Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924104752518 ^GllE DOES j^^"^ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES ITHACA, N. y: 14583 JOHN M. ytlM HISTORY FRAGILE DOES NOT HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY, WITH Illustrations and Biographical Sketches OF la's PROMmENT MEN^ AND PIONEERS. COMPILED BY JAMES P. SNELL, ASSISTED BY FRANKLIN ELLIS AND A NUMEROUS CORPS OF WRITERS. PHILADELPHIA: EVEETS & PECK, 18 81. PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA. ^^NJC.-IO//^ . ^,\ '{^Ar^^'^' f PREFACE. The design of this work is to give the two counties treated an impartial, faithful chronicle of their past from the date of earliest settlement down to recent times. Its scope, p f^-iginally planned and laid out, seemed more than ample, yet so very much that was vr .dble for record and for preservation was gathered in the rich historic field wherein we have delved tha notwithstanding arduous labor at condensation, it has far outgrown its proposed dimensions. The author only regrets that his labors must now cease, as every passing day is adding to the treasures developed by historical research. But here the super- structure is reared upon which the future historians of these counties may build. We have striven to gather the scattered threads of the past and to weave them into a complete fabric, to which the "Art preservative of arts" shall give immortality. Over one year of patient, painstaking, and conscientious labor has been devoted to the above design by the author and his numerous staff of assistants, supplemented by the con- tributions of many of the ablest citizens of these counties, — equal to nearly ten years of constant effort of one, person. The result is embodied in this vohime; but the obstacles and vexations attendant upon its preparation will hardly be realized by those who peruse its pages. Lord Macaulay has said that perfection in historical composition was not attainable by fallible men. If there be no errors of fact or date in the legion of items herein con- tained, we shall feel that the great English historian was at fault. We have given many items of local history which may by some be thought trivial or beneath the "dignity of history." But who is competent to judge of what may be valuable or interesting to those who come after us ? Much valuable information has undoubtedly been lost to the world by the fastidious views of many historical writers. Instead of polished sentences or well-turned periods, truth in its simplicity has been our aim, — to go, as far as practicable, back to the original sources of information, and to verify by corroborative testimony whenever possible, while correcting the errors of writers who have preceded us. From colonial and other documents in the State archives, from county and township records, family manuscripts, printed publications, and innumerable private sources, we have endeavored to prepare a history which should be accurate, instructive, and an honor to the counties represented. We will not here enumerate (as is customary with many authors) the volumes which have been consulted in the preparation of this work, for several reasons : the list would fill several pages, would be read by very few, and would be a needless repetition, as a large proportion of them are given through the text in parenthetical references, foot-notes, etc. We are under special obligation, however, to the Eeverends Geo. S. Mott, D.D., of Flem- ington ; Edward Tanjore Corwin, D.D., of Millstone ; Abram Messier, D.D., Somerville ; P. A. 3 PREFACE. Studdiford, D.D., Lambertville ; John B. Thompson, Catskill, K Y. ; C. S. Conkling, Stockton ; Aaron S. Lauing, PenniDgtou ; J. P. W. Blattenberger, Eeaville ; W. W. Blauvelt, D.D., Laming- ton; John C. Rankin, D.D., Basking Eidge; N. McConaughy, Somerville, and numerous other clergymen ; to Doctors John Blane, Henry Eace, Cornelius W. and George H. Larison, Geo. E. Sullivan, Henry G. "Wagoner, etc. ; to John M. Hyde and Matt. H. Van Derveer, the present county clerks, and the several township clerks, and public ofificials generally, of both counties ; to the publishers of the Flemington Republican and Democrat; the Lambertville Beacon and Record; the Clinton Democrat; the Somerville Gazette, Unionist, and Ilessengei; etc.; Hon. Ashbel Welch and Martin Coryell, Esq., of Lambertville; Hon. John T. Bird, the late Hon. Alexander Wurts, Charles Bartles, Esq., the late Col. J. C. Eafferty, J. B. Hopewell, E. Vos- seller, Eunkle Eea, etc., of Flemington; Judge Foster, of Clinton; Judge Joseph Thompson, of Eeadington ; Hon. F. S. Holcombe, of Delaware ; Wm. B. Prall, of East Amwell ; W*^. Srope, of Frenchtown ; Lewis H. Taylor, Esq., of High Bridge ; A. V. D. Honeyman, Esq., Hon. Alvah A. Clark, Hugh Gaston, Esq., John C. Garretson, Esq., Ed. A. Veghte, J. S. Haines, Henry P. Mason, and others, of Somerville ; the McDowell family, of Bedminster ; Hon. Calvin Corle, of Branchburg; John F. Hageman, Esq., of Princeton; Jacob Weart, Esq., of Jersey City ; Hon. D. F. Beatty, of Washington, Warren Co. ; Wm. Pierson, Jr., M.D., Orange, JST. J. ; Judge James N. Eeading, Morris, 111. ; Ellis A. Apgar, A.M., State Superintendent of Public Instruction ; Joseph H. Hough, Grand Secretary of the M. W. Grand Lodge of New- Jersey, A. F. and A. M., and a multitude of others. To the publishers also we would acknowledge indebtedness, not only for valuable assistance, but especially for the elegant dress with which the historical body has been clothed and em- bellished. The result of our labor, now ended, is submitted to the citizens of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, with the assurance that this volume of facts, traditions, reminiscences, and memoirs will be by them prized and cherished as the faithful record of their past and honorable career, and as such be handed down to future generations. JAMES P. SNELL. Philadelphia, Marcli 10, 1881. E E R A T A. The name of D. P. Kenyon is spelled Kinyon in some instances, in connection with the Savings Bank etc., in Bridgewater township history, — an error occasioned by following printed copy, furnished with MSS ' and supposed to be good authority. ' On page 779, 31st line, for "1737" read 1837. COISTTENTS. HUNTEEDOIJf AND SOMERSET OOUNTIES. CHAPTER I. Discovery and Occupation op New Netherlands. Early Navigators — Hendiick Hudson — The " Half-Moon" — Tlae United New Netherland Company — Colonization by the Dutch and Banes — Mey and De Vries — Sir Edmund Ployden 9 CHAPTER II. Indian Occupation — The Original People. The Algonquin Nation — The Delawares, or Lenni-Lenap6— The "Tur- tle," " Turkey," and " Wolf' tribes — Traditionfi as to the Origin of the Delawares — Mounds and Remains — Indian Title to Lands in Hunter- don and Somerset — Indian Paths, etc 11 CHAPTER III. New Jersey under Dutch and English Rule. Swedish Settlement — Occupation by the Dutch — Subjection to the Eng- lish in 1664— Governore Carteret, Andros, etc. — Grant to the Duke of York, and transfer to Berkeley aod Carteret— Edward Byllinge — Quaker Emigration and Settlement — The two Jerseys consolidated — Governors, down to 1776 19 CHAPTER IV. The Proprietary Government of East Jersey. East Jersey under the Proprietors, 1680 to 1702 — Eobert Barclay and Thomas Eudyard — Collision with the Province of New York — Gov- ernors Barclay, Dudley, Hamilton, etc. — Opposition to Governor Basse — Opposition to the Proprietary Government — The Crisis — Surrender to the Crown, in 1702 21 CHAPTER V. Hunterdon and Somerset Counties in the Revolution. The Conflict Commences — Governor Franklin's Opposition—The Com- mittee of Correspondence and Inquiry — Meetings in Hunterdon and Somerset — First Provincial Congress — Township Meetings — The Mili- tia and "Minute-Men" — The "Committee of Safety" — Scarcity of Arms and Ammunition — The Hunterdon and Somerset Troops ordered to March — The Colony of New Jersey transformed into an Indepen- dent Stat-e — The Flying-Camp — Retreat of the American Army — The Enemy's Advance through New Jersey — Capture of Gen. Lee — Crossing the Delaware — The Fights at Trenton and Aseanpink— Battle of Princeton — WaBhington at Pluckamin — Captain Leslie — The Army goes into Winter Quarters at Morristown 25 CHAPTER VI. Hunterdon and Somerset Counties in the Revolution (Continued). The Marvelous Change produced by the Campaign of Trenton and Princeton — Gen. Howe's " Protections'* — Atrocities of the British in Somerset and Hunterdon Counties — "Washington's Proclamation to the People — Skirmish at Weston, Somerset Co. — Gen. Dickinson Defeats the British., and Captures a Wagon Train — Occupation of Middle- brook by the American Forces in 1777— Letter of Gen. Heard from Raritan — "Washington Rock" — Attempt to Entice Washington from his Stronghold in the Hills — The British Troops leave the State and the American Army march through Somerset and Hunterdon to the Delaware — Washington's Letters from Coryell's Ferry — Hunterdon and Somerset Troops at Battle of Biandywine — Valley Forge — Col. Frelinghuysen's Expedition to Staten Island — A Female Tory Dispatch- Carrier — The Tories Penn and Chew under Surveillance in Hunterdon County— Extracts from Minutes of the Council of Safety, etc. — British evacuate Philadelphia and pass through New Jersey — Wash- ington's Army cross at Coryell's — Battle of Monmouth, etc. — Somerset and Hunterdon Troops behave gallantly — Cantonments at Middle- brook — Gen. Washington and Wife at Somerville— Five Soldiers Hung — Gen. Knox's Headquarters at Pluckamin — Grand Ball and Supper — Simcoe's Eaid in 1779 — Burning of the Church, Court-house, etc. — Capt. Peter G. Yoorhees killed — The Ladies of Hunterdon and Somer- set — Close of the War — The Currency — Patriotism under War Burdens — Processes against Forfeited Estates, etc 60 CHAPTER VII. Hunterdon and Somerset Counties in the Revolution ( Continued). Continental Troops, First Establishment — Second Establishment — The "Jersey Line" — Recruiting Officers and Muster- Masters — Regiments raised, and Their Officera— Militia^The Quotas of the Two Counties — " Minute-Men" — Roster of Field- and Staff-Officers — Roster of Rev- olutionary Soldiers from these Counties, who served in the State Mili- tia and Continental Army 80 CHAPTER VIII. Slavery and Servitude in Hunterdon and Somerset. The " Peculiar Institution" in the Seventeenth Century — Servants in the Colonial Days — Indian Slaves — Eedemptioners — Laws concerning Slav- ery — The Quakers and the Institution — Few Capital Crimes committed by Negro Slaves — Negroes hung for Murdering Whites in Hunterdon and Somerset Counties — Negro Rebellion in 1734 — Abolition of Slavery — Manumission — Rev. Dr. Finley and the " American Colonization Society" 101 CHAPTER IX. Internal Improvements. I. i^oads.— The Minisink Path— The Old Burlington Path— The " Upper Road" and " Lower Road" — The Old " York Road" — The New Jersey Turnpike Company — New Germantown Turnpike Company, etc. II. Stages and Stage-Lines. — First Public Conveyance previous to 1702 — Stage-Line between Trenton and New Brunswick — " The Swift-Sure Coach-Line"— The Trenton and Flemington Mail-Coach — Post-road from New Brunswick to Flemington — Express Lines, etc. III. TJie Delaware and BarUan Ganal. — Its Incipiency, Construction, and Com- pletion — Length, Cost, etc. IV. Baiiroads. — The Central Railroad of New Jersey — South Branch Railroad — High Bridge Railroad — The Delaware and Bound Brook Railroad — The United New Jersey Rail- road and Canal Company — " The Belvidore Delaware Railroad" — The Easton and Amboy Railroad, etc 106 CHAPTER X. Hunterdon and Somerset Counties in the War of the Rebellion. The Patriotism of the People of Hunterdon and Somerset — The First Volunteers, Three Months' Men — Lambertville the First to Respond to the Governor's Call for Troops — Services in the Field of the New Jersey Brigade — Roster of the Companies from Hunterdon County 116 CHAPTER XI. Third Infantry Regiment (Three Tears). The Governor calls for Three Regiments for Three Tears' Service — The First, Second, and Third Regiments take the Field— Officers and Move- 5 CONTENTS. ments of the Third Infantry— At the Battle of Gaines' Mill— Heavy IjOBses— Gen. Taylor Wounded— Crampton's Gap— Campaign of Chau- cellorsville— Battles of theWilderness— Its Last Fight, at Cold Harbor —Regiment Mustered Out and Disbanded— Sketch of Brig.-Gen. George W. Taylor— Roster of Officers and Men from Somerset County.... 119 CHAPTER, XII. Fifth and Sixth Inpanttit Regiments. Hunterdon County furnishes a Company for each Regimeut— Officers of the Fifth and Sixth Infantry— Leave " Camp 01den"~Forra a Part of the Second New Jersey Brigade— Assigned to duty as the Third Bri- gade, in Hooker's Division — Movements on tlie Potomac — Battle of ■Williamsburg — Fair Oaks — Losses in the Peninsula Campaign — En- gaged at Bristow Station, Chantilly, etc. — Unflinching Bravery at Gettysburg— Superb Behavior at Spottsylvania Court-house— Other engagements— Muster Out— Rosters of Co. A, Fifth Infantry, and Co. H, Sixth Infantry Regiments 124 CHAPTER XIII. Fifteenth Infantry Kegiment. Three Companies from Hunterdon and Somerset — Leave for Washington —Construct "Fort Kearney"- The Fifteenth at Fredericksburg — Michael Mulvey, Co. G, the first Man killed— Battle of Chancellorsville — The " Wilderness" — Capt. Yanderveer and Lieut. Hamilton wounded — Roster of Casualties in the vicinity of Spottsylvania Court-house — In the Charge at Ctdd Harbor — With Sheridan's Army in the Shenan- doah Talley — Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek Engagements — Maj. Boe- man killed — List of Battles of the Fifteenth — Rosters of Officers and Enlisted Men of the Companies from these Counties 132 CHAPTER XIV. Thirtieth and Thirty-first Infantry Brgjments. Rendezvous at Flemington — Both Regiments Mustered into Service Sept. 17, 1862 — Officers of Regiments, and of Hunterdon and Somerset Companies — Movements in "Virginia, with tlie Army of the Potomac — Promotion of Lieut.-Col. Chadek, Major Ten Eyck, Major Honey- man, etc. — The Two Regiments at the Battle of Chancellorsville — The Thirty-first Regiment, as Rear-Guard, hold the Enemy in Check — Other Movements and Services of these Commands — Rosters of the Companies from Hunterdon and Somerset Counties 142 CHAPTER XV. Thirty-fifth Infantry, and Other Regiments. Officers of the Thirty-fifth Regiment, and of Company A — Movements of the Regiment in Virginia and in the Southwest — In the Georgia Cam- paign, with Sherman — Capt. Angel killed — Battle of Decatur — In Front of Atlanta — " March to the Sea" — Close of its Campaigning, and Mus- ter Out — Roster of Co. A — Hunterdon and Somerset Men in other Regi- ments; Co. F, Ninth Infantry; Co. E, Eleventh Infantry; Co. B, Thirty-eighth Infantry 149 CHAPTER XVI. Educational and Statistical. The Early Dutch enjoin the Support of a Schoolmaster, in 1629 — First Schoolmaster and School-house in New Jersey — The Scotch-Presby- terians bring Schoolmasters with them — The Quakers and Schools — Colonial Legislation — The Colleges — School-Fund created in 1817 — Subsequent Legislation, etc. — Free Schools — Educational Statistics of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties — Statistics of Population, etc.. 153 HTJIsTTEiaiDOIsr GOXjasTT-sr. CHAPTER I. Physical Seosrapht and GrEOLoar of HnNTERDON Coukty. Mountains, Streams, and otUer Physical Features of the County — Geo- logical FormationB, etc 159 CHAPTER II. Land Titles and Settlbjient. Title derived from the Crown — Deeds from Indians — Head-lands — Irregu- larity in Surveys — Treaty with Indians, 1703 — Dividends of Land — Proprietary Tracts— Early Settlement— The Quakers make iirst Settle- ment, in 1676 — Firet Church — First Accurate Survey in Hunterdon, 1707— Tax-roll of 1722— Early Settlers in Various Portions of the County — Early Bridges — First Road — Early Mills — During the Revo- lution — Growth, etc 182 CHAPTER III. Organization and Citil History. Hunterdon set off from Burlington — Changes in its Territory — First Offi- cers — Townships — Colonial Elections — Poll-List of 173S — First Deed on Record— Innkeeper's Prices in 1722 — Early Taverns Licensed — Ex- tracts from " Records of the Proceedings of the Justices and Freehold- ers, liegiijning 1739" — Wolf and Panther Bounties— First Meeting of the Board at Flemington, etc 190 CHAPTER IV. Courts and County Buildings. Fii-st Courts — First Judges, Magistrates, and Grand Jury — Court-house and Jail at Trenton — First Record of the •' Cort of General Quarter Sessions" — Extracts from " Minutes of the Hunterdon County Court" — Notable Early Trials — Orphans' Courts — Trials for Murder — The County Buildings 196 CHAPTER V. The Bench and Bar of Hunterdon County. Hunterdon County noted for the Ability of her Judges and the Brilliancy of her Bar — Early Colonial Judges — Judges and Justices — Samuel Johnston, Samuel Tucker, Daniel Coxe, Isaac Smith, Moore Fumian, Jasper Smith, John Mehelm, Jolin Dagworthy, Andrew Smith, Stacy G. Potts, John Carr, John S. Stires, Joseph Reading, etc. — Eminent Jurists — Early Lawyers — Later Lawyers — Biographical Notices of George C. Maxwell, William Maxwell, Joseph Bonnell, Thomas Potts Johnson, Samuel R. Stewart, Nathaniel Saxton, William H. Sloan, Alexander Wurts, Garret D. Wall, Richard Howell, Samuel Lilly, James N. Reading, Samuel Leake, George A, Allen, Richard S. Kuhl, etc 202 CHAPTER VI. / The Medical Profession of Hunterdon Cousty. Medicine and Doctors in the Early Days — The Distiict Medical Society of Hunterdon Connty— Biographical Sketches of the Physicians of the County, both dead and living— History of Homoeopathy in Hunterdon, etc 216 CHAPTER VII. The Press of Hunterdon County. First Newspaper in the State— The First Paperin the County— The Hun- terdon Gazette, the Pioneer Paper in what is now Hunterdon — The Hunterdon Eepwijitcan- Clinton Newspapers — The Lambertville Press — The Press of Frenchtown — Other Papers 235 CHAPTER VIII. Authors of Hunterdon County. Prefatory Remarks— Sketches of Forty-seven Authors of the County, arranged Alphabetically, with List of their Publications 238 CHAPTER IX. Societies. Sketch of the Hunterdon County Bible Society— Hunterdon County Agricultural Society— County Grange, Patrons of Husbandry— The Temperance Alliance— Teachers' Institutes— County Sunday-School Association ^.g CHAPTER X. Some of the Prominent Men of Hunterdon County. Gen. Daniel Morgan-Gen. Philemon Dickinson-Gen. William Maxwell -Col. Charles Stewart-Col. Philip Johnson-Col. Joab Houghton- Ool. Mark Thompson-Col. Isaac Smith— John Mehelm-John Hari>- John Stevens- Robert Livingston Stevens— Edwin A. Stevens— Rev Peter Studdiford-Rev. Casper Wack-Rev. John Vanderveer-Eev George S. Mott, D.D.-Henry' D. Maxwell-Eli Bosenbui-y-Peter Cramer— Charles W. Godown— James M. Ramsey 251 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XI. Civil List op Huntekdon County. List of National, State, and County Officers 255 TO^VWSHIPS AWD BOKOTJGHS OP HTJIirTEE- DON COUNTY. City of Lambertville 265 Karitan (including Flemington) '. 298 West Amwell 343 East Amwell 350 Delaware 370 Kingwood , .Ml Boroiigh of Frenchtown 405 Alexandria 414 Holland 424 Franklin 430 Lebanon ., 445 Bethlehem 457 Tewlisbury 471 Readington 486 Union 508 High Bridge 625 Clinton 633 Borough of Clinton 644 CHAPTER I. The Physical Features of Somerset County. Location— Extent— Boundariei^ — Physical Features- (Jeological Forma- tions—The Red Sandstone, Red Shale, limestone. Trap, and other Rocks — Minerals and Mines, etc.. 651 CHAPTER II. Land Purchases and Settlements. Indian Tribute to Jersey's Honorable Dealings— First and Second In- dian Purchases— Early Settlements— The Scotch— Early Dutch Set- tlers, their Ways and Customs, Style of Building, etc.— List of Persons who purchased Land in Somerset County north of the Raritan... 659 CHAPTER IIL Erection, Organization, and Boundaries op Somerset County. Original Counties- Somerset as a Township, and Formation as a County Townships Formed — Boundaries of County Defined— Part of Essex annexed to Somersets-Boundary between Somerset and Morris Coun- ties— Re-establishment of Line between Middlesex and Somerset— Part of Montgomery Township surrendered to Mercer, and Franklin to Middlesex- Tewksbury Township annexed to Somerset, etc 663 CHAPTER TV. Courts and County Buildings. Early Courts— Grand Jury of 1717- Precept to the Coroner, 1729— Early Trials, etc.— Orphans' Court— Marriage Bonds— Public Buildings— Court-House, Jail, etc 666 CHAPTER V. Early Roads and Bridges in Somerset County. The first mention of "Ways" or Roads— Deshler on Early Roads— The road "up Raritan"— Other Highways-Extract from old " Road Book" of Somerset County— New Jersey Turnpike Company— Early Bridges —Marriages in 1797— List of Bridges in 1805, etc 573 CHAPTER VI. The Bench and Bar of Somerset County. The Bar of Somerset County eminent for Genius, Learning, and Pa- triotism — Reminiscences — Names of the Bar from 1769 to 1860 — List of the Present Bar— Sketches of William Patereon, Peter D. Vroom, Samuel L. Southard, William L. Dayton, John M. Mann, William Griffith, the Frelinghuysens, Judges Kirkpatrick, Nevias, etc.; and Hugh M. Gaston, Alvah A. Clark, John Schomp, and many others of the Present Bar of the County 679 CHAPTER VII. History of the Medical Profession of Soxirrset County. The County Medical Society: its Origin, Officers, and Members — Bio- graphical Sketches of John Reeve, William M. McKissack, Peter I. Stryker, Abraham Van Buren, the Van Derveera and Schencks, Wil- liam H. Merrill, Peter Ten Eyck, H. G. Wagoner, Ohauncey M. Field, etc 694 CHAPTER VIII. The Prkss of Sosierset County. The Press of Somerville: The Messen{ier, The Unvjnist, and The Gazetie — Tlie Bound Brnok Chronicle — The Press of the Past : The Somerset Whig, The LUernry Gem, The Cornel, The Somerset News, The MiUatone Mirror, The Bound Brook JrtfUS, Our Some, The Sower, Flowers^ Family Maga- zine, etc 606 CHAPTER IX. Books and Authors of Sosiebset County. Introductory — The Authors of Somerset County, Dead and Living, arranged alphabetically, with Biographical Data and Lists of their Publications 611 CHAPTER X. County Societies. County Bible Society — County Teachers' Institute — County Sunday- School Association — County Temperance Association — Agricultural Societies 630 CHAPTER XL Men of Prominence. Biographical Sketches of John Royce, Hendrick Fisher, Lord Stirling, Capt. John and Gen. Peter I. Stryker, Alexander and James Linn ; Revs. Wm. Jackson, John Cornell, Isaac V. Brown, Spence H. Cone ; T. DeWitt Talmage, John F. Mesick, Elbert S. Porter, Morris C. Sut- phin ; Theodore Strong, LL.D., Judge Berrien, Hon. Peter A. Voor- hees, Judge Ralph Voorhees, Hon. Rynier H. Veghte, William H. Qatzmer, Andrew Hageman, etc 636 CHAPTER XIL Civil List, Somerset County. National Officers: Delegates to Continental Congress, Senators and Rep- resentatives, Presidential Electors, etc. — State Officers: Members of Council, Senate, and Assembly, Governors, State Treasurers, Secreta- ries, Chancellors, Justices and Associate Justices, etc. — County Officers : Judges, Justices, Clerks, Surrogates, Sheriffs, Coroners, Collectors, CommisBioners of Deeds, etc ' 642 TOVCWSHIPS AND VILLAGES OP SOMEESET COUBTTT. Bridgewater (including Somerville) 648 Bedminster 699 Bernard "^34 Branchburg 756 Hillsborough 773 Franklin 802 Montgomery 834 Warren 851 North Plainfleld 869 CONTENTS. BIOC3-K/7^I=S:iOJ^L. PAGE SamuelJohnstott ■ 203 Samuel Tucker » 203 Moore Furman 203 Jasper Smith 204 JohnMehelm 204 Stacy G. Potts 204 Samuel Lilly 205 David Van Fleet 205 Abram Y. Van Fleet 205 Bennet Van Syckel 205 George G. Maxwell 206 William Maxwell 206 Lucius H. Stockton 206 Thomas P. Jolinson 207 Charles Stewart 207 Nathaniel Saxton 207 William H. Sloan 207 Alexander Wurts 208 Garret D. Wall 208 Richard Howell 209 James N. Reading 209 Samuel Leake 210 Peter L Clark 211 John N. Voorhees 211 George A.Allen 211 John T. Bird 212 Jacob Weart 212 Edmund Pen-^' 212 Edward P. Conkling 213 Peter Vredenburgh 213 Nathaniel W. Voorhees 214 John C. Rafferty 214 Theo. J. Hoffman 215 John Rockhill " 218 John Manners 219 John Bowne 219 Oliver Barnet 220 Isaac Ogden 220 Henry H. Schenck, Jr 221 John .Honeyman 221 George P. Rex .' 221 JohnF. Schenck 222 James H. Studdiford 222 Edmund Porter 223 Nicholas J. E. de Belleviile 223 John Blane 224 Andrew B. Larison 230 John Lilly 230 George R. Sullivan 230 Henry Race 233 Ashbel Welch 289 P.O. Studdiford 291 Martin Coryell 292 Wm. McCready ; 293 Alexander H. Holcombe 294 Geo. H. Larison between 294^295 Richard McDowell 295 Cornelius Arnett 295 James C. Weeden 296 John Sproat 297 Charles Bartles 338 John 0. Hopewell 341 RunkleRea 341 Peter L Nevius 342 Caleb F. Fisher between 348,349 Jacob Reed " 348,349 Cornelius W. Larison 366 James S. Fisher 367 Abraham Ten Brooke Williamson 367 Nathan Stout 368 William B. Prall 369 PAGE Joseph Williamson 388 Andrew Larason 388 Benjamin Larison 389 Elisha Patterson Tomlinson 389 Isaac S. Cramer 390 Joshua Primmer 391 Wesley Bellis 403 John Kngler 403 Matthew Family 404 Asa MacPherson 442 Daniel Little 443 AeaCase 443 Hiram Deats 444 Daniel F. Beatty 454 Cornelius Stewart 455 Nathan Lance 456 William W. Swayze 457 Sylvester H. Smith 467 Howard Servie 467 Samuel Creveling, Sr 468 John C. Wene 468 Samuel Creveling, Jr between 468, 469 W. S. Ci-eveliug " 468,469 Martin H. Creveling " 468,469 David F. Wene 469 Joseph W. Willever 469 William Tinsman 470 W. R. Little between 470, 471 Moses Robins " 470, 471 N. Schuyler faciDg 480 Robert Craig 484 Samuel W. Salter 485 James N. Pidcock 504 B. A. Watson 504 John Kline 506 David M. Kline 506 Albert Shannon facing 507 Lambert B. Kline 607 Isaac Rowe * 507 Frederic A. Potts 519 William Egbert 599 Edward A. Rockhill 521 Charles Carhart 522 Joseph KiDg 523 Joseph B. Probasco 524 Nathaniel B. Boileau 524 Jacob Cregar 53^ David Neighbour 532 Robert Van Amburgh c^^q Jonathan Dawea ^^^ John F. Grandin, M.D 5^2 Joseph Fritts ^^3 William Paterson coq Richard Stockton p^gQ Peter D. Vroom -n, Samuel L. Southard ^.-jn William L. Dayton ran Andrew Kirkpatrick ^go William Griffith ^„^ oo4 Thomas A. Hartwell ^q, William Thomson __. 584 John M. Mann ^„. Jacob Bergen Jacob R. Hardenbergh ..^ George McDonald Gen. Frederick Frelinghuyseu t^oc JohnFrelinghuysen " ' ^np Theodore Frelinghuysen ;-n» Theodore Frelinghuysen, Jr egg Frederick Frelinghuysen gg^ Theo. Frelinghuysen, Jr * ^^^ CONTENTS. PAGE Dumont Frelinghuysen 687 Frederick T. FrelinghuyBen 687 James S. Nevius „. 689 Geo. H. Brown 689 Jas. S. Green 689 Jno. P.Stockton 690 Eobt. F, Stockton 690 Josepli Thompson 690 Alvah A. Clark 690 Jno. Schomp 591 Jno. P. nageman 591 Jno. V. Voorhees 592 Isaiah N. Dilts .' 692 Hugh M. Gaston 692 Jas. J. Bergen 692 John D. Bartine 592 A. V. D.Honeyman 593 Garrit S. Cannon 693 Abraham 0. Zabriskie 693 John Reeve 595 Wm. M. McKissack 695 Peter I. Stryker 605 Abraham Van Buren 596 Lawrence Van Derveer 596 Henry Van Derveer, of Somerrille 596 Henry Van Derveer, of Pluckaniin 696 Henry H. Van Derveer 697 Garret Van Doren 597 Ferdinanrt S. Schenck 598 Jacob T.B. Skillman 698 A. T. B. Van Doren 600 Wm. D. McKiesack 600 Wm. H.Merrill '. 601 Peter Ten Byck 601 Jno. V. Schenck 602 Henry G. Wagoner 604 Chauncey M. Field 604 Henry F. Van Derveer 605 Daniel Porter 607 Abraham Messier 670 E. S. Doughty facing 681 Joshua Doughty 681 Davenport Family 689 Jno. E. Emery 692 Aaron V. Ganetson 693 Sej'mour C. Truutnian ; 694 Jno. T. Van Deiveer 695 David Dunn 690 Abram J. Powelson 696 George McBiide 697 Williiim Hodge 098 George Lane 698 Henry P. Staats between G98, 699 D. P. Kenyon " 698, 699 JohnWhitenack " 698, 699 A. H. Brokaw " 698,699 William A. McDowell 726 A. W. McDowell 728 Peter J. Lanp 7i9 John G. Schomp 73o Cornelius W. Schomp 7;i0 William Heath 731 Martin LaTourette "^32 John McDowell T32 Frederick H. Lane between 732, 733 William A. Van Dorn 733 Abraliiini Smith T33 PAGE Ephraim E. Stelle between 738, 739 0. E. Stelle " 738,739 Preeman Stelle " 738,739 James P. Goltra facing 740 Ferdinand Van Dorn 761 Oliver Dunster 762 David W. King 763 Peter Z. Smith 754 Joseph Annin 764 Thomas Holmes 754 Isaiah Smith 755 John H. Anderson 765 Edward Vail facing 766 Calvin Corle 766 Henry V. VoorheeB 767 A. Fleming between 768, 769 Tunis Van Camp " 768,769 James Ten Byck 769 Simon A. Nevius 770 Isaac Dumont 770 Ahram Van Nest 771 G. Voorhees Quick 772 Peter G. Schomp 772 Tunis D. Myers facing 773 James H. Van Cleef between 776, 777 P.N. Beekman " 776,777 Edward T. Corwiu 794 Abraham Van Nuys 796 Peter G. Quick 796 David K. Auten 797 Peter P. Quick 798 Jacob Dilts 798 John Van Doren '. 799 Isaac V. D. Hall 799 Peter W. Young 800 Frederick V. L. VoorheeB '. between 800, 801 ZacheusBergeu " 800, 801 Peter C. Van Arsdale " 800, 801 John Everett " 800,801 Abraham L. Hoagland " 800,801 Andrew Lane 801 Peter Q. Hoagland 801 Abraham V. D. Staats 802 Benjamin B. Hagemen facing 804 Charles B. Moore " 812 Peter Stoothoff " 814 Albert V. Garretson 825 Stephen Garritson 825 James S. Garretson 826 Jacob Wyckoff 826 Peter Wyckoff 827 Josiah Schanclt 828 Peter A. Voorhees 829 William H. Gulick 830 Cornelius Barcalow 831 Abraham J. Suydam 832 F. V. L. Nevius facing 833 John S. Nevius 833 John Van Zandt 848 James N. Van Zandt 849 Abram C. Wikoff '. 849 David 0. Voorhees 850 Peter Stryker Stout 860 Lawrence Van Derveer facing 860 Heury Duryee *' 851 Samuel Giddes " 866 Archibald Coddington " 800 10 CONTENTS. Z3L.IjXJSTI^.^TI02SrS. PAGE Outline Map of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties between 8, 9 "Washington's Headquarters at Hocky Hill facing 79 Hunterdon County Court-House 202 Portrait of John N. Voorhees facing 211 " E. P. Conkling " 213 " John Blane 21i LAMBEETVILIiE. Kesidence of A. H. Holcombe facing 2G5 View of India-Bubber Works " 282 Portrait of Ashbel Welch " 2S9 P. 0. Studdiford " 291 " Martin Coryell " 292 " William McCready " 293 " A. H. Holcombe " 294 " George H. Larison between 294, 295 " R. McDowell facing 295 " C. Arnett 295 " James C, Weeden facing 296 " John Sproat 297 BARITAnsr. View of Baptist Church, Flemington 319 Plan of Flemington in 1767 326 " " 1812 329 Portrait of C. Battles facing 338 " John C. Hopewell " 341 " Bunkle Rea 342 " Peter I. Nevius facing 342 "WEST AMMTELL. Portrait of Cabel F. Fisher between 348, 349 Jacob Beed . EAST AM^WELL. Portrait of Cornelius W. Larison facing 366 James S. Fisher 3G7 A. T. AVilliamson 3G8 Nathan Stout 368 William B. Prall 369 DELAASTARE. Portrait of Joseph Williamson 388 " Andrew Larason 388 " Benjamin Larison between 388, 389 Residence of Benjamin Larison " 388, 389 Portrait of E. P. Tonilinson 389 " Isaac S. Cramer facing 390 " Joshua Primmer .■ 391 KIISTG'WOOD. Portrait of Wesley BelHs facing 403 " John Kugler 404 FRAKKLII^. Residence of John Willson facing 432 Portrait of Hiram Beats " 441 " Daniel Little " 443 " Asa Mcpherson 443 " Asa Case 444 LEBAWOK. Yiew of Old Mount Lebanon Methodist Church 450 " the Old Eight-Square School-House 453 Portrait of Daniel F. Beatty faring 454 " Cornelius Stewart 456 '* Nathan Lance „ 456 " William W. Swayze facing 457 BETHLEHEM. ^^^^ Portrait of Sylvester H. Smith facing 4G7 " Howard Servis 468 *' Samuel Creveliug, Sr between 468, 469 " Samuel Creveling.Jr " 468,469 " W. S. Creveling " 468,469 " Martin H. Creveling " 4GS, 469 " John C. Wene facing 469 " David F. AVene 469 " William Tinsman 470 " Joseph W. Willever between 470, 471 Residence of Joseph W. Willever " 470, 471 W. H. Drake " 470, 471 Portrait of W. R. Little " -170,471 Portraits of Moses Robins and Wife " 470, 471 TE"WKSBUBY. Portraits of Nathan and Andrew Schuyler facing 480 Portrait of Robert Craig " 484 " Samuel W. Salter '* 485 BEADINGTON. Portrait of John Kline facing 503 " J. N.Pidcock .'. " 504 " B. A.Watfion " 505 Portraits of Isaac Rowe, David M. Kline, L. B. Kline " 506 Portrait of Albert Shannon " 507 UNION. Portrait of F. A, Potts facing 519 " William Egbert 520 Edward A. Rockhill... 521 '* Charles Carhart facing 622 " Joseph King 523 " J. B. Probasco 524 HIGH BRIDGE. Portrait of Jacob Cregar 531 " David Neighbour , facing 532 CLINTON. Portrait of Robert Van Amburgh facing 640 " Jonathan Dawes " 541 " John Grandiu 642 " John F. Grandin 542 " Joseph FrittB 54.3 Map of Land Patents North Half of Somerset County fating 562 View of Somerset County Court-Houso '* 568 Portraitof Frederick T. Frelinghuysen «' 588 Josepli Thompson 590 Alvah A. Clark 59^^ JohnSchomp facing 691 601 W. H. Merrill Peter Ten Eyok.. CM. Field Daniel Porter ..facing ..facing BRIDGE'WATER. View of First Reformed Church Portraitof Abraham Messier '* Joshxia Doughty " E. S. Doughty « " James S. Davenport JohnR.Emery "ZZ^.ZZf^iue' " Aaron V. Qarretson " « CTroutman "ZZIZZIZIf^^g John Van Dorveer.. David Dunn.. 602 604 G08 670 6Y0 680 681 .689 602 693 094 CONTENTS. 11 PAGE Portrait of Abram J. Powelfion 697 " George MoBride 697 " William Hodge 698 " Henry B. Staate between 698, 699 " D. P. Kenyoo " 698,699 "' A.H. Brokaw " 698,699 " John Whitenack " 698,699 " George Lane 699 BEDMIKTSTEK. Porti-aitof W. A. McDowell facing 726 " A. W. McDowell " 72S " Peter J. Lane 729 " John G. Schomp 73U " C. W. Schomp facing 730 " Wm. Heath ■- 731 " John McDowell 732 " Martin La Tuuretle facing 732 " Fred. H. Lane between 732, 733 " W. A. Van Dorn facing 733 " Abmham Smith 734 BEKNAKD. Portrait of Ephraim K. Stelle between 738, 739 O. K. Stelle " 738,739 " Freeman Stelle " 738, 739 " Jas. P. Goltra facing 740 " Ferdinand A'an Dorn 751 " Oliver Dunster facing 752 " David W.King " 763 " Peter Z.Smith " 754 " Job. Annin between 754, 755 " Thos. Holmes " 754,755 " John H. Andei-sun facing 756 *' Isaiah Smith 755 " Edward Vail facing 766 BEAWCHBTTEG. Portrait of Calvin Corle facing 766 " Henry V. A'oorhees " 767 " A. Fleming between 768, 769 " Tnnis Van Camp " 768,769 " James Ten Eyck 769 " Simon Nevius 770 " Isaac Dumont facing 770 " A. Van Nest 771 G.V. Quick 772 " P. G. Schomp facing 772 Tunis D. Myers " 773 HILLSBOEOUGH. Map of. Early Purchases, Somerset County facing 774 Residence of Frederick Davey « " 776 Portrait of Joseph H. Van Cleef. between 776, 777 PAGE Portrait of P. N. Beekman between 776, 777 Edward T. Corwln facing 794 Abraham Van Nuys 795 Peter 6. Quick facing 796 David K. Auten 797 Jacob Dilts 798 Peter P. Quick facing 798 John Van Doren " 799 Isaac V. D. Hall 800 Peter W.Toung facing 800 F. V. L. Voorhees between 800, 801 Zacheus Bergen " 800,801 Peter C. Van Arsdala " 800,801 John Everett " 800,801 A. L.Hoagland " 800,801 Peter Q Hoagland facing 801 Andrew Lane 801 A. V. D. Staatz 802 FEANKLIBT. Portrait of Benjamin B. Hageman facing 804 " Peter A. Voorhees " 811 " Charles B. Moore 812 " Peter Stoothoff. facing 814 Besidence of Stephen Garritson " 816 Portrait of Albert V. Garretson between 824, 825 " Stephen Garritson " 824,825 " James S. Garretson 826 " Jacob Wyckoff. facing 826 " Peter Wyckoff. 828 " Josiah Schanck 828 " 'William H. Gulick 830 *' Cornelius Barcalow facing 831 " Abraham J. Suydam 882 " F.V. L. Nevius facing 833 Eesidenco of F. V. L. Nevius : " 833 John S. Nevius 833 MOBTTGOMEBY. Residence of David C. Vooi-hees facing 837 " Heni-y V. Hoagland " 838 Portrait of John Van Zandt 848 Residence of James Van Zandt facing 848 Portraitof Abram G. Wikoff 849 " David 0. Voorhees 850 " Peter Stryker Stout 850 " Lawrence Van Derveer facing 850 " Henry Duryee " 851 ■WAEEEIf. Portraitof Samuel Giddes facing 856 NOETH PLAIWFIELD. Portrait of Archibald Coddington facing 860 HUNTERbONaSOMERSET XPounjties.m fi Z W J ER S tY. HISTOET OF HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NE"W JERSEY. CHAPTEK I. DISCOVEKIT AND OCCtTPATIOBr OP 3!TE-W liTETHEKLAlirDS. ^ Early Navigators — Hendrick Hudson — The " Half-Moon" — The United New Netherland Company — Colonization by the Dutch and Danes — Mey and De Tries — Sir Edmund Ployden. It is unnecessary, and wtolly beyond the scope of these local annals, to narrate the story, which is famil- iar to every reader of history, of the voyages made by the first and other early discoverers of the islands and coasts of America — ^the Northmen, Columbus, Vespucci, and others — down to the time when Henry Hudson entered and explored the noble bay and river which form a part of New Jersey's eastern boundary. Of that enterprising navigator — Hudson — very little is known, except that he was a native of England, a friend of John Smith, the founder of Virginia ; that in his youth he received a thorough maritime educa- tion and in later years became a distinguished mariner and discoverer. In 1607 the London Company in- trusted him with the command of an expedition com- missioned to discover a shorter passage to China. During 1607 and 1608 Hudson made two voyages for this company in search of the " Northwest Passage,'' after which, the company discontinuing further efibrts in that direction, he turned his attention towards Hol- land. The celebrated truce between the Dutch and Span- iards had about this time been completed, and the Dutch, a rising maritime power, became ambitious of conquest in America. Hudson applied to the Dutch East India Company. The directors of the Zealand department opposed the Englishman's proposals, but the Amsterdam Chamber encouraged the enterprise, and furnished for this important voyage a yacht or "Vlie-boat" called " de Halve-Maan,"—" KaU- 2 Moon." This vessel belonged to the company. She was of eighty tons' burden, and was equipped for the voyage by a crew of twenty sailors, partly Dutch and partly English. The command was intrusted to Hud- son, and a Dutch " underschipper," or mate, was second in command. The " Half-Moon" left Am- sterdam on the 4th day of April, 1609, and on the 6th left the Texel. Hudson doubled the Cape of Norway on the 5th of May, but found the sea so full of ice that he was obliged to change his course. Early in July, after cruising around farther north, Hudson arrived on the banks of Newfoundland, where he was becalmed long enough to catch more cod than his " small store of salt could cure." He next went west into the Penobscot, where he remained a week cutting timber for a new foremast. He then shaped his course to the southward and entered the Chesa- peake Bay. He soon after anchored in Delaware Bay. Leaving the Delaware, he proceeded along the coast to the northward, following the eastern shore of New Jersey, and finally anchored inside of Sandy Hook, Sept. 3, 1609. On the 5th of September (as appears from his jour- nal) Hudson sent his boat ashore for the purpose of sounding the waters lying to the south, in the vicinity of what is now known as the " Horse-shoe." " Here the boat's crew landed and penetrated some distance into the woods, in the present limits of Monmouth County," of this State. " They were very well received by the natives, who presented them very kindly with what the journal calls ' green tobacco,' and also with ' dried currants' (probably whortleberries), which were repre- sented as having been found in great plenty and of very excellent quality. " On the 6th of September, Hudson sent a boat manned with five hands to explore what appeared to be the mouth of a river, at the distance of about four 10 HUNTBKDON AND SOMEKSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. leagues from the ship. This was, no doubt, the strait between Long and Staten Islands, generally called 'the Narrows.' Here, the writer of the journal ob- serves, ' a good depth of water was found,' and within a large opening, and a narrow river to the west ; m which it is evident he refers to what is now called the Kills, or the channel between Bergen Neck and Staten Island. In exploring the bay and the adjacent waters the- boat's crew spent the whole day. On their way in returning to the ship, towards night, they were at- tacked by the natives in two canoes. A skirmish en- sued, in which John Colman was killed by an arrow, which struck him in the throat, and two more were wounded. The next day the remains of Colman were interred on a point of land not far from the ship, which from that circumstance received the name of Colman's Point, and which probably was the same that is now called Sandy Hook." Subsequently, Hudson sailed through the Narrows and up the river which bears his name, exploring it as far as Albany.* Eeturning, he came out of the river October 4th, and without anchoring in the bay proceeded directly to Europe. He says in his journal : " The fourth waa faire weather, and the wind at north-north-west. We weighed and canae out of the Riuer into which we had runno ho farre. Within a while after, we came out also of The great mouth of the great Riuer that runneth up to the north west, borrowing vpou the north- ern side of the same, thinking to haue deepe water; for wee had sounded a great way with our boat at our first going in, and found seuen, six, and five fathomes. So we came out that way, but we were deceiued, for we had but eight foot and an halfe water ; and so to three, five, three, and two fathomes and an halfe. And then three, foure, flue, sixe, seven, eight, nine, and ten fathomes. And by twelue of the clocke we were cleere of all the inlet. Then we took in our boat, aild set our mayne sayle and sprit sayle, and our top sayles, and steered away east-south-east, and south-east by east, off into the mayne sea; and the land on the souther side of the bay or inlet did beare at noone west and by south foure leagues from vs. " The fifth was faire weather, and the wind variable between the north and the east. Wee held on our course south-east by eaat. At noone I observed and found our height to be 39 degrees 30 min., our compasse varied sixe degrees to the west. *' We continued our course toward England, without seeing any land by the way, all the rest of this moneth of October. And on the seuenth day of Nouember, sUlo nouv, being Saturday, by the grace of God, we safely arrived in the Range of Dartmouth, in Devonshire, in the yeere 1609." This discovery gave the Dutch at once an entrance into the heart of the American continent, where the best furs could be procured without interruption from the French or English, both of which nations claimed this territory. Nor were the Dutch 'slow in availing themselves of this golden opportunity. " In 1610 it appears that at least one ship was sent hither by the East India Company for the purpose of trading in furs, which it is well known continued for a number of years to be the principal object of commercial at- traction to this part of the New World. Five years after Hudson's voyage a company of merchants, who had procured from the States-General of Holland a • He explored the river, according to his own account, a distance of fifty-three leagues from its mouth. patent for an exclusive trade on Hudson's Eiver, had built forts and established trading-posts at New Am- sterdam (New York), Albany, and the mouth of the Eondout Kill. The latter was a small redoubt, on the site of what is now a part of the city of Kingston, N. Y. It was known as the ' Eonduit,' from whence comes the name of Eondout."t The fort near Albany was upon Castle Island, immediately below the pres- ent city, and the one at New York was erected on what is now the Battery. On the 11th of October, 1614, the " United Com- pany" of merchants, above referred to, received their special grant. This conferred upon Gerrit Jacob Witsen, former burgomaster of the city of Amster- dam, and his twelve associates, ship-owners and mer- chants of Amsterdam, the exclusive right to " visit and navigate all the lands situate in America be- tween New France and Virginia, the sea-coasts of which lie between the fortieth and forty-fifth degrees of latitude, which are now named New Netherlands, and to navigate, or cause to be navigated, the same for four voyages within the period of three years, to commence from the 1st day of January, 1615, or sooner." Having thus obtained the exclusive right to trade in the new country, they assumed the name and title of "The United New Netherland Company." This company took possession of the Hudson Eiver, then called by them " De Eiviere van den Vorst Mau- ritius," and carried forward their enterprise with commendable zeal. The Hollanders were a trading people, and their bartering- or trading-posts were es- tablished at points which were natural outlets for all the trapping regions tributary to the Hudson. This led in a short time to the settlement of those points. Determined upon the settlement of a colony, the States-General in 1621 granted the country to the West India Company ; and in the year 1625, Peter Minuet arrived at " Fort Amsterdam" as the first Gov- ernor or director.! The first emigrants under Minuet appear to have been from the river Waal, in Guelderland, and, un- der the name of " Waaloons,'' founded the first per- manent settlement beyond the immediate protection of the cannon of Fort Amsterdam. They settled at Brooklyn, opposite New York, and were the first who professionally pursued agriculture. § f Broadhead's Hist, of New York, vol. i. p. 7. JHist. and Antiq, of the Northern States (Barber), p. 60. g At this period the English government seems to have been indiffer- ent concerning the continued occupation of the Dutch. The only meas- ure adopted to effect their removal was the issuing of a grant, June 21, 1634, to Sir Edmund Ployden for the land they occupied. It conferred upon Sir Edmund the country between Cape May and Long Island Sound, for forty leagues inland. This track was erected into a free county-palatine by the name of New Albion^ and over it, with the title of " Earl Palatine," Ployden was made governor, he having, as it is stated, — although the fact may well be doubted, — " amply and copiously peopled the same with five hundred persons." He, however, visited the province, and resided therein seven years, exercising his office as governor ; but, although he may have assumed, on paper, his rights as lord of the soil by granting to various individuals large tracts of land, INDIAN OCCUPATION.— THE ORIGINAL PEOPLE. 11 Meanwhile, a number of Danes or Norwegians, who accompanied the Dutch colonists to New Netherlands, had effected a settlement at Bergen, so called from a city of that name in Norway. This was about the year 1618. In 1623 the West India Company dis- patched a ship loaded with settlers, subsistence, and articles of trade. The vessel was commanded by Cornelius Jacobus Mey. He entered Delaware Bay, and gave his own name to its northern cape, which it still retains, — Cape May. He explored the bay and the river, and at length landed and built a fort upon a stream called by thgjiatives Sassachm (now Timb er Creek)^ which empties into the Delaware below Cam- den. The fortification was called "Fort Nassau," and its erection may be considered as the first attempt to establish a settlement on the eastern shore of the Delaware.* In the winter of 1630-31, David Pietersen De Vries, in command of a vessel, arrived in the Delaware, but found that Fort Nassau had fallen into the hands of the Indians. He erected a fort, colonized his new settlers, and returned to Holland. During his absence a feud arose with one of the native tribes ■which terminated in the massacre of all the colonists. De Vries returned soon after with a new company, and, while he mourned the loss of his former com- panions, he narrowly escaped a similar fate. He was saved by the kindness of an Indian woman, who in- formed him that treachery was intended. But, " dis- heartened by repeated disasters, the Dutch soon after abandoned the country, and for some years not a single European was left upon the shores of the Delaware." f CHAPTER IL INDIAIT OCCUPATION.— THE OKIGINAL PEOPLE. The Algonquin Nation— The Delawares, or Lenni-Lcnap^- The "Tur- tle," "Turkey," and " Wolf" tribes— Traditions aa to the Origin of the Delawares — Mounds and Remains — Indian Title to Lands in Hunter- don and Somerset — Indian Paths, etc. When the iirst white explorers penetrated into the valleys of the Delaware and Hudson Rivers they found these, with all the country lying between them, as well as the entire area now comprised in the States of New York and Pennsylvania, peopled by aborig- inal tribes of the Algonquin stock, and embraced in two nations, or groups of nations, called by Eu- ropeans the Iroquois and the Delawares, the former having been so named by the French and the latter it is doubted that his authority was ever established over the few in- hahitania that then dwelt within the limits of his domain, excepting those who may have come over with him. There was, however, some emigration to " New Albion" as late as 16bO.—WhiUhea \ " * Hist. CoilTSew Jer., 1844, p. 11. '■- 1 Barber's Hist. Coll. of N. J. by the English. The language spoken by both these /^ people was the Algonquin, but differed materially in dialect. The nation to which the whites gave the name of Delawares was known in the Indian tongue as theJvennjJjenap|,_orijimply_th£_|^^ Iroquois were in the same tongue called the Mengwe, which name became corrupted by the more ignorant white men into Mingoes, which last term was adopted to some extent by the Delawares in its contemptuous application to their Mengwe neighbors, between whom and themselves feelings of detestation and hatred existed to no small degree. The Mengwe or Iroquois inhabited the territory ex- tending from the shores of Lake Erie to those of Champlain and the Hudson River, and from the head- waters of the Delaware, Susquehanna, and Allegany Rivers northward to Lake Ontario, and they even oc- cupied a large scope of country north of the St. Law- rence, thus holding not only the whole of the State of New York, but a part of Canada, which vast territory they figuratively styled their "long council-house," within which the place of kindling the grand council- fire was Onondaga, not far from the present city of Syra- cuse, and at that place, upon occasion, representatives of all the Mengwe tribes met together in solemn de- liberative council. These tribes consisted of the Mo- hawks, Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, and Oneidas, who collectively formed an offensive and defensive confederation, which has usually been known in Eng- lish annals as that of the Five Nations. J The Mohawks occupied the country nearest the Hudson River, and held the post of honor as the guardians of the eastern entrance of the " long house." The Senecas, who. were the most numerous, energetic, and warlike of the five tribes, defended the western portal of the "house," while the Cayugas were the guardians of the southern border of the Iroquois domain, — the frontier of the Susquehanna and Delaware valleys. The Oneida tribe was located along the shores of Lake Ontario, and the Onondagas, occupying a large territory in the central portion of the present State of New York, kept watch and ward over the council-place and fire of the banded Mengwe. The league of the Iroquois nations had been formed — at a date which no Indian chronology could satis- factorily establish — for the purpose of mutual defense against the LenapS and other tribes contiguous to them ; and by means of this confederation, which they kept up in good faith and in perfect mutual ac- cord, they were not only enabled successfully to repel all encroachments upon their own territory, but after a time to invade that of other nations, and to carry the terror of their arms southward to the Cape Fear J At a later period — soon after the commencement of the eighteenth century — the Tuecaroras, having been almost entirely subjugated and driven away from their hunting-grounds in the Carolinas, migrated northward and were received into the Iroquois confederacy, which from that time became known as the Six Nations. 12 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. and Tennessee Elvers, westward beyond Lake Michi- gan, and eastward to the shores of the Connecticut. The Delawares — the Indian people with which this history has principally to deal — occupied a domain extending along the sea-shore from the Chesapeake to the country bordering Long Island Sound. Back from the coast it reached beyond the Susquehanna valley to the foot of the Allegheny Mountains, and on the north it joined the southern frontier of their domi- neering neighbors, the hated and dreaded Mengwe or Iroquois. This domain, of course, included not only the counties of Somerset and Hunterdon, but all of "the State of New Jersey. The principal tribes composing the Lenni LenapS or Delaware nation were those of the Unamis or Turtle, the Unalachtgo or Turkey, and the Minsi or Wolf. The latter, which was by far the most powerful and Tvarlike of all these tribes, occupied the most northerly portion of the country of the LenapS and kept guard along the Iroquois border, from whence their domain extended southward to the Musconetcong* Mountains, about the northern boundary of the present county of Hunterdon. The Unamis and Unalachtgo branches of the LenapS or Delaware nation (comprising the tribes of Assanpinks, Matas, Shackamaxons, Chiche- quaas, Raritans, Nanticokes, Tuteloes, and many others) inhabited the country between that of the Minsi and the sea-coast, embracing the present coun- ties of Hunterdon and Somerset and all that part of the State of New Jersey south of their northern boundaries. The tribes who occupied and roamed over these counties, then, were those of the Turtle and Turkey branches of the Lenni LenapS nations, but the possessions and boundaries of each cannot be clearly defined. The Indian name of the Delaware nation, Lenni Lenapg, signifies, in their tongue, " the original peo- ple,"— a title which they had adopted under the claim that they were descended from the most ancient of all Indian ancestry. This claim was admitted by the Wyandots, Miamis, and more than twenty other aboriginal nations, who accorded to the Lenapg the title oi grandfathers, or a people whose ancestry ante- dated their own. The Eev. John Heckewelder, in his * " The Wolf, commonly called the Minsi, which we have corrupted into Monseys, had chosen to Uve back of the other two tribes, and formed a kind of bulwark for their protection, watching the motions of the Meng- we and being at hand to afford aid in case of a ruptureVith them. The Minsi were considered the most warlike and active branch of the Lenapi. They extended their settlements from the Minisink, a place named after them, where they had their council-seat and fire, quite up to the Hudson on the east, and to the west and south far beyond the Susquehanna. Their northern boundaries were supposed originally to be the heads of the great rivers Susquehanna and Delaware, and their southern that ridge of hills known in New Jersey by the name of Muskanecum, and in Pennsylvania by those of Lehigh, Conewago, etc. Within this boundary were their principal settlements ; and even as late as the year 1Y42 they had a town with a peach-orchard on the tract of land where Nazareth, in Pennsylvania, has since been built, another on the Lehigh and others beyond the Blue Eidge, besides many family settlements here and there scattered."— ifistory. Manners, and Omtomt of the Indian Na- tions who once inliabUed Pennsyhania," by Bev. John Heckewelder. " History of the Manners and Customs of the Indian Nations," says of the Delaware nation, — " They will not admit that the whites are superior beings. They say that the hair of their heads, their features, and the various colors of their eyes evince that they are not, like themselves, Lenni Lenape, — an original people, — a race of men that has existed unchanged fro'm the be- ginning of time ; but that they are a mixed race, and therefore a trouble- some one, Wherever they may be, the Great Spirit, knowing the wick- edness of their disposition, found it necessary to give them a Great Book, and taught them how to read it that they might know and ob- serve what He wished them to do and what to abstain from. But they — ■ the Indians — have no need of any such book to let them know the will of their Maker : they find it engraved on their own hearts; they hav& had sufQcient discernment given to them to distinguish good from evil, and by following that guide they are sure not to err." Concerning the origin of the LenapS, numerous and essentially differing traditions were current among the various tribes. One of these traditions is men- tioned by Loskiel in his " History of the Mission of the United Brethren among the North American In- dians," as follows : " Among the Delawares, those of the Minsi or Wolf tribe say that in the beginning they dwelt in the earth under a lake, and were fortu- nately extricated from this unpleasant abode by the discovery which one of their men made of a hole, through which he ascended to the surface; on which, as he was walking, he found a deer, which he carried back with him into his subterraneous habitation ; that the deer was eaten, and he and his companions found the meat so good that they unani- mously determined to leave their dark abode and remove to a place where they could enjoy the light of heaven and have such excellent game in abundance. "The two other tribes, the Unamis or Tortoise, and the Unalachtgos or Turkey.f have much similar notions, but reject the story of the lake, which seems peculiar to the Minsi tribe." There was another leading tradition current among the nations of the Lenapg, which was to the effect that, ages before, their ancestors had lived in a far-off country to the west, beyond great rivers and moun- tains, and that, in the belief that there existed, away towards the rising sun, a red man's paradise,— a land of deer and beaver and salmon,— they had left their western home and traveled eastward for many moons, until they stood on the western shore of the Namisi Sipu (Mississippi), and there they met a numerous nation, migrating like themselves. They were a stran- ger tribe, of whose very existence the Lenape had been ignorant. They were none other than the Meng- we; and this was the first meeting of those two peo- ples, who afterwards became rivals and enemies, and continued such for centuries. Both were now trav- elers and bound on the same errand. But they found a lion in their path, for beyond the great river lay the domain of a nation called Allegewi, who were not only strong in numbers and brave, but more skilled than themselves in the art of war, who had reared great defenses of earth inclosing their villages and strongholds. In the true spirit of military strategy they permitted a part of the emigrants to cross the river, and then, having divided their antagonists fell upon them with great fury to annihilate them. But when the Lenap6 saw this they at once formed an al- t The tribes to which belonged the bands which inhabited the counties of Somerset and Hunterdon. INDIAN OCCUPATION.— THE OEIGINAL PEOPLE. 13 liance, offensive and defensive, with the Mengwe. The main body cro.ssed the river and attacked the Al- legewi with such desperate energy that they defeated and afterwards drove them into the interior, where they fought from stronghold to stronghold, till finally, after a long and bloody war, the Allegewi were not only humiliated, but exterminated, and their country was occupied by the victors. After this both nations ranged eastward, the Mengwe taking the northern and the LenapS still keeping the more southern route, until, after long journeyings, the former reached the Mohicanittuck (Hudson Eiver) and the latter rested upon the banks of the LenapS Wihittuck, — the beau- tiful river now known as the Delaware, — and here they found that Indian elysium of which they had dreamed before they left their old homes in the land of the setting sun. These, and other similar Indian traditions may or may not have some degree of foundation in fact. There are to-day many enthusiastic searchers through the realms of aboriginal lore who accept them as au- thentic, and who believe that the combined LenapS and Mengwe did destroy a great and comparatively civilized people, and that the unfortunate Allegewi who were thus extinguished were none others than the mysterious Mound-Builders of the Mississippi valley. This, however, is but one of the many profit- less conjectures which have been indulged in with reference to that unknown people, and is in no way pertinent to this history. All Indian tribes were fond of narrating the long journeys and great deeds of their forefathers, and of tracing their ancestry back for centuries, some of them claiming descent from the great Manitou himself. Missionaries and travelers among them who were, or professed to be, familiar with their language and customs have spoken with apparent sincerity of Indian chronology running back to a period before the Christian era, and some of the old enthusiasts claimed that these aborigines were descendants of the lost tribes of Israel.* But all the traditions of the Indians were so clouded and involved in improbability and so interwoven with superstition, and the speculations of antiquarian writers have almost uniformly been so baseless and chimerical, that the * In a email, quaint, and now very rare volume entitled " An Historical Description of the Province and Country of West New Jersey in America Never made Publick till now, by Gabriel Thomas, London, 1698," and dedicated " To the Bight Honourable Sir John Moor, Sir Thomas Lane, Knights and Aldermen of the City of London, and to the rest of the "Worthy Members of the West Jersey Proprietors," is found the following, in reference to the aborigines of this region ; " The first Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Indians, being supposed to be part of the Ten dis- persed Tribes of In-aelj for indeed they are very like the Jewa in their Persons, and something in their Practices and Worship ; for they (aa the Pensilvania Indians) observe the Neio Moons with great devotion and Reverence : And their first Fruits they ofi'er, with their Com and Hunt- ing-Game they get in the whole year, to a False Deity or Sham God whom they must please, else (as they fancy) many misfortunes will be- fall them, and great injuries will be done them. When they bury their Dead, they put into the Ground with them some House Utensils and Borne Money (aa tokens of their Love and Affection), with other Things, expecting they shall have Occasion for them in the other World." whole subject of Indian origin may be dismissed as- profitless. The Indians, from the earliest times, considered- themselves in a manner connected with certain ani- mals, as is evident from various customs preserved among them, and from the fact that, both collectively and individually, they assumed the names of such animals. Loskiel says, — "It might indeed be supposed that those animals* names which they have given to their several tribes were mere badges of distinction, or ' ooate-of-arms,' as Pyrlaeus calls them ; but if we pay attention to the. reasons which they give for those denominations, the idea of a supposed family connection is easily discernible. The Torlmae — or, as they are commonly called, the ffurifc— tribe, among the LenapJ, claim a supe- riority and ascendancy over the others, because their relation, the great Tortoiee, a fabled monster, the Atlas of their mythology, bears, according to their traditions, this great island on his back,! ^'-nd also because he is amphibious and can live both on land and in the water, which neither of the heads of the other tribes can do. The merits of the Turkey, which gives its name to the second tribe, are that he is stationary and always, remains with or about them. As to the Wolf, after which the third tribe is named, he is a rambler by nature, running from one place to another in quest of his prey ; yet they consider him as their benefactor, as it was by his means that the Indians got out of the interior of the earth. It waa he, they believe, who by the appointment of the Great Spirit killed the deer which the Mousey found who first discovered the way to the surface of the earth, and which allured them to come out of their damp and dark residence. For that reason the wolf is to be honored and his, name to he preserved forever among them. " These animals' names, it is true, they all use as national badges, in order to distinguish their tribes from each other at home and abroad. In this point of view Mr. Pyrlaeus was right in considering them as ' coats- of-arms.' The TwrUe warrior draws, either with a coal or with paint, here and there on the trees along the war-path, the whole animal, car- ' ryjng a^n with the muzzle projecting forward ; and if fie leaves"a mark- et the place where he has made a stroke on his enemy, it will be the \ \ picture of a Tortoise. Tho se of the TurJcet/ tribe pa int ojily one foot of a y [turkey, and the Wolf tribe so metimes a w olf at lar ge-githonefoot and / fleg. raised jy>-to serve^as a hand, in which the animal also carries a gua / with the muzzle forward. They, however, do not generally use the word.' ''wolf when speaking of their tribe, but call themselves P'duk-sit, whicli means round foot, that animal having a round foot, like a dog." It does not appear that the Indians inhabiting the interior portions of New Jersey were very numerous. In an old publication entitled "A Description of New Albion," and dated a.d. 1648, it is found stated that the native people in this section were governed by about twenty kings ; but the insignificance of the power of those " kings" may be inferred by the accom- panying statement that there were " twelve hundred! [Indians] under the two Earitan kings on the north side, next to Hudson's Eiver, and those came down- to the ocean about little Egg-bay and Sandy Barne- gatte ; and about the South Cape two small kings of forty men apiece, and a third, reduced to fourteen men, at Eoymont." From which it appears evident that the so-called " kings" were no more than ordi- nary chiefs, and that some of these scarcely had a following. Whitehead, in his "East Jersey under the Proprietary Governments,'' concludes, from the above-quoted statement, "that there were probably f And they believed that sometimes the grandfather tortoise became weary and shook himself or changed his position, and that this was the cause of earthquakes. 14 HUNTERDON AND SOi\lERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. not more than two thousand [Indians] within the province while it was under the domination of the Dutch." And in a publication* hearing date fifty years later (1698) the statement is made that "the Dutch and Swedes inform us that they [the Indians] are greatly decreased in numbers to what they were when they came first into this country. And the In- dians themselves say that two of them die to every one Christian that comes in here." There is found, however, in the ancient workf be- fore extracted from, an extravagant account of the (imaginary) state of "the Raritan king,"t whose seat is represented to have been at a place called by the , English Mount Ployden, "twenty miles from Sandhay Sea, and ninety from the ocean, next to Amara hill, the retired paradise of the children of the Ethiopian emperor, — a wonder, for it is a square rock, two miles' compass, one hundred and fifty feet high ; a wall-like precipice, a strait entrance, easily made invincible, where he keeps two hundred for his guards, and under is a flat valley, all plain to plant and sow." But there is no place known answering the above description, though the Rev. G. C. Schenck, in a paper read be- fore the New Jersey Historical Society, suggests that what is known as the Round Valley (north of Round Mountain, in the township of Clinton, in Hunterdon County) corresponds in general with Plantagenet's topographical description^ of the kingly seat. To con- cede this, however, requires a considerable stretch of imagination ; and it is hard to resist the conviction that it was in the author's imagination, and there alone, that the impregnable " mount," the " retired paradise of the children of the Ethiopian emperor," and the royal guard of two hundred men had their existence. Before the European explorers had penetrated to the territories of the LenapS the power and prowess of the Iroquois had reduced the former nation to the condition of vassals. The attitude of the Iroquois, however, was not wholly that of conquerors over the Delawares, for they mingled, to some extent, the character of protectors with that of masters. It has been said of them that " the humiliation of tributary nations was to them [the Iroquois] tempered with a paternal regard for their interests in all negotiations * Gabriel Thomas' " Historical Description of the ProTince and Coun- try of West Ne-w Jersey in America/' ■f Plantagenet's Description of New Albion. X " The Indians of New Jersey were divided among about twenty petty kings, of whom the king of the Earitans was the greatest." — Riker^ p. 37. g " The seat of the Earitan kings was upon an inland mountain (prob- ably the Neshanic Mountain, which answers approximately to the de- scription)." — Rev. E. T. Corwin^B SiBtorical Viscourse, 1866, p. 9. The Bev. Abraham Messier, D.D., in his " Centennial History of Som- erset County," says : " If we were inclined to favor such romance, we should claim that no place so well answers the description [of the "seat of the Baritan king"] as the bluff in the gorge of Chimney Rock, north of the little bridge, on the west and east sides of which the two rivulets flow and meet a few yards southward in the main gorge. But we are not disposed to practice on the credulity of our readers, as the Indian^ evidently did on Beauchamp Plantagenet, Esq." with the whites, and care was taken that no tres- passes should be committed on their rights, and that they should be justly dealt with." This means, simply, that the Mengwe would, so far as lay in their power, see that none others than themselves should be permitted to despoil the LenapS. They exacted from them an annual tribute, an acknowledgment of their state of vassalage, and on this condition they were permitted to occupy their former hunting- grounds. Bands of the Five Nations, however, were interspersed among the Delawares|| probably more as a sort of police, and for the purpose of keeping a watchful eye upon them, than for any other purpose. The Delawares regarded their conquerors with feel- ings of inextinguishable hatred (though these were held in abeyance by fear), and they also pretended to a feeling of superiority on account of their more an- cient lineage and their further removal from original barbarism, which latter claim was perhaps well grounded. On the part of the Iroquois, they main- tained a feeling of haughty superiority towards their vassals, whom they spoke of as no longer men and warriors, but as women. There is no recorded instance in which unmeasured insult and stinging contempt were more wantonly and publicly heaped on a cowed and humiliated people than on the occasion of a treaty held in Philadelphia in 1742, when Connossa- tego, an old Iroquois chief, having been requested by the Governor to attend (really for the purpose of forcing the Delawares to yield up the rich lands of the Minisink), arose in the council, where whites and Delawares and Iroquois were convened, and in the name of all the deputies of his confederacy said to the Governor that the Delawares had been an unruly people and were altogether in the wrong, and that they should be removed from their lands ; and then, turning superciliously towards the abashed Delawares, said to them, " You deserve to be taken by the hair of your heads and shaken until you recover your senses and become sober. We have seen a deed, signed by nine of your chiefs over fifty years ago, for this very land. But how came you to take it upon yourselves to sell lands at all? We conquered you; we made women of you ! You know you are women and can no more sell lands than women. Nor is it fit that you should have power to sell lands, since you would abuse it. You have had clothes, meat, and drink, by the goods paid you for it, and now you want it again, like children, as you are. What makes you sell lands in the dark ? Did you ever tell us you had sold this land ? Did we ever receive any part, even to the value of a pipe-shank, from you for it ? This is acting in the dark, — -very difierentlj' from the conduct which our Six Nations observe in the I The same policy was pursued by the Five Nations towards the Sha- wanese, who had been expelled from the far Southwest by stronger tribes, and a portion of whom, traveling eastward as far as the country adjoining the Delawares, had been permitted to erect their lodges there, but were, like the Leuap6, held in a state of subjection by the Iroquois.- INDIAN OCCUPATION.— THE ORIGINAL PEOPLE. 15 sales of land. But we find you are none of our Wood ; you act a dishonest part in this as in other matters. Your ears are ever open to slanderous reports about your brethren. For all these reasons we charge you to remove instantly 1 We do not give you liberty to think about it. You are woTnen 1 Take the advice of a wise man, and remove instantly 1 You may return to the other side of the river, where you came from, but we do not know whether, considering how you have demeaned yourselves, you will be permitted to live there, or whether you have not already swallowed that land down your throats, as well as the land on this side. You may go either to Wyoming or Shamo- kin, and then we shall have you under our eye and can see how you behave. Don't deliberate, but go, and take this belt of wampum." He then forbade them ever again to interfere in any matters between white man and Indian, or ever, under any pretext, to pretend to sell lands ; and as they (the Iroquois), he said, had some business of importance to transact with the Englishmen, he commanded them to immediately leave the council, like children and women, as they were. / Heckewelder, however, attempts to rescue the good name of the humbled Delawares by giving some of their explanations, intended to show that the epithet " women," as applied to them by the Iroquois, was originally a term of distinction rather than reproach, and "that the making women of the Delawares was not an act of compulsion, but the result of their own free will and consent." He gives the story, as it was narrated by the Delawares, substantially in this way : The Delawares were always too powerful for the Iroquois, so that the latter were at length convinced that if wars between them should continue, their own extirpation would become inevitable. They accord- ingly sent a message to the Delawares, representing that if continual wars were to be carried on between the nations, this would eventually work the ruin of the whole Indian race ; that in order to prevent this it was necessary that one nation should lay down their arms and be called the woman, or mediator, with power to command the peace between the other na- tions who might be disposed to persist in hostilities against each other, and finally recommending that the part of the woman should be assumed by the Delawares, as the most powerful of all the nations. The Delawares, upon receiving this message, and not perceiving the treacherous intentions of the Iro- quois, consented to the proposition. The Iroquois then appointed a council and feast, and invited the Delawares to it, when, in pursuance of the authority given, they made a solemn speech, containing three capital points. The first was that the Delawares be (and they were) declared women, in the following words : "We dress you in a woman's long habit, reaching down to your feet, and adorn you with ear-rings," meaning that they should no more take up arms. The second point was thus expressed : " We hang a calabash filled with oil and medicine upon your arm. With the oil you shall cleanse the ears of other na- tions, that they may attend to good and not to bad words ; and with the medicine you shall heal those who are walking in foolish ways, that they may return to their senses and incline their hearts to peace." The third point, by which the Delawares were exhorted to make agriculture their future employment and means of subsistence, was thus worded : " We deliver into your hands a plant of Indian corn and a hoe." Each of these points was confirmed by delivering a belt of wampum, and these belts were carefully laid away, and their meaning frequently repeated. "The Iroquois, on the contrary, assert that they conquered the Delawares, and .that the latter were forced to adopt the defenseless state and appellation of a woman to avoid total ruin. Whether these difier- ent' accounts be true or false, certain it is that the Delaware nation has ever since been looked to for the preservation of peace and intrusted with the charge of the great belt of peace and chain of friendship, which they must take care to preserve inviolate. Ac- cording to the figurative explanation of the Indians, the middle of the chain of friendship is placed upon the shoulder of the Delawares, the rest of the Indian nations holding one end and the Europeans the other."* It is evident that the clumsy and transparent tale of the Delawares in reference to their investiture as women was implicitly believed by Heckewelder and other Indian missionaries, who apparently did not realize that which no reader can fail to perceive, — that if their championship and explanation were to have any influence at all on the world's estimate of their Indian friends, it could hardly be a favorable one, for it would only tend to show that they had suf- fered themselves to be most ridiculously imposed upon by the Iroquois, and that they were willing to ac- knowledge themselves a nation of imbeciles rather than admit a defeat which in itself brought no dis- grace on them, and was no impeachment of their courage or warlike skill. Gen. William Henry Harrison, afterwards Presi- dent of the United States, in his " Notes on the Aborigines," said, in reference to the old missionary's account of the Delawares' humiliation, — " But even if Mr. Heckewelder had succeeded in making his readers helieve that the DelawareB, when they submitted to the degradation pro- posed to them by their enemies, were influenced, Dot by fear, but by the benevolent desire to put a stop to the calamities of war, he has estab- lished for them the reputation of being the most egregious dupes and fools that the world has ever seen. This is not often the case with Indian sachems. They are rarely cowards, but still more rarely are they defici-, ent in sagacity or discernment to detect any attempt to impose on them. I sincerely wish that I could unite with the worthy German in removing the stigma upon the Delawares." It was not a lack of bravery or military enterprise * Notes on the Indians, by David Zeisberger. 16 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. on the part of the Delawares which caused their over- throw; it was a mightier agent than courage or energy : it was the gunpowder and lead of the Iro- quois, which they had procured from the trading Dutch on the Hudson almost immediately after the discovery of that river, which had wrought the down- fall of the LenapS. For them the conflict was a hopeless one, waged against immeasurahle odds, — re- sistance to the irresistible. Under a reversal of con- ditions the Delawares must have been the victors and the Iroquois the vanquished, and no loss of honor could attach to a defeat under such circumstances. It is a pity that the tribes of the LenapS should vainly have expended so much labor and ingenuity upon a tale which, for their own sake, had better never have been told, and in which even the sincere indorsement of Heckewelder and other missionaries has wholly failed to produce a general belief. When the old Iroquois chief Connossatego, at the treaty council in Philadelphia, before referred to, commanded the Delawares instantly to leave the council-house, where their presence would no longer be tolerated, and to prepare to vacate their hunting- grounds on the Delaware and its tributaries, the out- raged' and insulted red men were completely crest- fallen and crushed, but they had no alternative and must obey. They at once left the presence of the Iroquois, returned to the homes which were now to be their homes no longer, and soon afterwards mi- grated to the country bordering the Susquehanna, and beyond that river. This forced exodus of the Delawares, however, was chiefly from the Minisink and other sections of coun- try to the north and northwest of the counties of Somerset and Hunterdon, and had very little efiect on the Indian population of the territory now com- prised in these counties ; for, however great may have been the state, and however numerous the subjects, of the traditionary " Karitan king" in earlier years, there were at the time in question (a.d. 1742) but very few Indians living within the territory of these counties, and those few were embraced in small roving bands, few, if any, of which had permanent villages or places of habitation. " The Indians living on the Raritan," says the Kev. Dr. Messier,* " were only a remnant of the large and numerous tribe once located there. It is said they left and went to live at Metu- chen because the freshets in the river spoiled the corn which they were in the habit of burying in pits on the lowlands. Another inducement was the fish, oysters, and clams so easily obtained on the shores of Raritan Bay. The immense heaps of shells found in several localities on its shores attest the rich har- vest which they gathered out of its waters. A few huts were found on the south side of the river, oppo- * Centennial History of Somerset County, by Abraham Messier, D.D., pp. 33, 34. site the village of Raritan, and they had a 'burial- place' on the second river-bank, at the gate of R. H. Garretson.f We may imagine, then, how the lonely river flowed on for centuries between its willow- fringed banks from summer to winter, while the rich grass on its meadows wasted because there were no animals except a few deer who fed upon it, and how the wild fruits afforded feasts for the squirrel and the forest bird or perished untouched because there was no living creature to enjoy the bountiful repast. It might almost without romance be called a 'retired paradise,' but without its ' Ethiopian emperor" to rule over it. . . . Its primitive inhabitants, even, had de- serted' it almost entirely and gone towards the sea- shore, attracted by the abundant food, and only the beasts claimed it as their home." The following, having reference to the Indian bands which were formerly located in Hunterdon County, is from a series of papers entitled " Traditions of our Ancestors," published in the Hunterdon Bepuhlican about ten years since : " There are extant many proofs of Indian tribes dwelling in the vicin- ity of Kound Valley and Cokesbury. William Alpaugh, now (1870) somewhat advanced in years, living in the east end of the valley, says that when he was a boy he frequently spoke of [with ?] an aged man who had lived in that section before the Indians had quitted it. He often went, in company with other boys, to fish in the streams near by, and, while they used hooks, the Indiana shot them with spears and arrows. When they came to divide the fish the Indians were always very precise about it, taking care that each one should have his exact share. Mr. Al- paugh says that he has seen, near Cokesbury, numerous Indian graves ranged in rows and surrounded by stones piled upright around each mound. , . . On the farm where Abraham Hunt now lives, near Cokes- bury, there were standing, fifty years ago, near a stream, a mimber of huts built of sticks, and from four to six feet high, very dilapidated ; and tradition does not give the time when they did not stand there. Tliia fact is some evidence that the tribes of this section made their home here. " The arrow spear-heads found in the Hound Valley were once very numerous, and some fine specimens are still occasionally picked up. Mr. Alpaugh says that in passing over the mountain southeast of the valley he discovered, several years ago, a pile of stones in the forest ar- ranged in such a manner aa left no doubt in his mind that they had been placed there, when the trees were small saphngs, to mark an Indian burial-place. These were the cuetomai-y monuments in this section. . . . " There is a tradition among the descendants of James Alexander that while he was surveying over the moat rugged part of Kushetunk Moun- tain he found a large heap of stones piled together with some regularity, which, being removed, revealed a rudely-arched vault containing the remains of seven warriors, with their arms, ornaments, and utensils around them. There were beads of bone and copper, wrist- and arm- bands of the same metal, and a number of pipes, besides leather leggins and other articles of Indian dress. The general appearance was that they were all warriors of the same tribe, and to each one was affixed the symbolic characters showing the order in which they had succeeded each other. There was nothing in common in these relics with those of the then existing tribe to show that they were the same people. The trees seemed to have grown there since this vault was built, and the proba- hiUty is that it was the resting-place of seven generations of kings who had roamed up and down here long before the white people came. . . . f There was also an Indian burial-ground at the mouth of One-Mile Eun, above Raritan Landing. In an ancient survey a line striking the river at that place is described as *' commencing at the bank of the Rar- itan, in an Indian burying-ground." There was an Indian settlement on the east bank of the Millstone, at the mouth of Six-Mile Bun. Many hatchets, pestles, and other imple- ments were found there in early years. INDIAN OCCUPATION.— THE ORIGINAL PEOPLE. ir Mr. Alexander and Ms party carefully replaced the stones, fearing lest the Indians, discovering his invasion of this ancient sepulchre, would be incensed against him. The spot may yet be rediscovered upon that wild and mgged, unfrequented summit. There is no reason why there should not be found there mounds more sunken, but still containing bones of thousands of the race that has passed away, like those of Vir- ginia and the West." Of the latter portion of this extract it seems hardly necessary to remark that the " probability" referred to by this writer — that the seven skeletons represented " seven generations of kings" — is not a very strong one, and that the same doubt may be felt as to the likelihood of the existence here of sepulchres con- taining the " bones of thousands of the race that has passed away," even if we admit the authenticity of the very doubtful tradition concerning Mr. Alexan- der's discovery and subsequent re-covering of the mysterious arched vault. The Indian occupation of Hunterdon County and the country to the northward of it is mentioned by the Eev. George S. Mott, D.D., in a very excellent and common-sense account, found in the " First Cen- tury of Hunterdon County," as follows : " They [the Minis! or Wolf tribe, living to the northward of the Turtle and Turkey tribes, which inhabited this lower portion of the State] were a very warlike race, as their name indicated. Their southern boundary in this direction was that range of hills which stretches along the upper line of Hunterdon and the branches of the Raritan. Thus the coast- tribes and the mountaineers came together in this county. Many fami- lies of these chose to live by themselves, fixing their abode in villages and taking a name from their location. Each of these had a chief, who, however, was in a measure subordinate to a head-chief.* A family was situated on the Neshanic, called the Neshanic Indians. There waa an- other settlement a mile from Flemington, on a brook called the Minisi. One was near the Branch at Three Bridges. There they had a burying- ground ; another, one and a half miles southwest from Kingos, along a creek on Jacob Thatcher's farm. Traces of their village can yet be seen there. Yet another waa near Mount Airy Station, on tlie Alexsocken. There waa quite a large settlement of them at Eocktown. Indeed, the Amwell valley waa populated with them. As already stated, in 1703 the proprietors purchased of Heinhammoo a large tract of land in Hunter- don lying west of the South Branch, and they also bought the title to all other lands of the Indians who were supposed to have any right to them. These seem to have been contented, and lived in their villages on the most friendly terms with the whites. But the game diminished as the country waa settled, so that the Indians were constrained to resort to trade in order to procure the necessaries of life. They made wooden ladles, bowls, trays, etc., which they exchanged for butter, milk, chick- ens, and meat. They soon acquired a fondness for intoxicating liquors, and when under their influence would quarrel and fight in a tenible manner. This became so great an evil that the Legislature in 1767 laid a penalty upon peiaons selling strong drink to the Indians, so as to in- toxicate them, and declaring all Indian sales and pawns for drink void. " The defeat of Gen. Braddock in the summer of 1765 produced great consternation throughout all the colonics and led to disastrous conse- quences. A hatred of the whites had for years been growing in the hearts of the Indians, who saw themselves becoming more and more helpless under the steadily-increasing encroachments of the settlers. The wrongs which were inflicted upon them by designing men aggra^ vated their dislike, so that it was an easy matter for the French, and the Indians already leagued with them in hostilities, to persuade those tribes which had remained nominally at peace with the inhabitants to join them in a general uprising and onslaught upon the settlers. The Shaw- nees and Delawares were drawn into this defection also ; bands of Indians joined them, many going from the Pines to the Bine Bidge under this impulse. Numbers who had roamed around the country, much like the tramps of to-day, went off to join the Indian troops and never returned. * Heckewelder's Indian Nations ; Memoirs of Historical Society of Pennsylvania, voL xii. pp. 48-52. The people of this section and to the north were greatly alarmed at this state of things. The first inroads of the savages were down the Susque- hanna, through Berks and Northampton Counties, across the Delaware into New Jersey. Some of the scalping-parties penetrated within thirty miles of Philadelphia. A letter from Easton, dated Dec. 25, 1766, states that the * country all above this town for fifty miles is mostly evacuated and mined. The people have mostly fled into the Jerseys. . . . The enemy made but few prisoners, murdering almost all that fell in^ their hands, of all ages and both sexes.' The inhabitants of New Jersey, roused by these sufferings of their neighbors and fearing for their own towns, prepared to resist the foe. Governor Belcher dispatched troops promptly from all parts of the province to the defense of the western fron- tier. Col. John Anderson, of Sussex County, collected four hundred men and secured the upper part of the State. During the winter of 1765 and 1756 marauding-parties of French and Indians hung around this western border. To guard against their incureions a chain of forts and block- houses was erected along the mountain and at favorable points on the east bank of the Delaware. Although the inroads of the savages were infrequent, and consisted of small bands, yet the fear which all felt that their midnight slumber might be broken by the war-whoop was sufficient to keep them in a constant terror. Many left their bomes.f A loud call was made upon the Assembly for increased means of defense. This was done, and the force waa placed under the command of Col. De Hart.f "As an additional measure of protection a treaty was made with Teedyuscung, whereby the Delawares and Shawnees on the Susque- hanna were reconciled. The Legislature appointed a committee, who met the Indians of this State at Crosswicks in the winter of 1756. Their grievances were heard patiently and then reported to the Legislature, which passed acts in 1757 to relieve them. One of these grievances was that the Indians had not been paid for certain tracts of land which had been taken from them. The only portion of Hunterdon which came within these claims was a tract of twenty-five hundred acres, claimed by Teedyuscung himself, * beginning at Ringos, and extending along the Brunswick road to Neshannock Creek, thence up the same to George Hatten'a, thence in a straight course to Petit's place, and so on to a hill called Paatquacktung, thence in a straight line to the place of the begin- ning, which tract was reserved at the sale,' — i.e., between Ringos and Copper Hill. The Legislature gave the commissioners power to appro- priate sixteen hundred pounds to purchase a general relase of all these claims, one-half of which was to be devoted to paying the Indians re- siding to the south of the Raritan. This offer was accepted, and a treaty concluded Oct. 26, 1758, and thus ended all difficulties with the Indians in New Jersey .§ This pacification was greatly aided and quickened by an association founded in Philadelphia in 1765, called ' The Friendly Association, for regaining and preserving peace with the Indians by pa- cific measures.' Another cause which contributed to this happy result waa that Teedyuscung, who was king of the Delawares and a chief of very wide infiuence, was a Christian. He became such in 1749, and waa baptized by the name of Gideon. | Also we may suppose that the in- fluence of John Reading, from 1767 to June, 1768, the acting Governor while most of these negotiations wore in progress, would be exerted in behalf of liberal measures towards the Indians, inaamuch as his early experience as surveyor in Hunterdon County when it was yet a wilder- ness and his subsequent residence in this frontier region would well qualify him to know their wrongs and their needs, while the piety which adorned his life would lead him to that charity which overlooks ignorance." There were traditions among the descendants of the Minisink people that the tribe from which that place derives its name made frequent expeditions down the river and came back with white men's scalps hanging at their belts. They stole down on the Pennsylvania side, and crossed over to this State a little below the Hopewell hills ; then, returning on this side of the river, they would lie in ambush along the yet wild and rugged shores and pick off any unfortunate trav- f Tradition says that people hid themselves in the openings of the mines at Union. I Gordon's " New Jersey," pp. 122 and 124. g Smith's " New Jersey," chap, xxiii. jl From MSS. of Dr. Studdiford. 18 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. eler who might be passing along the river-path. An old Indian sachem used to relate that the steep hills along the Delaware had been the scene of more than one ambush and murder. It was only the Indians from the upper country, however, who committed these acts of violence and bloodshed. Those whose domain embraced what are now the counties of Hunterdon and Somerset were uniformly peaceable and friendly in their intercourse with the settlers, by whom they were treated with justice and consideration. Their numbers in this region steadily decreased as the years passed, but it was the natural decadence of their race, and not the steel of the white man, that swept them away. But a very small remnant of the tribe was left here at the opening of the Revolution, and of these a few served in the army under Washington. In a very few years after the close of the war they had entirely disap- peared. The right of the Delawares to the ownership of the lands south of the Baritan was recognized by the English, and large purchases were made from them from time to time as the needs of the settlers required, so that most of their lands had been sold prior to the treaty of 1758, at which the whole of their remaining titles were extinguished, except that there was re- served to them the right to fish in all the rivers and bays south of the Earitan, and to hunt on all unin- closed lands. A tract of three thousand acres of land was also purchased at Edge Pillock, in Burlington County, and on this the few remaining Delawares of New Jersey (about sixty in number) were collected and settled. They remained there until the year 1802, when they removed to New Stockbridge, near Oneida Lake, in the State of New York, where they joined their " grandsons," the Stockbridge tribe. Several years afterwards they again removed, and settled on a large tract of land on Fox River, Wis., which tract had been purchased for their use from the Menominee Indians. There, in conjunction with the Stockbridges, they engaged in agricultural pur- suits, and formed a settlement which was named Statesburg. There, in the year 1832, there remained about forty of the Delawares, among whom was still kept alive the tradition that they were the owners of fishing and hunting privileges in New Jersey. They resolved to lay their claims before the Leg- islature of this State, and request that a moderate sum (two thousand dollars) might be paid them for its relinquishment. The person selected to act for them in presenting the matter before the Legislature was one of their own nation, whom they called Shawus- kukhkung (meaning "wilted grass"), but who was known among the white people as Bartholomew S. Calvin. He was born in 1756. and was educated at Princeton College, at the expense of the Scotch mis- sionary society. At the breaking out of the Revolu- tion he left his studies to join the patriot army under Washington, and he served with credit during the Revolutionary struggle. At the time when his red countrymen placed this business in his hands he was seventy-six years of age, yet he proceeded in the matter with all the energy of youth, and laid before the Legislature a petition in his favor signed by a large number of respectable citizens of New Jersey, together with a memorial, written by his own hand, as follows : " My Brethren : I am old and weak and poor, and therefore a fit repreeentative of my people. Tou are young and strong and rich, and therefore fit repreeentatives of your people. But let mo beg you for a moment to lay aside the recollections of yovir strength and of our weak- ness, that your minds may be prepared to examine with candor the sub- ject of our claims. "Our tradition informs us — and I believe it corresponds with your records— that the right of fisliing in all the rivers and bays south of the Karitan, and of hunting in all uninclosed lands, was never relinquished, but, on the contrary, was expressly reserved in our last treaty, held at Crosswicks in 1768. Having myself been one of the parties to the sale, — I believe, in 1801,-1 know that these rights were not sold or parted with. "We now offer to sell these privileges to the State of New Jersey. They were once of great value to us, and we apprehend that neither time nor distance nor the non-use of our rights has at all affected them, but that the courts here would consider our claims valid were we to exercise them ourselves or delegate them to others. It is not, however, our wish thus to excite litigation. We consider the State Legislature the proper purchaser, and throw ourselves upon its benevolence and magnanimity, trusting that feelings of justice and liberality will induce you to give us what you deem a compensation. And, as we have ever looked up to the leading characters of the United States (and to the leading characters of this State in particular) as our fathers, protectors, and friends, we now look xip to you as such, and humbly beg that you will look upon us with that eye of pity, as we have reason to think our poor untutored fore- fathers looked upon yours when they first arrived upon our then exten- sive but uncultivated dominions, and sold them their lands, in many instances for trifles, in comparison, as 'light as air.' " From your humble petitioner, "Bartholomew S. Calvin, " Tn hehnlf of himself and his red brethren." In the Legislature the subject was referred .to a committee, which, after patient hearing, reported favorably ; whereupon the Legislature granted to the Delawares the sum of two thousand dollars, — the full amount asked for, in consideration of this relinquish- ment of their last rights and claims in the State of New Jersey. Upon this result Mr. Calvin addressed to the Legislature a letter of thanks, which was read before the two houses in joint session, and was received with repeated rounds of most enthusiastic applause. The letter was as follows : " Trenton, March 12, 1832. " Bartholomew S. Calvin takes this method to return his thanks tb both houses of the State Legislature, and especially to their committees, for their very respectful attention to and candid examination of the Indian claims which he was delegated to present. "The final act of official intercourse between the State of New Jersey and the Delaware Indians, who once owned nearly the whole of its terri- tory, has now been consummated, and in a manner which must redound to the honor of this growing State, and, in all probability, to the prolon- gation of the existence of a wasted yet grateful people. Upon this parting occasion I feel it to be an incumbent duty to bear the feeble tribute of my praise to the high-toned justice which, in this instance, and, so far as I am acquainted, in all former times, has actuated the councils of this commonwealth in dealing with the aboriginal inhabitants. " Not a drop of our blood have you spilled in battle ; not an acre of our laud have you taken but by our consent. These facts speak for them- selves and need no comment. They place the character of New Jersey NEW JERSEY UNDER DUTCH AND ENGLISH RULE. 19 In bold relief and bright example to those States within whose territorial limits our brethren still remain. Nothing save benisons can fall upon her from the lips of a Lenni Lenap^. " There may be some who would despise an Indian benediction ; but when I return to my people, and make known to them the result of my mission, the ear of the great SoTereign of the universe, which is still open to our cry, will he penetrated with our invocation of blessings upon the generous sons of New Jersey." WMle this Indian claim was under consideration the cause of the Delawar^s was voluntarily supported hy a distinguished son of Somerset County, the Hon. Samuel L. Southard, who, at the close of a most pow- erful and eloquent appeal, made before the committee, in favor of the petitioners, said, " It is a proud fact in the history of New Jersey that every foot of her soil has been obtained from the Indians by fair and voluntary purchase and transfer, — a fact that no other State of the Union, not even the land which bears the name of Penn, can boast of." "Many years previous to the settlement of the Earitan by the whites," says the late Hon. Ralph Voorhees, " the Indians had a path running through the State, extending from the Falls of the Delaware, at Trenton, to the first fording-place across the Eari- tan, near New Brunswick. From thence it ran to Elizabethtown. It is described in many of the old deeds as ' the Indian Path.' Its course was along the highest grounds, and it . . . struck ravines as nearly opposite to each other as possible, by which it was made to avoid steep hills.* They thus easily carried to market their furs and other salable articles."! Other Indian paths were one from Lambertville, through Mt. Airy, Eingos, and Eeaville, to Newark, which later became the " Old York Eoad," and an- other, which " came in from the north through the valley at Clarksville, the gateway for all the tribes who threaded their way down the great valley of the Wallkill, or crossed over from Pennsylvania at the forks of the Delaware."^ This Indian highway led down to the wigwams on the Assanpink, crossing the east and west path at Eingos. § CHAPTER III. NEW JERSEY TTHDEB DUTCH AND ENGLISH BULE. Swedish Settlement — Occupation by the Dutch — Subjection to the Eng- lish in 1664 — Governors Carteret, Andres, etc. — Grant to the Duke of York, and transfer to Berkeley and Carteret — Edward Byllinge — Quaker Emigration and Settlement — The two Jerseys consolidated — Governors, down to 1776. In the year 1637 two Swedish ships arrived in the Delaware, bringing a number of settlers. They were * This accounts for the many bends and crooks in the road afterwards laid out upon it, and which subsequently became the dividing-line be- tween the counties of Somerset and Middlesex. f B. Vorhees, in " Our Home. " J The First Century of Hunterdon County, p. 10. l A store was kept at Bingos, to which in the early day the Indians resorted from a conquerable distance. soon followed by other companies, and, in 1642, John Printz, a military officer, was sent over as Governor of the colony. He established himself upon the island now known as Tinicum, which was given to him in fee by the Queen of Sweden. Here he erected a fort, planted an orchard, and built a church and several dwellings, including a fine house for himself, which was called "Printz Hall." At the same time with the Governor came also John Campanius Holm,|| a clergyman, and the fixture historian of the colony ; and in the same company was Lindstrom, an engi- neer, who afterwards published a map of the Dela- ware and its adjacent parts.1[ In the government of New Sweden, as that portion of the State was then called, Printz was followed by his son, John Papegoia, who soon returned to Europe and left the government to John Claudius Rising. In 1655 the Dutch sailed from Manhattan with seven ships and six hundred men, under the command of Governor Peter Stuyvesant, and fell unawares on the Swedish settlements. Fort after fort fell into their hands, the officers and principal people were made prisoners and carried to New Amsterdam, while the Dutch retained possession of the country.** \ The latter name, Holm, " wai added because of Stockholm being the place of his residence." — Clay^s AnnaU of the Swedes. f We find Plantagenet (Plantagenet's "New Albion"), in 1648, com- plaining of the settlements of the Swedes and Dutch within New Albion, and of the adherence of the English settlers to them rather than to the authority of the earl-palatine. Plantagenet published a pamphlet in 1648, entitled "A Description of the Province of New Albion, and a Di- rection for Adventurers with small stock to get two for one, and good land freely : And for Gentlemen, and all Servants, Labourers, and Arti- ficers, to live Plentifully," etc. It is dedicated " To the right honourable and mighty Lord Edmund^ by Divine Providence, Lord Proprietor, Earl- Palatine, Governour, and Captain-General] of the Province of New Albion ; and to the Right Honourable the Lord Vicount Monson of CtwUemain, the Lord Sherard Baron of Leirim : and to all others the Vicounte, Barons, Baronets, Knights, Gentlemen, Merchants, Adventurers and Planters, of the hopeful Company of Nevj Albion; in all, 44 undertakers and sub- scribers, bound by Indenture to bring and settle 3000 able trained men in our said severall Plantations in the said Province." The author of the pamphlet was " Beauchamp Plantagenet, of Belvil, in New Albion, Esquire, one of Company," whose manor of Belvil, containing ten thou- sand a^res, he had obtained under the province seal. — Whiteliead^a East Jere&j under the Proprietors, ** *' The next who came there were the DiUch ; which was between Forty and Fifty Tears agoe, though they made but little Improvement, only built Two or Three Houses, upon an Island (called since by the English) Stacies Island; and it remained bo, till about the year 1676, in which King Charles the Second or the Duke of York (his Brother) gave the Countrey to Edward BiUing, in whose time, one Major Penwick went thither, with some others, and built a pretty Town, and caUed it Scdmn ; and in a few Years after a Ship from London^ and another from SvXl sailed thither with more People, who went higher up into the Countrey, and built there a Town, and called it Burlington, which is now the chief- est Town in that Countrey, though Salam is the ancientest. . . . The late Governor Cox, who bought that Country of Edward Billing, encouraged and promoted that Town [Burlington] chiefiy, in setting his Agetiis and Deputy-Governors there (the same Favours are continued by the Neuj- Weai- Jersey Society, who now manage Matters there) which brings their Assem- blieB and chief Courts to be kept there ; and, by that means it is become a very famous Town, having a great many stately Brick Houses in it. The Countrey inhabited by the Christians is divided into four parts or counties, tho' the Tenth part of it is not yet peopled." In another con- ■ nection the author names the four divisions as " ' Burlington, Glocester, Salam, and Cape-May' counties." This extract is from a quaint old volume bearing the lengthy title of 20 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. The subjection of the Dutch in the New Nether- lands to English rule in 1664 is a matter of history so familiar to every intelligent American reader that it is not necessary to dwell upon it. Immediately after the surrender of New Amsterdam (New York) by Governor Stuyvesant, Charles, King of England, granted the territory to his brother, the Duke of York, who in turn conveyed that portion of it now known as New Jersey to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. This latter conveyance is said to be the first instrument in which the bounds of New Jersey are regularly defined. Berkeley and Carteret formed a constitution for the colony, and appointed Philip Carteret, a son of Sir George, as its governor. He came in 1665, fixed the seat of government at Eliza- bethtown, purchased land of the Indians, and ofiered so favorable terms to the settlers in New England as inducements to emigrate to Jersey that many came hither and located, principally at Elizabethtown and Newark.* In 1673 the Dutch retook New York, hut by the treaty of the following year the territory of both that province and New Jersey reverted to the Eng- lish, who continued in undisturbed possession until the war which secured the independence of the United States of America. Doubts having arisen as to the validity of the title of the Duke of York, a new patent was issued in 1674, and Edmund Andros was sent over as Governor. Philip Carteret, who had returned to England in 1672, returned in 1675, and was welcomed by the people, who had been uneasy and disaffected under the arbitrary rule of Andros. Lord Berkeley, dissatisfied with the pecuniary out- look of his colonization scheme, disposed of his in- terest to John Fenwi eke, in trust for Edward Byllinge, both members of the Society of Friends. He received the sum of one thousand pounds for the tract of land then called "New West Jersey,'' embracing about one-half of the State as now constituted. The division *' An Historical and Geographical Account of the Province and Country of PenBilvania and of West-New-Jersey iu America. The Kichne68 of the Soil, the SweetneBs of the Situation, the Wholesomness of the Air, the Navigable Hivers, and others, the prodigious Encrease of Corn, the flourighing Condition of the City of Philadelphia, with the stately Build- ings, and other Improvements there. The strange Creatures, as Birds, Beasts, Fishes, and Fowls, with the several sorts of Minerals, Purging Waters, and Stones, lately discovered. The Natives, Ahorogines, their Lan- guage, Religion, Laws, and OMtoms ; The first Planters, the Dutch, Sweeds, and English, with the number of its Inhabitants ; As also a Touch upon George EeiOCs New Beligion, in his second Change since he left the QnAKEES. With a Map of both Countries. By Gabriel Thomas, who resided there about Fifteen Tears. London, Printed for, and Sold by A. Baldwin, at the Oxon Arms in Warwick-Lane, 1698." It is dedicated to, " Friend William Penu," and in his preface Mr. Thomas says, ". . . Tho' this Country haa made little Noise in Btory, or taken up but small room in Maps, yet thus much with great Justice may be said of it, that not- withstanding the Difficulties and Inconveniences the First English Colo- nies met with before they were well settled there, yet the mighty Im- provements, Additions, and Advantages that have been made lately there, are well worth Communicating to the Publick, and I am sensible they will be well received." * East Jersey Eecords ; Whitehead's East Jersey under the Proprietary Quvernmenta. between East and West Jersey was made by Carteret and the trustees of Byllinge, July 1, 1676. The line of partition was agreed on " from the east side of Little Egg Harbor, straight north, through the coun- try, to the utmost branch of Delaware Eiver." This line was extended from Little Egg Harbor as far as the South Branch of the Raritan, at a point just east of the old York road. It was run by Keith, the sur- veyor-general of East Jersey, but was deemed by the West Jersey proprietors to be too far west, thereby encroaching on their lands, and they objected to its continuance. On the 5th of September, 1668, Gov- ernors Coxe and Barclay, representing the respective interests, entered into an agreement, to terminate the dispute. It was that this line, so far as run, should be the bound, and that in its extension it should take the following course : From the point where it touched the South Branch, " along the back of the adjoining plantations, until it touches the north branch of the Earitan, at the falls of the Allamitung,t thence run- ning up that stream northward to its rise near Succa- sunny." From that point a short straight line was to be run to touch the nearest part of the Passaic Eiver. Such a line would pass about five miles north of Morristown. The line was to be continued by the course of the Passaic as far as the Paquanick, and up that branch to forty-one degrees north latitude, and from that point in " a straight line due east to the partition-point on Hudson Eiver between East Jersey and New York.'' This line gave to the northern part of West Jersey the present counties of Warren and Sussex, and portions of Morris, Passaic, and Bergen. The Coxe-Barclay agreement was not carried into ef- fect, although the division-line constituted the eastern boundary of Hunterdon County until Morris County was Erected, in 1738. Edward Byllinge became so embarrassed in his financial ventures that in 1676 he was compelled to assign his interests to William Penn, Gawen Lowrie, and Nicholas Lucas, all Quakers, "to be used for the benefit of his creditors." Prior to this, however, he had sold a number of shares, and the trustees sold many shares to different purchasers, who there- by became proprietaries in common with them. Fenwicke soon after made a similar assignment. As these trustees were Quakers, the purchasers were mostly members of that body. Two companies were formed, one in Yorkshire, the other in London, both intent on colonization in America, and in the same year some four hundred persons came over, most of them persons of considerable means. Daniel Coxe was connected with the London Company, and one of the largest shareholders ; subsequently he became the owner of extensive tracts of land in old Hunter- don County. At that time persecution in England was driving the Quakers to America as to a haven of religious tol- t Now the Lamington Falls. THE PROPRIETARY GOVERNMENT OP EAST JERSEY. 21 eration and social equality. Emigration commenced in the spring of 1677, and on the 16th of June in that year the ship " Kent" arrived from London with two hundred and thirty passengers. This was the second ship " to the Western parts." Next arrived the " "Wil- ling Mind," John Newcomb commander, with sixty or seventy more. Several settlements were started, and West Jersey became, as early as the year 1680, quite populous. Burlington was founded, and be- came the principal town. There the land-office for the whole province of West Jersey was located, and there all deeds were recorded. In 1681, Samuel Jennings, having received a com- mission from Byllinge as deputy-governor, came to West Jersey, called an assembly, and with them agreed upon a constitution and form of government. From this time on assemblies were held each year, courts were established in several places, and "jus- tice was administered in due course of law." Jen- nings' successors in the executive department were Thomas Olive, John Skeine, William Welsh, Dan- iel Coxe, and Andrew Hamilton. The last-named continued as Governor until the proprietary charter was surrendered to the Crown. In the years 1701 and 1702 there occurred many dis- sensions and disturbances in both the east and west provinces, but the proprietors, finally wearied of con- tending with one another, and with the people, drew up an instrument whereby they surrendered their right df government to the crown,* which was ac- cepted by Queen Anne, April 17, 1702. This was the end oi proprietary government in New Jersey ; thence- forward, until 1776, it was under royal rule. The queen consolidated both Jerseys into one prov- ince, and commissioned Lord Cornbury as Governor of both New York and New Jersey. In this capacity he acted from 1703 until 1708, when, giving heed to * See Smith's " New Jersey," pp. 560-573, and " Grants and Conces- sions," pp. 508-609, for some of the documents connected with the ne- gotiations, and many others are in the New Jersey Colonial Documents. The proprietaries who signed away the sovereignty of East Jersey were Peter Sonmans, Joseph Ormston, Charles Omiston, Edward Antill, George Willocks, Francis Hancock, Sir Thomas Lane, Paul Dominique, Robert Mitchell, Joseph Brooksbank, Edward Richier, Michael Watts, Clement Plumstead, Robert Burnet, Miles Forster, John Johnston, Mich- ael Hawdon, John Barclay, David Lyell, Thomas Warne, Thomas Gor- don, Thomas Barker, TJunnas Cooler, Gilbert Mollison, Richard Hasel, and William Dockwra. Three of these — those in italics — were of the twenty-four who nineteen years previous had received the grant from the Duke of York. And it was said in 1759 that sixty-four years after the grant to the twenty-four (1746) there was not a male descendant of the whole number enjoying " a foot of land in East Jersey" excepting the right of the Penns and two or three small plantations occupied by the Hartshornes and Warnes, — a reflection which should " abate our ardor in the pursuit of lands and wealth, and make us think ourselves, at best, but tenants in common to the blessings which the earth produces and co-heirs of the gifts of nature." — "A Pocket CommetUary of the first setUing of New Jersey by the Europeans : and an account or fair detail of the origi- nal Indian East Jersey grants, and other rights of the like tenor in East New Jersey. Digested in order. New York, printed by Samuel Parker, 1759." This little work, containing many interesting remarks respecting men and things in New Jer8ey,is in the Philadelphia Library, — the only copy ever seen or heard of by the writer. — East Jersey under the Proprietors, WiUiamA. Whitehead, p. 220. the grievous complaints made against him by the peo- ple, the queen revoked his commission. He was suc- ceeded by John, Lord Lovelace, but his death (which occurred May 5, 1709) threw the government into the hands of Lieutenant-Governor Ingoldsby. Governor Hunter's administration commenced in 1710 ; in 1720 he resigned in favor of William Burnet. Afterwards officiated John Montgomery, 1727 to 1731 ; William Cosby, 1731 to 1736; John Anderson, also in 1736; John Hamilton, 1736 to 1738. In the summer of the last-named year a commission arrived to Lewis Mor- ris as Governor of New Jersey, separate from New York ; he served until his death, in 1746. He was followed successively by President Hamilton, 1746; John Reading, 1746 ; Jonathan Belcher, 1747 ; John Reading, 1757; Francis Bernard, 1758; Thomas Boone, 1760; Josiah Hardy, 1761; and William Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin, in 1763, — the last royal Governor, he being deposed, arrested, and sent a prisoner to Connecticut in 1776. CHAPTER IV. THE PBOPBIETABY GOVEKIfMEBrT Ol" EAST JEH8EY. Eafit Jersey under the Proprietois, 1680 to 1702 — Robert Barclay and Thomas Rudyard — Collision with the Province of New York — Gov- ernors Barclay, Dudley, Hamilton, etc. — Opposition to Governor Basse — Opposition to the Proprietary Government — The Crisis — Surrender to the Crown, in 1702. In the preceding chapter have been given in outline the events occurring in the province under Governors Carteret and the tyrannical Andros up to the time of the division of New Jersey into an east and a west division. We then traced more particularly the for- tunes of the latter. In this chapter it is intended briefly to portray the varying events in the history of East Jersey under the proprietary government. On the 16th of October, 1680, the Duke of York relinquished all his pretensions to East Jersey in favor of the grandson and heir of Sir George Carteret,t soon after which Andros returned to England. Sir George died in 1680, and by his will, dated Dec. 5, 1678, left his widow, Lady Elizabeth, executrix of his estate and guardian of his grandson and heir, George, a son of Sir Philip, and devised to Edward, Earl of Sandwich, John, Earl of Bath, Hon. Bernard Gren- ville, brother to the Earl of Bath, Sir Thomas Crewe, Knight, Sir Robert Atkyns, Knight of the Bath, and Edward Atkyns, one of the barons of the Exchequer, and their heirs, among other lands, all his property in East Jersey, in trust for the benefit of his creditors. These trustees, failing to find a purchaser by private application, offered it at public sale to the highest bidder, William Penn with eleven associates, most of whom were Quakers, and some already interested in f Bill in Chancery, p. 8. 22 HUNTEKDON AND SOMEKSET COUNTIES, NEW JEESEY. [the duke of YOEK — JAMES II.] [SIE GEOEGfE CAETEEET.] [sir JOHN BEEKLEY, PEOP'E.] ^, 'T i" Boston on the loth of May. the shores of America, a general " Committee of Cor- respondence and Inquiry" had been constituted here, having for its object consultation with the most prom- inent men in the New Jersey counties, and corre- spondence with similar committees in other colonies. The particulars of the formation of this committee, its composition, and the duties with which it was charged are shown by the following extract from the Minutes of the House of Assembly of New Jersey, dated New Brunswick, Tuesday, February 8, 1774, — viz. : " The House resumed the consideration of the several Letters and Resolutions of the other Houses of Assembly on the subject-matter of the common Eights and Liberties of the Colonies ; and the House re- solved itself into a Committee of the whole House upon Matters afore- said ; and after some time spent therein, Mr. Speaker resumed the Chair, and Mr. Crane, Chairman of the Committee (by order of the House), reported the Kesolutiona of the Committee, ae follows, viz. : " 1. BeBolved, That it is the opinion of this Committee that the House should heartily accept of the InvitationJ to a mutual Correspondence and Intercourse with our Sister-Colonies ; to which the House agreed Nemitie CcndradicenU. " 2. Resolved^ That it is the opinion of this committee that a Standing Committee of Correspondence and Inquiry be appointed, to consist of the following persons, to wit: James Kinsey, Stephen Crane, Hendrick Fisher.g Samuel Tucker,|| John Wetherill, Bobert Friend Price, John Hinchman, John Mehelmjl and Edward Taylor, Esquires, or any five of them, whose business it shall be to obtain the most early and authentick intelligence of all Acts and Resolutions of the Parliament of Great Britain, or the Proceedings of Administration that may have any Rela- tion to, or may affect the Liberties and Privileges .of His Majesty's Sub- jects in the British Colonies in America, and to keep up and maintain a Correspondence and Communication with our Sister-Colonies respecting these important considerations ; and that they do occasionally lay their Proceedings before the House ; to which the House agreed Nemine Con- tradicente, " 3. Eesolved, That it is the opinion of this Committee that the said Committee of Correspondence do write Letters to the several Speakers of the Assemblies on the Continent of America, inclosing these Resolu- tions, and requesting them to lay the same before their respective As- semblies; and that they do return the Thanks of the House to the Bur- gesses of Virginia for their early Attention to the Liberties of America; to which the House agreed Nemine Contradieeniey The Governor, William Franklin (son of Dr. Ben- jamin Franklin, but, unlike his father, a man of strong royalist proclivities), was opposed to the for- mation of such a committee, and in a letter written by him to the Earl of Dartmouth, on the 31st of May, 1774, expressed his opinion as follows : "The Virginia Assembly some time ago appointed a Committee of Correspondence, to correspond with all the other Assemblies on the. Con- tinent, which example has been followed by every other House of Rep- resentatives. I was in hopes that the Assembly of this Province would not have gone into the measure ; for though they met on the loth of No- vember, yet they avoided taking the matter into consideration, though frequently urged by some of the members, until the Sth of February, and then I believe they would not have gone into it but that the Assem- bly of New York had just before resolved to appoint such a committee, and they did not choose to appear singular." On the 1st of June, the day next following the date of Governor Franklin's letter, a meeting (probably the first one) of the Committee of Correspondence and Inquiry was held at New Brunswick, and a brief X The " invitation" referred to was a proposition made by the House of Burgesses of the colony of Virginia to the Assembly of New Jersey to appoint from its members a Standing Committee of Correspondence for the objects referred to above. I Of Somerset County. li Of Hunterdon County. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 27 mentioa of it is found* in a letter written by one of the members of the committee, under date of July 2, 1774, from which, the following is extracted, — viz. : " I returned yesterday from New Brunswick, where six of our Com- mittee met. We answered the Boston letters, informing them that we look on New Jersey as eventually in the same predicament with Boston, and that we will do everything which may be generally agreed on. We have signed a request to the Governor to call the General Assemblyf to meet at such time as His Excellency may think proper before the first of August next. Our Committee is well disposed in the cause of American freedom." Of the nine members of this first Committee of Correspondence for the colony of New Jersey, three were furnished by Hunterdon and Somerset, — namely, Samuel Tucter and John Mehelm of the former, and Hendrick Fisher of the latter county. The meeting of the committee at New Brunswick was immediately followed by gatherings of the people in nearly all of the counties in New Jersey. The ob- ject of these meetings (which were convened at the call of prominent and infl,uential citizens of the sev- eral counties) was to perfect, as far as possible, a gen- eral organization of citizens opposed to encroach- ments on the rights of the colonies by the home government, and especially to provide for the selec- tion of persons to represent them in a general Con- gress of Deputies from the several colonies, proposed by the Burgesses of Virginia, to be held for the pur- pose of forming a plan of union, and, in general, to devise measures for the public welfare. The first of this series of local meetings was held by " the Freeholders and Inhabitants of Lower Free- hold, in the county of Monmouth, in New Jersey, on Monday, the 6th day of June, 1774, after due notice given of the time, place, and occasion of this meet- ing." The next meeting was in Essex County, held at the court-house in Newark, on Saturday, June 11th. This was followed by meetings held in Bergen County on the 25th, and in Morris County on the 27th of the same month. It is known that the people of Som- erset County were convened in the same manner, at about the same time, and for the same purposes, but neither the exact date nor any minutes of the pro- ceedings of the meeting have been found. The rec- ord of the Hunterdon County meeting has been preserved, and is as follows : "The Freeholders and Inhabitants of Hunterdon County, in the Province of New Jersey, convened by advei-tiaement at the house of John Eingo, in Amwell, in said county, on Friday, the 8th July, 17Y4, Samuel Tucker, Esq., in the chair, came into the following Kesolutions without a dissenting voice, — viz. : "1. We do most expressly declare, recognize, and acknowledge His Majesty King George the Third to be the lawful and rightful King of Great Britain and of all other his Dominions, and that it is the indis- * Fide Minutes of the Provincial Congress and Council of Safety, 1775 -76, p. 4. + In a letter addressed by Governor Franklin to the Earl of Dartmouth dated Burlington, June 18, 1774, he said, " I have likewise had an ap- plication made to nie by some of the members of the House of Repre- sentatives to call a meeting of the General Assembly in August next, with which I have not nor shall not comply, as there is no public busi- ness of the province which can make such a meeting necessary." pensable duty of this Colony, under the enjoyment of our constitutional privileges and immunities, aa being a part of His Majesty's Dominions, always to bear faithful and true allegiance to His Majesty, and him to defend to the utmost of our power against all attempts upon his person, crown, and dignity. " 2. That it is the undoubted hereditary right of an English subject to give and grant what is absolutely his own, either by himself or his Bep- resentatives ; and that the only lawful Representatives of the freemen of this Colony are the persons they elect to serve aa members of the Genera] Assembly thereof. " 3. That any Act of Parliament for the apprehending and carrying of persons into another Colony or to Great Britain to be tried for any crime alleged to be committed within this Colony, or subjecting them to be tried by Commissioners, or any Court constituted by Act of Parliament or otherwise, within this Colony, in a summary way without a juiy of this vicinage, is unconstitutional and subversive of the rights and liber- ties of the free subjects of this Colony. "4. That it is our indispensable duty, which we owe to our King, our country', ourselves, and our posterity, by all lawful ways and means in our power, to maintain, defend, and preserve our loyalty, rights, and liberties, and to transmit them inviolate to the latest generations ; and that it is our fixed, determined, and unalterable resolution faithfully to discharge this our bounden duty. " 5. That it is our unanimous opinion that it would conduce to the restoration of the liberties of America should the Colonies enter into a joint agreement not to purchase or use any articles of British manufac- ture, nor any commodities imported from the East Indies, under such restrictions bb may be agreed on by a general Congress of Delegates from all the Colonies, hereafter to be appointed. " 6. That aa the town of Boston is now suifering in the common cause of American freedom, it is the opinion of this meeting that subscriptions be hereafter opened in every town in this county, and the money sub- scribed to be applied towards the relief of the suffering poor in said town of Boston until they may be relieved by being restored to their just rights and privileges. " 7. That this county will appoint a Committee to meet the Committees of the several counties of this Colony at such time and place as may be agreed on in order to elect and appoint Delegates to represent this Col- ony at the general Congress, whose resolutions we will most strictly ad- here to and abide by. And we do hereby unanimously request the fol- lowing gentlemen to accept of that trust, and do accordingly appoint them our Committee for the purpose aforesaid, — viz., Samuel Tucker,- John Mehelm, John Hart, Isaac Smith, Charles Coxe, Joachim Griggs, Benjamin Brearly, Abraham Hunt, and John Bmley. " As we apprehend New Brunswick is not so convenient to the mem- bers of the lower counties.'and that all the counties will hardly have sufficient time to appoint their Committees by the 21st of July, vrith submission we would propose Princeton aa most central to be the place, and Thursday, the 11th of August the time, of meeting of the several Committees. "Thomas Shelton, " Committee Clerk," Similar meetings for the choice of committees were held in the other counties, and on Thursday, July 21, 1774, " a general meeting of the Committees of the several counties in the Province of New Jersey" was convened at New Brunswick, and continued its ses- sions until the following Saturday. Seventy-two members were in attendance. Stephen Crane, Esq., of Essex, was called to the chair, and Jonathan D. Sergeant, of Somerset County, was chosen clerk. The record J of the proceedings of the convention is as follows : " The Committees, taking into their serious consideration the danger- ous and destructive nature of sundry Acts of the British Parliament with respect to the fundamental liberties of the American colonies, con- ceive it their indispensable duty to bear their open testimony against them, and to concur with the other colonies in prosecuting all legal t Minutes of the Provincial Congress and Council of Safety, 1795-76, p. 25. 28 liUNTEEDOxNT AND SOMEKSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. and necessary nieosures for obtaining their speedy repeal. Therefore we unanimously agree in the following sentiments and resolutions; "Itit. We think it necessary to declare that the inhabitants of this Province (and we are confident the people of America in general) are, and ever have been, firm and unshaken in their loyalty to His Majesty King George the Third ; fast friends to the Revolutiou settlement; and that they detest all thoughts of an independence of the Crown of Great Britain. Accordingly we do, in the most sincere and solemn manner, recognize and acknowledge His Majesty King George the Third to be our lawful and rightful Sovereign, to whom, under his royal protec- tion in our fundamental rights and privileges, we owe, and will ren- der, all due faith and allegiance. " 2d. We think ourselves warranted, from the principles of our excel- lent Constitution, to affirm that the claim of the British Parliament (in which we neither are nor can be represented) to make laws which shall be binding on the King's American subjects 'in all cases whatsoever,' and particularly for imposing taxes for the purpose of raising a revenue in America, is unconstitutional and oppressive, and which we think our- selves bound, in duty to ourselves and our posterity, by all constitutional means in our power to oppose. " 3d. We think the several late Acts of Parliament for shutting up the port of Boston, invading the Charter rights of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, and subjecting supposed offenders to be sent for trial to other colonies, or to Great Britain, the sending over an armed force to carry the same into effect, and thereby reducing many thousands of innocent and loyal inhabitants to poverty and distress, are not only subversive of the undoubted rights of His Majesty's American subjects, but also repugnant to the common principles of humanity and justice. These proceedings, so violent in themselves, and so truly alarm- ing to the other colonies (many of which are equally exposed to Minis- terial vengeance), render it the indispensable duty of all heartily to unite in the most pi'oper measures to procure redress for their oppressed countrymen, now suffering in the common cause ; and for the re-estab- lishment of the constitutional rights of America on a solid and perma- nent foundation. "4th. To effect this important purpose, we conceive the most eligible method is to appoint a General Congress of Coinmissiouers of the re- spective Colonies, who shall be empowered mutually to pledge, each to the rest, the publick honour and faith of their constituent Colonies, firmly and inviolably to adhere to the determinations of the said Con- gress. ■'5th. Resolved, That we do earnestly recommend a general non-im- portation and non-consumption agreement to he entered into at such time, and regulated in such manner, as to the Congress shall seem most advisable. '* 6th. Besolved, That it appears to us to be a duty incumbent on the good people of this Province to afford some immediate relief to the many suffering inhabitants of the town of Boston. " Therefore the several county committees do now engage to set on foot and promote collections without delay, either by subscriptions or otherwise, throughout their respective Counties; and that they will remit the moneys arising from the said subscriptions, or any other bene- factions that may be volunta.rily made by the inhabitants, either to Bos- ton, or into the hands of James Neilson, John Dennis, William Oake, Abraham Hunt, Samuel Tucker, Dr. Isaac Smith, Grant Gibbon, Thomas Sinnicks, and John Carey, whom we do hereby appoint a Committee for forwarding the same to Boston, in such way and manner as they shall be advised will best answer the benevolent purpose designed. "7th. jKesoZued, That the grateful acknowledgments of this body are due to the noble and worthy patrons of constitutional liberty in the British Senate for their laudable efforts to avert the storm they behold impending over a much injured Colony, and in support of the just rights of the King's subjects in America. "8th. Resolved, That James Kinsey, William Livingston, John De Hart, Stephen Crane, and Richard Smith, Esquires, or such of them as shall attend, be the Delegates to represent this Province in the General Continental Congress to be held at the City of Pliiladelphia on or about the first of September next, to meet, consult, and advise with the Depu- ties from the other Colonies, aad to determine upon all such pnident and laT\ful measures as may be judged most expedient for the Colonies im- mediately and unitedly to adopt, in order to obtain relief for an oppressed people and the redress of our general grievances. " Signed by order, " Jonathan D. Sergeant, " Clerk:' A new general Standing Committee of Corresi^ond- ence and Inquiry was also appointed, consisting of William Peartree Smith, John Chetwood, Isaac Og- den, Joseph Borden, Robert Field, Isaac Pierson, Isaac Smith,* Samuel Tucker,* Abraham Hunt,* and Hendrick Fisher.f It is noticeable, in the proceed- ings of this Convention, that, although they evinced an unmistakable spirit of opposition and resistance to the oppressive measures of the British Parliament and ministry, they were profuse in expressions of un- measured loyalty to the king, and resolutions of sim- ilar import had been passed in all the preliminary meetings in the several counties of this province. The Congress of Delegates from the several prov- inces assembled at Carpenters' Hall, in the city of Philadelphia, on the 4th of September in the same year, and organized on the following day, with Peyton Randolph, of Virginia, as President, Among the business transacted during the somewhat protracted session which followed was the adoption of resolutions prohibiting the importation, purchase, or use of goods from Great Britain, Ireland, or any of the British de- pendencies after Dec. 1, 1774, and also directing that (unless the grievances of the American colonies should in the mean time be redressed) all exportations hence to Great Britain, Ireland, and the British West Indies should cease on and after Sept. 10, 1775. An associa- tion in accordance with the requirements of these resolutions was then formed, and was signed by all the members present. Article XI. of this Association (adopted Oct. 20, 1774) provided: " That a committee be chosen in every county, city, and town, by those who are qualified to vote for Representatives in the Legislature, whose business it shall be attentively to observe the conduct of all persons touching this Association; and when it shall be made to appear to the satisfaction of a majority of any such committee that any person within the limits of their appointment has violated this Association, that such majority do forthwith cause the truth of the case to be published, ... to the end that all such foes to the rights of British America may be pub- lickly known and universally contemned as the enemies of American Liberty ; and thenceforth we respectively will break off all dealings with him or her." On the 11th of January, 1775, the New Jersey members of the Continental Congress reported its proceedings to the Assembly of their province, which body unanimously signified its approval of the said proceedings,! and resolved that the same delegates should represent New Jersey in the next Congress, in which they should propose and vote for every reason- able and constitutional measure for a settlement of the differences between the colonies and Great Britain, and should again report the proceedings of the Con- gress to the Assembly of the province. A great majority of the people in all parts of the province of New Jersey approved the objects of the Association adopted by the Continental Congress, and * Of Hunterdon County. t Of Somerset County. X "Such members as were Quakers excepting only to such parts as seemed to wear an appearance or might have a tendency to force, as inconsistent with their religious principles."— Gordon's Sistonj of New Jersey, p. 157. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 29 meetings numerously attended were keld in the diflfer- ent countieSj and in many of the townships, for the purpose of organizing to carry its measures into effect. Some of the means proposed to be adopted to accom- plish the objects desired are shown by the following extracts from the minutes of several of these meet- ings : " A General Meeting of the Inhabitants of the To\\-nship of Woodbridge, in the County of Middlesex in New Jersey," held on Saturday, Jan. 7, 1775, after approving and adopting the Association entered into and recommended by the Congress, and aft^r choosing a Committee of Observation of twenty-one members, "J?esoIred, unanijnouBly, That it is the desire of the people now met that the said Committee do execute the trust reposed in them with firm- ness and fidelity, and in every refii)ect follow the directions of the Asso- ciation, a£ much as if it was a law of this Province ; and they be upon oath for the conscientious discharge of their duty." At a meeting held in Hanover township, Morris County, Feb. 15, 1775, it was, by the Committee of Observation, of which Matthias Burnet was chairman, resolved unanimously, as follows : "1st, That they will discourage all unlawful, tumultuous, and disor- derly meetings of the people within their Districts, and upon all occa- eioDB exert themselves to the utmost of their power, and oppose and prevent any violence offered to the pereon or property of any one. "2d. That they will take notice of all Horse Bacing, Coct-Fighting, and every kind of Gaming whatsoever, and cause the offenders to be prosecuted accordiug to law; and discourage every species of extrava- gaut entertainments and amusements whatsoever, agreeable to the eighth article of the Association of the Continental Congress. "3d. That this Committee will, after the first day of March next, esteem it a violation of the seventh article of the said Association if auy peison or persons should kill any Sheep until it is four years old, or sell any such Sheep to any person whom he or they may have cause to sus- pect will kill them or carry them to market; and, further, that they will esteem it a breach of said article if any inhabitant of this Township should sell any Sheep of any kind whatsoever to anj- person dwelling out of this County, or to any person w^ho they may have cause to suspect ■will carry them out of this County, without leave first obtained of this Committee. "4th. That we do recommend to the inhabitants of this Township the caltivation, of Flax and Hemp, to the greatest extent that their lands and circumstances will admit of. "5th. That from seyeral Pamphlets and Publications printed by James Eivington, of Kew York, Printer, we esteem him as an incendiary, em- ployed by a wicked Ministry to disunite and divide us ; and therefore we will not, for ourselves, have any connection ordealings with him. and do recommend the same conduct towards him to every person of this Town- ship; and we will discountenance any Post-Rider, Stage-Driver, or Car- rier who shall bring his Pamphlets or Papers into this County. "6th. That if any manufacturer of any article made for home con- sumption, or any Vender of Goods or Merchandises, shall take advantage of the necessities of his country by selling at an unusual price, such perwm shall be considered an enemy to his country ; and do recommend it to the inhabitants of this Township to remember that after the first day of March next no East Indian Tea is to be used in any case whatso- ever. "7th. That we will in all cases whatsoever, and at all events, use our utmost endeavours to comply with and enforce everj- article of the Arao- ciation of the General Continental Congreffi." These resolutions, being nearly identical in their import with those passed by meetings of freeholders and committees in nearly all the other counties, are reproduced here at length as showing the remarkable earnestness with which the people indorsed and prom- ised "to comply with and enforce every article of the Association." The condemnation of Eivington and his publications, so strongly expressed in thest resolu- tions, was enunciated still more forcibly in the proceed- ings of many of the county meetings, by which he was denounced as " a vile Ministerial hireling, employed to disunite the colonies and calumniate all their measures entered into for the public good" ; as an enemy to his country and a person to be hated, shunned, and discountenanced by all friends of American liberty. The records of the meetings held at this time, and in reference to this matter, by the people and com- mittee of Somerset have not been found, but it is cer- tain that this county stood second to none in the province of New Jersey in the patriotism of its in- habitants or in the alacrity and earnestness with which they adopted and enforced the measures recom- mended by the Continental Congress in its Articles of Association. In Hunterdon County committees were promptly chosen and organized, and the report of the joint action of these committees at their first meeting is as follows :* "At a meeting of the several Township Committees in the County of Hunterdon and Province of New Jersey, held at John Ringo's, the 18th day of January, 1775: Present, sixty members. John Hart, Esq., Chair- man. " The Committee, taking into consideration the Proceedings of the late Congress, highly approve thereof, and the Association entered into, do recommend, and will abide by, and thank the Delegates for their firm and steady conduct. " Tlie Committee then taking into their consideration the method of choosing Delegates for this Province to attend at Philadelphia the 10th day of May next, or sooner if necessary, in Continental Congress, agreed to adopt the measure pursued by the several County Committees of this Province the 21st of July last, and do recommend that the several County Committees meet at Trenton on Wednesday, the 29th of March next, un- less some other time and place should he agreed on by a majority of the Counties in this Province, to choose Delegates for the purpose aforesaid; and we do hereby appoint Samuel Tucker, John Mehelm, John Hart, Daniel Hunt, Jasper Smith, Charles Coxe, Kichard Stevens, Samuel John- son, Esquires, Messrs. Thomas Jones and Thomas Stout, a County Com- mittee for the purpose aforesaid, who, or auy three of them, are also appointed a Committee of Correspondence, and a majority of the whole Committee to have power to call Committees of the several townships together, at such times and places as they may judge necessary. " This Committee to continue till the Proceedings of the next Conti- nental Congress be published, or a new Committee chosen. "SA31UEL COEWISE, " Clerky On the morning of "Wednesday, the 19th of April, 1775, a detachment of British regular troops that had been sent out from Boston to the town of Concord met and fired upon a body of armed but unorganized and undisciplined farmers and mechanics who had collected at Lexington Common. The volley of the regulars told with an effect fatal to some of the pro- vincials, and this was the first blood shed in the war of the Revolution. It has been called the battle of Lexington. Before the crack of the yeomen's rifles had ceased to sound along the road from Lexington to Boston, the Committee of Safety of the town of Watertown had sent out express-riders to carry the news south and west. The dispatch destined for New J * 3Iinute8 of the ProTincial Congress and Council of Safen-, 17 pp. 49, 50. -76, 30 HUNTERDON AND SOMEESET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. York and Philadelphia passed on through Worcester, Norwich, New London, Lyme, Saybrook, Guildford, Brandford, New Haven, and Fairfield (being succes- sively forwarded by relays by the committees of these places), and reached the chamber of the New York committee at 4 o'clock p.m. on Sunday, the 23d of April. From New York* the dispatch was forwarded with all haste to New Brunswick and Princeton, from which places the momentous tidings spread like wild- fire up the valley of the Earitan and across the Sour- land hills into Somerset and Hunterdon Counties, while the messengers with the committee's dispatch sped on to Trenton and Philadelphia. Upon the receipt of the alarming news from Lex- ington the Committee of Correspondence for the province was summoned by its chairman, Hendrick Fisher, of Somerset County, to convene for delibera- tion and to take such action as might seem necessary. The committee accordingly met, and the following is the record! of its proceedings on that occasion,— viz. . " At a moeting of tha New Jersey Provincial Committee of Corre- epondence (appointed by the Provincial Congress) at the City of New Brunswick, on Tuesday, the second day of May, Anno Domini 1776, agreeable to summons of Hendrick Fisher, Esq., Chairman. "Present, Hendrick Fisher, Samuel Tucker, Joseph Borden, Joseph Eiggs, Isaac Pearson, John Ohetwood, Lewis Ogden, Isaac Ogden, Abra- ham Hunt, and Elias Boudinot, Esquires. " The Committee, having seriously taken into consideration as well the present alarming and very extraordinaiT conduct of the British Ministry, for carrying into execution sundry Acts of Parliament for the express purpose of raising a revenne in America, and other unconstitutional meas- ures therein mentioned; and also the several acts of hostility tliat they have actually commenced for this pm-pose by the Kegular Forces under General Gage against our brethren of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay in New England, and not knowing how soon this Province may be in a state of confusion and disorder if there are not some effectnal measures speedily taken to prevent the same; this Committee are unanimously of opinion, and do hereby advise and direct, that the Chairman do immedi- ately call a Provincial Congress to meet at Trenton on Tuesday the twenty-third day of this instant, in order to consider and determine such matters as may then and there come before them ; .and the several Coun- ties are hereby desired to nominate and appoint their respective Deputies for the same, as speedily as may be, with full and ample powers for such purposes as may be thought necessary for the peculiar exigencies of this Province. " The Committee do also direct their Chairman to forward true copies of the above minute to the several County Committees of this Province without delay. "Hendrick Fisher, " Chairmany In accordance with this call of the committee, del- * At New York the dispatch was thus indorsed by the committee- Reel the within Account by express, and forwarded by express to New Brunswick, with Directions to stop at Elizabeth Town and acquaint the committee there with the following Particulars. By order of the Com- mittee Isaac Low, Chairman. The committee at New Brunswick are requested to forward this to Phila." The other indorsements made on the dispatch m its passage through New Jersey were as follows: "New Brunswick, Ap. 24,1776, 2 o'clock in the morning, rec- the above expres, and forwarded to Princeton, Wm, Oake, Jas. Neilson, A.. Dunhams Com. ;" Princeton, Monday, Ap. 24, 6 o'clock, and fo™. to TrenZ; 24 9 T "'«™- '''"'°' °""'- "^"^»™" ■■ " ^-■"™. Monday, Ap 24 9 clock in the morning, reed the above per express, and forwarded clr^ *" *' ^"""^"^^ °^ Philadelphia, Sam. Tucker. Isaac Smith! 76!p''lor' °^ "" ^'''"'°™' '^'"'^"""' ""^ Committee of Safety. 1775- egates from the several counties of the province as- sembled on Tuesday, the 23d of May, at Trenton, where, on the following day, they organized as " The Provincial Congress of New Jersey" by electing Hendrick Fisher president, Jonathan D. Sergeant secretary, and William Paterson and Frederick Fre- linghuysen assistant secretaries. Samuel Tucker was afterwards elected vice-president. It thus appears that all the principal officers of this first Provincial Congress were residents of Somerset County, except- ing the vice-president, who was of Hunterdon. The number of delegates in attendance was eighty- seven. Those representing Hunterdon County were Samuel Tucker, John Mehelm, John Hart, John Stout, Jasper Smith, Thomas Lowry, Charles Stewart, Daniel Hunt, Ealph Hart, Jacob Jennings, Eichard Stevens, John Stevens, Jr., Thomas Stout, Thomas Jones, and John Basset. The delegates attending from Somerset were Hendrick Fisher, John Eoy, Peter Schenck, Abraham Van Nest, Enos Kelsey, Jonathan D. Sergeant, Frederick Frelinghuysen, and William Paterson. Another delegate who had been electedj for Somerset, Nathaniel Airs (or Ayers), did not attend. Four of the deputies from Hunterdon and Somerset^-viz., Messrs. Tucker and Mehelm of the former county, and Fisher and Eoy of the latter —were also members of the Colonial Assembly of New Jersey for 1776. The Provincial Congress remained in session at t The record of the meeting at which the Somerset County delegates were elected is as follows : "Pursuant to notice given by the Chairman of the Committee of Cor- respondence for the County of Somerset in New Jersey, the Freeholders of the County met at the Court-House the 11th day of May, 1775, Hend- rick Fisher, Esq., chosen chairm.an, Frederick Frelinghuysen clerk. " 1. Besohed, That the several steps taken by the British Ministry to enslave the American Colonies, and especially the late alarming hostili- ties commenced by the Troops under General Gage, against the inhabi- tants of Massachusetts Bay loudly call on the people of this Province to determine what part they will act in this situation of affairs; and that we therefore readily consent to elect Deputies for a Provincial Concrress to meet at Trenton, on Tuesday, the 23d inst.. agreeable to the advice and direction of the Provincial Committee of Correspondence. " 2. Resolved, That the number of Deputies shall be nine, and that thev sh.all be chosen by ballot. " Adjourned for an hour. " Four o'clock the people re-assembled. " Hendrick Fisher, John Boy. Esquires. Mr. Frederick Frelinghuysen Mr Enos Kelsey. Peter Schenck, Jonathan D. Sergeant, Nathaniel Airs, William Paterson, and Abraham Van Nest, Esquires, are appointed Dep- uties for this County, who, or any iive of them, are hereby empowered to meet the Deputies from the other Counties in Provincial Congress at Trenton on Tuesday, the 23d instant, and to agree to all such measures as shall be judged necessary for the preservation of our constitutional lights and privileges. " Resolved, That the Deputies for this County be instructed, and they are hereby instructed, to join with the deputies from the other Counties m forming such plan for the Militia of this Province as to them shaU seem proper ; and we heartily agree to arm and support such a number 01 men as they shall order to be raised in this County " Bemlved, That this County will pay the expenses of their Deputies who shall attend the Congress. "BcsoUed, That Messrs. Tobias Van Norden. and Daniel Blackford he "By Order """' "' Observation for the Township of Bridgewater. " FeeDEEIOK FaELINGHlTSEN. " Clerk." HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 31 Trenton eleven days. The most important business of the session was consummated on the day of ad- journment in the adoption of '* a plan for regulating the Militia of this Colony" and the passage of " an ordinance for raising a sum of money for the purpose therein mentioned," — ^that is to say, for the purpose of organizing and arming the militia troops and pre- paring them for active service when necessary. The preamble and first three sections of the militia bill then passed were as follows : "The Congress, taking into consideration the cruel and arbitrary measures adopted and pursued by the British Parliament and present ministry for the purpose of subjugating the American Colonies to the most abject servitude, and being apprehensive that all pacific measures for the redress of our grieTances will prove ineffectual, do think it highly necessary that the inhabitants of this Province be forthwith properly armed and disciplined for defending the cause of American freedom. And further considering that, to answer this desirable end, it is requisite that such persons be intrusted with the command of the Militia as can be confided in by the people, and are truly zealous in support of our just rights and privileges, do recommend and advise that the good people of this Province henceforward strictly observe the following rules and regu- lations, until this Congress shall make further order therein : " 1st. That one or more companies, as the case may require, be imme- diately formed in each To'miship or Corporation, and, to this end, that the several Committees in this Province do, as soon as may be, acquaint themselves with the number of male inhabitants in their respective dis- tricts, from the age of sixteen to filty, who are capable of bearing arms ; and thereupon form them into companies, consisting as near as may be of eighty men each ; which companies so formed shall, each by itself, as- semble and choose, by plurality of voices, four persons among them- selves, of sufficient substance and capacity for its officei-s,— namely, one captain, two lieutenants, and an ensign. " 2d. That the officers so chosen appoint for their respective compa- nies fit persons to be sergeants, corporals, and drummers. " 3d. That as soon as the companies are so formed the officers of such a number of companies as shall by them be judged proper to form a regi- ment do assemble and choose one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, a major, and an adjutant for each regiment." The remaining five sections were devoted to the minor details of the plan of militia organization. The closing paragraph is as follows : " The Congress, taking into consideration the spirited exertions of the counties of Morris, Sussex, and Somerset in the raising of minute-men, do approve of, and thank them for, their zeal in the common cause, and will take the same into further consideration at their next meeting" ; showing that bodies of minute-men had already been raised in the counties named. A minute- men organization was also formed in Hunterdon at about the same time. The following resolutions of a meeting in Hills- borough township show the form in which action was taken in enrolling the militia in Somerset County. They are interesting as being the only memoranda referring to this early period of the action of the people in defense of their liberties. The original was found accidentally among some old papers on a book- stand in New York. " At a meeting of the principal Freeholders, and Officers of Militia, of the Township of Hillsborough, County of Somerset and Province of New Jersey, held this 3d of May, 1775, at the house of Garret Garretson, it was agreed as follows, — viz. : "1st. That the Companies of Militia this day assembled here do choose officers for their respective Companies. "2d. That the officers so devised shall choose officers for a Company of Minute-Men, who are to beat up for volunteers to raise said Company, to consist of 60 men, who are to be exercised twice per week, and to bo ready at a minute's warning to march in defense of the liberty of our country. " 3d. That the men so voluntarily enlisting in said Company shall receive one shilling and sixpence for every part of a day they are em- ployed in being exercised by any of their officers, and the officers in pro- portion. " 4th. That in case said Company shall march in defense of their coun- try, the Captain to receive six shillings, the 1st Lieut, five shillings, the 2d Lieut, four shillings, and each of the inferior officers, three shillings, all Proc, per day j with provisions and ammunition, and to those who are able, Arms ; all the above money to be raised by tax on the inhabi- tants of said Township, in the same manner the Provincial Taxes are raised. "5th, In pursuance of the first article of the above agreement, the Companies here assembled choose the following gentlemen their officers, —viz. : " For the BiUshorough Company. — John Ten Eyck, Capt. ; Peter D. Yroom, Lieut. ; Jacobus Quick, 2d Lieut. " For the Millstone Covipany. — Hendrick Probasco, Capt. ; John Smock^ 1st Lieut.; Casparus Van Nostrand, 2d Lieut. " For the Shannick Company. — William Yer Bryck, Capt. ; Eoelif Peter- son, 1st Lieut. ; Cornelius Peterson, 2d Lieut. " For Uie Company of Grenadiers. — Cornelius Lott, Capt. ; John Bennet, Lieut. ; ComeUus Van Derveer, 2d Lieut. ; Garret Garrison, 3d Lieut. " 6th. The above officers proceeded, according to the authority given them in the second article, to the choice of officers for the Company of Minute-Men, when the following men were unanimously chosen : For Capt., Cornelius Lott; for 1st Lieut., John Nevius ; for 2d Lieut., Garret K. Garrison. "7th. The officers of the Militia and the Committee of Observation are desired to meet together and appoint a Committee to provide the above Company with Arms and Ammunition. " May 16, 1775.— The Officers of the Militia and the Committee of Ob- servation, having met, unanimously chose Hendrick Van Middlesworth, Conrad Ten Eyck, and Dirck Low, to provide ammunition for said Com- pany, and arms for those that'are not able to buy for themselves, and the aforesaid gentlemen are desired to take £40 Proc in money on the credit of the Township, to buy 140 pounds powder, 420 pounds lead, and 210 flints; and if the said Company should be called to march in defense of their country, if not provided for, then the aforesaid Hendrick Van Mid- dlesworth, Conrad Ten Eyck, and Dirck Low are to find provisions on the credit of the township as above said. " It is further agreed that the above agreement shall be subject to such alterations and additions as the Provincial Congress shall think proper. "By order of the Assembly. "John Baptist Dttmont, Chairman, "Peter D. Vboom, Clerh." We give a list of the members of Capt. P. D. Vroom's company, enrolled after the above action ; it is evidently not complete, but it contains all now re- coverable: Jacobus Amerman, Albert Amerman, John Amerman, Thomas Auten, John Brokaw (lieu- tenant, killed*), Abraham Brokaw, Peter Brokaw (corporal), George Brokaw, Jacobus Bergen (cor- poral), Jacob Cook, Jacob W. Cook, Jacobus Cor- show, Bergun Coevert (fifer), Thomas Coevert (cor- poral), Peter Ditmas, Nicholas Dubois, Peter J- Dumont, Thomas Dwere, Jacobus Dubois, Minne Dubois (sergeant), William Griggs, Augustus Harts- hough, Harmon A, Hoagland, Lucas Hoagland, Peter Hoagland, Dirck Huff, Abram Low, Peter Leyster, Hugh McAllum, Hendrick Post (sergeant), Peter Perlee, Thomas Skillman, Joakim Quick (ensign), Peter Quick (sergeant), Abram Stryker, Jonathan Spader, Albert Stothoff, Benjamin Taylor (sergeant), Willett Taylor, Abraham Taylor, Abraham Van Ars- * Battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1775. 32 HUNTERDON AND SOBIEESET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. dalen (sergeant), John Van Arsdale, Garrett Van Ars- dale, John Van Dyck, William Van Dyck, Andrew Van Middlesworth (sergeant), Tunis Van Middles- worth, Jacobus Van Nuyse, Coert Van Waggoner, Jacobus Voorhees, Rynier Veghte (lieutenant, Sec- ond Battalion; captain ditto), Peter Voorhees, Peter Vroom, Jacob Winter (corporal), Peter Winter, Coert Van Voorhees. "At a meeting of the Committee of the Township of HillBboroiigh held at the house of Garret Garretson, the 3d day of July, 1775, it was unanimously agreed that the boundaries of the Company called Millstone Company are as follows, — viz: Beginning at the mouth of Millstone River, thence along the said river to the house of Geretie Cornetry, then along her. westward bound to and still continuing westwardly to the house of Court Van Vorehase, then westwardly to a small brook, and thence down the said brook to the Amwell Road, then westwardly along the said road till it comes to the 2 rod road that leads to Millstone road, continuing along said road, thence along Millstone Road to Earitan Bridge, thence along the Raritan River to the place of beginning. "Peter B. Vroom." The "ordinance," also passed on the last day of the session, and having for its object the raising of funds, principally for the purpose of carrying out the pro- visions of the militia bill, recited and declared that : " Whereas, It has become absolutely necessary, in the present dangerous and extraordinary state of public atfairs, in which the usual resources of government appear to be insulficient for the safety of the people, and in which the good people of this Province hiive therefore thought proper to choose Deputies in this present Congress, that a fund be provided for the use of the Province : We the said Deputies being persuaded that every inhabitant is willing and desirous to contribute his proportion of money for 80 important a purpose, do, pursuant to the .powers intrusted to us by the people, resolve and direct that the sum of Ten Thousand Pounds, Proclamation Money, be immediately apportioned and raised for the use aforesaid ; the same to be apportioned laid out and disposed of in such manner as hereinafter is directed." The amounts to be raised under this ordinance by the several counties of the province were apportioned to them as follows : Bergen, £664 8s. Od. ; Burlington, £1071 13s. 4d. ; Cape May, £166 18s. Od. ; Cumber- land, £885 6s. 8d. ; Essex, £742 18s. Od. ; Gloucester, £763 2s. 8d. ; Hunterdon, £1363 16s. M. ; Middlesex, £872 6s. 8d. ; Monmouth, £1069 2s. 8d. ■ Morris, £723 8s. Od. ; Salem, £679 12s. Od. ; Somerset, £904 2s. Od. ; Sussex, £593 5s. 4d. Other sections of the ordinance pointed out the manner of assessing and collecting the tax, and pro- vided that when the amount collected in a county should be received by the county collector, he should pay the same over to the county committee, " to be disposed of by them in such manner as they in their discretion shall think most proper" to meet expenses arising from the exigencies of the times. After the adoption of these measures for the public safety it was by the Congress " Ordered, That Mr. Fisher, Mr. Tucker, Mr. Daniel Hunt, Mr. Fre- linghuysen, Mr. I. Pearson, Mr. Dunham, Mr. Schureman, Mr. John Hart, Mr. Borden, Mr. Deare, Mr. Baldwin, Mr. Schenck, Mr. Ralph Hart, and Mr. Heard, or any three of them, in conjunction with the President or Vice-President, be a Committee of Correspondence, with power to con- Tene this Congress." Of the fourteen members composing this committee, seven were of the counties of Hunterdon and Somer- set,— viz., Messrs. Fisher, Tucker, Hunt, Freling- huysen, Schenck, and the two Harts. Immediately after the appointment of the Committee of Corres- pondence the Congress adjourned, June 3, 1775. It is a rather remarkable fact in the history of this Provincial Congress of New Jersey that, although one of its first acts was to declare that its members had " assembled with the profoundest veneration for the person and family of His Sacred Majesty George III., firmly professing all due allegiance to his rightful authority and government,"* the close of its first ses- sion was marked by the adoption of the most vigorous measures in preparation for armed resistance to that sovereign's authority. Two weeks from the day on which the Congress of New Jersey closed its session at Trenton, a force of British regulars moved from Boston to Charlestown, and marched in splendid order and perfect confidence up the acclivity of Bunker Hill to attack the slight defenses of the patriot force that stood waiting for them in silence upon the summit. Twice were the scarlet lines hurled back in disorder down the slope,, but as often did they re-form and return to the assault. Their third charge was successful ; the provincial forces, undismayed, but with empty muskets and car- tridge-boxes, were at last forced from their position,, and the soldiers of the king carried and held the blood-soaked crest. This event — the battle of Bunker Hill — is as well known and conspicuous in history as that of Marathon or Waterloo, and it was more im- portant in its results than either. Just before its occurrence Gen. George Washington had been ap- pointed! by the Continental CongressJ commander- in-chief of the forces of the United Colonies, and immediately afterwards he assumed command of the army at Cambridge and disposed his thin lines to- encircle the British forces in the town of Boston. In less than a week after the memorable battle in Charlestown, the startling news had been received in. Philadelphia, and was known in every township of New Jersey. In this alarming state of affairs the general Committee of Correspondence of the Province, exercising the powers intrusted to them, called a second session of the Provincial Congress, which body accordingly convened at Trenton on the 5th of August following. Eighty-three members were in attendance. Those of Somerset County were the same as at the previous session, except that Nathaniel Eyers,^ who had been elected with the other delegates at the county-meeting of the 11th of May, was now present, in place of John Roy, who had attended th© first session. The Hunterdon County deputies were « Minutes of the Provincial Congi-ess and Council of Safety, 1775-76 p. 171. ' t June 15, 1775. J The Continental Congress had convened in Philadelphia on the 10th of May, 1775. § Elsewhere found spelled Aii-s and AyeiB. HUNTERDON AND SOMEESET COUNTIES IN THE EEVOLUTION. 33 the same as at the May session, except that Abraham Bonnell and Joseph Beavers were present in place of Jacob Jennings and John Basset. The Congress at this session adopted a number of measures for promoting the public safety, the princi- pal of which were a resolution to provide for the col- lection of the ten thousand pounds tax ordered at the May and June session, and a resolution " for further regulating the Militia, etc.," the first named being the first business that was attended to after the opening of the session. It appears that many obstacles had been encountered in the collection of the tax, and that in a great number of instances payment had been avoided or refused. The Congress therefore (Aug. 5, 1775) resolved :* " 1. That the several persons appointed in pursuance of tlie ordinance of this Congress in their last session to collect the quotas of the several ToTvnships, do pay the money by them collected to the County Collector on or before the tenth day of September next ; and if any persons within tlieir respective districts shall have refused payment, that in such case they do make and deliver in a list of names of the delinquents to their several Committees, together with their receipts and vouchee for the money which they shall have paid to the aforesaid County Collectors. " 2. Resolved, That the several Committees do furnish the Provincial Congress at their next session with the names of all such persons within their districts as shall have refused to sign the Association recommended in the last Congress, or one of a similaj' nature, and of all such as shall have refused to pay their respective appointments. " 3. Resolved, That the respective Committees in this Colony do return to the Provincial Congress at their next session copies of the several Associations signed in their districts, agreeable to the former order of this Congress, together with the names of those who have signed the same. *' 4. Resolved, That the Assessoi-s and Collectors appointed to apportion and collect the said money do receive such reward for their labor and trouble therein as the Assessors and Collectors are by law entitled to for assessing and collecting the provincial taxes. "5. Resolved, That in case any part of the snro of ten thousand Pounds, by the said ordinance directed to be raised, shall from the event of public affairs he found to be nnnecessary for the purposes thereby in- tended ; in such case the surplus be paid by the several Connty Commit- tees into the hands of the County Collectors appointed by act of As- sembly, to be by them applied towards discharging the quotas of such Counties in the public taxes of the Province. " 6. Resolved, That the several Committees to whom the disposal of the said money was, by the ordinance of the last session, intrusted, do account to the Provincial Congress for their several disbursements, and the uses to which they may have been applied." In adopting "the plan for further regulating the Militia, etc.," the Congress " Resohed, 1. That the several County or {where there is no County) the Township Committees do transmit the names of all the Militia Offi- cers chosen within their respective Districts to the Provincial Congress, or to the Committee of Safety, to he by them commissioned, agreeable to the directions of the Continental Congress. '■ Resolved, 2. That all officers above the rank of a Captain, not already chosen or appointed, pursuant to an ordinance of this Congress made at their last session, be appointed by the Congress or, during their recess, by the Committee of Safety. " Resolved, 3. That where the inhabitants of different Townships have been embodied into one Company, Battalion, or Regiment, before the 20th day of June last, it is not the intention of this Congress that they should be dissolved, provided they govern themselves according to the rules and directions of the same." Ten resolutions succeeding these above quoted di- rected the organization of the militia of the province * Vide Minutes Provincial_Congress and Council of Safety, 1776-76, p. 184. into regiments and battalions, and the number of each of these organizations to be appointed to the several counties; established the order of their prece- dence ; prescribed the manner in which they were to be raised, armed, and governed ; provided for the col- lection of fines from " all effective men between the ages of sixteen and fifty who shall refuse to enroll themselves and bear arms," or who, being enrolled,, should absent themselves from the muster, and di- rected how such fines should be applied. The troops directed to be raised and organized were to be equal to about twenty-six regiments, apportioned to the dif- ferent counties as follows : The militia of Bergen County to compose one regiment ; of Essex, two regi- ments or four battalions; of Middlesex, two regi- ments ; of Monmouth, three regiments ; of Morris and Sussex, each two regiments and one battalion; of Burlington, two regiments and a company of rangers ; of Gloucester, three battalions ; of Salem, one regi- ment ; of Cumberland, two battalions ; of Cape May, one battalion ; of Somerset, two regiments ; and of Hunterdon, four regiments. And it was provided "that the precedency of rank in the militia shall take place in the following order: 1. Essex; 2. Sa- lem ; 3. Gloucester ; 4. Morris ; 5. Sussex ; 6. Cape May; 7. Monmouth; 8. Somerset; 9. Bergen; 10. Cumberland; 11. Middlesex; 12. Hunterdon; 13. Burlington; and that, when there may be more than one regiment or battalion in a county, the precedency shall be determined by the county committee, accord- ing to their former seniority." Besides providing for the organization and arming of the militia, as above mentioned, the Congress re- solved : " That for the puriwse of effectually carrying into execution the recommendation of the Continental Congress respecting the appoint- ment of minute-men, four thousaud able-bodied effective men be en- listed and enrolled in the several counties in this Province, under offi- cers to be appointed and commissioned by this Congress or Committee of Safety, who shall hold themselves in constant readiness, on the shortest notice, to march to any place where their assistance maybe required for the defense of this or any neighboring colony." These " minute-men" were to be enlisted for a term of four months, at the end of which time they were to be " relieved, unless upon actual service." They were given precedence of rank over the common mi- litia of the province, and whenever called into actual service were " to receive the like pay as the Continen- tal Army, and be furnished with camp-equipage and provisions ; and also be provided for, if wounded and disabled in the service of their country." Their offi- cers were to be nominated by the several county com- mittees, or (in counties having no general committee) by the township committees jointly, "with assurance that as soon as their companies are completed, they shall receive commissions from the Provincial Con- gress, or the Committee of Safety." The organiza- tion of the " minute-men" was directed to be made in companies of sixty-four men each, including offi- cers, these companies to be formed into ten battalions 34 IIUNTEKDON AND SOMKBSET COUNTIKS, NEW JEltSEY. for the whole province, and the apportionment to tlie several counties to be as given below, — viz: I?('rfj;cn County to furnish one battalion of four (■.(iiiiiiiniics ; Essex County, one battalion of six companies ; Mid- dlesex County, one battalion of six companies ; Mon- mouth County, one battalion of six coraimnics ; Som- erset County, one battalion of five companies ; Mor- ris County, one battalion of six companies ; Sussex County, one battalion of five comjiaiiies; Hunterdon County, one battalion of eight companies; Tiurling- ton County, one battalion of five eornpiuiies ; OIou- cester and Salem Counties, one Imttaliou of seven companies, — f(iur to be furnished by Oloiicesler and one by Salem ; Cumberland County to fiirnisli thrrv, companies, and Cape May County one company, all to act as "independent comi)anies of light infantry and rangers." Whatever arms and accoutrcmonta wv.n: obtained by the county and township committees were directed to be issued to the iiiinute-ni(!n in preference to the militia until the former w(^ro armed and equipped, the remainder to be used Cor arming the militia. It was *' J{<;it(ilved, Thai tlilH Cnngrfsa ilo iiiroriiiimnrl lo llii* Hrviinil f!miniy Ccjniiiiittoea In tlilH Colony tliat tlioy liiimofliiitoly employ gniiHniiUiH Ui niitUti Huch a rmiiibor of ariuH m tlidy sliull Jinlgu to bo iionnHHiiry aiirl wanfing In their roHpoctlvo ConiitloH ; mid that In the niaiiiifiictliro of Baiil ar-inB particular atlolitlon ho paid to the dIroctlonH of tlio Contltiontal CoiigreHB." It was also by the Coiit.';reHs " Ordcred^That the Hovoral County GonimlttenH do appoint ono HnrK«on to each Rogimont and Battalion ljr^)(iM|j;ing to theIr'rcHpof;(ive fJouritlcH; and gertify the name of «uch Surgeon to the next OoligrcHH, oi- to tlio Committee of Safety, In oiri.;i- to hia hcing properly comniiHsloiicd." Tlie above mentioned, with the appohilnKint of Philemon Dickinson as brigadier-gen(!riil, witc all the important military measures ado[)tod ttt this session. The Congress adjourned on Thursday, Aiifriist i7th, after a session ofseventeen days, its last act ])rior to ail- journment having been the appointment of Ifendrick Fisher, Samuel Tucker, Isaac Pearson, John Hart, Jonathan D. Sergeant, Azariah Dunham, I'eter Schcnck, Enos Kelsey, Joseph Borden, I'Vctderiek Frelinghuyscn, and John Scliureman as a Uoiriiriittei; of Safety to control public affairs during the recf'ss. Of these eleven niernbera, seven were of the coiiiilics of Hunterdon and SooicrHct. This was the first Committee of Safety of the pro- vince of New Jersey, — a body which came to be greatly feared by those inimic.al to the c;:iuse of Amer- ica. During the times when the Ooiifrress wits not in session this committee wielded extraordinary and almost unlimited power.* It does not ;ipije!i,r, how- * Mr, Oharlca D. BcuhliT, In his excellent [.ajjer reoi] heforo the New BrunBivick Illst'jrlcal Club at ItB fifth luiolvcrBary, flays of thin Conimlt^ teo of Safety: " In effect It conetltuted a practical dIctatoi-Hlilp, rcHlcJIng not In one man ludeed, but In a majority voto of eleven or oiorr; perBfjriH, who were appointed by the Provincial OongreaB from llni.' to time, Iln menibcrHWere Invariably choBon by the tIc[.utleB tn the Provincial Con- grcBH from among tliclr own number, and wore men upon whom tliey could rely for courage, pnidonce, flrrnneHH, activity, and iiagiulty. Tbcy cxciciHcd, aB a committee, all the powerB liitnifltijd to or aHBunicd hy the ever, that it beeiinio neecwsary for the commitfiHi to exercise this power in any very iiiipi)rl,aiit |iiililic hiisiiuws in the less than seven wet^ljs which iiiter- vciH^d bctwetMi its fornmfioii and the rcasHcinbling of the Provincial Congress. During that interval tlio sessions of llie committee wore htdd at rrliiceton. At its August sessidii the (JoiignwH of New .U:rHry had provided for a, new eliM'tion of (lejiiitie» from l,hu eoiintics of tlie provinc.e by the adoption of the Ibl- lowing preamble and resolution : "WUereas, It 1h highly expedient, at ii lime when tlllN Province In likely to bo Involved In all the lioirorB of advll war, anil when It luw become ahBolulc-ly neeeHBJiry to Inc ri'iine tbo liiirllKm of taxoB alroady laid upon the good people of thlflccjlony for Uio JuHt dideiiHO of their Iji- valnahlo rlghtB anil prlvllegeB, that Mie InhabltantB thereof Hhollld bavo freiiuolit opportuiillloB of renewing llidi choice null appnduilhjri of llie KeproMe?itallvoB In I'rovliiehtl nongroBH. It Is l,lii^iiil'ore /taefnW, That tho Inhabltanbi In oiuih ciiunty (puillfled to vote for lti>pirwent,al,Ivo» In General AHHcmhIydo meet. together at tho placoB bojelnafter irietttloned an ThurBday, the twenty-llrBt day of Heptember next, ami thi'M ami there, by jilnrallty of vcd(;eB, elect anil appoint any nninber not oxoeeil- Ing five BiibHlantlal rieeliolilniH an DepulleH, with full Jiowor to repriiHont Hiieii (lotinly In Provincial (lojigreHB to be held at 'J'renbin, In the tjonnly of JIuiitordon, on Tiieflday, the third day of October next." The places designiiteil for holding this cleetion in Somerset and llniilerdoM (Jounties were, reH|ie.c.tive.ly, " the Coiirt-I foiise in .llillsliorongh'' ittid "thelioiiso of John Riiigo in Amwell." The irieetingH w(;re ae- eurdingly so held iit tho time s|ii^ci(ieil, ;itiil rcHttltcil in the elcetiijti of 1 letidrii'.k l''ish(tr, (^oritelitiH Van Mtiliiier, and Itiilode Van Dyke for Somerset, and Hitmiiisl Tui^ker, John Mehe.lm, .John llart, Charles Stewart, ami Aligttsl.ine Stevenson for I liiiiterilon (Jontity. Tho Provini'ial (!otigrcKS of New .lersey, e.ompfjseii of the deputies then recently ele.eleilj jiH mentioned above, convctHid at Trenton on Tuesday, the 'lil of Oetober, 1775. No orgiinization wits elleeted on that day, its but few of the members were (ireHeiit;! btit on Provincial CongreBB, Blive that of leglBbiMon. 'I'hey rondiii-teil all tlio correBpoiideiiee and confercMceH with the Continental OofigieBB anil Pro- vincial flongreflMefl of the other coloiileB; l-hey gave order-B for the arriiBt of BiiBpIclniiB or illMaffecti'il perBoriM ; they tried and aciplltted m- coji- demned b. ImprlHonment or detention men who were cliarged with dl«- all'ectlon oracling In concert with, or giving Information t^t, the enemy ; they Itejiti-xpreflBeB In coi octant reudlncHh Oi foi wind Intelligence with all Bpced ; they a|ipro[ii [ated public niimeyB, conimlBBloiied oIllcorH In tho rnllltlaorlri tliecorpMof niloiite-inen, helfl pi iHooerB of war, nettled f;on- tioveiBlcB between oIllcerH, civil II nil military, fulUiil a« a Ooiirt of Admi- ralty, conflBcaleil the pro|ieity of thoHe who aided and abettei] the [in bile enemy, took oilier for the geneial Bciirlly of the Province and for ]l;l ilefenne, anil, In fine, tliey were the executive brunch of I lie govei iiineiit, iiB the reprcBentatlvcM of the power anil authority of tlie Provincial (Joii- groBH during lt« n-ceBB. All which they exerelBed (with an ability and Integrity that liaB never been inipeiLidiedj till they weie BiiperBeileil, In Oi li.l.ir, 1771), by the llrBt l.iglHlaturo nniler the new Htato '.'oniitltiitlon fiolopteil .Inly 2, 1770), which iiivoiiled tho (lov.roor noil a Connill of twenty memlierB with cei lain |iowerB for a lliiilled time under tho titio of ' The Oovenior and Council of Safety.' " f "TncBday, Octyilier ii, l77o. Several l)e|iutl(ffl returned hi nervo In tlilB f>jngre«fl for the reMpectlve Coiiiit,IeB of thiB Odony luinenihled at Trenton, piirHuaut to the appidiitioent of tho lato Provlm hil CoiigreHB. "Wednc-ulay, October 1, I77ri, -The OongreBB again luinemlded, and, Bcveral other memtinrii attending, jiroceeded to tbo election of a PrcBldentand Vlcc-PicBldeiit, . , ."--MimUrt i,f Ihi: I'Tinlliusiul H'mriri'm and OmncU o/ Hiifclu, l77o 7<;, \i. 1!JK, HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN TPIE REVOLUTION. 35 the following day the body organized by the election of Samuel Tucker, of Hunterdon, as president, and Henry Fisher, of Somerset County, as vice-president. "John Mehelm, Esquire [of Hunterdon], at the re- quest of Congress, consented to act as Secretary until a Secretary be chosen." On the 5th it was "Re- solved, That William Paterson, Esquire [also of Som- erset], be appointed Secretary to this Congress ;" but, on the 9th, "Mr. Dunham having informed this Congress that he had seen Mr. Paterson, who had acquainted him that his business and circumstances would by no means admit of his oflaciating as Secre- tary, the Congress proceeded to the choice of a Secre- tary, when John Carey, Esq. [of Salem], was unani- moiisly chosen Secretary, and Abraham Clark and Charles Stewart, Esquires, Assistant Secretaries." Thus, of the five principal officers of the Congress {composed of deputies from the thirteen counties of New Jersey), three were men of Hunterdon and Som- erset. Forty-seven members from the several coun- ties were present during the session. The Congress, composed of these members so re- cently elected and fresh from among the people, was the first thoroughly representative body which had convened in New Jersey under the Eevolutionary order of things. Says Mr. Deshler, in the address be- fore cited, — "Itspowere were peculiar and undefined: . . . there was no limita- tion upon ita powers by any instrument then existing to which its mem- bei-s or the people of the Province acknowledged fealty. They could and did imprison, exile, confiscate, lay taxes, emit money, exercise power over life and death, call out the militia, and levy war. . . . The session was a busy, earnest, and laborious one. The minutes of the Congress reveal the revolutionary state of the Province, the unrest and agitation that prevailed among the people, and the indnsti-ious preparation that the patriots were making for the war that they perceived was soon to roll towards them. The minutes also reveal the steady growth of the democratic principle of equality among the people, counting a man a man whether be owned property orwhether he did not. Petitions flowed into the Congress on a multitude of subjects from every county and from nearly every township ; fmm committees, municipal coiijo rations, and individuals. . . . All these petitions received respectful considera- tion, and the action that was taken upon them was dispassiouate, wise, independent, and dignified. Besides the consideration of these petitions, which, as a purely popular body, deriving its power, and even its very existence, from the will of the people, it could not, and did not, disre- gard, the Congress was engaged in receiving and scrutinizing the reports of the aasociations and committees that had been foi-med in the various townships and counties; in corresponding with the Continental Con- gress as to the raising, equipment, organization, footing, payment, and forwarding of troops, and with the Congresses and Committees of Safety of other colonies, and the county and township committees of the Prov- ince, on subjects pertaining to the general welfare; in examining into the stjite of the finances of the province and estimating the expenditures that would be required for the arming, equipment, and maintenance of the militia, etc., and for carrying on the governmeut ; iu preparing ordinances for the regulation of the militia, for raising additional troops, for enforcing the former taxes and levying new ones, for raising money by the emission of bills of credit, and for the apprehension of deserters. Their attention was also largely occupied in examining and deciding upon complaints that were showered upon them denouncing loyalists and sympathizers with Great Britain, and in considering public and private grievances of every fonn and variety," Among the business transacted by this Congress was the passage, on the 24th of October, of " An Or- dinance for compelling the payment of the ten thou- sand pound tax from such persons as have refused to pay their quotas." The resolution levying this tax had been passed at the May session, and the subject had received further attention at the session held in August; notwithstanding which a large amount still remained uncollected, — payment being refused, — for which reason this ordinance was passed, authorizing more stringent measures against delinquents and di- recting the chairman or deputy chairman of any county committee to order the properly authorized persons " to make distress on the goods and chattels" of such delinquents, and to " make sale thereof at public vendue, giving five days' notice thereof by advertisement in such town or county." But the most important of the measures taken at this session were those which related to the mustering and equipping of the military forces, and to raising the funds necessary for that purpose. One of these (passed October 28(,h) was " An Ordinance for regu- lating the Militia of New Jersey," which, after re- citing in its preamble that " Wliereas, The ordinances of the late Provincial Congress for regulating the Militia of this Colony have been found insufficient to answer the good purposes intended, and it appearing to be essentially necessary that some further regula- tions be adopted at this time of imminent danger," proceeded to adopt and direct such " further regula- tions" as were deemed necessary to accomplish the object for which the previous ordinances had been found insufficient, — viz., the enrollment in the militia of all able-bodied male inhabitants of the province between the ages of sixteen and fifty years (except those whose religious principles forbade them to bear arms), their muster, equipment, and instruction in military tactics under the command of proper oiEcers. It was not materially different from the earlier ordi- nances passed for the same purpose, except that its requirements were more clearly defined, thorough, and peremptory, and that evasion or non-compliance was punished by severer penalties and forfeitures, and these to be rigidly and relentlessly enforced. One of the provisions of the ordinance was to the efiect that every man enrolled in the militia " shall with all ' convenient speed furnish himself with a good musket or firelock and bayonet, sword or tomahawk, a steel ramrod, priming-wire and brush fitted thereto, a car- touch-box to contain twenty-three rounds of car- tridges, twelve fiiuts, and a knapsack, agreeable to the direction of the Continental Congress, under the forfeiture of two shillings for the want of a musket or firelock, and of one shilling for the want of the other above-enumerated articles" ; also " that every person directed to be enrolled as above shall, at his place of abode, be provided with one pound of powder and three pounds of bullets of proper size to his musket or firelock." The following extracts from the minutes of the Congress are given here as having reference to mili- tary matters at that time in Hunterdon and Somerset Counties : 36 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Octolier4th.— "Mr. President laid liefore the CongreBS alerter from the Earl of Stirling, inclosing copies of some letters lately written by His Lordship on the subject of his liaving received a commission of Colonel of a Regiment of Militia [of Somerset County], together with the return of his Regiment." October 11th. — " A petition from the Committee of Amwell, praying that the Third Regiment of the Militia of Hunterdon County may con- tinue, but that the commissions of the iield-ofiicers be vacated, and that the Captains and subaltprna may be allowed to choose tield-officera, was read and ordered a second reading. "A petition from a number of inhabitants of the lower part of Am- well, praying that the Third Regiment in the county of Hunterdon may be united to the First Regiment, commanded by Colonel Smith, was read and ordered a second reading. "A petition from the inhabitants of the upper part of Amwell, pray- ing that if any alteration be made in the Third Regiment of the Militia of Hunterdon, the petitioners may be united to the Fourth Regiment and not to the First Regiment, was read and ordered a second reading. " A petition from Captain Imlay and Captain Gray, praying that the field-officers of the Third Regiment of Militia of Hunterdon may be con- tinued, was read and ordered a second reading." Octoher lath.— " Resohed muinimottehi,'tha,t the appointment of field- officers for the Third Regiment of Militia for the county of Hunterdon be confirmed and that the several regiments continue as directed by the late Congress." October 23d.— "Mr. Fisher, from the committee appointed to examine what matters were referred over to this Congress by the late Provincial Congress or Committee of Safety, reported ; ... and some petitiims from the county of Somerset respecting Colonel McDonald's appointment to the command of the Battalion of minute-men in that county. . . ." October 28th.— "Oi-rfej-ed, That a commission do issue to John Taylor, Esq., as Second Major of the Fourth Regiment of Militia in Hunterdon County." The purchase, for the province, of arms, ammuni- tion, camp-equipage, artillery, and other military necessities, and the furnishing of funds for such purchase by the issuance of bills of credit, were provided for by an ordinance passed October 28th,* of which the preamble and most important sections were as follows : " TITieretK, It appears oSBentially necessary at this time of increasing danger that the inhabitants of this Colony should be furnished with ammunition and other military stores, and that this Colony should be put into some proper posture of defense : "It is therefore Eesolved and Directed, That Messrs. Samuel Tucker, Abraham Hunt, Joseph Ellis, and Alexander Chambers be, and they are hereby, appointed Commissioners for the Western Division; and "that Hendrick Fisher, Azariah Dunham, Abraham Clark, and Samuel Potter be, and they are hereby, appointed Commissioners for tlie Eastern Di- vision of this Colony ; which said Commissioners, or the major part of them, are hereby authorized and directed to receive of the Treasurers of this Colony, for the time being, appointed by this Congress, or either of them, all such sum or sums of money as they shall from time to time find necessary to expend for the use of this Colony, pursuant to the res- olutions hereinafter mentioned. " And U isfwlher Resohed and Directed, That the said commissioners be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed to contract with artificers for, or otherwise purchase, three thousand stand of arms at any price not exceeding Three Pounds Seven Shillings each stand ; and also to purchase ten tons of gunpowder, twenty tons of lead, one thousand car- touch-boxes, at any price not exceeding nine shillings each; a quantity of flints, brushes, priming-wire, and cartridge paper, not exceeding one hundred Pounds in value ; two chests of medicine, not exceeding three hundred Pounds in value ; four hundred tents, with camp-equipage, etc., not exceeding one thousand eight hundred and seventy Pounds in value ;' two thousand blankets, not exceeding fifteen hundred Pounds in value | a number of axes, spades, and other intrenching tools, not exceeding three hundred Pounds in value; and a train of artillery, not exceeding five hundred Pounds in value.f * Minutes of the Provincial Congress and Council of Safety 17VS-76 p. 246. t It was found that the articles named could not be purchased for the " And it is further Resolved and Directed, That the said Commissioners do supply the troops of this Colony, when called into action in this or any of the neighbouring Colonies, with one month's subsistence, at one shil- ling per day per man, or provisions to that amount if necessary; Pro- vided, That the expense of such subsistence doth not exceed the sum of one thousand four hundred Pounds in value ; and one month's pay for the troops of this Colony, when called into actual service ; Provided, That the Continental Congress do not malce provision for the same ; and provided also that the pay of such troops doth not exceed the sum of four thousand Pounds in value. ^' And it is further Resohed and Directed, That the Treasurers of this Colony be, and they are hereby, required and enjoined to pay to the said Commissioners, or to the major part of them, or to their order, all such sum or sums of money astfhey may find necessary to expend for the pur- poses aforesaid ; and the receipt or receipts from the said Commissioners, or a major part of them, shall be sufficient vouchers and discharges to the said Treasurei-s, or either of them, their executors and administra- tors, for all moneys by them paid pursuant to this ordinance. " And wherecu. It is absolutely necessary to provide a fund for defray- ing the above expense, it is therefore Resolited and Directed, That bills of credit to the amount of thirty thousandl Pounds, Proclamation money ,g be immediately prep.ared, printed, .and made as follows, to wit: Five thousand seven hundred bills, each of the value of three Pounds; six thousand bills, each of the value of ou6 Pound ten Shillings; four thou- and bills, each of the value of fifteen Shillings; and three thousand bills, each of the value of si-x shillings ; which bills shall be in the form following, to wit; " ' This bill, by an Ordinance of the Provincial Congress, shall pass cur- rent in all payments within the Colony of New Jersey for Proclamation Money; Dated the diiy of 1775,' and shall be impressed with sxrch devices as the inspectors of the press hereinafter appointed shall direct ; and when printed shall be delivered to Hendrick Fisher and Azariah Dunham, Esquires, of the Eastern Division, and to John Hart and John Carey, Esquires, of the Western Divi.sion, four of the signers thereof, in equal moieties ; one moiety to be signed by the Treasurer and signei-s of the Eastern Division, and the other moiety by the Treasurer and signers of the Western Division. . . ," The succeeding parts of the ordinance provided for the numbering, signing, countersigning, counting, and inspection of the bills, with various other details, all which were laid out and directed with great minute- ness as a safeguard against the possibility of irregu- larity or fraud. And it was further provided by the ordinance that "for the better credit and etfectual sinking of the said bills of credit there shall be as- sessed, levied, and raised on the several inhabitants of this colony, their goods and chattels, lands and tenements, the sum of ten thousand pounds annually in every of the years one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, one thousand seven hundred and eighty- five, and one thousand seven hundred and eighty- six" ; . . . and the apportionment of this annual tax was made identical in the amounts assigned to each sums to which the Commissioners were limited; and thereupon, on the 10th of February, 1776, the Congress gave them unlimited authority to purchase, by the following action : " Wliereas, By an ordinance of this Congress, passed at Trenton the 28th day of October last, the Commis- sioners therein named and appointed to purchase firearms and military stores were particularly restricted in the price to be paid for said fire- arms, whereby, the manufactory thereof hath been greatly impeded ; for the remedy whereof it is resolved unanimously that the said Commis- sioners have full power immediately to proceed in contracting for fire- arms upon the best terms in their power, without any limitation or re- striction ; and that this Congress will in convenient time pass an ordi- nance for that purpose."— Jlfiarito Provincial Congress and Ooimcil of Safetu 1776-76, pp. 358, 359. ' X Tlio amount was raised to fifty thousand pounds by an ordinance passed Feb. 28, 1776. g Proclamation money was reckoned at seven shillings six pence to the dollar. