This change is called Modulation. In the table at the close, will be found all the pitches of 18 keys, arranged in their order, with the number of their pulsations in the lowest octave. The acute and grave accents imply sounds SOS Musical Intonation and Temperament. comma sharper and flatter respectively than the names indicate. These, then, are the Elements of Music. Pure music at concert pitch can contain no other but by modulating beyond the 18 keys, and DO other sounds are ever used but as substitutes for some one of tbeso. Hero is the proper place, (though it is almost superfluous,) to men- tion the other modes of representing these sounds. One. which is very common in this country, England and Germany, is by letters. The diatonic scale of Do is indicated by the letters C D E F G A B C. Do 1 is written 2 ; Do", £ ; Do', C; Do*, c; Do', c; Do', = ! and Do', c • These names are inconvenient to pronounce, incon- venient to the printer, and cannot be applied in singing the notes. These inconveniences are not counterbalanced by a single advantage peculiar to this system, and its entire abandonment would greatly benefit the study of music. The musician, who needs only a few octaves, writes them on staves of generally five lines each. He marks the place of Sol' with An , pla- cing La* next above it and Fa* next below it. Fan is placed on the same line or space 1 with Fa, and preceded by a Sharp (#) either on the beginning of the staff or in the same measure with the note, and so with all sharps. The flatted pitches are written in the same way, with a Flat (|j) preceding them. Where a note is in danger of be- ing read as sharped or flatted when it is not, it is preceded by a Natu- ral (t|). -Acute pitches are marked with the acute accent ('), and grave pitches with the grave accent ("), either at (ho beginning of the staflfor after each note. Where a note might be supposed to bo acute or grave, but should be neither, it is followed by a small circle (°). These marks are omitted in music, intended only to be executed. Fa' is denoted by $®j and Do' (middle Do) by Jiff or often very improperly used to denote Sol' as well as Sol' — leaving the performer to guess which. We here give the pitches from Do' to Do', written with the Fa and Do Clefs : — Musical Intonation and Temperament. 509 Ml rJ\ Sor*, 179^41 Fin 4 , 177J sdr*, mmn Min', 172^Jf Min\ 170|f Fa 4 , 170| Min*, 168£ F4', 1081H Fa', 166^5 Mi', 162 Renn*, 160 T VVj Mi', 160 Far', 159J-f Jf Mi*, 156/ T Ren*, 153J/J Ren', 151J Mir', 151 if Ren', 150 Mir'. 14914H Donn', U4-Ji\ 3 s Re', 144 Mi it*, 142^WWl Donn*, 142 T Vj Re*, 142$ Re', 1405|J D6n', 136 J -J- Don', 185 Rer', 134|Jf Don', 133} Rer', 138tVWj Sin', 128 a % Do', 123 w d> b fij .-J ■, q Do 1 , 256 Sin', 2531 D6',252ff Do', 249Hfi Si', 243 Linn*, 240,^ Si', 240 Dor', 2391^4 Si', 237 5 ' T Lin', 230^1 Lan', 227 }£ Sir', 227f Lan', 225 8if*,224ff§ Sir* 221£J2 Ii La', 210 Sirr', 218ffrH Sonn*, 2i:t;;; La*, 213i La*, 210^J4 S6n*, 205j' 5 Son', 2024; Lar', 202ft Son', 200 Lar', 1 901! ff Fann', \\r:\\\ Sol*, 192 Finn*, 189? £ Sol*, 189^ Sol*, 187^V,V F4n\ 182} Fan*, 180 510 Musical Intonation and Temperament. The reasons for the precise intervals of the Diatonic scale can be best understood by examining the effect of hearing two or more pitches at the same time. These, when agreeable to each other, form Harmon*. When Do, Mi and Sol, for instance, are heard at once, their vibrations being as 4, 5, and C, must often coincide thus : — Sol Mi Do " . Here every other vibration of Do corresponds with one of Sol, and every fourth pulsation of Do corresponds with one both of Sol and of Mi. Do is found to harmonize with Mi 4:5, with Fa 3 : 4, with Sol 2 : 3, and with La 3 : 5. Re harmonizes with Fa 35$ : 42$ :: 320 : 384 :: 5 : 6, with Fan 4 : 5, with La 86$ : 53$ :: 2 : 3, and with Sir 5:8. Re harmonizes with Sol 3 : 4, and with Si 3 : 5. Mi harmonizes with Sol 5:6, with La 3:4, with Si 2:3, with Son 4 : 5, and with Do 5:8. Fa harmonizes with La 4:5, with Sir 3:4, with Do 2: 3, and with Re 3 : 5. Fan harmonizes with La 5 : 6, and with Re 5 : 8. Sol harmonizes with Si 4 : 5, with Do 3 : 4, with Re 2 : 3, and with Mi 3 : 5. Sdn harmonizes with Si 5 :6, and with Mi 5:8. La harmonizes with Do 5 : 0, with Re 3:4, with Mi 2:3, with Fan 3:5, and with Fa 5:8. Sir harmonizes with Fa 2 : 3, and with Re 4:5. Si harmonizes with Re 5 : 6, with Mi 3 : 4, with Sol 5:8, and with Son 3:5. It is obvious that the corresponding degrees of every other key harmonize with each other in the same way as those of Do. From this we see that the precise intervals of the Diatonic scale are not ar- bitrarily but exactly such as will secure the greatest amount of harmony. We see here only six ratios of vibration which produce harmony ; 2 : 3 called a Fifth (Vth) ; 3 : 4 a Fourth (IVth) ; 3 : 5 a Major Sixth (Vlth); 5:8 a Minor Sixth (6th); 4:5 a Major Third (IJIrd); and 5:6 a Minor Third (3d). We need go no farther into the subject of harmony — it constitutes a department of science comparatively well cultivated. In a composition one single train of sounds must be such as to be of itself agreeable. This train is called tho Air, and its agreeable quality is Melody. The melody of pieces of a certain cast often requires the Sharp 4th and 5th. The harmony of these same pieces often contains minor thirds and sixths, where others would have major thirds and sixths. Hence they are said to be in the Minor Mode, and other pieces are said to be in the Major Mode. The Diatonic Musical Intonation and Temperament. 