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 37 of the counties with that of the ten thousand pound tax, before mentioned, levied at the session of the preceding May. The sum of one thousand pounds was voted "to encourage the erection of saltpetre- works in this colony'' ; and it was directed that this sum " be ap- propriated to the payment of a bounty of one shilling per pound over and above the market price for any quantity not exceeding twenty thousand weight of good merchantable saltpetre which shall be made and manufactured in this colony on or before the first day of January, 1777; Provided, That the Continental Congress shall not offer the like premium for saltpetre manufactured in any of the United Colonies." The question of the enlistment and organization of two battalions of soldiers in New Jersey for the Con- tinental service was among the business brought be- fore the Congress at this session. It originated in the receipt, on the 13th of October, of a letter from the president of the Continental Congress to the Provin- cial Congress of New Jersey, being as follows : "Philadelphlj, Oct. 12, 1776. "GESTLEMEif,— Some late intcIUgence,* laid before CoDgres, seems to render it absolutely necessary, for the protection of our Uberties and the safety of our lives, to raise several new battalions, and therefore the Congress have come into the inclosed resolutions, which I am ordered to transmit to yon. The Congress have the firmest confidence that from your experienced zeal in this great cause, you will exert your utmost endeavors to carry the said resolutions into execntion with all possible expeditioiu " Thetlongress have agreed to furnish the men with a hunting-shirt, not exceeding the value of one dollar and one-third of a dollar, and a blanket, provided these can be procured, but these are not to be made part of the terms of enJistment. " I am, gentlemen, " Tour most obedient humble servant, " John Hakcock, " President.^ " By order of Congress, I forward you forty-eight commissions for the captains and subaltern officers in the New Jersey Battalions. " To THE MemBEBS or THE COXVESTION OF NEW JERSEY." The resolutions of the Continental Congress referred to in llr. Hancock's letter were passed by that body on the 9th and 12th of October, recommending to the Con- gress of New Jersey that it should " immediately raise, at the expense of the continent, two battalions, con- sisting of eight companies," of men for the service, and specifying the manner in which they were to be en- listed and officered and the pay and allowances they would receive. A reply was at once sent (October 13th) to the Con- tinental Congress, expressing the desire of the Con- gress of New Jersey to promote the common interests of the colonies as far as lay in their power, and to raise the troops as desired, but objecting to the man- ner in which the field-officers for the proposed bat- talions were to be appointed. This disagreement resulted in some further correspondence, and the matter was afterwards satisfactorily arranged ; but in the mean time the Congress of New Jersey passed the * Unfavorable intelligence from the Canadian expedition under Gens. Schuyler and Montgomery. following resolution,! which was ordered to be imme- diately published in the form of an advertisement,— viz. : "In Provincial Congress held at Trenton " The 26th Day or Octobee, 1775. " Whereas, The Honorable Continental Congress have recommended to this Congress that there be immediately raised in this Colony at the ex- pence of the Continent, two Battalions, consisting of eight companies each, and each company to con-ist of sixty-eight privates, and officered with one Captain, one Lieutenant, one Ensign, four Sergeants, and four Corporals, on the following conditions: That the privates be enlisted for a year, at the rate of five dollars per calendar month, liable to be dis- charged at any time on aUowing one month's pay extraordinary • that each of the privates be allowed, instead of a bounty, a felt hat, a pair of yam stockings, and a pair of shoes,-the men to find their own arms ; that each capUiu and other commissioned officer while in the recruiting service of this Continent, or on their march to join the army, shall be aUowed two dollars and two-thirds of a dollar per week for their subsists euce ; and that the men who enlist shall, each of them, whilst in quarters, be allowed one dollar per week, and one dollar and one-third of a dollar when on their march to join the army, for the same purpose [here fol- lows the prescribed form of enhstment]. "This Congress, desirous to carry into execution the above resolution of the Continental Congress, do resolve that warrants be issued to proper pcrs<,n8 for immediately raising the said two Battalions, consisting of eight companies each, and each company of sixty-eight privates, and officered with one Captain, one Lieutenant, one Ensign, four Sergeants, and four Corporals, on the terms aforesaid ; which sergeants, corporals! and privates to be enlisted shall be able-bodied freemen. And it is further directed that, when any company shall be enlisted, the persons having warrants for raising the same shall cause a muster to be had thereof, in the presence of either Elias Dayton, Azariah Dunham, Joseph Ellis! or John Jlehelm, Esquires, who are hereby appointed muster masters' to review the said companies. . . And it is hereby recommended to the inhabitants of this Colony to be aiding and assisting, as far as their influence extends, in raising the aforesaid levies. . . ." On the 28th of October the Provincial Congress passed a resolution recommending to the Continental Congress the appointment and commissioning of the following-named field-officers for the two battalions to be raised in New Jersey,— viz. : For the Eastern Bat- talion, the Earl of Stirling colonel, William Winds lieutenant-colonel, and William De Hart major ; for the Western Battalion, William Maxwell colonel, Israel Shrieve lieutenant-colonel, and David Eay major. These appointments were soon after made, and commissions issued by direction of the Conti- nental Congress. The Provincial Congress adjourned on the 28th ol October, "to meet at New Brunswick on the first Tuesday in April next, unless sooner convened by the President, Vice-President, or the Committee of Safety." The gentlemen appointed to form this com- mittee, to act for the public welfare in the recess of this Congress, were Samuel Tucker, Hendrick Fisher, John Hart, Abraham Clark, Lewis Ogden, Joseph Holmes, John Mehelm, Isaac Pearson, John Pope, Azariah Dunham, John Dennis, Augustine Stevenson, Ruloff Van Dyke. Six of these thirteen members were from Hunterdon and Somerset Counties. The Committee held a five days' session at Prince- ton, from the 9th to the 13th of January, 1776, at which a number of Tories and disaflfected persons t Minutes of the Provincial Congress and Council of Safety, 1775-76 p. 233. 38 HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. were severely dealt with, and provision was made for the erection of beacons and the keeping of express- riders in constant readiness to convey intelligence in case of alarm from invasion or other causes, but no important action is found having special reference to Hunterdon or Somerset Counties. They saw fit, how- ever, to call an extra session of the Provincial Con- gress, as appears by the following extract from their minutes, dated January 12th, — viz. : " This Committee received several resolutions and determinations of the Continental Congress respecting raising one new battalion in this Province, erecting and establishing a Court of Admiralty, advising the forming some useful regulations respecting the Continental forces raised in this Colony ; which requisitions, together with many other important concerns, render the speedy meeting of the Congress of this province absolutely necessary. This Committee have therefore appointed the meeting of said Congress to be at New Brunswick on Wednesday, the thirty-firBt day of this instant, January." The Congress accordingly met at the time and place designated, and commenced business on the 1st of February. The recruitment of the two battalions which Con- gress at its previous session had ordered to be raised had proceeded successfully and with rapidity. Lord Stirling, having been commissioned colonel of the First or Eastern battalion, had taken with him to it several of the officers and a considerable number of the men of the Somerset County regiment of militia, which he had previously commanded, and he found very little difficulty in filling the ranks of his new command. Col. Maxwell's (Western) battalion was recruited with nearly equal facility. In the last week of November (1775) Stirling established his head- quarters at Elizabethtown to fill his battalion to the maximum, six companies of it having previously been ordered to garrison the fort in the Highlands on the Hudson River. Lieut.-Col. Winds was soon after stationed, with a part of the battalion, at Perth Am- boy. Col. Maxwell's battalion was ordered to the vicinity of the Hudson River, and both the Eastern and Western battalions having been filled, or nearly so, were mustered into the Continental service in De- cember.* It does not appear, however, that they were fully armed and equipped when so mustered, as is shown (at least in regard to the Western battalion) by the following action taken by the Provincial Con- gress! at New Brunswick, on the third day of its ses- sion, Feb. 2, 1776,— viz. : "Wliereas, The Continental Congress have ordered Colonel Maxwell's battalion to march to Canada as soon as the men can be furnished with arms and other articles absolutely essential ; and whereas, arms are ex- tremely scarce, and indeed impossible to be procured in time for the equipment of said battalion without making application to the several Counties in this Province: Resolved, That the Committees, or other public bodies, in whose hands any of the Kew Jersey Provincial arms and * These two battalions were the first troops of New Jersey which actu- ally took the field. Lord StirUng was of Somerset County, and one of its leading citizens, while Gen. Maxwell bore nearly the same relation to Hunterdon County, although he resided a short distance outside her boundaries. t Minutes of the Provincial Congi-ess and Council of Safety 1775-76 pp. 341, 342. accoutrements are deposited [are requested ?] to deliver the same to the commanding oiHcer of said battalion, or his order ; of whom they are required to tiike vouchers, with the valuation of said arms, etc., there under written; and that this Congress will either immediately pay for said arms, agreeable to appointment, or replace them as soon as possible, whichever the said Committees or public bodies shall think most proper. " This Congress do, in the most strong and explicit manner, recom- mend to every private person who has anns fit for immediate use to dis- pose of the same for the purpose above mentioned." And the Congress, on the same day, ordered to be sent " to the commanding officers and chairmen of the several county committees in the province" a cir- cular-letter in these words : " Gentlemen, — The late repulse at QuebecJ requires every exertion of tlie friends of American freedom, in consequence whereof Colonel Max- well's battalion is ordered to march forthwith, and the Continental Con- gress have applied to our body urging the greatest dispatch in procuring arms and necessaries for this expedition. Therefore, in pursuance of the aforesaid application, we request you, gentlemen, to use the utmost dili- gence and activity in collecting all the public arms belonging to your county, being your proportion of the Provincial arms unsold. Dispatch in this case is quite necessary, as, no doubt, the arms are distributed in the hands of the associators, it will be necessary that every officer do his part. The value of the arms will be paid in money, or the number be replaced, and the expenses of collecting and forwarding them punc- tually discharged. We put you to this trouble with regret ; but the ne- cessity of the measure must apologise. You will have the arms collected in your county valued by good men and sent to Burlington or Trenton, under the care of such officer of Colonel Maxwell's battalion as may be the bearer hereof." That some of the arms for the New Jersey battalions were supplied by New York appears from the record of the proceedings of the Continental Congress, which body on the 2d of January, 1776, " Resolijed, . . . That the hundred stand of arms supplied by the Colony of New York for the New Jersey Battalion be paid for by the Convention of New Jersey ; and that, in order to enable the said Conven- tion to make such payment, as well as to furnish such of the men belong- ing to the said Battalions as are yet unprovided with arms, the further sum of one thousand dollars be advanced to the said Convention, and that the price of the arms be deducted out of the wages of the privates belonging to said Battalions." That a great scarcity of ammunition as well as of arms existed among the men of the two battalions appears by the following extract from the minutes of the Congress, dated February 1st, — viz. . " Lieut.-Col. Winds infoi-med this Congress that he was stationed at Perth Amboy with a part of the Eastern battalion of the Continental forces raised in this Colony, and that he waa destitute of ammunition, and thought it not improbable he miglit soon have occasion for a supply. And this Congress being informed that the County of Somerset had a quantity of powder in store, and the County of Middlesex a quantity of lead, — in consideration whereof: Ordered, That Mr. President request the Chairman of the Committee of Somerset to furnish Colonel Winds with four quarter casks of powder ; and that he also request the Chair- man of the Committee of the County of Middlesex to furnish Colonel Winds with 150 pounds of lead ; and that the said powder and lead shall be replaced in some convenient time." The Committees promptly acceded to this request, as appears from the minutes, dated February 10th, ■ — viz. : " On a requisition from Lord Stirling, the Committee of Elizabethtown have furnished him with six thousand cartridges, Somerset county four X The unsuccessful assault on the defenses of that town, in the morn- ing of Dec. 31, 1775, by the American forces under Blontgomery and Ar- nold, in whicli the first-named gallant officer lost his life and the latter was severely wounded. HUNTERDON AND SOMEESET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 39 quarter casks of powder, Woodbridge a considerable quautity, and Brunswick one liundred and lifty weight' of lead. Our militia are very illy supplied with ammunition ; those who have granted the above sup- plies are therefore very desirous that they be immediately replaced." This extract is from a communication sent by the Provincial Congress on the date named to the Conti- nental Congress asking for " ten tons of gunpowder and twenty tons of lead, or as much as may be spared," out of a large quantity reported to have then re- cently arrived at Philadelphia. The request was granted to the extent of half a ton of powder, and out of this the quantity borrowed of Somerset County, Brunswick, Woodbridge, and Elizabeth was replaced. In consequence of the unfavorable result of the military operations in Canada, and the strong proba- bility (indicated in letters from Gen. Washington to Congress) that Gen. Howe intended to evacuate his uncomfortable position at Boston and move his forces thence by sea to New York, as also the knowledge that Sir Henry Clinton had embarked from England on a secret expedition, whose probable destination was New York, a greater degree of activity was in- fused into military measures in general, and especially to those having reference to the defense of the middle colonies. The Continental Congress having resolved in January, 1776, that it was necessary to raise a num- ber of additional battalions, assigned the raising of one of these to the province of New Jersey, and recommended to the Provincial Congress that it should take immediate steps to that end. Accordingly, on the 5th pf February, the last-named Congress passed a resolution to raise a battalion, in addition to the two previously raised, to be enlisted, organized, and oflB.- cered in the same manner (except that each of its eight companies should be composed of seventy-eight instead of sixty-eight privates), and, like the others, to be employed in the Continental service. Company officers for the battalion were appointed by the Con- gress of New Jersey, but the field-officers were to be appointed and commissioned by the Continental Con- gress. The Provincial Congress also resolved, Feb- ruary 13th, " That Col. Dunbar, who lives in the Eastern Division of New Jersey, be recommended to the Honorable Continental Congress as a person well qualified to be appointed joint commissary with Col. Lowrey, who lives in West Jersey, for the Third Battalion, now raising, and such as shall be raised in this Colony in the future." Col. Lowrey was a resident of Flemington, Hun- terdon Co., and, receiving the appointment of com- missary, performed most valuable services to the American cause during the war. The rapid progress made in raising the Third Bat- talion is indicated by the following extract from a let- ter written by President Tucker to the Continental Congress on the 24th of February, only nineteen days after the passage of the resolution ordering the bat- talion to be raised,— viz. : " I am likewise to request that commissions may be sent for the officers of the Third Battalion, as some of the companies are already full and others in a fair way." The ever-present difficulty — scarcity of arms — was an obstacle to the new battalion, as it had been in the cases of the others, and of all troops being raised at that time. This is made apparent by the tenor of a letter sent by the New Jersey Congress to the Conti- nental Congress, dated February 10th, from which is quoted the following : " Gentlemen, — Sensible of the importance that the battalions raised in this Province should be as speedily as possible furnished with arms, we collected for the supply of the First and Second Battalions all the arma fit for service that could be obtained in this Province. We have therefore no resource of providing arms for the Third Battalion hut from our own manufactories, or importation. How soon they can be manufactured is uncertain ; and we have no present prospect of receiving them from abroad. But, being informed that two thousand stand have lately been imported, and that they are within your disposal, we should be glad that part of them may be ordered for the use of the Third Battalion, unless some more immediate public service calls for them. We beg leave to propose whether it would not be advisable to clothe the battalions now raising in uniform, deducting the expence attending it out of the men^s wages. . . ." The pressing need of blankets for the troops is also shown by this entry on the congressional minutes dated March 1st : " This Congress, sensible of the extreme scarcity of blankets now wanted for Continental forces, do recommend it to all the inhabitants of this colony who may have any good blankets that they can possibly spare to dispose of the same to the commissary on reasonable terms for the use of said forces." On the 13th of February, Congress resolved " that a train of artillery, consisting of twelve ;f>ieces, be immediately purchased for the use of this Colony'' ; and on the 2d of March an ordinance was passed di- recting that two complete artillery companies be im- mediately raised for the defense of the colony, ''one to be stationed in the Eastern and one in the Western Division thereof, . . . to be disposed of in this Colony as the Congress, Committee of Safety, Brigadier-Gen- eral of the Division to which they respectively belong shall direct ; each company to be commanded by a Captain, Captain-Lieutenant, First and Second Lieu- tenants; and to consist of a Fire-worker, four Ser- geants, four Corporals, one Bombardier, and fifty matrosses, all of whom are to be able-bodied free- men, and to be enlisted for one year, unless sooner discharged." The commissioned officers appointed for these companies were Frederick Frelinghuysen captain,* Daniel Neil captain-lieutenant, Thomas Clark first lieutenant, and John Heard second lieu- tenant of the Eastern Company, and Samuel Hugg captain, Thomas Newark captain-lieutenant, John Westcott first lieutenant, and Joseph Dayton second lieutenant of the Western Company. A company of riflemen was also ordered to be raised, to be joined to Col. Maxwell's (Second Continental) battalion. And * Capt. Frelinghuysen soon after resigned his commifision, and there- upon his artillery company was disbanded, as is shown by an ordinance passed Aug. 21, 1776, ordering the payment of certain demands, among them being: "To Frederick Frelinghuysen £61 13s. 2d., being the bal- ance due to him and men by him enlisted for the eastern company of ar- tillery, who were discharged upon his resignation."— Mm. Prov. Cong., 1776, p. 675. 40 HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. it was ordered (February 3d) that, as Lord Stirling, previously colonel of the First Regiment of militia in the county of Somerset, had been appointed to a com- mand in the Continental army, "Stephen Hunt, Esq., be colonel, Abraham Ten Eyck, Esq., lieutenant-colo- nel, James Linn, Esq., first major, and Derrick Med- dagh, Esq., second major of the said regiment, and that their commissions be made out accordingly." In view of the probability, as before mentioned, that Gen. Howe was about to move his army to oc- cupy New York, and the expected arrival, by sea, of a force under Sir Henry Clinton, a considerable num- ber of Continental and provincial troops had been ordered to that city, and among these the battalion of Lord Stirling, who received orders to that effect about the 1st of February, and moved his command from Elizabethtown to New York on the 5th and 6th of that month.* On the 15th of February the Con- gress of New Jersey received a communication from the president of the Continental Congress, dated Feb- ruary 12th, asking this province to send a force of minute-men to New York. Its tenor was as follows : " Gentlemen, — The arrival of troope at New York, the importance of that place to the welfare of America, and the neceBsity of throwing up a number of works to prevent our enemies from landing and taking post there, render it necessary that a number of troops should immediately join Maj.-Gen. Lee; I am therefore desired to apply to you, and request you would, with all possible expedition, send detachments of your minute-men equal to a battalion, under proper officers, and well armed and accoutred, to New York, there to be under command of Gen. Lee. Your approved zeal in the cause of your country gives me the strongest assurance that you will with alacrity embrace this opportunity of giving aid to your neighbors, and that your people will cheerfully engage in a service by which they will not only render a very essential service to their country, but £^1bo have an opportunity of acquiring military skill and knowledge in the construction of field-works and the method of fortifying and entrenching camps, by which they will be the better able, when occasion calls, to defend their rights and liberties." Upon the receipt of which the Provincial Congress resolved unanimously, " That the above requisition be complied with, and that detachments of minute-men, properly accoutred, equal to a battalion in the Continen- tal sei-vice, be immediately made, and marched to New York, under the command of Charles Stewart, Esq., colonel, Mark Thompson, Esq., lieu- tenant-colonel, Frederick Frelinghuysen and Thomas Henderson, Esqrs., majors." But again the scarcity of arms presented a serious difficulty, and this time it proved an insuperable ob- stacle to the desired movement of the troops, as is ex- plained by the following extract from the minutes of the Continental Congress, dated February 22d, — viz. : "A delegate from New Jersey having informed Congress that the regi- ment of militia ordered by the Convention of that Colony to march to the defense of New York, in consequence of the resolve of Congress of the l'2th of this mouth, were not sufficiently ai-med, and that they could not he furnished with arms unless the Congress supplied them, and as * In a letter addressed by Lord Stirling to the president of Congress, dated New York, Feb. 19, 1776, he says, — " SiK,— On the 14th instant I informed you of having received Gen. Lee's orders to march with my regiment to this place. I accordingly marched the next morning with four companies from Elizabethtown, and arrived here the next day, as soon as the ice permitted us to cross Hudson's River. The other four companies lolloAved the next day." CoUectUmB of the New Jersey Hutorical Socidij, vol. ii. p. 129. this Congress have not arms to spare,— those they have being necessary for arming the battalions in the'Continental sei-vice : Therefore, Betolved, that the march of said battalion of militia be countermanded." One week after the marching orders to the New Jersey minute-men were thus countermanded, the several organizations of minute-men in the colony were disbanded by action of the Provincial Congress, which on the 29th of February passed an ordinance in which it was directed "That all the minute-men heretofore embodied in the several parts of this Colony be immediately dissolved, and incorporated with the militia, in the several companies in the district in which they respectively reside, as though such minute-men had never been raised. , . ." The principal reasons for this action, as enumerated in the preamble to the ordinance, were that large numbers of the members of minute-men organiza- tions had enlisted in the Continental service, thereby greatly reducing the companies and battalions, and so placing them in a condition in which they could not " answer the design of their institution," and that " our defense, under God, chiefly depends upon a well-regulated militia." Thus the "minute-men',' organizations of New Jersey ceased to exist, never having had an opportunity to perform any of the peculiar services for which they were formed. The Congress of New Jersey adjourned on the 2d of March, 1776, having previouslyf passed an ordi- nance, in which it was " Resolved and directed, That there be a new choice of Deputies to serve in Provin- cial Congress, for every County of this Colony, on the fourth Monday in May yearly, and every year," thus establishing regular annual elections of deputies in- stead of the special elections called, as they had pre- viously been, at the pleasure of Congress. The elections were held at the time specified, and resulted in the choice of Philemon Dickinson, John Allen, Samuel Tucker, John Hart, and John Mehelm for Hunterdon, and Frederick Frelinghuysen, WU- liam Paterson, John Witherspoon, Jacob E. Harden- bergh, and James Linn for Somerset County. These, with fifty-five deputies from the other counties, assem- bled in Provincial Congress at Burlington, and organ- ized on the nth of that month by electing Samuel Tucker, of Hunterdon, president, and William Pater- son, of Somerset County, secretary. At this session a great amount of business was transacted, a large proportion of which was included in the measures taken for raising, organizing, and forwarding troops. These measures will not be noticed in detail here, but the most important of them will be mentioned incidentally in succeeding pages, in connection with the military events of which the year 1776 was so fruitful. But the most notable action taken at this session was that which transformed New Jersey from a colony into an independent State by the adoption of a State constitution on the 2d of July. And it is worthy of note that when the vote was taken upon the immediate adoption and confirma- t February 28th. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 41 tion of this constitution, John Mehelm, who voted for, and William Paterson, who voted against, that prop- osition, were the only members of the Hunterdon and Somerset delegations who answered the roll-call of deputies. On the 17th of July the Congress ratified the Dec- laration of Independence by the adoption of this resolution, — viz. : "Wha-eas, The Honorable Continental Congress have declared the TJnited Colonies Free and Independent States : We, the Deputies of New Jersey in Provincial Congress assembled, do resolve and declare that we ■will support the freedom and independence of the said States with our lives and fortunes, and with the whole force of New Jersey." And on the following day it was by the same body " Beaolved, That thisHouse from henceforth, instead of the style and title of the Provincial Congress of New Jersey, do adopt and assume the style and title of the Convention of the State of New .Jersey." On the same day (July 18th) an ordinance was passed defining the crime of treason against the State of New Jersey, and making it punishable " in like manner as by the ancient laws of this State," — ^that is, by the infliction of the penalty of death. The old colonial Legislature of New Jersey had held its sessions and (nominally) exercised its functions in 1775 until the 6th of December in that year, when Governor Franklin prorogued the House, and this proved to be its dissolution. The Governor, who was notoriously inimical to the American cause, issued his proclamation in the following May, calling a ses- sion on June 20th, but this was met by prompt action on the part of the Provincial Congress, which, on the 14th of June, " Eesolved, That in the opinion of this Congress the Proclamation of William Franklin, late Governor of New Jersey, bearing date on the thirtieth day of May last, in the name of the King of Great Britain, appointing a meeting of the General Assembly to be held on the twen- tieth day of this instant June, ought not to be obeyed." This action had the desired effect; the colonial Legislature never reassembled. On the 16th of June the Congress "Bawtoed, That in the opinion of this Congress the said William Franklin, Esquire, by such proclamation, has acted in direct contempt and violation of the resolve of the Continental Congress of the fifteenth of May last That in the opinion of this Congress the said William Franklin, Esquire, has discovered himself to be an enemy to the liberties of this country ; and that measures ought to be immediately taken for securing the person of the said William Franklin, Esquire." On the same day orders were issued to Col. Na- thaniel Heard, of the First Battalion of Middlesex militia, to wait on the Governor, to offer him a parole, by which he was to agree to remain quietly at Prince- ton, Bordentown, or on his farm at Eancocus (which- ever he might elect), and, in case of his refusal to sign this parole, to arrest him. On the 17th, Col. Heard and Maj. Dears proceeded to Amboy, waited on the Governor, offered him the parole, and, upon his refusal to sign it, surrounded his house with a guard of sixty men to hold him prisoner until further orders were received from Congress. The orders came to remove the Governor to Burlington, and he was accordingly taken there. Upon examination he was adjudged a violent enemy to his country and a dangerous person, and he was then placed in custody of Lieut.-Col. Bowes Read to await orders from the Continental Congress. On the 25th of June orders were received to send him, under guard, to Governor Trumbull, of Connecticut, who was requested, in case of Franklin's refusal to sign a parole, to treat him as a prisoner, agreeably to the resolutions of Congress applying to such cases. He was accordingly sent to Connecticut, jjlaced in custody of Governor Trum- bull, and never returned to this State. This was the- end of the civil authority of King George in New Jersey. The constitution adopted on the 2d of July, 1776, vested the government of the State in a Governor,* Legislative Council, and General Assembly, the mem- bers of the Council and Assembly to be chosen for the first time on the second Tuesday in the following August, and afterwards, annually, on the- second Tuesday in October. The members elected in 1776, in conformity to these provisions, met in October of that year, and organized as the first Legislature of New Jersey under the State constitution, succeeding to the powers and functions of the Provincial Con- gress and the Convention of the State of New Jersey, and continuing to exercise those powers as a perma- nent body. Although New Jersey had been actively engaged in military preparations from the time when the war- like news from Lexington sped across her hills and streams, it was not until the winter and spring of 1776 — the time when Washington sent his warning that the British commander in Boston was probably contemplating the movement of his forces to New York — that the people of this province began to realize the immediate danger of actual invasion, and that the lapse of a few weeks might whiten their valleys and highlands with the tents of a hostile army. It has already been mentioned that when the de- signs of Gen. Howe became apparent the battalion of New Jersey Continental troops under Lord Stirling was moved from Elizabethtown to New York, and that a regiment of minute-men under Col. Charles Stewart was ordered to march "with all possible expedition" to the same place, but was prevented from doing so by lack of the necessary arms. On the 1st of March, 1776, the Continental Congress com- missioned Lord Stirling a brigadier-general, and im- mediately afterwards he assumed command of all the troops at New York, Gen. Lee having been or- dered to other duty. On the 20th of March the force under Stirling's command! comprised his own New * The constitution provided that the Governor should be elected annu- ally by the Council and Assembly in joint ballot.^ + In the evening of the 20th the command was assumed by Lord Stir- ling's senior, Brig.-Gen. ITiompson, who had then just arrived from Philadelphia. A few days later, however, he was ordered to Canada, and the command again devolved on Lord Stirling. 42 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET . COUNTIES, NEW JEESEY. Jersey battalion (about five hundred men, sick and well), five hundred minute-men from Dutchess and Westchester Cos., N. Y., about two hundred New Jersey militia,* and two Connecticut regiments, under Cols. Ward and Waterbury, numbering in the aggre- gate about one thousand men, whose term of service was then within a few days of its expiration. All of this force, except the necessary guards, was at that time employed in the erection of defensive works in and around New York and on Long Island, " assisted by about one thousand of the inhabitants of the city, who turned out on this occasion with great alacrity, the inhabitants and negroes taking their tour of duty regularly." The force was immediately afterwards augmented by two other regiments from Connecticut, under Cols. Dyar and Williams. For eight months following the time when Gen. Washington assumed commandf of the American forces his army lay in fortified camps encircling the British post in Boston, which place he was fully de- termined to occupy, though he preferred to do so by forcing the enemy to evacuate rather than to risk the chances of battle. At first the British commander felt secure and confident of his ability to continue his occupation of the city, but, in the winter of 1775- 76, Washington discovered strong indications of an intention on the part of the enemy to withdraw, and he so notified the Continental Congress. He relaxed none of his vigilance, however, but pushed his military preparations with energy. The final movement which compelled the evacuation was the occupation and for- tifying of Dorchester Heights during the night of the 4th and 5th of March. The morning of the 5th re- vealed to the astonished eyes of Gen. Howe a formida- ble line of earthworks upon the crest, with cannon mounted on the ramparts commanding his position ; and from that moment he resolved on an immediate evacuation of the city. He prepared for a real or feigned attack, however, by ordering Earl Percy with a corps of two thousand four hundred men to cross in transports to Dorchester Point and make a night as- sault on the rebel works. Washington was fully pre- pared to receive him, but there arose a furious gale of wind, which rendered it impracticable for the British troops to cross. The storm continued with unabated violence through all the next day, and the attack was finally abandoned. On the 7th, Howe called a council of war, at which it was decided to evacuate the place without delay. He had threatened to burn the town if his army was molested in its departure, and the terrified inhabitants (largely composed of loyalists) waited on him, im- ploring him to spare it. The result was a promise on the part of the British commander to leave the town unmolested if Washington would allow him to depart in quiet. The American general, not unwilling to • CoUectioDB of the New Jersey Historical Society, vol. ii. pp. lei 162. t At Cambridge, July 12, 1776. avoid bloodshed and the destruction of the place, tacitly consented ; and so, on the morning of Sunday, March 17th, the British troops marched to the wharves and, embarking, took their final departure. The fleet dropped down the bay to Nantasket Eoads, where it lay at anchor for ten days, and then put to sea. Although it was announced that the British fleet, with Howe's army on board, was bound for Halifax, there to await reinforcements from England, Gen. Washington suspected that its real destination was New York, and, leaving a suflScient force to occupy Boston, he put his army in motion for the former city, and arrived there in person on the 14th of April. He at once commenced active preparations for repelling the expected enemy by strengthening the defensive works already erected by Lee and I^ord Stirling, by constructing additional fortifications at several points, by a thorough reorganization of his forces, and by laying before Congress the urgent necessity of provid- ing reinforcements. On the 3d of June the Continental Congress re- solved "That a flying camp be immediately estab- lished in the middle colonies, and that it consist of ten thousand men, . . ." to be made up of militia furnished by Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware; and on the same day " Resolved, That thirteen thou- sand eight hundred militia be employed to reinforce the army at New York," of which number the quotai assigned to New Jersey was three thousand three hundred men. On the 14th of June the Congress of New Jersey passed an ordinance directing that this number of men, in forty companies, to compose five battalions, all to form one brigade, to be " imme- diately got in readiness and marched to New York under the command of a brigadier-general," the bat- talions to be raised by voluntary enlistment, to con- tinue in service till the 1st of December following, unless sooner discharged. The quotas assigned to each of the counties, and the field-officers appointed to the command of the several battalions, were as fol- lows : One battalion to be made up of three companies from each of the counties of Bergen and Essex, and two companies from Burlington. Ofiicers : Philip Van Cortland, Colonel ; David Brearly, Lieutenant- Colonel ; Richard Dej^, Major. One battalion of four companies from each of the counties of Middlesex and Monmouth. OflScers : Na- thaniel Heard, Colonel ; David Forman, Lieutenant- Colonel ; Thomas Henderson, Major. One battalion of four companies each from Morris and Sussex. Officers : Ephraim Martin, Colonel ; John Munson, Lieutenant-Colonel; Cornelius Lud- low, Major. One battalion composed of two companies from each of the counties of Burlington, Cumberland Gloucester, and Salem. Officers; Silas Newcomb Colonel ; Bowes Reed, Lieutenant-Colonel ; Major. HUNTERDON AND SOMEESET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 43 One battalion composed of three companies from Somerset and five companies from Hunterdon County. Officers : Stephen Hunt, Colonel ; Philip Johnston, Lieutenant-Colonel ; Joseph Phillips, Major.\ Dr. Cornelius Baldwin was appointed surgeon of this battalion. Joseph Reed was appointed brigadier-general and assigned to the brigade formed of these five battalions, but for some cause which does not appear he did not assume the command, and on the 21st of June the Congress " Ordered, That the President write to Gen- eral Livingston and inform him that it is the desire of Congress that he would take the command of the militia destined for New York." He declined to ac- cept it, however, and on the 25th of the same month Col. Nathaniel Heard, of Middlesex, was appointed brigadier-general and placed in command of the brigade, which, under him, was soon after marched to reinforce the army at New York. But on the 24th of July a letter addressed by Gen. Washington to the Convention of New Jersey* was read before that body, informing them " that the brigade under Gen- eral Heard was far from being complete, and urging the necessity of raising and forwarding the new levies destined to reinforce the army at New York" ; where- upon it was by the Convention " Ordered, That a letter be written to General Washington informing that several companies were on their way to join the brigade ; and that this Convention will use its utmost efforts to furnish its quota, and to give His Excellency such other aid as the weal of the United States may_ require and the condition of this State wOl admit." When the British commander, Gen. Howe, evacu- ated Boston, in March, 1776, he sailed with his forces to Halifax, as had been announced, with the inten- tion of awaiting there the arrival of reinforcements from England. But,' as these did not arrive at or near the time when they were expected, he became wearied by the delay, and on the 10th of June set sail from that port with the troops of his command, bound for Sandy Hook, where a part of the force arrived on the 25th of the same month, and were soon followed by others, including the commanding general, who disembarked his army on Staten Island to await the arrival of the squadron from England, under command of his brother. Admiral Lord Howe, who entered the bay with part of his fleet on the 12th of July ; but it was not until the middle of August that the last of the reinforcements arrived. The appearance of Howe's forces on Staten Island caused great consternation throughout New Jersey,! * Minntes of the Provincial Congress and Council of Safety, 1776-76, p. 518. t In the " Minutes of the Provincial CongreBs and Council of Safety," nnder date June, 1776, is found the following : " Cougresa received a letter from Col. Taylor, of Monmouth, dated 10 o'clock in the forenoon of this aay, informing that nineteen sail of the enemy's fleet [meaning the shipe of Gen. Howe from Halifax, and not the men-of-war under ^dmiroJHowe] lies at the Hooli, and forty-flve in sight; read and re- particularly in the eastern portion of the State, and this alarm was greatly increased and intensified when the bay and all the adjacent waters became black with the almost innumerable ships of the British fleet. The Tory element, too, which was by no means inconsid- erable in numbers, became at once rampant, and was especially aggressive in the counties of Monmouth and Hunterdon. With reference to the Tory bands in the former county, the Provincial Congress, on the 26th of June, ordered that Col. Charles Read, with two companies of Burlington militia, proceed to cap- ture them, taking also for the purpose all the militia of Monmouth County if found necessary. And, with regard to Hunterdon, the Convention, on the same day, took action as follows : " WliereaSf it appears, from authenticli information, that certain disaf- fected persons in the^County of Hunterdon have confederated for the purpose of opposing the measures of the Continental and Provincial Congresses, and have even proceeded to acts of open and daring violence ; have plundered and rohhed the house of Captain Jones; have beaten, wounded, and otherwise abused the friends of freedom in said County, and now publicl£ly declare that they will take up arms and engage in behalf of the King of Great Britain, the avowed and implacable enemy of the United Colonies ; In order to put an effectual stop to a combina- tion BO hostile and dangerous, It is resolved unanimously, That Lieuten- ant-Colonel Ten Eick and Major BeiTy take to their aid such a number of the militia, properly oSicered and armed, of the Counties of Huntei^ don aud Somerset, as they may think necessai-y, and proceed without delay to the said County of Hunterdon, in order to apprehend such in- surgents and disaffected persons as this Congress shall direct." Under the above resolution, Col. Ten Eyck received the following instructions, signed by the president of the Congress : " CoL. Abraham Ten Eick, — ^Tou are hereby ordered to apprehend John Vaught, Joseph Lee, Thomas Swindle, George Cyphers, Jr., Peter Cyphers, John Day, William Hunt, Jr., Jonathan Hunt, John Hunt, John Seal, Jr., Herman Millham, Christopher Vaught, James MacCord, George Casner, Thomas Buskirk, Frederick Frittz, Peter Abgar, Baniel Hunt, George Updike,J John Horpence, Philip Forker, Christopher Dilts, Bartholomew Thatcher, Samuel Slater, Edward Taylor, and John Taylor, all of whom you are to keep under strong guard, and to bring before this Congress, or Committee of Safety during their recess ; to de- liver them to the keeper of the common gaol of Trenton, who is hereby commanded to keep them in close and safe coniinement until this Con- gress, or Committee of Safety, shall take further orders therein." filed. Ordered, That the President write to the Coutiuental Congress in- closing a copy of the above letter, and requesting a supply of powder." And in the proceedings of the same day is the following : " Certain ad- vice being received of the arrival of General Howe at Sandy Hook; Ordered, That all oflicers who have enlisted men properly armed, under the late ordinance for raising three thousand three hundred men within this Colony, proceed immediately with such numbers as they have col- lected, or can collect, without delay to New York, assigning a due pro- portion of oflicers to the men, that they may be ready, and leaving other oflicers, as occasion may require, to collect the remainder. All officers, paymasters, and others are required to be diligent in their respective star tions ; and all the friends of Liberty throughout the Colony are most earnestly entreated now to exert themselves for the preservation of their country, their lives, liberties, and property." It was under this order that Gen. Heard moved his command in haste to New York, aa before noticed. On the 1st of August it was by the Congress " Ordered, That PhiUp Johnston, Esq., be Colonel, Joseph PhU- lips, Esq., Lieutenant-Colonel, and Piatt Bayles Majsr of the battalion raised in the counties of Hunterdon and Somerset, in the brigade under the command of General Heard, destined to reinforce the army at New Tork." t Among the charges made against some of these men was that of " opposition to the draught in Capt. Groendyck's company," in the town- ship of Kingwood. 44 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. In pursuance of these instructions, Col. Ten Eyck proceeded to apprehend the persons named, and their cases were afterwards acted on according to the judg- ment of the Convention. Persons of Tory proclivi- ties were also numerous in Somerset County, hut it does not appear that they became, at this time, so defiant and dangerous as those of Monmouth and Hunterdon. The troops of the " Flying Camp," composed of men from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, and under command of Gen. Hugh Mercer, were stationed at Perth Amboy, and at points north of that place, opposite the west shore of Staten Island. The nominal strength of this corps was ten thousand men, but it had never actually reached that figure, and now it had been materially reduced by detachments, amounting to two thousand men, sent to Gen. Wash- ington, at New York ; so that at this critical time, when this portion of the New Jersey frontier was peculiarly liable to invasion by the army of Howe, the guarding-force became wholly insufficient. In view of this imminent danger, the Continental Congress passed a resolution requesting a levy of two thousand of the militia of New Jersey, to supply the places of an equal number of men sent from the Flying Camp to Gen. Washington. This resolution was read on the 17th of July in the Pro- vincial Congress, and on the following day an ordi- nance was passed by the Convention,* to the effect that " whereas the situation of New York, the vicinity of New Jersey to the enemy, and, above all, the arrival of Lord Howe, who, it is probable, will speedily make some decisive movement, render it absolutely necessary that the most immediate .and effectual steps be taken to guard against the incur- sions of the British troops, and to strengthen the army of the United States; Resolved, therefore, unani- mously, that two thousand of the militia of this State be immediately detached to supply the place of the like number taken from the flying camp in New Jersey and ordered to New York." The force was to be composed of four battalions, an aggregate of thirty companies of sixty-four men each, besides officers, the whole to compose a brigade, under command of a brigadier-general, and to be in the Continental service. To the counties of Hunterdon, Somerset, and Sussex was assigned the raising of one battalion, of which Mark Thompson was appointed colonel, Abraham Bonnell lieutenant-colonel, Enos Kelsey major, and Dr. Jacob Jennings surgeon. Any of the men of this brigade while in service were permitted to enlist in the brigade under command of Gen. Heard, and on doing so were entitled, each man, to receive a bounty of three pounds, voted by the Continental Congress. Again, on the 22d of July, the Continental Con- gress, in view of the imminent danger of invasion, re- * The name of that body having been changed on that day from " The ProYiucial Congress of New Jersey" to "The Convention of the State of New Jersey," ae before mentioned. solved to further increase the Flying Camp, and for this purpose desired the State of New Jersey "to aug- ment its quota with three battalions of militia, in ad- dition to those formerly desired by Congress, and send them with all possible dispatch to join the flying camp." Upon being notified of this action, the Con- vention of New Jersey informed Congress that two thousand men had already been ordered detached from the militia of the State for the purpose men- tioned ; but beyond this it took no further action at that time. The feeling of alarm, however, rapidly increased, and on the 7th of August the Convention received notice of a resolve of Congress "recommending to the State of New Jersey to order their militia imme- diately to march and join Gen. Mercer." This had the effect to cause the Convention to pass (August 11th) an ordinance reciting that "the Convention, viewing with serious concern the present alarming situation of this and their sister-States, that on a pru- dent use of the present moment depend their lives, their liberty and happiness, think it their indispensa- ble duty to j)ut the militia on such a footing that their whole force may be most advantageously exerted ; and to call out the one-half into immediate service, to be relieved by the other monthly," and ordering that all able-bodied men in the State between the ages of six- teen and fifty, without exception, be immediately en- rolled in companies and formed into two divisions, and " that the first division be immediately equipped with arms and every necessary accoutrement that can be obtained, and four days' provision, and march with all dispatch to join the flying camp in this State." This division consisted of thirteen battalions, made up of men drawn from the militia organizations of the several counties of the State, those containing Hun- terdon and Somerset County men being one battalion formed from the two regiments, and one battalion commanded respectively by Cols. Mark Thompson, Ephraim Martin, and John Cleves Symmes, in Hun- terdon and Sussex ; another battalion from the bat- talions of Cols. Stephen Hunt and Abraham Quick, in Somerset ; another battalion from the battalions of Cols. Isaac Smith and David Chambers, in Hunter- don ; and a fourth battalion from the battalions of Cols. Joseph Beavers and John Mehelm, in Hunter- don. The best arms in the possession of all the mili- tia of the State were taken to arm this First Division, and they were to be turned over to the Second Division when it should relieve the First, at the end of one month from the time when the latter was reported for duty with the Flying Camp. The ordinance closed by a most stirring appeal to the people of New Jersey by the members of the Convention. They said, — " In this interesting situation, — viewing, on the one hand, an active, inveterate, and implacable enemy, increasing fast in strengrth, d.tily re- ceiving large reinforcements, and industiionsly preparing to strike some decisive blow; on the other, a considerable part of the inhabitants su- HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE EEVOLUTION. 45 pinely shimbering on the brink of ruin, — and moved T\'itb affecting ap- prebensions, tbe Convention thinlt it incumbent upon tbem to warn tbeir constituents of tbe impending danger. Ou you, our friends and bretbren, it depends, this day, to determine whetber you, your wives, your cbildren, and millions of your descendants yet unborn sball wear tbe galling, tbe ignominious yoke of slavery, or nobly inberit tbe gen- erous, tbe inestimable blessings of freedom. Tbe alternative is before you ! Can you hesitate in your choice ? Can you doubt which to pre- fer ?. . . Happily, we know we can anticipate your virtuous choice. "With confident satisfaction we are assured that not a moment will delay your important decision ; that you cannot feel hesitation, whether you will tamely and degenerately bend your necks to tbe irretrievable wretched- ness of slavery, or by your instant and animated exertions enjoy the fair inheritance of heaven-born freedom, and transmit it unimpaired to your posterity." This language indicates clearly the intensity of the alarm which then pervaded the public mind ; and the facts above noticed show what preparations had been made by the people of New Jersey to meet the im- pending danger at the time when the neighboring hillsides of Staten Island were dotted with the camps of Howe's army, and its shores encircled by the black hulls and menacing batteries of the British fleet. It proved to be the design of the British comman- der not to invade the territory of New Jersey, but to siege and occupy the western end of Long Island ; and he made no delay, after the arrival of the last of his reinforcements, in putting this design into execution. His army, consisting of British regulars and German mercenaries, amounted to about twenty-five thousand men, and with about ten thousand of them he crossed from Staten Island on the 22d of August and effected a landing between the settlements of New Utrecht and Gravesend. The American forces in and about New York numbered, nominally, about twenty-seven thousand men,* and, though they had offered no oppo- sition to the landing of the enemy's columns, it was clear that a conflict between the two armies was in- evitable and could not long be delayed. Five days were spent in preparation on both sides. On the 25th of August, Gen. Putnam succeeded Gen. Sullivan in the command of the American forces at Brooklyn, which had been reinforced by six regiments. On the same day the German general De Heister landed two brigades of Hessians on the island, and on the 26th took position at Flatbush, which Lord Corn- •wallis had occupied with his division three days be- fore. Thus the American and British forces stood on the evening of the 26th, confronting each other, and •within striking distance. Before dawn, in the morning of the 27th of August, the British columns, under Clinton, Percy, and Grant, were put in motion in the direction of the American lines, and it was not long after daylight when their advance became warmly engaged with the troops under Gen. Sullivan ; and then followed the general engagement known in history as the battle of Long Island, which raged until past noon of the day and resulted in the defeat of Gen. Washington's army and * Nearly one-third of this number, however, were unfit for duty, by reason of sickness and other causes. the capture of Lord Stirling with his entire command, who were surrounded and made prisoners. Gens. Sullivan and WoodhuU were also among those taken by the enemy. The loss of the Americans was heavy, being admitted by Gen. Washington to exceed one thousand, and estimated by Gen. Howe to be more than three times that number, including about eleven hundred prisoners. Among the killed was Col. Philip Johnston, of Hunterdon County, commanding the First Regiment. After this disastrous engagement the American forces remained in a fortified position confronting the enemy until the night of the 28th, when they were withdrawn and transported in safety across the East River to New York, taking with them nearly all their military stores, and all their artillery, except a few of the heavier pieces. The public stores were re- moved to Dobb's Ferry, on the Hudson, while the main part of the army, some ten or twelve thousand men, was marched to King's Bridge and there en- camped. A force of between four and five thousand men was left in the city to keep up a show of defense, but not with the intention of holding it against any determined attack of the enemy in force. On the 12th of September, Gen. Washington, by the advice of a council of war, decided on the abandonment of the city, and Gen. Mercer, commanding the Flying Camp, on the New Jersey side, was ordered to move up the river to a point opposite Fort Washington. On the 15th of September, while the city was still partially occupied by the American troops. Gen. Howe commenced crossing the East River with his army under cover of a heavy fire from the men-of- war. Some of Washington's troops who occupied a fortified position near the place of landing fled in terror before the advance of the British and the can- nonade of their ships, and in their panic threw into confusion two brigades which were marching to their support. The result was a disorderly and disgraceful retreat to the main body. No resistance was made, except a temporary stand and slight skirmish at Bloomingdale, and all the. heavy artillery, with a large part of the military stores and provisions, fell . into the hands of the enemy. Gen. Howe occupied the city with a comparatively small force, and moved the main part of his army northward and established his lines, stretching from Bloomingdale across the island to the East River. After the defeat on Long Island and the retreat to King's Bridge the American army was reduced to a state of most discouraging demoralization. In refer- ence to its condition. Gen. Washington, in a letter addressed to Congress in September, 1776, used this language : " Our situation is truly distressing. The check to our detachment on the 27tb ultimo has dispirited too great a proportion of our troops and filled their minds with apprehension and despair. The militia, instead of calling forth their utmost efforts to a brave and manly opposition, in order to repair our losses, are dismayed, intractable, and impatient to re'- turn. Great numbers of them have gone off,- • ' ' ' —in some instances almost 46 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. by whole regiments, in many by hulf ones and by companies, at a time. This circumstance of itself, independent of others, when fronted by a well-appointed enemy, superior in number to our whole collected force, would be snfflciently disagreeable, but when it is added that their exam- ple has infected another paH of the army, that their want of discipline and refusal of almost every liind of restraint and government have ren- dered a like conduct but too common in the whole, and have produced an entire disregard of that order and subordination necessary for the well-doing of an army, and which had been before inculcated as well as the nature of our military establishment would admit, our condition is still more alarming ; and with the deepest concern I am obliged to cou- fesa my want of confidence in the generality of the troops." And he added in effect that all these facts but con- firmed his previous opinion that no dependence could be placed in militia, or in any troops other than those enlisted for a long term, and that in his belief the American cause was in great danger of being lost if its defense was intrusted to any but a permanent army. Upon this representation Congress adopted measures for the immediate raising and organization of such a permanent army, to consist of eighty-eight battalions of seven hundred and fifty men each, to be furnished by the several States. Four of these battalions were assigned to New Jersey as her quota. From the time when Gen. Howe moved his forces across the East Eiver from Long Island to New York, the two opposing armies remained on the east side of the Hudson for about two months, during which time there occurred a great amount of skirmishing (fre- quently resulting favorably for the Americans) and a series of minor engagements, sometimes called the battle of White Plains,* resulting from an attempt, on the part of the British commander, to flank the American position. This attempt finally proved suc- cessful, and the American army was thus placed in great peril, having its line of retreat cut off; so that, in the event of a general engagement, it must proba- bly have been destroyed. In this state of affairs a council of war was held (November 6th), at which it was decided that the army should be moved across the Hudson into New Jersey, those of the forces which were raised on the west side of that river to cross first, and afterwards the others, with more or less rapidity, as necessity might require. A small force, however, was to be left at Fort Washington to hold that work, which, in conjunction with Fort Lee, on the opposite side of the river, was expected to be able to prevent the free passage of the British ships up and down the river. This view of the case was urged upon the council by Gen. Greene, but was disapproved of and warmly opposed by Gen. Lee, who had then just re- turned to this army from a successful campaign in the South. But unfortunately his advice was overruled in the council, and a force was left to hold the fort. The crossing of the Hudson River by the greater part of the army was effected on the 12th and 13th of November, Washington himself crossing on the latter day. Gen. Lee was left on the east side with * Oct. 26-29, 1776. about three thousand men,t with orders to join Wash- ington in New Jersey if the enemy should show in- dications of moving in that direction. Fort Washington had been reinforced by detach- ments from Gen. Mercer's Flying Gamp, augmenting its defending force from twelve hundred to about threa thousand men. It was almost completely surrounded by the enemy, who had determined on its capture. On the 15th of November, Howe sent a summons to Col. Magaw, the commander at the fort, to surren- der, threatening to give no quarter if refused! The summons, however, was disregarded, and on the 16th heavy masses of British and Hessian troops moved to the assault of the work, which after several hours of fighting was surrendered, with two thousand six hun- dredj men as prisoners of war. Washington, on crossing the river into Jersey, had established his headquarters at Haclcensaok, five miles in the rear of Fort Lee, and at the same place were the headquarters of Gen. Greene, who was in com- mand of the troops which had crossed in that vi- cinity. On the 18th of November, two days after the fall of Fort Washington, the first actual invasion of the State of New Jersey by British troops was com- menced by Lord Cornwallis, whose division, six thou- sand strong, crossed the river to Closter Landing, and, marching thence down the river, proceeded to the attack of Fort Lee, the garrison of which evacuated the work in haste? and retreated to the main body of the American army, at Hackensack, leaving their baggage and the military stores at the fort in the hands of the enemy. The army which Gen. Washington then had with him in New Jersey amounted to no more than three thousand effective men, exclusive of the Flying Camp, which was stationed in the neighborhood of Bergen, and still under command of Gen. Mercer. The troops of this last-mentioned corps had only been enlisted for a term to close on the 1st of December, which was then but a few days distant ; and not only was there very little probability that any considerable number would remain after that time, but a great many of them had already left and returned to their homeSv Nearly the same was true of the forces with which Washington had crossed the Hudson, which was daily growing less as the general feeling of despondency increased. The commander-in-chief sent orders to Gen. Lee, who was still east of the Hudson, to cross f The term of service of a large part of Lee's men was then about ex- piring, and, na they could not be induced to re-enlist, this force was soon afterwards greatly reduced by their return to their homes. X This number, given. by Howe in his report, included about two thou- sand regular troops and five or six hundred militia and stragglers. Washington stated the number captured to be two thousand, in which he probably only included the Continental troops. g Gen. Washington had decided, immediately upon the fall of Fort Waabington, to evacuate Fort Lee and remove its stores to the interior of New Jersey, but the promptness of Cornwallis' movements prevented the execution of the plan ; consequently, the stores and material wore lost. As the evacuation had already been decided on, of course no de- fense was intended, and none was made. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 47 that river into New Jersey and hold his command in readiness to give assistance in case the enemy should — as it was now nearly certain he would — advance to the interior of the State. Orders were also sent to Gen. Schuyler to move his troops — among whom were those under command of Gen. Maxwell,* including a large number of men from Hunterdon and Somerset Counties — from Lake Champlain to New Jersey to the aid of Washington; but these succors were distant, and it must be long before they could arrive at the point of danger. Gen. "Washington wrote to Governor Livingston of New Jersey, setting forth his pressing need of reinforcements, and asking that every en- deavor might be used to send men to him in the least possible time; but there was very little probability that any new troops could then be raised. The American army was advantageously posted on the right bank of the Hackensack Eiver, but, as its eflfective strength was scarcely more than one-half that of Cornwallis' corps alone (to say nothing of the other divisions of the British army), any attempt to hold the line of the Hackensack was evidently use- less ; and so, when Cornwallis moved up from Fort Lee to confront him, Gen. Washington immediately retired and set his columns in motion for Newark, which he reached on the 22d of November, and re- mained there until the 28th of the same month, when, on the approach of Cornwallis' advance-guard, the patriot forces left the town and continued their retreat to New Brunswick, where Washington had hoped to make a stand. In this he was sorely disappointed, for, with an active and energetic enemy pressing on his rear, it would require all his forces, to the last man, to enable him to dispute their advance with any- thing like a hope of success, and even then the odds against him would be discouraging. But he could not retain even the meagre force which he had brought with him thus far, for the terms of service of several of the commands (among them the brigades from Maryland and New Jerseyf) had expired, and neither arguments nor threats could prevent the men composing them from disbanding themselves and re- turning to their homes. Without them it was im- practicable to oppose the enemy's advance ; and so, on Sunday, the 1st of December, — the day on which their enlistments expired, — the remnant of the army left New Brunswick, and, passing through the south- east part of Somerset County by way of Six-Mile Eun, and crossing the Millstone Eiver at Eocky Hill, made its way to Princeton, the advance arriving there * Col. Maxwell had been appointed brigadier-general in the Continen- tal army in the preceding October. t The Pennsylvania militia of the Dying Camp, whose term also ex- pired on the 1st of December, had engaged to remain in service till the Ist of January ; notwithstanding which, they deserted in such numbers that it was found necessary to send guards to patrol the shares of the Delaware to intercept the fugitives on their way to their homes and bring them_back to the army. Many of them, however, evaded the guards and made their way successfully into Pennsylvania. the same evening. A stop of several days was made at this place. At New Brunswick Cornwallis had halted his col- umns in obedience to an order from Gen. Howe to proceed no farther than that point until he should be reinforced by other commands of the British army. Washington, aware of this, left behind him in Prince- ton, when he moved thence to Trenton, a force con- sisting of the remnants of two brigades, — in all, twelve hundred men, — in order to make a show of defense, hoping thereby to delay the advance of the British general, and to give renewed confidence to the people of the surrounding country. This detached force was under command of Lord Stirling, who, taken prisoner by the enemy at Long Island, as before mentioned, had been exchanged and returned to his command in the American army a short time before it crossed the Hudson Eiver into New Jersey. Immediately after entering this State, Gen. Wash- ington, in view of the rapid diminution of his army, had dispatched Gen. Miifiin to Pennsylvania to urge the hurrying forward of troops, and he had been so far successful that fifteen hundred men had been sent from Philadelphia, besides a German battalion or- dered thence by Congress. These troops joined Gen. Washington on his arrival at Trenton, and, upon being thus strengthened, the commander-in-chief or- dered a large part of his force to march back on the road to Princeton, to further deceive the British by the appearance of a general advance to meet them. Before the column reached Princeton, however, he received word that Lord Cornwallis, having been strongly reinforced from Howe's army, was already on the move from New Brunswick and marching his troops rapidly by several roads with the evident in- tention of gaining the rear of the American army, and thus securing its destruction. This intelligence caused Washington to decide at once on a retreat to and across the Delaware Eiver, and accordingly he turned the faces of his men once more towards that stream. The main body of Cornwallis' troops marched rap- idly and confidently from New Brunswick to Prince- ton, and on their approach Lord Stirling, knowing that an attempt at defense with his weak force would be useless, evacuated the town and marched rapidly towards Trenton, with the pursuing column of Brit- ish and Hessians close in his rear, — so near, says Los- sing, in his "Field-Book of the Eevolution," that •'often the music of the pursued and the pursuers would be heard by each other;" but this is doubtless drawn from the imagination, as there is little proba- bility that the tattered, shoeless, and dispirited army of Washington, in its flight along the highways of Somerset and Hunterdon Counties, moved to the sound of any music other than that of the howling of the winds of December. On the 8th of that month the American army was moved across the Delaware, the last man of Lord Stirling's rear-guard reaching 48 HUiNTTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. the Pennsylvania shore in safety at about midnight, just as the head of the Hessian column entered Tren- ton. The main body of the British force halted a few miles before reaching the town. The American army which crossed the Delaware into Pennsylvania numbered about two thousand two hundred men, but two or three days later this force was further reduced by the departure of about five hundred whose terms of service had then expired. But even then Washington did not despair. Gen. Gates at the North, and Gen. Heath at Peekskill, had been ordered to join him with their troops with all possible dispatch, and expresses were sent out through Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland urging the militia to march to him without delay ; and it was believed that by these means a sufiicient force might be collected to enable him to resume offensive opera- tions at no distant day. Probably he had already conceived the plan which he afterwards executed so successfully at Trenton. When the crossing was made, Washington, fearing that Cornwallis might attempt the passage of the stream to attack him, took the precaution to secure all the boats upon the Jersey side and have them taken to the opposite shore. He had previously or- dered all boats, bateaux, and river-craft of every kind on the Delaware and Lehigh* rivers to be seized, * " Thia service was assigned to Capt. Daniel Bray, afterwards Gen. Bray, of the New Jersey militia, Capt. Jacob Gearhart, and Capt. Thomas Jones, who collected all the boats on the upper waters of the Delaware and Lehigh and brought them down to Coryeirs Ferry. The boats were hid behind Malta Island, just below what is known as ' The Mills,' on the Pennsylvania side. The island was densely wooded, so that the boats could not be seen by a reconnoitering-party of the enemy as it looked down from the Jersey heights. These boats were thus secured for the famous crossing of Christmas night. Capt. Bray was a native of King- wood, and wai3 familiar with every boat and crossing along the river ; Capt. Gearhart was from Flemington. To procure these boats, to con- ceal their plau from the Tories who were lurking about, and who would betray them at the first opportunity, to cut out these flat-boats in the darkness of the cold winter nights, to float them down amid the rocks and through the rapids, to keep them from being crushed or swamped, was a task most difficult and hazardous. But it was successfully accom- plished. Cornwallis was informed of this enterprise and sent a detach- ment to seize the boats, but they could not find them, or were afraid to venture across the river in the face of those frowning batteries. "Probably while engaged in this search the British learned that a lot of guns were stored in Flemington. A part of Cornwallis' army was then encamped just below Pennington. Five hundred cavalry were de- tailed to seize these arms. At that time, near the Presbyterian church was a long low frame building. For many years afterwards it was a store famous throughout that part of the county. It afforded a market for wheat to a wide section. The store was kept in connection with a mill, on the site of John Rockafellow's mill. In this building a quantity of muskets had been stored by the Continentals. The cavalry reached the village early in the morning, and found in the street a man with a cart, whom they pressed into their service. The chests, with the guns packed in them, were taken out of the building and put into the cart, and then the whole troop hastened away. But when they reached Tat- tersall's Lane, where the tile-kiln now is, they became alarmed, and con- cluded it would be better to destroy the muskets than attempt to carry them away, so they broke the guns by striking them upon the posts of the fence. " In the mean time Capt. John Schenck had collected a band of men and secreted them in a piece of woods between Copper Hill and Lara- son's. As the horsemen filed through this they were fired upon. Capt. Geary, the commander of the British, ordered his troops to halt and face taken to safe places, and carefully guarded. Some of these boats were afterwards used in recrossing the army for its movement on Trenton, and it is not im- probable that Washington even then contemplated putting them to this use, but the immediate object in Securing them was to compel Cornwallis to remain on the eastern side of the river until he could build new boats or until the ice should have become of sufiicient thickness for his troops to pass over on it. The position of Washington on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware was one of safety for his troops, — at least for a time. He made his dispositions at once by posting Gens. Lord Stirling, De Fermoy, Stephens, and Mercer, with their brigades, at differ- ent points along the river from Yardley's to Coryell's Ferry (Lambertville), with the remaining troops of the Flying Camp, under Gen. Irvine, to guard (as well as their feeble strength would permit) the west bank of the river from Yardley's to the point opposite Bordentown. The Pennsylvania militia, under Col. Cadwallader, was posted along the Neshaminy, and the Third Philadelphia Battalion, under Col. Nixon, occupied a position at Durck's Ferry. Gen. Putnam was sent to assume command at Philadelphia, and to take immediate measures for fortifying the approaches to the city. Defensive works were rapidly thrown up at the most exposed points on the river from Coryell's to McConkey's Ferry. Special orders were given to the several brigade commanders holding this section of the shore to exercise sleepless vigilance in guard- ing every practicable crossing-place, and to be pre- pared to support one another promptly in case of emergency; and finally, in case the worst should come and the army be forced back from the Dela- ware, the several commands were ordered to retreat to a general rendezvous at Germantown. The British army in New Jersey was posted in de- tachments along a very extended line. The largest force was at New Brunswick, which was their prin- cipal depot of military stores. A strong detachment was stationed at Princeton ; another, consisting of one thousand five hundred Hessians and a troop of cavalry, at .Trenton ; a body of troops of about equal strength was at Bordentown, under Count Donop ; and smaller detachments occupied Black Horse, Mount Holly, and several other posts, extending below Burlington. The chief command in New Jer- sey was held by Lord Cornwallis, Gen. Howe remain- ing at his headquarters in New York. When the main body of the American army crossed the Hudson Eiver into New Jersey after the battle at the spot whence the firing proceeded, when he was almost immediately shot through the head. His men wheeled and fled. Afraid that they might meet more opposition if they returned the same road they came, the British turned and went towards New Brunswick. Capt. Geary's body was buried in the woods. This Capt, Schenck-atterwards colonel -was a brave ofiicer. With Col. Charles Stewart he rallied the minute- men m 1775, and was active during the whole conflict, in various ways " — r;»e First Century of Bunterdon Comity, by George S. Molt, D.D HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 49 White Plains, Gen. Charles Lee had been left near the latter place with his division of about three thou- sand men. Gen. Washington, on reaching his halting- place at Haokensack, wrote at once to Gen. Lee re- questing him to move his command to the west side of the river and join him without delay. Lee having taken no notice of this request, an order to the same effect was transmitted to him from headquarters ; and ■when it was found that he still lingered, the order was repeated in the most peremptory terms. In obedience to this second order, but with apparent reluctance, he moved his division and crossed into Jersey, but his march was so dilatory that three weeks were consumed by him in bringing his force to Morristown.* From that place his division moved slowly on towards the southwest, and in the evening of the 12th of December the troops bivouacked at Vealtown (now Bernardsville), Somerset Co. The general, however, did not make his headquarters at that place, but passed the night, with only a small guard, at the public-house of Mrs. White, at Basking Eidge, some two and a half miles distant from the main body of his force ; and there, in the morning of the 13th,t he was made prisoner by a detachment of British cavalry under Col. Harcourt. The manner in which the capture of the general was effected is thus told in Wilkinson's " Memoirs" : "Gen. Lee "wasted the morning in altercationB with certain militia corpB who were of his command, particularly the Connecticut Light- horse. One wanted forage, one his horse shod, one his pay, and a fourth his provisions ; to which the general replied, ' Your wants are numer- ous, hut yon have not mentioned the last ; you want to go home, and shall be indulged, for you are no good here.' Several of them appeared in large full-bottomed perukes and were treated very irreverently. " The call of the adjutant-general for orders also occupied some of his time, and he did not sit down to breakfast before ten o'clock. Gen. Lee wag engaged in answering Gen. Gates' letter, and I had risen from the table and was looking out of an end window, down a lane, about one hundred yards in length, which led to the house from the main road, when I discovered a party of British turn the corner of the avenue in full charge. Startled at this unexpected appearance, I exclaimed, * Here, sir, are the British cavalry.' — 'Where?' asked the genei-al, who had signed the letter on the instant. — ' Around the house,' for they had opened files and encompassed the building. Gen. Lee appeared alarmed and yet collected, and his second observation marked his self-possession : * Where is the guard? Damn the guard I Why don't they fire?' and =" " It is evident," says Lossing, " from Lee's conduct, and the tenor of his letters at that time, that it was not so much a spiiit of determined disobedience which governed his actions as a strong desire to act inde- pendent of the cojnmander-in-chief and perform some sigual service which would redound to his personal glory. He was ambitious as he was impetuous and brave. He had endeavored, but in vain, to induce Gen. Heath, who was left in command at Peekskill, to let him have a detachment of one or two thousand men with which to operate. Heath refused to vary from his instructions, and it was well that he did. Washington continued to urge Lee to form a junction with him; yet, as late as the 11th of December, two days after the passage of the Dela- ware, a letter written to Washington by Lee at Morristown hinted at various contemplated movements, not one of which referred to a junc- tion of forces. This was the last letter Washington received from Lee during his march. Two days afterwards, while pursuing his slow and reluctant progress towards the Delaware, Lee was taken prisoner." t Gordon, in his " History of New Jersey," p. :;25, says the capture of Gen. Lee was made on the 12th. Dr. Messier, in his " Centennial His- tory of Somerset County," p. 135, mentions it as having occurred on the lllh. after a momentary pause he turned to me and said, 'Do, sir, see what has become of the guard.' The woman of the house at this moment en- tered the room and proposed to him to conceal himself in a bed ; which he rejected with evident disgust. I caught up the pistol which lay ou the table, thrust the letter he had been writing in my pocket, and passed into a room at the opposite end of the house, where I had seen the guard in the morning. Here I discovered their arms, hut the men were absent. I stepped out of the door and saw the dragoons chasing them in different directions, and, receiving a very uncivil salutation, I returned into the house. " Too inexperienced immediately to penetrate the motives of this en- terprise, I considered the rencontre accidental, «.nd, from the terriflo tales spread over the couutry of the violence and barbarity of the enemy, I believed it to be a wanton marauding-party, and determined not 'to die without company. I accordingly sought a position where I could not be approached by more than one person at a time, and with a pistol in each hand awaited the expected search, resolved to shoot the first and second pel-son who might appear, and then appeal to the sword. I did not long remain in this unpleasant situation, but was apprised of the incursion by the very audible declaration : ' If the general does not surrender in five minutes, I will set fire to the house,' which after a short pause was re- peated with a solemn oath; and within two minutes I heard it pro- claimed, 'Here is the general; he has surrendered!' A general shout eusued, the trumpet sounded the reassembling of the troop, and the un- fortunate Lee, mounted on my horse, which stood ready at the door, was hurried off in triumph, bare-headed, in his slippers and blanket coat, his collar open, and his shirt very much soiled fiom several days' use." Lee was taken by his captors to Middlebrook (Bound Brook), and thence to New Brunswick, whence he was delivered to Lord Cornwallis, who sent him to Gen. Howe at New York. There he was denied the privileges of a prisoner of war, but was treated as a deserter from the British service and placed in confinement on board the frigate " Centu- rion,'' in the harbor. This charge against him was afterwards abandoned, and he was treated as a pris- oner of war. He was exchanged for the British general Prescott in May, 1778. It is stated that the British colonel, Harcourt, was apprised of the location and unprotected condition of Gen. Lee's headquarters by an elder in the Presbyte- rian Church at Mendham, a Mr. Mucklewraith, who while traveling on foot on private business passed Mrs. White's inn, learned that the general was there with but a small cavalry guard, and, proceeding on his way, soon after met the cavalry of Harcourt, to whom he imparted the information, and who then forced him to accompany the detachment as a guide to the place. That part of the story, however, which has reference to the compulsion used is not fully authenticated, and appears, to say the least, doubtful. But it is certain that Elder Mucklewraith was not the only one who acted as informer and guide to the British horsemen, for on page 126 of the "Minutes of the Council of Safety of New Jersey, 1777," is found this record : " James Compton of Baskingridge, having been apprehended as a dis- afl"ectcd person, was brought before the Board, and upon his examination confessed that he, being frightened from home, went over to Staten Island in May last, & after continuing there about two months returned home ; He also acknowledged to have been at the takeing of Geni Lee, but says the British Light horsemen forced him to go with them for that purpose, threatening to kill him ou refusal. Also James Worth, of the same place with the ff^ Compton, having been apprehended on like suspicion, was brought before the Board, & upon examination, by his own Confes- sion, found guilty of going voluntarily into the Enemies' lines upon Staten Island, and after some considerable stay on the said Island, re- 50 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. turned to thia State ; gives no better reason for this his conduct than the gratifying his curiosity. "BenjamiQ Worth, brought in as the two foregoing, and appearing in the same predicament as the others ; The Board considered their case, & agreed to give Each of the three liberty of Entering on board the ves- sels of War of the United States of America, or take a trial for their lives, agreeably to Law." The charge of the British horsemen on the head- quarters of Lee at White's tavern was made with the sahre only, as they dared not use firearms, fearing to alarm the American troops at Vealtown and on the Pluckamin road. The men of the guard, being sur- prised at a distance from their arms, scattered and fled, hut two of them, who, when overtaken by the troopers, refused to surrender, were killed, and their bodie^s were found to he so horribly gashed and hacked by the British sabres that they could not be removed to the burial-ground, and were therefore interred on the spot where they fell. Gen. Wilkinson, who was with Gen. Lee at the time of the capture, as above noticed, concealed himself in the house until after Harcourt's departure, and then, mounting one of the • horses in the stable, rode with all speed to carry the news of the aifair to Gen. Sullivan ; but, as the cap- turing force were already many miles on its way towards their lines, pursuit was useless. The division, or rather the remnant of what had been a division, was now under command of Gen. Sullivan, as next in rank to Gen. Lee. Its march (which was now continued with more rapidity) was from Vealtown, by way of Pluckamin, to Clinton,* Hunterdon Co., and thence to the Delaware Eiver opposite the mouth of the Lehigh, where it crossed the first-named stream into Pennsylvania. It was marched several miles up the Lehigh, then down through Northampton and Bucks Counties to Wash- ington's army, which it joined on the 21st of Decem- ber. Four regiments of Gen. Gates' troops, who had marched from New York State through the northern part of New Jersey, joined the main army the same day.t Having been reinforced by the forces of Gens. Sul- livan and Gates and by a considerable number of troops from other quarters, Washington immediately prepared to execute the plan which he had for some time had in contemplation,— viz., to recross the Dela- ware by night and march rapidly to Trenton, in the hope of surprising, and possibly of capturing, the force of about fifteen hundred Hessians which then oc- cupied that post in winter quarters. His plan also con- templated simultaneous attacks by other detachments of his army on the several British posts along the * It was recollected by old people many years afterwards that while on this march through Clinton forty of Sullivan's soldiers were furnished with breakfast by Mrs. Hope, wife of Capt. Adam Hope, who was himself a soldier of the Revolution and commanded a company of Hunterdon militia at the battle of Monmouth. t Gordon, in his "History of New Jersey," dates the arrival of both these corps December 20th. Delaware below Trenton ; but that part which had reference to the surprise of Trenton was regarded as of the most importance, and this was to be under the personal supervision of the commander-in-chief. The time fixed on for its execution was the night of the 25th and morning of the 26th of December, because, knowing the convivial habits of the German soldiers- and the universal custom among them of celebrating Christmas with bacchanalian revelry, he believed that in the unheralded visit which he proposed to make in the early morning of the 26th he would find the guards less vigilant than usual, and both officers and soldiers in poor fighting condition, as a result of the previous night's debauch. The plan was an excellent one, and the secrecy with which it was carried out seems re- markable, particularly when it is remembered that the Hunterdon shore of the Delaware at that time was infested by a great number of Tories, all closely watching the movements of the patriots on the other side, and eager to carry in all haste any information they might obtain to the nearest British post. The means for transporting the troops across the Delaware were furnished by the boats which had pre- viously been collected on that river and the Lehigh. Among those collected for the purpose were sixteen Durham! boats and four scows, sent down by Gen. Ewiug to McConkey's Ferry, § which was to be the place of crossing. There, on the evening of the 25th of December, as soon as the early nightfall of winter had settled down upon hill and river, the troops des- tined for the expedition were mustered in silence and inspected by Washington and his generals. The com- mander-in-chief had expected to land his army on the Jersey side with but little delay and to reach Trenton by midnight, but the river was so filled with masses of floating ice, and the weather was so thick by reason of a storm of snow and sleet which had just com- menced, that it hardly seemed practicable to cross at all ; and when it was decided to move forward regard- less of these obstacles, the transportation was found to be so slow and difficult that it was not until nearly four o'clock in the morning that the last of the troops and cannon were landed in safety on the eastern shore. II The expeditionary corps, consisting of two thou- sand four hundred men, with ten pieces of artillery, was marched in a body by way of the " Bear Tav- t So called because this particular kind of boat was first constructed to transport iron on the Delaware from the Durham furnaces to Phila- delphia. They were very large, flat-bottomed, and rounded at bow and stem, instead of being square at the ends like scows. 2 Now known as " Washington's Crossing" on the New Jersey side and Taylorsville on the Pennsylvania side of the river. I " General Washington (who had sat in silence on a beehive wrapped in his cloak while hU troops were crossing), as they were about to march, enjoined upon them aU profound silence during their march to Trenton, and said to them, ■ I hope you will all fight like men.' "— Room's Ui,Uyr'y of TrerUon. Uriah Slack, William Green, and David Lanning were among those who rendered must efficient service in ferrj-ing the troops across the river. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 51 em,''* to Birminglisuu (between foiir suid five miles from T^eJlton^, where it was baited, and the meu took some refresbmentt The force was tbeji divided into two columns, — one, under Gen. Sullivan, taking tlie rivex road, and the other, under Gen. Greene, with G«as. Mercer, Stevens, and Lord Stirling, and accom- panied by the commander-in-chief, moving to and down the Scotch road to its junction with the Pen- nington road, and thence down the latter to Trenton. The columns marched very rapidly and in perfect silence under the direction of a number of guides who were familiar with the routes. Among those who acted as gviides on that march are mentionedj the names of Col. Joseph Phillips, Capt, Philip Phil- lips, and Adjt. Elias Phillips, of M;udenheAd ; Joseph Inslee, Etion Burroughs, Stephen Burroughs, Ephraim Woolsey. and Henry Simmons, of Hopewell ; and Capt, John Mott Amos Seudder. and 'William Green, of Trenton. It was also desired by Gen. ^^"ashington to find twelve men familiar with the country, who would ride in advance of the columns, unarmed and dressed in taxmers' clothes, to gain such intelligence as they might of the position of tlie enemy's outposts, and to prevent any of the numer- ous Tories who infested the vicinity fixtm cjirrying news of the advance into Trenton. For this hazar- dous service only three volunteers could be found, and they were John Guild and John Muirheid of Hopewell, and David Lanning of Trenton. The march of the two columns w;ts so well planned and orvlered that both reached the enemy's outposts at Trenton at almost exactly the same time, Sullivan coming in from the west and Washington and Greene from the north. At a few minutes before eight o"cloci| the Hessian encampments cajne into view, and, at the sight, 'Washington, riding to the head of the troops and pointing with his sword towards Trenton, shouted, " There, soldiers, you see the enemies of your country, and now all I have to ask is that you remember what Tou are about to lisrht for. M.arch!" They moved * "Tbe rv^Ad which 1*.\,-:? from >V,-ConkeT"? Ferrr ^now T;iylor?viU©) runs northeast, and on© and a qnartw miles from the river it civ^svii the rirar ravi si the Bow Tavern, ei^t miles from Trenton; rvvo miles fiur- ther it cl\*!S^ the S,a>ic1i ivwd, son on miles frvm Trenton. Frvm the Be*r T*Tern, on tl»e riTer rwad, to Birmingbam wiv? three and a half niil«6. and fham Bimiin^am to Trenton fimr and a half milee. Faim Birmitt£ham acxv^ss to the S^vt.-h road wheje it beiuis to Uie east is alv>ut one mile ; ftvvm this point to its junction with the Pennington road is twv> and a quarter nulos; and from thence to Ttvnton one mile." — i^iuN'j t **G*n. Washington with liis amv.T halted at the hou.*e of Benjamin UooiT it Binninghani and ate a jaeot of mince-pie and drank a class of cider. His meu al-^^ partv«ok of some refiTeshme:.rs befor* marvhing luto Trenten." — Ihid. :il>id. j Wasliir^ton in his c*cial rep>^rt of the Trenton fight siid, "The upper diTision arrired at the enem^ 's adranced post exactlr at eight o'clock ; and in three minutes after I found fK-«m the fire on the lower raad that that divsaon had abo got up. The out-gnajvls made but a small oppositjon, tl>oi:gb., for their nnmbeis, they behaved very well, keeping up acottstant ivtiwiling^re fKim behind hoi:s<^- We preeentlT s»w th^ main body lorme^i. tut from their motions they seemed unde- termined how to act." forward with great impetuosity, drove in tlie outposts, and in a few minutes had possession of all the British artillery. The brave Col. Eahl, tlie Hessian com- mander, surprised, and not yet recovered from the ell'eots of his Christmas potations, rushed frantically out of his quMters and mounted his horse to form hia men for defense, but he almost immediately received a mortal wonud ;|! and, as further resistance then ap- peared hopeless, the place with its troops i^except such as had escaped aud fled towards Princeton and Bordentowu) and military stores surrendered to the American commander. An account of the Trenton fight (for it could not with propriety- be termed a battle, in view of the slight resistance made by the enemy and the very in- significant loss sustained by the Americans) was soon after published by order of the Continental Congress, having been transmitted to that body by the New Jersey Council of Safety with the expilanation that it was furnished by " an officer of distinction in the army.'' Following is the account referred to: " HkADOrASTEKS, 2f KWTOVn?, BrCKS CotJXTT, " Pecember -7, 1776. •* It wns determined some days ag\i that our arnty should pass over to vTersey at three different places and attack the enemy. Acc\)rdiugly, about two thousand five hundred men and twenty bra^ field-pieces, with His Excellency General Wasliingtou at their head, and Mjyor-Genenil Sullivan and Lreueral Greene in command of two divisions, pa^ed over on the night of Christmas, and al*out three^ o'clock in the morning were on their march by tw-o routes towards Trenton. The night was sleety and cold, aud tli© roads so slipjvry that it was daybreak when we wer» two miles from Trenton. But. happily, the enemy were not apprised of our ilosign, and our advanced ^^arties were on their guard, at half a mile fKan the town, where Gen. Sullivau^s and Gen. Greeners divisions came into the same r.Md. The guard gave our advanced parties several smart fir«s .IS we diove them, but we soon got two field-pieces at play, and several others in a short time, and one of our columns pushing down on the right, while the other advanced on the left, into the town. The enemy, consisting of about one thousand rive hundred Hessians, uuder <\d. Kalil, formed and made some smjirt fires from their musketry and six field-p'.ocos ; but our people preyed fhan every quarter and drove tltem from their cannon. They retired towards a field behind a piece of wovvis, up the creek ftvm Trenton, and fomted in two bodies, which I expected would have brought on a smart action from the troops who had ! formed very near them ; but at that insiaat, as I Ciune in full view of ! tliem iroin tlie l^ack of tire w^xvi. with His Excellency Gen. Washington, an officer informed him that one party had grounded their arms and sur- I rendered prisoners. The ctliors s-vn followed tlloir ejtanrple, except a ' part wlridr had got off, in the Iraiy weather, towards Priucetorr. A party of their hght-hor^^ made off on our lir^t appearance. ) " T^v much pnuse cannot be given to our otficors and men of every ' regiment, who seemed to vie with each other : and by their active ;ind spirited behavior they soon put an honorable issue to tlris glorious day. { " C^olonel Ralil, the Hessian commander, whose headquarters were at the City Tavern, corner of Warren ,ind Bank Streets, opposite Still's .Mley, was mortally w-onnded during the e.arly part of the engagement, being shct from his horse while endeavoring to form his disnrayed and disordered troops. Wlien. sr.-, ix-rted by a file of sergeants, he presented his swor^ to (ren. Washington ^whose conntenance beamed with com- placency at the sn.vi^ss of the day), he was pale and bleeding, and in brvken Accents soenred to implorv those atteritions which the victor was well viisposed to K^tow upon him. He was taken to his headquarter^ where he died."— Sta—'s flWir> o/ IVe»/o«. The shot that killed Rahl was said to have been fired by Ool. Frederick Frelingliuysiin, of Somerset c\mnty. VGen. Washington, however, in his report said: "" But the quantity of ice made that right impeded the passage of the boats so much that it V IS three o'clock helbre the artillery could all be got over, and near fotil before the irooj^ took up their line of marvh." 52 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. I was immediately sent off with the prisoners to McConltey's !Ferry, and have got about seven hundred and fifty safe in town and a few miles from here on this side of the ferry, — viz., one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, four captains, seven lieutenants, and eight ensigns. We left Col. Rabl, the commandant, wounded, on his parole, and several other officers and wounded men, at Trenton. We lost but two of our men that I can hear of, — a few wounded, — and one brave officer, Capt. Washington, who as- sisted in securing their artillery, wounded in both hands."* From a narrative detailing events of the Trenton fight, and published in 1781 in the Pennsylvania Journal, the following is extracted : " About eight o'clock in the morning an attack was made on the picket-tiuard of the enemy. At half-past eight o'clock the town was nearly surrounded, and all the avenues to it were seized except the one left for Gen. Ewingf to occupy. An accident here liked to have deprived the American army of the object of their enterprise. The commanding officer of one of the divisions sent word to Gen. Washington, just before they reached the town, that his ammunition had been wet by a shower of rain that had fallen that morning, and desired to know what he nmst do.J Washington sent him word to ' advance with fixed bayonets.' This laconic answer inspired the division with the firmness and courage of their leader, " The whole body now moved forward in sight of the enemy. An awful silence reigued in every platoon. Each soldier stepped as if he carried the liberty of his country upon his single musket. The moment was a critical one. The attack was begun with artillery, under com- mand of Col. Knox. The infantry supported the artillery with firmness. The enemy were thrown intoiconfusion at every quarter. One regiment attempted to form in an orchard, but was soon forced to fall back upon the main body. A company of them entered a stone house, which they defended with a field-piece judiciously posted in the entry. Capt. AVash- ington advanced to dislodge them with a field-piece, but, finding his men exposed to a close and steady fire, he suddenly leaped from them, rushed into the house, seized the ofiicer who had command of the gun, and claimed him as a prisoner. His men followed him, and the whole com- pany were made prisoners. The captain received a ball in his hand in entering the house In the meanwhile, victory declared itself every- where ill favor of the American arms." The captures made by the Americans at Trenton comprised six brass field-pieces, one thousand stand of arms, four colors, and nine hundred and nine pris- oners, of which latter twenty-three were commissioned officers. In reference to the losses in action of the British and American forces respectively. Gen. Wash- ington said in his report, — " I do not know exactly how many they had killed, but I fancy not above twenty or thirty, as they never made any regular stand. '* Our loss is very trifling indeed, — only two officers and one or two privates wounded." Lossing, in his " Field-Book of the Eevolution," says (p. 229), "The victory of the Americans at Trenton was complete. They lost in the engagement * This officer was Capt. William A. Washington. He was afterwards a colonel of cavalry, and as such performed distinguished services in the Carolina campaigns against Cornwallis and Lord Kawdon. Another American officer wounded at Trenton— though not mentioned in the above account— was Lieut. James Monroe, afterwards President of the United States. t Gen. Ewing had been ordered to cross his troops from the Pennsyl- vania side nearly opposite Trenton and attack from the south, in conjunc- tion with the movement of Greene and Sullivan from the north and west. The great quantities of ice running in the Delaware prevented him from crossing as ordered. The same obstacle prevented Cadwallader from crossing at Bristol as expected. {The dispatch, was from Gen. Sullivan. Raum, in his "History of Trenton," mentions that the soldiers of Sullivan's division found their priming wet, and proceeds : " Capt. Mott, notwithstanding he had taken the precaution to wrap his handkerchief around the lock of his gun, found the priming was wet. 'Well,' said General Sullivan, 'we must fight them with the bayonet.' " only two privates killed, and two others who were frozen to death."? This statement, that men of the American army were frozen to death in the expedi- tion to Trenton, has several times been made by other writers, but it cannot be regarded otherwise than as of doubtful authenticity, for these reasons : First, that the account of the expedition above quoted from the Pennsylvania Journal mentions that "the com- manding ofiicer of one of the divisions sent word to Gen. Washington, just before they reached the town, that his ammunition had been wet by a shower of rain that had fallen that morning ;" and second, because in the narrative already given, as published by order of Congress and written by " an officer of distinction in the army" who was an eye-witness to the scenes en- acted at Trenton on that occasion, allusion is made to " a part [of the Hessian force] which had got oif, in the hazy weather, towards Princeton." The account first noticed was written and published witliin five years of the time of the Trenton fight, when all the particulars were fresh in the minds of those who took part in the expedition, and it is therefore but reason- able to suppose that no such mistake could have been made as that of mentioning a shower of rain falling on a morning sufficiently cold to freeze men to death. The passage quoted from the account authorized by Congress sustains the other, and seems to prove that on the morning of the 26th of December, 1776, the weather at Trenton, though doubtless damp and chil- ling, was not of such stinging Arctic cold as has fre- quently been stated. The plan of Washington in recrossing the Delaware had contemplated the probability that, in the event of success at Trenton, he might be able to maintain his position in New Jersey ; but, on account of the inability of Ewing and Cadwallader to cross the river, as was expected, there were still left at Bordentown, Mount Holly, and other points below Trenton and within striking distance several British detachments which were collectively far stronger than the Ameri- can force which could be mustered to hold them at hay. Under these circumstances, Washington thought it his only prudent course to return with his army to the west side of the river ; and this he did without delay, remaining in Trenton only a few hours to allow his men sufficient time for rest and refreshment. In the afternoon of the 26th the columns were again put in motion and marched back by the route over which they had come in the morning, and, recrossing at McConkey's Ferry with their prisoners and captured material, were all safely quartered before midnight in the camp which they had left in the evening of the preceding day. But, though he had found it expedient to retire to his strong position on the Pennsylvania shore after § Gordon, in his "History of New Jersey," p. 227, makes the same statement. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 53 the victory at Trenton, Washington had by no means abandoned his plan of repossessing West Jersey, and he at once commenced preparations for a second expedition to that end. On the 29th of December — only three days after the Trenton exploit — he wrote from his headquarters at Newtown, Pa., to Congress, saying,— " I am jnst setting out to attempt a second pSssage over the Delaware with the troops that were with me on the morning of the 26th. Gen. Cad- wallader crossed oyer on the 27th, and is at Bordentown with about one thousand eight hundred men. Gen. Mifflin will be to-day at Borden- town with about one thousand six hundred more. ... In view of the measures proposed to be pursued, I think a fair opportunity is offered of driving the enemy entirely from Jersey, or at least to the extremity of the province." In anticipation of the projectedresumption of opera- tions in New Jersey, orders had been sent to Gen. Heath, who was still at Peekskill-on-the-Hudson, to leave only a small detachment of his troops at that place, and to move at once with his main body, cross into New Jersey, and march towards the British cantonment, to divert their attention, but without intending an at- tack. Gen. William Maxwell, who in the retreat through this State had been left at Morristown with a considerable force (in which was included a large proportion of the soldiers of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties), was ordered to advance his troops towards New Brunswick as if threatening an attack and harass all the contiguous posts of the enemy as much as pos- sible ; and finally. Gens. Cadwallader and Mifflin, at Bordentown and Crosswicks, were directed to hold their forces (then amounting to more than three thou- sand five hundred men) in constant readiness to rein- force the main body under Washington when it should make its appearance at Trenton. These dispositions having been made, and all preparations completed, Washington moved his army across the Delaware into New Jersey on the 30th of December and marched to Trenton. At this point he was under serious embar- rassment, for the terms of service of a large part of the Eastern militia expired on the 1st of January, and it was very doubtful whether they could be persuaded to remain. The arguments of the commander-in- chief, however, were successful in prevailing on them to continue for an additional term of six weeks, in view of the brightening prospects of the American cause and the promise of a bounty of ten dollars per man. There was no money in the military chest to pay these promised bounties, but Washington at once sent a messenger to Robert Morris, at Philadelphia, asking him to supply the means if possible ; and that patriotic financier promptly responded by sending fifty thousand dollars in cash, borrowed from a rich Quaker on Morris' individual note and the pledge of his honor to repay it. At the time of the Hessian disaster at Trenton the British forces in New Jersey were under command of Gen. Grant, whose headquarters were at New Bruns- wick. Lord Cornwallis was at New York, making preparations to sail for England, in the belief that the rebellion was virtually crushed and the war nearly over. Upon receipt of the amazing news from Tren- ton he at once relinquished his voyage, returned to New Jersey, and put his troops dn motion towards Trenton. The British post at Bordentown, previously held by a strong force under Count Donop, had been abandoned on the 27th of December, and the troops which had been stationed there retreated to Princeton, where they joined the force of Gen. Leslie and threw up defensive earthworks. When Cornwallis ad- vanced fi-om New Brunswick, the force at Princeton, excepting three regiments under Col. Mawhood, joined the main column, which moved towards Trenton and arrived there at about four o'clock in the afternoon of Thursday, the 2d of January, 1777. The two hostile armies which then and there con- fronted each other were each about five thousand strong, but one-half the force of Washington* was- made up of undisciplined militia, while that of his adversary included many of the finest troops of the British army. Before the advance of Cornwallis, Washington's forces retired across the bridge to the south side of Assanpink Creek, where it was soon afterwards joined by General Greene's division, which had been sent out to reconnoitre and skirmish with the enemy, hoping to so delay his movements that no engagement would be brought on until morning. But the British regulars promptly drove Greene's detach- ment into Trenton and across the Assanpink, and then with very little delay moved in two columns, one down Green Street towards the bridge, and the other down Main Street towards the point where the lower bridge now stands, intending to force a passage over the bridge and across the ford ; but they were repulsed by the vigorous fire of Washington's artil- lery, which, being posted on the high southern bank of the stream, was so effective that the assailants failed to cross, and were compelled to retire, but with what loss is not known.f After the failure of this attempt of the British to cross, the Americans kept up their artillery-fire till dark, and the British withdrew to the higher ground in the outskirts of the town, along the Princeton road, where Cornwallis established his * Cadwallafler and MifHin, with their forces from Bordentown, had joined Wasliington on the night of the Ist of January. f The " battle of Assanpink" has frequently been described as a fearful conflict, in which the stream was filled with the bodies of slain British soldiers. That this is a gross exaggeration, and that there was really no- battle at all (but merely a brisk cannonade from the American artillery on the south bank, preventing the enemy from crossing the stream), is pretty clearly shown by an authority as high as Gen. Washington him- self, in the report which he made to CongresB, dated Pluckamin, Jan. 5, . 1777, in which, referring to this affair, he says, "On the 2d, according to my expectations, the enemy began to advance upon us ; and after soma skirmishing the head of their column reached Trenton about four o'clock, whilst their rear was as far back as Maidenhead. They attempted to pass Sanpink Creek, which runs through Trenton, but, finding the fords guarded, halted and kindled their fires. We were drawn up on the other side of the creek. lu this situation we remained until dark, command- ing the enemy and receiving the fire of their field-pieces, which did ua but little damage." This is all the mention mode by the commander-in- chief in his official report, of the so-called " battle of Assanpink." 54 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. headquarters and directed dispositions to be made for a renewal of the battle in the morning, when, he said, he would " catch that old fox," Washington, whom he imagined he had now so securely entrapped beyond the Assanpink. But his boast failed most signally of execution. The situation of Washington was now perilous in the extreme, for nothing could be more certain than that Cornwallis would renew the battle in the morning, and it was almost equally certain that in such an event the victory would be with the disci- plined soldiers of Britain. If such should be the result, ths American army could hardly escape the alterna- tive of surrender or annihilation, for a retreat across the Delaware in presence of such an enemy would be impossible. Immediately after dark a council of war was called, at which were assembled the commander- in-chief and Generals Greene, Sullivan, Knox, Mer- cer, St. Clair, Dickinson, Stevens, Cadwallader, Mif- flin, Stark, Wilkinson, and others. Some of the more impetuous officers advised a stand for a battle in their present position ; others favored a retreat down the left bank of the Delaware and a crossing of the river at Philadelphia under protection of the guns of Gen. Putnam ; but the plan which was adopted was that of a rapid night-movement around the enemy's flank to his rear, and a sudden attack on the British force at Princeton, which consisted of only three regiments of cavalry and three squadrons of dragoons. The execution of this plan was singularly favored by Providence, for, even while the council of war was engaged in its deliberations, the weather, which had been warm during the day, turned suddenly cold ; so that in a few hours the muddy roads were frozen suf- ficiently hard to bear up the artillery and greatly to facilitate the marching of the troops. The movement to Princeton being decided on, its immediate execution was ordered. The camp-fires of the American army along the shore of the Assanpink were kept brightly burning, and were replenished with fresh fuel about midnight ; and soon afterwards, leaving the sentinels on their posts, to delude the enemy, the forces were all put in motion, and marched rapidly but silently away in the darkness, with Elias Phillips, Ezekiel Anderson, and Patrick Lamb as guides. The baggage-train of the army was sent away quietly on the road to Burlington. The route taken led, by way of Sandtown, across Miry Eun, and, farther up, across the Assanpink, around the left flank of the British army ; then, veering to the left, along the " Quaker road" to and across Stony Brook, where the main column left the highway and took a by-road passing through lowlands directly to Princeton ; while Gen. Mercer, with about three hundred and fifty men and two pieces of artillery under Capt. Neal, con- tinued along the Quaker road, with orders to proceed to Worth's Mill and take possession of the bridge by which the old road from Princeton to Trenton crossed Stony Brook. The march of the American forces had been slow during the two or three hours immediately following their departure from their camp on the Assanpink, be- cause on that part of their route they had been com- pelled (in order to avoid the outposts of the enemy's left flank) to traverse a new road, from which the logs and stumps had not been cleared. But the last part of their march ha(| been made very rapidly over the hard-frozen highway ; so that when the sun rose they were already nearing Princeton. And never was a sunrise more auspicious than that which sent its rosy rays through the frosty air on the morning of the 3d of January, 1777. To Cornwallis at Trenton* it re- vealed the mortifying fact that the " fox" had escaped from his trap, and the unpleasant truth was soon after emphasized by the dull sound of distant artillery coming from the northward. To the eyes of Wash- ington and his officers that sunrise was welcome, for it showed them the position of the foes they had come to seek ; and it lighted them on their way to one of the most important victories achieved in the war for independence. The British troops in Princeton were a body of cav- alry and the Seventeenth, Fortieth, and Fifty-fifth Infantry Eegiments of the line, all under command of Lieut.-Ool. Mawhood. He had during the night re- ceived orders to march at daylight with the greater part of his command for Trenton, to give his assistance in the battle which Cornwallis intended to open along the shores of the Assanpink on the morning of the 3d, and in obedience to that order he had put the Seventeenth and Fifty-fifth Eegiments, with a part of the cavalry, in motion, and, accompanying them in person, moved out on the old Trenton road. The commanding officer, with the Seventeenth Eegiment and nearly all his cavalry, was fully a mile in ad- vance of the rear division of the column, and had already crossed the Stony Brook bridge at Worth's Mill when he discovered Mercer's force moving rapidly along the apposite bank of the stream towards the mill. Upon this he promptly countermarched his men, moved them on the double-quick back to the bridge, recrossed it, and hastened on to secure a com- manding position on high ground to the right of the road. Gen. Mercer, as his detachment emerged from a piece of woods near the Quaker meeting-house, dis- covered the British, and, divining their object, double- quicked his troops towards the same eminence, deter- mined to occupy it in advance of the enemy if pos- sible. Having reached the house and orchard of * "Groat was his [Oornwallis'] astonisliment and alarm at dawn to find the patriot camp-firea Btill burning, but not a man, nor hoof, nor tent, uor cannon there. All was silent and dreary on the south side of the Assanpink, and no man of the British army knew whither the Ameri- cans had fled until the din of battle in the direction of Princeton came faintly upon the keen morning air at sunrise. Cornwallis heard the booming of cannon, and, although mid-winter, he thought it was the rumbling of distant thunder. The quick car of Ersklne decided other- wise, and he exclaimed, ' To anns, general 1 Washington has orUgeneraUd us I Let us fly to Princeton I' "—Loaaing, vol. ii, p. 234. HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 55 William Clarke, he perceived the enemy's line ad- varicing up the opposite slope. The Americans pushed on to the slight cover of a rail-fence vs'hich was hetween the opposing forces, and there they de- livered their volley with precision and deadly effect, firing afterwards at will. The British promptly re- turned the fire and charged with the bayonet. Mer- cer's riflemen had no bayonets or their pieces, and, being unable to withstand the furious onset of the British, fled in precipitation and disorder, abandon- ing their two field-pieces and closely pursued by Maw- hood's grenadiers; but when they reached the east brow of the slope near Clarke's house, they were met by the Continentals and militia under "Washington, who had left the by-road on which he was marching, at a point near the Olden farm, and hurried up to the support of Mercer. The fugitive Americans were here rallied and reformed on a new line, and a section of one of Washington's batteries, commanded by Capt. William Moulder, poured a storm of canister into the faces of the pursuers. At this point, Mawhood, discovering for the first time the presence of Washington and his force, ceased the pursuit, brought up his artillery-pieces, and opened on Moulder's section, which he immediately afterwards charged in a desperate but unsuccessful attempt to capture the guns. The scene of the con- flict at this moment, when the lines of the opposing forces confronted each other and the men of each awaited the command to fire, is thus described by Bancroft : " Gen. Washington, from hig deeire to animate his troops by example, rode into the vei-y front of danger, and when within less than thirty yards of the Britisli he reined his horse with its head towards tliem as both parties were about to fire, seeming to tell his faltering forces that they must stand firm or leave him to confront the enemy alone. The two Bides gaye a volley at the same moment, when, as the smoke cleared Away, it was thought a miracle that Washington was untouched.* By • In Custis' " KecoUections of the Life and Character of Wsahington," this part of the battle of Princeton, and the incident of the commander- in-chief spurring his horse to the front, between the hostile lines, are mentioned thus: " The aide-de-camp [Col. Fitzgerald] had been ordered to bring up tbe troops from the rear of the column when the band under Gen. Mercer became engaged. Upon returning to the spot where he had left the commander-in-chief, he was no longer there, and upon looking around the aide discovered him endeavoring to rally the line, which had been thrown into disorder by a rapid onset of the foe. Washington, after several ineffectual efforts to restore the fortunes of the fight, is seen to rein up his horse with his head to the enemy, and in that position to remain immovable. It was a last appeal to his soldiers, and seemed to say, 'Will you give up your general to the foe?' Such an appeal was not made in vain. The discomfited Americans rally on the instant and form into line. The enemy halt and dress their line. The American chief is between the adverse posts, as though he had been placed there a target for both. The arms of both are leveled. Can escape from death be possible? Fitzgerald, horror-struck at the death -of his beloved com- mander, dropped the reins upon his horse's neck, and drew his hat over his face that he might not see him die. A roar of musketry succeeds, and then a shout I It was the shout of victory. The aide-de-camp ven- tures to raise hU eyes. Oh, glorious sight I The enemy are broken and flying, while dimly amid the glimpses of the smoke is seen the chief, alive, unharmed, and without a wound, waving his hat and cheering his comrades to the pursuit. Col. Fitzgerald, celebrated as one of the finest horsemen in the American army, now dashed the rowels in his charger's flanks, and, heedless of the dead and dying in his way, flew to the side cf the chief, exclaiming, ' Thank God Tour Excellency is safe I' while this time, Hitchcock, for whom a raging hectic made this day nearly his last, came up with his brigade, and Hand's riflemen began to turn the left of the English. These, after repeated exertions of the greatest cour- age and discipline, retreated before they were wholly surrounded, and fled over the fields and fences up Stony Brook. The action, from the first conflict with Mercer, did not last more than twenty minutes. Washing- ton, on the battle-ground, took Hitchcock by the hand, and before his army thanked him for his semces." Col. Mawhood, with the Seventeenth British Regi- ment and his cavalry, fled from the battle-field to the same road over which they had marched in the morn- ing, and, crossing the Stony Brook bridge at Worth's Mill, moved rapidly on towards Maidenhead, where they knew Gen. Leslie had passed the night with Jiis division, the rear-guard of Cornwallis' army. Leslie, however, hearing the cannonade in the direction of Princeton, was already on the march towards Stony Brook, and in his advance met the routed troops of Mawhood, which latter had been pursued only a short distance by the Americans, because Washing- ton knew of the proximity of Gen. Leslie in the direc- tion in which they retreated. Mawhood's artillery- pieces were left on the field, and fell into the hands of the Americans ; but, as they could not take them away for want of horses, they afterwards returned to the possession of the enemy. At the close of the action near Clarke's house Gen. Washington sent a detachment, under Maj. Kelley, of the Pennsylvania militia, to destroy the bridge over Stony Brook, for the purpose of delaying the advance of Gen. Leslie with the reserve division of Cornwallis ; but before they had accomplished the work the enemy came in sight on Millett's Hill and opened a fire on the working-party from their artillery, which finally drove them from the bridge, though not until it had been rendered impassable for the British artillery and trains. The commanding officer of the detachment, Maj. Kelley, was knocked off the bridge into the stream, but, succeeding in crawling out, was making his way towards Princeton, when he fell into the hands of the enemy. The British commander, Corn- wallis, on coming up to the bridge, found it impassable for his column ; but so great was his anxiety for the safety of his magazines of supply at New Brunswick (which he fully believed to be Washington's destina- tion) that, bitterly cold as it was, he ordered his troops to ford the stream, which they did, and then, with their clothing frozen stiff, pushed on as fast as they were able in pursuit of the Americans. In the battle with Mawhood the left wing of his force, the Fifty-fifth Regiment, was cut off from the right, and was driven into the town, where it took a position in a ravine near the college. There it was attacked by the New England regiments of Stark, Poor, Patterson, and Reed, and after a desperate re- the favorite aide, a gallant and warm-hearted sou of Erin, a man of thews and sinews, and albeit unused to the melting mood, gave loose to his feelings and wept like a child for joy. Washington, ever calm amid scenes of the greatest excitement, affectionately grasped the hand of his aide and friend, and then ordered, ' Away, my dear colonel, and bring up the troops; the day is our own.' " 56 HUNTERDON AND SOiMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. sistance was utterl)' routed and sent flying in disorder along the road towards Kingston. A part of the Fortieth Regiment (which had been left in Princeton when Mawhood marched out in the morning, and which consequently participated very little in the day's fighting) joined in the retreat and swelled the throng of fugitives. A detachment of the American force pursued them, but they soon left the main road, and, striking off to the left, fled in a northerly direc- tion along the by-ways and through the fields and woods of Somerset County.^ As to the route of their flight, different accounts have been given. The Hon. Ralph Voorhees, in one of a series of historical papers recently published, said, — " The Fortieth and Fift3'-fifth retreated hastily to Kingston, and from thence pureued a route that brought them to Middlebush, where they en- camped for a week in a field a few yards west of where the present church stands, and a little to the east of the field where Gen. De Heister laid with his division in June of the same year." In another account,! published some ten years since, it is stated that, "while Washington took the main road towards New Brunswick, these [the fugi- tives of the Fortieth and Fifty-fifth Regiments], frightened and flying, made towards the heights southwest of Rocky Hill, crossed Beden's Brook, and rushed on till they crowded on the little point formed by the junction of that brook with the Millstone River, just in front of what is now known as the old Van- derveer homestead. Abraham Vanderveer, now [1870] living at Rocky Hill, says that when the family saw them coming they were on a run. When they came into the forks they halted, finding the ice broken. They then procured rails, laid them on the ice, and passed over. The Vanderveers had a large pot of mush, just taken from the fire, intended for breakfast. The British on coming up said they had had nothing but hot bullets for breakfast, and, hastily scooping the mush out with their hands, pursued their march. These accounts doubtless have reference to different parties^ of the retreating British, as it is not to be supposed that they tept together in one body during the panic of their headlong flight. In the college buildings at Princeton there remained a part of the Fortieth Regiment, which had occupied it as barracks. Washington, supposing that these men would stand and defend their position, ordered up a section of artillery, which opened on the build- ings. The first shot fired passed into the Prayer- Hall and through the head of a portrait of His * Washington had no cavalry with him, and of course the pursuit of a terrified crowd of fugitives by infantry was fruitless. Many of them, however, were captured, and the pureuing-parties kept up the chase so long that they had not all rejoined the main body two days later. f From the pen of Jacob Magill, of the Newark Journal. X Washington, in reporting to CongTess under date of Pluckamin, Jan. 6, 1777, mentions that some of the British prisoners taken in the pursuit after the battle at Princeton were taken across the Delaware River; and also that at that time — two days after the battle — the pursuing-parties had not all returned to the main army. These facts would seem to indi- cate that some of the British fugitives fled towards the southwest and entered Hunterdon County. Majesty George II. which hung on the wall. But lit- tle show of resistance was made by the British within the buildings, and finally James Moore, of Prince- ton, a captain of militia, with the assistance of a few others as bold as himself, burst open a door of Nassau Hall and demanded a surrender of the forces within. The demand was at once complied with, and the en- tire body, including a number of sick, gave themselves up as prisoners of war. This was the last of the British forces in Princeton, and Washington, having now entirely cleared the town of his enemies, imme- diately evacuated the place, and wdth his army moved rapidly away towards the northeast on the New Bruns- wick road. The advance division of Cornwallis, which had hur- ried up from Maidenhead towards the scene of action and dashed through the icy waters of Stony Brook, as before mentioned, moved forward in the greatest haste from that point to Princeton. Guarding the south- western approach to the town was a bastioned earth- work which had been thrown up a week or two earlier by their own forces, and upon its rampart a thirty-two-pounder gun had been mounted by Count Donop. Now, as the head of Leslie's division came on at a quick-step, it was greeted by a thundering re- port from the great gun, which had been fired by two or three American soldiers who still lingered near it. The rush of the ponderous shot above the heads of the British caused the advancing column to halt, and the commander, who now believed that Washington had determined to defend the place, sent out parties of cavalry to reconnoitre, the infantry in the mean time advancing slowly and with great caution preparatory to an assault of the work. By these movements Corn- wallis lost one precious hour, and when his men at last moved up to the fortification they found it en- tirely deserted,, and soon after the cavalry-parties re- ported that there was not a rebel soldier in Princeton. Upon this the British general, chagrined at the de- lay resulting from his useless caution, ordered his columns to move on with all speed on the New Bruns- wick road. Arriving at Kingston, three miles from Princeton, he found that the Americans had broken down the bridge at that place ; but this was soon re- paired, and the army, having crossed the stream, was again hurried on in the hope of overtaking the Amer- icans in time to prevent the destruction of the military stores at New Brunswick. Cornwallis arrived at that place during the succeeding night, and was rejoiced to find his stores untouched ; but he found no American army, for " the fox" had again eluded him, and was at that time safe among the hills of Somerset. Washington, on leaving Princeton, moved his force with the greatest possible speed to Kingston, crossing the Millstone River and destroying the bridge behind him. Having proceeded thus far he was not a little perplexed in deciding on his subsequent movements. The heavy column of Cornwallis was following so HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN TilE REVOLUTION. 57 closely in his rear that it was only at great peril that he could pursue his original plan* of marching to New Brunswick. The destruction of the British magazines and stores at that place would have been a most glorious ending of the winter campaign, and would, beyond doubt, have driven the last vestige of British military power out of New Jersey ; but, on the other hand, a collision with the superior forces of Cornwallis — which it seemed hardly possible to avoid if the march to New Brunswick was continued — could hardly result otherwise than in defeat, and not improbably in the rout and destruction of the Amer- ican army. At this juncture the commander-in-chief adopted his usual course, — called a council of war, which was held by himself and his generals in the saddle, and, although " some gentlemen advised that he should file off to the southward,"! the council re- sulted in the decision to abandon the original plan, strike off from the New Brunswick road, and march the army by way of the Millstone valley, and thence across the Earitan, to the hilly country in the north- west. The plan adopted by the council of war was at once put into execution. The army filed off from the main highway,! and, turning sharply to the left, marched over a narrow and unfrequented road to Rocky Hill, where it recrossed the Millstone Eiver and moved on, as rapidly as was practicable in the exhausted condi- tion of the men, to Millstone. " The guides were di- rected to take the road leading to the northward through Hillsborough, but before they reached Som- erset Court-house many of the infantry, worn out with fatigue, fasting, and want of rest, lay down and fell asleep by the way. "J That night (January 3d) * "My original plan," said Wafihington in hie letter to Congress dated Fluckamin, January 5th, " was to have pushed on to Brunewic ; but the harassed state of our troops {many of them having had no rest for two nights and a day;, and the danger of losing the advantage we had gained, by aiming at too much, induced me, by the advice of my oflB- cers, to relinquish the attempt; but, in my judgment, six or eight hun- dred fresh troops, on a forced march, would have destroyed all their stores and magazines, taken (as we have since learned) their military chest containing seventy thousand pounds, and put an end to the war. The enemy, from the best intelligence I have been able to get, were so much alarmed at the apprehension of this that they marched immedi- ately to Brnnswic without halting, except at the bridges (for I also took up those on Millstone on the different routes to Brunswic), and got there before day." f Marshall. 1 The French Marquis de Castellux, who visited this region in 1781, made the following mention of the locality, and of Washington's march down the Millstone after Princeton : " It was here [Kingston] that Gen. Washington halted after the affair at Prince Town. After marching from midnight until two o'clock in the afternoon, almost continually fighting, he wished to collect the troops and give them some rest ; he knew, however, that Lord Cornwallis was following him on the Maiden- head road, but he contented himself with taking up some planks of the bridge, and as soon as he saw the vanguard of the English appear he con- tinued his march quietly towards Middlebrook." This account, however, is not strictly correct. 2 "It was on this march, or possibly on a similar one in December of the same year, as the Army of Liberty passed the parsonage [at Mill- stone], half clothed, unshod, and in want of food, that the patriotic Foer- ing, collecting all the stores of his house (it being, moreover, just after baking-time), and cutting the food into convenient portions, distributed 6 the headquarters of the commander-in-chief were made at the Van Doren house, half a mile south of the old Millstone church, and the weary soldiers of the army bivouacked in the neighboring woods and fields. In the darkness of that winter night a small body of Washington's militia, under command of that noted trooper Capt. John Stryker, of Millstone, performed quite a brilliant exploit in capturing a part of Corn- wallis' baggage-train on the New Brunswick road. The British general, terrified at the prospect of losing his stores at New Brunswick, thinking that Washing- ton was still in his front and moving on that post, had pressed on from Kingston in such headlong haste as to break down a number of his wagons ; and these, being disabled, were turned out of the road and left, with a few others, in charge of a quartermaster and guarded by a detachment of soldiers. The American militiamen referred to, having learned of the situation of these wagons, resolved to capture them, and boldly proceeded to put their plan into execution, though their party numbered not more than twenty men, while the British detachment guarding the disabled train was of more than ten times their own strength. Cautiously approaching the spot in the thick dark- ness, they ranged themselves among the trees in a semi-circle, partially surrounding the bivouac of the British wagon-guard, and at a preconcerted signal set up a loud shout and poured in a volley upon the astonished soldiers, who, believing themselves to be encircled by an attacking force superior in numbers to their own, fled in a panic towards New Brunswick, escaping with a few wagons which happened to have their teams attached, but leaving the greater number in the hands of the Americans, who were jubilant at the success of their project, and still more so when it was found that the Wagons were principally laden with the article which their army especially needed, — woolen clothing. The captors with their prize moved up as rapidly as possible on through Somerset County, crossed the Millstone at Somerset Court-house, and overtook the main body a day or two later. In the morning of the 4th of January, Washington, with his army and prisoners, left their encampment of the previous night, and, continuing the march northward, crossed the Earitan River at Van Vegh- ten's Bridge. Passing up by the site of the present village of Somerville, he encamped the same evening at Pluckamin, where a halt of two days was made for the rest and refreshment of the army. While at this encampment the commander-in-chief wrote to the president of the Continental Congress narrating the events of the campaign which had then just closed. This letter, as being an official, and of course an au- them, as far as they would go, to the weary and hungry soldiers as they hurried on their way. On one of these occasions, as the army passed, they encamped for the night in the field directly south of the present parsonage, Washington himself sleeping in the northwest corner of the parlor of the present homestead of John Van Doren." — Rev. E. T. Corusin^ DM. 58 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. thentic, account of the aflfair at Assanpink and the hattle of Princeton, and a statement of the losses and captures at the latter place, is given below, — viz. . " Pltjckamin, January 5, 1777. " Sir, I have the honor to inform you that since the date of my last from Trenton I have removed with the army under my command to this place. The diificulty of crossing the Delaware, on account of the ice, made our passage over it tedious, and gave the enemy an opportunity of drawing in their several cantonments and assembling their whole force at Princeton. Their large picquets advanced towards Trenton, their great preparations, and some intelligence I had received, added to their knowledge that the 1st of January brought on a dissolution of the best part of our army, gave me the strongest reasons to conclude that an at- tack upon us was meditating. " Our situation was most critical, and our force small. To remove im- mediately was again destroying every dawn of hope which had begun to revive in the breasts of the Jersey militia, and to bring those troops which had first crossed the Delaware, and were lying at Crosswix's under Gen. Cadwallader, and those under Gen. Mifflin at Bordentown (amounts ing in the whole to about three thousand six hundred), to Trenton, was to bring them to an exposed place. One or the other, however, was un- avoidable ; the latter was preferred, and they were ordered to join us at Trenton, which they did, by a nigbt-march, on the 1st instant. [Here fol- lows an account of the so-called " battle of Assanpink," before quoted.] " Having by this time [that is, on the evening of January 2d, after the British had made the attempt to cross the bridge and ford of the Assan- pink] discovered that the enemy was greatly superior in number, and that their design was to surround us, I ordered all our baggage to be silently removed to Burlington soon after dark; and at twelve o'clock, after renewing our fires and leaving guards at the bridge in Trenton and other passes on the same stream above, marched by a round-about road to Princeton, where I knew they could not have much force left, and might have stores. One thing I was certain of, — that it would avoid the appearance of a retreat (which it was, of course, or to run the hazard of the whole army being cut off) ; whilst we might, by a fortunate stroke, withdraw Gen. Howe from Trenton and give some reputation to our arms. Happily we succeeded. We found Princeton about sunrise with only three regiments and three troops of light-horse in it, two of which were on their march to Trenton. These three regiments, especially the two first, made a gallant resistance, and in killed, wounded, and prisoners must have lost five hundred men ; upwards of one hundred of them were left dead on the field; and with what I have with me, and what were taken in pursuit and carried across the Delaware, there are near three hundred prisoners,* fourteen of whom are officers, all British. " This piece of good fortune is counterbalanced by the loss of the brave and worthy General Mercer, Cols. Hazlet. and Potter, Capt. Neal of the artiller}', Capt. Fleming, who commanded the First Virginia Regiment, and four or five other valuable officers, who, with about twenty-five or thirty privates, were slain on the field. Our whole loss cannot be ascer- tained, as many who are in pursuit of the enemy (who were chased three or four miles) are not yet come in. " The rear of the enemy's army, lying at Maidenhead, not more than five or six miles from Princeton, was up with us before our pursuit was over ; but, as I had the precaution to destroy the bridge over Stony Brook (about half ahiile from the field of action), they were so long retarded there as to give us time to move off in good order for this place. We took two brass field-pieces, but for want of horses could not bring them away. We also took some blankets, shoes, and a few other trifling articles, bnrned the hay, and destroyed such other things as the short- ness of the time would admit of. [Here follows a paragraph which has before been given,— viz., an explanation that his original plan had been to proceed to and attack the post of New Brunswick for the purpose of destroying the British stores deposited there.] "From the best information I have received. Gen. Howe has left no men either at Trenton or Princeton. The trnth of this I am endeavor- ing to ascertain, that I may regulate my movements accordingly. The militia are taking spirits, and, I am told, are coming in fast from this State ; but I fear those from Philadelphia wiU scarcely submit to the hardships of a winter campaign much longer, especially as they very unluckily sent their blankets with their baggage to Burlington. I must * The number of prisoners taken by the Americans in the conflicts of the 3d of January in and about Princeton was two hundred aud thirty. The entire loss of the Americans on that day did not exceed thirty, kiUed and wounded. do them the justice, however, to add that they have undergone more fatigue and hardship than I expected militia, especially citizens, would have done in this inclement season. I am just moving towards Morris- town, where I shall endeavor to put them under the best cover I can; hitherto we have been without any, and many of our poor soldiers bare- foot, and ill-clad in other respects. " I have the honor to he, etc., " G. W." Gen. Hugh Mercer, whose death is mentioned in the letter of Washington, was the commanding officer of the American detachment which first joined battle with the British troops under Mawhood on the morn- ing of the 3d of January near Princeton, and it was in that first short but disastrous conflict that he re- ceived his mortal wounds. In the volley which the British Seventeenth Regiment poured into the Amer- ican line when it held the position along the rail-fence on the height west of Clarke's house on that memor- able morning, a ball, striking Mercer's horse in the fore leg, disabled him and compelled the general to dis- mount ; and in the hurried retreat which immediately followed through the orchard, while he was in the very midst of the fight, trying to rally his flying troops, he was felled to the earth by a blow from a British musket. " The British soldiers were not at first aware of the general's rank. So soon as they discovered he was a general ofiBcer they shouted that they had got the rebel general, and cried, ' Call for quarter, you d — d rebel I' Mercer to the most undaunted courage united a quick and ardent temperament ; he replied with in- "" dignation to his enemies, while their bayonets were at his bosom, that he deserved not the name of rebel, and, determining to die, as he had lived, a true and honored soldier of liberty, lunged with his sword at the nearest man. They then bayoneted him and left him for dead."t It was afterwards ascertained that he had received sixteen bayonet wounds,J and he was also terribly beaten on the head with the butt of a musket by a British soldier while he lay wounded and helpless on the ground. He was taken to Clarke's house, and there most tenderly cared for and nursed by the ladies of the household ; but after lingering in agony for nine days he expired on the 12th of January. Gen. Washington while on the field of Princeton had learned with great grief of the fall of Mercer, who was reported killed, and it was not until he had made his headquarters for the night at Somerset Court- house that the commander-in-chief received with cor- responding joy and thankfulness the intelligence that his old friend and companion-in-arms,J although t Kecollections of the Life and Character of Washington, by G. W. P. Custis. t "The late Dr. Moses Scott, of New Brunswick, with other surgeons, was with Gen. Mercer under the tree after the battle, and said that he had received sixteen wounds by the bayonet, though these were not thought by the general himself (who was a physician) to be necessarily mortal, but that wliile lying on the ground a British soldier had struck him on the head with his musket; ' and that,' said he, ' was a dishonor- able act, and it will prove my death.' "— ijaum's RisUyry of TreiUon. g Mercer and Washington had been comrades and warm personal friends in the campaigns against the French in 1765. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 59 severely wounded, was not dead, and might recover. At this he at once dispatched his nephew, Maj. George Lewis, with a flag of truce and a letter to Lord Corn- wallis, requesting that every possible attention might be shown to the wounded generaJ, and that Maj. Lewis might be permitted to remain to attend on and nurse him. " To both these requests," says Custis, " His Lordship yielded a willing assent, and ordered his staff surgeon to attend upon Gen. Mercer. Upon an examination of his wounds the British surgeon ob- served that, although they were many .and severe, he was disposed to believe they would not prove danger- ous. Mercer, bred to the profession of an army sur- geon in Europe, said to young Lewis, ' Raise my right arm, George, and this gentleman will then discover the smallest of my wounds, but which will prove the most fatal. Yes, sir, that is the fellow that will soon ■do my business.' . . . During the period that he languished on the couch of suffering he exonerated his enemies from the foul accusation which they not only bore in 1777, but for half a century since, — viz., of their having bayoneted a general officer after he had surrendered his sword and become a prisoner of war, declaring that he only relinquished his sword when his arm became powerless to wield it." The kindness and courtesy of Lord Cornwallis in so readily and fully granting Gen. Washington's request ,^ in reference to the wounded general Mercer was as fully and generously repaid by the consideration and kind attention bestowed, by order of the American commander, on one of his British prisoners, — Capt. William Leslie, of the Seventeenth Regiment, — who was mortally wounded and captured by the patriot forces at Princeton. An account of the death of this brave young officer is thus given by Custis : " It waa while the commander-ln-cbief reined up his horse upon ap- proaching the spot in a plowed field where lay the gallant Col. Hazlet mortally wounded that he perceived some British soldiera supporting a wounded oiBcer, and upon inquiring his name and rank was answered, * Capt. Leslie.' Dr. Benjamin Bush, who formed a part of the general's suite, earnestly aaked, ' A son of the Earl of Leven ?' to which the soldiei-B replied in tlie aiBrmative. The doctor then addressed the geueral-in-chief : ' I beg your Excellency to permit tliie wounded officer to be placed under my care that I may return, in however small a degree, a part of the obli- gations I owe to his worthy father for the many kindnesses received at his hands while I was a student at Edinburgh.' The request was im- mediately granted, but, alas ! poor Leslie was soon ' paat all surgery.' He ■died the same evening, and was buried the next day at Pluckamin with the honors of war. His troops, as they lowered the remains to the soldier's last rest, shed tears over the remains of a much-loved com- mander."* •The following is a copy of an entry in a diary kept by Col. Bodney who commanded a battalion of Delaware militia in Washington's army at that time : " Pluckamin, N. J., Jan. 6, 1777. " The general continued here this day also to refresh the army. He ordered forty of our light infantry to attend the funeral of Col. [Capt.] Leslie, to bury him with the honors of war. He was one of the enemy •who fell at Princeton. They readily obeyed in payiuE due respect to bravery, thongh in an enemy. " Capt. Henry was now gone home, and I myself had command of the five companies of infantry, but, as I liad not paid any attention to the military funeral ceremonies, I requested Capt. Humphries to conduct it. . . ." If Capt. Leslie died in the evening of the day on which he received his wound, as is stated by Custis, his death must have occurred at or near Somerset Court-house,t where the general made his head- quarters on the night of the 3d of January. But, however this may have been, he was buried with mil- itary honors, as stated, at Pluckamin, where his grave may still be known by a plain monument erected to his memory by his father's friend. Dr. Rush.J After his death Gen. Washington sent his aide. Col. Fitz- gerald, with a flag of truce to the camp of Cornwallis. He was received at the British headquarters with great courtesy, and upon his relating the fact of Capt. Les- lie's death and the manner of his burial to the high officers present, they exhibited great emotion, and one of the generals, who had been compelled to withdraw to a window to hide his tears, returned by the colonel his warmest acknowledgments to the American com- mander-in-chief for kis kindness, and the honors paid to the dead officer. The cannonading on the Princeton battle-field had been heard in nearly every part of the counties of Hunterdon and Somerset to their northern bounda- ries,? and the people were in a state of the greatest excitement and suspense as to what it portended. During the latter part of the day those living along the valley of the Millstone learned the facts by the ■fOne account of Capt. Leslie's death says he was " carried to Plucka- min and died on the porch of a small inn almost immediately on reaching there." There is no reason to doubt that this account is correct; and if so, then Custis M'as mistaken in saying "he died the same evening," — that is, the evening of the day of the battle. While halting at Millstone in the nightafter the battle the soldiers having charge of the ambulance in which Leslie waa conveyed bivouacked on a piece of woodland on, or very near, the site of the present parsonage of the Reformed Church at that place. J.The following, having reference to the last resting-place of the gallant Leslie, is taken from Dr. Messler's " History of Somerset County" (1876) : " Many years since, money was sent from Scotland to build astone- wall in front, and more recently the Presbyterian church was erected on a part of it. The following extracts will be of interest : " ' Many persons in this country will recall with pleasure the visit to this country last year of the Hon. Koland Leslie Melville, brother of the Earl of Leven and Melville, who some time ago became a partner in London of Mr. McCulloch, ex-Secretary of the United States Treasury. While here Mr. Melville mentioned the fact that one oC his /orfeyes, a young British officer, had fallen in America during the Kevolutiouary war, and that the family had never been able to learn where he was buried. There was tradition that his remains had been deposited m a certain Trinily church-yard, but that vague description gave them little clue to the spot. Only the other day an American friend of Mr. Melville, searching our early national history with quite another object, stumbled on the story of his ancestor's death, and, finding that he fell at the battle of Princeton, Jan. 3, 1777, pursued the inquiry, and discovered his burial- place still well presex-ved. . . .' " J The boom> of the guns ot Princeton wos also heard much farther away thnn the remotest bounds of Hunterdon. The journal of the Mo- ravian brethren at Bethlehem, Pa., contains entries showing that fact, as follows: " On the first of January, 1777, Brother Bttwein made his rounds tlirough the hospital, and wished the sufferers God's blessing on the opening of the New Year."— " Januan/ 3d. During the forenoon we heard long-continued cannonading. Later, it wos ascertained to have been at Princeton." The hospital referred to in the first entry was the general hospital of the army, which had been removed to that place from Morristown by Surg.-Gen. John Warren, under an order from Gen. Wash- ington, Dec. 3, 1776, when the first advance of the British into New Jer- sey made it necessary to remove it farther into the interior. 60 HUNTEKDON AND SOMEKSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. passage of the patriot forces, and on the following day the glad news was spread farther and more widely, till, on the morning of the 5th, there were few of the inhabitants of either county who did not know that Washington's army had recrossed the Ear- itan and was in bivouac along the hillside at Pluclca- min. "Many a horseman .during the night dashed onward to this point to ascertain what it [the light of the camp-fires at Pluckamin] portended, and when the news was brought back that it was Washington the joy was almost rapturous everywhere."* The army arrived at Pluckamin on the evening of the 4th of January! i^ ^ condition of extreme wear- iness and destitution. Not only were the men worn out by loss of sleep and the excessive fatigue of the rapid night-march from Trenton to Princeton, the battle at that place, and the subsequent marching to Kingston down the valley of the Millstone, and from the Earitan to the mountains,- but they were very poorly supplied with food, many of them shoeless and suffering from cold through lack of blankets and sufficient clothing. The officers as well as the private soldiers suffered from the same cause. Col. Eodney said (in the diary before quoted from), in reference to his condition during the halt at Pluckamin, " I had nothing to cover me here but my great-coat, but luck- ily got into a house near the mountains, where I fared very comfortably while we stayed here.'' But there were few even among the officers who fared as well as he in this respect. During the day of January 5th the main body of the army lay quietly at Pluckamin resting and wait- ing for detached bodies to rejoin it. J When the com- mands had all reported, and the men had in some degree recovered from the effects of the excessive fatigue and exposure which they had been compelled to endure in the marches and battles from the Assan- pink to Pluckamin, the army moved out from its temporary camps at the latter place and marched leisurely to Morristown, where it went into winter quarters in log huts. It is said that while there the only command of which the men were in complete uniform was Col. Eodney's battalion of Delaware troops, which on that account was detailed for duty as a body-guard to the commander-in-chief.J CHAPTEE VI. HUBTTEBDON AliTD SOMERSET COUIirTIES IN THE EBVOLUTIOIT (Continued). The Marvelous Change produced by the Campaign of Trenton and Princeton— Gen. Howe's " Protections" — Atrocities of the British in Somerset and Hunterdon Counties— Washington's Proclamation to tha People— Skirmish at Weston, Somerset Co.— Gen. Dickinson Defeats the British and Captures a Wagon Train— Occupation of Middle- brook by the American Forces in 1777— Letter of Gen. Heard from Earitan—" Washington Eock"— Attempt to Entice Washington from his Stronghold in the Hills— The British Troops leave the State and the American Army march through Somerset and Hunterdon to the Delaware— Washington's Letters from Coryell's Ferry- Hunterdon and Somerset Troops at Battle of Brandywine— Valley Forge— Col. Frelinghuysen's Expedition to Staten Island — A Female Tory Dispatch- Carrier — The Tories Penn and Chew under Surveillance in Hunterdon County— Extracts from Minutes of the Council of Safety, Etc.— British evacuate Philadelphia and pass through New Jersey — Wash- ington's Army cross at Coryell's — Battle of Monmouth, Etc. — Somerset and Hunterdon Troops behave gallantly — Cantonments at Middle- brook — Gen. Washington and Wife at Somerville — Five Soldiers Hung —Gen. Knox's Headquarters at Pluckamin — Grand Ball and Supper — Simcoe's Raid in 1779 — Burning of the Church, Court-house, Etc. — Capt. Peter G. Voorhees killed — The Ladies of Hunterdon and Somer- set — Close of the War — The Currency — Patriotism under War Burdens —Processes against Forfeited Estates, Etc. FKOM THE BATTLE OF PRINCETON TO THE CLOSE OF THE WAB. The glorious result of the campaign which com- menced on the south shore of the Delaware at Mc- Conkey's Ferry at nightfall on the evening of Christ- mas Day, 1776, and ended when the weary and shiv- ering soldiers of Washington entered their compara- tively comfortable winter quarters at Morristown, wrought a wonderful change in the aspect of affairs in New Jersey. A few weeks before, when the slender and constantly-decreasing columns of the American army were crossing the State towards the Delaware in flight before the pursuing and victorious legions of Cornwallis, a large proportion — probably a majority — of the people of the State had become discouraged, and, despairing of a successftil issue to the struggle for liberty, large numbers of them promptly availed themselves of the terms offered by the proclamation of the British commander guaranteeing pardon and protection to such rebels and disaffected persons a& would come forward to abandon the patriot cause and renew their allegiance to the king.|| It is stated that ■* Kev. Dr. Messier. ■f Lossing (vol. i. p. 306) says that Washington, having defeated the British at Princeton, " pursued them as far as Kingston, where he had the bridge taken up, and, turning short to the left, crossed the Millstone Kiver twice, and arrived at Pluckamin the same evening.'''' And again (vol. ii. p. 239) he says, " He destroyed the bridge at Kingston, which checked the progress of Cornwallis for some time, and having crossed the Mill- stone twice, he reached Pluckamin that evening." But this is clearly a mistake, as the account of Washington's bait with his army near Som- erset Court-house during the night succeeding the battle is well authen- ticated. X In Washington's dispatches to Congress dated at Pluckamin on that day he says, "Our whole loss cannot be ascertained, as many who are in pursuit of the enemy (who were chased three or four miles) are not yet come in." § The iiag-staff which was used at Washington's headquarters, Morris- town, up to the time of erecting a liberty-pole, was removed in the sum- mer of 1880 to the residence of D. D. Craig, at Basking Kidge, in Somer- set Co., where it was again raised. II " The British commissioneis [Gen. William Howe and his brother. Admiral Lord Eichard Howe] issued a proclamation commanding all persons assembled in arms against His Majesty's government tu disband and rett^rn to their homes, and all civil officers to desist from their trea- sonable practices and to relinquish their usurped authority. A full par- don was offered to all who within sixty days would appear before aa officer of the Crown, claim the benefit of the proclamation, and subscribe a declaration of his submission to the royal authority. Seduced by this- proclamation, not only the ordinary people shrunk from the apparent fate of the country in this its murkiest hour, but the vaporing patriots who sought office and distinction at the hands of their countrymen when danger in their service was distant now crawled into the British lines, humbly craving the mercy of their conquerors, and whined out, as justi- HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 61 for a considerable time the daily average of persons within the State who thus signified their adhesion to the royal cause was more than two hundred. Scarcely an inhabitant of the State joined the army of "Wash- ington as he was retreating towards the Delaware, but, on the contrary, great numbers of those who were already in the service from this State deserted and returned to their homes. " The two Jersey regiments which had been forwarded by Gen. Gates, under Gen. St. Clair, went off to a man the moment they entered their own State. A few officers, without a single pri- vate, were all of these regiments which St. Clair brought to the commander-in-chief."* The most earnest exertions of Governor Livingston to induce the militia to oppose the invading army were fruit- less. " Those who visited the army brought back an unfavorable report. They secretly or openly advised others to do nothing that would involve them in dis- loyalty, and thus jeopardize their possessions. Old people tell us that such was the talk with many. The Legislature, itself defenseless, had moved from Prince- ton to Burlington,! and there, on the 2d of December, they adjourned, each man going home to look after his own affairs. Until the battle of Trenton, on the 26th of that month. New Jersey might have been con- sidered a conquered province. Even Samuel Tucker [of Hunterdon], chairman of the Committee of Safety, treasurer, and judge of the Supreme Court, took a protection of the British, and thus renounced allegi- ance to this State and vacated his offices. J Open in- surrection against the American cause had broken out in several counties, among which was that of Hunterdon, where (as before noticed) the malcontents had proceeded to violence against the Whig inhabit- ants of that section, plundered the house of Capt. Jones, and boldly declared their intention of joining the British army. In Monmouth County a similar, but even more desperate, state of affairs existed, to suppress which it was deemed necessary to detach a strong military force under Col. Forman. Panic, dis- affection, and cowardly submission were found every- where; despair had seized on all but the sturdiest patriots ; and the conflict for liberty seemed well-nigh hopeless. But a marvelous change was wrought by the favor- able result of the campaign of Trenton and Prince- ton. The Christmas victory at Trenton rekindled a bright spark of hope in the breasts of despairing pa- triots, and the glorious event of Princeton fanned that spark into a strong and steady flame. An imme- diate result was a revival of hope and courage among the Jersey militia, causing large numbers of them to join the American army, adding materially to its ef- fective strength. " The militia are taking spirits, and, I am told, are coming in fast from this State," said Gen. Washington in his dispatches to Congress writ- ten at Pluokamin on the 5th of January, only two days after the victory of Princeton ; and the acces- sions from this source were much more numerous after that time. " The militia of New Jersey, who had hitherto behaved shamefully,? from this time forward generally acquired high reputation, and throughout a long and tedious war conducted themselves with spirit and discipline scarce surpassed by the regular troops. In small parties they now scoured the country in every direction, seized on stragglers, in several light skirmishes behaved exceptionally well, and collected in such numbers as to threaten the weaker British posts with the fate which those at Trenton and Prince- ton had already experienced. In a few days, indeed, the Americans had overrun the Jerseys." Among the inhabitants, those who had maintained their unswerv- ing devotion to the patriotic cause once more took heart ; and even of those who, from motives of fear and self-interest, had availed themselves of the "pro- tection" of the British, II the greater number were re- joiced at the successes of Washington. Gen. Howe's " protections"l[ had proved to them a delusion. Dur- ing the time in which the British held undisputed control the country in all directions had been rav- aged by their foraging-parties, composed principally of Hessians. These mercenaries were unable to read the English language; and so, when the "loyal" inhabitants who had secured protection papers exhib- ited them to the German marauders, the latter regarded them no more than if they had been Washington's passes, but treated their holders with contempt and showed them no more consideration than was accor- ded to their Whig neighbors,— which was simply none at all. In the depredations and atrocities committed during this period by the Hessian and British soldiery, Som- ficatton, that, though they had united with others in seeking a constitu- tional redress of grievances, they approved not the measures lately adopted, and were at all times opposed to independence."— Gordon's SU- Utry of Nex Jersey, p. 223. *Ibid. fThe removals of the Legislature, enforced by the advance of the British army, were : First, from Princeton to Trenton ; then from Tren- ton to Burlington ; from Burlington to Pittstown ; and finally, from that place to Haddonfleld, where it was dissolved on the 2d of December, 1776. t Mott's " FiiHt Century of Hunterdon County." Gordon (p. 223) says, "Dr. Bamsay has given to political infamy the names of Galloway and Allen, of Pennsylvania. He might have added those of Tucker and others, of New Jersey." a See Gordon's " History of New Jersey," p. 233. I The whole number of those who, in the State of New Jersey, took advantage of the proclamation of the brfithers Howe is said to have been two thousand seven hundred and three. IT Following is a copy of one of these " protection" papers, given to a Somerset County man by that same Col. Mawhood who, a little more than two weeks later, was defeated by Washington at Princeton : "I do hereby Certify that the Bearer Abraham Sedham, of Middle- bush in the County of Somerset, came and subscribed the declaration specified in a certain Proclamation published at New York, on the ISth day of November last, by the Bight Honorable Lord Howe, and His Ex- cellency General Howe. Whereby he is entitled to the protection of all Officers and Soldiers serving in his Majesties' Army in America, both for himself, his family and property, and to pass and repass on his lawful business without molestation. " Given under my hand this 18th day of December, 1776. " C. Mawhood, Lt.-Col," 62 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. erset* and Hunterdon were among the four or five counties which suffered the most severely of any in the State. " Neither the proclamation of the commis- sioners [General and Admiral Howe] nor protections saved the people from plunder or insult. Their property was taken and destroyed without distinction of persons. They exhibited their protections, but the Hessians could not read and would not understand them, and the British soldiers deemed it foul disgrace that the Hessians should be the only plunderers. Discontents and murmurs increased every hour with the ravages of both, which were almost sanctioned by general orders, and which spared neither friend nor foe. Neither age nor sex was protected from outrage. Infants, children, old men and women, were left naked and exposed, without a blanket to cover them from the inclemency of winter. Furniture which could not be carried away was wantonly destroyed, dwellings and outhouses burned or rendered unin- habitable, churches and other public buildings con- sumed, and the rape of women, and even very young girls, filled the measure of woe. Such miseries are the usual fate of the conquered, nor were they infiicted with less reserve that the patients were rebellious sub- jects. But even the worm will turn upon the op- pressor. . . . What the earnest commendations of Congress, the zealous exertions of Governor Living- ston and the State authorities, and the ardent suppli- cations of Washington could not effect was produced by the rapine and devastations of the royal forces. The whole country became instantly hostile to the in- vaders. Sufferers of all parties rose as one man to re- venge their personal injuries. Those who, from age and infirmities, were incapable of military service kept a strict watch upon the movements of the royal army, and from time to time communicated informa- tion to their countrymen in arms. Those who lately declined all opposition, though called on by the sacred tie of honor pledged to each other in the Declaration of Independence, cheerfully embodied when they found submission to be unavailing for the security of their estates. . . . Men who could not apprehend the consequences of British taxation nor of American in- dependence could feel the injuries inflicted by inso- lent, cruel, and brutal soldiers. "f Gen. Washington was not slow to avail himself of the advantages to the American cause offered by this situation of affairs, and on the 25th of January he issued, from his headquarters in Morristown, a procla- mation requiring all persons who had accepted pro- tection from the British commissioners to repair to * '* Somerset County lay at the mercy of the enemy, whose foraging- parties went out from New Brunswick, where Howe had quartered his troops, across the Millstone as far as Neshanic and the South Branch, gathering everything they could lay their hands on, and maltreating the inhahitanta most cruelly whenever any resistance was offered. It seemed as if the idea that they were or might be rebels formed a suffi- cient excuse in the minds of the soldiers for any outrage that their pas- sions prompted them to commit." — Mesaler^s History of Sovierset County. t Gordon, pp. 232, 233. the army headquarters, or the nearest headquarters of any general ofllcer in the Continental service, and there to surrender their protection papers and swear allegiance to the .United States of America; upon which terms they were to receive full pardon for past offenses, provided this was done within thirty days from the date of the proclamation. But such as should fail to conform to these requirements within the speci- fied time were commanded to forthwith withdraw themselves and families within the enemy's lines, and upon their refusal or neglect to do so they were to be regarded and treated as adherents to the King of Great Britain and enemies of the United States. The effect of this proclamation was excellent. Hun- dreds of timid inhabitants who had taken protection now flocked to the different headquarters to surrender them and take the required oath of allegiance. The most inveterate and dangerous Tories were driven within the enemy's lines, or entirely out of the State, and the army was largely increased by volunteers and by the return of many who had previously served in its ranks, but had deserted and returned to their homes during the dark days of November and De- cember, 1776. The main body of the army lay in quiet at Morris- townj for nearly five months. During this time,, although no general movements were made, small bodies of militia and other troops were almost con- stantly harassing the enemy, and several minor fights occurred, one of the most important of which took place at Weston, in Somerset County, on the 20th of January. In consequence of the Americans having captured and destroyed a number of boats ascending the Baritan laden with provisions for the use of Corn- wallis' forces at New Brunswick, the British were compelled to forage the country with more than their usual energy. One of their foraging-parties, about four hundred strong,^ had been raiding on the east side of the Millstone River, in that part of Somerset County which is now the township of Franklin, where they had seized a large number of cattle and sheep, and, learning that a considerable quantity of flour was stored in a mill at Weston, proceeded to that place, took possession of the flour, and com- menced loading it upon their wagons. But in the I A detached force of several hundred men, under command of Gen. Is- rael Putnam, was stationed at Princeton in the latter part of January to act as a corps of observation merely, being too weak in numbers to offer serious opposition if the enemy should appear in force. In Hageman's " History of Princeton" there is related an incident illustrative of Gen. Putnam's strategy, as follows : " A British officer, Maj.-Gen. McPherson, who lay mortally wounded at Princeton, desired the presence of a mili- tary comrade in his last moments. The kind-hearted Gen. Putnam could not refuse the request, but resorted to strategy to hide his weakness from the enemy. He sent a flag to New Brunswick in quest of the- friend, who entered Princeton after dark. The general had arranged it so that every unoccupied house was carefully lighted, lights gleamed in all the college windows, and he marched and countennarched his scanty forces to such effect that the British soldier on his return to tbfr camp reported it at least five thousand strong, while he had only a few hundreds." g One account places its strength at six hundred men. HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 63 mean time intelligence of the movement was carried to Gen. Philemon Dickinson, who with a small force was stationed to hold a small earthwork at Somerset Court-house (Millstone village), a short distance from the mill, but on the opposite side of Millstone River. Upon learning the facts, Gen. Dickinson, being de- termined to attack the party, moved out with a force of two companies of Continentals, fifty Pennsylvania riflemen, and a small body of New Jersey militia, — in all, about four hundred and fifty men, — and, pro- ceeding to the bridge at Weston, attempted to cross it, but failed, as the enemy held the opposite end, with three pieces of artillery trained upon it. The Americans then sought a fording-place below, and, plunging into the river where the water was waist- deep and filled with floating ice, crossed the stream ajid attacked the British with such vigor and deter- mination that they fled precipitately towards New Brunswick, leaving forty-three wagons, one hundred and four horses, one hundred and eighteen cattle, seventy sheep, and twelve prisoners in the hands of Gen. Dickinson, whose loss of men in the fight was five. The total loss of the enemy was about thirty men. Gen. Washington, in his mention of this affair, highly commended the energy and skill of Gen. Dick- inson, and the gallantry evinced by the force under his command, more than half of which was composed of raw militia. A similar afikir occurred on or about the 1st of Pebruary at Piscataway, in which at least thirty-six of the enemy were killed, while the Americans lost nine killed and fourteen wounded. The force of the British was about one thousand, with three field- pieces ; while the Americans were only about seven hundred strong, and nearly or quite all militia. In the first attack the enemy were compelled to retire, but, receiving reinforcements, they again advanced and drove the militia from their position. About three weeks later, " Col. Neilson, of New Brunswick, with a detachment of one hundred and fifty militia, surprised and captured Maj. Stockton (one of the nu- merous family of that name, who from his treachery was called ' Double Dick'), at the head of fifty-nine pri- vates, refugees, in British pay."* Two or three quite severe fights occurred at "Spanktown" (Rahway), — one on the 6th of January, in which a thousand bushels of salt and other stores were captured from the British, and another on the 23d of February, be- tween the brigade of Gen. Maxwell and the Third British Brigade from Amboy. In the latter fight the Americans were victorious also, and drove the enemy through the snow all the way back to Amboy, in- flicting on them a loss (according to British reports) of four officers and nearly one hundred men killed and wounded. The loss of the Americans was three killed and twelve wounded. Encounters similar to those above mentioned, and others of less importance, were * Gordon, p. 233. of frequent occurrence during the winter and spring of 1777. On the opening of spring, the American commander, fi'om his position at Morristown, watched closely and anxiously the movements of Gen. Howe's forces at New Brunswick, for he had no doubt that the British general was intending to make an important move- ment, though in what direction he could not learn, though he believed that Howe's objective-point would be the city of Philadelphia. Early in May it was ascer- tained by Gen. Washington that the British forces at New Brunswick had been largely augmented, and that they were engaged in building " a portable bridge so constructed that it might be laid on flat-boats," — in other words, a pontoon-bridge. Regarding this as an almost certain indication that Howe was preparing to move forward and cross the Delaware, Washington at once decided to move his forces to a point nearer New Brunswick, to be within striking distance of the enemy in case he should attempt to execute his suspected de- sign. The point selected was the range of hills to the northward of the village of Bound Brook, — generally mentioned as the " Heights of Middlebrook," — and to this place the army was moved from Morristown about the 28th of May,t on which day the headquarters of the f Detached commands ot the army had, however, been stationed at ditferent pointB on the Millstone and Baritan Kivers prior to this, during tlie winter and spring. Gen. Dickinson had been stationed at Somerset Conrt-honse, as we have seen, and liad made a successful ad- vance from that place in January against the British foraging party at Weston. A force under Gen. Lincoln had been stationed at Bound Brook at least as early as April. This fact is mentioned by the Rev. Dr. Mess- ier as follows; *'Maj.-Gen. Benjamin Lincoln had his quarters at the house yet standing at the east end of the village. It was the only house having two stories that Bound Brook could boast. It was inhabited at the time by Peter Williamson. Gen. Lincoln himself, when giving an account of his retreat from this place, uses the following language: * Being stationed at Bound Brook, on the Baritan, he had an extent of five or six miles to guard with a force of less than five hundred men fit for duty. On the 13th of April, 1777, owing to the negligence of his pa- trol, he was surprised by a large parly of the enemy under Cornwallis and Grant, who came upon him so suddenly that the general and one of his aides had barely time to get on horseback ; the other aide was taken, as were also a few pieces of artillery. Near this house a block -house or for- tification had been erected commanding the crossing over Bound Brook Creek, connected with an earthwork reaching to the banks of the river. It stood on the ground occupied at present by the old shop which Mrs. Giles owns. When Gen. Lincoln retreated the inhabitants all fled to the mountain, leaving a soldier's corpse in the block-house as the only occu- pant of the village." Gen. Heard was also stationed on the Karitan with his brigade early in the spring, as is shown by the following letter addressed by him to Gov- ernor Livingston (N. J. Bevolutionary Correspondence, pp. 45, 46) : " Headqtjaeters, Baritan, April 1st, 1777. " Sib, — Inclosed you have the copy of a letter I received from Col. Beavers, in the county of Hunterdon, by which you will see what a bad situation the militia of that battalion are in on account of the captains of several companies refusing to do their duty. I should be glad of your directions how to proceed in the matter, that the men may be brought here they being very much wanted at present, as many of the militia's times expire this day. Likewise, should ho glad of directions to know what is to be done with people that refuse to give up their protections, as I have now a man under confinement that refuses to give his up. The militia law points out no mode of what is to be done with such people. There is a villain apprehended, with a warrant found with him to enlist men for the British army, and now in confinement, who has informed 64 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. commander-in-chief were established at the new posi- tion. The location of the American forces at Mid- dlebrook is thus described :* " We may sufficiently indicate the precise place of the encampment by saying that it was on the right of the road leading through the moun- tain-gorge in which Chimney Book is situated, just where it riaea up from the bed of the little stream and attains the level of Waahington valley. A strong earthwork waa thrown up about a quarter of a mile to the northwest, almost in the centre of the valley, as a protection to any movement approaching from Pluckamin ; and the whole of the de- file leading through the narrow mountain-valley was strongly guarded, while the brow overlooking the plain bristled with cannon. Just at the edge of the wood, east of Chimney Rock, huts were erected as quarters for the officers, and everything done which either safety or comfort de- manded in the emergency. At Bound Brook a strong redoubt was con- structed, commanding the bridge over that miry little stream, just north of the present railroad-crossing, looking to any attack to be made from the way of New Brunswick. Having taken, in this way, all possible precaution against surprise, he felt strong to abide the issue of events. The result justified his sagacity as a military tactician. ... On the apex of the Round Top, on the left of the gorge in which Chimney Rock stands, there are yet to be seen rude remains of a hut which Washington sometimes frequented during those anxious months of 1777. On the east side of the gorge, also, fronting the plain north of Middlebrook, there is a rock which has been named 'Washington Rock,' because there he often stood to gaze anxiously upon the scene it overlooks. On the moun- tain west of Plainfield, also, there is a very large rock which has received the same appellation." The last-named point (which is more generally known than the other as "Washington's Eock") is on the mountain-side, near the top, not far from and in full sight of the railroad-station of Duaellen, in a northeasterly direction. It is a very commanding position, from which may be obtained an unob- structed view of the whole valley and adjacent coun- try for many miles. This, like the other, has received its name from the tradition that the American gen- eral -in-chief often visited it for purposes of observa- tion. The army of Washington, at the time when it moved from Morristown to Middlebrook, was about eight thousand four hundred strong, including cavalry and artillery. But of these more than two thousand were sick, and this, with other causes, reduced his ef- fective strength to five thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight men, rank and file. This number, how- ever, was soon afterwards very considerably increased by accessions from beyond the Delaware, for orders had been issued for all troops in the field, as far south as the Carolinas, to rendezvous in New Jersey. When the movement to Middlebrook was made, Gen. Sullivan, who had succeeded Gen. Putnam in com- me there are many persons out now upon the same business, chiefly in Sussex County. ... I should have sent after them myself, but have so few troops now here thought proper not to spare them, but wait your directions." The letter from Col. Beavers referred to in the above, dated March 29, 1777, complained of certain officers of the Hunterdon battalion in this language : " This is the second time the other fleld-ofBcers and myself have met on the orders you have sent me, and can do nothing, as three of the captains of this battalion refuse to act; nor have they warned a man in their companies on either of the orders,— to wit: Capt. Shenard, Capt. Meddler, and Capt. Clioe." * By Rev. Dr. Messier, in his History of Somerset County, p. 83. t Hon. Ralph Voorhees, " Our Home," p. 495. mand at Princeton, had about fifteen hundred troops under him at that place. He subsequently retreated to the Delaware River, but again ad- vanced to the line of the Sourland Hills, along the southern border of Hunterdon County, and while in this position, waiting to co-operate with Washington in case of an engagement, his forces were considerably augmented by the arrival of troops from the South, moving northward under the order before mentioned. Gen. Benedict Arnold, command- ing at Philadelphia, was ordered to station a force on the New Jersey side of the Delaware, to do what might be done to prevent the British from crossing that river, in case they should succeed in escaping from Washington and Sullivan. The British army in and about New Brunswick had been reinforced until it numbered about seventeen thousand effective men, a force far outnumbering that of Washington, including the corps of observation under Sullivan. Moreover, the British force was largely made up of veterans and was finely equipped, while a large proportion of the American army was composed of raw militia not well provided with equipments and clothing. The position occupied by Washington, however, was very strong by nature and fortified to some extent, and his location was such that he could at once take advantage of a move- ment of the enemy, whether he should advance to- wards the Delaware or retire towards the Hudson ; for he was still in doubt as to the intention of the British commander, — whether itjiwas to move directly on Philadelphia by land, to return his troops to Am- boy, there to embark and proceed by sea and the Del- aware Bay to reach the same objective-point, or to move up the Hudson River to co-operate with Gen. Burgoyne, who was then reported to be moving south- ward from Canada by way of Lake Champlain. In a little more than two weeks after Gen. Wash- ington occupied the heights of Middlebrook the British commander began to unmask his designs. Leaving a force of about two thousand men under Gen. Matthew in New Brunswick, the main body of the British army, in two divisions, under Lord Corn- wallis and Gen. De Heister respectively, moved out at about midnight of the 13th of June, and marched rapidly by two iroutes towards Middlebush and Som- erset Court-house, which last-named place was reached by the division of Cornwallis before sunrise in the morning of the 14th, while De Heister, having taken a more southerly and circuitous route, t arrived at Middlebush at about the same time. Both divisions t " Gen. Cornwallis, in marching with his division to Millstone, took the Amwell road, which then came into the Princeton road but a short distance above the Mile Run Brook near New Brunswick, which he fol- lowed until he reached Millstone, while Gen. De Heister followed the one running along the west bank of the Raritan for more than three miles until he came to the Van Duyn place, where he turned to the left and followed the road leading from thence into the Amwell road, a few yards east of the present Middlebush church, about half a mile west of which lie encamped with his troops."— JToti. Redph Voorhea. HUNTERDOk AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 65 threw up earthworks* of considerable strength. The object of the British general was to sever communica- tion between Gen. Sullivan and the main body of the American army, and, if possible, to tempt Gen. Washington to move down from his almost impreg- nable position and give battle to the British on ground of their own choosing. But the American general could not be so lured from his stronghold among the hills. He merely advanced his forces to the south side of the mountain, and made all preparations to fight on that ground if he should be attacked ; but beyond this he did not go, for the chances in a battle upon the plain would have been too much in favor of the enemy. At the same time, Sullivan's force lay in the neighbor- hood of Clover Hill awaiting events and receiving large accessions from the sources before mentioned. The two British divisions continued to hold their positions on the Millstone and at Middlebush for five days, vainly defying Washington to come down and fight them. During this time Cornwallis' men plun- dered the inhabitants at and in the vicinity of Som- erset Court-house, and set fire to the Presbyterian and Dutch churches there, though the buildings were not destroyed. A number of farm-houses were burned. On the 19th of June, the British general having found it impossible to entice Washington from his stronghold in the hills, the troops of Cornwallis and De Heister suddenly evacuated the positions they had held during the preceding five days and moved rapidly back to New Brunswick. " When Gen. De Heister's army left Middlebush, tradition states that they attempted to burn every building between that place and New Brunswick. Some of the fires were put out, and some buildings failed to take fire."t Yet a very large amount of damage was done by the retiring Hessians. Judge Voorhees, in the paper above quoted from, gives the names of the several suf- ferers, with their losses, as follows : Garret Voorhees, of Middlebush, dwelling-house, six rooms, entry, and kitchen, burned, with other property destroyed and stolen, amounting in all to four hundred and fifty- one pounds seventeen shillings eight pence; Peter Eapalye, dwelling-house forty-two by thirty feet, kitchen twenty-four by twenty-four, weave-house fourteen by eighteen, barn forty -two by forty-eight, burned, and other losses, aggregating three hundred and ninety -three pounds ; John Spader, on the oppo- site side of the Amwell road, kitchen and barn burned, value two hundred and twenty-six pounds sixteen shillings eight pence; Hendrick Bergen, on same road, good frame house destroyed and other property * " Two earthen fortifications or redoubts were tlirown up, — one acroas the Amwell road in Middlebush, a few yards west of the residence of the present Mr. Woolsey, another, about two hundred and fifty yards south of the first, near the railroad. Two other fortifications were erected [these last-named by Cornwallis] on the land of the present John V. C WyckofF, at Millstone, a few yards west of his house. They have all been leveled by the plowshare, so that scarcely a trace of them is left." — Hon. Ralph Voorhees, in " Our Some" (1873). t IWd., p. 495. taken, value three hundred and seventy-one pounds nineteen shillings three pence ; Johannes Van Liew, near New Brunswick, house, outhouses, and barns burned, valued at five hundred and nineteen pounds sixteen shillings five pence. Others who sufiered more or less severely during the stay of the Hessians at Middlebush and on their withdrawal to New Brunswick were John Wyckoflf, Cornelius Van Ang- len, Peter Wyckoff, Philip Fulkerson, John Stothofi", Abraham Van Doren, and Berdus Garretson. Three days after Cornwallis and De Heister retired from Hillsborough and Middlebush to New Bruns- wick that place was evacuated (June 22d) by the whole British army, which then commenced its retreat towards Amboy. Anticipating this movement, Wash- ington had made his dispositions accordingly, detach- ing three brigades under Gen. Greene to harass their rear, sending orders to Gen. Sullivan to move down in all haste with his division to co-operate with Greene, and directing Gen. Maxwell to fall on their flank; but his plans did not succeed, for Sullivan, having received his order at a late hour and being a long distance away, was unable to join Greene in time to be of service, while the orders sent to Gen. Maxwell were not received at all by that ofiicer, the courier by whom they were sent either having deserted or being captured by the enemy. Morgan with his riflemen gave the retreating troops considerable annoyance, attacking them at sunrise on the 22d as they were about leaving New Brunswick. Wayne came up and joined in the attack, driving the enemy from some redoubts on the hill west of Brunswick, after which they crossed the Earitan and retreated rapidly, but in good order and with great caution, to Amboy, reaching there with very little loss, for their rear- guard was too strong for the three brigades under Greene to make much impression upon them. Gen. Howe, in his report of the operations, said, in refer- ence to the attack before referred to as having been made by Wayne and Morgan,^ "Upon quitting the camp at Brunswick the enemy brought a few troops forward, with two or three pieces of cannon, which they fired at their utmost range without the least execution or any return from us. They also pushed some battalions into the woods to harass the rear, where Lord Cornwallis commanded, who soon dispersed them with the loss of only two men killed and thirteen wounded, the enemy having nine killed and about thirty wounded." The retreat of Howe's forces from New Brunswick to Amboy is spoken of by LossingJ as a stratagem intended only to induce Washington to withdraw his army from its strong position in the hills at Middle- X " Field-Book of the Revolution," vol. i. p. 331 : " Failing to draw Wash- ington from his post by this manoeuvre [the movement of Cornwallis to Somerset Court-house], be made a feint a few days afterwards which suc- ceeded better. He suddenly retreated, first to New Brunswick, and then to Amboy, and even sent some detachments over to Staten Island. Partly deceived by these movements, and hoping to reap some advantage by harassing the British rear, WHshington sent strong detachments after the retreating enemy, and also advanced with his whole force to Quibbletown (now New Market), five or six miles from Middlebrook. This was ex- actly what Howe desired to accomplish. . . ." 66 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. trook. But Howe in his report does not support such a belief. In reference to that part of his operations, he says, — " On finding their [the Americans] intention to keep a position -which it would not have been prudent to attack, I determined, without loss of time, to pursue the principal objects of the campaign by withdrawing the army from Jersey, and in consequence of this determination returned to the camp at Brunswicli on the 19th, and marched from thence to Am- hoy on the 82d, intending to cross to Slaten Island, from whence the em- barkation was to take place." This shows that it was not his object to deceive the American commander, but to move his army to Staten Island for embarkation ; and it seemed evident that Washington believed such to be the case, for soon af- ter sending Green in pursuit and dispatching orders to Sullivan to march down and join him he withdrew his army from the heights of Middlebrook, and moved it forward to Quibbletown (now New Market), a position far weaker and more exposed than the one which it had previously occupied. The intelligence, that Washington had left his forti- fied camp in the hills was brought to Gen. Howe af- ter his troops had arrived at Amboy and part of them had crossed to Staten Island. And then he con- ceived the idea of making a sudden retrograde move- ment back towards Quibbletown, hoping to surprise Washington in his new and weaker position, to bring on the general engagement for which he had been manoeuvring since the 14th, and, by turning the American left, to gain the hills of Middlebrook in their rear. These facts are made clear by the follow- ing extract from his report, — viz. : "The necessary preparations being finished for crossing the troops to Staten Island, intelligence was received that the enemy had moved down from the mountain [Middlebrook Heights] and taken post at Quibble- town, intending, as it was given out, to attack the rear of the army re- moving from Amboy ; thai two corps had also advanced to their left,— one of three thousand men and eight pieces of cannon, under the com- mand of Lord Stirling, Gens. Maxwell and Conway, the last said to be a captain in the French service; the other corps consisted of about seven hundred men, with only one piece of cannon. In tliis situation of the enemy it was judged advisable to make a movement that might lead to an attack, which was done on the 26th, in the morning, in two columns. The right, under command of Lord Cornwallis and Maj.-Gen. Grant, Brigadiers Matthew and Leslie, and Col. Donop, took the route by Wood- bridge towards Scotch Plains; the left column, where I was, with Maj.- Gens. Sterne, Vaughan, and Grey, and Brigadiers Cleveland and Agnew marched by Metuchen Meeting-house to join the rear of the right column in the road from thence to Scotch Plains, intending to have taken sepa- rate routes, about two miles after the junction, in order to have attacked the enemy's left at Quibbletown. Tour biittalions were detached in the morning, with six pieces of cannon, to take post at Bonhamtown. The right column, having fallen in with the aforementioned corps of seven hundred men soon after passing Woodbridge, gave the alarm, by the fir- ing that ensued, to their main army at Quibbletown, which retired to the mountain with the utmost precipitation. The small corps was closely pushed by the light troops, and with diJBculty got off their piece of cannon." The above statement by Howe explains his retro- grade movement and its objects pretty clearly. Hav- ing become aware of Washington's advance, he caused that part of the forces which had already crossed to Staten Island to be moved back during the night of the 25th, and early in the morning of Thursday, the 26th, marched his columns back towards New Market in the manner stated. "But the resistance they en- countered at every stage of their advance was dis- heartening in the extreme. Nearly every cross-road had its squad of pugnacious militia, which poured its deadly volleys into the .splendid columns of the well- equipped troops." At Woodbridge, Cornwallis fell in with Morgan's Rangers (the American " corps of seven hundred men, with one piece of cannon," mentioned by Howe), and a severe skirmish ensued, in which, of course, the Rangers were compelled to give way before the heavy masses of the enemy. But the sound of their fusillades was borne to the ears of Washington, who instantly understood its meaning, and without delay moved his main force back from Quibbletown to its former secure position on the heights of Middle- brook. The British right, under Cornwallis, was soon after engaged with the troops of Lord Stirling, which fight was thus reported by Howe r " Lord Cornwallis, soon after he was upon the road leading to Scotch Plains from Metuchen Meeting-house, came up with the corps com- manded by Lord Stirling, whom he found advantageously posted in a country covered with wood, and his artillery well disposed. The king's troops, vieing with each other upon this occasion, pressed forward to such close action that the enemy, though inclined to resist, could not long maintain their ground against so great impetuosity, bnt were dispereed on all sides, leaving three pieces of brass ordnance, three captains and sixty men killed, and upwards of two hundred officers and men wounded and taken." The latter part of this statement is without doubt an exaggeration, as Lord Stirling, although he ad- mitted the loss of the three guns, mentioned only a comparatively light loss in killed, wounded, and pris- oners. He was, however, compelled to retreat before the heavy British force,* which pursued him over the hills as far as Westfield.f The soldiers of both armies were in a state of almost complete exhaustion from the intense heat of the day, but when the British col- umns arrived at Westfield they found that their out- ward march was ended, for Washington had escaped and his army was once more posted in security beyond their reach. " Looking towards the hills, the weary soldiers saw that Washington had made his camp among them, having forsaken Quibbletown and all the plain. Every movement was in view of the American commander; for, taking his position on * The forces encountered by Lord Stirling on this occasion were com- posed of three regiments of Hessian grenadiers, one regiment of British grenadiers, one British regiment of light infantry, the Hessian chassenrs, and the Queen's Bangers. Stiriing also knew that the heavier column, under Howe, was close in the rear and would soon reinforce Cornwallis • in which event his (Stirling's) command must have been cut to pieces had he attempted to hold his ground. t '■ The enemy," said Howe in his report, " was pursued as far as -West- field with little efl-ect, the day proving so intensely hot that the soldiers could with difflculty continue their march thither. In the mean time It gave opportunity for those flying to escape by skulking in the thick woods until night favored their retreat to the mouritain. The aruiy lay that night at Westfield, returned the next day to Rahway, and the day following to Amboy, On the 30th, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, the troops began to cross over to Staten Island, and the rear-guard, under the command of Lord Cornwallis, passed at two in the afternoon without the least appearance of an enemy." HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 6T the bold bluff now so well known as ' Washington's Rock,' he was able to distinguish any important man- oeuvre the foe might choose to make. It was three o'clock on Friday afternoon [June 27th] that the English generals, seeing Washington's impregnable position, took up their line of march from Westfield to Amboy, assaulted flank and rear by Scott's Light- Horse and Morgan's Rangers. They encamped that night at Spanktown [Rahway] . The next day, har- assed as before, they resumed their retreat and arrived at Amboy, from which, on the last day of June, they departed, leaving New Jersey in possession of the American army. During the remainder of the war the latter held Amboy, and the State was never again BO completely overrun with marauders and British troops, although many parties entered it for pillage from hostile camps in adjoining States."* When the last of the British troops had left Amboy and crossed to Staten Island, with the evident inten- tion of embarking on the ships of the fleet, Gen. Washington was in great doubt, and felt no little anxiety as to their destination, — whether it was Howe's intention to take the route by sea and the Delaware Bay to Philadelphia, or to proceed up the Hudson to co-operate with Burgoyne in his southward advance down the upper valley of that river. As the latter seemed rather the more probable, the American army soon after evacuated its position at Middlebrook and moved northward to Pompton Plains, where, and at other points between there and the Hudson, it was stationed until it was ascertained, about two weeks later, that the British fleet, with the armyf on board, had actually gone to sea with the apparent intention of making a movement against Philadelphia. There- upon the American army was again put in motion, and proceeded by easy marchesj across the State, through the counties of Somerset and Hunterdon, to the Delaware River, which was reached by the heads of his columns at three different points (Trenton, Coryell's and Howell's Ferries) on the 28th of July. The commander-in-chief moved with the centre col- umn to Coryell's (Lambertville), from which place he wrote to the president of Congress as follows : " CJobyel's Fehrt, Jekset, July 30, 1777. « Sir, — I do myself the honour to inform you that I arrived here ou the twenty-eighth, at night, with Gen. Greene's division, one brigade of which passed the river that evening, that the whole might encamp the * Daily's Woodbridge and Vicinity. t The British fleet left New Tork Bay, " having on board Gen. Howe and thirty-six British and Hessian battalions, including light infantry and grenadiers, with a powerful artillery, a New York corps called the Queen's Bangers, and a regiment of light-horse. The residue of the army was divided between New York and Rhode Island." — Gordon, p. 245. % Washington did not move towards the Delaware by forced marches, for he still had a suspicion that Howe's going to sea was merely a feint, and that his real intention was to return and proceed up the Hudson, in which case the American army would be compelled to march back again, and, in any event, Washington knew that he had more than sufficient time to reach Philadelphia in advance of Howe, when it should become certain that the latter was really moving against that city. more comraodiously. Gen. Stephen, with his own and Lincoln's division,, also arrived a little time after at Howell's Feiry, four miles above this. "I have' thought proper to halt the whole army at these two places and at Trenton till our knowledge of the enemy's destination becomes- more certain. If the Delaware is their object, we are now within two days' easy march of Philadelphia, and can be there in time, I trust, to make every necessary disposition for opposing them. On the other hand^ if Gen. Howe, by this expedition to sea, only means a deep feint, and should turn his attention again to the North River, we can from hence reinforce Gen. Putnam's army more expeditiously than if we were farther advanced. " The importance of ray receiving the earliest intelligence of the fleet's arrival is apparent ; and Congress, I am certain, will direct proper meas- ures for obtaining it, and also for transmitting it to me in the most speedy manner. If authentic advice should be had of the fleet's coming into Delaware at the same time that it is communicated to me, it will be proper that an express should be sent to Lord Stirling or the command- ing officer at Trenton, to advance with all the troops from thence. Should this not he done, the marching of the troops there will he con- siderably delayed. " I have the honor to be, etc., " G. W." The next day he sent the following message : " Coryel's, July 31, ten o'clock a.m. " Sir, — I am this mom ent honoured with yours of five o'clock this morn- ing, and have accordingly set the army in motion. One division had crossed the Delaware the day before yesterday ; and I am in hopes the whole of the troops now here will be able to reach Philadelphia to-mor- row evening. Lord Stirling's division lies just in my rear, and will move on with us. I propose setting off for your city as soon as I can get the chief part of the army over. *' I am, with the greatest respect, etc., " G. W."? The main body of the army struck the river at Coryell's and Howell's Ferries, the division of Lord Stirling forming the column which crossed at Tren- ton. Anticipating this movement, Washington had requested President Wharton to have accurate drafts made of the river and its approaches. This had been done, and boats for the passage of the army across the stream had been collected at New Hope and points above. Having crossed the river to the Pennsylvania shore on the 29th and 30th at Coryell's and Howell's, the main body of the army were put in march down the York road in the morning of the 31st of July, Gen. Washington starting at the same time for Phila- delphia, where he arrived on the 2d of August. Two or three days later he rode out from the city to Ger- mantown, where he found the main body of the army. At about that time information was received which led to the belief that Howe had returned to Sandy Hook, and upon this the army was put in motion to retrace its steps towards Coryell's, but only reached Hartsville, Bucks Co., Pa., when it was halted by reason of an express having arrived with dispatches from Congress contradicting the report of Howe's re- turn to New York. The forces then remained en- camped along the Neshaminy Hills for thirteen days, when, on the morning of the 23d, on receipt of posi- tive intelligence that the British fleet had appeared at the head of the Chesapeake, and that the forces had landed, or were about landing, at the head of navi- J " Ofllcial Letters of Washington to the American Congress" (vol. ii. pp. 123, 124), Boston, 1796. copied by special permission from the original papers preserved in the ofBce of the Secretary of State, Philadelphia. 68 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. gation on the Elk River, tlie army was again put in motion, and, passing through. Philadelpliia and across the Schuylkill on the 24th, moved southward. The movement resulted, on the 11th of September, in the disastrous battle of the Brandywine, in which conflict the commands of Lord Stirling and Gen. Maxwell (containing a large number of Hunterdon and Somer- set County men) took a prominent part. The battle of Brandywine was followed by the ad- journment of Congress to Lancaster, Pa., the British occupation of Philadelphia (September 26th), and by the battle of Germantown (October 4th), which re- sulted in disaster to the American army, and in which, as at Brandywine, the New Jersey troops under Stir- ling and Maxwell fought gallantly. After that un- fortunate battle "Washington took up a position at Whitemarsh, from which point it was his original in- tention to advance on Philadelphia ; but this enter- prise was abandoned, and he soon after moved his forces to Valley Forge, where they went into winter quarters. Meanwhile, during the part of the year which suc- ceeded the departure of the armies of Washington and Howe from New Jersey, the State, though freed from the presence of large bodies of troops, was still the theatre of some minor military operations. AVhen Howe embarked his army for Philadelphia he left on Staten Island between two and three thousand men, of whom about sixteen hundred were European troops and nearly one thousand were loyal provincials. This provincial force made frequent raids into New Jersey, doing much damage, but always making a short stay, and retreating rapidly back to the island, where they were under the protection of the European troops. On one of these occasions they had penetrated to Woodbridge, and taken captive twelve persons strongly attached to the patriot cause. On account of these incursions, Gen. Sullivan projected an expedition to Staten Island for the purpose of capturing this pro- vincial force, whose camping-places were at different points along the island shore, opposite the Jersey coast, and so far distant from the camp of their Eu- ropean allies that it was believed they might be taken without alarming the foreign troops. The force de- tailed by Sullivan, and accompanied by him in per- son, was composed of the select troops of his division, with a body of militia, the latter under command of Col. Frederick Frelinghuysen. The expedition, how- ever, m'et with quite as much of disaster as of success ; for, having effected a crossing before daylight unper- ceived by the enemy, it was afterwards misled by the guides, which caused such an interference with the preconcerted plan of attack that one entire battalion of the enemy made its escape, and, although a num- ber of oflBcers and men of the other commands were taken, the alarm was given to the British regulars, a part of whom, under Gen. Campbell, advanced to attack Sullivan, who thereupon retreated to Kis boats, but was compelled to leave his rear-guard as prisoners of war in the hands of the British. According to his report to the commander-in-chief, he brought off eleven officers and one hundred and thirty privates prisoners, and killed and wounded a considerable number of the enemy ; while his own loss was stated at three officers and ten privates killed and fifteen wounded, and nine officers and one hundred and twenty-seven privates taken prisoners; so that the losses on each side appear to have been about equal. The following letter was written by Col. Freling- huysen* to Governor Livingston immediately after the return of the Staten Island expedition. It is given here, not on account of any especial mention of that affair found in it, but because it was written by a distinguished soldier and citizen of Somerset County, and because it has reference to some of the public matters of that time : " Earitan, Aug. 25, 177T. " Bear Sir, — I expected yeaterday to find Tour Excellency at Morris- town, and am extremely sorry that Tour Excellency left the place be- fore I arrived. I have so much to communicate, and so much to com- plain of, that I am extremely anxious to see you, but conceive it my duty to repair again to my station before ni^ht, which I could not reach should I first go to Princeton. I am, besides, so much fatigued by losing my rest for two nights past that I must necessarily choose the shortest road. " Ool. Middah waits upon you, and will represent to Your Excellency several things concerning which I have not time to write. In par- ticular, the colonel will acquaint you with the circumstances of the affair on Staten Island; for I suppose my letter on that subject, having been sent to Morris, is not received. The principal matter on which I am BO desirous of conversing with Your Excellency is the unhappy con- dition of our State. The Continental troops are to march towards PhilS/- delphia. The militia who have turned out are a trifling number, the enemy are encouraged and irritated. The consequences, I fear, will be fatal to that county, — nay, I have reason to believe the enemy will not lay idle aftar the removal of the Coutinental troops. Is it not in Tour Excellency's power to prevail upon Gen. Sulhvan to leave one of the Jersey regiments ? If so, it is the only means, I believe, which can be used for the salvation of that county [Monmouth]. I must certainly fall a prey to the enemy with my little party if the enemy choose to come down and we attempt to drive them back, I fear much the loss of character, but I am most concerned for the poor inhabitants and their property. I am, however, determined to exert my utmost abilities for the defense of this State, and I trust I shall not be blamed for any of my future conduct by those who are unacquainted with my situation. I must inform Tour Excellency that I have four prisoners who were taken up as spies, having been with the enemy all winter, and are now making their appearance among us ; I shall send them on with the two before apprehended. Your Excellency's directions respecting such meas- ures as Col. Middah will mention I hope will he immediately forwarded, especially with reference to the procuring of ammunition. I must not forget to congratulate Tour Excellency on the great loyalty of Hunter- don County. " On Saturday arrived at Blizahethtown Lieut.-Col. Houghton, with one private, a baggage-wagon, and two horees.f The colonel says It is occasioned by a report having been industriously spread among the in- habitants that Gen. Dickinson advised them by no means to go, there being no need of any militia; that their being called upon was solely owing to a ivhimsical notion of Gen. Hinds. Something, doubtless, must be done immediately upon my arrival at Elizabethtowu. I shall order Col. Houghton to return and wait upon Your Excellency. I dare * New Jersey Rev. Correspondence, p. 94. t The inference is that all the rest of the regiment or battalion had deserted. Perhaps this is the incident referred to by Gen. Putnam when, in mentioning the desertions occurring during the summer succeeding the battle of Princeton, be said that the militia deserted in bodies, and that in one case an entire command ran away, except one officer and a lame man. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE EEVOLUTION. 69 Ba^the account of Gen. Sullivan's conduct in the affair of Staten Island will cause some uneasy sensations. I wish I may be wrong in my opiuion, but I seriously believe that, upon inquiry, nothing but the most unpardonable neglect will be found the cause of our loss. I send by Col. M. three letters which I received last night. '* I am Your Excellency's most obedient and most honorable servant. " FrEDK. rRELINQHTJYSEN. *'Hi8 Excellency Gov. Livingston." About three weeks after the afifair at Staten Island the disaster on the Brandywine made it necessary that the Jersey militia, as well as the militia of other States, should be sent to reinforce Gen. Washington's army. The request of Congress to this effect was transmitted by its president, John Hancock, on the 12th of Sep- tember, to Governor Livingston, who immediately ordered the militia forward under command of Gen. Armstrong. The number asked for by Congress was four thousand from New Jersey, and, although the entire quota was not filled, all the militia companies which were available at the time (less than a thousand men) crossed the Delaware and joined Washington in Pennsylvania. At the same time a column of American troops which had been stationed at Peeks- kill-on-the-Hudson, moving from that point, entered and crossed the State of New Jersey, marching through Somerset and Hunterdon Counties, and reported to Washington about the 1st of October. Soon after the battle of Germantown the New Jer- sey militia were sent back to their own State, where their presence was thought to be necessary on account of the threatening attitude of Sir Henry Clinton, the British commander in New York, who early in Sep- tember had invaded the State with three thousand men in two columns, one moving by way of Eliza- bethtown Point and the other by Fort Lee, and unit- ing at New Bridge, above Hackensack. He remained in the State but a few days, but his presence and his threatening attitude after his withdrawal created a general alarm, which continued through the fall and succeeding winter. In this connection the following extract from the Minutes of the Council of Safety of New Jersey is given, — viz. : " MONDAT, 17th Nov., 17V7. "The Council met at Princeton. . . . His Excellency produced to the Board a letter from the Eevii M' Caldwell to Maj' Gen' Dickinson dated the 22 October last, containing his report to Gen' Dickinson who had been requested by the Board to inform of the most proper place to fix beacons, and appoint alarm posts, by which it appears to this Board most expe- dient to remove the piece of Cannon* now lying at Princeton to the mountain that nearly divides the space between Elizabeth and Morris- town, to be put under Guard of the Man who lives where the said Can- non is to be fixed, and a few of his neighbors, who ought to be exempted from Military Duty. That it would further be proper to erect a pile on the Hill where M^ M<=Gee formerly lived, whence the Guard from the said Mountain may see the fire or smoke, and by that means know that the Suns fired at Elizabeth Town are intended for an alarm & upon that signal fire the Cannon on the Mountain. The Council hereupon agreed * Probably the cannon which Count Donop had mounted on his earth- work at Princeton, captured by Washington on the 3d of January, and afterwards left there by the British on their withdrawal from the place, — supposed to be the same gun which is still in existence on the college campus in that town, having been brought back there many years after being used as above indicated. That M' Caldwell be desired to carry the above Plan into execution, and to transmit to the Board an account of the expenses attending the same." About the 18th of October the welcome intelligence was received in New Jersey of the surrender of Bur- goyne to Gen. Gates at Saratoga.f When the news came to Gen. Washington he at once issued orders to all outlying detachments to stop all stragglers from making their way to the enemy, who then had pos- session of Philadelphia. An official dispatch from Burgoyne to Gen. Howe had come as far as Basking Ridge, in Somerset County, where (as it was feared it might he captured by the Americans if it proceeded any farther in charge of the male messenger) it was intrusted to a woman,— doubtless the wife of one of the Tories of that vicinity, — who took it and pro- ceeded on horseback towards Philadelphia ; but she had not passed over a great part of the distance when she was halted by Capt. Craig, of the American army, and on taking off her bonnet (which operation she resisted most energetically) the dispatch was dis- covered ; but after an examination of its contents she was remounted, the dispatch given back to her, and she was allowed to proceed on her journey towards Gen. Howe's headquarters, the captain bidding her godspeed with the remark that "if she had such news to take to the British commander, she might be off as soon as she pleased."! During the month of September in that year two distinguished Tories of Pennsylvania, Messrs. Penn and Chew, respectively the royalist Governor and chief justice of that State, were removed thence by the Continental authorities and placed under surveil- lance in Hunterdon County. The dissatisfaction cre- ated in New Jersey by this proceeding is shown by the proceedings of the Council of Safety and by a let- ter from the Executive, given below. The following is from the Minutes of the council : " Satdrdat, 4th October, 1777. "Present His Excellency W" Livingston, Mr. Condict, Mr. Scudder, M' Paterson, M"^ Camp, Mr. Elmer. ... It being represented to the President & Council of Safety : That the late Gov Penn, of Pennsylvania, and Benj'n Chew, Esq', late C. Justice of the same State, have been per- mitted by the Hon'Ji'' Board of War to reside at or near the Umon,§ in the C" of Hunterdon: Agreed, That a letter be written to the Honbi" Congress, informing them of the impropriety of suffering disaffected per- f In a letter written by William Paterson to Governor Livingston, dated Morristown, Oct. 18, 1777, is found the following : " . . . Glorious news I Glorious news I Gen. Burgoyne has surrendered himself and his whole army prisoners of war to Gen. Gates. I believe this intelligence may be depended upon ; it comes quite direct. The bearer will inform Your Excellency more particularly." — New Jersey Revolviionary Corre- ejpondeit£e,p. 109. X PMladelphia Bullelitt. g " This Union was the iron-works within a few miles of the home of Cols. Stewart and Johnston. Near the furnaces was the house occupied by Blr. Taylor, the superintendent. He was a patriot. In this house, which now forms a part of the residence of Lewis H. Taylor [at High Bridge], Penn and the attorney-general. Chew, were confined six months as prisoners of war, in charge of Mr. Taylor. Tradition reports that they brought their servants with them, and an Indian fiddler to beguile the hours of their captivity. Governor Penn presented Mr. Taylor with a copy of Dalrymple's * Memoirs,' with his autograph upon the title-page.'* — MoWb Rimterdon County. 70 HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. -sons to remain on parole in this State, as it is nearly encircled by the Enemy ; or if it be suffered, That the above persons be removed from their present situation to some more secure & better affected part of the State; and that the Executive Depart"^* of this State have the disjjosal of them, so far as respects the place of their residence." In conformity to this resolution of the council, Governor Livingston wrote the President of Congress .as follows : " Princeton, October 4, 1777. "Sir, — The council a few days ago was informed, but not oflBcially so, "that Mr. Penu, late Grovernor, and Mr. Chew, late chief Justice, of Penn- sylvania, with some others, had been removed to the Union, in the county of Hunterdon, by oi'der of the Hon. Board of War. We are extremely sorry that persons of their political caste and rank in life should have been sent into this State, which is nearly encircled by the enemy, to say nothing of our domestic foes. Wherever the enemy go, thej' never fail to make friends and abettors, or at least to call up such into active life in their favor as during their absence remained in a sort of inactivity. We have suffered extremely from persons under parole. A course of experi- ence has fully convinced us that they have always tinctured the neigh- borhood in which they have been fixed with Toryism and disaffection. There is hardly a county in this State which is not at present exposed to the incursions of the enemy; and therefore we submit it, whether it be proper to send any suspected persons into it. They have an impercepti- ble and baleful influence even upon the well 'affected. We request, therefore, that the above gentlemen may be removed into some other State as soon as possible. Of all Jersey, the spot in which they are at present is the very spot in which they ought not to be.* It has always been considerably disaffected, and still continues so not- withstanding all our efforts, owing, we imagine, in part, to the inter- ■ests, connections, and influence of Mr. John Allen, brother-in-law of Mr. Penn, who is now with the enemy. Of this the Board of War must have been entirely ignorant, otherwise they would not have made such an order of removal. And we are willing to ascribe it to the hurry and multiplicity of their business that either the honorable the Congress or the Board of War should have selected any part of New Jersej' as a prison for malcontents without first notifying the same to the executive power of the State. Nor can we persuade oui-selves that they will have Any objection against our removing the before-mentioned prisoners out of thi^ State to such other parts of the country as Congress may think most fit for their Safety; or, if they must remain in this State, to leave it to our direction in what particular locality they are likely to do the least mischief.f *' I am your ob't and hum. ser't " Will : Livingston. " His Excellency John Hancock, " Preset of Congress." The request of the Council of Safety and the Gov- ernor was acceded to, and it was ordered to remove Penn and Chew from Hunterdon County to the State of Massachusetts. Following are given extracts from the Minutes of the Council of Safety having reference to their removal : " MoNDiT, 24th November, 1777. " The Council met at Princeton. . . . Agreed That the officer who is to conduct John Penn & Benjamin Chew to Wooster [Worcester, Mass.] be ■directed to purchase in some of the New England States, for the use of this State, 20,000 Flints." * The Governor's letter and the resolution of the council, above quoted, imply that Toryism was more rampant in Hunterdon than in other por- tions of the State. But it is proper to remark that, while it is undoubt- edly true that there existed among the inhabitants of Hunterdon more disaffection than was found among those of any other county (with per- haps the exception of Monmouth), yet there were among its people a very great number who maintained sentiments of the most unadulterated and ■exalted patriotism throughout the entire Revolutionary sti-uggle, and that it was excelled by no county in New Jersey in the number and gal- lantry of the troops which it sent to the flold. fN. J. Eev. Corr., pp. 101, 102. " Wednesday, 26th Nov. " The Council met at Princeton. . . . Agreed : That there be ad- vanced to Col Chamberlain for purchasing 20,000 Flints in New England, and for defraying his expenses to Wooster in the Massachusetts Bay, whither be is to conduct Mesr^ Penn & Cliew, the sum of £200." That Col. Chamberlain made purchase of the flints as directed is shown by the following extract from the Minutes of the council, — viz. : " March 17, 1778. " The Council met at Trenton. . . . Agreed that Co^ Hathaway receive from Mr Ogden at Boontown the 20,000 flints sent or to be sent into this State by M^ Archibald Mercer from Boston (first paying to Ogden at Boontown for the cartage), & to be accountable for them when properly called upon." During the fall and winter of 1777 the Council of Safety held two sessions at different places in what is now the county of Hunterdon, — viz., at Pittstown, where it convened on the 16th of October and re- mained in session from day to day until the 24th, guarded by a detachment of soldiers under Lieut. Henry Young,J and at Ringo's from the 26th of De- cember to the 1st of January, 1778, when it adjourned to meet at Springfield. "When the news of the surrender of Burgoyne with his entire army reached Paris, on the 4th of December, 1777, and was at once transmitted to Versailles, the king informed the American commissioners, through M. Gerard, one of his secretaries of state, that the in- dependence of the United States would be acknowl- edged by France, and that the treaty of alliance and commerce between the two countries would be concluded. In accordance with the assurance given by the monarch, that treaty was finally ratified on the 6th of February, 1778, but it was not until the 1st of the following May that the glad intelligence reached Gen. Washington in his squalid winter quarters at Valley Forge. On the 7th of that month it was offi- cially announced in general orders by the commander- in-chief to the army amid great rejoicings, which were followed by religious observances in the sev-eral commands. " Washington, with his lady and suite, Lord Stirling and his lady, with other general officers and ladies, attended the religious services of the Jersey brigade [Maxwell's], when the Rev. Mr. Hunter delivered a discourse. Afterwards all the officers of the army assembled and partook of a col- lation provided by the commander-in-chief. When he took his leave there was universal huzzaing : 'Long live General Washington P The huzzas con- tinued until the general had proceeded a quarter of a mile, and a thousand hats were tossed in the air. Washington with his retinue turned round and huz- zaed several times."^ This event marked the coming of almost the first ray of hope which pierced the gloom of Valley Forge, and it was not long after- wards that the campaign commenced which ended in glory and victory on the field of Monmouth. X Minutes of the Council, pp. 147-251 § Lossing, vol. ii. p. 346. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 71 On the 11th of May, Sir Henry Clinton took com- mand of the British army in Philadelphia as successor of Gen. Howe. His instructions from England were to evacuate Philadelphia, and this he determined on doing on the 23d of May,* it being his in- tention to proceed with the troops by water to New York. But, as he considered the probability that the fleet might be delayed by head-winds, thus enabling Washington to reach New York before him, he changed his plan, and decided to move his army to that city by land across the State of New Jersey. In pursuance of that plan he evacuated Philadelphia be- fore daylight in the morning of the 18th of June, and by ten o'clock in the forenoon his entire army had crossed the Delaware and landed at Gloucester Point. In the evening of the same day his forces encamped at and near Haddonfield, on the south side of Cooper's Creek, five miles southeast of Camden. From that place they moved on the following morning, march- ing up the Delaware, and nearly parallel with it. They moved in three divisions, — one by way of Mount Holly, one through Columbus, and one by Borden- town. This last division, when near the mouth of Crosswick's Creek, was attacked by three regiments of New Jersey militia, under Col. Frederick Freling- huysen, Col. Van Dyke, and Col. Webster. It was but a skirmish, resulting in a loss to the British of four killed and a greater number wounded. They then moved to Crosswick's, where they were again attacked by the militia while they were attempting to repair the bridge over the stream. This they finally succeeded in doing, and moved on towards Allentown. Maxwell's Jersey brigade had been detached from the main body of the American army, and was now co- operating with the forces of Gen. Philemon Dickin- son to obstruct and harass the British columns as much as possible, but they were too weak to interfere with their march otherwise than by destroying bridges and obstructing roads before them. Clinton did not attempt to move rapidly, but seemed rather to invite an attack. On the 24th of June his column reached Imlaytown. Washington had suspected the design of the Brit- ish commander, to move his forces by land to New York, but it was not until Clinton's army was safely across the Delaware that he became certain that such would be the movement. As soon as positive intel- ligence of the evacuation reached him he sent Arnold with a small force to occupy Philadelphia, and in the afternoon of the 18th (the same day on which the British crossed into New Jersey), six brigades, com- prising the divisions of Greene and Wayne, forming a corps which was under command of Ge n. Lee,t moved * Egle'B " History of the Commonwealth of PennsylTaoia" says (p. 185) the council of war waB held on the 24th. t Gen Charles Lee, who was captured, as already noticed, at Basking Eidge, in December, 1776, hy the British under Col. Harcourt, was ex- changed in May, 1778. for Gen. Prescott. He joined the army at Valley rorge, and was reinstated in his old position sa second in command nnder Washington. towards the Delaware in pursuit. Passing through Doylestown, Lee reached the river at Coryell's Ferry, and crossed into New Jersey at that point in the night of the 20th. On the same night Washington, who followed with the remainder of the forces, encamped at Doylestown, and, resuming the march on the fol- lowing day, crossed at Coryell's on the 22d.t From Coryell's the army moved over the highlands to Hope- well, where Washington remained during the 23d. At that point he detached six hundred riflemen, under Morgan, to annoy the right flank of the enemy, while Maxwell and Dickinson were engaged in the same duty on his left. Lee's column had moved by a more southern route, by way of Pennington, and thence to Princeton. Washington's column, moving from Hope- well, also passed Princeton, and the entire forces con- centrated at Kingston. It had been the intention of the British general to move to the Earitan and embark his troops at New Brunswick or Amboy, but when he found Washington almost in his front at Kingston, he turned to the right, taking the road leading to Free- hold and Sandy Hook. Of the battle and victory of Monmouth, which re- sulted from the movements above mentioned, it is not intended to give a detailed description, for it is a mat- ter of general history, and as such well known to all readers. On the morning of June 28th the British army, under Clinton, occupied a strong position near Monmouth Court-house, and Gen. Washington was approaching it. When within some six miles of Clin- ton he learned that the latter had abandoned his po- sition and was moving towards the coast. On re- ceipt of this intelligence he ordered the army to move on with rapidity, and sent directions to Lee, who had the advance with about five thousand men, to use all possible speed to come up with the enemy, and on doing so to attack him "unless there are very powerful reasons to the contrary," assuring him, at the same time, that the main body would come up as rapidly as possible to his support. Washington then pressed on with the rear division of the army, but after marching some five miles learned, to his surprise and alarm, that Lee, having only delivered a single volley into the ranks of the enemy, was al- ready retreating with precipitation directly on the rear division, thereby causing imminent danger of a general panic among the forces. Putting spurs to his horse, the general-in-chief hastened towards the scene of disorder, and, meeting Lee, he sternly and severely X Washington wrote to the American Congress as follows : " Headquarters near Coryel's, June 22, 1778. " Sir,— I have the honour to inform you that I am now in Jersey, and that the troops are passing the river at Coryel's, and are mostly over. . . . As soon as we have cleaned the arms and can get matters in train, we pro- pose moving towards Princeton, in order to avail ourselves of any favor- able occasions that may present themselves of attacking or annoying the " I have the honour to be, etc., " G. W." 72 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. reprimanded him* for his shameful conduct and or- dered him instantly to turn back. He then dashed among the flying troops and succeeded in rallying them, and induced them to re-form and face the en- emy. This occurred between twelve and one o'clock in the day, and it was the turning-point in the con- flict. Other troops soon came up ; Greene and Stir- ling and "Mad Anthony" Wayne interposed their divisions and became fiercely engaged; and during the remaining hours of that hot and sultry Sabbath afternoon the battle raged at intervals with great fury and with varying success, but in general favoring the Americans, until darkness closed over Monmouth Plain and ended the strife. The wearied soldiers of Washington and Clinton rested on their arms, appa- rently waiting for the light of a new day to recom- mence the struggle. But at about midnight the Brit- ish columns moved away in the darkness, so silently that their flight was not detected by the Americans until hours afterwards. " With silent steps column after column left the camp and hurried towards Sandy Hook. So secret was the movement, and so deep the sleep of the patriots, that the troops of Gen. Poor, lying close by the enemy, were ignorant of their de- parture until at dawn they saw the deserted camp of the enemy. They had been gone more than three hours. Washington, considering the distance they had gained, the fatigue of his men, the extreme heat of the weather, and the deep sandy country, with but little water, deemed pursuit fruitless, and Sir Henry Clinton escaped. . . . The British army reached Sandy Hook on the 30th, where Lord Howe's fleet, having come round from the Delaware, was in readi- ness to convey them to New York."t The battle of Monmouth was one of the most se- verely contested of the conflicts of the Revolution, and in its result has always been regarded as a victoryt for the American arms. This view is sustained by the fact that the British army stole away in the darkness. * Lee answered Washington in a defiant manner, and after the battle used very disrespectful language to him in two letters (dated June 29th and 30th). For this disrespect to the commander-in-chief, aa also on two other charges, — viz., " Disobedience of orders in not attacking the enemy on -the 28th of June, agreeably to repeated instructions," and " Misbe- havior before the enemy on the same day, by making an unnecessary, disorderly, and shameful retreat," — he was tried by a court-martial con- vened on the 4th of July at New Brunswick. It consisted of Maj.-Gen. Lord Stirling (who was the president), four brigadiers, and eight colonels. On the 8th of August their decision was rendered, finding him guilty on all the charges, and sentencing him to be suspended from any and all command in any of the armies of the United States for the terra of twelve months. This finding was approved by Congress, and thereupon Gen. Lee left the army and removed to Philadelphia, where he died four years afterwards, never being again called into service. f LoBsing. X That Washington so regarded it is shown by the following extract from his general order dated at Freehold on the morning after the battle : " The commander-in-chief congratulates the army on the victory obtained over the arms of His Britannic Majesty, and thanks most sincerely the gallant ofScers and men who distinguished themselves upon this occasion, and such others as, by their good order and coolness, gave the happiest presage of what might have been expected had they come to action." leaving Washington master of the field. Lossing remarks? that the result might have been a complete defeat for the British, and probably a surrender of their army, if Washington had brought into the battle the corps of riflemen under the redoubtable Morgan. " For hours the latter was at Richmond Mills, three miles below Monmouth, awaiting orders, in an agony of desire to engage in the battle, for he was within sound of its fearful tumult. To and fro he strode, uncertain what course to pursue, and, like a hound iu the leash, panting to be away to action. ... It appears probable that had he fallen on the British rear with his fresh troops at the close of the day, Sir Henry Clinton and his army might have shared the fate of the British at Saratoga." The New Jersey troops in the commands of Lord Stirling and Gens. Dickinson and Maxwell (in which were found nearly all the soldiers from Somerset and Hunterdon Counties) behaved most gallantly at Mon- mouth. Dickinson (who was in command of the Jer- sey militia, including the battalion of Col. Freling- huysen) displayed the greatest bravery. He and the troops under him were commended by Gen. Wash- ington in his general order, of the day after the battle, in these words : "Gen. Dickinson and the militia of this State are also thanked for their nobleness in opposing the enemy on their march from Phila- delphia, and for the aid which they have given in embarra.ssing and impeding their motions so as to allow the Continental troops to come up with them." Maxwell commanded the Jersey Brigade of Conti- nentals, which behaved with great gallantry during the battle, and performed excellent service in annoy- ing the enemy in his retreat to Sandy Hook, this bri- gade, with Morgan's corps of riflemen, being sent for- ward on this last-named duty on the morning of the 29th when the enemy's absence was discovered. The departure of Clinton's army from Sandy Hook left New Jersey free from the presence of armed ene- mies upon her soil, and the militiamen of the State were then allowed to return to their homes, to re- main until some other exigency should require them to be again called to the field. The army of Wash- ington was moved from Monmouth to and across the Hudson River, and took position in Westchester Co., N. Y., awaiting developments as to the intentions of the British commander, who was quartered in New York City. The headquarters of Washington were at White Plains, from which point he narrowly watched Gen. Clinton, suspecting it to be the design of the latter to move into the New England States. " Sir Henry gave currency to the reports that such were his intentions until Washington moved his headquarters to Fredericksburg, near the Connecticut line, and turned his attention decidedly to the protection of the eastern coast. Clinton then sent foraging-parties into- I " Field-Book of the Eevolution," vol. ii. p. 364. HUNTEEDON AND SOMEKSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 73 New Jersey, and ravaged the whole country from the Hudson to the Raritan and heyond."* Finally, being convinced that the enemy had no designs on New England, Washington resolved to place his army in winter quarters at different points and in the most advantageous positions. This was done in December, 1778. The dispositions were made as follows : Five brigades were cantoned on the east side of the Hudson ; one brigade at West Point ; one at Smith's Cove, near Haverstraw; one at Elizabeth- town ; and seven brigades at and in the vicinity of Middlebrook, Somerset Co. ; the reserve artillery was quartered at Pluckamin. What has usually been termed the " camp at Middlebrook" was composed of three distinct cantonments. On the south side of the Raritan River, west of the Millstone road, and south of the residence of the late John Garretson, was located the encampment of the First, Second, and Seventeenth Regiments of Pennsylvania troops, form- ing the division of Gen. Anthony Wayne. A smaller cantonment was established along the hillside east of the gorge in which Chimney Rock stands. It is not clear as to who were the occupants of this encamp- ment. One account states that they were nearly or quite all officers of the several brigades, but this is improbable. The largest body of troops, in which was included the division of Gen. Greene, occupied a camping-ground on the northeast slope of Mount Pleasant, on lands of Derick Van Veghten, between Chimney Rock and the site of the present village of Somerville. The ground on which the encampment was located was then covered with a very heavy growth of timber, which is probably the reason why it was selected, for the forest would furnish fire-wood and logs for the erection of huts for the soldiers, while such part of it as was not felled for these purposes would form a very desirable protection against the winter winds. For nearly two months after the arrival of the army at this place the soldiers had only tents to shelter them, but they were soon set at work building cabins, which does not appear to have been accomplished by them with as much rapidity as similar work was done by the armies in the recent war of the Rebellion, for it was not until February that they were completed and occupied, as appears by the following extract from Thatcher's " Military Journal," — viz. : " Fehrwiry [1779.] — Having continued to live under cover of canvas tentB most of the winter, we have suffered severely from exposure to cold and storms. Our soldiers have been employed six or eight weeks in constructing log huts, which at length are completed ; and both offi- cers and soldiers are now under comfortable covering for the remainder of the winter. Log houses are constructed with the trunks of trees cut into various lengths, according to the size intended, and are firmly con- nected by notches cut at their extremities in the manner of dovetailing. The vacancies between the logs are filled in with plastering consisting of mud and clay. The roof is formed of similar pieces of timber and covered with hewn slabs. The chimney, situated at one end of the house, is made of similar but smaller timbers, and both the inner and outer sides are covered with clay plaster to defend the wood against the * Lossing. fire. The door and windows are formed by sawing away a part of the logs of a proper size, and move on wooden hinges. In this manner have our soldiers without nails, and almost without tools except the axe and saw, provided for theij- oflQcers and for themselves convenient and com- fortable quarters with little or no expense to the public. The huts are arranged in straight lines, forming a regular, uniform, compact village. The officers' huts are situated in front of the line, according to their rank, the kitchens in the rear, and the whole is similar in form to a tent encampment. The ground, for a considerable distance, in front of the soldiers' line of huts is cleared of wood, stumps, and rubbish, and is every morning swept clean for the purpose of a parade-ground and roll- call of the respective regiments. The officers' huts are in general di- vided into two apartments, and are occupied by three or four ofiBcere, who compose one mess. Those for the soldiers have but one room, and contain ten or twelve men, with their cabins placed one above the other against the walls and filled with straw, and one blanket for each man. I now occupy a hut with our field-ofl&cers. Col. Gibson, Lieut.-Col. Brent, and Maj. Meriweatber." " In Washington Valley," says Dr. Messier, "just east of the road as it rises up from the gorge below to the level of the surrounding country, artillery was placed, and a fort erected a few hundred yards to the northwest, to defend their position from any attack by way of the opening of the valley at Pluckamin. The remains of this earthwork are still visible in some degree. There was also along the old Raritan road, east of the road which crosses the old bridge over the Raritan River, a number of mechanic-shops, where repairing of ambulances, shoeing of horses, and such other operations as are necessary in connection with an army and a military encampment were done. These shops, as well as the camp-ground on Mount Pleasant, were on the land of Derick Van Veghten, and of course he suffered more damage in his property than any other individual in the vicinity. His wood- land was cut down for building the huts ; it was used for fuel, and for any other objects connected with the comfort of the troops ; but he bore the damage like a patriot. That he ever received any compensation is nowhere affirmed in any document, or even in any traditions coming down to us from the remembrances of these times. . . . The old Abraham Staats house, just below Bound Brook, on the east side of the turn- pike and near the river, in which Baron Steuben had his winter quarters in 1778-79, stands yet in a com- fortable state of preservation. Here that noble Prus- sian, whose love of liberty induced him to give the aid of his personal influence to our almost fainting cause, slept and thought and planned during those long winter nights when hope had hardly yet dawned upon the struggling efforts for American liberty." During the time that the army remained at Middle- brook, Gen. Washington and his lady occupied apart- ments which had been especially fitted up for their use in the then unfinished house of Caleb Miller, which is still standing and in good repair in the west part of the village of Somerville, near the place where the railroad crosses the road leading to Raritan vil- lage. The room occupied at that time by the com- mander-in-chief now remains in precisely the same condition in which it was when he left it. It was from this house that all his orders and dispatches dated 14: HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. " Headquarters, Middlebrook" were issued during the ■winter and spring of 1778-79, and it was also in this house that he conceived and matured the plans for the expedition which, under command of Gen. Sulli- van, moved from Easton, Pa., by way of Tioga Point, into the country of the Six Nations in 1779, and in- flicted summary punishment on those tribes for their share in the atrocities of Wyoming and Cherry Valley. One of the orders issued by the commander-in-chief from these headquarters, and bearing date Feb. 6, 1779, was as follows : "The commander-in-chief approves the order issued by Major-Gen. Lord Stirling* during his command at the camp, and thanks him for the endeavor to preserve order and discipline, and the property of the farm- ers in the vicinity of the camp. He douhts not but the officers of every rank, from a just sense of the importance of securing to others the bless- ings they themselves are contending for, will use their utmost vigilance to maintain those privileges and prevent abuses, and nothing can redound more to their personal honor and the reputation of their respective corps. "Alexander Scammil, But neither general orders nor the efforts of the officers proved effectual in preventing the depreda- tions of the soldiery on the inhabitants, until finally the sternest repressive measures became necessary, and were adopted, as is shown by the following ex- tract from Thatcher's " Military Journal," it being an account of a military execution which took place within the lines at this place for the crimes indicated, — viz. : "AprU 20^^ [1779]. — Five soldiers were conducted to the gallows, ac- cording to their sentence, for the crimes of desertion and robbing the inhabitants. A detachment of troops and a concourse of people formed a circle around the gallows, and the criminals were brought in a cart sit- ting on their coffins and halteiB about their necks. While in this awful situation, trembling on the verge of eternity, three of them received a pardon from the commander-in-chief, who is always tenderly disposed to spare the lives of his soldiers. They acknowledged the justice of their sentence and expressed their warmest thankfulness and gratitude for their merciful pardon. The two others were obliged to submit to their fate. One of them was accompanied to the fatal spot by an affectionate brother, which rendered the scene uncommonly distressing and forced tears of compassion from the eyes of numerous spectators. They repeatedly em- braced and kissed each other with all the fervor of brotherly love, and would not be separated until the executioner was obliged to perform bis duty; when, with a flood of tears and mournful lamentations, they bade each other an eternal adieu, the criminal trembling under the horrors of an untimely and disgraceful death, and the brother overwhelmed with sorrow and anguish for one whom he held most dear." The camp of the artillery brigade was located, as has been already mentioned, at Pluckamin, which was also the headquarters of Gen. Knox ; and there, on the 18th of February, was given, under the auspices of that general and his subordinate officers of the ar- tillery, a grand ball and supper, in celebration of the first anniversary of the signi,ng of the treaty of alli- ance between France and the United States. The affair, which appears to have been a brilliant one, was * Having reference to an order which had been previously issued by Lord Stirling directing that strict attention be paid to a certain resolution of Congress : " That all officers in the army of the United States be hereby strictly enjoined to see that the good and wholesome rules provided for the discontinuance of prolaneness and vice and the preservation uf morals among the soldiers are duly and punctually observed." thus noticed in one of the public journals of the time : " The anniversary of our alliance with France was celebrated on the 18th ultimo at Pluckamin at a very elegant entertainment and display of fireworks given by Gen. Knox and the officers of the corps of artil- lery. It was postponed to this late dayt on account of the commander- in-chief being absent from the camp. Gen. Washington, the principal officers of the army, with Mrs. Washington, Mrs. Greene, Mrs. Knox, and the ladies and gentlemen of a large circuit round the camp, were of the company. Besides these, there was a vast concourse of spectators from every part of the Jerseys. " The barracks of the artillery are at a small distance from Pluckamin, on a piece of rising ground, which shows them to great advantage. The entertainment and ball were held at the academyj of the park. About four o'clock in the afteruoon the celebration of the alliance was announced by the discharge of thirteen cannon, when the company assembled to a very elegant dinner. The room was spacious and the tables were prettily disposed, both as to prospect and convenience. The festivity was uni- versal and the toasts descriptive of the happy event which had given certainty to our liberties, empire, and independence. In the evening was exhibited a very fine set of fireworks, conducted by Col. Stevens, ar- ranged on the point of a temple one hundred feet in length and propor- tionately high. The temple showed thirteen arches, each displaying an illuminated painting. The centre arch was ornamented with a pediment larger than the others, and the whole edifice supported by a colonnade of the Corinthian order. [Here follows a description of the thirteen illuminated paintings, with their accompanying mottoes.] " When the fireworks were finished, the company returned to the academy and concluded the celebration by a very splendid ball. The whole was conducted in a style and manner that reflects great honor on the task of the managers." Thus, with something of festivity, but far more of privation, if not of actual suffering, the officers and men of the patriot army passed about six months of winter and spring in their encampments near Middle- brook and Pluckamin. That they remained there until June, 1779, is shown by a letter^ written by Gen. Washington to Governor Livingston, dated in that month (but without day), at "Headquarters, Middle- brook." The army, however, left its winter quarters about the first of that month, and reached the Hudson on the 7th. II Gen. Wayne moved from his encamp- ment, south of the Earitan, to the Hudson, where, on the 15th of July, he stormed and captured the British fortifications at Stony Point. " From this time," says Dr. Messier, " Somerset County ceased to be the rest- ing-place of armies fighting in the cause of liberty ; and the foot of a British soldier trod it no more except in one hasty visit (Col. Simcoe's raid in 1779), which is to be related." The succeeding operations of the American army during that year were carried on along the Hudson Eiver above New York. f The treaty of alliance was concluded on the 6th of February, 1778, which was of course the day on which the anniversary celebration would have taken place but for the absence of the commander-in-chief. t " The exact locality of the ' academy' tradition fixes on the east side of the village street, a short distance north of the late Boylan residence, and the edge of the wood on the farm of the late Dr. Henry Vander- veer," — Dr. Measler. i § N. J. Kev. Corr., p. 172, II " As soon as Washington was advised of this movement (the passage of the British fleet up the Hudson for the supposed purpose of attacking the forts in the Highlands), he drew his troops from their cantonments in New Jersey, and by rapid marches reached the Clove on the 7th, with five brigades and two Carolina regiments. He pressed forward to Smith's Clove, whence tliere were moonlaiii-passes to the forts in the Higlilanda, and there he encamped." — Lossmy'a Field-Book, vol. ii. p. 212. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 75 In the latter part of October, 1779, a party of British troops made a foray into Somerset County, penetrating as far as Millstone, doing a considerable amount of damage, and partially accomplishing the object for which they came. This expedition is usually men- tioned as " Simcoe's raid," because the exploit was performed by a force of men under command of Lieut.- Col. Simcoe, of the British army. The account of it given below is drawn partly from Simcoe's own report, and partly from a narrative of the aifair written by the late Hon. Ralph Voorhees. The force under command of Col. Simcoe on this expedition consisted of men belonging to a somewhat celebrated corps known as the " Queen's Rangers," which was mostly made up of native Americans, Tories, enlisted into the corps in Westchester Co., N. Y., and in neighboring portions of Connecticut. Col. Simcoe had assumed command of this body in 1777, and afterwards brought it up to a condition of excellent discipline and great efficiency. The strength of the force detailed from the " Rangers" for this par- ticular service was about eighty men, who, embarking at Billop's Point in the night of the 25th of October, were landed at Elizabethtown Point at about three o'clock in the morning of the 26th, when, the column having formed and moved out a short distance on the road, Simcoe announced to his officers the object of the expedition, which was to proceed swiftly to Van Veghten's bridge over the Raritan (near the present railway-station of Finderne), there to destroy a number of flat-boats which Washington had left in the river at that point,* and, having done this, to cross the river and proceed to Millstone, take the Amwell road, and follow it till they came to a house at a corner of a road diverging from it to the south and leading into the Princeton road running from that place to New Brunswick. Their object was thus to make a circuit around New Brunswick, so as to avoid contact with any American troops that might be stationed in the vicinity of that town; but after passing New Brunswick, and having arrived at the heights on which stood the " Grenadier Redoubt" (which had been built by the British during their occupancy of the place in 1776 and 1777), they were "to discover themselves" to the American militia for the purpose of inducing the latter to follow them, in which case they were to retreat to South River Bridge, which they were not to destroy or to cross, but to form an ambush near its western approach (in which they were to be supported by a body of British infantry which had been ordered to that place, under command of Maj. Armstrong), for the purpose of entrapping and, if possible, capturing their American pursuers. This, in brief, was the general plan of the expedition. * Fifty boats had been built, by Waahington's orders, on the Delaware, and hauled across the country on wheels to Van Veghten's bridge on the Baritan. They were intended to be used for crossing to New Tork, and were capable of carrying seventy men each. About one-third of tbem now remained at the bridge. Setting out from Elizabethtown, the raiders pro- ceeded to Quibbletown (afterwards known as New Market) without any notable incident except the cap- ture of a prisoner. " Capt. Sanford's men formed the advance-guard, the hussars followed, andStewart'sraen were in the rear, making, in the whole, about eighty. A Justice Crow was soon overtaken ; Lieut.-Col. Simcoe accosted him roughly, called him ' Tory,' nor seemed to believe his excuse when, in the American idiom for courtship, he said ' he had only been a-spark- ing,' but sent him to the rear-guard, who, being Americana, easily comprehended their instructions and kept up the justice's belief that the party was a detachment from Washington's army. Many planta- tions were now passed by, the inhabitants of which were up, and whom the party accosted with friendly salutations. At Quibbletown, Lieut.-Col. Simcoe had just quitted the advance-guard to speak to Lieut. Stewart,! when, from a public-house on the turn of the road, some people came out with knapsacks on their shoulders, bearing the appearance of a rebel guard. Capt. Sanford did not see them till he had passed by, when, checking his horse to give notice, the hussars were reduced to a momentary halt oppo- site the house. Perceiving the supposed guard, they threw themselves off their horses, sword in hand, and entered the house. Lieut.-Col. Simcoe instantly made them remount, but they failed to discover some thou- sand pounds of paper money which had been taken from a passenger, the master of a privateer, nor could he stay to search for it. He told the man ' that he would be answerable to give him his money that night at Brunswick, where he should quarter,' ex- claimed aloud to his party, ' that these were not the Tories they were in search of, although they had knapsacks,' and told the country people who were as- sembling around ' that a party of Tories had made their escape from Sullivan's army, and were trying to get into Staten Island, as HiS (who had been defeated near this very spot, taken, and executed) had formerly done, and that he was sent to intercept them.' The sight of Justice Crow would probably have aided in deceiving the inhabitants ; but, unfortunately, a man personally knew Lieut.-Col. Simcoe, and an express was sent to Governor Livingston, then at Brunswick, as soon as the party marched. " The party was now conducted by a country lad whom they fell in with, and to whom Capt. Sanford (being dressed in red and without his cloak) had been introduced as a French officer. He gave information that the greater part of the boats had been sent on to Washington's camp, but that eighteen were at Van Vacter's [Van Veghten's] bridge, and that their horses were at a farm about a mile from it. He led the party to an old camp of Washington's, above t " Lient. Stewart was a native of Somerset County, a partisan royalist, and extensively known as ' Tory Jim.' If he had been recognized any- where about Bound Brook or Earitan, it would not have been well for him." — Dr. Messier. 76 HUNTEKDON AND SOMEESET COUNTIES, NEW JEKSEY. Bound Brook* Lieut.-Col. Simcoe's instructions were to burn these huts, if possible, in order to give as wide an alarm to the Jerseys as he could. He found it impracticable to do so, they not being joined in ranges, nor built of very combustible materials. He proceeded without delay to Bound Brook, whence he intended to carry off Col. Moyland ; but he was not at Mr. Van Horn's.f Two officers who had been ill were there; their paroles were taken, and they ordered to mark ' sick quarters' over the room-door they inhabited, which was done ; and Mr. Van Horn was informed that the party was the advance-guard of the left column of the army which was commanded by Gen. Birch, who meant to quarter that night at his house, and that Sir Henry Clinton was in full march for Morristown with the army." From Bound Brook the raiders proceeded rapidly to Van Veghten's bridge, where " Lieut.-Col. Simcoe found eighteen new flat-boats upon carriages; they were full of water. He was determined efiectually to destroy them. Combustibles had been applied for, and he received in consequence a few port-fires ; every hussar had a hand-grenade, and several hatchets were brought with the party. The timbers of the boats were cut through, they were filled with straw and railing, and, some grenades being fastened in them, they were set on fire. Forty minutes were em- ployed in this business. The country began to as- semble in their rear, and, as Lieut.-Col. Simcoe went to the ' Dutch meeting,' where the harness and some stores were reported to be, a rifle-shot was fired at him from the opposite bank of the river." The dis- patch which had been sent to Governor Livingston at New Brunswick had had the desired efiect. The Governor had sent out express-riders to alarm the country, and the people were preparing to give the marauders a warm reception. The " Dutch meeting" mentioned in Simcoe's nar- rative was the old edifice of the church of Raritan, built in 1721. It stood on the north side of the river, about six hundred yards below the bridge. This church-building they burned, together with a few military stores which it contained. They then re- turned, crossed the bridge, went to Millstone, and there burned the Somerset County court-housej with its contents. That building stood about twelve rods west of the present Millstone bridge. They burned also a house and shop belonging to Cornelius Lott (valued at six hundred and twenty pounds ten shil- lings and eleven pence), and at the same time a house and kitchen belonging to William Cox. From thence the troopers followed the Amwell road towards New Brunswick, intending, when they should come to the house above mentioned as (supposed to be) standing * One of the encampments of Washington's army during the preceding winter ; situated on the hillside east of Chimney Kock. t Col. Moyland had married a daughter of Philip Van Horn, and il was supposed he might be found there on a visit to his wife. t October 27, 1779. at the corner of the junction of the Amwell road with the highway leading to the Princeton road, to take to the right. The house they were looking for was that of Garret Voorhees, which had stood at the place named, but had been burned two years before by the British. The guide which they had impressed at Quibbletown supposed he knew the place perfectly well, but he was ignorant of the fact that the house had been burned, and he therefore unwittingly led them astray. So they continued, in consequence of this mistake, to follow the Amwell road until they came within two miles of New Brunswick. " Alarm-guns were now heard, and some shots were fired at the rear, particularly by one person, who, as it afterwards appeared, being out a shooting, and hearing of the incursion, had sent word to Governor Livingston, who was at Brunswick, that he would follow the party at a distance and then give a shot, that he might know which way they directed their march. Passing by some houses, Lieut.-Col. Simcoe told the women to inform four or five people who were pursuing the rear ' that if they fired another shot he would burn every house which he passed.' A man or two were now slightly wounded. As the party approached Brunswick, Lieut.-Col. Simcoe began to be anxious for the cross-road diverging from it into the Princeton road which he meant to pursue, and which having once arrived at, he himself knew the by-ways to the heights he wished to attain, where, having frequently done duty, he was minutely ac- quainted with every advantage and circumstance of the ground. His guide was perfectly confident that he was not yet arrived at it; and Lieut.-Col. Simcoe was in earnest conversation with him, and making the necessary inquiries, when a shot, at some little distance, discovered there was a party in front. He immediately galloped thither, and he sent back Wright, his orderly sergeant, to acquaint Capt. San- ford ' that the shot had not been fired at the party,' when on the right at some distance he saw the rail- fence (which was very high on both sides of the nar- row road between two woods) somewhat broken down and a man or two near it, when, putting his horse on the canter, he joined the advance men of the hussars, determining to pass through this opening, so as to avoid every ambuscade that might be laid for him, or attack, upon more equal terms. Col. Lee (whom 'he understood to be in the neighborhood, and appre- hended might be opposed to him), or any other party, when he saw some men concealed behind logs and bushes between him and the opening he meant to pass through, and he heard the words ' Now, now !' and found himself, when he recovered his 'senses, prisoner with the Americans, his horse being killed with five bullets, and himself stunned by the violence of his fall." An American party under command of Capt. Guest had formed an ambuscade, near De Mott's tavern two miles west of New Brunswick, and upon the advance HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 77 of the British Rangers had fired upon them, killing the colonel's horse and taking Simcoe himself prisoner in the manner above stated. The remainder of the party were pursued by the Americans, one of whom, Capt. Peter G. Voorhees, in his zeal advanced ahead of his men, and in attempting to leap a fence at George's road, at the head of Town lane, his horse became entangled, and the British, on coming up, fell upon him and hacked him most terribly with their sabres. He was taken to New Brunswick, and died there a few hours afterwards. He was a brother-in- law of Col. John Neilson, and was a young man most highly esteemed. He was a brave officer in the regu- lar army, having entered it at the commencement of the war. At the time of his death he was a captain in the First Eeginient of New Jersey Continental troops, commanded by Col. Ogden. Col. Simcoe was concealed, during the night suc- ceeding his capture, in a store-house in New Bruns- wick to prevent the enraged people from killing him in revenge for the cruel treatment which Voorhees had received at the hands of the British troops. He was removed from thence to Burlington, where he re- mained a prisoner until exchanged.* After Simcoe was taken prisoner his demoralized command made all haste to reach the appointed ren- dezvous at South River bridge, where they found the infantry, under Maj. Armstrong, who had come promptly up, as agreed, and had taken two American prisoners, — Dr. Ryker and Mr. John Polhemus. The advantages they had gained by the expedition were hardly great enough to outweigh the loss of their leader, — a result which came from their guide's ig- norance of the fact of the previous burning of Garret Voorhees' house. Otherwise they would have taken the circuitous route intended by them, would have probably arrived at South River in safety with their commander at their head, and might have succeeded in drawing the Americans into their ambush and capturing them, as contemplated in the original plan. In the memoirs of Col. Lee (the celebrated " Light- Horse Harry") the following opinion is expressed in * "When Col. Simcoe'e horse was shot under him and he himself thrown violently to the gronnd and rendered insensible, James Schureman, of New Brunswick, saved his life by thrusting aside the bayonet of a sol- dier of the militia who attempted to stah him ; he was braced up against a tree, and Dr. Jonathan Ford Morris, afterwards of Somerville, then a student of medicine in New Brunswick, bled him, and administered such restoratives as could be ohtaioed. ^He was then taken to New Brunswick and properly cared for. He recovered and was exclianged, entered on his command again, and was present with his corps, the Queen's Bangers, at Spencer's Ordinary, on James River, July, 1781, at King's Bridge, Janu- ary, 1778, and at Oyster Bay, Long Island, 1778-79, where there was liter- ally a 'nest of Tories,' of whom William Franklin, late Governor of New Jersey, was chief. He became, after the Revolution, Governor of Upper Canada, and wrote to inquire for the young man who had so kindly and humanely assisted him at X>e Mott's tavern, and again, a second time, to Dr. Morris himself, thanking him for his attentions, and offering him advancement and active assistance provided he would visit him in Canada, which Dr. Morris saw reasons to decline. Simcoe died in Eng- land in 1806, and has a mural monument with several sculptured figures in Exeter Cathedral, executed by Flaxman, the famous English sculp- tor." — Dr. Abraham Meaaler. reference to the Simcoe expedition, and the manner of its execution : " This enterprise was considered by both armies as among the hand- somest exploits of the war. Simcoe executed completely his object (then deemed very important), and traversed the country from Elizabethtown Point to South Amboy, flfty-flve miles, in the course of the night and morning, passing through a most hostile region of armed citizens, neces- sarily skirmishing Brunswick, a military station, proceeding not more than eight or nine miles from the legion of Lee, his last point of danger, and which became increased from the debilitated condition to which his troops were reduced by previous fatigue. What is very extraordinary, Lieut.-Col. Simcoe, being obliged to feed [his horses] once in the course of the night, stopped at a depot of forage collected for the Continental army, assumed the character of Lee's cavalfy, waked up the commissary about midnight, drew the customary allowance of forage, and gave the usual vouchers, signing the name of the legion quartermaster without being discovered by the Ainerican forage commissary or his assistants. The dress of both corps was thesame, — green coatees and leather breeches, — yet the success of the stratagem was astonishing." About the 20th of December, 1779, the army went into winter quarters, — the northern division, under command of Gen. Heath, locating on the east side of the Hudson below West Point, and the main body, with the commander-in-chief, at Morristown. No events of importance pertinent to the history of Som- erset and Hunterdon Counties occurred in the year which succeeded. The dispatches and orders of Wash- ington during that time were dated from " Head- quarters Morristown," "Headquarters Springfield,'' " Headquarters Rockaway," " Headquarters Rama- paugh," " Headquarters Orangetown," " Headquarters near the Liberty Pole," and from several other places. Many of these mention great scarcity of supplies for the army, the slowness with which new troops were furnished by New Jersey, the necessity of im- mediate drafting, the hardships endured by officers of the army on account of the depreciation of the currency, which rendered their pay insufficient for their barest necessities, the alarming condition of the affairs of the country, and other similar subjects. During the year (in January, 1870) Lord Stirling commanded a partially successful expedition to Staten Island ; a British force of about five thousand men, under Gen. Knyphausen, crossed (June 6th) from Staten Island to Elizabethtown Point, and advanced towards the interior, but was driven back to the Point ; again, on the 23d of June, a larger force, under Sir Henry Clinton, advanced from the same place to Springfield and burned the town, but, being resolutely met by the Continental troops and the Jersey militia, deemed it prudent to retire, which he did the same day, and crossed back to Staten Island. On the 4th of July the ladies of Trenton met in that town " for the purpose of promoting a subscription for the relief and encouragement of those brave men in the Conti- nental army who, stimulated by example and regard- less of danger, have so repeatedly suffered, fought, and bled in the cause of virtue and their oppressed coun- try, and, taking into consideration the scattered situ- ation of the well disposed throughout the State who would wish to contribute to so laudable an undertak- ing, for the purpose of the convenience of such and 78 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. the more effectually to carry their scheme into execu- tion, unanimously appointed Mrs. Cox, Mrs. Dickin- son, Mrs. Forman, and Miss Cadwallader a commit- tee whose duty it was immediately to open a subscrip- tion and correspond with the ladies, hereinafter named, of the different counties throughout the State, request- ing their aid and influence in the several districts," the ladies so named to form a committee to promote subscriptions. The committee for Hunterdon County were Mrs. Vice-President Stevens, Mrs. Judge Smith, Mrs. Charles Cox, Mrs. E. Stevens, Mrs. Hanna, Mrs. Lowery, Mrs. I. Sexton, Mrs. B. Van Cleve, Mrs. Col. Berry, Mrs. Dr. Barnes ; county of Somerset, Lady Stirling, Mrs. Gen. Morris, Mrs. Col. Martin, Mrs. Attorney-Gen. Paterson, Mrs. E. Stockton. In the same month (June, 1780) a large force of French troops arrived, under Gen. Count Eo- chambeau, to take the field as auxiliaries of the Americans, and to operate under the orders of Wash- ington, who thereupon projected a joint attack on the British in New York, but afterwards aban- doned the project. On the Hudson the most notable events of the year were the culmination of Arnold's treason and the capture of the unfortunate Maj. Andre. Early in December the American army went into winter quarters. In the summer of 1781 the American army and its French allies concentrated on the Hudson Elver, for the purpose, as it was understood, of making a com- bined attack on the British in the city of New York. They remained in the vicinity of Dobbs' Ferry for about six weeks, during which time Washington aban- doned the project (if he ever entertained it seriously) of attacking the city, and resolved instead to move the armies to Virginia to operate against Cornwallis. He, however, concealed his new plan, and wrote letters containing details of his pretended object to move against the city, intending that these should fall into the hands of Sir Henry Clinton. The result was as he had intended it to be. The letters were intercepted and taken to Clinton, who was completely deceived by them, and, continuing to watch the American force on the Hudson, failed to reinforce Cornwallis, as the latter had requested him to do. Meanwhile, Washington completed his preparations, and in the latter part of August crossed the Hudson at Verplanck's Point with the American and French armies, and marched rap- idly across New Jersey to Trenton, some of the troops passing through the Eamapo valley and Morristown, and others passing the Eingwood Iron-Works. The French forces took the route by the Hackensack val- ley to Newark and Perth Amboy, at which place they built ovens, constructed boats, collected forage, and made other movements indicating an intention to move on New York; but these were suddenly aban- doned, and the march was resumed to Trenton, where all the forces arrived before Clinton was aware of the significance of the movement. The American columns which took the upper route must haTe moved throuo-h Somerset and Hunterdon, though the points which they passed in their march through these counties are not precisely known. Crossing the Delaware at Trenton and the neigh- boring ferries in the morning of September 1st, the armies marched on towards Philadelphia, which city they passed through on the 2d, and on the 14th of September reached Williamsburg, Va., from which point Washington and Eochambeau went on board the French flag-ship the " Ville de Paris," in the York Eiver, and there, with the French admiral, Count de Grasse, concerted the plan of the campaign which ended in the surrender of Lord Cornwallis with his army at Yorktown on the 19th of October. The march of Washington's forces from the Hudson on their way to Yorktown in August, 1781, was the last movement of an army across the territory of Som- erset and Hunterdon Counties during the Eevolution- ary conflict, unless we may count as such the return of the New England and New Jersey troops, a few months later, after the surrender of Cornwallis ren- dered their presence in Virginia no longer necessary. The commander-in-chief, however, passed this way several times afterwards before the close of the war, the most memorable of these visits being made in the autumn of 1783, under the following-named circum- stances: The preliminary articles of the treaty of peace between the United States and Great Britain were signed on the 30th of November, 1782, the treaty to take effect on the 20th of January following. The cessation of hostilities was formally proclaimed on the 19th of April. Then arose the question of how the army could be disbanded in safety, for Congress was without means to pay the soldiers, and there was, on that account, a general dissatisfaction among both ofli- cers and men, and this was accompanied, in some quarters, by open threats of mutiny and violence. A band of Pennsylvania troops who had been discharged at the expiration of their term of service without re- ceiving their full arrears of pay became violent and insubordinate, and in spite of the remonstrances of their officers a body of them marched from Lancaster to Philadelphia with the avowed purpose of forcing from the Continental Congress (which was then in ses- sion in that city) or from the Executive Council of the State a redress of their grievances. There were only about eighty of the malcontents, but on their arrival in Philadelphia, on the 20th of June, they were joined by other soldiers in the barracks of the city, by which means the whole number was increased to about three hundred, and with this augmented force they moved to the State-House, where both the Congress and the Council of the State were assembled. They proceeded at once to place guards at every door, and their leaders sent in a written message to the president and Council of Pennsylvania, to the effect that if their demands were not acceded to within twenty minutes the infuri- ated soldiery would be marched into the building and HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 79 let loose upon both bodies. Tbe threat was not, how- ever, carried into execution, and the mutiny was finally quelled. It was more the State Council than Congress that was the object of their resentment, hut the mem- bers of Congress considered that their body had been grossly insulted, — rhaving been kept under duress for more than three hours, — and they at once resolved to adjourn from Philadelphia to Princeton, N. J. This was accordingly done, and in pursuance of the resolu- tion they convened in the library-room of Nassau Hall, at Princeton, on the 26th of the same month, and continued there during the remainder of the ses- sion. Some time after the removal to Princeton the president of Congress wrote to Gen. Washington, at Newburg-on-the-Hudson, asking his attendance be- fore that body to consult on the arrangements for peace, the disbandment of the army, and other public concerns. Leaving the army on the Hudson in com- mand of Gen. Knox, he at once repaired to Princeton and reported to Congress, when he was addressed by the president, who congratulated him on the success of the war in which he had acted so prominent and brilliant a part. In this address he said, — " In other natione many have performed eminent services for which they have deserved the thanksof the public. But to you, sir, peculiar praise is due. Tour servicea have been essential in acquiring and estab- lishing the freedom and independence of your country. They deserve the grateful acknowledgmenta of a free and independent nation." To this address the general made a brief and modest reply, and then retired. Washington remained in attendance upon Congress until. the early part of November,* and during this tiroe he occupied as headquarters a house which had been provided for his use at Rocky Hill, in Somerset County, some three or four miles from Princeton.f It was the residence of Judge John Berrien, located on elevated ground about a quarter of a mile east of the river, on the right hand of the road as it ascends from Rocky Hill village to the top of the hill towards Kingston. It is still standing, in much the same con- dition that it was in the days of the Revolution, ex- cepting that a veranda which formerly extended along the entire south side of the building has since been demolished. It belonged to the estate of the late William Cruser for many years, and is now owned by David J. Mount, Esq. The room occupied by Wash- ington as his headquarters and oflce remains just as he left it, and ia kept for inspection by visitors. It was in this room that he received the committees, members of Congress, and other dignitaries in con- ferences on public affairs, and it was also in this room that he wrote his farewell orders and address to the armies of the United States. In that address, which • When he returned to Newburg, and thence, upon the evacuation of New York by the British (November 25th), moved his headquarters to that city. t " We have it from tradition that there was assigned to Gen. Wash- ington while he was in the village [Princeton], attending upon Congress, a room in A. L. Martin's present residence."— Hoffeman's EUlori/ of Princeton. was issued from the headquarters at Rocky Hill on the 2d of November, 1783, he referred to the procla- mation of Congress of the 18th of October applaud- ing the armies for their virtue, fortitude, and magna- nimity, giving them the thanks of the country for their long and faithful services, and ordering their discharge from service after the 3d of November, and said,— " It only remains for the commander-in-chief to address himself once more, and that for the last time, to the armies of the United States (how- ever widely dispersed the individuals who composed them may be), and to bid them an affectionate, a long, farewell. But before the commander-in- cliief takes his final leave of those he holds most dear, he wishes to indulge himself a few moments in calling to mind a slight review of the past ; he will then take the liberty of exploring with his military friends their fu- ture prospects, — of advising the general line of conduct which, in his opin- ion, ought to be pursued ; and he will conclude the address by expressing the obligation he feels himselfunder for the spirited and able assistance he " has experienced from them in the performance of an arduous office. . . . And, being now to conclude these his last public orders, to take his ultimate leave in a short time of the military character, and to bid a final adiea to the armies lie has so long had the honor to command, he can only again offer in their behalf his recommendation to their grateful country and his prayers to the God of armies. May ample justice be done them here, and may the choicest of Heaven's favors, both here and hereafter, attend those who, under the Divine auspices, have secured innumerable bless- ings for others 1 With these wishes, and this benediction, the com- mander-in-chief is about to retire from the service. The curtain of sep- aration will soonlje drawn, and the military scene, to him, will he closed forever." THE CUKRENCT. The currency had become largely depreciated. The dollar which in 1777 was worth seven shillings and sixpence, in 1780 passed for only threepence. We have had the use of an old list made as a memoran- dum of this progress of the downfall of the circulating medium, and append it as a curiosity. September, 1777, the Continental dollars passed for seven shil- lings and sixpence ; October, ten shillings ; Novem- ber, six shillings and threepence; December, five shillings and eightpence ; January, 1778, five shil- lings and twopence; February, four shillings and eightpence; March, four shillings and threepence; April, three shillings and ninepence; May, three shillings and threepence; June, two shillings and tenpence ; July, two shillings and sixpence; August, two shillings and twopence ; September, one shilling and ten and one-halfpence; October, one shilling and seven and one-half pence ; November, one shil- ling and fourpence ; December, one shilling and two- pence; January, 1779, one shilling; February, ten and one-half pence ; March, ninepence ; AprU, eight- pence; May, seven and one-half pence; June, six and one-third pence; July, sixpence; August, five and one-half pence ; September, fivepence ; October, four and one-half pence ; November, fourpence ; De- cember, three and one-half pence; January, 1780, threepence ; February, threepence ; March, two and one-half pence ; and up to the 18th of May, 1780, two and one-tenth pence, and then nothing. How the people managed, in such a state of things, to sell or traffic at all is a mystery, and how the armies were kept in the field is almost a miracle. It is only an- 80 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. other confirmation of the adage, " what is to be done will be done." Robert Morris' immense fortune was often the only confidence which floated the Conti- nental currency and kept the armies in the field. PATBIOTISM UNDER WAR BURDENS, The following minutes of a public meeting at Mill- stone, about July, 1779, are interesting as evidence of the pressure of the burdens of the war, and the patri- otic spirit in which it was proposed to meet them : "At a meeting of the electors of the County of Somerset, pursuant to notice by advertisement on Thursday, 3d Inst., at the Court-House of said county, "The buBineas of the meeting being introduced and iliscussed, the fol- lowing resolutions were adopted : " Whereas, The concurrance of a variety of causes, the bills of credit emitted under authority of the United States in Congress assembled, have greatly depreciated in their value, and in addition to the quantity circu- lating will tend to increase such depreciation ; therefore " Besolved^ That a petition be presented to the Legislature, requesting them to make application to Congress on behalf of this State, that the emission of bills of credit be henceforth discontinued. " Resolved, That the Legislature be requested to make application aa aforesaid, that a plau be adopted and recommended for a general limita- tion of prices throughout the United States, according to which such prices may be diminished slowly from the present time or at stated pe- riods and by small differences, until the quantity of money be reduced by taxation to what is necessary for a circulating medium. *'Aiid whereas, Taxation is the most natural and beneficial source from which to derive the supplies necessary for supporting the army and carrying on the war, "Resolved, That the Legislature be requested to make application as aforesaid that requisitions of taxes be henceforward made on the States for the above purposes; and that to avoid as far as possible the expense of purchasing in the modes hitherto practiced, and the necessity of such large circulations of money through the public treasury, a just quota of provisions, forage, and other necesaariea for the army be laid upon each State in such kind as they are severally suited to produce, to be paid in the way of tax at regulated prices by those who raise them, while those who do not, pay a fair proportion in money. "Resolved, That it be expressed to the Legislature as the sense of this meeting that on levying all future taxes and aids for the use of the State and Union in general, the assessments be made according to the value of all property possessed by each individual, it being reasonable that persons should be taxed for their money, their income, the faculty and means of acquiring property, or for any estate whatsoever. *' Whereas, There is great reason to believe that many persons em- ployed in various branches of the public department of the United States are guilty of mismanagement and fraud in the execution of their trust and applying the public money, and there being no ready and regular mode presented by public authority, of which such as are disposed may avail themselves, to furnish the necessary information to those who have the power to correct such abuses and thereby prevent unnecessary in- crease of the pubhc burdens, "Resolved, That the Legislature be requested to direct some conve- nient and adequate means of collecting and transmitting to Congress, or to such Board or Committee by them appointed as may be adequate in point of jurisdiction, or to the executive power of the State in cases where that is competent, all such authentic evidences and documents as can be procured, that the guilty may be punished and the faithful ser- vants of the public may be rescued from that indiscriminate censure which the bad and unworthy bring upon all, and that we will exert our utmost endeavors for effecting so laudable a purpose. •' Wliereas, Virtue and good morals are notonly productive of individual happiness, but have a great and extensive good effect upon the political state of every government when they are cultivated, "Resolved, That we will by our example and influence endeavor to promote these, and will look upon it as the course of duty to support and strengthen the arm of the civil authority in detecting and bringing to deserved punishment all such as are guilty of profanity, immorality, ex- travagance, idleness and dissipation, of extortion, sharping and oppres- sion, and of all such practices as tend to the unjust advantage of individ- uals and detriment of the community. " Ordered, That a representation and petition to the Legislature be drawn up pursuant to these resolutions and signed by the chainnan, and that the representatives of this county be requested to lay the same be- fore the respective house. " Extracted from the minutes of proceedings and published by order. " Wm. C. Haston, " Chairman." RECORD OF PROCESSES AGAINST FORFEITED ESTATES IN SOMERSET, 1779. The following is but a sample of many of the in- quisitions of the courts of both Hunterdon and Som- erset Counties during the Revolutionary period : "Somerset, to wU. The State of New Jersey to Jacob Berger, Frederick Frelinghuysen, and Hendrick Willson, commissioners duly appointed for said county on the part and behalf of the said State to take and dis- pose of for the use and benefit of the same, the estates of certain fugitives and offenders in the said county, or to any two or more of them, greet- ing: " Whereas, Lately, that is to say of the term of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-nine, in the Court of Common Pleas held at Hillsborough, in and for said county of Somerset, before the judges of the same court, find judgment was had and entered in favour of the said State of New Jereey, pursuant to Law, against Rich- ard Compton, Junior, late of the county of Somerset, on an inquisition found against the said Richard Compton for joining the army of the King of Great Britain & returned to the said court, as may fully ap- pear of record; you are therefore commanded and enjoined to sell and dispose of all and singular the lands, tenements, & Hereditaments held in fee or for term of life, and generally all the estate real, of what nature or kind soever, belonging or lately belonging to the said Richard Compton, within the said county of Somerset, according to the direction of an Act for forfeiting to and vesting in the State of New Jersqy the real estate of certain Fugitives & Offenders, made and passed the eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight. " Witness, Peter Schenk, Esq', Judge of the said Court, at Hillsbor- ough, the first Tuesday of January, in the year of our Lord [one thou- sand]* seven hundred & seventy-nine. "By the court, " Frelinghtjtsen, "Ctk. " Recorded April 1, 1779." CHAPTER YIL HTJNTERDOlSr AND SOMERSET COTJTsTTIES IW THE BEVOLUTIOIsr (Continued). Continental Troops, First Establishment— Second Establishment— The "Jersey Line"— Recruiting-Officers and Muster-Masters— Regiments raised, and Their Officers— Militia— The Quotas of the Two Counties — " Minute-Men"— Roster of Field- and Staff-OiBcers- Roster of Rev- olutionary Soldiers from these (bounties, who served in the State Mili- tia, and Continental Army. TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE TWO COUNTIES DUR- ING THE WAR. The first Continental troops of the "Jersey Line," raised in 1775, were two battalions, designated the Eastern and Western, and subsequently the First and Second, Battalions. The First was commanded by Col. William Alexander (Lord Stirling), and, after his promotion to be brigadier-general, by Lieut.-Col. William Winds, who was raised to the rank of colo- * A clerical eiTor. HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION! 81 nel ; the Second by Col. William Maxwell. The following year a third battalion was added, which was placed under the command of Col. Elias Dayton. In the fall of this year (1776) a " second establishment" of troops from New Jersey for the Continental army was made, embracing four battalions, commanded by Cols. Silas Newcomb (succeeded by Col. Matthias Og- den), Isaac Shreve, Elias Dayton, and Ephraim Mar- tin. These formed " Maxwell's Brigade," commanded by Gen. (late colonel) William Maxwell. A new arrangement of the American army was ef- fected in 1778, under which, and during the campaign of 1779, the " Jersey Line" embraced three battalions. Feb. 9, 1780, Congress called upon this State for six- teen hundred and twenty men to supply the defi- ciency, in which volunteers were called for, large bounties offered, and recruiting-officers appointed for the several counties, those for Hunterdon and Som- erset being Capt. John Mott and Capt. Nathaniel Porter, the quota of Hunterdon being eighty-four, and of Somerset fifty-four men. The "muster-masters" were Maj. Joseph Brearley for Hunterdon County, and Col. Frederick Frelinghuysen for Somerset. The three regiments thus raised were commanded by Cols. Matthias Ogden, Isaac Shreve, and Elias Dayton, re- spectively. Each regiment contained six companies, and they were commanded as follows : First Megiment. — Capts. Jonathan Forman, John Flahaven, Giles Mead, Alexander Mitchell, Peter G. Voorhees, and John Holmes. /Second Regiment. — Capts. John Hollingshead, John N. Cumming, Samuel Reading, Nathaniel Bowman, Jonathan Phillips, and William Helms. Third Regiment. — Capts. John Ross, William Gif- ford, Richard Cox, Jeremiah Ballard, Joseph I. An- derson, and Bateman Lloyd: Gen. Maxwell continued to command the Jersey Brigade until July, 1780, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Col. Elias Dayton, as senior officer, who commanded the same until the close of the war. The news of the cessation of hostilities was an- nounced in the camp of the brigade April 19, 1783, and the Jersey Line was discharged November 3d of that year. MILITIA. At various times during the war New Jersey, by reason of its being continually exposed to the incur- sions of the British and the ravages of refugees and Indians, found it necessary to embody, as occasion required, a certain quota of volunteers from the mili- tia of the different counties. These men were held liable to duty when needed, not only in this but in adjoining States. These organizations were called " New Jersey Levies," " Five Months' Levies," but most generally designated as " State Troops." Hun- terdon and Somerset Counties furnished the follow- ing: Under the act, passed Nov. 27, 1776, for the raising of four battalions, Somerset sent two companies, Hun- terdon four. Of the battalion, comprising these six companies and two from Sussex, David Chambers was colonel, Jacob West lieutenant-colonel, and Enos Kelsey major. Under the call of Oct. 9, 1779, for four thousand volunteers to continue in service until Dec. 20, 1779, one regiment of ten companies was raised in Somer- set, Sussex, Morris, and Bergen, and another regiment of equal size in Hunterdon and Burlington Counties. Other calls were made,— viz., June 7th and 14th, for six hundred and twenty-four men each, whose term was to expire Jan. 1, 1781 ; and Dec. 26, 1780, for eight hundred and twenty-four men, whose term was to expire Jan. 1, 1782 ; Dec. 29, 1781, four hundred and twenty-two men, for service until Dec. 15, 1782. On June 3, 1775, the Provincial Congress of New Jersey passed an act providing a " plan for regulating the militia of the colony." This plan was still further considered and amended Aug. 16, 1775. After that date all officers were ordered to be commissioned by the Provincial Congress or the Committee of Safety. In the assignment then ordered Hunterdon had four and Somerset two regiments. " Minute-men" having been raised in Somerset and two other counties, in obedience to the recommendation of Continental Con- gress, this ordinance [of Aug. 16, 1775] ordered the several counties to furnish them, ranging from one to eight companies each, the assignment for Somerset being five, and for Hunterdon eight companies, — being one-sixth of the number raised in the whole State. These companies of " minute-men" were " held in constant readiness, on the shortest notice, to march to any place where assistance might be required, for the defense of this or any neighboring colony." They were to continue in service four months. Their uni- form was a hunting-frock, similar to that of the rifle- men in the Continental service. In February, 1776, the Committee of Safety of New York called upon the Provincial Congress for a de- tachment of militia to assist in arresting Tories in Queens Co., L. I., and Staten Island, N. Y. Of the seven hundred men ordered out for that purpose, Som- erset County furnished one hundred. Another de- tachment of minute-men was ordered, Feb. 15, 1776, to proceed to New York. This was commanded by Charles Stewart, colonel ; Mark Thompson, lieuten- ant-colonel ; Frederick Frelinghuysen, first major ; and Thomas Henderson, second major. Feb. 29, 1776, the remnants of the minute-men were incorporated in the militia of the districts where they resided. June 3, 1776, the Continental Congress called for thirteen thousand eight hundred militia, the quota of New Jersey being three thousand three hundred. Hunterdon and Somerset furnished one of the five battalions required, in the proportion of five compa- nies from the first-named and three companies from the last-named county. The battalion was com- manded by Stephen Hunt, colonel ; Philip Johnson, 82 HUNTEKDON AND SOMEKSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. lieutenant-colonel; Joseph. Phillips, major; and Cor- nelius Baldwin, surgeon.* July 16, 1776, Congress requested the Convention of New Jersey to supply with militia the places of two thousand men of Gen. "Washington's army who had been ordered into New Jersey to form the Flying Camp. Of the thirty companies of sixty-four men each, furnished under this call, Somerset provided two and Hunterdon four companies, which, with two from Sussex, comprised one of the four battalions, and its officers were Mark Thompson, colonel ; Abraham Bonnell, lieutenant-colonel; Enos Kelsey, major; and Jacob Jennings, surgeon. April 14, 1778, the militia was divided into two brigades, that of Somerset being in the first and that of Hunterdon in the second. Jan. 8, 1781, it was formed into three brigades. During the war several companies of artillery and troops of horse were raised. " The good service performed by the militia is fully recorded in history. At the fights at Quinton's Bridge, Hancock's Bridge, Three Elvers, Connecticut Farms, and Van Neste's Mills they bore an active part, while at the battles of Long Island, Trenton, Assanpink, Princeton, Germantown, Springfield, and Monmouth they performed efficient service in sup- porting the Continental Line."t The field- and stafi'-officers of the militia regiments of these counties were as follows : HUNTERDON COUNTY. FIRST REGIMENT. Col. Isaac Smith. Col. (promoted from first major) Joseph Phillips. Lieut. -Col. Abraham Hnnt. Lieut.-Col. (promoted from captain) Jacob Houghton. First Maj. Ephraim Anderson. First Maj. (promoted from captain) Joseph Brearley. Second Maj. Isaac De Cou. Second Maj. (pro. from first lieut. and captain) Benjamin Van CleTe. Second Maj. (promoted from captain) Henry Phillips. Adjt. Elias Phillips. SECOND REGIMENT. Col. Nathaniel Hunt. Col. Joseph Beavers. Lieut.-Col. Abraham Bonnell. Lieut-Col. William Chamberlain. First Maj. Nathaniel Pettit. FirBt Maj. Cornelius Stout. First Maj. (promoted from second major) David Bishop. Second Maj. Garret Albertson. Second Maj. David Jones. Second Maj. Cornelius Carhart. Second Maj. (promoted from captain) Samuel Growendyck. A^t. John Schank. Quartermaster Reading Howell. Surgeon Gersbom Craven.J THIRD REGIMENT. Col. David Chambers. Col. (promoted from lieuteuant-colonel) Thomas Lowrey. Col. (promoted from lieutenant-colonel) George Ely. First Maj. (promoted from second major) Cornelius Stout. * Col. Hunt resigned, and Lieut.-Col. Johnson was promoted to colonel and subsequently killed, when Lieut.-Col. Phillips (promoted from major) became colonel, and Capt. Piatt Bayles was promoted to be major. t " Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War," W. S. Stryker, p. 338. Second Maj. Daniel McDonald. Second Maj. (promoted from first lieutenant and captain) George Hol- comb. A^jt. David Bishop. EOTJETH REGIMENT. Col. John Mehelm. Col. (promoted from captain, second major, and lieutenant-colonel) John Taylor. Lieut. -Col. (promoted from captain and first major) John Tenbroofc. First Maj. (promoted from second major) John Stevens, Jr. First Maj. (promoted from captain) Godfrey Rinehart. Second Maj. (promoted from captain) Ebenezer Berry. Surgeon Oliver Barnet.J SOMERSET COUNTY. FIRST BATTALION. Col. William Alexander (Lord Stirling). Col. (promoted from captain) Stephen Hunt. Col. (promoted from captain) Frederick Frelinghuyaen. Col. (promoted from lieutenant-colonel) Abraham Ten Eyck. Lieut.-Col. (promoted from second major) Derrick Middah. First Maj. (promoted from captain) James Linn. Second Maj. (promoted from captain) Richard McDonald. Second Maj. (promoted from captain) Thomas Hall. SECOND BATTALION. Col. Abraham Quick. Col. Hendrick Van Dike. Lieut.-Col. (promoted from first major) Benjamin Baird. Lieut.-Col. (promoted from first major) Peter D. Vroom. First Maj. (promoted from second major) William Verbryck. First Maj. (promoted from captain) William Baird. Second Maj. Enos Kelsey. Second Maj. (pro. from captain) Abraham Neviua. The following is a list of those from the county of Hunterdon who served either in the Continental army, State troops, or militia during the Revolutionary war: J Joseph Beavers, colonel Second Regiment. David Chambers, colonel Third Regiment, June 19, 1Y76 ; colonel bat- talion State troops, Nov. 27, 1776 ; colonel Second Regiment, Sept 9, 1777 ; resigned May 28, 1779. George Ely, captain Second Regiment ; lieutenant-colonel Third Regi- ment, June 21, 1781 ; also colonel. Nathaniel Hunt, colonel Second Regiment; resigned; also paymaster militia. Thomas Lowrey, lieutenant-colonel Third Regiment, June 19, 1776 ; also colonel Third Regiment. John Mehelm, quartermaster and paymaster statT Brig. -Gen. Dickinson ; colonel Fourth Regiment; resigned May 15, 1777 ; colonel and quar- termaster-general, staff Maj .-Gen. Dickinson. Joseph Phillips, major Col. Hunt's battalion, " Heard's brigade," Juno 14, 1776 ; lieutenant-colonel Johnson's battalion, Aug. 1, 1776 ; col- onel ditto. Sept, 20, 1776 ; first major First Regiment; colonel ditto, March 16, 1777. Isaac Smith, colonel First Regiment; resigned, Feb. 16, 1777, to accept appointment as justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. Charles Stewart, colonel battalion "Minute-Men," Fob. 16, 1776; also commissary-general. John Taylor, captain Col. Neilson's battalion, "Minute-Men;" captain Fourth Regim ent ; second major ditto, Oct. 28, 1776 ; major Road's X See sketch in medical chapter. g These rosters have been carefully compiled from the " Official Reg- ister of the Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War " by Adjt.-Gen. William S. Stryker, published by authority of the Legisla- ture, in 1872. In its preparation the pension-lists of the goTernmont, the Minutes of the Congress of the United States, and of the Legislature and Council of Safety of New Jersey, records of the War Department as well as original manuscripts, rolls of companies of Continental troops, dianes of ofBcers, paymasters' memoranda, quartermasters' reports, treasurers receipts, "returns" to the commander-in-chief, etc., were faithfully examined and compared. It is the only extensive and well- authenticated record of the kind that has yet been published. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 83 ■battalion of State troops, Nov. 27, 1776 ; lieutenantKJolonel Fourth Kegiment, Feb. 17, 1777; colonel ditto, May 23,1777; colonel regi- ment of State troops, Oot. 9, 1779. Abraham Bonnell, lieutenant-colonel Third Regiment; lieutenant-col- onel Thompson'fl battalion " Detached Militia," Jaly 18, 1776. William Chamberlain, lieutenant-colonel Second Regiment, Sept. 9, 1777 ; cashiered May 14, 1781. Joab Houghton, captain First Regiment; lieutenant-colonel ditto, March 15, 1777 ; lieutenant-colonel Taylor's regiment, State troops, Oct. 9, 1779. Abraliam Hunt, lieutenant-colonel First Regiment ; resigned. Philip Johnston, lieutenant-colonel ; pro. to colonel Aug. 1, L776 ; killed at battle of Long Island. John Teubrook, captain " Minute-Men ;" firet major Fourth Regiment, Feb. 1, 1777 ; lieuteuant-colonel ditto. Garret Albertson, second major Second Regiment ; com. cancelled ; re- moved from county. Ephraim Anderson, first major First Regiment ; resigned, Oct. 28, 1775, to accept commission as adjutant Second Battalion, First Establish- ment, Continental Line. Ebenezer Berry, captain Fourth Regiment; second major ditto, April 25, 1778. David Bishop, adjutant Third Regiment; second major Second Regi- ment; first major ditto. Joseph Brearley, captain "Minute-Men;" first major First Regiment; captain Continental army. Cornelius Carhart, captain Third Regiment ; second major Second Regi- ment, April 20, 1778. Isaac Be Cou, second major First Regiment; resigned July 6, 1776. Peter Gordon, captain First Regiment ; captain Forman's battalion, Heard's brigade, June 14, 1776 ; brigadier-major ditto, July 25, 1776 ; also major and quartermaster Quartermaster-GeneiuPs Department. Samuel Growendyck, captain Second Regiment ; second major ditto, Oct. 7, 1778; major State troops. George Holcomb, first lieutenant Phillips' company, Third Regiment ; pro. to captain; pro. to major, June 21, 1781. David Jones, ensign Third Regiment; pro. to captain; second major Second Regiment. Daniel McDonald, second major Third Regiment; resigned July 24, 1777. l^athaniel Fettit, first major Second Regiment ; com. cancelled ; removed from county. Henry Phillips, captain First Regiment, May 10,1777; second major, KoT. 13, 1777. Godfrey Einehart, captain Fourth Regiment; pro. to first major, Oct. 7, 1778; resigned, Nov. 6, 1779, to become member of Asaembly. John Stevens, Jr., second major Fourth Regiment, Feb. 1, 1777 ; pro. to first major; resigned April 18, 1778. Cornelius Stout, second major Third Regiment, June 19, 1776 ; first major Second Regiment, Sept. 19, 1777; first major Third Regiment, June 10, 1779 ; cashiered May 14, 1781. Benjamin Van Cleve, first lieutenant First Regiment ; pro. to captain ditto, Capt. Johnson's battalion, Heard's brigade, June 14, 1776; second major First Regiment, March 15, 1777; resigned, Nov. 13, 1777, to become a member of Awembly. Elias Phillips, adjutant First Regiment. John Schanck, adjutant Second Regiment, Feb. 6, 1777, Reading Howell, quartermaster Second Regiment. Oliver Bamet, surgeon Fourth Regiment, Feb. 14, 1776. Gershom Craven, surgeon Second Regiment. Jacob Anderson, lieutenant; pro. to captain. John Anderson, captain Capt. Johnson's battalion, June 14, 1776; also captain in Continental army. Jacob Beatson, captain. Daniel Bray, lieutenant Second Regiment; pro. to captain ditto. Nathaniel Gamp, captain. Jacob Carhart, captain Second Regiment. Israel Carle, captain troop light-hoi-se, Oct, 6, 1777. ■ Cline, captain Second Kegiment. Joseph Clunn, ensign Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment, June 19, 1776; pro. to second lieutenant, May 10, 1777; pro. to captain; also captain State troops. Jonathan Combs, captain. Josepli Corshon, captain Second Regiment. Joshua Corshon, captain Third Regiment; resigned Feb. 17, 1776, dis- ability. George Coryell, captain. William Covenhoven, captain. Doremus, captain. Emmons, captain Fourth Regiment. Peter Ent, ensign Third Regiment; pro. to captain ditto. Moses Esty, captain ; also captain in State troops. Jacob Gearhart, sergeant Second Regiment ; pro. to ensign and captain. William Gearhart, captain Second Regiment. Jacob Glashart, ensign Third Regiment; pro. to captain, ditto. James Gray, captain Second Regiment; prisoner of war. George Green, captain First Regiment. Ralph Guild, captain First Regiment, May 10, 1777. Henry Gulick, captain Second Regiment. Hall, captain Fourth Regiment. Charles Harrison, captain; resigned July 8, 1776. Adam Hope, captain Second Regiment. Cornelius Hoppock, captain Third Regiment. Joseph Howard, captain. Hull, captain Fourth Regiment. John Hunt, captain First Regiment, June 17, 1776. William E. Imlay, captain Third Regiment; also captain Continental army. Christopher Johnson, captain Third Regiment. Cornelius Johnson, captain Second Regiment. David Johnson, captain. James Johnson, captain. Francis Kruser, captain. Cornelius Lane, captain Fourth Regiment. Lucas, captain. ■ Maitland, captain. ■ ■- Medler, captain Third Regiment. John Mott, captain First Regiment; also captain Continental army; guide to Washington at battle of Trenton. Albert Opdycke, captain Second Regiment. John Peck, captain; also lieutenant Continental army, Henry Phillips, captain First Regiment. John Phillips, captain Third Regiment. Jonathan Phillips, captain Fourth Regiment; also captain Continental army. Philip Phillips, captain First Regiment, May 10, 1777. Charles Reading, lieutenant Third Regiment; pro. to captain; captain. First Regiment. John Reed, captain Fourth Regiment; also ensign Continental Army. Andrew Reeder, private Capt. Mott's company, First Regiment; pro. to ensign, and captain. David Schamp, lieutenant Fourth Regiment; pro. to captain. John Schenck, lieutenant Third Regiment; pro. to captain. John Sherrard, captain Third Regiment. Rynear Smock, captain. Philip Snook, captain First Regiment; wounded in the thigh at the bat- tle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778 ; captain Third Regiment William Snowden, captain Third Regiment. Stanton, captain. Richard Stilwell, captain Fourth Regiment. James Stout, lieutenaut Capt. Maxwell's company. Second Regiment; captain Third Regiment. Nathan Stout, captain (died March 10, 1826, aged seventy-eight years). Samuel Stout, captain Third Regiment. Joseph Thatcher, captain Second Regiment. Timothy Titus, second lieutenant Capt. Henry Phillips* company, First Regiment, May 10, 1777 ; pro. to captain. William Tucker, captain First Regiment, June 19, 1776; also captain Second Regiment. Albert Updike, captain Second Regiment. Edward Wilmot, Jr., captain Fourth Regiment, Feb. 14, 1778. Isaiah Yard, second lieutenant Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment, June 19, 1776; pro. to first lieutenant, May 10, 1777; pro. to captain. H. Bailey, lieutenant Second Regiment. Barton, lieutenant Second Regiment. ] Isaac Basset, lieutenant Third Regiment. Zebulon Burroughs, ensign First Regiment, May 10, 1777 ; pro. to lieu- tenant. Thomas Carter, lieutenant Capt. Johnson's company. Third Regiment, Nov. 5, 1781. Elihu Chadwick, ensign Second Regiment; pro, to lieutenant. Richard Corwine, lieutenant Capt. Phillips' company. Third Regiment. James Crawford, lieutenant Fourth Regiment, Stephen Dunham, lieutenant Third Regiment. 84 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. — Gordon, lieutenant Second Kegiment. — — Hayman, lieutenant. Abraham Hogeland, lieutenant Capt. Growendyck'e company, Second Begiment. John Hogeland, lieutenant Tbird Regiment; resigned. Jacob Holcomb, lieutenant Capt. Hoppock's company, Third Regiment. Jacob Johnston, private Third Regiment ; pro. to lieutenant. John Matthews, lieutenant Capt. Harrison's company, Joseph Mattison, liexitenant Third Regiment. Robert Maxwell, lieutenant Capt. Maxwell's company, Second Regi- ment. Cornelius Plahames, lieutenant Third Regiment. Abram Post, lieutenant. John Prall, lieutenant Capt. Stout's company, Third Regiment. Palmer Roberts, lieutenant Second Regiment. Philip Row, lieutenant. Garret Scbanck, sergeant Capt. Stout's company, Third Regiment ; pro. to lieutenant ; discharged April 6, 1777. Philip Serviss, lieutenant Third Regiment. - Skillman, heutenant. Robert Taylor, lieutenant. Thomas Thomson, lieutenant Fourth Regiment. Xhomae Tobin, lieutenant "Capt. Carle's Troop Light-Horse," Oct. 6, 1777. Jacob Vanderbelt, lieutenant Third Regiment. John Vanderbelt, lieutenant Third Regiment. John Williamson, ensign Capt. Stout's company, Third Regiment; pro. to lieutenant. John Clifford, first lieutenant Capt. Carliart's company, Second Regi- ment. John Kitch, first lieutenant Capt. Tucker's company. First Regiment, June 19, 1776. George Holcomb, first lieutenant Capt. John Phillips' company. Third Regiment, Oct. 20, 1777. Nathaniel Hunt, first lieutenant Capt. Henry Philips' company, Third Regiment, May 10, 1777. Andrew Johnson, first lieutenant Capt. Philip Phillips' company, First Regiment. Ralph Jones, first lieutenant Capt. Mott's company, First Regiment, May 10, 1777. Bernice Kirkhoff, first lieutenant Fourth Regiment, Feb. 14, 1778. Henry Mershon, first lieutenant Capt. Hunt's company, First Regiment, June 17, 1776. Moses Moore, first lieutenant Capt. Hunt's company, First Regiment, May 10, 1777. "William Parke, first lieutenant Capt. Guild's company, First Regiment, May 10, 1777. Zebulon Barton, cornet " Capt. Carle's Troop Light-Horse," Oct. 6, 1777.''= Stephen Burrowes (Burroughs), second lieutenant Capt. Hunt's company. First Regiment, May 10, 1777. John Drake, second lieutenant Capt. Guild's company, First Regiment, May 10, 1777. James Egbert, second lieutenalit Fourth Regiment, Feb. 14, 1778. James Hallet, second lieutenant, and second lieutenant " Heard's bri- gade," June 14, 1776 ; also first lieutenant Continental army. EUet Howell, second lieutenant First Regiment, June 12, 1776; also as- sistant quartermaster in Quartermaster's Department. Elias Hunt, second lieutenant First Begiment. Ralph Lanning, second lieutenant First Begiment, June 17, 1776 ; scout and guide to Gen. Washington. Jacob Bunk, second lieutenant Capt. John Phillips' company. Third Begiment, Oct. 20, 1777. Nathaniel Temple, second lieutenant Capt. Mott's company. First Regi- ment, May 10, 1777. Thomas Ackers, ensign Capt. John Phillips' company, Oct. 20, 1777. Henry Baker, ensign Third Regiment. Samuel Beakes, ensign Capt. Hunt's company. First Regiment, May 10, 1777. James Biles, ensign Capt. P. Phillips' company, First Regiment ; also in Capt. Bonnel's company. State troops. Timothy Brush, Jr., ensign Capt. Guild's company. First Regiment, May 10, 1777. David Chambers, private Capt. Tucker's company. First Regiment; pro. to ensign. John Coudrick, ensign Third Regiment. * See also Somerset list, second lieutenants. Abraham Covert, ensign Third Regiment. Samuel Everett, ensign Capt. Growendyck's company, Second Begiment Henry Low, ensign Fourth Regiment, Feb. 14, 1778. James Maehatt, ensign Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment, May 10, 1777. Eli Moore, ensign Capt. Hunt's company, First Begiment, June 17, 1776. Luther Opdyke, ensign Capt. C. Johnson's company, Third Regiment, Nov. 5, 1781. John Reed, sergeant State troops ; sergeant Capt. Opdyke's company. Second Regiment; ensign Capt. Opdyke's company. Peter Bockafellow, sergeant Capt John Phillips' company, Third Regi- ment ; pro. to ensign ; also ensign State troops. Amos Scudder, private Capt Mott's company, First Regiment; ensign, May 10, 1777. ■ Shanks, ensign Second Regiment Amos Starke, sergeant ; pro. to ensign. , Moses Stout, sergeant Capt Stout's company ; pro. to ensign. Hendrick Suydam, ensign "Capt. Carle's Troop Light-Horse." Alexander Thompson, ensign Third Regiment. OakeVorehase, ensign Third Regiment; resigned. Samuel Smith, sergeant Capt Philip Phillips' company ; also quarter- master-sergeant. John Burroughs, sergeant Capt. Mott's company, Firfit Regiment William Cannion, sergeant Capt. Tucker's company. First Begiment. Henry Cliambers, sergeant Capt. Tucker's company. First Begiment; sergeant of artillery. David Davis, sergeant Capt. Maxwell's company, Second Begiment John Dougherty, sergeant Capt Tucker's company; wounded in hand by accidental discharge of musket, Sept. 2, 1776. Benjamin Hendrickson, sergeant Capt. Tucker's company, First Regi- ment. Azariah Higgins, sergeant Capt. Maxwell's company, Second Begiment Peter Hulet, sergeant Capt. Tucker's company. Jonathan Hunt, sergeant Capt. Philip Phillips' company; disch. Sept 20, 1777. Cornelius Johnson, sergeant Capt. Gi-owendyck's company. Joseph Justice, sergeant Capt Tucker's company. First Regiment. Roger Larison, sergeant Capt. Henry Phillips' company, First Regi- ment. William Larison, sergeant Capt, Tucker's company, First Regiment Thomas Leonard, private Capt. Tucker's company ; pro. to corporal and sergeant James McCoy, sergeant Capt. Philip Phillips' company; also private Continental army. McCue, sergeant Hunterdon militia. William McGalliard, private Capt. P. Phillips' company ; pro. sergeant. John Moore, private Capt Mott's company ; pro. sergeant, Sept. 29, 1777. Nathan Moore, sergeant Capt H. Phillips' company, First Regiment Nathaniel Moore, sergeant Capt Hoppock's company, Third Regiment Samuel Morrow, private Third Regiment; pro. sergeant; also sergeant Capt Johnson's company. State troops. Palmer Phillips, sergeant Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Christian Sholster, sergeant Capt Tucker's company. Jediah Stout, sergeant Capt. Stout's company, Third Regiment Joseph Tindall, sergeant Capt Mott's company. Johnson Titus, sergeant Capt Tucker's company. Andrew Van Sickell, sergeant militia. Henry Wambaugh, sergeant Capt. Stout's company. Third Begiment. Jonas Wood, sergeant Capt Henry Phillips' company. George Wyckoflf, sergeant Capt. Lucas' company. William Akers, private Capt. Tucker's company; corporal Capt John Phillips' company. Mathew Bevans, corporal First Regiment; also private Continental army. Philip Bevin, private Capt Tucker's company. First Regiment ; private Capt Gray's company. Second Regiment; private Capt. Snook's company, Third Regiment; corporal Capt. Yard's company. First Begiment. Henry Burrows, corporal Capt. Heniy Phillips' company, First Regi- ment. John Campbell, corporal Capt Growendyck's company. Second Regiment George Corwine, corporal First Regiment; also corporal in Continental army. Jacob Decker, corporal Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Ralph Hart, corporal Capt Mott's company. First Regiment William Hart, corporal Capt. Philip Phillips' company, First Regiment HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 85 David Hunt, corporal Capt. Tucker^s company. First Regiment James Kark, corporal Capt. Maxwell's company. Second Regiment. Henry Moore, corporal Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment. Joseph Phillips, corporal Capt. Mott's company, Oct 6, IITJ. John Rosa, corporal Capt Hoppock's company. Third Regiment Amns Smith, corporal Capt. Henry Phillips' company, Oct. 1, 1777 ; pro. from private. Benjamin Van Kirk, corporal Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment Silas Warters, corporal Capt Philip Phillips' company. Peter Young, corporal Capt Maxwell's company. Charles Asford, mudcian Capt Tucker's company, Firat Regiment Henry Merahou, musician Capt Tucker's company ; also in Capt Mott's company. William Morris, musician Capt. Tucker's company. Jonathan Smith, musician Capt. Plulip Phillips' company. William Smith, musician Capt. Tucker's company. Wilson Stout musician Capt Henry Phillips' company. Amos Smith, drummer Capt Mott's company; also Capt Tucker's company. Abbott, John, Capt. John Phillips' company, Third Regiment Abbott Richard, also in the Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's com- pany. Abbott William, Sr., Capt. John Phillips' company, Third Regiment Abbott William, Jr., Capt John Phillips' company, Third Regiment. Abel, Jonathan, Capt. John Phillips' company. Third Regiment Adam£, John, Adams, Mathew, Capt. Stillwell's company ; also in Continental army, in Capt Luce's company. Adams, PanL Adams, Samuel. Adams, William. Aimes, John, First Regiment ; also in State troops, and in Continental army, in Capt. Phillips' company. Akers, Amos, Capt. John Phillips' company, Third Regiment Akers, Amos, First Regiment; also in State troops, and in Continental army, in Capt Phillips' company. Akers, Daniel, Third Regiment in Capt. John Phillips' company. Akers, John, Third Regiment Capt John Phillips' company. Akers, Jonathan, Third Regiment Capt John Phillips' company. Akers, Obadiah, Third Regiment Capt John Phillips' company. Alden, Thomas, First Regiment; also in State troops, and in Continental army, in Second Battalion, Second Establishment Aljon, John. AUcut John, First Regiment ; also in State troops, and Continental army, in Capt Van Anglen's company. Allen, John, Third Regiment »^ Capt. John Phillips' company. Allen, William. Allent John, First Regiment; also in State troops. Anderson, John (1), Capt. Tucker's company. Anderson, John (2), Capt. Tucker's company. Anderson, Moses, Capt John Phillips' company. Andrews, Herbert Andrews, John. Angleman, Jacob. Applegate, Williajn, Capt. Bray's company, Second Regiment; also State troops, and Continental army. AppletoD, Samuel, Capt Tacker's company, First Regiment Armitage, Enoch, Capt Tucker's company, First'Regiment ArmstroDg. Rev. James F., Capt. P. Gordon's company. First Regiment ; also chaplain Continental army. Armstrong, John, Capt Maxwell's company, Second Regiment Array, James, Capt Stillwell's company, Fourth Regiment ; also State troops, and Continental army. Asten, John, Capt. John Phillips' company. Third Regiment Atchley, Thomas. Capt Henry Phillips' company. First Rpgiment Auble, Andrew. Axford, James, Capt. Tucker's company. First Regiment. Bainbridge, John, First Regiment ; also in State troops, and Continental army. Bake, George, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Bake, Henry, Third Regiment Capt. John Phillips' company. Bake, John, Third Regiment Capt John Phillips' company. Bake, Peter, Third Regiment Capt John Phillips' company. Baker, Joseph, First Regiment, Capt. Philip Phillips' company; disch. Sept 23, 1777. Baker, Samuel, First Regiment Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Baker, Timothy, First Regiment Capt Tucker's company; also in " Carle's Troop Light-Horse." Barcalow, Gilbert also in the Continental army, Capt Anderson's com- pany. Bardin, John, Third Regiment s.nd also in State troops. Bans, John, Second Regiment, Capt Maxwell's company. Barkelow, Cornelius, Second Regiment Capt. Cornelius Johnson's com- pany; also in State troops. Barkelow, Hunterdon, Second Regiment; also in State troops, Barkelow, John, Second Regiment, Capt Growendyck's company. Bamet William. Barrell, William, First Regiment in companies of Capta. Tucker and Henry Phillips. Bartholomew, DanieL Beam, John. Beam, Lewis. Beard, Moses. Beemer, John. Bell, William, Third Regiment; also in the State troops. BelUs, John, Third Regiment ; also in the State troops and Continental army. Belloes, Andrew, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Bennett, John, First Regiment Capt Philip Phillips' company. Bennett Nehemiah, Capt. Tucker's company ; also in Stat« troops and Continental army. Bennett Thomas, Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment Bercan, Peter. Binge, William, First Regiment Capt P. Phillips' company ; also in State troops. Bird, Peter. Bethe, Archibald, First Regiment; also in State troops and Continental army. Blackford, Anthony, also in the Continental army. Blackwell, Beniami, " Capt Carle's Troop Light-Horse*'* Blackwell, Benjamin, " Capt Carle's Troop Light^Horse." Blackwell, Elijah, troop light-horse and infantry; also commissary of issues. Blackwell, Stephen, " Capt Carle's Troop Light-Horse." Blaine, Benjamin. Blaine, John. Blair, Benjamin. Blair, William. Blane, Benjamin. Boden, James, Capt. Tucker's company ; also in artillery and Continental army. Bogart Adam. Boiles, Benjamin, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. First Regiment Bond, Samuel, Capt. Maxwell's company. Bonham, John. Bonham, Levi, First Regiment Capt. Tucker's company. Bonham, Zedekiah. Boss, Abram. Boughner, Sebastian. Boys, John, Capt. Maxwell's company, Second Regiment Bray, Andrew, Capt Stillwell's company; also State troops and Conti- nental army. Breese, Henry, Capt. StillweU's company; also State troops and Conti- nental army. Breis, Daniel, Capt. John PhiUips' company. Third Regiment Breis, John, Capt. John Phillips' company, Third Regiment Brewer, Henry. Brittain, James. Brittain, William, Capt. John Phillips' company. Broadhurst Joseph, Capt John Phillips' company. Broadtrees, William, Capt John Phillips' company. Brokaw, Abram. Brokaw, Peter, also in the Continental army. Brown, George, Capt. Stillwell's company; also State troops and Conti- nental army. Brown, James, First Regiment; also State troops and Continental army. Brown, Joseph. Brown, Timothy, Capt. Stillwell's company, Fourth Regiment; State troops and Continental army. Bruner, Jacob. Brust, Israel, Capt Tucker's company; also Continental army, Capt Pol- hem us' company. 86 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. BruBt, Israel. Fourth Regiment ; also State troops. Buchanan, Alexander, Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment. Buckley, Cornelius, Third Regiment; also State troops and Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company, Bunn, Jonathan, Capt. Henry Phillips' company, and Capt. Tucker's com- pany. Bunn, Joseph, Capt. Growendyck's company, Second Regiment. Burns, Daniel, also in Continental army. Burnside, Patrick, Capt. Philip Phillips' company, Burrougbs, Anthony, Capt. Mott's company. Burroughs, Edon. Burroughs, Jonathan. Burroughs, Stephen. Burrows, Israel, Capt Henry Phillips' company. Burrows, James, Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment. Burrows, John, Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment. Burrows, Joseph, Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment. Burtes, John, Capt. Mott's company. Burwell, Thomas, Third Regiment; also State troops. Bussingburg, William. Butler, John. Butts, Alexander, Capt. Gulick's company, Second Regiment; also State troops and Continental army. Cahoon, Jacob, First Regiment; also State troops and Continental army, Second Regiment. Gaidar, Ninian, Second Regiment: also State troops and Continental army, Capt. Ross' company. Campbell, Daniel, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Campbell, William, Second Regiment, Capt. Bray's company ; also in Con- tinental army and State troops. Careck, James, Capt. Maxwell's company, Second Regiment. Carhart, Richard. Carhart, Robert. Carlisle, Ebenezer, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Carpenter, Henry, Capt. Tucker's company. Carpenter, Hope, Capt. Mott's company. First Regiment. Carpenter, John, Capt. Mott's company, First Regiment. Carpenter, Richard, Capt Tucker's company. First Regiment. Carr, James, Capt. Maxwell's company. Carr, William, Capt. Maxwell's company. Case, Samuel, Capt. Hoppock's company, Third Regiment. Caee, Thomas, in Third Regiment and First Regiment, and State troops ■ also in Continental army. Case, Tunis. Casey, William, Capt Maxwell's company. Catrell, Wm., also in the Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Chamberlain, Clayton. Chamberlain, David, Capt. Jacob Carhart's company. Second Regiment; and Continental army, in Capt. Johnson's company. Chamberlain, Godfrey, Capt Henry Phillips' company. Chamberlain, John, Capt Henry Phillips' company. Chamberlain, Lewis, Capt Johnson's company ; also in State troops, and Continental army. Chamberlain, Seth, Capt Opdycke's company. Second Regiment Chamberlain, William. Chambers, Alexander, Capt, Tucker's company. Cherol, James, also in Continental army, in Captain Martin's company. Chew, Richard, also in Continental army, in Second Battalion, Second Establishment. Christopher, Daniel, Capt. Tucker's company. Christopher, Jesse, Capt. Carle's troop of light-horae. Churles, John. Clark, Joseph, Capt. Stout's company. Clark, Joshua, Capt Maxwell's company. Clark, Thomas, Capt Maxwell's company. Clayton, Job D., miUtia. Clemens, John, Capt Mott's company. Clover, Peter, Capt Stout's company. Coghran, Tobias, militia. Coleman, John, Capt Growendyck's company; killed at Tan Nest's Mills. Coleman, Samuel, Capt Carle's troop of light-horse. Comner, John, Capt. Gearhart's company ; also in State troops. Conger, Daniel, Capt StUlwell's company ; also in State troops, and Continental army. Conner, Edward, Capt. Growendyck's company, Capt. Brink's company in State troops, and Continental army. ' Conselyea, Andrew, Capt Still well's company. Fourth Regiment; also la State troops, and Continental army. Contraman, John. Cook, Henry, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Cook, Jonathan, Capt. Mott's company. Coolbaugh, William, Capt Bray's company, Capt. Growendyck's com- pany ; also State troops. Cooper, John, also in Continental army, and in State troops. Cooper, Michael. Cooper, William. Corhart, Cornelius, Cornell, John, Capt Tucker's company. Cornell, Nathaniel, Capt, Tucker's company. Cornell, William. Correll, Joseph. Corwiue, John, Third Regiment; also in Stat-e troops. Corwine, Samuel, Third Regiment; also in State troops. Coryell, Abram, Capt. John Phillips' company. Coryell, John, Capt. John Phillips' company. Covenhoven, Albert, Third Regiment; also in State troops; and in Conti- nental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Co well, Isaac. Crab, James. Craig, John. Crammer, Peter. Cray, James. Creesey, James. Third Regiment; also Capt. Johnson's company, State troops. Critser, Leonard, Second Regiment; also State troops; and Continental army, Capt Ross' company. Curren, Richard, Capt. Maxwell's company, Second Regiment. Dallemar, Robert, also in the Continental army, Capt. Anderson's com- pany. Dane, James, Fourth Regiment; also in the State troops. Dangwell, John. Davis, William, Capt. Mott's company, First Regiment. Day, Thomas, also in Continental army, Fourth Battalion, Second Es- tablishment Dayley, Joseph, First Regiment, Capt Tucker's company, and in Capt P. Phillips' company. Dean, John, Second Regiment, Capt Opdycke's company; also in State troops. Deare, James, Fourth Regiment, Capt Stillwell's company; also in Continental army. Decker, John. Deemer, Joseph, First Regiment; also in State troops; and in the Conti- nental army, Capt. Longstreth's company. Demund, William. Denman, John. Dennis, Eiios, Second Regiment, Capt. Carhart's company; also in State troops; and in Continental army, Third Battalion, Second Establish- ment. Devotee, John. Devore, John, Fourth Regiment, Capt Stillwell's company; also in Con- tinental army, and State troops. Dils, Peter. Dilts, Jacob, Second Regiment, Capt Maxwell's company. Dingwell, John. Ditmars, John. Dohedra, John, also in Continental army, Capt Anderson's company. Drake, Enoch, First Regiment, Capt Tucker's company. Drake, James, First Regiment, Capt Tucker's company. Drake, John, " Capt Carle's Troop Light-Horse," also express-rider. Drake, Nicholas, First Regiment ; also State troops and Continental army, in Capt. Polhemus' company. Drake, William, First Regiment, Capt Tucker's company ; disch. Oct.. 30, 1777. Dunbar, Lott, First Regiment, Capt Tucker's company. Dunham, David. Dunster, John. Dusenberry, Henry. Dusenberry, Samuel. Dusenberry, William. Elvis, Jacob, First Regiment, Capt Philip Phillips' company. Emmons, Jacob. Emmons, Job, First Regiment, Capt. Tuckei's company. Emmons, John. HUNTERDON AND SOxMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 87 Ennis (or lunifi), Robert, Second Begiment, Capts Brink's company ; also in State truops ; also Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's com- pany. Ent, Daniel, Sr. Ent, Daniel, Jr. Ent, Valentine, Third Regiment, Capt. Hoppock's company. Erwine, Robert, Second Regiment, Capt. 0. Johnson's company; also State troops. Evans, John, Fourth Regiment, Capt. Stillwell's company; also State troops ; also sergeant in Continental army, Capt. Luce's company. Erans, Obadiah, First Regiment ; also State troops ; and Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Felty, George, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Ferrat, Cornelius. Ferrel, Absalom, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. First Regiment. Fidler, John, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. First Regiment. Field, Seth, Capt. Maxwell's company. Fink, Nicholas, Capt. Cornelius Johnson's company; also State troops. Finley, John, militia; also corporal in Continental army. Fish, Joseph, Capt. Mott's company. First Regiment ; also in artillery. Fisher, Christopher, Third Regiment ; also State troops, and Continental army. Fisher, Jacob, Third Regiment ; also State troops, and Continental army. Fisher, John, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Fisher, Moses, Third Regiment; also State troops, and Continental army. Fisher, Peter, Third Regiment, Capt. Stout's company. Fitch, "William, Capt. Brink's company; State troops; and Continental army. Fleet, Jasper. Foster, Jeremiah, Capt. Maxwell's company, Second Regiment. Fongh or (Vought), Peter, Third Regiment ; State troops ; Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's company. French, Daniel, Third Regiment ; State troops ; Continental army, Fourth Battalion, Second Establishment. French, Jeremiah. Frits, Peter. Fullmore, John, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Furman, Joshua, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company ; also State troops. Furman, Nathaniel, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company; also waigoner. Ganen, William, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Ganno, Daniel, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Ganno, Isaac. Garrison, Matthias. Gaven, John, First Regiment ; State troops ; also sergeant in Continental army. First Battalion, Second Establishment. Ghulick, Ferdinand, Second Regiment, Capt. Growendyck's company. Ghnlick, John, Second Regiment, Capt. Growendyck's company. Ghulick, Nicholas, Second Regiment, Capt. Growendyck's company. Ghulick, Samuel, Second Regiment, Capt. Growendyck's company. Gillespie, William, Capt. Opdyke's company ; State troops ; and Conti- ' nental army, in Capt. Polhemus' company. Godown, John, Third Regiment, Capt. Hoppock's company. Grordon, Bemardus, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Gosling, Levi. Goulder, Elias, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Groulder, Jacob, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Goulder, William, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Grant, John, Third Regiment, State troops; also Continental army. Fourth Battalion, Second Establishment. Grant, Robert, Third Regiment, Capt, Hoppock's company. Gray, Abram. Green, "William. Grim^ Sheppard, First Regiment ; also State troops, and Continental army, Capt. Phillips' company. Grindle, Jonathan, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson^s company. Guild, John, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Guion, John. Gwinop, George, Capt. Neil's Eastern company artillery, [State troops; discharged March 1, 1777; Capt. Philip Phillips' company, First Regiment. Hagin, David. Hagxn, James, Third Regiment, Capt, Stout's company. Hall, Cbailes, also in Continental army, in Capt. Martin's company. Hall, Jacob, Second Regiment, Capt. Growendyck's company. Hankinson, Joseph, died in Readington, Nov. 30, 1825, aged eighty-one years.* Hanner, George, also in Continental army, Capt. Martin's company. Harden (or Harder), William, Third Regiment; also in State troops. Harr, James. Harrington (or Herrington), William. Harris, William, " Capt. Carle's Troop Light-Horse." Harrison, William, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Hart, Absalom, Capt. Mott's company, First Regiment. Hart, Asa, Capt. Mott's company, First Regiment. Hart, Asher, Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment. Hart, Frederick, also in the Continental army. Fourth Battalion, Second Establishment. Hart, John, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company. Hart, Joseph, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Hart, Nathaniel, Capt. Henry Phillips' company ; disch. disability. Hart, Philip, Capt. Mott's company. Hart, Samuel, Capt. Mott's company. Hart, Stephen, Capt. Tucker's company. Hart, Titus, Capt. Henry Phillips' company, Hauu, William. Heath, Andrew. Heath, David. Helmes, Joseph. Hendershot, Abram, Hendrickson, Thomas, Capt. Mott's company; wiigoner ditto, Hepburn, William, Capt. Tucker's company. Hervey, John, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company, Hice, Jacob, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Hice, Jasper, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Hickson, Matthew, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Hill, Samuel, Capt, Mott's company. Himeon, Adam, Capt, Maxwell's company. Hixon, Abner, Third Regiment; also in State troops. Hixon, James, Third Regiment; also in State troops; and Continental army, in Capt. Ballard's company. Hixon, Jediah, Third Regiment, Capt. Stout's company. Hixon, John, Third Regiment; also in Continental army, Capt. Ballard's company. Hixon, Joseph, Third Regiment; also in Continental army ; and State troops. Hoagland, Amos, Capt, Growendyck's company, Second Regiment. Hoagland, Derrick. Hoagland, John, Capt, Growendyck's company. Hockenberry, John, Third Regiment; also State troops; and Continental army, Capt, Ballard's company. Hoff, Abel, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Holcomb, Elijah, Third Regiment, Capt. Hoppock's company ; also in State troops ; and Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Holden, Benjamin, Second Regiment, Capt. Jacob Carhart's company; also State troops, and Continental army. Holden, Benjamin, Third Regiment, Hunterdon; also Continental army. Hooper, James, Capt. Tucker's company ; also in artillery .-f* Hooper, Robert, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company, Horn, Ralph, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Home, Joseph, Third Regiment ; also in Capt. Johnson's company, State troops. Horner, Samuel, Third Regiment, in Capt. Stout's company. Hottenbury, John. [See John Hockenberry.] Howard, John, Capt, John Phillips' company, Howell, Absalom, Capt. Mott's company, Howell, Arthur, militia. Howell, Ezekiel, Capt. Mott's company. Howell, Israel, Capt, Mott's company. Howell, John, Capt. Tucker's company. Howell, Thomas, Capt. Jacob Carhart's company ; also State troops ; and Continental army, Capt. Polhemus' company. Howell, William, " Capt, Carle's Troop Light-Horse," Hubbs, James, Capt, Tucker's company, First Regiment. Huff, Andrew, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Huff, Thomas, Capt. Tucker's company. Hughes, John, Capt, Hoppock's company; also in State troops. Hughy, Will, Capt. Maxwell's company. Humphries, John, Capt. Tucker's company. * Hunterdon Gazette, Dec, 15, 1826. ■j- Died near Trenton, March 31, 1827, aged eighty-five years. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Hunt, Benjamin, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Hunt, Daniel, Capt. Tucker's company. Hunt, Israel, Capt. Tucker's company. Hunt, Jesse, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Hunt, John, Jr., Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Hunt, John, Sr., Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Hunt, Jonathan, "Capt. Carle's Troop Light-Horee." Hunt, Samuel, Capt. Henry Phillips' company, First Regiment* Hunter, Harman, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Hunter, James. Hutchinson, William, Second Regiment, Capt. Bray's company; also in State troops, and Continental army. Inslee, Joseph, First Kegiment. Irwin, James, First Begiraent; also in State troops ; and in Continental army, Capt. Phillips' company. ^ James, Ellas. James, Robert, First Regiment, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Jenkins, Joseph, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Johnson, Abner. Johnson, Daniel, Third Regiment; also in Capt. Johnson's company, State troops. Johnson, Enoch, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Johnson, John (1), Second Regiment, Capt. Johnson's company ; also in State troops. Johnson, John (2), in Hunterdon militia; also in State troops; and Con- tinental army, Capt. Phillips' company. Johnson, Matthew, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Johnson, Samuel, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Johnson, William, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Johnson, William, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Johnston, Andrew. Johnston, Daniel Johnston, David, Second Regiment ; also forage-master. Johnston, Jacob, Third Regiment, Capt. Stout's company. Johnston, Samuel, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Jones, Israel, First Regiment, Capt. Mott'e company. Jones, Joshua, Second Regiment, Capt. Jacob Carhart's company; also in State troops ; and Continental army. Jordan, Felix, First Regiment; also in State troops; and Continental army, Capt. Phillips' company. Kallender (or Killenar), Philip, Third Regiment, Capt. Johnson's com- pany ; State troops. Kellison, William. Ketch am, Levi. Kibler, Matthias, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Kirkendall, Andrew. Knowles, Jesse, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company, and Capt. Tucker's company. Kuleman, Johannes, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Labaw, Charles. Lafferty, John. Lahey, John, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Lain, Daniel, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Lake, Isaac, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Lake, Thomas, Second Regiment, Capt. Bray's company ; also in State troops. Lamb, Patrick, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Lambert, Jeremiah, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Lambert, Lott, also in Continental army, Capt. Martin's company. Lancaster, Joseph, First Regiment, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Lane, Comeliue, Fourth Regiment, Capt. Lane's company ; killed at Allentown, June 27, 1778. Lane, Gilbert. Lane, John. Lanning, Daniel, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Lanning, David, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company; scout. Lanning, Elijah, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company; also wagoner. Lanning, .Tohn. Lanning, Robert, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Large, Jonathan, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Larrison, John, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Latimer, John, First Regiment, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Latourette, Peter, also in Continental ai-my. Lee, Charles. Iree~, John, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. * Died June 25, 1825, vide Hunterdon Gazette, 1825. Leford, Vincent, First Regiment ; also State troops, and Continental army. Leigh, John, Second Regiment, Capt. Growendyck's company. Leonard, Nathaniel, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Leonard, Samuel, Fourth Regiment, Capt. Stillwell's company; State troops, and Continental army. Lobdell, Thomas. Lockade, James, Second Regiment, Capt. Jacob Carhart's company; also in State troops, and Continental army. Long, George, also in State troops, and Continental army, First Battal- ion, Second Establishment. Long, Henry, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Loratt, Cornelius. Loratt, Peter. Lott, Abraham, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's Company. Lyon, Henry, Fourth Regiment, Capt. Stillwell's company ; State troops and Continental army. Lyons, Elias, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Mac Andrew, Andrew, Second Regiment. MacLick, Leonard. MacLick, Peter. Malaby, Cornelius, also in Capt. Anderson's company, Col. Johnson's battalion " Levies" ; died while prisoner, Dec. 28, 1776. Malat, Peter. Malcolm, John, First Regiment ; also in State troops, and in Continental army. Manners, John, Sr., Third Regiment, Capt, Stout's company. Mapes, Joseph. Marlatt, John, Second Regiment, Capt. Johnson's company ; also in Con- tinental army. Marlatt, Peter, Second Regiment, Capt. Peter Stillwell's company, Fourth Regiment; also in Continental army. Marcelles, Eden, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Marsh, John. Marts, William, Third Regimemt; also in State troops. Martin, Reuben, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Matthews, Henry, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Matthews, Pearae, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Matthews, Robert. McCafFerty, Joseph, Second Regiment, Capt. Opdyck's company; also State troops; and Continental army, Capt. Ross' company. McCain, John, also in the Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company, McClellan, James, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. McCollem, Duncan, Second Regiment, Capt, Maxwell's company. McCollom, John, also in the Continental army, Capt. Anderson's com- pany. McConnally, Patrick, also in the Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. McConnell, Hugh, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company, McCoy, Daniel, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. • McDaniel, Edward, Second Regiment, Capt. Gearhart's company ; also in State troops. McDonel, John, Second Regiment, Capt, Maxwell's company. McGonigal. John, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. McKinney, Mordecai. McKinstry, John, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. McKinstry, Matthias. McLure, Andrew, also sergeant in Continental army. First Battalion, Second Establishment. McLure, James, also in the Continental army, Capt. Anderson's com- pany. McMahan, David, also in State troops ; and in Continental army, Capt. Phillips' company. McNeal, Henry, also in the Continental army, Capt. Anderson's com- pany. McSperry, Matthew, also in the Continental army, Capt. Anderson's com- pany. Meloby, Thomas, Third Regiment; also in State troops; and Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's company. Merlett, John, Second Regiment (probably same as John Marlatt). Merrell, Benjamin, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Merrell, David, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Mershon, Asher, First Reyiment, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Mershon, Benjamin, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Mershon, Timothy, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Milburn, Timothy, First Regiment, Capt. H. Phillips' company: disoh. Oct. a, 1777. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 89 Miller, lEVancie. First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Miller, Malaher, also in the Continental army, Capt. Anderson's com- pany. Miller, Prime, First Re^ment, Capt. Mott's company. Mitchell, William, alao in the Continental army, Capt, Anderson's com- pany. Monfort, Isaac, Fourth Kegiment, Capt. StillwelFs company; State troops ; and Continental army, Capt. Luce's company. Montgomery, William, Second Regiment, Capt Maxwell's company. Moore, Abijah, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Moore, Henry, First Kegiment; also in State troops and Continental army, First Battalion, Second Establishment. Moore, Israel, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company ; also wagoner. Moore, James, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Moore, Jesse, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company. Moore, John, First Regiment, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Moore, Loammix, First Regiment, Capt, Henry Phillips' company. Moore, Moses, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Moore, Philip, First Regiment, Capt. Tncker's company. Moore, Sackett, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company. Moore, Samuel, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's compiiny. Moore, Stephen, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Moore, William, First Regiment, Capt, Tucker's company. Moorehead, George, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Mcrrgan, Anthony, First Regiment, also in State troops and in Conti- nental army. Mount, Elijah, Third Regiment, Capt. Stout's company. Mount, Ezekiel, Third Regiment, Capt. Stout's company. Mow, William. Muirhead, John, CaptH. Phillips' company ; also State troops; and Con- tinental army, Capt. Ballard's company. Muirheid, William, Capt. John Phillips' company, Third Regiment. Munjoy, James, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's- company. Murray, James, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Naylor, Amos, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Neal, Thomas. Nebbard, Eliphalet, also'in Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's com< pany. Fourth Battalion, Second Establishment. Nevius, John. Nice, Richard, First Regiment, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Nicebauk, John, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Noe, Lewis, also in Continental army, io Capt. Anderson's company. Nun, John, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Oliver, Allen, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Osbum, Joseph, also in Continental army, First Battalion, Second Estab- lishment; Capt. Dayton's company, Third Regiment. Osman, John, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Palmer, Edmund, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Palmer, William, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company. PeArson, Daniel, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Pearson, Timothy, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company, and Capt Mott's company. Peigant, Robert, also in Continental army, Capt Anderson's company. Penwell, David. PeiTine, John. Peters, John, Second Regiment, Capt Growendyck's company. Peterson, Samuel, Fourth Regiment, Capt. Stillwell's company; also State troops ; and Continental army, in Capt. Luce's company, Second Battalion, Second Kstablishment Pettit, Jesse, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Pliilhower, Christopher. Phillips, John, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Phillips. John, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company. Phillips, Lott, Sr., First Regiment, Capt Henry Phillips' company. Phillips, Lott, Jr., First Regiment, Capt Henry Phillips' company, and Capt. Tucker's company. Phillips, Theo., First Regiment, Capt Tucker's company. Phillips, Thomas, Third Regiment, Capt John Phillips' company. Pidcock, Charles, Third Regiment, Capt John Phillips' company. Pidcock, Jonathan, Third Regiment, Capt. Jobn Phillips' company. Pinkney, William, First Regiment ; also State troops ; and Continental army, in Capt. Longstreth's company. Pittson, Andrew. Puwers, George, also in Continental army. First Battalion, Second Estab- lishment. Prall, Jolin, Second Regiment; wounded Jan. 20, 1777. Pratt, Cornelius, also in Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's company. 7 Price, Benj., Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company ; alao in Conti- nental army. Price, Joseph, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company. Price, Rice. Quick, Henry. Quick, Samuel. Quick, William, Third Regiment; State troops; and Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Race, Andrew, Third Regiment ; State troops; and Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Racy, Philip, Third Regiment, Capt Hoppock's company. Randel, John, also Continental army, in Capt. Martin's company. Rap, Conrad, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Read, George, Third Regiment ; also State troops ; and Continental army, Capt. Ballard's company. Reader, William. Recey, Philip, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Reed, Benjamin, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Reed (or Read), Ephraim, First Regiment ; State troops ; and Continental army, in Capt. Polhemus' company. Reed, Isaac, First Regiment, Capt Mott's company. Reed, Joshua, First Regiment, Capt Mott's company. Reed, Richard, First Regiment, Capt Mott's company. Reed, Thomas. Reeder, Isaac, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Reeder, John, Firat Regiment, Capt Tucker's company, and Capt Mott's company. Reeves, John, Second Regiment, , Capt. Bray's company; also in State troops; and in Continental army. Reid, Ephraim, Third Regiment, Capt Stout's company. Reynolds, John. Reynolds, William. Ridler, WiUiam, First Regiment, Capt. Mott's company ; also in artillery. Riffner, Adam, Second Regiment, Capt Gulick's company ; also in State troops and Continental army, Capt Anderson's company. Roberts, Edmund. Robertson, John, First Regiment, Capt, Philip Phillips' company, Robeson, William, First Regiment, Capt Tucker's company. Rockefellow, Christ, Third Regiment, Capt John Phillips' company. Roof, Adam, Second Regiment, Capt Maxwell's company. Rorits, William, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Rosbrook, John, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Rose, Charles, Third Regiment, Capt John Phillips' company. Rose, Ezekiel, First Regiment, Capt Tucker's company. Rose, Jonathan, Second Regiment, Capt. Growendyck's company. Rose, Jonathan, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Ross, Joseph, also in Continental army, in Fourth Battalion, Second Establishment Roy, Patrick, Second Regiment, Capt Gulick's company; also State troops; also in Continental army, in Capt. Polhemus' company, First Battalion, First Establishment. Ruckman, John, Third Regiment, Capt. Stout's company ; also in State troops. Runk, William, Tliird Regupent, Capt John Phillips' company. Runnolds, John, Third Regiment; also in Capt Johnson's company, State troops. Ryall, George, First Regiment, Capt Mott's company. Ryan, Timothy, also in the Continental army, Fourth Battalion, Second Establishment. Byon, John, Third Regiment; also in State troops; and in Continental army, in Capt Anderson's company. Sackville, Peter, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Saxton, Charles, Capt. H. Phillips' company, First Regiment, and " Capt Carle's Troop Light-Horse." Scott, Israel, Capt. P. PliilUps' and Capt. Tucker's companies. First Regi- ment. Scott, Martin, Capt Tucker's company, First Regiment. Scudder, Jedediah, First Regiment, Capt Mott's company. Search, James, Capt. Bray's company, Second Regiment; also State troops; also Continental army. Search, Lott, Capt. Bray's company. Second Regiment; also State troops. Sergeant, Joseph. Seymour, Jacob, also in Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's company. Shannon, Daniel, Capt. Opdyck's company, Second Regiment; also in State troops. Sheridan, John, Capt. Opdyck's company, Second Regiment ; also in Con- tinental army. 90 HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Shildol, (Jodfrey. Shoulder, Andrew. Shubert, John, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company, and Con- tinental army, Mret Battalion, Second Establishment. Shusts, Matthias, also in Continental army, Capt. Martin's company, Fourth Battahon. Sigler, Henry, Second Regiment, Capt. MaxwelPs company. Simons, Henry, First Regiment, Capt. Heni*y Phillips' company. Simpson, John. Sinclair, Peter, Capt, Maxwell's company. Second Regiment. Slack, Daniel, Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment. Slack, Uriah, Capt. Mott's company, First Regiment. Slingsland, Henry, Capt. StiUwell's company, Fourth Regiment ; also State troops ; and Continental army, in Capt. Voorhees' company, First Battalion, Second Establishment. Small, ^Villiam, Capt. Opdyck's company, Second Regiment; also State troops, and Continental army. Smith, Andrew, Fii-st Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Smith, Benjamin, Third Regiment, Capt. Stout's company. Smith, Burroughs (also spelled " Burrowes"). Smith, Abijah, " Capt. Carle's Troop Light-Horse." Smith, Hugh, First Regiment; also Continental army. Smith, Jacob, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Smith, James, Capt. Henry Phillips' company, First Regiment; also Con- tinental army. Smith, Jasper, " Capt. Carle's Troop Light-Horse." Smith, Jeiemiah, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Smith, John, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Smith, John (1), Third Regiment ; also in the State troops. Smith, John (2), Third Regiment; State troops; also in Continental army. Smith, Jonathan, Jr., Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Smith, Jonathan, Sr., Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Smith, Joseph (1), Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Smith, Joseph (2), Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Smith, Joseph, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Smith, Joseph, " Capt. Carle's Troop of Light-Horse." Smith, Philip, in companies of Capts. Tucker and Philip Phillips. Smith, Thaddeus, Third Regiment, Capt. John Phillips' company. Smock, Matthias. Smyth, Joseph. Snedeker, James, Snider, Henry, Capt. Maxwell's company. Snyder, Henry, Capt. Bray's company, Second Regiment; also State troops. Snyder, M'illiiim, Capt. Growendyck's company, Second Regiment. Sowere, John. Spicer, John, also in Continental army. First Battalion, Second Estab- lishment. Starker, Aaron. Stephens, Prince, Capt, Maxwell's company. Second Regiment. Stevens, Benjamin, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Stevens, John, Capt. Carle's troop. Stevenson, Augustus, Capt. John Phillips' company. Stiger, Adam. Stiger, Baltus. Stilhvell, Jeremiah, Capt. John Phillips' company, Third Re"-iment. Stillwell, John, Capt. Tucker's company, Firet Regiment; also ai-tillery. Stockbridge, John, Capt. Maxwell's company, Stockton, John, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Stout, Andrew, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Stout, Benjamin, Capt. John Phillips' company'. Stout, James, First Regiment; State troops, and Continental army. Stout, John, Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment; disch. Oct. 30 1777. Stout, John (tailor), Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment. Stout, Joseph, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Stout, Sin, Capt. Tucker's company. Stout, Timothy, Capt. Stout's company. Third Regiment. Stuart, John, Capt, Maxwell's company. Sullivan, Daniel, Capt. Gearhart's company, Second Regiment- also in State troops. Sullivan, William. Sutphen, James. Sutton, Amos, Third Regiment; also in State troops, Sutton, Joseph, Third Regiment; also in State troops. Swallow, Jacob, Third Regiment, Capt. Hoppock's company. Target, John, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Tarret, Cornelius. Taylor, Elisha. Taylor, Henry, Taylor, Isaac. Taylor, Thomas. Tedrick, George, also in the Continental army. Terry, Abraham, Capt. Tucker's company, First Regiment. Thatcher, Elijah. Thimpel, John, Capt, Tucker's company. Thomas, John, First Regiment ; also State troops, and Continental army. Thomas, Robert. Thompson, George, First Regiment; also State troops, and Continental army. Thompson, James, Capt. Blaxwell 's company. Thompson, John, Third Regiment; also in State troops, Thompson, John, Second Regiment, Capt. Johnson's company; also in State troops; and in Continental army, Capt. Phillips' company. Tidd, William. (See William Todd, evidently the same person.) TindaU, Joshua, Capt. Mott's company., Titus, Asa, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Titus, Benjamin, Capt. Mott's company. Titus, Jesse, Capt. Henry Phillips' company; also in Capt. Van Cleve's company, Col. Johnson's battalion, Heard's brigade. Titus, John, Capt. Tucker's company. Titus, John H., Capt. Henry Phillips' company ; also in Continental army, Capt. Phillips' company. Titus, Joseph, Fii-st Regiment, Capt. Henry Pliillips' company. Titus, Samuel, First Regiment, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Titus, Uriah, Firat Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company, Tobin, Peter, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Todd, William, Capt. StiUwell's company, Fourth Regiment ; also State troops and Continental army, in Capt. Luce's company. Treazey, John, Second Regiment, Capt. Maxwell's company. Troy, Samuel, Second Regiment, Capt. Gearhart's company; also State troops. Tucker, Samuel, First Regiment, Capt. Tucker's company. Turner, Nathan, First Regiment ; also State troops ; in Continental army, First Battalion, Second Establishment, and Capt. Phillips' com- pany, Second Regiment. Tustin, Samuel, Capt. Tucker's company. Tway, Timothy, also in Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's company ; later in Capt. Dayton's company. Ulph, Jacob. Utt, John, Capt. Stout's company, Third Regiment. Tan Arsdale, John, Capt. StiUwell's company ; State troops; and Conti- nental army, in Capt. Luce's company. Van Atta, John, Capt, Maxwell's company. Second Regiment. Van Black, Arthur; also in Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's company. Van Cleve, Isba, Capt. Henry Phillips' company, First Regiment. Van Derveer, James. Van Devort, Charles, Capt. Maxwell's company. Van Devort, John, Capt. Maxwell's company. Van Fleet, Abraham, Capt. StillweU's company; .State troops, and Conti- nental army. Van Gorden, William. Van Gorden, , Capt. Maxwell's company, Second Regiment. Van Kirk, John, Capt. Tucker's company. Van Kirk, William. Van Neulen, James, Capt. John Phillips' company. Van NoUer, Coruelius,Capt. Philip Phillips' company: disch Sept '9 1777. Van Norden, David, Capt. Tucker's company. Van Noy, Anderson, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Van Noy, John, Capt. Philip Phillips' company. Van Pelt, John. Van Reid, Cornelius, First Regiment; State troops, also Continental army, Capt. Phillips' company. Van Sickle, Andrew. Van Sickle, Garret. Van Sickle, William, Capt. Stout's company. Van Tyle, Abram. Van Tyle, John. Vaught, Peter, Capt. Stout's company. Third Regiment. (See F9ugh.) Veal, William, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Vint, Juhn, First Regiment, Continental army, Capt. Phillips' company. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 91 Yoorhees, Albert, Capt. Maxwell's company. Yoorheese, John. Warman (or Warner), "William, Capt. Johnson's company; State troops; and Continental Army, in Capt. Koss' company. Third Battalion, Second Establishment. Waterson, Thomas, Third Regiment; State troops; a'.so Continental army, Capt. Mitchell's company. Welch, Hugh, Capt. Tucker's company. Welden, Alexander, Capt. Tucker's company. Welling, John, Capt. P. Phillips' company. Weser, Jacob. Westbrook, Cornelius. Westbrook, James. Wetherhawk, Johannes, Capt. Maxwell's company. White, John, Capt. Stout's company. Whiteal, Nathan. Wliitehead, John, Capl Stout's company. Wickoff, Garret, Capt. John Phillips' company. Wickoff, John. Willabee, Wm., Capt. Cornelius Carhart's company; State troops; and Continental army, in Capt. Ross' company. Wilhelm, Henry, Capt. Gulick's company; also in Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's company. Wilkinson, Wm., also in Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's com- pany ; died Jan. 23, 1777. Williams, James, Capt. Mott's company. Williams, John, also in Continental army, Capt. Pothemus' company. Williams, Owen, also in Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Williams, Samuel. Williamson, Abram, Capt. Stout's company. Williamson, Bar, Capt. Maxwell's company. Williamson, Jaxxib, Capt. Henry Phillips' company. Williamson, Jacob, Capt. Stout's company; State troops; also in Conti- nental army, Capt. Ballard's company. Wilson, Daniel. Wilson, Francis, Capt. John Phillips' company. Wilson, James, Capt. Hem^ Phillips' company ; also Continental army, 'First Battalion, Second Establishment, and Capt. Mitchell's company, First Regiment. Wilson, John, Capt. Maxwell's company. Wilson, John, Capt. John Phillips' company. Third Regiment. Wilson, Thomaa, Capt. John Phillips' company, Third Regiment. Wilson, William, Capt. John Phillips' company. Third Regiment. Wiucoop, Cornelius; Winfield, Matthew, also Continental army, Capt, Anderson's company. Wood, Aaron, Capt. Bray's company. Second Regiment; also in State troops. Wood, Daniel, Capt. Gulick's company, Second Regiment ; also in State troops; and Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Wood, Hezekiah (Ezekiah), Capt. Growendyck's company. Wood, Michael, First Regiment; State troops; Continental army, in Capt. Phillips' company. Wood, William, also Continental army, Capt. Anderson's company. Woodruff, Samuel. Woolsey, Ephraim, Capt, Mott's company. Worth, James, " Capt. Carle's Troop Light-Horse,'* Wright, Jacob, First Regiment; State troops; Continental army, Capt. Polhenms' company. Yard, Elijah. Capt. Tucker's company. Yard, Samuel, Capt. Tucker's company, Yawger, Peter, Capt. Stout's company. Young, Hezekiah, Capt. Mott's company. Young, James, Capt. P. Phillips' company, First Regiment, and Capt. Opdyke's company, Second Regiment ; also in State troops. Young, Philip, Capt. Maxwell's company. Young, Powell. The following are those from Somerset County who served in the Revolution : William Alexander (Lord Stirling), colonel First Battalion ; also m^jor- general of Continental army, Frederick Frelinghuysen, first major Stewart's battalion Minute- men^ Fob. 15, 1776 ; captain Eastern Company of Artillery, March 1,1776; colonel First Battalion, Feb. 28, 1777; resigned to accept appointment as delegate to Congress. Stephen Hunt, captain artillery; colonel First Battalion, Feb. 3, 1776 ; colonel battalion, Heard's brigade, June 14, 1776; resigned July 12, 1776 ; disability. Abrsiham Quick, colonel Second Battalion; resigned Sept. 9, 1777. Abraham Ten Eyck, lieutenant-colonel First Battalion, Feb. 3, 1776; colonel ditto. Henry Vandike, colonel Second Battalion, Sept. 9, 1777; colonel regi- ment State troops, Oct. 9, 1779. Benjamin Baird, first major Second Battalion, April 5, 1777; lieutenant- colonel ditto, Sept. 9, 1777 ; died. Derrick Middah, second major First Battalion, Feb. 3, 1776 ; lieutenant- colonel ditto, Feb. 28, 1777. Peter D. Vroom, captain Second Battalion ; first major ditto, June 6, 1777 ; lieutenant-colonel ditto, Sept. 9, 1777. William Baird, captain Second Battalion; first major ditto, Nov. 6, 1777. Thomas Hall, captain First Battalion ; second major ditto, Feb. 28, 1777. Enos Kelsey, second major Second Battalion ; major Thompson's battal- ion, *' Detached Militia," July 18, 1776 ; major Chambers' battalion, State troops, Nov. 17, 1776 ; resigned June 10, 1779, to accept oflace of State Clothier. James Linn, captain First Battalion; pro. to first major, Feb. 3, 1776; resigned Juue 28, 1781. Richard McDonald, captain First Battalion ; pro. to second major, Feb. 28. 1777. Abraham Nevius, lieutenant Second Battalion; pro. to captain ; pro. to major, Nov. 6, 1777. John Vliet, major First Battalion. William Verbryck, captain ; second major Second Battalion, June 6, 1777 ; pro. to first major Sept. 9, 1777 ; resigned Nov. 6, 1777 ; also paymas- ter Somerset and Hunterdon State troops. Edward Bunn, paymaster; also paymaster State troops. Joseph Gaston, paymaster. Joseph Babcock, captain Second Battalion, John Baird, sergeant Second Battalion ; pro. to captain Second Battalion. John Carr (or Kerr), captain Second Battalion. Benjamin Corey, captain First Battalion. John Craig, captain First Battalion ; captain State troops. David De Groot, captain First Battalion July 27, 1776. Peter Dumont, captain Second Battalion. Simon Duryea, captain First Battalion. Philip Fulkerson, captain Second Battalion. William C. Houston, captain Second Battalion, Feb. 28, 1776 ; resigned Aug. 17, 1776. William Jones, captain Second Battalion. Andrew Kirkpatrick, captain First Battalion. Francis Lock, captain First Battalion ; killed Sept. 16, 1777, Elizabeth- town, N. J. William Logan, captain First Battalion. Cornelius Lott, first lieutenant Capt. Ten Eyck's company, Second Bat- talion. Lowe, captain. Garen McCoy, captain First Battalion. William Moffatt, captain First Battalion. James Moore, captain Second Battalion, April 28, 1777. John Parker, captain First Battalion. Nathaniel Porter, lieutenant First Battalion ; captain First Battalion, March 7, 1777. Hendrick Probasco, captain Second Battalion. Peter Pumyea, captain Second Battalion. Jacobus Quick, captain Second Battalion, James Quick, captain Second Battalion, Israel Rickey, captain, Peter Schenck, captain First Battalion. John Sebring, lieutenant First Battalion; pro. to captain. Rulofi" Sebring, captain First Battalion. David Smalley, ensign Col. Hunt's Battalion, Heard's brigade, July 5, 1776 • ensign Col. Thompson's Battalion, " Detached Militia," July 18, 1776 ; also captain First Battalion. Rynear Staats, lieutenant Second Battalion ; wounded at battle of Ger- mantown. Pa., Oct. 4, 1777 ; pro. to captain. Richard Stite*, captniu First Battalion, Feb. 9, 1776; captain Col. Hunt's Battalion, July 5, 1776 ; resigned July, 1776 ; captain Col. Thompson's Battalion, John Stryker, captain troop light-horse of Somerset; also captain of "troopers'' in State aei-vice. Buloff Sutfin, first Ueutenant Capt. Porter's company, First Battalion, March 7, 1777; pro. to captain; wounded August, 1779. 92 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Coonrad Ten Eyck, eergeant Second BattaUon; pro. to captain Second Battalion. Jacob Ten Eyck, lieutenant First Battalion ; pro. to captain First Bat- talion. Coi-neliuB Tunieon, private Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, Firat Bat- talion; pro. to sergeant, to lieutenant, to captain, Philip Van Arsdalen, captain First Battalion. Abraham Yan Nest, ensign Second BattaUon ; pro. to captain. Eynear Teghte, lieutenant Second Battalion ; pro. to captain. John Toorhees, ensign Capt. Duryea'a company, Firat Begiment; pro. to captain. Peter G. (Van) Voorheea, second lieutenant. Continental army, Nov. 29, 1775; first lieutenant ditto, Sept. 18, 1776 ; captain First Battalion, Second Establishment, Nov. 1, 1777 ; also captain First Begiment; captured and killed by Tories near New Brunswick, Oct. 26, 1779. Daniel Wentzel, ensign State troops; pro. to captain, also captain Fii-st Battalion. David Wentzel, ensign State troops ; also captain. James Wheeler, ensign Capt. Ten Eyck's company, Second Battalion ; pro. to captain. Nathan All, lieutenant Capt. Duryea'a company, First Battalion. Peter Allen, lieutenant First Battalion. Samuel Annin, private; pro. to lieutenant. Jacob G. Bergen, lieutenant; lieutenant commanding guard at Princeton. Deuice Bier, lieutenant. [Name aleo given as Dennis Byn.] Rjbert Bolmer, lieutenant First Battalion. John Brocaw, lieutenant First Battalion ; killed Oct. 4, 1777, at German- town. Abra:ham Dement, lieutenant First Battalion. William Frazer, lieutenant First Battalion. George Hall (son of Edward), private Capt. Ten Eyck's company. First Battalion; pro. lieutenant. Lane, lieutenant First Battalion. John Swain, sergeant Capt. Bury ea's company, First Battalion; pro. lieu- tenant. John Ten Eyck, lieutenant ; killed June 17, 1777, at Millstone, N. J. John Tharp, lieutenant; in service until close of war, John Todd, lieutenant. James Van Horn, lieutenant First Battalion. Peter Welch, lieutenant. James Whalen, lieutenant First Battalion, Stephen Whitaker, lieutenant Capt. Ten Eyck's company. First Bat- talion. Joseph Gatterlin, first lieutenant Capt. Smalley's company, First Battal- ion ; lieutenant Capt. Outwater's company, and in Capt. Peter Ward's company. State troops. Joseph, Catherland, first lieutenant Capt. Ten Eyck's company, First Bat- talion, Nov. 11, 1777. Abram Dumont, first lieutenant Capt. Ten Eyck's company. First Bat- talion, July 8, 1776. Aaron Longstreet, first lieutenant Capt. Houston's company, Second Batr talion, Feb. 28, 1776. Peter Low, private Capt. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. first lieutenant ; firat lieutenant Capt. Stites' company, July 6, 1776 ; fii-st lieutenant Col. Thompson's battalion, "Detached Militia," July 18, 1776; also first lieutenant Continental army. James Stockton, ensign Capt. Houston's company, Second Battalion, Feb. 28, 1776 ; first lieutenant Capt. Moore's company, April 28, 1777. Zebulon Barton, second lieutenant Capt. Houston's company, Feb. 28, 1776. John Bennett, second lieutenant Capt. Ten Eyck's company, Second Bat- talion. Philip Folk, private Capt. Ten Eyck's company; pro. sergeant ; pro. en- sign, Aug. 20, 1777; pro. second lieutenant, Nov. 11, 1777. Derrick Lane, second lieutenant Capt. Stites' company, July 5, 1776 ; also captain Continental army. Isaac Manning, second lieutenant Capt. Smalley's company, First Bat- talion. Isaac Vanardsdalen, second lieutenant Capt. Ten Eyck's company, First Battalion, July 8, 1776. Peter Vandeventer, second lieutenant Capt. Porter's company, First Bat- talion, March 7, 1777. John Van Neste, second lieutenant Capt. Ten Eyck's company, First Bat- talion, Dec. 3, 1776. Jasper Brokaw, private ; pro. to ensign. James Hambleton, ensign Capt. Moore'a company, Second Battalion, April 28, 1777, Isaac Parker, ensign Capt. Smalley's company. First Battalion. Joakim Quick, ensign Capt. Vroom's company. Second Battalion. Cornelius Suydam, private Capt. Ten Eyck's company; pro. corporal and ensign in State troops. Matthiaa Sharp, ensign Capt. Porter's company, March 7, 1777. Peter T. Stryker, ensign Capt. Henry Sparks' company, Second Bat- talion. Andrew Ten Eyck, private Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company; teamster ditto ; pro. corporal, sergeant Minute-men; ensign Capt. Ten Eyck'a company, First Battalion, June 19, 1778. Jacob Ten Eyck, Jr., private Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, July 8, 1776 ; pro. ensign. Isaac Vantyle, ensign Capt. John Sebring's company. First Battalion. Isaac Voorhees, private; pro. corporal, sergeant, and cornet of troop light-horse. Daniel Ammerman, private Capt. Ten Eyck's company; pro. sergeant. George Auton, private Capt. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. corporal and sergeant. William Beekman, sergeant Capt. Duryea's company, First Battalion. Isaac Bennett, private ; pro. sergeant. Burgum Brocaw, sergeant Capt. Ten Eyck's company. Evart Brocaw, private Capt. Ten Eyck's company; pro. corporal and sergeant. Derrick Brocaw, private Capt. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. corporal and sergeant. Samuel Brown, sergeant Capt. J. Ten Eyck'a company. First Battalion. Isaac Cool, sergeant Capt. Moore's company, Second Battalion. Derrick Demit, sergeant Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. First Battalion. Frederick Ditres, private Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. to sergeant. Derrick Dow, private Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company; pro. td sergeant. Fulkert Dow, private Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. to sergeant ; also in State troops, and private in Continental army. Minne Du Bois, private Capt. Vroom's company, Second Battalion; pro. to sergeant. Mauicus Duboys, sergeant Capt. Coonrad Ton Eyck's company, Second Battalion. Aaron Hageman, private ; pro. to sergeant. Rolif Hageman, sergeant Capt. Duryea's company, First Battalion. Garret Harris, private Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company ; sergeant Minute- men. Christian Hoagland, private Capt. Vroom's company ; pro. to sergeant. Joseph Kennan, private ; pro. to corporal and sergeant. Elijah Leigh, sergeant Capt. Moore's company, Second Battalion. Abraham Messeroll, private ; pro. to sergeant. Morris Miller, private Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. to sergeant ; also sergeant State troops. David Nevius, sergeant Capt. Stryker's troop. John Perrine, sergeant Minute-men; sergeant Capt. J. Ten Eyck'a company. Hendrick Post, private Capt. Vroom's company ; pro.'to sergeant. John Powlson, sergeant Capt. Duryea'a company, First Battalion. John H. Schenck, private Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. to ser- geant. Thomas Sortore, sergeant Capt. Duryea's company. Enoch Stillwell, sergeant Capt. John Sebring's company. Benjamin Taylor, private Capt. Vroom's company ; pro. to sergeant Conrad Ten Eyck, private Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company ; pro. to sergeant. Hendrick Teple, private Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; pro. to ser- geant. John Tilyer, sergeant Capt. Duryea's company, First Battalion. George Todd, sergeant Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. John Van Ai-sdalen, sergeant Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Abraham Van Arsdalen, private Capt. Vroom's company; pro. to ser- geant. Abraham Van Dorn, sergeant Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Cornelius Van Dyke, private Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. to ser- geant. Andrew Van Middlesworth, private Capt. Vroom's company; pro. to John Van Nortwick, sergeant Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Abraham Van Voorhees, sergeant Capt. Sebring's company. Jacobus Van Voorhees, private Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. to Abraham Voorhees, sergeant Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company, First Bat- talion. Jacob Voorhees, private Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company, First Battalion. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 93 Nathaniel Whitaker, private Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company ; pro. to ser- geant. Cornelius Willet, sergeant militia. Jonathan 'Willet, sergeant Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Jacobus Amerman, private Capt. Vrootn's company; pro. to corporal. Jacobua Bergen, corporal Capt. Yroom's company. Abraham Bertron, corporal Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company; pro. from private. James Boylan, corporal Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company; pro. from private. Peter Brokaw, corporal Capt. Vroom's company ; pro. from private. Thomas Covert, corporal Capt. Vroom's company. Cornelius Coshaw, corporal Capt. Duryea's company, First Battalion. Kichard Davis, corporal Capt. Duryea's company, First Battalion. Abram Defresh, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; pro. from private. John Dumont, Jr., corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, First Bat- talion. Cornelius Eraser, corpoml Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; pro. from private. William Hula, corporal Capt. Moore's company, Second Battalion. Benjamin IngersoU, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, First Battalion. John Lake, corporal Capt. Moore's company, Second Battalion. Azariah Parker, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Peter Post, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; pro. from pri- vate. John Storms, corporal Capt Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; corporal State troops ; also private Continental army. Bernard Striker, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Gilles Sutphen, corporal Capt. Duryea's company. Abraham Tan Arsdalen, corporal Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Philip Van Arsdalen, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Isaac Van Clefe, corporal Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Peter Vanderbergh, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; corporal State troops ; also private in Continental army. Benjamin Van Dorn, corporal militia. George Van Nest, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; pro. from private. Isaac Voorhees, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, First Bat- talion. Abraham Vourhase, corporal Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Sec- ond Battalion. Jacob Winter, corporal Capt. Vroom's company. John Wortman, corporal Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company; pro. from private. Philip Toung, corporal Capt. Duryea's company, First Battalion. Joseph Hagerman, musician, militia. Gilbert Lane, drummer Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Abram Van Voorhees, drummer Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. David Bertram, fifer Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. David Britton, fifer Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. McDonald Campbell, fifer Capt. Corey's company, First Battalion ; fifer State troops ; also fifer in Continental army. Bargun Covert, fifer Capt. Vroom's company. Caleb Fulkerson, fifer, James Hunt, fifer Capt. Ten Eyck's company. Abram Lott, fifer. John Nortwick, fifer Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Peter Stryker, fifer Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Andreas Ten Eyck, teamster Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Jacob Ten Eyck, teamster Capt Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Peter Ten Eyck, teamster Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Lewis Harthough, wagoner Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. William Hey, wagoner Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Henry Southard, wagoner Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. James Voorhees, wagoner Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Martin Voorhees, wagoner Capt. Duryea's company. James Wintersteen, wagoner Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Acans, John. Aldhood, John. Allan, David, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck'fj company. First Battalion. Allan, Joseph, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, First Battalion. Allen, John. Allen, Nathan. Allen, Robert. Allen, Samuel, also in Continental army, Capt. Martin's company ; transferred to invalid corps, July 28, 1778 ; discharged Nov. 1, 1783 ; leg amputated. Amerman, Albert, Capt. Vroom's company, Second Battalion. Amerman, Daniel, Jr., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. First Battalion. Amerman, David, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Second Battalion. Amerman, John, Capt. Vroom's company. Second Battalion. Amerman, Powell, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company, Second Bat- talion. Amerman, Powell J. Andrews, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Andrews, Malcom, Capt, Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Andrews, Michael. Andries, Michael, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company, Andries, Robert. Anson, John. Appleberry, Ambrose, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Appleby, Amos, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Appleman, David, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Archer, John, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Areuts, Stephen. Armstrong, George. Armstrong, Thomas. Armstrong, William. Arrowsmith, Benjamin, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Arrowsmith, Nicholas. Arrowsmith, Thomas. Atten, Joseph. Auten, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, Auten, Thomas, Capt. John Sebring's company, First Battalion. Auten, Thomas, Capt. Vroom's company, Second Battalion. Ayers, David, Ayers, Joseph. Babcock, William. Baird, Eobert. Bakeman, Magness. Baker, Elias. Ballard, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. First Battalion. Ballard, Nathaniel. Barclay, Joseph. Barger, John. Barkley, George, Barkley, Hugh. Barkley, John. Barkley, Joseph. Bartley, John. Battow, Lifeless, Capt. John Sebring's company. Beam, Henry, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Beam, Henry, Jr., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Beard, Robert. Bebout, Peter. Beckman, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Bedine (Bodine), Nicholas. Bedyne (Bodine), John. Beedle, Jacob. Beekman, John, First Battalion, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Beekman, Lawrence. Beckner, Michael. Belew, Daniel. Bell, William. Bellard, John, Second Battalion, Capt. Vroom's company. Belly ou, Cornelius. Bennett, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Bercan, Benjamin, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Bercan, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Bergen, Hendrick. Berham, Everet, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Berkley, Hugh. , Berkley, John. Berry, James D, Berry, Peter. Bishop, Aaron, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Bishop, Moses, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Blackford, Benjamin, Blackford, Daniel, Blaw, William. Blear, Robert. 94 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Blew, Abram. Blew, Frederick. Blew, Isaac, Capt Duryea's company. Blew, John. Blbw, William, Capt. Duryea's company, Bloodgood, Phineas. Bloodgood, Phenice. Blow (or Blue), Michael. Blue, Cornelius. Blue, Daniel, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Blue, Heudrick, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Board, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Bookman, George, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Bookman, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck'e company. Bodewine, Peter, Capt. Jones' company. Second Battalion. Bodewine, William. Bodley, Nathan, Capt. Parker's company; also State troops; and Conti- nental army, Capt. Ballard's company. Third Battalion, Second Es- tablishment. Bolmer, Garret. Bond, Benjamin. Bond, Jacob. Bonnel, Jacob. Boorum, Jacob. Bours, James. Bowers, William. Boyd, Alexander. Boyd, William. Boylan, Aaron, Capt. Parker's company ; also State troops ; and Conti- nental army, Capt. Piatt's company. Boylan, John. ' Boyles, Jonathan. Bracket, Nathaniel. Brady, James. Breese, Garret, also captain and conductor of Team Brigade. Breese, John. Bress, Cornelius, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Brewer, George, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, First Battalion. Brewer, George, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company, Second Battalion. Brewer, John. Brickman, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Bright, Philip. Brinson, John. \ Britt, Philip. Brittain, Jeremiah, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; State troops ; and sergeant in Continental army, in Capt. Piatt's company. Britton, Abraham, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Brocaw, Adam, Capt. Porter's company ; also Continental army. Brocaw, Benj., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Brockover, Peter. Brockaw, Abraham, Capt. Vroom's company. Brockaw, Casparus, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Brockaw, George, Capt. Vroom's company. Brockaw, Isaac. Brockaw, Richard. Brookhead, Benj., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck'a company. Brooks, Isaac. Brown, Adam, First Battalion ; also State troops; and Continental army, Capt. Piatt's company. Brown, George. Brown, Gilliam. Brown, John. Bruner, Jacob. Bullas, Adam, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Bnrdine, Wilson. Burgie, Thomas. Burkfield, Thomas. Bushfield, Thomas. Butler, James. IJutterfoss, Andrew, also in Continental army, Capt. Martin''s company. Buys, Jacob. Buzzy, Mathews, Capt. Moore's company; State troops, and Continental army. Caldwell, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Caldwell, William. Campbell, Alexander, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Campbell, Archibald, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Campbell, John. Carbon, Christopher, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Carens, John. Carle, Ephraim T., Capt. Baird's company; also State troops, and Conti- nental army. Carman, John, Capt. Duryea's company. Carmer, John, militia. Castner, James, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Catalyou, Henry. Catolin, Joseph. Cavaleer, Job n. Chambers, John, Capt. Moore's company. Cliambers, Roland, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Chandler, John. Chandler, Peter. Chapman, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck'a company. Chapman, William. Charles, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Christopher, John. Clark, James, Capt. John Sebring's company. Cleare, Godfrey, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Clendenning, Isaac. Cloason, Ebenezer. CluBon, Josiah. Coach, Jacob. Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Cobb, Mathias, Capt. Parker's company; also State troops; and Bergeant in Continental army, Capt. Coxe's company. Cock, Henry. Cock, Jacob, Capt. Vroom's company. Cock, Jacob W., Capt. Vroom's company. Cock, William. Cocke, William, First Battalion, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company Coe, Jacob. ColUna, Abraham. Colter, Alexander, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Colter, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Colwell, John. Colwell, William. Colyer, Moses, First Battalion. Colyer, Thomas. Combs, Charles, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Combs. Samuel, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Compton, Jacob, Capt. Quick's company; also in State troops, Compton, Joseph, troop light-horse. Compton, Richard, Capt, Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Conaway, John, Capt. Moore's company. Second Battalion. Conelyou, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Conelyou, William, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Conk ling, Josiah. Conover, David, Capt. Duryea's company. Conover, John, Capt. Moore's company. Cook, George, First Battalion ; also in State troops ; and Continental army, in companies of Capts. Piatt and Phillips. Cook, Henry, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Cook, Jacob. Cool, David, Capt. Moore's company. Coole, Peter. Coon, Aaron. Coon, Abijah. Coon, Daniel, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, and Capt. Corey's com- pany ; also in State troops, and Continental army. Coon, Ebenezer. Coon, Felty. Coon, Levi, Fii-st Battalion. Coon, Peter. Coon, Euny. Cooper, John. Cooper, Thomas. Copton, Richard, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Corlow, Benjamin. Cornelison, Garret, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Cornell son, John. Cornell, Cornelius (1st). Cornell, Cornelius (2d). Cornell, Joseph, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Gorrington, Archibald, First Battalion. Corrington, Benjamin. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 95 Corshon, Joseph. Corahon, Joshua. Cortleyou, Hendrick. Corwell, Cornelius. Coshow, Abraham, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck'a company. Cosbow, George, Coshow, Jacob, Capt. Vroom's company. Covenhoven, Denice. Covenhoven, Joseph. Covert, Burgum, also in Continental army. Covert, Daniel. Covert, Jacob. Covert, John. Covert, Thomas, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Covert, Tunis, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Craig, Moses. Crane, Asa, First Battalion; also State troops, and Continental army. Creesey, James. Crolns, John. Ci-oss, Samuel. Crow, Garret, Capt. Moore's company, Second Battalion ; also State troops, aud Continental army. Cryer, John. Cummins, Jacob. Cummins, John, also in State troops. Cumpton, John, First Battalion, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Cunningham, Matthew. Daley, Nicholas, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. First Battalion. Dan, William, Capt. Duryea's company. DaiKildson, William. Davis, James, Capt. Moore's company. Davis, John, Capt. C. Ten Eyck'a company. Davis, Samuel, Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Davis, Thomas, Capt. Baird's company; State troops; also Continental army, First Battalion, Second Establishment. Davison, William. Deamell, Patiick. De Camp, John, Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Decker, John, Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Decker, Peter. Defresh, Isaac, Capt. J. Ten Eyck'a company. De Hart, Hendrick (or Henry). Demott, Peter. Demund, Tenes (or Tunis). Deniante, John. Dennis, Reuben, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Dennis, Robert. Dickson, Alexander. Dickson, William, First Battalion; also State troops, and Continental army. Dildine, John. Dillen, Peter. Disbrow, Joseph, Lieut. Bergen's company. Ditmars, Johannes. Ditmars, Peter, Capt. Vroom's company. DitmoB, Frederick, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Ditmos, John. Ditmos, Peter. Doaran, Joseph. Doran (or Doren), Cornelius. Dortan, William. Doty, Jeremiah, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Doty, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Doty, John, Jr., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Doty, Peter, First Battalion; also State troops; and Continental army; Capt. Piatt's company. Doty, Skillman. Doty, Zebulon. Doty, William. Dougherty, John. Doughty, Francis. Doughty, Jeremiah, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Doughty, John, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Doughty, Levi, Dow, John, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Dow, John, Jr., Capt, J. Ten Eyck's company. Dowelson, John, Capt. J. Ten Eyck's company. Downey, William, Capt. Moore's company ; State troops, and Continental army. Drake, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Drew, Thomas. Du Bois, Nicholas, Capt. Vroom's company, Second Battalion. Ducker, Peter. Dumon (or Dumond), Hendrick, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Dumon (or Dumond), Peter, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Dnmon (or Dumond), Peter P. Dumont, Albert, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Dumont, Elbert, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Dumont, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company Dumont, John B., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Dumont, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Dumont, Peter J. B., Capt. Vroom's company. Du Mott, Abraham, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Du Mott, Barent, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Du Mott, Benjamin, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Du Mott, Dirck. Du Mott, Lawrence, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Duncan, John. Dunham, John. Dunning, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Dunn, Jonathan, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck'a company. Dunn, Ben ben. Dunn, William. Dunster, James. Dunvier, Thomas. Durland, Linus. Durling, Samuel. Duychinck, James, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Dwire, Thomas, Capt. Vroom's company. Edgar, Archibald. Edwards, John. Ellis, Joseph, Lieut. Bergen's company. Emens, James. Emens, John. Emmons, John, Eoff, Cornelius. Estle, William. Evans, William, Lieut. Bergen's company. Evans, William, Capt. Babcock's company; also State troops; and Conti- nental army. First Battalion, Second Establishment. Exsen, Abner. Fairchjld, Hezekiah. Fantine, Rine. Fayer, Christian, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Ferguson, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Fine, Abram. Fisher, Charles, Capt. Moore's company. Fisher. Henry, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Fisher, John. Fisker, Hemy, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Ford, Charles. Foreman, Walter. Fort, Benjamin. Fort, Francis. Fort, Henry. Fort, Joseph. Fort, Thomas. Forth, Francis. Forth, Phineas. Eraser, Christian, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Frazee, Henry. Frazee, Reuben. French, David. French, Joseph, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck'a company. French, WilUam, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Fristler, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Fulkerson, Cornelius. Fulkerson, Fulkert, Capt. Coonrad TenEyck's'company. Fulkerson, Henry. Fulkerson, Hans. Fulkerson, John, also in the Continental army. Fulkerson, PhiUp, Capt. John Sebring's company. Fulkerson, William. Furmau, Edward, Capt. Duryea's company. 