511 Scaio is the same, for both, though much mystery has been thrown on this matter, and needless labor imposed on the student, by the so-called Minor Scale. A few physical facts must now be stated before proceeding to the •practical part of this .subject. First. — When a musical sound is produced near a siring of a mu- sical instrument, if the sound harmonizes with the one the string will produce, it causes the string to vibrate. Thus Do', Sol 4 , or Mi* will produce vibrations in the Do 1 string ofa Piano Forte. Second. — When two strings, or two tubes, almost in harmony, are near each other, they may influence each other's vibrations and harmonize completely. Third. — When a string vibrates as a whole, and produces its note, parts of the same string vibrate by themselves, and produce higher pitches of sound. Thus, a string sounding Do*, may also pro- duce Do', Sol", Do", Ali°, or Sol , or several or all of these, and per- haps more. These secondary sounds are called Harmonics. Seve- ral musical theories have been based on this fact — an unsafe founda- tion, as some harmonics have no musical relation to any scale. Thus a Do* string may give a harmonic of 890 vibrations between Sir' and Sir". Tubes, as Trumpets and French Horns, &c, also give har- monics — as also Bells, and, in fine, all musical instruments. The lowest note of the tube, bell, or string, is called the Fundamental. Fourth. — When two pitches which are harmonics to the snmo Fundamental are sounded together, the Fundamental itself may also be heard. Thus, when Do", making 2">G vibrations, is sung with Sol", making 38. r >, their pulsations coincide 12S times, and give the impression of Do*, although it is not sounded. This fact, too, has served as basis to ill-founded theories. These, things being thoroughly understood, we are prepared to proceed to the practical application of them to our main problem. This is to produce the tones indicated in musical compositions, which is called Intonation ; or others near enough to them to answer in their place, which is Temperament. Musical Instruments are divided into two classes. Perfect In- strum hnts are those capable of producing pitches indefinitely near each other, at the. will of the performer; as the Violin, the Trombone, and the Human Voice. Imi'i-rekct Instruments can produce only the fixed tones for which they are tuned. Of all perfect instruments invented by man, the Viol is by far the 512 Musical Intonation and Temperament. most important. The principles of its intonation demand our first at- tention, because all accurate intonation of the voice depends on that of the Viol. One form of this instrument will illustrate all the others ; and for this purpose we select its best form, the Violin. In playing this instrument, the correct mental conceptions of pitch, ne- cessary in all musical execution, are here mechanically aided and corrected by the fixed sounds of the open strings, to a degree of accuracy otherwise unattainable in a perfect instrument. The open strings are Sol 4 , Re'. Li 8 , Mi", each an exact fifth above the proce- ding. Two only of these, Sol and Re, are found in the natural key, or key of Do. In the key of 1# La comes in, and in 2#s all are used. In 3#s Sol disappears ; Re in 4#s ; in 5#s Mi only is left, and in and more sharps no open string remains to be appealed to, ex- cept the \, 7th in the key of 6#s. The flat signatures are less favored than the sharp. The key of 1 jj has but one open string, and the others none at all. Here the performer is left all afloat, and perfect accuracy is impossible. His only alternative is to play every note comma higher than its true place, and by this means he has one fixed sound in 4t;s, beyond which the keys arc only used for occasional modulations, as also are the extreme sharp keys. The. best key for the Violin, then, is 2#s; and in 2 or more fts, correct playing can be attained only by false tuning, making the whole instrument comma flat. The Viol might perhaps be improved by adding one or more movable nuts to each string, each shortening its length one 80th, and raising its pitch comma. Six false nuts distri- buted among the four strings would give four open strings in all keys, from 5 #s to 1 fr inclusive, and one open string in all the keys from 8 #s to 4 [>s inclusive. We will consider next the human voice— the gift of our kind Crea. tor to nearly every human being; and, in respect to its powers, the most important of musical instruments. Having no fixed sounds of its own, absolutely pei feet intonation for any length of time, independent of an instrument, is impossible. An approximation to this is the most important point in all musical instruction, and yet one which is rarely considered in a philosophical light. I may, therefore, bo pardoned for noticing it a little more particularly than would otherwise be necessary. The great point to be aimed at is a mental excellence, not uphysi- cal. Let the mental conception be correct, and correct execution will follow of course. This is in a degree true of all musical execution— in vocal music pre-eminently so. Musical Intonation and Temperament. 