96 HUNTEKDON AND SOBIEKSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Furman, Waters, Capt. Duryea'e company. Fusler, Jacob, Jr., Capt. Jacot Ten Eyck's company. Fueler, Luke, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Fusler, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Gad, Alexander, Capt. Moore's company. Gad, William, Capt. Moore's company. Ganno, George. Garrison, Bernardug. Garrison, Dirck, Capt. Troom's company. Garrison, Garret. Garrison, George, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Garrison, John. GaiTitaon, Kem. Garritson, Samuel. Gasling, Joseph. Gaston, Hugh. Gaston, Robert, Geddes, John. Ghulick, Derrick. ' Gibbe, John, Second Battalion, Capt. Fulkerson's company; also State troops, and Continental army. Gilmore, David. Gilmore, John. Gilmore, William. Goble, Hugh. Colder, Abraham, Capt. Sti-yker's troop light-horse. Goldtrap, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Goltry, Thomas, Capt. Sebring's company. Gordon, John. Gray, Isaac, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Gray, Joseph. Gray, William. Green, William. Griggs, William, Capt. Yroom's company. Gulick, Abraham (or Abram). Gulick, John, First Battalion, Capt. Duryea's company. Gulk, Joakim, Hagaman, Adrian. Hagaman, Andrew. Hagaman, John. Hagaman (or Hegeman), Peter. Hagerman, Eulif, Second Battalion, Capt. Babcock's company. Hairville, James (given also as Hanville). Hall, George (son of Edward), First Battalion, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Hall, George (son of Henry), First Battalion, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Hall, Isaac. Hall, Thomas, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. JIamiltoD, James. Hand, Christopher. Handley, Ezekiel. Handley, Jeremiah. Hannah, William. Harbough, Tuer, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Hardenbrook, Isaac. Hardenbrook, Lewis. Hardenbrook, Peter. Harder, Christian. Harder, Henry. Harder, Philip, also express-rider. Harpending, Andrew. Harris, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Harris, Samuel, Capt. Corey's company; aleo State troops ; and Conti- nental army, Capt. Foreman's company. Hartshorn 6, Lewis, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Hartfihough, Lucas, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Hartsough, Aug., Capt. Troom's company. Hause, John. Hegeman, Aaron. Hegeman, Benjamin. Helbert (or Helebrant), Da^id, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Henry, Jamea. Henry, Peter. Herder, Christian, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Herns, John. Herrod, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Hewyard (or Heyward), Benjamin. Heyers, Benjamin, Hickley, Timothy. Hinds, Frederick, Second Battalion ; also State Troops. Hinds, John, also in the Continental army, Third Battalion, First Estab- lishment. Hinds, Robert. Hise, Jacob. Hoagland, Abram, Capt. "Van Nest's company ; also State Troops, and Continental army. Hoagland, Albert:. Hoagland, Harman A., Capt. Troom's company. Hoagland, Henry. Hoagland, Hermanus, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Hoagland, Jacob. Hoagland, Johannes, Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Hoagland, John, Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Hoagland, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Hoagland, Lucas, Capt. Troom's company. Hoagland, Luke. Hoagland, Martin, Lieut, Bergen's company. Hoagland, Peter, Capt. Troom's company. Hoagland, Samuel, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Hoagland, Tunis, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company (also express- rider?). HofF (or HufF), Dirck, Capt. Troom's company. HofF, Nicholas, Capt. Quick's company. Second Battalion ; wounded at Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777. Hog, James, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Honny, William. Hosborn, Cooper. Hosborn, John, Houghland, John. Howell, David, Capt, Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Howk, Philip. Hudson, Thomas, Huff, Isaac. Huff, John, First Battalion, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. HufF, Moses. Huff, Nicholas, Second Battalion, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Huff, Peter, also in the Continental army. Huff, Richard, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Huff, Tunis. Hulfiish, John. Hunter, Andrew, also in Continental army, Ingard, Benjamin, Capt. Jacob Ton Eyck's company; pro. to corporal, Jasper, Richard, Capt. Quick's company ; State troops, and Continental ai-my, Jemison, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Jennings, John, Capt. .Tacob Ten Eyck's company. Johnson, James, Capt. Jacob Ton Eyck's company. Johnson, John, First Battalion; also State troops. Johnson, Samuel. Johnson, William. Johnston, John, Capt. Parker's company, First Battalion. Jones, Daniel, Capt. Lott's company. Second Battalion. Jones, Henry, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Jones, James, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Jones, Samuel. Jones, William. Juel, LIcha, Capt. Moore's company. Second Battalion. Kelly, David, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Kelly, John. Kelly, Samuel. Kennedy, Henry, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company; also troop of light-horse, Kershaw, Abraham. Kershaw, George. Kilpatrick, Andrew, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck*s company. Kilpatrick, Hugh, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. King, David, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Kinnan, John. Kinned, Peter. Kinny, Simon. Kirkpatrick, Alexander. Kirkpatrick, David, wounded June, 1780. Kirkpatrick, Hugh, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 97 Kirkpatricfc, William. KlickDor, George. Lacy, Emanuel. La Fever, Alinert. La Fever, Myndert, Capt. Staat's company, Second Battalion ; also State troops, and Continental army. Lafferty, Denice (or Dennis). Lafler, Coonrad. Lafler, John. Lalne, John. Lake, Garret, Capt. Moore's company. Lane, Gilbert, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Lane, Gulsbert. Lane, Henry, Capt. Duryea's company, First Battalion. Lane, Jacob. Lane, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Lane, Mathias. Lane, Beuben, First Battalion. Lane, Tunis, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Lane, ■William, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, Lange, William, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Lany, William, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Large, John. Lasender, Jacob, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Latham, James. Laton, Thomas. Laughhead, James. Laughhead, William. Lawkerman, Thomas, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Lawrence, Abram. Layton, Thomas. Lee, Daniel. Lee, Samuel. Lee, Thomas, First Battalion ; also State troops, and Continental army. Lefferty, Henry C, First Battalion ; also State troops. Leigh, Elijah, Capt. Duryea's company. Leterah, Cornelius, Lewis, Barnett, Lewis, Barney. Lewis, Edward. Lewis, Jacob, First Battalion; also Continental army. Light, Thomas, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Limbergh, John. Liinbarger, Gabriel, Liner, Isaac. Linn, James. Linu, Joseph. Linn, Robert. Lisk, Abram. Lisk, John, Capt. Troom's company. Ldboc, Charles. Lwfler, Jacob, Capt. Troom's company. Lofler, Philip. Logan, Hugh. Long, Cornelius. Long, John. Lorey, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Lorey, John, Jr., Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Losey, John. Lutt, Abraham, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Low, Abraham, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Low, Abraham, Capt. Yroom's company. Low, Cornelius. Low, John. Lowry, Thomas. Lowsadder, Benjamin. LuparduB, William. Luyster, Peter, Capt. Troom's company. Lyon, Gideon, Capt. Duryea's company. Lyon, Solomon, Capt. Jones' company ; also State troops ; and Continental army, First Battalion, Second Establishment. MacGraw, Barney. Malick, John, also in Continental army. Manfort, Henry. Manning, Clarkson, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Manning, Isaac, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck'a company, Martin, David. Martin, James, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Martin, Jeremiah. Maahat, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Mawe, By near. Maxfield, David. Maybeck, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. McCarron, Hugh. McCarty, Hugh, Capts. Tan Neat's and Jacob Ten Eyck's companies; State troops , and Continental Army, in Capt. Ballard's company, Third Battalion, Second Establishment. McClean, John. McCleary, Daniel, Capt. Porter's company ; also in State troops ; and Capt. Piatt's company, Continental service. McClow, Cornelius. McColem (McColIom), Hugh, Capt. Troom's company. McCollom, John. McConnell, Robert, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. McCoy, Gavin. McCray, James. McCoUum, Jonas, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. McDowell, Ephraim, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. McDuffee, Daniel. McElrath, Thomas. McEowen, William. McEwen, Daniel, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company, McGill, James, Capt. Porter's company ; also in Continental army, Capt. Piatt's company. McGill, John, Capt. Porter's company ; also in Continental army, Capt. Piatt's Company. McGill, Robert, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. McKenney, Cornelius. McKenuey, William. McKey, Joseph. McKin, Andrew, Capt. Moore's company. Second Battalion. McKinney, Joseph, Capt. Corey's company, First Battalion; also State troops ; and Continental army, Capt. Piatt's company. McMackin, Andrew. McManus, William, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. McMortry, Robert. McMurtry, Thomas, First Battalion, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Mc Williams, John. Mealigh, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Meculick, Robert. Meeservie, Conrad, First Battalion ; also in State troops. Melligan, William. Merrill, Andrew, also in Continental army. Messerol, Abram. Messerol, Charles. Middagh, Cornelius, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Midsco (or Mencow), Conrad, First Battalion ; also Capt. Piatt's company, Continental army. Miers, John. Milburn, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Miller, John. Miller, Jonathan. Miller, Marion, First Battalion ; wounded and taken prisoner; died while prisoner at New York, Dec. 3, 1777. Miller, Mercer, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Miller, Moreen, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Milligran, James. Minor, William. Misket, Peter. Mitchell, Benjamin. Moffatt, Samuel, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Moffatt, William. Monfort, Hendrick (or Henry.) Monfort, Peter. Montanye, Abram, First Battalion, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Montanye, Edward, First Battalion, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Montanye, Edward, Jr., First Battalion, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Moore, Isaac. Moore, John (1st), Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Moore, John (2d), Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Moore, Joseph. Moore, Prine. Moore, Rynear. Morris, Dennis, First Battalion, «8 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Morris, States, First Battalion, Capt. Duryea's company. Morris, Sylvester. Mount, Matthew, Second Battalion, Capt. Moore's company. Muler, Frederick. Mullen, James, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Mulloner, Joseph, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Murphy, Thomas. Murphy, William. Myers, John, Capt Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Nail, John, Capt. John Sebring's company. Naphis, Pet-er. Navius,* Christopher, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Navius,* David, Capt. Stryker's troop light-horse. Nephies, John, Capt. Duryea's company. Nephies, Martin, Capt. Duiyea's company. Nevies,* Cornelius. Nevies,* Martinus. Neville, John. Nevins,* Joseph. Newent, Daniel V. Nivins,* RulofF. Nixon, John. Nnrris, Thomas, Capt. Moore's company. Northall, William. Norton, Jacob, Jr., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Nortwick, John. Nurtwick, Simon, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Cake, Jacob. O'Lefferty, Henry, Capt. Parker's company, First Battalion; also Conti- nental army, in Capt. Ballard's company. Oliver, Jerome. Oliver, Nicholas. Ci'pey, Christopher, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Owens, James. Oyers, Benjamin. Pack, William, also Continental army. Packer, Jacob, also Continental army, First Battalion, Second Establish- ment, Packston, William (also given as William Paxon). Pain, Stephen. Pangborn, Peter. Parker, Azariah. Parker, Jacob, Second Battalion, Capt. Staat'g company ; State troops, and Continental army. Parker, James. Parker, John. Parker, Robert. Parkinson, Aaron. Parkinson, Jonathan. Parkinson, Sylvanus, Peach, William, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. First Battalion. Pearson, Matthew (also given as Matthew Pierson). Perlee, Peter, Second Battalion, Capt. Vroom's company. Perrine, James. Perrine, John. Periiae, Nicholas. Perrine, Peter (also spelled Peryn), Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Persee, John. Peterson, Thomas, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Philhower, Christian. Piatt, Abram. Pickens, Alexander, Capt. Corey's company; also in State troops, and Continental amiy. Pitman, Jonathan. Pittenger, Abram. Pittenger, John. Pitts, William. Plum, Samuel. Poke, John. Pope, Birney. Pust, Abraham, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Post, Henry, also in the Continental army. Post, Tunis. Post, William, also in the Continental army. * So spelled in Adjutant-General's Keports, yet most or all maybe intended for Neviua. Pound, Cornelius. Pound, John. Pound, Jonathan. Powelson, Abram. Powelson, Cornelius. Powelson, Hendrick (or Henry). Powelson, John, in companies of Capts. Coonrad and Jacob Ten Eyck. Powelson, Monah, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Probasco, Garret. Probasco, Peter. Pull, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Quick, Garret. Quick, Jacob. Quick, Peter, Sr., Capt. Vroom's company. Quick, Tunis. Ralph, Leroy, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Rapalye, Jeromus. Reamer, George. Reamer, John. (See John Roomer.) Bedding, Chris. Reemer, Lewis, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, Reepley, Baltis. ReynearsoD, Garret. Reynolds, Samuel. Rich, Joseph, also in Continental army, in Capt. Martin's company. Richardson, Joseph, Capt. Staat's company ; State troops, and Continental Army. Rickey, Benjamin. Rickey, Cornelius, Capt. Parker's company ; State troops, and Continental army. Riggs, Jonathan. Riggs, Thomas. Bockefellow, Peter. Rodes, Allan. Rogers, Henry. Roland, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Rolde, John. Rolph, Jonathan, First Battalion ; State troops ; and Continental army, in Capt. Forman's company. Rolph, Richard, First Battalion, Capt. Corey's company; State troops; and Continental army, in Capt, Forman's company. Roomer, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Bosebroom, Garret. Rosebroom, Hendrick (Henry), Capt, Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Ross, James, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Rossburg, John, also in Continental army, Capt. Bond's company, Fourth Battalion, Second Establishment; Capt. Anderson's company, Third Regiment ; disch. April 10, 1783, " worn out in the service." Rubart, John, Capt. Jones' company, Second Battalion ; Continental army, First Battalion, Second Establishment. Buckman, David. Ruckman, Samuel, Capt, Moore's company; also State troops ; and Con- tinental army, in Fii-st Battalion, Second Establishment. Runyan, Richard (Ist). Runyan, Richard (2d), Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Runyan, Yincen, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Bush, Peter. Russell, William, also in Continental army, in Capt. Martin's company. Ryall, Isaac, Capt. John Sebring's comimny, First Battalion. Ryker, Cornelius, Jr. Rynearson, Isaac, Capt. Lett's company. Second Battalion ; State troops ; and in Continental Army, in First Battalion, Second Establishment. Rynearson, Rynier B. Salter, Henry, Sanders, Israel. Sanders, John, Capt. Baird'a company. Second Battalion; also State troops, Sanders, Thomas, Capt. Staat's company, Second Battalion ; State troops, and Continental army. Saums, John, Capt. Vroom's company, Second Battalion. Saunders, John, Saunders, Timothy, First Battalion; also Continental army, in Capt. Piatt's company. Schanck, Abram, troop light-horse. Schanck, Abraham, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, First Battalion. Schanck, John. Schenck, Garret, Capt. Moore's company, Second Battalion. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REVOLUTION. 99 Schenck, Garret, Liewt. Bergen's company. Schenck, Jacob, Capt. Duryeii's company. Schenck, Peter F. Sv.ilman, Thomas, Capt. Moore's company. Sears, Samuel, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; also State troops. Sesirs, Samuel, Capt. Corey's company, First Battalion ; also Continental army, in Fourth Battalion, Second Establishment. Sebring, Abram, Capt. John Sebring's company, First Battalion. Sebring, Cornelius, Capt. John Sebring's company, Firet Battalion. Sebring, Jacob. Sebring, Rodif, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company, Second Battalion. Sebring, Thomas, Capt. John Sebring's company. Sedam (or Suydam), Charles. Sedam {or Suydam), Peter. Sedam (or Suydam), Rick. Seday, Jacob. Sbafer, Peter. Shankler, Andrew. Sharp, Jonathan, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Sickles, Zachariah, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Silcock, Valentine, also Continental army. Simerson, John. Simonson, Abraham (or Abram). Simonson, John. Simonson, Samuel, First Battalion ; also State troops ; and Continental army, in Capt. Anderson's company. Simpson, Allen. Simpson, David. Simpson, William. Siulley, John. Skelton, Thomas, Capt. Moore's company. Skillman, Gerardus, troop light-horse ; also express-rider. Skillman, Thomas, in Capt. Vroom's and Capt. C. Ten Eyck's companies. Slader, Thomas. Sloan, James, Capt. Fulkerson's company. Second Battalion ; State troops ; Continental army, in First Battalion, Second Establishment. Sloat, William. Slover, Isaac. Slover, Jacob. Smalley, Jonas, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Smell, Bobard. Smith, Adam, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Smith, Ethan. Smith, Jeremy. Smith, John, also corporal in Continental army, •Smith, William. Smock, Abram, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Smock, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Smyley, Robert. Snowden, John, Capt. Duryea's company. Solter, Thomas. Soper, Thomas, also in Continental army, in Capt. Martin's company. Sortore, Henry, Capt. Duryea's company. Sortore, Jacob, Capt. Duryea's company. Southard, Richard. Spader, Benjamin. Spader, Bergen. Spader, Jonathan, Capt. Vroom's company, Second Battalion. Spader, William, Capt. Vroom's company, Second Battalion. Sparks, Gabriel, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Sparks, James. Sparks, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Squire, Simeon. Staats, Peter. Staats, Rynear, Capt. Vroom's company. Stapleton, Richard. Steel, Alexander, Capt. John Sebring's company. Steel, Jonathan, Jr., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Steele, John. Steele, John, Jr., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Stephens, Peter. Stephenson, John. Stevens, Joseph, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Steward, Charles. Steward, David, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Steward, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Stewart, Alexander, also in Continental army. Stewart, David, Capt. Corey's company ; State troops ; Continental army, in Capt. Forman's company. Stewart, Robert, also in Continental army. Fourth Battalion, Second Es- tablishment; killed at the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777. Stillwell, Azariah ('* Ezeriah"). Stillwell, Garrec, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Stillwell, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Stillwell, Siaa. Stoll {or Stull), Joseph, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; in Continental army, in Capt. Piatt's company. Storan, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, First Battalion. Stotehoff, Albert, Capt. Vroom's company. Stotehoff, Cornelius, also express-rider. Stotehoff, John. Stout, Benjamin. Stout, James. Stout, John, Capt. Duryea's company. Stout, William. Stryker, Abram, Capt. Quick's company ; State troops ; and Continental army, in First Battalion Second Establishment. Stryker, Abraham, Capt. Vroom's company. Second Battalion. Stryker, Barnet, Capt. Duryea's company, First Battalion. Stryker, Dominicus. Stryker, Isaac, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Stryker, James, troop light-horse. Stryker, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Stryker, Peter, troop light-horse. Stryker, Peter, Capt. Duryea's company, First Battalion. Stryker, Peter, Sr. Stryker, Rano, Capt. Duryea's company. Stryker, Simon. Stuart, James. Stuart, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Sunderlin, Peter. Sutphen, Arthur, Capt. Duryea's company. Sutphen, Derrick. Sutphen, Gilbert. Sutphen, Guisbert, Capt. Duryea's company. Sutphen, John, Capt. Duryea's company. Sutphen, Peter. Sutphen, Ruliff. Sutphen, Samuel. Sutton, Amos. Sutton, John. Sutton, Peter. "*• Sutton, Zebulon. Swaim (or Swain), Isaac, Capt. Duryea's company. Swaim, John. Swim, Isaac. Sylvester, Peter. Sympeen, Cornelius. Tappan, James, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Taylor, Isaac. Taylor, Willet, Capt. Vroom's company. Teeple, George. Teeple, John, Capts. Jacob Ten Eyck's and Sebring's companies. Teeple, Luke, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Ten Eyck, Abram. Ten Eyck, Andreas, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. ' Ten Eyck, Andrew J. Ten Eyck, Andries, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Ten Eyck, Cornelius, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Ten Eyck, Jacob, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Ten Eyck, John. Ten Eyck, Matthias, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Ten Eyck, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Ten Eyck, Withen, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Terhune, Garret, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company; also express- rider. Terhune, Stephen. Teumey (or Teuney), John. Thomas, David. Thompson, Samuel. Thomson, James. Thomson, John. Tingley, Ebenezer. Tingley, Jeremiah. 100 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Todd, David. Todd, James. Todd, "William. Toland, John. Tone, John. Traner, Simon. Tunison, Derrick, in companies of Capts. Jacob Ten Eyck and John Sebring. Tunison, Fulkert, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Tunison, Henry, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck'e company. Tunison, James. Tunison, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck^s company. Ubdike (Updyke), Lawrence, Capt. Duryea's company. TJbdike (Updyke), Rolif, Capt. Duryea's company. Updyke, Brogan. A'^alentine, Borne. Valentine, Jacob, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Tan Allen, Derrick, Capt Lett's company; also State troops, and Conti- nental army. Yan Arsdalen, Abram, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, Caleb. Yan Arsdalen, Capture, Capt, Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, Christian, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, Christopher, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, Cornelius, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, Donald, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, Garret, Capt. Yroom's company. Yan Arsdalen, Harmon. Yan Arsdalen, Hendrick, Jr., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, Henry, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, James, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company ; also State troops ; and Continental army, in Capt. Piatt's company. Yan Arsdalen, John, Capt. Yroom's company. Yan Arsdalen, Noah, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, Philip, Jr., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Arsdalen, Stuffel, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Arsdalen, "Wilhelmus. Yan Asdalen, Jacob, Capt. Duryea's company. Yan Asdol, Hermanus. Yan Asdol, Isaac. Van Audler, Abram, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Ausdaul, Jacob. Yan Beuren, Abram. Yan Beuren, John. Yan Beuren, William. Van Brunt, Nicholas. Van Clafe, Puryas, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company, Yan Cleaf, Garret, also dragoon. Yan Cleaf, Isaac, Yan Corte (Yan Court), John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Court, Michael. Yan Dabecke, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yanderbeak, Andrew. Vanderbilt, Cornelius. Vanderbilt, Jacob, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Vanderbilt, Peter. Yanderdunk, Henry. Yanderveer, John, Capt. Duryea's company, Vanderveer, Matthew. Yanderveer, Peter. Yanderventer, Abram, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yandervoort, Gabriel. Vandewater, Abram, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Dike, Isaac, Capt. Moore's company. Yan Dike, Jacob, troop light-horse. Van, Dike, Jacob, Capt. Moore's company, Second Battalion. Van Dike, John, troop light-horse. Van Dike, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Vandine, John, Capt. Stryker's Troop Light-Horse. Yan Doren, Abram. Yan Doren, Benjamin, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Doren, Burgam, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Doren, Christian, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Doren, Isaac. Yan Doren, Jacob. Yan Doren, Peter. Yan Doren, William. Yan Dorn, Chrystoyan, Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Yan Dorn, Cornelius (1st), Capt. C. Ten Eyck's company. Yan Dorn, Cornelius (2d), Capt, C. Ten Eyck's company. Van Dorn, Jacob. Van Dorn, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company, Yan Duyck, Cornelius, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, Yan Dyck, Frederick. Yan Dyck, John, Capt. Yroom's company. Yan Dyck, William, Capt. Yroom's company. Van Dyke, Hendrick. Van Dyne, Abram. Yan Dyne, Cornelius. Yan Dyne, John. Yan Dyne, William. Yan Harglen, Rynear. Yan Harler, Edward, Capt. Duryea's company. Van Horn, Cornelius. Yan Houten, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Yan Lew, Cornelius. Yan Lew, Denice (or Dennis). Yan Lew, Frederick. Yan Lew, Hendrick. Yan Lew, Jeremiah. Van Lew, John. Van Lew, Peter. Yan Lew, Kichard. Yan Middleswart, Tunis, Sr., Capt. Yroom's company. Yan Middleswart, Tunis, Jr., Capt. Yroom's company. Van Middlesworth, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Van Middlesworth, Thomas, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Yan Muler, Cornelius. Yan Nest, Abram. Yan Nest, Bernard, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Nest, Cornelius. Yan Nest, George, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Nest, Jacobus, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Nest, Jeromus. Yan Nest, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, Yan Nest, Kuliff. Yan Nest, Tunis, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Netten, John, First Battalion ; also in State troops, and Continental army, Capt. Piatt's company. Yan Norden, Daniel. Yan Norden, David. Van Norden, Michael. Yan Norden, Tobias. Van Norsdalen, Philip. Yan Nortwick, Hendrick, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Yan Nostrand, Crisparius. Yan Nostrand, George, also in Continental army. Van Nostrand (or Yan Ostrand), Jacob. Yan Nowdent, Michael. Yan Nuys, Jacobus, in companies of Capts. Yroom and C. Ten Eyck. Van Ostrand, John. Yan Ostrand, Matthew, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Yan Pelt, Abram. Van Pelt, Christian. Van Pelt, Christopher, Capt. Duryea's company. Yan Pelt, Garret. Yan Pelt, Kurlif, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Van Pelt, Teras, Capt. Duryea's company. Van Pelt, Tunis, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Van Sant, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Yan Sickle, John. Yan Sickle, Thomas. Van Sickle, Zachariah. Yan Tine, Bynear. Yan Tyle, Abram. Van Tyle, John, Capt. John Sebring's company. Van Tyle, Orto, Capt. John Sebring's company. Yan Voorheese, Abram, First Battalion ; also in Continental army, Capt. Piatt's company. Yan Voorheese, Abram, Jr., First Battalion ; also in State troops. Yan Voorheese, Ccmrt, Capt. Yroom's company. Van Voorheese, John, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Yan Wagonen, C, Capt. Yroom's company. SLAVERY AND SERVITUDE IN HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET. 101 Van Wagoner, Conrad, in companies of Capts. C. Ten Eyck, Jacob Ten Eyck, and in Stryker's light-horae. Van Zaudt, John, Capt. Duryea'a company, First Battalion. Van Zandt, Peter. Varmon, Nebeiniah. Veghte, Henry. Voorhees, Abraham, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyok'a company. Voorbees, Court, Lieut. Bergen's company. Voorheea, Gerardus. Voorbees, Gilbert, Capt. Duryea's company. Voorhees, Grades, Capt. Dnryea's company. Voorbees, Gnisbert. Voorhees, James, Capt. Duryea's company. Voorbees, Jeremiah, Capt. Bui-yea's company. Voorhees, John, Capt. Stryker's troop Ught-borse. Voorbees, Lucas. Voorbees, Martines. Voorheea, Minnab. Voorhees, Obadiah, Capt. Duryea's company. Voorbees, William. Voorbeese, David. Voorbeese, Garret, Lieut. Bergen's company. Voorbeese, Hendrick (or Heuiy). Voorbeese, Isaac. Voorbeese, Jacob (or Jacobus), Capt. Vroom's company, and Capt. 0. Ten Eyck's company. Voorbeese, Jacques. Voorbeese, Paul, also in the Continental army. Voorbeese, Peter, Capt. Vroom's company, and Conrad Ten Eyck's com- pany. Voorbeese, Ham, Capt. Duryea's company. Voiiuus, Nicholas, Capt. Moore's company. Vorious, Peter, Capt. Moore's company. VuBseller, Jacob, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Vosaeller, Jacob, Jr., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Vosseller, Lucas, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Vtaseller, Luke, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Viisaeller, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Vroom, George. Vvoom, John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Vroom, Peter, Capt. Vroom's company. Wade, Thomas, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Waldron, Bei^jamin. Waldron, Cornelius. Waldron, William, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's comp»ny. W'allace, William. Webb, Matthew, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. WheaTour, Adolphus, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Wheeler, Charles. Wbeeler, Simon. Wbilsou, William, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. White, Denice (or Dennis). ^Vbitenaught (or Whitnack), Andreas. AVhitenaught, John. Whitlock, James, also in the Continental army, in Capt. Bond's com- pany ; taken prisoner Feb. 15, 1777, near Woodbridge. Whortman, John. WickofF, Cornelius. Wickoff (or Wyckoff), John, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Wickoff, Peter, Lieut. Bergen's company. Willet, Samuel. Williams, Cornelius, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Williams, Samuel, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Williams, Stephen. Williamson, Cornelius, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Williamson, James. Williamson, John, Capt. Moore's company. Williamson, Joseph. Williamson, Nicholas. Williamson, William. WilBon, Jacob. Wilson, James. Wilson, John. Wilson, Kindert. Wilson, Shinab. Wilson, Thomas. Wilson, Wm., Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company, and Capt. Stryker's troop. Winans, William, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Wiuings, Benjamin. Winings, Philip, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Winter, Jacob, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company, and Capt. Quick's company; also Continental army, First Battalion, Second Establish- meut Winter, Joseph. Winter, Peter, Capt. Vroom's company. Wintersteen, Jacobus, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Woan, Peter, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Wortman, Andrew. Tates, Ephraim, Capt. Moore's company, Second Battalion. Teagley, Adam. Young, George, Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck's company. Toung, John, Capt. Duryea's company. Toung, Philip, Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. A " census of pensioners for Revolutionary and military services, with their names, ages, and places of residence, 1840," shows that there were living at that date in HUNTERDON COUNTY: BeOilehem Totonship, — Jacob Johnston, 87 ; John Head, 83 ; John Bigler, 84; Leonard Martin, 84 ; John Clifford, 92. Amwell Township. — Jacob Williamson, Sr., 86 ; Peter Williamson, 77 ; John Abbott, Sr., 82 ; Amos Peters, 81 ; Jacob Williamson, 80. Baritan Toionship. — Martin Smith, 84 ; Joseph Gray, Sr., 81 ; John Besson, 90; John Howe, 86. Readington Toionship. — Cornelius Latourette, 85 ; Adrian Johnson, 85 ; Cornelius Messier, 81 ; Edward Mitchell, 85 ; Peter Shirts, Sr., 92, Ldaware Tovmship. — William Dilts, 8G ; Elijah Hummell, 84 ; Tunis Case, 79 ; Andrew Butterfoss, 81 ; James Underwood, 77 ; William Geary, 85 ; Daniel Ent, 83 ; Samuel Barber, 84. Alexandria Tovmship. — Catharine Hoagland, 85; Edwin Dalrymple, 88; John Witing, 77. Lebanon Toionship. — Jacob Nitzer, 97 ; John Blane, 82. Kingwood Tovmship.— John Mires, 81 ; John Bray, 85 ; Richard Heatb, 84 ; Christy Little, 77. TewJcsbury To tfjwTitp.— Christopher Pbilbower, 86. SOMERSET COUNTY: Bedminster TovmsMp. — William Todd, 79; Joseph Annin, 89; Hendi'ick Field, 88. Bernard Township. — Henry Southard, 92; Hannah Van Sickel, 84; Na- thaniel Whittaker, 80; Ziba Norria, 78; Mary Kennan, 76; John Toulin, 69 ; Joseph Kennan, 58. ^anklin Township. — Isaac Brokaw, — ; James D. Perrien, — ; John C, Wyckoff, 83; Ellen Van Tyne, 78. Warrm Tovmship.— John Coddiugton, 78 ; John Pennington, 78. BridgewcUer JbiOTwfttp.— Jacob Degroot, 90; Robert Little, 86; John Steele, Sr., 85 ; Henry Vroom, 83 ; Richard Brokaw, 83 ; Lucius Vos- seller, 83 ; Paul Voorhees, 82 ; Rulif Van Pelt, 82 ; John A. Autin, 78. Hillsborough Township.— Adam ^Bellis, 91; George N. Scbamp, 89; Dinah Van Cleaf, 86 ; Peter Voorhees, 84 ; Peter J. Quick, 81 ; Willet Taylor, 81.' CHAPTER VIIL SLAVEKY AND SERVITUDE IN" HUWTERDON AND SOMERSET. The " Peculiar Institution" in the Seventeenth Century — Servants in the Colonial Days — Indian Slaves — Redemption ers— Laws concerning Slav- ery The Quakers and the Institution — Few Capital Crimes committed by Negro Slaves — Negroes hung for Murdering Whites in Hunterdon and Somerset Counties— Negro Rebellion in 1734 — Abolition of Slavery Manumission — Rev. Dr. Finley and the "American Colonization Society." A FAITHFUL and correct history of those who have lived here before us, must contain some mention of 102 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. the " peculiar institution" which is happily now no more. One hundred and eighty years ago, and dur- ing the century succeeding that time, the inhabit- ants of New Jersey, in common with those of other States, considered slavery no crime, and at that early day it had become one of her institutions. Even the Quaker settlers at Burlington owned negroes, and the Dutch, who came up the valley of the Rarita'n, brought servants with them ; ,so that in 1740 three-fourths of all the corn that was planted and hoed, flax raised and dressed, and other work done, was performed by negro slaves. The records in the clerks' offices of both Hun- terdon and Somerset Counties show that in the first ten years of the present century a large number of the old families still held slaves upon their farms. Under the proprietors persons were imported into the province, as " servants,'' to occupy and improve the land and perform other labors. While these ser- vants did not absolutely forfeit their personal liberty by their engagements with their masters, they were still, in all essential particulars, bondmen, held in servitude, and entirely controlled by those who had brought them into the province for their own profit. It was slavery in everything save the name, — a species of white slavery, — for the servitude was for life, and in some instances included their children also. The constitution of New Jersey, signed Feb. 10, 1664 (0. S.), by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Car- teret,* to encourage planters, promised every freeman who should embark with the first Governor or meet him on his arrival, — provided with a ''good musket, bore twelve bullets to the pound, with bandeliers and match convenient, and with six months' provi- sions for himself," — one hundred and fifty acres of land, and the like number for every man-servant or slavet brought with him provided with the same ne- cessaries. To females over the age of fourteen sev- enty-five acres were promised, and a similar number to every Christian servant at the expiration of his or her term of service. Those going before the 1st of January, 1665-66, were to receive one hundred and twenty acres, if master, mistress, or able man-servant or slave, — and weaker servants, male or female, sixty acres ; those going during the third year three- fourths, and during the fourth year one-half of these quanti- ties. J In a letter from James Johnston, of Spottswood, dated Feb. 13, 1685, " from Piscattaway, in East Jer- * "The Concessions and Agreement of the Lords Proprietors of the Province of New Cajsarea, to and with all and every of the adventurers, and all such as shall settle or plant there." See Appendix to Smith's "Hist, of the Colony ot Nova-Ca>saria," pp. 612-521; also, Bancroft's " Hist. United States" (vol. ii. p. 316, ninth ed.). t Whitehead's "East Jersey under the Proprietary Governments," pp. 38, 39. In a foot-note he says, " Whether any slaves were actually brought to New Jersey under the Concessions is uncertain ; but if so, they must have been very few in number, and probably none were di- rectly imported from Africa for some years thereafter." t In the "Concessions" of the West Jersey proprietors, which were similarly worded, the words " or slave" are omitted.— ifisf. Coll N J n 38. •••.!■ sey," he says : " Dear Brother. ... I stand in need of forty pound value of goods and some Ser- vants."! In 1684, Thomas Eudyard, first represen- tative of Gov. Barclay in the province, claimed " head-lands" for his two daughters and six servants, and received a warrant for two hundred and thirty acres of land, to be surveyed for him on South Eiver. || Many of the early settlers were sent out, in the em- ploy of the different proprietaries and landholders, under such agreements as would afford them the benefits of the head-land grants for each individual brought into the province, fifty acres being allowed to each master of a family, and twenty -five acres for each person composing it, whether wife, child, or ser- vant, each servant to be found three years, at the end of which time he or she was to be allowed to take up thirty acres on separate account. Under this plan there was a shipment from Scotland in 1682, brought out by Eudyard and Groom, and another the follow- ing year, on board the " Exchange,'' Capt. Peacock, which brought thirty-one men- and women-servants under two overseers. This was but the beginning of an extensive traffic in servants, as the records of East Jersey show. Among the names mentioned as figur- ing in these importations we find Gawen Lawrie, William Haige, Thomas Pearson, William Dockwra, John Barclay, Eobert Fullerton, John Campbell, Capt. Alexander Hamilton, David Mudie, Lord Neill Campbell, John Forbes, James Johnstone, George Keith, Charles Gordon, the Scotch proprietaries, etc.1[ It is a fact not generally known at the present day that native Indians as well as negroes were at one time held in slavery in New Jersey. This is proved by occasional references to " Indian slaves" found in ancient records. Such an instance is found in the " Jour- nal of the House of Eepresentatives for the Province of Nova Cesarea, in the Second General Assembly and 1st Sessions, begun at Burlington this 13th day of Nov"', 1704," under date "Die Veneris, A.M. 24° 9'"''', 1704," as follows : " Onliti-cd, That a Bill be Prepared & brought in for y« Speedy tryin)j & Regulating of Negro & Indian Slaves ; & y< M' Hartshorn, Capt. Bown Ac. do prepare and bring in y= same ; And then The H" Adjourned till i a Clock." And in the afternoon session of the same day : " Mr. Hartshorn also (according to Order) presented to y« H" a Bill En- tituled an Act for Regulating Negro, Indian & Molatto Slaves w* was. also read the lirst time." On the 28th of the same month, " The Bill Entituled an Act for Regulating of Negro, Indian & Molatto Slaves was read y= 2i Time & Committed to M' Gordon, M' Wheeler, M' Laurence & M' Smith." i Whitehead's " East Jersey under the Proprietors," p. 444. In the same work (pp. 438-440) is an interesting letter "writ by Peter Watson (who went over a Servant with David Barclay, in the year 1683) to John Watson, Messenger, in Selkirk." The letter is dated "New Perth, the 20th of August, 1684." II Whitehead, p. 106. If Ibid., p. 136. SLAVERY AND SERVITUDE IN HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET. 103 On the 29th, " M' Gordon Reported from y^ ComM to whom y Bill Entituled an Act for Regnlatlng of Negro, Indian and Molatto Slaves was Committed yt tbey had gone thro' y» 8* Bill & made Bev' Amendments thereto, w^h he read in his place, & afterwards delivered it at y Table, where y« same were read & w^ some further Amendments, Agreed to by ye House. Ordered That y® ^ Bill w^b ye Amendments be Engiossed." On the 30th, at the afternoon session, " The Bill Entituled an Act for Regulating of Negro, Indian and Mo- latto Slaves w"iin this Province of N. Jersey was also read yo 3d time. — Besolved that y Bill do pass." The council proposed some amendments to the bill, which were concurred in by the House December 10, and approved by the Governor Dec. 12, 1704. The above, and some other similar fragmentary allusions to the subject, show that Indian slavery existed and was legally recognized in New Jersey ; but, beyond this fact, nothing has been found in ref- erence to its extent or the period of its duration. There also prevailed in New Jersey and adjoining provinces another species of servitude besides negro and Indian slavery, the subjects of it being known as " redemptioners," — a class of persons who sold them- selves for a term of years to pay the price of their passage to the shores of America. These emigrants on embarking signed a bond to the master of the ves- sel authorizing him, on arrival here, to sell them into servitude for a term sufficient to pay the price agreed on for passage. After gaining their freedom many of them succeeded in placing themselves in comfortable circumstances, and some even became wealthy men. Servants of this class were first found along the Delaware River about 1662, and for a quarter of a century after that time domestic or mechanical labor was seldom employed for wages. Many of the re- demptioners who served in New Jersey were from the Palatinate and other parts of Germany, but a few were Irish. Redemptioners from German and Dutch ports were frequently brought over on speculation, and when they landed were sold at public sale. The purchaser had the right to re-sell the services of the poor redemptioners, and he often passed through sev- eral hands before he had served out his term. The price paid for them was usually very low. In the year 1722, at Philadelphia, German redemptioners sold at ten pounds each for five years of servitude, but in some cases they brought more than that sum for a single year. It is related that, in the year 1728, Lord Altham, then a lad, came to this country un- known, and was sold as a redemptioner in Pennsyl- vania, working out his time with a farmer on the Lancaster turnpike. This form of servitude prevailed most along the lower Delaware River and in adjacent parts of Penn- sylvania and New Jersey, but it existed, to a less ex- tent, in both Hunterdon and Somerset Counties. An account is given of the purchase of one of these ser- vants by a member of the Van Horn family, in Read- ington township, Hunterdon Co., as follows : " In accordance ^vlth the custom of that period, the Van Horns bought of a sea-captain the service of a German emigrant for a term of years in order to defray the expenses of his passage to New York. It soon became known that this emigrant waa an excellent mason by trade, and being a shrewd man as well as a good mechanic, he entered into a bar- gain with his employers to build them three stone houses in three suc- cessive seasons (some say they were all to be built within the same year), in lieu of his term of service, which was not less than three years. He fulfilled his contract, and claimed all the time as his own during these seasons in which he was not actually engaged upon these three build- ings."* One of the stone houses referred to as built by the redemptioner (whose name was Caspar Berger), was the old Van Horn house, bearing the date 1757 and the initials " C. V. H.," and standing about half a mile west of White House Station, a little north of the railroad-track. Another is the house now or re- cently occupied by William Pickel, and the third is said to have been the old stone house demolished a few years since by G. C. Gearhart to make room for his new residence. Concerning the identity of this last named, however, there is some doubt. It has been stated that the ancestors of the Ilsly (Inslee?) family who first came to America were indentured under this system as servants to farmers in the vicinity of Woodbridge, or rather that the master of the ship on which they came attempted to sell them, but failed to carry his project through. " There is a tradition, which may or may not be true, that they came over in the old ship ' Caledonia,' the wreck of which for many years was seen on the shore at Perth Amboy by some who are yet (1873) living. It is said that, driven by persecution, the Ilslys, with other Dissenters, were compelled to flee from their homes, which were either in England or in the north part of Scotland, and were allowed by their enemies to depart only because they embarked on the unseaworthy ' Caledonia,' which was confidently expected to founder at sea and engulf the sturdy heretics. But, lo ! they came safely into harbor. Before they landed, however,, the Dutch captain proceeded to bind them over as servants to the planters in the vicinity, according to custom, until certain real or fancied debts in the old country had been discharged. A Mrs. Ilsly, filled with indigna- tion, seized a bar of iron, and, flourishing it over the captain's bead, declared, with emphasis,' that she and the rest had fled from tyranny at home to find quiet in the new land, and that she would not submit to slavery right on the borders of freedom. The doughty captain was cowed by the determination of the brave woman, and saved his head by landing his passengers without the indentures having been executed."t Although the " redemptioners" system had been in existence for many years prior to 1725, yet by far the greater number of these unfortunates were sold to service during the twenty-five years which succeeded that time. After the middle of the eighteenth cen- tury, however, it gradually died out, and finally dis- appeared entirely, though there were occasional in- stances of its practice down to, and even after, the close of the Revolution. The earliest instance of the holding of negro slaves in New Jersey which is found recorded is that of Col. Richard Morris, of Shrewsbury, who had as early as 1680 sixty or more slaves about his mill and planta- * " Our Home," 1873, p. 387. f " Woodbridge and Vicinity," by Rev. Joseph W. Dally, 104 HUNTEKDON AND SOMEESET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. tion.* The inhabitants of the Earitan valley all had slaves as early as 1686 or 1690. In 1790 there were eleven thousand four hundred and tvi^enty-three slaves in New Jersey, of which number about two thousand were in Hunterdon and Somerset ; they had increased to twelve thousand four hundred and twenty-two in 1800, after which the number very rapidly declined. Between 1700 and 1800 the traffic was largely carried on, and records of the sale of Africans are frequently found. In the Woodbridge town records is the fol- lowing : " Know all men by these preeenta y^ J, Shobalt Smith, of Woodbridge, Jn ye County of Middx Jn y^ provence New East Jersey, for and Jn Con- sideration of yi sum of fifty pound Currant Silver money, of y s* prov- ence, to me Jn band paid by Samuel Smith of ye same place yeoman of ye town and provence afores*! do bargain, sell, allineat, and Deliver, one Negro woman Named Phebe to sd SamU Smith, for him, his heirs and ' etc.f It is not to be wondered at that the introduction of negro slavery into New Jersey was coeval with its settlement, when it is remembered that the mother- country not only recognized their existence as prop- erty, but also engaged in the slave trade, and that the -adjoining provinces possessed them ; not even Puri- tanic New England being exempt. J The "Eoyal African Company" was particularly commended to the Governor of New .Jersey (Cornbury) by Queen Anne as deserving of encouragement.^ This was in the year 1702. "The early settlers, in clearing the forests, were much assisted by their slaves. In some families they were numerous. The success of the farm- ers depended on the rapid clearing of the forests, in which they rendered important assistance. " One of the Vleet families (in Somerset County), it was said, owned seventeen slaves, composed of different ages and both sexes. Cornelius DeHart purchased from a slave-vessel a negro girl named Phillis who had been kidnapped, and who waa a daughter of one of the kings of Africa. She related that on the voyage to America she was often terribly fright- ened by some of the crew attempting to feel of her hands, she supposing that it was done for the purpose of ascertaining whether she was in good condition for slaughtering and her carcass to be eaten, as the neighboring tribes of cannibals did in Africa, to avoid which she fasted to cause lean- ness, so as to disappoint them in their expectations, and thereby preserve her life. She was a faithful servant in the family, but had a great desire that a time might come when she would be able to say that she the king's daughter, was free. Her desire in the course of time was granted. Another of her desires was that before she died she might also see her youngest son, Thomas, free, which she was also permitted to see. In her old age Abraham Dehart built a house for her ou his land, in which she enjoyed the freedom so earnestly coveted, and in which she lived and died. Her son Thomas, who was also freed, lived therein with her until she died. Her remains lie buried with those of several of her children in a colored burying-grouud ou the south bank of the Six-Mile-Eun Brook, with others of the Vleet, Van Cleef, and DeHart colored families, located about two hundred yards east of the residence of Ralph Voor- bees, Jr. " Almost every family in former days had places on their farms where they buried their colored dead. About two hundred yards north of the house of Mrs. Peter Hageman is a colored burying-ground where those of the Wyckoff and Hageman families were buried. There was another near the tenant-house of Henry Cortleyou, on the south side of the line between the lands of Van Cleef and Hageman. When the new road was * This seems to conflict with Gordon's statement (p. 29, " Gazetteer") that in the same year there were but one hundred and twenty negroes in bondage in the province. t Liber B, folio 100. X Hist. Coll. N. J.', pp. 88-89. g Smith's Hist, of N. J., p. 254. laid out at that place between the turnpike and the Middlebush road, about iifty years ago, it was objected to and opposed on account of its passing over the colored burying-ground; nevertheless, it was laid there. On each side of the line between the Stryker and StothoflF farms, near Franklin Park, is another, which was established for burying the colored dead of their familieB."|J In 1709 an act of Assembly forbade persons trading with slaves, except by consent of their owners, under penalty of twenty shillings for the first and forty shil- lings for the second offense, one-half to go to the in- former. A negro, if found five miles from his home, was taken up and whipped by the party apprehend- ing him, five shillings being paid for the services. If the negro was from another province, the informer received ten shillings and the negro was whipped by the nearest constable. For conspiracy to kill a white person, for rape, murder, or arson, the negro was to be taken before three justices of the peace and five freeholders, without a grand jury, and if convicted was compelled to suffer death in such manner as the enormity of the crime, in the judgment of the justices and freeholders, seemed meet. The owner of the slave, however, had a right to appeal and have a jury appointed, with liberty to make challenges as in other cases.1[ The same act sets forth : " Whereas such negro so put to death is a great loss to his owner, therefore, to prevent said owner from being under the temptation of withdrawing and secreting said slave, it is provided he shall receive for each man slave executed thirty pounds, and for each woman slave twenty pounds,** to be collected in manner and form to wit: The con- stables to deliver a list of all negro, Indian, or mulatto slaves in their district, between the ages of fourteen and fifty years, at the May and June terms of the Court of Quarter Sessions. When a slave is executed these lists to be taken by the justices of the peace, or any three of them, and the damages assessed." The public whipper was the township constable. The newspapers of those times frequently contained advertisements of negroes " strayed" or " ran away from the subscriber," etc., and in the county records are found registers of births, bills of sale, as well as of manumission of slaves. The Quakers early showed their hostility to the importation of negro slaves : vide the following ex- tracts from the Yearly Meeting's minutes for 1716, meeting held at Burlington, N. J. : " For the Quarterly Meeting at Shrewsberry, Chester meeting pro- poses their concern about the practice of buying negroes imported. Urging that former minutes and orders are not sufficient to discourage their importation,tt and therefore requests that no Friends may buy aoy II Hon. Ralph Voorhees. H Act of 1Y14, Neville's Laws, I, p. 19. ** In the Governor's speech to the Assembly, read on the 24th of Octo- ber, 1707, occurs the following: '^ Gentlemen,— Since I wrote this one thing more Occurs to my thoughts, which is this: I haVe Keceived In- ' formation from very good hands that the Negroes are grown very Inso- lent, and Committ great Enormities, the best Expedient I can recom- mend to you in that case is the passing a law to Settle a price upon the head of every Ncgroe who Shall be put to death in pureuance of the Law, to be paid to the owner of every such Negi-o, this I hope will be a means to frighten them from Committing any the like Enormities for the future."— Journal mid Votes of Oie Souse of Bepresentalives of New Jersey, 1703, p. 128. ft The Yearly Meeting had, in 1696, advised Friends " not to encour- age the bringing in of any more negroes," and recommended that they "be careful of them, bring them to meeting, and have meetings with them in their families." SLAVEEY AND SERVITUDE IN HUNTBRDOR AND SOMERSET. 105 Tiegrro for tbe future. Ab to the proposal from Chester meeting about ni'groes, there being no more iu it than was proposed to the last Yearly Meetiug, this meeting cannot see any better conclusion than what was tliB judgment of the last, and therefore do confirm the same. . . And it is desired that Friends generally do as much as may be [to] avoid buy- ing such negi'ces as shall be hereafter brought in, rather than offend any fi lends who are against it. . . Tet this ia only caution, not censure."* That the conscience of this people was not at rest the following from the Woodbridge meeting, June 17, 1738, shows: " Fiirsuant to a Kequest in the extracts of the yearly meeting nunutea at Philadelphia coDSerning the Importation of negroes & buying them after they are Imported Friends have inquired into it & Do find that four or five years ago Som have bin Imported by a Friend and that it hath bin three or four years Since Friends have bought of them that was Imported and not since to their Knowlidg."-]- For several years the holding of slaves agitated the society. A report to the Monthly Meeting at Plain- field in August, 1774, shows that at this time only one negro "fit for freedom" within the jurisdiction of the society remained a slave.t It is a noticeable fact that so few crimes were com- mitted by the slaves. Pilfering there always was, but it was of a petty character, and perpetrated generally to obtain some luxury not allowed them. Cases of murder, arson, etc., were extremely rare. But two in- stances are known in all the territory of both Hunterdon and Somerset Counties where slaves murdered whites, — that of James Guise, in 1828, who murdered his mistress, in Hunterdon County, and was hung at Flemington ; and the murder of Jacob Van Nest by his slave, about 1753, in Branchburg, Somerset Co., for which the murderer was burned I at Millstone, then the county-seat. II A more extended account of this affair will be found in the township history of Branchburg. Notwithstanding these exceptional cases, the peace- able disposition of the negroes is universally attested ; " and yet," says Dr. Messier, " there had been a sort of rebellion among them along the Earitan in 1734, in consequence of which one at least, if not more, was hung. It is called a ' rising,' and the design was to obtain their freedom, kept from them, as they believed, contrary to the express directions of the king, and the plan was to murder all the whites and then join the Indians in the interest of the French, but it failed to do any real harm or have any results. There seems to be, and no doubt was, a connection * Daily's Woodbridge and Vicinity, p. 73, et 8eq. t Ibid., p. 74. X Ibid., p. 218. I This is not the only instance of this mode of punishment. Burning for capital offenses was the fashion, rather than hanging, in the early days. In Perth Amboy two slaves were burned within two weeks of the time of the perpetration of the crime. y '* We have notice of a case of arson succeeded by a public execution, a-rid also of the murder of one slave by another." — Meml^a Siel. Somer- t-it County, p. 128. The case of arson here mentioned by Dr. Messier must be that of Tobey, negro slave of Mary Middagh, of Hillsborough, Somerset Co., tried, found guilty, and hung in 1780,— an example of swift Jersey justice. He was executed four days after the indictment 1 between these transactions and tbe famous ' negro plot' of New York in 1741. Another 'rising' was feared in 1772, but precautionary measures were adopted, and the excitement passed off." " An act had been passed as early as 1713 levying a duty on the importation of negroes, but it seems not to have been enforced. It was forty shillings in East New Jersey, and six pounds in West New Jersey." This inequality in the tax was obviated by subsequent enactments, which continued in force until the Revo- lution. " It ought to be noted, also, as an evidence in favor of the gentleness and amenity of domestic slavery in our country, that when the slaves were invited by the British in the Revolution to' abandon their homes and seek refuge in their armies, very few of them responded. The In- dians were deceived into activity and fought bravely for their natural enemies, but the slaves remained in quietness. There were, in fact, slaves enough in the country to have decided the contest against us, if they had generally entered the armies of our enemies. *' When Sunday-schools were introduced the negroes were largely benefited by them" [and many became members of .Christian churches]. "But in the old church of Raritan, after the Great Revival, was the largest number. At one cotamuuion season sixty-eight colored persona came down from tbe galleries and sat down at the table, spread then, according to older customs, in the middle aisle of the church. Most of these are now no more, but during their life they maintained a consistent demeanor, and died in the hope of a better condition."l[ From Feb. 24, 1821, dates the first legislative action having for its object the abolition of slavery. It provided that the children of all slaves in New Jer- sey born subsequent to July 4, 1804, should have their freedom upon attaining to the ages of twenty- five and twenty-one for males and females respec- tively. Under the operations of this humane legisla- tion slavery gradually expended its existence. The people of this section generally favored the emanci- pation, and many even anticipated legislation in free- ing their slaves. Moore Furman in 1784,** the heirs of George Opdyke in 1796, the heirs of Richard Green in 1798, Joseph Capner in 1799, John Lambert, Jr., in 1808, and a host of others, manumitted slaves prior to any legislative action looking to their liberation. It is an honor to Somerset County that one of her citizens, Rev. Robert Finley, D.D., was the pioneer in efforts for the formation of the " American Coloniza- tion Society," — an institution which has done much in the past for the amelioration of the condition of the colored race and in christianizing Africa. T[ Rev. Abraham Messier, D.D. ** We find in the records of the Hunterdon County clerk's oflBce, dated Jan. 7, 1784, that the sheriff executed the following: " To ALL CnnisTiAN People to whom these Presents shall come, GREiiTiNG: I, Moore Fui-man, being convinced of the iniquity and in- humanity of slavery, and desirous of discouraging the same, have man- umitted my negro man slave Thomas, and do by these presents manumit, set free, and discharge my negro man Thomas from all bonds and slavery to me, my heirs, and assigns forever. (Signed) "Mooee Foeman." 106 HUNTEKDON AND SOMEESET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. CHAPTER IX. INTEKJNTAL IMPKOVEMEBTTS. I. Boads.— The MiniBink Path— The Old Burlington Path— The " Upper Road" and "Lower Eoad" — The Old "York Road" — The New Jersey Turnpike Company — New Gemiantown Turnpike Company, etc. H. Stages and Stage-Lines. — First Public Conveyance previous to 1702 — Stage-Line between Trenton and New Brunswick — " The Swift-Sure Coach-Line" — The Trenton and Flemington Mail-Coach — Post-road from New Brunswick t» Flemington — Express Lines, etc. III. Tlie Delaware and Raritan Canal, — Its incipiency, Construction, and Com- pletion — Length, Cost, etc. IV. BaUroads. — The Central Railroad of New Jersey — South Branch Railroad — High Bridge Railroad — The Delaware and Bound Brook Railroad — The United New Jersey Rail- road and Canal Company — " The Belvidere Delaware Railroad" — The Fasten and Amboy Railroad, etc. HIGHWAYS— STAGE-ROUTES— BRIDGES— CANALS- RAILROADS. I— .ROADS. The earliest highways in the State of New Jersey were the Indian paths. Mention is made of them in the early Indian title-deeds and old records of com- missioners for laying out roads. The most noted of these, was the "Minisink path," which extended from the highlands of the Navesink to the Earitan, cross- ing at a place called Kent's Neck ; thence along the west side of the Rahway River to Springfield, whence it crossed the mountain and passed near Morristown ; thence to Minisink Island, on the Delaware, — a dis- tance of seventy-five miles. Besides this long path were many others. One ran from Perth Amboy to New Brunswick, where it crossed the Raritan ; froih thence to Sis-Mile Run, and on through the State westward to the Falls of the Delaware. The present road through Six-Mile Run, Kingston, and Princeton was laid out on this path. Another ran from Shrews- bury, through Monmouth County, southerly, after- wards known as the " Old Burlington Path." These Indian paths were located with skill, much attention being given to a careful study of the natural advantages of the ground which they traversed. The hills were ascended by the easiest grade; the most solid ground was selected for crossing a marsh. The streams were forded at a point where they were least liable to be affected by freshets, and in nearly every instance the Indian paths were followed in the loca- tion of the roads that are to-day the great thorough- fares of the State. Previous to 1675 the only road in the State (for the Indian paths, just mentioned, cannot be classed as roads) was that from Elizabethtown Point to where New Brunswick now stands, and probably was the same one that now, widened and improved, is known as the " old road" between those places. This road continued almost in a straight line to the Delaware above where Trenton now stands. The Raritan and Delaware Rivers were both forded at low water, there being no bridges ; but later, ferries were established. This was called the "upper road," to distinguish it from another, which later was opened to Burlington, branching off from the old road some five or six miles from the Raritan, and arriving by a rather circuitoua route at the site of the present Burlington. This road was called the "lower road."* These roads were at the first little more than foot- paths, and the " upper" one was for most of its dis- tance laid out on the old Indian path. " Even as late as 1716, when a ferry had been established at New Brunswick for twenty years,t provision was only made, in the rates allowed by Assembly, for ' horse and man' and ' single person.' The sum required annually to keep this road in repair was only ten pounds." The "Old York Road," which started in Philadel- phia at a point near what is now known as Fourth and Vine Streets! and ran to the Delaware, crossing at Lambertville, thence through Mount Airy, Ringos, and Reaville to New Brunswick and Newark, was one of the first wagon-roads opened in the State, although it was never surveyed.^ In a deed for land at Rin- gos, dated Aug. 25, 1726, this road is described as " The King's Highway that is called the York Road."|| The first public measures for the improvement or establishment of roads seem to have been adopted in November, 1675, when it was enacted that two men in each town should be appointed "to lay out com- mon highways." In March, 1683, commissioners were appointed " to lay out and appoint" in the dif- ferent counties " all necessary highways, bridges, pas- sages, landings, and ferries, fit and apt for traveling passages and landing of goods."T[ These boards con- tinued for several years, and under their direction the first system of intercommunication was established, and the present generation travel many of the roads laid out by them.** The " New Jersey Turnpike Company" was incor- porated by act of the Legislature in 1806, which act authorized certain persons, named therein, to con- struct a turnpike road from the city of New Bruns- wick to Phillipsburg, passing through the counties of Somerset, Hunterdon, and Sussex (now Warren ).tt The road was completed late in the year 1809, but that portion situated in Hunterdon and Warren Counties was never kept in sufiicient repair to justify the company in collecting toll thereon, and in 1838 the company surrendered it " to the inhabitants of the several townships in said counties of Hunterdon and Warren through which the same passes," in accord- ance with a special enactment of the State Legislature * "New Jersey under the Proprietors," Whitehead, p. 235; Hist. Coll. N. J., p. 41 ; Banker's and Shuyter's Journal, etc. t Established in 1697, and subsequently called "Inian's Ferry," from John luian, who was the first grantee; the privilege to continue during the natural lives of himself and wife at five shilUngs sterling per annimi. } The road still exists there (1880), and is called " York Avenue." § This was not necessary, as it was laid on the bed of the old Indian path. I Rev. Dr. Mott's History of Hunterdon County, p. 10. 1[ Grants and Concessions. ** Whitehead's Bast Jersey and Prop., p. 236. tt Session Laws of New Jersey, 18U0. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 107 passed Jan. 31, 1838.* The indebtedness of the com- pany had not been extinguished, or any dividend paid to its stockholders, until 1841, or later, — over thirty years after the road was first opened.f In the year 1818 the " New Germantown Turnpike Company" was chartered and organised. It com- menced at North Branch, Somerset Co., intersecting and branching off from the Easton and New Bruns- wick turnpike, and ran through New Germantown to its terminus at German Valley. James Honeyman was president, and one of the principal stockholders. Other turnpikes, chartered by the State Legislature between the years 1800 and 1828, running through either Hunterdon or Somerset Counties, were the fol- lowing : March 12, 1806, " Hunterdon and Sussex ;" Feb. 9, 1811, " Farmers'," from Springfield, through Pluckamin, to the Jersey tujnpike, near Potterstown ; 1813, "Spruce Eun," from Clinton, Hunterdon Co., to the Washington turnpike, near Sherrard's mill, (now) in Washington township, Warren Co. ; and in 1813 the " New Germantown," above mentioned. Gordon, in his " History of New Jersey," gives the last turnpike constructed in the State as the " Passaic," in 1828 ; a few years later the canal and railroads di- verted capital from turnpikes into other channels. In another portion of this workj wiU be found a detailed account of the early roads of Somerset County, many of which also extended across Hunter- don County. n— .STAGES AND STAGE-LINES. The only public conveyance through the province previous to the surrender to Queen Anne (1702), of which any knowledge has been obtained, was a wagon on the Amboy road, which, under authority from Governor Hamilton, ran at irregular times and with- out established rates, in connection with the packet- boat to New York.^ Whitehead remarks that this may have been " the Post" between East Jersey and Pennsylvania, several times referred to in the Penn- sylvania Colonial Records. || The earliest mention of stages is found in an ad- vertisement in the Philadelphia Mercury, dated in March, 1733, as follows : "This IB to give notice unto Gentlemen, Merchants, Tradesmen, Travelers, and others, that Solomon Smith and James Moore of Burling- ton : keepeth two Stage Wagom intending to go from Burlington to Amboy, and back from Amhoj' to Burlington again Once every Week, or ofit'er if that Business presents," etc. About this time, a line ran by way of New Bruns- wick, and in 1734 the first line via Bordentown was established from South River to New York, " once a week, if wind and weather permit, and come to the Old-slip." In 1744 the stage-line between Trenton and New Brunswick was established, and ran twice a * Session Laws of New Jersey, 1838. t Acts of General Assembly, 18«, pp. 83, 84. X See Chapter V. General History of Somerset County. § Smith's New Jersey, p. a02. I Col. Records, i., pp. 4*1, 467, 640. week. From New Brunswick it continued east to Amboy, crossing at the Narrows, and thence to Flat- bush and New York. David Mizner, now eighty-two years old and still living at Kingston, was the driver of one of the stages of Robert Bailes for twenty suc- cessive years.f In 1791 there were only six post-ofiices in New Jersey, — Newark, Elizabethtown, Bridgetown (now Rahway), Brunswick, Princetown, and Trenton. Somerset seems to have had no mail facilities at all. " The Swift-Sure Coach-Line" was established very early, — ^before the Revolution, and possibly as early as the Trenton and New Brunswick line, — and ran between Philadelphia and New York, over the " Old York Road," by the way of New Hope, Flemington, Somerville, Bound Brook, Plainfield, Elizabethtown, etc. At the first, possibly, but one trip a week may have been made, later increased to two, and at least as early as 1826 (no doubt earlier) making three trips a week.** The Trenton and Flemington mail-coach com- menced running about 1828 or 1829. From an ad- vertisementft of this line, dated " Bloomsbury, Aug. 17, 1829," we learn that the coach left the " Union Line office, Trenton," for Flemington, every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and left Nathaniel Price's inn, Flemington, for Trenton and Bloomsbury, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. The fare through was one dollar, and we are told that the line was well patronized. In 1832 the " Swift-Sure Mail-Line" was revived between Philadelphia and New York, and "splendid, Troy coaches'' put on by the proprietors, George Car- ter & Co., Philadelphia, John A. Weart, Trenton, and Anderson & McCutcheon, New York. It con- nected with the steamboat " John Marshall" at Eliz- abethtown Point for New York City. Three trips per week each way were made, lodging at Flemington, and the fare was four dollars and twenty-five cents. The post-road from New Brunswick to Flemington was established by Congress early in 1838, and the "New Brunswick, Millstone, and Flemington" Stage" commenced running that year, making tri-weekly If Ealph Voorhees, 18Y3. ** The following advertisement Flemington, of date Jan. 3, 1827 : in the HmUerdon Oazetie, mmM^s^i "NEW TOBK & PHILADELPHIA MAIL STAGE, via New Bope, Flemingtav, Somerville, Bound Brook, Plainjield, Elizabeth- town, &o. PASSENGEES in this line ivill leave Philadelphia at 8 o'clock a.m. oi Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, lodge at Centreville, and arrive in New-York at 2 p.m. of the succeeding days. Likewise leave New- York at half-past 10 a.m. of the days above named, stop at Centreville, and reach Philadelphia at 4 P.M. of Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Fare through 43.60. Way paaaengers in proportion. All baggage at the risk of the owners. " Peter B. Lowe, " One of the Proprietors." "Doc. 27. 1826. f Hmierdon Ornnty Oaaetle, Aug. 26, 1829. 108 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. trips between Joline's hotel, in New Brunswick, and Mahlon C. Hart's, in Flemington, " via Millstone, Flaggtown, Shannock, Clover Hill, and Greenville." This stage connected at New Brunswick with the cars for New York, and stages for Princeton, Trenton, and Philadelphia.* The proprietors were J. V. D. Joline and Frederick Ten Eyck. It seems essential to take this retrospective glance at the old coaching-times in order properly to under- stand the vast change which the iron rail and steam propulsion hath wrought. " where is the coach ? where is the mail ? The coachman, where is he ? Where is the guard that need to blow His horn so cheerily ?" It is, of course, understood that country stages have not altogether disappeared from our midst. They still exist in both Hunterdon and Somerset, yet essen- tially changed from the old-time stage-coach de- scribed by Washington Irving in his "Sketch-Book,"' or by Dickens on the occasion of the journey of Pick- wick and his friends on the " Muggletown Telegraph," to spend Christmas with the Wardles at Dingley Dell. Such scenes, however, were daily enacted in this sec- tion less than half a century ago. Before the era of railroads, travel between New York and Philadelphia increased to such an extent that thirty-two stages were frequently run each way per day to carry the passengers. On days of extra- ordinary travel the farmers in the neighborhood of places where horses were changed were in readiness to furnish additional vehicles and teams if circum- stances required. " In 1825, on the day Lafayette passed through tie State to review the troops at Trenton, assembled to do him honor, there were one hundred and sixty-eight horses ready harnessed and exchanged at Kingston. The general passed through in a splendid barouche drawn by six gray liorses, driven (says Mizner) by David Sauderson, now of Wbite House, Hunterdon Co., then a youth of nineteen years of age. The stages, on their way to New York, would often separate a short distance east of Kingston, some taking the Trenton turnpike, others crossing Bocky Hill -to New Brunswick by the way of Six-Mile Run."! About this time there was also an express-line be- tween New York and Washington whose route lay through Somerset and Hunterdon Counties. The express-rider found a fresh horse ready saddled and bridled as he came to each of the stations, at short intervals, on the route. It was by this means that the New York papers published, in advance of the mail, the vote on Mr. Clay's tariflT-bill the day follow- ing its passage in the House, at Washington. There was also an immense travel across the State at this time independent of stage- and express-lines. It consisted principally in conveying produce to mar- ket at New Brunswick from Hunterdon, Sussex, and Somerset Counties. Large wagons heavily laden with flour, flax, flax-seed, or other produce, frequently * Advertisement in Hunterdon GazeUe, Aug. 1, 1838. t " The Earitan and its Early Dutch Settlers," Voorhees, in " Our Home," 1873. drawn by six horses, passed over the Amwell road to New Brunswick, while those from Sussex and the north went principally by the way of Bound Brook. At a certain time the keeper of the toll-gate at Mid- dlebrook kept an account, and stated that five hun- dred vehicles of various kinds had passed through the gate in one day on their way to the " Landing" and New Brunswick markets. In 1748 the Earitan Landing was described as "being a market for the most plentiful wheat country for its bigness in Amer- ica."J From about 1808 until the railroads were built Messrs. Fish, Hill & Abbey ran goods across the State from Trenton to New Brunswick, from thence to New York by sloops, and later by steamboats. This firm is said to have carried on even at that early date a very extensive transportation business. III.— THE DELAWARE AND EAEITAN CANAL. The project of a canal to connect the waters of the Delaware and Earitan Eivers was earnestly considered even as early as the year 1804. At that date a route was examined by a company of intelligent, experienced men, and a law was passed by the Legislature author- izing its construction by a private company. Of this the late Judge Morris was president, and the late Gen. Braley of Hunterdon, the late Mr. Garnett of Somerset, with others, were directors. But these gen- tlemen, with all their zeal, did not succeed in their project ; the state of trade at that time, and inex- perience with works of this character, prevented its execution. Nevertheless, in 1816, and again in 1823, its practicability was demonstrated by commissioners appointed by the Legislature to explore the route. Its practical utility was also realized by many as being one of the links of the great chain of internal navigation which would greatly foster the domestic trade of the country. With the completion of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, this one only was wanted to complete an entire inland navigation from Newbern, in North Carolina, to Providence, E. I. Therefore another effort was made. A second joint- stock company was authorized to build this canal. It paid to the State treasury the sum of one hundred thousand dollars for the privilege ; but, failing to ob- tain the sanction of the State of Pennsylvania to the use of the waters of the Delaware Eiver, it was com- pelled to abandon the enterprise. The State refunded to it the premium which it had paid. ^ This enterprise was by many at that time deemed visionary,! while not a few rejoiced in this second X Ibid., p. 6n5. § It may sound strange to the present generation,-so familiarized with railroads and "rapid traDsit,"_but it is a fact, that many of the people of Hunterdon and Somerset sent remonstrances in 1829 to the Legisla- ture " against the passage of a law to authorize the formation of a canal along the South Branch of Earitan from Hunt^s Mills in Hunterdon to Perth Amboy," alleging that it " would not only injure, but entirely de- stroy, the many valuable mills located upon the Earitan, and in injuring them would also injure us as citizens in the vicinity of said mills " INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 109 failure, by whict the power of constructing the canal reverted to the State, thinking that if it were feasible she would soon build it. The friends of the measure were active. Many petitions were presented to the Legislature in 1828-29, committees were appointed and reported, and there was much agitation of the subject and earnest efforts put forth to induce the State to undertake its construction. A bill introduced for this purpose was defeated. The State refused to build it or incur obligation thereby. Although abandoned as a State measure, its friends still were confident, and efforts were revived to pro- vide for its erection as a private enterprise. In Feb- ruary, 1830, it was committed to a joint-stock com- pany, with certain beneficial restrictions to the State. The act of February 4th provided that " subscriptiour books to the capital stock of the 'Delaware and Earit^an Canal Company' shall be opened, within six months after the passing of this act, by James Parker and James Neilson of Middlesex, John Potter of Somerset, William Halsted of Hunterdon, and Garret D. Wall of Burlington.'' The capital stock was " to be one million dollars, divided into shares of one hundred dollars each, and when five thousand shares are subscribed the stockholders shall elect by ballot nine directors," and annually thereafter said directors to elect- a president. The act gave them corporate rights, powersj and privileges, and empowered the company " to construct ... a canal or artificial navi- gation from the watere of the Delaware River to the waters of the Earitan, and to improve the navigation of the said rivers, respectively, as may from time to time become necessary below where the said canal shall empty into the said rivers, respectively ; which canal shall be at least fifty feet wide at the water-line, and the waters therein be at least five feet deep through- out ; and the said company are hereby empowered to supply the said canal with water from the river Dela- ware by constructing a feeder, which shall be so con- structed as to form a navigable canal not less than thirty feet wide and four feet deep, to conduct the water from any part of the river Delaware." The first directors were (1830) Robert F. Stockton, Garret D. Wall, John Potter, James Parker, James Neilson, William Halsted, John E. Thompson, James S. Green, Joseph Mcllvaine, who chose R. F. Stockton president of the board, James Neilson treasurer, and J. R. Thompson secretary. The construction of the canal was commenced late in the year 1830, and it was completed and in opera- tion in June, 1834. The entire work was under the direction of Canvass White, chief engineer, who lived only a few months after its completion. The eastern section was built under the sliperintendence of John Hopkins- the middle section, George T. Olmsted; the western section and lower part of the feeder, Edward A. Douglas; and the upper part of the feeder under the direction of Ashbel Welch, of Lambertville. The Hon. Ashbel Welch, in a letter to Solomon W. Roberts, Esq., dated Ttenton, June 27, 1834, so neatly portrays the event of the opening of the canal that some extracts are here given, by permission : " I am here waiting for the packet on my way home from the canal celebration. On Wednesday the directors of onr canal and railroad com- panies, and some thirty or more of the principal stockholders, together with the Governor, and sundry others of our great people, came up the 'feeder' as far as Lambertville in a Chesapeake and Delaware canal- barge. After dining there all hands got aboard the barge — myself among the number — and started for Trenton about nine o'clock at night. . . By good luck more than good management, we got to Trenton without wrecking the boat, and after a short nap started off yesterday morning for New Brunswick. *' The canal-banks for the whole distance were lined with people, — that is to say, there were large collections of them at the landings, bridges, etc. A more jolly party than ours was in the afternoon you seldom meet. John C. Stevens, James S. Green, and Thomas Biddle acted as fun-makers, and they acquitted themselves admirably. . . When' we arrived at New Brunswick we were greeted with a salute of twenty- four gnns, were received by the military with presented arras, stood some- thing less than half an hour with our hats off while the mayor made a speech and was answered, hurr.ihed in return to their civilities until we were all hoarse, were marched up and down the streets, and a little after dark sat down to a sumptuous dinner, provided at the expense of the canal company. The military, for their arduous services (to wit, waiting under arms four or five hours and being nearly broiled), received their pay partly in champagne, partly in glory." The Delaware and Raritan Canal Company and the Camden and Amboy Railroad and Transportation Company were at the time of their incorporation, in 1830, rival and antagonistic corporations. They were consolidated in interest by act of the Legislature, Feb. 1.5, 1831, and assumed the title of the " Joint Compa- nies," their affairs being controlled by the boards of both companies joined as one body. March 14, 1872, the " Joint Companies" and the " New Jersey Rail- road and Transportation Company"* were, by act of the State Legislature, merged into one corporation, known as the "United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company." Its present management (1880) is as follows : John G. Stevens, President ; A. L. Den- nis, Vice-President; F. Wolcott Jackson, General Superintendent. Directors : John Jacob Astor, John C. Barron, William Bucknell, A.' L. Dennis, Charles E. Green, Robert L. Kennedy, Thomas McKean, Isaac W. Sciidder, John G. Stevens, Robert F. Stock- ton, Ashbel Welch, Samuel Welsh ; Charles A. Butts, State Director. This canal extends from the Delaware at Borden- town to Trenton, thence across the State to New Brunswick, where it joins the Raritan, passing through the southwestern portion of Somerset County, along the east bank of the Millstone River and the south bank of the Raritan. It is forty-four miles long, with a feeder, twenty-two miles in length, which extends from Bull's Island, above Stockton, in Hunterdon County, southward to the main canal, with which it unites at Trenton. The canal crosses the Assanpink Creek, east of Trenton, in a fine stone aqueduct. This canal is eighty feet wide and eight feet deep, admit- * Incorporated March 7, 1832 ; it constructed the railroad from Jersey City, through Newark, Elizabeth, and Bahway, to and through the city of New Brunswick. , no HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. ting the passage of barges of two hundred and fifty tons burden, and its cost is not far from five million dollars. In 1867 it passed into the hands of the " United New Jersey Eailroad and Canal Company," by whom it was subsequently leased to the Pennsyl- vania Eailroad Company, at an annual rental of ten per centum per annum upon the capital stock, free of all taxes ; and, in accordance with the lease, quarterly dividends of two and one-half per cent., in cash, have been regularly paid. The receipts and expenditures of this canal for 1879 were as follows : From toUaon boats S4,37fi.40 " " lading 410,816.70 " Bteam towing 273,663.10 *' miscellaneouB 7,203.90 $696,069.10 Working expenses 3-:i6,924.86 Net earnings $369,034.25* IV.— EAILKOADS. The coach of the sixteenth century, the stage of the seventeenth, and the mail of the eighteenth led step by step to the locomotive of the nineteenth,— the cen- tury marked by such giant strides in the matter of travel and transportation. In 1750 it took from five to seven days to make the trip Irom New York to Philadelphia; in 1850, two hours.f THE CENTEAI; KAILEOAD OF NEW JERSEY. The principal east-and-west railroad line traversing the counties of Somerset and Hunterdon is The Cen- tral Bailroad of New Jersey. This road, besides being one of the leading avenues for conveying the products of Pennsylvania and the West to New York City, is one of the most important routes from the Atlantic seaboard to the West. No road in the Union is so indispensable a link in the chain of communication between the East and West, and none can excel it in the picturesque attractions which it opens up to the tourist. • The history of the road is full of interest, especially as in its construction it acted as a pioneer and made the all-important preparation which led to the build- ing of other and important connecting railroad lines. The road from Elizabethport to Somerville was built by the " Elizabethtown and Somerville Railroad Company," under a charter granted in 1831. The company was poor, and the road was opened first from Elizabethport to Elizabeth, two and one-half miles, and connected at the Point with New York and New Brunswick by boat. The route to Somerville was surveyed in 1835 by Col. James Moore, the present chief engineer; who has filled this office and that of * Beport State Comptroller, 1879. t In 1829, when steamboatB were running, and the same journey waa made In nine hours, it waa cause of great rejoicing aa the inauguration of a new era in the history of traveling in the United States, and truly it was a marvel when compared with the slow-moving stage-coach and canal-boat. But the steam-cara soon left even the steamboats in the background. general superintendent since the commencement of the road. In 1836 it was built as far as Plainfield, and the panic of 1837 told severely on the finances of the company; but they still pressed onward, though slowly, extending the road to Bound Brook, and finally reached Somerville in 1839,t by a . desperate efibrt which resulted in the failure of the company and the foreclosure of the mortgage upon the road. The road was sold in 1846, the strap-rail taken up by the new organization, the track relaid with heavy T-rail, and preparations made for a large business. Feb. 16, 1842, the State Legislature, by special enactment, ex- tended the time for completing the road until July 4, 1856. A new company was chartered in 1847 (ap- proved February 26th) to extend the road to Easton, under the name of " The Somerville and Easton Eail- road Company." In the fall of 1848 the road was opened to White House ; the following year? authority was given the above-named company to purchase the Elizabethtown and Somerville Eailroad, and the name of the consolidated company was changed to " The Central Eailroad Company of New Jersey.'' This was carried into efi'ect in 1850, the existing roads brought under one ownership, and immediately thereafter, in the spring of the same year, the remainder of the route to Phillipsburg was put under contract. The portion to Clinton was opened in May, 1852, and the cars made one round-trip per day from New York to Clinton, in Hunterdon County, from whence passen- gers reached Easton in stage. On the morning of the 1st of July, 1852, the last rail was laid, and the next day, in eight splendid cars (drawn by the gigantic engine "Pennsylvania," decorated with flags), the directors of the road, with their invited guests and accompanied by Dodsworth's Band, sped through the glorious landscapes of Hunterdon and Warren, to the wonder of thousands of delighted inhabitants, who thronged to the stations and greeted the party with the firing of guns and the waving of handkerchiefs and banners. From this time that undeveloped country began to yield up its wealth. Iron-works that had lain in ruins for the want of fuel since the Eevolution were rebuilt, and with the advent of the thundering coal-trains began the ring of tilt-hammers ; while the exchange of log cabins for beautiful dwellings, and the founding of churches, schools, etc., marked the succeeding years of the history of this road. For eight years more were passengers transferred from Elizabethtown to New York by boat, but in 1860 authority was obtained to extend the Central Eoad to Jersey City, which was soon after accomplished. The most important feature in this extension is the Bav X John 0. Stearns, who died in Elizabeth in November, 1862, com- menced his connection with the road in 1834, the firm of Colkett & Stearns having taken the contract for the construction of a part of the original Elizabethtown and Somerville Railroad. After the foreclosure and sale of the road, in 1846, Mr. Stearns was appointed superintendent and retained the office until his death. i Act approved Feb. 22, 1849. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Ill Bridge, nine thousand eight hundred feet in length, over Newark Bay. In 1869-70 the Central Railroad Company made many important improvements at points within Hunterdon County and in its immediate vicinage, calculated to contribute to the comfort and safety of passengers, and of persons crossing the tract. They are thus detailed by the Hunterdon Republican of March 10, 1870 : " At FhlUipsburg the fonner complicated network of traclts has been so changed that the rails all now nin from one switch to the main street. The old freight-house has been removed to the main street and changed to a passenger-car house. A new freight-house at the same place has lately been finished. At Bloomsbnry bridge another track has been laid, 80 that danger from a single track oyer the bridge is thus avoided. At High Bridge the new station has been finished in a style appropriate to that romantic growing town. Below the White House a mile of new track on each side of the road has just been completed for turn-out pur- poses, so that freight- and coal-trains may lay over, making four tracks here. A bridge has also just been completed by the company over their track below White House, so that vehicles on the public road in crossing are entirely out of danger. This bridge is one hundred and one feet long and has three spans, one of which is fifty-one feet long. A mile of tiack has also been added each side of the road from Clinton Station towards High Bridge, making four tracks here, and three-quarters of a mile from Hampton Junction towards Spruce Run. These improve- ments have all been very judiciously made, and prove the good judgment and engineering skill of the superintendent." The first station-agent at Somerville was Bernard Steams, with James BJreusen as helper; the last named is now, and has been for years, the agent at Somerville. In 1855 the Lehigh Valley Railroad was opened from Easton, first to Allentown and then to Mauch Chunk, the centre of the Lehigh Valley coal-region. During the same year, also, the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Railroad completed the line from New Hampton (its point of junction with the Central Railroad of New Jersey) to Scranton, the centre of the Lackawanna coal-region, and a convenient depot for the coal transportation from the Wyoming Valley eastward. Through these two roads the products of the richest anthracite mines of Pennsylvania were brought to the Central Railroad of New Jersey for transportation to the metropolis. The Lackawanna connection requiring a six-foot gauge, the Central Railroad Company at an early period anticipated this necessity by laying a third rail to Hampton junction. The common gauge of the Central road is four feet eight and a half inches, which is uniform with that of the railroads of the country generally. The value of these connecting lines may be appreciated from the fact that during the first year after their completion the business of the Central Road was nearly double. During the second year the Lehigh Valley road brought eighty-six thousand three hun- dred and fifty-five tons of coal, and the Lackawanna road two hundred and twenty-four thousand tons, to the Central road for transportation. In 1858 the East Pennsylvania (now Philadelphia and Reading) Railroad was opened between Allen- town and Reading, establishing a direct line, with unbroken gauge, to Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, and the West ; and it has direct control of and operates the roads in Pennsylvania extending from Easton, through Bethlehem, Mauch Chunk, White Haven, and Wilkes-Barre, to Carbondale, under the title of the Lehigh and Susquehanna Division. It also oper- ates, within the State of New Jersey, the " New York and Long Branch Railroad," from Perth Amboy to Long Branch ; the " New Egypt and Farmingdale Railroad," from Long Branch to Ocean Beach; "The Long Branch and Sea Girt Railroad," from Long Branch to Sea Girt, — aggregating thirty-four miles, — and in the. summer of 1880 extended the line to Point Pleasant, under the name of " New York and Long Branch Extension Railroad," — three miles ; also the " Jersey Southern Railroad," from Sandy Hook to Bay Side, — one hundred and seventeen miles. The Central Railroad, being in harmony and acting in unison with the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, makes connections with the various lines of the latter road, one important branch of which, the " New York and Philadelphia New Line," intersects with the Central at Bound Brook, Somerset Co. These are the immediate connections of the " Cen- tral Railroad of New Jersey," all of which are of incalculable value. Certain it is no road could have a geographical position more favorable for numerous and important connections than this one. Along the line of the Central the beauties of nature and the utilities of man vie with each other for the overmas- tering interest. The trunk route— that is, that of the Central road itself — extends across the central portion of New Jersey, and hence its name. Its termini are Jersey City and Easton, Pa. It traverses the finest portion of the State, passing through a succession of alluvial valleys containing the very richest land in New Jersey, and increasing both in beauty and fer- tility as one approaches the borders of Pennsylvania. Who that has looked from Ne9v Hampton upon the Musconetcong valley of Hunterdon County, will ever forget the scene or its suggestions ?* The first president of this company was Governor Isaac H. Williamson, who was succeeded by Col. John Kean. Stephen Vail followed, and officiated until the consolidation of the companies, when John Taylor Johnston was elected. The last-named gen- * The route beyond Easton affords an extent and variety of scenery found on few roads on this continent,— mountain-ranges of characteristic grandeur, cleft here and there by abrupt fissures to their very base, through which stately rivers lead their pomp of waters to the sea; rich and beautiful valleys, sometimes so narrow, and, withal, so picturesque, as to remind the traveler of Swiss cantons among the Alps, and some- times allowed a broader and longer reach by the yielding mountain- ranges that inclose them ; forests that still retain the rugged aspect of their primeval wilderness, and romantic cascades. The mention of these features but feebly suggests the reality as seen by the eye. One must actually visit the Delaware Water-Gap, must himself climb the Pocono range, must follow the winding Susquehanna, must be drawn up the in- clined planes of Mount Pisgah,— must actually realize these things in his own experience, for it is beyond our power adequately to describe them. 112 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. tleman served for many yfears, and until recently, when the present incumbent was chosen. The present officers, 1880, are as follows: E. C. Knight, President ; John Kean, Vice-President ; Sam- uel Knox, Treasurer and Secretary; F. S. Lathrop, Receiver ; James Moore, General Superintendent and Engineer ; W. W. Stearns, W. S. Polhemus, Assistant Superintendents ; Jacob M. Clark, Engineer ; H. P. Baldwin, General Passenger Agent ; P. H. Wyckoff", General Freight Agent. The directors are E. 0. Knight, F. S., Lathrop, F. A. Potts, J. J. Barnes, G. G. Haven, Edward Clark, Benjamin Williamson, John Kean, and F. T. Frelinghuysen. The capital stock of the company is $18,563,200, while the value of the road and equipments is over $20,000,000. For the year ending Dec. 31, 1879, the balance net earnings was $1,371,579.64. The stations upon this road within Somerset and Hunterdon Counties ar6 Boulid Brook (where connec- tion is made with the " New York and Philadelphia New Line,"' and with stages for New Brunswick), Finderne, Sbnierville (connecting with the " South Branch Bailroad," to Flemington), Baritan, North Branch, White House, Lebanon, Annandale (Clin- ton), High Bridge (connecting with the "High Bridge Branch," to German Valley, Chester, and Port Oram, etc.). Glen Gardner, Junction ("where connection , is made with the " Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad"), Asbury, and Valley. From the last- named station the road crosses the southern corner of Warren County to Phillipsburg and Easton, where - the "Lehigh and Susquehanna division" of the road, with its half-dozen branches, commences. SOUTH BRANCH EAILBOAD. This road, a branch of the " Central Bailroad of New Jersey," extend^ from Somerville to Flemington. It was chartered in 1870, and its construction com- pleted soon thereaftej. Its length is fifteen and a half miles, and its cost was $441,868.87. Its capital stock is $438,300 ; its floating debt, $3568.87. 0. D. Hayne and W. F. Rand are the conductors on this road ; the fortiler is a veteran in railroad service, — twenty-six years "'on the rail," and mostly in the em- ploy of the Central. The stations on' this line are Somerville (connecting with the main line, east and west), Ricefield, Flagg- town,.Neshanic, Three Bridges, and Flemington, — all within Somerset and Hunterdon Counties. THE HIGH BRIDGE KAILROAD. In 1873 a charter was procured for the construction of a railroad from High Bridge, in Hunterdon County, to Chester, in Morris County, and to connect with tlae New Jersey Central at the first-named point. This was afterwards consolidated with the " Longwood Valley Railroad." Work was commenced on the High Bridge road in 1874, and completed in 1876 to Port Oram, in Morris County, twenty-five and one- fourth miles. It is coriteriiplated' to extend it east- ward to the Hudson River. The first president of this corporation was Lewis H. Taylor, of High Bridge. This road has short branches to Chester, four and one- half miles, and to Hacklebarney Mines, one and one- fourth miles. The statistics of this road show : Cost, $972,830.03 ; capital stock, $850,000. This line is also operated by the Central Railroad of New Jersey. THE DELAWAEE AND BOUND BEOOK EAILEOAD. THE NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA NEW LINE. The history of this road is one of unusual interest. In 1867, Henry M. Hamilton, Esq., of New York, conceived the idea of building a new line of railroad from New York to Philadelphia. He removed to New Jersey for that purpose and entered on the un- dertaking, which only succeeded after a tremendous struggle between the popular will as it centred in him and the United Railroads of New Jersey,— a struggle ' which will ever be memorable in the annals of the history of this State. From the outset the new line, which crosses the southern part of Somerset County, was a very popular undertaking, and its conflict en- listed general sympathy. Mr. Hamilton began with the Attleborough Railroad Company, a corporation chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, April 2, 1860, its charter being renewed March 24, 1868. It was authorized to build a railroad from Philadel- phia to the Delaware River above Trenton. In order to be able to withstand the opposition of the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company, which, with every resource of money and influence, he was well aware would throw its whole power against every step of his advance, he proceeded to procure amend- ments to the charter of the Attleborough Railroad Company from the Legislature of Pennsylvania, au- thorizing the increase of' its capital, so that it could hold sufficient to build the whole road from Philadel- phia to New York, empowering it also to purchase the stock of railroad corporations in New Jer.sey. Thus authorized, he procured the purchase of con- trolling interests in the Yardleyville Bridge Company, the Millstone and Trenton Railroad Company (a body corporate of the State of New Jersey under an act approved April 3, 1867), the Peapack and Plainfield Railroad Company (under acts approved March 30, 1855, and March 11, 1864), the Elizabeth and New Providence Railroad Company (under act approved March 22, 1867), and afterwards the Narrow Gauge Railway Company (under act approved March 22, 1871), these all being corporate bodies existing under legal charters in the State of New . Jersey, with full powers to build their respective roads, and so situated as to connect and form, when built, a con- tinuous line from New York, with the Attleborough Company, to Philadelphia. Another thing was' necessary besides filling up the links in the chain from New York t6 Philadelphia, and that was the pi'iltection of -the Stock of this new INTERNAL ITdPROVEMENTS. 113 enterprise from being bought up by the opposition or controlled in any way in its interest. To this end, he had the Attleborough Railroad Company made the parent company, with its name changed by law to " The National Railway Company," and, pursuant to authority granted by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, he had its stock arranged into two classes, common and preferred, each being equal in amount and having equal privileges, except that the preferred stock was entitled to receive ten per cent, dividends out of the net earnings of the road before the common stock could receive anything. He also had authority granted by the Legislature of Pennsylvania to place the common stock in trust, — that is, to transfer the power to vote it to a trustee by a deed of trust, — the conditions of the trust being such that no vote could be cast on it in the interest of the Camden and Am- boy or any other opposition company. This would put forever safely out of the reach of the control of anybody hostile to the interests of the new company one-half of its entire voting stock. The other half — the preferred — could be sold to any purchaser without risk to the control. It could only be obtained at its par value in cash, and its proceeds could be used only towards the building of the road. The equitable in- terest or money value of the common stock was not conveyed to the trustee, being reserved for the benefit of the company. This common stock was used in buying up the control of the New Jersey corporations which were needed to make the line from the Dela- ware Eiver to New York, it having been exchanged for their stock. This had a twofold result : it com- pleted the line, and it was made full-paid by the ex- change, so that it could be placed in trust. The deed of trust provided that any attempt to vote it in the interest of any competing line should be void, and the holder of a single share of it was given full, real, and equitable power to enforce this provision as com- pletely as if he were a party to the contract. The purpose of this provision was not clearly seen at the time, even by the members of the legal pro- fession generally in New Jersey, it being the first time it was ever introduced for the protection of a railroad company. Mr. Hamilton had worked out this application of the principle himself, after having exhausted all the possibilities of protection otherwise. He had' consulted able lawyers, among them Prof. Theodore W. Dwight, of the Columbia Law School of New York, as to the possibility of an irrevocable proxy, and whatever other forms' of protection against outside control could be suggested; and this plan was finally approved, and adopted as the only one reli- able and satisfactory. It was made the occasion of a great cry of fraud, and much odium against Mr. Hamilton was raised in consequence of its misappre- hension, it being made to appear to the public as a very great bug-bear. It was in reality the key to the whole, position, and' was so essential as a means of protection that but for it the enterprise could never have been carried through. .This arrangement has been copied by other corporations since, notably the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad Company, which has used it for the same purpose, — ^to protect itself from the control of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- pany. The National Railway Company still lacked the power to execute a single mortgage on the whole line from Philadelphia to New York, and capitalists re- quired that legislative authority to do this should be secured as a condition precedent to their putting in the money to build the road. A bill was therefore introduced into the Legislature of New Jersey in 1870 supplementary to the charter of the Millstone and Trenton Railroad Company, authorizing that company to consolidate with the National Railway Company, so as to give the' required mortgage pii the whole line ; but it was defeated 'by the .powerful op- position of the Camden and Aniboy Railroad Com- pany after a two months' content in the Legislature. From 1870 to 1872 the time was spent in endeavoring to obviate the difiiculty growing out of the inability to make a consolidated mortgage. At length, in the session of the Legislature for 1872, the Stanhope charter was obtained, which was approved by the Governor, March 13, 1872, having passed both branches of the Legislature without opposition, though it contained a clause providing for this.neces- sity, this clause having escaped thei notice of the agents of the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company, who were guarding their interests in the Legislature. This charter, in the opinion of many of the first lawyers of New Jersey and other States, — among them Hon. Cortlandt Parker, Attorney-General Rob- ert Gilchrist, Judge William Strong of the United States Supreme Court, all of whom gave written opinions, together with Hon. Charles Gibbons and Messrs. Bullitt and Dixon of Philadelphia, — con- tained the necessary power to unite in one corporation all the franchises under which the new line was to be constructed, rendering them competent to execute a consolidated mortgage and to build and operate the road. The different New Jersey corporations were therefore merged into the Stanhope Railroad Com- pany, and that company leased to the National Rail- way Company so much of the united franchises as was necessary to extend it to Jersey City and make one mortgage on the whole line. Such eminent counsel having approved the indenture as competent for the purpose, capitalists willingly en- gaged to furnish the funds for building the road. Contracts for construction were let ; the grading of the road-bed was vigorously commenced along the whole line, and a considerable portion of the earthwork and masonry done in a short time. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company, which had then leased the works of the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company, applied to the courts for an in- junction restraining this new and competing line from 114 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. completing their work. Judge Sharswood, before whom it came, notified counsel of the National Rail- way Company, after argument on both sides, that he intended to deny the injunction, suggesting, however, that it would expedite a decision in the Supreme Court if the company would accept an injunction pro forma, — i.e., for the sake of form, — and thus be able to carry it up themselves, so as to secure a final decision at once. They accepted the injunction, and it was granted. While these proceedings were pend- ing, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company applied to the Court of Chancery of New Jersey for an injunction against the National Railway Company in this State, on the ground of their still possessing the monopoly of all carrying between New York and Philadelphia. At the original incorporation of the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company it had been secured the monopoly of all transportation between New York and Philadelphia. The legislative enactment of March 2, 1832, by which this was accomplished, pro- vides " that it shall not be lawful at any time during the charter of the Camden and Amboy Railroad Com- pany to construct any other railroad in New Jersey, without its consent, which shall be intended or used for the transportation of passengers or merchandise be- tween the cities of New York and Philadelphia, or to compete in business with the Camden and Amboy Railroad." This monopoly was complete, and in time made the Camden and Amboy overpowering in the State, and so strong as to be felt in the framing of the laws, in the choosing of the Governors and members of the Legislature, and even of the judges of the courts. This had at length become intolerable to such a de- gree that every effbrt had been made to shake ofi' its tyranny, but in vain.* Henry C. Carey, the distin- guished political economist of Philadelphia in those days, who had done his utmost to curb the power of the monopoly and failed, said to Mr. Hamilton re- garding his enterprise, " Young man, that is a noble thing to do ; but let me tell you that, however well you lay your plans, you will never get through. Any body of men you may gather around you will some day sell you out." It was to prevent this that Mr. Hamilton first began his search after a means of pro- tection, which search ended in his deed of trust. As a means of ending this monopoly, however, a way was found in 1854 for securing a compact be- tween the Legislature of New Jersey and the joint companies, whereby those exclusive privileges were to cease in 1869, and it was then enacted that no such claim should ever be made after that date. The legis- lative act respecting this compact provided " that after the first day of January, 1869, it shall be lawful, without the consent of the Camden and Amboy and Delaware and Raritan Companies, to construct any * A more full account of this monopoly and its power may be found n the North American Review of April, 1867. railroad or railroads in this State for the transporta- tion of passengers and merchandise between New York and Philadelphia, or to compete in business with the railroads of the joint companies"; and this act the joint companies formally accepted, April 17, 1854, having received in return certain advantages for which they were willing to relinquish the monopoly. Nevertheless, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, as the successors of the joint companies, claimed be- fore the chancellor that until the Legislature should iu express words authorize a new company to comr pete with the joint companies, it had exclusive right of transportation between New York and Philadel- phia. The National Railway Company was defended by some of the ablest legal counsel in the State, — Judge Robert S. Green, of Elizabeth, Hon. Cortlandt Parker, Hon. Robert Gilchrist, then attorney-general of the State, and Judge J. G. Shipman, — who showed the clear right of the new company to compete ; yet Vice-Ohancellor Amzi Dodd, before whom the appli- cation for an injunction came, granted it, Jan. 14, 1873. This decision practically ended the contest in the courts and left the new company powerless to pro- ceed, but it aroused public indignation and organized a sentiment of opposition to the monopoly which grew in strength and boldness until it culminated in a free railroad law. When the Legislature of 1873 convened, it was found that the Lower House was largely in favor of a competing railroad, and of granting the National Railroad Company whatever legislation might be necessary to give it undoubted right to build a new railroad between the two great cities of the continent. The Senate was nearly equally divided, with the spirit of monopoly in the preponderance. The friends of the National Railway 'Company, finding special legislation impossible in face of the opposition in the Senate, drafted a general railroad law and -secured its passage. Immediately upon its approval, April 2, 1873, the New York and Philadelphia Railroad Com- pany was organized under its provisions, and began anew the eifort to carry forward its work. But it was found that capital, which was willing to embark in the enterprise under a special charter, hesitated to take the risks under an untried general law. The panic of 1873 soon followed, and the company, dis- couraged by the difficulties still surrounding it, em- barrassed by the expense of the long fight it had sus- tained, and depressed by the effect of the panic, sold its rights, property, and franchises, in May, 1874, to the Delaware and Bound Brook Railroad Company, a new corporation organized in the same general in- terest, for the same purposes, to build over the same ground, and including several of the same men. Most of these men were Philadelphia capitalists and connected with the North Pennsylvania Railroad Company, who were backed by that corporation. The other obstacles having all been removed, the work INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 115 was rapidly completed, and in May, 1876, the road was opened for travel in time for the Centennial Ex- position of that year. It is equipped and operated by the Philadelphia and Beading Railroad Company, upon a lease of nine hundred and ninety years from May 1, 1879, at an annual rental of the amount of interest on its bonded and floating debt, and a dividend on its capital stock at the rate of six per cent, per annum for the first two years, of seven per cent, per annum for the next two years, and of eight per cent, per annum thereafter. To Mr. Hamilton is due the credit of this whole undertaking, as it was by his enterprise it was pro- jected, by his foresight it was protected, by his skill it was directed, and by his unflinching perseverance it was carried through and the courage of its friends rallied again and again after repeated defeats. To him, indeed, is due the passage of the free railroad law of New Jersey, and the liberation of the State from the curse of special legislation, and from monop- oly rule to a large extent. Besides the legal gentle- men already mentioned, — to wit. Judge Green, Hon. Cortlandt Parker, Attorney-General Gilchrist, Judge Shipman, Judge Strong, Hon. Charles Gibbons, Messrs. Bullitt and Dixon, — a number of other gen- tlemen associated with him deserve honorable men- tion, a few only of whom can be even named. Among them are Hon. William M. Meredith, of Philadel- phia ; Algernon S. Cadwallader, of Yardleyville, Pa. ; Samuel K. Wilson and Alfred S. Livingston, of Tren- ton ; Henry Lewis, Jacob Eiegel, and James Gowan, Esq., of Philadelphia, — all of whom stood manfully by when the storm of obloquy was overwhelming and the obstacles apparently insurmountable. Edward C. Knight, Esq., the president of the Delaware and Bound Brook Railroad Company, and his associates of that corporation, are deserving of great credit for their success and the character of the work they have achieved, which is surpassed by no other of the kind in the world, and is an honor to any body of men. This road, popularly known as the " Bound Brook" or " Air Line" Railroad, has a double track, is well built, and is finely outfitted in rolling stock. It ex- tends from Philadelphia .to Bound Brook, N. J., where it intersects with the Central Railroad of New Jersey, continuing thence to New York City. The cost of the road and equipments was $3,138,056.64; capital stock paid in, $1,584,400; bonded debt, $1,500,000; floating debt, $299,600. Its receipts for 1879 were $310,469.31, and expenditures for the same year were $167,213.83. E. C. Knight is the present officiating president. The stations of this line within Somerset County are Bound Brook, Weston, Hamilton, Van Aken, Harlingen, SkUlman, and Stoutsburg. UNITED NEW JEESBT EAILEOAD AND CANAL COMPANY. This corporation embraces quite a network of rail- roads in this State, as also the Delaware and Raritan Canal. It includes the Camden and Amboy Railroad, with its many branches and connections, also the "Millstone and New Brunswick," the "Belvidere Delaware," and the " Flemington" Railroads, all ex- cept the first named being wholly or in part within the counties of Hunterdon and Somerset. At the beginning of the year 1867, Hamilton Fish and Ashbel Welch, with others, effected the consoli- dation of the New Jersey Railroad Company with the "joint companies." This consolidation was in the form of a contract, drawn up by Joseph P. Bradley, the counsel of the joint companies, and was validated by act of the Legislature approved Feb. 27, 1867. Although these roads were now operated by a joint board, the combination was at first rather that of an association or partnership of the several roads con- cerned than as a unit; but in 1872 (March 14th), by an act of the Legislature, they were merged into one corporation, henceforward known as the " United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company." The Pennsylvania Railroad Company subsequently took possession of the roads under their lease, although the stock remained in the hands of the united com- panies. John A. Anderson, of Lambertville, who had been assistant superintendent of the Belvidere Delaware Railroad, became superintendent of what has since been known as the " Belvidere Delaware Division of the United Railroads of New Jersey." This position he still holds. The " Belvidere Delaware ■Railroad" was completed to Lambertville in 1850, to Milford in February, 1853, and finished in 1854. It was leased to the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company, Feb. 15, 1876, and assigned to the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- pany March 7th of the same year. It has a length of sixty-eight miles, and extends from Trenton, N. J^, to Manunka Chunk, N. J., where it intersects the Dela- ware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. It is laid upon the east bank of the Delaware River, whose windings it follows, and gives the western part of Hunterdon County railroad communication from its southern to its northern boundary. Its capital stock, paid in, is $994,050, its bonded debt is $3,444,500, and its floating debt (being special bonds) is $156,081.77. The cost .of the road and equipments has been $4,246,638.92. The receipts from all soiirces for the year 1879 were $718,152.31, and the expenditures for the same time $454,900.11, leaving as net earnings $263,252.20. Ashbel Welch is its president, and Hugh B. Ely secretary and treasurer. THE FLEMINGTON EAILROAD AND TRANSPORTATION COM- PANY, which is a part of the railway chain above mentioned as now operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- pany, was constructed in 1854. It runs from Flem- ington, in a southwest direction, to Lambertville, twelve miles, where it connects with the Belvidere Delaware Railroad both north and south. This line 116 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. is wholly within Hunterdon County. Its receipts for 1879 were $10,593.08, and expenses $17,576.45. Ashbel Welch, of Lambertville, is president, and Hugh B. Ely treasurer and secretary. The cost of the road and equipments was $290,653.87; capital stock paid in, $150,000 ; bonded debt, $250,000. The Belvidere Delaware Eailroad Company and the Flemington Railroad and Transportation Company still have their own oflBcers and boards of directors, though those officers and directors have no control of the working of these roads. They have cognizance of all things that have not passed under the lease, — for example, making loans secured by mortgage, and agreements of a permanent character. tHK BASTON AND AMBOT KAILEOAD COMPANT. This road extends from the middle of the Delaware River, at Phillipsburg, eastward across Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, to Perth Amboy, a distance of sixty miles, and is popularly known as the " Packer Road," Mr. Asa Packer having been from the first largely interested in it.* It was leased, and is now operated, by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, at an annual rental of the cost of maintenance, taxes, and interest on its securities. Capital stock paid in, $5,000,000; bonded debt, $5,000,000; floating debt, $387,413.78; cost of the road and appendages, etc., $9,412,651.63. The re- ceipts and expenses of the Easton and Amboy Rail- road are not kept separately by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and the exact figures cannot be given, but the following is an estimate for 1879: Income from passengers, $22,460.99; from freight, $290,140.88; from coal, .$665,902.34; total, $978,604.21. The expenditure for 1879 was $538,177.31. Charles Hartshorne is the present (1880) secretary and treasurer of this road. THE MERCEK AND SOMEESET EAILWAT COMPANT. This road, constructed in 1870, extended from Som- erset Junction, on the line of the Belvidere Delaware Railroad, to East Millstone, in Somerset County,— a distance of twenty-two and a half miles,— where it connected with the Millstone and New Brunswick Railroad. It was leased to the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company, and the lease by them assigned to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, who equipped. and operated the road. On account of default in payment of interest on the bonded debt, Strickland Kneass, trustee of the mortgage securing the payment of the same, caused the road, with its ap- purtenances and franchises, to be sold at public auc- tion, n Trenton, Nov. 20, 1879, when it was purchased ■ * It is to a .Somerset County man, William H. Gatzmer, that Now Jer- sey is largely iudebted for the Buccessfiil issue of this undertaking. His oonnection with the Lehigh Valley Kailroad commenoed in 1853, and as one of its first directors (he continued until 1880), and later m consult- ing manager, he was instrumental in enabling Judge Packer to secure and retain for many years the majority of the whole capital stock of the company, which gave him the controlling management of the road. in the interest of the bondholders by G. Morris Dor- rance for fifty thousand dollars. The lessees have ter- minated the lease and ceased operating the road. Within a year past therails have been taken up and the route vacated. THE MILLSTONE AND NEW BRUNSWICK EAILEOAD COM PANT. This road extends from Millstone, in Somerset County, eastward six and three-fourths miles, to New Brunswick, in Middlesex. It was subsequently leased to the New Jersey Railroad Company, and ulti- mately passed (1871) into the hands of the Penn- sylvania Railroad Company at an annual rental of six per cent., by which corporation it was equipped and is now operated. A. L. Dennis is president. Cost of the road and equipments, $113,404.42; re- ceipts for 1879, $6802.57 ; expenditures, $9824.71 ; paid in dividends during the year, in cash, $2866. THE WEST LINE EAILROAD was surveyed about 1868, and opened for travel a few years later. It runs from Bernardsville, Somerset Co.,. through the townships of Passaic in Morris and New Providence in Union County, to Summit, where it connects with the Morris and Essex Division of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. EOCKT HILL EAILROAD AND TRANSPORTATION COMPANT. This road extends from Rocky Hill to Monmouth Junction, Middlesex Co., a distance of six and one- half miles. Capital stock, paid in, $45,995; cost of road and equipments, $45,005.74. D. H. Mount is president. It is leased to the " United Railroad and Canal Companies," at an annual rental of six per cent, on the capital stock held by individual stock- holders. Income for 1879, $3410.52; expenditures, $11,384.62. CHAPTER X. HUKrTEEDOBT AHD SOMEKSET COUKTTIES IN THE WAB OF THE BEBELilOIT. The Patriotism of the People of Hunterdon and Somei-set— The First Volunteers, Three Months' Men— ^amhertviUe the First to Respond to the Governor's Call for Troops- Services in the Field of the New Jersey Brigade— Roster of the Companies from Hunterdon County. The part taken by the counties of Hunterdon and Somerset in the war which was waged from 1861 to 1865 for the suppression of rebellion and the preser- vation of the Union, was most honorable and patri- otic. At the receipt of the intelligence of the attack on Port Sumter, in April, 1861, there were seen in these counties the same demonstrations of loyalty to the Union and of determination to crush out treason at every hazard, the same patriotic meetings and flag- raismgs, the same disposition of young men to volun- teer and of old men to encourage and aid them in doing so, as were found everywhere in the other HUNTEEDON AND. SOMERSET COUNTIES IN THE REBELLION. 117 counties of the patriotic State of New Jersey. And when the Union armies melted away in the fervent heat of battle, and call after call was made for men to take the places of those who had fallen, there was shown here the same determination to stand by the government at whatever cost ; and the people and the local authorities with the same alacrity voted the moneys which were called for to accomplish the de- sired end. From the time when the President's first call for men was made until the time when the death of the great Rebellion made further calls unnecessary, the men of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties responded to each appeal with a patriotic devotion not excelled in any part of the State or of the Union. The names of these soldiers are found on the rolls of a large num- ber of regiments of this and other States ; and such of those regiments as were most noticeable for the number of Hunterdon and Somerset County men serving in their ranks are especially mentioned in the following pages, in historical sketches of their organ- ization and services in the great war for the Union. THE FIRST VOLUNTEERS.— THREE MONTHS' MEN. On the 15th of April, — two days after the fall of Fort Sumter, — President Lincoln issued his first call for troops, the number required being seventy-five thousand, of which number the quota of New Jersey was four regiments, of seven hundred and eighty men each, — a total of three thousand one hundred and eighty, — to be detached from the militia of the State. On receipt of the requisition, on the 17th, Governor Charles S. Olden issued his proclamation di- recting all individuals or organizations willing to volun- teer to report themselves within twenty days ; and at the same time orders were issued to the four generals of division for each to detail one full regiment for the service, and immediately to proceed to the organ- ization of the reserve militia. Under the orders, volunteers were to be accepted for three months' ser- vice ; but if a sufficient number of these did not of- fer, the deficiency was to be made up by draft from the militia. It was not, however, found necessaiy to adopt the latter alternative. Volunteers aggregating more than the required number* were easily obtained, and to this force Somerset and Hunterdon Counties contributed their full proportion, Hunterdon furnish- ing three companies to the Third Regiment (three months) and Somerset sending a large number of men, who, however, did not form any full companies as distinctively of the county, but enlisted, according to their fancy, in various companies of the several regiments. The first regimental offer was made by the First * Within a few days over one bundled companies of volunteers — equal to ten thousand men — had offered their services under the Governor's proclamation, and even this number would have been greatly increased butfor the prevalent belief that the quota would be filleri by the brigade, already organized. — FosUr^s New Jersey and llie RebeUkni. Regiment of the Hunterdon brigade on the day follow- ing the appearance of the Governor's proclamation.! The letter to the Governor preferring the services of this organization was as follows : " Lambeetville, N. J., April 18, 18G1. "GoTERNOE Chakles S. Olden : " Dear Sir,— The Tirst Eegiment of the Hunterdon Brigade, at this time numbering about two hundred men; rank and file, respectfally ten- der their services to the government to aid in putting down the present re- bellion. We are ready to obey your command. " V. R. Mathews, " LixnUnant-CoTmid of the First Regiment Hunterdon Brigade. " The troops were raised with such expedition that on the last day of April the quota of the State was complete, and the brigade was mustered into the State service and placed under command of Brig.- Gen.t Theodore Runyon, with Maj. Alexander V. Bonnell, of Hunterdon County, as brigade inspector. On the 1st of May, Governor Olden sent a special messenger to Gen. B. F. Butler, then in command at Annapolis, Md., requesting him to prepare to receive the New Jersey brigade. At the same time he sent another messenger to "Washington to notify the Secretary of War that the State authorities of New Jersey would furnish their volunteers with the ne- cessary arms and accoutrements, which the United States government was at that time unable to do. The Governor also telegraphed the War Department saying that the troops from this State would move forward on the 1st, 2d, and '3d of May, and asking that all possible measures might be taken to insure their efficiency and promote their comfort. As railroad communication with Baltimore had been severed by reason of the destruction of the bridges over Gunpowder Creek and other streams, it was decided to send the New Jersey troops forward by water, by way of Annapolis, Md. They were accord- ingly embarked on fourteen Delaware and Raritan Canal propellers on the 3d of May, and proceeded down the Delaware and through the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal and Chesapeake Bay to their des- tination, which was reached in the night of the 4th. " The arrival of the brigade was at once reported to Gen. Butler, wlio, after some ceremony, ordered its advance to Washington, and on the 5th the Firet Kegiment, with six companies of the Second and nine companies of the Third, started forward in two trains of cars. The first of these trains reached Washington about midnight, .and the second at eight o'clock the following morning. The same evening the Fourth Regiment and the remaining company of the Third reached the capital. The four companies of the Second left at Annapolis were detailed, by order of Gen. Scott, to the service of guarding the telegraph and railroad-track between Wasliington and Annapolis Junction. On the 6th of May the arrival of the brigade was reported to Gen. Scott, and, no camps being provided, the troops went into such quarters as were available in Washington. " On all sides the arrival of the troops was hailed with pleasure. Men felt that now the capital was safe. These three thousand Jerseyman, thoroxighly armed and equipped, — as no regiment previously arrived had been, — could be relied on to repel all assaults. New Jersey never stood higher in the estimation of the loyal people of the country than at that juncture when she sent to the nation's defense the first full brigade of troops that reached tlie field." § f Ibid. X Commissioned April 27, 1861. g Foster's New Jersey and the Rebellion. 118 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. The passage of the troops from Trenton to Annap- olis and their arrival at the latter place were thus noticed hy the National Intelligencer : "The whole brigade, with its four pieces of artillery, arrived at Annap- olis on Sunday, May 5th, in twenty-eight houi-e from Trenton, and pro- ceeded direct for Washington. It ifi 8ta;ted that the fourteen transports, "with a strong convay, C^t. F. E. Leper, made a splendid appearance steaming: in two lines down the Chesapeake. They had been greeted by a great Union demonstration as they passed along the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. They are armed with the Mini6 musket, but are to have the Mini6 rifle and sword-bayonet; . . . This regiment is composed of some of the best men in the State, and in athletic appearance, as well as general soldierly deportment, is a credit to the country." On the 9th and 10th of May the regiments of the hrigade moved out from Washington to Meridian Hill, near the city, where they formed a camp which was christened " Camp Monmouth." There they remained, engaged in drill and the perfecting of their discipline, until the 23d of the same month, when, in obedience to orders received from Gen. Mansfield (commander of the forces around Washington), the Second, Third, and Fourth Regiments* moved from their camp at about midnight and took the route, by way of the Long Bridge across the Potomac, to Virginia. They reached the " Sacred Soil" at about three o'clock in the morning of the 24th, then, proceeding a short distance farther on the Alexandria road, halted, and after a brief rest and the making of the usual military dispositions commenced the construction of a strong defensive work, which, after about three weeks of severe and unintermitted labor, — performed exclu- sively by the men of New Jersey, — was completed, mounted with heavy guns, and appropriately named, in honor of their brigade commander, " Fort Run- yon," — a name which remained unchanged during the continuance of the war. The position of the brigade remained substantially unchanged until the 16th of July, when a part of it was moved forward a few miles, this being part of the grand advance on Manassas, from which the most favorable results were expected, but which ended in the disgraceful defeat and rout of the Union forces at Bull Run on the 21st of July. The Jersey brigade, however, was not actively engaged in the battle of that disastrous day, being posted at several points in the reart as part of the large reserve force commanded * The First did not move till the following day. t " Meanwhile, Gen. Kunyon had, on the 16th, sent the First Regiment of his brigade to a point occupied by our pickets, on the Oi'ange and Alexandria Railroad, three miles beyond Springfield, where they acted as a guard to a party engaged in repairing the railway. On the same day four hundred and twenty-five men of the Third Begiment were detailed as an escort to a provision-train en route for the main body of the army. At the same time a guard was detailed from the Fourth Regiment for another section of the railroad which it was important to hold. guarding the Long Bridge, and still another on duty at Arlington Mills. The remainder of the regiment was ordered to proceed to Alexandria, together with the Second (three months) Regiment. Col. Taylor, com- manding the Third (three years) Regiment, was at the same time ordered to march to a point on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and during the night following the First and Second (three years) Regiments were moved foi-ward to Vienna. On the same day the division headtiuarters by Gen. Runyon. But in the positions assigned to them the several commands did their whole duty, and when the day was hopelessly lost, and the Union army came flying from the field in disorganization and panic, these Jersey regimenfe, standing firm, aided materially in rallying the terrified fugitives, and so staying the tide of overwhelming disaster. On the 24th of July, three days after the Bull Run battle, the Third and Fourth Regiments (their term of service having expired) were ordered to report to Gen. Mansfield for muster out. The First and Second received the same orders on the following day, and the four regiments of three months' men were accord- ingly mustered out of the United States service, and returned to New Jersey, where they were most enthu- siastically received by their fellow-citizens. A ma- jority of the men afterwards enlisted in three years' regiments and did good service, while many of them gave their lives for their country on the battle-fields of Virginia and the Southwest. Following is a list of the ofiicers and men of the three Hunterdon County companies in the Third (three months) Regiment: COMPANT E (LAMBERTVILLE). The officers and enlisted men of this company were all enrolled April 25, 1861, mustered into service April 27, 1861, and mustered out, July 31, 1861. George Hunt, corporal. William Spencer, corporal. Henry Cafry, corporal. Joseph Sprote, corporal. George Terkes, iifer. William Lees, drummer. Aehbel W. Angel, captain. Aaron H. Slack, first lieutenant. Isaac M. Bunnell, ensign. Charles A. Angel, first sergeant. Theodore F. Large, sergeant. Thomas Hunt, sergeant. Samuel Mustard, sergeant. Privates. James Agin, Charles Bauman, Jacob J. Bergen, Jerome Bogart, Lewis T. Brant, Albert Buriingame, John H. Chidester, James Clark, John H. Clark, Richard S. Conover, Alexander Corrie, John Craig, Patrick Daver, Andrew I. Day, Michael Downs, William H. Egan, John Ely, Richard Ely, Thomas Flaherty, John W. Fowler, John H. Gilbert, Patrick Hammell, Jacob Hines, Daniel K. Hinson, Thomas Horn, Michael Hunt, William Hnnter, Benjamin H. Joiner, John B. Jonesi John H. Keisle, Smith F. Kinsey, Matthias Kiret, Peter C. Kulp, John A, Kutter, William Linburn, John.Logue, James Longshore, James were transferred to Alexandria, and instructions were issued to the De Kalb Begiment, wbicli had become attached to the division, with other troops, to keep a guard at all times on the railroad from Camp Trenton the former headquarters, to Ariington Mills. On the 17th orders werj issued to all the regiments in the command to provide themselves with two days' cooked rations, and, on the 18th, Gen. Bunyon formally as- sumed command of all the troops not on the march to the front. "The troops actually under Gen. Rnuyon's command at this critical and important period numbered thirteen regiments, comprising perhaps ten thousand men. Of these, the term of service of some four thousand would expire witliin a week, and that of one regiment within two davs after his assumption ot the command. His prepaiations, however, went regulariy forward, every call upon him being promptly met. On the 2Tst of July-the day on which the army advanced to the attack-he for- Another detail of one company from this regiment was then ^^Xr'w^th ^feti^t'^t^d'Tnd'lhii;' fthrT -- J-^^--.- obedience to orders from Gen, McDowell. On the evening of the same day, orders being received to cease sending reinforcements, the battle havmgbeen lost, the forts were at once placed in rea. B Sept. 20, 1862 John L. W. Wentz, first lientenant ; com. Ang. 21, 1862 ; pro. to captain Co. A Sept. 29, 1863. Washington Irvine, first lieutenant ; com. Sept. 29, 1863 ; pro. from second lieutenant Co. J> ; must, out June 23, 1864. Arthur H. Hardcastle, second lieutenant ; com. June 13, 1861 ; res. Nov. 7. 1861. William C. Barnard, second lieutenant; com. Dec. 16, 1861; aide-de- camp to Gen. Kearney ; killed in action at Williamsburg, Va., May 6. 1862. Franklin H. Coles, second lieutenant ; com. May 29, 1862 ; pro. to first lieutenant Co. A Sept. 4, 1862. Charles A. McOlung, second lieutenant ; com. Sept. 15, 1862 ; pro. to first lieutcnaut Co. E Dec. 10, 1862. John Torbert, Second lieutenant; com. Feb. 19, 1863; private of Co. 1, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry ; pro. to second lieutenant ; res. Nov. 12, 1863. Oscar H. Westlake, first sergeant; enl. May 29, 1861; pro. lieutenant Co. B Aug. 13, 1862. John Miller, first sergeant ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; pro. from sergeant Sept. 1, 1862 ; must, out June 23, 1864. , John 0. Wiggins, sergeant; enl. May 29, 1861; pro. to second lieutenant Co. C Nov. 8, 1861. Kichard Cassidy, sergeant ; enl. June 24, 1861 ; must, out June 23, 1864. Lewis S. Fisher, sergeant ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; pro. to second lieutenant Co. H July 2, 1862. John T. Space, sergeant ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; must, out June 23, 1864. Augustus Gootsche, sergeant ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; must, out June 23, 1864. Peter T. Vanderveer, sergeant ; enl. May 29,1861; disch. for disability Nov. 28, 1862. James Toomer, sergeant; enl. May 29, 1861 ; disch. for disabUity Sept. 9, 1863. Theodore McCoy, sergeant; enl. May 29, 1861; killed at Crampton's Pass, Md., Sept, 14, 1862. Johns. Judd, sergeant; enl. May 29, 1861 ; died of wounds May 30, 1864. David T. Eunyon, corporal; enl. May 20, 1861 ; must, out June 23, 1864. Philip French, corporal ; enl. May 29,1861; must, out June 29,1865; re-enl. Dec. 30, 1863 ; served in Co. C, Fifteenth Eegiment, and Co. A, Third Battery. George W. Luse, corporal ; enl. May 29, 1861; not must, out with com- pany. Jasper Van Buskirk, corporal; enl. May 29, 1861; not must, out with company. Corelius Van Zandt, corporal ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; Oct. 7, 1862. , to second disch. for disability 124 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Henry V. Lowe, corporal ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; disch. for disability Oct. 31, 1862. Jacob Crater, corporal ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; died of wounds at Fredericks- burg, Vtt., May 24, 1864. Christopher Hoagland, corporal ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; killed at Spottsyl- vania Court-house, Va., May 12, 1864. William Fuller, corporal ; ent. May 29, 1861 ; died of disease Sept. 11, 1863. George W. Himes, musician ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; must, out June 23, 1864. John Burkmeyer, musician ; enl. May 29, 1861 ; died March 22, 1864. Benjaniio F. Sliinn, wagoner; enl. May 25, 1861 ; must, out J\ine23, 1864. Martin Blanchard, wagoner j enl. May 29, 1861 ; died of fever Sept. 22, 1862. Pi-ivates* Peter S. AUeger. Woodhull Amerman, disch. for disability Nov. 18, 1862. Samuel Apgar, disch. from hospital Aug. 20, 1863. Martm Bush. Miller G. Bell, disch. for disability Sept. 12, 1S63. Philip W. Bunn, disch. for disability May 15, 1862. John V. Bennett, miflsing in action May 10, 1864; recorded at "War De- partment as died at that date. George C. Cummings, enl. June 24, 1861 : re-enlisted ; must, out June 29, 1865. Ananias M. Oonover, disch. for disability Feb. 16, 1863. James Doyle, paroled prisoner; must, out Jan. 19, 1865. Daniel Dickson, disch. for disability May 15, 1862. Abraham P. Drost, disch. for disability Oct. 24, 18G2. John Duryea, disch. to join regular army Dec. 12, 1862, John J. Delta, killed in action at Gaines' Farm, Va., June 27, 1862. Joseph Dunham, died of fever Oct. 17, 1 861 ; buried at Alexandria, Ya. William S. Forgus, disch. for disability Oct. 29, 1862. George Fenner, tiaus. to Co. C, Fifteenth Regiment ; re-enl. Dec. 30, 1863. William Fenuer, enl. Jan. 25, 1S64 ; missing in action May 10, 1864; supposed dead. Edward Gaylord, not mustered put with compauy. Smith D. Gibbons, enl. June 20, 1861 ; not mustered out with company. Philip Good heart. Joachim Giilick. Andrew Getberd, trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps; disch. therefrom March 19, 1864. Jacob Hauck, re-eul. Dec. 30, 18G3 ; must, out June 29, 1865. Thomas Hines. Joseph Human, re-enl. Dec. 30, 1863; must, out June 29, 1865. James Hymer. Valentine Holla, disch. for disability March 29, 18G2. ■Charles Hill, not mustered out with company. Adam Job, killed in action at Gaines' Farm, Va., June 27, 1862. Michael Kaley, died in camp March 26, 1863. John Reiser, died of wounds Sept. 10, 1862; buried at Alexandria, Va. Nicholas Kortzendoifer. Frederick Kreti-hman. Adam Knhn, Jr., enl. Jan. 25, 1864; recruit; must, out June 29, 1865. Elias C. Kiilp, re-enl. Dec. 30, 1863 ; must, out June 29, 1865. Lewis Kaliler, disch. for disability July 16, 1862. John Kelley, discb. for disability April 2, 18(33. William, Latuurette, disch. for disability Dec. 24, 1862. Charles Leonhait, enl. Sept. 20, 18G1; disch. for disability Jan. 23, 1863. Christopher Lynch, disch. for disability March 16, 1863. Michael V. D. Lawrence. Henry Ladingburg, trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. Augustus C. Liudsley, trans, to Signal Corps; disch. therefrom Aug. 16, 1865. John Lederman, killed in action at Gaines' Farm, Va., June 27, 1862. William Liltell, died of wounds May 24, 1863. Itobert Leslie, enl. Jan. 6, 1862; not must, out with company. Joseph McNcar, killed in action at Salem Heights, Va., May 3, 18G3. Francis McKenna, re-enl.; must, out June 29, 18G5. Benjamin Mabey, disch. for disability May 24, IS'rA. Samuel Meyurs, disch. to join regular army Jan. 27, 1863. John MeyeiB. trans, to Vet. Res. Corps; disch. therefrom May 28, 1864. William Nurtou, disch. fur disability March 27, 18G3. Tuni-s H. Orr, disch. on account of wounds April 14, 1863. Steplien Oveiton. * The privates all enlisted May 29, 18G1, and were mustered out June 23, 1864, unlesB otherwise stated. Michael C. O'Neil, not must, out with company. Samuel Phillips, not must, out with company. Rudolph P. Prtshoud, disch. for disability May 16, 1862. Thomas E. Reeder, enl. Jan. 26, 1864; must, out June 29, 1865. Louis C. Riddle. Henry Rockafellow. Charles Schill. Joseph Seal. William Skillman. Charles Spangler, re-enl. Dec. 30, 1863 ; must, out June 29, 1865. Lewi? C. Scull, enl. Sept. 20, 1861 ; disch. for disability Sept. 12, 1863. Samuel D. Solomon, eul. June 25, 18G1; disch. for disability Jan. 19, 1863. William Southard, disch. for disability Nov. 4, 1861. Peter Smith, enl. July 1, 1861 ; not must, out with company. Dennis Snee, not must, out with company. William Steinka, killed at Salem Heights, Va., May 3, 1863. John B. Templeton. Clark D. Todd, enl. June 20J 1861 ; disch. for disability March 2, 1863. John Thompson, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps ; disch. therefrom May 30, 1864. Samuel Tyler, enl. Sept. 25, 1861 ; trans, to Co. C, Fifteenth Regiment. Joseph T. Walter, disch. for disability Aug. 11, 1862. Andrew Watson, enl. Sept. 21, 1861 ; not must, out with company. Frank Wheeland. E. Augustus Wilson, must, out June 17, 1865. John Williamson, disch. for disability May 15, 1862. Caleb Woodruff, killed at Manassas, Va., Aug. 27, 1862. Joseph T. Young, re-enl.; must, out June 29, 1865. David Toung, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps ; died of fever April 27, 1864. CHAPTEE XII. FIFTH AND SIXTH IKrFAKTTKY EEGIMENTS. Hunterdon County fiirnishea a Company for each Eegiment — OflQcera of the Fifth and Sixth Infantry — Leave " Camp Olden" — Form a Part of the Second New Jersey Brigade — AsBigned to duty as the Third Bri- gade, in Hoolcer's Division — Movements on the Potomac— Battle of ■Williamsburg — Fair Oaks— Losses in the Peninsula Campaign — En- gaged at Bristow Station, Chantilly, etc.— UuHincliing Bravery at Get- tysburg-Superb Behavior at Spottaylvania Court-house— Other en- gagements— Muster-out— Kusters of Co. A, Fifth Infantry, and Co. H, Sixth Infantry Regiments. The Fifth and Sixth Eegiments of New Jersey in- fantry contained each one company raised in Hunter- don County. As these two regiments served together in the same brigade, and as the histories of their cam- paigns are consequently very nearly identical, they are here given together in one narrative. These regiments, as also the Seventh and Eighth, were raised under a requisition made by President Lincoln on the 24th of July, 1861, three days after the great disaster at Bull Run. The Fifth was mustered into the service under Col. Samuel H. Starr, the other regimental officers being: Lieutenant-colonel, Ger- shom Mott ; major, William S. Truex ; adjutant, Cald- well K. Hall; surgeon, James C. Fisher; assistant surgeon, Addison W. Woodhull; quartermaster, James F. Eusling. The regimental officers of the Sixth were : Colonel, James T. Hatfield ; lieutenant-colo- nel, Simpson E. Stroud; major, John P. Van Leer; adjutant, Leonard J. Gordon; quartermaster, Joseph Woodward ; surgeon, John Wiley ; assistant surgeon, Bedford Sharpe. The commissioned officers of A company of the Fifth were: Captain, Ashbel W. Angel; first lieutenant, Charles A. Angel; second FIFTH AND SIXTH INFANTEY REGIMENTS. 125 lieutenant, Theodore P. Large. Those of H company of. the Sixth (also from Hunterdon) were: Captain, James Bird ; first lieutenant, Samuel G. Stockton ; second lieutenant, Jonas F. Hull. Both these com- panies were raised at Lamhertville, Hunterdon Co. The Fifth Regiment left Camp Olden on the 29th of August, and reported for duty in Washington on the following day. The Sixth left Camp Olden Sep- tember 10th, and reported in Washington on the 11th. The Seventh and Eighth Eegiments left the State on the 19th of September and 1st of October, respect- ively, and the four regiments were brigaded together as the Second Brigade of New Jersey troops, under Col. Starr, of the Fifth, as brigade commander. The first camp was made at Meridian Hill, near Wash- ington. About the 1st of December the brigade was moved to Budd's Ferry, Md., — a point about forty-five miles below Washington, — and there assigned to duty as the Third Brigade of the division of Gen. Hooker. This division lay at that time encamped at various points extending from Mattawoman Creek to Liverpool Point, on the Potomac. On the south side of that river, opposite the position of Hooker's division, were formidable Confederate batteries at Shipping Point, Cockpit Point, and Evansport, these having been erected for the purpose of closing the navigation of the river. But the evacuation of Manassas by the rebels made it inexpedient for them to hold these batteries, and they were accordingly abandoned about the 8th of March. Upon this fact becoming known, a detachment of five hundred men of the Fifth Eegi- ment, under Lieut.-Col. Mott, crossed the river under orders from Gen. Hooker to seize and occupy the po- sition which the Confederates had evacuated. This was the first important duty peirformed by the men of this brigade. The detachment temporarily occupied the position, capturing four pieces of artillery and a large amount of stores, which had been abandoned ^y the enemy in his hasty retirement. After this expedition the brigade remained quietly encamped until the first week in April, when, with the division, it was transferred to the York Eiver, Virginia, and landed near the mouth of Cheeseman's Creek, where it was placed under command of Brig.- Gen. F. E. Patterson, the division being incorporated with the Army of the Potomac and destined to take part in all the important movements of that army in its Peninsular campaign against Eichmond. Its first position was in front of the strong works of the enemy at Yorktown. Early in the morning of Sunday, May 4th, it was found that the Confederate line stretching southward from Yorktown to the mouth of Warwick Eiver had been abandoned, and thereupon the Union army was put in motion in pursuit of the enemy, who was re- treating towards Eichmond. The Second New Jer- sey Brigade entered Yorktown, and at about two o'clock moved out from that place on the Williams- burg road. Its bivouac for the night was in a swamp about seven miles beyond Yorktown. At two o'clock in the morning of the 5th it moved out from this bivouac, and struggled on through darkness and mud and pouring rain towards its first battle-field, — that of Williamsburg. At that place the Confederates lay in heavy force and very strongly posted, their main work, Fort Magruder, commanding the road and a broad " slashing" on either -side of it, with a line of about twenty strong redoubts stretching away from the fort in both directions entirely across the Penin- sula from river to river. Arriving in front of this ap- parently impregnable position at about half-past seven o'clock in the morning, the undaunted Hooker at once moved to the attack. Two batterie,, Bramhall's and Eakin's, were advanced on the right of the road, with the Fifth New Jersey Eegiment to support them. The Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Eegiments were formed in line on the left of the road and or- dered forward. "Steadily adTancing through the underbrush, the gallant regiments soon came upon the enemy's forces, and at once opened a vigorous iire. Here, for three hours, the coniiict ra.sed with desperate fury. Command- ing the ground at every point, tlie fire of tile enemy was pitilessly de- structive, and did not slaclcen for a moment. But the brave men into whose faces it was poured stood firmly and unfiinchiugly, — sometimep, indeed, pushed back a little space, but ob surely hurling the rebels, bleeding and shattered, baclc to their works. From the nature of the ground, there was no opportunity for tlie bayonet, buf the rapid volleys of our heroic troops were scarcely less effective. Aud thus the battle raged, the enemy, reiuforced again and .again, directing against these three regiments all the fury of their attack, but still the little column stood immovable. At last, however, the enemy, driven now to despera- tion, rushed forward in overwhelming numbers, pouring a terrific fire into our whole line. Then, at last, that line wavered. Their ammuni- tion exhausted, their muskets rusted by the drenching rain, their ranks terribly thinned, exhausted by want of food and a dilBcult march, these heroes of the day before this last overwhelming onset fell slowly hack. But they were not defeated. They had held the enemy in check, had frustrated every attempt to flank our position, and so had saved the di- vision, which but for this stubborn resistance would have been swept in disaster from the field."* The Fifth, which had been sent in support of the batteries, maintained its position there under a tre- mendous fire of musketry and artillery for six long hours ; and at last, when the rebel infantry charged and captured some of the pieces, the regiment made a counter-charge, carried an advanced position, and held it through the remainder of the day, maintain- ing a continuous and most destructive fire on the enemy for fully four hours. Finally, the gallant Kearney threw his division into the fire, assaulting the Confederate line with the most desperate impetu- osity, and the battle became more furious than at any time during the day. An important part of the hos- tile works was carried, and when night closed the Union arms were victorious all along the line. The enemy retreated during the night, taking the road to Eichmond aud leaving his dead and wounded on the field. The losses of Hooker's division in this san- guinary conflict aggregated nearly sixteen hundred * Foster's " New Jersey and the Rebellion." 126 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. men, of which the Jersey brigade sustained more than its proportionate share. Three days after the battle the brigade moved with its division towards Richmond. Marching by way of Tunstall's Station and Bottom's Bridge, it crossed the Chickahominy at the latter point, and halted at Turner's Farm on the 26th. From this place it was advanced to a position in the rear of Casey's division, which occupied the front line, facing the enemy near Fair Oaks Station of the York River EaOroad. At a little after noon on the 31st of May this division (Casey's) was suddenly attacked by an overwhelming force of Confederates, and was forced back in disor- der ; but reinforcements came up, the battle became general, and raged with great fury through the after- noon. Late in the day the Third Corps was ordered to advance, and under this order the Fifth and Sixth* New Jersey Regiments moved forward with their di- vision and, reaching the front line at dark, went into position, and so remained during the night. The battle was renewed on the following day (Sun- day, June 1st), and the Fifth and Sixth New Jersey went in, leading the advance, and with Gen. Hooker in person at their head. The enemy was soon found, and the battle raged furiously for nearly three hours, in which the Jersey regiments fully sustained the rep- utation they had gained at Williamsburg. Col. Starr, in his report of the battle, said, — " The road, and the fields on both sides of the road, were thronged with flying regiments from the battle-ground, two or three miles in front, through whose routed and disorderly masses I was compelled to force my way with bayonet and sabre. At 7 a.m. on the let instant the Fifth and Si.tth New Jersey marched forward (Gen. Patterson still being very ill), and were actively engaged from about a quarter past seven A.M. until a quartor to ten a.m.— two and a half hours-with the enemy, the Fifth Regiment losing four privates killed, three ofBcers and fifty- one men wounded, and two privates missing; total, si.xty. . . . The loss of the Sixth Regiment has not yet been reported to me, but is consider- able less. Gen. Hookei- was himself witness, a part of the time, of the behavior of the two regiments under my command, and to him I leave the comments thereon.f Credit being but reluctantly accorded to this brigade for their services, its members look inwards and upwards for their reward. The Fifth aud Si.vth Regiments have been for four days and nights under anus, in battle, reconnoissance, and in holding the most advanced position on this flank of the army. They are still under arms, and see no prospect of an hour's rest for days to come. They have been exposed night and day to deluges of rain, and have suffered every species of privation incident to an army in an enemy's country." The loss of the Sixth Regiment in the battle of Fair * The Seventh and Eighth had previously been detailed for other duty. t The comments made by Gen. Hooker in his report of the battle were as follows: "It gives me great pleasure to bear testimony to the con- tinued good conduct of the Fifth and Sixth New Jei-sey Regiments Their ranks have been greatly thinned by battle and sickness, and they had been encamped in the immediate neighborhood of troops partially demoralized from the events of the preceding day ; yet, on the fli-st in- dication of a renewal of the conflict, I found their lines formed and they were as ready to meet it as though our arms had been crowned with success. Brig.-Gen. F. E. Patterson w«3 prevented from participating in these operations on Sunday by sickness, and his command devolved on Col. S. H. Stan-, of the Fifth New Jersey Regiment, whose energy and courage were conspicuous on every part of the field. Especial mention is also due to Ool. G. Mott and Lieut.-Col. George 0. Burling of the Sixth New Jersey Regiment, for their distinguished services'on this field." Oaks was twenty-one killed and wounded. The two regiments bivouacked in their position on the night of the 1st, and on the 2d of June advanced and occu- pied the ground recovered from the enemy. On the 25th of June they took part in a battle fought a short distance in front of the old battle-ground of Fair Oaks, and here again they fought most bravely. In the retreat to the James River, which com- menced on the 28th of June, the brigade was ordered to the rear, — which is the post of honor and of danger in a retreat, — and was under heavy and long-continued fire, and sustained slight losses, both at Glendale (June 30th) and Malvern Hill (July 1st), but was not otherwise engaged. It reached Harrison's Landing on the 3d, and there went into camp. A few weeks later it took part in the second battle of Malvern Hill, which, however, was but an inconsiderable affair. This was the last fighting done by this brigade on the Peninsula. Its losses in the Peninsula cam- paign were six hundred and thirty-four in killed and wounded alone. On the 21st of July the brigade marched, with other commands of the army, from Harrison's Landing, moved down the Peninsula to Yorktown, was there embarked on transports, and proceeded to Alexan- dria, being destined to reinforce the overmatched army of Gen. Pope. From Alexandria it was moved out to Warrenton Junction on the 25th, and from there marched rapidly to the front. It found the enemy at Bristow Station, where a severe battle was fought on the 27th of August, the Jersey regiments charging and driving the Confederates in gallant style ; again at Bull Run on the 29th, and still again at Chantilly on the 30th, keeping their bright record on both fields. The losses of the two regiments in this series of battles were : Fifth Regiment, killed, wounded, and missing, fifty-one; Sixth Regiment, one hundred and four. From this campaign the brigade returned to Alex- andria, where it remained (taking no part in the An- tietam campaign) until the 1st of November. From that time until the 20th it was employed in a series of unimportant movements, but at the last-named date it moved down the Rappahannock River to Fal- mouth, where it arrived on the night of the 28th. The march to this place had been a most severe one on the men, as they were without rations and many of them nearly barefooted. During this march the brigade commander. Gen. Patterson, died very sud- denly in his tent, and the command then fell to Col. Joseph W. Revere, of the Seventh Regiment. In the movement against the Confederate position at Fredericksburg on the 13th of December the Second New Jersey Brigade was not engaged in actual battle, though it moved across the river and remained in position during the conflict. It was for a time under a very heavy fire, but sustained no loss except that of one man killed in the Seventh Regiment. In the night following the battle it returned to the north FIFTH AND SIXTH INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 127 l)ank of the river and reoccupied its former camps, which, became its winter quarters. When the new commander of the army, Gen. Hooker, moved his forces across the Rappahannock, in the spring of 1863, the brigade (which then com- prised, in addition to the New Jersey regiments, a New York and a Pennsylvania regiment) took part in the campaign, under command of Col. Mott, of the Fifth New Jersey. It crossed the river on the 1st of May, but remained near, guarding the fords, until about six o'clock p.m. on the 2d, when it was ordered to the front to help retrieve the disaster caused by the disgraceful flight and panic of the Eleventh Corps. It did not; however (on account of the wild disorder on the field), reach the position assigned to it until about two o'clock A.M. on the 3d. At half-past four it was advanced a short distance farther to the front, where it occupied a breast-work, and stubbornly held it for two hours against several desperate assaults made by the enemy, but was at last compelled to withdraw. It was reformed in the rear of the Chancellor House, and soon after advanced to another charge, capturing the assaulted work and planting the Union coloirs upon it. It was found, however, that the stronghold could not be held except at the probable sacrifice of nearly the- entire command, and so it was reluctantly withdrawn, to take position in the new line which had been formed in the rear of the Chancellor House. In this battle the fighting was terrific, and the beha- vior of the New Jersey regiments splendid. The loss of the Fifth was one hundred and sixteen killed and wounded and nine missing ; that of the Sixth, sixty- four killed and wounded and eight missing. After the operations above noted the brigade was not se- verely engaged, but remained on the field until the 6th of May, when it recrossed the Rappahannock and occupied its former camp. In the great battle of Gettysburg the brigade was engaged, and in the thickest of the fight, on the 2d of July, when it was under the heaviest artillery- and musketry-fire for a long time, and sustained repeated assaults of the enemy's infantry with unflinching bravery. On the 3d it was again engaged, but less heavily. The losses of the Fifth Regiment on this field were seventy-eight killed and wounded and sixteen miss- ing ; the Sixth lost thirty-three killed and wounded and eight missing. The total loss of the brigade was five hundred and thirteen. After the Confed- erate army had retreated across the Potomac the Jersey brigade, crossing that river with the army, went into camp at Bealton, Va. It was engaged in a fight with the enemy's cavalry and infantry at Mo- Lean's Ford on the 15th of October, losing in all about thirty men. After this it participated in the movements of the army during the remainder of the year, but was not again engaged. Its winter quarters were taken near Brandy Station. On the 4th of May, 1864, the Second New Jersey Brigade* — then a part of the Second Army Corps — crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, and moved rap- idly away with other commands of the army into the Virginia Wilderness. It became engaged with the enemy on the 5th, and again, more heavily, on the 6th. From this time it saw little fighting until the 10th, when it fought at Spottsylvania Court-house. The 11th was a day of comparative quiet, but on the 12th it again moved under fire in the terrific battle of that day at Spottsylvania. " The behavior of the New Jersey regiments in this terrible battle was superb. For fourteen hours they stood the very brunt of the storm, never yielding an incli or losing heart in their work. All around them the slaughter was terrible, but they remained unappalled. The rebel dead were piled in heaps on their side of the works, presenting a spec- tacle of horror almost without parallel. Among the dead were many wounded writhing under the bloody heaps. On McAUister'sf immediate front, where the enemy repeatedly threw forward his massed columns to break our lines, a tree measuring twenty-six inches in diameter was (it is said) cut down by musket- and rifle-balls, — a fact which shows better than any description the intensity of the fire.":): The result of the struggle was undecisive, but the fighting had been so tremendous that the Union and Confederate forces were completely exhausted ; and, as if by mutual consent, hostilities were suspended during the succeeding two days. The brigade fought again on the 15th, with slight loss. It was subse- quently engaged on the 23d and 24th at Chesterfield Bridge, a few days later at Tolopotomy, and on June 3d in the bloody battle at Cold Harbor, where it suf- fered very severely. On the 7th it was at Baker's Mill, on the Chickahominy, and remained there until the 12th. Thence it moved to the James River, crossing that stream on the 14th, and arriving in front of Petersburg on the following day. On the 16th it took part in a general assault on the enemy's lines encircling that stronghold, and again in an equally bloody assault on the 18th. For three days afterwards the fighting was almost continuous. Still another heavy assault was made on the 23d, and after that there was a comparative lull in the fighting through the remainder of the month. Up to that time — that is, during the months of May and June — the losses of the Fifth Regiment had been one hun- dred and sixteen killed, one hundred and nineteen wounded, and twenty-two missing ; of the Sixth, one hundred and fifteen killed and wounded and eight missing. The movements of the forces investing Petersburg from this time until its final capture were too numer- ous and complicated to be mentioned in detail. It is sufBcient to say that in all these movements, during the summer and fall of' 1864 and the winter and spring of 1865, down to the closing scene at Appo- mattox, the regiments of the Second New Jersey Brigade bravely and nobly performed all the duties * The brigade then comprised the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Eleventh New Jersey, the One Hundred and Fifteenth Pennsylvania, and the First and Sixteenth Massachusetts Regiments. f Col. McAllister, cummandiug the Jersey brigade. J Foster's " New Jersey and the Eebellion." 128 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. assigned to them and added new lustre to their al- ready brilliant record. The war was virtually ended by the surrender of Lee, and on the 2d of May the brigade left Burkeville Station for the march towards home. Passing through Richmond on the 6th, it ar- rived at Arlington on the 15th, and took part in the memorable review of the Army of the Potomac at the national capital on the 23d of May. A few days later the men were transported to Trenton, where they were disbanded and returned to their homes. Following is given a list of oflicers and enlisted men of the two Hunterdon County companies in the Fifth and Sixth Regiments : COMPANY A, FIFTH EBGIMENT.* Ashbel W. Angel, captain ; com. Alig. 28, 1861 ; trana. to Co. I. John W. Neal, captain ; com. Dec. 16, 1SG2, vice Angel ; res. April 14, 18G3 ; disability. Tiiomae G. Mon-ow, captain ; com. May 19, 1863, vice Neal ; pro. from first lieutenant ; trans, to Co. B. David H. Aj'ers, captain; com. April 1, 1864; trans, from Co. I; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Charles A. Angel, first lieutenant ; com. Aug. 28, 1861 ; trana. to Co. I. Jamea H. Wilson, first lieutenant ; com. Sept. 20, 1862, vice 0. A. Angel; res. May 23, 1863 ; disaWlity. Charles C. Dalley, first lieutenant ; com. April 1, 1864, vice Wilson ; trans. to Co. E, Seventh Keginient. Theodore P. Large, second lieutenant; com. Aug. 28, 1861 ; pro. to first lieutenant Co. H May 16, 1862. Edward P. Berry, second lieutenant; com. May 16, 1862. vice Large; pro. to first lieutenant Co. G July 7, 1862, George J. Lawyer, second lieutenant ; com. July 7, 1862, vice Berry ; trans. to Co. C Dec. 12, 1862. Henry R. Clark, second lieut. ; com. Dec. 16, 1862, vice Lawyer; killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863 ; buried at Mercer Cemetery, Trenton, N. J. Elias G. Wright, second lieutenant ; com. April 1, 1864, vice Clark ; trans to Co. C. James T. Odem, second lieutenant; com. Oct. 13, 1864, nice Wright; trana. to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Charles W. Aruett, first sergeant ; enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; pro. to second lieu- tenant Co. C May 16, 1862. Isaac Barnes, first sergeant; enL Aug. 28, 1862; disch. for disability Oct 24, 1863. William H. Powera, first sergeant ; enl. Feb. 29, 1864 ; trans, to Co. F Seventh Regiment. Henry Seabridge, muiician ; enl. Aug. 30, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 4, 1865. William W. Smith, musician ; enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co I Aug 11, 1862. Andrew L. Day, sergt. ; enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; disch. for die. July 30, 1862. Richard J. Waidell, sergeant ; enl. Aug. 28, 1862; trans, to Co E Feb 11, 1864. Edwin Ellis, aergt. ; enl. Sept. 2, 1862 ; trans, to Co. F, Seventh Regiment. Eben N. Pieraon, sergeant; enl. Feb. 29, 1864; trana. to Uo. E, Seventh Regiment. Alexander Duffees, aergeant; enl. Nov. 1, 1862; trans, to Co. F Feb 11 1864. " ' ' Jamea 0. Bellis, sergt. ; enl. Aug. 14. 1861 ; trana. to Co. K Aug. 11, 1862. George I. Smith, sergeant; enl. Feb. 18,1864; killed at Cold Harbor Va May 31, 1864. ' '' Thomas Dowling, sergeant; enl. Sept. 13, 1862 ; killed at Chancellorsville May 23, 1863. James Bamford, corporal; enl. Aug. 28, 1862 ; trana. to Veteran Eeaei-va Corps Jan. 15, 1864; disch. Feb. 1, 1865. Jacob Skillman, corporal ; enl. Aug. 28, 1862 ; trans, to Co. G, First Cav- ali-j', Nov. 27, 1862. James M. Van Houten, corporal; enl. March 14, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. * In Auguet, 1862, thia company waa diabanded and its offlcera and men tranaferred to ditferent companiea in the regiment. A new Com- pany A was raised, and sent into the field about the 1st of October, 1862. Those of the original members of A company who did not re-enliat were mustered out Sept. 7, 1804. George W. Preston, corporal ; enl. Oct. 4, 1862 ; trans, to Co. D. William F. Bariolett, corporal; enl. March 2, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. John B. Cruden, corporal; enl. March 26, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Marmaduke Goodyear, corporal ; enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; died of disease June 20, 1862. Willinm Van Horn, corporal ; enl. Sept. 15, 1862; died of disease Deo. 30, 1863; buried at Trenton, N. J. William Wortman, corporal ; enl. March 4, 1864; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864; buried at City Point Cemetery, Va. Wm. C. Warden, corporal ; enl. Oct. 6, 1862 ; not must, out with company. Privates. Elijah C. Ager, enl. July 23, 1864 ; trans, to Co. F, Seventh Regiment. Lewis Allegar, enl. April 15, 1864 ; trana. to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. James W. Andrews, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. Conrad Apgar, enl. Feb. 27, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. William Asband, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. David Allen, enl. Dec. 24, 1862; not must, out with company. John Allen, eul. Nov. 4, 1862 ; not must, out with company. Edward Armatrong, enl. March 23, 1864; not muat. out with company. Owen Bannen, enl. Sept. 30, 1862 ; trana to Co. D Feb. 11, 1864. J.xme3 Bell, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. Peter D. Bergen, enl. Aug. 30, 1862; trana to Co. D Feb. 11, 1864. Corneliua A. Booze, enl. Aug. 2S, 1862 ; trans, to Co. D Feb. 11, 1864. John Brink, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. John Buck, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; trana. to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. Joseph Butcher, enl. Aug. 29, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Jacob Beckstein, enl. Feb. 29, 1864 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 16, 1864. Joseph Bower, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; died May 17, 1862, of wounds received at Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862. Bradford, Samuel W., enl. Sept. 5, 1862; killed at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. William Brewer, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; killed at Fair Oaks June 1, 1862. George Brown, enl. Feb. 9, 1864 ; kUled at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Peter H. Ball, enl. Feb. 23, 1864 ; missing, and not must, out with com- pany. John Barrett, enl. Sept. 19, 1862 ; missing, and not must, out with com- pany. Philip Battman, enl. Dec. 24, 1862 ; missing, and not must, out with company. Archibald Bell, enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; missing, and not must, out with com- pany. Louis Blanck, enl. May 2, 1864; missing, and not must, out with com- pany. Charles Bradford, enl. Nov. 28, 1862; missing, and not must, out with company. Lewis T. Brand, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; missing, and not must, out with company. Charies Brown, enl. Nov. 23, 1663 ; missing, and not must, out with company. Andrew Burns, enl. Dec. 1, 1862; missing, and not must, out with com- pany. John Burns, enl. March 19, 1864 ; miaaing, and not must, out with com- pany. Frank Caldwell, enl. Aug. 30, 1862 ; missing, and not must, out with company. Edward Camp, enl, March 29, 1864 ; missing, and not must, out with company. John Cirey, enl. April 22, 1864 ; missing, and not must, out with com- pany. Michael Convery, enl. Oct. 10, 1862 ; missing, and not must, out with company. James Crawford, enl. March 26, 1864; missing, and not must, out with company. Andrew J. Curren, enL March 9, 1864; missing, and not muat. out with company. John Callahan, enl. March 12, 1864; trans, to Co. G, Seventh Regiment. Horace W. Carey, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Aug. 11, 1862 David W. Carr, enl. March 17, 1864; trans, to Co. G, Seventh Regiment. Dunbar H. Case, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. Edward W. Case, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Aug. 11, 1862. William J. Cliamberiain, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Aug. 11, 1862. William Chidester, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Aug. 11, 1862. John Clancy, enl. Oct. 31, 1862; trans, to Co. D Feb. 11, 1864. FIFTH AND SIXTH INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 129 John W. Clai-k, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. F Ang. 11, 1862. William H. Clark, enl. March 31, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Kegiment ■William Cole, enl. Feb. 2-5, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. John Colton, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. Charles H. Compton, enl. Aug. 29, 1862; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps, Dec. 1, 1863 ; disch. July 24, 1865. William Cooker, enh Ang. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Ang. 11, 1862. Henry Courter, enl. Feb. 18, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Patiick M. Cox; enl. March 12,1864; trans, to Co. G, Seventh Regiment. William Craig, enl. Sept. 11, 1862; trans, to Veteran Reserve Coi-ps, Sept. 1 , 1863 ; disch. Aug. 9, 1865. George W, Cain, enl. Oct. 7, 1862 ; died of fever in hospital April 14, 1863. .Inmes Clark, enl. March 23, 1864 ; missing at Wilderness ; supposed dead. Alexander Cornelius, enl. Sept. 16, 1862; died in hospital June 4, 1863, buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. 0. Edward Cyphers, enl. March 29, 1864 ; died of disease at Beverly, N. J., November, 1864. Dennis Dalrymple, enl. Feb. 10, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E. Patrick Daver, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. John Benman, enl. March 10, 18G4 ; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Regiment. David Dilts, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E .\ug. 11, 1862. George W. Dilts, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Aug. 11, 1862. John W. Dilts, enl. Ang. 30, 1864 ; trans, to Co. I, Seventh Regiment. Louis Dubois, eul. March 22, 1864 ; trans, to Co. I, Seventh Regiment. Joseph Dunn, enl. Aug. 30, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. I'eter Dunn, enl. Feb. 23, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Walter Davidson, enl. Sept. 2, 1862 ; died of apoplexy at Trenton, N. J., Sept. 11, 1862. David A. Demarest, enl. March 28, 1864 ; died in Andersonville prison Aug. 15, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Andersonville, grave 5689. Alfred J. Be Mott, enl. July 20, 18G4 ; not mustered out with company. John Denver, enl. April 22, 1864. Andrew Diamond, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. James Doyle, enl. Dec. 11, 1862. Charles Dreniard, enl. March 22, 1864. James Dunn, enl. April 22, 1864. John Dnnnovan, enl. Dec. 10, 1862. Christian Eberbeck, enl. Dec. 2, 1862 ; trans, to Co. F, Seventh Kegt. John H. Emerick, enl. Aug. 30, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Andrew J. Emmons, enl. March 10, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regt. William N. Emmons, enl. Feb. 26, 1864 ; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Regt. William Etchell, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. Charles Edwards, enl. Nov.'8, 1862; not mustered out with company. George Edwards, enl. March 29, 1804; missing. Thomas Ellis, enl. Feb. 9, 1864; missing. James B. French, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; died of disease at Camp Baker, Md., April 4, 1862. Thomns Flaherty {alias Andrew J. Smith), enl, Aug. 14, 1861; disch. July 26, 1862, on account of wounds received at Williamsburg, Va. Franklin Foster, enl. Oct. 6, 1862; disch. Nov. 6, 1862, to join regular army. Joseph Gano, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. Miller H. Gary, enl. Feb. 18, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Asher W. Gilbert, enl. Aug. 14, 1801 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. Edward Gorman, i^nl. Ang. 14, 1801; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. Benjamin F. Graves, enl. .Vug. 14, 1861; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. George S. Gray, enl. March 22, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. James W. Gamble, enl. March 9, 1864 ; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., May 31, 1864. Johii Gutchol, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., June 1, 1862. Hamilton Gary, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; not mustered out with company. Charles Glassford, enl. March 9, 1864 ; not mustered out with company. John Gordon, enl. March 19, 1864. Thomas Green, enl. Nov. 26, 1862. James Graves, enl. March 18, 1864. (!harles Gunzer, enl. Sept. 1, 186-. Coonrad Hockenburj', enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; disch. for disability July 22,1862. Patrick Hopkins, enl. Sept. 29, 1862; disch. Sept. 30,1862; rejected by medical board. Jonathan E. Haines, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. Samuel C. Haines, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. Joseph G. Hall, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. F Aug. 11, 1862. Eli Hamilton, enl. Aug. 14,1861 ; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. John Haney, enl. Nov. 14, 1802 ; trans, to Co. D Feb, 11, 1864. Thomas Haunigan, enl. Sept. 16, 1802 ; trans, to Co. B Feb. 11, 1864. Thomas Hannon, enl. March 5, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. James W. Hartpenco, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G Aug. 11, 1862. Michael Hasson, enl. Oct, 2, 1802 ; trans, to Co. E Feb, 11, 1864. John 0. Heath, enl, Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. 6 Aug. 11, 1862. Charles Hennin;;er, enl. Aug. 29, 1864 ; trans, to Co, E, Seventh Regiment. Patrick Henry, enl, Feb. 22, 1SC4 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Albertus K. Hibbs, enl, Aug. 14, 1861; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. John Higgins, enl. Aug, 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. Robert Hill, enl. Feb. 29, 1864 ; trans, to Co, E, Seventh Regiment. Lemuel Hoagland, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1862. Henry Hoehn, enl. April 1, 1804 ; trans, to Co, G, Seventh Regiment. George Home, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E Aug. 11, 1802. Jacob Heulmes, enl, Aug. 30, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Michael Humphrey, enl, Nov, 28, 1862 ; trans, to Co. E Feb. 11, 1864. Thomas Hunt, enl. Feb. 13, 1864 ; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Regiment. Thomas R. Hunt, enl, Aug, 14, 1S61 ; trans, to Co. G Aug. 11, 1862. Francis Hagerty, enl. Nov. 7, 1862; not must, out with company. William Han-ison, eul. March 23, 1864. Charles Henry, enl. Bee. 6, 1862 ; not must, out with company. Patrick Hubbin, eul. Nov. 8, 1802 ; not must, out with company. Loraine Hull, enl. Marcli 10, 1864; not must, out with company. Thomas Jackson, enl. Dec. 20, 1862. John Johnson, enl. Dec. 31, 1862. Thomas Jones, enl, March 19, 1864 ; not must, out with company. George Kane, enl. Sept, 4, 1862; not must, out with company. John Kelly, enl. Sept, 3, 1802 ; not must, out with company. Jonathan T. Kelly, enl. Sept. 4, 1862; not must, out with company. Richard Kemble, enl. March 31, 1804 ; not must, out with company. Christian Koch, enl. Sept. 22, 1£^02 ; not must, out with company, John H. Keiscl, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G Aug. 11, 1862. William H. Ketch, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1802. Hudson Kitchell, enl. Feb, 27, 1804 ; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Regiment. Smith Kitchen, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G Ang. 11, 1802. Frederick Kling, enl. Aug. 29, 1864; trans, to Co, E, Seventh Regiment. Gustavua Knoll, enl. Aug. 29, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Godfried Kolb, enl. Aug, 27, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. George Kopp, enl. April 26, 1804; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Edward Kopper, enl. April 27, 1804; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Thomas Kingsland, enl. March 22, 1804 ; died at Trenton, N. J., March 26, 1804. Henry Luther, enl. Aug. 28, 1802 ; disch. for disability Feb. 11, 1864. Joseph S. Lauer, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. William Lees, enl. Aug. 14, 1801 ; trans, to Co, B Aug, 11, 1862. George Leifer, enl. March 29, 1804; trans, to Co, E, Seventh Regiment. Louis Linz, enl. May 3, 1864; trans, to Co. F, Seventh Regiment. Jacob Long, eul. March 11, 1804; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Regiment. James Longshore, enl, Aug. 14, 1801 ; trans, to Co, G Aug. 11, 1862. Thomas C. Lovett, enl. Aug. 28, 1862; trans, to Co. G, First Cavalry, March 25, 1803. Abr. N. Lunger, enl. March 9, 1804 ; trans, to Co, E, Seventh Regiment, aiaries Lupardus, enl. Sept. 2a, 1802; trans, to Co. I Feb. 11, 1864. Daniel Luther, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; trans, to Co. G Aug. 11, 1862. Henry Luther, enl. Aug. 28, 1862 ; disch. for disability Feb. 11, 1864. William Lepp, enl. Dec, 1, 1862 ; not must, out with company. Frank Limps, enl. March 10, 1864 ; not must, out with company. Audrew Lynch, enl. Sept. 30, 1862; not must, out with company. George W. McPeck, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; disch. for disability June 2, 1862. William D. Moore, enl. Aug, 14, 1861 ; disch, for disability July 30, 1862. Charies C. Morgan, enl. Oct. 31, 1802; disch. Nov. 6, 1802, to join regular army. James Mullan, enl. Sept. 15, 1862; disch. Sept. 17, 1862; rejected by medical boai-d. John N. Maines, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1862. Thos. Mansfield, enl, March 7, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Geo. W. Martin, enl, Aug, 29, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Patrick Martin, enl. March 30, 1864; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Regiment. Dominick Mayenflsh, enl. March 31,1864; trans, to Co. G, Seventh Regt. John McCafTerty, enl. Ang. 29, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I Feb. 11, 1864. James McCarty, enl. March 19, 1864 ; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Regiment. Thomas McGeaving, enl. March .23, 1864; trans to Co. E, Seventh Regt. Peter McKenna, enl. Feb. 26, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, Seventh Regiment. David McPeak, enl. Feb. 23, 1804; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. John McCann, enl. Sept. 3, 1802. Philip McCann, enl. April 27, 1804. James McCoy, enl. March 22, 1864. James McKale, enl. Sept. 19, 1862. Edward McKan, enl. Oct. 14, 1862. 130 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. George McMichael, eul. Dec. 23, 1802. Dauiel McCarthy, enl. March 25, 1864 ; missing in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864 ; supposed dead. John McCarthy, enl. March 15, 1864 ; missing in battle of Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; supposed dead. Adam Mann, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; died of wounds June 3, 1862. James McKanna, enl. Dec. 26, 1862; died of wounds May 15, 1863. James Murry, enl. March 19, 1864 ; missing in action May 6, 1864; sup- posed dead. Angel Moran, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. John Murphy, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. William Murphy, pnl. Sept. 8, 1862. Samuel Meara, enl. Aug. 28, 1802; trans, to Co. G, Seventh Regiment. James H. Melick, enl. .\uk. 14, 1861; trans, to Co. F Aug. 11, 1862. John Mettler, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1862. Eben A. Miller, enl. April 4, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. George H. Miller, enl. Feb. 25. 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. John Miller, enl. Sept. 22, 1862 ; ti-ans. to Veteran Reserve Corps ; disch. July 26, 1866. Louis Miller, enl. Feb. 20, 1804; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Regiment. Joseph Minsterman, enl. March 29, 1804 ; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Eegt. James Montgomery, enl. Sept. 17, 1 862 ; trans, to Co. I Feb. 11, 1864. Anthony Moreen, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. 8 Aug. 11,1862. Alexander B. Muckey, enl. Feb. 27, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regt. Jefferson L. Muaselman, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G Aug. 1 1, 1862. Siimuel Mustard, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. U, 1862. John Myers, enl. Aug. 14, 1801 ; trans, to Co. F Aug. 11. 1862. Jolin Neal, enl. March 11, 1804; trans, to Co. G, Seventh Regiment.' Charles O'Malley, enl. Oct. II, 1862; disch. Kov. 5, 1862, to join regular army. Jcineph O'Neil, enl. Sept. 6, 1862; trans, to Co. I Feb. 11, 1864. Howard O'Daniel, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1862. Willijm O'Daniel. enl. Aug. 14, 1801 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. Osnian Opdycke, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1862. Abraham A. Peters, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 : disch. for disab. Nov. 30, 1861. Abram Peteraon, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; disch. for disability Nov. 30, 1861. WilliHm Phelan (or Freeland), enl. Oct. 7, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 5, 1862, to join regular army. Melvin B. Parse, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H Aug. 1], 1862. Matthew J. A. Penn, enl. Sept. 2, 1802 ; trans, to Co. I Feb. 11, 1864. Jesse Pettit, enl. Oct. 7, 1862; trans, to Co. F Feb. 11, 1804. Stacy Pidcock, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1862. Lewis Ploeger, enl. Feb. 26, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. William P. Price, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1862. John Pitt, enl. Aug. 29, 1862; not must, out with company. James Pollard, enl. April 5, 1804. William H. Ramsey, enl. April 20, 1804; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regt. Frederick Rigler, enl. Aug. 30, 1804; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. John Robbins, enl. Aug. 14, 1801 ; trans, to Co. D Ang. 11, 1802. Hiram E. Rooks, enl. Aug. 14, 1801; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1862. Joseph Boach, enl. Feb. 27, 1864; died of wounds June 25, 1804. Andrew Robbins, enl. Oct. 0, 1802; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Patrick Rogan (1), enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; not must, out with company. Patrick Rogan (2), enl. Aug. 14, 1861; died at Washington July 7, 1862. Chas. Ryan, enl. March 22, 1864 ; missing at Wilderness ; supposed dead. Patrick Ryan, enl. Oct. 4, 1802 ; died July 8, 1863, of wounds received at Gettysburg. Robert T. Riley, enl. Oct. 17, 1802 ; not must, out with company. Jacob Skillman, enl. Dec. 12, 1862 ; not must, out with company. Henry Springer, enl. Sept. 9, 1802 ; not must, out with company. John Smith, enl. Nov. 12, 1802; died of pneumonia Nov. 18, 1863 ; buried at Richmond, Va. Charles Smith, enl. Aug. 14, 1801; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1862. Francis E. Smith, enl. April 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Sevejith Regiment. William H. Smith, enl. Aug. 14, 1801 ; trans, to Co. H Aug. 11, 1802. Asber Smith, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; disch. for disability April 20, 1802. Hugh Scullin, eul. Sept. 12, 1802; disch. for disability July 21, 1863. Johu Savage, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1852. Henry Schweis, enl. Sept. 22,1862; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps; disch. Aug. 19, 186S. David Schomp, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Aug. II, 1802. Jacob F. Seals, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G Aug. 11, 1802. James A. Servia, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Aug. 11, 1862. Jonathan Servis, enl. Aug. 14, 1801 ; trans, to Co. I Aug. 11, 1802. Winthrop H. Shattuck, enl. Nov. 14, 1802; trans, to Marine Battalion Nov. 24, 1802. Hiram Sibbett, enl. Aug. 14, 1861; trans, to Co. I Aug. 11, 1862. Jonathan Sibbett, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Aug. 11, 1862. Richard Sibbett, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Aug. 11, 1862. Augustus F. S. Singleton, enl. Nov, 6, 1862; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps ; disch. Jan. 8, 1806. George W. Sisco, enl. April 5, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Elnathan Stevenson, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Go. I Aug. 11, 1862. Morgan Stevenson, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Aug. 11, 1862. John C. Stryker, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Aug. 11, 1862. Peter Sutphin, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Aug. 11, 1802. Job Swaim, enl. April 4, 1864; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Joseph V. Snook, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; killed at Williamsburg, Va., May 6, 1862. Fritz Sponholz, enl. Aug. 28, 1862; died of wounds June 3, 1863. John M. Swable. enl. March 5, 1804; taken prisoner at Wilderness ; died of starvation and cruelty at Andersonville July 15, 1864. John Thompson, enl Dec. 20, 1802. Michael Tigh, enl. Sept. 9, 1802 ; killed at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863. Thomas Teriell, enl. Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Go. F Feb. 11, 1864. George W. Trauger, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B Aug. 11, 1862. Israel Trauger, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Aug. 11, 1862. Samuel Trauger, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Co. F Aug. 11, 1862. Charles P. Turner, enl. Feb. 10, 1804; trans, to Co. G, Seventh Regiment. Patrick Tynan, enl. Sept. 10, 1802 ; trans, to Co. F Feb. 11, 1804. Robert Upton, enl. March 29, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regiment. Ferdinand Van Fleet, enl. Aug. 14, 1801 ; trans, to Co. G Aug. 11, 1862. John Vaughn, enl. Sept. 2, 1802 ; trans, to Co. B, Fourth Regiment, Feb. 4, 1863. John Walton, enl. Feb. 22, 1864; trans, to Co. B, Fifth Regiment. Theodore ]Varner, enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; trans, to Co. F Feb. 11, 1864. William Waters, enl. Aug. 14, 1801'; trans, to Co. D'Aug. 11, 1862. John H. Whitehead, enl. Feb. 18, 1804 ; trans, to Co. B, Seventh Regi- ment. Jacob E. Wortman, enl. March 10, 1804 ; trans, to Co. E, Seventh Regi- ment. Charles W. Watts, enl. Aug. 28, 1862 ; disch. for disability Oct. 6, 1863. John Williams, enl. Nov. 19, 1802 ; disch. for disability June 24, 1863.. Emanuel Woolverton, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; disch. for disability May '28, 1802. William Ware, enl. March 4, 1804 ; died at Newark, N. J., Nov. 3, 1864. Samuel K. White, enl. Aug. 14, 1861 ; died at Washington, D. 0., May 22, 1302. George F. Williams, enl. Aug. 14, 1801 ; died at Meridian Hill, Va.,Nov. 19, 1801. Henry Wagner, enl. Dec. 24, 1802. John Wagner, enl. March 5, 1864. William Ward, enl. Dec 16, 1862; not mustered out with company. Anton Wiger, enl. March 30, 1864. Charles Williams, enl. March 18, 1864. William W. Wright, enl. Sept. 3, 1802. James Young, enl. Sept. 2, 1802. Ellas Yauger, enl. March 4, 1804 ; trani. to Co. E.Seventh Reglipent John W. Ziuk, enl. Sept. 24, 1802. COMPANY H,* SIXTH REGIMENT. James Bird, captain ; com. Sept. 9, 1861 ; resigned for disability Dec. 27, 1802. Theodore F. Field, capt. ; com. June 9, 1803 ; pro. from first lieutenant. Samuel G. Stockton, iirst lieutenant; com. Sept. 9, 1801; resigned Feb. 12, 1862. Samuel S. Marseilles, first lieutenant, com. Feb. 26, 1862 ; first sergeant, Aug. 26, 1801 ; second lieutenant, Jan. 16, 1862 ; resigned for disa- bility July 28, 1802. Cliarles Merriam, first lieutenant ;■ com. Oct. 24, 1862 ; pro. from sergeant- major to second lieutenant Feb. 26, 1862; resigned on account of wounds Jan. 11, 1863. William G. Thompson, first lieutenant; com. May 3, 1863; pro. from second lieutenant. Jonas F. Hull, second lieut. ; com. Sept. 9, 1861 ; resigned Jan. 8, 1862. Wilson R. Marseilles, first sergeant; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; pro. from cor- poral to sergeant ; to first sergeant. Daniel K. Hinsou, first sergeant; enl. Aug. 9, 1801 ; pro. to second lieu- tenant Co. B July 22, 1862. * Surviving members of this company who did not re-enlist were mus- tered out Sept. 7, 1864. FIFTH AND SIXTH INFANTRY EEGIMENTS. 131 Edward "W. Forker, aergeant ; enl. Aug, 9, 1861 ; pro. from corporal ; must, out Sept. 7, 1804. George "W. P. Fisher, sergeant; enl. Aug. 9, 1861; pro. from corporal; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. Alfred H. Stockton, sergeant; enl. Aug. 9, 1861; discli. for disability Oct. 26, 1861. Theodore Abbott, sergeant; enl. Aug. 9, 1861; disch. for disability Dec. 16, 1862. Lewis T. Brant, sergeant ; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E, Eighth Begiment ; re-enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Stephen Hull, corporal; enl. Aug. 9, 1861; must, out Sept. 18, 1864. Simon Snyder, corporal ; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. William S. Landis, corporal ; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Dec. 13. 1861. George H. Pitman, corporal ; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. paroled prisoner May 22, 1862. Henry Day, Corp. ; enL Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Sept. 16, 1862. Joseph West, corp. ; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Sept. 26, 1862. Benjamin Abbott, corporal ; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability June 1, 186.'i. Kelson Christiansen, corporal; enl. Aug. 9, 1861; disch. for disability Feb. 28, 1863. €hr. F, Stevenson, corporal; enl. Nov. 21, 1861; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment. Augustus Trimmer, corporal ; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment; re-enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Anderson W. Pidcock, corporal; enl, Aug. 9, 1861 ; killed in Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Jolm Ely, corpoml ; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; killed at Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862. Joseph D. Rogers, musician; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; drum-major Sept. 1, 1861; must, out Sept. 17, 1864. Nathaniel B. Parent, musician; enl. Aug. 9, 1861; pro. to drum-m^or June 18, 1862. David S. Bender, musician ; enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; missing Dec. 23, 1862. Privates. Ferdinand H. Akers, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. C. V. Anderson, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. James Agin, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 ; disch. fur disability Jan. 24, 1863. Farley F. Akers, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Sept. 3, 1862. Kiser Ambrose, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Regiment; re- enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Neil F. Arentzen, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment; re-enl. Dec. 27, 1863. Joseph Ambruster, enl. Aug. 18, 1863 ; not must, out with company. Bartholomew Anearane, enl. June 2, 1864 ; not must, out with company. Jacob Bergen, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; disch. for disability Dec. 9, 1861. Jacob W. Bishop, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability June 2, 1862. Augustus Bodine, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Oct. 18, 1862. John F. Bodine, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Oct. 18, 1862. Martin Byrne, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; disch. for disability Oct. 26, 1861. William Bragg, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment; re-enl. Deo. 27, 1863. John Bartley, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; died of fever Feb. 23, 1862.. Theodore Brewer, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; killed in Wilderness May 6, 1864. John Banco, enl. June 2, 1864. Joseph Berean, enl. June 1, 1864. Elijah Q. Burroughs, enl. Aug. 9, 1861. Michael Byrne, enL May 31, 1864. Aaron C. Cornell, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1804. Patrick Callan, enl. Aug. 9, 1801 ; disch. for disability, June 4, 1863. Thomas ConnofiT, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Oct. 11, 1862. Richard Cummings, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; disch. as paroled prisoner May 22, 1862. George W. Case, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment; re-enL Feb. 22, 1864. George F. ChideHter, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begi- ment ; re-enl. Nov. 29, 1863. John Clary, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment; re- enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Joseph S. Cohine, enl. Oct. 19,1861; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment. Charles Cleveland, eul. May 20, 1864. William Daymond, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; must, out May 15, 186.5. Paul C. Dilts, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. Thomas Dcmpsey, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability March 16, 1863. Henry Devert, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Sept. 12, 1862. Jacob Davis, enl. June 2, 1864. Charles Dumont, enl. June 1 , 1864. Thomaa Flalievty, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; served as corporal, sergeant, and first sergeant from Aug. 2B, 1861, to March 1, 1863 ; subsequently as private ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. Cornelius Farley, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Sept. 21, 1864. Augustus Fisher, (1), enl. Oct. 8, 1861 ; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Augustus Fisher, (2), enl. Oct. 7, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., and died May 24, 1863. Thomas Garvey, enl. April 4, 1862; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment. James Gorden, enl. Sept. 8, 1862. Philip Graf, enl. June 1, 1864. Peter Halpin, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Oct. 20, 1862. Franklin Hand, enl. Sept. 6, 1862 ; disch. for disability May 10, 1863. Reuben V. Hewlett, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability May 20, 1862. Patrick Hurley, eul. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Dec. 21, 1863. Harm. S. Hammond, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; died of fever June 10, 1862. Charles Harden, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; died of fever July 26, 1 862. Wilson Horn, enl. Aug. 9, 1801; killed at Williamsburg May 6, 1862. William Hulmes, eul. Feb. 26, 1864. Charles Jones, enl. May 19, 1804. Amos A. Krewsin, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps ; disch. for disability Sept. 20, 1863. Henry S. Krewsin, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps ; disch. Sept. 3, 1864. Thomas Larby, enl. June 1, 1864. Eli H. Lawyer, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. to join regular army Oct. 26, 1862. Lambert S. Lisk, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; disch. for disability Feb. 10, 1863. Charles F. Moore, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; pro. to second lieutenant Co. I June 23, 1862. John Mahan, enl. Aug. 9, 1801 ; disch. for disability March 1, 1803. George W. McLoughan, enl. Aug. 9, 180 ; disch. Oct. 26, 1862, to join regular army. Thomas S. Monroe, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 20, 1862, to join regular army. Morris Majtwell, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; trans, to Veteran Beserve Corps May 1, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 26, 1804. Thomas Miller, enl. Aug. 9, 1801 ; trans, to Veteran Beserve Corps Sept. 1, 1803 ; disch. Aug. 30, 1864. Patrick Monighan, enl. Nov. 10, 1802; trans, to Co G, Eighth Regiment. Charles Moore, enl, Aug. 9, 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Regiment ; re- enl. Feb. 22, 1804. John McMnllen, enl. Sept. 28, 1861 ; died July 17, 1862. Gotlieb Miller, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; killed at Williamsburg, Va., May 6, 1862. Christian Miller, enl. June 1, 1864. Michael Murphy, enl. June 1, 1864. George W. Naylor, enl. Feb. 29, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Regiment. John W. Neice, enl. Oct. 0, 1802 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment. James O'Daniel, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 22, 1864. John O'Daniel, Sr., enl. Aug. .9, 1801; disch. for disability Oct. 17, 1862. John O'Daniel, Jr., enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; killed at Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1802. John O'Neil, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Aug. 26, 1862. James Olwell, enl. Aug. 9, 1801 ; disch. for disability Nov. 30, 1802. Stephen O'Grady, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment; re-enl. Feb. 22, 1804. John O'Brien, enl. June 1, 1864. Henry Pettit, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; not must, out with company. John R. Pitman, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; disch. to join regular army Oct. 26, 1862. Lewis C. PuUen, enl. Aug. 9, 1801 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment; re-enl. Dec. 23,1803. Jeremiah Eeed, enl. Feb. 10, 1804 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment. Thomas Robinson, enl. May 2:J, 1864. Isaac W. Bounsaville, enl. Aug. 9, 1801 ; died of fever at Torktown, Va., May 11, 1862. Henry T. Bowland, enl. Nov. 14, 1861 ; discharged for disability April 19, 1803. Charles Service, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. James Sharp, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. John Stingle, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. John Sharp, enl. May 19, 186^ ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Begiment, John Shafer, enl. May 19, 1804, John Shean, enl. May 18, 1864, James Smith, enl. May 20, 1864. John Smith, enl. May 24, 1864, 132 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. Charles Snowilen, eiil. May 18, 1804. Michael Spellman, eel. Oct 18, 1861. John Sweeny, enl. May 20, 1804. Samuel Tomlinson, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disaUlity Oct. 17, 1862. George W. Taylor, enl. Aug. 9, 1601 ; died of fever March S, 1862. William H. Tracy, enl. Aug. 9, 1801; killed at Petersburg, Va., June IT, 1S64. Obediah Wiley, enl. Aug. 9, 1801 ; trans, to Co. G, Eighth Regiment; re- enl. Dec. 27,1863. Ephraim Walker, enl. Aug. 9, 1801 ; died of fever March 1, 1862. Peter Wean, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; died of wounds, Gettysburg, July 11, 1863. George Walker, enl. May 23, 1864. Charles White, enl. May 18, 1864. Charles Williams, enl. May 18, 1864. Oliver G. Woodward, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. Michael Wright, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; disch. May 3, ISOo. James Wrisband, enl. Aug. 9, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864. William A. Yard, enl. Aug. 9, 1861; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps Sept. 1, 1863; disch. Aug. 29, 1864. CHAPTER XIII. FIFTEEBTTH IlfFANTET BEGIMEH"T. Three Companies from Hunterdon and Somerset— Leave for Washington —Construct "Fort Kearney"— The Tifteenth at Fredericksburg— Michael Mulvey, Co. G, the first Man killed— Battle of ChaDcellorsTille —The " Wilderness"— Capt. Vanderveer and Lieut. Hamilton wounded —Roster of Casualties in the vicinity of Spottsylvania Court-house— In the Charge at Cold Harbor— With Sheridan's Army in the Shenau- doah Valley— Fisher's Ilill and Cedar Creek engagements— Maj. Boe- man killed— List of Battles of the Fifteenth— Rosters of OfBcers and Enlisted Men of the Companies from these Counties. Isr the composition of the Fifteenth Infantry Regi- ment of New Jersey, two of its companies (A and G) were made up of men from Hunterdon County, and one (E) from Somerset.* The regiment was organized at Flemington during the months of July and August, 1862. It was mustered into the service on the 25th of August, under command of Col. Samuel Fowler. The other regimental oflacers were: Lieutenant-col- onel, Edward L. Campbell ;t major, James M. Brown ; adjutant, William P. Seymour ; quartermaster, Lowe Emerson; surgeon, Eedford Sharp ; assistant surgeons, George R. Sullivan and George Trumpore. The com- missioned officers of the Hunterdon and Somerset com- panies were: A company: Captain, Lambert Boeman; first lieutenant, Thomas P. Stout; second lieutenant, John R. Emery. E company: Captain, John K. Vanderveer; first lieutenant, Stephen H. Bogardus; second lieutenant, Ellis Hamilton. G company : Cap- tain, William H. Slater ; first lieutenant, Henry Suy- dam Crater; second lieutenant, John D. Trimmer. On the 27th of August the regiment, then number- ing nine hundred and twenty-five men and oflicers, left the State for Washington, and on its arrival at the capital marched thence to Tenallytown, Md., where it was at once placed on fatigue duty in the * Of the other companies, three were from Sussex, two from Warren, and two from Morris County. t Lieut.-Col. Campbell, who was already in the field with Ihe Army of the Potomac, did not join the Fifteenth until the Ist of October, when the regiment was on its march to join the Sixth Corps in Maryland. building of roads and the erection of defenses ; among which latter was the construction of the formidable work named " Fort Kearney," in honor of that brave and dashing New Jersey general who gave his life on the field of Chantillj^ at almost the precise time when the men of the Fifteenth commenced their work on the fortification. The regiment moved from Tenallytown on the 80th of September, and, proceeding to Frederick, Md., marched thence, by way of the Antietam battle-field, to Bakersville, where it was incorporated with the i First (New Jersey) Brigade of the First Division, Sixth Army Corps. It remained here about a month, engaged in drill and camp duty, and on the 31st of October moved forward with the other commands of the Army of the Potomac,! and, crossing the river into Virginia, marched, by way of Warrenton (where a halt of several days was made), to Stafford Court-house, and thence, after another considerable delay, to Staf- ford Heights, where it arrived on the morning of the 11th of December, and where the men of the Fifteenth had their first view of the scenes of actual battle, — the bombardment of Fredericksburg by Gen. Burnside's batteries, posted on the left bank of the Rappahan- nock. In the evening of that day the army was massed on the plain north of the river preparatory to the grand crossing of the stream. The pontoons were placed in position, and at daylight on the following morning the Fifteenth, with the other regiments of the Jersey brigade, crossed at " Franklin's Crossing" to the soutli shore, and moved quickly through a dense fog up the acclivity to the edge of the plateau which extends to the foot of Marye's Heights, which were then brist- ling with the enemy's batteries and the bayonets of his heavily-massed infantry. At about two o'clock in the afternoon the brigade again moved swiftly for- ward in line of battle, and under a vigorous fire from the Confederate artillery on the Heights. The range of the rebel artillerists, however, was imperfect, and the brigade advanced without serious casualties to Deep Run, where shelter was fotind in the ravine through which it flows. In this ravine the brigade remained during the remainder of the day and through the night. The 13th of December was the day of the great battle at Fredericksburg. Early in the morning the entire line of the Army of the Potomac advanced to assault the strong positions of the Confederates, and the battle raged with fearful energy and with little intermission until nightfall. During the greater part of that bloody day the Fifteenth was posted along the line of the railroad, keeping up a steady fire and making occasional charges, but with light loss. At about four o'clock the Jersey brigade made a more determined attempt on the position in its immediate front, but was forced back with a greater loss than it 1 The regiment was then under cmuiand of Lieut.-Col. Campbell, Col. Fowler being leit behind in hospital, sick -with typhoid fever. FIFTEENTH INFANTRY REGIMENT. 133 had before sustained, many of its men being taken prisoners, among whom were a number from the Fifteenth. This charge was the last of the regiment's fighting for the day. Its total loss at Fredericksburg was about thirty, of whom very few were killed* out- right. It could not be regarded as a heavy loss to be sustained in so fierce and protracted a conflict as that of Fredericksburg, yet to the soldiers of the Fifteenth it seemed a very serious one, because this was the first field on which they had been tried in the fire of battle. In the morning of the 14th the regiment was re- lieved at the front (and under a heavy fire) by the One Hundred and Twenty-first New York Regiment. The battle, however, was over ; the assault of those grim heights was abandoned, and the army recrossed to its old position on the north side of the Eappahan- nock. The Fifteenth Regiment went into camp at White Oak Church, where the men spent a most dreary winter, during which the typhoid fever in a malignant form appeared among them, and many died of the disease. On the opening of the spring campaign under the new commander of the army, Gen. Hooker, the Fifteenth again crossed the Rappahannock, and par- ticipated in the great battle of Chancellorsville.f The part taken by it in that battle is shown in the report of Lieut.-Col. E. L. Campbell, J as follows: "My command broke camp at Wliite Oak Church, Va., on the after- noon of Tuesday, April i8th, and "taiarched to the bank of the Rappa- hannock, near Franklin's Crossing, where it bivouacked until towards morning, when it was moved to the river, and crossed in boats just before daylight on the morning of the 29th, taking up a position on the south hank. Remained there until the morning of the 3d of May, a part of which time was employed in doing outpost duty immediately in the face of the enemy. On the morning of the 3d instant [May], I was or- dered to the fi'ont at about daybreak, and was assigned a position in sup- port of a battery on tlie extreme left which was hotly engaging the ■enemy. Remained upon this duty, taking up various positions, and part ■of the time exposed to a severe scattering Aauk lire from the enemy's line of skirmishers, until the enemy was driven from his position on tiie heights above Fredericksburg, and the line on the left was ordered to retire towards that place, when I was left in the rear as a support to our retiring skirmishers by order of tlie general commanding the division. Tverythiug was brought from the field without diiiiculty, as tlie enemy ■did not follow up. After procuring ambulances {to get wliich I was com- lielled to send to the city of Fredericksburg) and moving the wounded left upon the field during the rapid movement, I proceeded upon the line of march of the corps. Arriviug some distance out of the city, on the plank road, I learned that the enemy was making a stout resistance * "Michel Mulvey, Company G, was the first man of the regiment killed. At the time, shots were being exchanged with the reijel pickets. He was cautioned not to expose himself, but exclaimed, ' Hush ! don't tell a Jersey boy to keep back when the enemy is in sight.' He had fixed his attention on a rebel sharpshooter who fired from behind a tree. When, at length, the rebel exposed himself in firing, he took aim and fired. Tlie rebel was seen to tumble over, evidently killed. At the same moment Michel fell back dead, shot through tiie brain. As tlie regiment was relieved on Sabbath morning, a plunging bullet-shot passed through the knapsack and body of Alexander S. Sergeant, Com- pany F, killing him. Ezekiel C. Quick, Cumpuny G, was shot through the lungs, and lived several days, expressing his entire willingness to Bufi'er for his country, and his strong faith in tlie Saviour."— A'o(fi« bjj AlaiiHon A. Haines, Ghnplain of tlte FlfUeidh Regiment. f Othei'wise known as tlie battle of Salem Heights. X Col. William H. Penrose, a lieutenant in tlie Tliird Regular Infantry, was made colonel of the Fifteenth in the latter part of April, 18U3, in front, and that the First Brigade was about to engage him. March- ing as rapidly as practicable, I arrived at the front at about five o'clock P.M., and without halting was immediately ordered by the general o.m- niandiug the corps to engage the enemy on the right of the road, in a thick wood in which the enemy had taken a position and effectually i e- sisted any attempt to dislodge him. My command advanced about one hundred yards, through a dense and in places impassable undergrowtli, to within about tliirty yards of the enemy's position, where it engaged at least four of his regiments, with, as I am convinced, a terrible effect, but without driving him from his well-chosen position. Just at dai-k, my ammunition being entirely exhausted and the enemy's fire destruc- tive, I retired in good order, the enemy showing no disposition to follow. I have the satisfaction of saying for my command that not a man left the line of battle except the wounded, and when the rolls were called, immediately upon arriving in the open field, every man was present or properly accounted for except those who were killed, wounded, or miss- ing in action, the latter being but five, and all probably killed or wounded. My wounded were all brought off during or after the action, except pos- sibly the five mentioned above, not found on account of the dense under- growth of bushes. " On Sunday night (May 3d) my command bivouacked upon the battle- ■ field. During the engagement of Monday I was assigned to various positions, a part of the time in support of batteries ; when at night the artillery was ordered towards the river, I was ordered to follow it. Re- crossed the river just before daylight in the morning, and went into camp on the north bank. On Friday, the 8th instant, marched to my present place of encampment." After Chancellorsville a few weeks of quiet ensued, and then it was ascertained that the Confederate com- mander was moving his army down the Virginia val- ley with the evident intention of invading the States north of the Potomac. Upon this, the army of Gen, Hooker was put in motion, and the Fifteenth Regi- ment with its brigade, as a part of the Sixth Corps, moved rapidly northward, by way of Fairfax, to Edwards' Ferry, where it crossed the Potomac into Maryland, and, thence pressing onward by forced marches, came, in the afternoon of July 2d, to the field of Gettysburg, where the great battle had already commenced. At about half an hour before sunset the brigade was moved to the front to hold a position from which Sickles' corps had been compelled to re- tire. But no further assault was made that evening, and the men slept on their arms in the advanced position. Through all the carnage of the following day, including the tremendous charge made by the Confederate infantry under Pickett, the Fifteenth with its brigade stood constantly in line ready for work, but was not ordered in. " The Fifteenth," wrote a member of the regiment, " witnessed all from their position, but, though ready for duty, were not sum- moned to actual fighting." Hostilities were suspended during the following day, July 4th, and before the sun rose on the 5th the Confederate legions were in full retreat towards the Potomac. The Jersey brigade took part in the pur- suit and in minor engagements at Fairfield, Pa., and Funktown, Md., and crossed the river into Virginia? with the main body of the army. During the re- mainder of the year it participated in the various movements of the Sixth Corps, and in December, 1863, went into winter quarters about two miles from Brandy Station, Va. i July lOth. 134 HUNTERDON AND SOMEKSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. In the spring of 1864 was opened the bloody cam- paign of "the Wilderness/' under the immediate supervision of Lieut.-Gen. Grant. In this campaign the Fifteenth saw its most desperate fighting and sus- tained the severest losses experienced during its term of service. On the 4th of May, at daylight, the regi- ment with its brigade moved out from its winter camp, and marched, by way of Brandy Station and Stevensburg, to Germania Ford, where it crossed the Rapidan, and soon entered that desolate region of stunted woods and copses known as the Wilderness. In the afternoon of the 5th it came up to the position where Warren was already fighting with the Confed- erate corps of Ewell, and later in the day it became slightly engaged, suffering some losses, among which was that of Capt. John H. Vanderveer, of E com- pany, who there received the severe wounds which soon after compelled his resignation. In the opening of the fight on the following day Lieut. Ellis Ham- ilton, of the same company, was desperately wounded in both thighs. During the latter part of this day the regiment was not heavily engaged. On the 7th the regiment did some fighting and lost slightly.* " On the 8th, about noon, at the head of the corps, it reached the front at Spottsylvania CJourt-house, after a long niglit-march by a circuitous route, Warren, whose corps (the Fifth) had moved by a more direct route and reached the position first, had met with a check. He sent to Sedgwick — the graud old leader of the Sixth — for aid, and the Jersey brigade was sent to his assistauce. After some manoeuvring, the Fif- teenth, with the Third (then little more than a detachment and used as a Bkirmish-Iiae), was selected to make an assault on the enemy and de- velop his position and strength. No charge was ever more gallantly de- livered. With two armies looking on, it advanced across an open field ; when within about three hundred yards of the front of the wood in which the enemy was posted, it fixed bayonets, and with a line of glitter- ing steel as steady as on dress-parade dashed up to the rebel position to find, them strongly intrenched and in full force. As far as rifle-shot could reach, upon each flank they opened upon the devoted little band. Notwithstanding the deadly fire, it drove the enemy out of the work in its front, captured two prisoners, and, to save annihilation, was ordered by its commander to retire. One hundred and one of its brave officers and men were left upon tlie field, killed or wounded. It may be doubted if a more perilous 'forlorn hope' was ever mure daringly executed. "The Sixth Corps took position on the left of the line as it was formed, its lamented commander falling on the same spot at which one of the color-bearers of the Fifteenth had but just fallen ; and on the afternoon of the 9th the regiment was detached, with the Fiist, to turn the right flank of the enemy and gain possession of a cross-roads. Alter wading a deep swamp, and having a sharp brush with the rebel skirmishers, tlie cross-roads was under their guns and they were separated some distance from the main army. The next morning, being ordered to develop the flank of the enemy's main line, the two regiments advanced, drove the- rebel skirmish-line before them for about a mile, aud finally struck the right of the rebel line, strongly intrenched on the top nf a high hill. This was the position afterwards known as ' the bloody angle.' The two regiments attacked vigorously, but were forced back by a heavy mus- ketry- and artillery- fire. Two more regiments were sent to their assist- ance, and again they attacked, but with no better success, and they were * " It was two o'clock in the morning of May 7th when the regiment came into the new line. It had stood its ground when others fled, and panic prevailed on either side, and now, determined tn hold its position, began intrenching at daylight. By ten o'clock a.m. the works were very strong, and, though the enemy felt tho line in front, and drove in a part of the skirmish -line, by which three men were wounded and John Brogan, Company A, killed, no real advantage was guiiied. At dark the regiment marched by the .Fredericksburg road to Chancellorsville, and thence to the point where Grant waa now concentrating.*'— i-'ojiier's New Jersey and Ike RebeVion. compelled to he content with holding the position they had gained in an unequal contest. The characteristic orders under which they were act- ing, issued by an able general officer, afterwards killed and sadly missed^ were *Fi"'ht! Fight! ^ it, fight I' Two days later this was found to be the strongest field-work ever attacked by the army. "On the afternoon of the same day (the 10th) a series of assaults was organized along the different corps lines. The Second Division of the Second Corps, which had come up by the cross-roads taken as above re- lated, was to make the charge on the extreme ^left, and the two detached regiments reported to and participated in the charge with it. Only one of these assaults was successful (that of the Sixth Corps), and the line of works and many of the prisoners captured by it had to be abandoned, owing to the failure of the attacks to the right and left. That on tlie left beingunsuccessful, and the troops retiring from the hill, left the twi> detached regiments again alone to hold the ground which had cost them a severe struggle. This they did until relieved, after dark, when, re- joining their brigade, they left the positinu to the Second Corps, all of which was concentrated there on the night of the 11th. " On the 12th came one of the most stubbornly-contested struggles of the war. It was for the possession of ' the bloody angle' which the Fif- teenth and First had repeatedly attacked two days previously. The first charge was made by the Second Corps early in the morning, took the rebels by surprise, carried a part of the line of works, captured several thousand prisoners and a large number of guns. The Sixth Corps was moved to the position as soon as practicable, to complete the victory, the enemy having recovered from the shock and concentrated his fnrces. The First Division was ordered to attack first, to the right of the Second Corps, in echelon of brigades, the First Brigade on the right, and the Fifteenth Kegiment on the extreme right of the front line. It wiid placed in position in a wood of low pines, by a superior officer, in a drizzling rain. At the order to charge it dashed gallantly forward with bayonets fixed, and trailed to escape the low branches, into the narrow strip of open ground upon the opposite margin of which was the rebi*l intrenched line, covered with an abattis of slashed brush. Its line being very oblique to that of the enemy, it was compelled to execute a half- wheel under a most murderous fire. Again it dashed forward, carried the work at the point of the bayonet (and with some actual bayonet- fighting, — a very unusual thing), captured a stand of colors and all the rebels who did not fall or inn. It was the only regiment of the Sixth Corps which got inside the enemy's fortifications that day. Its right flank, however, being entirely ' in the air,' and a solid rebel line moving towards it, subjected to the continued fire from a second rebel work In front and from the numerous traverses of the line to the°left which had not been carried, it was compelled to retire again to the wood. This desperate charge was made at fearful cost. More than half of the rank and file and seven of the most valued officers fell, killed or wounded, i n- side or near the hostile works. Out of four hundred and twenty-nine men and fourteen line-officers who crossed the Bapidan on the 4th, only one hundred and twenty-two men and four officers remained."! The losses in the Hunterdon and Somerset com- panies of the Fifteenth during eleven days succeed- ing the crossing of the Rapidan — that is, up to the close of its fighting in the vicinity of Spottsylvania Court-house — are given in the sketch of the regiment from which the above is extracted, as follows : COMPANY A. Capt. C. C. Shimer, killed ; Sergt. Paul Kuhl, killed; Sergt. Lucien A. Voorhees, killed; Lieut. George C. Justice, killed; Sergt. Willijim B.Dungan, wounded; Corp. John F. Servis, wounded ; Corp. Jona. P. Collis, killed ; Corp. Joseph Rankle, wounded; David Allgard, missing, David Anthony, killed; Jacob Apgar, killed; Jacob Bryan ;. wounded; William B. Bryan, wounded; John Butler, wounded; John Burns, wounded; John Brogan, killed; Jacob Beam, wounded and missing; Geo. S. Beaver, wounded ; Andrew Closson, missing;, Isaac Dayton, missing; Joseph Dawes, missing; Jos. Everett, killed ; John Evans, niibsing; William Gulick, wounded; George P. Hen- derson, killed ; Lewis Higgins, missing ; Wm. L. Higgins, wouniltnl ; Silas Hockenberry, killed; Lemuel Hockenbury, wounded; Muses Housel, missing; John W. Henry, wounded and missing; Her- man Helmhold, killed; Garret Hogan, missing; Henry P. Johnson,. t From a " HisturicHl Sketch of the Fifteenth lli-jiitneut New Jersey Volunteers." by a mi nil-er of the regiment. FIFTEENTH INFANTKY KEGIMENT. 135 wouDded; John Moser, wounded; Van Meter P. Hammet, wounded; Cornelius I. Nevius, killed; William N. Peer, killed; James C. Palmer, wounded ; John Eouch, wounded ; Geo. Kessler, wounded ; Bobei-t Sorter, wounded ; Joseph SuUivan, wounded ; Henry G. Smith, Killed ; Charles Scherer, killed ; Charles E. Smiley, wounded ; Theodore Stammets, wounded; John Staats, missing; AUram Trau- ger, wounded ; Peter I. Teabroeck, wounded. COMPANY E. Capt. John H. Tandei-veer, wounded; Sergt. Benj. 0. Scudder, killed; Sergt. Garret I. Schenck, wounded ; Corp. Daniel Richardson, killed; Sergt "William C. E. Gulick, killed; Abraham D. Baird, wounded; Peter S. Bennet, wounded; Nicholas Conover, killed ; Andrew Cran- ney, missing; Peter Dennis, killed; William K. Dow, wounded; Francis Hughes, wounded ; John H. Jones, wounded ; James McKen- sey, killed ; Thomas McConral, wounded ; Benjamin Moulton, wounded ; John W. Priestley, wounded ; William H. Bose, killed ; Jeremiah Slack, wounded ; George Thompson, wounded; John L. S. Van Doren, wounded. COMPANY G. Lieut Henry M. Fowler, wounded ; Sergt. Wm. E. Trimmer, killed ; Sergt. Jacob J. Lair, wounded ; Sergt. Wm. M. Thompson, killed ; Sergt. Jacob F. Thatcher, wounded ; Corp. John Bocock, wounded; Corp. John Garren, missing ; William Ashcroft, wounded; Nathan Culver, wounded ; George Haney, missing ; Cornelius King, missing ; Simeon G. Peddrick, missing; John Eeisinger, wounded; John M. Smith, killed ; Levi Stull, killed ; William H. Wyckoff, wounded ; George D. Wagoner, wounded ; James C. Myers, wounded. Moving southward from Spottsylvania, in the flank movement to Petersburg, the regiment again became engaged at the North and South Anna Rivers, at Hanover Court-house, at Tolopotomy, and at Cold Harbor ; on which last-named field, in a charge made on the 1st of June by the Sixth Corps, the Fifteenth sustained a loss of twenty-five. " In the charge," says Foster, " the Fifteenth and Tenth Regiments reached a position on a hillock, which they held when the line was broken on either side of them, and which they began to intrench upon at sundown. On this little hillock they remained for the greater part of the next ten days, and from it many never came alive. The firing from the enemy was almost constant, and when- ever a man raised his head above the surface he was almost certain to be struck. The men, in fact, were obliged to burrow in the ground, and communication was kept up with the rear through a long ditch, dug to hide those passing from the sight of the enemy. The dust, the great heat, the confined space, and the dead bodies buried just under the surface, soon ren- dered the place most oflensive. Day after day passed, line after line of works were constructed, the number of dead and wounded increased, but still the regiment was not taken from this horrible place, till, on the night of the 12th, it marched for the James River." Crossing that stream, it reached the exterior defenses of Petersburg on the 19th of June, and remained on that line until the 9th of July, when it was embarked on steamers and sailed for Washington, and moved thence to join Sheridan's army in the Shenandoah valley. In the campaign which succeeded the arrival of the Fifteenth in the valley the regiment took conspicuous part and fully sustained its reputation. It fought at Strasburg on the 15th of August and at Winchester on the 17th, losing seventy men in the two engage- ments. Again, at Opequan, near Winchester, on th^ 19th of September, it sufiered a loss of about fifty men killed and wounded. On the 21st it was en- gaged in heavy skirmishing, and lost seventeen in killed and wounded. It displayed great gallantry at the battle of Fisher's Hill, Va., on the 22d, and took ■part in the pursuit of the flying enemy to Staunton. On the 19th of October, at Cedar Creek, — the famous battle-fleld to which Sheridan rode on hia black charger " from Winchester, twenty miles away," — afteu parts of the Eighth and Nineteenth Corps had been surprised and routed, " the Sixth Corps moved rapidly by a flank across the track of their advance,, and the Jersey brigade occupied the most advanced and difficult position, holding it firmly under severe fire. Once it was ordered back to the general align- ment, but, its former place being considered a key po- sition, it was ordered to retake it, which it did, and held it tenaciously and successfully until again ordered to retire, with the whole corps, to the new line selected for strategic reasons (the first having been assumed in the haste and confusion of the morning)." In this, action the color-guard were all killed except three, the commanding oflScer, Col. Campbell, was wounded,, and Maj. Lambert Boeman, of Flemington, previously of the Fifteenth, but then in command of the Tenth New Jersey, was killed. Cedar Creek was the last field on which the Fifteenth fought in the Shenandoah valley. On the 1st of De- cember it moved with the Sixth Corps to rejoin the Army of the Potomac before Petersburg, and remained there till the following spring. It was never again heavily engaged, though it took part in the final as- sault on the enemy's works on the 2d of April, 1865, sustaining trifiing loss. When the Rebellion was ended by the surrender of Lee at Appomattox the- Fifteenth was sent to Danville, Va., where it re- mained five or six weeks, and in the latter part of May was transported, by way of Washington, to- Trenton, where it was disbanded, and the surviving members returned to their homes. The official list of actions of greater or less import- ance in which the Fifteenth was engaged during the war is recorded in the office of the adjutant-general of the State as follows : Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13- and 14, 1862 ; Fredericksburg, Va., May 3, 1863 ; Sa- lem Heights, Va., May 3 and 4, 1863; Franklin's Crossing, Va., June 6 to 14, 1863 ; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3, 1863; Fairfield, Pa., July 5, 1863; Funktown, Md., July 10, 1863 ; Rappahannock Sta- tion, Va., Oct. 12, 1863; Rappahannock Station, Va., Nov. 7, 1863 ; Mine Run, Va., Nov. 30, 1863 ; Wil- derness, Va., May 5 to 7, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 to 11, 1864; Spottsylvania Court-house, Va., May 12 to 16, 1864; North and South Anna River, May 24, 1864; Hanover Court-house, Va., May 29, 1864; Tolopotomy Creek, Va., May 30 and 31, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 1 to 11, 1864 ; before Peters- 136 HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. burg, Va., June 16 to 22, 1864; Weldon Railroad, Ya., June 23, 1864 ; Snicker's Gap, Va., July 18, 1864; Strasburg, Va., Aug. 15, 1864; Winchester, Va., Aug. 17, 1864; Charlestown, Va., Aug. 21, 1864; Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, 1864 ; Fisher's Hill, Va., Sept. 21 and 22, 1864; New Market, Va., Sept. 24, 1864; Mount Jackson, Va., Sept. 25, 1864; Cedar Creek and Mid- dletown, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; Hatcher's Eun, Va.,- Feb. 5, 1865 ; Fort Steedman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; capture of Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 1865 ; Farmville, Va., April 7, 1865; Lee's surrender (Appomattox, Va.), April 9, 1865. The number of deaths which occurred in the regi- ment during its term of service was as follows : From disease, ninety-nine ; from wounds received in battle, two hundred and forty-seven ; from starvation and other causes, in rebel prisons, fifteen. Through all its war experience the Fifteenth Regi- ment always did its duty. " No regiment fought with more tenacious courage or presented a more unbroken front to the foe. Where the fire was hot- test, the charge most impetuous, the resistance most stubborn, the carnage most fearful, it was found. It was never ordered to take a position that it did not reach it; it was never required to hold a post that it did not hold it ; it never assaulted a line of the enemy that it did not drive it ; it never charged a rebel work that it did not breach it. Whatever might be the general result, the Fifteenth New Jersey Regiment always performed the part assigned it." OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT FROM HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES. COMPANY A (HUNTERDON). Lambert Boeman, captain ; com. Aug. 15, 1862; pro. to major May 24, 1863 ; killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. ComeliuB C. Shimer, captain ; com. Aug 28, 1863 ; first lieutenant Co. I Aug. 15, 1862 ; pro. to captain Co. A ; killed in action at Spottsyl- vania Court-houBe, Va., May 12, 1864; buried on battle-field. Ebenezer W. Davis, captain; com. July 3, 1864; first lieutenant Co. I Nov. 4, 1863; pro. to captain Co. A; pro. to brevet-major Oct, 19, 1864; pro. tu major Jan. 31, 1865. Henry M. Fuwler, ca4)tain ; com. Jan. 31, 1865 ; second lieutenant Co. G Jan. 19, 1863; pro. to captain Co. A, vUx Davis; must, out June 22, 1865. Tbomas P. Stout, first lieutenant; com. Aug. 15, 1862; pro. to captain Co. F April 7, 1863. Samuel R. Connett, first lieutenant ; com. April 7, 1863 ; second lieuten- ant Co. C Aug. 12, 1862; pro. to first lieutenant Co. A; resigned Jnne 20, 1863. George C. Justice, first lieutenant; com. July 27, 1863; first sergeant July 24, 1862; pro. to second lieutenant March 18, 1863; pro. to second lieutenant, vice Connett; killed at Spottsjlvania Court-house, Va., May 12, 1864; buried at National Cemetery Fredericksburg, Va. James H. Comings, first lieutenant; com. July 3, 1864; sergeant Co. I; pro. to first lieutenant, vice Justice, killed ; pro. to captain Co. C Dec. 31,1804. Horace E. Lewis, first lieutenant; com. Feb. 9, 1805; private Co. A, Second Regiment; pro. to first lieutenant, viffi3. Thomas J. Todd, corporal; enl. Sept, 3, 1862; must, out June 27, 1863. William S. Y'iiigert, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1802 ; must, out June 27, 1863. Jacob Bass, corporal; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 : died of fever March 31, 1863. Nicholas Blank, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; died of fever June 10, 1 863. Ezra S. Day, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; died of fever Feb. 18, 1863. George T. Bunn, musician ; enl. Sept, 3, 1862 ; must, out June 27, 1863. John T. Allen, musician; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; must, out June 27, 1863. Henry Dougherty, wagoner ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 27, 1863. Prii-ates.f Michael Albert, John B. Ammerman, James Anderson, Y'^illiam H. Baird (was sergeant from Sept. 3, 1862, till April 1, 1863), Frederick Baker, Edward A. Berry, Ethelbert C. Blazier, Henry C, Blazier, John B. Blazier, John H. Blazier, John P. Brown, Abraham Bush (died of fever Feb. 14, 1863), Theodore Bach (missing Dec. 1, 1862\ Jacob H. Cole, Philip Coddell, John C. Conklin, Austin W. Cross, William D. Depoe, Julius Dunnebower, John Dougherty, Peter Dougherty (died of smallpox at Washington, April 30, 1863; buried in Harmony Burial-Ground, District of Columbia), Daniel Fieller, Barney Fidleu, Edward Giddis, Hiram Giddis, Robert Gimble, John Gitus, .lolin Grierson, Valentine Goodman (disch. for disability Feb, 21, lbii3), William Hamma, John Heudersuu, John High, Ezra Hill, James P. Hines, Philip Hoffman, Philip Honeyman, Stephen Harvey (died uf fever Jan. 20, 1863 ; buried at National Cemetery, Fredericksburg, Va.), Louis Lindenberger (died of fever at Belle Plains, Ya., March 17, 1863), Peter Lockwood, William Lockwood, Jerry 0. Ludlow. Henry Luse, Morris Levi (died of fever at Bernard, Somerset Co., N. J., June 27, 1863), David Manning, Joseph Margatell, John Mc- Williams, Jolin C. Miller, William L. Mirax, Samuel Moore, Epliraim Muckle, James E. Mullen (corporal from Sept. 3, 1862, to Nov. 15, 1862), John C. Mullen (corporal from Sept. 3, 1862, to Sept. 20, 1862), Simeon Mirax (assigned to Co. I, Fifth Regiment, Sept. 12, 1863), John Noe, George Opie (died at home, Somerset County, while on furlough, Juue 27, 1863), John Overland, Robert M. Parka, Alfred Philhower, Edmund E. Pope, William Ralph, William Reynolds (corporal from Sept. 3, 1862, to April 1,1863), Nicholas W.Riel, John Scholl, Michael Sharkey, Zopher Snell, Isaac S. Stites, William H, Stites, Charles Starr, Henry Todd (died of fever in hospital at Aquia Creek, Va., Jan. 22, 1863), Levi D. Uliler, William H. Yactor, Zachariah Wilson, Isaac Wingert (died of fever at Belle Plains, Ya., March 29, 1663). t Members enli^^ted Sept 3, 1RG2. and mustered out June 27, 18G3, un- less otherwise specifically mentioned. THIRTIETH AXD THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 147 COMPANY K (SOMEKSET). Benjamin S. Totten, captain; com. Sept. 9, 1862 ; must, out June 27,1863. Tteodore Strong, Jr., first lieutenant; com. Sept 9, 1862; died Feb 24 1863. Ira C. Carman, Jr., first lieutenant ; com. March 16, 1863 ; pro. from sec- ond lieutenant; must, out June 27, 1863. John M. Case, second lieutenant ; com. March 16, 1863 ; pro. first lieu- tenant Co. B May 9, 1863. Ira F. Morgan, second lieutenant; com. May 9, 1863 j pro. from sergeants m^jor ; must, out June 27, 1863. Jos. Mathew, first sergeant ; enl. Aug, 30, 1862 ; must, out June 27, 1863. Garret Layton, sergeant ; enl. Aug. 30, 1862 ; must, out June 27. 1863. Peter H. Wakeham, sergeant; e^^ept. 1, 1862 ; must, out June 27, 1863. Tenadoie Van Cleef, sergeant ; eiS^ept. 1, 1862 ; must, out June 27* 1863, William H. Smith, sergeant ; enUSept. 1, 1862 ; must, out June 27, 1863. ■William Esler, corporal ; enl. Sept. 1, 1862 ; must, out June 27, 1863. John P. Wyckoff, corporal ; enl. Sept. 1, 1862 ; must, out June 27, 1863. Peter Sylvester, corporal ; enl. Sept. 1, 1862 ; must, out June 27, 1863. James T. Milliken, corporal ; enl. Sept. 1, 1862 ; must, out June 27, 1863. Field 6. GarretBon, corporal ; eol. Sept 1, 18G2 ; must, out June 27, 1863. Eobert S. Vandewater, corporal; enl. Aug. 30, 1862 ; must out June 27 1863. John S. Barcalow, corporal ; enl. Sept 1, 1862 ; pro. from private ; must out June 27, 1863. Frederick French, corporal; enl. Sept. 1, 1862; disch. at Philadelphia, Pa., March 27, 1863. Patrick McAleer, musician ; enl. Aug. 30, 1862 ; must out June 27, 1863. James M. Keer, wagoner ; enl. Sept 1, 1862 ; must out June 27, 1863. Privaiet,* William H. Barcalow (musician from Sept 1, 1862, till April 1, 1863), Abram J. Beekman, Daniel Blaney, Andrew Bowman, Isaac P. Brokaw, John G. Brown, Henry W. Carlisle, John S. Carman, Peter Cavaleer, Ellas Conger, Thomas Connors, Henry V. B. Cox, Henry Crozier, John T. B. Cruser (died of dysentery at Belle Plains, Ta., March 1, 1863), John Dessinger (died of fever at Philadelphia, Pa., Dec, 25, 1862), Lawrence T. S. Danberry, James Darcey, John Dow- ney, William H. Earle, Garret Eick (wagoner from Sept 1, 1862, till Dec. 2, 1862), Cornelius V. Elbertson, Michael Gallagher, Peter S. Garretson, Peter V. Garretson, Peter S, Garretson, Jr. (disch. for dis- ability March 25, 1863), James P. Grownoy, George E. Gulick (died of fever at Belle Plains, Va., March 6, 1863), Francis Hannon, Abram B. Hart (disch. by 6. C. M., Dec. 10, 1862), Patrick Hogan, Ogden Honeyman, Henry Hnlick, Charles Irwin (enl, Aug, 30, 1802; ser- geant from Aug. 30, 1862, till April 8, 1863), William H. Jackson (enl. Aug. 30, 1862), Henderson W. Knowles (enl. Aug. 30, 1862), James Litchell, William H, Litchell, James Lloyd, Charles H. Maple, John Mcdoskey, Jacob Metts, Martin Nevius, Joseph Oker- son (disch. for disability April 29, 1863), Cornelius V. Oppie, Arthur Orr, James Parker (died of fever at Aquia Creek, Va,, Dec, 28, 1862), Hewlett Perrine (not must, out with company), John Perdun (enl, Aug, 30, 1862), John D, Polhemus, George Pyott, John Pyott, Roger Eeagan, John H, Biddle, Charles Schmidt, John B, Smith, Jonathan Smith, William C, Sperling, Charles Stines (enl, Aug, 30, 1862), Richard Stevenson (enl, Aug. 30, 1862), Abram Stryker, Wil- liam C. Stryker, Charles C. Sylvester, Gilbert Sylvester, Manning Etns, Cyneas V. D. Van Cleef, John H. Van Doren, William H. Van Doren, Henry C. Van Duyn, John D. Van Duyn, John K. Van Pelt, William Van Tuyne, Abram V. D. Voorhees, Henry Welles, William Wiggins, Christopher W. Wilfcerson, Peter N. Williamson, Benney Wyckofi; Theodore Wyckofr, Peter Worts (disch. for disability at Belle Plains, Va., Feb. 21, 1863). OFFICEKS AND MEN FROM HUNTERDON COUNTY IN THE THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. COMPANY A. Samuel Carhart, captain ; com. Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Leavitt Sanderson, first lieuteDant; com. Sept. 16, 1862; must, out June 24, 1863. Andrew A. Thompson, second lieutenant; com. Sept, 16, 1862 ; must out June 24, 1863. Dennis S. Messier, first sergeant; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; must, out June 24, 1883. * All enlisted Sept 1, 1862, and mustered oat June 27, 1863, unless otherwise stated. John D. Brown, sergeant; enl. Sept.3, 1862 ; mnst. out June 24, 1803. William C. Hyler, sergeant ; enl. Sept 3, 1862 ; must out June 24, 1863. Jeremiah J. Hotf, sergeant; enl. Sept 3, 1862; must out June 24, 1863. Martin Hoffman, sergeant ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must out June 24, 1863. Jacob W. Todd, corporal ; enl. Sept 3, 1 862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. David S. Boss, corporal ; enl. Sept, 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. David Astell, corporal; eul. Sept 3, 1862 ; must, out Jane 24, 18C3. Heury M, Van Horn, corporal; enl. Sept 3, 1862; must out June 24 1863. PhiUp E. Thorp, corporal ; enl. Sept 3, 1862 ; must out June 24, 1863. John N. Clark, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must out June 24, 1863. John C. Kline, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Boss J.Hoffman, corporal; enl. Sept 3, 1862 ; disch. from hospital for disability Feb, 28, 1863, George Beavers, corporal ; enl. Sept 3, 1862 ; died of typhoid fever May 28, 1863, Albert Bolmcr, musician ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863, .lames K, K. Swick, musician ; enl. Sept 3, 1862 ; must out June 24. 18&3. John Emmons, wagoner; enl. Sept 3, 1862; mnst. out June 24, 1863. Privat£8.'f Peter K. Agens, George Anthony, Hulet Apgar, John B. Apgar, Wesley L. Apgar, George AUigar, Joseph C. Beavers, George Bolmer, John, H. Bush, John E. Burrell (died at hospital April 20, 1863; buried in National Cemetery, Fredericksburg, Va., Division B, Section B, Grave 3:J3), Aaron V. S. Crate, WilUam M. Dickerson (died of iiver in hospital May 21, 1863), Daniel Dilley (died of fever in hospital April 30, 1863), Job n Dooley, George F. Drake, Philip M. Duy, George E. Eick, Isaac Eick, Henry E. Emmons, David A. Everett, Wesley B. Fisher, John F. Gorno, Francis A Gulick (corporal Sept 3, 1862 ; private Jan. 22, 1863), George Hahn, John R. Haver, Joseph H. Ilen- dersbot, Andrew S. Henderson, Joseph B. Henderson, Conrad Her- mann (corporal Sept. 3, 1862 ; private Jan, 22, 1863), Nathan Ilil.le- brant, John D, Hill, John B, Hoagland, David T, Hoffman, ,lessft Hoffman, Lewis Hoffman, Cbaiies Husaman, Theodore Huffman (disch, for disability at Baltimore, Md,, March 11, 1863), David W. Jones, Jacob Klingle, Coi nelius C. Latie, John B, S, Lane, Henry Latourette, Charles B, Lunger, Wesley H, Lunger (died of fever in hospital at Washington, D. C, June 19,1863; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C), Andrew L. Melick (died of fever in hos- pital April 29, 1863), Simon V. Melick (died of fever in hospital June- 5, 1863), Jeremiah L. Meh'ck, Edward P. Mannon, William J. Mitch- ell, John M. Moore, Henry C. Mulliner, William H. Murphy, Fisher Pidcock (disch. for disability at hospital at Newark, N. J,, Feb, 2, 1863), William B, G. Price, Eynear V, Quick, Minna N, Eockafelluw, William S, Beed (disch, for disability at hospital at Newark, N, J,, Feb, 2, 1863), Adam Schuyler, Hummer Smith, Martin Smith, Wal- ter Smith, David Snyder, James Snyder, Samuel Snyder, George A, Stiers, Aaron P. Sutton, Paul Sutton, David B, Swick, Luke Swick, James Thurston, Nicholas B, Tiger, Gilbert L, Todd, William Todd, Samuel Trimmer, Isaac Van Fleet, Hiram Vercelius, Andrew J. Walker, Benjamin S. Wyckoff, Samuel S, Wyckoff, COMPANY D, Alexander V, Bonnell, capt, ; com. Sept 10, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863; John H. Clark, first lieutenant : com. Sept 10, 1862; disch. Dec. 26, 1SU2. John 0. Coon, first lieutenant ; com. Dec. 26, 1862 ; pro. from second lieu- tenant ; must, out June 24, 1863. Andrew T. Connett, second lieutenant ; com, Dec, 26, 1862 ; pro, from first sergeant; must, out June 24, 1863, Joseph B, Potts, first sergeant ; enl. Sept, 3, 1862 ; pro. from sergeant Jan. 1, 1863 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Peter Boss, sergeant; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; mnst out June 24, 1863. Leonard G. Bird, sergeant; enl, Sept. 3, 1862; pro. from corporal Dec, 22, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863, Joseph D. Kinney, sergeant ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; pro. from corporal Jan. 13, 1863 ; must out June 24, 1863, John H, Wilson, sergeant ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; pro. from corporal May 20, 1863 ; must out June 24, 1863. John S, Yard, corporal; enl. Sept, 3, 1862; must out June 24, 1863. Ezekiel Ewing, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Thomas McConnell, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must out June 24, 1863, Bichard Choice, corporal; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must out June 24, 1863. Lemuel Hixon, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must ou^ June 24, 1863. f Privates enlisted Sept. 3, 1862 ; all mustered in Sept 17, 1862 ; and all mustered out June 24, 1863, 148 HUNTEEDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. EenBselaer D. Runkle, corp. ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out .Tune 24, 1863. Lewis Runkle, corporal; eul. Sept. 3, 1862; must, out June 24, 1863. Beuben P. Holman, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Chas. H. McCann, musician ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863, Samuel H. Yolk, musician; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; must, out June 24, 1863. William Brown, wagoner ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; must, out June 24, 1863. Privates* Andrew J. Bellis, Stewart Bellis, William J. Blackwell, John Bosenbury, Abratam W. Boss, Robert Boyd, Thomas Brown, John Buchanan, William R. Cronce, George Dahmer, Gideon B. Davis, Samuel W. Dilts, Alonzo Dow, Francis W. Downs, Edmond B. Dungan, Corne- Jius S. Emmons, Joseph 0, Ewing, David H. Fisher, John B, Fisher, Weon Fisher, William Fleming, William Gethard, EliasW. Guhck,f Patrick Hays, John Hinckley, William H. Holman, Thomas Hop- pock, William Hoppock, William Hummer, William V. Hunter,^ Oliver H. Johnson,g Evans G. Lake, Abraham S. Larew, Isaac B. La- rew, Joseph 0. Larew, Asher Mattisnn, James McCormick, Emanuel McConuell,[| Joseph Millburn, Charles Miller, William Parker, Har- man B. Phihower, Abraham A. Polhemus, John D. Purcell, James V. D. Quick, John V. H. Quick, Eliaa M, Rake, Lewis Ramsey, Timothy Riordan, Samuel Ruuyon, John F. Schenck, Alexander Sergeant, Theodore R. Servis, Dauiel Sheridan, Francis P. Smith, Israel Smith, Joseph Smith, Mahlon Smith, Hiram Snook, William H. Snyder, Robert Spenct^r, Sidney Stout, Simpson S, Stout, Andrew Stryker, John D. Stryker, Jacob S. Sutphin, James M. Thatcher, Michael TuUey, George Van Houten, John S. Van Houten, John Van Sickle, Aaron L. Van Sickle,l[ Cornelius Waldron, William T. Waldron, William Wambaugh, Frederick Wenzel, Charles Wyckoff, Jiicob F. Toung. COMPANY E.** M'oodbury D. Holt, captain ; com. Sept. 10, 1862. William L. Rodenbaugh, first lieutenant; com. Sept. 10, 1862. Johu Alpaugh, second lieutenant; com. Sept. 10, 1862 ; res. Feb. 2, 1863. John Robbins, second lieutenant ; com. Feb. 3, 1863 ; pro. from first sergt. William D. Johuson, first sergeant ; pro. from sergeant Feb. 4, 1863. Jeese Teats, sergeant; enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Stewart K. Beers, sergeant; enl. Sept. 3, 1862, Alexander Altemus, sergeant; enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Jacob R. Wert, sergeant; enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Lorenzo D. Stevenson, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Joseph C. Rea, corporal; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; pro. Feb. 7, 1863. Milton A. Gregory, corporal; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; pro. Feb. 7, 1863. William S. Naughright, corporal; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; pro. Feb. Y, 1863. Mai-tin V. B. Sine, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; pro. Feb. 7, 1863. James Conley, corporal; enl. Sept. 3. 18C2 : pro. Feb. 7, 1863. Enoch Streeter, corporal; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; pro. Feb. 7, 1863. Sylvester Groff, corporal; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; pro. Feb. 7, 1863. Thomas S. Gibbons, musician ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862. David Roper, musician ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862. David Hulsizer, wagoner; enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Pi-ivates.ff John L. AUigar, William E. Alpaugh, Hei-man Altemus, Charles Alte- mus (died of fever at Washington, D. C, Nov. 13, 1862), Thomas Barraaa, Andrew Bartels, Stephen H, Beers, Joseph B. Bird, William T. Bird, Henry Blackburn, Aaron Bowlby, Sylvester Bowlby, Henry Bruner, Cornelias Buchanan, Ishe Butler, John Butler, Thomas Butler, William H. Ball (disch. for disability at Washington, D. C, Nov. 14, 1862), Levi Case, Peter Y. Chandler, Enoch Cramer, Lyman B. Cramer, Victor Cramer, William E. Cramer, George Creager, Henry L. Cummings, Hiram Demott, Eliphalet W. Duffert, Samuel D. Edmonds (corporal Sept. 3, 1862; private Feb. 7, 1863), Isaac S. Eldridge, Henry P. Ely (disch. for disability at Washington, D. C. Nov. 14, 1862), James A. Exton, Bennett Gano, George Graham, Wil- liam Graham, Eldridge Green, Henry A. Green, James C. Gulick, William B. Hardy, Samuel Hoppock, August Hilkerman (disch. for * All enlisted Sept. 3, 1862 ; all mustered out June 24, 1863. t Died of fever .at hospital in Washington, D. C, Dec. 26, 1862. X Discharged for disability at Washington, D. C, April 22, 1863. Discharged for disability at Washington, D. C, Jan. 23, 1863. II Died of fever at hospital in Georgetown, D. C, Dec. 13, 1862. 1[ Discharged for disability at Philadelphia, Pa., March 16, 1863. ** Mustered in Sept. 17, 1862 ; mustered out June 24, 1863. tf- All enlisted Sept. 3, 1862; all mustered out June 24, 1863. disability at Baltimore, Md., Feb. 25, 1863), John Huddleson, Robert Huddleson, Peter Hulsizer, William Hulsizer, Allen King, Aaron H. Lanniug (disch. at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 7, 1862; died Jan. 4, 1863; buried at Annapolis), Edwin G. Lewis, Elias Lewis, James M. Lewis, Charles E. Madison (corporal Sept. 3, 1862; private Feb. 7, 1863), Emanuel Manning, John Manning, Samuel Manning, Robert Mc- Cush, George A. Melick, Edward W. Merritt, Abraham Mount (cor- poral Sept. 3, 1862 ; private Feb. 7, 1863), Alexander Mulligan, Alex- ander Probasco, Aarou Rockafellow, James H. Rodeubough, John H. Schomp, Lucian C. Sheppard, William W. Smith, George Snyder, Henry Soliday, Joseph E. Starr, Theodore Stout, John Stryker, Geo. W. Sutton, Charles W. Slack (died of fever near Belle Plains, Va., Feb. 23, 1863), John W. Smith, die^of fever near Belle Plains, Va., March 23, 1863), Jacob Swarrer, Wfetson F, Swarrer (corporal Sept, 3, 1862; privates Feb. 7, 1863), William Vanse, died of fever near Belle Plains, Va., Feb. 19, 1863 ; corporal Sept. 3, 1862 ; private Feb. 7, 1863), Samuel Wagner, Richard Wilson. Thompson H. Wheat (died of dysentery at hospital in Tennallytown, D. C, Oct. 17, 1862 ; buried at Military Hospital Cemetery, D. C), Levi S. Toung. COMPANY K. Nelson Bennett, captain ; com. Sept. 10, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Edson J. Rood, first lieutenant; com. Sept. 10, 1862; must, out June 24, 1863. Martin Lunger, second lieut. ; com. Sept. 10, 1862 ; res. Dec. 27, 18C2. George Emory, second lieutenant; com. Feb. 8, 1863; pro. from first sergeant; must, out June 24, 1863. Edwin Walters, first sergeant; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; pro. from sergeant Feb. 20, 1863; must, out June 24, 1863. James McBurth, sergeant ; eul Sept, 3, 1862; must, out June 24, 1863, Geo, Henderson, sergeant; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; must, out June 24, 1863. Jethro German, sergeant ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; pro. from corporal Feb. 20, 1863 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Warren Hagerty, sergeant ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; pro. April 1, 1863 ; must. out June 24, 1863. Thomas Cole, corporal ; eul. Sept, 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863, Samuel Fritts, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. John McNear, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; must, out June 24, 1863. William Crotsley, corporal ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Horace Denike, corporal; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; must, out June 24, 1863. James Myers, coi-poral; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; pro. Feb. 20, 1863; must, out June 24, 1863. Henry R. Queen, corporal; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; pro, Feb, 20, 1863; must. out June 24, 1863. Christopher Hartman, corporal ; eul, Sept. 3, 1862 ; pro. April 1, 1863 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Samuel L. Comer, corp. ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; died of typhoid pneumonia at Belle Plains, Va., March 2, 1S63. Johnson H. Bennett, mus.; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. William Lisk, musician ; enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Abraham B. Seals, wagoner; eul. Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 24, 1863. Privates, XX Samuel S. Allen, Frederick H, Apgar, David Awble, William Bodine (disch. for disability in hospital at Washington, D, C, April 24, 1863), William Briggs, Chnatopher Bryan, John M. Bryan, Nelson Bunn, Samuel W. Burd, William B. Burk (pro. to hospital steward Sept. 18, 1862), Theodore Castuer, William H. Conover, Matthias J. Crammer, Joseph S. Daws (assigned to Co. A, Fifteenth Regiment, Jan. 14, 1864), James Elson, William Flatt, Benjamin Fritts, Conrad A. Fritts, Henry Fritts, James Gary, Charles Hahu (corporal Sept. 3, 1862 ; private Feb. 9, 1863), James Hand, Moses F, Hann, Godfrey H. Hardy, Enoch C. Hartpence, Horace G. Hildebrant, William Hen- derson, Jr., Oliver Henry, Patrick Higgins, Garret Hoffman, Jacob Hofi'mau. Peter Hoffman, James Horning (disch. for disability in hospital at Philadelphia, Pa., June 1, 1863), James Hummer, Peter P. Johnson (disch. for disability in hospital at Washington, D. C, May 18, 1863), Benliart Krouse, Jos. Leigh, Emanuel Lisk, Thomas Mahar, Stout McCastle, Henry McClary, Hugh McLaughlin, Baltes Melick, John W.Mitchell, Wm. S. Mitchell, Peter F.Moor, Nicholas Mon, Peter D. Morgan, John Nier, Garret S. Nichols, Jacob Peterson, Wm. Petty, Abra. Philhower, James S. Seals, Johu 0. Shay, Philip Smith, John Snyder, Joseph Snyder, James Stevenson, Jacob D. Stires, William Stires, John Strouble (sergeant Sept. 3, 1862 ; private XX All enlisted Sept. 3. 1862; all mustered in Sept. 17, 1862, and mus- tered out June 24, 1863, unless otherwise stated. THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, AND OTHER REGIMENTS. 149 April 1, 18G3), Hi-nry Swalbapk, Wesley Sweazy, Whitfield Strouble (died from disease at Belle plains, Va., March 19, 1863), John B. Swick, Abraham Teats, Williijqi F. Thompson, George Walters (cor- poral Sept. 3, 1862; private Feb. 20, 1863), John L. Warren, Stephen Whitbeck, Charles A. Wood, George T. Woolston (pro. to quarter- master-sergeant Sept. 18, 1862). CHAPTER XV. THIRTY-FIFTH IWFAITTKT, AND OTHER RBGIMEBTTS. Officers of the Thirty-fifth Regiment, and of Company A — Movements of the Begiment in Virginia and in the Southwest — In the Georgia Cam- paign, with Sherman — Capt. Angel killed — Battleof Decatur — In Front of Atlanta — " March to the Sea" — Close of its Campaigning, and Mus- ter-out — ^Boster of Co. A — Hunterdon and Somerset Men in other Beg- iments: Co. F, Ninth Infantry; Co. E, Eleventh Infantry; Co. B, Thirty-eighth Infantry. HuNTEKDON County fumished. to the Thirty-fiffch Regiment one full company (A), as well as many men who served in some of its other companies. The re- mainder of the regiment was recruited chiefly in the county of Essex.* Its rendezvous was at Fleming- ton, where it was mustered into the service in Sep- tember, 1863. It soon afterwards moved to Washing- ton, D. C, whence a few weeks later it was transferred to the Southwest, going by way of Wheeling, W. Va., Cincinnati, Jeffersonville, Ind., and Paducah, Ky., and from the latter place up the Tennessee River to Eastport, Miss., but was soon moved back to Colum- bus, Ky., and thence to Union City, Tenn., where it went into winter quarters. But about the middle of January it was again moved to Columbus, Ky., and thence down the Mississippi to Vicksburg. It saw some skirmishing on the expedition to Meridian, Miss., on which it was engaged during nearly the whole of February, and after its return to the river it proceeded to Cairo, 111., and thence, a week later, was transported to Chattanooga, Tenn., where it joined the army of Gen. Sherman, and was assigned to duty in the First Brigade, Second Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. With this command it took part in the memorable campaign which resulted in the capture of Atlanta. On the 13th of May it became engaged, but lost only one man killed and thirteen wounded. On the 14th it was ordered to support a storming- party, and re- mained under fire during all that day and night, sus- taining some loss. On the 15th, Capt. Angel, of A company, was sent with his command into Resaca, where he captured thirty prisoners and some Confed- erate mails. The total losses of the regiment in front * The regimental officers of the Thirty-fifth when it moved to the front were: Colonel, John J. Cladek; lieutenant-colonel, William A. Henry; major, Austin H. Patterson; adjutant, J. Augustus Fay, Jr.; quarter- master, Lemuel B. Toung ; surgeon, George E. Summers ; assistant sur- geons, Bichard G. Taylor, John T. Lanning ; chaplain, Nathaniel L. Up- ham. The commissioned officers of Company A were : Captain, Charles A. Angel; first lieutenant, Andrew L. Day; second lieutenant, James McMillan. of Resaca were two killed and twenty-two wounded. On the 27th of May, near Dallas, it was again en- gaged, two companies, under Capt. Angel, charging the enemy and carrying the assaulted position, but not being able to hold it against reinforcements which then came up. On the 28th and 29th it was almost constantly skirmishing, but sustained a loss of only twelve, killed and wounded. On the 15th of June the Thirty-fifth was heavily engaged in skirmishing between Kenesaw and Pine Mountain, losing fifteen in killed and wounded. On the 16th it marched to Kenesaw and took part in the two weeks' fighting which succeeded, but lost only thirteen men wounded during these operations. On the 4th of July the regiment was briskly engaged at Ruff's Mills, Ga., in which Capt. Angel, of A com- pany (then acting-major of the regiment), was killed within thirty yards of the rebel position. " No oflScer in the regiment had displayed higher soldierly quali- fications or was more generally beloved, and his death was sincerely lamented not only in his own command, but throughout the entire brigade." On the 8th of July the regiment entered Marietta, Ga., proceeding thence to the Chattahoochee River, which it crossed by fording on the 9th, and intrenched on the south side of that stream. Here it remained for several days, but on the 19th moved forward to Decatur, where it took part in the engagement of the 22d, being, with two other regiments, attacked by an overwhelming force of infantry and cavalry. " The men of the Thirty-fifth moved steadily into line of battle, and at once opened on the rebels, checking them for some minutes. Soon, however, they advanced with added force, and the regiment, vastly out- numbered, gradually fell back for a distance of thirty yards, when it again turned and poured a deadly volley into the ranks of the pui-suera, causing them in turn to fall back. But their repulse was but for a mo- ment. Promptly rallied by their ofQcers, the rebels once more advanced, and, although the Thirty-fifth a third time turned upon them and held them for half an hour, it was at last compelled to retire to the town. Here the regiment was joined by the rest of the brigade, but, the enemy coming in on all sides, the entire command continued the retreat, suffer- ing severely from the fire of the pursuers, the casualties in the Thirty- fifth numbering one killed and sixteen wounded, with a loss of two officers and thirty-seven men missing. "f On the 24th the regiment moved to the front of At- lanta, and there occupied a line of rifle-pits. On the 28th it sustained seven successive charges made by the Confederates on its position, repulsing them all with heavy loss to the enemy, who left his dead on the field. The loss to the Thirty-fifth was very lightj. though " the flag of the regiment was riddled with bullets and the State standard was twice shot down but as often replaced." This was the last action of any moment in which the regiment was engaged dur- ing the Atlanta campaign. On the 8th of September (the serious work of the campaign having ended by the capture of the city) it went into- camp at East Point for a season of rest and recuperation. It was again in motion in October, however, and during that month marched two hundred and twenty-one miles f Foster's " New Jersey and the Rebellion." 150 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. in various directions through Northwestern Georgia, and was engaged with the enemy at Eesaca on the 15th, losing twenty-five, killed and wounded. The Thirty-fifth took part in the great " March to the Sea,'' leaving its camp on the 15th of November and moving with the army through the heart of Oeorgia, arriving within six miles of Savannah on the 10th of December without having been engaged be- yond a little light skirmishing on the way. On the 21st the enemy evacuated the city, which was occu- pied by the Union troops on the following day, though the Thirty-fifth did not enter, but remained on picket duty. On the 3d of January, 1865, it moved through the city to the Savannah Eiver, where it embarked on the steamer " S. E. Spaulding'' and proceeded to Port Eoyal, S. C, whence, with other troops, it was forwarded to Pocotaligo. On the 1st of February, with the other forces, it moved northward through swamps and lagoons, often wading knee-deep in water for long distances. It reached and passed through Orangeburg on the 12th, and arrived at Columbia, the capital of the State, on the 16th. From there it marched through Winnsboro' to Cheraw, where it was on provost duty for several days. Still pressing on, it reached Fayetteville, N. C, on the 11th of March, and after a halt of two days took the road to Goldsboro', where, soon after its arrival, the men were furnished with new clothing and other necessaries. The regiment did not take part in the battles of Averysboro' and Bentonville, N. C, but its march from Pocotaligo had been one of great hardship, and the men sufiered very severely ; but they had endured all without complaint. On the 10th of April, Gen. Sherman advanced with determination against the Confederate general Johnston at Smithfield, N. C. The town was en- tered on the following day, the enemy retreating to Ealeigh, and thence to Greensboro'. The news of Lee's surrender at Appomattox having been received, Johnston at once asked a suspension of hostilities, which being granted, negotiations were entered upon, which, on the 26th, resulted in the surrender of Johnston's army. The campaigning of the regiment was now over, and on the 29th of April it broke camp for the march to Washington. It reached Petersburg, Va., on the 8th of May, and, passing thence to and through Eichmond, arrived in the vicinity of the national capital on the 19th. Here it remained several weeks (much to the disappointment of the men, who greatly disliked this long halt on the homeward march), but the welcome order came at last, and on the 22d of July the regiment left for Trenton, where it was disbanded. The following is a list of officers and enlisted men of Company A of the Thirty-fifth Eegiment, raised in Lambertville, Hunterdon Co. : Charles A. Angel, captain ; com. Aug. 28, 1S63 ; killed in action near KuffB Mills, Ga., July 4, 1804 ; buded at National Cemelerj', Marietta, Ga. J. Augustus Fay, Jr., captain ; com. July 31,1864; adjutant July 21,1863; pro. to captain, vice Angel, killed; pro. to major Fortieth Be^ment Feb. 16, 1865. Daniel K. Hineon, captain ; com. March 28, 1865 ; private July 27, 1863 ; sergeant-major Oct. 14, 1863 ; iirst lieutenant March 9, 1864 ; captain, vice Fay, promoted. Andrew L. Day, first lieutenant; com. Aug. 28, 1863; disch. Jan. 11, 1864, by S. 0. War Department. James McMillan, second lieutenant ; com. Aug. 28, 1863 ; dismissed Feb. 8, 1864, by S. 0. War Department. James Crowell, second lieutenant; com,- March 9,1864; quarterma^ter- sergeant; second lieutenant, wice McMillan, dismissed; res. Feb. 1, 1866. William H. Martin, second lieutenant ; com. March 28, 1865 ; pro. from sergeant Co. D ; must, out July 20, 1865 Edward Kennedy, first sergeant; enl. July 27, 1863; pro. to second lieu- tenant Co. F Nov. 7, 1864. Charles H. Naylor, first sergeant; enl. July 27, 1863; sergeant Dec. 17, 1863 ; first sergeant Jan. 1, 1865. Samuel L. Slack, sergeant; enl. July 27, 1863; pro. May 1, 1865; must, out July 20, 1865. John C. Higgins, sergeant; enl. July 27, 1863; pro. from corporal July 10, 1866 ; must, out July 20, 1865. John Coward, sergeant ; enl. July 27, 1863 ; pro. from corporal July 1. 1866 ; must out July 20, 1865. Patrick Kiley, sergeant ; enl. Aug. 19, 1863 ; pro. from private July 1, 1865 ; must, out July 20, 1866. Samuel Boyd, sergeant; enl. Aug. 11, 1863; trans, to Co. E, Fourteenth Regiment, Oct. 31, 1863. William Chidester, sergeant ; enl. Aug. 11, 1863 ; missing on picket near Goldsboro', N. C, March 20, 1865 ; recorded at War Department as died that date. John Hayes, sergeant ; enl. Aug. 11, 1863 ; not must, out with company. Andrew J. Roe, corporal; enl. Sept. 1,1863; trans, from Co. K_; must, out July 20, 1865. Owen O'Neil, corporal ; enl. Aug. 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Joseph Beckhardt, corporal ; enl. Aug. 19, 1863; must, out July 20, 1866. Richard Calligban, corporal ; enl. Sept. 6, 1864; disch. at Washington by order of War Department May 18, 1865. John King, corporal; enl. Aug. 13, 1863; died at military hospital, Chicago, Nov. 10, 1864; buried in Rose Hill Cemetery, Chicago, 111. Alfred Woolverton, corporal; enl. Aug. 24, 1863; died of diarrhcea at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., June 26, 1864 ; buried at National Cemetery, Jefferson Barracks. John W. Neal, Jr., corporal ; enl. July 27, 1863 ; not must, out with com- pany. William C. Bryaut, corporal; enl. Aug. 11, 1863; not must, out with company. Charles Verthuren, corporal ; enl. Feb. 2, 1865 ; not must, out with com- pany. Robert Snowden, musician ; enl. Aug. 13, 1863 ; disch. by order of War Department May 4, 1865. Charles Van Marter, musician ; enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1806. Isaac H. Miller, wagoner ; enl. Aug. 4, 1863 ; disch. on account of wounds June 13, 1865. Samuel Carr, wagoner ; enl. Aug. 19, 1863 ; disch. on account of disability April 20, 1804. Richard Garmo, wagoner ; enl. Oct. 6, 1863 ; disch. on account of dis- ability April 10, 1866. John P. Nice, wagoner ; enl. July 27, 1863 ; disch. on account of dis- ability Jan. 13, 1864. John Reed, wagoner ; enl. Aug. 17, 1863 ; disch. on account of disability June 8, 1864. Michael Roach, wagoner; disch. S. 0. War Department Jan. 14, 1865. Herman Stehr, wagoner; enl. Sept. 14, 1864; disch. at Trenton, N. J., Oct. 2, 1864. Privatee. Joseph Anthony, enl. March 30, 1865 ; trans, from Co. G ; must, out July 20, 1865. John Allen, enl. Feb. 17, 186fi ; not must, out with company. John Barnes, enl. Jan. 14, 1865 ; not must, out with company. George Beck, enl. Feb. 17, 1806 ; not must, out with company. Louis Becker, enl. April 10, 1K65 ; not must, out with company. Henry Blum, enl. Aug. 8, 1863 ; missing ; not must, out with company. Chas. Burns, enl. Aug. 4, 1863 ; missing; not must, out with company. THIRTYFIFTH INFANTRY, AND OTHER REGIMENTS. 151 Thninas Burns, enl. A\ig. 21, 1863 ; missing : not must, out with company. Peter Bain, enl. Fell. 23, 18S4; must, out July 20, 1866. Jamen Barrett, enl. Au?. 13, 1863 ; disoli. at Phila., Pa., March 26, 1866. Chiirles Bier, enl. March 14, 1865 ; must, out Nov. 29, 1866. Chua. J. Bice, enl. Oct 14. 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1866. Jam^s S. Blue, enl. Sept. 6, 1864 ; disch. by order of "War Department May 30, 1866. Henry Bogert, enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, ont July 20, 1865. Alfred Booze, enl. Aug. 19, 1863; must, out July 20, 1866. Henry Bradley, enl. Oct. 4, 1864 ; trans, from Co. K ; must, out July 20, 1866. Abraham M. Budd, enl. Sept. 13, 1864 ; disch. by order from War De- partment May 30, 1865. Louis Buedel, enl. April 12, 1865 ; trans, from Co. J ; must, out July 20, 1865. Daniel Burget, enl. March 8, 1866 ; must, out July 6, 1866. Henry Baker, enl. Aug. 29, 1864 ; trans, to Co. K. Owen Baker, enl. Sept. 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. K. George Barker, enl. Sept. 15, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G. ■William Basto, enl. Sept. 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E. Jerry J. Bertrand, enl. Feb. 18, 1866 ; trans, to Co. D. Edwin Clark, enl. July 27, 1863 ; disch. by order from War Department July 7, 1865. Joseph J. L. Clinton, enl. Aug. 11, 1863 ; pro. to commissary-sergeant Dec. 25, 1864. Henry C. Cook, enl. Aug. 8, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. James Cox, enl. Aug. 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1866. John Corning, enl. Jan. 9, 1866 ; trans, to Co. G. Michael Connor, enl. Aug. 24, 18G3 ; not must, out with company. Isaac Chambers, enl. Jan. 21, 1865 ; final record unknown. James Doyle, enl. March 23, 1864 ; final record unknown. John Dnrcy, enl. Feb. 26, 1866 ; must, out July 20, 1866. Henry De Gram, enl. March 28, 1866 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Edmund Disbiow, enl. Aug. 11, 1863 ; disch. at hospital at Newark, N. J., Aug. 17, 1865. William J. Dunning, enl. Aug. 24, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Joseph Durand, enl. Sept. 28, 1863; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps March 20, 1866; disch. Nov. 28, 1866. John Daley, enl. Jan. 17, 1865 ; not must, out with company. Anthony De Silvn, enl. Feb. 24, 1865; not must, out with company. Joseph Elk, enl. Feb. 4, 1866 ; disch. from hospital by order from War Department ; must, out July 8, 1865. Levis Ensign, enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. William Everett, enl. Sept. 6, 1864 ; disch. by order from War Depart- ment May 30, 1866. Alexander Evans, enl. Sept. 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. D. John Fisher, enl. Sept. 15, 1864 ; disch. at hospital by order of War De- partment June 28, 1865. Patrick Fanning, enl. Sept. 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. K. John L. FuUrman, enl. March 16, 1865 ; trans, to Co. K. Francis Flanley, enl. Aug. 26, 1863 ; not must, out with company. John Gillen, enl. Sept. 16, 1864 ; trans, from Co. E ; leg amputated ; disch. May 30, 186S. William F. Gordon, enl. Aug. 4, 1803; must, ont July 20, 1866. Andrew Green, enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. William Grant, enl, Sept. 29, 1863; not must, outwith company. Joh n Green, enl. March 11 , 1865 ; not must, out with company. Eicliard Griflin, enl. Oct. 10, 1863 ; not must, out with company. John Gill, enl. April 11, 1864; wounded at Savannah. Ga., and leg am- putated. Michael Goggins, enl. Jan. 26, 1866 ; final record unknown. John Hammell, enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Samiiel B. Harold, enl. Aug. 22, 1868 ; disch. by order of War Depart ment July 31, 1865. Patrick Haynes, enl. March 13, 1866 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Charles Herbst (or Halps), enl. Jan. 21, 1865; must, out July 20, 1866. James Higgins, enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Samuel C. Hill, enl. Aug. 19, 1863; must, out July 2U, 1866. James Howard, enl. Sept. 21, 1863 ; paroled prisoner ; disch. at Trenton by order of War Department June 17, 1865. Cornelius Hully, enl. Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out July 20, 1865. John Hubs, enl. Sept. 21, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. George H. Hutchinson, enl. Aug. 11, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Charles Hayes, enl. Jan. 9, 1866 ; trans, to Co. G. James Haley, enl. Jan 17, 1865 ; not mnst. out with company. Joseph Harrington, enl. Feb. 16, 1866 ; not must, out with company. Joseph Headley, enl. Aug. 19, 1863 ; not must, out with company. John C. P. Heaney, enl. Feb. 17, 1866 ; not must, out with company. George Hillyer, enl. Jan 14, 1865 ; not must, out with company. George M. Jones, enl. Sept. 11, 1863 ; trans, to Co. K ; not must, out with company. W. T. Johnson, enl. Aug, 13, 1864; final record unknown. Frederick Kaiifman, enl. March 8, 1865 ; must, ont July 20, 1866. Robert M. Kerrison, enl. July 27, 1863 ; disch. by order of War Depart- ment July 23, 1865. John G. Kimball, enl. Aug. 20, 1863 ; disch. by order of War Department June 6, 1865. John Keim, enl. Sept. 14, 1864 ; trans, to Co. K. David Kreiger, enl. Sept. 14, 1864 ; trans, to Co. K. Thomas Kane, enl. Aug. 19, 1863 ; not must, out with company. Patrick Keating, enl. Feb. 24, 1866 ; not must, out with company. Gottleib F. Keherer, enl. March 9, 1865 ; not must, out with company. James Kennedy, enl. Feb. 1, 1865; not must, out with company. William W. Kendrick, enl. Aug. 13, 1863 ; not must, out with company. Peter C. King, enl. Feb. 3, 1865 ; not must, out with company. Henry E. Kohler, enl. March 6, 1866 ; not must, out with company. Samuel Legasey, enl. March 14, 1866 ; must, out July 20, 1866. Henry Lawler, enl. Aug. 19, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Eugene Lepron, enl. Sept. 23, 1864 ; trans, from Co. E ; disch. by order of War Department May 30, 1866. George W. Lloyd, enl. Sept. 14, 1864; trans, from Co. K; disch. by order of War Department May 30, 1865. W. Harrison Lum, enl. Aug. 4, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. John Lander, enl. Aug. 22, 1863 ; not must, outwith company. Patrick Mannan, enl. Sept. 7, 1864 ; disch. by order of War Department May 30, 1866. Gotleib Mannerhan, enl. March 7, 1865 ; must, out July 20, 1866. George McCliesney, enl. Aug. 8, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1866. William McCne, enl. Aug. 7, 1863; must, out July 20, 1865. Patrick McDermott, enl. Sept. 12, 1864; disch. by order of War Depart- ment May 30, 1865. William McGowan, enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. William McGuire, enl. Aug. 8, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Peter McLinden, enl. March 8, 1865 ; trans, from Co. F ; must, out July 20, 1866. Joseph M. Mitchell, enl. Jan. 5, 1865 ; trans, from Co. C ; must, out July 20, 1865. Francis Mulligan, enl. Feb. 27, 1866 ; disch. by order of War Department July 23, 1865. Jesse B. Moore, enl. Sept. 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. B. Patrick Mahan, enl. Sept. 26, 1864 ; not must, out with company. John Mann, enl. Aug. 22, 1863 ; not must, out with company. Henry Mayuard, enl. Sept. 29, 1863 ; not must, out with company. Samuel Milroy, enl. Aug. 19, 1863; not must, out with company. Joseph Murphj', enl. Aug. 19, 1863; not must, ont with company, Amos Myers, enl. July 27, 1863; not must, out with company, John W. Neal, enl. Sept. 7, 1864; disch. by order of War Department May 4, 1865. George O'Daniel, enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, ont July 20, 1866, William Osborne, enl, Aug. 8, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865, Charles Owen, enl. Feb. 24, 1866; must, out July 20, 1866, Joseph Y. Packer, enl. Aug. 20, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865, John W, Pfefl'er, enl, March 13, 1865 ; mnst. out July 20, 1866. Charles Petit, enl. Sept. 15, 1864; trans, to Co. K. John Pesco, enl. Oct. 10, 1863 ; not mnst. out with company, Patrick Phelan, enl. Aug. 7, 1863 ; not must, out with company. John R. Price, enl. Oct, 2, 1863 ; not must, out with company, John Keppert, enl. March 5, 1865; must, out July 20, 1865, George G. Kosendale, enl. March 16, 1866 ; trans, to Co. I, Charles Rue, enl, Sept. 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. K. William B. Rapp, enl. Jan. 14, 1865 ; not must, out with company, William S. Rolland, enl. Aug. 19, 1863 ; not must, out with company. Harr.y Russell, enl. Aug. 13, 1863 ; not must, out with company. George Salter, enl. Aug. 14, 1863 ; disch, by order of War Department July 11, 1866, John Schafl'er, enl, March 7, 1865 ; mnst, out July 20, 1866, Peter Schuster, enl. Aug. 11, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865, John Sides, enl, Aug. 4, 1863 ; must, ont July 20, 1865, John Skillman, enl. Sept, 24, 1863; trans, from Co. G; must, out July 20, 1865. Bishop C. Smith, enl. Aug. 10, 1863 ; mnst. out July 20, 1866, John Smith, eul. March 7, 1866; disch. by order of War Department July 11, 1865. Mahlon Smith, enl. Aug. 11, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1866. 152 HUNTEKDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. John W. States, eiil. Sept. 12, ISGi ; disch. by order of War Bepartment May 30, 1865. William H. Stewart, enl. Sept. 13, 1864 ; discli. by order of War Departr meDt May 30, ISGS. Cornelius Q. StuU, enl. Sept. 3, 1863 ; trans, from Co. K • must, out July 20,1866. James Sandford, enl. Jan. 9, 1865 ; trans, to Go. I. David Schoen, enl. Sept. 12, 1864; trans, to Co. G. Theodore Swanaker, enl. Sept. 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. B. Patrick Sharkey, enl. Sept. 14, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E. Garret Smith, enl. Jan. 9, 1865 ; trans, to Co. B. James W. Smith, enl. Sept. 12, 1864 ; trans, to First Connecticut Cavalry Sept. 24, 1864. Henry B. Stevenson, enl. Sept. 14, 1864 ; trans, to Co. K. James Stewart, enl. Jan. 18, 1865 ; trans, to Co. E. George Sldnner, enl. April 11, 1865; final record unknown. Daniel Sailor, eul. July 27, 1863 ; not must, out with company. Joseph R. Sailor, enl. Julyi7, 1863, not must, out with company. William Sinclair, enl. Aug. 27. 1863 ; not must, out with company. David Spencer, enl. March 11, 1865 ; not must, out with company. Sidney B. StuU, enl. Aug. 11, 1863 ; not must, out with company. Christopher Thudeum, enl. Aug. 10, 1863 ; disch. from hospital by order of War Department June 7, 1S65. Charles Towee, enl. Sept. H, 1864 ; trans, from Co. K ; disch. by order of War Department May 30, 1865. Miles Taylor, enl. Feb. 21, 1865 ; trans, to Co. B. David Trauger, enl. July 27, 1863; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps; disch. for disability Sept. 24, 1864. Dennis Tunny, enl. Sept. 13, 1864 ; trans, to Co. B. Charles Taylor, enl. Oct. 10, 1863 ; not must, out with company. John W. Thorp, enl. Aug. 19, 1863 ; not. must, out with company. Martin Thravers, enl. March 14, 1865; not must, out with company. Edward Vannaman, enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Henry F. Vaughn, enl. July 27, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. John H. Vogeding, enl. Feb. 23, 1865 ; must, out July 20, 1865. Samuel L. Wright, enl. Sept. 1 3, 1864 ; pro. to hosp. steward May 1, 1865. Wilson D. Wright, enl. Aug. 4, 1863 ; must, out July 20, 1865. George H. Westcott, enl. Sept. 13, 1864; trans, to Co. E. Richard Westcott, enl. Sept. 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. E. Christopher Wilson, enl. Aug. 22, 1864; trans, to Co. D. William Wilson, enl. Aug. 19, 1863 ; not must, out with company. HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTY MEN IN OTHER REGIMENTS. In the Ninth New Jersey Infantry Kegiment there was one company (F), Captain William B. Curlies, which was partially filled by men of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties. This regiment (originally a rifle organization) was mustered at Camp Olden, Trenton, in October, 1861, and left the State on the 4th of De- cember following. On the 4th of January, 1862, it was moved to Annapolis, where it was embarked as part of the famous " Burnside expedition" against Roanoke Island, N. C. Its first battle was in the assault on the rebel works at that place, where it lost thirty-four killed and wounded. It also fought bravely at Newbern, and at other points in North Carolina during the campaign of that year, in a manner which drew from the Legislature of New Jersey the follow- ing flattering recognition of its services, — viz. : *' Besohed, That the Ninth Regiment of New Jersey Volunteers, by their patieut endurance under privation and fatigue, and by their courage at the ever-to-be-remombered battles of Roanoke and Newbern (a courage evinced by the havoc made in their own unwavering columns better than by the reports of partial journals), have sustained the high reputation which since the days of the Revolution has belonged to the soldiers of New Jersey; and as evidence of our appreciation of that acme of every manly virtue, ' patriotic devotion to country,' the Governor of the State is requested to have prepared and forwarded to said regiment a standard, on which shall be inscribed these words: 'Presented by New Jersey to her Ninth Regiment, in remembrance of Roanoke and Newbern.' " The color so ordered were presented to the regiment at Newbern on the 24th of December, 1862. Subsequently, until the close of the war, the Ninth fought with gallantry and distinction in a great num- ber of battles and skirmishes, of which the entire list, as recorded in the office of the adjutant-general of the State, is as follows : Roanoke Island, N. C, Feb. 8, 1861 ; Newbern, N. C, March 14, 1862 ; Fort Macon, N. C, April 25, 1862; Young's Cross-Roads, N. C, July 27, 1862 ; Rowell's Mill, N. C, Nov. 2, 1862 ; Deep Creek, N. C, Dec. 12, 1862 ; Southwest Creek, N. C, Dec. 13, 1862; before Kinston, N. C, Dec. 13, 1862 ; Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862 ; Whitehall, N. C, Dec. 16, 1862; Goldsboro', N. C, Dec. 17, 1862; Com- fort, N. C, July 6, 1863 ; near Winston, N. C, July 26, 1863; Deep Creek, N. C, Feb. 7, 1864; Cherry Grove, N. C, April 14, 1864; Port Walthall, Va., May 6 and 7, 1864; Swift Creek, Va., May 9 and 10, 1864; Drury's Bluff', Va., May 12 to 16, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 3 to 12, 1864; Petersburg, Va., from June 20 to Aug. 24, 1864; Gardner's Bridge, N. C, Dec. 9, 1864; Foster's Bridge, N. C, Dec. 10, 1864; Butler's Bridge, N. C, Dec. 11, 1864; near Southwest Creek, N. C, March 7, 1865 ; Wise's Forks, N. C, March 8, 9, and 10, 1865 ; Goldsboro', N. C, March 21, 1865. The Eleventh Infantry Regiment had one company (E) which was largely composed of men from Hun- terdon County. This regiment was raised in the summer of 1862, and, under command of Col. Robert McAllister, left Trenton on the 25th of August in that year for Washington, from which city it crossed the Potomac into Virginia, and was there engaged in the ordinary duties assigned to regiments fresh from the camp of organization. At Fairfax Court-house, on the 16th of November following, it was incor- porated with Carr's brigade of Sickles' division, and two days later set out on the march to Falmouth, on the Rappahannock, where it arrived on the 27th with other commands of the great army which Gen. Burn- side was concentrating at that point in preparation for the great struggle at Fredericksburg. The terrible battle at that place, on the 13th of December, was the first general engagement in which the Eleventh took part, but (although its loss on that day was slight,, being only six killed and wounded and six missing) the regiment performed all that was required of it,, and behaved with steadiness and gallantry on this as- on many a later field. From this time the Eleventh took part in all the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac until the close of the war. In the great battle of Chancellors- ville it lost one hundred and thirty-three in killed and wounded, and assisted in repelling some of the heaviest assaults* made by the veterans of Stonewall * A letter written from the field of Chancellorsville said that in that battle the Eleventh New Jersey, by holding its position aud fighting des- perately against overwhelming odds, saved the Second Brigade of New EDUCATIONAL AND STATISTICAL. 153 Jackson. At Gettysburg, on the 2(i of July, it sus- tained some of the heaviest attacks of the day, losing one hundred and fifty-four officers and men killed and wounded. It fought at Kelly's Ford of the Rap- pahannock on the 8th of November, taking a large number of prisoners. On the 26th it was engaged at Locust Grove, losing twenty-six killed and wounded. On the 3d of December it went into winter quarters near Brandy Station. On the opening of the spring campaign of 1864 the Eleventh left its winter camp at one o'clock a.m. on the 4th of May, and moved into the " Wilderness." In the terrible advance through that dark and bloody ground, in the fire and carnage of Spottsylvania, at Cold Harbor, on the route from that ghastly field to the front of Petersburg, and in the tedious and de- structive operations against that stronghold during the summer of 1864 and the spring of 1865, its mem- bers always showed conspicuous gallantr)"- and strict attention to the requirements of soldierly duty. Upon the termination of hostilities its survivors were marched to Washington, and thence were transported to Trenton, where they arrived on the 15th of June, 1865, and were soon after discharged. The Thirty-eighth Eegiment of infantry, which was raised in the summer and autumn of 1864, under Col. William J. Sewell, contained one company (B, Capt. George W. Day) which was partially made up of men from Hunterdon County. Upon leaving the State this regiment proceeded to City Point, Va., thence to Bermuda Hundred, and from there to Fort Powhatan, on the James Elver, about fifteen miles below City Point. The troops at that place consisted of this regiment, a squadron of cavalry, and a battery of artillery, and their duties were keeping the river open and protecting a line of telegraph for a distance of about forty miles. In the performance of this duty skirmishes with guerrilla bands frequently occurred, but no general engagement resulted. The Thirty- eighth remained at Fort Powhatan engaged in this duty until the close of the war, when it was ordered to City Point, and thence to Trenton, where it arrived on the 4th of July, 1866. CHAPTER XV L EDUCATIONAL ABTD STATISTICAL. -First The Early Dutch enjoin the Support of a Schoolmaater, in 1629' Schoolmaster and School-house in New Jersey— The Scotch-Preshy- terlans bring Schoolmasters with them— The Quakers and Schools- Colonial Legislation— The OoUeges— School-Fund created in 1817— Subseanent Legislation, etc.— Free Schools— Educational Statistics of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties— Statistics of Population, etc. The Dutch who first settled New York and the adjacent part of New Jersey held the Church and the Jersey from being flanked, and enabled the Fifth Begiment of that bri- gade to take the colors whose capture gave them so much distinction. 11 school in the same high estimation with which they were regarded in their own Fatherland. The charter of the West India Company (1629) enjoined upon its patrons and the colonists " in the speediest manner to endeavor to find out ways and means whereby they might support a minister and a schoolmaster." The first schoolmaster who taught in New Jersey was Englebert Steenhuysen, at Jersey City, in 1662,* where the first school-house was erected in 1664. One hundred years prior to the Declaration of Independence (in 1676) the Scotch Presbyterians brought preachers and schoolmasters with them, and established schools in their settlements in East Jersey.! The Woodbridge charter (1669) also looked after the subject of educating the young ; James Ful- lerton was the first schoolmaster there, in 1689. With the pioneer Quakers in West New Jersey, education being a part of their religion, schools were very early established. The first school fund established in the province (and, we think, in America) was by the set- tlement at Burlington, in 1683, in setting apart an island in the Delaware, opposite the town, for educa- tional purposes, and the revenues derived from the rent or sale of lands were reserved for the support of schools. Twice under the proprietary government were schools and schoolmasters made the subject of legis- lation. First, in 1693, — the first school law of the State, — the General Assembly of East New Jersey authorized the inhabitants of any town, by warrant from any justice of the peace, to meet and choose three men to make a rate and establish the salary of a schoolmaster for as long a time as they might think proper, a majority of the inhabitants to compel the payment of any rates levied and withheld, the act setting forth that " the cultivation of learning and good manners tends greatly to the good and benefit of mankind."! This act, being found inconvenient, " by reason of the distance of the neighborhood," in 1695 was amended : it provided that three men should be chosen annually in each town, to have power to select a teacher " and the most convenient place or places where the school shall be kept, that as near as may be the whole inhabitants may have the benefit thereof." This was a complete recognition of the principle of taxing property for the support of public schools, which at that time was up to the most ad- vanced legislation on this subject in America.? Under this law schools were established in all parts of the province. The College of New Jersey was incorporated in 1746, and ten years later was permanently located at Princeton. The Presbyterian Church founded a the- * Bergen had a school about the same time, — 1661-63, — which possibly may have antedated the one at Jersey City. — PrcUCs Annals of Education in New York, pp. 36, 37. f Vide records of Newark, etc. X Learning and Spicer's Laws, p. ?'28. ■ § Ellis A. Apgar, School Eeports, 1879, p. 37. 154 HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY. ological school at the same place in 1811. Rutgers College was chartered by King George III. in 1770, under the name of Queen's College, at New Bruns- wick.' In 1825 the State Legislature changed its name in honor of Henry Rutgers, one of its benefactors. The Reformed Church control this institution. " The first definite step taken by the Legislature of the State to provide the means of education by cre- ating a fund for the support of free schools was in 1817. The act that was passed made certain appro- priations for the establishment of a permanent school fund." The following year a board of trustees was established for the management of the school fund. In 1820 the townships of the State were first autho- rized to raise money for school purposes, — for the education of " such poor children as are paupers." It was in consequence of this legislation that the New Jersey public schools were for so many years regarded as pauper schools.* In 1824 it was enacted that one- tenth of all the State taxes should every year be added to the school fund. In 1828 townships were first empowered to vote moneys at town-meeting for the building and repairing of school-houses. During the next few years there was a general agitation of the subject of public education throughout the State. A. "central committee," appointed by a convention ield at Trenton in 1828, canvassed the State; the Rev. Dr. Maclean, of the College of New Jersey, the same year delivered at Princeton an address, in which he urged nearly all the features that characterize the present system of public instruction ; the New Jersey Missionary Society appointed a committee to inquire into the condition of education in the State, etc.f To the many memorials and petitions the Legisla- ture nobly responded in the law of 1829, which appro- priated twenty thousand dollars annually from the school fund, and which was the first comprehensive school law in the State. In 1831 these funds were bestowed upon all schools, public, private, or paro- chial. The enactment of 1838, while repealing all former acts, restored many of the desirable features of the act of 1829. Township school committees were again to be elected, who were to proceed to divide the township into school districts ; they were required to visit schools and make reports as before. By it, also, the annual appropriation was increased by an addi- tion of ten thousand dollars. Teachers were obliged to pass examination and obtain license from boards of county examiners elected by the chosen freeholders, or from the township school committees. The constitution of 1844 required the school fund to be securely invested, and to remain a perpetual * The opprobriouB term " paupera" remained in all subsequent enact- ments relating to public schools until the year 1838. -f From the report of a committee of the Legislature of 1829 we make the following extract: "The lamentable truth appears that nearly fifteen thousand persons over the age of fifteen years remain in total ignorance, unable either to read or write ; . . . nearly twelve thousand children under the age of fifteen years, are depriyed of the means of obtaining even the first rudiments of an education." fund. In 1845 a State superintendent was first pro- vided. By the law of 1846, while the annual school fund appropriation remained the same and the limitations of school age — five and sixteen — were continued, many other features were changed. The licensing of teachers, before optional, now became obligatory, as also the requirement that townships shall (not may) raise a sum " at least equal to that received from the State, and not greater than twice such amount." In 1848 authority was first given townships to use the interest of the surplus revenue for the support of public schools. In 1851 an amendment to the act of 1846 increased the annual appropriation to forty thousand dollars, changed the basis of apportion- ment, and made the school-age limitation five and eighteen years, which latter still obtains. In 1854 teachers' institutes were first established. In 1855 the Legislature provided for the purchase of a copy of " Webster's Unabridged Dictionary" for each school in the State, and the next year added a copy of " Lip- pincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World." The State Normal School was instituted in 1855. The State board of education was established in 1866. The act of 1867 authorized the board to appoint county superintendents. The county superintendent, with two teachers selected by him, became the county examiner; examinations were held quarterly, and certificates issued of three grades. The Legislature of 1871 passed the liberal act which made all the public schools of the State entirely free. A fixed State school tax of two mills on the dollar was substituted for the uncertain township school tax, and trustees were prohibited from charging tui- tion fees. In 1876 certain amendments to the State constitution were ratified which make it impossible for the State or municipalities to make any appro- priations to sectarian schools, obligatory upon the State to maintain an efficient system of free schools, and prohibited all special school legislation. At present (1879) the school fund amounts to $1,660,502. For much of the above history we are indebted to Ellis A. Apgar, the present efficient State superin- tendent of public instruction, and to which we append some special mention of the schools of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties. EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS, 1879. At the present time Hunterdon County has 10,585 children between five and eighteen years of age, of whom 8721 were enrolled in the school registers, with an average attendance of 4185 ;t 70 male and 72 fe- male teachers have been employed, of whom 18 are of the first grade, 32 second grade, and 91 third grade. Of the 108 school-houses, 79 are constructed of wood,. 7 of brick, and 22 of stone, which are valued at over t Estimated number of children attending private schools, 405; esti- mated number who have attended no school during 1879, 1325.— SoJioo! Report. EDUCATIONAL AND STATISTICAL. 155 $145,000. The schools of the county are graded as follows : Of the first grade, 15 ; second grade, 17 ; third grade, 58 ; fourth grade, 12 ; fifth grade, 6 ; total, 108.* The numher of school districts is 104; of school departments, 137 ; number of unsectarian pri- vate schools, 8 ; sectarian private schools, 3. The per- centage of average attendance upon the public schools in 1879 was .48 ; percentage of the census in the public schools, .83 ; percentage attending private schools, .04 ; percentage attending no schools, .13. Eighteen of the schools have libraries, embracing several hun- dred volumes. The present county superintendent is E. S. Swacthamer, of White House, from whose re- cent reportf we learn that school-houses were com- pleted during the year in Districts Nos. 5, 52, and 108 (Mount Airy, Lebanon township ; New Stone, Union township ; and LambertvUle), the latter being " a model in regard to size, arrangement, and construc- tion." Hunterdon County's apportionment from the State appropriation for 1879 was $38,508.72. Somerset County has, according to the statistical tables, 5477 children between the ages of five and eighteen enrolled in the school registers, J of which the average number who attended school in 1879 was 2631 ; these were taught by 32 male and 56 female teachers, occupying 72 school-houses, valued at about $90,000. The school-houses of the county will com- fortably seat nearly 4000 children. The grade of the schools of the county is as follows : 8 first grade, 27 second, 31 third, and 6 fourth. The nine townships are divided into 71 school districts, containing 72 schools? and 88 school departments. There are also sixteen private schools in the county. Sixteen of the public schools have libraries, aggregating 1182 vol- umes. J. S. Haynes is the county superintendent. The following is the apportionment of the appro- priations for public schools in the several townships of Somerset County for the school-year commencing Sept. 1, 1880, according to the report of J. S. Haynes, the county superintendent : Further details of the schools of both Hunterdon and Somerset Counties will be found in the several township histories in this work. STATISTICS OF POPULATION, Etc. CENSUS OF 1737. Townships. si mp5 State Appropri- ation. Two-Mill Tax. 3 729 701 468 2290 431 1010 941 619 1090 $i25.79 217.12 141.86 709.27 133.49 312.83 291.46 160.76 337.60 «222.38 213.83 139.71 698.66 131.48 308.09 287.05 158.33 332.60 82644.95 2263.08 1266.66 6172.73 1382.71 2660.30 3674.66 1626.42 3772.10 82993.12 2694.03 1648.13 7680.66 1647.68 North Ploinfleld 3281.22 4263.16 1944.60 4442.20 8169 $2630.17 82491.93 825,362.60 830,384.60 Counties. ii m CO as es that are bestrewed with rocks arid covered, for the most part, with a forest of hard-wood. Upon this ridge are several ]]cakH or eminences which give it the appearance of a sierra. This part of the ridge is known as I'iekle's Mountain. Between the northeastern and the southwestern parts — that is, between the Cushetong and Pickle's Mountain — is a third part, that bears a relation to tlic! other two portions somewhat similar to the relation that the toe of a horseshoe bears to the parts it serves to connect. This is the most southeasterly part of this mountain. It is also the least elevak^d and the PHYSICAL GEOGEAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 163 most accessible. Much of it is arable and under good tillage. Northeast of Pickle's Mountain, at the distance of five miles, is another group of eminences. The lofti- est of these eminences is known as Silver Hill. Upon its top and north slope it is quite rugged and stony. Upon its southern slope the surface is more uniform and freer from stone. Towards the southeast, at a little distance away. Silver Hill is environed by a semi- circular ridge of some prominence. YALLBTS. In many places between the several ridges that ex- tend across the county are valleys of more or less local importance. But those demanding a place in a general description of the county are the Red Shale, South Branch, Round, German, Bunn, Musconetcong, and the Delaware valleys. KBD SHALE VALLEY. Between the Sourland Ridge on the southeast, the Hunterdon table-land, the crescentic ridge, the Fox Hills, and the semicircular ridge on the northwest, fi'om the Delaware River to the elevations known as First and Second Mountain, extends a plain that varies in width from six to ten miles. Across this plain, from Fisher's Peak northwest to the Hunterdon table-land, extends a water-shed that divides it into two sections. That part west of this water-shed is known as the Red Shale Valley. The term red shale is applied to this region because almost everywhere the soil thereof is formed from the disintegration of the subjacent red shale rock. This valley is a part of the basin of the Raritan River. The Red Shale Valley is gently rolling, is every- where well drained, and is very well adapted to agri- culture. The fertility of the soil, the ease of tillage, and its capabilities to withstand the vicissitudes of rainfall make it a most desirable section for the agri- culturist. Nor has it been neglected. Perhaps in the Atlantic States there is not another area so well suited to the culture of maize, wheat, and grass, and perhaps there is not another area of equal size that is so well tilled and so productive. SOUTH BRANCH VALLEY. This valley embraces the lowlands that lie along the South Branch of the Raritan from the narrows between Round Mountain and the Hunterdon table- land northward to the narrows between the Musconet- cong Mountain and the Fox Hills. In outline it is very irregular. Its surface is gently rolling and well drained, its soil is well suited to agriculture, and it is well tilled. BOUND VALLEY. This is a small area of land partly encompassed by Cushetong and Pickle's Mountain. Its situation is singular, and, as viewed from the crest of Pickle's Mountain, it is a beautiful factor in a delightful land- scape. Towards the northwest it communicates with the South Branch Valley ; towards the north with the Red Shale Valley. GEEMAN VALLEY. That area of lowland extending along the South Branch northwestward between the Fox Hills and Schooley's Mountain is known as the German Valley. At the lower extremity it is narrow. Indeed, at this end it terminates in a deep ravine. Towards the northwest it widens out, until at the distance of some six miles above the ravine it is about two miles wide. That part of this valley that lies within the limits of Hunterdon County is well drained and well suited to agriculture. In it is an abundance of limestone, which is extensively used as a dressing to the farm- lands. The fertility of German Valley is far famed. MUSCONETCONG VALLEY. This valley consists of the lowlands extendi^along the Musconetcong River between the Musconetcong Mountain on the southeast and the Pohatcong Moun- tain on the northwest. This valley is narrow, rolling, well drained, abounding in limestone, well suited to agriculture, and is well tilled. This valley is cele- brated for the excellency of its crops of wheat and grass. DELAWARE VALLEY. Along each side of the Delaware River from the Falls of Trenton to the north limit of the Allegheny Mountain is a narrow border of land but a few test above the surface of the river. These strips, a little way from the river, are skirted by hills or mountains that rise up more or less abruptly to the height, in some places, of a hundred feet, in some places a thou- sand feet, in some places still higher. In many places the escarpments are mural, cliiF-like, or craggy. In a few places the strip of lowland extends back from the river to the distance of a mile or more, gradually ris- ing as it extends away. The narrow and deep trough forming the bed of the Delaware, its contiguous lowland borders, and the slope of the hills and mountains that skirt these borders constitute the Delaware Valley. That part of the Delaware Valley that lies within the limits of Hunterdon County consists of a low, narrow, irregular strip of land that extends along the east side of the river between Goat Hill on the south and the mouth of the Musconetcong River on the north. As a rule, the soil is sandy, loose, easy of till- age, and very fertile. BUNN VALLEY. At the mouth of the Hakihokake Rivulet the Dela- ware Valley widens out and extends back from the river to the distance of about six miles. This exten- sion of the lowlands of the Delaware is known as Bunn Valley. DRAINAGE. The main streams that serve as the drainage of the surface of Hunterdon County are the Delaware, 164 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. which flows along its western border, and the branches of the Raritan, that ramify like a network all the central and eastern part of the county. RIVERS AND RIVULETS. THE DELAWAEB BIVEE. That part of the Delaware which flows along the western border of our county abounds in rifts, is swift, shallow, rocky, subject to great extremes of depth, and in every way ill suited to navigation. In it are numerous small islands, some of which are tillable. In it, also, are numerous shoals. Near the southern limit of our county is Wells' Falls. This consists of a rapid and dangerous current swiftly flowing over ledges of indurated shale that, with interruptions, extend quite across the stream. From the earliest times this site has been a terror to the raft-men, and to such others as have at times sub- sisted by managing crafts upon this stream. How- ever, at last art has lent some aid, and now these falls are much less to be dreaded than they were a few years ago. Some six miles above Wells' Falls is another shoal, known as the Sow and Pigs. When the stream is low this site is said to be dangerous, but during high water this shoal can hardly be seen. At Point Pleasant another ledge of indurated shale extends across the river, rendering navigation danger- ous, excepting during a freshet. Near Ridge's Island is another ledge extending across the stream, which from the earliest times has been considered a place of danger. This is known as Tumbling Dam. Tributaries of the Delaware. — The Alexsocken is a small rivulet draining a small basin by the same name in the southwestern part of the county. It flows into the Delaware near Lambertville. In the upper part of its course it is a very rapid stream. It is fa- mous for that species of fish known as sucker. Vandolah' s Rill is a rapid and important little stream that flows into the canal a little north of the rooky knob called Gilbo. It affords excellent mill-seats. Wickecheooke is a strong, rapidly-flowing rivulet that rises along the counter-brow of the eastern part of the table-land anxi the southern slope of Quaker Ridge and flows southwestward into the Del- aware and Raritan Canal just south of the southern terminus of the table-land. In the upper part of its course it flows very sluggishly. Through the brow of the table-land it has eroded a very deep ravine. From this ravine to its terminus it is very strong and flows very rapidly, Lochatong is a rivulet that rises near the central part of that district known as the swamp. It flows almost south into the Delaware River, a little north of Huffnagle's Island. It drains the western part of the swamp. It has eroded a deep and dark ravine, possessing many features of interest, through the brow of the table-land. Warford's Bill is a small stream that flows into the Delaware opposite Ridge Island. Copper Bill flows from the western part of the table-land into the Delaware. Little Nishisahawich and the Greater Nishisakawick are rills that flow into the Delaware at Frenchtown. Harihohake is a rivulet that flows from the cen- tral part of the barrens southwestward into the Dela- ware. Hakihokake is a rivulet that flows from the south- ern slope of the Musconetcong Mountain into the Delaware at Milford. Musconetcong is a small river that flows from Lake Hopatcong southwestward into the Delaware. The water of this stream is noted for clearness. It is the home of the trout. In flow the Musconetcong is rapid. Propelled by it are numerous mills, factories, etc. This stream is the northern boundary of Hunterdon County. BRANCHES OF THE RARITAN RIVBK. The Lamington is a small river that flows along the eastern border of our county. Oold Brook is a rill that is tributary to the Lamington. North Bockaway rises in the highlands in Tewks- bury township, and flows southward into the Laming- ton. South Bockaway rises on the southern slope of the Fox Hills, and flows eastward into the North Rocka- way. Chambers' Brook flows from the eastern slope of Pickle's Mountain into the North Branch of the Rari- tan. Hollands' Brook flows from the southeast slope of Pickle's Mountain into the South Branch. CampbelFs Brook flows from the southern slope of Pickle's Mountain southeastward into the South Branch. The South Branch flows from Budd's Lake, in Schooley's Mountain, southwestward, then southeast- ward, then northeastward, till it joins the North Branch to form the Raritan. It is a river of great importance. Along it, and propelled by its waters, are numerous flouring-mills, saw-mills, factories, and the like. The flow of this stream is so gentle that it is controlled with the greatest ease. Spruce Biviilet flows from the southwestern slope of Schooley's Mountain southward into the South Branch. Mulhockaway is a rivulet that rises upon Jug Moun- tain and flows westward into Spruce Run. Cakepoulin flows from the barrens eastward into the South Branch. Bush Kill is a rill that is tributary to the South Branch. Neshanic is a rivulet that rises upon the water-shed that divides the Red Shale Valley from the Delaware Valley, and flows eastward into the South Branch. Its flow is gentle. Its waters propel numerous mills, etc. It has several important tributaries. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 165 Mine Brook flows from the eastern slope of the table- land southward into the Neshanic, which also receives the waters of Walnut and Sand brooks and Malard rivulet. As a rule, the rivulets that discharge into the Eari- tan flow gently. Those that discharge into the Dela- ware flow slowly in the upper and longer part, but very rapidly through the last part of the course. For a bed each has excavated a ravine, which in some cases is very deep. This happens from the circum- stance that the table-lands drained by the rivulets flowing into the Delaware are skirted by slopes that are very steep. The Alexsocken in its course de- scends about four hundred feet, although the length of the stream is only about nine miles. The Neshanic descends only about one hundred and fifty feet, al- though its course is over twenty miles long. SPRINGS. The permanent springs of Hunterdon County are numerous and excellent. The most famous, so far as known, are: Martindale's Spring, near Basaltic Clifi', is not affected by the severest drought. The temperature of the water is very little influenced by the heat of sum- mer : in August a thermometer plunged into it stood at 54° Fahr. Spring on Basaltic Cliff farm is not affected per- ceptibly by the severest drought; temperature in August, 56° Fahr. Spring near Fisher's Peak is not affected by drought ; temperature in August, 60° Fahr. The water of these springs is famous. In quality there is very little difference. Spring from which Yandolah's Rill flows is not af- fected by drought ; temperature in August, 57° Fahr. Spring in the woods on B. Larison's farm is perma- nent; temperature in August, 56° Fahr. Spring in J. S. WUson's milk-house, above Head- quarters, is permanent; temperature in August, 53 J° Fahr. Spring in the woods below Headquarters, near the roadside, is permanent; temperature Ln August, 54° Fahr. Cold Spring, at the still-house near Sand Brook, is permanent ; temperature in August, 52J° Fahr. The above springs all flow from sandy soils. In every case the water is soft and free from ferruginous properties. The springs found in the loamy soils of the Red Shale Valley are generally much affected by drought. Their water is generally hard, and during the summer it becomes quite warm. I know of no spring surrounded by loamy or clayey soil in the Red Shale Valley that in August has a temperature as low as 64° Fahr. ' In the swamp permanent springs are numerous. The water of them is generally soft and somewhat colored, and very much affected by the heat of sum- mer. Upon the table-land north of the Quaker Ridge the water of the springs is generally soft, cool, and clear. Indeed, this region is famed for the excellency of its springs and wells. CLIMATE. Although subject to great extremes in temperature and humidity, the climate of Hunterdon County is salubrious. The prevailing wind blows from a point a little south of west. At the beginning of a storm the wind usually blows from the southeast. Although this is the rule, to it there are many ejsceptions. Sometimes during the whole time of a storm the wind blows from the south. Indeed, our heaviest rainfalls often occur when the wind is blowing from this quar- ter. An east wind without variation as to direction frequently attends a storm. A northeast wind is not common, but when it occurs it is usually very severe. The winds most dreaded in Hunterdon are those blowing from the south and those blowing from the northeast. In the main, the winds pass over the surface of Hunterdon County in such a way as to keep the at- mosphere of each valley in proper commotion. To this rule, however, there is one marked exception : this is the valley of the Delaware. From the mouth of the Harihohake Creek to Point Pleasant the river flows almost directly south ; from Point Pleasant to Brookville it flows east-southeast; from Brookville to Well's Falls it flows south-southeast. Of this valley, then, there are two sections which are so situated that our most salubrious winds (the westerly) meet them at almost right angles. It happens, too, that through- out these sections the valley is deep. On both sides the surface rises up abruptly into hills ranging in height from one hundred and fifty to three hundred and fifty feet. Hence, in its course the westerly wind, passing from hilltop to hilltop, sweeps over this narrow deep valley in such a way as to leave that volume of air beneath the level of the hilltops undis- turbed. In this quiet air of these sections of this valley accumulate the efluvia of the animals, both living and dead, and the malaria incident to growing plants, as well as to such as are undergoing decompo- sition. Here then are fit habitats for bacteria and spores, the germs of disease. Hence, in these valleys prevail epidemics, — malarial fever, scarlatina, diphtheria, and the like. The atmosphere of these sections of this valley is subject to great extremes. During severely cold weather the thermometers at Lambertville and French- town show a temperature several degrees lower than that upon the neighboring hills. During extremely hot weather this is reversed, and the temperature at these two places is notably higher than it is on the uplands adjacent. This may be learned by examin- ing the following figures, which show the temperature at Lambertville, at Ringos, and at Cherryville during the cold morning of Jan. 29, 1873. At Lambertville 166 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 1.66 2.37 1.79 3.60 3.S7 6.29 4.92 2.00 2.12 ,09 6.42 2.42 6.11 8.03 10,43 3.49 2.63 2.31 .24 2.46 1.89 2.46 G.68 3.43 the mercury stood at sixteen degrees below zero ; at Ringos it was ten degrees below; while at Cherry - ville it was only two degrees below. RAINFALL. The amount of pluvial water is not constant in Hunterdon. From year to year it varies within nar- row limits. To.eshibit the status of rainfall as ac- curately as possible, I will subjoin a table compiled from the records kept at the Academy of Science and Art at Eingos since the 1st of January, 1876 : PLUVI.iL WATER. Depth in Inches. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. Jannary 1.16 3.09 4.34 Ffibruary 4.67 1.79 2.48 March , 8.19 6.73 2.61 April 2.19 2.00 1.62 May 2.76 .96 3.98 June 1.77 4.86 3 89 July 4.09 6.03 3.94 August 1.S6 6.37 4.64 September 6.22 2.99 6.62 October 94 8.46 4.60 November 6.44 6.61 3.46 December 2.63 1.04 6.00 42.11 60.81 47.78 47.65 40.43 GEOLOGY OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. The rocks of Hunterdon County belong either to the Archaean Age, to the Potsdam Epoch of the primor- dial period of the Silurian Age, to the calciferous epoch of the Canadian period of the Silurian Age, to the triassic period of the Reptilian Age, to the glacial period of the Quaternary Age, or to the mod- ern era of the recent period of the Quaternary Age. ABCHiBAN AGE. In Hunterdon County the area occupied by rocks of the Archaean Age extends from the Delaware River, a little south of the confluence of the Musoonetcong River with the Delaware, northeastward to the county line. The northern border of this area is in the Mus- oonetcong Valley. At the Delaware the area is not more than two miles wide ; at Spruce Run it is about four miles wide; east of this stream the southern' boundary extends southeast to Round Valley, making the area between this valley on the south and the Musoonetcong on the north not less than eight miles wide. From this point eastward to the county line it gradually widens. Within the limits above cited there is an area of limestone, a part of the German Valley limestone formation. Along the northwestern border, except- ing a short span, is the limestone of the Musoonetcong Valley. Upon the southern side is the Triassic area, the Little York area of limestone, and the Clinton area of limestone. To this formation belong the Musoonetcong Moun- tain, Schooley's Mountain, and the Fox Hills. These elevations form a part of that group of hills and mountains that is usually called the Highlands. The term Archaean, signifying "the beginning," as relates to the time when the mountains were made, is more expressive, and is the appellation by which we shall call the group or system. The I'ocks existing in this area are all stratified. They are nowhere horizontal ; on the contrary, they are very much inclined. Nor is the inclination regular. At some places they are almost horizontal ; at others they are almost vertical. In short, we may say that the dip ranges from 0° to 90°. Of the Archaean rocks, the strike .in general is northeast nnd southwest; the dip, southeast. Composition of the rocks. — The strata of the Archaean area in Hunterdon County consist of gneiss and mag- netic iron ore. A very lucid description of these rocks is given by Prof Cook, in the " Geology of New Jer- sey, 1868," from which the following extracts are taken : " The term gneiss, in accordance with the usage of the country, is ap- plied to any crystalline and stratified rock wliich ia composed of feldspar and quartz, with small quantities of mica, hornblende, magnetite, or other simple mineral. Syenite and syenilic gneiss are the names frequently and properly applied to this kind of rock. The gneiss of the Highlands (ArchoBan mountains) is characterized by the almost entire absence of mica. Feldspar makes up from two-thirds to three-fourths of the rock, and the rest is mainly quartz. Hornblende is usually found in it in suf- ficient quantity to affect the color, and sometimes it makes up the largest portion of the rocky mass ; this, however, ia not common. The quartz is generally in grains, which are flattened in the direction of the stratifica- tion, and which in size range from an eighth to a half inch in the plane of the stratum, and from one-Bi.\teentb to an eighth of an inch in thiok- ness. In some coaree-grained specimens the grains of quartz are larger, and not so much flattened. The feldspar varies in color and euae of do- composition, and these peculiarities give the prominent characters of the rocks tliroughout the whole region. In somo specimens the foldepar is so hard and unchangeable that it can easily be mistaken for quartz; in others it isopaque, harsh to thetouch, and crumbling; and in othera still it is entirely decomposed, and only a mass of soft earth, with the quartz grains and the stratification, remains. The color of the feldspar varies from the bluish and translucent to flesh-colored, white, and opaque, and specimens of a greenish tinge are aometimcs seen. " No better idea of the varieties to be found in tliia rock can be given than by a description of the apecies met with in passing across the for- mation from one side to the other. The following specimens collected on these eectioua will illustrate the point mentioned ; " Delaware Jiivej- Sectiov. — In the ledges expoaed in the aouthwest end of the Musconetcung Mountain the rock is generally a light-colored mixture of feldspar and quartz, with a little hornblende. A few beds of coarsely crystalline gneiaa or gneissoid granite occur in the aoriea. Of ten specimena selected ns representatives of the mountain, five are very fine-grained, compact, grayish in color, and consiat of feldspar, quartz, and hornblende. Three specimens have the same mineral composition and shade of color as the preceding, but aro more coarsely granular. The remaining two apecimena are made up of quartz and fleah-colored feld- apar in quite large massea. Theae, like the flret-described rocks, are compaxit and hard. Nearer Riegelsville a low cut along the railroad ex- poses a greenish-gray gneiaa, conaisting of feldapar and quartz intimately mixed. *' Section along the Central and Warren Railroadfi. — Three specimens from railroad cut west of Lebanon: (1) One feldspar and hornblende in equal proportions, with scarcely any quartz ; (2) One (prevailing type) feldspar, with small percentage of quartz and very little hornblende; (3) One hornblendic, fine-grained, with conaiderable plumbago. Theae are all friable, and known commonly as ' rotten rock.' " Central Railroad Cut east of High Bridge ; four spooimms.— One a gran- itoid mass of Qoarsely cryalallino feldspar and quartz, with scales of grar phite: this is Arm and solid; one hornblende and J'eldspar in small grains, crumbling; one (type specimen) feldspar and quartz, hard and tough ; one feldspar, ijuartz, and liornblende, coarsely crystalline, and compact, with scales of graphite through it. "In railroad cut next west of High Bridge the common variety of rock la a mixture of quartz, feldapar, and hornblondo in amall grains, dlaintograted. From the cut about one mile northwest of High Bridge PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 167 two specimens: one light-colored and fine-grained, feldspar and horu- blende, the former Id- excess; one dark-colored and fine-grained feldspar and hornblende, but with the latter in excess. Both specimens in seama, firm and solid. Another specimen contained magnetite. In the cut near Clarksville one specimen, consisting of a greenish feldspar, with quartz in very small grains, almost amorphous ; rock tough and of the common variety. "North of the railroad, at Banghart's Copper Mine, the rock is dark- colored and very fine-grained, and contains copper pyrites scattered in small strings through it. At the cut east of Hampton Junction two varieties were obtained, — one a coarsely crystalline mosH of feldspar and hornblende, light-colored and slightly decayed : thefeldspar is chalky ; one feldspar, hornblende, and a little quartz, also coarse-grained; in this the feldspar is flesh-colored. From the Wan-en Ballroad cut west of the Junction one specimen (common variety), feldspar and quartz, the for- mer chalky in appearance, fine-grained, and crumbling. In the cut near Changewater one specimen, a greenish, tough rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz. Out east of Washington shows a rotten gneiss composed of feldspar and quartz, — coarse. " Van Neat Gap Timnel. — Greenish-gray, hard rock, feldspar, quartz, and hornblende. Some of the rock pinkish tinge. "The chemical composition of the rocks of this formation is a subject of much interest. Hitherto the country in "which they are found has been considered poor and little capable of improvement. But gradually the farmer has been encroaching upon them, and turning these unprom- ising hills into fruitful fields. It is observed that the rocks are in many places subject to rapid decay, and that in such localities the soil is sus- ceptible of high cultivation. It becomes, then, a matter of inquiry as to the cause of this decay, and also whether it can be controlled or has- tened by art. It is mucli too long an inquiry foi a survey of this kind, and the remark is thrown out in the way of suggestion, hoping that it may find response in the minda of those who are in circumstances to carry out the investigation. " In the gneiss-rock the chief mineral constituents are quartz, feldspar, and hornblende. Of these, feldspar and hornblende are the only ones capable of decomposition, and the former is by far the most abundant of the two. Feldspar is of several varieties, of which three may be noticed liere, — those containing potash, those containing soda, and those con- taining soda and lime. " It has been long known that the soda and the soda-and-lime feldspars were much more easily decomposed than the potash feldspars, that the action of carbonic acid, and perhaps other atmospheric agencies, would cause the feldspars containing soda and lime to decay and fall to pieces, ■while they would exert but a very slight influence on that containing potash. Some trials have been made to verify these observations. " A soft and crumbling feldspar from a cut in the Central Railroad a.bove High Bridge was found to have the following composition: Silica 57.4 Alumina and a little oxide of iron.. 1^6.4 Lime 10.3 Soda Potash.. Water.., 1.8 .7 " Magnetite, or Magnelic Iron Ore.— This occurs sometimes in beds, form- ing parts of a stratum, sometimes in masses or of limited extent, some- times in grains disseminated through the layers of gneiss rock. Prof. Ckjok says the ore is known to mineralogists under the name of mag- netite and magnetic iron ore, and to chemists as magnetic, or black oxide of iron. It consists of 72.4 per cent, of iron, 27.6 per cent, of oxygen, when pure. It is black in mass, and also in powder, and it gives a black streak when scratched ; it has a metallic lustre, and is attracted by the magnet, though not always itself magnetic. Its specific gravity varies from 4.98 to 5.20. Its crystalline form is a regular octohedron, but as usually found it is in irregular grains or in compact masses. It is about as hard as feldspar, ranging in the mineralogist's scale from 5.5 to 6.5. It most resembles hornblende, but can at once be distinguished by being attracted by the magnet. « Ab an ore it la always found mixed with more or less rock, the rock being sometimes in grains and at other times in large masses or in strati- fied streaks. The rock is the usual one of the Azoic region ; gneiss, ■syenite, hornblende, feldspar, limestone, etc., and grains of phosphate of lime are common in some of the ores. Iron pyrites are found in minute quantity in many of the ores, and in some places so much is found as to render the ore unfit for the present modes of working. In some of the 'Ores in limestone graphite is found. " The ore is found in beds or layers which are conformable to the gneiss in which they lie. They are also founij mixed in with the rock in all proportions, from 1 to 100 per cent. ; and where it is found pure it is not uncommon to find it gradually becoming impure by the mixture of more and more rock until the ore is all gone. It is not separated from the rock by well-defined marks of division, as is the case with the metallic ores is in true veins, neither is there a peculiar gangue-rock, such as in ti-ue veins; hut the rock is the common one of the formation." The magnetite of the Archaean formation is mined at several sites. The following locations are given by Prof. Cook: " Bethlehem Mine, in Bethlehem township, Hunterdon Co., three-quar- ters of a mile southeast of Valley Station, on the Central Railroad. This mine was not in operation when visited, and there is no information as to its extent. " Van Sickle*8 Jlfine, in Union township, Hunterdon Co., just back of Bethlehem Methodist church. It is an old mine, abandoned for nearly a hundred years, and reopened in 1864. When visited, the old mine, forty feet deep, had been cleared out and sunk twenty feet deeper. The ore was ten or eleven feet thick, and had been worked along northeast and southwest fifteen or twenty feet. No smooth walls had then been found. The ore contains some rock, which resembles chlorite and is rather lean. The ore is black, with a bright and reddish lustre. Another vein northwest of the first had been opened, and some ore in a breadth of seven feet had been taken out, but it was very lean. There was a good deal of attraction in the fields northeast of the mine, and ore can probably be found in some other places than those now opened. " Asbury Mine, in Bethlehem township, Hunterdon Co., one and a half miles southeast of Asbury, and on the side of Musconetcong Mountain. It was not in operation when visited. The compass showed attraction at the mine ; it did not indicate any extension of the vein either northeast or southwest. " BangharVs Mine, in Lebanon township, Hunterdon Co., one mile northeast of Gardneraville, on Abraham Banghart's land. There are three openings where the rock is found to contain a considerable amount of iron pyrites and some copper pyrites. The explorations have been made hoping to find ore in quantity, but so far without success. There is no regular or continuous attraction about the openinga. " High Bridge Mines, in Clinton and Lebanon townships, Hunterdon Co., ou the northwest side of the North Branch of the Raritan, and a quarter of a mile north of the Central Railroad at High Bridge. This mine is said to have been opened one hundred and fifty years ago, and during almost the whole of that period it supplied ore for the use of the Solitude forge, and, before the Revolution, for Union furnace. It has yielded a large quantity of excellent ore. The only difficulty experi- enced in getting out any amount of the ore has been that there was on the hanging-wall a thick layer of pyritous ore which was not thought fit to work in a forge, and yet it had to be taken out, thus increasing the cost of extracting the pure ore which was on the foot-wall. A few years since there was a pile of many hundred tons of this pyritous ore which had been lying for years. It had become very red and rusty, and so much of the pyrites had decomposed and formed copperas and been dis- solved out by the rain that the ore was found to be of excellent quality for the forge. The modern processes of working ores allow the whole of these to be used now, and the mine is being actively worked by the Thomas Iron Company. The workings, altogether, extend along on the vein for near three-quarters of a mile, and in some places has been sunk on to a depth of two hundred feet. The vein is irregular in thickness, widening out to eighteen feet in breadth, and then pinching in to two and a half feet. The dip of the vein is towards the southeast sixty-five degrees. There is fault of twenty feet in the vein towards its northeast end. An adit was driven in from the side hill upon the strike of this vein which has done much to relieve it of water. The openings recently made towards the southwest end of the vein are on the property of Mr. Creger. " Analysis of Ores from High Bridge Mines. 1, 2. , 75.1 Magnetic iron ore Silica and insoluble matter 15.4 Sulphur 0-0 Phosphoric acid T^^ Metallic iron, percent 54.4 91.9 5.4 0.0 0.3 " 1 ia from the Old mine, now owned by the Thomas Iron Company ; 2 is the best ore from the Lehigh Valley Iron C DoMi Rex va. D. Malonet. } " (Confessed that he waB guilty of breaking ye stocks about ye ower of one or two in the morning on ye fourth day of July laBt." Each was ordered to pay his part for repairing the " stocks," and ten shillings costs thereon, and to stand committed till the fine was paid. In 1725 (July 6th), Edmond Beeks asked the court to recognize his claim to the services of a boy aged about twelve years. The court ordered that the boy remain in the possession of George Green, of Amwell, until August 16th, and appointed Samuel Green, An- drew Smith, and John Knowles to examine into the case, with authority to bind the lad out until he was twenty-one if they found Mr. Beeks had no legal claim upon him. At the same time Martha Heath was bound out by the court to William Snowdon, of Trenton, until she was eighteen. May 13, 1726, Arthur Howell was appointed by the court " doctor of ye county." In March of the same year indictments were brought against Thomas Shird, "one of ye attorneys of the court," for taking ex- travagant fees of one Vroom ; Jacob and Isaac An- derson, for stealing a book entitled the " New Testa- ment," belonging to John Titus, and, at the meeting of the grand jury next year, against Jacob Anderson, " for stealing a horse-bell" ! In May, 1728, " Albertus Opdyke came into court and swore upon the Holley Evangelist of Almighty God that the Hog that was in dispute between Ralph Hunt and himself was not his." Ordered that Ralph Hunt pay Albertus Opdyke fifteen shillings and ninepence. At the October term, 1732, the court ordered the " managers of the publick money" to forthwith cause to be built " a good and sufficient pair of stocks and whipping-post, to be placed by the prison." The following is an account of the singular trials of the Rev. William Tennent and others in 1744: " About the year 1744 there was an unusual attention to religion in this part of the country. The Rev. Wm. Tennent and the Rev. John Rowland were considerably instrumental in calling the attention of the people to spiritual concerns. Mr. Rowland's popularity and success was such as to draw upon him the enmity of those who disregarded religious truth, and among the number was the chief justice of the State, the sou of Lewis Morris, Esq., then Governor. He was a member of the Council, as well as the head of the judiciary. The appointment of young Morris to this oflHce was highly reprobated by the people, who opposed the union of the legislative and judiciary, and more especially as this union was in the person of the son of the Governor.* ' " At this time there was a man traveling about the country by the name of Tom Bell, of notoriously bad character. It happened one even- ing that Mr. John Stockton, of Princeton, met with Bell at a tavern in that place and addressed him a^ Mr. Rowland. Bell told him his mis- take. Mr. Stockton informed him that his error had arisen from his re- markable resemblance to Mr. Rowland. This hint was sufBcient for Bell. The next day he went into a neighboring town of Hunterdon County, where Mr. Rowland had preached once or twice, and introduced himself as the Rev. Mr. Rowland who had before preached for them, and he was invited to ofBciate for them the next Sabbath. "Bell received the kindest attention of the family where he stayed until the next Sabbath, when he rode with the family in their wagon to church ; just before reaching which Bell discovered that he had left his ■- Mulford's History, p. 345. COURTS AND COUNTY BUILDINGS. 19» nolea behind, and proposed to the master of the family, who rode by the wagon on a fine horse, to take his horse and ride back, that he might get his notes and return in time for the service. To this the gentleman as- sented, and Bell mounted the horse, rode hack to the house, rifled the desk of his host, and made off with the horse; and wherever he stopped he called himself the Rev. Mr. Rowland. " At this time the Bev. Messrs. Tennent and Rowland, with Mr. Joshua Auderson and Bei^amiii Stevens, were in Maryland or Pennsylvania on business of a religious nature. Soon after their return to New Jersey, Mr. Rowland was charged with the robbery. At the court the judge with great severity charged the jury to find a bill. But it was not until they had been sent out the fourth time, with threats from the judge, that they agreed upon a bill for the alleged crime. " On the trial Messrs. Tennent, Anderson, and Stevens appeared as witnesses, and fully proved an alibi; ... bo Mr. Rowland was ac- quitted, to the great disappointment and mortification of his prosecutors. . . . Their vengeance, therefore, was directed against those pei-sons by whose testimony Rowland had been cleared, and ikey were accordingly accused of perjury, and, on ex^arte testimony, the grand jury found bills of indictment against Messrs. Tennent, Anderson, and Stevens * for will- ful and corrupt peijury.' , . . These indictments were removed to the Supreme Court But Mr, Anderson, living in the county, and feeling his entire innocence, and being unwilling to lie under the imputation of peijury, demanded a trial at the first Court of Oyer and Terminer. " He was accordingly tried, pronounced guilty, and sentenced to stand on the court-house steps one hour with a paper on his breast, on which was written in large letters 'This is for vrillful and corrupt peijury.' And the sentence was executed. " Messrs. Tennent and Stevens were bound over to appear at the next court. " They attended, having employed Mr. John ^Joxe, an eminent lawyer, to conduct their defense. Mr. Tennent knew of no person living by whom he could prove his innocence, . . . and, consideiiug it as probable that he might suffer, he had prepared a sermon to preach from the pil- loiy, if that should be his fate. On his arrival at Trenton he found Mr. Smith, of New York, one of the ablest lawyers in America, and a relig- ious man, who had volunteered in his defense ; also Mr. John Kinsey, one of the first counselors of Philadelphia, who had come by request of Gilbert Tennent (his brother) for the same purpose, Messrs. Tennent and Stevens met these gentlemen at Mr. Coxe's the morning before the trial was to come on. Mr, Coxe wished them to bring in their witnesses, that they might examine them before going into court. Mr. Tennent replied that he did not know of any witness but GJod and his own con- science. Mr. Coxe replied, ' If you have no witnesses, sir, the trial must be put off; othervrise, you will most certainly be defeated. Tour enemiep are making great exertions to ruin you.' 'I am sensible of this,' said Mr. Tennent ; ' yet it never shall be said that T have delayed the trial or been afraid to meet the justice of my country. I know my innocence, and that God whom I serve will not give me over into the hands of the enemy. Therefore, gentlemen, go on with the trial.' Messrs. Smith and Kinsey told him that his confidence and trust in Grod as a Christian min- ister of the gospel were well founded, and before a heavenly tribunal would be all-important to him, but assured him that they would not avail in an earthly court, and urged his consent to put off the trial. But Mr. Tennent utterly refused. "Mr. Coxe told him that there was a flaw in the indictment of which he might avail himself. After hearing an explanation from Mr. Coxere- specting the nature of the error, Mr. Tennent declared that he would rather suffer death than consent to such a course. Mr. Stevens, however, seized the opportunity afforded, and was discharged. Mr. Coxe still urged Mr. Tennent to have the tri^l put ofi; . . . but Mr. T. insisted that they should proceed, and left them, they not knowing how to act, when the bell summoned them to court. " Mr. Tennent had not walked fax before he was met by a man and wife, who asked if his name was notTennent. He told them it was, and asked if they had any business with him. " The man said they had come from the place in Pennsylvania or Mary- land where, at a particular time, Messrs. Rowland, Tennent, Anderson, and Stevens had lodged, and in the house where they were; that on the next day they had heard Messrs. Tennent and Rowland preach ; that a few nights before they (the man and wife) iad left home, on waking out of a sound sleep, both had dreamed that Mr. Tennent was at Trenton in the greatest distress, and that it was in their power, and theirs only, to re- lieve him. This dream was twice repeated to them both, and so deep was the impression made on their minds that they had come to Trenton and wished to know of him what they were to do. •* Mr. T. took them before liis counsel, who, after pxamining them and finding the testimony of the man and his wife full and to the purpose,, were perfectly astonished. Before the trial began, another person came to Mr. T. and told him that he was so troubled in mind for the part he had taken in the prosecution that he could find no rest till he hsid deter- mined to come out and make a full confession. Mr. T. sent this man to his counsel. Soon after, Mr. Stockton, Irom Princeton, appeared and added his testimony. " On trial, the advocates of the defendant ao traced every movement of Mr. Tennent on the Saturday, Sabbath, and Monday — the time of the theft and robbery by Bell — that the jury did not hesitate to acquit Mr. Tennent. " Thiis was Mr. Tennent, by the remarkable interposition of Divine Providence, delivered out of the hands of his enemies."* The court records of the year 1776 present two very dissimilar forms of expressing the time of holding its- sessions, indicative of the impending struggle for in- dependence. The May term opened " at the court- house in Trenton, on the first Tuesday in May, in the 16tk year of the Reign of King George the Third /" the August term, " in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-six/' At the August term of 1778 inquisition was brought by the State against thirty-three persons " for going to the army of the King of Great Britain," and, on default to appear, commissioners were ordered to ad- vertise their property agreeably to law. This was sold, and the proceeds reverted to the State. In 1785 the courts first met at Flemington, although the court-house was not erected until 1791, — a delay occasioned, most likely, by the "troublous times" fol- lowing the Revolutionary war. In 1784, Orphans' Courts were established in this State, and provision was made by law for one surro- gate being appointed in each county, whose power was limited to the county. The original jurisdiction of the ordinary remained as before, until, in 1820, it was restricted to the granting of probates of wills, letters of administration, letters of guardianship, and to the hearing and final determining of disputes that may arise thereon. In these matters it is still con- current with that of the Surrogates' and Orphans' Courts, and from all orders and decrees of the Orphans' Courts an appeal may be taken to the prerogative court. Prior to 1844 the surrogate was appointed by the joint meeting of the Legislature ; the new con- stitution provided for his election by a popular vote.f In the first volume of records of the Orphans'^ Court of Hunterdon County, in the surrogate's office at Flemington, the following is the first entry : " May Term, 1785, Saturday, 14:th.— At an Orphans' Court holden at Trenton, in and for the county of Hunterdon. Present, Joseph Beading,. Jared Sexton, Robert L. Hooper, Joseph Beavers, Esquires, Judges. Proclamation made, and the court opened for all persons who will sue or * complain. . . . The court adjourned agreeably to law." From the above it appears that no business was transacted, the first evidence of which is of date " A-trGUST Term (6th day), 1785. " Proclamation made, and the court opened. Present, Joseph Reading^ Jared Saxton, Joseph Beavers, Esq", judges. Sarah Hall presented a pe- tition to the court praying that Conrad Kotts may be appointed guardiaa * " Log CoUege," by A. Alexander, D.D., p. 189. f Elmer's O-onst. and Gav. of New Jersey, pp. 12, 13. 200 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. to her son, Tbomas Hall ; and the said Conrad Kotts appearing in court with Archibald Yard, his secnrity, and offering to accept said trust, or- dered by the court that the prayer of the petition be granted, and that the surrogate take bonds," etc. The settlement of the estate of Francis Tomlinson, deceased, was ordered by the court, and on citation for settlement of the estate of Maurice Robeson, deceased (John Eockhill "surviving executor" ), " Mr. Smith ap- pearing for executor," it was " ordered that John Eock- hill attend before the surrogate of the county at Pitts Town on Wednesday the 23d of Nov'' next at ten o'clock in the forenoon for the purpose of settlement." Similar orders were made in the cases of " Andrew Keephart, administrator of Jacobus Johnson, dec'd, against Cornelius Johnson, surviving exec' of Cor- nelius Johnson, dec'd," and " John Case & Others, Legatees, &°, ag" Peter & Mathias Case, ex" of An- thony Case, deceased." Court then "adjourned ac- cording to law." The first grand jury (which was May term of court, 1838), after a portion of Mercer County was taken from Hunterdon County, was summoned by John Eunk, sheriff, and was composed of the follow- ing: John Eockafellow, Henry S. Hunt, George Opdycke, Isaac E. Srope, Henry Disborough, Eichard Bennett, Adam M. Bellis, Morgan Scudder, James B. Green, Joseph Huffman, John Eamsey, Amos Hart, Benjamin S. Hill, John Vanderbeek, James Cooley, Larason Stryker, William H. Johnson, Eichard S. Demott, Joseph Boss, Nelson Thatcher, Tunis Smith. The first colored person to serve as a juror in Hunterdon County figured in a case before Esq. Angel, June 18, 1873.* Three persons only have been convicted of murder in this county. The first, James "Van Atta, of Alex- andria, a white man of about thirty years of age, shot a neighbor with whom he was at enmity, and buried him in the forest ; he was hung in July, 1794. The second was a slave named Brom, who killed a fellow- slave in his master's kitchen with a trammel ; he ex- piated his crime on the gallows Nov. 11, 1803. These executions took place in the upper part of Fleming- ton, near the Eeading mansion. The last case of capi- tal punishment was the hanging of James Guise,t the colored boy, for the willful murder of his aged mistress, in Hopewell, with an ox-yoke. He was hung Nov. 28, 1828, the gallows being erected in a field west of the village of Flemington, near the road to Centre Bridge. His trial was one of unusual interest, and memorable in the annals of this county. James ' Guise, commonly known as "Little Jim," was a colored boy about fourteen years of age, idle and vicious. He murdered Mrs. Beaks, an old lady with whom he lived in Hopewell. Eefused a gun for which he had asked her, he struck her with a piece of a neck-yoke, the prongs of which inflicted mortal *" Our Home," 1873. t Barber and Howe's " Hist. Coll. of New Jersey" erroneously giTes the name as James Bunn. The records plainly say Guise. wounds. Tie trial, which commenced the first Tues- day in May, 1828, was largely attended. Sixteen witnesses appeared for the State, and three for the defense. Upon the bench during that term sat the Hons. George R. Drake, associate justice of the Su- preme Court, George Eea, David Stout, Luther Op- dyke, and John Thompson. William Halstead, Esq., was counsel for the State, and Messrs. Saxton, Clark, Scott, and Prall were assigned by the court to de- fend the prisoner. The jury brought in a verdict of " Guilty in manner and form as he stands indicted, and so we say all." Joseph W. Scott, Esq., moved that judgment be respited, to get the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court, which was granted till the "fourth Tuesday of October next." October 9th James Guise was brought into court, the same judges being on the bench, "And at the said court at Flemington aforesaid the said James Guise being set at the bar and being asked if he had anything to say why the court should not pronounce sentence of death against him, he answered. No ; whereupon, on motion for judgment for the State, the court order that the said James Guise be taken from hence to the place from whence he came, and that on Friday, the 28th day of November next, between the hours of ten in the morning and two in the afternoon, he be taken to the place of execution and be hanged by the neck until he be dead."J From that date to the present time no death-sen- tence has been pronounced in Hunterdon County. This trial, conviction, and sentence formed a source of great excitement among the people of Hunterdon, and, while a few plead for his deliverance on the score of his youth, the great masses felt that justice ought to take her course, — that the young wretch should suffer the penalty of the law. The Supreme Court, to whom the question was submitted, saw fit not to reverse the verdict. In prison " Little Jim" manifested the same ma- lignity of disposition that had characterized his for- mer life, and which is often found in the full-blooded, ignorant, and superstitious Guinea negro. It is said he would glare upon those who passed the grating of his cell " with looks that made stout hearts quail. He had listened with curious interest to the proceedings of his trial, and caught up many parts of the forms of law used in the court-room. In his cell mice would scamper across the floor, and he with cat-like dex- terity would catch them. At one time he succeeded in capturing thirteen and tying them fast with a string. Twelve he constituted into a jury ; the thir- teenth, a reckless little dark-colored mouse, was forced to play the culprit. The trial being over, Jim^ would say to the poor little mouse, ' Now, you wicked little nigger, you know you killed that old woman ! How say you, gentlemen of the jury, guilty or not guilty?' ' Guilty I' and the offender's body would soon dangle from a string." Thousands came to Flemington to witness this, the last execution within the limits of Hunterdon County. An immense crowd had gathered, in wagons, standing X Court Record. COURTS AND COUNTY BUILDINGS. 201 or sitting wherever they could. As the culprit stood upon the fatal drop, the cap drawn over his eyes, by a cunning movement unknown to the sheriff he slipped up the cap, and when the pin was removed he caught his toes on the edge of the platform, his eyes wide open, staring at the cro^wd. The people turned away horrified, while the slieriff was compelled to return to the scafibld and push the culprit's feet^from the plant. This was the end of " Little Jim !" " ' COUNTY BUILBINGS. The first court-house of Hunterdon County, after Flemington became the county-seat, was erected in the summer of 1791. It was on the site of the present buildings, and was constructed of stone brought "from Large's land in Kingwood." The history of this edifice, as it appears in the records, is as fojlows : At the first meeting, held at Flemingtqn, of the board of justices and freeholders of Hunterdon County, Jan. 3, 1791, " the question being put what sum should be raised forbuilding court hous, gaol, etc., it was carried for the sum of twenty-five hundred pounds." Col. John Taylor, Col. William Chamber- lain, and John Snyder were appointed a committee to make a draft of a plan for the same. The board met at the house of George Alexander, January 27th. The record states that " Mr. George Alexander appeared before the Board and offered half an acre of land free gratis for the use of building the Court-house, Gaol, and Gaol-yard, on the southeast corner of bis IJwelling-Honse Lott, exclusive of the Beads, which was accepted, and said buildings is to be erected thereon accordingly. The several plans were then brought forward by the committee appointed for that purpose, when a plan of sixty feet by thirty-five feet, two stories high, the first story nine feet high, the second story fourteen feet high, and to be finished complete agreeable to Plan, was adopted," William Chamberlain, Thomas Stout, and Joseph Atkinson were appointed managers. " A motion was made and seconded to take a vote whetlier the man- agers should employ workmen by the Day or by the Qrate ; it was car- ried for the latter. The managers are to draw money from time to time as occasion may require for the purpose of defraying the expenses of said building, and to render account of the expenditure of the same to the Justices and chosen Freeholdei's when thereunto required by said Board." In this connecticffi the deed for the court-house lot is given, as being of historic value. It is recorded in Volume A of deeds of Hunterdon County, p. S&i : - " George Alexander "^ " ' to' The Boaju) of Justices asd Fa^eholdeks oe the County of Hintehdon. " This indenture, made the fifteenth day of March, in tlie fifteenth year of the Independence of America, Annoque Domini one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, Between George Alexander of Flemington, in the township of Aniwell, in the county of Hunterdon and State of New Jersey, innkeeper, of the one part, and tlie hoard of justices and chosen freeholders of the county of Hunterdon of the other part. Whereas the court-house and g^cB (afgr^gaid forth© purposes aforesaid, at which time andpl^cg^the inha;bitajQtp;of said^^ounty met and proceeded as directed by the law'.'anc^ on the' votes* ieing cast up, it appeared that A m&j'orit^ was for Ihe court-house anifl gaol to be built at Flemington (which is in thetownsbiprfif AmweU,in the county of Hjinterdon), as by :tlie certificate of the paid §he4fF and, inspectors of the said election which is in the followii^ words, — viz.: We do hereby certify to all whom if may concern that at an'elecfio'n "beguii on the twelfth instant and ended this day agreeable to-an actof thefficgislature of the State of New Jersey passed at Perth -iLmboy thetwen^^jUi day of May last for the purpose of fixing on a place for "building a court- house and gaol for the county of Hunt^rdorij theiowii'6f riemiugton^ extending half a mile on each of t^e public roads from ihh house of George Alexander, innkeeper in said town ^ was fixed by ft majority of viites for the above mentioned purpose. "Witness our hands and seals tlje tweuty-firat day of October Anno Domini one thousand' seveh.tiuudred and ninety. William Lowr^, High Sheriff [L.s.]'^Kathkiii^l temple,. Insp. [i.s.] ; 'Andrew Reeder, lusp. [l.s^] ;.Thoinfi8 Bowlsby, tnsp. [l.s.]; Reuben McPherson, Im-p. [l.s.]; Heniy Rockafello.Wj In^. ^.s.]; John Dawes, Insp. [l.s.]; Joseph Scudder, Insp. [^.e.]; Arthur Henrie, In^. [l.s.]; Bzekiel Blue, Insp. [l.s.];' Chtirles Reading, i]isp.'[x:sj! After which— to wit, the 27th day of January, in the year of our liord 'one thousand seven .hundred and ninety-one— thq -chose a freeholdersfof each and every township in the county of Hunterdon, together with the jus- tices of the said county, having been "previously notified' to medt for the purposes of choosing managers to build the said court-House atiS'gaol in the way and manner as prescribed by the said laW, agd, a sufficient num- ber being met and making a board on the day aforesaid, did choose, nom- • inate, and appoint managers, . . . who, pursuant to a law ot the State'^of New Jersey, made this 3d day of March, Anno Domini 178B,"a^re'e with George Alexander, of Flemington, in the township of Amwell and counV of Hunterdon aforesaid, innkeeper, for one-half acre of land, to be bounded on and exclusive of roads, being a part of the lott of land where- on the said Georjie Alexander lives, and on the southeast end thereof and on the road leading to Treuton,.and also bntting on the road as now used, leading round the said lott to Howejl's Ferry on Delaware River,-a,nd the other two sides butting and bounded on other parts of the said George Alexander's lott as aforesaid, which by the survey thereof runs thus, — viz. : Beginning at a stone .for aijomer in & line of four-rod fbadleadiug to Trenton; thence sputii two degrees east two" chains to a stone corner on said ruad^ and also a corner in the turn of a- four-rod road leading to Howell's Fetry on Delaware River -.thence on the Uneof that road south sixty-six and one-quarter degrees west two chains and^a half to a stone for a corner^j thence north^ two degrees west two chains to a ^tone for a corner; thence north, siittfilx and one-quartei: Segrees eaatjtwoichaios and a half to tlie. place. of heginning; qpntainiug halfan acre of land. Now this indentiire witnesseth that the said George Alexander, etc., etc. . . . for divers good causes and valuable cdnsideratipn;' him thereunto moving, and also for and In consideration of the sum of five shillings in gold and edlver "money to him "in hand paid by thei eaidijoard of justices and freeholders of the county of Hunterdon, etc., etc. %.' ; .^ " In witness whereof the said parties have interchangably set their hands and seals hereunto. Dated the day and y^ abov^written. " GeORQE ALEXANnEE [l.B.]. ' - ■ - ^ '' -f^ -* "Sealed and delivered in presence of -. "^ ■. "Joseph Johnson, '''-'? %- "Jasper Smith, .,>,':, - > ' -' -.^..i "Acknowledged before Joseph Reading. ^- " Recorded Nov. 22, 1793." ^ j On the 27th' of August, 1792, at a'-fneetinj^-^of the justices and freeholders held at the house 'of John Meldrum, a letter was laid before the board by Sam- uel R. Stuart, attorney for Susanna Smith, who 202 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. claimed a right of dower " in the lot of land whereon the court-house and gaol-yard is erected in Fleming- ton." A committee (John Gregg, Joseph Hankerson, and Thomas Reading) was appointed to settle with her " and take her quit-claim for said land and report at the next meeting." On the 5th of August, 1793, the committee reported her claim settled for four pounds five shillings four pence, and produced the neces- sary legal paperSi At this meeting, also, the man- agers for huilding the court-house and jail appeared before the board and offered their account for settle- ment. Andrew Keeler, Joseph Lambert, and Capt. John Phillips, the committee to examine accounts, presented the court-house bill, August SOth, as cor- rect. The amount originally allowed to the construc- tion of the public buildings was £2500. The itemized bill of expense was £2427. 6. 5. On the 8th of May, 1793, the board met at the court-house, and the May term of court the same year was also held there. This structure (which embraced the jail) was burned on Wednesday night, Feb. 13, 1828. Owing to the want of an effective fire-engine, all attempts to save the building were futile, and on the following morn- ing all that remained of the venerable structure were the naked walls and the smoking embers of its pon- derous timbers. The fire was supposed to have been the work of design.* The prisoners confined in the jail were transferred to the jail of Somerset County. Fortunately, the county records were saved, the clerk, perceiving the imminent danger of their destruction, having removed them to a place of safety. HTrNTEEDON COUNTY COUKT-HOUSK After the destruction of the court-house the courts were held in the meeting-house of the Methodist Episcopal congregation of Flemington, whose trus- tees, with commendable promptness and liberality, tendered its use for the purpose. An act of the Leg- islature (passed Feb. 15, 1828) made it "lawful to hold the Circuit Courts, Courts of Oyer and Ter- miner and General Jail Delivery, Courts of Common * Bimterdon GazeUe, Veh. 20, 1828. Pleas, General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, and Orphans' Courts, to be held in and for said county of Hunterdon, in the Methodist Episcopal church in Flemington until the inhabitants of said county shall erect a court-house for said county." (Proceedings General Assembly, 1828.) The corner-stone of the present court-house was laid on Wednesday, May 7, 1828, in the presence of a large concourse of people, with appropriate ceremonies, by Hia Honor, Justice Drake, of the Supreme Court, in which the Rev. J. F. Clark and Mr. McClay, of New York, participated, and after which Peter I. Clark delivered an appro- priate address.f It is a large stone structure, rough-cast, with Gre- cian front and Ionic columns, and is two stories in height, the court-room being in the upper and the jail and sheriff's residence in the lower or basement story. Adjoining the court-house, and north of it, is located a neat two-story brick building which contains the clerk's and surrogate's offices of the county, with all the books, records, etc., of their respective depart- ments. CHAPTER V. THE BENCH AUD BAR OE HtTETTEEDOlSr OOXTNTY. Hunterdon County noted for tbe Ability of her Judges and the Brilliancy of her Bar — Early Colonial Judges — Judges and Justices — Samuel Johnston, Samuel Tucker, Daniel Coxe, Isaac Smith, Moore Furman, Jasper Smith, John Mehelm, John Dagworthy, Andrew Smith, Stacy G. Potts, John Carr, John S. Stirea, Joseph Beading, etc. — Eminent Jurists — Early Lawyei-s — Later Lawyers — Biographical Notices of George C. Maxwell, William Maxwell, Joseph Bonnell, Thomas Potts Johnson, Samuel R- Stewart, Nathaniel Saxton, William H. Sloan, Alexander Wurts, Garret D. Wall, Richard Howell, Samuel Lilly, James N. Beading, Samuel Leake, George A. Allen, Richard S. Kuhl, etc. Hunterdon County has been, even from colonial times, noted no less for the number and ability of its bench than for the brilliancy of its bar, the members of both embracing an array of names which has given added lustre to the jurisprudence of the State. Among the names of the early colonial judges of this county we find those of Thomas Leonard, James Trent, Joseph Stout, Daniel Coxe, John Reading, Benjamin Smith, John Dagworthy, Martin Ryerson, Andrew Smith, Theophilus Phillips, Thomas Cadwal- lader, and Andrew Reed, officiating on the bench from abput 1724 to 1750 and later. J During the pe- riod extending from 1750 to the Revolution the court records present the names of John Garrison, Jasper Smith, Cornelius Ringo, Philip Ringo, Samuel Stout, Theophilus Severns, William Clayton, Benjamin Byles, Isaac Smith, John Grandin, Micajah Howe, and Lewis Chamberlain. f In the corner-stone were inclosed a Bible, the laws of New Jersey, a brass plate upon which was engraved the year of erection, the name* of the architect, building committee, etc. X See preceding chapter, on " Courts and County Buildings," for many interesting facts connected with this early period. THE BENCH AND BAR OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 203 During the Revolutionary period the bench pre- sents to our notice, among others, the honored names of Samuel Johnston, Joseph Reading, Moore Furman, John Mehelm, Robert Hooper, Nathaniel Hunt, James Ewing, Joseph Beavers, and Jared Sexton. Many of the above-mentioned judges were "judge and justice," but in that vast army of justices who held court in this county from 1721 to 1800,* other than those before named, are to be found the names of Timothy Baker, Jacob Belleijeau, Charles Wolver- ton, Ralph Heart, John Porterfield, John Burroughs, Jeremiah Bass, Hezekiah Bonham, John Knowles, Adrian and Harmon Lane, Richard Scudder, Robert Eaton, John Haywood, John Budd, Joshua Ander- son, Francis Bowes, William Cornell, Abr. Ketchell, Benjamin Rounsaval, Abraham Van Horn, Edward Rockhill, Ralph and John Smith, Nicholas and Elias WyckofF, Henry Woolsey, Daniel, Nathaniel, and Edward Hunt, Andrew Muirhead, Henry Traphagen, Richard and Luther Opdyke, Benjamin Van Cleve, Nathan Stout, David Frazier, William Lowrey, John Lambert, Hugh Runyan, Thomas Reading, Henry Rockafeller, Nicholas Stillwell, Jacob Cline, John Coryell, John T. Blackwell, etc. And during the first quarter of the present century we come across the new names of "justices" of Ananias Mulford, Benjamin Dean, Robert McNeely, Philip and David Johnston, George Rea, Peter Risler, Jacob Case, David Brearley, Peter and Zachariah Flomerfelt, Paul H. M. Prevost, Matthias Crater, Richard Gano, Baltus Stiger, Morris Fritts, James Larason, Thomas Capner, Asa C. Dunham, David and William Stout, James Honeyman, John Thompson, etc. Those who desire the dates for the above, or wish to trace the line of judges and justices to the present time, are referred to the " Civil List," in a subsequent chapter. It wOl be impossible, within the limits of this work, to give personal mention of but a few of the several hundred judges and justices who have figured in the courts of Hunterdon County. Prominent, however, among the early colonial judges was Samuel Johnston, who settled in the county about 1740 and owned a large tract of land in its northern part. His house is said to have been the most stately mansion in all this portion of the State, and in its broad halls he, as chief magistrate of this section of West Jersey, held court on Monday of each week. His house became the resort of culture and talent. He was the father of Col. Philip Johnston, who left his class in Princeton College to serve in the French war in Canada, and who, during the Revolu- tion, was killed while leading his (the First New Jersey) regiment at the battle of Long Island. His daughter Mary, reputed to have been one of the best- read women in the province, became the wife of Charles Stewart, of Hunterdon County. Daniel Coxe, son of Dr. Daniel Coxe, the pro- * For more full list see chapter on " CHtU List of Hunterdon County." prietor, was born in 1664, probably at Burlington. He became a lawyer, and in 1710 was appointed by Governor Hunter a member of the Provincial Council, and in 1734 was made an associate justice of the Su- preme Court of New Jersey. He died April 25, 1739. He was a public-spirited citizen, and a judge of no ordinary ability. He did very much in laying the foundation of law and morality for the State of New Jersey. He proposed a scheme of confederation of all the American colonies, and the same scheme was adopted, with but slight modification, in 1776. The design of his proposed scheme of union was to limit the influence of the Spaniards and French in the South. The work containing these propositions was. published in London in 1722. Samuel Tucker was, Sept. 4, 1776, elected an associate justice of the Supreme Court, and in No- vember following held a term of the court, ^the first under the State constitution, the last at which the colonial justices (Frederick Smyth, chief justice, and David Ogden) were present having been held in May. He was not a lawyer, but was prominent in civil mat- ters, and held many important public stations. He was a man of much influence at Trenton and through- out Hunterdon County during his time. He was sheriff of Hunterdon, a member of Assembly in 1769, and held the position until the Revolution put an end to the provincial government. He was an active member and president of the different Provincial Congresses, and signed the constitution of 1776 in that capacity. He was also treasurer of the State, and as such had a large amount of the paper cur- rency, etc., in his custody, which, in an affidavit laid by him before the Legislature in February, 1777, he alleged were taken out of his possession in December previous by a party of British horsemen who made him prisoner. Governor Livingston disputing the accuracy of his statement, he appeared before the Legislature and resigned his commission. His weak- ness in taking advantage of the offer of British pro- tection during the panic which prevailed at Trenton previous to its capture by the Hessians was attrib- utable, perhaps, to the fact that his wife was an Eng- lish lady. It is certain he thus forfeited his character as a patriot, and died in 1789 still under the cloud.f Isaac Smith, who resided at Trenton, held the office of associate justice of the Supreme Court for twenty-eight years, until 1805, being succeeded by William Rossell. He was a physician, but appears to have made of himself a pretty good lawyer. He was an ardent Whig, and a colonel of militia during the Revolution. From the time of his retirement from the bench, in 1805, until his death, he was presi- dent of the Trenton Banking Company. He died Aug. 20, 1807, aged sixty-eight years.! MooEE FuEMAN, grandfather of the late Capt. ■f- Judge Elmer's Beminiscences, pp. 265, 266. I Ibid., p. 2T1. 204 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. WiUiam E. Hunt, of Trenton, was a commissary of the American army in 1776. He was the first mayor of Trenton, in 1777 was judge, and in 1781 first held court as a justice. His ofiice was in a one-story brick building which formerly stood where the Chancery Building in Trenton now stands. Jasper Smith was one of the early colonial judges of this county, officiating in 1754, et seq. He was the descendant of one of the early settlers of H9pewell, possibly was related to Benjamin or Andrew Smith, as both were prominent on the bench of the county about 1739-* It is very probable he was the son of Jasper Smith, whose name appears in a deed of date March 18, 1698-99,t and was a member of the council of Trenton in 1748. J Judge Jasper Smith graduated at Princeton College in 1758. In 1776 he was one of the Committee of Safety from Amwell township. He seems to have taken an active part in the Revolu- tionary struggle. He may have resided near Law- renceville, N. J., about the opening of this century, as his name appears as a ruling elder in the Presby- terian Church, Lawrenceville, on the first preserved record of that church, in 1807. He died in 1814. His son, Jasper, united with the same church in 1808, and left the parsonage property to that body. The will is on record in the Hunterdon County clerk's office. He was a practicing lawyer in Flemington, and built the house now owned by John Jones, Esq. He was prominently connected with the courts and legal business of this vicinity during the early part of this century. His relatives still reside in the bounds of Lawrence township, Mercer Co., to which place he subsequently removed from Flemington, dying there. John Mehelm, who was judge of Hunterdon County in 1779, emigrated to this country from Ire- land and took an active part in the Revolution. He was located on the North Branch, at a place since known as Hall's Mills. He was also surrogate for Hunterdon and Somerset Counties during Governor Livingston's administration, and was removed by Governor Bloomfield in 1801. In all the old docu- ments his name is coupled with that of John Hart, another' member of the bench of Hunterdon County (1774), an honored Revolutionary patriot, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He went by the name of " Honest John Hart." John Dagworthy, who was one of the bench of 1739, was in 1728-29 the high sherifi' of the county who complained of the jail being so out of repair that escapes took place daily. § Andrew Smith was no doubt the eldest son of Andrew, the first of the name in Hopewell, Hunter- don Co. (whose purchase in 1688, which he named * Hunterdon County Court Records. t Rev. George Hale, D.D., History First Presbyterian Church, Hope- ■weU, p. 47. X Raum's History Trenton, p. 72. g Minutes of the Court, vol. ii. "Hopewell," was adopted as the name of the town) ; he graced the bench in 1739, and for a number of years. He had brothers, Jonathan and Timothy; married Mrs. Mershon, and had Charles and Zebulon, unmarried, and Andrew, who married Sarah, daughter of Josiah Hart, Sr., and had Benjamin (deceased), George W., and Nathaniel. || Stacy G. Potts, for seven years one of the jus- tices of the Supreme Court, became in 1808 a resident of Trenton, then in this county. He was of English Quaker descent, and educated in the Friends' school. He commenced the study of law with Mr. Stockton, but finished with Garret D. Wall. In 1828-29 he was a member of the Legislature ; from 1831—41 clerk of the Court of Chancery ; in 1844 the honorary degree of A.M. was conferred on him by Princeton College ; in 1852 he became one of the justices of the Supreme Court. He was at different times connected with various boards and institutions of the Presbyterian Church, of which he was a member, and was in 1836 ordained a ruling elder. He died in 1865. Perhaps the most important case before Judge Potts was that of Cornelius vs. Giberson (1 Dutch. 1), involving the location of the line between East and West Jersey. His ruling on that question remains undisturbed, al- though the judgment was reversed on the question of fact as to adverse possession.1[ John Care, who was a judge of the Common Pleas Court in 1829, a justice of the peace, etc., was born in 1763, and died in 1831 (December 9th). He was highly esteemed for his public services and pri- vate worth, as a faithful officer and exemplary Chris- tian. He was for many years a deacon of the Baptist Church of Flemington. The Stout family of Amwell and Hopewell was ably represented upon the bench, quite early ia the history of the county, by Joseph Stout, in 1726 and again in 1736 ; Samuel Stout, in 1754 ; Nathan Stout, 1795 and 1800 ; David Stout, 1804 to 1828 ; and Wil- liam Stout, in 1842. Thomas Stout was a judge and justice in 1787 and 1792. John S. Stires was a judge and justice of Hun- terdon County from 1823 until his death, in 1851. Samuel L. Southard, who when living was often denominated New Jersey's " favorite son," and who, besides many other honors, was elevated to the bench of the Supreme Court, although a native of Somerset County, passed the first few years after his admission to the bar in Hunterdon County, residing in Flem- ington.** When appointed an associate justice, in 1815, he was perhaps the youngest man ever graced with that honor in New Jersey, — only twenty-eight. See further sketch in the chapter on " Bench and Bar of Somerset County,'' in this work. Joseph Reading first appears as a judge of the II Rev. George Hale, First Presbyterian Church of Hopewell, pp. 42, 43. If Elmer's Reminiscencea. ** He built, and resided in until about 1817, the house now occupied by Alexander Wurts,— the fll-st north of the surrogate's office. THE BENCH AND BAR OF HUNTEEDON COUNTY. 205 Common Pleas Court in 1777, and served for twenty- five or more years. For a more extended notice see history of the Reading family, elsewhere. Samuel Lilly, of Lambertville, a judge of the Court of Appeals, was born in Geneva, N. Y., Oct. 28, 1815. His grandfather, Samuel, the emigrant an- cestor of the American branch of the family, was an eminent barrister in England, but after coming to America took orders as an Episcopal clergyman, and became rector of St. John's Church, Elizabethtown, N. J. His father, William, was a merchant and an early settler at Lambertville. Samuel, his son, gradu- ated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1837, and, ■with a doctor's diploma, commenced practice at Lam- bertville, where he soon acquired a reputation as a skillful physician. But it is not with his medical rec- ord we have here to deal ; that may be found treated in another portion of this work, under the heading of " Medical Profession." From 1849-51 he was mayor of Lambertville ; for eight years director of the board of freeholders of Hunterdon County ; in 1852-53 a member of Congress ; in 1861 was appointed by Presi- dent Buchanan consul-general to British India. "During his connection with the consulate, the civil war, and our relations with England growing out of the Mason and Slidell affair, rendered the adminis- tration of his office one of great responsibility. Some American merchant-vessels, loaded partly with salt- petre, were detained at Calcutta during that ex- citement. Dr. Lilly contended vigorously for the rights of the American traders, who were then allowed to depart. Previous to his leaving Calcutta for the United States the American merchants there resi- dent presented him a handsome service of plate, and on his arrival at Lambertville he was welcomed by an ovation at the hands of his fellow-townsmen."* In 1868-72 he was judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the county of Hunterdon. He was one of the commissioners to locate and build the new State Lunatic Asylum. In 1873 he was appointed by Gov- ernor Parker one of the judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals. He died in 1879,— April 3d. He left but one child, — John, — who is now practicing law in Lambertville. Judge Lilly "was a man of good and temperate habits, of refined and literary tastes," eminent as a judge, and honored as a man. David Van Fleet, of Flemington, was born in Readington, Hunterdon Co., Aug. 13, 1819, a son of William Van Fleet, of that place, and of Dutch de- scent. He received a good common-school education, followed school-teaching for a time, and clerked in a store at Centreville, N. J. In 1848 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1849. For a few years following he was engaged in mercantile pursuits at Centreville. In 1856 he was one of the Democratic Presidential electors; in 1859 surrogate of Hunterdon County ; in 1869 was appointed by President Grant one of the inspectors of customs at New York ; and in 1872 a judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas of Hunterdon County. He is a Master in Chancery, and also trustee for several estates, as well as a director of the Hunterdon County National Bank. Is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He married, 1845, Susan A. Cole, daughter of Davjd O. Cole, of Readington. EMINENT JURISTS. New Jersey has always been noted for the intel- lectual ability of its jurists. The high character of those of the past generation is well sustained by" the present. As an evidence of this is the fact that dur- ing the present year (1880) the honorary degree of LL.D. has been conferred by Princeton and Lafay- ette Colleges upon four distinguished members of the bench and bar of this State, one-half of which honors came to Hunterdon, the Hon. Bennet Van Syckel, of the Supreme Court, and Vice-Chancellor A. V. Van Fleet, being the honored recipients of this county. Bennet Van Syckel, associate justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, was born in Hunter- don County (Bethlehem township), April 17, 1830. Immediately after his graduation from Princeton, in 1846, he entered the law-office of Hon. Alexander Wurts, Flemington, with whom he remained until admitted to the bar, in 1851. He at once commenced his legal practice in Flemington, and soon won a high reputation at the bar. He possesses forensic abilities of the first order. In 1869 he was appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of the State, and reap- pointed in 1876. Incumbent of the position, he ex- emplified " in the discharge of his judicial duties, as formerly in his practice, that profound learning and spotless integrity which have made the judiciary of New Jersey known and honored throughout the land." In 1853 he married Elizabeth, a daughter of W. H. Sloan, of Flemington, by whom he had three sons and two daughters.! Abbam V. Van Fleet, vice-chancellor of the State of New Jersey, was born in Hillsborough, Somerset Co., N. J., Jan. 6, 1831. He was admitted to practice as an attorney at the November term of 1852, and as a counselor in 1858. He opened his first law-ofBce in Flemington, where he soon acquired a large and lucrative business. He has devoted him- self actively to his chosen profession. He received the appointment in 1875 of vice-chancellor of the State of New Jersey from Chancellor Runyan, and was duly commissioned by Governor Bedle. His term of office will expire in May, 1882. He is a bril- liant lawyer, and in the administration of the vice- chancellorship "he has confirmed his previous repu- tation of being one of the finest Chancery lawyers in {■ * Biographical EncyclopBedia of New Jersey, p. 75. f One of his sisters married (1843) John T. Leigh, a hanlter, of Clinton, N. J. ; she died in 1860. 206 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. the State." Tlie opinions, as delivered by him, will he found in the New Jersey Chancery Reports, com- mencing with 11th C. E. Green. EARLY LAWYERS. The name of Jeremiah Bass appears in the Hunter- don County court records as an attorney, June 6, 1721, and the last time it is seen in that connection is March 10, 1725. He was appointed attorney-gen- eral March 28, 1719. Others were admitted to prac- tice from the dates given below : Daniel Grandin, June 6, 1721, practiced until about 1739 ; William Biles, Dec. 5, 1721 ; Edward Rodol- phus Price,* March 5, 1722; David McBride, Jan. 29, 1823 (his name last appears March 14, 1726) ; P. Evans and James Alexander, Aug. 7, 1724 (the latter appointed attorney-general June 6, 1723) ; Finnick Lyell, March 10, 1825; J. Kinsey, July 26, 1725 (last appears August term, 1728) ; James Gould, Oct. 18, 1725 ; Robert Lawrence, March 14, 1726 ; Philip Kearney, Oct. 16, 1726; Lawrence Smith, July 25, 1726 (appointed attorney-general in 1728) ; C. Mott, July, 1727 ; Benjamin Price and Thomas Shird, Oct. 15, 1727 ; Henry Vernon, James Trent, and Par- ker, August, 1728 ; Francis Costigan, E. Pierce, and William Smith, May term, 1729 ; Jeremiah Forster, August term, 1730 ; Brown and J. Hooper, May, 1731 ; Francis Bowes, August, 1731 ; Samuel Burtill and Jamieson, August, 1731 ; M. Evers and David Ogden, 1732; Joseph Warrell, May, 1733 (ap- pointed attorney-general Aug. 28, 1733) ; John \a,u- ghan "produced a lycence to the court wherein His Excellency Wm. Cosby, Esq., appointed him to prac- tice as an attorney-at-law in all the courts of record within the province of New Jersey : Ordered by the Court to be read and published," Aug. 6, 1735 ; R. Mcholls, Aug. 7, 1735 ; [John] Dagworthy, October term, 1735 ; John Coxe, May term, 1736 ; Jacob An- derson, October term, 1736 ; John Clark, Lyne, White, Burnham, Hartshorn, and B. Lagrange, 1745 ; Abra- ham Cotman, 1747; Robert Ashfield, 1748; Wm. Pidgeon, Scattergood, C. Skinner, 1750 (latter appointed attorney-general July 10, 1754) ; R. Wil- liams, 1753 ; Joseph Read ; Richard Stockton, May term, 1755; John Smyth, Aaron Dowd, 1757; W. Thompson, 1758; Elias Boudinot, 1761; G. Ross, Jasper Smith, J. Anderson, Bard, Deare, 1763 ; J. Debow, J. AUer, John Leferty, B. Leferty, David Brearley, J. D. Sergeant, B. Reed, 1767 ; William De Hart, 1768 ; Abram Ogden, William Paterson,t 1769 ; J. Taylor, Chambers, Hassert, Dongan, Pettit, Linn, and Ebenezer Cowell, 1771 ; J. B. Scott, 1775-; Bloom- field, 1779 ; William Wilcox and William C. Hous- ton,!, 1780. The appendix to the " Rules of the Supreme Court," * Admitted to " practice in all the courts in thiB province" June 4, 1723. t Appointed attorney-general Sept. 4, 1776 ; afterward became Gov- ernor. X Appointed clerk of the Supreme Court Sept. 28, 1781. 1868, gives the date of admission of W. C. Houston as " April term, 1781," and records " Richard Stock- ton, April term, 1784," — evidently the "junior" of the Richard Stockton admitted in 1756, as above given, who was an associate justice in 1774, and was appointed chief justice in 1776, but declined the honor. From this point onward special mention will be made of the more prominent of the members of the Hunterdon County bar. LATER LAWYERS. Geokge C. Maxwell, son of John Maxwell, at the close of the last and beginning of the present century was practicing law in the Hunterdon courts and resident in Flemington. He was admitted as an attorney in 1797, as a counselor in 1800, and as a ser- geant-at-law in 1816. He was a member of the Pres- byterian Church of Flemington, of which he was a deacon in 1806 and 1809. He was considered in his day as one of the ablest lawyers of the county. He died in Flemington. William MaxwelIj practiced law in Flemington from 1808, the date of his admission to the bar, until his death. He became a counselor in 1817. He was not only a prominent lawyer, but an influential citi- zen and an active member of the Presbyterian Church of Flemington, holding the office of deacon in that body from 1817-19. He died about 1828, and was buried in the Presbyterian church-yard. Upon his tombstone (which contains no record of his birth or death) is the following mortuary legend : " In memory of William Maxwell, Esq., Councillor-at-Law. Acqualege, necessitas, Sortitur insignes et imos." He married a daughter of Henry Dusenberry, of New Hampton. Joseph Bonnell was born in 1793, and died in 1823. He was a son of Alexander and Catharine Bonnell, whose ashes, as well as his own, repose in the Presbyterian burial-ground, the three graves being side by side. His father died in 1819, while his mother lived to the advanced age of eighty-four, dying in 1854. Joseph was admitted to the bar in 1817, became a counselor in 1820, and practiced law in Flemington until his decease. His sister Mary be- came the wife of Alexander Wurts, Esq. Lucius Horatio Stockton — known to his as- sociates as Horace Stockton — was a younger brother of Richard, and in early life was thought to be quite equal if not superior to him in talent. He graduated at Princeton in 1787, was licensed in 1791, and died in 1835. He resided in Trenton. He early mani- fested eccentricity, which so increased in later years as in a great measure to destroy his usefiilness. He was a warm politician, under the elder Adams held the office of United States attorney for this district, and later was nominated as Secretary of War, but was not confirmed. THE BENCH AND BAR, OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. J07 Thomas Potts Johnson was the second son of "William Johnson, an early settler of Hunterdon- County, who came from Irelaud, and all of whose de- scendants have been noted for their learning. His mother was Ruth, a sister of Stacy Potts, of Trenton. In his youth he was apprenticed to the carpenter trade, hut was forced to relinquish it on account of rupturing a blood-vessel. He also taught school in this county in his early manhood. He married a daughter of Robert Stockton, Esq., and studied law with the Hon. Richard Stockton. In 1794 he was admitted to the bar. Mr. Johnson was a bold, out- spoken, and fearless advocate, and one of the most learned and eloquent men that ever adorned the New Jersey bar. He was alike distinguished for his won- derful memory, his rare intellectual attainments, and his piety. After a brilliant career at the bar he re- tired on account of failing health, and spent the last years of his life in the family of his son-in-law. Dr. Richard Corson, of New Hope, Pa., at which place he ended his days on earth. His portrait may be seen in the court-room at Flemington.* Samuel R. Stewart was a son of Gen. Charles Stewart, who after the Revolution moved to Fleming- ton, where he died June 24, 1800. He was a gradu- ate of Princeton College in 1786 ; was admitted to practice at the bar in 1790 ; became a counselor in 1794. He died in 1802. Charles Stewart, son of the above, and grand- son of Gen. Charles, was born in Flemington, in a house his father occupied, near the present residence of John C. Hopewell. He was a classmate at Prince- ton of Alexander Wurts, Esq. ; graduated in 1815 ; studied law, afterwards theology ; went as a mission- ary to the Sandwich Islands, and in 1828 was ap- pointed chaplain in the United States navy. He died at Cooperstown,. N. Y., in 1870, aged seventy- five years. One of his sons, a graduate of West Point, served through the war of the Rebellion, and later was in command of the United States Engineers' Corps at San Francisco. Peter D. Vroom, subsequently Governor (born 1791, died 1874), had a law-office in Flemington, and practiced his profession there for several years prior to 1820, when he removed to Somerville. Andrew Miller, one of the early lawyers of Flemington, was a native of Somerset County, born in 1799, and admitted to the bar in 1822. After prac- ticing a couple of years at Somerville he removed to the county-seat of Hunterdon, taking the place of * The following eiDecdote concerning Mr. Johnson is preserved : At one of the neighboring courtB a dispute arose between Johnson and his opponent respecting a point of law, during which the latter remarked, in a tannting manner, " that he was not to be taught law by a carpenter!" •• May it please Your Honors," replied Mr. Johnson, " the gentleman has been pleased to allnde to my hairing been a carpenter,— I am proud of it : so was tbe reputed father of our Lord and Sayiour Jesus Christ,— and I could yet, give me a block of wood, a mallet, and a chisel, hew out something that would veiy much resemble Ihal gentleman's head. True, I could not put in brains, but it would have more manner! /" Joseph Bonnell, then recently deceased. For some fifteen years Mr. Miller resided and practiced in Flemington, but about the year 1839 he removed to the city of Philadelphia. Residing at several differ- ent places during the intervening years, he a few years since returned to his native place, Somerville, where he is now residing, at the age of eighty-one years, retired from practice. Nathaniel Saxton was a native of Hopewell township, then in Hunterdon County. He removed to Flemington, as a young man, about the beginning of the present century. He appears to have been an indefatigable student and worker, for he not only served for years as a deputy in the county clerk's office of Hunterdon, but at the same time studied and practiced surveying, and as a student entered upon the legal profession. Blackstone and Chitty seem, however, to have been most to his taste. He was ad- mitted to the bar as an attorney at the May term of 1804, and became a counselor in September, 1808. In 1828 he was elevated to the rank of a sergeant-at- law. He was for one term (1834) a member of the State Senate. He ranked as one of the ablest lawyers of his ,time, and in the Chancery line, as well as in real-estate matters, was without a peer in the State.f Although not brilliant as an advocate, he was noted as a sound, reasoning counselor. He was far more successful in the legal arena than he was in his own private affairs ; continually buying and accumulating property, he seldom sold. He was in his later years much embarrassed thereby, and died (in 1847) com- paratively poor, aged about eighty years. He was buried in the Presbyterian churchyard, in Fleming- ton. He is recollected by Charles Bartles (who studied law with him) and others as a most eccentric man. He never married, and none of his father's family are known to be living at this time. He re- sided on Main Street, where Dr. Parrish now lives. William H. Sloan, a distinguished member of the New Jersey bar, and for many years a resident of the county-seat of Hunterdon, was born in Warren Co., N, J., April 25, 1799. He was the oldest child of the Rev. William B. Sloan (and Mary Perfine, his wife), pastor for many years of the Presbyterian Church, Greenwich, N. J. None of his children are living ; a granddaughter, Mrs. Mary, wife of Henry Field, resides in Philadelphia. William H. Sloan's grandmother was Elizabeth Kirkpatrick, a sister of the celebrated Judge Kirkpatrick, of whom a sketch may be found elsewhere in this work. William H. received his early education at the Somerville acad- emy, and later was graduated from Princeton College. He then commenced the study of the law, entering + Lucius Q. C. Elmer's " Reminiscences of the Bench and Bar of New- Jersey " speaks of " Nathaniel Saxton, the Chancery reporter, generally called Nattj'," as one of the leaders in the fun at the little social gather^ ings at the " Rising Sun Tavern,- in Trenton, where the American Hotel now stands, where " songs were sung, old stories revived, and flashes of wit sparked, each one deeming it a duty to contribute as well as he could to the general amusement" (p. 183). 