513 Tho mind of a performer is aided iti conceiving the pitch he wants, by one or more of the following means : First, his knowledge of ab- stract pitch. Second, his knowledge of the key in which he is singing or playing. Third, harmony with other performers. Fourth and last, by the interval between his last pitch and the required one. These different means are of very different degrees of utility, and it is of no small consequence on which the vocal performer is taught to rely. The worst of all these I take first. It is going by the interval. It is difficult to believe sensible teachers think they teach their pupils to read in this way, but long unmelodious lessons of intervals, intended for daily practice, in books of high refute, convince us that we cannot be mistaken. Now, let the performer make the following perfect in- tervals : up a IVth, down a 3rd, up a IVth, down a Vth, and ho will find himself just comma below where he started, as may be seen by compounding the intervals. The notes sung may be Do, Fa, Re, Sol, Do. This little example is sufficient to show that intonation by intervals is a mere chimera. The other three modes must be used conjointly by every singer. The third, (by harmony with oilier performers,) is the way the pupil begins learning to sing — in unison or octave to the teacher. As a main reliance in ordinary execution its effect is very bad. It soon renders the performer hopelessly dependent. The pupil must early be taught not to rely on it, but to become as independent of it as possible. It is only in tho higher stage of his education that ho is again to resort to it, but in a different manner, to correct minute errors in pitch, which can be corrected in no other waj'. For this purpose quartettes of per- formers furnish a ready and invaluable aid ; but the best possible me- thod is that of Viols accurately played. The second method, (by the scale of the key,) is the main reliance of our best common singers, as that by harmony is of our worst. It makes an independent singer of plain music. But modulations of the key often throw him out — he shrinks from music plentifully sprinkled with accidentals. Sometimes the key changes without any acciden- tal in his part ; here he mentally applies names to the notes, indicating their place in the scale he has left — he feels he is not singing the de- gree he is calling, and breaks down in the middle of a passage that looks easy enough, utterly at a loss why he cannot go on. The pro- gress of music is continually introducing more elaborate harmonies by a free use of accidentals — hence this defective education will prove 514 Musical Intonation and Temperament. more and more insufficient every year. Unfortunately this reading by the scale, like reading by harmony, makes slaves of its subjects, and they cannot throw off the yoke. It is harder to make a good reader of difficult music of a good singer by the scale than of a raw re- cruit. Most mental operations, when oft repeated, become habits, and are performed unconsciously and without effort. Thus we walk, read, and writs by habit. Not so with reading music by the scale. It is like reading in a cypher, where the character that is used for A on one page becomes O, or P, or Q on another. It must always call for conscious effort, and each new piece of music must, bo a task be- fore it can become a pleasure. The remaining mode of intonation is by abstract pitch. Very little use is made of this by common American singers. It keeps the singer by the scale in the octave he means, and the singer by har- mony from giving a third for a fifth, &c, but beyond this our methods of instruction themselves prevent the use of it. The true method should bo to make this the principal, and both the others auxiliary. The pu- pil should bo taught to rely on this ; he will instinctively rely on both the others as much as is for his good, and even more. But it is generally doubted whether the mind can retain an abstract pitch with an accuracy that would be useful in intonation. This faculty, like every oilier, must depend for its perfection on cultivation. We recollect the pitch of a well-known bell, or a familiar voice, almost to comma. With one who is taught to associate each musical note with its precise pitch, as we do each bell and each voice, prac- tice results in an exactness incredible to those who have never made the trial. And here his knowledge of the scale prevents his erring, unless he errs by a whole hemitonc — an error greater than ho is in danger of making. Habit at length supersedes conscious effort, and finally harmony steps in to his aid, corrects minute errors which the ear will tolerate in the scale, and the pupil becomes an instrument of fixed sounds and perfect intonation, no more liable to get out of tune than those of wood and metal. " The lop-stone is brought forth with shoutings of Grace ! grace unto it !" The question of Solmizatiox, or applying syllables in singing, is a little one in itself, as all agree that it is a scaffolding which ought to be cleared away as soon as it can be dispensed with. But the vigor of a plant depends on the plumpness of the seed which supplies it with nourishment for a few days, and enables it to strike its roots Musical Intonation and Temperament. 