208 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. the oflSce of the late Peter I. Clark, of Flemington. He was admitted to the bar at the February term, 1821, and became a counselor in 1824. He com- menced the practice of his profession in Flemington, and occupied for some time " the office of the late William Maxwell, Esq." He took an active part in politics, and was a warm advocate and earnest supporter of the Democratic party. He held many local positions of trust, also served as surrogate of the county for five years (1835- 40), and represented his district in the General As- sembly of the State in 1833-34. " His acquaintance was extensive, and he was respected by all who knew him for his gentlemanly bearing, frankness of man- ner, and nobleness of character. As a lawyer he was sound, discriminating, and judicious, courteous and respectful to the court, obliging and kind to his brethren of the bar, faithful and true to his clients, honorable towards all." He married, in August, 1835, Caroline Imlay, daughter of Robert Imlay, a merchant of Philadel- phia; she is still (1880) living. The children — six in number, three sons and three daughters — are as fol- lows : Robert I., William H., Charles W., Mary Eliz- abeth (wife of Bennett Van Syckel, a judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and now residing at Trenton), Annie B. (wife of Charles Brearley, of Trenton), and Margaretta. None of the brothers or sisters of W. H. Sloan are living. Their names were John B., La Rue, Eliza- beth, and Mary. The first named was a physician at Easton, Pa. ; Elizabeth married H. Conover, son of the late Dr. Conover, of Philadelphia. Mr. Sloan died of typhus fever at his residence, in Flemington, Jan. 21, 1850, aged fifty. His remains repose in the Presbyterian cemetery, where a monu- ment is erected to his memory. His memory, how- ever, will not soon fade from the recollections of our people, being enshrined in the hearts of very many. At a meeting of the court and bar at the court-house in Flemington, Feb. 12, 1850, of which Judge Ran- dolph was chairman, after the announcement to the court of his death, on motion of Mr. Hamilton, a committee, consisting of A. Wurts, Judge Thompson, and A. G. Richey, Esqs., was appointed to draft reso- lutions expressive of the loss sustained by the court, the bar, and the community in his death. At an ad- journed meeting held February 14th at the same place the committee reported resolutions — which were adopted — bearing public testimony to the worth and virtues of the deceased, and of respect to his memory. Alexander Wuets, the youngest of eight sons of John Wurts, an extensive iron-manufacturer of Mor- ris Co., N. J., was born in Flanders, N. J., in the year 1799. A member of the class of 1815 of Prince- ton College, he began the study of law in Philadel- phia, Pa. In the winter of 1819-20 he located in Flemington, and was licensed as an attorney in May, 1820. In 1823 he was admitted as a counselor-at- law. In 1824 he was elected a member of the Assem- bly, which honorable station he again filled in the years 1828-32, and during the last tljree years was Speaker of the House. He served in the Legislative Council in 1833. In 1838 he was the Democratic candidate for Congress, but, with the entire ticket, was defeated. He was in 1844 the member from Hunterdon County of the convention to revise the State constitution, of which body he was chosen vice- president, and, before its close, its president. In the fall of 1844 he was elected the first State senator from Hunterdon County, and served in that body for two years. Soon after (in 1848), he was appointed by the Legislature one of the three commissioners to investigate the charges preferred against the Camden and Amboy Railroad and the Delaware and Raritan Canal Companies. This laborious duty occupied nearly a year, but resulted in fully exonerating the companies and in allaying the excitement then ex- isting in the imblic mind against them. Governor Fort, in 1853, nominated Mr. Wurts as chief justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New Jersey, which nomination was promptly con- firmed by the State Senate ; but he respectfully de- clined the proffered honor. He was induced, how- ever, in 1865, to become the candidate of the Demo- cratic party for the State Senate, upon the assurance that the party to which he was attached could thereby be harmonized. He was elected and served for three years. He has been for over twenty years one of the managers of the State Lunatic Asylum, and since 1859 president of the board. Although now, in a great measure, retired from public and professional life, he is often consulted on important legal questions. His unflinching integrity and thorough legal acquirements give weight to his opinions. There is no man now living in the State who has been in public life so long as he, and yet retains the confidence of all parties in so great a degree. He was often importuned to be- come a candidate for Governor, but never would take any steps himself to secure the nomination. He mar- ried. May 26, 1831, Mary, daughter of Alexander and Catharine Bonnell, of Flemington.* Garret D. Wall, for many years a resident of Hunterdon and a legal practitioner in its courts, was born in Monmouth Co., N. J., in 1783. He was the son of James Wall, an officer of the Continental army, who at the battle of Monmouth captured an English officer. On his father's death. Garret, then nine years old, went to reside with his uncle. Dr. John G. Wall, of Woodbridge. In 1798 he removed to Trenton and became a student in the law-office of Gen. Jonathan Rhea, then clerk of the Supreme Court of the State. On attaining his majority (in 1804) he was licensed as an attorney ; in 1807 he was advanced to the grade of counselor, and in 1820 to * Since the compilation of this chapter Judge Wurte has deceased. He died Teb. 16, 1881. THE BENCH AND BAR OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 209 that of aergeant-at-law. He was clerk of the Su- preme Court for five years (1812-17) ; member for Hunterdon County of the lower branch of the State Legislature, — in 1822 as a Federalist and in 1827 as a Jackson Democrat ; in 1829 was elected by the Legis- lature to the high position of Governor, which, how- ever, he declined; was appointed in 1829 United States district attorney for New Jersey, and for sev- eral years ably discharged the duties of that office. In 1834 he was elected to the United States Senate, serving until the close of Van Buren's administration, — 1840. He was pronounced in his opposition to the United States Bank, and one of the most efiective speeches he ever delivered was adverse to its continu- ance. After 1828, Burlington was his place of abode ; he returned to that place fi'om Washington in 1840, and resumed his professional duties. In 1848 he was made a member of the Court of Errors and Appeals, and held the position until his death, in November, 1850. He was twice married, his first wife being a daugh- ter of his preceptor, Gren. Jonathan Rhea ; his second marriage occurred in 1828. " He was a counselor of the highest ability and learning, whUe, as a pleader, he entered into the case as if he were the client, not the attorney ; and some of his arguments before the jury or court were of the highest eloquence." " His distinguishing character- istics as an advocate were his quick sensibility, an in- tuitive insight into character and motives, and that ready tact which enabled him readily to recover from his own mistakes and promptly to take advantage of those of his adversary." He was greatly interested in the cause of education, and was a trustee of Burlington College. He was eminently hospitable and remarkably proud of his native State, particularly of its Revolutionary record. He inherited quite a martial taste, and was early con- nected with a volunteer company. During the war of 1812, as captain of the "Phoenix Infantry Company," he was detailed, with other troops, to aid in the pro- tection of the city of New York. Richard Howei.l, the lawyer, soldier, and Gov- ernor, resided in Trenton from 1788 until his death, at the early age of forty-nine. May 5, 1803. His mili- tary career and honors were brilliant, but will be found noticed elsewhere. He was admitted to prac- tice as an attorney in 1779 ; appointed clerk of the Supreme Court Sept. 4, 1788 ; was Governor from 1792 until 1801, and then resumed his legal practice at Trenton. He was a member of the bar in the courts of Hunterdon County for over fifteen years. None of his opinions as a chancellor have been published. He was a man of free-and-easy address, very popular, although somewhat affected by his ariny habits.* James N. Reading was born at the homestead of his maternal grandfather. Dr. John F. Grandin, at * Jadge Elmer's Reminiscences. Hamden, where his son, John Grandin, now resides. He was named after his grandmother Grandin's father. Dr. James Newell, whose wife was a Law- rence and sister of the father of Commodore Law- rence. James N. Reading is the son and oldest child of Joseph, who was the youngest child and only son of John (3), he being the oldest son of John (2), who was the oldest son of Governor John Reading. He commenced his academic course at Flemington, under Charles Bartles, Esq., who then had charge of the academy. He was prepared for college at the Prince- ton Academy, then entered Nassau Hall in 1827, and was graduated in 1829, taking the fifth honor in a class of twenty-six ; studied law with Samuel L. Southard in Trenton, and was admitted to the bar in 1832 ; became a counselor-at-law in 1836. He mar- ried (Feb. 10, 1835) Sarah C. A. Southard, a niece of the Governor. From 1832 to 1850 he practiced law in Flemington, fifteen of which years he was prose- cuting attorney for Hunterdon County. During his residence in Hunterdon County he took considerable interest and quite an active part in its military affairs. His first appointment was to the office of brigade in- spector ; resigning that after two years' service, he was appointed colonel of the Third Regiment of the Hun- terdon brigade, which, with the office of State's attor- ney, he held until he moved to the West. In 1850 he removed to Jefferson Co., Mo., and for two years was president of a lead-mining company. He then returned to New Jersey, settled up his pri- vate business, and in the fall of 1853 moved to Morris, Grundy Co., 111., which has since been his place of residence, with exception of the years 1859-61, when he resided in Chicago and practiced law in copart- nership with Mr. (afterward Judge) Wallace. He was elected a member of the State Legislature of Hli- nois in the fall of 1856, and filled the position until the fall of 1858, when he officiated as clerk of the Cir- cuit Court, filling a vacancy. In June, 1861, his partner having joined the Union army as a major of the cavalry branch of the service, Mr. Reading closed his law-office in Chicago and returned to Morris. During the war he was deputy United States marshal for Grundy County, and also United States commis- sioner, at the same time continuing his legal busi- ness. In 1865 he was elected county judge, which position he held for three successive terms,— twelve years, — and then declined a re-election. He is an in- defatigable worker, having, in addition to his legal practice and official duties, been largely engaged in the real-estate business ever since his removal to Illi- nois. He is ah able lawyer and jurist. Thomas L. Southard studied law in the office of James N. Reading, his brother-in-law ; was licensed to practice in November, 1838, and two years later removed to Lambertville, N. J., where he practiced his profession. He made a promising commencement, betokening an active and brilliant career, but died suddenly in March, 1843. 210 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Of Samuel Leake, Judge James N". Beading says, " At an early day there was a lawyer Leake at Flem- ington, of whom, the records there or at Trenton must make mention, and of whom I have heard some quaint things. I judge he must have heen a man of consid- erable legal attainments.'' By the court records it is seen that Samuel Leake was licensed as an attorney in 1776, a counselor in 1780, as a sergeant in 1792, and was a legal contemporary with Thomas Potts Johnson, John Frelinghuysen, Mahlon Dickerson, Lucius W. Stockton, George C. Maxwell, and others. Judge Elmer, in his " Reminiscences," relates that upon the occasion when Governor Bloomfield presided for the first time in the Court of Chancery, he made a short address saying he was a Republican and did not desire to be addressed by the title of "Excel- lency." Mr. Samuel Leake, an old and rather ec- centric lawyer, immediately rose and made him a formal address, with much earnestness and solemnity, saying, " May it please Your Excellency, Your Ex- cellency's predecessors were always addressed by the title 'Your Excellency,' and, if Your Excellency please, the proper title of the Governor of the State was, and is, 'Your Excellency.' I humbly pray, therefore, on my own behalf, and in behalf of the bar generally, that we may be permitted, by Your Ex- cellency's leave, to address Your Excellency, when sitting in the high Court of Chancery, by the ancient title of ' Your Excellency.' " It would seem the Federal lawyers did not give the Governor credit for much sincerity in the wish he expressed about the title ; however, he never made objection after Leake's speech. • Judge Charles Ewing studied law with Samuel Leake, who is "more remembered for his peculiarities as unusually precise and methodical in all his busi- ness, but he had, besides, a high reputation for accu- rate legal knowledge, and was undoubtedly a man of the most sterling Integrity. Any attempt to depre- ciate him in the hearing of Mr. Ewing was sure to meet a stern rebuke. To the end of his life he always spoke of him in the highest terms of affection and re- spect ; he was too good a judge, and had too many opportunities of knowing well the entire character of Mr. Leake, to leave it doubtful that he was a lawyer of uncommon excellence." Richard Stockton spoke of him as a learned lawyer.* Mr. Leake was born in Cumberland Co., N. J., Nov. 2, 1747. In his youth he attended the two cele- brated schools of Fagg's Manor and Pequea. He taught school for a few years in Delaware, then en- tered Princeton College, taking his Bachelor's degree in 1774. He began the study of the law, — first with Richard Howell, afterwards Governor, then with Charles Pettit, of Burlington. He was licensed in 1776. In 1785 he removed to Trenton, where he rose rapidly, soon standing at the head of the bar of Hun- * Judge Elmer's Eeminiscences of New Jersey, 133, 327, 403. terdon County. " He paid unusual attention to the students of his office, regularly devoting one hour every day to their examination." He was proverbi- ally systematic and precise. He died March 8, 1820, in his seventy-third year. The Supreme Court being in session at the time, the bar not only resolved to attend the funeral, but recommended to their brethren throughout the State to wear the customary badge of mourning and respect. His epitaph is as follows : " Sacred to the memory of Samuel Leake, Esq., sergeant-at-Iaw, Died March 8, 1820, aged 72. Educated to the bar, he attained the highest degree of eminence; distinguished for candor, integrity, zeal for hia clients, and profound knowledge of jurisprudence, he fulfilled the duties of his station with singular usefulness, ' without fear and without re- proach,' Deeply versed in human literature, and devoutly studious of the words of sacred truth, he lived the life of a Christian and died the death of the righteous." John Manners, born in Hunterdon County, April 8, 1786, was both lawyer and physician. After prac- ticing medicine for some years he determined upon entering the legal profession, and accordingly read law with James N. Porter, of Easton, Pa. He was admitted as an attorney and as counselor in Febru- ary, 1820. Although qualified to practice at the bar of both the State and the United States courts, he does not seem to have been very largely employed in either, and it is probable that he studied law mainly with the view of making it a stepping-stone to political preferment. He was for three years a member of the State Senate for Hunterdon County, and for one year president of that body. Had he lived, he would no doubt have arisen to greater eminence. He died June 24, 1853.t William F. Clemson came from Philadelphia to Flemington a young man. He was licensed as an at- torney at the September term (1835), as a counselor in 1838, and located at the county-seat for two or three years, then went to Belvidere, N. J., where he re- mained until after the execution of Parks and Carter, whom he was engaged in defending, when he removed with a portion of Parks' family to Ohio. John C. Elmendoef, a native of Somerset County, admitted to the bar in 1837, came as a young man to Flemington to find a field for legal sway, but after a few months' residence removed from the place. He became a counselor-at-law in 1841. He has been a register in bankruptcy since 1867. For fifteen years he was public prosecutor for Middlesex, and for twenty-two years (1854^76) treasurer of Rutgers Col- lege. He married Maria L. Frelinghuysen. He is now practicing at New Brunswick, N. J. John H. Wakefield, licensed as an attorney in September, 1843, and as counselor in 1857, practiced for several years very acceptably at the Hunterdon bar, but removed to Boston, where he had a brother of distinction, and took quite a distinguished stand himself, but only lived a few years after taking up his residence there. t See also sketch of Dr, Manuers, with "Medical Profession," in thia work. JOHN N. VOORHEES. THE BENCH AND BAR OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 211 Col. Peter I. Clakk, one of the most prominent and Mghly - esteemed members of the bar of this county, was born in the city of New Brunswick in 1790. He was the second son of the Rev. Joseph Clark, D.D. He graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1809. He afterwards taught a female sem- inary in his native city. He studied law there, and removed to Flemington about 1815. He held very many positions of trust in the community in which he lived, and his integrity as well as his talents were fully tested in his incumbency of responsible stations. " Able, faithful, and scrupulously honest" is the uni- versal verdict. He took considerable interest in mar- tial affairs, and as early as 1828 was major of the Fourth Regiment, Hunterdon brigade of militia; subsequently he was raised to the grade of a Colonel. He was a member of the State Convention of 1828, which instructed its nominees for electors to cast their votes for Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun. He took a prominent part in politics, was a warm friend of the Bible cause, and one of the first members of the County Bible Society. He was its president from 1846 to 1849. He was a devoted Christian, becoming a melnber of the Presbyterian Church in 1842, and an elder about thirteen years later. "His noble, com- manding presence, frank and genial countenance, rich, musical voice, courteous dignity, and suavity of manner" come readily to the remembrance of all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. He died in 1863. George A. Allen, of Flemington, was born at Westport, Conn., descended from a family of English origin, who were among the early settlers of Con- necticut. After receiving a good preparatory educa- tion, George commenced teaching school, being thus employed at Milfbrd, Conn., and later at Flemington, N. J. At the latter place he entered the office of Judge James N. Reading (now of Morris, 111.), and so thoroughly prosecuted his studies as to be admitted to the bar in May, 1844. In January, 1848, he was li- censed as a counselor-at-law. In 1850 he married Mary, daughter of Charles Bonnell, of Flemington. In 1856 he, with others, founded the Hunterdon Re- publican, was long one of its editors and proprietors. In 1861, upon the first call for troops, he enlisted as a private in the Third New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Regiment, being subsequently promoted to a cap- taincy. On the expiration of his term of service he returned to Flemington and resumed his legal prac- tice. "As a Chancery lawyer he enjoyed a reputation second to none in the State. He prepared his cases with the utmost care, . . . and in arguing a case ar- ranged the facts and circumstances in the most forcible and logical manner, never allowing judge or jury to lose sight of the main points. . . . His undoubted probity and his unswerving devotion to the interests of his clients placed him at the head of the profession in this section ofthe State."* His eldest son, William * Biographical EncyclopEedia of NeT? Jersey, pp. 64, 65* D. Allen, was admitted to practice at the bar in 1875,. and his second son, Charles W., after graduating at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the City of New York, and taking a course at the Medical Uni- versity in Vienna, Austria, received the appointment of assistant port physician at Boston, which position he now holds. Alexander B. is engaged in the drug business in Flemington, and Edward B., the youngest,, is now at school. John N. Voorhees was born at Bound Valley, Hunterdon Co., March 4, 1835. He is a son of the late Judge Peter E. Voorhees. He was prepared for college at the grammar-school of Rutger's, New Bruns- wick, and entered that college in 1850, graduating in 1854. He immediately entered the law-office of Hon. Alexander Wurts, at Flemington, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1857. After admission, Mr. Voorhees at once commenced the practice of his profession at White House, Hun- terdon Co., where he remained till 1871, when he removed to Flemington and became a law-partner of Hon. John T. Bird, in the firm of Bird & Voorhees. The following year Chester Van Syckel was admitted as a partner, and the firm became Bird, Voorhees & Van Syckel, and so continued till the senior partner retired, in 1873. The firm of Voorhees & Van Syckel practiced about one year, when they dissolved, and Mr. Voorhees associated with him his former student, George H. Large, who still remains in this relation. These firms have controlled a large and profitable practice, and among their clients have been several important railroad corporations. Mr. Voorhees has been connected with a number of criminal cases, no- ticeable among which are the Patenburg rioters and Brenan murder cases, the successful management of which has given him a high reputation as an advocate. He was appointed by Governor Randolph prose- cutor of the pleas for Hunterdon County, a position he resigned after holding the appointment one year. He is in politics a Democrat, and has rendered his party good service as a speaker at mass-meetings and other gatherings. He ip, however, no politician, nor has he ever sought or held any office of a political character, his large and increasing legal business leaving him little time to devote to other matters. Mr. Voorhees has been twice married : first, Dec. 8, 1857, to Ellen, daughter of John K. Large, of White House, N. J. She died Aug. 23, 1863. He married for his second wife Hannah M., sister of the above, Sept. 26, 1865. He has a son and a daughter by the first marriage. Richard S. Ktthl, of Flemington, was born near that place Aug. 24, 1839, and is the son of Leonard P. Kuhl, a prominent citizen and farmer of the county. He graduated at Lawrenceville in 1860, and the fol- lowing year entered the law-office of B. Van Syckel, now one of the New Jersey Supreme Court judges. He remained under his preceptorship four years, when he was admitted to the bar as an attorney-at- 212 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. . law, February, 1864. He at once commenced the practice of his profession in Flemington ; was admit- ted to practice as a counselor in February, 1867. " His progress in his profession was rapid, and he soon took ranli as one of the leading lawyers of the county. He is a fine and effective spealjer. He was one of the counsel for the defense in the case of the Patenburg rioters,— a case wliich attracted much at- tention a few years since. For a long time he was secretary of the Hunterdon County Agricultural So- ciety. He has always been prominent in every move- ment of his town, social, moral, or financial."* John T. Bied is a native of Bethlehem township, this county, born Aug. 16, 1829. He attended the public schools of his neighborhood and a classical academy at Hackettstown, N. J. He studied for the bar with the Hon. A. G. Richey, of Asbury, and was admitted during the November term of 1855. He practiced for three years at Bloomsburj', N. J. In 1862 he was licensed as a counselor, and the following year appointed by Governor Parker prosecutor of the pleas of Hunterdon County, which office he held five years. After seven years' residence at Clinton he removed to Flemington, in 1865. In 1868 he was elected, and in 1872 re-elected, to Congress by the Democratic party. In Congress he took an active part. His speeches were printed, and gave evidence of a thorough understanding of the subjects under con- sideration. His speech on the civil service, in 1872, was considered by the opposition as the ablest that had been delivered in Congress upon that question. At the close of his second term he resumed the prac- tice of law at Flemington. He is an earnest and working Democrat, a member of the Presbyterian Church, is interested in Sabbath-school work, and was for one term president of the County Bible Society. As a lawyer he is engaged upon most of the leading cases coming before the Hunterdon County courts. He was married in 1854 to Annie, daughter of Thomas Hilton, of Bloomsbury, Hunterdon Co. In the Demo- cratic conventions of 1877 and 1880 he was a promi- nent candidate for the nomination for Governor. He was engaged as one of the counsel in the case of the Patenburg rioters, and also assisted in the prosecu- tion of Brennan, charged with the murder of his wife, at High Bridge, both being cases of note not only in this county, but exciting much interest throughout the State. Jacob Weart was born June 8, 1829, in Hopewell township, then in Hunterdon County. The birth- place of Mr. Weart was adjacent to the line between Hunterdon and Somerset, and his father afterwards extended his farm by the purchase of lands in Som- erset which were annexed thereto. He resided with his father until the spring of 1848, when he went to Clinton, Hunterdon Co., to study law with Dr. John Manners, who was both a lawyer and a physician. * Biographical Encyclopajdia of New Jersey, p. 149. In 1849 he opened an office at New Germantown and commenced practicing in the justice's court, still con- tinuing his legal studies. In the latter part of 1850 he entered the office of the late Ezra Darby, of Eliza- beth ; he also studied with John J. Chetwood, com- pleting his legal reading with Chief Justice Mercer Beasley, of Trenton, in 1852, when he removed to Jer- sey City, where he has since resided. Mr. Weart was licensed as an attorney and solicitor June term, 1852, and as a counselor-at-law June term, 1855. From March, 1867, until April, 1871, he was internal revenue collector for the Fifth District of New Jersey; during his incumbency he collected and paid into the Treasury nearly ten million dollars. He conceived the idea of erecting a monument to the memory of John Hart, one of the signers of the Dec- laration of Independence from New Jersey, and drew the act appropriating the money by the State, — the first appropriation ever made by tbe State of New Jersey to commemorate the memory of any of her dead. On the dedication of the toonument, at Hope- well, July 4, 1865, Mr. Weart made the opening ad- dress, and Governor Joel Parker delivered the oration and eulogy.f Both as a lawyer and an advocate, as a writer and an orator, Mr. Weart reflects credit not only upon the county of his nativity, Hunterdon, but upon the home of his adoption, Hudson County. Edmund Peeey was born at Basking Ridge, Som- erset Co., Oct. 4, 1825. He was sixth among the sons of Samuel Perry, three of whom were members of the bar of New Jersey and one a physician. Edmund at an early age taught school for a time at Clarksville, in this county ; he afterwards studied law at Asbury with Hon. A. G. Richey, now of Trenton, and further prosecuted his legal studies at New Brunswick. He was admitted to the bar in October, 1848, and began practice at New Hampton, from whence he removed to Flemington. For a time he was editor and pub- lisher of the Hunterdon Democrat, a journal estab- lished at the last-named place. In 1859 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1861 chosen by that body as its president, which honorable station he filled with dignity and in a manner that gained him much praise. As president of the Senate he officially received President Lincoln when he passed through Trenton, en route to Washington, previous to his first inauguration. Mr. Perry was chairman of the judi- ciary committee for two years. He was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1866, and served five years. He was a prominent member of the Democratic party, and his acquaintance was ex- tensive throughout the State ; during many years he was the intimate and esteemed friend of the Stock- tons, Chancellor Williamson, and others of the old leaders of the party. f Mr. Weart's address at Hopewell at the " Centennial Celebration," July 4, 1876, was published in various newspapers and in "Flowers' Family Magazine," vol. i. p. 261. '''»''--a_^,r„,„j/ 5«rto"«- cnt THE BENCH AND BAR OP HUNTERDON COUNTY. 213 Mr. Perry had ever a warm and true heart for his friends, manifesting an untiring devotion to their in- terest and an earnest zeal for their preferment or honor. He gave much attention to politicSj was a zealous partisan, and was considered one of the shrewdest politicians of this section. He died, after a short illness, Nov. 2, 1878,* and left a widow and three children, — ^two sons (hoth members of the bar) and a daughter. Samuel E. Perry is now practicing law in Lambertville, and Belmont Perry is prosecutor of the pleas at Woodbury, N. J. For many years Mr. Perry was more or less prominently connected with public affairs, and enjoyed the commanding in- fluence of a leader. July 15, 1848, he married Eliza- beth A., daughter of John T. White and Charlotte L. Woodbridge, of Hartford, Conn. Edward Payson Conkling was born in Boonton, Morris Co., N. J., Aug. 10, 1847. His grandfather on his father's side, Thomas Wheeler Conkling, was for many years principal of one of the public schools in the city of New York, and was subsequently a mer- chant and farmer on Long Island, where he died at an advanced age. His father. Rev. Cornelius S. Conkling, was born in the city of New York, and came to New Jersey as a clergyman, settling at Boon- ton, Morris Co., where he preached several years ; he afterwards settled in West Milford, Passaic Co., and after preaching there a few years removed to Mount Pleasant, Hunterdon Co., for which he was elected county superintendent of public schools in 1872, and held the office seven years, when he removed to Stock- ton, N. J., where he now resides. He married Cla- rissa C. Mowbray, and had three children, of whom Edward Payson Conkling is the only survivor. The subject of this notice received the rudiments of his education at the common schools of Mount Pleasant, and at a private school taught in that vil- lage by his father. He was prepared for college at the academy in Carversville, Bucks Co., Pa., and en- tered the sophomore class at Lafayette College, Eas- ton, Pa., where he graduated in 1869. Subsequent to graduation he taught one winter in the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, at Towanda, Pa., and then com- menced the study of law with the late George A. Allen, of Flemington. He was admitted to the bar in 1872, and for two years practiced in partnership at Flemington with Hon. John T. Bird. He then opened an office for himself in Flemington, where he has continued in practice ever since. Mr. Conkling is a Democrat and one of the rising lawyers of his county, having attained a good prac- tice in all the courts of the State. He has taken some active part in politics, but with a view of securing the election of others rather than office for himself. His talents and energies have been chiefly devoted to the interests of his profession. * His remainB were conveyed to Newark, N. J., by a special triiin gen- erously proTided by the Central Railroad Cumpaoy, and there interred in the old family-plat in the Eiver View Cemetery. Mr. Conkling married Miss N. Jennie Kee, daugh- ter of John Kee, of Flemington, in 1872, and has three children, all sons. Augustus E. Sanderson, of Lebanon, was born in Littletoii, Mass., Feb. 15, 1832. Educated at the Appleton Seminary, Mount Vernon, N. H., in 1854 he removed to Lebanon, N. J., and commenced the study of law with M. D. Trefren. He was licensed as an attorney in 1858, and made a counselor in 1863. Immediately after his admission to the bar he com- menced the practice of law at Lebanon. For several years he was township superintendent of schools ; in 1870 he was elected a member of the Assembly, and again in 1871. During both sessions he served on the judiciary committee. He also introduced the first free school bill, which, as supplemented by the Kun- yon bill, is at present the existing school law of the State. He has the respect of his fellow-townsmen as well as of the members of the legal fraternity. He was married, in 1856, to Mary A. Groeiidyke, of Lebanon. Edward R. Bullock, of Flemington, was born in Falls township, Bucks Co., Pa., Oct. 17, 1818; hia parents were descended from English Quakers. At the age of sixteen Edward was apprenticed to a marble-cutter in Trenton, N. J., with whom he stayed five years, and afterwards worked at the same busi- ness untn 1842, when he went to Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., but remained only one year, again re- suming his trade. In 1847 he came to Flemington, and set up the marble-cutting business on his own account. At the age of thirty-five (1853) he read law with A. V. Van Fleet, now vice-chancellor ; he was admitted to the bar in June, 1857, and licensed as a counselor June, 1866. In 1868 he was appointed prosecutor of pleas for Hunterdon County, and held the office until 1871. In 1870 he was made United States commissioner. " His advancement in the pro- fession, like his preparation for it, has been gradual, but thorough and sure. The qualities, indeed, that shaped his earlier career, so checkered and eventful as to have been almost romantic, could hardly fail to inspire the admiration and trust of his fellow-citizens, and in the long run to assure his solid triumph." He was married in 1844 to Janet Pollock, of Easton, Pa. His eldest son, James I., a captain in the Fifteenth New Jersey Volvmteers, was lost with the steamer " General Lyon," and his only surviving son, John A., is a member of the Hunterdon bar. Peter Vredenburgh* was a native of Hunter- don County, being born at Beadington in 1805. He was the son of Dr. Peter Vredenburgh, of Somerville ; graduated at Rutgers in 1826 ; studied law ; was li- censed as an attorney in 1829, and afterwards prac- ticed and resided in Monmouth County. He was a distinguished lawyer, and had high official honors f His BOD, Maj. Peter Vredenburgh, Jr., was killed at the battle of Winchebter, Va. ^2U HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. ■conferred upon him, one of whicli was the position of associate justice of the Supreme Court, which he held for fourteen years. He died in 1873. Nathaniel W. Vooehees, although a native of Somerset (born at Mine Brook, June 29, 1829), has spent the latter half of his life in Hunterdon. After his graduation from Rutgers, in 1847, he read law with the Hon. Eichard S. Field, of Princeton. Ad- mitted to the bar in 1852, four years later he removed to Clinton, Hunterdon Co., where he served for sev- eral years as cashier of a banking company, and later accepted the cashiership of the First National Bank of Clinton, which position he still retains. In 1873, A vacancy occurring on the bench of the Common Pleas Court, he was appointed judge, and filled the position so acceptably that he was tendered the ap- pointment for the succeeding and full term ; this, how- ever, he declined, 'as he has refused other proffered official honors. But Mr. Voorhees was named in 1875 as a candidate for secretary of the State Senate, and by that body was elected. He was re-elected the suc- •ceeding year. His wife is Naomi, daughter of Samuel Leigh, of Clinton ; they were married in 1854. John C. Raffeety, son of William Eafferty, D.D., president of St. John's College, Annapolis, Md., a native of Ireland, was born at Woodbury, N. J., Dec. 29, 1816. He was graduated from Yale College in 1835, and studied law with A. D. Logan, in New York City ; attended the Cambridge law-school in 1837-38, and was admitted to practice in New York in 1838. In 1841 he married a daughter of O. W. Ogden, and settled in New Germantown, Hunterdon Co., where he engaged in agriculture and milling. In 1853 he was admitted to practice as an attorney in New Jersey. In 1855 he was State senator for Hun- terdon County, in 1859 secretary of the Senate, and in 1860 re-elected as the same. In 1862 he moved to Flemington and resumed the practice of the law, be- ing licensed as a counselor in 1863. The same year he was appointed by the Governor State military agent at Washington for New Jersey, which position he filled with great credit until March, 1866, when he returned to Flemington. For the years 1867-69 he was county superintendent of public schools. In 1872 he was again elected secretary of the State Senate. He is now (1880) practicing his profession as public prosecutor (appointed in 1877) and residing at Flem- ington. Alexander H. Holcombe was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 1853, as a counselor in 1858. He resides at Lambertville, where he is engaged in practice. Martin Wyckoff was born in Hunterdon County, near White House, in 1834. He studied law with Hon. Alex. Wurts, of Flemington, where he resided until admitted to the bar, in 1860. He served with distinction throughout the war of the Rebellion, — first in the Third, later in the Thirty-first, Regiment, — and afterwards resumed his profession at Asbury, N. J. He married, in 1862, a daughter of Hugh Capner, of Flemington ; she died in 1876. OCTAVIUS P. Chambeelin, born in Delaware town- ship, Hunterdon Co., in 1882, was graduated at the University of Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, in 1859, and studied law with George A. Allen of Flemington ; was admitted to the bar in 1864, and forthwith began a practice which has steadily grown to the present time. He was appointed prosecutor of the pleas for Hunterdon County, — an office which he held until 1877. He is a forcible and persuasive speaker, a patient, indefatigable, and faithful attorney. William W. Miller, the gifted young lawyer, although he never practiced his profession in Hunter- don County, was a native of it. He was graduated at Princeton before he was sixteen, then read law with Theodore Frelinghuysen ; was admitted to the bar in 1818, at the age of twenty-one years. He resided, after his admission, at Morristown, and later at New- ark. His career, which opened most brilliantly, was prematurely closed by his death, at Paris, France, July 24, 1825, at the early age of twenty-eight years. He was buried at "P6re la Chaise." His speech in behalf of the Greeks, in Trinity church, Newark, in 1824, won for him applause which rang through the whole country, and is still spoken of as a masterpiece of eloquence. Chester Van Syckel, son of the late Aaron Van Syckel, was born in Union township, this county, June 6, 1838. His preparatory education was received at the school of Rev. John Vanderveer, Easton, Pa., and in 1859 he entered Lafayette College. He was grad- uated A.M. from Princeton College in 1859. He at once began his legal studies in the office of his brother, Bennet, and at the November term, 1862, of the Supreme Court was admitted to practice as an attorney, and as a counselor in February, 1867. For two years he was associated in business with his brother, and afterwards was a member of the suc- cessive law-firma of Bird, Voorhees & Van Syckel aud Voorhees & Van Syckel until 1872, since when he has practiced alone. He has for years been a special Master in Chancery and a Commissioner of the Su- preme Court. His' standing at the bar is high. Charles A. Skillman, of Lambertville, was born Dec. 16, 1827, in Hopewell, Mercer Co., N. J. His great-grandfather was an early settler in the Millstone Valley, now Somerset County. Charles was a gradu- ate of Princeton in 1847 ; studied law with William Halstead, of Trenton ; was admitted to the bar in November, 1851, and the next year removed to Lam- bertville, which place has since been his residence. In 1858 he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas for Hunterdon County, — a position he held for four years. " He enjoys a high reputation not only as a lawyer and an officer, but as a man and a citizen." John F. Dumont, born near New Germantown, Hunterdon Co., Nov. 11, 1824, was of Huguenot ex- traction, his ancestors leaving France shortly after THE BENCH AND BAE OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 215 the massacre of St. Bartholomew and settling in Som- erset County about 1710. His grandfather William, and his maternal grandfather, John Finley, both figured prominently in the Revolutionary army. In 1845, John F. entered the law-ofBce of S. B. Eansom, of Somerville, with whom he remained until admitted to the bar, in January, 1849. He practiced at New Germantown until 1852, when, having been licensed as counselor and appointed prosecutor of the pleas for Hunterdon County, he removed to Flemington. In 1856 he moved to Phillipsburg, Warren Co., where he still resides and practices his profession. He mar- ried, in 1853, Annie E., daughter of Rev. David Kline. Theodore J. Hoitman, of Clinton, was born in Clinton township, of this county. He was a graduate of Rutgers and a student of S. B. Ransom, of Somer- ville (now of Jersey City). He was admitted to prac- tice in 1854, and was located at Asbury, N. J., until 1860, when he enlisted as a private in the Eighth New Jersey Regiment ; after the close of the war he resumed the practice of law at Clinton, his native place, where he has. since remained. "Mr. Hoflfman has been engaged in a number of notable suits in the New Jersey courts, that, perhaps, which gained him greatest credit being the celebrated case of John F. ytiger vs. The Central Railroad of New Jersey," in -which he was the attorney of record. He married (1855) Amanda, daughter of the late Aaron Van ■Syckel. Chaeles Baetles was for many years connected -with- the bar in active practice in Flemington. In 1822 he entered the law-office of Nathaniel Sax- ton, at Flemington, and in 1824 was admitted to the bar. He opened an office in Flemington, and there practiced law for twenty years. During that time, and particularly in later years, he was interested in real-estate operations, railroad matters, etc. (For a further notice of this gentleman see history of the vil- lage of Flemington, in this work.) Stephen B. Ransom, born at Salem, Conn., Oct. 12, 1814, in the years of his early manhood engaged in school-teaching, officiating at New Germantown and elsewhere. He studied law under Phineas B. Kennedy, oif Belvidere, and William Thompson, of Somerville, and was admitted to the bar in September, . 1844. For three years he practiced law at New Ger- mantown. He afterwards removed to Somerville, and -subsequently to Jersey City, where he now resides. He was twice married, his first wife being Maria C, daughter of Jacob Apgar, a merchant of Hunterdon County, who went to California and died there in 1849. Mr. Ransom was the candidate for Governor on the Prohibition ticket in 1880. John A. Bullock was born at Easton, Pa., March 6, 1847, and removed to Flemington with his parents in April of the same year ; he commenced to learn the trade of printer, and pursued it for nearly four years ; afterwards read law with his father, Edward R. Bullock ; was admitted to the bar in 1869, and has since practiced his profession; in 1872 married Eliza A., daughter of David Van Fleet, of Flemington. He is a promising and rising young lawyer. John L. Connet was born in Bedminster town- ship, Somerset Co., Oct. 10, 1848; entered Rutgers College in September, 1867, but withdrew, after a two years' course, to commence the occupation of teach- ing, and subsequently received the degree of A.B. ; in July, 1869, he began studying law with R. S. Kuhl, of Flemington ; he was admitted to the bar in 1873, and has earned a reputation for sound judgment and legal knowledge ; married, in 1879, Rosalie, daughter of Hervey C. Finch, of Flemington. He is a very earnest and painstaking lawyer, and faithful in an eminent degree to the interests of his clients. Lambeet H. Seegeant, son of Gershom C. Ser- geant, was born near Flemington, N. J., in 1841. The family is of German lineage. Until his eighteenth year Lambert assisted his father upon the farm and attended the neighboring schools, finishing with a two years' course at the Flemington High School. He spent four years in legal study under the preceptpr- ship of Bennett Van Syckel, and then entered the Law Department of the University of Albany, from which he returned a Bachelor of Laws in May, 1868. He then returned to the office of Judge Van Syckel, and remained with him until the November term of the Supreme Court, when he was admitted to the bar. The next month he located in Lambert-ville and com- menced the practice of law. In 1873 he was appointed city solicitor, and again in 1876. In 1874 and 1875 he was elected mayor, and, for the third time, in 1876. May 6, 1874, he married Sadie, daughter of William Scarborough, of New Hope, Pa. Among other noted lawyers and jurists who, al- though never practicing their profession in this county, were natives of it, or here received their legal train- ing, may be mentioned Judge James Buchanan, Augustus G. Richey, Henry D. Maxwell, Woodbury D. Holt, of Trenton, etc. Judge James Buchanan, a distinguished member of the Trenton bar, is not only a native of Hunterdon County, but here received his early education, here began the study of the law, and here passed all his years nearly to the time of his admission to the bar, in 1864. And, although Mercer County has the benefit of his talents and his record, it is again to Hunterdon he looks when choosing a helpmate for life. He attended the public schools and Clinton / Academy, read law with Hon. J. T. Bird, of Flem- ington, and in 1873 married Mary I. Bullock, of the same place. Hon. Augustus G. Richey, another member of the Trenton bar, was prepared for his profession in Hunterdon County, in the office of Col. James N, Reading, Flemington, and in 1844' selected his wife from among Hunterdon's fair daughters,— Annie G., eldest daughter of Hon. Isaac G. Farley. 216 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. MEMBERS OF THE HUNTBRBON COUNTY BAR. The following is a list of the bar of this county, showing the names of all attorneys admitted since the year 1820, with dates of their admission to practice. An examination of the Supreme Court records will show that all the lawyers admitted prior to 1820, for Hunterdon, are deceased, and that the Hon. Alex- ander Wurts, of Flemington, was, at the time of his death, the oldest living member of the bar of this county. This list, with the exception of those marked as deceased, removed, and out of practice, comprises the present bar of Hunterdon County : 1820. — Alexander Wurts.* 1821.— William H. Sloau.* 1824.— Charles Bartles.f 1829.— Peter Vredenburgh, Jr.J 1832. — James N. Reading.! 1836.— William F. Olemson.t 1837.— John C. Elmendorf.f 1843.— John H. Wakefield.* 1844. — George A. Allen,* Stephen B. RanBom.l 1848.— Edmund Perry.* 1849.— John F. DumontJ 1850.— Sylvester G. Hill. 1861.— Bennet Van SyckelJ Charles A. Skillman. 1862.— Abram V. Van Fleet, Nathaniel W. Voorhees.} 1863. — John C. Rafferty, Alexander H. Holcombe. 1854.— Theodore J. Hoffman. 1865.— John T. Bird. 1857. — J. Newton Voorhees, Edward B. Bullock. 1858. — Augustus E. Sanderson. 1859.— Martin Wyokoff.J: 1862.— Chester Van Syckel. 1863.— John Belmont Perry .J 1864.— Octavius P. Ohamberlin, Theodore Abbott, Richard S. Kuhl. 1868. — Lambert H. Sergeant, Martin L. Trimmer. | 1869.— John A. Bullock, James L. Van Syckel.J 1870.— John H. Nunu. 1871.— Edward P. Conkling. 1872.— H. Burdett Herr, John Lilly. 1873. — John L. Connett, George W. Dunham. 1874.— Edward B. Reeder. 1876.— William D. Allen, Henry A. Fluck, George H. Large. 1876. — Asa Jones, H. G. Chamberlin. 1877.— Albert B. Kline, James A. Kline, Wilmer F. Herr, Samuel E. Perry, Wm. Bellis, Jr. 1878.— J. W. Creveling. 1879.— Paul A. Queen, George F. Hanson, Henry C. Suydam, Willard C. Parker, John C. Pyatt,! Oliver I. Blackwell, C. H. Skillman. 1880.— A. 0. Hulsizer, Walter F.Hayhurst, William E. Purcell, Benjamin W. Ellicott, Lawrence S. Mott. CHAPTER VI. THE MEDICAL PBOFESSIOIT OF HTJlSTTEKDOIir COUBTTY. Medicine and Doctors in the Early Days— The District Medical Society of Hunterdon County— Biographical Sketches of the Physicians of the County, both dead and living — History of Homoeopathy in Hunterdon, etc. Dr. John Blane, in his "Medical History of Hunterdon County," referring to the practice of the early days, says,-— * Deceased. t Not now practicing. J Removed. " Every neighborhood appears to have had some one who could bleed and extract teeth ; some (generally German) could cup. OccasiouHlly a ' handy man' could straighten a crooked bone if it was broken, get great credit for doing so, and was called a doctor. Female accoucheurs were plentiful, particularly among the German and English part of the popu- lation. " In nearly all cases the remedies were the growth of the soil, but very little ' apothecary medicine* being used, and that of the most simple kind. Lingering cases among the wealthy received attention from a great dis- tance, — Burlington, Bucks County, and Philadelphia. Easton was little known, Somerville had not come into existence. lu looking over' the county map and gathering all the information tangible on the subject, I find the following-named places have been locations and centres for the profession {they are arranged according to the date of the first physician locating) : Pittstown, 1748 ; South Branch and Three Bridges, 1750; Beth- lehem and upper part of Kingwood,g 1760; New Germantown, 1766 Flemington, 1765; Quakertown, 1760; Ringos, 1771; Hamden, 1783 Readington, 1784; Milford, 1700; Oakdale, or Barber Station,^ 1790 Prallsville.g 1791; Reaville,1791 ; New Hampton, 1800 ; Bloomsbury, 1800 White House, 1800 ; Lambertville, 1802;.Milltown,g 1807; CUnton, 1810 Boar's Head,g 1812 ; Clarksville, 1812 ; Spring Mills.J 1816 ; Frenchtown, 1820; Everittstown, 1821; Mount Pleasant,? 1827; Barbertown,g 1828 Lebanonville, 1831; I'en^ville, 1831; Clover Hill, 1836; Kocktown,J 1838; Sergeantsville, 1840; Little York, 1840; Bosemont, 1841; Stanton, 1841; Woodsville, 1846; California, 1861 ; Centreville, 1851 ; Fairmount, formei ly Fox Hlll.g 1863 ; Annandale, 1866 ; Wert6Ville,g 1866 ; Meclian- icsville, 1860; Baptisttown, 1860; Mountainville, 1861; Stockton, 1866; Junction, 1866; Cokesburg. 1868; High Bridge, 1809; and New Mar- ket§ at what date I cannot ascertain." "THE DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY FOR THE COUNTY OE HUNTERDON" was organized June 12, 1821, at Flemington, by per- mit and authority of the State Medical Society. The members at organization were Drs. Nicholas Belle- ville, || John McKelway,|| James T. Clark, || Joseph Phillips, II William Johnson, || Henry B. Poole, || Wil- liam P. Clark, II John Bowne,|| William Geary, || Henry S. Harris, John A. Hendry, || Heniy H. Schenck,|| Edmund Porter, || John Sloan, || John Lilly, || 0. W> Ogden,|| William Barnet,|| Isaac Ogden,|| and Henry Holcombe. II The following is a list of those who have since joined the society, with the date of their admission: 1823.- 1824.- 1826.- 1826.- 1827.- 1828,- 1836.- 1846.- 1847.- 1848.- 1849.- 1860.- 1861.- 1852.- 1863.- 1854.- 1866.- 1866.- 1857.- 1859.- -May 6, (John B. Price ; October 28, John F. Schenck. -May 4, Ulsrael L, Coriell, ||W. A. A. Hunt. -May 3, ||G. W. Case. -May 2, ]|David P. Hunt. -May 1, IJJohn Houeyman. -April 29, pierrill W. Williams.lf -May 3, John Blane, ||Jacob E. Hedges, ||WilIiam Duryea, ILewis R. Needham, ||Henry Field, ||Joseph A. Landis; Joseph Welling.lf |]John Manners, [Cicero Hunt, George P. Rex. -July 14, IIHenry Southard, Benjamin Davidson.^f -May 3, ||Josiah Quimby, ||Samuel Lilly, ||John H. Phillips,. Thomas E. Hunt ; October 26, || William R. Hand. -October 24, Henry Race. -May 1, Albert S. Clark ;f November 16, HJames Pyatt. -October 22, Justice Lessey.T[ -May 6, ||Jacob R. Ludlow, ||Abm. T. B. Van Doren; October 28, William S. Creveling. -May 4, [|Williard P. Combs, [Henry Smith. -May 3, HCharles Bartolette, fA. J. McKelway, || James Riley. -May 9, [A. H. Koon; October 26, Isaac S. Creamer, Simeon T. Dana. I -May 8, [John Leavett, ||J. Alfred Gray, Henry Wagoner.f -May 3, D. W. C. Hough.f -October 20, Matthias Abel. -May 10, John Grandin, N. B. Boileau. § Have ceased to be locations for physicians. II Deceased. ^ Removed from county. THE MEDICAL PKOFESSION OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 217 I860. — May 8, George H. Xjarison, *Henry B. Nightingale, *Alexander Barclay. 1861.— October 29, John Linaberry. 1862.— May 13, Moses D. Knight, •Thomas M. Bartolette, Beriah A. Watson it October 28, 'William Eice.f 1864.— May 10, C. W. Larison; October 25, *James H. Studdiford. 1865.— May 9, Irenus B. Glen ;t October 24, fLevi Tarrow, George R. Sullivan. 1866.— October 23, George T. Bibble, Asher Biley, *John K. Todd. 1867.— May 14, B. B. Matthews ;t October 22, Theodore H. Studdiford, Obadiah H. Sproul, *Charles R. Cowdric. 1868.— May 12, George B. Tonng.t 1869.— April 16, John Q. Bird jt October 19, Jeremiah 0. Hoff, Charles Thompson,! *Bichard Ludlow, Nathan Caae.-f 1870.— April 19, Austin W. Annitage;t October 18, A. S. Pittinger. 1871.— October 17, *Charle8 M. Lee, William Knight. 1873.— April 1.5, William H. Schenck, Albert Shannon. 1875.— April 27, G. W. Bartow. 1876.— October 17, G. M. Best, A. M. K. Beading. 1879.— April 24, E. K. Deemy, John L. Cooper ; October 21, A. 0. Smith, William B. Little. 1880.— October 19, J. H. Ewing. The first officers were Nicholas Belleville, Presi- dent'; William Johnson, Vice-President ; Hervey B. Poole, Secretary ; John Bowne, Treasurer. The first board of censors was composed of Drs. John McKel- way, John Lilly, William P. Clark, and Henry B. Poole, who received their first application in the per- son of John B. Price, Oct. 22, 1822 (a student of Dr. Johnson's), for examination, which was satisfactory, and a certificate granted accordingly ; he afterwards became a member of the society. From 1828 to 1835 the society was inoperative, but was resuscitated in the last-named year. After one or two meetings it " went to sleep," and remained in a somnolent state until 1846, when a new charter was granted. May 12th, by the State society to Drs. John F. Schenck, John Lilly, John Blane, Henry South- ard, and Benjamin Davidson, all of whom (except Dr. Davidson, and he by John Bowne) met at Flem- ington, July 14, 1846, and again organized by electing John Bowne president, John Lilly vice-president, John F. Schenck treasurer, and Henry Southard sec- retary. Since that time the society has gone on in a progressive manner. The successive presidents have been : 1821, Nicholas Belleville ; 1822, John Bowne ; 1823, Isaac Ogden ; 1824, William Johnson; 1825, John Lilly; 1826, John McKelway; 1827, Israel Coriell ; 1828, John Honeyman ; 1836, WilUam Johnson ; 1846, John Bowne; 1847, John Lilly; 1848, John Blane; 1849, William Johnson; 1860, W. A. A. Hnnt; 1851, Albert S. Clark ; 1862, Samuel Lilly ; 1853, Thomas E. Hunt ; 1864, Justus Lessey ; 1855, John Blane ; 1856, A. S. Clark ; 1857, William Johnson; 1869, John F. Schenck; 1860, John Leavett; 1861, William S. Creveling; 1862, H. B. Night- ingale ; 1863, Matthias Abel ; 1864, Isaac S. Cramer ; 1866, J. A. Gray ; 1866, N. B. Boileau ; 1867, J. H. Studdiford ; 1868, 1. R. Glen ; 1869, Samuel Lilly ; 1870, C. W. Larisou ; 1871, Matthias Abel ; 1872, Wil- liam S. Creveling; 1873, M. D. Knight ; 1874, A. S. Pittinger ; 1876, T. H. Studdiford ; 1876, George E. Sullivan ; 1877, N. B. Boileau ; 1878, George H. Larison , 1879, William H. Schenck ; 1880, Albert Shannon. The secretaries of the society have been : 1821-26, Henry B. Poole; 1826-36, John P. Schenck; 1836, L. R. Need- ham; 1846, Henry Southard; 1847-51, Samuel Lilly; 1861, J. E. Ludlow; 1852-65, Willard F. Combs; 1865-69, Alfred Gray; 1859-63, L S. Cramer; 1863, H. B. Nightingale; 1864-71, G. H. Larison; 1871 -80, 0. H. Sproul. t Removed from county. The treasurers of the society have been : 1821, John Bowne; 1822-23, W. P. Clark; 1824-28, Henry Holcombe; 1836-45, John Lilly; 1846-49, John F. Schenck; 1850-54, George P. Rex; 1866-68, John P. Schenck ; 1859-80, John Blane. The board of censors have been : 1821, John Bowne, John Lilly, H. B. Poole, H. S. Harris; 1822, John McKelway, John Lilly, William P. Clark, H. B. Poole ; 1823, John McKelway, John Lilly, H. B. Poole, William Johnson ; 1824, John Bowne, J. McKelway, H. B. Poole, John Lilly ; 1826, John Bowne, H. B. Poole, John A. Hendry, H. Holcombe ; 1826, John McKelway, H. B. Poole, William Johnson, John Bowne, John Lilly ; 1827-28, J. Bowne, J. Lilly, William Johnson, J. F. Schenck, Israel L. Coriell ; 1847, J. Lilly, William Johnson, John Blane, Henry Southard; 1848, J. Lilly, William Johnson, J. F. Schenck, G. P. Eex ; 1849, J. Lilly, J. Blane, J. F. Schenck, G. P. Eex ; 1860, J. Lilly, J. Blane, A. S. Clark, G. P. Rex ; 1851-52, William Johnson, J. Blane, S. Lilly, G. P. Rex ; 1863, J. Blane, A. S. Clarke, S. Lilly, 6. P. Eex, William Johnson ; 1854, William Johnson, Charles Bartolette, W. S. Crevel- ing, John Blane ; 1855, A. S. Clark, I. S. Cramer, W. S. Creveling, John Blane ; 1866, J. A. Gray, William Johnson, A. H. Koon, John Blane ; 1867, J. A. Gray, William Johnson, S. Lilly, John Blane ; 1858, J. A. Gray, William Johnson, J. F. Schenck, John Blane; 1859, J. A. Gray, William Johnson, I. S. Cramer, W. S. Creveling ; 1860, J. Blane, .John Leavett, I. S. Cramer, J. F. Schenck ; 1861, J. Blane, William Johnson, W. S. CreveUng, J. F. Schenck ; 1862, H. B. Nightingale, N. B. Boileau, J. Blane, M. Abel ; 1863, G. H. Larison, I. S. Cramer, W. S. Creveling, John S. Linaberry ; 1864-66,t N. B. Boileau, M. Abel, William Johnson, J. Blane. Among the papers which have been read before this organization, receiving the approbation of the society, — several of which were published, — we name that by Dr. Clark, 1821, entitled "A Cursory Analysis of the Theory of Health, Predisposition, and Disease ;" Dr. Johnson, 1822, "An Inquiry into the Nature and Cure of Erysipelas;" Dr. John Sloan, 1822, "Intermittent Fever ;" Dr. J. Bowne, 1823, " Observations on Cy- nanche Trachealis;" Dr. J. Lilly, 1826, "Desultory Eemarks on Vaccination ;" Dr. J. Blane, 1850, on "Allowing Graduates to Practice without License;" Dr. G. P. Eex, 1851, "Enteric Fever;" Dr. S. Lilly, 1851, "Epidemic Cholera;" Dr. Creveling, 1853, " Phthisis Pulmonalis ;" Dr. McKelway, 1854, " Psoas Abscess ;" Dr. Johnson, 1856, " Erysipelas" (contir.- ued since 1822) ; Dr. G. H. Larison, 1864, " Small- pox;'' Dr. Glen, "Surgery" (ordered printed); Dr. Blane, 1865, "History of Medical Men and Medi- cine in Upper Towns of Hunterdon County ;" Dr. T. H. Studdiford, 1869, " Prolapsus Uteri ;" Dr. O. H. Sproul, 1869, "Scarlet Fever;" Dr. N. Case, 1870, " Cholera Infantum ;" Dr. M. Abel, 1871, " Report on Practice of Medicine ;" Dr. Boileau, 1871, " Report on Obstetrics" (ordered printed) ; the paper by Dr. Armitage, 1871, on " Phthisis ;" and many others. Of the members of the society the following served as surgeons during the late civil war : Dr. B. A. Wat- son, in Fourth Infantry, Nov. 25, 1864, to July 9, 1865 (as assistant surgeon from March 26, 1863) ; Dr. G. R. Sullivan, in Thirty-ninth Infantry, as assistant surgeon from July 11, 1862, and as surgeon from Sept. 28, 1864, to June 17, 1865; Dr. A. Barclay, Jr., in Thirtieth Infantry, as assistant surgeon, from Sept. 15, 1862, to March 5, 1863 ; and Dr. J. R. Todd, in Sec- X The society has had no censors since 1865. 16 218 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. ond Cavalry as assistant surgeon, from April 15, 1864, to Nov. 1, 1865. Dr. T. H. Studdifcrd was in the medieal department in Baltimore, Md., during the war. Honorary Members.— T\ye, roll contains the following names: Isaac Ogden,* elected May 11, 1826; J. R. Ludlow,* elected Oct. 28, 1851 ; William Johnson,* elected May 8, 1866 ; John F. Schenck, John Blane, elected May 12, 1868; John McKelway,* Henry S. Harris, elected April 18, 1871. The meetings have always, with two exceptions, been held at Flemington, generally alternating be- tween the county-house and the Union Hotel. In 1862 the society met at Perryville, at the oflBce of Dr. John Blane, and in 1864 at the office of Dr. G. H. Larison, in Lambertville. Up to 1872 ninety-four members had been admitted into the society. Of this number twenty -six had been lost by death, four had been expelled, twenty-four had removed from the county or been honorably dis- charged, two by cutting of the county, and seven dropped for delinquency ; leaving, at that date, thirty- one members in good standing. The loss in member- ship since that time has somewhat exceeded the gain by admission of new members ; so that at the present time (1880) the membership numbers twenty-four, as follows : A. Shannon, Stanton, President ; George N. Best, Stockton, First Vice-President ; A. C. Smith, Bloomsbury, Second Vice-President ; O. H. Sproul, Stockton, Secretary ; John Blane, Perryville, Treas- urer ; C. W. Larison, Ringos, Reporter ; W. R. Little, Bloomsbury ; M. Abel, Quakertown ; N. B. Boileau, Perryville ; Isaac S. Cramer, Sergeantsville ; W. H. Schenck, Flemington ; W. S. Creveling, Bethlehem ; T. H. Studdiford, G. H. Larison, Lambertville ; John S. Linabury, Mountainville ; M. D. Knight, Little York ; George R. Sullivan, Flemington ; George T. Ribble, Milford; J. 0. Hoff", Bloomsbury; A. S. Pit- tinger, Glen Gardiner ; William Knight, Clinton ; G. W. Bartow, Three Bridges ; M. K. Reading, Baptist- town ; John H. Ewing, Flemington. Of the members of this society, three have become fellows of the State Medical Society by virtue of hold- ing the officeof president of the latter organization, — • viz., Samuel Lilly* in 1858, John Blane in 1861, and G. H. Larison in 1874. The following are the names of the first physicians who settled at the several points named, with the dates of their commencement of practice : John Rook- hill, at Pittstown, in 1748; George A. Vescelius, South Branch and Three Bridges, 1749; Rev. John Hanna, Bethlehem, 1760 ; Oliver Barnet, New German- town, 1765 ; George Creed, Flemington, 1765 ; Aaron Forman, Quakertown, 1766 ; Gershom Craven, Ringos, 1771 ; John F. Grandin, Hamden, 1783 ; Jacob Jen- nings, Readington, 1784; William McGill, Milford, 1790; Clark, Oakdale, 1790, or earlier; John Bowne, Prallsville, 1791 ; William Prall, Reaville, 1791 I Holmes, New Hampton, about 1800; Isaac Ogden, White House, 1800 ; Richard Kroesen, •Lambertville, 1802 ; Benjamin V. C. Hunt, Clinton, 1810; James Pyatt, Boar's Head, 1812.; Jonathan Axford, Clarksville, 1812 ; John McGloughen, Spring Mills, 1815; Edmund Porter, Frenchtown, 1820; Henry Holcombe, Everittstown, 1821 ; Henry S. Har- ris, Mount Pleasant, 1827 ; William R. Hand, Bar- bertown, 1828; Henry Field, Lebanonville, 1831; John Blane, Perryville, 1831 ; George P. Rex, Clo- ver Hill, 1834; Dunn, Rocktown, 1838; Rich- ard Mershon, Sergeantsville, 1840 ; Thomas T. Mann, Little York, 1840 ; John Barcroft, Rosemont, 1841 ; Henry A. Kirkpatrick, Stanton, 1841; Frederick Gaston, Woodsville, 1846 ; Jacob K. Stryker, Califor- nia, 1849; Joseph Stevenson, Centreville, 1851; George T. Heston, Fairmount, 1853; Robert Fen- wick, Annandale, 1855 ; Louis Blackwell, Wertsville, 1855 ; Hoffman, Mechanicsville, 1860 ; John Leavitt, Baptisttown, 1860 ; John S. Linaberry, Mountainville, 1861 ; O. H. Sproul, Stockton, 1866 ; Robert Fenwick, Junction, 1866 ; William C. Al- paugh, Cokesburg, 1868; William Hackett, High Bridge, 1869. Personal sketches of many of the more prominent medical men of Hunterdon County are here given. John Rockhill. — Dr. Blane, in his " Medical History of Hunterdon County," says of Dr. Rockhill that he was the first regular physician in the county of whom there is any reliable record. He was a son of Edward Rockhill, of Burlington Co., N. J. ; born March 22, 1726 ; studied medicine with Dr. Thomas Cadwallader, of Philadelphia. At the commencement of his medical life, in 1748, he migrated to Pittstown, Hunterdon Co., and there was physician to the So- ciety of Friends. He died there April 7, 1798, and was buried in the Friends' burying-ground at Quaker- town. He married (1) a Miss Robeson, whose brother married the doctor's sister, the grandmother of ex- Secretary of the Navy Robeson. In addition to Blane's record, from which the above is derived, we add that he married (2) Elizabeth Potts, widow of Thomas Potts, who was (1772) sheriff' of Sussex County and a member of the Provincial Assembly of 1776. The doctor had no issue by his second mar- riage. Her children by a former marriage intermar- ried with his by a former wife, and for several gener- ations the Potts and Rockhill families have been closely intermarried. Mrs. Rockhill, who survived her husband some years, was a daughter of ■ Lukens, of Pennsylvania, and sister to the well-known John Lukens, surveyor-general of that State prior to the Revolution. Dr. Rockhill was in some manner related to the old Jersey family of Lambert (Thomas Lambert, who came in the " Shield," 1678). In some family papers he speaks of " Cousin Achsah" (Lam- bert). He was therefore probably related to his pre- ceptor. Dr. Cadwallader, who married into the family of Lambert. He entered into some speculations in THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF HUNTEEDON COUNTY. 219 land with the latter, Dr. Eockhill doing the suryey- ing; the papers are dated 1754-55, and show that Cadwallader was at that date in Trenton. From the " New Jersey Biographical Encyclopsedia" we extract the following reminiscences : " The range of country over which his functions were exercised was enonnoua, being limited only by the Blue Mountains on the north and the Delaware on the west, and extending on the south and east fairly into the territory covered by the physicians of Burlington, Baritan, and New Brunswick. Owing to the troublous state of the times, his practice was largely surgical, one of his notable cases being a most dangerous gunshot wound that be treated with remarkable skill and success. During a foray on the part of the Indians living to the north of the mountains the house of a settler named Wedges was attacked, plundered, and burned ; and, while the family were escaping to the woods, one of the children, a girl of twelve, was shot directly through the lungs. She fell, as was supposed, dead; but when her people returned the next morning she was found in the brush, very much exhausted, but yet alive. Dr. BocKhill was sent for, — the distance to Pittstown was nearly forty miles, and the roads little more than blazed tracks through the woods, — and by his exertions saved her life. She entirely recovered, and subse- quently married a son of Edward Marshall — the Edward Marshall who took' the famous 'longwalk' along the Delaware — and reared a fatoily of twelve children." Frederick A. Potts lives on a part of the old Rock- hill property. George Akdkew Viesselius. — This old-time physician, familiarly known as the " Red-Cheeked Doctor,"* was born and educated in Holland or Ger- many, and emigrated to America not later than 1749. He lived on the " Old York Road," half a mile from Three Bridges, in Amwell township. He was an en- ergetic and successfal practitioner, and in his prac- tice traversed a large district of country. He died in 1767. His remains were interred on his own land with no monument to mark the spot. His wife was Miss Psyche Gardiner, of Three Bridges. They had five children, — Hendrick, An- drus, Theodoras, Margaret, Ida. The farm remained in the family until Henry and Catharine, his wife, sold it. May 1, 1797, to Gabriel Carkhoff, who took the old stone building down and built the house now occupied by his son-in-law, Barrillia Robbins. When Dr. Viesselius died medical advice was so scarce that his widow was frequently called on, and she, with the assistance of a bound boy (Jacob Tidd), often prepared washes, salves, plasters, etc. Jacob afterwards set up business for himself.f John Manners, who was a physician as well as a lawyer,! was born in Hunterdon County in 1786. He was the son of John and Rachel Manners. After a full course in the College of New Jersey he entered the Medical Department of the University of Penn- sylvania, from which he received his degree of M.D. in 1812. Soon after, he was licensed to practice in New Jersey. He located at Flemington, but subse- * So called on account of one of his cheeks being very red, probably a congenital aflfection. — BUtne, t The reader is referred to Dr. Blane's " Medical History of Hunterdon County" (p. 80) for an amusing anecdote involving Drs. Viesselius and Bamet. XSee sketch with "Bench and Bar of Hunterdon CJouoty," in this work. quently removed to a handsome country-seat near Clinton, this county, to which he gave the name of " Belvoir." Having married (in 1810) a daughter of Dr. Thomas Cooper, of South Carolina, he was brought into intimate relations with many eminent Southerners, which developed in him an admiration for Southern character and customs, and led him to make Belvoir, as near as he could, the model of a Southern homestead. He became a member of the County Medical Society in 1836. His latter years were devoted more to law than to physic. He died June 24, 1853, and by his will he prescribed his place of burial^ and his epitaph, which is as follows : " Erected to the memory of Hon. John Manners, Esq., A.M., M.D., and Counsellor-at-Law of the Supreme Court, United States of America. The Friend and Medical Pupil of Benjamin Rush, M.D., LL.D., Philadelphia. The Friend, the Pupil, and the Son-in-Law of Thomas Cooper, M.D., LL.D., etc., of South Carolina ; and the Friend and Correspondent of Thomas Jefferaon, LL.D,, of Virginia, formerly President of the United States."! John Bowne studied medicine under the instruc- tion of Dr. Moses Scott, of New Brunswick, and Prof. William Shipman, of Philadelphia. He was licensed in 1791, and commenced at once to practice in Pralls- ville. Four years later (1795) he removed to Bingos, where he followed his profession for over sixty years, and at the same time successfully managed his farm. " He was born Sept. 2, 1767, upon a farm which was in June 28, 1778, the battle-field of Monmouth," the scenes of which battle were indelibly stamped upon his memory, and during which his father and family sought refuge in the woods and two days later re- turned to a desolated home. "He was," says Dr. Stephen Wickes,1[ "intelli- gently conservative in the adoption of new modes of practice. He was a man of cheer, fond of anecdote, quick in reply, and possessed of a temperament which rendered labor light. Business and duty were not hardships to him. He was a member of the Presby- terian Church of Mount Airy, and for more than fifty years one of its raling elders. In the eventful times in which he lived he was warmly attached to the in- stitutions and liberties of his country, and was ready on all suitable occasions to give expression to his opinions, and to sustain these with argument spiced with the wit and humor for which he was noted. He never descended to the vulgar, nor in any way brought reproach upon the Christian name which he so uni- formly illustrated, and to which so early in life he connected himself" He became quite wealthy. He died Nov.- 4, 1857, on the farm at Barber's Station on which he had lived for nearly sixty-two years,** and now the resi- dence of his only son, Hon. Joseph G. Bowne. He was a prominent member of the State Medical So- ciety, which conferred upon him the honorary degree g Trenton, N. J. I Biographical Encyclopsadia of New Jersey ,':pp. '463, 464. iy History of New Jersey Medicine, Wickes, p. 163-64. ** Medical and Bttrgiml Reporter, November, 1859. 220 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. of M.D. He was also one of the founders, an active member, and for years an officer, of the Hunterdon County Medical Society. He was elected a member in 1818 of the Cliosophic Society of Nassau Hall, Princeton.* His remains were interred in the Barber burial-ground, on the road from Headquarters to Lambertville, where a beautiful engraved obelisk of Italian marble marks his grave, on the shaft of which is: On the right-hand side : " John Bowne, M.D., Bom September 2d, 1767. Licensed August 3d, 1791. Died NoTember 4th, 1857. Fifty yeai-s a Kuliog Elder iu the 2d Presbyterian Church, Amwell." On the left-hand side: " Ann Coole, wife of John Bowne, M.D., Born March 6th, 1770. Died Febraary 18th, 1866." " Dr. Bowne was a most remarkable man. Although of small stature, he was blessed with a very robust constitution, was a man of the most indomitable en- ergy. His practice in his palmiest days extended over an area of more than twenty miles long by six miles wide, at a time when public roads were few and far between, his labors being performed principally on horseback. He might at all times and seasons of the year, in fair weather or foul, be seen emerging from his gate at the earliest dawn on his daily visits to his patients. As a physician he was bold, and at the same time a sound and judicious practitioner. He possessed the regard and esteem of all his profes- sional brethren in a most unbounded degree."! Oliver Baenet, born in 1743, was a brother of Dr. William Barnet, of Elizabethtown, who was not only distinguished as a physician, but was a promi- nent Whig and patriot during the Revolution. The home of Oliver was in New Germantown, Hunterdon Co. He was wealthy, endowed with civil offices, and, like his brother, an earnest Eevolutionary patriot and successful physician. He was surgeon of the Fourth Eegiment, his commission dating' Feb. 14, 1776. J He was one of the associate justices at the trial in West- field of the murderer of Eev. James Caldwell, of Elizabethtown. Dr. Barnet's name is still remembered in the place of his residence in connection with many anecdotes illustrative of his peculiar character. One is related by the Eev. Dr. Messier, of SomervUle. Dr. Barnet « Biographical Bncyclopa-dia of New Jersey, p. 475. + Dr. Blane's Med. Hist. Hunterdon County, p. 26. X Stryker's Register. had a colored man, Cuffy, who drove his coach and was a favorite. After building a vault for himself on a sightly knoll, he told Cuffy that when he died he might be put in it with himself and Mrs. Barnet; but Cuffy stammered, ' N-n-no, doctor, I guess not." — "Why not, Cuffy?" — Well, doctor," said Cuffy, " there will be a resurrection; and if the devil comes for you, he might make a mistake and take me. No, I don't want to be put there." The old doctor laughed and changed the subject. Dr. Barnet died in 1809, aged sixty-six. His remains rest in the vault alluded to, erected on his estate.^ Isaac Ogden, born near Elizabethtown, N. J., in 1764 was graduated at Princeton in 1784. Upon enter- ing his profession he settled at Six-Mile Eun, near his native town. He there married a daughter of Elder Peter Stoothoff". It was said that he rocked the cradle of his wife when an infant, while as a student he boarded in her father's family. || The only child by this marriage became in early life the wife of Eev. Isaac N. Wyckoff, D.D., then of Somerset County, now of Albany, N. Y. She died in 1827. Dr. Ogden left his first place of residence, and after being a short time at White House removed to New Germantown. He there succeeded to the practice of Dr. Oliver Barnet, his brother-in-law, about 1809, and during the next few years practiced extensively and successfully. He had considerable celebrity as an ob- stetrician. He was an earnest student of astronomy, and for several years he published an almanac, in which were weather "prognostications" in rhyme, which at the time had an extensive circulation, and of which, preserved as curiosities, copies are still to be found in out-of-the-way country-houses and in the hands of book-collectors.1[ He became a member of the State society in 1788, and was one of the founders of the District Medical Society of Hunterdon County in 1821. He was president of the latter in 1823 and in 1826, when he removed from the county (to New Brunswick, N. J.), was elected the first honorary member. During the later years of his life he aban- doned the practice of medicine almost entirely, and acted as postmaster. He died suddenly of apoplexy, and was buried in the graveyard of the First Reformed Church of New Brunswick. His memorial stone has the following inscription : " Sacred to the memory of Dr. Isaac Ogden, who departed this life on the 6th of May, 1829, in the 68tb year of llis age. A kind husband, an affectionate father, an humble Christian."** Abraham Bertron, or Beetrand, was a practi- tioner living on the south branch of the Raritan Elver, not far from Readington. Tradition locates him there about the year 1784. He lived in a small house on the hill, near Levi Mettler's present resi- dence. In 1786 he kept the tavern at North Branch, § Wickes' Hist. Med. in New Jersey to 1800, pp. 136, 137. II Ibid., p. 351. H N. J. Biog. Bncy., p. 436. ** MSS. Notes of Hev. Dr. Messier, et cMis. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 221 Jacob Egbert, born near Flemington, Dec. 25, 1771, was brought up there with his father, and en- tered the Methodist ministry at about the age of twenty-one or twenty-two, continuing as an itinerant preacher for several years. He removed to Port Eliz- abeth, Cumberland Co., N. J., married, commenced the study of medicine, and was licensed in 1805. He died at Pemberton, N. J., in the autumn of 1831. Lewis R. Needham read medicine with Dr. Jep- thah B. Munn, and later with Dr. John Blane ; at- tended medical lectures, and in 1835 received his doctor's degree. After being examined and licensed he entered into partnership with Dr. Blane, which association continued until his death. He was a phy- sician of marked ability, and consequently highly successful. He was possessed of genial manners and a kindly disposition. His wife was Susan F. Sayre, of Morris Co., N. J. He was born at East Haddam, Conn., in 1806, and died at Perryville, N. J., Nov. 12, 1841. Henky H. ScheNck, Jr., oldest son of Dr. Henry and Ellen (Hardenberg) Schenck, of Millstone, Som- erset Co., N. J., was born in New York State in 1782 (February). He subsequently removed, with his father, to Neshanic, N. J. He married Jane Herder ; began the study of medicine, but soon after became a soldier in the war of 1812. After the war he practiced medicine vigorously and successfully, both at Quaker- town and at Eeadington, settling at the latter place about 1810, and being in practice there until his death, Dec. 20, 1823. His remains rest in the churchyard at Eeadington. He left a widow and several children, but none of them in the profession. His name is the twelfth on the roll of members of the medical society of this county. In Eeadington he resided first in the old parsonage building, about two miles from the church, on the road leading from Eeadington to White House, later in the old brick Ten Eyck house, on the Old York Eoad, east of the church, and closed his life in a house a few hundred yards farther east, subsequently occupied by Mr. Titus.* John Honeyman was born near New German- town, Hunterdon Co., Feb. 22, 1798. He was the eldest son of James Honeyman and Mary Miller, and a grandson of John Honeyman, who figured in the French and Indian war under Wolfe, and during the Eevolution as " the spy of Washington." While in his " teens" the subject of this notice taught the New Germantown Academy, and afterwards attended Mid- dlebury College, Vermont. He studied medicine with Dr. William Johnson, of White House, attended lec- tures in 1822-23 at the University of Pennsylvania, and commenced practice in his native village in 1824. After a professional career of fifty years, he died Jan. 2, 1874. He held numerous offices in the medical so- ciety and the Presbyterian Church, of which he was a ruling elder for twenty years. He had a large prac- * Dr. Blane. tice, was esteemed far and wide, and by economy accumulated a competence. His character was so extremely exemplary that it is said of him that he never prevaricated, never told an untruth, never ut- tered a harsh word, never made an enemy. His death created avoid in the medical profession which will long be felt, for he had the love and respect of the frater- nity. At about thirty years of age he married Miss Elizabeth S. Nevius, daughter of Judge Peter S. Ne- vius, of Pleasant Plains, Somerset Co. They had one daughter, who married Judge H. D. Maxwell, of Easton, Pa., and three sons, — viz., John C, who be- came a physician ; Peter N., a merchant ; and A. V. D., an attorney, editor, and publisher in Somerville. The children are all living, — John and Peter in New Germantown, their native place. For further details of his life the reader is referred to the " Family Me- morial," published in 1874. John Forman Geandin was born May 28, 1792 ; studied medicine under Dr. Newell, of Allentown, N. J. ; practiced his profession all his life at Hamden, where he died in 1811. His grandson, John Forman Grandin, M.D., studied medicine under Hon. John Manners, M.D., at Clinton ; received his degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1852, and has since practiced his profession in Clinton Township, N. J. For further sketch of Dr. Grandin see biographical department of Clinton township. George P. Eex, born in the city of Philadelphia, Sept. 2, 1818, was educated in the classical schools of that city ; studied medicine in the office of Dr. George McClellan, and was graduated at Jefferson Medical College in 1834; settled at Clover Hill, N. J., that year, and practiced medicine ; was married in 1836 to Gertrude V., daughter of Jacob Williamson, Esq., and in 1837 moved to Eeaville, his present residence. In 1856 he removed to Perry, Pike Co., 111., and soon after was appointed a member of the State Board of Education, and assisted in building the State Normal University, at Bloomington, 111., as a member of the building committee. In 1861 he entered the military service as surgeon of the Thirty-third (Normal) Illi- nois Infantry Eegiment, and served through the war as division surgeon and medical director ; was mus- tered out in December, 1865. He was largely engaged in cotton-planting near Selma, Ala., in 1866-67, and was made post-surgeon of the United States army at Selma, Ala., in September, 1867. In 1868 he was elected high sheriff of Dallas Co., Ala., and in 1869 was appointed by President Grant United States as- sessor of internal revenue for the Second District of that State, embracing twenty-six counties. He re- mained in this position until 1871, when, his health failing him, he returned to Eeaville, N. J., where he has since resided and practiced his profession, being one of the three oldest physicians in Hunterdon County. He became a member of the County District Medical Society, May 3, 1836, was its treasurer in 1850, and one of the board of censors from 1848 to 1853. 222 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. John Feelinghtjysen Schenck, a native of Ne- shanic, Somerset Co. (born June 6, 1799), is of Dutch descent, his ancestors having come from Holland and settled in the Millstone valley. His father, Dr. Henry H. Sohenck, was an assistant surgeon in the Eevolutionary army. His maternal grandfather was Eev. Jacob R. Hardenberg, first president of Queen's (now Rutgers) College. He commenced reading medicine' with his brother. Dr. Jacob R. Schenck, and continued his studies with Dr. Henry Vander- veer; attended the College of Physicians and Sur- geons, New York, and was licensed to practice in 1820. He established himself first at North Branch, but soon removed to Readington ; his stay there was also brief, as he settled in Flemington in 1822, where he has since resided. There, for more than half a century, he engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1870 he retired from regular practice, and since then his professional labors have been confined to an occasional consultation with his son. Dr. W. H. Schenck. When he first established himself in Flem- ington there was but one other physician in the place, and for a long time only the two. Possessing high natural qualifications, a thorough professional training, a zealous enthusiasm, and an unflagging energy, he speedily built up a very large practice, ex- tending over a wide reach of country surrounding Flemington. Since 1820 he has been connected with both the Somerset and the Hunterdon County Medi- cal Societies ; has been president, and is now an honorary member, of the latter association. In 1820 he married a sister of Dr. Van Deursen, of New Brunswick, N. J. ; she died in 1848, and in 1850 he married Miss Annie M. Churchill, of Portland, Conn., who died in 1865. His son. Dr. William H. Schenck, is one of the leading physicians of the county. Another son, J. Rutsen Schenck, was long connected with journalism in Hunterdon and Somer- set Counties, and died April 1, 1879. Samuel S. Claek, now of Belvidere, N. J., is a native of Hunterdon County (having been born in Flemington, Nov. 8, 1845), although he never prac- ticed medicine here. After i-eceiving his degree of M.D., in 1848, he located at Belvidere, where he has since resided. Joseph F. Shepaed was born March 30, 1819, in Raritan (then Amwell) township, Hunterdon Co.; son of the late Joseph Shepard, farmer. He studied medicine with the venerable Dr. Schenck, of Flem- ington, with whom he remained iive years, also at- tending the University of New York, from which he was graduated in 1853. He practiced a short time in Hightstown, after which he removed to Phillipsburg, Warren Co., where he settled permanently. Heney Holcombb, a native of Hunterdon County, was born Aug. 5, 1797. From the College of New Jersey he was graduated in 1818 ; with Dr. George Holcombe, his cousin, he read medicine, and subse- quently (1821) received his degree of M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He first settled in the practice of his profession at Rowland's Mills, in Read- ington township, but in 1822 removed to Everitts- town, Alexandria township, where for the ensuing thirty-seven years he was engaged as a physician and s'lrgeon. His practice increased rapidly, and soon extended over almost the entire county and across the river into Pennsylvania. One of the founders (1821) of the County Medical Society, he was for sev- eral years its treasurer, and in 1825 a member of the board of censors ; also an honorary member of the Philadelphia Medical Society. He was interested in agricultural matters, and owned a large farm, which he managed successfully. He died April 7, 1859. His wife was Catherine, daughter of Samuel Case, and his only child subsequently married Baltus Pickel, Esq., of Trenton. Heney B. Poole, born at Enfield, England, April 24, 1791, came to America in 1801 ; studied with Dr. Augustus R. Taylor, of Middlesex, N. J. ; was li- censed in 1818, and at once began the practice of medicine at Flemington. He was one of the founders •of the County Medical Society, and its first secretary ; afterwards (1826) its vice-president, and a member of the board of censors. He was also a member and officer of the State Medical Society. In 1827-28 he practiced in New York, then moved to South River, Middlesex Co., N. J., where he practiced until 1855, when he was disabled by paralysis. He died Dec. 2, 1861, in his seventy-first year. James H. Studdifoed was born in Lambertville, N. J., September 12, 1832. He was the son of Rev. Dr. P. 0. Studdiford, of the same place.* He was graduated from the College of New Jersey with high honors in 1852. He at once entered the oflice of Dr. Josiah Simpson, his uncle, and began the study of medicine. To this instruction he added three courses of medical lectures, 1852-54, and in the spring of the latter year received the degree of M.D. In 1856 he was licensed to practice, and located as a physician at Quakertown, this county, as successor to Dr. A. J. Clark ; in 1857 he settled in Lambertville, where he died in 1870, — March 23d. He was a prominent member of the County Medical Society, and an elder in the Presbyterian Church. John Wall was born in Bucks Co., Pa., in 1787 ; received his professional education under Dr. John Wilson, of Solebury, Pa., Dr. Wall's native town. " About 1807 he succeeded Dr. McKissack at Pitts- town, Hunterdon Co. ; acquired a considerable prac- tice, and became in that locality extremely popular. . . . His charges for professional services were very small, and he rarely took the trouble to collect even these. If the recovered patient left a jug of apple- brandy at the doctor's door, it was considered in the light of full payment of a long bill ; and while, in * See sketch of this veDerable clergyman with history of Lambei-t- ville, in this work. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 223 the end, his too free use of his liquid fees tended to throw his practice into other and steadier hands, it is none the less true that his professional ability was quite exceptional. He was very fond of out-door sports, — hunting, fishing, and riding, — and in such passed much of his time. A marked characteristic of the man was his use of the words ' that is,' and ' that is to say,' on most all occasions. He never married. He died Sept. 12, 1826,"* aged thirty-nine years, seven months, and twenty-two days. William P. Clark, son of Eev. Joseph Clark, and brother of Col. Peter I. Clark, of Flemington, was bom in New Brunswick, N. J. ; was graduated in 1819, subsequently studied medicine, was licensed, and practiced in Wilkesbarre, Pa. He afterwards re- moved to Clinton, this county, and in 1821 was one of the founders of the County Medical Society. His essay, " A Cursory Analysis of the Theory of Health, Predisposition, and Disease," read at the first semi- annual meeting of the society, Oct. 23, 1821, was the only paper read at that meeting, and the first read before that society. In 1836-37 he was third vice- president of the New Jersey State Medical Society. He removed to Belvidere, Warren Co., N. J., in 1825, and was there engaged in active practice until his death, Sept. 4, 1857. He never married. William Johnson, son of Thos. P. and Mary (Stockton) Johnson, was born at Princeton, N. J., Feb. 18, 1789. He read medicine with Dr. John Van Cleve of that place, and received his degree of M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1811. The same year he was licensed, and commenced practice at White House. For more than fifty years he was one of the leading practitioners of the county, and among his office students were a number of subse- quently eminent physicians. He died Jan. 13, 1867, at White House, where he was buried. He was one of the founders of the County Medical Society, and a member (and vice-president in 1823) of the State Medical Society. He had two sons, who became physicians, — ^Thomas and John V. C. He was for more than fifty years a member, and most of the time ruling elder, in the Reformed Church (Rockaway) at White House. Edmund Pobtee, late of Frenchtown, N. J., was born in Connecticut (1791) ; received his medical education in New England, and shortly after being licensed settled in Easton, Pa., from whence he pere- grinated to Union Co., Pa., to the West Indies, and finally back to the United States, locating at French- town, this county, where he remained until his death, July 12, 1826. He was one of the founders of the Hunterdon County Medical Society, and one of its first delegates to the State Medical Society. He was twice a candidate for the State Assembly, and the last time was elected. He was a successful and popular physician, methodical to an extreme, but possessed of * Biog. Ency, of New Jersey, pp. 460, 461. a cheerful, sanguine temperament. He was for the times a voluminous writer upon medical, political, and miscellaneous topics, contributing largely to the periodical press of the day. He cherished a desire to write for posterity, and to this end deposited in the cellar-wall of a house built for his use in Frenchtown, in 1823, a curious document which a party of investi- gating antiquarians unearthed some twenty-five years , later, and from which are extracted the following paragraphs : " To futurity I address myself, iu the year of our Lord 1823. Perhaps this memento may be of serviee or curiosity to future generations, it found among the rubbish of this mansion, erected by order of Edmund Porter, M.D., physician and surgeon ; member of and principal founder of the Medical Society of Hunterdon County, N. J. ; licentiate of the Connecticut Medical Society, also of the Medical Society of St. Bar- tholomew's (West Indies), and Union Medical Society of Penusylvania, and author of a number of medical essays, political pieces, to he found in the New York Medical Repository and AnKrican Medical Recorder, the New England Journal of Medicine, and in the newspapers, — viz.. The Tren- ton Trite American, The Spirit of Pennsylvania, the Eastern Sentinel, etc., etc. ... '' Edmund Porter was born in Haddani, Conn., June 18, 1791 ; emi- grated to Pennsylvania in 1815 ; married Mary More, Sept. 28, 1816 ; have three children [names and dates of birth] ; commenced the practice of medicine in this town June 10, 1820. Intermitting fever makes its ap- pearance after an absence of twenty years ; has been common along the banks of the Delaware Eiver, and dysenteria interiorly ; charcoal pulv. proved a useful adjunct in the latter complaint. , . . " Finder of this document, know that I wrote it to amuse ; if it should afford you an}', remember the end of all things, and prepare yourself to die, as all of us have done whose names you see enrolled on this me- morial, . . . We look to future generations to preserve unimpaired the liberty and independence which thus far we have assisted to perpetuate at the risk of our lives and fortunes. This voice from the tombs admon- ishes you to do the same as we have done for you I ! 1 Farewell." Of his children, it is believed, none now survive, nor has he any living descendants! His portrait is in the possession of the Hunterdon County Medical Society.! Nicholas Jacques Emanuel db Belleville, the first president of the Hunterdon County Medical Society, of which he was one of the founders, was born in Metz, France, in 1752 ; was educated in that country, and practiced in the hospitals of Paris. He came to America in 1777, with Count Pulaski,! at- tending him in the capacity of surgeon until the fall of 1778, when he settled at Trenton, Hiinterdon Co., and there resided until his death, Dec. 17, 1831, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. On several occa- sions he was called to attend the exiled King of Spain, at Bordentown. Dr. Nicholas Belville (as he was generally called) acquired a large practice, and be- came one of the medical pillars of the State, being constantly sought in consultation, and the favor of studying under his supervision being eagerly solicited by young men desirous of adopting medicine as a profession. His manner was quick and peremptory, but his deportment in the sick-room was kind and soothing. He was buried in the Presbyterian church- yard, Trenton, of which church he was a pew-holder and an occasional: attendant. Gen. Philemon Dick- t Ibid., pp. 486, 487. X Notes of Philemon Dickinson. 224 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. inson, with whom he was on intimate terms, held him in high consideration, and to him, more than to any other, he confided the details of his private life and social relations. One of his pupils, Dr. F. A. Ewing, prepared for the press, at the time of his decease, his obituary notice, and furnished the inscription for his tomb. He married Ann Brittain, and had two daugh- ters, one of whom became the wife of Dr. James Clark,* and the other, of Lieut. Hunter of the United States navy. John Blane, son of Thomas Blane and Elizabeth (Toombs) Blane, was born in North Brunswick, Mid- dlesex Co., N. J., July 7, 1802. After receiving as good an education as the neighborhood and private r teachers afforded, he taught school in Hillsborough, Somerset Co., a year, and then went to a select school at that time taught by Abraham G. Voorhees, a grad- uate of the College of New Jersey, boarding in the family of the principal ; stayed a year, and then taught a short time again, and then, in the spring of 1822, he entered the office of Dr. William McKissack, of Millstone, Somerset Co., N. J., under whose instruc- tions he remained five years, with the exception of attending medical lectures in the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons the winter of 1825-26, and the lectures of the Rutgers Medical College, 1826-27. The Chancellor of the State of New York having * History of New Jersey Medicine. decided that the diploma of Eutgers College did not confer the right to practice in that State, he passed an examination before the board of censors of Somerset Co., N. J., and received his diploma from the Medical Society of New Jersey, April 26, 1827 {the society afterwards — Jan. 22, 1856 — conferred the degree of M.D.), and commenced practice, in connection with the apothecary business, at 526 Pearl Street, New York City. At the end of the year he gave up this and went to Clarksville, Hunterdon Co., N. J., in partnership with Dr. W. A. A. Hunt, and then, in April, 1831, removed into Bethlehem (now Union) township, where he has resided ever since. He is a member of the District Medical Society of Hunterdon, — served as its president in 1848 and 1855, — and is (1881) its treasurer and historian ; of the Medical So- ciety of New Jersey (he_was for sixteen years one of its censors, and its president in 1861). Was delegated to the American Medical Association in 1855, and has been since 1867, and is now, one of its necrological committee. In May, 1840, he married Miss Cornelia Hunt, daughter of Isaac Smith, of Hunterdon County. By her he has had two daughters, — Nancy, the eldest, married Dr. N. B. Boileau, of Hunterdon, and Mary married Dr. Nathan Case, of Warren County. His traveling over an extensive field of practice was performed for thirty years on horseback, and, he believes, with advantage to his general health. Hehey S. Haeeis, one of the founders of the Hunterdon County Medical Society, and an honorary member, read, studied, and practiced medicine under the supervision of Dr. Henry Vanderveer, of Bed- minster, for four years ; afterwards in the office of Dr. Charles Smith, of New Brunswick. After receiving his certificate from the medical society of Middlesex County he commenced practicing medicine in Hun- terdon County in 1819, and continued until 1831 at Milford and Mount Pleasant, frequently riding several miles into Pennsylvania. He subsequently removed to Allamuchy, Warren Co., N. J., where he practiced thirty-five years, and then removed to Belvidere, N. J., where he now resides. Hon. Henry S. Harris, member of Congress, is a grandson of Dr. Harris. Gebshom Craven was born in 1744, graduated at Princeton in 1765, and attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania ; was surgeon of the Second Eegiment Hunterdon troops during the Eevo- lution. He was the first regular-bred physician to locate at Eingos, which he did in 1771. He was popular, persistent, and successful. He reared an interesting family, to whose interests he was greatly devoted. He continued his practice up to the year 1812, when he was disabled by paralysis. He died in 1819, leaving a widow and several children to in- herit little or no earthly estate, but the heritage of a good name. His remains were buried in the Episco- pal churchyard, near Eingos, where a stone bears this inscription : THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 225 "In Memory of Br. G. Craven, Kebecca his wife, and three of their children. Doet. Gersbom Craven Died Mny 3d, A.D. 1819, In the 75th year of his age. Eebeoca died March 3d, A.D. 1836, In the 80th year of her age. John died June Ist, A.D. 1790, Aged 15 years. Elizabeth died Aug. 16, A.D. 1805, In the 27th year of her age. Titus died Sept. 5th, A.D. 1794, aged 6 years. On the right hand may they stand, saying — * Here, Lord, are we and those thou hast given us.' "* Geokge Creed, a native of Jamaica, L. I., was born Oct. 1, 1735. Upon commencing practice, in 1765, he settled in Flemington, from whence he re- moved to Trenton, where he spent the remainder of his life. He died suddenly, of apoplexy, about 1775.t He was undoubtedly the pioneer practitioner of Flem- ington. His wife died in Trenton in 1835, in her ninety-fourth year, and his daughter (Mrs. Eyall) died in 1859, aged ninety-one. Aabon Foeman was a prominent physician and surgeoa of this county. Although an Episcopalian, he married, in 1769, Ann, the daughter of John Emley, a Quaker. He was a man of strong convic- tions and firm of purpose. He joined the State Medi- cal Society in 1767. Dr. Forman was of Welsh parentage, and born Feb. 4, 1745 ; he moved from Freehold, N. J., to a farm near Quakertown, and practiced in that vicinity from 1766 to 1794, when he removed to Pittstown. He left five sons and one daughter, all since deceased. The latest survivor was the venerable John E., of Alexan- dria, who died Aug. 10, 1867, aged ninety-five years. Dr. Forman's wife, Ann, died Dec. 13, 1794, aged fifty-two years. She and her husband were buried in the Friends' burying-ground at Quakertown. He erected over her grave the first grave-stone with an inscription in that burial-ground. He died Jan. 11, 1805, and was buried by the side of his wife. Dr. Forman was proud of his profession and careful of his medical reputation. He early introduced in- oculation for the smallpox, and treated many hun- dred patients of that kind successfully. He was a venerable-looking man, but possessed of fine social qualities and a loving heart, combined with great firmness of will and decision of character. William McGill resided between Frenchtown and Milford, on the farm now or recently owned by Mr. Hawk. The house in which he lived is still standing. He commenced practicing medicine in the closing years of the last century. He married a daughter of Thomas Lowrey, one of the pioneers of • Blane's Med. Hist., pp. 86, 87. f Hall's Preshyterian Church, Trenton. Flemington, later the founder of Frenchtown, and afterward of Milford. He had a large family of chil- dren, none of whom are believed to be living. One of them, Joseph, read medicine with his father. His wife survived him, and for many years boarded a physician. Dr. Mershon, who kept up the practice. Dr. McGill is represented as a very popular and good practitioner, a large, portly man, dignified in deport- ment, and unsuspicious of any one. He died much regretted. His remains were buried in the grounds of the Kingwood Presbyterian Church, with the Lowrey family. His headstone reads : "In Memoi-y of DocT. William McGill, who departed this life June 23rd, 1816, In the 47th year of his age. I pass the gloomy vale of death. From fear and danger free ; For there His aiding rod and staff Defend and comfort me. Let friends no more my suffering mourn. Nor view my relics with concern. Oh, cease to drop the pitying tear : I've passed beyond the reach of fear." William Peall was a native of Amwell, this county, and son of Abraham Prall; born in 1771, read medicine with Dr. Moses Scott, of New Bruns- wick, and entered the profession in 1793, near Rea- ville, where he continued until his death. He was a popular physician, and had a large practice. His first wife, Mercy Reeder, died Sept. 18, 1798 ; his second wife was Miss Mary, daughter of Lewis Chamberlin.J Dr. Prall's remains were interred in the graveyard formerly attached to the Presbyterian church (since torn down and removed), between Larison's Corner and Reaville, where a stone contains this record : "In Memory of DoCT. William Prall, who died Feb. 9, 1825, In the 54th year of his age." Both his wives were buried in the same cemetery.? Zaccue Peall, son of Isaac, and cousin of Abra- ham, the father of Dr. William Prall, of Amwell, read with his uncle, Abraham P. Hagaman, of Somerset County. He was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania in 1816. He practiced in Amwell for a while, and then removed to near Willow Grove, Pa., where he died without leaving any family. He is said to have adopted and practiced homoeopathy during the latter part of his life.|| John A. Hendey, one of the founders of the Hun- terdon County Medical Society, in 1821, was the eldest son of Capt. Samuel Hendry and Elizabeth Anderson, and was born at Burlington, N. J., in 1786.11 He commenced practice at Ringos in 1808, t See sketch of the Prall family in liistoiy of East AmweU township. 8 Blane's Medical History of Hunterdon County, pp. 94, 96. 1 Dr. Blane. H Communicated by Dr. Hendry's daughter. 226 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. and continued there until 1827, when he sold out to Dr. M. W. Williams and removed to New York City ; he became a member of the " Medical Society of the City and County of New York" in 1831. He was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati of New Jer- sey after the death of his father, who was an ofacer in the Revolutionary war and stood by Washington's side when Andr6 was executed. While at Ringos, Dr. Hendry lived in the house later occupied by Dr. Cicero Hunt. He died June 23, 1884, by the breaking of a blood-vessel, and was buried at Stuyvesant church. He married Abby Chambers, of Trenton, April 18, 1810, and had nine children. Drs. M. Chambers and H. Holcombe were his pupils at Rin- gos, and Drs. Pyatt and Geary were his associates. He was commissioned by Governor Ogden as surgeon of the militia of Hunterdon County. H. A. Teerence was born in Cork, Ireland, Aug. 28, 1848. He is descended from a brother of Brian Boru, one of the most celebrated of the native Irish kings. Exiled from Ireland on account of the revolu- tionary movement of 1864-65, he came to America, finished his medical studies, and in 1873 went back to Ireland. After graduating at the Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, he returned, in 1875, to America, and settled at New Hampton Junction, this county. He is accredited with being a successful practitioner. Qliver Wayne Ogden, about the year 1811, was engaged in a very extensive practice in New German- town and its vicinity. He studied medicine under the superintendence of his uncle, the late Dr. Isaac Ogden. He attended lectures in Philadelphia, and was a licentiate of his native State. He was a more energetic practitioner than his uncle. His address was prepossessing, his manners easy, and he had an exuberance of animal spirits. He did not continue many years in practice : having received the appoint- ment of United States marshal for the district of New Jersey, he let the practice go and devoted himself to the duties of the new office. He married a niece of Dr. O. Barnet, — a Miss Wisner. He attained quite a fortune, but lost it in unfortunate speculations. He died about 1840, of pulmonary consumption, aged about sixty-two years. He was one of the original members of the District Medical Society of this county in 1821. Hon. J. C. Rafferty, Flemington, is his son-iu-law. William Baknet, a nephew of Dr. Oliver Barnet, read medicine with his uncle. Dr. O. W. Ogden, at- tended lectures in Philadelphia, and commenced practicing in New Germantown a little before the war of 1812, in which he enlisted as an officer. He died early in life. He was talented, courteous, and very highly esteemed, and was one of the first members of the District Medical Society of Hunterdon County, was present at its semi-annual session, Oct. 23, 1821, and it is presumed he died shortly after.* Israel L. Coriell was living in Mill town. King- wood township, and practicing there, in 1824, or earlier. He was an active member of the county society during its early years. Dr. Coriell was killed, not far from the year 1828, by being thrown from his sulky in the neighborhood of Locktown. He was a native of Somerset County, and his remains were taken there for interment. He never married. Merrill W. Williams, a native of Dorchester, Conn., practiced in Ringos from 1827 until 1829, when he removed to Somerville, and later to New York City. He read medicine with Dr. Lawrence Van- derveer. He married Miss Eliza B. Duryea, of Mill- stone. She died in 1847 ; he about the yearl877. Jacob E. Hedges was born in Somerset County, son of William J. Hedges, a merchant of that place. Dr. Hedges became a member of the County Medical Society in 1836, at which time he was practicing at Milford. During the first of his practice Dr. John McGloughen was living, who recommended him highly, so that Dr. Hedges soon acquired a good prac- tice, which was cut short by his early death. He married a daughter of Daniel Disborough, of Mil- ford. They had no children. He was buried in the Presbyterian churchyard in Mount Pleasant, Alex- andria, where a monument bears the following le- gend: *' Sacred To the memorj' of Dr. Jacob E. Hedges, who died July 22d, 1841, aged 29 years, and 3 months. Noble, generous, free-heai'ted, he Was early called away from friends Who deeply mourn his untimely death. Art is long, and time is fleeting, And our hearts, though strong and brave. Still like muffled drums are beating Funeral marches to the grave." William Duryea, son of Col. H. B. Duryea, of Blawenburg, Somerset Co., was a graduate of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1833 ; was admitted as a member of the District Medical Society of Hunter- don County, May 3, 1836, at which time he was prac- ticing at Flemington. Soon afterwards he removed to the West, where it is said he died.f Henry Southard, a native of Somerset County, was a practitioner at Flemington and Reaville, in this county, and a member of its district medical so- ciety until Oct. 26, 1847, when he returned to his native county and became connected with its medical society. (See a further sketch, under head of " Med- ical Profession of Somerset County," elsewhere in this volume.) JosiAH QuiNBY, the son of Josiah Quimby, of Hanover township, Morris Co., N. J., was born Feb. 2, 1783. He read with Dr. John S. Darcy, attended lectures in New York in 1815 and 1816, and shortly ) • Dr. Blane's Medical History, pp. 39, 40. t Dr. Blane. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 227 after located at Readington, this county, where lie continued to practice until lie died. He married, in March, 1818, Margaret, daughter of William Dalley, of Readington township, whom he left a widow with five children,— William D., Phoebe, Ann, Josiah, and Margaret He lived on the road leading from Read- ington to Centreville, about equidistant between them ; he afterwards lived on a farm on the road lead- ing to Pleasant Run, known as the Aray farm, where he died. He was a man of easy and kind disposition, very moderate in his charges, and very diffident in his collecting ; of which fact, no doubt, some took advan- tage, to his and his family's injury. In the new ceme- tery attached to the Readington church, on a large headstone, is the following : "In Memory of JOBIAH QUINBT, M.D., who died February 14th, 1854, Aged 61 years, and 12 days. Let friends forbear to mourn and weep. Whilst sweetly in the dust I sleep; The toilsome world I left behind, A glorious crown I hope to find." Albert S. Clakke, who practiced at Quakertown from 1848 to 1856, became a member of the County Medical Society in 1849, firom which he was honor- ably discharged in 1856, at which time he removed to Bushnell, 111., where he was recently living and prac- ticing his profession. James Pyatt was a native of Middlesex County, read medicine with Dr. Freeman, of Woodbridge, at- tended lectures in New York, and located at the Boar's Head in Delaware (then Amwell) township, where he resided until his death, continuing to prac- tice until near the time of his decease. He married Sarah King, daughter of Jeremiah King, a wealthy landholder in that neighborhood ; she and three chil- dren survived him, — John (since deceased, leaving no children), J. King Pyatt, living near Croton, and Rachel (since deceased), who became the wife of Dan- iel Rittenhouse, of the same place. Dr. Pyatt was active and energetic, and had a large practice. He also kept the Boar's Head Hotel for several years. He was buried in the cemetery attached to the Old School church at Baptisttown, and over his grave appears the following legend : * Da, James Ptatt, Died October 26th, 1864, Aged 80 years and 29 days. Death is the path that must be trod. If ute would pass from Earth to Gfod ; Clap our glad wings and fly away, To join the blessed in endless day." Abraham T. B. Van Doben, born June 15, 1823, practiced in Readington from 1843 to 1848, and at Ringos, 1850-52 ; subsequently went South, but soon returned to Branchville (now South Branch), where he died, June 30th of that year. (See sketch in "Med- ical Profession of Somerset County," in this work.) Willaed F. Combs was a native of Delhi, N. Y., born in 1828. He came to New Jersey and read medi- cine with his cousin, Dr. H. S. Combs (son of Seth Combs, of Delhi), who was then practicing medicine in German Valley, Morris Co., N. J. He attended lectures in New York, was licensed in 1851, and the following year was admitted a member of the district society of Hunterdon County, and was at once elected its secretary, vice Dr. J. R. Ludlow, resigned and re- moved from the county. Dr. Combs practiced at Stan- ton and at Flemington, where he died of pericarditis, Aug. 16, 1854. He was a member of the Baptist Church. His wife was Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Asa Jones, of Flemington. He left two children, — Frank and Caroline, living in Flemington. " A gen- tleman of prepossessing manners, comely in person, and very sociable, he enjoyed a popularity seldom possessed by one so young in the profession."* Chaeles Baetolette, a native of Flemington, was a son of Rev. Charles Bartolette, Baptist minis- ter of that place. He read medicine with Dr. Mer- shon, of Flemington, and was graduated from Jeffer- son Medical College in 1846, when he commenced practice in Milford, this county, succeeding Dr. Wil- liam Taylor. He there continued until his death. " He was a good practitioner of both medicine and surgery. He was about five feet eight inches in height, well proportioned, brown hair, expressive blue eyes, frank, open countenance, good conversa- tional powers, pleasing in address, and in every way calculated to win and retain the confidence and af- fection of his patients, as well as of all others who knew him." March 8, 1851, he married Anna, daugh- ter of George and Ellen Carpenter, of Milford ; she and four children (Ellen, Peter, Louisa, Charles) are still living. He was buried in the Union Cemetery, Milford, and over his grave the marble records : " Born April 8th, 1826, Died March 10th, 1866. The warm heart that throbbed for others' sorrows, and the open hand of charity, are now still in death; and await the awards of the great Physician." He also was a member of the District Medical So- ciety. A. J. McKelway, who was practicing at Ringos from 1852 to 1854, and was a member of the Hun- terdon County Medical Society, removed from the county in 1854; was surgeon of the Eighth New Jersey Volunteers from Sept. 14, 1861, to April 7, 1864 ■ is now practicing medicine in Gloucester Co., N. J., of whose county medical society he is a mem- ber.! Simeon S. Dana, a graduate of Jefferson Medical * Dr. Blane's Medical History. t Ibid., p. 63; Trans. State Medical Society, 1880, p. 9. 228 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. College, received his diploma from the State Medical Society in 1852, while residing at Finesville, Warren Co., N. J. In the fall of 1854 he removed to Earitan township, locating at Clover Hill as the successor of Dr. Eex. In the same year he joined the County Medical Society. He died in 1861, in the prime of manhood, while on a visit to the place of his nativity in Massachusetts. His wife was a Miss Julia Hall, of Somerset County, who, after her husband's death, removed with her children to Massachusetts. Thomas M. Baetolette, youngest son of Rev. Charles Bartolette, and brother of Dr. Charles, with whom he studied medicine, was born in Flemington, Nov. 4, 1827. In 1855 he was graduated from JeflFerson Medical College, when he commenced practice at Mount Pleasant, succeeding Dr. Jacob Winters. In 1864 he moved to Asbury, N. J., where he died Sept. 29, 1866. He was buried near his brother, in the cemetery at Milford.* He was a member of the medical society of this county. He married, in 1855, Amy K., daughter of Henry W. and Sarah Johnson, of Milford, and left one child, — Evangeline, — who has since become the wife of a Mr. Johnson, of Mil- ford. Mrs. Dr. Bartolette subsequently married a Mr. Hallahan, and is living near Eiegelsville. Chables B. Ferguson was Dr. Wall's successor at Pittstown, locating there in 1826, and continuing his practice with average success for five years, when he removed to Doylestown, Pa., where he subsequently died. RlCHAKD Gagen, who practiced in Pittstown from 1835-37, was a native of Ireland. He was well read in his profession, and very successful in practice. He would not stoop to some of the customs of the times. From Pittstown he removed to Philadelphia, thence to New Orleans, where he died about 1840. He was a very precise man, and remarkably neat, but very diffident and unassuming. George T. Blake was a native of Maine, a grad- uate in medicine in the city of New York ; located in New Germantown, this county, in 1853; practiced there four years or more, and removed to Elizabeth. He subsequently made a specialty of treating cancers. He died in 1861. Ciceko Hunt, born in Mercer Co., N. J., studied medicine with Dr. James T. Clarke, of Trenton, and located in 1828 at Eingos, where he labored as a physician unremittingly for thirty-five years, until 1863, when he relinquished the business to his partner, C. W. Larison, M.D. He died Dec. 1, 1876. Jacob W. Williamson, son of Abraham Wil- liamson, born May 12, 1821, residing near Eingos, practiced a short time at his native place. He went to California, but after a short stay came back and located at Somerville. In 1852 he returned to Eingos, where he died August 9th. He was buried in the cemetery between Pleasant Corner and Eeaville. * "He was the last of the surviviDg brothers of the fsiraily. All the sisters, four io number, still survive."— K-ant. StaU Society, 1867. Jacob Jennings, the first physician located in Eeadington, practiced there in 1784, and probably earlier. He owned and resided on the farm where Jacob G. Scomp now lives. He had an extensive practice. He was a member of the North Branch (now Eeadington) Eeformed Church, and in 1789 be- came a minister of that, and later of the Presbyterian, denomination. He was the grandfather of Governor Henry A. Wise, of Virginia. Ebenezer Sherwood, born in Woodbury, Conn., in 1782, studied medicine with Drs. Charles Smith and Moses Scott, of New Brunswick. After being licensed to practice he located in Eeadington (1807), where he continued seven years. He married Miss Elizabeth Sloan, by whom he had one child, Eliza- beth, deceased. His first wife dying in 1814, he mar- ried Mrs. Elizabeth Lane, widow of John Lane, and removed into German Valley, locating at what is now known as Middle Valley, where he practiced until 1844, then removing to Peapack, where he spent the remaining nine years of his life, dying Feb. 25, 1854. He was a Presbyterian, a man of ordinary size, rather slender, of general good health, although in his later years rheumatism compelled him to use crutches. While practicing in the valley he had a private insti- tution for the treatment and relief of the insane. This was before the day of asylums. He left a widow, four sons, and three daughters. The eldest, Eev. Jona. H., was in charge of the Presbyterian Church at Milford, where he died ; Marshall, the youngest, is a practicing lawyer in Iowa; the other two are farmers. John Van Horn, a native of Eeadington, this county, was a pupil of Dr. Jacob Jennings, and com-~ menced practice about 1787, living in the house with his brother on the Old York Eoad, about one and one- half miles from the Eeadington church. He practiced for twenty years, and was found dead in the road, after a dark, stormy night, some distance from home, near David Scomp's, with indications of epilepsy. The head-stone in the Eeadington churchyard con- tains the following : "In Memory of DocT. John Van Horn, who departed this life A. D. 1807, In the 41st year of his age. A message for me was suddenly sent. My age but forty-one ; My friends, make haste for to repent, For your time may quickly come." Wesley Cramer, son of William Cramer, of Round Valley, Hunterdon Co., after acquiring his profession, located in Eeadington in 1854. He boarded with L. B. Stout. He subsequently prac- ticed in Lebanon ville, and afterwards to Aurora, 111. William P. Woodruff, who practiced in Mil- ford from 1830 to 1837, moved thence to German Val- THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF HUNTBEDON COUNTY. 22"9 ley, where he stayed but a short time; removed to Ohio, and died there in 1851. William Mobelan came from Sussex Co., N. J., to New Hampton in 1810, and practiced there ten or more years. Dr. Blane says, " He is spoken of both by patients and members of the profession as a popu- lar and successful physician. He was generous and confiding, loved to enjoy life in his peculiar way, and was not content unless he had a friend to partake with him. He had been twice married, had a son, "William, whom he educated for the profession, and a daughter, who married John Hunt, near Asbury." Samuel W. Fell, born at Wilkesbarre, Pa., in 1788, located at New Hampton before the war of 1812. He married Miss Lydia, daughter of Maj. Henry Dusenberry, and commanded a company, the " Washington Greens," in the war of 1812, and after its close resumed his practice at New Hampton, but subsequently removed to Belvidere, where h? died, July 11, 1824, aged thirty-six years. His wife died March 18, 1839, aged forty-eight years. His only son, J. W., studied medicine under Dr. McClenahan, and after his graduation went to England. John Van Cleve Johnson, son of William John- son, M.D., deceased, of WhiteHouse, studied medicine with his father, whom he for some time aided in his extensive practice. He then removed to Somerville and assisted Dr. H. Vanderveer, and in July, 1858, returned to White House, practicing with his father until the latter's death, in 1867. He still pursues his profession there, occupying his father's late residence.* Dr. Thomas Johnson, another son of William, is now practicing at Eeadington. Thomas Elder, a rather eccentric Scotchman, who purchased at a sheriff's sale most of the village of Bloomsbury after the manufacture of iron was dis- continued, practiced medicine rather for the accom- modation of his neighbors than from choice, but was popular and successful therein. He was a high- minded, honorable man, but very proud. He finally sold out and removed to Philadelphia with his family. Hugh Hughes, son of Dr. John S. Hughes, who was his preceptor, practiced at Washington, N. J., from 1816 to 1822, when he changed locations with Dr. John Sloan, then at Bloomsbury. Dr. Hughes practiced at the latter place from 1822 until his death, in 1856, April 22d. He was born March 17, 1794. He never married. He was buried in the Greenwich churchyard. His obituary may be found in vol. ix. of the Medical and Surgical Reporter. Richard Kroesen, born in Eeadington township in 1766, a pupil of Dr. Jacob Jennings, practiced in Eeadington, New Germantown, Eingos, and Lam- bertville, where he died, March 19, 1807, aged forty- one years. His remains, at first interred in the Pres- byterian cemetery at Lambertville, were afterwards * Dr. Blane's Medical History of Hanterdon County, p. 98. removed to Mount Hope Cemetery. His wife was Miss Abigail, daughter of Abraham Ten Eyok. William Coryell came with Dr. John Lilly as a stable-boy. When he grew up he studied medicine with his employer, and was graduated in the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1826. He then went into partnership with his preceptor and benefactor, and continued until his death, three years later. William Alexander Anderson Hunt, one of the oldest practitioners in the county, was the son of Eev. Holloway W. Hunt, for many years pastor of the Presbyterian churches of Alexandria and Bethle- hem. Dr. Hunt read with Dr. William McKissack, at- tended medical lectures in New York, and was licensed to practice in 1816 ; he joined the Somerset District Medical Society in 1817, and that of this county in 1823. The University of the City of New York con- ferred on him, in 1847, the honorary degree of M.D. He practiced in Eeadington 1817-19, and at Clarks- ville until near the time of his decease, Sept. 9, 1878. David FoRST.f a native of Solebury, Bucks Co., Pa., born in 1786, read with Dr. John Wilson, of that place, and in 1807 settled to practice in the lower part of Kingwood, where he continued as a successful phy- sician until his decease, Aug. 6, 1821. His wife died in Philadelphia in 1862, aged seventy-three years. Both were buried in " Barber's Burying-ground." Benjamin Van Cleve Hunt, son of Daniel Hunt, of Clinton, after acquiring his profession, located near that place. He married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. John F. Grandin, of Hamden. About 1819 he emigrated to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he died. He sustained a good reputation as a practitioner, and well maintained the dignity of the profession. CoNYNGHAM Crawford, a native of Ireland, was graduated from Eutgers and Jefferson Colleges, and settled at Hunt's Mills (Clinton) in 1828. He built the house lately occupied by Dr. Henry Field, de- ceased, to whom he sold. He removed to Philadel- phia in 1832 ; subsequently went to Louisiana, where he died. John McGloughlen was born in Ireland. He came to Alexandria township about 1787, taught school, boarding with Dr. George Campbell. He married Miss Jane Stull, and commenced farming at Helltown (now Spring Mills). He was frequently called to visit the sick and prescribe for them, and after Dr. Campbell was afflicted with paralysis (1812), and particularly after Dr. McGill's death, in 1815, these calls for medical aid were greatly increased. " He was, through the wants of the times, the com- mon consent of the people, owing to their confidence in his skill and ability, made emphatically the Cin- cinnatus of our profession; and the next year (1816) the Legislature passed a law licensing all who were in regular practice at the time. This completed his ability to collect, but did not add to his practice, as f Generally pronounced Fuss. 230 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. he alreadj' had all he was able to do, riding day and night. He practiced over grounds on which there are no less than fourteen practicing physicians now located, at a time when roads were poor and no bridges to cross the Delaware. He practiced largely in Pennsylvania, and was for over fifteen years sur- geon to the Second Regiment of the Hunterdon bri- gade of militia. He was a stout-built, full-habited man, with keen blue eyes and browu hair. He was quick at repartee, kindly in his manners, and very hospitable. He died Sept. 17, 1835, and was buried in the Stull (now known as Salter's) burying-ground, between Milford and Frenchtovvn."* Jacob K. Steyker, a native of German Valley, Morris Co., read medicine with Dr. Combs; was graduated at the University of New York, 1849; lo- cated at California, this county, where he practiced until his death, Sept. 8, 18(32, at the age of forty-one years and eleven months. He was buried in the cemetery attached to the Lo^ver Yallej' Presbyterian church. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Leonard Flomerfelt. His one surviving child is since deceased. He was a very careful and observant practitioner, and a much more useful man in the profession than some who have made more noise and stir in the world. He was a member of the Lutheran Church. CoENELius W. Larison was graduated M.D., Jan. 20, 1863. He immediately thereafter settled at Rin- gos, Hunterdon Co., where he has since been engaged in the practice of medicine and in educational matters, in which he has always taken a lively interest.! Rev. Geoege H. Laeison, of Lambertville, studied medicine with Dr. Samuel Lilly, of Lambertville ; attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, in 1858 receiving the degree of M.D. He com- menced practicing in Bucks Co., Pa., but the fol- lowing year removed to Lambertville, where he has since resided, and where he has an extensive and lucrative practice. He is a member of the County Medical Society, and was for seven years its secretary ; is also a member of the State Medical Society, and for years wa,s one of its vice-presidents or its jjresiding officer.^ Andrew B. Larison was born at Sandy Ridge, Hunterdon Co., Dec. 31, 1841. He was the third son of Benjamin Larison, and a brother of Dr. C. W. Larison, of Ringos. He entered Geneva Medical College in 1861, graduating therefrom in 1864, and immediately entered the United States army as an assistant surgeon. After the war he attended the Lewisburg (Pa.) University, and was ordained a min- ister of the Baptist Church in 1870 ; henceforward he was engaged as principal of the Ringos seminary, and as pastor of the church at the same place until his death, Sept. 25, 1872. Geoege R. Sullivan, of Flemington, son of * Dr. Blane, Med. Hist, 1673. t See further sketch in history of East Amwell tuwiishiii. X See further sketch in history of Lanihertville. James T. Sullivan, of Pennsylvania, was born in Maryland in 1836. He was graduated from Newton University, receiving his degree of M.D. in 1859 from the Maryland Medical College. He removed to Hun- terdon County in 1860, locating in Flemington, and laboring successfully as a physician until July, 1862, when he entered the service of his country as assistant surgeon of the Fifteenth Volunteer Infantry Regi- ment. After two years' service with this command he was (1864) appointed surgeon of the Thirty-ninth Regiment, and served until peace was declared. " Few surgeons rendered more continuous service in the army than Dr. Sullivan, and certainly none more valuable. From the battle-fields of Virginia he re- turned to Flemington, wdiere he resumed his jirofes- sional duties, continued uninterruptedly until the present time, with the exception of a few months' visit to Europe in 1S80. His practice is extensive, and he is in frequent request as a consulting physi- cian. He has rare ability as a surgeon, and has per- formed many of the most important oj^erations which have claimed the attention of the profession in the State." He married, in 1877, Miss Adah, daughter of the late George F. Crater, of Flemington. John H. Ewing, who is now, and has been since 1879, associated in practice with Dr. Sullivan, is a native of Flemington, where he was born in the year 1853. He was graduated at Jefiersou Medical College in 1877, and subsequently practiced his profession at St. Mary's Hospital, Philadelphia. De Witt C. Hough was for six years engaged as a physician at Frenchtown. He removed to Rah way, N. .1., in 1856 ; was surgeon of the Seventh New Jersey Infantry Regiment during the war ; since its close has enjoyed various civil honors and a large and iuflnential practice in the city to which he removed from this county. He was a member of the District Medical Society of Hunterdon County during his residence here, joining in 1855 and being honorably discharged in 1856. William H. SfHENCK, born at Flemington, Sept. 21, 1826, attended the public schools of his native place and the gramimar-school of Rutgers College ; commenced the study of medicine under the instruc- tion of his father. Dr. John F. Schenck, and was graduated from the University of New York in 1848. He then entered into practice at Flemington, in com- pany with his father. In 1850-51 he was engaged in medical practice at Ringos, and after a year spent in the drug business in New York he embarked in 1853 for Australia, where he resided for fourteen years, engaged in mining and in the practice of his pro- fession. While there, in the year 1862, he married iMargaret JIcLean, a native of Scotland. In 1867 he returned to America and resumed his residence and his practice in Flemington, where he still con- tinues. John Lilly was a prominent physician and resi- dent practitioner of medicine in Lambertville since THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 231 1809* He was the son of Samuel Lilly, barrister, and ■was born in Staffordshire, England, in 1783. He was "apprenticed" to Dr. Samuel Stringer, of Albany, N. Y., and after serving four years was licensed in 1807. In 1808 he commenced practice at Keading- ton, Hunterdon Co., succeeding Dr. John Van Horn, but the following year removed to Lambertville, same county, becoming the successor of Dr. Kroesen, then recently deceased. He was in 1821 one of the founders of the District Medical Society of Hunter- don County ; was its president in 1825 and 1847, vice- president in 1823 and 1846, treasurer from 1836 to 1846, a censor from 1821 to 1825, inclusive, and in 1847-48, and was repeatedly a delegate to the State Medical Society, of which he was an active member. "His mind and character were those of a refined gentleman, scrupulously neat in his personal habits, pure and chaste in all his acts and words ; he was very attentive to his patients ; his judgment sound and clear, and his practice in emergent or dangerous cases prompt and energetic. . . . He was always a stickler for the most rigid professional ethics. He never permitted himself to be betrayed into the vio- lation of the strictest code, and was not slow to con- demn such violation on the part of others."! He was a member, even early in life, of the Protestant Epis- copal Church, and for years a vestryman or senior warden of St. Andrew's at Lambertville. In 1840-41 he was a member of the Legislative Council of New Jersey. He died June, 1848.t His wife was Miss Julia Moodie, of Lansingburg, N. Y., whom he married in 1808. Samuel Lilly graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with the degree of M.D. in 1837, and immediately entered upon the practice of his pro- fession at Lambertville. He soon acquired an exten- sive business and high reputation as a physician. He was a leading member of the County Medical So- ciety,? of the State Medical Society (of which he was president in 1853), and an official of the American Medical Association. He died April 3, 1880. He was buried at Mount Hope Cemetery. " As a practi- tioner he preferred surgery, and was a good and safe operator." He wrote many medical essays, etc., was a man of temperate habits, about five feet nine inches high and weighing two hundred pounds, frank and affable, and of refined and literary tastes. He was twice married,— in 1839 to Mary A. Titus, of Mercer County, who died; in 1860 to Mary Ellen Torbert (widow), daughter of Lewis Coryell; she died in 1867.11 Geokge W. Campbell, late of Frenchtown, and son of James Campbell, was born at Newtown-Stewart, * New Jersey Biographical EncyclopEedia, p. 75. t Dr. John Blaae. I On one of the vralls in the interior of St. Andrew's church is a tablet to his memory, the inscription on which ends with these words: "In puce dormet.^^ § Admitted May 3, 1847. I See sketch in connection with "Bench and Bar." County Tyrone, Ireland, Aug. 15, 1758. Educated at Dublin University, he received special medical in- struction from Dr. Farling. He received his degree of M.D. while the American Revolution was in prog- ress, and, sympathizing with the patriot cause, he emigrated to this country and joined the Continental army. He served as surgeon until peace was de- clared, when he settled at Frenchtown.^ In 1787 he became a member of the State Medical Society. His exceptionally thorough education and his extensive surgical experience during the war combined to throw into his hands a very large practice. Here he mar- ried Rachel, youngest daughter of Jeremiah Thatcher, by whom he had two children.** He was actively engaged in his profession until prostrated by paralysis in 1812, his death following a second stroke in Au- gust, 1818. He was buried in the Kingwood Presby- terian churchyard. William Welch, a native of Hunterdon, born in Bethlehem, Sept. 12, 1837, son of William Welch, of Valley Station, who was a farmer in that township. After his graduation, in 1859, he settled in Philadel- phia, Pa., which has been his residence and the theatre of his professional labors until the present time. He holds high rank in the profession, both as a practitioner and as a writer. John Leavitt, of Baptisttown, was born in New Hampshire in 1819. He read with Dr. R. M. Mc- Lenahan, of New Hampton, Hunterdon Co. After receiving his diploma he commenced practicing at Asbury, Warren Co., but after some subsequent changes located at Baptisttown, this county, in 1854. He was there engaged in active practice until his death, Oct. 20, 1875. He was a member of the Dis- trict Medical Society, and in 1860 its president. He was very conservative in practice. Howard Sehvis was born near Ringos, Hunter- don Co., Oct. 6, 1829. His father. Garret, was post- master at Clinton, also sheriff and a member of the Legislature; his mother, Susan Stout, was a grand- daughter of John Hart, a signer of the " Declaration." Howard was a student of Dr. Charles C. Philips, of Deerfield, N. J. ; entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1856, and in 1858 received his degree. He at once commenced the practice of medicine at Fairmount, this county, but in 1863 removed to New Hampton, and succeeded to Dr. R. M. McLenahan's practice, the latter giving up professional labor on account of failing health. About three years ago he removed to Hampton Junc- tion. He has made the record of an eminently suc- cessful physician and surgeon. In 1867 he married f He was commissioned " surgeon, hospital Flying Camp, Continental army, April 11, 1776."— Slrjiter'e Regisla- New Jersey in the Revolution. ** His wife survived him, living with her daughter until her decease, Feb. 14, 18:)7. His daughter, Ann (who married John Fine, Esq., of War- ren County, since deceased), subsequently lived with her son in New York City. Hia son, James, died in lS\5.—Blane's Medical History of Eun- O'.rdnn Connty. 232 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Belinda, daughter of Philip Johnston, of Washington, N. J. Henry A. Kiekpateick, son of the late Rev. Jacob Kirkpatrick, D.D., of Amwell, was born in 1816. Having read medicine in the office of Dr. Cicero Hunt, of Ringos, he entered Jefferson Medical College, where he was graduated M.D. in 1841, and the same year established himself at Stanton, Hun- terdon Co., where he continued until his decease. He acquired a large practice and the reputation of a skillful physician. He married (1) Mary Servis, of Ringos, and (2) a daughter of Jacques Quick, of Readington. He died Sept. 29, 1851. He was buried in the cemetery of the United First Presbyterian Church of Amwell, and the marble over his grave bears this inscription : "lu Memory of DocTR. H. A. Kirkpatrick, who died Sept, 29th, 1S61, III the 35th year of his age. Oft between Deiith and his patient he stood, And relieved by the healing art. Yet thoupli science and knowledge his mind had enlarged. He fell by the conqueror's dart. But Death though the body he brings to the tomb In spite of the genius of man, The soul that's in Jesus is free from all harm. Let bis power do all that it can." His wife, Mary, died April 7, 1846, aged thirty years, and her grave and that of her husband are side by side. Sylvester Van Syckel, of Clinton, was born in Union township, Hunterdon Co., Feb. 21, 1826. He is a son of the late Aaron Van Syckel, and a brother of Judge Bennet Van Syckel, late of Flera- ington, now of Trenton. The family is of Dutch extraction. Graduating from Princeton in 1846, he became the pupil of the celebrated Dr. Valentine Mott, and attended lectures at the University of New York ; became an M.D. in 1849, and was successively assistant physician, house physician, and house sur- geon of Bellevue Hospital. He was appointed by Governor Clark one of the quarantine hospital phy- sicians in 1850, during the ship-fever epidemic. He removed to Clinton (1850), commenced there the practice of his profession, and soon had an extensive ride. For many years he has held a leading place among the physicians of that section. March 24 1853, he joined his fortunes with those of Mary E., daughter of John Carhart, of Clinton. Of his six children, three are now (1880) living,— John C, Wil- liam C, and V. Lamar. Nathaniel B. Boileau, son-in-law of Dr. John Blane, graduated an M.D. in 1858, and has since practiced in this county, for the past thirteen years at Perryville. See further sketch in the history of Union township. John R. Todd was graduated from the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, March 10, 1864. April 15, 1864, he was commissioned an acting as- sistant surgeon in the United States volunteers, and attached to the Second New Jersey Cavalry Regiment. Nov. 1, 1865, he was honorably discharged, and in January, 1866, having been licensed, he commenced practice at Lebanonville, Hunterdon Co. He was a member of the District Medical Society, and in ex- cellent standing as a physician and citizen. He married a daughter of W. Johnson, Esq. He died (Lebanonville) in 1876. In October, 1880, his widow married Dr. John Grandin, of this county. William Wetherell, of Lambertville, son of a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Wrights- town, Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 1, 1819. His literary edu- cation was received at the Newtown Academy, and his medical instruction from Dr. C. W. Smith, of Wrightstowu, supplemented by two courses of lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he was graduated with the class of 1846. He soon after removed to Lambertville, N. J., and commenced practice. During the years that have supervened he has won the confidence and esteem of the community in which he resides. " Jealous for the honor of his profession, and concerned for the safety of the public, he has always given earnest attention to the subject of regulating the practice of medicine, and was mainly instrumental in getting through the Legislature the present law regulating practice in the State." Robert Mills McLenahan, who practiced as a physician at New Hampton, Hunterdon Co., from the time of receiving his doctor's degree (1836) until within a short time of his death, which occurred April 28, 1864, was born Oct. 19, 1817, at Pennington, N. J. ; studied medicine with Dr. Joseph Welling, and was graduated from the New York Medical Col- lege. His genial manners, combined with high pro- fessional abilities, won him a reputation seldom enjoyed by u. country physician. So heavy became his labors, and with constantly failing health, that he called in the professional aid of Dr. Howard Servis, who became his successor. His first wife was Chris- tiana, daughter of the late Aaron Van Syckel, of Union township ; she died March 8, 1856. His second wife, a Jliss Johnston, survives him. His remains repose in the Baptist churchyard in ITnion township. John Alfred Gray was born on the homestead- farm of his father, Joseph Gray, in the vicinity of Princeton, July 6, 1812. His mother's maiden name was Annie Furman ; his parents were both natives of New Jersey. Before entering college he was the pupil of Rev. Dr. Baird, of Princeton. He was grad- uated at Nassau Hall in 1S;!2, and studied his profes- sion with Samuel ETowell, M.D., of Princeton ; at- tended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1836. He then removed to Toledo, Ohio, and for a time was assistant editor of the Tn/nio Blade; from thence he removed to Rocky Hill, Somerset Co., where he practiced from 1844 to 1854, when he removed to Flemington, where THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 233 he continued until his death. July 3, 1837, he mar- ried Miss Ahhy Douglas, of Trenton, N. J., who died at Eocky Hill, Feb. 22, 1846. On May 24, 1848, he married Miss Jane Allen Hart, daughter of the late Neal Hart, Esq., of Eocky Hill* who survived him. Dr. Gray was an efficient practitioner, but failing health in his later years impaired his usefulness in the profession. He was conservative in practice, and yet not behind the times. He was a member in good standing of the District Medical Society of Hunter- don County, attending to his duties with alacrity, and was its president in 1865. In 1864 he became a member of the American Medical Association. He died at his residence in Flemington, Sept. 29, 1872.* Henry Eace, son of Jacob Eace and Sophia Hoff his wife, was born Feb. 23, 1814, in Kingwood, now Franklin, township. He studied medicine with Drs. H. H. Abernethy and Henry Southard, and graduated in the Medical Department of the University of Penn- sylvania, March 31, 1843. He commenced the prac- tice of his profession immediately after, at Pittstown, Hunterdon Co., which situation he has occupied ever since, except from February, 1849, to April, 1851, spent in California. He was married May 6, 1857, to Ada Louisa Woodruff, of Milford, N. J.f Geokge Newton Best, son of Cornelius Best and Elsie Alpaugh his wife, was born at Eound Valley, Clinton township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Oct. 16, 1846. He prepared for college at Pennington Insti- tute, Pennington, N. J., and entered Lafayette Col- lege, class of 1873 ; passed through freshman, sopho- more, and half of junior year. On leaving college he took charge of Eiegelsville high school ; also taught at Wilmington, Del. He studied medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. A. S. Jordan, of Eiegelsville, N. J. ; attended three courses of medical lectures and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 1875. He commenced the practice of his profession, the same year, at Eosemont, Hunterdon Co., where he still remains. He was married in 1877 to Hannah, daughter of Eichard Wilson, of Eaven Eock, N. J. Thomas Edgar Hunt, son of William A. A. Hunt, M.D., and his wife Eliza S. Auten, and grandson of Eev. Hollovvay W. Hunt, who for more than forty years was the pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Bethlehem, was born at Clarksville, Hunterdon Co., N. J., about 1827. After receiving his preliminary education he studied medicine with his father, and attended the medical lectures of the University of New York, graduating in 1847. On the 3d of May of the same year he received from the medical society of New Jersey his diploma to practice in this State, and at the same time became a member of the Dis- trict Medical Society of the county of Hunterdon. Of this society he was vice-president in 1852, and president in 1853. About this time he received the * Dr. John Blane, in Trans. Stiite Society, 1872, pp. 112, 113. t See also slietch of the Kace family in the history of Franklin town- ship, in this work. 16 honorary degree of A.M. from the College of New Jersey, at Princeton. In 1848 was delegate to the American Medical Association, and was for some time permanent member of the same. He married Miss Cynthia Martin, daughter of Judge Martin, of Orange Co., N. Y. ; they have had a large family of children, six of whom are living, — two daughters and four sons. William C. Alpaugh, a native of Tewksbury township, this county, born Sept. 14, 1841, was of German extraction, his ancestors being among the earliest settlers of the State. He lived upon his fath- er's farm until his .sixteenth year, and for two years thereafter was engaged in school-teaching. He spent the two years following at the Hackettstown Presby- terian Seminary, and then read medicine with Dr. Barclay, of Lebanon, N. J. In 1865 he entered the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and in 1867 was admitted to practice in the Charity Hospital, con- nected therewith. The next year he was graduated second in a class of more than one hundred students. He at once began a regular practice, but in the spring of 1869 was induced to settle at High Bridge, Hun- terdon Co. He was associated on the start with Dr. Fields, of Clinton, but after 1872 practiced alone. He has a deservedly high reputation as a physician and surgeon, an extensive practice, and a wide ride. Alexander Barclay, whose father was also a physician,! was born at Aberdeen, Scotland, Jan. 9, 1832. He read medicine under his father, attended lectures, was graduated M.D., and licensed by the board of State censors. He then (1860) began prac- tice at New Germantown. During the war of the Eebellion he served as assistant surgeon of the Thirtieth Eegiment New Jersey Volunteers, resign- ing therefrom March 5, 1863, and returning to New Germantown. He resumed his practice, which he continued until his death, caused by his horse taking fright and running away, he being thrown from his carriage ; his skull was fractured and effusion resulted, causing his death at the end of three days, — June 18, 1865. His professional standing was excellent. He was a member of the County Medical Society. He was quite a musician, and, in fact, had a diversity of talents. His wife was a Miss Waldron, of New Ger- mantown ; left two children, — a son and a daughter. John P. B. Sloan, born near Bloomsbury, N. J., May 26, 1799, after being licensed as a physician, es- tablished himself in Bloomsbury, Hunterdon Co. He subsequently removed to Washington, N. J., and died at Ea-ston, Pa., Feb. 10, 1849. He was one of the founders, in 1821, of the Hunterdon County Medical Society, in whose archives is still preserved a well- written dissertation by him on "Intermittent Fever,'' read before that body at its semi-annual meeting in October, 1822, which shows that he was disposed to analytical investigation of disease, — a taste by no means common among country practitioners of his J Dr. Alexander Barclay, of Newhurg, N. T. 234 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. time. He was the son of Eev. William B. Sloan, for many years pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Greenwich, Warren Co., N. J. John S. Linabeery, born in Morris Co., N. J., son of John Linaberry, received his primary educa- tion in the schools of Hunterdon County, was a stu- dent at Ann Arbor University, Michigan, and gradu- ated in medicine at the University of the City of New York in 1861, soon after which he settled at Moun- tainville, in Tewtsbury township, this county, w'here he has since successfully practiced his profession. In 1862 he was married to Ellen Eobinson, of this county. Henet B. Nightingale was the son of the Rev. Nightingale, a Baptist minister of Doylestown, Pa. He was well educated, was a graduate at Phila- delphia, a member of the District Medical Society of this county, a scientific and judicious practitioner, and was a member of the Baptist Church. He prac- ticed his profession at Eosemont (commencing about the year 1859) and at Flemington, ending his days of usefulness at the former place, Sept. 10, 1873, aged about fifty years. He left a widow and a large family to mourn his loss. James Eeiley, born at Durham, Bucks Co., Pa., in the year 1829, was graduated from Union College in 1849; studied medicine with Dr. Condict, of Blairs- town ; attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, and soon after com- menced practice at Lambertville, in this county. In 1862 he was appointed surgeon of the Twenty-fifth Eegiment of New Jersey Volunteers, and soon be- came brigade surgeon ; was mustered out of service in June, 1863. He helped to raise the Thirty-third Eegiment New Jersey Volunteers, and was appointed its surgeon. He served with distinction until the close of the war, in 1865. He died March 23, 1872, at Succasunna, N. J., where he had enjoyed an ex- tensive practice for years. John Watson Young, son of Nelson V. Young, Esq., was born at Mount Airy, in West Amwell town- ship, this county, Jan. 1, 1840. He studied with Dr. William Wetherell, of Lambertville, who was his at- tending physician during his last illness. He matric- ulated at Jefferson Medical College, and was gradu- ated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1862. The same year he located at Montague, Sussex Co., N. J. there practiced his profession, and there died, Feb. 14, 1864. He was buried at Mount Airy. His son bears his name, — John Watson Young. AsBUEY Parish, M.D., was born May 17, 1846, at Franklin, Delaware Co., N. Y. He was graduated at the Jefi"erson Medical College of Philadelphia in March, 1874 ; served as substitute resident physician at the Pennsylvania Hospital for some time; was then appointed to the resident staff of jphysicians of the St. Mary's Hospital, and served one year. In the summer of 1876 he commenced practice in Fleming- ton, where he is still located. He married Theresa H. Down in February, 1877. The practicing physicians in the county at the present time are the following : Matthias Abel, T. M. A'Hearn, William C. Alpaugh, John Blane, N. B. Boileau, George N. Best, G. W. Bartow, Isaac S. Cramer, William S. -Creveling, Emanuel K. Deemy, John H. Ewing, John F. Grandin, William Hackett, T. Edgar Hunt, Edgar Hunt, Jeremiah O. Huff, John V. 0. Johnson, Thomas Johnson, Moses D. Knight, William Knight, Cornelius W. Larison, George H. Larison, John S. Linaberry, William E. Little, J. D. McCauley, Asbury Parish, A. S. Pitinger, Henry Eace, A. M. K. Eeading, George P. Eex, Lewis C. Eice, George T. Eibble, Asher T. Eiley, John V. Eobbins, John F. Schenck, William H. Schenck, Howard Servis, 0. H. Sproul, Albert Shannon, A. C. Smith, Theodore H. Studdiford, George R. Sullivan, Sylvester Van Syckel, Horace G. Wetherell, William Wetherell, Peter C. Young. HOMCEOPATHY IN HUNTERDON. The first person in this county to practice medicine upon the principle of similia similibus curantur ("like cures like") was Claeence W. Mitlfoed, a retired Baptist clergyman of Flemington. He was not, we believe, a college graduate, although well read in the science of medicine. He became pojjular as a phy- sician, and had an immense practice. This, taken in connection with his enfeebled state of health, caused him, in 1860, to associate with himself Dr. Joseph Tay- lor, but he continued in active practice nearly to the time of his death, which occurred in July, 1864. He was pastor of the Baptist Church in Flemington from 1844 to 1849. His son. Dr. Joseph Mulford, was a graduate of Hahnemann College, Philadelphia. He removed to New Brunswick, N. J., was a surgeon in the army during the Eebellion, and is now serving in the same capacity in the United States army. William E. Hand, a native of Somerset County, commenced the " regular" practice of medicine in Hunterdon County at Clarksville in partnership with Dr. W. A. A. Hunt in 1826. He married a daughter of J. Annin, of Somerset, and in 1827 removed to Barbertown, this county. While at this place he be- came a convert to the principles of Hahnemann, for in 1856 his name was dropped from the roll of mem- bers of the District Medical Society of Hunterdon County " for practicing homoeopathy." He remained in practice at Barbertown until 1870, when he re- moved to Virginia, and died there in 1871, aged about seventy-five years. J. Irons, formerly of Philadelphia, settled in Lam- bertville about the year 1859. After a residence and practice there of two or three years he removed from the place, and is since deceased. Joseph Taylor, also of Philadelphia, came to Flemington in 1860, as stated above, to assist Dr. Mulford. He was a grandson of the celebrated Rich- ard Gardner, M.D., of Philadelphia. Dr. Taylor served for two years as a surgeon in the Union army, THE PRESS OF HUNTEEDON COUNTY. 235 1862-63, after which he practiced his profession in Flemington until 1866, and at Frankford, Pa., until his death, in 1871. He was a graduate of Hahne- mann College. J. J. CuEEiE, a native of Swedesboro', N. J., and a graduate of Hahnemann College, came to Flem- ington in 1866, where he practiced until 1871, then removed to Hightstown, in this State. He subse- quently went to Columbus, Burlington Co., N. J., where he is now engaged in active practice. T. B. J. BuRD was born in 1846, ki Hunterdon County ; graduated from the Hahnemann College in 1871, and at once commenced practice at Washington, Warren Co., N. J., but soon removed to Flemington, engaging at once in a practice of homoeopathy, which he still continues. He is a member of the Homoeop- athic Society of New Jersey. Isaac Coopee, formerly a resident at MuUica Hill, Gloucester Co., N. J., established himself as a prac- ticing homoeopathic physician at Frenchtown in the year 1871. Four years later he removed to Trenton, where he is still in practice. John M. Lowe came to Milford, Alexandria town- ship, of this county, in 1873, where he is still en- gaged in his profession. He was graduated by the University of New York in 1858, and has been prac- ticing homcBopathy for the past fifteen years. Rurtrs Eeed, from Yonkers, N. Y., settled at Lam- bertville in 1877, and is now (1880) practicing there. He was graduated from Hahnemann College. David Kittingee was also a graduate of the Philadelphia College (Hahnemann), and settled in Flemington in 1861 or 1862. When Dr. Taylor went into the army. Dr. Kittinger took his practice, but upon the former's return the latter removed to Wil- mington, Del., where he now resides and practices. By the above it will be seen that there are at the present time only three regular homoeopathic physi- cians in Hunterdon County, — viz.. Dr. Lowe, at Mil- ford ; Dr. Eeed, at Lambertville, and Dr. Burd, at Flemington. There is no homoeopathic medical society in this county. CHAPTER VIL THE PKESS OF HUNTEEDOIT COUNTY. First Newspaper in the State— The First Paper in the County— The Hun- terdon Gazette, the Pioneer Paper in what is now Hunterdon— The Hunterdon Eepublican— Clinton Newspapers— The Lambertville Press — The Press of Frenchtown— Other Papers. The State of New Jersey did not have a newspaper until the year 1777,* although a magazine of some note — "The American Magazine"— had been pub- * It was styled the New Jersey Gazette, and commenced Dec. 5, 1777. Imprint: " Burlington, printed hy Isaac Collins." A folio sheet, about eight by twelve inches, price twenty-six shillings per annum. It was re- moved to Trenton in 1778, and discontinued in 1786. lished at Woodbridge, Middlesex Co., some years before. About six months after the New Jersey Oa- zette suspended, the Federal Post or the Trenton Weekly Mercury was established (May 5, 1787), which has since passed through many hands and changes of title, — as the Advertiser and as the Federalist, — and is now the State Gazette. The True American appeared in 1801, and disappeared in 1828, although the name was again revived in 1845. In 1821, Stacy G. Potts and Joseph Justice commenced the Emporium, a relig- ious and literary paper ; in 1827 it became a Jackson organ. It was discontinued in 1838, the year Mercer County was formed. The National Union was pub- lished in 1833,- by E. B. Adams. These papers were the only newspapers published in Trenton, so long as that place remained in Hunterdon County. THE HUNTERDON GAZETTE. The first paper which was issued in what is now Hunterdon County was the Hunterdon Oazette. This paper was printed and published at Flemington, by Charles George, editor and proprietor ; it appeared as a non-partisan sheet on the 25th day of March, 1825, and was placed at the rate of two dollars yearly. Mr. George continued to publish the Gazette until the 2d of May, 1832, when the paper was discontinued, although Mr. George continued to keep a job-office until July 18, 1838, when John S. Brown bought the' material and revived the Oazette. He continued the publication until the 1st of March, 1843. Mr. Brown changed the paper to a Whig organ, and advocated the election of William H. Harrison to the Presidency. At the last-named date the paper was sold to John H. Swallow, who was aided in conducting the paper by Henry C. Buffington, who had it under his control for some years, Mr. Swallow subsequently retiring. In 1856 (possibly earlier) the paper was edited by Willard Nichols. After his retirement (date not known) Alexander Suydam became the proprietor, and sold it in 1863 to J. Eutsen Schenck,} who sold it to Charles Tomlinson in July, 1866. Mr. Tomlin- son changed the name of the paper to the Democrat, and published it until July 10, 1867. At that time he purchased the HUNTERDON COUNTY DEMOCRAT, and united the two interests, and continued to pub- lish under the latter title until his death. Thus it will be seen that the Hunterdon County Democrat, as at present organized, is the successor of the first paper published in the county. This, the second paper established, was commenced as a political necessity on the 5th of September, 1838. The Gazette, up to near that time, was non-partisan, and readily gave either party a hearing. This, how- ever could not last, and, the Gazette soon after becom- ing the organ of the Whigs, their political opponents + Son of Dr. John F. Schenck, of Flemington, who served his appren- ticeship in the Hunterdon Democrat ofBoe, under Mr. Seymour. 236 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. were left without a journal devoted to their interests. The Democrats, feeling the need of a mouthpiece, took measures to start a paper : on the 5th of Septem- her, 1838, the Hunterdon Democrat, appeared under the proprietorship of G. C. Seymour, and printed for the proprietor by Josephus Shann. It was a sheet twenty-one by thirty inches in size, and the subscrip- tion was two dollars per annum. Mr. Shann left the Democrat April 1, 1839, when Mr. Seymour assumed the whole management. In September, 1849, Hon. Edmund Perry* became the editor and proprietor, and held it until 18.54. On Jan. 1, 1853, Adam Bellis became the publisher under some agreement with Mr. Perry. About Jan. 1, 1854, Mr. Bellis became owner in part, and continued to manage it as editor and publisher until July, 1866, at which time it passed into the hands of Dr. Nightin- gale,! who, as its editor and publisher, managed it till July, 1867, when Charles Tomlinson became the owner, and merged the two interests of the Democrat (formerly Oazette) with the Hunterdon County Demo- crat, and continued to publish it until his death, Aug. 5, 1875. Under the management of Adam Bellis (now of the Warren Journal) the Democrat became a paying institution, and under the management of Charles Tomlinson its prosperity was increased. After the death of Mr. Tomlinson the property and good will were purchased by Robert J. Killgore, who succeeded to the chair editorial on the 1st of October, 1875, and who continues to give his attention to the paper. The Democrat, in all the forty-two j-ears of its exist- ence, has been conservative in its course, and has ex- ercised an influence for union and harmony in the party that established it. It has taken no part in the making of candidates for local or county ofiices, but when made it has exerted an honest and persevering influence to elect the same. Of all the editors of the Democrat but two survive, Adam Bellis and the pres- ent editor. Mr. Swallow, who once owned the Oazette for a short time, is still alive. In March, 1868, Mr. L. R. Rnnkle succeeded J. Rutsen Schenck as local editor of the Democrat, — a position he has filled acceptably ever since. It is but justice to Mr. Runkle to record the fact that much of the interest which has attached to the paper during the past twelve years is due to his persevering indus- try and tact. Of those who have learned the art of printing in this office, it may be truly said that John Y. Foster j has made his mark the highest. Of the present force on the paper, Messrs. L. R. Runkle, W. S. Runkle, Forrest A. Rice, and John H. Choyce learned the "Art jireservative of all Arts" in this office. * See sketch in "Bench and Bar of Hunterdon County," elsewhere in this worlt. f A personal sketcli of Dr. Niglitingale will he found in the " History of the Medical Profession," ante. X Author of the work ''New Jersey in tlie Eehellion," etc. THE HUNTERDON REPUBLICAN, also published at Flemington, was established in 1856. The Presidential campaign of that year found the young Republican party without a newspaper to rep- resent its principles in Hunterdon County. A stock company was formed, and soon sufficient shares were subscribed and paid for to warrant the establishing of a Republican paper. On the 15th of October, 1856, the first number was issued, Thomas E. Bartow being its editor. He continued at its head until the fall of 1862, when he was succeeded by the late G. A. Allen, Esq.,^ and William G. Callis, who was then employed in the office. Mr. Allen retired from his editorial connection with the paper in 1872, leaving it to the sole control of Mr. Callis, by whom it is now (1880) conducted. Since its establishment the paper has been twice enlarged, and is now one of the largest and hand- somest of our State papers. CLINTON NEWSPAPERS. The first representative of the press in Clinton was the Clinton Times, established in February, 1859, as a local paper, neutral in politics, by William Abell. In April, 1860, it passed into the hands of A. J. Shampa- nore, who converted it into a political organ repre- senting the Republican party. In January, 1861, he enlarged it and changed its name to the New Jer- sey Leader. Soon afterwards Shampanore & Little became its publishers ; then Mr. Little was announced as publisher, and Mr. Shampanore|| as editor. On the 1st of January, 1864, William Abell1[ resumed the proprietorship, and published the paper as a Demo- cratic journal. He continued its issue until the sum- mer of 1865, when it was discontinued. The full files of both the Times and Leader are now in the hands of Enoch Abell, Esq., of Union township. On the 11th of April, 1S68, J. Rutsen Schenck, who had been previously the publisher of the Hunterdon County Oazette, began, in Clinton, The Constitutional Democrat, with a new establishment. Dec. 15, 1868, John Carpenter, Jr., purchased it, changed the naine to THE CLINTON DEMOCEAT, and has continued its publication as a Democratic paper to the present time. It claims to have the largest regular circulation of any newspaper in Hun- terdon County, and is certainly one of the most influ- ential and prosperous. William H. Carpenter is the local editor ; John Carpenter, Jr., editor and proprie- tor. 2 Personal sketcli in " Bench and Bar" chapter, mile. II A, J. Shampanore subsequently published the Belvidere Intellir/encar (now the Apollo), and, associated with his son, is the present proprietor of The Bound Brook Chronicle. 1 Published the HacMlslonii Guuelte from 1861 to 1804. When he discontinued the Leada; in 1865, it was not for w.int of patronage, for its circulation hart been increased to fifteen bundled subscribers, but because he " thought he was tired of the pi inting business." He is now (i^epfeniber, ISSO) residing in Providence, H. I.— Vide person.al letter. THE PRESS OP HUNTERDON COUNTY. 237 THE LAMBERTVILLE PRESS. The first paper published in Lambertville was The Telegraph. It was started in May, 1845, by Jolin E. Swallow. He sold subsequently to Messrs. George C. Large and William B. Hughes ; the latter disposed of his interest to Edwin G. Clark, and the paper was pub- lished under the firm-title of Large & Clark, and later by Mr. Clark alone. While the latter gentle- man had sole charge of the paper he changed the name to The Delaware Valley Diarist. In 1853, Franklin P. Sellars purchased the establishment of Mr. Clark, and upon taking possession he changed the name of the paper to The People's Beacon. He had charge until 1858, when the ofiice again changed owners, and the paper its name ; he sold, in that year, to Clark Pierson, who continued the paper under the title of The Beacon, which name it still bears. In November, 1869, Hazen & Roberts purchased the es- tablishment. April 1, 1875, Phineas K. Hazen bought his partner's interest, and has conducted the sheet to the present time, both as editor and proprietor. During the ownership of Clark Pierson, The Beacon was enlarged from a seven- to an eight-column paper. It has always been neutral in politics. Its publica- tion-office is located on the corner of Bridge and Union Streets, in connection with which is a good job- printing office. The Lambertville Record was founded in September, 1872, by Clark Pierson, as its editor, publisher, and proprietor, and, without any changes, as such still re- mains. It was started as a Republican paper, and so continues. It is a well-managed, ably-conducted local paper. Its office is situated at the corner of Union and Coryell Streets. Mr. Pierson is also post- master. FRENCHTOWN PAPERS. The first paper in Frenchtown was the Press, which was established April 2, 1868, by Charles S. Joiner. It was a weekly paper, independent in politics, and a twenty-four-column quarto in size. In the great fire of June 29, 1878, the office was destroyed. The last number of The Frenchtown Press was a half-sheet, containing an account of the fire, and issued from one of the Trenton printing-offices, July 3, 1878. The Hunterdon Independent first appeared May 6, 1871. Its publishers were S. D. & R. Slack, and An- drew Slack was its proprietor. Boss Slack retired from the firm in the spring of 1874, and S. D. Slack continued the publication of the paper until his death, Jan. 21, 1879. The Independent was then purchased by J. R. Hardon & Co., who had charge until Decem- ber, 1879, when Mr. Hardon became sole editor, pub- lisher, and proprietor. He still continues its publi- cation, the office being located at the corner of Bridge and Harrison Streets. It is a thirty-two-column paper, and is published weekly. The Frenchtown Star was founded by W. H. Sipes, in May, 1879. It was designed to be a monthly peri- odical, and its initial number was eight pages of six by nine inches in size, but it was enlarged with its second number to twelve pages, and so continued for ten months. March 31, 1880, the form was changed to a twenty-four-column, and it was made a weekly at the same time. Mr. Sipes still continues its publication, his office being located at the head of Bridge Street. OTHER PAPERS. The Family Casket was first issued at White House, on Wednesday, the 8th of April, 1868, by A. J. Sham- panore. It was twenty by twenty-six inches in size, and was published weekly, at one dollar per annum. On the 1st of October of that year it was enlarged to a seven-column sheet, it having attained a circulation of six hundred. It was edited and published by Mr. Shampanore until Sept. 12, 1877, when he sold it to E. S. Stout ; but, the latter gentleman not being able to continue it, the establishment reverted to its orig- inal owner, who, on the 1st of December, 1877, re- moved the office to Bound Brook, where the paper reappeared Jan. 30, 1878, but the following April its name was changed to the Bound Brook Chronicle. The Casket was independent in all things, but took a decided stand in favor of temperance, being in 1871- 72 the organ of the Good Templars. It was first published over B. V. Pickel's store ; in April, 1870, it was removed to the building now occupied as the post-office ; in June, 1872, it occupied the structure now known as James Mallison's hardware-store, the owner having built it on purpose for a printing-office. Its success was remarkable, the paper having reached a circulation of twelve hundred and thirty-two on its third anniversary. The Leader, a weekly newspaper devoted to local news and interests, was established at Milford by John C. Rittenhouse, March 17, 1880. This is the first publication of any kind in Milford. It was started a five-column paper in size, all printed at home, but was soon enlarged to seven columns to the .page, with " patent outsides,"— that is, the first and fourth pages of the paper are furnished the publisher ready printed from some other establishment. In connection with the Leader is a job-printing office, under the same management, and located in Conine's building. The first number of The Mutual Insurance Advocate was issued April 1, 1873. It was originally proposed to make it an occasional publication, but during most of the seven years it has been published it has ap- peared as a quarterly. It was devoted to the interests of mutual insurance in general, but was published by the Beadington Farmers' and Citizens' Mutual Life Insurance Company of New Jersey. Its editor was Aaron J. Thompson, the assistant ' secretary of the company from its organization to the present time. The last number, recently issued, contained the .fol- lowing announcement : " This number of the Advo- cate makes twenty-three issues. Hereafter, other methods of advertising will be resorted to." 238 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. In 1872 were puLlislied at Glen Gardner the Moun- tain Echo and the Glen Gardner Sentinel, printed at Washington, Warren Co., N. J., hy the Touchstone and Star offices respectively. They were issued but a year or two, and then discontinued. The Philocrat is now published as a weekly newspaper. It was established in 1879 by Dr. Thomas C. Hunt, edited by Eev. William Henderson, of California, until the summer of 1880, when Dr. Henderson assumed the editorial control. Is a four-page, five-column paper, devoted to the advocacy of the temperance cause. CHAPTEE VIII. AUTHORS OF HUNTEEDOH" COTJIirTX.* Prefatory RemarkB — Sketches of Forty-seven Authors of the County, arranged Alphabetically, with List of their Publications. Purposely, a wide scope has been permitted in this chapter on authors. The design is to record what has been done by natives of this county, or those who have resided in it, in the way of influencing others through the press. Hence Legal Decisions, Lectures, Addresses, Tracts, Serials, and extended articles in Newspapers and Magazines have been included. The list has not been restricted to those who have written books. The rule of selection was to take those who were born in the county and have published whether while living in the county or elsewhere. Of those not natives of the county, the selection comprises those who have resided in the county, and some or all of whose productions appeared while residents. Editors have not been included, because their publications re- ceive mention in the chapter on the press. Probably some names are omitted that should appear. Of the forty-seven authors mentioned, twenty-one were na- tives of the county. Bailey, Rev. William. — Born Feb. 14, 1819, in Bethlehem, Albany Co., N. Y. ; graduated at Rutgers College, July, 1842 ; graduated from theological semi- inary of Reformed Church, New Brunswick, July, 1845; entered the ministry of Reformed Church at Guilderland, Albany Co., N. Y., 1845 ; remained there to 1847 ; pastor at Schodaok, N. Y., 1847-56 ; at Constantine, Mich., 1868 ; Albany Third Church, 1868 ; White House, N. J., 1868 to present. Mr. Bailey has been an active and successful pastor, fully enlisted in all Christian work. Publications. — He contributed a valuable historical article on "The White House" to a magazine pub- lished by A. V. D. Honeyman, Esq., of Somerville, in 1873. He has also written for The Christian Intelli- gencer and The Sower. BiED, Hon. John T. — (See a biographical sketch * Prepared by George S. Mott, D.D. in the chapter on the " Bench and Bar," elsewhere given.) P' Z* t- Publications.— While in Congress he made a number of able speeches which were published,— in 1869, "The Method proposed to Reconstruct Georgia;" 1870, "Against Repudiation," "The Farmer and Tariff," "In Opposition to the Third Attempt at Re- construction of Georgia," "On the Regulation of Commerce by Congress ;" 1871, " On the Enforcement of the Fourteenth Amendment," " On National Edu- cation ;" 1872, " Civil Service," " Revenue Reform," "The Tariff;" 1873, " Credit Mobilier." Blane, John, M.D.— Born in the township of North New Brunswick, Middlesex Co., July 7, 1802. (For further particulars see " History of the Medical Profession of Hunterdon County," in this work.) Publications.— T)r. Blane has devoted considerable attention to historical subjects. He has written a valuable history of the medical society of this county, which embodies about all that is known of the history of the physicians of the county from 1748 to 1872. In 1837 he made a minority report against the mo- nopoly powers of the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company. He was chairman of a committee of in- quiry, being senator that year from this county. Buchanan, James, Esq. — Born at Eingos, June 17, 1839; removed to Clinton, 1849; began study of law with Hon. J. T. Bird, 1860; 1863-64, law school of Albany University; began practice of law at Trenton, 1864; in 1875, honorary degree of A.M. conferred by Lewisburg University; in 1865 was ap- pointed reading clerk New Jersey Assembly ; member board education, Trenton, 1868-69 ; presiding judge Mercer County, 1874^79. Publications. — He is the author of several pamph- lets, — " Protection to American Ship-Building," an address before the National Board of Trade, Wash- ington, D. C, 1879; "Growth and Importance of the Baptist Denomination," an address before the New Jersey Baptist State Convention, October, 1879 ; " History of the Central Baptist Church, Trenton, N. J.;" "Our State Finances." He has contributed at different times about one hundred articles for the daily and weekly press, both secular and religious, among the most prominent of which are " Legal Status of Women in New Jersey," 1869 ; " Capital Punishment," 1878. Judge Buchanan's articles give evidence of an active and well-informed mind. His style is clear and direct. Buchanan, Rev. Joseph Chandler. — Born at Ringos, May 17, 1841 ; resided at Clinton for several years ; graduated from Madison University, New York, 1866; received A.M. 1869; ordained and installed over Baptist Church, Scotch Plains, N. J., Oct. 1, 1869 -78 ; present pastor Baptist Church, Pemberton, N. J. Publications. — He has published three sermons, — • "Thoroughly Furnished," "Home Life," and "The Great Calamity," — also four annual reports of East New Jersey Baptist Association, 1872-76, inclusive. AUTHOKS OP HUNTERDON COUNTY. 239 He has contributed nearly fifty articles to Examiner and Chronicle, Religioiis Herald, National Baptist. In 1871 lie published a "Historical Sketch of Baptist Church of Scotch Plains, N. J." He has been prom- inent as a member of various boards of benevolent, religious, and educational work of his denomination. Clyde, Ret. John C— Born Oct. 22, 1841, at White Deer Valley, near Williamsport, Pa. ; entered Lafay- ette College, Easton, in 1860 ; remained one year, and then spent a year at Belle Centre, Logan Co., Ohio, from which he had come to college. In August, 1862, he joined the Seventy-second Regiment Illi- nois Volunteers. He remained in the army until July, 1863, serving most of the time as deputy pro- vost-marshal on the Mississippi River at Columbus, Ky. He was honorably discharged, returned to La- fayette College in September, 1863, and graduated in 1866. He then entered the theological seminary at Princeton, and graduated 1869. Licensed by Second Presbytery of Philadelphia, April, 1868, he supplied the church at Tioga, Pa., four months of vacation ; 1869-70, stated supply at Chesterville, Iowa ; August, 1870, to June, 1872, supply of Presbyterian Church, Shenandoah, Pa. ; June, 1872, to July, 1879, pastor Presbyterian Churches at Frayer and Charlestown, Chester Co., Pa. ; July, 1879, pastor of Presbyterian Church, Bloomsbury ; degree of A.M. in course from Lafayette College. Publications. — The authorship of Mr. Clyde has so far been of the historical order. In 1876 he published " History of the Allen Township Presbyterian Church, and the Community which has sustained it, in what was formerly known as the 'Irish Settlement,' North- ampton Co., Pa." This is a 12mo of one hundred and ninety-eight pages. In 1879, " Genealogies, Ne- crology, and Reminiscences of the 'Irish Settlement;' or, a Record of those Scotch- Irish Presbyterian Fam- ilies who were the First Settlers in the ' Forks of Dela- ware,' now Northampton Co., Pa." This is a 12mo of four hundred and twenty pages. In 1880, "Ros- brugh, a Tale of the Revolution ; or, Life, Labors, and Death of Rev. John Rosbrugh, Pastor of Greenwich, Oxford, and Mansfield Woodhouse (Washington) Presbyterian Churches, N. J., from 1764 to 1769 ; and of Allen Township Church, Pa., from 1769 to 1777 ; Chaplain in the Continental Army ; Clerical Martyr of the Revolution ; Killed by Hessians in the Battle of Assanpink, at Trenton, New Jersey, Jan. 2, 1777. Founded upon a paper read before the New Jersey Historical Society at its meeting in Trenton, Jan. 15, 1880 ; to which is appended genealogical data of all the Rosbrughs of the connection in America.'' While in the army he contributed a series of letters to Belle- fontaine (Ohio) Republican; in 1871, a series of arti- cles on "College Secret Societies," va. Nassau Literary Magazine, Princeton; in 1872, a series on "Rotary Eldership," in Presbyterian, Philadelphia. He has also written short articles on various topics for differ- ent journals. Mr. Clyde gathers with great care and industry all accessible details which bear upon his theme, and these he weaves together with skill, pre- senting an attractive narrative. Comfort, Rev. Laweence L.— Born Nov. 5, 1822, in Orange Co., N. Y. ; graduated at Union College 1848, and at theological seminary New Brunswick 1851. Licensed in 1851, he was pastor of Reformed Church, White House, 1852-54; New Hurley, 1854- 71. Settled at Berea 1872, and at Montgomery, N. Y. 1873. He died July 21, 1879. Publications. — While pastor at White House he published a sermon on "Temperance," Dec. 18, 1853, pp. 15. Demaeest, Rev. Coenelius T. — Graduated from Columbia College 1804, and licensed 1807; was set- tled at White House 1808-13; while there was elected a trustee of Rutgers College; pastor at English Neigh- borhood from 1813-39; King Street, New York, 1851 -62. Died 1863. Publications. — He was engaged in church contro- versy, and published "A Lamentation over Rev. Solomon Froeligh, with copious historical Notes." (For further see Corwin's "Manual," p. 233.) Honeyman, John, M.D. — Born at New German- town, Feb. 22, 1798 ; graduated Medical Department University of Pennsylvania 1824; practiced at New Germantown, and died Jan. 2, 1874. SiAeJ2a-Q. jpi-b i Publications. — ^His publications were : 1. " On Tem- perance," in Temperate Reporter, 1837; 2. "History of Revival under Dr. Pohlman," in Lutheran Observer, 1840. In a memoir of him, published 1874, are let- ters, addresses, and six poems from his pen. HoNEYMAN, Petee Nevius. — Born June 12, 1840, at New Germantown, where he still resides ; gradu- ated at Allentown Seminary 1856, and became a mer- chant. Like most of the family of this name, he plies a facile pen. He is a son of the preceding. Publications. — He has contributed articles to sev- eral newspapers, besides a series in Hackettstown Gazette, 1862 ; " Plots and Counterplots," a serial ia thirty-six chapters, in Belvidere Intelligencer, 1864- 65 ; " Byron Hunter,'' serial in twenty chapters, in same, 1865 ; " The Mysterious Spectre," in twenty chapters, in same, 1865 ; also about a dozen poems. HONEYMAN, Col. Robert Raymond. — Born at New Germantown, Oct. 1, 1836 ; died June 14, 1873. He was colonel of Thirty-first New Jersey Regiment. (See Army Record of this History.) Publications. — His publications were, in " Our Home," 1873 : 1. " New Germantown : Its Local History ;". 2. " An Arkansas Tour ;" 3. His " War Journal" (posthumous). He also contributed various articles to the Hunterdon Republican about 1858. Honeyman, Rev. William Edgae. — Born July 26, 1839, at New Germantown, brother of above ; graduated at Princeton College, 1861, and at Prince- ton Theological Seminary, 1864 ; preached at Rock- away, N. J., Shenandoah, Pa., and Ashland, Pa., to November, 1870, when, health failing, he returned to 240 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. New Germaiitowii. In May, 1871, went to Wabasha, Minn., thence to Colorado and California, returning to New Jersey in 1879. Publications. — Two articles of his appear in " Our Home," 1873: 1. "Ascent of Long Peak, Col. ;" 2. " Minnesota Climate for Invalids." In newspapers a number of sermons in part or in full. He has written considerably for different journals. Hunt, Ciceeo, M.D. — Born in Ewing township, Mercer Co., N. J., 1801; died Dec. 1, 1876. (See sketch in Medical chapter, Hunterdon County, in this work.) Publications. — He took a deep interest in politics, and wrote two articles on political questions, pub- lished in Hunterdon Gazette, December, 1858, and July, 1860. His chief excellence as a writer was in his poetical compositions. He composed an ode on " The Celebration and Completion of the Erie and Hudson Canal, Oct. 20, 1825." This was written while he was assistant physician at the State's prison, N. Y. This ode was selected by the committee out of 148 competing odes. It was sung in New York City, at the celebration, and was published in the journals of that city. He also prepared a poem, which was dedicated to the young gentlemen of the Lyceum at Eingos, 1847. It expatiates on the works of Nature. It presents the causes ^vhich led our forefathers to this land, and the difficulties they encountered ; closing with the injustice done the savages, their fate, and their end. A long poem of his, entitled " America," was published in the Hunterdon Gazette, January, 1856. The theme is the organization of the American party. These poems indicate a poetic talent which, if cultivated, would have secured a good reputation to Dr. Hunt. Janeway, John Livingstone, D.D. — Born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1815 ; son of Jacob J. Jane- way, D.D., a very prominent divine in the Presby- terian Church of the last generation. John graduated at Eutgers College, 1835 ; theological seminary, New Brunswick, 1840. Pastor at Montville, N. J., 1843-50 ; at Flemington, of Presbyterian Church, 1850-69. Degree of D.D. was conferred by Lafayette College, 1866. He served as chaplain of Third New Jersey Eegiment and of the Thirty-first. Publications. — Two sermons by him have been pub- lished : 1. " On the Death of President Lincoln ;" 2. " Memorial Sermon on the Death of P. 0. Studdiford, D.D." KiEKPATEiCK, Eev. Jacob, D.D. — Born Somerset Co., N. J., Aug. 8, 1785 ; graduated Princeton Col- lege, 1804; studied law under George C. Maxwell, Esq., Flemington, but at the end of three years began tlie preparation for the gospel ministry with John Woodhull, D.D., of Freehold, N. J. ; licensed to preach Aug. 8, 1809 ; stated supply of Eingos and Mount Airy Churches, 1810-15 ; pastor 1815 to death. May 2, 1866. (For sketch of his life see " Kirk- patrick Memorial," published in Philadelphia, 1867.) Publication. — His only publication is "Half-Cen- tury Sermon." Laege, Geoege H. — Born Dec. 1, 1850, at White House Station; graduated Eutgers* College, 1872; admitted to bar of New Jersey, 1875, having studied under J. N. Voorhees, Esq., Flemington. Publications. — "The Imagination, its Nature, Uses, and Abuses," in " Our Home ;" editor of Targum, a college paper; essays on "Literary Eevivals" and on " Character of George Washington," for which college prizes were obtained. Laeison, Eev. Geoege Holcombe, M.D. — Born Jan. 4, 1831, in Delaware township. (See Medical chapter in this work, for a biographical notice.) Publications. — " Annual Address before the ■Medical Society of New Jersey, May 25, 1875." This gives evidence of an acquaintance with the classics and with the history of medicine most creditable to the author ; also an essay, " Diseases Prevalent in the Valley of the Delaware." Lloyd, Eev. Aaeon. — Born Erie Co., Pa., July 27, 1817 ; graduated at Eutgers College, 1842 ; at New Brunswick Theological Seminary, 1845; settled at Gorham, 1846-47 ; over Presbyterian Church, Phelps, 1848-50; Livingston, N. Y., 1851-53; missionary at Hudson, N. J., 1853-55 ; pastor at White House, 1855-56 ; Pekin, 1857-60. Publications. — "Scripture Ofl[ice of the Deacon," 1850 ; " Sermon before the City Missionary Society," 1853. Macbeth, Peof. James Walkee. — Born at Dal- rymple, Ayrshire, Scotland, 1814. He was graduated at the University of Glasgow, receiving the prize for the Greek poem; from this college he received the degree of A.M. He studied divinity at the same uni- versity, and entered the ministry of the Presbyterian Church. About 1852 he came to this country and de- voted himself to teaching. From 1855 to 1861 he was pi'incipal of a classical school at Hudson, N. Y., then at Hempstead, L. I., and in several other places. He took charge of the high school, Flemington, 1873, and remained until 1875, when he was elected professor of history, belles-lettres, and political economy in the University of West Virginia. Professor Macbeth died July 6, 1879, in the ripeness of his intellect. Publications. — While at Flemington he published his work on "Might and Mirth of Literature," which at once attracted the attention of scholars ; it quickly passed to the third edition. The book is a marvel of toil, learning, and discrimination in selecting the finest gems of the world's literature. It is the most able and scholarly work ever published by any author in this county. It is the fruit of years of reading and thought. The book is a 12mo. Prof. Mac- beth's exuberant imagination, high culture, and great attainments were also exhibited in two works in manuscript completed just before his death, — one a theological poem, the other a Scotch novel entitled " Bonnie Dalrymple." In addition to these, he pub- AUTHORS OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 241 lished several essays on educational and religious top- ics, among which is "Theology for the Million," a liamphlet, also a series of articles on " English Phi- lology." Maxwell, Heney Dusenbuey. — Born in Flem- ington, Dec. 5, 1812 ; studied law with Nathaniel Sax- ton, Esq. ; licensed as attorney, 1834 ; opened an office in Easton, Pa. ; in 1850 went as consul to Trieste, Austria ; presiding judge of Northampton Co., Pa., 1856-62 ; died Oct. 3, 1874. (For further see chapter on " Bench and Bar.") Publications. — 1. A series of letters from Greece, 1850, in Easton Wliig ; 2. " Charge to Grand Jury," 1856; 3. Various political speeches during war of the Rebellion. Melick, Miss Annie E. — Born at Germantown, Hunterdon Co., N. J. Publications. — She wrote nine poems of decided merit, also two prose articles in " Our Home," under nom de plume of "M. A.," — "The Commonplace," " About Nutting." McNaie, Rev. John. — Born in Pennsylvania, 1805 ; graduated at Jefferson College, 1828 ; studied theology about two years in Princeton Seminary, and was ordained as an evangelist by the Presbytery of Erie, Nov. 7, 1833. His several fields of labor were Warren, Pa., Philadelphia, Yinceunes, Iowa, Milford, N. J., Stroudsburg, Pa. He was settled at Clinton, 1851-64. While at Clinton he was chaplain of a nine months' regiment. He received the degree of D.D. from Lafayette College. He died January 27, 1867. Publication. — The only one, so far as known, is a book of poems. ^^'^W^ ^r.^^^S rv^^^^sV^f MoTT, Rev. Geokge S., D.D. —Born Nov. 25, 1829, in the city of New York ; pastor at Flemington, 1869 to present; degree of D.D. conferred by Prince- ton College, 1874. (See his biography in Chapter X., History of Hunterdon County, on subsequent pages.) Publications.— Bo6k%: "The Prodigal Son," 1863, Presbyterian Board of Publication ; " The Resurrec- tion of the Dead," 1866, A. D. F. Randolph; "The Perfect Law," 1868, American Tract Society. Ar- ticles : In Presbyterian Magazine, 1857, " David and Goliath." In Princeton Review, 1863, " Paul's Thorn in the Flesh;" 1871, "Retribution;" 1872, "Anni- nihilatiou;" 1873, "The Sunday-school, its Past and Present." In " Our Home," 1873, " Capital Punish- ment." Religious Tracts: "Holding on to Christ," of which two hundred and fifty thousand copies have been printed, published by American Tract Society ; and the following by Presbyterian Board of Publica- tion : " Gaming and Gambling ;" " There is no Pass- ing;" "Eating and Drinking Unworthily," referring to the Lord's Supper; "Nurse them at Home." Miscellaneous : In 1864, " A Discourse at the Funeral of Capt. George V. Griggs," by request of Co. K (" Harris Light"), Second New York Cavalry ; in 1865, "Seven Weeks of Prayer," Newton, N. J.; 1873, Opening Address at the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of Somerset County Sunday-school Association ; in 1875, " Sermon before the Hunterdon County Bible Society ;" in 1876, " History of Presbyterian Church, Flemington, N. J.;" in 1878, "The First Century of Hunterdon County," both in pamphlet; in 1876, ar- ticles on the Sunday-school lesson for the first quarter of the year, published in Somerset Gazette. In addi- tion to these, many articles in different newspapers, both secular and religious. MoTT, Laweenc;e S. — Born March 9, 1856, in Rah- way, N. J. ; son of above ; graduated at Princeton College, 1877 ; studied law in the offices of John T. Bird, Esq., Flemington, and John Emery, Esq., New- ark ; took one year's course in Columbia Law School, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey, June, 1880. Publications. — In 1871 he started the "Young American Monthly,'' a boys' amateur journal, which attained a circulation of five hundred copies in 1873, when it was discontinued on account of his entrance into college. During that period he wrote most of the articles for his paper, and contributed about fifty stories and sketches to other boys' papers. At Prince- ton he contributed several articles for the college magazines. While studying law several articles were published in Flowers' Magazine, of Somerville, and and many sketches and articles on various topics in the Hunterdon Republican, Somerset Gazette, Herald, Sun, and Times of New York, the Times, Record, and Evening News of Philadelphia. Early in 1879 he be- came the regular correspondent of New York Times for the central counties of New Jersey, and so re- mained until his connection with the regular staff of the Philadelphia Times, September, 1880. Noll, Arthur Buetis. — Born in New York City, Oct. 16, 1814. He has been a school-teacher since 1837, — in New Germantown, this county, from 1846 -53, again from 1868-76. He had charge of a depart- ment of the Family Casket, and wrote all relating to education and schools, from 1868-79. Opdyke, George. — Born in Kingwood township, Hunterdon Co., in 1805. He began life on a farm, and there remained until his sixteenth year, when hebegan teaching a district school. Believing that the West afforded the best chance for a young man, he opened a clothing-store in Cleveland, Ohio. A better open- ing soon presented itself in New Orleans, and he was in the clothing trade there for several years. In 1832 he transferred his business to New York City. About 1850 he began the importation of dry-goods, and con- tinued in that business until 1 867. In the early part of 1867 he withdrew from the dry-goods business, and in the following year established the banking-house of George Opdyke & Co. In 1858 he was elected to the Legislature of New York, in 1861 mayor of New York City, and was in office at the time of the draft riots of July, 1863, the suppression of which was 242 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. largely due to his prompt and decisive action. He died June 12, 1880. Publications. — In 1852 a wort on political economy. Finance was a study of peculiar interest to him. This excellent treatise has not received the attention it truly deserves, partly from the fact that the house which published it (Putnam) retired from active busi- ness soon after the issue of the first edition. He was a frequent contributor to the press from 1860-76 on political and financial questions. His reports to the New York Chamber of Commerce were regularly pub- lished. His messages as mayor of New York, 1862;- 63, were published by Hurd & Houghton in 1866. Ogden, Isaac, M.D. — Graduated from Princeton College in 1784, and established himself as a physi- cian at Six-Mile Run. Subsequently he removed to White House, and a few years later (1809) to New Germantown, and in 1826 he went to New Bruns- wick. Publications. — For several years he published an almanac, in which he presented prognostications of the weather, generally in rhyme. At the time it had a very extensive circulation. Olmstead, James Munson, D.D. — Born in Still- water, N. Y., Feb. 17, 1794; graduated from Union College, 1819, and from theological seminary, Prince- ton, 1822; pastor of Presbyterian Churches, Landis- burg and Centre, Pa., 1825-32; Middle Tuscarora, 1834^-37 ; Flemington, 1837-49. In 1854 he removed to Philadelphia, where he died Oct. 16, 1870. Publications. — " Thoughts and Counsels for the Im- penitent," 1846, a popular work which reached third edition ; " Our First Mother," written ip the form of letters from a pious and intelligent mother to her daughters and nieces ; " Noah and His. Times," 1854, which was received with very great commendation ; " The Voice of God," a sermon preached at Fleming- ton on occasion of national fast, Friday, May 14, 1841. His works give evidence of study and ability. His style was direct, and often pungent. Porter, Edmund, M.D. — Born Haddam, Conn., June 18, 1791. After various sojourns in different places, he established himself in Frenchtown, 1820, where he practiced until his death, July 12, 1826. Publications. — He contributed largely to the medical journals and newspaper press on political, medical, and miscellaneous topics. They are found in the New York Medical Repository, American Medical Recorder, New England Journal of Medicine, also in the Trenton True American, The Spirit of Pennsylvania, The East- ern Sentinel. (For an interesting sketch of his eccen- tricities see " Biographical Encyclopaedia of New Jersey.") Eacb, Henry, M.D. — Born in Franklin township, this county, Feb. 23, 1814. (See biographical sketch in the chapter upon the " Medical Profession of Hun- terdon County.") Publications. — During the summer of 1851 he pub- lished -a series of articles : " Stray Leaves from the Note-Book of a Eeturned Californian;" 1854r-55 he wrote many of the leading editorials for The Re- former, a temperance paper then published at Tren- ton. After the rejDeal of the Missouri Compromise he wrote a series of political articles for the Lambert- ville Beacon, under the nom de plume of " No Dough- face." He also wrote elaborate articles in the inter- est of the " Free Soil" movement for the Hunterdon Gazette and the Belvidere Apollo. He was the prime mover in the establishment of the Hunterdon Repub- lican, for which he wrote many of the editorials that appeared for the first two years. He has been a fre- quent contributor since, as also to other papers. KusHTON", Key. William Otis. — Born New York City, Dec. 6, 1852 ; graduated from the College of the City of New York, 1872, and from Union Theological Seminary, 1875 ; settled over Presbyterian Church at Fairmount, N. J., 1875-77 ; West Union, Iowa, 1877 to present time. Publications. — In 1876 he published " History of Presbyterian Church, Fairmount;" besides this two other sermons in newspapers : 1. " Eeign of the Lord : A Thanksgiving Sermon, Nov. 29, 1877;" 2. "The Breach of Uzzah," Aug. 29, 1880. He has also writ- ten for the local press. Scott, Rev. James. — Born Scotland, 1809 ; grad- uated at Universities of Glasgow and Belfast; settled over Presbyterian Churches of German Valley and Fox Hill, 1834r43 ; Newark First Reformed Church, 1843 to death, in 1868. Publications. — " Life of Rev. Robert Pollock," 12mo, pp. 364, New York, 1848. An epic poem. On this he had long been engaged. It had but recently been finished when he died. He left directions for its publication. Shurts, Rev. Jacob Vandeveer. — Born Flem- ington, N. J., Oct. 15, 1849 ; graduated at Wyoming Seminary, 1874, and Bangor Theological Seminary, 1877 ; settled over Presbyterian Church, Chaumont, N. Y., 1877. Publications. — In 1875 he prepared " Daily Thoughts," being selections fi:om sermons and wri- tings of Rev. T. De Witt Talmage, D.D., published by Dodd & Mead, — an admirably-conceived and well- edited book. He has contributed to Watertown Times, Dispatch, Family Casket, Church at Work. Strobel, Rev. Philip Arthur.