515 deeper. So, too, with a beginner in music, everything depends on beginning well. No question affecting his beginning is trifling. Two systems of Sulmization reign jointly i;, American singing schools. Both are adapted to the Diatonic scale. The better of the two applies to the degrees of every diatonic scale the names which we have applied to the scale of Do. This is perplexing to the begin- ner, and exposes the proficient to the evils of reading by the scale before mentioned. But its evil effects do not stop here. It breaks up all analogy between vocal and instrumental music. In this way the keys of 4ffs and 3 j>s are sung precisely alike, while in playing not one note is the same ; and the keys of 1# and 2 #s are sung en tirely different, while in playing they differ but in one note. The other uses but four names. It would tax ingenuity to the ut- most to make an argument in its favor. It seems incredible that it should ever have made a reader of easy music at sight, but it is said to have sometimes done it. Of course all the objections aguinsl the preceding system apply with equal force to this, and it is attended with others so serious, that its prevalence in a rational community furnishes a good illustration of the tenacity with which indefensible customs retain their hold on the best minds. All the European systems are, in the main, free from these ob- jections. The German system is precisely analogous to that which we have used, only the names selected are, unfortunately, less eupho- nious, and more disagreeable to sing — particularly the flatted and sharped names, both of which end in s. The Italian is like that we have here used, except the flats and sharps are indicated by adjec- tives instead of change of termination, and inj singing, Dob;, D< #, and DoX, are all sung Do, and so of all (he rest. By this defect lie Italians lose the advantage of learning the scales by vocal exercises and in classes — a matter of incalculable importance to those who ■' •- sign learning also an instrument, or studying harmony. The ral adoption of the German system, or better still, the names I have used,* would be an era in American music, and the following results might bo confidently anticipated : First — singers would more gene. rally become players, and thereby better singers. Second — players would almost universally become singers, and thereby better players. And lastly — thorough domestic education in music would be placed in the reach of every family where any musical instrument is well played. To this change arises the objection to every proposed change, * Invented by Professor E. Ives,' of this city. 516 Musical Intonation and Temperament. tliat it is more difficult than the old way. Experience alone can an- swer this objection, and the results will a little surprise those who, knowing it to bo better, expect to find it also slower than the old modes. But some of our best teachers are firmly of the opinion that any system of names used in singing will prove a serious impediment to vocalization, and compel the singer who has once used it to apply names in every difficult place, before he can apply the words. This is a necessary consequence of names transposed with the change of key, and it is barely possible that the inconvenience might result from a ri^'id perseverance in the use of fixed names long after the oc- casion for them had passed, but their moderate use by beginners, like spelling words to learn to pronounce them, or beating in order to keeping time, will prove a great aid at first, and, if duly discon- tinued, of not the least inconvenience afterwards. The other perfect instruments need no further notice. AVc pass to imperfect instruments, and first to Keyed Instruments, as the Organ and Piano Forte. These instruments almost universally have 12 fixed sounds in each octave. These sounds supply imperfectly the various pitches of all the scales in which we play. The difference between the true pitch and that used for it is Temperament. To examine this subject, we will suppose the 12 intervals to bo exactly equal. This is called EauM, Temperament. To divide the oc- tave into 12 equal intervals, wo must find a ratio which multiplied 12 times into itself, will produce the ratio of 1:2. This ratio is " \nnds '■<■■ v "' "•"' Ul lV - PLATE Vlff. /;,. / Aninilx l.yr Nat. IhslVol.lV. Annals lye Hal Hist Vol IV. m/s Lye. Afai Him Vol IV. PZATK XIII i # $ / N J.I Zr Cntir dd /.,//, ore* 11: /:,,./,.,■// XTerk Jrvnab Ire .Yat »>.>/. Til. V F,< 9 JJ.M. ft J/./... /,//// gf& rX Fal.Hisl Vol IV 2 3 .*w/. /-•'• MtAJKft Vol. IV. Geo. N Lawrsace, Del .,/i.f. xni-k. Pieus Lecoutei. Jones. 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