— Born Sept. 16, 1812, Charleston, S. C. ; graduated at Lutheran Theological Seminary of South Carolina ; pastor of Spruce Run Lutheran Church, June, 1860, to Decem- ber, 1864. Publications. — " History of the Saltzburgur," a col- ony of German Lutheran Protestants who settled at Ebenezer, Ga., 1754. Published in 1854, by T. N. Kurtz, of Baltimore, Md., 350 pp. Pamphlets : " On the Adaptation of Lands in Southwest Georgia to the Raising of Cereals," Savannah, 1849 ; series of ar- ticles to prove the genuineness of the Blue Laws of Connecticut, 1849. Sermons: "Value of the Soul," AUTHOKS OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 243 Columbus, S. C, 1842; "Thanksgiving Sermon," in Lockport, N. Y., 1859 ; " Thanksgiving Sermon," Danville, N. Y., 1877. Three articles for Dr. Sprague's " Lutheran Ministers in the United States," 1858, besides various reports and articles in Lutheran Ob- server, Kaleigh Christian Advocate, Charleston Obser- ver. In press now, " Jubilee Memorial Volume of Hartwick, Lutheran Synod of New York," Lutheran Publication House of Philadelphia. Studdifoed, Rev. Peteb. — Born in New York City, 1763 ; graduated at Columbia College, 1786 ; studied theology with Dr. John Livingstone ; pastor at Keadington and Bedminster, 1787-1800 ; Reading- ton, 1800-26 ; appointed professor of Hebrew, 1812. Died Nov. 30, 1826.* Publications. — " Funeral Sermon of Jacob R. Har- denbergh, D.D.," 1790; "Justification, with some of its Precious Fruits," sermon in New Jersey Preacher, 1813. Stttddifoed, Peter Ogilvie, D.D. — Born Jan. 11, 1799, at Readington, N. J.; died June 5, 1866.t Publications. — Although a ripe scholar and able preacher, his publications were simply a Fourth-of- July oration before his old friends at Readington, N. J., 1845, and his sermon at the death of his lifelong friend. Dr. Kirkpatrick, which was published after his death. Studdiford, Peter Augustus, D.D. — Born in Lambertville, Hunterdon Co. ; son of the above. He graduated from Princeton, 1849, and from the theo- logical seminary, 1855. Degree of D.D. was con- ferred by Princeton College, 1874.t Ptt6&aiioras.—" Thanksgiving Sermon," at Belle- ville, N. J., 1862; "Historical Discourse at Semi- centennial Anniversary of Hunterdon County Bible Society," Aug. 21, 1866 ; " Historical Discourse at the Semi-Centennial Anniversary of the Presbyterian Church, Lambertville," Sept. 22, 1872; sermon preached at the dedication of Thompson Memorial Church, October, 1874. Stewart, Charles Samuel, D.D. —Born Flem- ington, 1795; graduated at Princeton College, 1815. Among his classmates were Dr. Charles Hodge, Bishop Mcllvaine, and Alexander Wurts, Esq. Graduated from Princeton Seminary, 1818, then studied law at Litchfield, Conn.; went as missionary to the Sandwich Islands, 1823; health of his wife failing, he returned, 1826 ; entered the navy as chap- lain, 1828. At the time of his death, Dec. 15, 1870, he was the senior chaplain of the navy. His last cruise ended in 1862. The next year he received the degree of D.D. from New York University. Publications. — 1. " Residence at the Sandwich Islands," one volume, 1828. This passed through six American editions, and was republished in Lon- don, Edinburgh, and Dublin, being recognized as a * A further biography may be Been ia Chapter X., on following pages of this work, f See sketch with history of Lambertville. standard authority on the early history of that mission, 2. "A Visit to the South Seas," two volumes, 1831. This was reprinted in London, edited by Rev. William Ellis, missionary to Polynesia, and afterwards to Mad- agascar. 3. " Sketches of Society in Great Britain and Ireland," two volumes, 1834. 4. " Brazil and La Plata," 1856. He left many manuscripts, and, had his life and health been spared, they would have baen published. He was for many years a correspondent of the New York Observer. SwAiM, Thomas, D.D.— Born March 30, 1817, at Pemberton, N. J. ; graduated at Madison University and Theological Seminary, 1846 ; settled at Washing- ton, 1846-50 ; Baptist Church, Flemington, 1851-67 ; Philadelphia, 1857-80; degree of D.D. conferred 1864 by Lewisburg University, Pa. Publications. — Sermon commemorative of Rev. Clarence W. Mulford, preached at Flemington, July 10, 1864; "A Discourse on Abraham Lincoln," 1865; and other discourses in pamphlet form. Besides these, he has contributed several hundred articles to various newspapers of the Baptist denomination, — New York Examiner ; Watchman, Boston ; National Baptist, Philadelphia ; Religious Herald, Richmond. Thompson, John Bodine, D.D. — Born Oct. 4, 1830, near Pleasant Run, Readington township, Hunterdon Co., N. J. ; graduated at Rutgers College, 1851 ; taught from 1851-67; graduated.from theological seminary. New Brunswick,~1858 ; settled at Metuchen Reformed Church, 1859-66; Tarrytown, 1866-69; Saugerties, 1869-71; Free Church, Italy, 1871-73; Peekskill, 1873-74; Catskill, 1874 to present; D.D. by Rutgers College, 1870. Publications.— " Church Manual," 1867; "Hymns of the Church," 1869 ; " Hymns of Prayer and Praise," 1870; "Christian Praise," 1870; "Christian Praise for Baptist Churches," 1870 ; " Christian Praise" enlarged, 1880. Sermons : " Signs of Promise," during the war ; "Development: A Thanksgiving Sermon," 1868; "In Memoriam Goodwin Ensign," 1876 ; " The Centennial Exposition," 1876 ; " The Immovable Attachment of the Reformed Church of America to its own Faith and Order," 1876 ; "The Christology of St. John," 1877 ; "The Doubter" (a Tract), 1878. He has edited "Teachers' Column" in Somerset FZiijr, 1852; "Good News," a religious monthly, 1868 ; " Christian at Work in Italy," 1872. He has published many arti- cles in different papers; the most important are " Letters of Travel," in New York Times, signed " H. H.," 1851; "Heart Fancies," in the Carpet-Bag, Boston, 1851-52; "The Abrahamic Covenant," "The Life of Trust," "Our Country," in Berg's Evangelical Quarterly, 1860-61 ; " My Religion," in the Bound Table, 1868; "My Life," etc., in Good News, 1868; " Letters of Basilius," 1871 ; " The Dominie's Letters," in Christian Intelligencer, 1878-79 ; " Liturgical Arti- cles," 1871; articles on "The History of the Churches of the Reformation," 1875; "Catechisms," 1879, " Fatherhood of God," 1880, in The Sower ; lessons on 244 HUNTERDON OOUNTY', NEW JKltSEY. the Gospels, in Sunday-School Times, 1870. Besides this, Dr. Thompson h;is written for a kirge number of papers, both secular and religious. Van Dyke, Rev. Joseph Smith. — ^Born Nov. 2, 1832, at Bound Brook, N. J. ; graduated from Prince- ton College, 18r>7, and theological seminary, 18G1 ; tutor in college during seminary course ; settled over Presbyterian Church, Bloomsliury, 1861-00 ; Cran- berry, 1809 to tlip present. Publications. — " Pojiery the Foe of the Church and ■of the Kepublio," published by Zicgler & Mc(.Iurdy, Philadelphia. This is a valuable work, evincing re- search and setting foi'th in clear and pungent sentences the view of popery as stated in the title. It is highly recommended and has reached the very large sale of ten thousand copies, — an unusual number for a work of that character. Sermons : " Elements and Evidences of National Decay;" "The Scriptural Mode of evidencing Piety;" "Hard Times" (six sermons); " Justice and Judgment;" "God's Great- ness;" "A Word to the Weary;" a tract on "Legal Prohibition of the Liquor Traffic: Address to the Peo- ple of New Jersey," an appeal on temperance; "Criti- cism of Stone's 'Livitation Pleeded : Jieiisons for Return to Catholic Unity,'" in "Our Monthly," 1872. In addition, he has written numerous articles for Presbyterian Baniirr, Presbyter inn. Standard, Presby- terian Journal, The Presbyterian, New York Observer, New Jersey Oood Templar. Mr. Van Dyke lias two books nearly ready for the press, — one on sacred biography ; the other on the origin, antiquity, and primitive condition of man. Van Fleet, Abraham V., LL.D.— Born Jan. 6, 1831, in Hillsborough township, Somerset Co.; ad- mitted to the bar in November, 18S2; ))egan practice in Flemington, December, 18G2 ; appointed vice- chancellor, May, 1875 ; degree of LL.D. conferred by Lafayette College, 1880. (For further sketch, see chapter on "Bench and Bar.") Publications. — His written opinions will be found in reports of Chancery, commencing with 11 C. E. Green. Such legal opinions are entitled to be called literary work as much as are any products of the pen. They require more research and mental application than a great deal of the current literature. Van Liew, Rev. John, D.D.— Born near Ne- shanic, N. J., Sept. 30, 1798 ; graduated from Rutgers College, 1816 ; from theological seminary. New Bruns- wick, 1820; settled Meadville, Pa., 1820-23; Mend- ham, N. J., 1824-2.'), — both Presbyterian ; over Read- ington Reformed Church, 1826 to his death, Oct. 18, 1869 ; degree of D.D. conferred by Rutgers College, 1867. (For further see Corwin's " Manual of Re- formed Church.") Publications. — " Testimonial to Rev. Peter 0. Stud- diford, D.D.," 1866; "Discourse at Dedication of Reformed Church, Readington," 1865. Van Syckel, Bennet, LL.D. — Born in Union township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., April 17, 1830. (See chajjtcr on the Bench and Bar of this county, ante- cedent.) Publinitiniis. — llis opinions in the Supreme Court and in the Court of Errors will be found in New .Jersey Law Re.i)Orts, c()mmcncing with fourth of Vroom, and in the Chancery Reports, commencing with sixth of ('. E. Green. Among the earlier opin- ions arc those in the Vanderveer will case, reported in sixtli C. E. Green, T)!!!, and in the celebrated case of Black versus Tlie Delaware and Raritnn Canal Com- pany, reported in ninth C. E. Green, 455. Vassar, Rev. Thoma.s Edwin. — Bom Pough- keepsie, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1834 ; previous to entering the ministry practiced dentistry; studied Ihcology under Rufus I'abi'ock, D.D., and was licensed as a Bajitist minister, 1856; ])astor of Bajitist Church of Amcuia, 1857-65; Lynn, Mass., lH(i5-72; Flemington, N. J., 1872-80, when he became pastor of South Baptist Church, Newark. For onv year, 1862-63, lie served as chaplain of the One Hundred and Fiftietli Ivegi- ment New Yurk Volunteers. (For further see " Bio- graphii"il Encyclopiedia of Now Jersey.") Publications. — "Uncle John Vassar," American Tract Society, 1879. This is a biograjihy of the de- voted coljiorleur and missionary John Vassar, whose name is in all the churches. The life and labors are portrayed in a graphic style ^Yell calculated to arouse the ardor and consecration of the reader. Twelve thousand cojiies have been circulated in this county. The book has been rejirintcd in London. Sermons: "The Hidden Life," " Ebenezer Jubilee Memories," "It is the Lord," "The Pillar and (irouiul of the Truth," " Parting Words," " Three-Fourths of a Cen- tury Reviewed," "The Soldier's Dui's and Duties," "The Threefold Cord," "The Beloved Physician," "Woman's Wrongs, and the Way to Right them." Addresses: " Farewell Counsels to Fellow-Soldiers,'' " A Symmetrical Character," " The Natir. Samuel Lilly (died April 3, ISSO, aged sixty-five ; 1808-74. John T. Bird. INSPECTORS OF CUSTOMS. NEW YORK. lSoT-62, John P. Rittenhouse ; 18S9, Pavid Yan Fleet. FOREIGN CONSULS. 1830, Cbas. D. Cox, at Tripoli (died December, 1830) ; 1861. Santuel Lilly, consul-general to CtUcutta, British India. UNITED STATES DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. Kichard Stockton, Garret D. Wall. CONVENTION OF 17S7. John Stevens, Hon. D.ivid Biearlev, Joshua Corshon. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. 1805-9, John Lambert; 1811-13, George C. Maxwell; 1S33-37, 1839^1, Philemon Dickinson ; 1844-45, Isaac G. Failee ; 1846-47, John Bunk ; 1864-55, Samuel Lilly. DELEGATES TO CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 1776-77, John Hart; 1783-84, John Stevens. MEMBERS OF LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. 1776-80, John Stevens (vice-president) ; 1781-83, Joseph Beading; 1784, Philemon Dickinson (vice-president) ; 17S5-S8, Robert Lettis Hooper (vice-president) ; 1789-90, Benjannn Yan Cleve ; 1791-1805, John Lambert; 1800-7, John Wilson; 1808-14, John Hans; lSlS-16, George Anderson; 1817-21, Elnatlian Stevenson; 1822-23, John Cavanagh; 1824-2G, Klnathan Stevenson; 1827-29, George Max- well; 1830, Thomas Capner; 1831-32, Peter I. Clark; 183:'., Alexander Wurts ; 1834, Natlianiel Saxtou ; 1835, "William Wilson; 1836, Henry S. Hunt ; 1837-38, Joseph Moore ; 1839, James Snyder; 1840-41, John Lilly, M.D. ; 1842-43, William Wilson. STATE SENATORS. If 1845-46, Alexander W\irts; 1847-49, Isaac G. Farlee; 1850-52, John Manners, M.D. : 1853-65, Alexander Y. Bonnell ; 1856-68, Col. John C. Bafferty; 1859-61, Edmund Perry; 1862-64, John Blane, M.D.; 1866-67, Alexander Wurts; 1808-70, Joseph G. Bowue; 1871-73, | David H. Banghart ; 1874-76, Frederic A. Potts ; 1877-79, James K. Pidcock; 1880-82, Eli Boseubury. \ MEMBERS OP ASSEMBLY. The following is a list of the members of the colo- nial Assembly since the surrender of the government * Attorney-general, United States senator. Governor, etc. ; died June 26, 1S42, aged fifty-five. t County clerk, judge, member of Assembly and Senate ; died Jan. 12, 1865. I Sheriff and member of Assembly ; died Jan. 29, 1830, aged fifty-six. g Sheriff and member of Congress ; died Sept. 22, 1872, aged eighty- two. B Judge, surrogate, and member of Assembly. If Prior to the adoption of the constitution of 1844 this officer was known as " member of the Council," the title being changed in the year above named to " member of the Senate." Since tliat date the Legisla- ture has embraced two houses, called the "Senate" (composed of one senator from each county, elected for a term of three years), and the " General Assembly," composed of members annually elected, and appor- tioned among the counties, " as nearly as may be, according to the num- ber of their inhabitants," bv the proprietors in 1702. Until ITiT the names are those of the members of " West New Jersey," Hun- terdon not yet erected. 1703 (1st .\BsemWyi, Poter Tretwoll, Thomas Ganluer, Thomas Lamlwrt, William Biddle, William SteN i uson. lieslore Lippincott, John Eoyoe. John Hugg, Jr., Joseph Cooper, William Hall, John Jlasou, John Smith; 1704 ^2u .\sseuiM.\ '. Kestoiv Lippiucott, John llugg, Jr., John Koyco, John Smith, William Hall, John 51ason, Thomas Bryan, RobertWheeler, Peter Tretwoll (Spe:ikorl,Thomi\s Lambert, Thomas Gardner. Joshua Wright ; 17U7 ^Sd Assembly), Peter CaKhou, Wil- liam Hall, of Salem, Kicluud Johnson, John Thompson, Thomas Bryan, Samuel Jennings, Thomas Ganlnor, John Eoyoe, Poter Pawle; 1708-9 ^4th .\sseniMy), Thomas Ganluer, Thomas Rapier, Hugh Sharp, Nathaniel Crips. Johu Royce, John Kaign, Kichard Johnson, Nathaniel IlreaJing, Hugh Middleton, John Lewis, Eldridge; 1727-:50 (9th and 10th Assomblies«l. John PorterfleUI, Joseph Sto\it ; 1738 (11th Assembly), Beiyaniiu Smith, Johu EmWy ; 1740 (12th Assemhlyl, Benjamin Smith, Joseph Peace; 174;' tl3th Assomblyl, William Mott, A ndren Smith ; 1744-45 ^14th and 15th As- semblies). William Mott. Daniel Doughty ; 174ti-51 06th to 18th As- semblies), William 5Iott. John KulMy ; 17.M (19th Assembly), .Rweph Yard, Peter Middali ; 1761 i20th A.*,-embly), George Beading, John Hart; 1769 (21st .\ssenibly\ John Hart, Samuel Tucker; 1772-75 (22d Assembly), Samuel Tucker, John Mehelra. STATE LEGISLATURE. 1770-77 (1st and 2d .\6semblies), .John H.art, John Moliolm, Chailos Coxe ; 1778 (3d .Assembly), John Hart, Nehemiah Dunham, David Cluuilbors ; 1779 ^4th .\sson\My), Benjannn Yan Clevo, Jared So\ton» "William Gano; 1780 l5th AssoniMy), Bon.ialniu Yan Cleve, Jared Sexton, John Lanibeit ; 1781 (6th Assembly), John Moholm, speaker, Benjaurin Yan Clove, John Lambert; 1782 t7th As^touil'ly), John Liunbert, Samuel Tucker, Noheniiah Dunham; 178:'.-84 l^Sth and Dth .\ssomblies), John Lambert, Samuel Tucker, Beiyamiu Yan Clove; 1785 (10th As.sombly\ P'onjamin Yan Cleve, John LiUnbort, Joab Houghton; 178(V-87 (11th and 12th Assemblies^ Boigamin Van Cleve. Joab Houghton, John .Anderson : 1788 (13th -\ssomL'ly\ Benjamin "\'an Cleve, John Lambert, Bobert Taylor; 17S9-90 Il4th and 15th Assemblies). .Tohn .Xndereon, Joshua Carshon, Charles Ax- ford; 1791 (I6th .VssoniMyl, Thouurs Lowrey, Benjamin Van Cleve, .\arou D. Woodrufl": 1792 (17 1 h -Assembly), Thomas Ltiwrey, Benjauiiu Yan Cleve, Johu Taylor; 1793 (18th Assemblyl, Simon WyckofT, Ben- jamin Van Cleve, Samuel Stout; 1794(19th .\ssembly), Simon "Wyok- off, Johu .Vndersou, David Fmzer; 1795 (20th Assembly), Simon Wyckoff, Benjamin Yan Clove. Diuid Frazor; 1790 (21st Assembly), Simon Wyckofl", P.enjamin Yan Clevo, Stephen Burrows ; 1797 (22d Assembly), Simon Wyckofl", Benjamin Van f^leve, Stephen Burivws, Samuel Stewart ; 1708 (2:vd A^^eulbly), Benj.amin Yan Clove, Simon "S^"\ oUofl". Joseph Bea\ oi-s, Joseph Hankinsou ; 1799 ("24th -Vssembly), Joseph Hankinsou, Stephen Burrows, Johu Haas, Johu Lequear; ISOO (25th ,^.^sonlM\\ Stoplioii Burrows, .lohn Haas, Simon Wyckofl, Benjamin Yan Clove, MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY FROM HUNTERDON COUNTY (l.'^iOO TO ISlIT). lSOO-5, Stephen Burrows, John Haas. Simon Wyokotl, Beiyamiu Yan Cleve; lSOC-7, Nathan Stout, John Haas, Joshua Wright, Joseph Haid;iusou ; 180S-9, Moses Stout, Aaron \an Syokel, Joshua Wright, Joseph Haukiusou; 1810, Moses Stout, Aavon Yan Sxokol, James J. "VN'ilson, Ehiathan Stevenson ; 1811, Closes Stout, .Varon Yan Syokel. James J. Wilson, .Tohn Prall, Jr.; 1812. William Potts, Aaron Van Syckol, James J, Wilson, .Benjamin Wiight; 1813. William Potts, -Aaron Van Syokel, David Manners, Beiyamiu Wiight; 1814, John Opdycke, Aaron Yan Syokel, Edward Yaid, Samuel Baibor; 181,-.. John Opdycke, Samuel L, Southard, Aaron D, Woodrufl", Sauniol Barber; 1817, Abraham Stout, William Nixon, John Farlee, Saninol Barber; 181S, Abraham Stout, William Nixou, John Farlee, Elnathan Stevenson; 1819, Abraham Stout, Isaac G. Farlee, George Maxwell, Israel Taylor; 1820, Eoliert JUNeoley, Thomas Trail, ,Tr,, George Maxwell, Israel Taylor; 1821, Thomas Capnor, Isaac G, Farlee, Geo, Maxwell, Israel Taylor; 1S22, Levi Knowles, Garret D, "Wall, George Maxwell, James J. Wilson; 1S24, Enoch Clifford, Asa C, Dunham. Aloxnmlor Wni l.s, David Johnson ; 182,^., Enoch ClilTonl, Asa C. Dun- ** Hunteidon County first appears in the 9th .\ss ssomblv, 1727 CIVIL LIST OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 257 liam, Thomas Capner, David Johnson; 1820, Enoch Clifford, Asa C. Dunham, Thomas Capner, John Barton. MEMBERS OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY (1827 TO 1880). 1827, Enoch Clifford, A. C. Dunham, Thomas Capner, John Barton ; 1828, Enoch Cliiford, Garret D. Wall, I. G. Earlee, Thomas Capner; 1829, Enoch Clifford, Alexander Wurts, I. G. Earlee, Stacy G. Potts; 1830, Enoch Clifford, Gabriel Hoff,* Alexander Wurts, I. G. Parlee, Stacy G. Potts ; 1831, Edward S. Mcllvaine, Alexander Wurts, Enoch Clif- ford, William Marshall, John Barton ; 1832, Edward S. Mcllvaine, Alexander Wurts, Enoch Clifford, Wm. Marshall, Cornelius Ludlow ; 1833, Edward S. Mcllvaine, John K. Kline, Sutphen Garrison, Wil- liam H. Sloan, Andrew Weart; 1834, William McKee, John K. Kline, Sutphen Garrison, William H. Sloan, William Marshall ; 1835, John Hall, John Blane, Wilson Bray, Joseph Brown, William Marshall; 1836, John Hall, John Blane, Wilson Bray, Joseph Brown, Andrew Larason ; 1837, John Hall, James A. Phillips, David Neighbour, Jonatlian Pickel, John H. Hutfman; 1838, James Snyder, Philip Hiler, David Neighbour ; 1839-40, Garret Servis, Joseph Exton, Philip Hiler; 1841-42, John B. Mattison, Isaac R. Srope, Leonard N. Momer- felt, Jonathan Dawes ; 1843-44,f Jonathan Picke!, John Swackham- mer, John H. Case, Joseph Johnson; 1845, Jonathan Pickel, John Swackbammer, John H. Case, Amos Moore; 1846, Henry Stevenson, Isaac R. Srope, Joseph Fritts, Erederick Apgar; 1847, John Lambert, .Toseph Fritts, Frederick Apgar, Isaac R. Srope ; 1848, Andrew Bang- hart, David Yanfieet, Jonathan Pickel, John Lambert; 1849, John Lambert, Andrew Banghart, David Yanfieet, Jonathan Pickel ; 1850 -51, Luther Opdycke, John R. Toung, John Marlow, William Tirs- man; 1852, John R. Young, Andrew Vanayckel, Peter H. Allen, Hiram Bennett; 1853, Samuel H. Britton, Peter H. Allen, Andrew Yansyckel, John Lambert ; 1864, Samuel H. Britton, Peter B. Voor- hees, Lewis Toung, John Lambert; 1855, Lewis Young, Peter E. Yoorhees, Edward Hunt, Jacob S. C. Pittenger; 1856-67, John P. Rlttenhouse, William Sergeant, John M. Yoorhees, Joseph W. Wil- liver; 1858-59, John H. Horn, %\'illiam Snyder, Cornelius B, Sheets, Frederick Apgar ; 1860, David D. Schomp, Ambrose Barcroft, Charles Denson, Thomas Banghart; 18G1, David D. Schomp, Ambrose Bar- croft, Charles Denson, Jacob H. Huffman ; 1862, Simeon R. Huselton, Joseph W. Wood, Jacob H. Huffman; 1863, Simeon R. Huselton, Joseph W. Wood, David H. Banghart ; 1864, Joseph W. Wood, David B. Boss, David H. Banghart; 1865, James J. Willever, David B. Boss, William J. Gliff; 1866, William J. GlifT, James J. Y^illever, Richard H. Wilson ; 1867, Richard H. Wilson, Baltes Pickel, William J. Gliff; 1868, Baltes Pickel, John Williamson, Theodore Probasco; 1869, Theodore Probasco, John Williamson, John P. Lair ; 1870, Theodore Probasco, John Kugler, John P. Lair; 1871, John Kugler, Peter Yoorhees, Augustus E. Sanderson; 1872, Peter Yoorhees, Augustus E. Sanderson; 1873-74, William L. lloppock, John Carpenter, Jr. ; 1875-76, William W. Swayze, James Bird ; 1877-78, Henry Britton, John Hackett; 1879-80, Charles W. Godown, James N. Ramsey. JUDGES OF THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. The following list of Common Pleas judges from 1725 to 1880 is compiled from the court records of Hunterdon County, the parchment-rolls of oaths of office, etc. The year given is the date of appoint- ment : 1725, Thomas Leonard, .Tames Trent, Joseph Stout; 1726, Daniel Coxe; 1728, John Porterfleld; 1733, John Budd; 1734, Daniel Coxe.t John Reading, Joseph Stout; 1736, William Morris; 1739, Benjamin Smith, William Morris, John Dagworthy, Martin Ryerson, Isaac Herring, Andrew Smith, Theophilns PhilliiJS, Thomas Cadwallader; 1749, Andrew Reed ; 1751, John Garrison, Martin Ryerson ; 1764, Jasper Smith, Cornelius Ringo, Philip Ringo, Samuel Stout, Theophi- lus Sevems ; 1761, William Clayton ; 1762, Benjamin Biles ; 1708, Isaac Smith, John Grandin ; 1770, Micajah Howe, Lewis Chamber- lin; 1774, John Hart; 1777, Samuel Johnson, Joseph Reeling, Moore Furman; 1779, John Mehelm ; 1781, Joseph Reading; 1782, Jared Saxton, Robert L. Hooper ; 1783, Joseph Beavers ; 1785, James * Elected in fall of 1829 and died Jan. 21, 1830. t Until 1844 the members of the Legislature were elected in October, and the Legislature met in the latter part of the same month. X Died 1730. Ewing, Nathaniel Hunt; 1786, John Mehelm, Moore Furman; 1787,g Robert Hooper ; 1788, Joseph Beavers, David Frazer, Daniel Hunt ; 1789, William Hazlett ; 1790, Oliver Barnet, Nathaniel Hunt, Jas. Ewiug ; 1791, John Mehelm ; 1792, Robert L. Hooper ; 1794, David Frazer, Daniel Hunt, Joseph Beaver; 1705, William Hazlett, Nathan Stout; 1796, James Ewing, David Frazer, John Welling, Joseph Reading ; 1797, William Hazlett, Oliver Barnes ; 1799, Dan- iel Hunt, Thomas Reading, Ezekiel Cole ; 1800, Nathan Stout, Ben- jamin Smith, Nathaniel Hunt, Dennis Wyckoff, John Coryell ; 1801, John Lambert, John Wilson, David Frazer, JohnWilling, Richard Op- dyke ; 1803, John Covenhoven, Benjamin Egbert, Caleb Shreve, John Smith ; 1804, John T. Blackwell, David Stout; 1805, Oliver Barnet, Paul H. M. PrevoBt ; 1806, Abraham Ten Eyck, Paul Egbert, James Ewing, Daniel Cook, Elnathan Stevenson, Luther Opdyke, Richard Opdyke ; 1807, Peter Bisler, John Wilson ; 1808, George Rea, J. T. Blackwell, Peter Flomerfelt, Caleb Shreve, Benjamin Egbert ; 1809, BaltuB Stiger, Peter Fisher ; 1810, Paul H. M. Prevost; 1811, Robert McNeely, Daniel Cook, Jacob Kline, Paul Egbert, Abram Ten Eyck, Peter Risler, Elnathan Stevenson, John Wilson, Luther Opdyke, Richard Opdyke ; 1812, Levi Knowles, Thomas Gordon, James Ste- venson, John Coryell, Dennis Wyckoff, Ralph Hunt, James Ewing ; 1813, Jonathan Stevens, Jacob Williamson, John Carpenter, Caleb Shreve; 1814, Peter Flomerfelt, Jacob Case, David Stout, Baltus Stiger, Peter Fisher ; 1815, Foster Walters, Philip Johnston; 1816, Daniel Cook, Robert McNeely, Jacob Kline, Luther Opdyke, John Wilson, Elnathan Stevenson ; 1817, James Ewing, Dennis Wyckoff, Ralph Hunt; 1818, Thomas Capner, Caleb Shreve; 1819, Peter Fisher, Baltus Stiger, David Stout; 1820, Foster Walters, John Thompson ; 1821, Daniel Cook, Luther Opdyke, Elnathan Stevenson ; 1822, John Wilson, James Ewing, John Barton, Dennis Wyckoff, Ralph Hunt, Elijah Wilson, Thomas Capner, IsaM G. Farlce, Zach- ariah Flomerfelt; 1823, Edmund Burroughs, George Rea, David Johnston ; 1824, Jacob J. Young, Baltus Stiger, David Stout ; 1826, Foster Walters, John Thompson; Robt. McNeely; 1826, Daniel Cook, Luther Opdyke, George Rea, Elnathan Stevenson; 1S27, Elijah Wilson, Dennis Wyckoff, Edmund Burroughs, Ralph Hunt ; 1 828, John Barton, David Stout, Richard Coxe, Jacob J. Young ; 1 829, John Haas, Benj. Egbert, John Carr, John Barton, .Nathaniel Fur- man ; 1830, Richd. Coxe, Robt. McNeely, Foster Wallers, Baltus Stiger ; 1831, Joseph Johnston, William Howell, Jacob Y. Young, Joseph W. Dusenbury, Robert K. Reading, Archibald Kennedy, Elijah Wilson, Cornelius Ludlow ; 1832, Luther Opdyke, John Barton ; 1833, Evan Evans, Samuel Hill; 1835, Jos. Brown; 1830, James S. Manners; 1837, John S. Stires, Wm. Probasco; 1838, Wm. Howell, Peter Ten Eyck; 1839, Peter H. Huffman; 1840, Andrew Banghart, Israel Wil- son, Lucius M. Prevost, John Thompson, Andrew Hoagland, John Bailey, David Clarke, Peter B. Lowe, Nathaniel C. Mattison, Isaiah P. Large ; 1841, Edward Wellstcad, David Ilnlsizer, Peter C. Rea ; 1842, Elijah Wilson, Adams C. Davis, Elisha Blue, Joseph Huffman, David P. Srope, William Stout, John Coryell, Peter H. Huffman, Samuel Skinner, William R. Prall, Samuel Hill, William A. Huff, Peter Sigler, Samuel Coolcy, Peter R.Fisher; 1843, Hart Johnson; 1845, Joseph Thompson, of Readington ; 1840, John Barber, of Dela- ware (died Jan. 4, 1867, at. 79); 1847, Samuel Hill, of Raritan (died April 7, 1868, ajt. 66) ; 1848, Robert Foster, of Union; 1849, Joseph Brown, of Raritan (died March 20, 1805, mt. 76); 1850, Joseph Thompson, of Readington ; 1851, William Egbert, of Union ; 1852, Isaac G. Farlee, of Raritan (died Jan. 12, 1868, ajt. 67) ; 1853, Mahlon Smith, of Delaware; 1854, Isaac R. Srope, of Kingwood (died April 14, 1802, ait. 60) ; 1855, none appointed ; 1860, Peter E. Yoorhees, of Readington; 1867, none appointed; 1868, Mahlon Smith, of Dela- ware (died May 27, 1868, aet. 73) ; 1859, Isaiah P. Large, of Reading- ton (died Oct. 1, 1866, ast. 70) ; 1860, none appointed; 1861, Peter I. Clark (to fill vacancy ; died May 26, 1863, aged 73) ; 1862, Jacob H. Huffman, of Clinton (died Nov. 21, 1863) ; 1863, John N. Yoorhees, of Kingwood ; 1803, Jonathan Pickel, of Alexandria (to fill vacancy) ; 1864, Edmund Perry, of Raritan, Jonathan Pickel, of Alexandria (died Feb. 7, 1869, aged 71) ; 1805-60, none appointed ; 1867, Robert Foster, of Clinton; 1868, Dr Samuel Lilly, of Lambortville (died April 3,1880, aged 65) ; 1809, Peter E. Yooriiees, of Readington (died Oct. 16, 1872, aged 62); 1870-71, none appointed; 1872, David Yan Fleet, of Raritan, John C. Eafferty (to fill vacancy); 1873, Nathaniel W. Yoorhees, of Clinton (to fill vacancy), and Sylvester H. Smith, of Bethlehem ; 1876-70, none appointed ; 1877, Alexander Wurts, of g From 1787 the judges of the Orphans' Court are identical with the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. 258 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Karitan ; 1878, John S. Jones, of Baritan ; 1879, James P. Huffman, of Clinton ; 1880, none appointed. JUDGES OF THE ORPHANS' COURT. Joseph. Reading, Joseph Beavers, Moore Furman., May 12, 1785 ; Nathan- iel Hunt, James Ewing, Oct. 25, 1786 ; Joseph Reading, Nov. 1, 1786. From this date the judges of the Orphans' Court are identical with the judges of the Court of Common Pleas, with which list they may be found. JUSTICES. The following table of justices of Hunterdon County, from June 5, 1721, to 1881, is compiled from the court records, the rolls of oaths of ofB.ce, parch- ment warrants, etc. : 1721 (June 5), Timothy Baker, Jasper Smith, Jacob Bellerjeau, Thomas Leonard, Charles Wolverton, Ralph Heax't, William Green, John Porterfield. 1722, Alexander Harper, Charles Clark, William Trent, John Burroughs, Jasper Smith, Samuel Green, Abraham Kitchell, 172:i, Jeremiah Bass, Robert Eaton, Theophilus Phillips, Daniel Vander- beck, Hezekiah Boiiham, Philip Ringo, John Knowles, Adrian Lane, Richard Scudder, Daniel Coxe, Nath. French, James Trent, Andrew Smith, Robert Eaton. 172-i, Daniel Coxe, Philip Ringo, Nath, French, Stephen Leonard, John Hay ward. 1725, Joseph Stout, John Budd, John Dagworthy, Joshua Anderson, Daniel Howell, Isaac Herring, Paul Vanderbeck. 1728, Francis Bowes, William Cornell. 17:3U, Jacob Doughty, Joseph Higbee. ll'.yi, John Linley. 17;i;i. Benjamin Smith, John Hynd Sliaw, Martin Ryerson, Jacob Kay- kendall, lloi, Joseph Reed, James Gould, Alexander Lockart, Samuel Green, Daniel Sebring, Charles Clark, Abraham Kitchell, Abraham Van Horn. 17:38, John Stephens. 1739, James Van Aukland, William Allen, Philip Ringo. 1745, Nathaniel Ware, Samuel Stout, Benjamin Rouuseval, Nathaniel Fresh, Samuel Johnson. 1746, Edward Rockhill, Thomas Ketchem, Jasper Smith, Ralph Smith, Nicholas WyckofF, Theophilus Phillips, Cornelius Ringo. 1747, Ralph Hart. 1749, Miirtin Ryei-son, David Martin, William Clayton, Charles Clarke, Hugh Martin, John Arrison. 1751, Benjamin Byles. 1755, John Hart, John Phillips, James Smith, 1756, Abner Phillips, Charles Huff. 1757, John Opdyke. 1750, John Hackett. 1760, Richard Porter. 1762, John Grandin, John Anderson, Jonathan Sergeant, Courtland Slvinner, B. Temple, Azariah Hunt, Joseph Reading, John Stout. 1763, Henry Woolsey, Samuel Johnson, Charles Clark. 1764, Micajah Howe, Andrew Bray, James Cole. 1767, Samuel Tucker, John Rockhill. 1768, Abram Temple, Louis Chamberlain, John Opdj'ke, Benj. Clark. 1771, Harman Lane, Joseph Beavers. 1772, William Allen. 1773, Noah Hart, Daniel Hunt. 1774, John Jewell, Nathaniel Hunt. 1776, Samuel Stout, Edward Hunt. 1777, Richard Stevens, Benjamin Van Cleve, Nathan Stout, Jared Sexton, Oliver Barnfett, Jeremiah Woolsey, Andrew Muirhead. 1778, William Hazlett, Benjamin Yard, Rensselaer Williams, 1779, John Hazlitt. 1780, Daniel Hunt, Francis McThaw, Charles Coxe, Henry Traphagen, Peter Brunnar. 1781, Ezekiel Cole, Harman Lane, Abner Pratt, Benjamin Williams, Richard Opdyke, Daniel Hunt, David Frazer, Joseph Reading, Nathaniel Hunt, M. Furman, Benjamin Van Cleve, Josliua Corshon, Joseph Beavers, Richard Stevens, Charles Coxe, Oliver Barnet. 1782, Jared Sexton, Robert L. Hooper, William Abbott, Nathan Stout, Albert Opdyke, Andrew Muirhead, Jeremiah Woolsey, Pomfret Wil- liams, 1783, Joseph Chamberlin, Benjamin Van Cleve, Thomas Reading, John Hunt, Benjamin Clark, Richard Opdyke. 1784, Benjamin Yard, Francis McShane, Henry Traphagen. 1785, Benjamin Smith, Peter Gordon. 1786, James Ewing, John Smith, John Mehelm, Elias WyckofF, Nathan- iel Hunt, Joseph Reading, John Lambert, Benjam.in Van Gleve, Daniel Hunt, Moore Furman. 1787, Joseph Beavers, John Welling, Thomas Stout, Charles Case, David Frazer, Jacob Anderson, Oliver Bassett [Barnet], William Abbptt, Nathaniel Hunt, William Hazlett, Robert Hooper. 1788, Thomas Reading, Joseph Chamberlin, Jonathan Wolverton. 1789, A. D. Woodruff, Thomas Bowlsby. 1790, Ezekiel Cook, Nathaniel Hunt, Benjamin Smith, Abraham Van Dyke, James Ewing, John Haas. 1791, Henry Traphagen, John Suyder, Joseph Reading, William Lowrey, N. Dunham, Elias Wyckoff, John Lambert, Benjamin Van Cleve, SamuelStout, John Smith, John Welling, John B. Hunt, D. M, Hunt. 1792, William Abbott, Simon Wyckoff, Joseph Beavers, William Hazlett, Nathan Stout, Thomas Stout, Oliver Barnett, Robert L. Hooper. 1793, David Frazer, Jacob Anderson, Charles Coxe, Thomas Reading, William P. Moore. 1794, David Bishop, Richard Opdyke, Hugh Runyan. 1795, Ezekiel Cole, Thomas Bowlsby. 1796, Benjamin Smith, James Ewing, Dennis Wyckoff, Abram Van Dyke, Samuel Large, Henry Rockafeller, Nicholas Stillwell, Samuel Stout, John Welling, Joseph Reading. 1797, Nehemiah Dunham, John C. Rockhill, John Lambert, James Gregg, William Hazlett, Simon Wyckoff, Charles Coxe, Israel Carle, Oliver Barnes, 1798, Nathan Stout, John Coryell, Joseph Beavers. 1799, John T. Blackwell, John Haas, Thomas Bowlsby, Ezekiel Cole, David Bishop, Andrew Reeder, Richard Opdyke. 1800, Hugh Runyan, James Ewing, Benjamin Smith, Nathaniel Hunt, John Gulick, David Rockafeller. 1801, Dennis Wyckoff, Samuel Large, Joseph Scudder, John Lambert, Jacob Housel, Henry Rockafeller, Jacob Kline, John Wilson, Luther Opdyke, Daniel Hunt, Benjamin Egbert, John Welling. 1802, Nicholas Stillwell, 1803, Anannias Mulford, Caleb Shreve, Benjamin Dean, William Potts, Benjamin Wright, Abraham Ten Eyck, Baltus Stigers. 1804, Daniel Egbert, Martin Hulsizer, Daniel Cook, Abner Reeder, Jacob Case, Richard Van Dyke. 1805, Levi Knowles, Hugh Runyan, Paul H. M. Prevost. 1806, David Rockafeller, James Ewing, Robert McNeely, Peter Flomer- felt, William Potts, Matthias Crater, William Hann, Jacob Kline. 1807, Benjamin Egbert, Philip Johnson, George Rea. 1808, David Brearley, Anannias Mulford, Elnathan Stevenson, Caleb Shreve, Peter Risler, Silas Walters, Peter Fisher, Henry Allen, Baltus Stigers. 1809, Abraham Van Sickle, Philip Alpaugh, William Nixon, John Barton, Levi Knowles, J. Pursel, Paul Egbert, Richard Opdyke, Daniel Cook, John Thompson, Abner Reeder, Jacob Case. 1810, John Little, Paul H. M. Prevost, David Rockafeller, David Stout. 1811, Robert McNeely, Nathaniel Hart, Pliilip Johnson, Matthias Crater, Peter Flomeifelt, William Hann, Luther Opdyke, John Wilson, Jacob Kline. 1812, Thomas Gordon, Cornelius Williamson, Dennis Wyckoff, David Myers, John Carpenter, Ralph Hunt, John Coryell, George Rea, James Dunham, Daniel Agnew, James Ewing, William Demond. 1813, Jonathan Stevens, David Everitt, William Burroughs, Richard Gano, Morris Fritts, Francis Robertson, John Apgar, Peter Fisher, Henry Allen, Elnathan Stevens, Peter Risler, Baltus Stiger, George Rea, Ananias Mulford, Caleb Shreve, Pliilip Alpaugh, Silas Walters. 1814, Peter Flomerfelt, John Rockhill, Richard Opdyke, Foster Walters, Richard Slack, Cornelius J. Wyckoff, John Thompson, David Stout, John Barton, Daniel Cook. 1815, Levi Knowles, S. Johnston, Philip Johnston, Jacob J, Young, Zach- ariah Flomerfelt, John Thompson, David Rockafeller, James Larason. 1816, John Cavanagh, Elijah Wilson, William Wortman, John Carr, Robert McNeely, Israel Taylor, William Hann, Hart Johnson, Matthias Crater, Elijah Warford, Luther Opdyke, Philip Johnson, John Wilson. 1817, George Rea, Ralph Hunt. 1818, Thomas Capner, Jacob Housel, James Ewing, John Coryell, Jonathan Britain, Philip Alpaugh, Henry Allen, Caleb Shreve, Elnathan Ste- CIVIL LIST OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 259 vena, Peter "Fisher, Silas Walters, Peter Wortman, George Bea, Baltus Stiger, William Marshall. 1819, Richard Opdyke, George Maxwell, John Haas, Cornelius J. WyckofT, Enoch Clifford, John Tliompson, John Barton, Daniel Cook, Ezra Shomp, Edmund Burroughs, Foster Waltere, John Kockhill. 1820, Joseph Boss, Jacob J. Young, Joseph Johnston, Zachariah Flomer- felt, Matthias Crater, James Larason, Elijah Wilson. 1S21. John Carr, William Hann, Robert McNeely, Israel Taylor, Luther Opdyke, David Johnston, Samuel Evans, John Anderson, David Eockafeller, Henry Miller, Stephen Garrison, Asa Buuyan, John McKinstry. 1822, John Wilson, Ralph Hunt, Asa C. Dunham, George Rea, Philip Marshall, David Stout, William Stout, Thomas Capner, Isaac G. Farlee, Enoch Johnson, Uriah Sutton, William Voorhis, Philip Alpaugh. 1823, John S. Stires, James Honej-man, Jonathan Brittain, John Coryell, William Marehall, Bates Hortman, Edmund Burroughs, Thomas Little, Enoch Clifford, Elnathan Stevenson, Henry Allen. 1824, Baltns Steger, Richard Opdyke, David Trimmer, John Haas, John 0. Rockhill, James Caugle, John C. Salter, John Thompson, John Barton. 1825, Jacob Housel, Archibald Kennedy, Ezra Shomp, Joseph Boss, Na- thaniel Brittain, Samuel Cooley, Joseph Johnston, Jacob J. Young, Foster Walters, Elijah Wilson, John Carr, James Larason. 1S26, James Snyder, Robert McNeely, David Eockafeller, Samuel Evans, John Mclnsti-y, John Anderson, Luther Opdyke, Henry Miller, David Johnston, Sutphin Garrison. 1827, John S. Stires, Enoch Johnson, George Bea, Nathan Furman, Wil- liam Voorhis, David Stout, Asa C. Dunham, Philip Marshall, Uriah Sutton, Philip Alpaugh, John Coryell, Dennis Wyckoff, Ralph Hunt. 1S2S, Robeson Rockhill, William Probasoo, Daniel Piereon, RicliardCoxe, Andrew Banghart, Samuel Hill, Elnathan Moore, Charles Bonnell, William Cliandler, William McKee. 1829, John Haas, Henry S. Hunt, Philip Gordon, Benjamin W. Dennis, Garret A. Coveuhoven, George W. Smith, Adam Steger, William H. Yawger, Benjamin Egbert, 1830, Joseph Johnston, Ezra Sohomp, John C. Salter, Archibald Kennedy, Sam'l Cooley, Joshua Bunn, Joab Sexton, Henry "Van Cleve, Nicholas Wyckoff, Philip Bead, Morris Fritts, Jacob J. Young, Evan Evans. 1831, James Snyder, David Hulsizer, Jonathan M. Higgins, Robert K. Reading, Abraham T. Williamson, Joseph W. Dusenbury, William Howell. 1832, Elijah Wilson, Enoch Johnson, William Toorhees, John Coryell, John S. Stires, Daniel Cook, William Stout, Uriah Sutton, David Rockafellow. 1833, David Stout, Daniel Stires, William McKee, "William Probasco, El- nathan Moore, Daniel Pierson, Albeitus King, David P. Hrope, John Thompson, Moses A. Taylor, David Pai'k, George Henry, Andrew Banghart, Samuel Hill, William Cliandler, Richard Cox, William B. Piall, Peter Huffman, Peter Haver, Joseph Beavers, John Coryell, Green Sergeant, Philip Marshall, Philip F. Hawk, Peter Alpaugh, Boberson Bockhill, John Barber, Isaac B. Srope, Henry H. Fisher. 1835, James Larason. 183G, George Praster, Peter H. Dilts, James Snyder, Bobert K. Beading, David Hulsizer, William Nixon. William Grant, Amos Hart. 1837, Peter H. Huffman, John Barber, Elijah Wilson, John Coryell, Jo- seph Anderson, William Stout, Uriah Sutton, George W. Scott, George A. "Vanselius, Enoch Johnson, James Stevenson, Samuel Skinner, Adams C. Davis, Henry Suydam, Eichard Sked. 1838, Lewis M. Prevost, Albertus King, John Thompson, Andi'ew Bang- hart, Peter Haver, Joseph Beavers, David P. Srope, David Stout, David Park, Samuel Hill, William B. Prall, Levi M. Metier, John Swackhammer, Isaac E. Srope, John Barber, Peter C. Bea, Leonard N. Bolman, William Eoberson, Halloway W. Hunt, Sr., Ichabod S. Leigh, 1840, Ezekiel Blue, Charles W. Bonnell, William G. Alpaugh, Enoch Abel, William A. Huff, Conrad P. Apgar, A. Sutphin. 1841, Peter Gulick, Samuel M. Higgins, Philip Lippincott. 1842, Elisha Blue, Adams C. Davis, Elisha AVilson, George A. Vescelius, David S. Srope, Peter Haver, Joseph Chapman, John Coryell, John Barber, Heni-y Suydam, Lewis M. Prevost, Albertus King, John Thompson, Levi M. Mettler, David Parks, Lambert Boeman, 1843, Philip P, Hawk, Lewis M. Prevost, Isaiah P. Large, George W. Scott, Jacob H. Huffman, Joseph Anderson, Lambert Boeman, Wil- liam Eoberson, William Prohasco, Thomas E. Large, Joseph Beavers. Uriah Hoagland, John S. Williamson, Robert M. Honeyman, -John 0. Biggs, David P. Srope. 1844,* David Hulsizer, Joseph Brown, John S. Stires, Lewis Young, An- drew Banghart, Dr. John Lilly, Frederick Apgar, Lewis H. Marteuis, Sutphin Garrison, Aaron Eckle, Albertus K. Wagner, Hiram Ben- nett, George Neighbour, Peter Apgar, Amos Wilson, Enoch Clifford, Philip Biley, Daniel Stires, William W. Aller, Daniel Pierson, Hemy S. Trimmer, Nicholas 0. Dunham, Bergen Brokaw, Henry M. Kline, William Egbert, James S. Manners, John H. Prevost, William M. Dalrymple, Jolin Swackhamer, George Henry, John R. Young, Mahlon Smith, John Smith, William A. Loder, David Van Fleet, Elijah Drake. 1846, John Walters, Peter F. Baylor, Frederick Apgar, John C. Rafferty, Jacob H. Huffman, Robert Finley, John S. Stires, David Van Fleet, Bergen Brokaw, Isaiah P. Large, Samuel F. Brittain, Hiram Ben- nett, Daniel Carrell, James Snyder, Mahlon Smith, Asher Lambert. 1849, Aaron H. Stover, Henry S. Trimoner, Daniel Pierson, Enoch W. Drake, Caleb F. Fisher. 1850, Leonard P. Kuhl, Augustus Hunt, George C. Seymour, Samuel Hill, John Rinehart, William Egbert, Morris F. Martenis, John S. Davis, William Iliff, Frederick Apgar, Jacob H. Huffman, Austin Clark. David Van Fleet, Isaiah P. Large, Bergen Brokaw, John S. Stires, Samuel H. Britton, Hiram Bennett, James Snyder, Albertus K. Wagner, Andrew Woolverton, Alexander German, Israel Wilson, Jacob S. Manners, Peter H. Dilts, Lemuel H. Pai-sons, Boberson Bockhill, Joseph W. Willever. 1851, Sylvester H. Smith, William R. Prall, David Neighbour, Mahlon Smith. 1852, Rynear Rowland. 1853, Jacob S. C. Pittinger, Edward R. Bullock, Peter F. Opdyke, Uriah Larue. 1854, Joseph Hann, Uriah Larue, William Iliff, William A, Huff, Aaron H. Stover, Samuel H. Britton, John N. Voorhees, Job n Trimmer, Henry S. Trimmer, Nelson V. Young, John S. Drake.f 1865, Samuel M. Higgins, William Hill, Miller Kline, Leonard P. Kulil, John Hance, Sylvester H. Smith, Frederick Apgar, William Iliff, Garret Servis, Jacob H. Huffman, Peter D. Rockefellow, Isaiah P. Large, David Van Fleet, Bergen Brokaw, Joseph Hann, Abraham Slack, Derrick A. Sutphin, Andrew Woolverton, Mahlon Smith, David B. Boss, Jacob S. Williamson, Israel Wilson, Lemuel H. Par- sons, Peter II. Dilts, Robeson Rockhill, William Egbert. 1856, James H. Bell, Rauce Hann Gray, James M. Duckworth. 1857, Eleazur Smith, John Macklin, Uriah Larue. 1858, Caleb F. Quick. 1859, Samuel H. Britton, Aaron H. Stover, Eiias W. Sweazey, James M. Duckworth, Thomas P. Tinsman, John S. Trimmer, Henry S. Trim- mer, John S- Drake, Nelson V. Toung. 1860, Robert J. Kilgore, Miller Kline, Newton Gary, Caleb F. Quick, John Hance, Joh n C. Lake, Morris F. Martenis, Nathan Lance, Jacob H. Huffman, John Macklin, Peter A. Beavers, John J. Hulsizer, Samuel D. Barcroft, Uriah Larue, James McVey, Andrew Woolvo ton, Mahlon Smith, David B. Boss, Jacob S. Durham, Israel Wilson, John W. Bergen, Lenniel H. Parsons, William Egbert. 1861, William J. Hardy, Asa S. Snyder, John Vescelius, Dennis W, Stevens, Austin Claik, George H. Rowland, John Swackhamer, Isaac E. Srope. John N. Voorhees, Hiram B. Eittenhonse, Israel Wilson, Joseph Servis. 1862, James M. Case, John McK. Dippolt. 18G3, Vincent B. Mathews, William H. Keifer, Joseph C. Wright. 1864, Joseph C. Wright, John S. Trimmer, Henry S. Trimmer. 1865, Jacob S. Prall, Robert J. Killgore, Lewis H. Staats, Watson B. Everitt, John Hance, John C. Lake, Nathan Lance, Morris F. Mar- tenis, Frederick Apgar, Joseph H. Melick, Austin Clark, John Hig- gins, John A. Cole, George W. Vroom, Euliff S. Swackhamer, David Pittenger, Samuel D. Barcroft, David Jackson, Mahlon Snrith, An- drew J. Rouusavall, Jacob Bodine, Charles W. Angel, Ruliff S. Hulsart, Enoch Abel, William Egbert, Thomas W. Gibbons. 1866, Peter H. Dilts, Henry Mains, John C. Durham, James P. Chamber- lin, John M. Voorhees, Ranee H. Gray, Eleazer Smith. * Previous to 1844 a large number of justices were annually appointed by the Legislature, and after that year they were elected by the town- gl^ips^ — two to each township unless there were over four thousand inhab- itants, when four was the number. I April 11, 1854, two justices of the peace were elected, *'to supply the vacancy occasioned by the removal of Augustus Hunt, and non-accept- ance of the said office by George C. Seymore, Esqrs.," for unexpired term of their offices. — Earitan Township Becords. 260 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 1867, Aaron Mathews, Dr. Jeremiah 0. Hoff, ■William M. Sine, Samuel Carhart, John V. Brokaw, John Slater. 1868, Jacob G. Schomp. Yincent K. Mathews. 1869, John S. Drake, Nelson T. Young, Joseph O.Wright, Edward M. Heath, Joseph Williamson, Henry S. Trimmer, John S. Trimmer, William Iliff, Fredeiiclc P. Huffman, James M. Duckworth, William Bonnell, Aaron H. Stover, Richard Bloom. 1S70, David Jackson, Edward M. Heath, Andrew J. Rounsavall, Joseph Williamson, Charles W. Angel, John S. Coryell, Peter B. Crater, Oliver H. Huffman, Nathan Lance, Samuel Eiuehart, Leonard G. Neighbour, AVilliam B. Sutton, Lewis H. Staats, Watson B. Everitt, William S. Quick, Zebulon Stout, Sylvester H, Smith, John Hance, John Higgins, Morris S. Hoagland, Jolin V. Brokaw, John Lewis, Peter H.Anderson, Enoch Abe], Thomas W. Gibbous. 1871, John C. Lake, Bobert S. Smith, John Macklin, James K. Brewster, Dr. Jeremiah Hayhnrst, David Pitteuger, William S. Briwn, Leon- ard G. Neighbour, John J. Anderson, Joseph ITritts, Ira C. Harvey, Peter D. Myers, William Wert, Freeman Wood, Eleazer Smith, J. P. Bailey. 1872, Samuel Rockafellow, Joseph Servis, Robert W. Hunt, David Dun- ham, M. Gulick, William H. Keifer. 1873, John Purcell, William H. Keifer. 1874, Nelson V. Young, William Dean, William B. Woodruff, Henry S. Trimmer, Williani Bonnell, Richard Bloom, James M. Duckworth, Aaron H. Stover, James Petty, John S. Drake, Caleb F. Fisher, Wil- liam T. Srope. 1875, Oliver H. Huffman, Samuel Einebart, George Banghart, William B. Sutton, Lemuel B. Myers, Clinton B. Blackwell, George Hanson, John V. Brokaw, John Lewis, John B. Davis, John Higgins, Mathias McOrea, Enoch Abel, A.S. Storms, William R. Boarder, David Jack- son, Andrew J. Rounsavall, Joseph Williamson, John W. Henderson, William Iliff, John Hance, David Chamberlin, Charles W. Angel. 1870, Derrick A. Sutphin, John C. Lake, George Opdycke, William Large, Henry P. Cullen, John P. S. Miller, Nathan Schuyler, Fred- erick P. Huffman, Enoch Abel, John Carpenter, Jr., James P. Gary, Nathan Lance. James Petty, Ira C. Harvey, William F. Dilts, Ira Higgins, Dennis AV. Stevens, Eleazer Smith, Thomas B. Apgar. 1S77, Peter A. Beavers, John H. Horn, Joseph C. Wright, Levi Holcombe, Samuel B. G. Willet, David Dunham, Anthony M. Trimmer, William Lyman. 1878, Alexander Silvers, Joseph Williamson, Hugh Reynolds. 1879, William I. Srope, Rusling Hoppock, Aaron H. Stover, Richard Bloom, William Bonnell, Henry S. Trimmer, James Huff, Dr. Jere- miah Hayhnrst, William Dean, Alexander Silvers. 1880, William H. Keifer, George Hanson, William S. Riley, Henry H. Anderson, Silas S. Wright, William D. S. Robbins, John II. William- son, Aaron T. Trimmer, John W. Henderson, AA'illiam Craig, Ben- jamin E. Tine, Oliver H. Huffman, Peter Walters, Sanuicl Rineliart, John Hance, Robert S. Smith, John V. Brokaw, John V. F. Wyckoff, Leonard B. Huffman, John T. F. Dilts, Caleb F. Fisher, John S. Drake. PROSECUTOR OF THE PLEAS. 1818-20, Fred. Frelinghuysen ; IS21-22, Peter D. Vroom; 1823-28, ^^■i^- liam Halstead, Jr.; 1829-32, Peter I. Clark {died May 2G, 1863, aged seventy- three) ; 18.33-37, William Halstead (died March 4, 1878, aged eighty-four) ; 1838-53, James N. Reading; 1863-56, John F. Dumont ; 1857, Marston D. Trefren ■, 1858-62, Charles A. Skillman; 1863-07, John T. Bird ; 1863-70, Edward E. Bullock ; 1S71, John N. Voorhees (to All vacancy) ; 1872, Octavins P. Chamberlin ; 1877-80, John C. Rafferty. COUNTY CLERKS. The following list is compiled from the court rec- ords and from the parchment rolls and record-books, containing the oaths of office, in the county clerk's oiBce of Hunterdon County. 1721, Alexander Lockart;* 1722, William Yard; 1723, Alexander Lock- art; 1726-29, Maurice Trent; 1730-31, Jeremiah Forster; 1732, Richard Ashiield ; 1733-34, Joseph Y"ard; 1735-40, Joseph WarreU; 1746-66, Theophilus Severns; 1767-62, Moore Furnian ; 1703-75, Anthony White ;t 1776-80, Ebenezer Cowell; 1781-94, Samuel W. * Also one of the first burgesses of Trenton borough under the royal charter. — Baum's Hist. Trenton, p. 72. + A. Cottman, deputy clerk. Stockton; 1796-1804, Lucius Wittman Stockton; 1806-9, Ralph Hunt; 1810-29, J. T. Blackwell ;J: 1830-39, Isaac G. Farlee; 1840-44, Peter I. Clark; 1845-49, Joseph Besson ;g 1850-54, William Emery ; 1855-59, Charles Tomlinson; 1800-64, John B. AlpaugU; 1865-69, Andrew B. Rittenbouse; 1870-74, Moses K. Everitt; 1875-78, George W. Abel;l 1879-84, John M. Hyde. SURROGATES OF THE COUiSTTT OF HUNTERDON FROM MARCH 6, 1S04, AS FOUND OF RECORD.If James J. Wilson, found in ofBce March 6, 1804; resigned June 30, 1807. George C. Maxwell, appointed June 30, 1807; term expired June 28, 1611. John T. Blackwell, June 28, 1811, to March 16, 1818. Joseph Bonnell, March 16, 1818, to Oct. 19, 1823. John F. Blackwell, Oct. 19, 1823, to Dec. 2, 1823. George Maxwell, Dec. 2, 1823, to July 26, 1834. Alexander Wnrts, Jnly 20, 1S34, to Slarch 4, 1835. William H. Sloan, March 4, 1835, to March 4, 1840. Adam 0. Davis, March 4, 1840, to March 4, 1845. George C. Seymour, March 4, 1845, to March 4, 1850. Jesse C. Reed, March 4, 1850, to Oct. 24, 1854. John C. Reed, Oct. 24, 1854, to Nov. 17, 1S54. Charles Thatcher, Nov. 17, 1864, to Nov. 17, 1869. David Van Fleet, Nov. 17, 1869, to Nov. 17, 1804. Joseph C. Smith, Nov. 17, 1864, to Nov. 17, 1869. Robert J. Killgore, Nov. 17, 1860, to Nov. 17, 1874. Peter S. Dalley, Nov. 17, 1874, to Nov. 17, 1879. William H. Johnson, elected November, 1879, for live years. HIGH SHERIFFS. 1723-26, John Muirhead; 1727-32, John Dagworthy; 1733-36, Bennett Bard; 1738-39, David Martin; 1702, John Aller; 1782, Joseph Co- shon; 1784-85, John Anderson ; 1780-88, Joshua Coshon ; 1789-91, William Lowrie ; 1792-94, John Anderson; 1795-90, Jacob Ander- son ; 1797-98, Elias Phillips ; 1790-1800, George Holcombe; 1801-3, John Phillips; 1804-0, Aaron Van Sickle; 1807-9, Nathan Price; 1810-12, John Opdyke; 1S13-14, William Nixon; 1817-18, James J. Manners; 1819-21, John Cavauagh ; 1S22-24, Edward Wellstead; 1825-27, Gabriel Hoff; 1828-30, Peter Forman; 1831-32, Wilson Bray; 1833-35, Asa Jones; 1836-38, John Runk; 1839^1, John Bo- dine; 1842^3, Alexander V. Bonnell; 1844-40, A. B. Chamberlin; 1847-49, Garret Servis ; 1850-52, J.xmes Snyder; 1853-66, Enoch Abel ; 1866-68, George B. Holcombe; 1850-61, Robert Thatcher; 1862-64, John L.Jones; 1865-07, Joseph P. Lake; 1866-70, Richard Bellis; 1871-73, John P. Kittenhouse; 1874-77, Wesley Bellis ;** 1878-81 , Heber 0. Beldon. CORONERS. 1781, Thomas Thompson, David Jones. 1782, John Carpenter, Timothy Titus. 1783, Thomas Curtis, Peter Howell. 1784, John Snyder, William Philips, Thomas Curtis, John Snyder. 1785, J. W. Singer, Benjamin Smith, Charles Wycoff. 1786, J. W. Singer, Elisha Bird. 1787, J. W. Singer, Thomas Curtis. 1788, J. Polhemus, Jacob Lnpp, William Tindak. 1789, John Meldnmi, J, Polhemus. 1790, George Holcorab, Jacob Lupp, John Meldi-um. 1791, David Wrighten, George Alexander, Jacob Lupp. 1794, James Gregg, Jonathan Baldwin. 1795, Nathan Price, Jonathan Baldwin, Jonathan Higgins. 1790, Jonathan Higgins, Nathan Price. 1800, Jonathan Higgins, Nathan Price, Edmund Roberts, James Ewing, Henry Allen. 1802, Nathan Price, Samuel Arment. 1804, Peter Fisher. Samuel Arnwine. 1805, H. M. Prevost, Peter Fisher, Daniel Cook. X Died Aug. 4, 1831. g He died in the spring of 1849, and, M.arch 24, 1849, A. B. Chamberlin was appointed, and served until eleclion, in November of same year. II Died before expiration of his term, January, 1878, and J. M. Hyde appointed to fill vacancy. •; Compiled by Peter S. Dalley, late surrogate. ■*■* Wesley Bellis served four yeai-s ; when he had held the office one year the Slate constitution was amemled, making the term three years. CIVIL LIST OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 261 1806, Jacob Diltz, Michael Shirts, Foster Walters. 1S07, John Lambert, Jacob Runkle, Foster Walters 1808, Ira Stout, Jacob Runkle, Louis Labow. 1S09-10, William Nixon, Louis Labow, Charles Ent. 1511, William Martin, Charles Ent, William Nixon. 1512, Samuel Rittenhouse, William Martin, Thomas Jewell. 1813, John Lake, Enoch Clifford, (Jharles Ent, -Andrew Waart. 1S"20, Caleb Runk, Moses Quick, Charles Carhart. 1822, Jonas Lake, John Harcourt, Elnatban Morse, Samuel Evans. 1S23, Gabriel Hoff. 1824, Moses Quick, Asher Reading, James Taylor. 1S26, James Taylor, Moses Quick, George Rittenhouse, Asher Reading. 1828, Benjamin W. Dennis, Elnathan Moore, Daniel Vliet. 1829, Sutphin Garrison. Elnathan Moore, Benjamin W. Dennis. 1830-31, Lemuel Howell, Sutphin Garrison, Peter R. Fisher. 1836-37, Henry S. Stryker, Samuel B. Sattergood, Peter A. Kline. 1838, Nathan Risler, Peter A. Kline, Henry S. Stryker. 1S40, Oliver W. Farley, Joseph Thompson, Thomris Tomson. 1841, Emley Holcombe, Oliver W, Farley. Joseph Thompson. 1842-43, Emley Holcombe, Ezra Brewster, William R. Moore. 1844, Michael Shurts, William R. Moore, Joseph J. Scarborough. 1845-47, Henry Heldebrandt, John H. Smith, Henry S. Stryker. 1848-50, William R. Moore, Philetus Cook, Thomas Ent. 1851, Joseph R. West, John G. Pidcock, James Callis. 1S52, Herbert Hummer, David Chamberlin, Joseph R. West. 1853, Jonathan Rake, Herbert Hummer, David Chamberlin. 1854-55, Ephraim 0. Parker, John Lewis, Lemuel B. Myres. 1855, John Lewis, Lemuel B. Myres, Ephraim 0. Parker. 1856, John Lewis, Ephraim 0. Parker, Elijah B. Metier. 1857, James M. Case, Thomas Chen^, Eli Camp. 1858, Samuel Johnson, James M. Case, George A. Apgar. 1859-61, George W. Beatty, James M. Case, Samuel Johnson. 1S62, Jacob Kline, Samuel Johnson, John B. Creed. 1SG3, Horace P. Housel, Samuel Johnson, Geoi'ge H. Rowland. 1864-65, Horace P. Housel, William Kimble, George H. Rowland. 1866, Charles W. Angel, William Kimble, Diivid Chamberlin. 1867, Charles W. Angel, Herbert Hummer, Nelson Read. 1868, Charles W. Angel, George Hnusou, George H. Rowland. 1869, Mortimer P. Fomiau, Joseph C. Wright, George Hanson. 1870, Lewis Young, George Hanson, Mortimer P. Forman. 1871-73, Nelson V. Young, George Hanson, Lewis Young. 1874, Dr. George H. Larason, Henry S. Tiimmer, William J. Tliff.* 1878, John H. Horn, Clinton B. Blackwell, William H. Carpenter. COUNTY SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS. 1S6S, John C. Rafferty ; 1871, Rev. Cornelius S. Conkling; 1879, Buliff S. Swackhamer. COMMISSIONERS TO TAKE ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND PROOF OF DEEDS. 1816, John Cavanagh, Cornelius J. Wyckoff, George Maxwell. 1817, James Larason, Jacob Housel. 1820, Cornelius Lake, Cornelius J. Wyckoff, John Brittain, Edmund Bur- roughs, Robeson Rockhill. 1821, Jacob J. Young, Anthony M. Farley, John Lake, James Larason. 1822, Jacob Housel, M. J. Stockton, Thomas D. Jenkins. 1S23, Joseph Bobs. 1824, Richard Opdyke, Philip Alpaugh, Enoch Johnson. 1825, John R. Tucker, Cornelius Lake, John B. Stires, Wilson Housel, Joseph Wood, William Nixon, J. Welling, Robeson Rockhill, Cor- nelius J. Wyckoff, Andrew Bartles. 1826, Samuel Evans, James Larason. 1827, Thomas D. Jenkins, John Lake, Joseph Boss. 1828, Emley Holcombe. 1830, Cornelius Lake, J. G. Hoagland, Wilson Housel, William Nixon, John B. Tucker, John W. Bray. 1831, Andrew Bartles, James Larason, John Lake. 1837, Joseph Huffman, Tewksbury ; William Rinehart, Bethlehem ; Peter Thompson, Alexandria. 1838, David S. Mannere, Amwell; Jacob P. Fisher, Delaware. 1840, Joseph Chapman, John H. Large, Wilson Housel, Tunis Smith. 1841, Samuel Fritts, William Bonnell, William Vliet, Amos Hoagland, George P. Rex, Jacob S. Mowry, David P. Huffman, David Neighbour. 1842, Philip C. Huffman, Peter Thompson. * Elected for three years in 1875. 1843, James J Fisher, Delaware ; Jacob Cole, Readington ; Peter C. Rea, Raritan; Jacob P. Fisher, David Neighbour, Lebanon. 1844, Morris S. Stiger, Clinton ; Jeremiah Smith, Delaware ; Joseph Bes- son, George Trimmer, Raritan; Isaac R. Srope, Kingwood; James M.Johnson, Lebanon; Joseph Thompson, Alexandria ; Moses Far- row, Bethlehem; John Opdycke, Kingwood; Joseph Johnson, Leb- anon; Gideon Phillips, Emley Holcombe, Amwell. 1845, George W. A. C. Lundy, Moses E. Hoyt, Franklin; Peter F. Op- dycke, Kingwood; John S. Williamson, Amwell; Aaron Eckle, Alexandria; David Neighbour, Lebanon; Abraham Conover, Dela- ware. 1846, John Y. Thatcher, Kingwood ; Isaac Johnson, Peter Thompson, Alexandria ; David P. Srope, Lebanon ; Robert Foster, Edward C. Rockhill, Bethlehem; Jacob S. Manners, East Amwell; David B. Huffman, Clinton ; William Yliet, Tewksbury ; Mosea B. Hoyt, Franklin; Jacob Reed, West Amwell; Nelson Thatcher, Beading- ton. 1847, Moses E. Hoyt, Franklin; Aaron Thompson, Readington; David Neighbour, Lebanon; David B. Huffman, Clinton; Jacob F. Apgar, Robert M. Honeyman, Tewksbury. 1848, Nelson V. Young, West Amwell. 1849, Samuel Cooley, Alexandria ; Dr. George P. Rex, Ralph Rudebock, Raritan ; Edwin N. Ball, Joseph Anderson, Bethlehem. 1850, John S. Williamson, John L. Case, East Amwell ; George Muirhead, West Amwell; Andrew B. Rittenhouse, Delaware ; Peter F. Opdyke, Kingwood ; George W. A. C. Lundy, George W. Waterhouse, Frank- lin; Lewis M. Prevost, William A. Huff, Alexandria; Peter Melick, Bethlehem ; Peter H. Huffman, Clinton ; Wesley J. Lindabury, Tewksbury ; Isaiah P. Large, John Vanderbeck, Readington ; Adams C.Davis, Raritan; Lemuel H. Pareons, Lewis S. Paxaon, Alexander Grant, Lambertville. 1851, John H. Williamson, West Amwell; Charles Holcombe, Ralph Schenck, East Amwell; Miller Kline, Raritan; John W. Bellis, East Amwell ; David Chamberlin, Bethlehem ; Samuel D. Barcroft, Amplius B. Chambeilin, King\vood ; James M. Johnson, Lebanon. 1852, Joseph Bartles, Frederick Apgar, Tewksbury ; David D. Schomp, Sr., Readington ; David Neighbour, Lebanon ; Michael Shurts, Clinton; Jeremiah Smith, Delaware; Ingham Coryell, Lambert- ville ; Henry S. Trimmer, Franklin, 1853, Samuel Grovendycke, Clinton; David Chamberlin, Bethlehem; David B. Boss, Delaware ; Lewis Young, Lebanon ; Joseph P. Lake, Bethlehem; Roberson Rockhill, William Bounell, Union; Charles Tomlinson, Bethlehem. 1854, Peter H. Dilts, Lambertville ; Jolin P, Rittenhouse, Berzilla Bob- bins, Baritau ; Peter C. Bloom, Alexandria. 1855, William A. Huff, Nathaniel Eicke, Alexandria; Peter F. Opdycke, Kingwood ; George W. A. C. Lundy, Andrew Emmons, Peter Melick, Franklin; Robert Foster, Union ; Peter Vanpelt, Clinton; Isaiah P. Large, Aaron Thompson, Readington; Samuel W. Salter, Tewks- bury ; Lemuel H. Pareous, Lewis S. Paxeon, Lambertville ; John H. Williamson, William W. Metier, East Amwell; Reading Moore, Delaware. 1856, Ralph Schenck, Daniel Skinner, John S. Drake, West Amwell ; Jeremiah Trout, Delaware; Joseph B. Pierson, Luther Opdycke, Franklin; Amplius B. Chamberlin, Samuel D. Barcroft, Kingwood ; Augustus Blackwell, Miller Kline, Raritan ; JohnL. Case, John W. Bellis, East Amwell. 1857, Cornelius H. Rose, AVest Amwell; Michael Shurts, Clinton; Jehu Huffman, Delaware ; Henry S. Trimmer, Franklin; David Neigh- bour, Lebanon; David D. Schomp, Readington; Joseph Bartles, Frederick Apgar, Tewksbury; William T. Srope, Kingwood: Peter H.Rowland, Abraham W. Giant, Lebanon ; John Hance, Bethle- hem. 1858, David Chamberlin, Joseph P.Lake, Bethlehem; Samuel Groven- dycke, Clinton ; David B. Boss, Delaware; Theodore Probasco, Frank- lin ; Joseph R. Wert, Lambertville ; Peter Apgar, Tewksbury ; Wil- liam Bonnell, William P. Rockhill, Union. 1859, William Hill, Raritan; Edward Hunt, Andrew G. M. Prevost, Joseph W. Thompson, Alexandria; Sylvester H. Smith, Bethlehem; Peter F, Baylor, Thomas Banghart, Lebanon ; Lewis J. Titus, Wil- liam V. Cooley, Lambertville; Samuel Carhart, Clinton. 1860, Peter H. Dilts, Mortimer P. Forman, Lambertville ; Garret Q. Hix- son, East Amwell ; John M. Yoorheea, Kingwood ; William Naught- right, Lewis Y'^oung, Lebanon; Jacob H. Huffman, Clinton; Enoch Abel, Union; George W. Yroom, Aaron Thompson, Readington; Jonathan Potter, Tewksbury. 1862 John S. Drake, Ralph Schenck, Alexander Matthews, West Am- 262 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. ■well ; John L. Case, Andrew Wj'ckoff, East Arawell ; Jeremiah Trout, Jehu Huflman, Delaware; Augustus Blackwell, Itobert J. Killgore, Baritan; Amplius B. (Jliamberlin, Samuel D. Barcroft, Kiugwood; Joseph B. Pierson, John B. Tomer, Franklin ; Alvah A. Olark, Tewksbury; David D. Schomp, Jr., Keadington; Michael Shurts, Samuel Carhart, Clinton. 1863, David B. Boss, Delaware ; John S. Drake, West Amwell ; Hiram B. Rittenhouse, Kiug^vood; Joseph E.. Wert, Lambertville ; John B. Tomer, Theodore Probasco, Reuben Pierson, Franklin; William J. Iliff, Tewksbury; Joseph P. Lake, John Hance, Bethlehem ; Nathan Lance, Lebanon; William Bonnell, Peter R, Williamson, Union; George M. Freck, CUnton. 1864, Aaron Matthews, Aaron H. Stover, Charles Alpaugh, Alexandria; David Chamberlin, John Hance, Joseph P. Lake, Bethlehem; George H. Rowland, Clinton; Robert Sharp, Delaware; Reuben Pierson, John B. Tomer, Franklin ; Hiram B. Rittenhouse, Wesley Bellis, Kingwood; Joseph R. Wert, Lambertville; Peter H. Rowland, Na- than Lance, Lebanon ; Chester Vausyckel, Raritan ; William J. Iliff, Tewksbury; John S. Drake, Richard H. Wilson, Caleb F. Fisher, West Amwell. 1866, Nelson Abbott, West Amwell; David Williamson, East Amwell; Peter F. Opdycke, Kingwood; Ferdinand S. Holcombe, Delaware; Aaron Thompson, Readington ; William Dean, Lambertville; Wil- liam P. Rockliill, Nathan S. Wyckoff, Union; Charles W. Altemus, William H. Huifman, John A, Young, Town of Clinton; George W. A. C. Lundy, Franklin; Albert Proctor, Tewksbury. 1867, Sylvester H. Soiith, Bethlehem; Theodore H. Risler, Samuel Car- hart, Clinton; Clemeut H. Bonnell, Union; Peter Vaupelt, Theodore J. Huffman, Nathaniel W. Voorhees, Town of Clinton; Amos Mer- selius, John W. Lequear, Kingwood; Ralph Rudebock, Raritan; Cornelius H. Rose, West Amwell ; Jacob S. Dunham, Simpson S. Sked, East Amwell; Conrad P. C. Apgar, Dr. Charles H. Dayton, Tewksbury. 1868, James Labaw, East Amwell ; Caleb F. Fisher, Andrew Holcombe, West Amwell; William R. Bearder, Delaware; Charles W. Angel, Lambertville; Uriah Larue, Reuben Pierson, Franklin; Peter G. Schomp, John V. Brokaw, Readington ; William J. Iliff, Tewksbury ; Miller Kline, Andrew B. Rittenhouse, Dr. Miller K. Reading, Rari- tan; Michael Shurts, Clinton; John Hance, Bethlehem; Nathan Lance, Lebanon ; William T. Srope, David C. Roberson, William H. Eckle, Frenchtown. 1870, Enoch Abel, Union; Peter H. Dilts, Lambertville; Jonathan Pot- ter, Tewksbury; Jeremiah Trout, Delaware. 1871, Thomas Lequear, Peter F. Opdycke, King^vood; Egbert T. Bush, Franklin; John K. Large, Readington ; Nelson Abbott, West Am- well ; John B. Fisher, East Amwell; Courtland S. Reynolds, Lam- bertville; Ira C. Harvey, Clinton; William P. Rockhill, Union; Thomas Banghart, Peter A. Beavers, High Bridge. 1872, Nelson Abbott, West Amwell; Jacob S. Dunham, East Amwell; Robert Foster, Theodore J. Huffman, Town of Clinton ; Sylvester H. Smith, Bethlehem; Dr. Jeremiah Hayhurst, Lambertville; John W. Lequear, Kingwood; Joseph W. Tomswn, Alexandria; Jacob Roun- savell, Clement H. Bonnell, Union ; Julius Johnson, Franklin. 1873, John G. Muirhead, Edward B. Holcombe, West Amwell ; Caleb F. Quick, Newton Gary, David Dunham, Raritan; Aaron Thompson, John A. Craig, Readington ; William McConnell, Bethlehem ; David H. Huffman, Clinton ; Conrad P. C. Apgar, Tewksbury ; Clark Pier- son, Lambertville; Everitt Hartpence, Delaware; John Slater, Thomas Palmer, Andrew Roberson, Frenchtown; Jnhn Pierson, Wm, J. Case, Franklin; Natlian Lance, Lebanon; Levi Hixsou, East Am- well ; William Lance, High Bridge. 1874, Isaac B. Manning, Jesse Sinclair, Alexandria; Gideon Moore, Geo. W. A. C. Lundy, Delaware; Moses Bobbins, Erastus C. Bloom, Bethlehem ; Anthony M. Trimmer, Town of Clinton ; Malachi Neigh- bour, High Bridge; Jacob R. Fisher, Tewksbury ; Ira C. Harvey, Clinton ; Edward B. Hulcombe, West Amwell ; Charles A. Skillrnan, Lambeitville; John Geary, Clinton; William V. Cooley, Lamberts Tilla; John B. Woodruff, Bethlehem. 1876, Clark Pierson, William B. Neice, Charles F. Moore, Edward H. Holcombe, William L. Hoppock, Lambertville; John K. Large, Readington ; George G. Alpaugh, Jonathan Potter, Tewksbury ; Wm. P. Rockhill, Mathias McCrea, Union ; Israel S. Curtis, Dr. Henry Race, Alexandria ; DavidHaver, Ira C. Harvey, Clinton ; Richard B. Read- ing, Delaware ; John B. Fisher, East Amwell; Albert P. Williams, Frenchtown; Peter A. Beavers, Thomas Banghart, Benjamin Cole, High Bridge ; Augustus Godley, Holland ; Thomas Lequear, Ezekiel E. Bonhani, Kingwood ; Joseph Bonnell, William V. Prall, Lebanon • Isaac W. Clevenger, William Dean, Lambertville ; Stephen K. Large, Readington. 1877, Wilson M. Rittenhouse, Delawai'e ; Ira Higgins, Levi Holcombe, East Amwell; Bartolette Hann, John C. Amwine, Kingwood ; Hugh Reynolds, Theodore F. Skillrnan, John Purcell, Simeon R. Huselton, Vincent R. Matthews, Lambertville; John P. Brothers, Readington ; George H. Matthews, West Amwell; Oliver H. Huffman, Clinton; Jolin Trimmer, Jr., Franklin ; James Hauu, Frenchtown ; James M. Duckworth, George W. Hager, Joseph Myers, Holland ; John S. Ten Eyck, High Bridge ; Bennett V. Leigh, James R. Kline, Town of Clinton; Joseph A'an Syckol, Union; William Bonnell, Richard Bloom, Alexandria ; Samuel Rinehart, Lebanon. 1S78, George M. Freck, James S. Clark, Clinton; George B. Holcombe, East Amwell ; Reuben Pierson, Charles M. Trimmer, Franklin ; David C. Hough, Joseph C. Wright, John M. VuorheeB, Frenchtown ; George W. llonness. High Bridge; William C. Alpaugh, Peter Hart, Holland ; John H. Horn, Derrick A. Sutphen, Dr. George H. Lara- son, Lambertville; George W. Smith, David Dunham, Hawley C. Olmstead, Raritan ; John N. Sharp, Readington ; Samuel Clark, Tewksbury; Charles E. Barker, Union; John S. Drake, Andrew Holcombe, West Amwell. 1879, Isaac B. Manning, Alexandria ; Moses Bobbins, Sylvester H. Smith, Israel J. Eyears, Bethleiiem; William Johnson, Clinton; Gideon Moore, George W. A. C. Lundy, Delaware ; Julius Johnson, Frank- lin; John B. Jones, William B, Neice, William V. Cooley, Dr. Jere- miah Hayhurst, Lambertville; Tlionias Banghart, Lebanon; John Quick, Asa Suydam, Raritan ; Jacob R. Fisher. John W. Hendereon, Peter T. Alpaugh, Tewksbury ; Anthony M. Trimmer, Town of Clin- ton ; Charles W. Carliart, Union ; Edward B. Holcombe, John Keed, Elisha Sunt, West Amwell; Jesse Sinclair, James C. Bobbins, Hol- land. 1880, George H. Carr, AVest Amwell ; Israel S. Curtis, Alexandria ; Thos. Palmer, Frenchtown ; Jonas Rapp, Holland. COLLECTORS OF THE COUNTY OP HUNTERDON FROM 1739 TO 1797. 1722-23, Capt. Ralph Hunt ; 1734-44, Jos^pli Peace; 1745-47, John Read- ing ; 1748-49, Andrew Reed ; 1750-Gl, John Garrison ; 1754-55, Wil- son Hunt; 1756, Andrew Smith, Jr.; 1757-59, Cornelius Wyckoff; 1759-65, Daniel Reading ;^= 176G-71, Jacob Matteson ; 1772-74, Jona- than Higgins; 1775-78, Joachim Griggs; 1779-82, William Abbott; 17S3-84, Joshua Corshon; 1785-94, Tunis Quick; 1795-97, Daniel Kuhl. The above list of collectors is from the ancient record book of the " Board of Justices and Free- holders of Hunterdon County/' covering the years 1739 to 1797. For the names of the collectors and the clerks of the Board of Chosen Freeholders from 1800 to 1880, given on page 265, we are indebted to William T. Srope, Esq., of Frenchtown, CLERKS OF THE BOARD OF JUSTICES AND FREE- HOLDERS FROM 1739 TO 1797.t 1730-63, Joseph Yard ; 1763-74, Ahraham Hunt; 1774 , Stacy Potts ; 1775, AhrahamHunt; 1776-77, Benjamin Yard; 1778, Jared Sextuu; 1779, Benjamin Yard; 1780, Benjamin Stevens; 1781-82, John Temple; 1783-84, Joshua Corshon ; 1785, John Wyckoff ; 1786, Daniel Agnew ; 1787, Elias Philips; 1788, Jonathan Stevens; 1789, John Philips; 1790, Ralph Philips; 1791, Benjamin Yan Cleve; 1792-97, Julin Lambert. FREEHOLDERS. BETHLEHEM. 1800-1, Clement Bonnell (died Jan. 24,1856, aged ninety) ; 1800-2, Emley Drake; 1802-26, Aaron Vansyckel (died Nov. 28, 1838, aged seventy- four) ; 1803-24, Baltus Stiger (died July 2S, 1830, aged sixty-eiglit); 1825-26, John Lake (died April 16, 1854, aged seventy-eight) ; 1827- * To fill vacancy occasioned by death of Mr. Wyckuff. t Obtained from the only volume extant of their proceedings from the organization of the county, in 1714, to 1800. CIVIL LIST OF HUNTERDON COUNTY. 263 35, George Gano (died April 11, 1849, aged eighty) ; 1828-36, John Yansyckel ; 1827, Enock Clifford (died Sept. 15, 1861, aged eighty- two) ; 183S-;i7, Br. John Blane ; 1837, John Einehart, Sr. (died Aug. 26, 1852, aged eighty-four) ; 1838-39, Joseph Exton (died Feb. 8, 1874, aged eighty-one); 1838, Azai-iah \V. Dunham (died Aug. 28, 1863, aged sixty-one) ; 1839, James Bird (died Dec. 13, 1876, aged eighty) ; 1840, Dr. John Blane ; 1840-42, Alexander V. Bonncll (died Aug. 13, 1872, aged sixty-three); 1841-43, James Bird (died Dec. 13, 1876, aged eighty); 1843-16, John Srope (died April 28, 1869); 1844^6, Sutphin Garrison (died March 16, 1878, aged eighty-six) ; 1846-47, Dr. John Blane; 1847-48, James Bird (died Deo. 13, 1876, aged eighty); 1848, William R. Toung; 1849-50, Dr. John Blane; 1849- 51, William Tinsman ; 1851-63, John McClary ; 1864, Joseph P. Lake ; 1865-56, Andrew Miller (died April 27, 1868, aged sixty) ; 1857-68, Joseph P. Lalie ; 1869-60, William Tinsman ; 1861-62, Moses Barrow ; 1863-65, Joseph W. Willever; 1866-68, William H. Drake; 1809-71, David Qiamberlin; 1872-74, Mathias H. Case; 1876-77, William Bowlby ; 1878, George Bruner. EEADINGTON. 1800-2, Joseph Hankinson; 1800, Peter Scliamp; 1801-16, Dennis Wyckoff; 1803-7, Ezekiel Cole; 1808, Tunis Quick; 1809-11, David Schamp (died April 5, 1839, aged eighty-flve) ; 1812-17, John J. Pit- tenger; 1816, Cornelius Ten Byck (died Jan. 20, 1867); 1817-19, Dennis Wyckoff; 1818, John Thompson ; 1819, Abraham A.Yan Fleet; 1820, Joseph Hankinson ; 1821-22, Abraham A. Van Fleet ; 1822, John Farlee ; 1823-26, John Thompson ; 1827-28, John T. Van Fleet ; 1827, Cornelius G. Lane ; 1828-29, Peter P. Schamp ; 1829, John Baker ; 1830, George W. Scott; 1830-31, John T. Van Fleet; 18.31, Peter P. Schamp; 1832-.33, John Thompson, Cornelius Ten Eyck (died Jan. 20, 1867) ; 1834, Peter P. Schamp, John S. Hoagland; 1836-36, John Hall (died July 3, 1872, aged eighty-four), David D. Schamp (died February, 1864) ; 1837-38, Eobert E. Steele, John M. Wyckoff (died Dec. 12, 1869, aged seventy) ; 1839-40, Peter A. Kline, John S. Hoag- land ; 1841, David 0. Cole ; 1841-42, John Swackhammer (died May 30, 1864, aged seventy-three) ; 1842, Oliver H. Ewing (died Sept. 18, 1871, aged seventy-nine); 1843-44, David 0. Cole, Peter E. Voor- hees (died Oct. 16, 1872, aged sixty-two) ; 1845^6, Oliver H. Ewing (died Sept. 18, 1871, aged seventy-nine), George Hall (died Feb. 10, 1871, aged seventy-three) ; 1847-48, Eynear Rowland, John K. Large (died Sept. 5, 1879, aged sixty-nine) ; 1849-60, Peter S. Dalley, Adrian H. Pickel (died May 25, 1878, aged seventy) ; 1851-52, Abraham A. Brokaw (died July, 1876, aged eighty-six); 1853-64, George A. Schamp; 1856-56, George Hall (died Feb. 10, 1871, aged seventy- three); 1857-58, Jacob G. Schamp ; 1859-61, George W. Vroom; 1862, Jacob Johnson ; 1863-64, Eichard Bellis ; 1866-66, Peter Voorhees ; 1867-68, David D. Schamp, Jr. ; 1869-70, Peter E. Voorhees (died Oct. 1 6, 1872, aged sixty-two) ; 1871, Peter Kline ; 1872, John P. Brothers ; 1873, Peter Kline ; 1874-76, Daniel Brown ; 1876-77, John N. Sharp ; 1878-79, Peter Voorhees ; 1880, Josiab Cole. KINGWOOD. 1800-1, Joseph King, Richard Opdycke; 1802, Samuel Eunk ; 1802-3, Hugh Eunyan; 1803^, Eichard Opdycke; 1804, John Wilson; 1806-7, Hugh Eunyan (died July 11, 1823, aged eighty-flve) ; Thomas Lequear; 1808, John Wilson; 1808-9, DaTiiel Bray; 1810-22, John Britton (died Dec. 27, 1822, aged sixty-one) ; 1810-10, John Little; 1817-20, Jacob Sebold (died Feb. 2, 1853, aged ninety-two) ; 1821-22, William Voorhees; 182.3-26, Johnson Eunyan (died Jan. 29, 1852, aged seventy) ; 1823, Wilson Bray ; 1824, Jonathan Britton ; 1825- 30, John Bnnk; 1826-27, Peter Sigler (died Nov. 9, 1863, aged seventy-seven); 1828-29, Wilson Bray (died Nov. 22, 1860, aged lifty-seven) ; 1830-33, Edward Welsted (died April 27, 1844, aged sixty) ; 1831, Eichard Barcroft (died Nov. 18, 1833, aged thirty-five) ; 1832-33, John Eunk (died Sept. 22, 1872. aged eighty-two) ; 1834, William Nixon (died Feb. 11 , 1839, aged sixty-three) ; 1834-38, Joseph Opdycke (died Dec. 24, 1846, aged fifty-flve) ; 1835, Eichard Cox (died November, 1841) ; 1836, John Majors (died Nov. 12, 1839, aged forty-six) ; 1837-42, Jacob E. Fox (died Jan. 19, 1849, aged fifty-four) ; 1839-40, William Snyder (died Jan. 29, 1863, aged seventy-two) ; 1841, Jonae Bosenbury (died January, 1866) ; 1842, David Hulsizer (died March 28, 1862, aged eighty-one) ; 1843, Edward Mason (died Oct. 30, 1865, aged sixty nine) ; 1843-44, Opdycke Arnwine ; 1844, John Allen (died Aug. 17, 1868. aged sixty-six) ; 1845^7. Moses Boberson; 1846- 46, Nathaniel Britton (died Feb. 14, 1866, aged fifty-eight) ; 1847-49, John Sine (died Aug. 12, 1877, aged seventy) ; 1848, Amplius B. Chamberlin (died May 9, 1879, aged seventy-two); 1849, John L. Larason (died Oct. 3, 1866, aged seventy) ; 1860, Mahlon Emmons ; 1850, Francis Myres (died Dec. 6, 1862, aged fifty-seven); 1861-52, Samuel H. Britton (died Sept. 7, 1860," aged sixty-one) ; 1853, William H. Slater ; 1854r-56, Isaac E. Srope (died April 14, 1802, aged sixty) ; 1867, Joseph Lair ; 1 868-60, Wesley Bellis ; 1801-63, George T. Srope ; 1864-66, John Kugler; 1867-69, Oliver Clark ; 1870-72, William Eit- tenhouse ; 1873-76, William B. Hockenbury ; 1876-77, Paul C. Larue ; 1878, Peter Polhemus. EAEITAN. 1838, Joseph Case, Jacob Voorhees (died Feb. 11, 1870, aged eighty-two) ; 1839-41, John B. Mattison (died Februarj', 1862) ; 1839-42, Jonas Moore (died Oct. 11, 1880, aged eighty-one) ; 1842-43, John Marlow (died Oct. 9, 1868, aged seventy) ; 1843-44, Mahlon Fisher (died Dec. 29, 1874, aged sixty-five); 1844-40, Jacob Eockafellow; 1845^6, Thomas Cheri-y (died Jan. 16, 1878) ; 1847-49, Alexander V. Bonnell (died Aug. 13,1872, aged sixty-three) ; 1847, William E. Eisler ; 1848, William H. Johnson (died March 31,1872, aged seventy-four) ; 1849- 60, Wm. M. Bellis; 1860, Joseph H. Eeading (died Oct. 21, 1867, aged forty-four) ; 1851-63, John H. Capner ; 1854, Kobert Thatcher ; 1866- 66, Richard Emmons; 1867-58, Robert Thatcher ; 1859-60, William R. Risler ; 1861, Gershom 0. Sergeant ; 1862, William R. Eisler ; 1863-64, Gerehom C. Sergeant; 1865-66, Eobert Thatcher; 1867-68, Oliver Kugler ; 1869-70, John B. Eockafellow ; 1871, Henry Britton ; 1872- 74, Jacob Case; 1876-76, Isaac Smith (died Feb. 22, 1877); 1877, Wilson J. Leigh : 1878-79, William E. Eisler; 1880, Wilson J.Leigh. WEST AMWELL. 1846, Charles Holcombe; 1846-49, Joseph Phillips (died Jan. 10,1874, aged eighty) ; 1847-48, Thomas B. Ctirr (died Aug. 28, 1860) ; 1849- 51, Alexander P. Holcombe; 1850-64, Joseph Matthews (died Oct. 14, 1877, aged eighty-one); 1855, Charles Wilson; 1856-69, Isaac Matthews ; 1860-62, Cornelius H. Eose ; 1863-65, Joseph Q. Farley ; 1866-68, Charles Wilson; 1869-71, George H. Matthews; 1872-74, Peter S. Pidcock ; 187.5-77, Bloomfleld Blackwell ; 1878, James 0. Packenthall. TOWN OF CLINTON. 1865-72, George Gulick (died March 7, 1880, aged flfty-six); 1873-75, Bloomfleld Leigh ; 1876-79, Watson Corsen ; 1880, John S. Madison. HIGH BRIDGE. 1871-73, Peter A. Beavers; 1874-75, Amos A. Apgar; 1876-77, John T. Lance; 1878, John T. Dorland. AMWELL. 1800, Arthur Gray ; 1800-11, Joseph Lambert ; 1801, Joseph Ott ; 1802-11, Moses Stout; 1812, Samuel L. Southard (died June 26,1842, aged fifty -five) ; 1812-15, Peter Fisher ; 1813-16, James S. Manners (died 1851) ; 1816-21, Samuel Barber ; 1817-25, Abraham E. Sutphin; 1822- 24, Derrick Hoagland (died Dec. 17, 1835, aged eighty-five) ; 1825, Jacob Hoagland ; 1820, Charles Bonnell (died March 24, 1830, aged thirty-four) ; 1826-28, Joseph Holcombe ; 1827-31, Caleb Moore (died Jan. 14, 1835, aged thirty); 1829-30, James S. Sutphin; 1831-33, Abraham Gulick (died April 27, 1866, aged sixty-eiglit) ; 1832, John Hoppock (died July 12, 1866, aged eighty-two) ; 1833-34, John H. Ott (died Dec. 29, 1846, aged fifty-three) ; 1834^36, Eichard Sked (died Jan. 26, 1841) ;' 18.35-36, John Hoppock (died July 12, 1866, aged eighty- two) ; 1S37, James J. Fisher ; 1837-39, John R. Toung (died 1860) ; 1838-40, Israel Wilson (died Aug. 1, 1866, aged seventy-one) ; 1840-43, Israel Higgins (died May 20, 1866, aged seventy-one) ; 1841, Peter T. Lowe ; 1842-44, John E. Young (died 1860) ; 1844-45, Charles Hol- combe'; 1845, David S. Ott (died Dec. 11, 1851, aged sixty-ona). LAMBEETVILLE. 1849-60, Thomas B. Carr (died Aug. 28, 1860, aged fifty) ; 1849-51, John Lambert ; 1852, Dr. Samuel Lilly (died April 3, 1880, aged sixty-flve) ;. 1863-66, John Lambert; 1857-60, Dr. Samuel Lilly; 1861, Ingham Coryell'; 1862, John Runk (died Sept. 22, 1872, aged eighty-two); 1863-65,'Dr. Samuel Lilly ; 1866-68, John H. Wilson ; 1869, Augustus C. Barber : 1870, Vincent R. Matthews ; 1871,* Augustus C. Barber ; 1872-74, James Bird ; 1872, Stacy B. Bray, Dr. Samuel Lilly ; 1873- 76 Neh'emiah Green ; 1873, John Huriey ; 1874-76, Levi Reynolds ; 1875-77, Joseph H. Boozer; 1876-78, Preston B. Goodfellow; 1877- 79, Jam'es Callan ; 1878-80, Jonas J. Woi-man ; 1879, Joseph Smith; 1880, John Foran, Charles Frank Hart. *Dividediiito three wards, and one freeholder from each ward after 1871. 264 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. LEBANON. 1800-2, William Hazlett, Balph Hunt ; 1803, David Frazer, Henry Du- senbuiy; ISO'l-lS, Ralph Hunt; 1805, Silas Waters; 1807, John Gulick; 1808-11, Frederick Eiitts; 1812-18, Morris Fritts (died June 30, 1S36, aged sixty-six) ; 1814-15, Herbert Hummer; 181 6-17, A\'illiam Johnson ; 1818, Henry Aller(died March 21, 1855, aged ninety-two) ; 1819-20, Kalpb Hunt, Andrew Banghart (died Aug. 23, 185G, aged seventy-six) ; 1821-29, Morris Fritts (died June 30, 1836, aged sixty- six) ; 1821-22, Henry Aller (died March 21, 1855, aged ninety-two); 1827, John W. Bray; 1828-31, John Eockafellow (died March 27, 1848, aged fifty-nine) ; 1830, William Alpaugh, Sr. ; 1831-33, Andrew Banghart ; 1832-33, John H. Huffman (died Jan. 19, 1869) ; 1834, Joseph Beavers ; 1834-35, John C. Weart ; 1835, Peter F. Baylor (died Aug. 22, 1875) ; 1836-37, Joseph Beaver, Jesse Runklo ; 1838-39, John P. Tawger (died Feb. 26, 1S58, aged fifty-six); 1838-40, John Eock- afellow; 1840^1, William B. Prall (died Jan. 19, 1878, aged eighty); 1841, Joseph Beavers; 1842, David P. Srope (died March 29, 1876, aged eighty-eight) ; 1842^3, Jacob Johnson ; 184.3^4, Joseph Beavers; 1844-45, Peter F. Baylor (died Aug. 22, 1876); 1845-46, Abraham Lunger; 1846^7, Jacob Johnson ; 1847-48, Henry Slater (died 1871) ; 1848, David Johnson ; 1849-50, Morris Fritts, William C. Beavei-s ; 1851, D,avid Johnson ; 1862-53, Elias Fritts (died Sept. 6, 1863, aged foiiy-six) ; 1854-56, John S. Smith ; 1856-57, Thomas Banghart; 1859, William C. Beavers; 1860-01, John Hill (died Aug. 30,1870): 1862-63, John Eveland ; 1864-65, John A. Smith; 1866, Ambrose Fritts (died Sept. 10, 1880, aged fifty-nine) ; 1867-68, David H. Banghart ; 1869-70, William A. Melick ; 1871-73, Joseph Bon- nell ; 1874-76, Jacob Hipp ; 1877-79, Peter Martenis ; 1880, Jacob Hill. TEWKSBUBT. 1800, Abraham Vandyke; 1800-14, John Haas (died April, 1846); 1801- 16, Jacob Kline; 1815-16, Oliver W. Ogden (died November, 1839) ; 1817-19, John Haas ; 1817, Henry Miller ; 1818-19, John McKinstry ; 1820-23, Jonathan Potter; 1820, Henry Miller; 1821-23, John Mc- Kinstry; 1824-29, Jolm Haas; 1S24-26, Mathiaa Lane; 1827-29, John McKinstry; 1830-31, Mathias Lane, John Crater; 1832, Joshua Farley ; 1832-35, Joseph Hoffman (died Oct. 1, 1860, aged seventy-six); 1833, John McKinstry; 1834r-:i5, Peter R. Fisher; 1836-39, Frederick Apgar (died September, 1877) ; 1836-38, Nickolas Wykotf; 1839-40, George Henry; 1840^3, Philip Hiler (died May 11, 1871, aged eighty-two) ; 1841-13, Nickolaa Emelick (died Jan. 23, 1872, aged eighty-four) ; 1845,* Nickolaa Apgar, Philip Hann ; 1846-47, Oliver W. Farley, John B. Brown (died May 28, 1863, aged sixty-four) ; 1848-49, William P. Alpaugh, James N. Bamsey ; 1850, Andrew Vansyckel ; 1850-52, John C. Bafferty ; 1853, Henry J. Stevens; 1854, John C. Bafferty; 1855-56, James N. Bamsey; 1857-58, William Kick; 1859, Bichard Hoffman; 1860-62, Serring Potter; 1863-04, Samuel Olark; 1865, Serring Potter (died July 23, 1880, aged eighty); 1806-67, David F. Apgar; 1868-69, Wil- liam P. Alpaugh ; 1870-71, William Eick ; 1872-73, Joseph C. Far- ley; 1874^75, John Rinehart, Jr. ; 1876-77, George G. Alpaugh (died Dec. 6, 1877); 1877, John Einehart, Jr. (to fill vacancy); 1878, Jacob A. Speoht; 1879, Joseph 0. Farley. ALEXANDEIA. 1800, David Everitt; 1800-2, William Godley; 1801, Luther Opdycke; 1802, Dr. William McGill {died June 23, 1815, aged forty-seven); 1803-9, Luther Opdycke; 1803-8, John Case (died June 4, 1856, aged eighty-five) ; 1809, Jacob Vanderbelt (died March 26, 1835, aged sixty) ; 1810-12, Jacob Housel ; 1810-11, Jeremiah Hotf ; 1812, Henry Eckle (died Aug. 24, 1830, aged forty-eight); 1813-14, Dr. William McGill; 1813, Benjamin Wright (died Feb. 9, 1826, aged seventy- nine); 1814-22, Paul Henry Mallet Prevost (died Jan. 6, 1839, aged seventy-nine); 1815-19, David Everitt; 1 820-22, Josiah Prall ; 1823, George Maxwell (died Aug. 12, 1834, aged sixty); 1823-30, Henry Eckle; 1824-31, James Larason (died July 25, 1848, aged eighty- three) ; 1831-33, Cornelius Ludlow (died Nov. 24, 1836, aged forty- two); 1832, Hall Opdycke; 1833, Nathaniel Wright (died March 1, 1868, aged eighty-two); 1834-35, James Larason ; 1834-36, Jolm Bon- nell (died June 25, 1861, aged eighty-three); 1836-37, John Eckle (died Dec. 4, 1837) ; 1837-38, Peter Tinsman ; 1838-39, Edward Hunt (died Nov. 1, 1874) ; 1839-10, John Bonnell ; 1840, Solomon Welder (died September, 1875); 1841-42, Henry Kels (died Feb. 19, 1870, aged eighty-three); 1841^3, Peter Alpaugh (died Dec. 7, 1868, aged * Set off in 1844 to Somerset County. seventy-six); 1643-45, Jonas Thatcher; 1844, Charles Vorhis ; 1845- 47, David Coughlin (died Deo. 28, 1869, aged sixty-four); 1846-48, James Dalrymple (died Dec. 15, 1865, aged eighty) ; 1848, Mathias Bunn, Garret Lair; 1849-50, George G. Lunger; 1850, George Hill (died June 7, 1863, aged seventy-six); 1851-52, John Apgar; 1853, James M. Duckworth; 1864, David Coughlin; 1855-57, William Bunn; 1858, David Coughlin; 1859-61, William C. Alpaugh; 1862- 64, Joseph J. Scarborough (died Nov. 7, 1876, aged seventy-six); 1865-67, Samuel V. Eckle; 1868-70, Enoch H. Opdycke; 1871-73, Isaac M. Swope ; 1874-76, Philip Apgar ; 1877-79, Samuel B. Piokel ; 3880, Charies E. Stull. DELAWAEE. 1838-39, James J. Fisher (died Oct. 3, 1870, aged eighty-six); 1838-43, James Snyder (died June 14, 1874, aged eighty-six) ; 1840-42, Abra- ham Conover ; 1843-44, Amplius B. Chamberlin (died May 9, 1879, aged seventj'-two) ; 1844-40, John S. Wilson (died May. 1851) ; 1845-4C, Jeremiah Smith ; 1847, Acker Moore, Jacob Godown; 1848, Jeremiah Smith; 1848-49, Eohert Dilts; 1849, John Dilts ; 1850, Peter Eocka- fellow, Acker Moore ; 1851-53, Andrew B. Eittenhouse (died Sept. 22, 1872) ; 1854, Charles B. Everitt ; 1865-57, Joseph B. Case (died July 23, 1870, aged flfty-nine); 1858-60, David Jackson (died Feb. 17, 1878); 1861-62, Amos Thatcher (died June 21, 1862, aged forty-one) ; 1862- 63, Andrew B. Eittenhouse; 1864-66, Daniel B. Sharp; 1867-69, George N. Holcombe; 1870-75, Joseph Smith ; 1876-78, Jonathan M. Dilts; 1879, William Aller. UNION. 1853-55, Cornelius B. Sheets ; 1856-57, Gardner Housel ; 1858-59, Peter E. Williamson (died Nov. 8, 1878, aged seventy); 1860-61, Abraham H. Housel; 1862-67, John P. Lair (died Nov. 24, 1871, aged fifty- eight); 1868-69, George G. Lunger; 1870-71, Asher S. Housel (died July 28,1880, aged seventy. four); 1S72-74, George G. Lunger; 187.J- 77, Sylvester Taylor; 1878-80, William P. Sinclair (died Oct. 20, 1880). CLINTON. 1841-42, Peter H. Huffman (died March 6, 1867, aged seventy-three) ; 1841-43, John Eockafellow (died March 27, 1848, aged fifty-nine) ; 1843-44, Joseph Fritts (died March 2, 1877, aged seventy-seven); 1S44-45, Jacob M. Kline ; 1845-46, Peter H. Aller (died April 3, 1876); 1846^7, John Bockafellow; 1S47-48, Jacob H. Huffman (died Mov. 21, 1863, aged fifty-six) ; 184,'i-49, Peter P. Huffman (died April 24, 1860, aged fifty) ; 1849-50, Peter H. Aller; 1850-51, Samuel Grov- endycke (died June 19, 1864, aged fifty-eight) ; 1852-53, John B. Kline (died May, 1850) ; 1854-55, Pearson Atchley; 1856-57, William Cr eager; 1858-59, John H. Bockafellow; 1800-61, Peter F. Huffman; 1862-63, Peter A. Beavers ; 1864, George Gulick (died March 7, ISSO, aged fifty-six) ; 1866-66, John C. Cramer ; 1807-68, Isaac Aller ; 1869, Phineas K. Apg.ar; 1870, John Vandoren; 1871-72, John N. Storr; 1873-74, James N. Bamsey ; 1876-70, Michael Shurts ; 1877-78, David K. Huffman ; 1879, Anderson J. Probasco. FEANKLIN. 1845^6, Theodore Holcombe; 1846, Daniel Little; 1846Hi7, Philip Shafer, (died April 28, 1861, aged fifty-nine); 1847-48, Daniel Little; 1848- 49, Joseph G. Case (died August, 1855) ; 1849-50, William R. Yoiing ; 1850-51, Christopher Case (died Aug. 12, 1877, aged eighty-one) ; 1862 -63, Philip Shafer ; 1854^55, William Snyder (died Jan. 29, 1863, aged seventy-two) ; 1856-57, John J. Anderson ; 1858-69, Ishi Butler ; 1860- 61, Thomas G. G. W. Larue (died Jnne 7, 1866, aged forty) ; 1862, Wil- liam Large ; 1863-64, Daniel Little ; 1865-66, Theodore Probasco ; 1867-68, Jacob S. Pierson ; 1869-70, Cornelius G. Aller ; 1871-72, Lemuel B. Myres ; 1873-74, John Trimmer, Jr. ; 1875-76, William J. Case; 1877-78, Beuben Pierson; 1870, James W. Hummer. EAST AMWELL. 1846, Jacob S. AVilliamson (died Aug. 8, 1860, aged forty-flve); 1846-48, Abraham T. Williamson ; 1847^9, Jacob S. Manners ; 1849-51, Noah HixBon ; 1860-63, Levi Hixson (died Nov. 6, 1878) ; 1854-67, Simpson S. Sked (died July 27, 1868) ; 1858-60, Samuel W. Dilts (died Fob. 22, 1874, aged sixty-five) ; I8G1-62, Ealph Sutphen; 1863-65, Noah Hix- son ; 1866-68, John C. Duriiam ; 1809-71, John B. Dalrymple ; 1872- 74, Edwin H.Durham; 1875-76, William Sutphen; 1877-79, David Nevius; 1880, Peter W. Shepperd (died May 0, 1880), Silas Nona- maker. FKENCHTOWN. 1867-68, Bryan Hough ; 1868, Eeuben K. Neice, Keubeu E. Wright j 1869, Moses K. Everitt; 1870, Samuel Bockafellow; 1871-72, Gabriel H. =3 s © © m m J J 6= Ibl) ii a (S) © @ @ 1^ CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 2^^ Slater; 1873-74, Edward B. KaohUne; 1875-76, Adam S. Horing; 1877-78, Henry Loux; 1879, John L. Slack. HOLLAND. 1874-76, George W. Vansyckel; 1877, Watson Smith; 1879,* Jesse Sin- clair. DIRECTORS OF THE BOARD OF CHOSEN FREE- HOLDERS. 1800-2, Joseph Haukinson ; 1803, Hugh Bunyan ; 1804, Richard Opdyke; 1805, Hugh Eunyan ; 1806-9, Aaron Vansyckle ; 1810-11, Ealph Hunt; 1812, Samuel L. Southard ; 1813-27, James Stevenson ; 1828-38, David Stout ; 1839, Joseph Exton ; 1840-41, John B. Mattison ; 1842, Alex- ander T. Bonnell ; 1843, James Snyder ; 1844, Amplius B. Chamber- lin; 1845, Jacoh M. Kline ; 1846, John Eockafellow ; 1847-49, Alex- ander V. Bonnell ; 1850, Dr. John Blane ; 1851-62, John C. Kafferty ; 1853, Andrew B. Kittenhouse ; 1854, John Lambert; 1855, Simpson S. Sked; 1856, John Lamhert; 1857-60, Dr. Samuel Lilly; 1861, George W. Vroom ; 1862, John Bunk ; 1863-65, Dr. Samuel Lilly ; 1866, Eobert Thatcher; 1867-72, George Gnllck; 1873-74, James Bird; 1875-76, George W. Vansyckel; 1877, Joseph H. Boozer; 1878- 79, Samuel B. Pickel ; 1880, George Bruner. CLERKS OP THE BOARD OF CHOSEN FREE- HOLDERS. 1800-2, John Lamliert (died Feb. 4, 1823, aged seventy-seven) ; 1803, Dennis Wyokoff; 1804r-7, Nathan Price (died Oct. 16, 1842, aged sev- enty-two) ; 1808, William Maxwell ; 1808-9, Nathaniel Saxton (died August, 1850) ; 1810-19, Thomas Gordon (died Sept. 26, J818, aged forty) ; 1820-32, Thomas Capner (died Sept. 7, 1832, aged sixty-three) ; 1833, Andrew Miller ; 1834, James N. Reading ; 1836-37, Dr. Thomas L.Woodruff; 1838, Joseph Besson (died March 18, 1849, aged forty- nine) ; 1839, Asa Jones (died Jan. 27, 1874, aged eighty-threo) ; l«io -43, Hart Wilson ; 1844, John Eockafellow (died April, 1848) ; 1845- 46, Alexander V. Bonnell (died Aug. 13, 1872, aged sixty-threi-) ; 1847-49, Andrew Van Syckel; 1860-62, Charles BobertS; 1863, Charles Tomlinson (died Aug. 6, 1876, aged flfty-six) ; 1B64, Andrew B. Bounsavall ; 1855, John 0. Beed (died Aug. 18, 1863, aged thirty- three); 1856-67, Andrew B. Bounsavall; 1868-61, Biohard H.Wil- son; 1862-64, William T. Srope; 1866-07, Edward M. Heath; 1808- 70, Charles Alpaugh ; 1871-73, Henry M. Vliet; 1874^76, John W. Dilts; 1877-79, John 0. Beeves; 1880, William D. Bloom. COUNTY COLLECTORS. 1800-1, Paul Kuhl (died Nov. 26, 1B25, aged eighty-flve); 1802-7, John Lequear (died Nov. 16, 1828, aged eighty-four) ; 1808-19, Alexander Bonnell (died Aug. 4, 1819, aged forty-one) ; 1820-39, Asher Atkin- son (died Jan. 29, 1857, aged eighty-seven) ; 1840-44, Joseph Besson (died March 18, 1849, aged forty-nine) ; 1846-47, Mahlon Fisher (died Dec. 29, 1874, aged sixty-five ; 1848-50, Asa Jones (died Jan. 27, 1874, aged eighty-three) ; 1851-53, George G. Lunger ; 1864, Adam Bellis ; 1855, John K. Large (died Sept. 6, 1879, aged sixty-nine) ; 1866-67, Adam Bellis ; 1858-61, Peter S. Dalley; 1862-66, William Tiusman; 1866-69, John H. Bockafellow; 1870-72, Samuel Binehart; 1873-75, Fisher Pidcock ; 1876-78, Joseph Smith ; 1879, William W. Swayze. CITY OF LAMBEBTVILLE. Lambeetvillb, tlie largest town in Hunterdon County, distant about 16 miles from Trenton and 12 ftom Flemington, is pleasantly situated on the east bank of the Delaware Eiver, on a narrow plain bounded on the east by a succession of hills which sweep around in an elliptical curve from the river at a little distance north' of the town to a point imme- diately south of it. The town, however, is gradually growing beyond this narrow plain, so as to include what is now known as Cottage Hill. Goat Hill, which quite shuts in the town to the south, is part of the trap-ridge, which extends as far east as the Sourland Mountain. About a mile north of the place there is another ridge of the same species of rock, which is lost to view a few miles east of the Delaware Eiver. In a line with Goat Hill, which, with the hills on the opposite side of the river, forms the " Narrows," are the rapids known for more than a century as Wells' Falls. The rush of the water, the massive rocks, and the wild, precipitous sides of the adjacent hills present a scene strikingly picturesque. The hills immediately to the east and southeast of the town are quite hold and abrupt, but those to the northeast and north rise up with a gentle acclivity. From these hills there are extensive and beautiful views of the surrounding country. From the most elevated points near the town may * Set back to Alexandria March 4, 1878 ; set off again March 6, 1879. + By P. A. Studdiford, D.D. 18 be seen the range of the Orange Mountain, nearly 30 miles away, Pickel's Mountain, near the White House station, in the upper part of this county, and distant about 25 miles, and, at about the same distance to the northwest, the Haycock Mountain, in Pennsylvania. Few places have more picturesque surroundings than has Lambertville, and the wonder is that it has not attracted more of the attention of the lovers of fine scenery. The first people in this, region of country of whom we have any knowledge were the red men who styled themselves the Lenni Lenape (which means "the original people"). They were familiarly known among the whites as the Delawares. This name was naturally given them because the river Delaware was in the central part of their possessions. In 1705, when John Holcombe, of Abington, Pa., made his first purchase here, this region was all a wil- derness. There was no clearing and no road, — only an Indian path extending from the Neshaminy, in Pennsylvania, to the Indian encampments along the Raritan, in New Jersey. This path was almost identical with the present York Eoad. It passed up near the bed of the brook at the head of York Street, and so led on nearly, if not quite, in the line of the present road until, within a short distance of Mount Airy, it turned a little more to the right, striking what is now the York Eoad just beyond the Alexauke'n. The whole lowland where Lambertville is situated. 266 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. from the nature of the soil, was quite likely heavily timbered with oak, walnut, beech, and maple. The surrounding forests were full of game. Along these hills the wolf and the bear roamed, while the panther and the wild-cat with feline instinct stealthily crouched for their prey, and the deer browsing on the foliage of the thick underbrush presented an inviting mark to the unerring arrow of the Indian. Foxes, red and gray, the otter and the beaver, were also to be found. Even as late as 1748 there were panthers in this region, as we learn from Smith's " History of New Jersey." In Col. W. W. Davis' "History of Bucks Co., Pa.," it is stated that the last wolf killed in that county was caught in Plumstead about the year 1800. As there was plenty of game in the forests, so there was plenty of fish in the river and in its tributaries. Sturgeon, it is likely, were quite as numerous as shad are now, and shad came in immense shoals. Even as late as the early part of this century an old resident of Lambertville informs us that there were caught in one haul, just below Frenchtown, two thousand seven hundred shad. There was an abundance of striped bass (or rock-fish) and perch, and of all the species of fish now to be found, with the exception of black bass, which have lately been put into the river. Such was the condition of the country at the time of its first settlement by the whites. In consequence of a treaty made with the Indian chiefs Eimhammoe and Coponnocken, the council of proprietors, at a meeting held in Burlington, June 27, 1703, declared a third dividend of land, which em- braced the country in this vicinity. Among the first who took up lands in this vicinity under the grant of the council of proprietors were Benjamin Field, Robert Dimsdale, William Biddle, John Reading (father of the colonial Governor of that name), Gilbert Wheeler, Richard Bull, and John Clark. Benjamin Field had conveyed to him 5000 acres of land in two tracts, — namely, one, of 2000 acres, north of the Society's line drawn eastwardly, that is, the line which is now the boundary between Hunterdon and Mercer Counties, and which was the northern boundary of what was known as the Society's 30,000 acres ; the other, of 3000 acres, lying in the vicinity of the Alias Hocking (Alexauken) Brook, and having one of its corners near an Indian town called Wisha- lamenty. The site of this Indian town is thought, from a careful comparison of the old surveys, to have been somewhere between the Rock Methodist Epis- copal church and the York Road. These two tracts purchased by Benjamin Field were parts of the orig- inal purchase made of the Indians by Adlord Boude. Field's grant was made to him May 19, 1701. Robert Dimsdale bought extensive tracts of land to the east of this place, the western boundary of which was about a mile from the Delaware River. John Calow's tract embraced the farm now owned by John V. C. Barber, which fronts on the river and lies immediately north of Lambertville and partly within its limits, and on both sides of the Alex- auken. The farm which is now the property of John C. Holcombe, and which adjoins the Calow tract on the north, was conveyed to William Biddle, of Burling- ton County, in 1705, by the council of proprietors. John Reading took up lands near what is now known as Prallsville. He sat at the meeting of the council of proprietors held in Burlington in 1703, at which meeting measures were adopted for the disposal of the land above the Falls of the Delaware. From the very interesting historical sketch of the Presby- terian Church at Flemington, written by the pastor, the Rev. George S. Mott, D.D., we learn that "John Reading, with his wife Elizabeth, came from England to this country previous to the year 1685, and settled in the town of Gloucester, in West Jersey." He bought a warrant for the location of 4000 acres. A part of this grant he took up for himself For the remainder he sold warrants to individuals, who either had their lands duly surveyed and conveyed to them- selves, or in turn sold their warrants to others. In 1704, John Reading sold a warrant to James Paget for 200 acres. In virtue of this, Paget took posses- sion of a tract which, fronting on the Delaware, was bounded, as nearly as can be ascertained, on the north by the " Bull line," so called from a celebrated sur- veyor of that day, and on the south by a line which, extending due east to a point a mile from the river, passes through the site of the Presbyterian church, and thence diagonally through Church Street. John Reading sold a warrant to Richard Bull for large tracts of land. In virtue of this warrant Bull surveyed and took possession of 100 acres immediately north of the Paget tract, just mentioned. This tract, thus bounded on the south by the aforementioned " Bull line," was bounded on the north by a line a little above Perry Street and nearly parallel to it. The "Bull line," several times mentioned in old deeds, begins at the river at a point near the mill for- merly Wert's saw-mill, now a part of the estate of the late William Cowin, and passes just south of the Methodist Episcopal church, thence a little north of the old brewery, thence over the hill to a boundary- stone in the York Road, and thence along the east side of Holcombe's grove to the distance of a mile from the river. John Clark's land, as appears from old deeds, was southeast of this town. Gilbert Wheeler's tract, of 250 acres which fronted on the river, was immediately between the lands of John Calow on the north and those of Richard Bull on the south. The tract of land south of that supposed to be Paget's seems to have been from the first settlement of this part of the country, or at least from a very early date, in the possession of John Coates, inasmuch CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 26Y as he owned the ferry property, and hence the ferry was called by his name. South of the ferry tract were probably the lands owned by Neill Grant, which in that case extended over Cottage Hill and Goat Hill. As to this, however, as well as to the exact location of the Paget's tract, there is much that is conjectural. Some of the original surveys do not fit together ; in some instances they seem contradictory. Mr. Martin Coryell, to whom the writer of this historical sketch is indebted for very valuable assistance, has. carefully examined these surveys, but, while finding no diffi- culty in locating some of them, has not been able, in regard to others, to arrive at any positive conclusion. In the deed given to John Holcombe, Bull's tract is mentioned as bounded on the south " by lands for- merly belonging to Hugh Howell, now owned by Robert Eaton.'' But no trace of any subsequent conveyance of Eaton's land can be found. This tract, however, was subsequently in possession of John Emanuel Coryell, and the deed made out to him for the land which for- merly belonged to Paget, and for which Paget had purchased a warrant from John Reading, when com- pared with other deeds of property conveyed to Cor- yell, seem to justify the supposition that Paget's tract was identical with that which had been Eaton's. Here there is a contradiction, but the writer knows not how to remove it. No doubt there were, more frequently then than now, defective titles, and the lands forfeited were probably remanded to the council of proprietors, who resold them as to original pur- chasers. About the tracts north of the " Bull line" there is no room for doubt, as their boundaries are made per- fectly plain in the original deeds. Taking, then, these several tracts in their order, — those the location of which is certainly known, and those as to the bounds of which there can be only plausible conjecture, — beginning with William Bid- die's land on the north (now the farm of John C. Holcombe), the next in order is John Calow's, then Gilbert Wheeler's, then Richard Bull's, then James Paget's, then John Coates', and last Neill Grant's, while east of these several tracts is that of Robert Dimsdale, farther east and northeast Benjamin Field's, and southeast John Clark's. Gilbert Wheeler and Richard Bull sold the above- mentioned tracts to Richard Wilson, of Bucks Co., Pa. On the 16th of November, 1705, Wilson sold them to John Holcombe, of Abington, Pa. On May 29, 1733, Holcombe bought of John Wey, of Long Island, the land known as the Calow tract, and subse- quently the farm to the north of this of William Biddle. When John Holcombe moved here from Abington we are not informed, but probably it was not long after his purchase. The tradition respecting the Holcombes is that they came originally from Devonshire, England. There are three branches of the family in this country,— one branch in Connecticut, one in New Jersey and Penn- sylvania, and one in Virginia.* Another conjecture as to the Holcombes who first settled in this vicinity is that, being members of the Society of Friends, they may have come directly from England in company with other members of that so- ciety. Jacob Holcombe, brother of the John Hol- combe who settled here, we learn from Col. W. W. Davis' " History of Bucks County," was one of the first settlers of Buckingham township, which was then included in what is now known as Solebury. About the year 1700 he made an original purchase of .500 acres near the Great Spring, where he resided, so far as can be ascertained, until his death. He survived his brother John, and was an executor of his estate, his brother's wife, Elizabeth, being an executrix. Frequent mention is made of the Holcombes in the records of the Buckingham's Friends' Meeting. So far back as 1728 the name of Jacob Holcombe appears on a marriage certificate. In the records of 1735 we find the names of John, Thomas, and Samuel Holcombe. The certificate of the marriage of Samuel Wilson, of Am- well, and Rebecca Canby, of Buckingham, in 1730, has initslistof signers the name of John Holcombe. Other certificates bear as witnesses the names of Mary, Re- becca, and Susanna Holcombe. The only descendant of Jacob Holcombe of whom we have any knowledge is John Dilts, of Lambertville. From John Holcombe, the brother of Jacob, are descended all the Holcombes in this part of New Jersey, and in the immediate vicinity in Pennsylvania. He married Elizabeth Woolrich, of Abington, Pa., in February, 1707. She was an active and influential member of the Society of Friends. John Holcombe left five children, — viz., Samuel, Grace (married Philip Colvin), Mary (married Samuel Furman), Julia Ann (married Daniel Howell), and Richard. Samuel, the elder son, after his marriage, removed to the farm which was owned, not many years ago, by his grandson, and now belongs to the Hudint estate. In Samuel's last will and testament his wife's Chris- tian name is given as Eleanor. He had seven sons and two daughters, — namely, John, Jacob, Samuel, George, Elijah, Richard, Thomas, Phebe, and Eliza- beth. Maj. Emley Holcombe, whose name will be further mentioned in this historical sketch, was a grandson of Samuel, and son of Richard. He early commenced ■ * One of the Connecticut branch— William Fredeiiolc Holcombe, M.r., a resident of tlie city of New York, who has given much attention to" the liistory of his family— says that there was a Thomas Holcombe, the owner of a house in Dorchester, Mass., where he resided as early as 1633 ■ that in 1635 he sold it to one Thomas Jones and removed to Wind- sor Conn., where he died in 1657. He further says that there was a John Holcombe residing in Springfield, Mass., in 1673, but subsequently to that date no trace of him can be found. He may have removed to Pennsylvania and have been the father of John and Jacob Holcombe, ■who settled, the one liere, the other near what is known as the Great Spring. This, however, is entirely conjectural. As to the Virginia Holcombes, the doctor informs us that he can find no date of births antecedent to 1686. 2fi8. HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. mercantile business in Lambertville, and resided here until his death. A granddaughter of Samuel Holcomhe, Mrs. Grace Britton, died in Lambertville, in the spring of 1880, in the one hundred and second year of her age. The will of Samuel Holcomhe was admitted to pro- bate Sept. 21, 1769. His wife, Eleanor, Samuel, his third son, and his only brother, Eichard, were the ex- ecutors of the will. Richard, just mentioned, the younger son of John Holcomhe, the first known settler here, married twice. Hi s first wife was Mary Harvey, by whom he had one child, — a daughter. His second wife was the Widow Emley, whose maiden name was Atkinson. By her he had two children, — a son and a daughter. Among the early settlers whose descendants are still living in this locality, the next family in order of time is that of the Coryells. After the Eevocation of the Edict of Nantes the family of Coryells left their home in that part of France which borders on Switzerland and Germany, and sought reftige in this country. The tradition is that they landed at Perth Amboy, N. J. ; in what year is not known. They settled near the present sites of IS'ew Market and Dunellen, on the borders of Somerset and Middlesex Counties, where many of the descendants of one of the brothers are now residing. One tradition is that there were two brothers, David and John Emanuel ; another, there were three. That the latter tradition is probably correct appears upon investigating the old register of the First Ee- formed Church of Somerville. That David and John Emanuel were brothers accords with the general tra- dition of the family. That there was another brother, Abraham, is at least probable, from the fact that the old church register referred to presents the name of Abraham Coryell, who had a son Abraham baptized Jan. 29, 1738, — the same year in which David's son Abraham was born, and not far from the time when John Emanuel's son Abraham was born. Abraham Coryell, therefore, was of the same generation as Da- vid and John Emanuel. He may have been their cousin, but was probably their brother. Abraham's wife's name, as given in the church register, then kept in the Low Dutch language, was Catryntie (or Catharine). The following items the writer gathered from the baptismal records of the First Eeformed Church of Somerville, through the kindness of the venerated pastor, the Eev. Dr. Abram Messier : " June 2, 172S, Annetie (Anne) daughter of Ba-v-id and Elsie Koriel. " May 16, 1731, daughter of David Koriel Januetje (Jane). "August 20, 1738, David Coryell, child Moses. "Jan. 7, 1739, Ahraham, son of David and Elsie Coryell. "Jan. 29, 1738, Abraham, eon of Abraham and Catrynte (Catherine). " June 1, 1740, NeUje (Nellie), daughter of Emanuel and Sarah Co'r- yelL' "Jan. 6, 1743, child (name not given) of Abraham and Catryntie (Catharine) Koryell ; Auntie Van Cott godmother. " May 19, 1746, David Koryel, wife Elsie, child Jannetje (Jane)." It is evident from this copy of the register that there was no uniformity in the spelling of the name. In two documents recorded at the office of the Secre- tary of State at Trenton, John Emanuel's signature is given, in which he writes his name " Coryal." His descendants write the name " Coryell," but those of David write it "Coriell." David Coryell repeatedly bought small tracts of land in the neighborhood of New Market, until he became quite an extensive landholder. Most of the present site of Dunellen and considerable of the land to the mountain, on the north, was in his possession. Some of his purchases date back to 1725. The children of David were Anne, Jane (probably died early), David, Moses, Abraham, Jane, and Eli- sha. David, the son of David, died Sept. 23, 1803, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. Abraham, son of David, died Sept. 22, 1828, aged ninety years. The branch of the family now living in the vicinity of Plainfield all seem to be the descendants of David. Whether there are any living descendants of the first- mentioned Abraham, whom ^e have assumed to be the brother of David and John Emanuel, we have not ascertained. There is no evidence that John Emanuel ever owned any land in the vicinity of New Market and Dunellen. In 1732 he removed to this place and bought of John Purcell a tract of 200 acres which Purcell had purchased of John Coates, to whom the tract was deeded by his father, Samuel Coates. This was doubtless the ferry lot, as Coryell obtained a patent for the ferry on Jan. 7, 1733, in which patent it is mentioned as being formerly known as Coates' Ferry. The northern boundary of this tract was a line running from the river nearly due east through what is, now Church Street. In 1743 he purchased of Thomas Paget the tract north of Church Street which James Paget, father of Thomas, had located, as we have seen, in virtue of a warrant bought of John Eeading. In an old paper, still extant, drawn up in 1760, by arbitrators selected to make an equitable division of the estate (in accordance with his last will and testa- ment), this tract is called the " Bungtown lot." This nickname, then, is of quite ancient origin. A¥hy it should not have been given to the ferry lot, which is styled " Lot Number One," it is difficult to explain, for, as the tavern was near the ferry, one would think that there would have been the scene of some of the pugilistic encounters so frequent in those days. Per- haps, obtaining stimulants, they repaired to the open fields above for the free exercise of their muscular dexterity and vigor. Among the names of the signers of this paper of arbitration is that of Dr. Jonathan Ingham, the father of the Hon. Samuel D. Ingham, who was so long in public life and who was the first Secretary of the Treasury in Gen. Jackson's first ad- ministration. Emanuel Coryell in 1737 purchased of the heirs of CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 269 Neill Grant a large tract of land which, as nearly as we can ascertain, extended over Cottage Hill and Goat Hill. He built the stone tavern which occupied the site of Mr. Gri£ath Williams' house, at the south- west corner of Ferry and Union Streets, and which was torn down only about twenty-five years since. This tavern was a noted place in the time of the Kev- olution. Many a soldier slaked his thirst at the old well which still affords its cooling refreshment to the neighborhood; but there is reason to suspect that many a one whetted his appetite at the old tavern with a more stimulating fluid. Hiding from our view, however, the carousals and brawls which must often have been witnessed there, we will think only of its Revolutionary associations, — of the toil-worn soldiers who stopped there or filed by in that tramp whose sound was heard round the world ; of the gen- erals and statesmen who were devoting their lives to the cause of freedom ; of Washington, Green, Hamil- ton, Knox, Stirling, the youthful Monroe, — then a lieutenant, — and Paterson, also a lieutenant. We shall have more to say farther on as to the Revolu- tionary events associated with Coryell's Ferry. The name of Emanuel Coryell appears with that of Benjamin Canby as one of the witnesses to the will of John Holcombe, proved in 1743. The Christian name of Emanuel Coryell's wife was Sarah, and there appears in old documents good ground for the suppo- sition that she was the daughter of John Lambert, of South Wingfield, county of Derby, England. They had at least seven children, named as follows : John, Cornelius, George, Abraham, Nellie, William, and Sarah. Of these, Nellie and William died in child- hood. The widow of Emanuel Coryell married George Ely, of Solebury, Pa., and their names are mentioned in the articles of arbitration already referred to. Sarah, the surviving daughter of Emanuel, was not of age when the arbitration was made. Her brother Cornelius acted as her guardian. She was subse- quently married to Philip Atkinson for her first hus- band, and to John Ely for her second. John, eldest son of Emanuel Coryell,* married and settled in Pennsylvania, near the ferry. After the death of the widow of Benjamin Canby, in 1760, the ferry property, on the Pennsylvania side, was sold (formerly Wells' Ferry), and it was bought by John Coryell. In the records of Bucks County there is recorded a mortgage dated July 21, 1764, John Coryell, of Sole- bury, Pa., and Elizabeth his wife being of the one part, and John Hughes, Esq., of the city of Philadel- phia, of the other part. The tract of land mortgaged was one hundred and six acres in extent, in Solebury township, and bounded by the river Delaware. The amount of the mortgage was five hundred pounds. * For these items we are indebted to Mr. Reuben Ely, who has been painstaking in his investigations. John Coryell was granted a license to keep a public house of entertainment in Solebury, Pa., in June, 1774. Cornelius, the second son of Emanuel, was born in 1732 ; he lived until 1831. His remains were interred in the Presbyterian churchyard, which was the family burying-ground. He was granted by the articles of arbitration a large tract of land, including a great part of the original Coates tract and a part of the Neill Grant tract, extending over the northern slope of Goat Hill and the heights above Cottage Hill. His place of residence was on Goat Hill. Some of the older inhabitants of the town have a distinct recollection of him. He married Sallie Shaw, and had the following-named children, — viz., George, Mary, Jacob, Tunis, John, Eleanor, Cornelius, and Joseph. George Coryell, the third son of John Emanuel, came into possession, by the articles of arbitration, of the tract lying north of Church Street and east of Main, below Church, to a little below Swan's Creek. He built a residence on the site of the house now owned by Samuel Hoppock, on Main Street, near the northwest corner of Main and York Streets. This house was burnt down in the early part of this cen- tury. Just before the battle of Monmouth, when the Federal troops were here, it was the headquarters of Maj.-Gen. Nathaniel Greene. George Coryell was a captain in the Revolutionary army. The following incident is told of him as having happened shortly before the battle of Trenton. The writer of this sketch is indebted for it to Mr. Martin Coryell, the great-grandson of Cornelius, who was the brother of George. When the American army had taken its position on the opposite bank of the river, Capt. Coryell, desiring more thoroughly to complete his family arrangements preparatory to a prolonged absence with the army, took a bateau and recrossed the river. Whilst at his house he was surprised and captured by advanced scouts of the British army. He was then pinioned and placed in the bow of his boat, and, with a soldier to row and an ofiicer in the stern, the batteries of the American army placed above the ferry were carefully reconnoi- tred. As Capt. Coryell was recognized by his com- rades as a prisoner in the hands of the British, they withheld their fire ; and so the reconnoissance was made in safety, and the captain escaped unhurt. He died in 1814. His youngest son. Judge John Coryell, was all his life a resident of this place, and died Oct. 31, 1861, in the ninetieth year of his age. He was for many years a justice of the peace, and for several years one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Hun- terdon County. Abraham, the fourth son of John Emanuel, was left, by the articles of arbitration, the ferry, with its franchises and seventy-five and three-fourths acres, — a part of the Coates tract, previously mentioned. During the last years of his life he lived in Kingwood 270 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. township. His remains are deposited by the side of those of his brother Cornelius in the old family burying-ground, now the Presbyterian churchyard. This burying-ground was on the line between the Coates tract and what is supposed to have been Paget's. He left five children,— viz., Sarah, George, John, Joseph, and Emanuel. A grandson of Abra- ham by his eldest son, George,— Mr. Tunison Coryell,— is still living in hale and hearty old age at Williams- port, Pa., respected and beloved by all who know him. The ferry called Coryell's Ferry wa's, down to the year 1770, more generally known as Wells' Ferry. It was so named from John Wells, to whom it was leased in 1719, by the colonial government of Pennsylvania, in virtue of a patent of royal authority. This grant was renewed in 1730. Whether Emanuel Coryell and Wells were rival ferrymen, or whether they had a joint interest in the ferry, there are no data at hand to determine. Wells bought in 1734, on the Penn- .sylvauia side, near the ferry, a tract of 100 acres, li'rom him the rapids just below Lambertville get the name of " Wells' Falls." We proceed now to give some account of the Lam- bert family, whose history has been so much identified with that of the place. Savage's " Genealogical Dic- tionary" mentions that one John Lambert came to America in 1632. Another John Lambert and his brother Gershom are supposed to have been sons of that John. These being family names, it is quite probable that one of them was the father of John Lambert, who lived in Connecticut from 1715 to 173.5. He married, in 1713, Abigail Bumstead, sister of Jeremiah Bumstead, of Boston, and had four sons. These four sons, with their father, came to New Jersey at some time between 1735 and 1746, — precisely when, we cannot determine. Thomas, the eldest son, settled in New Germantown, in Hunterdon County, and left children ; Jeremiah, the second, died child- less; John, the third, and Gershom, the youngest, settled about two miles north of Coryell's Ferry. Tliey bought adjoining tracts of land. John had the following children, — namely, Gershom, Jeremiah, Sallie, Elizabeth, Nancy, Abigail, and John. Gershom, the eldest son of John, owned the farms now in the possession severally of Theodore Plensel, Peter Todd, Prall Wilson, and John Lambert, Jr. He saw Gen. Washington several times while he was at Coryell's Ferry, and just before the battle of Mon- mouth he went to the general's headquarters, at Rich- ard Holcombe's house, to make the necessary arrange- ments for providing a substitute. He sent two repre- sentatives to the army during the war. He used to relate that he had seen Gens. Washington and Greene in close conversation under the large wal- nut-tree which until lately was standing by the road- side near the Holcombe mansion. He aided the American forces in crossing the river, and when the army lay at Morristown he had barrels made by one Charles Cozzens, a cooper, and carted them over there. Gershom, the youngest son of John Lambert, who came from Connnecticut, and uncle of the Gershom we have just been speaking of, had five children, — namely, John, Joseph, Gershom, Sarah, and Jerusha. John, the eldest son, was born in May, 1746. He took the homestead, the farm now owned by his grand- son, Thomas Seabrook. From all accounts he was a man of much intelligence and of decided ability, in- tegrity, and energy. He was held in high esteem by the community in which he lived and the State to which he belonged, as is shown by the frequency of his election to offices of great responsibility and trust. He represented his fellow-citizens in the Legislature of the State, both in the General Assembly and in the Council. He was for some time vice-president, and afterwards president, of the Council, and acting Gov- ernor of the State. He subsequently became member of the House of Eepresentatives in Congress, and, serving in that capacity for several years, he was elected United States senator, his term expiring in 1815. He failed of a re-election because of his oppo- sition to the war of 1812. He thus showed his inde- pendence of party dictation and his adherence to his convictions of truth. He died in February, 1823, and his remains were interred in Barber's burying-ground, about four miles from Lambertville. He was married twice. His first wife was Susannah Barber, by whom he had seven children, three of whom died in child- hood. He married for his second wife a widow from Monmouth County — Mrs. Hannah Dennis — whose maiden name was Little. By her he had three chil- dren, all daughters. Joseph Lambert, a brother of the Hon. John Lam- bert, lived in this place for many years. His resi- dence occupied the site of that of Mrs. Weeden's, on Bi-idge Street. He had a store adjoining his dwell- ing, and was extensively engaged in business in com- petition with the Parrys in New Hope. His build- ings were consumed by fire (if we have been correctly informed as to the time) in 1823. He married twice. His first wife was a Wilson, by whom he had four children, — two sons and two daughters. His second wife was Mary, widow of Jonas Tyson, and daughter of Jacob Holcombe, the grandson of the first Hol- combe who settled here. By her he had six children, — five sons and one daughter. His eldest son, Capt. John Lambert, built the hotel on Bridge Street corner of Union, and was the first postmaster in this place. He was an active and useful citizen. We come now to the recital of some of the inci- dents of the Eevolutionary war associated with this locality. The holding of Coryell's Ferry secure from the grasp of the enemy was an important matter in that great struggle. After the taking of Fort Washington by the British, and the fall of Fort Lee, Washington was compelled to leave New York to the enemy. He retreated across New Jersey and took up his headquarters at the Falls of the Delaware, on the Pennsylvania side, CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 271 opposite Trenton ; he stationed his troops along the river as high up as Coryell's Ferry, and had redoubts thrown up to guard the several ferries. The troops which were stationed opposite here were under com- mand of Lord Stirling. They threw up a strong re- doubt on the top of the hill back of the school-house in New Hope. A space which they leveled off can still be seen, making a slight indentation in the out- line of the hill as it is viewed from the New Jersey side of the river. Another redoubt was thrown up not far from where the two streets come together, opposite the Presbyterian chapel in New Hope. Gen. Washington visited this point while the troops were stationed on the opposite side of the river, and it is said that he went with Cornelius Coryell, one of the sons of John Emanuel, to the hill now known as Cottage Hill to see whether the enemy could com- mand the American redoubts from that point. He ordered a stockade intrenchment to be made on the hill in New Hope and batteries to be placed on the bank of the river above the ferry. As it was very im- portant that the army should have control of all the hoats on the Delaware, he sent Capt. Daniel Bray {who afterwards became a general in the New Jersey militia), Capt. Jacob Gerhart, and Capt. Thomas Jones to collect all the craft on the upper waters of the Del- aware and Lehigh and bring them to Coryell's Ferry. This they did, and hid them behind Malta Island, just below what are known as the Union Mills, at Wells' Falls. At that time there were no mills there, no wing-dam, and the main channel of the river was between that island and the Pennsylvania shore. The island was densely wooded, so that if the enemy looked down from the Jersey heights the boats could not be seen. These boats were thus gotten in readi- ness for the army's crossing at McConkey's Ferry on the memorable Christmas night of 1776. Some of the boats, it is said, drifted down the stream, becom- ing unmanageable because of the floating ice. Just at this point in our narrative the following letters and extracts from epistles written by Washing- ton to the Continental Congress from his headquarters at the Falls of the Delaware are of special interest : " Headquarteus, Falls of Delaware, Dec. 11, 1776. " Sir,— After I had writtea you yesterday, I received cei-tain infoi-ma- tion that the enemy, after repairing Crosswiclc's bridge, had advanced a party of about .WO to Bordentown. By their taking this route it con-, firms me in my opinion that they have an intention to land between this and Philadelphia, as well as above, if they can procure boats for that purpose. " I last night directed CJom. Seymour to station all his galleys between Bordentown and Philadelphia, to give the earliest intelligence of any appearance of the enemy on the Jersey shore. " I yesterday rode up the river about 11 milea to Lord Stirling's post, ■where I found a prisoner of the Forty-second Regiment who had been brought in. He informed me that Lord Cornwallis was at Pennington with two battalions of grenadiers and three of light infantry, all British, the Hessian Grenadiers, the Forty-second Highland Regiment, and two other battalions, the names of which he did not remember. He knew nothing of the reasons of their being assembled there, nor what were their future intentions. " But I last night received information from my Lord Stirling, which had been brought in by his scouts, which in some measure accounted for their being there. They had made a forced march from Trenton on Sunday night to Coryell's Ferry, in hopes of surprising a sufficient num- ber of boats to transport them ; but, finding themselves disappointed, had marched back to Pennington, where they remained yesterday. From their several attempts to seize boats, it does not look as if they had brought any with them, as I was at one time informed. I last night sent a pei-son over to Trenton to learn whether there was any appearance of building any, but he could not perceive an}' preparation for a work of that kind ; so that I am in hopes, if proper care is taken to keep all the craft out of their way, they will find the crossing of the Delaware a matter of considerable difficulty." lExtracl.'] " Trenton Falls, Dec. 12, 1776. " The intelligence we obtain respecting the movements and situation of the enemy is far from being so certain and satisfactory as I could wish, though every possible means in my power, and that I can devise, are adapted for that purpose. The latest I have received was from Lord Stirling last night. He says that two grenadiers of the Inniskillen regi- ment, who were taken and brought in by some countrymen, informed him that Gens. Howe, Cornwallis, Vaughan, etc., with about 6000 of the flying army, were at Pennington waiting for pontoons to come up, with which they mean to pass the river near the BUie Mounts,* or at Coryell's Ferry, — they believe the latter ; that the two battalions of guards were at Brunswick, and the Hessian grenadiers, chasseurs, and a regiment or two of British troops are at Trenton." " HEAnQUARTERS, Trenton Falls, Doc. l^i, 1776. " Sir, — The apparent design of the enemy being to avoid this ferry and land their troops above and below us induced me to remove fi'om this place the greater part of the troops and throw them into a diffei'eut posi- tion on the river, whereby I hope not only to be more able to impede their passage, but also to avoid the danger of being inclosed in this angle of the river, and, notwithstanding the extended appearances of the enemy on the other side, made at least in part to divert our attention from any particular point, as well as to harass us by fatigue, I cannot divest mj'- self of the opinion that their principal design is to ford the river some- where above Trenton ; to which design I have had particular respect in the new arrangement, wherein I am so happy as to have the concurrence of the general officers at this place. Four brigades of the army, under Gens. Stirling, Macy, Stephen, and Be Fernoy, extend from Tardley's up to Coryell's Ferry, posted in such a mfinner as to guard every suspicious part of the river and to afford assistance to each other in case of attack. Gen. Ewing, with the Flying Camp of Pennsylvania and a few Jersey troops under Gen. Dickinson, are posted from Tardley's Feri"y down to the ferry opposite Bordentown. Col. Cadwallader, with the Pennsylvania militia, occupies the ground above and below the mouth of the Ne- shaminy Elver as far down as Dunk's Ferry, at which place Col. Nixon is posted with the Third Battalion of Pennsylvania. A proper quantity of artillery is appointed to each brigade, and I have ordered small re- doubts to be thrown up opposite every place where there ia a probability of fording. " I shall remove farther up the river to he near the main body of my small army, with which every possible opposition shall be given to any further approach of the enemy towards Philadelphia." On Dec. 26, 1776, was fought the memorable battle of Trenton, which was the turning-point in the American Eevolution. On Christmas Day, as the soldiers were around their camp-fires preparing their dinners, orders came to march. According to tradi- tion, so urgent were the orders that they left without their dinners and directly took up the line of march for McKonkey's Ferry (now Taylorsville). On arriv- ing there they were stationed back of the ferry until night, when they made the memorable crossing of the river amidst floating ice and in the face of a violent storm of hail and snow. In connection with Coryell's Ferry in the following year there is an interesting letter of Maj.-Gen. Bene- * " Blue Monuts," in this letter, is a mistake for " Beaumont's." Joh n Beaumont owned a large tract of land opposite Moore's Station, and near Brownsburgh, Pa. He was frequently called Blnomount. 272 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. diet Arnold addressed to Gen. Washington. Arnold, whose name is now loaded with infamy, Avas then in high repute in the American army. This letter is published in the *' Correspondence of the Eevolu- tion/' vol. i. p. 384. It is as follows : "Coryell's Ferry, 16 June, 1777, 8 o'clock p.m. *'My dear General, — I wrote Your Excellency yesterday that the boats, Bcows, &c., were sent up the river 11 miles to a place called Tohe- gan,* except such as were necessary here, which would be eecured from the enemy in case of their approach ; since which I had no direct and but very imperfect intelligence from Tour Excellency. I am at a loss if any part of your army has removed from Middlebr6ok, and more bo of Your Excellency's intentions. The enemy, I am informed, are at Somer- set Heights, intrenching. Gen. Sullivan is at Flemington with 1600 Continental troops, the Jersey militia, and 1000 men I have sent him from this place half Continental, the others militia. I expect Col. Bull here to-morrow with 500 State troops, part of two battalions engaged for the war. Gen. Mifflin wrote me yesterday that the city militia will move this morning; lam informed there are about 2000 of them. They bring 10 pieces of cannon and one royal howitzer, 200 tents, lOUO felling-axes, 1000 spades and shovels. One quarter part of the militia of this State are ordered out immediately, except two of the western counties. The whole, including the city militia, I am informed, will make 10,U00 men. Three thousand of the Southern Continental troops are ou their march, and will be in Philadelphia in the course of a week ; six heavy pieces of cannon, four galleys, and ten armed boats are arrived at Bristol and Trenton Ferries. The enemy must be despei-ate indeed if they attempt to push for Philadelphia. "As the militia can he hut illy spared at this busy season, I wish ia know aa early as possible Your Excellency's orders respecting them, — if you wish to have them in the Jerseys or on thisf side the Belaware. If the latter, for the defence of the passes on the river one-half will effectually answer the purpose. I have examined and inclosed Tour Excellency a sketch of the passes between this and Trenton Ferry. '* Four or five thousand men, with a few pieces of cannon, will effectu- ally guard the whole, and as far down as Philadelphia with the assis- tance of the galleys and armed boats, against 20,000 men. Above Cory- ell's Ferry I am conviaced the enemy will never attempt to pass. I hope the troops will be ordered for a different purpose, — tliat of securing the enemy where they are in the Jerseys. If they are detained here, I shall employ them in fortifying the hanks of the river against the passes. " I have sent off this evening, vUi Flemington, four wagons, and musket cartridges 66.000, under an escort of 75 men. " I have only to add, with great respect I am "Your Excellency's most obedient humble servant, " Benedict Arnold." Washington was here again July 30 and 31, 1777, as appears from his letters of those dates, which are given on page 67 of this work. Just at this point a letter from Alexander Hamilton to Robert Morris, written at Coryell's Ferry while the army was lying here, is of special interest. Hamilton was then chief of Gen. Washington's staff. In this letter he gives his views as to the design of the enemy. It is as follows : "Headquartebs, Coryell's Ferry, July 29, 1777. " Dear Sir, — I have the pleasure of your favor of tlie 25th. I cannot he induced to think the enemy so numerous as you apprehend, and would place no dependence on what is said either by deserters or pris- oners, further than as it respects their own company, nor even that with, regard to prisoners in general, who commonly have their cue, as the phrase is, and know very well how to manufacture stories calculated to serve the purposes of the side they belong to. If we may judge at all * This is now spelled Tohiclcon, which is the name of the brook that empties into the Belaware at Point Pleasant. Up this stream, and under its steep, wild, and (then) thickly-wooded hanks, was the favorite haunt of the noted Tory outlaws, the Doanes. f From this it is evident that Arnold had his headquarters for the time on the Pennsylvania side of Coryell's Ferry. from the state of the British and foreign regiments in Howe's army or the proportion of recruits they have had this year, we cannot but believe the representations j^ou mention greatly exaggerated. 'Though the Northern army have not suffered much by action, they have probably suffered more by sickness than the Southern: for many accounts agre& that they have been very sickly, and particularly that there was a great mortality among them while lying at the Isle of Noix. From the esti- mate of the first prisoner, they must have been greatly reduced by some means or other; for it appears that before his company had been augmented by the 24 foreigners it was oniy 26 strong, and it is very improbable it should have had so large an augmentation, for I am mor- ally certain the regiments under Howe have not had 50 men each as recruits, and I see no reason to suppose Burgoyne's could have had much better luck. Eight companies, at 26 men each, amount to 208. Suppose each regiment to have received 100 recruits, which, by every rule of comparison, must be more than the truth; this brings a regiment to about 300 men. Ten regiments at 300 each amount to 3000, — tlie num- ber of British troops in Canada. Again, if I am not mistaken, 4000 was the allotment of foreign troops for the Northern department As the sickness spoken of fell chiefly upon them, they in all probability lost more in that way than they had gained in recruits. But, even if this were not the case, they cannot exceed the original number : 4000 added to 3000 make 7000. Besides these, there are the grenadiers and hffht infantry. Of these there cannot be above 18 companies each, which, allowing them to contain every one 50 men, amount to 1800; and this brings them to about S800 men in their whole force of British and for- eign troops. Of these, at least one-sixth must be unfit for duty, by every calculation, which reduces the number of men fit for the field to about 7500. Part of these must be left in Canada, if it were for no other pur- pose than to guard their magazines and for other duty of that tind. Nor could they with safety commit the charge of those things to the Canadians, many of whom are notoriously disaffected, and would be very likely to destroy instead of preserve them. From this view, — which I verily believe is too favorable to them,— they cannot bring more tlian between GOOD and 7000 British troops to act out of Canada. Out of these GOOO or 7000, a considerable part must be left to garrison Ticonderoga and secure their rear in case of accidents, for they could not, without madness, attempt to advance and leave the posts behind them in a de- fenceless state; and they may be obliged to increase their attention to this matter by keeping a body of men somewhere about the Grants, which has been recommended. Wlien tliis last deduction is made, Bur- goyne cannot advance with more than between 6000 and 6000 men, to suppose him to act with his whole collective force, except Canadians and Indians, who are not, by any accounts, numerous. "Let us now take a view of our own force. When Glover's brigade gets up, and the recruits for the regiments there, now on their march, arrive, Gen. Schuyler will have about 5000 Continental troops. Surely the Eastern States cannot sleep so soundly wheu the danger is so immi- nent, but that they will reinforce him with 8000 or 10,000 militia. If this happens, and he cannot stop Gen. Burgoyne's progress, it must proceed from other causes than the want of men. With about the same army last year, Gen. Washington kept Howe, with 16,000 or 17,00p men, at hay. *' Perhaps it may be said there will not be time to collect this force, as the enemy are advancing with very great rapidity. I am much mistaken if there will not be abundant time. The nature of the ground, the diffi- culty of transporting the immense quantity of baggage, provisions, etc., necessary to accompany an army of 5000 men penetrating an enemy's counti-y, the want of wagons for the purpose, the impediments thrown in the way by cutting up the roads,— all these obstacles will retard their jnarch much more than is at first sight imagined, and will give full time to prepare them a good reception. "On the whole, I am clearly of the opinion that unless Howe co-oper- ates with Burgoyne against your State it lias very little to fear; and I even doubt, if he goes to the southward, whether Burgoyne will attejupt to penetrate far. At present there is every appearance of a Southern ex- pedition. "Seventy sail of the enemy's have been seen passing by Little Egg Harbor, making short tacks to the capes of Philadelphia. Three divisions of the army are arrived here and at Howell's Ferry, four miles up. One is coming by way of Princeton, etc. ; another coming after us by way of Morristown. I wish this last to halt there. Two brigades more have been ordered to cross the North River and wait further orders. "We shall not, however, pass the Delaware till we hear of the arrival of the enemy in the capes of Philadelphia. Nor will these two brigades be ordered on till the same event takes place. We shall act the most cau- tious part possible in our circumstancps. "I communicated your letter to the general. He agrees with me in CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 273 point of the enemy's numbers. With respect to animating the Eaatern States, he has -written the most urgent letter to their several Assemblies, ■which I am in hopes will answer the end you propose from sending per- sons to each of them. " It were to be wished your forts and ships were well supplied with cannon ; but it is wholly out of the general's line to strip the ships to the eastward of their cannon for that purpose. If your convention were to make application to the Congress or Board of War, it might succeed ; but I should have vei-y little hope of it. " I am, with great esteem, dear sir, " Tour most obedient, " Alexander Hamilton." In the second volume of the official letters of Washington to Congress there is one dated " Camp near Pennibacker's Mill, Oct. 17, 1777," in which is this passage : " We shall here wait for the reinforcements coming on, and shall then act according to circumstances. Gen. Yaruum, with the detachment from Peefcskill, amounting to about 1200, including officers, would be last night at Cksryell's Ferry." The following winter the army was quartered at Valley Forge, where the sufferings of the soldiers were so severe as to make forever memorable their sacrifices in the cause of liberty. The enemy was in possession of Philadelphia. Gen. Howe, having been recalled to England, was succeeded in command by Sir Henry Clinton. He was instructed to evacuate Philadelphia and to march on to New York. "Washington surmised Clinton's plans, and after holding a council of war determined to bring the enemy to battle before reach- ing New York. He accordingly took up the line of march for Coryell's Ferry, choosing that route in order to secure the highlands of New Jersey. The army, since the appointment of Baron Steuben as in- spector-general, was somewhat improved in condition, but still it must have presented a rather worn and ragged appearance as it filed along. In the volumes of Revolutionary correspondence there is the following letter : "TO BRIG.-GEN. WAYNE: INSTBUCTIONS. "Sir, — Ton are to proceed with the First and Second Pennsylvania Kegiments and the brigade late Conway's, by the direct route, to Coryell's Ferry, leaving a proper interval between your division and Gen. Lee's, so as to prevent their interfering with each other. The instructions given to Gen. Lee are lo hall on the first strong ground, after passing the Delaware at Oie said Jerry, until further orders, unless he should receive authentic intelligence that the enemy have proceeded by the direct road to South Amboy or still lower ; in this case he is to coutinue his march to the North River. '• Given at Head Quarters this 18th day of June, 1778." On the second day following this, Washington wrote a letter to Gen. Gates which is as follows : " JOUE o'clock, 20th June, 1778. " To Maj.-Gen. Gates : " Sir,— I think it necessary to inform you by the return of express who brought your packet for Congress that I am now, with the main body of the army, within ten miles of CoryeH's Ferry. Gen, Lee is advanced with si.K brigades, and will cross to-night or to-morrow morning. By the last intelligence the enemy were near Mount Holly and moving very slowly ; but, as there are so many roads open to them, their route could not be ascertained. I shall enter the Jerseys to-morrow and give you the ear- liest notice of their movements and whatever may affect you. As the supplies of forage and provision in your quarter will be objects of the utmost importance, they will therefore claim your attention. " I am, sir," etc. In Washington's correspondence is another letter bearing the same date (June 20, 1778), from which is taken the following extract : , "Sir, — I have the honor to inform you that I am now advanced with the main body of the army within ten miles of Coryel's Ferry, and shall halt to refresh the troops, and for the night, as the weather is very rainy. Gen. Lee is with the six brigades mentioned in my former letter." On the following day he wrote another letter re- specting some Indians in Virginia. It is dated " June 21, ten miles from Coryell's." At the same time and place he wrote also a letter to Maj.-Gen. Arnold. On the 22d of June the army crossed the river, and on that day he wrote the following letter, dated : " Headquarters near Coryel's, June 22, 1778. " Sir, — I have the honor to inform you that I am now in Jersey, and that the troops are passing the river at Coryel's and are mostly over. The latest intelligence I have had respecting the enemy was yesterday, from Gen. Dickinson. He says that they were in the morning at Moores- town and Mount Holly, but that he had not been able to learn what route they would pursue from thence ; nor was it easy to determine, as from their situation they might either proceed to South Amboy or by way of Bruuswic. We have been a good deal impeded in our march by rainy weather. As soon as we have cleaned the arms and can get mat- ters in train we propose moving towards Princeton, in order to avail ourselves of any favorable occasions that may present themselves of at- tacking or annoying the enemy. " I have the honor to be," etc. Washington suspected, as he mentions in a subse- quent letter, that the enemy were aiming to draw him down into the low country, that by a skillful flank movement they might secure the heights. While here Gen. Washington made the house of Richard Holcombe (the younger son of the first John who lived here) his headquarters, and Gen. Greene had his headquarters at George Coryell's, in the house before mentioned, which occupied the site of the frame dwelling now owned by Samuel Hoppock, at the northwest corner of York and Main Streets. The following extract from " General Greene's Memoirs" is of interest at this point : " Clinton moved slowly, with the intention, as Washington and some of his officers thought, of drawing the Americans into the lower counti-y in order, by a rapid movement, to gain their right and take possession of the strong grounds above tliem. The Americans moved slowly, too, for the weather was oppressive and the roads heavy with frequent rains and deep sand. On the 21st they crossed the Delaware, of happy omen, at Coi7eirs Ferry, Greene marking out tlie route and order of march and places of encampment, — a duty that kept him more than half of the time in the saddle. " Food it was difficult to obtain, and, in spite of all his exertions, Wayne's detachment suffered greatly for want of it. At Hopewell, on the 24th, another council was called, and Lee, supported by a majority, still opposed an attack. After a long discussion it was decided' that a detachmetit of ISOO men be immediately sent to act as occasion may serve on the enemy's loft flank and rear, in conjunction with other Con- tinental troops and militia, who are already hurrying about them, and that the main body preserve a relative position, so as to be able to act as circumstances may require.' " From the Revolutionary correspondence associated with this locality it is quite evident that Coryell's Ferry was an important strategic point in the Revo- lution, and that most of the prominent generals of the Continental army were here at different times. This neighborhood furnished a full proportion of Revolutionary soldiers. Their names have not been 274 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. obtained. Some of the older inhabitants, liowever, remember tlie two brothers Ent, who had seen service in tlie war of indei^endence, and who used to attend the celebrations on the Fourth of July, and were always honored with a conspicuous position on the speakers' platform, thus giving point to the orator's allusions to the Revolution and stimulus to his elo- quence. The incidents of the war of 1812 associated with this place are quite insignificant compared with those of the Eevolution, and yet they are worthy of men- tion. Two companies were recruited here, one commanded by Capt. John Scott, the other by Capt. Lambert Hoppock, a grandson of the Hon. John Lambert. Capt. Scott and his officers hired rooms on Coryell Street, at the residence of Mrs. Krewson. There were some also at a tavern opposite to Mrs. Krewson's, on the site of Mr. Henry Mattthew's dwelling. The men were quartered at an old frame house which stood back from the street, in the centre of the lot at the southwest corner of Bridge and Main Streets. This building was torn down about twenty-eight years ago. Capt. Scott was at first an ensign in Capt. Hoppock's company, but afterwards recruited another company, of which he was made captain. The following muster-roll of Capt. Hoppock's com- pany is a matter of interest : Muster roU of a company of Infmilrij under tlie command of Capt. J. X. Hoppocli, Fifteenth Regiment of the army of the TJnited States, covimamkd by Col Zeb. M. PUce, from the Zlst day of Anyusl, when last muttered, to llie 31st day of October, 1S12. OFFICERS. John L. Hoppock, Oa,ptain ; William K. Barnet, First Lieutenant; Samuel McDougal, Second Lieutenant; John Scott, Second Lieu- tenant; Charles Roberts, Ensign; John Knapp, First Sergeaut- Henry Shields, Second Sergeant; Charles Wilson, Third Sergeant; Thomas Dennis, First Coi-poral ; Jacob Busk, Second Corporal; William Cozens, Third Corporal ; Isaiic Hoffman, Fourth Corporal ; William J. Brooks, Fifth Corporal ; Itobert Burke, Sixth Corporal ; Joseph Rake, musician. PRIV.\TES. William Heabon, William Groff, Nathaniel Thatcher, Andrew Aston, George C. Biggs, Peter Bell, William Bunn, Stephen Beard, James Barr, Isaac Buck, Charles Bl.^keIey, Artliur Courtney, Daniel Crihbs, John Craig, Timothy Carroll, William Coburn, William Cross, James Coyle, Stephen Deccus, James Dickens, George Derrick, Benjamin Derrickson, James Douglierty, Humphrey Fagan, William Forker, Dennis Ferrj-, Michael Gallaher, Edward Grant, John Gregg, Ed- ward Gallaher, George Hull, Patrick Harkins, Henry Howard, John Hillerman, James Hendricks, Imla Haines, William Jenkins, Thomas Kennedy, Isaac Kennedy, John Kough, Anthony Livingston, Asa Lucas, Reuben McPherson, .John llatthews, Thomas McGowen, George Moore, Peter McDevit, George McLaughlin, Daniel McDevit, Thomas McMillen, Joseph Murphey, James Nichols, Daniel O'Her- ren, Michael O'Oain, John Pye, John Russell, Abuer Rouse, Isajic Reed, John Reever, James Roe, Eli Bobison, Jacob Ross, Alexander Shaw, Jacob Smalley, Andrew Scott, Daniel Sweney, Henry W. Swain, Solomon Southwick, John Dher, David Vaught, John Wil- son, Christopher Wilson, Oakum (Holcombe?) Wilson, Joseph Wil- son, .lacob Wilson, James Wilson, James White, Abram Derweer, Henry Shepherd, Obed Lincoln, Daniel Bramble. Second Lieut. Samuel McDougal was promoted to a first lieutenancy and transferred to Capt. Vandal- son's company, and Ensign Scott was promoted in place of McDougal. Hence the names of both appear as second lieutenants in the muster-roll of Capt. Hop- pock's company, as McDougal was then in transitu. Capt. Hoppock was killed at the battle of Plattsburg, N. Y. The place which had so long been known as Coryell's Feny became more widely known as Lambertville, owing to the post-office being so named in honor of the Hon. John Lambert, who, while United States senator, secured, in 1814, the appointment of post- master for his nei^liew and namesake, Capt. John Lambert. This was the first post-office here. Some of the Coryell family, particularly Judge John Coryell, strove to have it named " Georgetown," for the judge's father, George Coryell. There were not a dozen houses, all told, in the vil- lage at that time. The upper part of what was then the village-plat — ^that is, the land lying between Church Street on the south and the Bull line on the north — was mostly in the possession of the judge, and that he still clung to the name is shown b}' the fact that the Presbyterian church, the corner-stone of which was laid in 1817, was styled the Union Presby- terian Church of Georgetown and Lambertville, and was built on the line dividing the Coryell from the Lambert property. The name of Georgetown grew more and more into disuse, until in a few years it was entirely dropped. Lambertville, at the time of the establishment of the post-office, although it was a mere hamlet, had gotten to be quite a trading-point, especially for lum- ber, which was sold in large quantities on both sides of the river. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. On the 18th of August, 1817, the corner-stone of the " Union Presbyterian church of Georgetown and Lambertville" was laid. The building was not fin- ished, however, until several years afterwards. A meeting in reference to the erection of a church had been held on August 7th of the previous year at the public-house of John Lambert, Jr. At this meet- ing John Coryell, Esq., acted as chairman, and John Lilly, M.D., as secretary. The chairman presented a draft of a subscription-paper in the following words : " Whereas, a desire has been manifested by a nnmber of the inhabit- ants of this vicinity that a house should be erected in some convenient situation to hear the preaching of the gospel, and it is believed that the present is a favorable time to commence the undertaking ; Therefore, We whose names are hereunto annexed do agree, in behalf of ourselves^ onr executors and administr.ators, to pay or cause to be paid to such persons as may bo appointed hereafter to receive the same by the said subscribers the sums severally annexed to our names for the purpose of erecting a house for the worehip of Almighty God, on Union Street, near the grave- yard lying between Georgetown and Lambertville, to be styled the TJuion Presbyterian Church of Georgetown and Lambertville." This paper was unanimously adopted by the meet- ing, and the following persons were appointed to solicit subscriptions,— viz., John Coryell and Samuel D. Ingham, Esqs., John Lambert, Jr., Maj. Emley CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 275 Holcombe, John Lilly, M.D., and Wilson Lambert. Upwards of $500 were immediately subscribed. Hon. Samuel D. Ingham and Samuel McNair, Esq., were present as commissioners from the Presbyterian Church of Solebury, Pa., empowered to propose a union with the projected church under one pastoral charge, but no action was taken. On the 24th of the same month they again assem- bled, according to adjournment, and the secretary was directed to give notice to the subscribers of a meeting to be held at the house of John Lambert, Jr., on the 31st instant, at 4 p.m., to concert measures for the building of the proposed church edifice. The sub- scribers met, pursuant to notice, when it was an- nounced that $1500 had been raised. It was resolved to commence the building as soon as practicable, and John Coryell, Esq., John Lambert, Jr., Cornelius Van Horn, and Wilson Lambert were appointed managers. At the first meeting of the managers John Coryell, Esq., was appointed president, and John Lilly, M.D., secretary and treasurer. It was then decided that the church should be built of brick, 44 by 50 feet, with a gable end, surmounted by a tower and cupola, facing Union Street. The negotiations for a union with the Solebury Church proved unsuccessful. In the mean while two instalments of the subscrip- tions had been called in, and a building committee had been appointed, consisting of Emley Holcombe, John Coryell, and Amos Wilson.* Subscriptions were obtained from a wide extent of country, and a number of people in the immediate neighborhood gave freely several days' labor. About this time land for tlie erection of a church edifice was purchased of John Coryell, Esq., and Capt. John Lambert, Jr., for the nominal sum of one dollar each, said land bounding the graveyard on the east. The church was thus to be built partly in Georgetown and partly in Lambertville, Georgetown being the northern portion of the village and Lambertville the southern. Hence the title of the church. At the laying of the corner-stone a large congrega- tion assembled. The Rev. Thomas Dunn, pastor of the Solebury Church, preached the sermon, from Isaiah xi. 9. Thirty-two families, it was found, had expressed a willingness to unite in the support of the church. The bricks for the edifice were made by Joseph Raisner (familiarly known as "Boss Raisner"), just south of Swan's Creek and east of Main Street, the carpenter- work, was done by Cornelius Van Horn, and the large walnut pillars which in part supported the tower were turned in the orchard then standing oppo- site to the church. A board of trustees was organized in May, 1820, consisting of Emley Holcombe, John Coryell, Wilson " John LatnbGrt, Jr., and Philip Marshall were successively elected, but for satisfactory reasons declined to serve. Lambert, Jonathan Pidcock, and Joseph Scarborough. On June 7th of that year they were sworn into office by Ezra Shamp, justice of the peace. Emley Hol- combe was chosen president of the board. After the building was inclosed there was occa- sional preaching.' In October, 1820, the attention of the Presbytery of New Brunswick was called to the enterprise by Mr. Amos Wilson, who had been appointed to represent the interests of the congregation. No church organ- ization had as yet been effected. In the following spring and summer Mr. Charles Hodge (who after- wards became widely known as the profound theolo- gian. Dr. Charles Hodge, of Princeton) supplied the pulpit. His labors were blessed in encouraging the people to go on in the work which they had under- taken, and thus led the way to the organization of the church. It was probably through his influence that the pulpit was supplied, in 1821, by Peter 0. Studdi- ford, a young man who had barely reached adult years and who, from all accounts, looked at that time like a mere stripling. Dr. Hodge and he had been schoolmates at Somerville, N. J. They were also in the Princeton Theological Seminary together, Dr. Hodge, however, graduating a year before his ac- quaintance and friend of early boyhood. Mr. Studdifordf had no idea of settling here, but the people were pleased with him and he saw that this was missionarj' ground, so he consented to take charge of the new enterprise, and removed -here in December, 1821. He at once commenced discharging all the duties of a pastor, although the church was not regularly organized until Sept. 24, 1822, and he was not formally installed as pastor until June, 1825. The following-named persons were duly enrolled as members of the church at the date of its organization : Maj. Emley Holcombe, Jonathan Pidcock and his wife, Mary, from the Presbyterian Church of Sole- bury, Pa. ; Allen Breed and his wife,J from the First Congregational Church of Stamford, Conn.; John Hutchinson, from the Presbyterian Church of Allen- town, N. J. ; Catharine Larison, from the Presbyter- ian Church of Kingwood ; William Prall and his wife, Charlotte, from the Second Presbyterian Church of Amwell, N. J. Maj. Emley Holcombe and Jonathan Pidcock were duly constituted ruling elders. Maj. Holcombe had, however, been previously ordained an elder in the Solebury Church. The Solebury Church was united with the church at Lambertville in one joint pastoral charge, and Mr. Studdiford was installed the pastor of both on the same day. This joint charge continued until the spring of 1848, when the pastoral relation with Sole- bury was dissolved, and he became pastpr exclusively f A biographical sketch of Dr. Studdiford is given elsewhere in this work. I Mr. and Mrs. Breed were the parents of the Rev. Dr. William P. Breed, of Philadelphia. 276 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. of the church at Lambertville, remaining such until his death. In May, 1853, the congregation determined to re- build on the site of the original structure. The new edifice was dedicated in January, 1855. In the summer of 1868 the present building was en- larged. A chapel owned by this church was erected in New Hope in the summer of 1872, — an enterprise which has been attended with great success. An excellent double-pipe organ, by Johnson of Westfield, Mass., was purchased in May, 1877, and placed in the church, near the pulpit. This church, at the time of its organization, was under the care of the Presbytery of New Brunswick and so continued until 1840, when it was set over to the Presbytery of Raritan, which had just been formed by the Synod of New Jersey. In June, 1870, at a special meeting of the Synod at Elizabeth, when the Presbyteries were reconstructed, the Presbytery of Raritan was dissolved, and the church at Lambert- ville was again attached to the Presbytery of New Brunswick. This church, which was organized in September, 1822, with seven members and two ruling elders, reported 460 communicants in the spring of 1880. The ruling elders in this church, from its organiza- tion to the present time, have been the following : Emley Holcombe and Jonathan Pidcock, installed Sept. 22, 1822 ; William Wilson and James Seabrook, Aug. 2, 1829; Ashbel Welch and John Smith, April 14, 1844 ; John H. Anderson and James D. Stryker, Sept. 11, 1853 ; James Hervey Studdiford, M.D., John A. Anderson, and Peter S. Pidcock, June, 1868; Au- gustus C. Barber, Charles A. Skillman, Hugh B. Ely, and John V. C. Barber, May 4, 1879. There were no deacons in the church until 1868, when T. Quick Phillips, Augustus C. Barber, and Hugh B. Ely were installed in that oflace. On May 4, 1879, the following-named persons were set apart to the office of deacon : Holmes D. Ely, Frank R. Fritz, John H. Horn, William H. Titus, and James Petrie. The following-named persons constitute the present board of trustees : Thomas B. Fidler, Charles O. Hol- combe, Edward H. Holcombe, Frank R. Fritz, and Thomas H. Gray. Thomas B. Fidler is president of the board, and Edwin H. Holcombe the treasurer. THE BAPTIST CHURCH. On the 10th of February, 1825, the Baptist Church was organized at the house of Philip Marshall, Esq., with the following constituent members: William Garrison, Philip Marshall and his wife Sarah, James B. Bowen and his wife Lucy A. Previous to this organization there had been preaching at the hoases of Esquire Marshall and Maj. Garrison, by Rev. Joseph H. Kennard, Rev. John Booth, and Rev. James McLaughlin. Mr. Kennard was at that time pastor of the church at Harborton. He subsequently became pastor of a church in North- ern Liberties, Philadelphia, where his labors were blessed to the ingathering of a great number to the membership; so that his church became one of the largest in the city. He was a man greatly respected and beloved for his kindness of heart, his piety, his zeal, and his entire devotion to his work. On Feb. 12, 1825, the first church-meeting was held, when it was resolved to build a house of worship, and a committee was appointed to secure subscriptions for that purpose. At the next meeting, held on the 21st of that month, the Rev. John Booth was received into the member- ship by certificate. At the same meeting the church proceeded to the election of its officers, and made provision for the regular preaching of the gospel. William Garrison and Philip Marshall were elected deacons. Arrangements were made for the regular observance of the Lord's Supper, and a committee was appointed to procure supplies for the pulpit. March 2, 1825, Elder John Booth, Philip Marshall, and William Garrison were elected trustees. On the fifth of the same month a meeting of contributors towards building a house of worship was held to de- cide upon a site. After considering the different locations proposed, the decision was in favor of the place where the present edifice stands. At this meet- ing a building committee was appointed. On the 8th of May of the same year the congregation invited Elder James McLaughlin and Elder John Booth to supply their pulpit for six months, both of whom acceiDted. The corner-stone of the first church edifice was laid with appropriate services on June 13, 1825, and the house was dedicated to the service of God in October following. Thus the church was organized, arrangements were made for preaching and the ad- ministration of the sacraments, and a house of wor- ship was erected and dedicated, all during the year 1825, — a proof certainly of earnest zeal and unflagging energy of purpose. At a meeting on August 4th of the same year it was resolved to unite with the New Jersey Baptist Association. Feb. 26, 1826, Elder John C. Goble was called to be pastor of this church, in union with the church at Harborton. He, however, declined the call. On April 17th of the same year Elder John Booth was dismissed by letter to the Baptist Church of Perth Amboy, of which church he took the pastoral charge. The first regular pastor of the Baptist Church in Lambertville was the Rev. Samuel Trott, who came here from Morristown. He took charge of the church at Harborton in connection with this church, and en- tered upon his duties Oct. 19, 1826, from which time he supplied the two churches until April, 1831,— a period of four years and a half,— when he resigned and removed to Welch Tract, Del. June 3, 1827, Jame= B. Bowen, by request of the CITY OF LAMBERTVILLB. 277 church, stated his views with reference to the preach- ing of the gospel, together with his reasons for con- cluding that he was called to the work. It was there- upon resolved that opportunity be given him on the next Wednesday evening to exercise his gifts. At a subsequent meeting it was " Eesoluedj That meetings be held every other Tuesday for the purpose of giving him an opportunity to speak before them." Again (Oct. 4, 1827), it is recorded that, " From a consideration of the weakness of our little church, it is agreed to give Brother Bowen the liberty of exercising his gifts witliln the bounds of the neighboring churches for four months, that we may have the opinion of our brethren of other churches concerning his call to the ministry." Jan. 10, 1828, the church gave Mr. Bowen a general license to preach. On the 22d of October of the next year he was ordained to the work of the ministry. Elders Trott, Boggs, Bateman, and Matthews officiat- ing. In April, 1830, he was dismissed by letter for the purpose of becoming pastor of a church in Mont- gomery Co., Pa. The church at Lambertville, with six other churches, agreed to withdraw from the New Jersey Association on Oct. 2, 1828, for the purpose of forming the Central New Jersey Association, which Association was duly organized in the same montli, at Hightstown. On July 9, 1831, license to preach the gospel was given to Benjamin Braker, late of England. September 10th of the same year David B. Stout, who had been baptized into the fellowship of the church on April 19, 1829, was granted permission to preach the gospel for a season in the bounds of the neighboring churches, and on Oct. 13, 1831, a full license was given him. On March 31st following he was chosen a supply for one year, and on the 10th of the next May he was ordained, Elders John Boggs, Joseph Matthews, James B. Bowen, and Charles Bartolette officiating. From November, 1831, until April, 1832, when Mr. Stout took charge, the pulpit was supplied by Elder Joseph Wright, who had previously been pastor of the First Baptist Church of Butternuts, Otsego Co., N. Y. The previous pastor of the Ijambertville Church held decidedly the views of those known as " Old-School Baptists," and the church was so leav- ened with his teaching that Mr. Wright's advocacy of Sunday-schools, foreign missions, and ministerial edu- cation were distasteful to many, and in consequence he withdrew. June 5, 1833, Mr. Stout, who had sup- plied the pulpit since April 1st of the previous year, vyas called as pastor for one year, and on Jan. 4, 1834, a call was made to him to become pastor without limit of time. He served the church for over five years, for six months in connection with the Baptist Church of New Britain, Pa., after that for three years in connection with the Baptist Church of Harborton. The remainder of his pastorate was exclusively con- fined to the Lambertville Church. He resigned April 16, 1837, to become pastor of the Baptist Church at Middletown, N. J., where he continued in the active duties of the ministry until his death, in 1876. When Mr. Stout became the pastor of the church here the membership numbered only 19 ; when he resigned his charge it had increased to 85. • The largest number received in any one year during his ministry was 36 ; the whole number baptized was 45. In 1835 the church edifice was enlarged. The work was commenced in July and finished in October. On Oct. 1, 1836, J. S. Eisenbrey was licensed to preach the gospel. Oct. 25, 1837, a call was presented to Elder E. Saxtou, which he declined. On Decem- ber 2d of the same year a call was extended to Mr. Daniel Kelsey, of Cohansey, N. J., which he accepted, entering upon his duties early in the following year. He was ordained Feb. 19, 1838, Elders D. B. Stout and Joseph Wright officiating. He served the church about six months, when he resigned. Elder John Segur was called to be pastor Nov. 10, 1838, and about the middle of the next month entered upon his duties. At the commencement of his pas- torate a powerful religious interest was awakened under the preaching of Elder Ketchum, an evangel- ist, and, as the result of it, 44 persons were received into the membership. Mr. Segur closed his pasto- rate April 1, 1840, having served for a period of one year and four months. In May, 1840, the Rev. George Young, of Burling- ton, accepted a call, and remained until March, 1841, when he resigned to take charge of the Baptist Church in Paterson, N. J. In December of the same year the Rev. J. B. Walter supplied the pulpit for three months. His engagement was subsequently ex- tended, and he remained one year and four months. March 4, 1843, letters of dismission were granted to 20 members for the purpose of constituting the Solebury Baptist Church, and on the 3d of April Mr. Walter and two other members were dismissed to the same church, of which Mr. Walter became pastor. The Rev. George Young was again called to the pastorate and, accepting the call, continued in charge for nine months and a half, giving half of his time to the church at Sandy Eidge. William B. Shrope was invited in October, 1844, to supply the church until spring. In the following June he was ordained ; in January, 1846, he became pastor. A remarkable religious interest, under the preaching of Elder Ferguson, an evangelist, greatly stirred the church, adding to its numbers and its strength, about 40 being received into its membership. The Rev. John Davis, of Hamburg, N. J., was called. May 6, 1849, to the pastorate, Mr. Shrope hav- ing resigned his charge the previous December. Mr. Davis remained until Aug. 11, 1850, when he resigned to become agent of the American and Foreign Bible Society. Oct. 26, 1851, Rev. A. Armstrong took pastoral charge of the church, which at this time was in a low state, but soon began to revive. In 1853 a neat and 2*78 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. substantial parsonage was built, and enlarged about three years later. The church edifice was also en- larged and remodeled. The work was commenced in August, 1863, and the building was rededicated March 30, 1854. Mr. Armstrong resigned his charge Nov. 30, 1860, having served nine years and baptized 110 persons. The Rev. Henry A. Cordo, of New Brunswick, succeeded him. May 1, 1861, and continued in charge until October 1, 1864, when he accepted a call to the First Baptist Church of Meriden, Conn. In 1864 the church withdrew from the Central New Jersey Association to aid in forming the Trenton Association, but in 1870 returned to her old home in the Central Association. Rev. Franklin Johnson, formerly of Bay City, Mich., became pa,stor Dec. 1, 1864, and served the church until June, 1866, when he removed to Passaic, N. J., to take Charge of the Baptist church there. It is to him the credit is due of inciting and encourag- ing the people to undertake the erection of the pres- ent edifice. He was succeeded by Rev. Charles E. Young (son of a former pastor), who continued in charge |rom September, 1 866, until January 10, 1869, when, owing to failing health, he resigned his pastor- ate. During his brief ministry here there was a large ingathering to the membership of the church. It was also while he was pastor that the corner-stone of the present house of worship was laid, Sept. 9, 1868. The building is of the Romanesque order, after de- signs of David Gendell, Esq., of Philadelphia, and the material is freestone, the front being of cut stone, including the tower, which is 85 feet high. The dimensions of the building are : width, 53J feet, length, 101 feet, exclusive of the tower. The lecture- room is under the main audience-room, but raised above the level of the street, and will comfortably seat 400 persons. In the rear are rooms for church- parlor, infant-school, and library. In 1869 the corporate name of the church was changed, by act of Legislature, from " Lambertville Baptist Church" to "The First Baptist Church of Lambertville." The lecture-room was dedicated March 17, 1870. Rev. A. D. Willifer was called to the pastoral charge Sept. 27, 1869, and came on November 7th. He continued pastor until February, 1874. Rev. Charles H. Thomas, the next pastor, com- menced his labors Nov. 16, 1874, but in December, 1879, removed to Philadelphia, having accepted a call in that city. He was succeeded by the present pastor, the Rev. W. M. Mick. The whole number received into the membership of the church from the date of its organization to Jan. 1, 1881, is as follows : By baptism, 695 ; by certifi- cate, 220 ; experience, 31 ; restoration, 23. Dismissed by letter, 299 ; excluded, 171 ; deceased, 93. Present membership, 396. The names of those who have served as deacons are as follows: William Garrison, Lemuel Howell, William Drake, Isaac Fergus, James Ashmore, John R. Swallow, Thomas S. Murray, Charles McDonald, George H. Larison, William O. Talcott, John H. Roberts, Philip Marshall, Levi Stout, Theodore Housel, Levi Clawson, Alexander Grant, Martin L. Reeve, Lewis S. Paxson, George Pierson, Henry Stout, Thomas C. Horn, William G. Moore, John Van Horn. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.* It is impossible to fix the date when Methodist ' itinerants first preached the gospel in this place. The tradition is that tlie itinerant who preached in New Hope frequently served here, long before any society was formed. In the early part of the present century a Quarterly Meeting was held in Hunterdon County, not far from Lambertville. In the spring of 1837 the Rev. Mr. Heavender and the Rev. James M. Tuttle were ap- pointed to labor in the Flemington Circuit. They made a bi-weekly appointment for preaching at the house of Mrs. Gerhart, on Coryell Street, — the house now occupied by William Lyman, Esq., opposite Ly- ceum Hall (the old Methodist church). Soon after this appointment was made a class was formed, which consisted of the following persons : Mrs. Gerhart, Mrs. Bateman, Newton Bateman, John Silvers, and James Taylor. There were a few others, whose names have not been obtained. The ministers who commenced this work here in 1837 were returned to the circuit the following year. Permission was granted to preach in the room where a day-school was kept by Robert M. Foust. This was in the frame building, now turned into a dwelling, next to the residence of Mr. Charles Barber, on the west side of Union Street, between York and Coryell Streets. The attendance on the preaching increased, and soon the necessity for erecting a house of worship became apparent. John Silvers was appointed the first class-leader in the infant church ; but, as he lived at Mount Airy, the duty of leading generally devolved on Newton Bateman, his assistant. In 1839 the society in Lambertville was attached to that of Pennington. The circuit was known in Con- ference as the Pennington and Rock Ridge mission. Isaac Winner and Thomas Henry were the ministers. Mr. Henry took an active part in erecting the church building, which was completed in 1839, and is now known as Lyceum Hall. The trustees were Jesse Matthews, of Amwell ; Wilson Bray, of Kingwood ; John Silvers, of Mount Airy ; Alexander Coryell, of Lambertville; and Thomas Henry, the minister in charge. The building committee consisted of Alex- ander Coryell and Thomas Henry. The church was « For the ijarticulnrs of the hiatory of the Metliodist Episcopal Church of Lambertville we are indebted to a series of articles ou that subject pub- liBlied in tlie Lambeitville Beneon. CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 279 dedicated in 1840 by the Eev. Charles Pitman and D. W. Bartine. In the spring of 1840 the Eev. J. Lewis was ap- pointed to labor in the Pennington charge. The Con- ference gave him a nominal supervision of the church at Lambertville, with the understanding that a young man by the name of Noah Edwards should be sent to minister to the people. Mr. Edwards was quite successful in his efforts to promote the welfare of the church. About this time Jeremiah Hoff, who had recently come into the neighborhood, became identified with the church. This estimable and somewhat eccentric man had long been a Methodist, and had done very earnest and efficient work for his denomination in other parts of the State. He was universally known as "Father Hoff," and his quaint and pointed say- ings were often repeated by his acquaintances and friends. In 1841 the Lambertville charge was detached from that of Pennington, and the Rev. William Rogers was appointed pastor. He was a devout and earnest man, but, on account of feeble health, could perform but little work. In 1842 the church was placed on the Flemington Circuit, and the Revs. J. W. McDougal and T. T. Campfield were appointed the preachers. There was great religious interest in all parts of the circuit, and the Lambertville Church shared largely in the results. In 1843 the Revs. Edward and Joseph F. Canfield were appointed to labor on the Flemington Circuit, which still included Lambertville. During this year a church was built in West Amwell, which is now known as the " Rock church." On the old records of that society are the following familiar names : Jesse Matthews, a local preacher and steward; Nelson Abbott, an exhorter ; John Udy, Joseph Abbott, and John Q. Taylor, leaders ; Walter Harhourt and Manville Dayton, members, and many others whom space will not permit us to mention. In the list is the name of Levi Larue, who is now a member of the New Jersey Conference. The Rock Church remained in connection with the Lambert- ville Church until 1858, when it was detached, and, with the church at New Market, formed into an inde- pendent charge. Lambertville was made a separate charge in 1844, and the Rev. Mr. Putnam was appointed pastor. His ministry here was quite successful. He was suc- ceeded, in 1845, by the Rev. A. E. Ballard, who was a single man, and consequently required but a small support. But, small as his salary was, the church was so weak in numbers and resources that it was very difficult to raise it. Under his ministry there was a large accession to the church, and a greater stimulus was given to Christian activity among its members than ever before. The Eev. Thomas T. Campfield was again sent to this- charge in 1846, and his labors were not without good results. He continued here but one year, as most of his predecessors had, and was followed, in 1847, by the Rev. E. H. Stokes, who remained two years, " greatly beloved by all the people and emi- nently successful as a minister of the gospel." " In 1849 the Rev. E. Hance was appointed pastor. Through his exertions, aided by the presiding elder, the Rev. John K. Shaw, the church debt was greatly reduced. For many years the feeble society staggered under a heavy debt, which at one time brought the church near the verge of ruin. For the reduction of this debt the society is greatly indebted to Mr. Hance." He was succeeded, in 1851, by the Rev. A. M. Palmer. Through Mr. Palmer's efforts the parsonage was built. " His pastorate was also blessed with an extensive revival of religion in the Rock Church. "In 1858 the Rev. Enoch Green was appointed pastor. Some valuable members were added to the church under his ministry. In this year the Rev. Benjamin L. Thomas, a local preacher and a member of the Lambertville Church, joined the Conference. His health, however, failed, and he located the same year. "In 1855 the Rev. S. E. Post became pastor." During his ministry the church edifice was remod- eled and many were added to the membership. In 1857 the Rev. Joseph Ashbrook was appointed pastor. Some valuable members were added to the church under his ministry. The Rev. John Fort suc- ceeded him, in 1859, and under his charge the church continued to flourish. In 1861 the Rev. John Stephenson was appointed to labor here. He had been in the Wesleyan ministry in England, and about 1865 returned to that country, where he is now laboring as a clergyman in the Es- tablished Church. "His preaching was appreciated by the church here, and blessed of God in the salva- tion of souls. During this year (1861) many of the church-members entered the service of their country ; some fell on the field of battle, others suffered in rebel prisons, and some returned to their homes after three or four years of faithful service." In 1863 the Rev. Thomas Hanlon, D.D., assumed pastoral charge, and in the following winter, during the special services, a general and widespread interest was awakened in the church, resulting in a large ad- dition to the membership. The next pastor was the Rev. J. B. Graw, D.D., who came here in the spring of 1865. In June of that year the congregation resolved to build a new house of worship. On August 1st the work was com- menced, and in the summer of 1866 the church was dedicated. The dedication sermon was preached by the Rev. Bishop Simpson. The new edifice is well proportioned and tastefully and substantially built. It is 55 feet in width by 80 in length, exclusive of tower. Much credit is due to the Rev. Drs. Hanlon and Graw for the erection of 280 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. this building, — to the one for his agency in securing an eligible site, and to the other for urging the jjeople on to the inception and completion of the work which they had had in view. Dr. Graw was succeeded in the pastoral charge by the Eev. Henry M. Brown, who remained two years. The next was the Rev. William Walton, who was here three years. The Rev. John S. Heisler suc- ceeded Mr. Walton in the spring of 1873, but had charge of the church only one year. During that year, however, there were many members added. The Rev. Charles R. Hartranft was the next in succession, and the first to occupy the tasteful parsonage which had been built during the previous year. The Rev. Richard A. Chalker was sent here by Conference the next year (1875), and was returned for the two fol- lowing years. The present pastor, the Rev. Henry G. Williams, came in March, 1878, and was returned by Conference for the two following years. His pastoral term will expire in March, 1881. The present officers of the church are : Trustees, William Johnson, John J. German, Alexandei' Silvers, Wil- liam F. Herr, Rufus Reed, M. D., George K. Mellick, Wesley Case. Stewards, John B. Conine, Austin Green, Johnson J. Lair, Thomas E. Louden, William H. Wilmot, Charles W. Bunn, Johu H. Kennedy, George M. Shamalia. Sunday-school Superinlendeni, Rufus Reed, M.D. THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. The corner-stone of the Roman Catholic church was laid in the summer of 1842. After the ceremony was finished the large congregation present was ad- dressed by the Very Rev. Dr. Moriarty, at that time pastor of the church of St. Augustine, Philadelphia. The service of the church had been at intervals ad- ministered here at the houses of members of that denomination before there was any church edifice built. Among the first to officiate here was the Rev. Daniel McGorian. He was pastor at that time, if we mistake not, of St. John's Church, Trenton. The Rev. John Charles Gilligan afterwards offici- ated here, and it was under his ministry that the church was built. He was succeeded by the Rev. John P. Makin, who subsequently went to Trenton, where he labored for so many years, much beloved by his people and respected by the community generally. If we are correctly informed, the next incumbent of the priesthood was the Rev. Mr. Hannegan, dur- ing whose ministry the parsonage was built. Next to him came a French priest, the Rev. Mr. Jego, who officiated here from early in 1854 until 1861. He was succeeded by the Rev. James Carney, who was an incumbent of the pastoral office for two years, when he sickened and died, deeply lamented by the people of his parish. His immediate successor, the Rev. James Callen, remained only one year. For the next three years— namely, from 1864 to 1867 — the pastoral functions were discharged by the Rev. James O'Keefe. He was followed by the Rev. Hugh Mur- phy, who remained until 1873, when the Rev. P. F. Connolly took charge. The latter, after serving this church three years, removed to Bordentown. His successor was the Rev. M. J. Connolly, who came early in the spring of 1876, but died in January, 1878.* Soon afterwards the present incumbent of the pastoral office, the Rev. Henry Ter-Woert, was sent here by the bishop. Since he has had charge the church has made purchase of a valuable lot on Bridge Street, on which it is intended to erect a new house of worship when the financial condition of the church will justify it. ST. ANDREW'S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. We are unable to give as full and minute an ac- count as is desirable. Most of the facts here pre- sented have been taken from a brief historical paper prepared by the Rev. Dr. Putnam, of Jersey City, and read at the reopening of the church edifice for divine worship, Aug. 4, 1867. "The documents at present existing, consisting of copies of letters written more than a century ago and parochial records of equal antiquity, together with legislative enactments and conventional journals, show that as early as 1725 St. Andrew's Church, Amwell, was in existence and was a flourishing parish." It was then located at Ringos. The parish was organized under a charter granted by the British Crown, by a missionary of the vener- able society " for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." The name of the missionary does not appear in any of the papers now accessible. "The fact transpires, however, that a most unhappy differ- ence arising between the pastor and his flock re- sulted not only in his leaving there, but in nearly breaking up and dispersing his congregation." In 1768, some eighteen years subsequent to this dis- astrous trouble, the Rev. William Frazer, a man of evidently superior character, was appointed by the venerable society a missionary to St. Andrew's Church, Amwell, with the charge, also, of congregations at Kingwood (now Alexandria) and Musconetcong. There is a letter of Mr. Frazer's in existence to the Rev. Dr. Benton, of London, describing his mission- ary field at the time when he entered upon his task in it. " At Amwell," he writes, " there is the shell of a stone church, with three families only of the old congregation remaining who have not forsaken it. At Kingwood there are thirty families, but no church edifice, public worship having to be celebrated in barns and private houses, and wherever else accom- modation can be had." Dividing his time equally between these three con- gregations, Mr. Frazer labored with great assiduity and devotion until the breaking out of the Revolu- tionary struggle, the records extant showing that his baptisms of infants and adults numbered more than 200. * His funeral wjis attended by alarge congregation. The servicee were conducted by the Bight Rev. Bishop Corrigan, of Newark, assisted by a large number of the clergy of his diocese. CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 281 As lie was a loyalist, and as, of course, holding ap- pointment and pay from the English society, he could not consistently omit the prayers for the king and Parliament, piiblic sentiment demanded the closing of his church and the cessation of his ministry. This continued while the war lasted; and, though there are traces of his pen in his letters to the Eev. Dr. Benton, indicating that he was exposed to severe suf- ferings and trials, yet his conduct must have been very prudent and his character very high, as no sooner were the hostilities over than, with general acceptance, he opened his church again and resumed his ministry, as appears from the following certificate, bearing the original signatures of the wardens and vestrymen at that time in of&ce : " We, the subscribers, wardens and vestrymen of St. Andrew's Church, in the township of Amwell, county of Hunterdon, and Western Division of the State of New Jersey, do certify and declare. That the Rev'd Wil- liam Frazer did open his church in said Amwell on Christmas Day last, and has ever since regularly performed divine service in the same ; and, as far as is consistent with our knowledge, his conduct and behavior has been prudent and exemplary, and in evei-y respect becoming a minister of the Gospel. " Witness our hand this seventeenth day of September, in the year of onr Lord 1785. " Evans Godown, Robert Sharp, Wardens. "Joseph Robeson, John Anderson, Jonas Chatburn, Sam'l Opdycke, John Meldrum, Robert Stevenson, John Stevenson, John Tottei'son, David Heath, John Welch, Veslnjmen" Of Mr. Frazer it remains to say that he continued in the active discharge of his ministry and in teach- ing a classical school in Trenton (which seems to have been undertaken when the war suspended his public services) until 1795, when, after a Sunday spent in Amwell, he returned to his home, and died suddenly the day following, at the age of fifty-two. The death of Mr. Frazer left his large and impor- tant field in Hunterdon County without any other care than the infrequent and irregular visits of the clergymen in charge of St. Michael's, in Trenton, and those from the lower part of the State, and in course of time from the bishop, for nearly fifty years. The church seemed well-nigh extinct. " In 1845, however, the Eev. Mr. Adams, having charge of the churches at Flemington, Alexandria, and Clinton, came to Lambertville, it being within the limits of the ancient parish of Amwell. Here Col. John Sharp and Judge John Coryell, as surviving members of old St. Andrew's, co-operated with him in organizing the corporation, under the general act of the Legislature of New Jersey, under the title of St. Andrew's Church, Amwell, at Lambertville,' Col. Sharp and Dr. John Lilly being the wardens, and Judge Coryell being senior vestryman, thus continuing the old parish into the new. Under these auspices the present church edifice was erected, and, though there was a brief period of prosperity, it soon passed away. Great domestic sorrow desolating the home of Mr. Adams, his departure became a matter of necessity, again subjecting the remnant who adhered to the church to the same infrequent and irregular ministrations that 19 had been its fortune for half a century, until, in the providence of God, in the spring of 1850, the Eev. David Brown assumed the pastoral charge, which he continued to hold until August, 1867." During that summer the church building was reno- vated and greatly improved. "It was reopened for divine worship on Sunday, Aug. 4, 1867, with appro- priate services." The Eev. Dr. Putnam, of Jersey City, who was deputed by Bishop Odenheimer, he not being able to be present, read a history of the parish ; the Eev. Dr. Walker, of Burlington, preached the sermon ; and an address was delivered by the Eev. David Brown. In the evening, owing to the sudden death of the wife of the Hon. Samuel Lilly, M.D., only the service was read, in which the Eev. Mr. Forges, of Flemington, assisted. By means of the repairs and alterations then made the church presents a very neat appearance. The chancel was handsomely frescoed, the seats rearranged, the walls replastered, and one of Frink's patent re- flectors put in, which illuminates the church in the most perfect manner, throwing a mellow light in every part of the room. The outward appearance of the building was also somewhat changed, the cone on the tower having been removed and a neat scroll-work substituted ; a vestry-room was also built at the rear of the edifice. St. Andrew's Church has passed through many trials and discouragements, but just now the outlook is more hopeful than it has been for several years. From September, 1866, till Aug. 4, 1867, Eev. F. B. Chetwood acted as assistant to the rector. From August, 1867 (after Mr. Brown's resignation), to May, 1868, Eev. W. G. Walker, D.D., of Burlington, sup- plied the pulpit. From May 24, 1868, till May 1, 1869, the Eev. William McGlathery was rector ; Sept. 12, 1869, till March, 1870, Eev. Charles Eitter; Nov. 27, 1870, till April 10, 1871, Eev. Samuel H. Meade ; Oct. 16, 1871, till Oct. 1, 1872, Eev. John Ireland; Nov. 3, 1872, until the spring of 1873, Eev. J. Van Linge, D.D. During the remainder of 1873 the church was in charge of the bishop of the diocese, services being rendered by several clergymen. From January, 1874, Frederic P. Davenport officiated as lay-reader until his ordination to the deaconate. May 31st of the same year. From that time he continued in charge till September, 1875. The Eev. William Wardlaw officiated from October, 1875, till August, 1876 ; from October, 1876, till Aug- ust, 1877, the Eev. William Baum; from October, 1877, till Jan. 20, 1879, the Eev. Thomas B. Newby. He was elected rector Dec. 4, 1877. Sept. 21, 1879, the Eev. Elvin K. Smith, as missionary in Hunter- don County by appointment of Bishop Scarborough, became pastor of St. Andrew's Church, one of the missions in the county. Some account of the life of the Eev. David Brown, who was for seventeen years a rector of St. Andrew's Church well deserves a place in these annals. He 282 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. was born in Hopkinstown, K. I., Oct. 3, 1786. In the spring of 1799 he removed to Stephentown, N. Y., and from there to Cobleskill, Schoharie Co., N. Y., in 1800. He taught school for a number of years, and married at the age of nineteen. In 1807 he studied law. In 1816, feeling called to enter the ministry, he went to the city of New York to study divinity with the Eev. Theodore Lyell, CD. In the mean while he kept the church academy for one year. He was ordained in 1816 by Bishop Hobart. His first ministerial labors were at Hyde Park, N. Y. ; afterwards he ministered in sacred things at Fredonia and Lockport, in the same State. While at Fredonia he had the pleasure, as well as the honor, of receiving the "nation's guest," Gen. Lafayette, on his visit to that village in June, 182.5. In 1833 he removed to St. Augustine, Fla., and from thence to Florence, Ala. He then removed to Cold Spring, N. Y. In July, 1850, he was instituted rector of St. Andrew's Church, Lambertville, by Bishop Doane. He resigned his charge in August, 1867, but continued to reside in Lambertville until his death, in December, 1875. He was married three times. His last wife died only a few weeks before the termination of his own useful and honorable life. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Until 1843 there were no public schools in the place. During that year a two-story brick school- house was erected on the east side of Franklin Street, between York and Coryell Streets, which has since been turned into a, dwelling. Previous to 1843 there had been good private schools, and at several times classical schools were commenced, which flourished for a while and then declined. The proximity to Trenton and the facility of communica- tion with that city have induced many to send their children to its excellent schools ; so that it has seemed impossible to keep up a select school of a high grade for any length of time in Lambertville. The first principal of the public school here was William H. Lord. He was assisted and succeeded by a Mr. Sexton. After him, David Cole, Arthur W. Lundy, and Enoch Drake successively had charge. These all taught in the school-house in Franklin Street. The first trustees were Samuel Haselton, Jacob B. Smith, George A. Kohl, James Britton, Burroughs Hunt. Samuel Haselton was president of the board, and George A. Kohl treasurer. In 1853 the spacious school-house on Coryell's Hill was built, and the services of an experienced teacher, James M. Robinson, were secured. He continued as principal for several years, when he resigned his po- sition, and was succeeded by Thomas J. Willever. William Lyman was the next principal. Upon his resignation James M. Robinson was again placed in charge, and continued to be principal until his death, in 1871. L. K. Strouse was appointed in his place, and after serving for three years was succeeded by Thomas Ruth, who was an incumbent of the office only one year, at the expiration of which the present principal, Charles W. Bunn, was chosen in his stead. Owing to the lack of room in the school-house on Coryell's Hill, and to the necessity of having a graded system of schools, a building for a primary school was erected in the Third Ward in 1875, and another building for the same purpose in the First Ward in 1878. The present valuation of school property is $16,000, and the school expenses aggregate about $10,000 per annum. Fifteen teachers are at present employed. The school district is known as "Lambertville, No. 108." REMINISCENCES— PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENTS —MANUFACTORIES. Within a few years after the establishment of the post-office here under the name of Lambertsville, the village came to be known altogether by that title. In course of time the name was changed by usage from Lambertsville to Lambertville. The town-plat was gradually enlarged as street after street was laid out. The Old York Road origi- nally extended from the ferry below the site of the Delaware bridge through what is now Ferry Street, past the old stone tavern before mentioned to the cor- ner of Main and Ferry Streets, thence up the river road, or Main Street, to the corner of York, and thence up the bed of the creek nearly in the line of the present York Road. When the corner-stone of the Presbyterian church was lai4 there was an orchard immediately to the east of it, the gate to which was a little to the east of Gordon's Alley. Not long after this. Church Street was laid out to Union Street, which was opened at or before this time from Bridge to Coryell Street. Bridge Street was laid out on the completion of the New- Hope Delaware bridge, and the Bridge Street Hotel was built about the same time by Capt. John Lam- bert. Coryell Street, which was not legally laid out until Dec. 1, 1818, must have been opened as early as 1803, as the houses of Dr. Richard Kroesen and of Joshua Anderson were built in that year. The Georgetown and Franklin turnpike, extending from Georgetown (or Lambertville) to New Bruns- wick, was incorporated Feb. 25, 1816. The invest- ment, however, was not at all remunerative : hence the charter was given up, and the turnpike became a public road, Sept. 14, 1841. York Street must have been opened not long before 1826, as there were no houses built on it west of Main Street until that date. Union Street was a mere alley above Coryell Street and half way to York until 1842, when it was made of uniform width to Delevan Street. Delevan Street was opened about 1832. At that 1 D e DiiU CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 283 time there was a thrifty orchard where that street is, between the river road, or Main Street, and Gordon's Alley. Formerly the river road, above Delevan, had its course a little east of its present location, there being a turn in it eastward just above the old brewery, and another westward, this side of the old Holcombe man- sion. Where the road now runs just above the brew- ery there was a small burying-ground for colored people. Below Swan's Creek, before 1849, there were no streets laid out. Until the autumn of 1857, Delevan Street was the farthest street north. At some time during that autumn the lowlands belonging to John Holcombe, lately deceased, — the son of Richard and grandson of the first Holcombe who settled here, — were sold, and several streets were soon thereafter laid out and several dwellings erected. All the houses and places of business which we now see above Delevan Street have been built since the autumn of 1857. In 1871, Mr. Eichard McDowell purchased the tract east of Mount Hope Cemetery, opened several streets and divided the tract into building-lots. This has grown to be a very pleasant part of the town, known as Cottage Hill, from every part of which a fine view can be had of the surrounding country. Before and during the period of the Eevolution there was no road along the river below Coryell's Ferry. There was a by-road leading to the foot of Goat Hill and up to the farm-house near the summit. Years afterwards a road was opened, down the river across Swan's Creek near its mouth and immediately along the river-bank, to a point at the distance of two miles, whence its course became identical with that of the present road. When the canal was excavated the road was made an extension of Main Street from the foot of Goat Hill, where it crossed the canal and extended along its bank nearly in the course in which the road had run before, but elevated more above the level of the river, to the point before mentioned two miles distant, whence, recrossing the canal, it became identical with the road as it now is from that point onward. The road as first designated was not, how- ever, legally laid out from Bridge Street to the Prime Hope Mills (then existing), near Wells' Falls, until Dec. 19, 1827. When the Belvidere Delaware Kail- road was built it compelled the vacating of the public road on the bank of the canal, between the canal and the river, and the making of it along the base of Goat Hill. Just at this point some mention of the public im- provements which have done so much for Lambert- ville may naturally be made. The feeder of the Delaware and Raritan Canal was commenced in 1831 and completed in the summer of 1834. The excursion in celebration of the canal was made to Lambertville June 25th of the latter year, and on the next day was the excursion to New Bruns- wick. The Belvidere Delaware Railroad was finished as far as Lambertville in February, 1851. It was com- pleted to Manunka Chunk in 1857. The building of this railroad gave an impetus to business here, stimu- lated manufacturing, and gave value to the water- power in affording facility of communication to the great cities. The machine-shops of the railroad were located here, and until the lease of the property of the United Railroads of New Jersey to the Pennsyl- vania Railroad locomotives as well as passenger- and freight-cars were constructed at these shops. Al- though this branch of industry has been removed, yet the needful repairs to cars and locomotives still give employment to a large number of men. There had been some manufacturing in the village before the building of the railroad. The flouring-mill now under the management of Holcombe & Niece was built in 1835. A few years later the flouring- and saw-mills now owned by Frederic F. Lear were built by William Hall. About the same time a saw-mill was erected by Burroughs Hunt. There had been a small mill near Wells' Falls, on the New Jersey side of the river, about the time of the Revolution, but this was demolished to make way for mills which were considered quite extensive in that day. The latter, known as the Prime Hope Mills, were built by Benjamin and David Parry, not far from the year 1790. The Messrs. Parry conducted an extensive business at these mills and at their mills in New Hope. They were among the first to send kiln-dried corn- meal to the West Indies. When the Belvidere Dela- ware Railroad was built the Prime Hope Mills had to be demolished, and not a vestige of them remains except a small part of the foundation walls. Up to the time of building the railroad the village was still much resorted to for lumber. After that time, however, there was quite a marked change in this respect. The lumber trade was much diminished. To more than compensate for this, manufactures of various kinds were much increased. THE LAMBERTVILLE IKON-WOEKS, which were first established here by Laver & Cowin in the spring of 1849, are now in the possession of Ashbel Welch, Jr. The principal business consists in the making of patent axles, of the patent Eclipse safety-boilers, and of steam-engines. The making of axles, which is a new branch of business in this estab- lishment, is steadily increasing. INBIA-IIUBBEE MANUFACTURE. The manufacture of India-rubber goods was com- menced in 1860, but, not proving successful, the busi- ness ceased for a time. The property having passed into other hands, the business was begun again on Jan. 18, 1865, but was carried on in a moderate way, only 12 or 15 persons being at first employed. On March 13, 1868, the main factory-building was de- stroyed by fire. It was then decided to rebuild on a larger scale and to add new and improved manufac- 284 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. turing facilities. Hitherto the manufacture had been confined principally to the lighter class of work, but on the completion of the repairs and improvements, in October, 1868, the manufacture of a heavier class of goods, such as belting, packing, etc., was begun. Additions and, improvements have since been made from time to time, requiring the emploj'ment of more persons, until now there are 125 employed, and the variet)' of work made is surpassed by only two or three factories in the country. The boot department, which was commenced in December, 1876, has greatly enlarged the business of the company. PAPER-MILLS. The " Mountain Spring Mill," the first paper-mill in Lambertville, was built by James C. Weeden. It was commenced Dec. 4, 1859, and finished in the summer of 1860. The business was very successfully carried on by the firm of James C. Weeden & Co. until the death of Mr. Weeden, in March, 1866. The name of the firm, however, was continued, and the business was conducted by the widow of Mr. Weeden and her nephew, William H. Gandy, with the same degree of success for several years. Aug. 16, 1878, the firm was dissolved and the business, until July 31, 1879, was conducted in behalf of Mrs. Weeden by Edward R. Solliday. Since that time it has been managed for her by Cornelius Lake. The " Perseverance Paper-Mill" was built by Wil- liam McCready in the spring of 1868. The business was conducted by him until July 1, 1870, when an organization was formed with the title of the " Lambertville Paper Manufacturing Company," under whose management the business has been con- tinued ever since. The first ofiicers were William Cowin, President; Joseph Smith, Secretary and Treasurer ; William McCready, Superintendent. Mr. Cowin subsequently resigned his office, and Griffith L. Williams was elected in his stead. Since that time there has been no change in the ofiicers of the company. The mill was much enlarged in the summer of 1879, and again in the autumn of 1880. It has facilities for steam- as well as for water-power. Its capacity for production is 8000 pounds a day, and it gives employment to 40 operatives. The products of its manufacture are manilla and flour-sack paper, for which the principal markets are New York and Phila- delphia. The " Centennial Paper-Mill" began operations under the management of William H. Gandy & Co., July 4, 1876, but on November 1st of that year the present firm — McDowell & Son — came into possession of the mill. The firm is engaged in the almost exclu- sive manufacture of manilla paper. About 30 opera- tives are employed. The mill is capable of producing more than 7000 pounds of paper daily. In fact, all the paper-mills of Lambertville are prospering under their several eflicient managers, and we hope are destined, with the other vigorously- conducted manufacturing establishments, to add to the wealth and jarosperity of the town. THE COTTON-MILL. A meeting was held on Feb. 2, 1866, for the pur- pose of considering the feasibility of organizing a company for the manufacture of cotton thread, and it was decided to form such an organization. Accord- ingly, a charter for the " Amwell Mills Company" was obtained on April 6, 1866. The first ofiicers were William Cowin, President; Joseph J. Frazer, Secre- tary ; Joshua Hilton, Superintendent. Mr. Hilton resigned his ofiice March 9, 1868, when Joseph J. Frazer was elected in his jilace, continuing until December, 1873, when he resigned on his re- moval to Massachusetts. Josejah Smith succeeded Mr. Frazer in January, 1874. Owing to the financial depression throughout the country and the over-production of cotton goods, the company met with but little success, but was reorgan- ized Nov. 1, 1877, under the corporate title of " The Amwell Spinning Company," and has since been more prosperous ; it lately declared a dividend of six per cent., clear of tax, on its net earnings during the past year. The officers of the new company are as follows : Ashbel Welch, President; Joseph Smith, Treasurer and Manager; Ashbel Welch, Jr., Secretary. The cotton yarn whicli the company manufacture is reputed to be of excellent quality. THE SPROAT MANUFACTURING COMPANY was organized Nov. 1, 1880. It manufactures twine and rope from jute, flax, and hemp. The capacity of the mill is 2000 pounds per day, and it gives employ- ment to 42 persons. The officers of the company are Ashbel Welch, President; Joseph Smith, Secretary and Treasurer ; John Sproat, Superintendent. In 1843, John Sproat (now deceased), the father of the present superintendent, came to Lambertville and leased of Jonathan Fisk a building which stood below where the railroad-station now is and converted it into a twine-factory, and with his brother Henry com- menced business as the firm of J. & H. Sproat. In 1847 the factory was destroyed by fire. It was, how- ever, rebuilt, and business was resumed. In 1855 the firm sold out their interests to James French, and the brothers Sproat removed to Lansing- burg, N. Y., but in three years moved back again and took possession of their former mill. In 1862, John Sproat, Sr., removed into the substantial brick building now owned by the Sproat Manufacturing Company. Upon the death of Mr. Sproat and the settling up of his estate the mill lay idle for a considerable time, but seems now to have commenced with most favor- able auspices under the new management. CITY OF LAMBEETVILLE. 285 TtJE LAMBERTVILLE SPOKE-MANUFACTUKING COMPANY carries on an extensive business and sends its pro- ducts to the most distant regions of the globe. Aus- tralia, New Zealand, and California, as well as Great Britain and some parts of the European continent, furnish a market for its wares. The business has within the last two years been greatly enlarged by facilities for making wheels, a sufficient number being manufactured every day to supply a hundred wagons. The manufacture of spokes was commenced here by Mr. William Thatcher, who built the mill, in 1868. He continued in the business for a short time only. For several years Mr. John Finney has been the leading member of the company, owning seven- eighths of the stock. In 1871, William G. Moore commenced the manu- facturing of spokes, but his mill is now running only a part of the time. THE STEAM SAW-MILL owned and managed by Cornelius Arnett was erected in 1863. Large quantities of hard-wood, and occa- sionally of pine, are sawed at this mill. Mr. Arnett sends ship-timber to the ship-yards on Staten Island and in New York City. He has also sent ship-timber to Australia. He is now largely en- gaged in preparing telegraphic supplies, such as pins and brackets. These he has sent largely to the Southern States, and once filled a large order for mili- tary service on the vast plains beyond the borders of civiliz ation. BANKING AND INSURANCE. THE LAMBEKTVILLE NATIONAL BANK was originally chartered as a State bank under the general banking law of New Jersey. Its charter was obtained June 20, 1857. Its first board of directors was chosen May 5, 1858, and consisted of the follow- ing persons : Samuel D. Stryker, James D. Stryker, Thomas B. Carr, Nelson V. Large, Jacob Skillman, Charles A. Skillman, Ingham Coryell, John G. Read- ing, Liscomb R. Titus, Charles Moore, and John C. Hopewell. Samuel D. Stryker was chosen president of the board, Charles A. Skillman secretary, and Martin L. Reeve cashier. The first discount com- mittee appointed were Samuel D. Stryker, Ingham Coryell, and Charles A. Skillman. Samuel D. Stryker continued to be president until his death, in January, 1863, when his brother, James D. Stryker, was chosen to succeed him, and has been annually re-elected to the present time. Martin L. Reeve served the bank faithfully as cashier until hk death, June 11, 1871. William Crook, who had served for a time as teller, was elec- ted to fill the vacancy thus created, and continued to act until January, 1874, when he resigned the office, and the teller, Isaiah P. Smith, was elected in his stead. Hampton C. Shafer was chosen in the place of Mr. Smith, and continued to act as teller and as- sistant cashier until his removal to Scranton, in January, 1881. Frank Phillips was chosen to fill his place. The original capital of the bank was $50,000 ; present capital, $100,000. It was chartered as a national bank July 20, 1865. Samuel D. Stryker, the first president, was one of the most successful and sagacious business men Lam- bertville has ever had. He came to this place in the spring of 1826, and remained here until his death. He was for many years treasurer, and then for a long while president, of the Hunterdon County Bible Society. He was seventy-two years of age at the time of his death. He left a large estate and bequeathed a sum of money for a public library, to become available when a like sum, principal and accruing interest, should be raised by the town of Lambertville or by any association of its citizens. Such an assoiia- tion, after a long delay, is about to be formed, to be known as the "Stryker Library Association." The money needed to meet the conditions has almost all been raised. AMWBLL NATIONAL BANK. "The Lambertville Building and Loan Savings- Bank" was incorporated Feb. 11, 1875, and dissolved July 26, 1876. Its first officers were the following : Samuel Lilly, M.D., President; William V. Cooley, Cashier; Richard McDowell, William L. Hoppock, John A. Anderson, Nelson V. Young, Henry C. Hooker, George A. Allen, Ashbel Welch, John Gro- man, William V. Cooley, Directors. On the dissolution of this bank the Amwell Na- tional was formed, with a capital of $60,000, which continued to be the capital until Jan. 14, 1879, when it was increased to $70,000. On July 28, 1876, the first board of directors was elected, — viz., Samuel Lilly, M.D., William V. Cooley, Ashbel Welch, Richard Mc- Dowell, Henry C. Hooker, William L. Hoppock, John A. Anderson, Hugh B. Ely, William V. Case, Hiram Scarborough, J. Patterson Smith. Samuel Lilly, M.D., was chosen president, Ashbel Welch vice- president, William V. Cooley cashier, and F. W. Van Hart teller. THE HUNTERDON COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM- PANY was organized March 13, 1845, and the first meeting was held at that date. John Coryell, Esq., was elected president and Jacob Servis Gary secretary. The officers of the company at the present time are as follows : Dr. Jeremiah Hayhurst, President ; Joseph Smith, Secretary; Charles A. Skillman, Treasurer; Augustus C. Barber, General Agent. GAS-LIGHT COMPANY. The Lambertville Gas Company was chartered April 21, 1856. The first officers chosen were the following : John Runk, President ; Charles A. Skill- man, Secretary; Samuel Lilly, M.D., Treasurer; Samuel Lilly, M.D., Liscomb R. Titus, Ingham 286 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Coryell, Samuel H. Titus, Thomas B. Carr, Alexander j H. Holcombe, Directors. The gas-works were built under contract with Lis- comb R. Titus. These have been much enlarged and improved. For several years they were not remuner- ative, but under the efficient management of Richard McDowell they have become profitable. For the five years beginning with 1870 and ending with 1874 the gas stock yielded a dividend of ten per cent, per annum, clear of tax, but since 1874 the dividend has been seven i^er cent. The present capital is $30,000, divided into 1500 shares at 120 a share. The present officers are James D. Stryker, President ; William V. Cooley, Treasurer ; Charles A. Skillman, Secretary ; Richard McDowell, Superintendent; William V. Cooley, William G. Moore, Richard McDowell, Henry C. Hooker, Augustus C. Barber, Charles A. Skillman, Directors. LAMBERTVILLE WATER-POWER COMPANY. The Lambertville Water-Power Company was or- ganized Oct. 28, 1857, and purchased of the estate of Dr. John Wilson, deceased, valuable lands and water- rights along the feeder of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, in the lower part of the town. Some of the most valuable mills have since been constructed on that water-power. Liscomb R. Titus, Imlah Moore, Charles Moore, Ingham Coryell, and Augustus G. Richey were elected the first board of directors. Lis- comb R. Titus was chosen president, Imlah Moore vice-president, and Charles Moore secretary and treas- urer. The following persons were chosen oflicers of the company in February, 1880: James D. Stryker, Presi- dent ; A. H. Holcombe, Secretary and Treasurer ; James D. Stryker, A. 0. Gandy, Joseph Sproat, Henry Matthews, Richard McDowell, Directors. LAMBERTVILLE WATER COMPANY. The Lambertville Water Comjoany was organized July 21, 1877. The water-right of a pond on Swan's Creek and two and eight-tenths acres were bought of A. Smith Wilson. The reservoir contains, when full, 1,800,000 gallons of water. The daily ilow of the creek into the reservoir has been carefully estimated at 400,000 gallons daily for nine months of the year, and 70,000 gallons daily for three months. The water-shed from which the water is collected is the " trap-dike" known as "Goat Hill," and has an area of 1000 acres, and, from a low estimate of the amount of rain-fall during the year that could be made available by impounding all the water, it would reach the enormous quantity of 326,700,000 gallons. THE LAMBERTVILLE VIGILANT SOCIETY « was organized Feb. 24, 1887. Jacob B. Smith, Esq., was made chairman, and William B. Ely secretary. * We are indebted for the facta here given to Dr. J. Hayhurst, wlio, as president, gave an historical address to the society at their annual meeting in February, 1877. Amos Ely, Ezekiel Blue, and William M. Case were appointed a committee to draft a constitution. Jacob B. Smith was elected the fiirst president of the association, and continued to be re-elected every year until his death, when Dr. Samuel Lilly was elected president in his stead, and served in that capacity until the annual meeting in 1857, when Johnson Barber was chosen. Mr. Barber was suc- ceeded, in 1860, by John H. Anderson, who held the office for two years. James D. Stryker was the next president. He was elected at the annual meeting in 1862, and held the office for six years, when the present incumbent, Dr. J. Hayhurst, was chosen. FIRE DEPARTMENT. We are not able to give the date at which the first fire company was formed in Lambertville, but of the first fire-engine many of the citizens have a distinct recollection. It was a very small machine, rotary iu its action and turned by a crank upon each side. It was nicknamed the "cofiee-mill." This gave jjlace to a heavy, lumbering machine named the " Globe," bought at second-hand from a Philadelphia com- pany. The fire company was then known as the " Union Fire Company." It was suffered to decline in interest, and became virtually defunct. This state of things continued for some time, when the "Aquetong Fire Company'' was formed, in 1863, and a new engine purchased from the manufacturers at Cohoes, N. Y. The new "Union Fire Company" was formed July 18, 1864. In September, 1869, a steamer was purchased, and has proved to be a very effective engine. " The Fleet- Wing Hook-and-Ladder Company" was organized in 18G4 and incorporated in 1867. In 1868 its truck-house was built, and is creditable to the company and ornamental to the town. During the past year the Aquetong Company was dissolved. "The Hibernia Fire Company" was formed Jan. 13, 1870. The members purchased a hand-engine, which has been of great service when occasion re- quired. The fire department of Lambertville, in its equip- ments and management, will compare favorably with that of any town of its size. SECRET SOCIETIES. MASONIC. The first lodge of Free and Accepted Masons iu this vicinity was established in New Hope, in the house now occupied by William H. Murray. When the brick hotel in New Hope was built, by William Maris, a room iu it was fitted up for the use of the lodge, and was occupied by them for a considerable period. The Hon. William Wilson, Capt. John Lam- bert, and Thomas Thomson, all of Lambertville and vicinity, were members. In June, 1847, Ancel St. John, William Wilson, CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 28T Thomas Sterrett, John Runk, Thomas Thomson, Ed- ward Badger, and McKenzie Hall petitioned the Most Worthy Grand Lodge of the Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New Jersey for a dispensation to open a Masonic lodge in Lambertville, N. J. The dispensation was granted June 13, 1847, and "Amwell Lodge, No. 13," was instituted June 16, 1847, by the following grand officers : John Merchant, M. W. Grand Master ; John J. Crockett, R. W. Senior Grand Warden'; William H. Earl, E. W. Junior Grand Warden ; Edward Stewart, W. Senior Grand Deacon ; John Vanderbilt, Tiler. The first officers of the lodge were Ancel St. John,W. Master ; William Wilson, Senior Warden ; Thomas Sterrett, Junior Warden ; McKenzie Hall, Treas. ; Thomas Thomson, Sec. A charter was granted to the lodge Jan. 12, 1848. Since its institution 233 have joined the lodge. The present number of mem- bers is 96. From "Amwell Lodge" went forth "Darcy Lodge, No. 37," located at Flemington, N. J., and instituted in 1853; "Orion Lodge, No. 56," located at French- town, N. J., and instituted during 1860; "Orpheus Lodge, No. 137," located at Stockton, and instituted in 1873; and a portion of "Cyrus Lodge, No. 138," located at Pennington, N. J., and instituted Feb. 7, 1877. The " Wilson Chapter of Eoyal Arch Masons" in Lambertville was instituted May 11, 1864. The first members were William Wilson, John F. Schenck, Frederic M. Slaughter, Jacob S. S. Pittenger, Charles Schulhaus, Jacob Young, Gabriel H. Slater, Isaac S. Cramer, William B. Brown, and John T. Sergeant. Since the chapter was instituted 103 new members have joined it. The present membership is 67. The " St. Elmo Commandery of Knights Templar" was instituted Oct. 4, 1878. The first officers were Joseph H. Boozer, E. C. ; J. S. Eoberts, Gen. ; J. Simpson Large, C. G. ; W. H. Everett, S. W. ; E. B. Eeading, J. W. ; C. Schulhaus, Treas. ; W. H. Titus, Recorder; John Lilly, J. S. Cramer, O. H. Sproull, Trustees. In the year 1877 the Masons built their present hall. This spacious and tasteful edifice is an orna- ment to the town. ODD-rELLOWS. About the year 1840 there existed in Lambertville a secret society called the " Forlorn Hope." The principal officers were Hiram Blake and Louis Pax- son ; the members, Amasa Ely, William B. Ely, Thomas L. Southard, Jonathan Fisk, Thomas B. Carr, besides others whose names we have not ob- tained. From this association originated the society of the order of Odd-Fellows, and on Jan. 19, 1843, " Lenni Lenape Lodge, No. 15," I. 0. O. F., of New Jersey, was instituted. The first officers were Daniel Skinner, Thomas B. Carr, Martin Coryell, Joseph B. Gray, and Samuel Lilly. Meetings have been held regularly every Tuesday evening for 38 years. Six lodges have had their origin in this lodge. In May, 1879, the lodge commenced rebuilding their hall, and now have a stately and commodious edifice, an orna- ment to the town and a specimen of thorough as well as tasteful workmanship. UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS. The first council of United American Mechanics instituted in Lambertville was the "Star Council.'' The date of its institution is not known, as the books and charters of the council were given to the State Council after its dissolution. The next formed in Lambertville was " Union Council," which was organized Jan. 4, 1848, and con- tinued in operation under a dispensation from the State Council till May 31st of the same year, when it ceased to exist. On Aug. 23, 1858, the persons who had previously composed the membership of Union Council organ- ized themselves into a tribe of Eed Men known as "Tuscarora Tribe, No. 11, Improved Order of Eed Men," which continued in operation until some time during the year 1863, when, in consequence of the war reducing their membership, they returned their charter to the Great Council of the State of New Jersey, and the tribe was disbanded. After a lapse of a little over five years the council was reinstituted, Dec. 28, 1868, since which time it has continued in operation, and is now flourishing. "Vigilant Council of United American Me- chanics," now in operation, was organized Dec. 30, 1870. OTHEK SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. "Eed Jacket Tribe of Improved Order of Eed Men" was instituted Nov. 17, 1873. "Lone Star Lodge, No. 16, Knights of Pythias," was organized Dec. 22, 1868, with nine charter mem- bers,— viz., Theodore Abbott, James Gordon, Ashbel W. Angel, Charles H. W. Van Sciver, Thomas Fla- herty, Augustus C. Barber, J. Gaddis, Amos Johnson, and Charles W. Crook. The " Major C. A. Angel Post, No. 20, Grand Army of the Eepublic," has the following-named officers, who were installed Nov. 20, 1878 : Post Commander, C. H. W. Van Sciver; Senior Vice-Commander, Ashbel W. Angel ; Junior Vice-Commander, George W. P. Fisher ; Officer of the Day, Charles A. Slack ; Quartermaster, Frank E. Pierson ; Chaplain, Harry S. Kroesen ; Surgeon, John J. Green ; Adjutant, Ben- jamin H. Joiner ; Officer of the Guard, H. A. Conover ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Asa L. Miller; Sergeant- Major, William H. Moon ; Inside Guard, Henry L. Van Horn; Outside Guard, Joseph Taylor; Ord- nance-Sergeant, G. L. Akers. " The Emerald Beneficial Association" was organ- ized June 8, 1878. Thomas J. Murphy was chosen president, John Hurley secretary, and Martin Drudy treasurer. 288 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. The present officers are John F. McEntee, Presi- dent ; John E. Kilroy, Secretary ; John Purtell, Treasurer. PATRIOTISM DURING THE CIVIL WAR. The contribution of Lambertville for the support of the national government in the late war of the Re- bellion in men and supplies, as shown by the rosters of the companies sent forth and by the amounts raised by the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society, deserves honorable mention. For a list of the three months' men, — Co. E, Capt. Angel, and Co. I, Capt. Huselton, of the Third Regiment, — as well as of other soldiers enlisted for the three years' service, see Chapter X., d. seq., in the " General History of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties," at the beginning of this work. In this historical sketch of Lambertville it is due to the patriotism of its citizens, especially to that of the ladies, that some account should be given of what was accomplished in supplying the wants of our sick and wounded soldiers in the late war of the Rebel- lion. In this respect Lambertville bears favorable comparison with any place of its size in the land. LADIES' SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.* " On Sunday, Oct. 6, 1861, a call was read in the different churches of the place for a meeting ' to consider the subject of supplying clothing and reading-matter to the troops now in the field for the defense of the government.' " This meeting was held on Monday evening, October 7th, in the Presbyterian church. The clergymen and a large number of the people of the different churches were present. Samuel D. Stryker, Esq., presided. After brief appeals by the clergymen and others, an eloquent address was made by the Rev. J. L. Jane- way, of Flemington, who spoke by special invitation. " A letter from Bovernor Olden was read by the Hon. John Bunk, fol- lowed by some remarks from Mr. Bunk urging the citizens to raise funds to procure rubber blankets for the soldiers, and a committee was ap- pointed for the purpose. " By a vote of the hidies, it was determined to hold a meeting on Thurs- day, the 10th, to form an aid society. This meeting was accordingly held, and largely attended. The ladies were favored with the presence and advice of Mrs. Samuel D. Ingham, who had been engaged in working for the soldiers for some time in the city of Trenton. " A society was then formed, and some of the ofBcers were chosen. At subsequent meetings the organization was perfected and a constitution adopted. It was determined to hold weekly meetings for work during the war. "The following were the otBcers of the association, chosen at its or- ganization,— viz. : President, Mrs. J. A. Anderson; Vice-President, Mrs. Jane N. Van Horn ; Secretary, Miss Mary M. Welch ; Treasurer, Mrs. D. P. Paxson,— with a board of eight managers, composed of the follow- ing persons,— viz. : Mrs. A. A. Kneass, Mrs. John Eunk, Mrs. M. L. Beeve, Mrs. Alexander Ooryell, Mrs. Sidney BlacUwell, Mrs. William WetheriU, Mrs. Ingham Coryell, and Mrs. William Jauney. " During the second year Mrs. Paxson resigned the position of treas- urer, and Mrs. A. A. Kneass was chosen to fill the office. The vice-pres- ident, Mrs. Jane Van Horn, died in June, 1864. At a subsequent election Mrs. William WetheriU was chosen in Mrs. Van Horn's place, the presi- dent, secretary, and treasurer were re-elected, and Mrs. J. A. Anderson was elected corresponding secretary." * Taken almost verbatim from the Third Annual Report, Oct. 10, 18G4, of the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society. Our brief space will not allow us to enter into par- ticulars, but in justice to the society, which accom- plished so much good and reflected so much credit on our town, it may be permitted us to mention that at the close of the third year of the war $3658.76 had been raised, and 297 boxes and barrels of stores for the sick and wounded had been sent to the front. The report of the society for the last year of the war the writer has not had access to. Through the instrumentality of the ladies, also, funds were secured for the erection of THE SOLDIEES' MONUMENT. On one face of this monument are engraved the names of the officers from Lambertville who were killed or died from wounds or disease in the service of their country, — viz. : Lieut. C. Augustus Angel, Lieut. William Eagan, Lieut. George C. Jus- tice, Capt. Charles L. Kneass, Adjt, Josiah S. Studdiford, Lieut.-Com- mander H. M. Blue, Lieut. C. W. Arnett. On the other side of the monument the names of non-commissioned officers and privates : Adam Mann, John Mann, Charles Mann, Alexander H. Naylor, John O'Daniell, Jr., Anderson Pidcock, Patrick Pursel, George W. Phillipa, Patrick Began, Michael Reagiu, Hiram Rooks, Augustus Bisler, Joseph B. Snook, Richard Sibbett, Jr., George W. Taylor, Hugh S. Taylor, Palmer Thorn, Israel Trauger, William H. Tracy, Elias Van Camp, William B. Phillips, William B. Cook. FROM DELAWABE TOWNSHIP. William H. Keth, George F. Williams, Eviu J. Green, Eichard G. Everitt, Edward Naylor. On another side of the monument the following names of non-commissioned officers and privates : Samuel Ashbrook, Albert Black, Abram Black, Charles Brandt, George P. Brewer, James Bell, Isaac Cathrall, William Chidester, John Craig, Patrick Dever, John Ely, William Fisher, Lorenzo D. Gibson, James Gibson, Jacob W. Gaiis, John Gutchol, Wilson Horn, Elias Kramer, John Mahan, Gottlieb Mueller. MOUNT HOPE CEMETERY. A meeting of the citizens of Lambertville for the purpose of considering the question of forming a cemetery association was held July 25, 1847. An or- ganization was effected, and on Feb. 17, 1848, an act of incorporation was obtained, under the title of " The Mount Hope Cemetery Association of Lambertville." The corporators were Ancel St. John, Louis S. Paxson, John H. Wakefield, Jacob S. Gary, John H. Anderson, and Amasa Ely. At a meeting held May 29, 1849, of which John H. Wakefield was chairman and Thomas Chattle secre- tary, the following were elected a board of managers : John H. Anderson, Thomas Chattle, John H. Wake- field, Samuel Lilly, M.D., and Ashbel Welch. Samuel Lilly, M.D., was made president, Thomas Chattle secretary, and John H. Wakefield treasurer. The first interment in the cemetery was in Decem- ber, 1849. THE HOLCOMBE RIVERVIEW CEMETERY. This was incorporated in September, 1878. The first meeting for the purpose of effecting an organization c ty u CITY" OF LAMBERTVILLE. 289 was held Aug. 28, 1878. The following persons were chosen managers, viz., William Dean, Stacy B. Bray, Jacob S. S. Dean, John C. Holcombe, John V. C. Barber, George W. Day, and Jonas Mertz. The first interment made was in September, 1878. The number of lots sold to January, 1881, was three hundred and twenty-five. INCORPORATION OF THE VILLAGE. The village of Lambertville was incorporated as a borough March 1, 1849. The first mayor was Sam- uel Lilly, M.D. Supplements were made to the charter Feb. 19, 1851, Feb. 26, 1855, March 29, 1858, and March 15, 1859. "An act to revise and amend the charter of the Town of Lambertville" was passed by the Legislature, and approved by the Governor April 13, 1868. In the following year, March 31st, a supplement to the revised charter was approved, and on March 26, 1872, the borough of Lambertville became a city, a legisla- tive enactment to that eflFect having been approved by the Governor on that day. Joseph H. Boozer was mayor when the city charter was obtained, Richard McDowell being the first elected under that charter. The city was divided into three wards by this new act of incorporation. The population of Lambertville, according to the census of 1880, was 4183. The ratio of the growth of Lambertville during the decade ending with 1880 was much less than that of the two decades immediately preceding. This was owing partly to the effect of the lease of the Belvi- dere Delaware Railroad to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, which occasioned the removal of all the work in the construction of locomotives and passenger- and freight-cars, and partly to the financial depres- sion. There are, however, brighter prospects now; and should the Delaware be utilized for manufactur- ing purposes, as it certainly will be in time, there is no reason why the valley of the Delaware should not be as thriving in manufacturing enterprises as the valley of the Connecticut. When that desideratum shall be attained, considering its already- assured po- sition, Lambertville must share largely in the general prosperity. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ASHBEL WELCH. Ashbel Welch was born in Madison Co., N. Y., Dec. 4, 1809. His father was originally a farmer, living near Windham, Conn., on land occupied by his ancestors of the same name since about 1680. He is the seventh in descent from each of the following original settlers of New England : Governor William Bradford, of Plymouth, and Alice Carpenter, his second wife ; Thomas Richards, of Weymouth, and Welthean his wife ; Rev. Peter Hobart, first minister of Hingham, Mass. ; William Manning, of Cambridge ; and Isaac Stearns, of Watertown. When Mr. Welch was about six or seven years of age, the family removed from Madison County to the neighborhood of Utica, where, some years later, he at- tended the school of Abraham Kasson. One of his schoolmates there was Horatio Seymour, and one of the younger scholars was Ward Hunt. He afterwards studied mathematics and natural philosophy at the Albany Academy, under Professor Henry, late of the Smithsonian Institution. In his eighteenth year he left school (though he never discontinued his studies) and commenced his professional career, — that of a civil engineer, — under his brother, Sylvester Welch, on the Lehigh Canal. Among his associates in that hard-working corps were W. Milnor Roberts, Solo- mon W. Roberts, and Edward Miller, all of whom afterwards became eminent civil engineers. In 1830 he entered the service of the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company, under Canvass White, one of the ablest and most original of American engineers. Since then he has been a citizen of New Jersey, and since 1832 a resident of Lambertville. In 1836, Mr. Welch took charge of the works of the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company, and retained that charge for many years, in the mean time con- structing several other works, among which was the Belvidere Delaware Railroad, commenced in 1850 and finished in 1854. On the 20th of December, 1852, the stockholders of the canal company suddenly de- termined to double the capacity of their locks and canal. Mr. Welch organized his staflF, drew his plans and specifications, procured his materials, employed and officered a force of four thousand men, and fin- ished the work in three months, and all within his estimate. One of the items of work was twenty thousand cubic yards of cement masonry, laid in the dead of winter and kept from freezing by housing and artificial heat. From 1862 to 1867, as vice-president of the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company, he was the executive officer of the " Joint Companies," whose works ex- tended across New Jersey. At the beginning of 1867, he, with Hon. Hamilton Fish and others, eff'ected the consolidation of the New Jersey Railroad Com- pany with the "Joint Companies," thus bringing the whole system of railroads and canals between New York and Philadelphia into one interest and under one management. He was appointed general presi- dent of the Associated Companies, Hon. Hamilton Fish being vice-president, and Hon. Joseph P. Brad- ley secretary. This position he held until Dec. 1, 1871, when the Pennsylvania Railroad Company took possess.ion of the works under their lease. His policy was to improve the works connecting the two great cities of the Union in such a manner as to remove all ground of complaint and all fear of competition. 2,90 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Those associated companies are now merged into " The United New Jersey Eailroad and Canal Com- pany." He is still president of the Belvidere Dela- ■svare and some smaller railroad companies, all oper- rated hy lessees. One special object Mr. Welch had in view in try- ing to effect the consolidation of the "Joint Com- panies" and the New Jersey Eailroad and Transpor- tation Company was to reach, over the New Jersey Railroad, a good terminus for the whole system on the harbor of New York. Having secured the assent of his associates in this direction, he purchased seventy .acres at Harrison's Cove, on the west bank of the Hudson, opposite the business heart of the city of New York, and elaborated a plan by which the greatest amount possible of water-front should be ob- tained on it by means of short ship-canals running partly through it. The object was to bring railroads, ships, store-houses, ferries, and carts all together, so as to reduce the cost of moving and handling to the least possible amount. A recapitulation of his views is contained in his printed report to the board of directors of June 18, 1868. To get control of this terminus was one of the principal objects of the Penn- .sylvania Eailroad Company in leasing the works of the United Companies. Mr. Welch conducted tlie negotiation for the lease with the Pennsylvania Eailroad Company, and suc- ceeded in securing provisions, believed to be new in such leases, making the stock of the United Com- panies very much more valuable than it otherwise would have been. One item was that each stock- holder should receive his ten per cent., notwithstand- ing any new agreement the directors might make or that the majority of the stockholders might agree to. Believing from the first that the act under which the lease was effected was insufficient (which was afterwards so decided by the court of last resort), Mr. Welch drew up, and the Legislature passed, an act validating the lease as it was. Mr. Welch is not merely an administrator, but es- pecially an originator. In 1863 he originated and put in operation a system of safety signals on the line between New Brunswick and Philadelphia, — extended in 1867 from New Brunswick to Jersey City, and in 1872 over the Pennsylvania Eailroad from Philadel- pihia to Pittsburgh, — which has entirely prevented the most dangerous class of accidents, previously so fre- quent and so fatal. It is sometimes confounded with the English " block system," from which, however, it differs essentially, and from which Mr. Welch re- ceived no hint, not knowing of its existence at the time he invented his system, which he called "the American safety system." The system was described in a report made by him to the National Eailroad Convention held in New York in 1866. In 1866 he adopted a plan of a steel rail more economical and forming better connections than those previously in use, the principles of which are stated at length in his " Eeport on Rails" made to the American Society of Civil Engineers at its annual convention in 1874. These principles have since been extensively recog- nized and adopted. Mr. Welch's efforts have not been confined exclu- sively to his profession. From 1840 to 1845 he was associated with Capt. Eobert F. Stockton in the oper- ations which resulted in building the war-steamer " Princeton," the first propeller-ship ever constructed in America, and in the introduction of cannon of extraordinary size, since followed by Eodman and others. In 1843 the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, conferred upon him the honorary degree of A.M. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church since 1832, and an elder since 1844, and has several times been a member of the General Asseinbly of that church. He was an occasional contributor to the Princeton Review while it was an organ of the Pres- byterian Church in America, his chief articles being "The Anointment of Jesus by Mary of Bethany," "The Perpetuity of the Sabbath," and "God's Sev- enth Day of Eest." In the article on "The Perpe- tuity of the Sabbath" he takes the position — probably never suggested before — that many Hebrew local laws were declaratory of the moral law, just as many English statute laws are declaratory of the common law. For more than a quarter of a century he was sujierintendent of the Sabbath-school, and he now conducts the Congregational Bible-class in the Rev. Dr. Studdiford's church. For many years he has been a most diligent student of the sacred Scriptures. Thoroughly orthodox in his belief, he is also inde- pendent and original in his Bible investigations, taking nothing at second hand, but seeking to find for himself the meaning of the inspired text. Few laymen have given as much attention as he to the study of the Bible, and not many of the clergy are better versed in the principles of its interpretation. In politics Mr. Welch is not tied to either party organization, but has decided opinions, one of which has long been in favor of civil service reform, which he considers essential to the salvation of the republic. He was married in 1834 to Mary H. Seabrook, who died in 1874, leaving five children, the eldest of whom is the widow of Mr. William Cowin, of Lambertville, and the youngest daughter was the wife of Rev. E. Eandall Hoes, of Mount Holly, and now of New Eo- chelle, N. Y. She died April 7, 1879. His eldest son, Ashbel Welch, Jr., operates the Lambertville Iron-Works. Mr. Welch is loved and honored by a large circle of friends, among whom, as well as in the world at large, his influence has ever been potent for good. Cautious and conservative, yet kind and conciliatory, he eminently " follows after the things which make for peace." Earnest and independent in his search for truth, wise in counsel, public-spirited as a citizen, liberal as a benefactor, firm and conscientious in the ;*A *> / -4 F. 'ti\ ;; TUIlJ'j'D'3P";"Ifl©. IDKJDi. CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 291 maiatenance of right, true and faithful in all the re- lations of life, he combines in himself qualities which make him one of the most valuable members of society. DR. P. 0. STUDDIFORD. Peter Ogilvie Studdiford, D.D., was born in Bridge- water township, Somerset Co., N. J., near the present village of Brauchville, on the South Branch of the Raritan, on the 11th of January, 1799. His father, the Eev. Peter Studdiford, was for forty years the venerated and beloved pastor of the Keformed Prot- estant Dutch Church of Eeadington, N. J. His mother, whose maiden name was Phoebe Vanderveer, was a daughter of James Vanderveer, an extensive landholder of Bedminster, Somerset Co. Dr. Studdiford early manifested an unquenchable thirst for learning. When only nine years old he was placed under the care of the celebrated teacher the Rev. Robert Finley, D.D., at the Classical Acad- emy in Basking Ridge. There he studied with great assiduity and laid the foundation of his fine classical attainments. 'He subsequently went to the academy at Somerville, then under the care of Cullen Morris, Esq. " Having completed his preparation, he entered Queen's (now Rutgers) College, at New Brunswick, and in the summer of 1816 graduated at that institu- tion with the highest honors of his class. "After leaving college he was occupied for about three years in teaching — first in Bedminster, and afterwards in Somerville — with great acceptance, al- though many of his pupils in both places were older than hiinself. " On the 8th of July, 1819, he entered the theolog- ical seminary of the Presbyterian Church at Prince- ton, where he remained prosecuting his studies for the ministry until the 29th of September, 1821. On the 27th day of April in the same year, at a meeting of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, in Trenton, he was licensed to preach the gospel, together with nine of his fellow-students." He preached during the spring vacation in the em- ploy of the General Assembly's Board of Missions at Bristol and Tullytown, in Pennsylvania. On Wednesday, the 28th of November, 1821, in the Presbyterian church at Trenton, he was ordained as an evangelist by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, at the same time with the Rev. Charles Hodge, D.D., and the Rev. William J. Armstrong, D.D., and on the following Sabbath, the 2d day of December, 1821, he commenced his labors at Lambertville, having agreed to preach at that place and at the church in Solebury, Pa., alternately for a year. In the month of September, 1822, on the applica- tion of seven persons, the " Church of Georgetown and Lambertville" was organized. Dr. Studdiford continued to supply this church and that of Solebury until the month of June, 1825, when he was formally installed pastor of these churches. Early in 1848 his pastoral relation with the Solebury Church was dissolved, and from that time until his death he remained pastor exclusively of the church in Lambertville. He married Eleanor W. Simpson, daughter of Judge John N. Simpson, of New Brunswick, N. J. Eight children were the fruit of this marriage, — ■ seven sons and one daughter. The daughter and two sons died in early childhood. His sixth son, Josiah Simpson Studdiford, after graduating with honor from the College of New Jersey and almost finishing his preparation for the profession of law, entered the service of his country when the war of the Rebellion broke out, as adjutant of the Fourth New Jersey Regiment, and was killed in a gallant bayonet-charge at Crampton Pass, South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. In the year 1821 the College of New Jersey con- ferred on the subject of this biographical sketch the honorary degree of Master of Arts, and in 1844 the honorary degree of Doctor in Divinity. In the year 1826, on the death of his father, he was called to the pastorate of the Reformed Dutch Church of Readington, to which his father had so long min- istered. But this call, as well as very eligible calls to several other churches during his ministry, he was constrained by a sense of duty to decline. On the 5th of June, 1866, he departed this life while on a visit to his brother-in-law in the city of Balti- more. Dr. Studdiford was an able theologian, a finished classical scholar, a ripe Hebraist, a master of varied learning, a most instructive preacher. One of the most modest and unselfish of men, he labored with untiring zeal in the work of the ministry, looking for no other reward than the approbation of his Divine Master. At his funeral Dr. Charles Hodge, who had been a schoolmate of his at Somerville, bore this decided testimony : " What he was as a boy he was as a man. The impression he made on his schoolfellows was the impression he has left on this community after his forty-five years of pastoral service among them. In- tellectual superiority, distinguished scholarship, and goodness in the most comprehensive sense of that word were his characteristics in school, and have been his characteristics through life. He was a good stu- dent, a good and obedient pupil, good in his moral character, good to all around him. Although I knew him longer, perhaps, than any one in this large audi- ence, you knew him better, for he lived among you and lived for you. It is, however, a satisfaction to his old friends to bear their testimony to his varied excellence. We all esteemed him as an eminently wise, judicious, learned, and able theologian. In the course of fifty-five years I never heard him speak evil of any man, and I never heard any man speak evil of 292 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. him. In tlie discharge of liis pastoral duties he was, as you well know, instructive, faithful, and laborious. In the judicatories and boards of our church he was uniformly kind and courteous, and his opinions were always received with the greatest deference. Very few men have lived a more honorable and useful life, and very few have been more lamented in death." In the autobiography of the Rev. Dr: Hodge, pub- lished in his "Memoirs," is the following passage: " The only one of my schoolmates at Somerville with whom I was associated in after-life was the Rev. Peter O. Studdiford. During his whole ministerial life he was pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Lambert- ville, N. J. That church rose under his care from a mere handful to being one of the largest in the Synod. Dr. Studdiford was distinguished for learning, wis- dom, and goodness in the most comprehensive sense of that word." MARTIN CORYELL. Martin Coryell was born July 20, 1815, at New Hope, Bucks Co., Pa. His father, Lewis S. Coryell, was the great-grandson of Immanuel Coryell, who was an early settler in the section ^^■hich has become famous as the place of Washington's crossing of the Delaware in the time of the Revolution. Coryell's Ferry, embracing both sides of the river, was settled by branches of the Coryell family, many of whose descendants are still living, and among whom the subject of this sketch is prominent. Lewis C. Coryell, father of Martin, was born in Round Valley, Hunterdon Co., and spent most of his life on the west side of the Delaware River, in Bucks Co., Pa., opposite Lambertville, where he died, Jan. 28, 1865, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. He was an active business man, taking a prominent part in the improvements of his day, and promoting by his energy and means their accomplishment. He was intrusted with many important offices : was commis- sioner for the improvement of the Delaware River above tide-water, superintendent of the mechanical work on the Delaware Divisfon Canal, and director in several railroad, coal, and other companies. Martin Coryell was educated in the schools of his native town and at the select school of Dr. Peter 0. Studdiford, at Lambertville. For two years he was a pupil (in his fourteenth and fifteenth years) of the then eminent mathematician and astronomer, John Gummere, in Burlington; but failing health com- pelled him to relinquish his studies and to learn the carpenter's trade, which he followed for a year with results beneficial to his health, but his ener- gies were directed into other channels. While at work upon the " State dam" in the Delaware River at Wells' Falls, Canvass White, an engineer of emi- nence selected to construct the Delaware and Raritan Canal, came upon the work to examine and consult with those in charge of the dam upon the feasibility of extending that work across the river and making it a feeder for the Delaware and Raritan Canal. In making a close examination of the river, Mr. Coryell was selected to manage the boat in the somewhat dangerous rapids. Mr. White was so well pleased with this service that he requested Col. Simpson Tor- bert to employ him to establish and determine high- and low-water marks along the river; and, later, he was given a position as rod-man on the Delaware and Raritan Canal. While at home on a visit in the winter of 1839-40, a freshet occurred which seriously damaged the Dela- ware Division Canal. He was called upon to exam- ine into the extent of the damage and to estimate the cost and time necessary to restore navigation. This service was satisfactorily performed, and Mr. Coryell was retained in the State employ as a principal as- sistant on the Delaware Division Canal until the year 1842, when he took charge of the Morris Canal as engineer, under John Cryder, representing the Eng- lish bondholders. This proved a troublesome and, pecuniarily, a disastrous affair, and, with the mone- tary derangements which followed and the cessation of work on public improvements, Mr. Coryell turned his energies into other channels. He soon after, at the suggestion of Judge Fox, turned his attention to the law, especially land and water cases, and his name was enrolled as a law-student in the office of B. H. Brewster, of Philadelphia, a fellow-student of Sena- tor Don Cameron ; but, on account of injury to his eyes, the result of night-reading, he sought other employment. In 1844 he was employed by the canal commission- ers of Pennsylvania on the Columbia Railroad. His duties were to inaugurate and popularize the use of steam as a motive-power on the West Chester Rail- road (then operated as a horse-power railroad), which he successfully achieved in spite of much local oppo- sition. He was then made superintendent of the Schuylkill level of the Columbia road, extending from Philadelphia to the Plane, — an important and difficult position in those days of combined railroad and canal transportation. During the next few years he officiated as engineer in various parts of the country : he surveyed the un- derground workings of the Hazleton Coal Company's mines ; was engineer and manager of the Lake Supe- rior Copper Company, and was one of the early pioneers in that mining region. In 1847 he returned to New Jersey, and was employed to construct a coal-wharf at Bergen Point, and soon after entered the employ of the Raritan Canal Company, under Ashbel Welch, Esq., under whose superintendence Mr. Coryell lo- cated the greater part of the Belvidere Railroad, and prepared and put down the superstructure from Tren- ton to Lambertville. In 1853 he was engineer-in- chief of the Brunswick Canal, and during the next six or seven years he was engaged in like capacity upon the railroads and canals of Pennsylvania and C^yZ-'^^^c-^i^^L^ ■""■a :,y s.^,KJi^/ SiirC7>J", 'MoM?GMIEAB"iro CITY OF LAMBERTVILLE. 293 New Jersey, particularly developing the coal region of Hazleton and what is now the Lehigh Valley Railroad. In 1862 he removed to the Wyoming Valley, set- tling at Wilkesbarre, where he pursued his profession of civil and mining engineer. He was, in 1864, upon the organization of the Warrior Eun Mining Com- pany, made director, secretary, treasurer, and mana- ger. The colliery was placed on a business basis and then leased, when Mr. Coryell's connection as manager ceased. His professional duties have taken him to all parts of the land, and rendered him familiar with the vari- ous coal-fields and mining regions of Pennsylvania, Michigan, Virginia, Kentucky, etc. He spent one season at Cape Breton, examining the coal property of Robert Belloni at Cow Bay. Mr. Coryell removed to Lambertville, N. J., in 1876, designing to make it the place of his permanent residence. He is a director in the Amwell National Bank of Lambertville. To him is largely due the successful establishment of the city water-works, of which he still owns a controlling interest. In June, 1842, he married Myra A. Coryell, who was born at Lambertville in 1820. WILLIAM McCREADY. William and Sarah McCready, grandparents of William McCready, — the one a native of Scotland, and the other of Ireland, — came to this country im- mediately after their marriage and settled in the city of New York, where they reared a family, consisting of three sons and three daughters. One of the sons, Thomas, married Catharine McKinley, of New York, and had three children, — William, John, and Thomas. William, the subject of our sketch, was the eldest of the family, and was bom in the city of New York, July 19, 1817. His lot in life was destined to be a checkered one, and to furnish a striking example of perseverance and energy under peculiar difficulties. When about thirteen years of age he was thrown upon his own resources, and from that time until he was twenty-one he was engaged in Philadelphia and in Montgomery Co., Pa., in learning the trade of a hat- ter, serving an apprenticeship of eight years. At the close of this period, in 1838, he established himself as a hatter at New Hope, and in 1839 bought out an op- position establishment in Lambertville, N. J., and con- ducted both shops. The business proved successful, and he soon added thereto a milling interest, and subse- quently went into the hardware trade, including the handling of coal and iron, continuing in these pur- suits till 1861, when he sold out at the beginning of the Rebellion. Mr. McCready, however, was not long out of busi- ness at this time. He built a flax-mill and a hay- packing establishment, and followed these by the erection of a paper-mill and then commenced his career as a manufacturer of paper. In all these un- dertakings he encountered a series of disasters truly discouraging to a less resolute and determined nature. Some secret enemy seemed to be bent on the destruc- tion of his business, and employed the " fire fiend" to execute his work of revenge. His hatting estab- lishment was first burned down ; then, when he had gotten his hay-presses and his flax-mill in successful operation, these were also destroyed by fire ; he then built and equipped his first paper-mill, which was like- wise burned. He was thus obliged to contend against an unseen and unknown enemy. When his hatting and hay business were burned he had no insurance ; in the flax and paper business the insurance was small. But his energy and determination never faltered, though each fire seemed like a crushing blow to his hopes and prospects of success. He built a new paper-mill on a much larger scale in 1867, to which he gave the .very appropriate name of " Perseverance Mill." This mill is now well known to the paper trade throughout the country. It stands on the bank of the Delaware and Raritan Canal at Lambertville, and has been for more than a decade gradually growing up to the proportions which Mr. McCready designs it finally to attain, as he has been able to appropriate means for additions and im- provements. Although nominally belonging to the Lambertville Paper-Manufacturing Company, it is as much under the control and management of Mr. McCready as if it were absolutely his property, the company having been formed to relieve him from financial embarrassment, and to enable him to pay off his creditors and redeem the property under his own able and skillful management. In justice to Mr. McCready, a brief history of this arrangement should be given. In consequence of various disasters, involving a loss of business and heavy expense in building, etc., he became embar- rassed in 1869, and offered to turn over to his creditors every dollar of his property as security, so far as it would go. They having the utmost confidence in his integrity as a business man, refused to see him sacrificed, and formed a company under the name of the Lambertville Paper-Manufacturing Company, allowing him to go on, at the same time paying in- terest to the company, till his debts should be paid up. He entered into this arrangement with the company, first for five years ; but at the expiration of that time, although he had made the business profit- able, the property was not redeemed. Feeling con- scious of his ability to carry the matter through successfully, Mr. McCready offered the company good inducements to extend the time five years longer; and while he has put the business upon such a foot- ing as to be able to redeem it at any moment, he has thought it advisable, with the consent of the com- pany, who deem themselves fully secured, to expend a portion of the profits of the business in the enlarge 294 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. ment of the mill and the increase of facilities for manufacturing. This he has been constantly doing, and is at the present time erecting a large stone and brick addition to the main building. The capacity of the mill at the present time is from three to four tons of manilla and flour-sack paper per day, with a ready market in New York and Philadelphia. This meagre outline exhibits somewhat the energy, integrity, and business capacity of Mr. McCready. It shows, at least, the drift of his life and some of the obstacles he has overcome by that earnest, practical, and persistent genius peculiar to the Scotch-Irish. He is energetic, persevering, honest, and truthful, exact in all matters, and an excellent business man. In politics he has generally acted with the Demo- cratic party, and has taken a deep interest in local affairs. He was elected mayor of the city of Lam- bertville in 18.53, and was afterwards re-elected with- out opposition for four consecutive terms. He has been twice married, and has raised a large family of children, eight of whom are living. He first married Elizabeth Thompson, Dec. 3, 1840 ; his second wife, whom he married Sept. 8, 1863, was Olivia, daughter of Pierson A. Beading. His two oldest sons are in extensive and successful business as paper merchants in Philadelphia. ALEXANDER HENRY HOLCOMBE. Alexander Henry Holcombe is of English descent by his paternal ancestors, and on the maternal side of Holland extraction. His first American ancestor, John Holcombe, came from England to Philadelphia soon after the arrival of William Penn, and, after spending a short time at Abington, Pa., came and located a large tract of land, a portion of which is now covered by the upper part of the city of Lam- bertville. Mr. Holcombe was a Quaker or Friend. He married, in 1707, Miss Elizabeth Woolrich, who was also a member of the Society of Friends. They had sons — Samuel and Eichard — and several daugh- ters. Samuel was the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Of his nine children, Richard, the grand- father of our subject, was the sixth in the order of birth ; he married Hannah Emley in 1776, by whom he had six children, three sons and three daughters. Emley Holcombe, the eldest son of Richard and Hannah (Emley) Holcombe, was born in Amwell township, near Lambertville, Sept. 21, 1777. He was brought up to the mercantile business, beginning his career as clerk in a store at Mount Airy, whence, after he had attained his majority, he came to Lambert- ville, where he was clerk for several years, until he married and purchased his home. He pursued the mercantile business till near the close of his life, and was also commissioner of deeds for a number of years. He was brigade inspector, with the rank of major, in 1812 ; took an active part in the formation of the First Presbyterian Church of Lambertville, was president of the building committee and of the board of trus- tees, and was senior elder at the organization, Sept. 24, 1822, having previously been an elder in the Solebury Church, Bucks Co., Pa. Major Emley Holcombe married. May 12, 1808, Mary, eldest daughter of John and Mary (Veghte) Skillman ; the latter was the widow of Garret Stryker, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Mary Skillman was born Dec. 20, 1779. The children of Emley and Mary (Skillman) Holcombe were William, Ellen Ann, John Emley, Theodore, Charles Ogden, Isaac Skillman, Mary, and the subject of this sketch, Maj. Emley Holcombe died July 11, 1846, at the age of nearly sixty-nine years. A. H. Holcombe, the youngest of the family, was born in Lambertville, June 1, 1821. He was brought up to the mercantile business, part of the timeas junior partner in the firm of E. Holcombe & Son, and after- wards that of Titus & Holcombe, until he commenced studying law with John H. Wakefield, Esq., a promi- nent member of the Hunterdon County bar, who re- moved to Boston. Mr. Holcombe finished his legal studies with Col. Peter I. Clark, of Flemington, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1853. His education,, besides that received at the common schools, has been of a practical business character, self-acquired, and, in the main, the result of his great love of books and his- fondness for reading and study. After being admitted to the bar, he commenced practice immediately at Lambertville, where he has continued in the profes- sion ever since. He was duly admitted to the degree of counselor after the first three years of practice,, and in the progress of his profession has endeavored to keep abreast of the times. Previous to the war of 1861, he was commissioned by Governor Newell judge-advocate of the Hunterdon brigade, and held that position after the war broke out, when, as a member of the brigade board, he as- sisted in enrolling the militia of the county. During the war he was commissioned by Adjt.-Gen. Stockton to raise a company of volunteers. Under an act of the Legislature passed in 1876 he was appointed by Governor Bedle one of his aides, ranking as colonel. Mr. Holcombe has been since early life a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Lambertville, and has been active in all its interests, especially in the choir and Sunday-school. He was married April 11, 1867, to Malvina Kay,, daughter of the late William G. Mentz, Esq., of Phil- adelphia. They have had six children, of whom five are living ; their first-born died in infancy. The fine residence of Mr. Holcombe — a cut of which appears on another page — was built by him in 1870, and first occupied by his family in the fall of 1871. In politics he has never taken a very active part, though he has been identified with the Democratic party. He was clerk of the Common Council at the breaking out of the war, and has held other civil offices. /^^^^-t.^c^L^^^-^^^V^ Rev. George H. Larison, M.D., is of Danish descent. His ancestor John Larison, in the war ijetween the king and nobles of 1665, had his property confiscated, and, leaving the country, went to the seashore disj^uised as a peasant, whence he escaped to Scotland, and soon after came to America. landing on Long Island, where he purch:ised a large tract of land upon which he settled. He had six sons ; two were killed by the Indians, and four survived, whose names were Roger, James, William, and John. Roger went to Pennsylvania, and nothing was afterwards heard of him ; James settled on Stony Brook, Hope- well township, now in Mercer Co., N, J., where he bought an estate of two hundred and fifty acres of land, now owned by Ralph Ege, and reared a family of six sons ; he died there in 1792, and was buried on his farm. His six sons were John, Andrew, Roger, William, Elijah, and David; and his daughters, Acbsa, Rachel, and Catharine. William, who owned an original tract of laijd in Mercer County, died there about the close of the last century. John lived in the same neighborhood in Mercer County, where he died at an advanced age, leaving seven sons. Andrew, the second son of James Larison, was the great- grandfather of the subject of this sketch. He married a Severn?, and had sons, — George, Andrew, James, and Benjamin, An- drew being the grandfather of Dr. G. H. Larison. He was born May 17, 1776, and married Mary, daughter of John Wil- son, born Oct. 15, 1778; they had sons — John, Andrew, and Benjamin — and daughters, — Sarah and Lavina. Andrew Lari- son, Sr., died July 26, 1861 j his wife, Mary, died Sept. 24, 1S56. Benjamin, the father of Dr. Larison, married Hannah Ann Hol- combe, daughter of Capt. George Holcombe, and had nine chil- dren, of whom the doctor is the eldest. His brothers were Cor- nelius W., M.D., of Ringos; the late Rev. Andrew B. Larison, M.D., of Ringos; and John D. Larison, present proprietor of the original homestead. George Holcombe Larison was born in Delaware township, Hunterdon Co., Jan. 4, 1831, and was brought up on his father's farm, attending in boyhood the common schools of his district. He subsequently engaged for a time in teaching. In 1853 he entered the University of Lewisburg, Pa., from which he sub- sequently received the honorary degree of Master of Arts. Having resolved to adopt the profession of medicine, he com- menced his studies with Hon. Samuel Lilly, M.D., as preceptor, and attended lectures at the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated, in 1858, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He immediately entered upon the practice of his profession at Dolington, Bucks Co., Pa., and the following year removed to Lambertville, N. J., where he has since resided, and has attained an extensive and profitable practice. He is a member of the District Medical Society of Hunterdon County, and was for seven years its secretary. He is also a member of the State Medical Society, and was elected its third vice-president in 1872; and presided over the one hundred and ninth annual meeting, held at Atlantic City, May 25, 1875, when he delivered the annual address. Previous to his being elected president of this body he had held the positions of first, second, and third vice-president. While holding the latter office he wrote an essay on "Diseases Prevalent in the Valley of the Delaware," which was well received, and published with the transactions of the society. During the prevalence of the small- po.x in Lambertville, in 1863-64, he attended ninety-nine cases and only lost four. He subsequently prepared a paper on "Small-pox and its Treatment," for the medical society in 1864, which was well received by the profession, and filed among the important papers of the society. His practice is a general one, but he makes a specialty of obstetrics, and has so far attended over one thousand cases successfully j he has also achieved great success in surgical cases. Dr. Larison has on three or four occasions been a delegate to the Pennsylvania Medical Society, and at one of its sessions in Carlisle delivered an address before that body. He was one of the first vice-presidents of the American Academy of Medicine, founded in 1876, and was elected to the same office in 1878 and 1879. He was for seven years a member of the city council of Lam- bertville, and has held all the grades in the New Jersey State militia from second lieutenant to brigadier-general, excepting that of lieutenant-colonel. He is surgeon on the staff of Col. Angel's well-known regiment — the Seventh Regiment New Jersey National Guard. In educational matters Dr. Larison has taken a prominent part. He was elected town superintendent of schools in 1862, and has filled that position both under the town and city or- ganization to the present time, being continuously re-elected on the Democratic ticket, although parties have had a variety of changes during these years ; the schools have been prosper- ous under his management. He has also at times devoted his leisure hours to the preparation of pupils for college and for the medical profession. During his attendance at the University of Lewisburg he became a member of the Baptist Church, and he is now a regu- larly ordained minister of that denomination. Until quite re- cently he was pastor of a church, chiefly of his own gathering, at Solcbury, on the opposite side of the Delaware, in Bucks Co., Pa., to whom he ministered every Sunday morning and evening for seven years. Under his ministry this church received ad- ditions numbering about one hundred members. Dr. Larison has been connected with the Reading Association of Baptist Churches. At the organization of that body, at Reading, Pa., he preached the opening sermon, and was chosen moderator of the meeting. He married, in 1859, Sarah Q., daughter of Caleb F. Fisher, of Ringos, N. J, /?2^^^^2.:^^^l^ 1 s II "o trict or School. ■w.O ^ia as HI >5 ri 1 "° sia Sl2 11 m 1^ Si a a < 1 i; ,„. <•" ■< 125 125 s 80 KlinesTille $319.68 ?1,000 62 10. 15 60 1 81|0ak Grove 320.29 600 68 10. 25 4t 1 82 Voorhees' 314.14 4O0 47 10.5 16 4( 1 RS Keaville 526.75 316.07 600 1,000 84 51 9. 11.6 43 14 60 60 "T 1 84 Plensant Kidge 86 Neshanic 414.45 70C 46 10.6 21 6C 1 87 Flemington .... 3,066.34 14,000 454 10. 168 326 1 6 8S Wagoner's 317.22 1,00C 47 10. 30 60 1 8£ Harmony 315.38 30C 52 11.2 15 40 1 M( 322.75 1,000 74 10. 24 40 1 Total $6,232.07 1 $20,6001 085 10.3 371 785 4 11 Of the total amount received, $3929.20 was from State appropriation, $302.87 apportionment from sur- plus revenue, $1500 district school-tax voted for pay- ment of teachers' salaries, and $600 district school- tax voted for building purposes. Besides the attend- ance of pupils given in the above table, it was estimated that 56 children were in attendance upon private schools, and that 130 attended no school dur- ing the year. CHURCHES. The churches of this township are two of the Pres- byterian denomination, located at Eeaville and Flem- ington, and one each of the Baptist, Methodist Epis- copal, Protestant Episcopal, and Roman Catholic denominations, located in the village of Flemington. THE PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH, TLEMINGTON. For the history of this religious body we are in- debted mainly to the " Historical Discourse" delivered in the Presbyterian church of Flemington, July' 16, 1876, by Rev. George S. Mott, D.D., pastor of the church. There were many Presbyterian families located in Flemington and its vicinity, and it was but natural that they should early make an efibrt to establish a church in their neighborhood. The great distance to the old church in Amwell, the bad condition of the roads in the winter season, the impassable streams during the spring, and the fact that no refreshment could there be obtained,* were the inciting causes which led, in April, 1791, to the circulation of a paper in Flemington ask- ing subscriptions to a fund to be paid to the First Amwell corporation towards the support of Rev. Mr. Grant (to whom the First and Second Amwell churches were about to give a call), provided he would preach at Flemington one-fourth of his time. These pioneers were offered the use of the Baptist meeting-house when it was not occupied by that congregation, and they also counted upon the holding of services, if need be, in the court-room of the court-house which was to be built the following summer. Over $100 (£21) were subscribed, to be paid in " hard money."t For some unexplained cause this project was aban- doned. The next efibrt — the project of Jasper Smith, that the old meeting-house should be torn down, and a new one erected at Flemington — also failed ; but, nothing daunted, the friends of the new church now took the preliminary steps towards its organiza- tion. A paper was circulated, reciting why it was desirable to form a Presbyterian Church in Fleming- ton, the signers agreeing to unite in the formation of such an organization. It was to be under the care of the Presbytery of New Brunswick. The paper bore the date of June 23, 1791, and contained the names of John Griggs, Martin Johnson, John Reading, Joseph Reading, F. V. Hicks, Jacob Painter, Nicholas Em- mons, Peter Case, John Case, Samuel GroflT, Rebecca Heavison, Samuel Griggs, Charles Reading, Jacob Johnson, Gilbert Van Camp, James Alexander, Joa- kim Griggs, Isaac Hill, Jasper Smith, Henry Bailie, George Alexander, Daniel Reading, Richard Hill, Joseph Capner, John Derrick, Philip Yawger, Ely Peirson, John R. Reading, John Henry, Cornelius Polhemus, Thomas Reading, Hendrick Johnson, Arthur Gray, Joseph Gray, James Clark, Susannah Smith, Peter Order, Samuel Hill, Peter Latourette, Jacob Hufi'man, John Gray, Henry Baker, Philip Case, Rem. Voorhees, John Phillips, John Hart- pence, Thomas Carhart, Paul Cool, John Schank, Peter Yawger, Jacob Polhemus, Amos Hartley, Richard Phillips, William Schank, Jr., Elizabeth Blackwell, William Case. Jasper Smith appeared before the next Presby- tery in behalf of the petitioners, who asked to be enrolled " as a new-formed church, to have regular supplies ordered to them until they could build a church, and are able to support a regular and stated preacher of the gospel among them." The petition * The custom then generally prevailed of having two services on the Sabbath, with only a short intermission, during which some of the mem- bers of the congregation adjourned to a taveru or some store and partook of cake and beer, prepared for the Sunday customers. " It was deemed a serious privation that no such opportunity was afforded at Fii-st Am- well, for the church was in the open country." f At this date paper money was not equal to hard money, as it was called in hard-money engagements. " One-half is now (1790) the cur- rent exchange." 310 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. also stated that a temporary place of meeting had been procured, and that, of the fifty-five heads of families signing, thirteen only were connected with the old church as subscribers towards the salary. This application was strenuously opposed by the two Amwells through their representative, John Prall, Jr., because such a measure would so weaken them that they could not support a pastor. The Presbytery, instead of coming to a decision, resolved to " meet at the First Presbyterian Church of Amwell, on the first Tuesday in November, ... to examine into and settle, if possible, the differences," etc. The Presby- tery convened as appointed. Great interest appears to have been taken in this case, evidenced by the large attendance and prominent members present, among whom were Drs. Witherspoon and Stanhope Smith, of Princeton College, Armstrong, of Trenton, and Joseph Clark, of Allentown, afterwards of New Brunswick. After mature deliberation, Presbytery resolved unanimously that " matters do not appear ripe for forming the petitioners into a new congrega- tion,'' and advised " all parties to unite in prosecuting the call for Mr. Grant," who was to "preach one- quarter part of his time at Amwell First Church, one other fourth part of his time at Flemington, and the remaining half of his time at Amwell Second Church, and that the salary be apportioned to the time at each place." This decision was acquiesced in, and the Rev. Thomas Grant was not only called, but duly ordained and installed in December, 1791. Jan. 9, 1792, a meeting was held of the newly- formed congregation in the Baptist meeting-house, "where more than thirty families* (of Presbyterians) statedly assembled for worship." Their purpose, ac- cording to a notice previously given (of which the original is on file), was to elect trustees, and thereby secure incorporation. " Jasper Smith, counselor-at- law, Thomas Beading, Esq., Capts. Arthur Gray and Charles Reading, Messrs. Cornelius Polhemus, Samuel Hill, and Joseph Capner" were elected and incorpo- rated as " The Trustees of the Flemington English Presbyterian Church in Amwell, in the County of Hunterdon and State of New Jersey." The trustees chose Jasper Smith as their president. In the spring of 1793 ground was broken for a build- ing. A lot had been purchased of Joseph Robeson, containing 1 acre 37 perches, for £40 silver. The deed was not given until July 17, 1794. The edifice was 45 by 55 feet, built of stone. The walls were pointed and the corners laid with hewn stone, brought "from Large's land, in Kingwood, where the like stones were got for the court-house." For the day in which it was built it was a most creditable struc- ture, showing the liberality and good taste of the people. It stood within the present graveyard fence. The front was just where the south fence of the Mettler * Thirty families were required by law of 1786 in order to obtain incor- poration. plot runs and faced to the south, where were two doors of entrance. On each of the sides were two rows of three windows each. The windows on the upper row were arched. The north end had two arched win- dows. The outside was handsomely finished and painted, but the inside walls were not plastered. Rough benches, made of saw-mill slabs put on legs, furnished seats for the worshipers. Two aisles ex- tended through the building. In the winter days a little heat was produced fi-om two pits, set in the floor of these aisles, about two-thirds up towards the pul- pit. Each pit was about 5 feet long and 1 foot deep, and bricked. These were filled with glowing char^ coal. About 1816 two stoves for burning wood were put in, but these did not warm the church suiHciently. When anthracite coal was introduced, two coal-stoves, made of sheet iron by Mahlon Smith, were used for years, in addition to the wood-stoves. This partly- finished building cost £650 cash, besides material and labor which were given to the value of £300 more. May 11, 1794, Mr. Grant preached for the first time in the new house. The dedication sermon was by Rev. Mr. Armstrong, of Trenton. The church then chose as overseers "to keep order in the church in the time of worship, and to conduct divine worship and read a sermon when the pastor is absent," Jacob Mattison, Joakim Griggs, Thomas Reading, and Jas- per Smith. The two last-named gentlemen were ordained the first elders, July 16, 1797. At this date collections were taken to support missionaries on the frontier, which was then Middle New York and Western Pennsylvania. But the congregation labored under serious disad- vantages. The pastor preached but once in three Sundays. He lived near Reaville; consequently, the people saw him seldom, and this church was little more than a preaching-post. Religion declined, especially in this church, at that time, owing in part to Mr. Grant's health, which was so delicate that he was frequently unable to discharge the duties of his ministry here. The church was also in arrears in money matters,— a trouble which likewise existed in the congregations of Amwell. In April, 1809, Mr. Grant requested that the pastoral relation between him and the several congregations should be dis- solved, urging his want of health to perform the duties required. This was granted. He died in March, 1811. The church was served by supplies for one year. Meanwhile, this congregation proposed to the Ger- man congregation at Larison's, which had also be- come vacant, to join with them in the call and sup- port of one and the same pastor. This proposal would probably have been accepted had not the First Amwell, on becoming acquainted with the overture, offered to unite with them on the same terms. This last seemed to them the most desirable and natural union, as it was. Thus the old house (First Amwell), the new house (Second Amwell), and the German EARITAN. 311 congregations united for the support of one pastor, together possessing funds the interest of which amounted to $600, while the Flemington portion was left by itself, without funds, and even in debt. Notwithstanding all this, a few individuals under- took the apparently hopeless task of raising by sub- scription support for a pastor for the whole of his time, and the people responded with a most unex- pected liberality. This enabled the congregation, in the spring of 1810, to call Jacob Field, a licentiate of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, on a salary of $600 per annum for two years, and then to increase at the rate of $20 a year until it amounted to $600. Under the circumstances, , this was a large salary. It equaled that paid by congregations far more able, and proves what a church can do when aroused and quickened by provocation. Mr. Field supplied the congregation for six months before accepting the call, and was ordained and installed Nov. 28, 1810. About this time another subscription was started to obtain money for the completion of the church building. Seven hundred dollars were procured, and during the summer of 1810 the interior of the house was finished. The walls were plastered and the ceil- ing rounded and covered with narrow boards painted sky-blue. Candlesticks fastened to the pillars fur- nished light when there was evening service, which was seldom. Wooden candelabra were made for the pulpit in 1816. Oil-lamps were not introduced until about 1825. The old slab benches were put in the gallery, and fiffcy-four pews took their places on the ground floor. It was agreed to leave the pews free until the next spring. April 3, 1811, a meeting of the congregation was held, of which George C. Maxwell was made president, Alexander Bonnell vice-presi- dent, and Thomas Gordon secretary. " It was unan- imously resolved that the pews should be rented for the purpose of supporting the pastor, and other pur- poses." And so it has continued until this day. At this meeting a resolution was passed that " any per- son or persons who choose may have a door to their pew, but at their own expense." The rents amounted to $635.75. The highest was $23, and the lowest $5. If we compare the value of money then, and the in- comes of the people, with the same now, we shall find that pew-rents were higher in 1811 than in 1876. The following-named members of the congregation hired the pews : Jonathan Hill, Cornelius William- son, John E. Reading, W. Maxwell, J. Beading, Jr., T. Gordon, J. Maxwell (these four were probably un- married men, as they occupied one pew), Christopher Cool, Sr., William Case, Dr. William Geary, John G. Trimmer, James Disbrow, Charles Beading, Jr., H. Grofi; Peter Grofi" (these four also took one pew), Peter Dilts, Leonard Kuhl, Peter Kuhl, Jr. (these three one pew), Neal Hart, Peter Haward, Joakim Hill, Mathew Thompson, Henry Baker, Preston Bruen, Elnathan Moore, Ferdinand Johnson, Der- rick Waldron, Andrew Van Fleet, William Bloom, Peter Nevius, James Clark, Jr., John Schenck, Sr., John Schenck, Jr., Cornelius Wyckoff, John Beading, Sr., Thomas Beading, Eev. Jacob T. Field, Alexan- der Bonnell, Mercy Gray, Mrs. Sarah Hill, Mrs. Hannah Gray (these three one pew), Daniel Bead- ing, Charles Beading, Isaac Hill, George C. Maxwell, William Young, Jacob Young, Christopher Bowe, Joseph Case, Thomas Capner, Matthew Lare, Joseph Stillman, Mrs. Elijah Carman, George Beading, Christopher Cool, Martha Wilson, Edward Wyckoff, Elizabeth Griggs, William Young, David Bellis, Samuel McNair, John Maxwell, John Lee, Abraham Huffman, Isaac Van Dorn, Joseph P. Chamberlin, Col. David Bishop, Arthur Schenck. Only four pews were unlet, and of four more the half of each was taken. The pastoral relation between this church and Mr. Field continued only three years. It ter- minated by his own request, April 27, 1813. Jacob Ten Eyck Field was born in Lamington, N. J., Oct. 31, 1787. Early in life he connected him- self with the church of that place. He entered the College of New Jersey in 1806, and pursued theolog- ical studies under Bev. Dr. WoodhuU, of Monmouth, then labored for a few years as missionary in and around Stroudsburg, Pa., before coming to Fleming- ton. After leaving this church he accepted a call to Pompton, N. J. He died at Belvidere, N. J., May 17, 1866, in his eightieth year. He was an intimate friend of Drs. Kirkpatrick and Studdiford. He " stood up" with Dr. Kirkpatrick when he was mar- ried, and in turn was married by the doctor, and they went to their reward almost hand in hand. In the summer of 1815 (June 14th), John Flavel Clark was ordained and installed. In 1818 a Sab- bath-school was organized and held in the academy for three years, when it was removed into the gallery of the church. In winter it was brought down around the stoves. This remained a union school until about 1824, when each congregation formed its own school. The first superintendent of this union school was Daniel Griggs, who held the position for three years, and until he removed from the village. Mahlon Smith then became its superintendent,* and during the three years it was under his charge there was a revival, which strengthened the school and the church. Augustus Frisbie became superintendent at a later date, resigning in 1842, when Augustus G. Eichey, now of Trenton, was elected to that office. He retired in 1844, on leaving Flemington, and Wil- liam P. Emery took his place in 1845. He continued superintendent (with the exception of two years, when Col. Clark occupied that post) until his resig- nation, in 1870. Hon. J. T. Bird was then elected and served for two years. On his resignation E. Vos- seller was called to the head of the school, which position he yet retains. * He also had charge of the school at Walnut Grove, which he organ- ized in 1819. 312 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. This church continued to enjoy Mr. Clark's exclu- sive services until 1820, and from that time until 1836 united with the First Amwell in his support, each paying one-half of his salary, and he preaching for both on alternate Sabbaths. For sixteen years existed this harmonious co-operation. In 1836 both churches deemed it expedient to resume their sepa- rate pastoral relations; and Mr. Clark, receiving a call from each, decided to accept that of Amwell. During the pastorate of Mr. Clark the interior of the church and its surroundings were much improved. In 1827 a new pulpit was put in ; it was a small hex- agon, large enough for only one person, and stood on a high pillar with a sounding-board over it. The time-honored slab benches in the gallery were super- seded by rows of seats. The graveyard was enlarged in 1833, and the next year the whole plot was in- closed. In 1837 (April 19th), Eev. J. M. Olmstead was in- stalled. There were then 109 members on the roll. He entered vigorously upon his duties, and the growth of the church confirmed the wisdom of hav- ing the entire services of a pastor. Under his min- istry the church was blessed with several seasons of religious interest. At one communion in 1842, 34 united on confession. In October, 1839, the Presby- tery of Earitan was formed, and this church was transferred to it from the Presbytery of Newton, with which it had been connected since the' formation of that Presbytery, in 1818. The first meeting of the new Presbytery was held in Flemington, and also the last, in May, 1869, in which year that Presbytery was dissolved and divided among the adjoining Presby- teries. In the summer of 1844 a lecture-room was erected, 27} by 37J feet, on a lot which was given by William H. Sloan, Esq. Mr. Olmstead built the house which is now the parsonage. In October, 1847, he sent a letter to Presbytery, stating that on account of feeble health he would be unable to preach for several months. The ministers of Presbytery offered to give a Sabbath and thus supply the pulpit, and an appointment was accordingly made for every other Sabbath. Although Mr. Olmstead's health improved under this rest, he soon became satisfied that his strength was not adequate to the work of the parish. He resigned, and the pastoral relation ceased Nov 1 1849. The church was vacant one year, when Oct. 29, 1850, Eev. John L. Janeway was installed on a salary of $700, which afterwards was raised to $1000. The membership of the church numbered 163. The con- gregation had now so grown that all desiring seats could not be accommodated. The building also needed repairs. In 1848 a committee had been ap- pointed to ascertain what alterations and repairs were necessary. A report was made, but no further steps were taken. Committees were appointed and reports made for several years, but nothing definite was un- dertaken until in March, 1852, when an architect was employed to make an estimate of the cost of repair- ing, of the expense of an addition, and of an entire new building. During the next year (1858) a sub- scription was opened for a new house. But little was accomplished, so that at the meeting of the con- gregation the next April the committee was con- tinued. Progress was checked by a desire to have the church located in a central part of the town. Finally, it was determined to build on the present site, and additional land was purchased of William E. Bellis, lying on the east side of the church-lot, at the ex- treme southern point of which stood a tavern, just where the front entrance now opens. The building committee were A. J. Holcombe, Hugh Capner, J. C. Hopewell, A. V. Bonnell, William P. Emery. The corner-stone was laid in May, 1856, and the church was dedicated the next May, on the 14th, on a very stormy day. The sermon was preached by Prof Wil- liam H. Green, of Princeton Theological Seminary. The edifice cost something over $11,000, which was made up by subscriptions and the sale of pews. The same year (1857) an additional acre was purchased of Mahlon Smith, enlarging the church-yard to its pres- ent dimensions. At that date, also, the practice of holding quarterly celebrations of the Lord's Supper was inaugurated. In 1859 a melodeon was introduced, which was replaced by an organ in 1867. At first the singing was led by a precentor. Col. Clark for some sixteen years had charge of the choir, up to 1857, when he resigned. His services were gratuitous. During the absence of the pastor (Eev. Mr. Jane- way) in the war of the Eebellion the pulpit was supplied by Eev. N. L. Upham, who afterward settled at Eeaville. Under the ministration of Dr. Janeway the con- gregation increased in numbers and influence. In 1852 and 1866 were seasons of religious awakening which added many to the church. But the exposures of the camp while he was chaplain seemed to have undermined his constitution, and on account of his enfeebled health he resigned in December, 1868. In January, 1869, George S. Mott, D.D., the present pastor, was called, and installed May 4th of the same year. During the summer the lecture-room became too small to accommodate the classes of the Sunday- school, and Hopewell Hall was hired. The lecture- room was given up to the infant-school, which was organized as a separate department in May. In a few months Miss S. Hopewell was called to the head of it, an still remains there. Beginning with 15 it has num- bered as high as 100. In 1879 the two schools took possession of the present chapel. In 1870 the house of Dr. Janeway, on Main Street, was purchased, repaired, and enlarged into the present commodious and attractive parsonage at a total cost of $11,683. During the present pastorate there have been three revivals,— in 1870 when 66 united on confession ; in 1874, 37, and in 1876, the same number. The total EARITAN. 313 additions are 218 on confession and 140 by certificate from other churches. The membership now is 430. During the same period the congregation has con- tributed $24,869 for missionary and benevolent pur- poses, and has disbursed $47,552 in meeting its ex- penses. In 1877 the congregation sent the pastor to Europe, generously providing him with a purse sufiicient for a journey of three months and a half. In the history of this church, covering as it does nearly a century of time, it is only possible to here give the prominent facts of the past. Appended is a chronological list of the pastors, elders, deacons, and trustees. Pastors. 1791-1809, Thomas Grant; 1810-13, Jacob Ten Eyck Field ; 1815-36, John Flavel Clark ; 1837-49, James Munson OlmBtead ; 1850-68, John L. Janeway ; 1869, George Scudder Motfr.* Elders. Thomas Beading, ordained 1797, died 1814 : Jasper Smith, ordained 1797 ; Arthur Schenct ;| Jonathan Hill;f Isaac Hill, ordained 1811 ; Cor. WiUiamson, ordained 1811, died 1818 ; Jeptha Anderson, ordained 1816, died 1820 ; Paul Knhl, Jr., ordaiued 181 6, died 1859 ; Christopher Cool, ordained 1816, died 1844 ; John G. Trimmer, ordaiued 1816, died 1844; Daniel Marsh, ordained 1838, died 1866; Mahlon Smith, or- daiued 1838 ; John Griggs, ordained 1838, died 1872 ; Cor. William- son, ordained 1838, died 1853 : Leonard P. Kuhl, ordained 1848, died 1857 ; William P. Emery, ordained 1848 ; Peter I. Clark, ordained 1857, died 1863; John Kershow, ordained 1867, died 1868 ; John T. Yard, ordained 1857 ; Peter Neviue, ordaiued 1864 ; George B. Stot- hoff, ordained 1864 : William B. Kuhl, ordained 1S69, died 1870 ; John T. Bird, ordaiued 1869 ; E. E. Bullock, ordained 1869 ; A. T. Conuet, ordained 1869. Beacons. 1869, John C. Coon, John S. Emery ,{ Richard S. Kuhl, Joseph Higglus. Tntsiees.^ 1792.— Jasper Smith, Thomas Beading, Arthur Gray, Charles Beading, Samnel Hill, Joseph Capner, Cornelius Polhemus. 1795.— Jasper Smith, Samuel Hill, Thomas Beading, Arthur Gray, Samuel Bobert Stewart. 1806. — Thomas Reading, George C. Maxwell, Charles Beading, William Bennet, Samuel Hill, Joseph Capner, Isaac Hill. 1809.— Geoj-ge C. Maxwell, Charles Reading, John B. Beading, Samuel Hill, Isaac Hill, Arthur Schenck, Jonathan Hill. 1814.— Samuel L. Southard, Charles Beading, Cornelius Wyckoff, Samuel Griggs, John R. Reading, Jonathan Hill, John G. Trimmer. 1817.— Thomas Gordon, William P. Toung, Andrew Van Fleet, Cornelius Wyckoff, Samuel Griggs, John R. Beading, William Maxwell. 1819. — David P. Shrope, William Williamson (in place of Thomas Gordon and William Maxwell, resigned). 1820 — Daniel Marsh (in place of Slirope, resigned). 1821.— Nathaniel Saxton, Cornelius Wyckoff, Samuel Griggs, William Williamson, Daniel Marsh, Andrew Van Fleet, William P. Toung. 1823. — Joseph Reading, George Bialer, John F. Schenk, M.D.|| 1825.— Nathaniel Saxton, Samuel Griggs, CorneUus Wyckoff, Daniel Mareh, Joseph Beading, William P. Young, Neal Hart. 1828.— Joseph Beading, Elisha B. Johnson, Alexander Wurts, .George Maxwell, Daniel Marsh, Neal Hart, Bobert K. Beai>, A.B. 1823, aged 30 years. *' They who knew him need no monumental eulogy. They who knew him not would view as living vanity the posthumous efforts of the Tablet." The other two inscriptions inform us that "Alexander Bonnell, born Jan, 31, 1708 ; died Aug. 1819." " Catharine, relict of Alex. Bonnell, born Jan. 12, 1770, died May 26, 1854." Another states that Charles Bonnell died March 24, 1830, aged thirty-four years. RARITAN. 323 *• In memory of Gabriel Hoff, who died Jan. 29, 1S30, in the 76th year of his age. "Farewell my Friends & Children dear I am not dead but sleeping here." " Ann, wife of Gabriel Hoff, died April 11, 1857, aged 78 years." " Jane Kennedy, widow of Daniel Keading,'died July 30, 1840, aged 70 years, 6 months, and 13 days." " Levi R., son of Cornelius and Elizabeth Ann Vorhis, died May 4, 1846." " In memory of Thomas Capner, a native of Leicestershire, England, Emigrated to America in the year 1787, died September 7th 1832, aged 63 years." " Mary, relict of Thomas Capner, who died Feb. 28, 1856, in the 80th year of her age." " Hopy Henry, wife of Joseph Henderson, Nov. 27, 1840, aged 62 years." " Christina Capner, wife of Peter Nevius, and daughter of Hugh and Matilda Capner, died Dec. 12, 1865, aged 34 yeare." In this " city of the dead" the Beading family are largely represented. Some of the inscriptions we give, in brief, — viz. : " Daniel Reading, died Apr. 9, 1S34, aged 71 years, 2 months, and 4 days." " Ann Beading, born Jan. 29, 1777 ; died Apr. 17, 1861." " Elizabeth H. Beading, daughter of Joseph and Eleanor Beading, died Oct. 19, 1828." " Joseph, son of James N. and Sarah C. A. Beading, died Jan. 29, 1845, aged 8 months." " Daniel K. Beading, bom Feb. 1, 1804 ; died Nov. 23, 1835." " Robert K. Beading, born June 20, 1790 ; died Dec. 13, 1863." '' Alexander Beading, died Dec. 5, 1820, aged 62 years." " Mary Reading, died May 4, 1825, set. 53 years." "Elizabeth Reading, died May 9, 1821, aged 47 years." " Eliza Reading, died Sept. 16, 1818." " John Reid Beading, died Apr. 30, 1821." " Daniel B. Beading, born Deo. 1 7, 1796 ; died Dec. 25, 1868." The following is the inscription upon the monument of Major Boeman : " Lambert Boeman, Major 15th Reg't N. J. Vols., Fell in the Battle of Cedar Creek, Va., At the head of his command as acting col. of the loth New Jersey, October 19th, 1864, In the 32nd year of his age." " With permission of the family, this monument is erected hy a few personal friends of the Departed, as a token of their love and gratitude, and to transmit to posterity a gratefnl remembrance of the patriotism and self-sacriflcing devotion manifested by him in the darkest and most trying hours of peril to his country." From the Baptist churchyard are taken the follow- ing : "John T. Blackwell, died Aug. 4, 1831, aged 69 years." " Asher Higgins, died Dec. 10, 1823, aged 36 years." " William Bishop, died July 23, 1842, aged 68 years, i months, and 20 days." " Abraham Quick, died Sept. 2, 1823." " Henry Gulick, died Aug. 9, 1854, in his 82d year." " John Brittain, died Sept. 15, 1844, aged 77 years, 10 days." " Jacob Francis, died July 26, 1836, aged 81 years." " Mary Ann Bellis, wife of Gabriel W. AUer, died Aug. 1, 1841." The Roman Catholic cemetery, on Bonnell Street, in the western part of the village, was purchased in 1865 and established as the burial-ground of that de- nomination. Being of so recent a date, but few inter- ments have been made. PEOSPECT HILL CEMETERY. This cemetery is owned by " Prospect Hill Ceme- tery Association of Flemington," incorporated April 13, 1870, by William P. Emery, Charles Bartles, John C. Hopewell, Judiah Higgins, and Abraham V. Van Fleet, with a capital stock of $20,000, divided into 400 shares. Its officers at organization were : Presi- dent, Charles Bartles ; Secretary and Treasurer, C. C. Dunham ; Directors, the five corporators above named, and David Van Fleet, C. C. Dunham. They have served, with exception of Joseph H. Higgins as di- rector in place of Abram Van Fleet, until the present (1880). William P. Emery is superintendent. The grounds embrace two tracts, purchased of Daniel Suydam and Mrs. Elizabeth Kee, and aggregate a frac- tion less than 18 acres, upon Mullen Hill, lying to the northward of Capner Street. The first plot sold was to John Grabow. The first interment was the body of Dr. J. A. Gray. A large share of the burials have been of bodies removed from the old village church- yards, as is shown by some of the inscriptions upon tablets erected over their remains. INDUSTRIES. The pursuits of the people of this township, outside of the village of Flemington, are now, and have been from the first, agricultural. With the culture of the cereals is combined dairying to a considerable extent. Large quantities of milk particularly are shipped daily from Flemington to the New York market. There are also several grist- and flouring-mills in different parts of the township, some of which date from before the Revolution. Such an one was that on Jonathan Higgins' place, near Ringos, and run by many succeeding generations of the family until about seven years ago. A bone-mill located on the Neshanic, near Copper Hill, and a saw- and grist-mill in the same neighbor- hood, are owned by William Hill. Kershow's mill, on the South Branch, is the most prominent of the existing grist-mills of the township. On the South Branch of Baritan, about two and a half miles from Flemington, a fulling-mill was carried on in the early part of this century by Daniel D. Wil- liams. About 1826 (possibly earlier) it was repaired and run by Levi M. Metier. His advertisement in the Hunterdon Gazette of 1826 states that he has " been engaged in the manufacture of woolen cloths for a number of years," and that the mill was " late the property of William Conover." Fifty years ago (1830) Jacob Voorhees had a cabinet-shop two miles east of Flemington, at the "cross-roads," near the Voorhees school-house. MATTERS OF SPECIAL NOTE. "At the opening of the Revolution, near the Presbyterian church stood a long, low, frame building, beginning a few feet in front of John Capner's lawn-fence and extending a few feet south of the north end of 324 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Ilia dwelling. For many years it wa5 a store* famous in all these ports. In this store-house a quantity of muskets was placed by the Conti- nentals. When the British occupied Trenton they were informed of this fact, and sent 500 cavalry for the purpose of seizing tliese arms. Tliey arrived earlyln the morning, and found in the main street a man with a cart, whom they pressed into their service. The chests in wliich the guns were packed were taken out of the building and put into the cart, and the whole troop hastened away. But when they reached Tattersall's Lane, where the tile-kiln now is, they became alarmed, and concluded it would be better to destroy the muskets than attempt to carry them away, so they broke the guns by striking them upon the posts of the fence. In the mean time Capt. John Schenck had collected a band of men and secreted them in a piece of woods between Copper Hill and Larison's. As the horsemen filed through this they were fired upon. Capt. Geary, the commander of the British, ordered his troops to halt and face the spot whence the firing proceeded, when he was almost instantly shot through the head. His men wheeled and fled. '^This resistance probably saved the village and neighborhood from other raids. This captain — afterwards Col. Schenck — was a brave officer ; he was in nearly all the important battles of New Jersey. "f A company of American soldiers were quartered one winter during the Revolution near the Presby- terian church. The Baptist church was also occupied as barracks by the Americans. Barber, in his " Historical Collections of New Jersey," says that during the war of the Revolution a detachment of the American army encamped on Gray's Hill near the village, and Washington had his headquarters at the residence of Col. Stewart, then a commissary. Among those who figured conspicuously in the Revolution was Col. Hugh Runyon, a bold and fear- less officer, " full of energy amid scenes of danger ;" Joseph Capner,^ ancestor of the Capners in Fleming- ton, married one of his daughters. Col. Charles Stewart, for many years a resident of this township, was commander of the First Regiment of minute-men in this State ; was afterwards promoted to colonel of the line, and commissioned by Congress in 1776 as commissary-general, serving on Washington's staff until the close of the war. The sons of Adam Bellis were active participants in the Revolutionary struggle on the battle-fields of Trenton, Monmouth, etc. Thomas Gearhart, who outlived most of his fellow- comrades, was as witty as brave, and he, as well as John Howe, was buried in the Presbyterian church- yard in Flemington. Raritan township during the late Rebellion raised large sums of money and furnished her full share of men, — in fact, fully sustained her reputation for loy- alty to the Union. The last public celebration of Independence Day in Flemington was in 1860. The exercises were held in the old apple-orchard on the farm of John H. Capner, the orator of the day being a Rev. Mr. Lewers, of Milford. E. R. Bullock, Esq., read the Declaration of Independence. This occasion is also memorable for the fire that then occurred. In the afternoon Mr. Capner's large barn, situated near Main Street, was entirely consumed, with its contents, including two * This store was kept in connection with a mill, on the site of John Rockafellow's mill, f Dr. Mott'B Hist. Disc., pp. 17, 18. horses, while an intoxicated man asleep in the barn barely escaped with his life. A strong north wind carried a shower of sparks over the town, which, fall- ing thickly upon the roofs of many houses, promised a general conflagation. The result, no doubt, would have been serious but for the rain which fell' in torrents. FLEMINGTON VILLAGE. This beautiful village is situated very nearly in the geographical centre of Raritan township, of which, and contiguous territory, it is the leading business and commercial mart, being also the seat of justice for the county. The location here of the court-house and county buildings has greatly fostered the growth of the village. It is about equidistant from Reaville, Barley Sheaf, Copper Hill, and Klinesville, within a radius of three miles. Flemington is located about a mile south of the South Branch of the Raritan River, 11 miles northeast from Lambertville, 9 south from Clinton, 10} east from Frenchtown, and about 14 (in a straight line) west from Somerville. Its boundaries are thus described : " Beginning at the Arch bridge, near Kichard Emmans' ; thence run- ning due south to the public road leading from Flemington to .Tohu C. MerriH's ; thence in a straight line to the southeast corner of George Hanson's lot, near Thomas Hartpence's; thence due west to Thomas Ed- mondson's line; thence north along said Edmoudson's line to Charles Bartles' line; thence along said Bartles' line north to the public road leading from Flemington to Sergeantsville ; thence in a straight line to the west end of Bonnell street; thence in a straight line to the south- west corner of Mrs. Kee's land; thence along Mrs. Kee's land to the northwest comer thereof; thence in a straight line to the creek north of Samuel Johnson's house; theuce down the said creek, tlie sev- eral courses thereof, to the place of beginning."J By the foregoing description it will be seen that the town is somewhat irregular in shape, and that its eastern line is the only one pursuing a straight, un- deviating course, its northern line, the Bushkill Creek, being tortuous in the extreme. Flemington is a little more than a mile in width, and about a mile and one-third long, embracing an area of one and a half square miles. Its population, according to the recently completed census of 1880, is 1748, — an increase of 336 over that of 1870. The title to the lands of this village, as well as to a vast area beyond, was originally held by Daniel Coxe and William Penn, two of the proprietaries of the West Jersey Company. The north portion of the village was in Coxe's tract,? the south part in Penn's, the dividing line between the two tracts being from east to west, passing by the lamp-post now standing in front of the Presbyterian church. A high stone just over the brook, beyond Kershow's mill, is where this line touched the South Branch. To make their title the more secure, the proprietors purchased the X An Act for the Improvement of Flemington, approved March 14, 1870. i Commonly called the Mount Carmel tract, embracing 4170 acres. FLEMINGTON VILLAGE. 325 lands of the Indians, the deeds for which bear date of 1703. This land was first surveyed in 1712. The Penn's estate tract embraced 5000 acres.* NATOBAL FEATTOES. Flemington lies in one of the most beautiful of the many valleys of the Earitan and its tributaries. For many miles south and east the surface is undulating ■with, hills on the north and south. From Mount Carmel, on the west, a beautiful view of the village and its vicinage is afforded. In this valley is the county-town of Hunterdon. The principal portion of the village lies upon nearly level ground and upon I what is called " Main Street," which runs north and south. Parallel to it are Spring, Broad, and Stover Streets on the east, and New and Brown, on the west ; while the east-and-west streets are named Church, Williams, Lyceum, and Capner, and Penn Avenue. Bonnell and Minef Streets start near the centre of the village and run diagonally, south of west. Wyc- koff Avenue runs eastward from Branch Street, and the latter, from the Presbyterian church to the Bush- kill, in a nearly northeast direction. At the junction of Penn Avenue and Main and Branch Streets, also, comes in the " Clinton" road, from the northwest. The Bushkill Creek bounds the village on the north, and is the only stream worthy of mention within its limits. The soil is of the red shale, underlying which is the " Old Ked Sandstone." BABLT SETTLEMENT. From the earliest deeds it appears that the first purchase of land in this section was in 1731, when Daniel Coxe sold 210 acres to William Johnson, who two months later sold about one-fourth — 56J acres — to David Chambers, then of Philadelphia. This was conveyed in 1748 to Henry M. Mullen, from whom " Mullen Hill" derives its name. This passed in 1756 to John Wood, and in 1761 to Thomas Lowrey. Samuel Johnson, son of the William above named, was another purchaser of the Coxe tract in 1754. He bought 105 acres, and the next year sold 4 acres to William B. Potter, who, June 11, 1756, sold the same to Samuel Fleming, the recognized pioneer settler of the village. Many of the early settlers were of Irish nativity. William Johnson, Thoma-s Lowrey, and Samuel Flem- ing came from Ireland. Others were of Scotch, English, or German descent. Among them may be named Philip Kase (Case), Joseph Smith, James Farrar, George Alexander, Robert Burgess, John Haviland, Thomas Hunt, William Norcross, and Dr. George Creed. Some of these were without the limits of Flemington as now constituted, but in the early days the "Flemings' settlement" covered a consider- able territory. (For a sketch of William Johnson * "First Century of Hunterdon County." t So named from its running to the old copper-mine west of tlie vil- lage. and his descendants, see the chapter on the " Bench and Bar" in this work.) In 1756 Samuel Fleming purchased land. He brought with him from Ireland a boy, Thomas Low- rey, who afterwards married his daughter Esther, and became a prominent man, acquiring possession of sev- eral properties in the village.^ Fleming and Lowrey and his wife were devoted patriots during the Eevolu- tion. The old house where Fleming lived, and the first in the village, is still standing. It is the second house on the north side of Academy Street, and was recently occupied by Charles Miller. Fleming kept a tavern there. As in time other houses were erected the place was called " Flemings," and finally Flem- ington. Samuel Southard afterwards purchased and occupied this house,? until he built the one on Main Street, now owned and occupied by Alexander Wurts, Esq. Esther (Fleming) Lowrey, one of the pioneer women of this settlement, "was remarkable for her amiable and generous qualities, and was a practical and intelligent woman. Coming from Ireland when a child, she retained much of the richness of the brogue, especially when excited. Fleming and Low- rey were both strong Whigs, and Esther particularly earnest in the cause of the Revolution. It is related that one morning, about daybreak, news came to the village that the American army had met with a serious disaster. Esther's patriotic blood was stirred to a rage at the news, and, rushing to the chamber door, she called out in her strongest native accent, " Thomas, get up and mount the ould mare, and ride as fast as yez can and find out if the dom lie is thrue."|| Fleming seems to have been unfortunate in his purchases and sales of lands and in his business specu- lations. Buying from year to year so embarrassed him financially that finally he was sold out to pay his obli- gations. Dr. George Creed buying at auction his dwelling-house.lf Lowrey was as successful as Fleming was unfortu- nate. He was a shrewd man, and became rich and influential. He was one of the founders of the Am- well Baptist Church in 1765, was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1775 from Hunterdon, lieuten- ant-colonel in the Third Hunterdon Regiment in 1776, later was colonel,** and after the war a member of the State Legislature. In 1785 he sold his prop- erty in Flemington and vicinitytf and removed to Frenchtown, where he purchased large tracts of land, erected mills, founded Frenchtown, and built up Mil- } Witbout doubt the first purchase Lowrey made was 650 square feet, in 1758, on which the storehouse was subsequently built, in which he engaged in merchandising. g Dr. Motts' Hiet. Disc, 1876. II Traditions of our AncestoiB, chap. xi. f Dr. Mott's Hist'l Discoui-se, p. 9. ** Minutes of Provincial Congress and Council of Safety, 1775-76, pp. 170, 184, 237, 465. ttlt;was at this time that Eobert Burgess purchased 107J^ acres of Lowrey, for £800, " hard mouey." 326 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. ford, wliich latter was for a time called Lowerytown. He died at Frenclitowii in 1809. In 1767, Thomas Lowrej' owned two lots, lying south of what is now Penn Avenue, extending east from the road to Trenton (now Main Street) 20 chains, and south on the Trenton road 3 chains 68 links, amount- ing to hetween 6 and 7 acres. The northwest quarter part of the west lot he purchased of J. Anthony. The next lot south was owned by Jasper Smith, contained 3 acres and 10 chains in depth. Next south lay the lot of William Pearson, of same shape and area as Jasper Smith's. Then came five narrow lots, all of equal depth (10 chains), and each containing an acre. The second and third from the north were owned by William Disher and Jacob Mallison re- spectively. Below these lay the 8-acre lot of Joseph Hudnett, being 8 chains fronting on the Trenton road, and extending back (east) 10 chains. With the exception of the seven lots above men- tioned, all the remaining land on the east of Main Street, embracing both "front" and "back" lots, and extending from the old store-house* to the Baptist meeting-house lot, on the New Brunswick road, — in other words from the Presbyterian church to the Baptist church,— was divided April 24, 1767, be- tween Thomas Lowrey, Joseph Morris (for William Morris' heir), James Eddy, Christopher Marshall, and Gershom Lee, so that each had a little more than 14 acres as his individual share. "The following is ti true copy of an original Draft & Notes thereon, in my possession, supposed to have been made 24 April, 17G7. (Signed) "N. S.ixton." .^' licucMofccmpan^ ,i Jasp?rSMUIi.. William Pearson 3 g. 10 Chains "" Thomas Lowrey J lla,35|)erch. J Nsi. [BelDnsinelolhislottmu;! Ibe^ddpdLotls 8.11.21, ^OnflncfroriUQlts. I Joseph Hudnel S -Ba. ^I.Motvrfv b:ioiiosri'iai To" = w Morns' Meirs = Belongs to Nd2 in 'aloe James Eddy. (No3) I Christ Marsmll (No4) '•nlqZOrodi Gershom Lee ,(No5) H . Loir '.(lin^Or^ Thomas Lowrey. 3a.,2q..28rQds. Thos. Lowrey. JBa.aq.SGrods N.P3E.1. ■ I Wm Morris' heir. N52. ID12 belong', tolliis.iSiLlqZOR Trnuc Lofts Jaines Eddy. N!3 9iL,3n,l6R. Christ' Marshall N!4, 9a.3q.;i6R. Ton i Gershom Lee. No5. 3a,3q„16R. 'ewBrunsivic/c - 's "> PLAK OF FLEMIJSTGTON, 1767. * At the junction of the old road from HoweH's Ferry (now obsolete) ivlth the Trenton road,— that is, near where the Presbyterian church stands. " A Plan of several lotts of ground in Amwell aa divided the 24 of April 17G7 between Thomas Lowrey, Joseph Morris for William Morris's heir, James Eddy, Christopher Marshall & Gershom Lee, with their sev- eral names wrote on each division as they are numbered beginning from No. 1 to 5, containing upwards of 14 acres to each Lott. [Indorsed] " Date of release, 2d June, 1767." Gershom Lee deeded to Thomas Lowrey, Dec. 10, 1769, a tract of 21 acres, 32 perches (part of 533J acres purchased by John Reading as part of 3333 acres of Daniel, John, and William Cose, in 1745), and sold by his heirs to Gershom Lee, March 16, 1768. Joseph Taylor and Robert Dods were wit- nesses to this indenture. After the Revolution, Col. (afterwards Gen.) Charles Stewart, who rendered important service to the Amer- ican cause from the very commencement of the strug- gle, removed from Landsdown to Flemington, taking up his residence in a house near that of John C. HoiDewell, Esq., and owning a large farm extending to Coxa's Hill. There he lived until his death, June 24, 1800, at the age of seventy-one.f He was buried in the old Presbyterian churchyard at Bethlehem. A long epitaph is inscribed upon his tombstone, which was written by his life-long friend. Chief- Justice Smith, of Trenton, in these words : " He was an early and decided friend to the American Revolution and bore the important office of Cuuimissary-General of Issues to uuivei-sal acceptance. His friendships were fen'id and lasting, and commanded both his purse and his services. His hospitality was extensive and bountiful; The friend and the stranger were almost compelled to come in." His granddaughter, Mrs. Bower, after the .war, received marked attention, in Philadelphia, from Mrs. Washington. His daughter, Martha, married Robert Wilson, a young Irishman of education, who came to this country and volunteered in the Conti- nental army soon after the battle of Lexington. He was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Ger- mantown. Capt. Wilson died in Hackettstown, in 1779, at the early age of twenty-eight. Mrs. Wilson was distinguished for beauty and for a brilliant and cultured mind. J Some of Gen. Stewart's descendants have continued in the service of their country to this day. One of his grandsons, Charles Stewart, son of Samuel Stewart, was born in Flemington, where his father lived, near and east of the Presbyterian church. He was grad- uated at Princeton in 1815, and was a class-mate of Alexander Wurts ; first studied law, afterward theol- ogy, and went as a missionary to the Sandwich Islands, t "The Kret Century of Hunterdon County," p. 33. t Mrs. Ellet, in her "Women of the American Revolution," devotes a chapter to this lady, the daughter of one of Flemingtou's early resi- dents. FLEMINGTON VILLAGE. 327 from whence he returned in 1825. In 1828 he received the appointment of chaplain in the navy, in which office he continued until 1862, visiting all parts of the world. He died at Cooperstown, N. Y., at the age of seventy-five.* A son of his was graduated with Gen. McClellan at West Point, and during the Rebellion had charge of the Engineers' department at Fortress Monroe ; since the war he has had com- mand of the United States Engineers' Corps at San Prancisco, Cal. A granddaughter of Gen. Stewart, Mrs. Hoyt, widow of the late of Capt. Hoyt, resides at Landsdown, in this county, and has in her pos- session the old family record. Flemington's old hero was Thomas Gearhart, one of the early settlers. He was a daring soldier, and was shot through the knee by the British, who were in ambush on the river-shore. The ball, which had lodged behind the knee-cap, subsequently became visible under the skin. The doctors offered to cut it out, but the proud old soldier said, " No ; I got that ball in the Revolution, and I mean to carry it as long as I live !" and he did, although it made him a cripple for life ; it was buried with-, him. With native wit, he was the joker of his regiment during the war, sub- sequently entertaining many a crowd in Flemington with his droll stories. He lived where Andrew B. Rittenhouse, lately deceased, resided, and was buried in the Presbyterian churchyard, where his grave is pointed out by Mahlon Smith ; but the unlettered slab would not indicate that a herb slept beneath. Johannes Bursenbergh was an early settler in or near Flemington.f Of Dr. George Creed little is known. He was born at Jamaica, L. I., Oct. 1, 1735 ; commenced practicing his profession at Flemington in 1765, was the pioneer physician of the village, and was the purchaser of Fleming's dwelling-house.t In 1775, John Haviland was the owner of a half- acre lot, on which was a tan-yard, and where now is the brickyard? in the north part of the village. James Farrar cotemporaneously had a lot of 3} acres north of Lowrey's store-house. Samuel L. Southard, afterwards the distinguished senator and Supreme Court judge, built, in 1814, the house now owned by Alexander Wurts. He removed from the village in 1817. Jasper Smith built the house now owned by John Jones, Esq. Mr. Smith was professionally a lawyer, and a man of great energy and public spirit, and had much to do in securing the county-seat to Fleming- ton. He was a devoted church-member, and some- what strict in ideas. Pitching bullets in the street * Kev. Geo. S. Mott, D.D., Hiatorical Biaconrse, pp. 16, 17. t " First Century of Hunterdon County," Dr. Mott, p. 19. J He subsequently removed to Trenton, K. J., where he died suddenly of apoplexy about 1776. — BalTe Hist. Preahy. Church, Frenlon. gHist'l Disc, Dr. Mott, p. 9. John H. Capner says Mr. Haviland never had definite title to it, and that the half-acre — nowpartof a larger tract owned by John C. Hopewell — never had a brickyard on it, although near one. was a favorite amusement in his day, which he very much opposed. He finally became so much provoked at the practice that he one day picked up the bullets and threw them away. It is related that afterward the men engaged in this sport turned the tables on him by heating a bullet almost to melting and placing it in his way, at the same time warning him that he might some time get his fingers burned. He did pick it up, but dropped it quickly; nor did he trouble their bullets again. James Clark, Sr., was one of the oldest residents in Flemington. He was born in 1755, and died Deo. 20, 1828. He bore a part in the Revolution, and at his demise left a wife and three children. " He was de- servedly held in general esteem." He lived in a house, since torn down or removed, which stood where David Dunham now lives. His son, also known (after his father's death) as James Clark, Sr., died in Flem- ington ; was a carpenter by trade, but followed^arm- ing mainly. His youngest son, John Clark, now lives in the old Reading house, built by the " Governor," near what is now Kershow's Mills, in 1764. In 1804, Peter Haward went to Philadelphia and, for $70, bought a German to serve him for several years. His son, Thomas, lives now in a house built on his father's lot, near the South Branch depot. The house his father built, close by, is still standing, occu- pied by tenants, and owned by two of his daughters. His oldest daughter, Catharine, married Joseph H. Schenck, of Philadelphia, and his youngest daughter, Sarah, married Henry C. Hill, of Norristown, Pa. Mary and Jane never married. Among other prominent early families of this vi- cinity were the Blackwells. John T. Blackwell, son of James H., lived where is now the Blackwell block of stores, on Main Street. He was appointed judge of the court Feb. 8, 1804; was county clerk for nine- teen years and surrogate for seven. He died in 1831. His wife was Susan Hunt; his daughter, Clarissa, died in 1823. James H. Blackwell was postmaster for ten years (1820-30) . He lived in the second house north of the Union Hotel, on the east side of Main Street. John H. Blackwell was surrogate in 1823. Oliver H. Blackwell, born in Hopewell township, came to Flemington soon after 1800, with his father, John T. He died in 1877. None of the name now remain in the place, and of all the sons and daughters of John T., one son only (John P.) is living, or was quite recently, in New York. The Gregg family was a prominent one in Fleming- ton during the latter part of the last and early part of the present century. James Gregg was postmaster here in 1794, and Dr. John Gregg practiced physic from about the same time until 1808. They were of the Quaker faith. There is not a representative of this family now living in Flemington. The Capner i^ami%.— Joseph " Capnerhurst" came from England just after the Revolution and bought the Mine Farm, formerly Case's, and married Chris- 328 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. tiana Eunyan. He had but two sons, Thomas and Hugh. He had a brother named Thomas, who had sons, — John H. and James. The name " Capnerhurst" was abreviated to " Cap- ner" shortly after Joseph came to this country. Jo- seph Capner had a passion for blooded stock, prin- cipally for sheep. He was the second who keiDt Bakewell sheep in this country. The first were smuggled here by a man named Beans. Joseph Cap- ner's Bakewells were considered the finest sheep in the Union, and were sold to wool-growers in almost every State. When Hugh was about seven years old his father would send him out with a little bag of oats to feed the sheep, that he might acquire a fond- ness for them. It was through this early training that Hugh Capner became celebrated as an importer of the best Bakewells and as having one of the finest flocks in the Union. Thomas Capner, a brother of Joseph, and John H. Capner's father, came from England when a boy. John Hall, the great-uncle of Hugh and John H., came here before the Revolution to look at the coun- try, and returned. He sympathized with the Ameri- cans, but had landed property in England, and Capt. Coltman, wishing to come over and help fight our battles, left his wife in Mr. Hall's family and em- barked for America. He was a gallant soldier, and fought bravely all through the war. After the war Mr. Hall returned to America, bringing with him the Capner family and Capt. Coltman's wife. This was (says John H. Capner) about the year 1792. Joseph settled at Flemington, as already related, and Thomas went to a saw-mill at the mouth of the Wissahickon, in Pennsylvania, Here he became partner of Moses Hill, a wealthy Quaker of Philadelphia. He after- wards moved to Trenton. When his brother Joseph died, Thomas came to Flemington (not far from the year 1810), rented the Mine farm, and kept up the reputation of the family for raising and importing Bakewell sheep. When Thomas, the son of Joseph, became of age he bought the farm. This farm de- scended to Hugh Capner, by purchase fi-om Thomas, and he sold it to the mining company. Thomas Capner died in Flemington, in 1832, and was buried in the Presbyterian churchyard. John H. Capner, son of Thomas, was born at Trenton, N. J., in 1807 ; came here with his father about 1810, settling on the home-farm ; since 1818 has resided in Flemington, on the place where he is now living, at the age of seventy-three, quite hale and hearty. His wife, Anne Hill, was a daughter of Thomas Hill, of New Brunswick, N. J. ; she was born in 1810, and died Aug. 3, 1880, aged seventy. They had no children. His brother, James, lived in the village, in a house once belonging to Samuel Fleming. Among other early settlers at Flemington may be named the Bonnell, Rea, Callis, Atkinson, Maxwell, Hoff, Chamberlin, and Smith families. The earlier representatives of these names sleep in the village churchyards, but their memories still live. Their names will be found running all through these annals, figuring in " Church and State," in civic matters, and in mercantile pursuits, while many of their descend- ants are to-day prominent in the affairs of the vil- lage. George Eea was postmaster over seventy years ago. In 1808, Flemington was but a small village. From the Presbyterian church to the Baptist there were but sixteen houses, of which three were occupied as tav- erns. Water was scarce, and frequently had to be hauled, sometimes from the Branch. This led, in 1808, to the introduction of water through wooden logs. Women at that time went to the polls and voted, as they were permitted under the old constitu- tion of the State.* Neal Hart kept tavern at the present stand of the Union Hotel. His daughter Eliza married Charles Bartles. Mary, another daughter, married John H. Anderson, formerly a merchant here, but later of Lam- bertville, at which place his sons are still living. Mr. Hart died Sept. 4, 1837, aged fifty-nine. Samuel Hill built the pottery-works about 1815, operating them until his death, in 1858. He was born Aug. 13, 1793. His son William, the present post- master, was born Feb. 13, 1822. Isaac G. Farlee, born in April, 1787, was an early settler at White House, came here in his later life, built the house now occupied by Robert J. Killgore, and died there, Jan. 12, 1855, aged sixty-seven. His wife was a daughter of John Reid Reading, a sister of Daniel K., and the widow of Mr. De Pue. George Farlee, a sou of Isaac G., now resides near New York City, and Augustus Ritchie, a son-in-law, is a member of the Trenton bar. FLEMINGTON IN" 1822. 1. ResideDCe of Asher Atkinson, now occupied by his daughter, Ann GrofE. 2. Presliyteriiin Church. Since rebuilt near the bite of tlie old hotel (3). 3. ^Hotel, then l^ept by Elnathan Moore, previously by Jonathan More- head. Since removed to make way for the church. 3^2. Store-house, used by Lowrey during tlie Revolution for storing comniissai-y supplies, etc. 4. Residence of John Capner. 5. Slaughter-house, owned by Thomas Capner. C. lionnell's Hotel. Y. Alexander Wurts' residence, huilt by Hon. S. L. Southard. 8. Clerk's and surrogate's office, — brick. 9. Court-HouBC, — stone. 10. Store, S. I>. Stryker. Owned by Johu Maxwell estate. 11. Residence of Mrs. Cyntliia K. Clark. Owned by John Maxwell estate. 12. Residence of S. D. Stryker,— brick. Owned by John Maxwell estate. Now the residence of Chester Van Syckel. 13. Residence of William Maxwell. It constitutes the main part of the present residence of Clinrles Bartles, Esq. 14. An old houbc belonging to Nathaniel Saxton, and since removed. It was on the site of Dr. Parish's residence. 15. Residence of Cliarles Miller,t back of Charles Bartles', in the meadow. Previously Fleming's tavern. This is the oldest house now * Items from a diary kept by Peter Haward, father of T. C. Haward. t He died there, and his descendants have since lived in it It is now occupied by his daughter, Mrs. Kimball. FLEMINGTON VILLAGE. 329 standing in the Tillage. The old Centre Bridge road, since taken np, ran close to this tavern, and thence northeasterly to the Trenton road (now Main Street), striking it near whefe, in 1822, Moore's hotel stood. In 1822 It waB the only residence, except that of Kev. Meld, not located on the main street. 16. Residence of the Rev. J. T. E. Field, and built by him. Now owned and occupied by Vice-Chancellor Tan Fleet. V4S n 18* 19 1 32 T,\ E3» Aca(leTnT/ii^s ; John T. Sergeant was elected mod- erator and Edward M. Heath appointed clerk. G. S. Bellis, J. G. Sutphin, and Dr. I. S. Cramer were con- stituted a committee on resolutions, which it appears were presented, but never placed on record. TOWNSHIP OFPICERS. From the first election, in 1838, to the present time the officers have been as follows : TOWN CLEKKS. 1838-44, Amplius B. Chamberlin ; 1845-51, Reading Moore ; 1852-55, John M. Chamberlin; 1856-64, Andrew B. Rittenliouse; 1865-73, E. M. Heath; 1874^76, H. F. Bodine; 1877-79, Asa H. Holcombe; 1880, George W. Holcombe. COLLECTORS. 1838-40, Mahlon Smith ; 1841-43, John HufTman ; 1844r46, Jacob Bodine ; 1847-49, Philip Rockafellow; 1850, Robert Bonham ; 1851-52, Wil- liam Reading ; 1853-55, Dilts Larowe ; 1856, Charles Denson ; 1857-59, Cornelius L. Hunt ; 18G0-62, Samuel Fauss ; 1863-65, David Jackson ; 1866-67, Gershom Lambert; 1868-70, Allison Holcombe; 1871-73, John Bush; 1874-76, Daniel R. Sharpe ; 1877-79, L. C. Fielier; 1880, J. P. Dilta. TOWN COMMITTEE. 1838, John Barber, Adam Williamson, Benjamin Horn, James J. Fisher, William Sergeant; 1839, Benjamin Horn, N. B. Higgine, John S. Wilson, Adam Williamson, Asher Lambert; 1S40, Jonas Sutton, Asher Lambert, John S. Wilson, Adam Williamson, Benjamin Hoi-n ; 1841, John C.Fisher, Mahlon Smith, Asher Lambert, John S. Wilson, William Hice; 1842, Asher Lambert. Maiilou Smith, Benjamin Horn, John S. Wilson, William Hice; 1843, James Wolverton, Mahlon Smith, Asher Lambert, William Hic^e, Benjamin Horn; 1844, Benja- min Horn, William Hice, Aslier Lambert, John Barber, Mahlon Smith; 1845-47, Mahlon Smith, Benjamin Horn, Asher Lambert, William Hice, JamesSnj'der; 1848^9, Asher Lambert, "William Hice, Jacob Bodine, Mahlon Smith, James Snyder ; 1850, Tobias Shadinger, William Hice, Charles R. Swallow, James Snyder, Hiram Kobbiiis; 1851, Jacob Bodine, William S. Dalryniple, Tobias Shadinger, .rohn Hofiman, Mahlon Smith; 1852, Mahlon Smith, Jacob Bodine, Read- ing Moore, Tobias Shadinger, John Iloflnian ; 1853, Mahlon Smith, John Hoffman, John J. Sutphin, Silas Huffman, Reading Moore ; 1854, John HofTmau, Rending Moore, Andrew B. Rittenhouse, Silas Hoffman, J. J. Sutphin ; 1855, Eli Kitchen, A. B. Kittenhouse, Daniel J. Moore, Silas Hoffman, Daniel Ponlson; 1856, A. B. Rittenhouse, D. J, Moore, Daniel Punlson, Andrew Wolverton, Eli Kitchen; 1857, Malilon Smith, D. J. Moore, D. Ponlson, Andrew Wolverton, Eli Kitchen; 1858, William H. Earcroft, William Bearder, Wil- liam H. Larue, A. Wolverton, Mahlon Smith; 1859-60, W, Bear- der, John T. Risler, Eli Kit<-lien, W. H. Larue, Cliarles W. Go- down ; 1861, Eli Kitchen, John T. Risler, Jonathan M. Dilts, Charles W. Godown, J. M. Dilts; 1862, Eli Kitchen, Jonathan M. Dilts, Jona- than M. Hoppock, Francis Rittenhouse, Gershom Lambert; lS6:j- 64, Eli Kitchen, J. M. Dilts, John Bodine, Francis Rittenhouse,. Gershom Lambert; 1865, J. M. Dilts, William H. Barcroft, G. Lam- bert, Cyins Risler, William Aller; 1SG6-G8, Eli Kitchen,' W. H. Bar- croft, William Aller. Andrew Wolverton, Cyrus Risler; 1869. Eli Kitchen, W. H. Barcroft, William Aller, William R. Bearder, Thomas Lake; 1S70, Thomas Lake, Eli Kitchen, Acker Moore, William R. Bearder, W. H. Barcroft; 1871-73, John Hoffman, Thomas Lake, Acker Moore, W. R. Bearder, Eli Kitchen ; 1874, Anderson Bray, Thomas Lake, J. HofFnian, A. Moore, W, B. Bearder; lb75, J. Hoff- man, A. Moore, Anderson Bray, Azariah Stout, Jeremiah F. Horn; 1876, Charles Fisher, J. F. Horn, A. Bray, A. Moore, J. Hoffman; 1877, J. Hoflman, A. Moore, C. T. Fisher, E. Kitchen, A. Bearder; 1878, C. T. Fisher, E. Kitchen, A. Bearder, D. B. Ege, Albert Juhn- son; 1879, Andrew R. Bearder, Daniel B. Ege, Albert R. Johnson; 1880, Daniel B. Ege, Albert Johnson, Samuel Horner. CHOSEN FREEHOLDERS. 1838-39, James Snyder, Esq., and James J. Fisher; 1S40-42, James Sny- der, Esq., and Abraham Conover; 1843, A. B. Chamberlin and James Snyder ; 1844, A. B. Chamberlin and John S. Wilson ; 1845-46, John S. Wilson and Jeremiah Smith; 1847, Acker Moore and Jacob Go- down ; 1848, Robert Dilts and Jeremiah Smith; 1849, Robert Dilts and John Dilts; 1850, Peter Rockafellow and Acker Moore ; 1851-53, Andrew B. Rittenhouse; 1854, Charles B. Everiit; 1855-57, Joseph B. Case; 1858-60, David Jackson; 1861-62, Amos Thatcher; ISii:!, Andrew B. Rittenhouse; 1864-66, Daniel Sharp; 1867, George N. Holcombe; 1868, G. W. Holcombe; 1809, George N. Holcombe ; 1870- 75, Joseph Smith; 1876-78, Jonathan M. Dilts; 1879-80, William Aller. The following county and State officials have been elected from Delaware : Sheriffs. — Amplius B. Chamberlin, 1844; James Snyder, 1850. County Clerks. — Andrew B. Kittenhouse, 18G4; served five years. It is said "no man ever held the office who sustained himself and the interests of the county more creditably." Surrogates. — Jesse C. Reed, 1849 ; died near the close of his term, Oct. 26, 1854. His son, John C. Reed, was appointed by Governor Rodman to fill the unexpired term, which was but a few weeks. Judges of Common Pleas. — John Barber, 1846 ; died DELAWARE. 375 Jan. 4, 1867, aged seventy -nine. Mahlon Smith, 1853 ; held the position ten years ; died May 27, 1868, aged seventy-three. Directors. — James Snyder, 1843 ; he had been a member of both branches of the Legislature, and was subsequently elected sheriff of the county. Amplius B. Chamberlin, 1844 ; elected sheriff the same year, which terminated his residence in Delaware township. Andrew B. Eittenhouse, 1853. Cleric of Board of Chosen Freeholders. — Edward M. Heath, 1865. Members' of Assembly. — James Snyder, 1838; Wil- liam Sergeant, 1856. State Senators. — James Wilson, 1835, 1842-43 ; born in the north of Ireland; came to this country in 1806; died Nov. 14, 1865, aged eighty-six. James Snyder, I 1889. Joseph G. Bowne, 1868 ; he accepted the nomi- nation very reluctantly, not being an office-seeker, in the common acceptation of the term, and made an honorable and reliable officer. Assistant United States Marshals. — John Barber, 1850. William W. Moore, 1870 ; he was unable to perform the duties of the office, which was done by John C. Sine. Mr. Moore died Sept. 13, 1870. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. Stocktok, located in School District No. 98, is a village on the Pennsylvania Railroad, four miles up the Delaware from Lambertville. It was first known as "Beading's Ferry," subsequently as "Howell's Ferry," after Howell purchased the property from Beading. Upon the advent of the railroad at this place, the name was again changed, and became " Centre Bridge Station," which corresponded to the name of the post-office and hamlet on the Pennsyl- vania side of the river, at the opposite end of the turnpike bridge. This place soon became the centre of trade and shipments for the products of the township, so that in 1851 a post-office became a necessity, and was estab- lished with the name of " Stockton." Jeremiah Smith was appointed the first postmaster. The office was kept at first in the tavern, and subsequently trans- ferred to the store now kept by G. W. Mason. The pioneer store was kept by Daniel E. Sharp and Gershom Lambert, in 1842, in the old stone house across the creek, west of the Baptist church. It was built in 1842 by Col. John Sharp. The first house was that of Joseph Howell. It stood on the present site of 0. S. Conkling's steam saw-mill. The ferry was at this time owned by Joseph Howell, and ran from what is now the foot of Ferry Street, in Stock- ton, to a point nearly opposite, on the Pennsylvania shore. The pioneer blacksmith was John Loomis, who in 1832 started an axe-factory in the old stone building above the Sharp & Lambert store-house. Mr. Loomis ran his machinery by water conveyed from the stream in wooden troughs. The pioneer tavern stood on or near the site of the present Baptist church, and, in 1832, Asher Johnson built a part of the present "Stockton House;" it was enlarged in 1850 by Charles Bartels and Aaron Van Sickel. This firm also built the store now occupied by G. W. Mason, on the corner opposite the hotel. The pioneer shoemaker was Daniel Dilts. He lived a short distance above Conkling's mill, where John White now lives. Smith Phillips was an early blacksmith. His shop was where that of Samuel Hoffman now stands. The first physician to locate here was Dr. 0. H. Sproul, in 1866, now practicing in the village. Previous to 1830 all of the present village west of Bridge Street was covered by an old orchard. The fir.st brick house was built by William Bodine, on Main Street. The stone-quarry in rear of the Stockton House was opened in 1874 by Peter Best, who sold the stone to the Lehigh Valley Eailroad Company. There are at present in the village three churches, one hardware-store, by S. B. Hill ; one dry-goods and grocery store, by G. W. Mason ; two grocery-stores, kept by G. J. Fisher and R. E. Boss. There are also a blacksmith-, a harness-, a shoe-, and a barber-shop ; lumber business, conducted by Messrs. Salter & Huff- man ; hotel, by J. S. Hockenbury ; one school-build- ing, with two schools ; one steam saw-mill, spoke- works, and paper-mill ; railroad depot, with Reading M. Dilts as express-messenger, Theodore Barber tele- graph-operator, and Daniel M. Dilts baggage-master and freight-ageijt. There are also saloons, meat- markets, and milliner-shops, as usually found in towns of this size. The population in 1880 was 577. The present post- master is Gabriel Wolverton. William Dilts is the oldest man in the village of Stockton; his age is eighty-four. Headquaeters is located in the northwest part of School District No. 94, and is by road four and a half miles northeast from Stockton. The place was so named from the fact that Washington made the old stone house, still standing on the corner of the road, his headquarters for a few days during the Revolu- tion. It is a two-story structure, built in 1758. Here George Holcombe kept a store for many years, and several pleasing anecdotes are related of the haps and mishaps at the old Headquarters. A store, steam saw- and grist-mill, shoe-shop, blacksmith- and wagon- shop of Manuel Green, and about a dozen dwellings- are located here. The principal part of the property, including old Headquarters, is now owned by John, A. Carroll. Ceoton is a small hamlet in the extreme north corner of the township, in School District No. 92. The first store was opened in 1840, by David Bocka- fellow; it is now kept by Smith Fields, and is the- only store here. A post-office was established in 1845, with JohQ S. Hockenbury as postmaster. Smith Fields- 376 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. is the present incumbent, and keeps the office in his store. In 1847 a tavern was opened by 'Asher Trim- mer, and is now kept by Hart Johnson. The first blacksmith was Dennis Carter, who was succeeded by Eldridge Green, the present knight of the anvil. Hol- combe Warford and John W. Hockenbury are the present wagon- and carriage-makers, while Bateman & Hockenbury operate a saw-mill. There is also a Baptist church, together with a few dwellings. Previous to 1845 this place was known as " Aller- town," from the number of Aller families living near here, but when the post-office was established the name was changed. Peallsville is located in School District No. 98, half a mile from Stockton, and was settled as early as 1793, when John Prall, Jr., built the house in which Maurice Wolverton now lives. Mr. Prall also built an oil- and grist-mill on the Wickhecheoke Creek, which here empties into the Delaware. He was also the pioneer merchant, and built what is known as the old Prall House, the mills, and the store, all of stone. He also opened the quarries here, and at one time conducted a very extensive business. William L. Hoppock was postmaster from 1832, the date of the establishment of the office, to 1851, when that at Stockton was opened and the one at Prallsville dis- continued. For several years William Prall and Jacob Lambert, son and son-in-law of John Prall, kept the store, while John conducted the rest of the business. The grist-mill has been enlarged to a first-class custom and flouring-mill, S. Stover proprietor. The rest of the original Prall property is owned, by the heirs of the William Hoppock estate. The first physician was John Bowne, 1791-95, when he removed to Oakdale. LoCKTOWN is located on the northwest border of the township, in School District No. 91. The first church was built in 1745. The first storekeeper was Mr. Roberson ; his store stood on the site of the one now kept by John M. Chamberlin. The first tavern- keeper was Benjamin Hyde; the old house is now occupied by William Nixon. The first postmaster was John Bellis, appointed in November, 1856. There are at present a store by J. M. Chamberlin (who is also postmaster) and a blacksmith-shop by Samuel A. Carroll, two churches, — Baptist and Chris- tian, — and a school-house. Population of the village in 1880, 29. EosEMONT Village is located in the northeast part of School District No. 97, three miles from Stockton. The place was first settled by William Rittenhouse, who built the stone house now owned by George Hoppock, bearing the date 1754. Mr. Rit- tenhou.se had owned the farm since 1719. He opened a tavern, and upon the sign was painted the emblem of a treasurer, "crosskeys," and the place was long known as the " Crosskeys Tavern." The name was subsequently changed to "Rittenhouse," by which the village was known for some time, and finally to "Rosemont," by which appellation the village has since been known. There has never been a post-oflice here, and at present there is no tavern. The first merchant was Henry Winters ; he was succeeded by Samuel Hartpence, who continues the mercantile business. The pioneer blacksmith was James Opdyke ; his shop stood on the site now occu- pied by the residence of Samuel Hartpence. The first wagon-maker was Samuel Green, in the house where James Hammer now lives. Mahlon William- son was the first, and is the present, shoemaker, he having lived here for fifty years. Dr. John Barcroft, who boarded at the Rosemont Tavern for about six months in 1841^2, was the first physician. The first death of a resident was that of Mrs. William Rittenhouse. There are at present a store kept by Samuel Hart- pence; a blacksmith-shop by W. A. Shepherd; a carriage- and sleigh-factory by R. C. Phillips; a harness-shop by H. A. Chapin ; an undertaker, Sam- uel Hartpence; a shoemaker, Mahlon Williamson; two churches, Methodist Episcopal and Presbyterian; one physician, G. N. Best. Population of the village in 1880, 50. Seegeantsville is a pleasant village located in School District No. 95, close to the centre of the township and three miles northeast from Stockton. It has a population of 139. Where the first settler located is a matter of uncertainty. From the best traditionary evidence it is believed that the Sergeants were among the first, as the three brothers, Joseph, John, and Charles, previous to 1825, kept a small grocery on the corner where G. H. Fisher's harness- shop now stands. Before 1827 the locality was known as " Skunktown," from the fact of its being frequented at certain seasons of the year by skunks. In 1827 it was found desirable that a post-office should be established, and Henry H. Fisher, Esq., procured the appointment of Jonas Thatcher; the office was named " Sergeantsville," in honor of the numerous family of Sergeants who lived in the vicin- ity at that time. The principal early merchants were Jonas Thatcher and Sergeant Lake. Their store was in the old Fisher store-house, opposite the tavern. The stone store- building on the southwest corner of the roads was built in 1830 by H. H. Fisher. The first tavern was kept by Nathaniel Gordon, father of John, . pre- vious to 1825. John Sergeant had a blacksmith-shop here prior to 1825. Dr. Richard Mershon was the first physician, in 1840. Sergeantsville has been the business centre of the township ever since the organ- ization of Delaware. There are at present one store by J. F. Shepherd, a tavern by Jacob Wilson, a blacksmith-shop by Jacob L. Green, carriage-and-sleigh manufactory by Henry Quick, a shoe-store and manufactory by A. B. Williamson, a harness-shop by G. H. Fisher, a tin- shop by AVashington Timbrook, a nursery by I. S. Cramer (also the physician), a grange and Methodist DELAWARE. m Episcopal church. Mrs. Harriet Jackson is post- mistress. Sand Brook is a small settlement in the northeast part of the township, in School District No. 93, five and a half miles from Stockton, one mile from Head- quarters, and two and a half miles from Sergeants- ville. It contains a German Baptist Church, of which Rev. John P. Moore is present pastor; a school, of which Joseph S. Fauss is the teacher ; a grist-mill, run by water-power, Hiram Moore proprietor ; a store, kept by Charles W. Moore ; a blacksmith-shop and a wagon-shop, operated by G-eorge F. Green and Joseph H. Crum respectively. John A. Moore is present pos1> master. Oakdale is a small collection of houses at Bar- ber's Station, on the Lambertville and Flemington Railroad. It is located in School District No. 105, in the south part of the township. Bkookville, half a mile from Stockton, on the river road to Lambertville, is a hamlet of about a dozen houses, grocery, and the foundry and machine- shops of Hiram Deats, at the mouth of Horn Creek. This is also in School District No. 98. The property was owned by one Cavanagh ; it was bought at sheriff's sale by Daniel Butterfoss, and by him sold to Hiram Deats, who in 1851 built tlie foundry and saw-mill. The Mansion House was erected in 1852, and several other buildings during that and the next two or three years. John V. Higgins was associated with Mr. Deats ; he died in 1852. During the next few years a large number of stoves were made here, but for the last fifteen years but little has been done aside from the manufacture of agricultural imple- ments. Raven Bock Post-Office is in the southwest corner of the township, at Bull's Island station, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, in School District 97. At present it embraces a railroad station, a store, and a dozen dwellings. Previous to 1859, M. H. Hoffman was postmaster ; he resigned in that year, and Wes- ley Johnson was appointed. SCHOOLS. There are in this township eleven school districts and twelve teachers. Number 92 is the " Croton" District, with the school- house in the northern part. It has had two school- houses. The fir.st, erected in 1829, stood about one- fourth of a mile from the village, and at no great dis- tance from the present building, on the opposite side of the same road. It was a frame structure, 18 by 20 feet, and was in use forty-one years, when it was re- placed by the present house, built in 1871, in the centre of an acre lot donated for the purpose by Mrs. Ellicott, of Croton. Among the earliest trustees the name of Asa Jones is found. District No. 93 is known as "Sand Brook." The first school-house was probably erected about 1790. In 1831 a new one was constructed on its site, 25 of stone, 20 by 23 feet. This was repaired in 1871. It is impossible to uame the trustees farther back than 1820, in which year the board consisted of Henry Trimmer, Amos Sutton, Jacob Moore, George Bu- chanan, and Isaac Huffman. District No. 98, known as the " Stockton" District, embraces the village of Stockton and the hamlets of Brookville and Prallsville, with the school-house at Stockton. This is the only district in the township which supports two schools and employs two teachers. The schools are open ten months in the year. The first, or one of the first, to teach in this district was John Schomp. This district does not appear to have had a school prior to 1832. The first house stood near where the present edifice is located, and was built that year. It was an old-fashioned, oc- tagonal building, about 20 feet in diameter. The first teacher was Rev. Joseph Wright, still (or re- cently) living in Wertsville, this county. For a short time prior to 1875 this district was divided into Upper and Lower Stockton Districts, or Nos. 98 and 99, but about the latter date they were consolidated, and No. 99 was dropped, the district since being known as " Stockton, No. 98." The immediate result of the union was the construction, in 1875, of a commodious and tasteful building, 50 by 27 feet, with a wing 27 by 25, affording two large rooms. The first teachers- in this building were Lewis C. Paxson and S. Hunt. The Locktown District (91) was formed and the school-house built in 1804. The first trustees were William Lair, Capt. John Heath, and Richard Heath, who served for over twenty years. The first teacher was William Heath, who taught for seven years, and was followed by Adam Williamson for about the same length of time. The third teacher was Rev. John Ellis, who was at the same time pastor of the Baptist Church at Baptisttown. He was succeeded by Royal Barrett, of Massachusetts. The first house was a frame structure, 20 by 24 feet, and stood north of the Old School Baptist church. The present edifice, built in 1866, is of stone, 25 by 36 feet. The district lies in the northwest corner of the township. The old school-house in District 94 (Moore's) stood originally about one mile from its present location, on the public road leading from Headquarters to Ringos. It was moved twice. It stood first on ground now owned by William P. Fisher ; it was afterwards re- moved to lands of David Moore, later to those of Gideon Moore, and subsequently sold. Among the teachers in this house was Mrs. Bhoda Wagner, widow of Albertus K. Wagner, and also Cyrus Van Dolah. The present house was built in 1866. Its size is 26 by 34 feet. This district is in the southeast part of the township. District No. 105 is a joint district, running into this township from West Amwell ; it lies between Districts Nos. 94 and 96, and reaches to Barber's Station. District No. 85 lies on the east side of the township, and is known as the " Higgins District." This dis- 378 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. trict had a school-hoijse prior to 1776. The clerk of the district says, — " The old building I can trace back over one hundred years. It waa ultimately sold for $46, and is still standing, about 300 yards south of the new building, ou the east side of the road, where it hjis now (1876) stood for forty-five years. Previous to this time it stood about one mile north of its present location. In 1831 the trustees, then all living in the south part of the district, put the house on wheels, and, with several yoke of oxen, removed it to the spot where it now stands. This resulted in a lawsuit : the north part of the district sued the southern for damages, and recovered half the value of the building, or $40. The most ancient board of trustees was Paul Kuhl, Jacob Dilts, George Trout, William Bishop, Nicholas Swallow, and Asa Higgins. The above-named Paul Kuhl was one of the first teachers. "The school-house often stood empty in those early days for a long time, as schools were made up by subscription ; at such times the chil- dren attended the adjoining districts. After the old house was removed, the people in the north part of the district sent their children to the Sand Brook school."* The present building was erected in 1873, and is a large, tasteful ediiice. District No. 97, known as the "Beading" District, lies in the west corner of the township. The first school-house, built in 1796, stood about 25 feet east ■of the present building. It was 20 feet square, and constructed of stone. The lease dates back ninety- four years. John Kitchen taught here sixty-seven years ago. The names of the earliest trustees that can be ascertained are Samuel Wolverton, John Beading, and John Huffman. The following persons (all living in 1876) attended school in this building: George Huffman, seventy-six years ago ; George Ser- geant and John Huffman, sixty-seven years ago ; Jehu Huffman, sixty-six years ago ; Elias S. Johnson, fifty- four years ago. The clerk says, "There have been only two school-houses, as far as we can prove, al- though there are traditions of an old log school-house belonging to this vicinity, which is reported to have stood three-quarters of a mile from the present site." The building now in use was erected in 1861. It is of stone, 27 by 33 feet, in good condition, and will accommodate sixty pupils. District No. 89 is a joint district, the school-house standing on the Raritan side of the road, near the old " Boar's Head" tavern. District No. 96 is " Van Dolahs." The school-house is near the centre of the district, and is octagonal in shape. This district has had three school-houses. The first, of logs, was erected in 1780, and was 20 feet square. Early trustees were William Sharp, Caleb Eunk, and Charles Barber. Charles Rice was the first teacher. Of the second building we have no ac- count. The one now in use was built in 1822, of stone. District No. 95, known as the "Sergeant" District, is located in the west half of the township, and bounded east by Districts Nos. 93 and 94 ; south by Districts Nos. 96 and 98 ; west by District No. 97 • northwest by a Kingwood district; north by District No. 91. It is not known when or where the first house was built. The present building was greeted in 1830, and was enlarged in 1874. * Eeport of County School Superintendent, 1876. CHURCHES. BAPTIST CHURCH OF LOOKTOWN. The Baptist Church of Kingwood, now worshiping at Locktown, was organized .luly 27, 1745, at Baptist- town. The original or constituent members were Elder Thomas Curtis (also the first pastor), John Walter (church clerk), William Fowler, John Burt, David Drake, James Wolverton, Euckman, Job Warford, Thomas Hill, Eleanor Hunt, Edward Slater, Elsie Curtis, Martha Burtis, Agnes Drake, Abigail Wolverton, Elizabeth Warford, Elizabeth Collins, Ann Larue, Elizabeth Barris, Mary Still, and Mary Green. The first meeting-house was built in 1750, of logs, 30 by 88 feet, on a lot donated to the church by George Burket. The second was a frame building, and the present structure, of stone, was built in 1819. The first two stood on or near the site of the present edifice. Thomas Curtis remained pastor from its organiza- tion till his death, in 1749. He was succeeded in 1749 by Malachi Bonham, who remained until Feb. 17, 1757. The next minister was David Sutton, from March 26, 1764, to Aug. 3, 1783, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Nicholas Cox, who ministered from Nov. 4, 1784, to June 5, 1790. He was followed by Garner A. Hunt, Oct. 5, 1795, who continued until May 1, 1807, when he left the Baptists and joined the Presbyterians. The next pastor was James McLaugh- lin, Nov. 1, 1808, for about one year. In the spring of 1813 the church called John Ellis, who continued till the spring of 1817. He was succeeded, in the spring of 1818, by Elder David Bateman, who oflSci- ated until his death, Aug. 10, 1832. April 1, 1833, William Curtis was chosen, but he resigned at the end of six months. Aug. 30, 1834, James W. Wigg came, and continued till Feb. 2, 1839. April 1, 1840, Elder J. Felty took charge, but resigned at the end of one year. In January, 1841, Elder William Hause became pastor, and continued till April 1, 1845. Elder G. Conklin was his successor. May 16, 1846, and remained until his death, April 16, 1868. May 28, 1870, the church called Elder A. B. Francis to the pastorate, which he retained until November, 1876. Present membership, 71 ; present value of property, $5000. BAPTIST CHUBCH OF SANDT EIDGB. Feb. 1, 1812, Eev. Charles Bartolette accepted a call from the Baptist Church of Amwell, now Flemington, and devoted a part of his time to Sandy Eidge, con- tinuing to do so under adverse circumstances, riding from seven to nine miles and preaching from house to house, in the summer season on Sabbath afternoons, and in winter on week-days. The first house of worship was built near~the site of the present edifice, and was opened for'divine wor- ship in January, 1818. Oct. 24, 1818, a church was con- stituted with nineteen members from other churches, fourteen of whom were members from the Amwell Church, as follows : Samuel Hunt, Mary Larowe, Mat- DELAWARE. 379 thew Covenhoven, Esther Butterfoss, Rebecca Ent, Catharine Dilts, Phebe Johnson, Anna Reeder, Mary Hunt, Isaac Wolverton, John Hunt, Esther Hunt, Nehemiah Hunt, Elizabeth Hunt, William Mitchell, Mary Ringo, John Smith, Sr., Rebecca Larowe, and Hannah Rittenhouse. The ministers present were Revs. Thomas B. Montague, David Bateman, Alex- ander Hastings, and Charles Bartolette. The first deacons were Samuel Hunt and William Mitchell, who were chosen the same day. Dec. 5, 1818, Samuel Hunt, William Mitchell, Samuel Rit- tenhouse, John Smith, Joseph Brittain, John Coven- hoven, and John Hunt were elected trustees ; and the first clerk. Garret Wilson, was chosen Feb. 20, 1819. Two persons were baptized Oct. 25, 1818, Samuel Hunt and Joseph Brittain, being the first into this membership. March 24, 1818, the church extended a call to Mr. Bartolette to become their supply, he to give half his time here and the other half to Flemington. He served thus till the spring of 1832, during which period he baptized seventy-one. Mr. Bartolette's duties at the Flemington Church requiring all his time, this church extended a call to Rev. Joseph Wright, who then settled as pastor. Mr. Wright closed his labors here in the autumn of 1842, after a ministry of ten years. During the winter of 1842-43, Rev. E. B. Hall supplied the church ; the following spring Rev. George Young was called, and remained till April, 1847. May 21, 1847, Rev. J. E. Rue was installed, and continued till Jan. 1, 1850. During this time were purchased six acres of land adjoining the church property, on which the present parsonage house was built. Mr. Rue took a deep interest in the cause of education, and Sandy Ridge was represented in the university at Lewisburg, Pa., until 1870. Early in 1850, Rev. J. James Baker settled, and continued till April, 1854. During his ministry the church maintained four Sabbath-schools and kept up regular preaching at four outposts, — Stockton, Sergeant's Mills, Sand Brook, and Hopewell. Rev. J. Timber- man was called as supply in April, 1854, and served as pastor till April, 1857. After him the church was supplied by Rev. Joseph Wright for nearly a year, until the spring of 1858, when Rev. Samuel Sproul was called ; he continued his labors till the close of the year 1867. During his ministry the church built two fine substantial houses of worship,— one at Stock- ton, in 1861, and the other, in 1866, at Sandy Ridge, on grounds adjoining the original edifice. For nearly a year Rev. Morgan R. Cox officiated (until Oct. 1, 1867), when Rev. George Young, formerly a pastor, settled, and remained until Jan. 1, 1872. Nov. 27, 1867, the new house was dedicated. The cost of rebuilding was $5500. It is 44 by 60 feet, of stone, having a fine basement and audience-room. It is a neat and attractive place of worship. Five per- sons have been licensed by this church to preach,— viz., Charles E. Wilson, William E. Lock, William V. Wilson, A. Ammerman, and Edward C. Romine. The church from its infancy has always contributed to the different benevolent objects of the denomina- tion, and was one of the few represented in forming the New Jersey Baptist State Association. The following have been chosen deacons : Samuel Hunt, William Mitchell, Garret Wilson, Jonas Lake, Tobias Shadinger, Dilts Larue, Achor Moore, C. Hig- gins, James Romine, Benjamin Larison. The present value of property is $7000, and the present member- ship is 180. The Sunday-school numbers 70, with an average attendance of 6.0. James M. Cox is super- intendent. CHKISTIAN CHUECH, lOCKTOWN. In giving a history of this church it is thought proper to make brief mention of the pioneer efforts. The following is from a record kept by one of its members : " About the middle of January, 1827, Mrs. Abigail Eoberta, accom- panied by her husband, Mr. Nathan Eoberts, visited the county of Hun- terdon and attended a number of meetings in different neighborhoods, which produced great excitement among the people who came out to hear her preach. . . . The third Sunday in June, 1829, there was ap- pointed a two-days' meeting in the woods near Locktown, attended by Simon Clough, of New York, William Lane, of Ohio, John F. Thompson, of Johnsonsburg, N. J., and Mrs. Roberts. On Saturda.v the meeting was held in a public- house occupied by Benjamin Hide (Hyde). On Sunday the meeting was held in the woods, a large assembly of people being present. William Lane preached on the ' Sonship of Christ,' and the sermon caused great excitement among the people." From further records, we conclude the organization of the church took place between Oct. 16, 1829, and Feb. 13, 1832. The following is the record : "On Sunday, Oct. 16, 1829, the First Christian Church, acknowledged at Milford, Hunterdon Co., N. J., with a part of her members livinj; in the townships of Amwell and Kingwood,a distance of from eight to four- teen miles, were met, and took into consideration the propriety of build- ing a house for public worship. A plot of ground was selected, and the owner, Jcfeeph Lair, agreed to deed three-quarters of an acre in the southwest corner of his farm for that pui-pose. The aforesaid membeiB making their intention known to the body of the church, it was agreed on, and a meeting appointed at the house of Samuel Cooley, in Milford, for the purpose of appointing trustees; which meeting took place April 21,1832. " Francis Roberson was appointed chairman, and Samuel Cooley secre- tary, when Francis Eobersou was appointed trustee for one year, Philip Gordon for two, and Elisha liittenhouse for three years. Trustees were appointed to raise funds and superintend the building. The building was commenced the last of May, raised about the middle of June, and so far completed that meetings were held in it on Saturday and Sunday, 13th and 14th of October, 1832. The dedicatory sermon was preached by William Lane, from Romans xvi. 17." At a meeting held April 21, 1832, a series of reso- lutions defining the doctrines of the Christian Church were adopted, which are too lengthy for publication in this work. The proceedings of that meeting were signed by Francis Roberson, chairman, and Samuel Cooley, secretary. The following is a copy of the subscription list by which money was raised to build the church : " And to the end that the same may be established, we the subscribers do hereby promise and engage to pay to Francis Roberson, Philip Gor- don JSsq., and F,lisha Rittenhouse, trustees appointed as aforesaid, or either of them, or their successors in office, or either of them, the several sums Bet to our respective names, at such times and in such instalments 380 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. as the trustees aforesaid, or a majority of them, may agree upon, on de- mand. In witness whereof, we hereunto subscrihe oar names, and affix tlie several sums thereto respectively, the day of , a.d. 1832." The trustees have been as follows : 1830^0, Francis Roberson, Philip Gordon, Elisha Kittenhouse, Jona- than Harden, David Lair, William Eake, Tennis Ser- vis, Isaac Hann ; 1840-50, Elisha Kittenhouse, Nathan Stout, Mahlon Emmons, Isaac Hann, Tunis Servis ; 1850-60, Nathaniel Stout, Joseph B. Slack, Eli Brit- ton, Abraham Slack, Thomas Hibbs; 1860-70, Fran- cis Rittenhouse, S. D. Horner, David Bodine, John Bodine, George Hoppock, Wesley Hawk, John Eick, Samuel Bodine; 1870-80, Peter Hoppock, Asa Cor- son, David Bodine, Wesley Hawk, Edward Hellier, William J. Walker, Richard S. Conover, John T. Eick, Sylvester Lake. The present chapel was built in 1864, on the site of the old one, and the balance of the building debt can- celed in 1871. During this time the sheds attached to the chapel were built, at a cost of $225. Between April 1, 1876, and July 1, 1877, the society built the present parsonage, located on the opposite corner of the street from the church, at a cost of $1100. The following-named persons have served as pastor : William Lane, from the date of organization till May, 1838; James Macdoran, William Lane, Wil- liam Lauer, Philip Hawk, Henry Black, 1858 ; Elder James Lauer, 1859. Oct. 21, 1859, Elder William H. Pittman was chosen, and served ten years. In the spring of 1870, Elder John Soule took charge and remained four years. In the spring of 1874, Elder B. F. Summerbell became pastor for one year, and was succeeded by J. M. Woodward, in April, 1875. April 1, 1876, Elder George Tenney became pastor, and remained till July 1, 1877 ; he was followed by Elder John N. Spoor, until Dec. 9, 1877, when he was succeeded by the present pastor. Elder Jacob Rodenbaugh. The present membership is 204; present value of property, $4000. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SERGEANTSVILLB. In 1830 a " woods meeting" was held near Ser- geantsville, when quite a religious interest was awakened; a class of Methodists was formed, with Amos Hoagland as leader, and Jonathan Rake, Amos Merseilles, Philip Rockafellow, and a few females as members. Meetings were continued at the residence of Mr. Hoagland, who then lived in the house now occupied by H. H. Fisher, Esq., of Sergeantsville, and it was in this house that the first class at this place was formed. In 1832 the society built a church, of stone, on the site of the present edifice, the lot and $100 in cash being donated by H. H. Fisher, Esq. Amos Hoag- land, Jonathan Rake, Amos Merseilles, and Philip Rockafellow were the pioneer trustees, and Rev. James M. Tuttle the first preacher. There is no record of any formal laying of the corner-stone or of the dedication. In 1867 the society enlarged the old church at a cost of $4300. The rear end and side walls remain as they were originally, the walls being raised and an addition built on in front, making the seating capacity 550. The church, as rebuilt, was dedicated in the summer of 1868, by Rev. David Bartine. The following are some of the ministers who have served this society and congregation : Revs. McDou- gal, Canfield, E. Page, Caleb C. Lippincott, Josiah Campfield, Street, W. M. Burroughs, J. L. Hays, Richard Thomas, in 1867-68, Albert Van Dusen, George T. Jackson, Frederick Bloom, and John H. Timbrell, the present pastor, who also preaches at Stockton, this being a part of the Stockton and Ser- geantsville charge. The stewards are Wilson H. Snyder (president of the board), John H. Green, Robert Post, John B. Fuher, Manuel Green, and Joseph Hagaman ; the leaders, Robert Post, John B. Fuher, and Elisha Alward ; the trustees, W. H. Snyder, John H. Green, Robert Post, John B. Fuher, George R. Hann, Ed- ward C. Green, Elisha Alward, Manuel H. Green, and Joseph Hagaman. Present membership, 85 ; present value of prop- erty, $6000. A flourishing Sabbath-school is con- nected with the society, of which John H. Green is superintendent. GERMAN BAPTIST CHURCH. This branch of the Christian Church seems to have had its origin among the Pietists in Germany, in 1708, a miller by the name of Alexander Mack being their spiritual leader. The word Dunher, by which they are sometimes known, is a corruption of the Ger- man TunJcer, the signification being "dippers," or " Baptists by plunging." In the fall of 1719, Peter Becker, with a company of Dunkers, came to Penn- sylvania and settled in Germantown, but soon tlieir principal settlement was in Ephrata, in Lancaster County. It is supposed that a society was organized in what is now Delaware township, and a church built about a mile northeast of Headquarters, where tlieir church now stands, as early as 1750. The only records of this church now in existence are in the hands of Cyrus Van Dolah, the church clerk, from which we make the following extracts : "At a meeting of the German Baptist Church which is in Amwell township, N. J.,held on the 11th of August, 1835, at their meeting-li..use, for the purpose of transacting business relative to the peace and K"od order of said church, it was resolved that there be a record made and kept of all important business transacted relative to said church alTairs. " Israel Poulson, " Elder. "Gideon Moore, " Jacob Waggoner, " Abraham Lawsh e, " Clerk. "Resolved, That Gideon Moore, Henry Lawshe, and Asa Moore be the trustees." "April 13, 1839.— Agreed to take a lot of Gideon Moore for a bur.ving- place.'* * This lot adjoins the church lot. DELAWARE. 381 The land upon which the meeting-house stands was deeded to the church by Israel Poulson and his wife, Hannah, and the deed specifies that it is " for the use of a German Baptist Church, and for no other use whatsoever," and is signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of Peter Fisher and Hetty Poulson, May 27, 1811. The deed was given to Gideon Moore, Samuel Faus, and Henry Lawshe, trustees, etc. The church building was originally of wood, but was rebuilt in 1856 at a cost of $1600. The present pastor is Rev. Israel Poulson. The church property is valued at $3500. GERMAN BAPTIST CHUECH OF SAND BBOOK. This church, locally known as the " Moorites," is a branch from the German Baptist Church located in School District No. 94, on the road from Headquarters to vSand Brook, and was organized by adopting the following articles of association, under which the church is still working : " We the undersigned, after careful and serious consideration, do nnunimously agree to stand in union together aa professed Christian bretliren and sisters, inasmuch as we thinly it is an all-important matter and privilege that we have the indisputable right to worship God accord- ing to the dictates of our own conscieuces, consistent with His word as we understand it, for which privilege we confess that we have great C4iuse to be vei"y thankful; therefore we have concluded that by the as- sisting grace of God we design to try to keep the ordinauces of the Lord's house according to the doctrines and principles of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and His holy apostles, as they are delivered unto us in tlie Gospel, which our Saviour says shall judge us in the coming day. There- fore we feel that we are under obligation, as much as in us lies, to try and live in union together in the church militant (because we feel tliat it has in time past done much hurt and made sore by being of different minds) ; and therefore we would that there should be no pre-eminence one above another, considered that in regard to the business that we de- sign to transact of importance we want to be united in, and agreed to have officers in said church, and also did legally appoint as elder John P. Moore, and as deacons WiUiam H. Moore and Jacob Bouss ; and further agreed that our plan of receiving members in said church is that all the members present must be agreed, and, to excommunicate, all must be consulted before and agreed to; which subscribe our names, this tenth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-nine. (Signed) " John P. Moobb, Elizabeth Trimmer, "William H. Moore, Mary Dalrtmple, " Daniel J. Moore, Catharine Dalrtmple, "William S.Moore, Asa Moore, "Sarah Brewer, Silab Shearman, " Catharine A. Moore, Martha Moore, "Hester Corson, Luct Ann Sine, " Keziah Coudrick, Catharine Shearman, "Martha Coudrick, Anna Moore." The church edifice, centrally located in the village of Sand Brook, was built of stone. Elder John P. Moore has the pastoral care of the church at present (1880). METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH, EOSEMONT. The first Methodist Society at Rosemont was or- ganized in 1859 at the house of Samuel Hartpence hy Rev. William M. Burroughs, with ,the following members : Asher Reading, Samuel W. Reading, Asa Cronce, Lewis Snyder, Wilson H. Snyder, Joseph Reading, Sr., Samuel Hartpence, and Charles Green. The church was built in 1860, of wood, and dedicated November 8th of the same year by Bishop Edmund S. Janes. The present membership is 42 ; value of property, $2800. The pastors who have served are W. M. Burroughs, John L. Hays (two years), John E. Switzer (two years), Richard Thomas (two years), Henry Trum- bower (two years), Albert Van Dusen (two years), George T. Jackson (two years), P. G. Ruckman (one year), Richard Thomas (three years), J. M. Michael (two years), and A. S. Compton, the present pastor. The first superintendent of the Sunday-school was Wilson H. Snyder. The total number of scholars is 75, with an average attendance of 30. Asa Cronce is the present superintendent. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHDECH OF STOCKTON. The first property owned by the board of trustees for the Methodist Episcopal Church of Stockton was a lot on Broad Street, purchased of Aaron Van Sickle, on which the society built a chapel, which was used for some years for a place of worship, and subse- quently converted into a parsonage. The first board of trustees was organized in 1865, under the administra- tion of Rev. H. Trumbower, pastor, and was as follows : Charles Romine, John Hendricks, Pliilip Rockafellow, Thomas C. Wanamaker, Charles R. Hunter, Garret S. Bellis, and Henry M. Trumbower. The proceed- ings of the board have been very loosely kept, conse- quently most of them have been mislaid or destroyed. The chapel referred to, with the lot upon which it was built, cost $1000. The trustees purchased of Wil- liam Bodine, for $550, a lot on Main Street, upon which was erected the present church edifice, at a cost of $3500. The building is of wood, and has a neat and attractive audience-room, with a seating capacity of 300. There was no formal laying of the corner- stone of either chapel or church. The former was dedicated in 1866 by Rev. J. B. Graw, then of Lam- bertville, and the latter in 1876 by Rev. Robert L. Dashiel, since deceased. The first class-leader and original members of this society were as follows : Pierson Williamson (leader), P. Williamson and wife, Charles Romine and wife, Philip Rockafellow and wife, Hannah Ann Wana- maker, John Hendricks, Mrs. Hunter, George Day and wife, Daniel Dilts and wife, Silas Huffman and wife, and Charles Green and wife. The pastors of the church since its organization have been Revs. H. Trumbower, Richard Thomas, A. Van Dusen, Phineas G. Ruckman, George Jackson, Frederick Bloom, and John H. Timbrell, the present pastor. Present membership, 45 ; value of property, $5000. The present officiary of the church is as follows : Stewards, Silas Huffman, William McNeal, Albert Rockafellow ; Trustees, William McNeal, Silas Huff- man, Daniel Dilts, Albert Rockafellow, Pierson Wil- liamson, John R. Bowlsby, Charles Titus; Leaders, William McNeal, A. H. Rockafellow. 382 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. The Sunday-school was formerly part of a union school whose sessions were held in the Baptist church, and was organized June 28, 1868, with Rev. Richard Thomas as superintendent and George Day as assist- ant, with 25 scholars. It is at present flourishing, with William McNeal as superintendent, Albert Rockafellow assistant, Jesse W. Weller librarian. BEREAN BAPTIST CHDRCH Or STOCKTON. The records of this church furnish us the following in relation to its history : " Stockton, N. J., March 9, 1859. " A number of brethren, members of the Sandy Ridge Baptist Church, feeling the need of a suitable house of worship in the village of Stockton, N. J., assembled themselves together and appointed Garret Wilson, To- bias Shadinger, and Frederick S. Phillips for the purpose of erecting a house of worship in said village, to be built under the direction of five persons, whom we agree to elect ou the 6th of April next "at the school- liouse in Stockton, at 7J^ o'clock P.M., and to be held in trust by them as a place of worship until there shall be constituted and recognized a reg- ular Baptist Church. The following persons were elected to erect said building and hold the same in trust until such time as recognized an independent Baptist Church : George W. Sharp, Tobias Shadinger, Joseph II. Butterfoss, Asa Reed, and Fredenck S. Phillips. " Arrangements were made for building said house, and it was com- menced in the fall of 1859, and dedicated in Januaiy, 1861. After the dedication the pulpit was supplied as a branch of the mother-church at Sandy Ridge until Feb. 1, 1866, when the following brethren and sisters, receiving letters of dismission from the Baptist Church at Sandy Ridge, met in council with members of neighboring churches, and were consti- tuted and recognized as the ' Berean Baptist Church of Stockton :' Gar- ret Wilson, Tobias Shadinger, George W. Sharp, Joseph H. Butterfoss, Rev. Joseph Wright, Hester Wright, Joseph M. Van Cleve, Hester A. Van Clave, R. A. Robertson, Sarah M. Rittenhouse, Watson R, Bodine, James Salter, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Rachel M. Smith, Mary Ann Sbarp, Mary E. Sharp, Melis-sa Ann Wanamaker, Rachel Ann Dilts, Dickerson Naylor, Mrs. Naylor, Asa Reed, Sarah Reed, Esther A. Butterfoss, C. Q. Higgins, Elizabeth Higgins, Mahala Lambert, William R. Allen, Reading Hol- combe, Eliza Holcombe, Mary E. Holcombe, Ellen Runk, Anna H. Wolver- ton, Permelia W. Boss, John E. Bodine, Catharine Shadinger, Sarah Dilts, Edward Knowles, Mary Bodine, Charles W. Bodine, Hannah Shadinger, Susan S. Paxson, Elizabeth Sharp, Ann E. Sharp, Amelia Knowles, and Margarette Allen." The first deacons were Garret Wilson, Tobias Shad- inger, and C. Q. Higgins. The first trustees after the recognition of the church were George W. Sharp, Tobias Shadinger, Frederick S. Phillips, Joseph H. Butterfoss, Asa Reed, William R. Allen, and Henry B. Helyer. March 20, 1866, the church called Rev. Charles E. Gordo to the pastorate, which he filled till July, 1867. He was succeeded by the following: Rev. John S. Hutson, May 17, 1868, to Sept. 1, ]871 ; Rev. Alfred Caldwell, Nov. 2, 1871, to Feb. 14, 1875 ; Rev. Benja- min F. Robb, Sept. 5, 1875, to June 1, 1879 ; Rev. George W. Noecker, Oct. 19, 1879, and at present officiating as pastor. The present (1880) deacons are C. Q. Higgins, James Salter, and Charles W. Bodine, and the trus- tees James Salter, William Bodine, Joseph M. Van Cleve, Henry B. Helyer, Charles W. Bodine, Enoch Meginnis, and Hiram Beats, Jr. The present membership is 142; cost of prop- erty when built, $5100 ; present value, $5450. The Sunday-schools in Stockton were conducted as union schools, but of them there is no record prior to the spring of 1867, when a division took place, and the Baptist Sunday-school was formed. The first superintendent was Tobias Shadinger. Average at- tendance of scholars, 75 ; present number of scholars, 168 ; number of officers and teachers, 27. Present superintendent, Andrew J. Hunt. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF STOCKTON. In the spring of 1867 it was found that there were at least thirty Presbyterian families in Stockton and its vicinity, a goodly number of whom were desirous of organizing a Presbyterian Church and erecting a house of worship. A subscription was accordingly started, and $3500 was soon subscribed for the purpose of purchasing a lot and putting up a building. En- couraged by this success, they took measures to or- ganize a church in connection with the Old School General Assembly.- Accordingly, on April 9, 1867, a petition to that efiect was presented to the Presbytery of Raritan, in session at Frenchtown, N. J., signed by twenty-five members in good standing in neighbor- ing Presbyterian Churches, and also by fifteen other persons, mostly heads of families and holding to the Presbyterian faith, although not communicants. The request of the petitioners was granted by the Presby- tery, and an adjourned meeting of that body was held at Stockton, April 23, 1867. The following persons then presented certificates from the several churches with which they had lately been connected : From the Presbyterian Church at Roeemont : George W. Runk. Eliza H. Wilson, Rachel Alward, Jacob Morgan Vanderbelt, Elizabeth Vander- belt, John Stockton, Elizabeth Stockton, Leman K. Strouse, Sarah Cath- arine Strouse, and Jane E. Hoppock. From the Presbyterian Church at Lamhertville : Daniel D. Dilts, Mary Dilts, Hannah Hoppock, Caroline M. Wolverton, Eden B. Hunt, Louisa Hunt, Clarkson T. Hunt, Lizzie Hunt, Silas W. Volk, Lizzie S. Volk, Eliza Rounaaville, and Sarah E. Hendrick. From the Presbyterian Church of Alexandria: William V. Case and Sarah Case. From the Second Presbyterian Church of Amwell : Sarah Maria Lefler. The church was then duly organized as the " First Presbyterian Church of Stockton," with the foregoing members, twenty-five in all, and George W. Runk, Eden B. Hunt, and William V. Case were chosen ruling elders. Mr. Runk having been ordained as a ruling elder in the church at Rosemont, the other two were ordained, and all were then installed. At the request of the church, the Presbytery ap- pointed Rev. B. Carroll stated supply. This gentle- man for several years had labored in the church at Rosemont, and also preached in the school-house and elsewhere in Stockton and vicinity. On May 11, 1867, a meeting of the congregation was held at the school-house* in Stockton, at which the following persons were elected trustees : George W. Runk, Maurice Wolverton, John Stockton, Wil- liam V. Case, and Clarkson T. Hunt. A certificate of organization was then duly drawn up and signed by the trustees, which was soon after recorded in the * The old stone school-house which stood on the site of the present public school-house. DELAWARE. 383 clerk's office of the county of Hunterdon, according to law, thus constituting the trustees and their suc- cessors in office a body corporate. The building committee consisted of John Stockton, Maurice Wolverton, and Robert Sharp, with John Finney as treasurer. June 6, 1867, the trustees of the church having purchased from Eden B. Hunt a lot of ground, 150 feet front on Main Street, or the river road, the building committee proceeded to erect a church edifice thereon; and on the 1st of July following entered into an article of agreement with James Bird, of Lambertville, to erect and complete the structure for $6270, the house to be of sandstone, 40 by 60 feet, Gothic style of architecture. Aug. 27, 1867, the corner-stone was laid by Rev. B. Carroll, with appropriate ceremonies. At a congregational meeting held March 11, 1868, a call was made to Rev. Wm. Swan, who was installed June 2, at which time the church was dedicated. He continued to officiate with great acceptance and suc- cess for a little more than ten years, when, in the fall of 1878, having received a call from a Presbyterian Church at Batavia, N. Y., he obtained a dissolution of his pastoral relation to the church, and on Sunday, November 10th, preached his last sermon in this church, after which it was several months without a pastor. April 4, 1879, at a congregational meeting, Rev. John S. Foulk, of Northumberland, Pa., was called; he accepted the call, commenced preaching at Stockton May 25th, was installed July 22d following, and is officiating at the present time. The church numbers at the present time (1880) 151 members in full communion. The property, including the par- sonage, is estimated to be worth $10,000. THE CROTON BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized April 21, 1861, by twenty-two persons dismissed from the Kingwood Baptist Church, seven from Oherryville, twelve from Flemington, and thirty-seven baptized converts, mak- ing seventy-eight constituent members, under the pas- toral care of Rev. W. D. Hires, a missionary of the New Jersey Baptist State Convention. Hiram Rob- bins, Daniel B. Rittenhouse, Holcombe "Warford, and Watson B. Everitt were chosen deacons, and Edward Barrass clerk. May 1, 1861, the church was recognized, according to Baptist usage, by a council of ministers and mes- sengers from the Flemington, Cherryville, Sandy Ridge, Bethlehem, and other churches. The council was organized with Rev. Thomas Swaim moderator, and Rev. H. C. Putnam clerk. After the examination of the church's covenant and Articles of Faith, it was voted to recognize it as a regular Baptist Church. June 1, 1861, the following persons were elected trustees : Hiram Robbins, Holcombe Warford, Jacob Bearder, Smith Cronce, Watson B. Everitt, King Pyatt, and William Eick. The church was incorpo- rated June 12, 1861. Rev. William Archer succeeded Rev. W. D. Hires Nov. 12, 1864, and the following year a substantial brick house, 36 by 54 feet, with spire, was erected at a cost of 15000, and dedicated, free of debt, Dec. 8, 1865. Rev. James French preached the dedication sermon. Miss Susan B. Rittenhouse presented the church with a handsome pulpit Bible and hymn- book. April 1, 1866, Rev. W. Archer resigned, and was succeeded by Rev. Charles Cox as a supply for six months. In April, 1867, Rev. W. Humpstone be- came the pastor, and continued in that office for three years, leaving in April, 1870. The following January, Rev. B. C. Morse was chosen, and entered at once upon his labors. During his pastorate a neat and commodious parsonage was built, at a cost of about $2000. Deacon D. B. Rittenhouse gave an acre lot for the site. In -August, 1874, Rev. B. C. Morse re- signed, and in the following January Rev. G. F. Love, of Deckertown, N. J., was called ; he entered upon his work Feb. 1, 1875, and has continued until the present. It appears from the records of the church that 228 persons have been received since its organization by letters, experience, and baptism. CEMETERIES AND BURIAL-PLACES. There are quite a number of burial-places in this township, but no cemetery association organized under and by authority of the laws of the State. RosEMONT Bueial-Ground, located in Bosemont, was occupied as a place of interment as early as 1729, and probably earlier, as the first person buried there was a young man (name not now known) who came over from England, on a visit to George Fox (at the time the owner of the farm on which the graveyard is located), and died of ship-fever while at Fox's. He was buried in this ground, after which a quarter of an acre, in the northeast corner of what is now known as Rosemont burying-ground, was set apart for burial purposes. George Fox sold the farm in 1729, so that the burial must have been in, or previous to, that year. On one of the old headstones can be found the fol- lowing inscription : " C. K. 1748." The following are the names of a few of the oldest persons buried in these grounds: Sophia Stewart, died Nov. 3, 1843, aged one hundred and three ; Elizabeth H. Wolver- ton, died Jan. 2, 1785, aged seventy-two ; David Mor- gan, died Feb. 1, 1877, aged ninety -three ; David Ent, died June 30, 1847, aged ninety-one. The first death of a resident of what is now Rose- mont was that of Mrs. William Rittenhouse, which was caused by drowning in the well on the old tav- ern property, now owned by George Hoppock. Mah- lon Williamson has served as sexton for forty-six years, and has in that time officiated at the interment of over 900 persons. He is said to be the oldest resi- dent of this township. 384 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Sandy Eidge Burying-Ground, adjoining the church at that place, was occupied in 1819, and the first interment was that of the remains of Rebecca Doyle, who died April 24, 1819, aged sixty-two. Her grave was dug by Garret Van Dolah, who then owned the farm now occupied by Cyrus Van Dolah, Jr. We find on other tombstones in this gravej'ard the following (the date given being that of the death of the person) : Tunis Case, Aug. 21, 1846, aged eighty- four ;,Rev. Joseph Wright (for several years pastor of the Sandy Ridge Baptist Church), Jan. 3, 1880, aged eighty-four; Anna Smith, April 4, 1843, aged eighty- seven; Mary Hunt, July 11, 1839, aged eighty-seven; Esther Butterfoss, June 24, 1846, aged eighty -eight ; Jacob Hunt, April 10, 1843, aged eighty ; Elizabeth Hunt, April 26, 1842, aged eighty-one ; Mary Hice, Sept. 29, 1841, aged eighty-three. The Barber Burying-Ground, located on the old John Barber farm, in School District No. 96, now owned by William Barber, was one of the pioneer burying-places of what is now Delaware township. Following are some of the inscriptions marking the resting-place of a few of the pioneers : Nancy Barber, Dec. 27, 1797, aged thirty-five ; Jacob Dennis, Sept. 20, 1799, aged thirty-four; Catharine Van Dolah, March 10, 1800, aged seventy-seven ; Nancy Coven- hoven, Oct. 1, 1801, aged fifteen; Laughlin Currie, Nov. 10, 1803, aged sixty-six; Garret Van Dolah, Aug. 10, 1807, aged ^ighty-one; Caleb Farley, Oct. 6, 1808, aged fifty-one ; Eleanor Runk, June 3, 1810, aged sixty -five ; John Covenhoven, Sept. 9, 1812, aged fifty -two. German Baptist Burying-Ground is located near the German Baptist church, in the north part of School District No. 94. In this yard the following inscriptions were found upon headstones : Israel Poulson, Sr., died Feb. 13, 1856, aged eighty-six (for many years pastor of the German Baptist Church) ; David Moore, Sr., May 1, 1860, aged ninety-eight; Henry Trimmer, Oct. 5, 1850, aged eighty-two ; Dinah Trimmer, June 25, 1858, aged ninety; Mary Case, Jan. 23, 1846, aged ninety -three ; Sarah Myers, Oct. 2, 1872, aged eighty-one; John White, May 24, 1851, aged eighty-four; Elizabeth White, Aug. 23, 1859, aged eighty-two; Ann Carver, aged ninety; Philip Berin, Feb. 12, 1849, aged ninety-two; Anna Hop- pock, Jan. 5, 1866, aged ninety-nine; George Cronse, June 22, 1867, aged eighty-two; Lois Cronse, July 31, 1868, aged eighty-two ; Andrew Shepherd, Feb. 9, 1862, aged eighty-four; Jacob Lawshe, Nov. 28, 1865, aged ninety-nine; Hannah Lawshe, Dec. 24, 1861, aged eighty-nine. Reading Burying-Ground is near the Reading school-house, on the farm now owned by G. B. John- son, in School District No. 97. The Reading family are represented as follows : Lucy Reading, died Aug. 5, 1831, aged sixty -nine; Joseph Reading, died March 11, 1810, aged fifty; Elisha E. Reading, died Aug. 18, 1824, aged forty-nine ; Ann Reading, died March 28, 1843, aged fifty-eight ; John Reafling, died Nov. 12, 1871, aged eighty-two; Joseph H. Reading, died Feb. 5, 1874, aged fifty-one ; Elizabeth Reading, died Feb. 8, 1873, aged eighty. There are other burial-places in this township, in some of which there are merely the common field- stone placed at either end of the grave to mark the last resting-place of the departed, but without in- scriptions of any kind. There are others, however, which are properly cared for ; some of these are Locktown, Sand Brook, and one near Ringos. A little northwest of the residence of Maurice Wolverton, near Prallsville, and on his farm, is an old burial-place containing about an acre. It is now in a neglected state, being overrun with trees, bushes, and weeds. Here rest the remains of the older stock of the Rittenhouse family. Many of the graves are marked by the common unlettered field-stones, there being but little marble. The graves of John Cava- nagh's two wives are here, — Ann, aged twenty, and Hannah, aged twenty-two. There is also a marble gravestone upon which is inscribed, " Peter Ritten- house, born 1737 ; died 1804, aged 67 years ; his wife, Sarah, died May 16, 1814, aged 76." This Peter Rit- tenhouse was a son of William (the first). The fol- lowing is inscribed on a field-stone in this graveyard, and is supposed to refer to the Cavanagh familv : "A. W. D. C. D. C. 1732." SOCIETIES. " Delaware Council, No. 53, Order of United Amer- ican Mechanics," of Stockton, was instituted Nov. 7, 1870, by State, Councilor A. W. Johnson, with the following charter members : Daniel M. Sherman, John W. Dilts, Alfred Wanamaker, Charles S. Hendricks, William Sharp, Charles A. Slack, John Moore, Daniel D. Sperling, Azariah Stout, Daniel R. Sharp, Fred- erick S. Phillips, Moses R. Dilts, Bennett S. Cooper, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, AVilliam R. Quick, Henry C. Wanamaker. The original oflftcers were : Councilor, Alfred Wan- amaker; Vice-Councilor, Charles S. Hendricks ; Rec. Sec, Daniel M. Sherman; Asst. Rec. Sec, Frederick S. Phillips; Fin. Sec, Henry C. Wanamaker; Treas., Daniel R. Sharp; Inductor, Azariah Stout; Exam- iner, Bennett S. Cooper; S. P., Daniel D. Sperling; 0. P., William R. Quick. The succeeding presiding officers of the council have been as follows : 1871, Daniel Sherman, Azariah Stout; 1872, Bennett S. Cooper, Freder- ick S. Phillipa ; 1873, Charles Slack, Andrew Stout ; 1874, Daniel B. Sharp, J. D. Kinney •, 1876, John B. Watson, William Sharp ; 1876, Miles W. Johnson, B. B. Maxwell ; 1877, J. W. Dilts, G. Wolverton ; 1878, Jesse W. Weller, A. Vt. Miller ; 1879, Daniel E. Sharp, William E. Quick; 1880, Jesse W. Weller, J. D. Kinney. The regular meetings of this council are held on Thursday evening of each week, in Masonic Hall, in the village of Stockton. Total membership, 40. The present officers are : Councilor, J. D. Kinney ; V. C, Alfred Wanamaker ; R. S., R. B. Maxwell ; A. DELAWARE. 385 E. S., J. F. Sherwood ; F. S., William A. Phillips ; Treas., J. B. Watson ; Indr., J. P. Quinn ; Exr., J. F. Everett ; I. P., Daniel White ; O. P., Daniel E. Sharp ; Junr. Exr., J. W. Weller ; Senr. Exr., Wil- liam E. Quick. " Orpheus Lodge, No. 137, A. F. and A. M.," was in- stituted in Stockton, Jan. 22, 1874, with Joshua Primmer, A. J. Eounsaville, and Isaac S. Cramer as w^arrant members. The following were the original officers : Worshipful Master, Isaac S. Cramer ; Senior Warden, A. J. Eounsaville ; Junior Warden, Joshua Primmer ; Treas., C. S. Wolverton ; Sec, G. B. Johnson ; Senior Deacon, J. M. Hoppock ; Junior Deacon, H. P. Crellen ; Tiler, S. Hartpence. The lodge was in- stituted and officers installed by W. A. Pembrook, Grand Master; J. V. Bentley, Deputy Grand Master; M. B. Smith, Senior Grand Warden ; Joseph L. De La Cour, Junior Grand Warden ; Joseph H. Hough, Grand Sec. The succeeding Masters of the lodge have been A. J. Eounsaville, 1876; Nathaniel Shepherd, 1877; Eobert Kewven, 1878; Norris Haruem, 1879; G. Wolverton, 1880. The regular communications are held on the Mon- day evening on or before the full of the moon in each month, in Masonic Hall, in the village of Stockton. Present membership, 43. "Locktown Grange, No. 88, P. of H.," was organized March 5, 1875, by County Deputy George B. Stothoff, in the school-house, with the following charter mem- bers : H. F. Bodine, Amy Bodine, E. M. Heath, Annie B. Heath, David Bodine, Emily Bodine, John T. Eick, W. B. Hockenbury, Kate Hockenbury, Anderson Bray, Cyrus Eisler, George D. Eittenhouse, Deborah Eitten- house, Asa Hockenbury, Jonas L. Strimple, Asa Cor- son, Lydia Corson, W. S. Hawk, Charles Hardon, J. T. Horn, E. S. Conover, Levi Snyder, H. Elma Snyder, A. D. Ward, Uriah Sutton, Susan Stout, William E. Bearder. The following officers were elected and in- stalled: Master, E. M. Heath; Overseer, A. D. Ward ; Lecturer, Cyrus Eisler ; Steward, David Bodine ; Asst. Steward, Levi Snyder; Chaplain, W. E. Bearder; Treas., W. B. Hockenbury ; Sec, H. F. Bodine; Gate- Keeper, E. S. Conover ; Ceres, H. Elma Snyder ; Po- mona, Kate Hockenbury; Flora, Deborah Eitten- house; Lady Asst. Steward, Amy Bodine. The first meetings for a year were held in a room at the hotel. The hall of Samuel A. Carroll was rented April 1, 1876, and occupied for three years. At a meeting held Sept. 30, 1878, it was resolved to build a hall, and David Bodine, Andrew Bearder, and (October 19th) E. M. Heath were appointed a build- ing committee. The edifice was erected and dedica- ted Feb. 1, 1879, by H. F. Bodine (he being ap- pointed by the W. M. of the New Jersey State Grange), assisted by the Master and building com- mittee of Locktown Grange. In 1875 twelve persons were initiated ; since that time from one to three have joined each year. The following is a list of the successive Masters and secre- taries since 1875 : MASTERS. 1876, David Bodino; 1877-78, H. F. Bodine; 1879, David Bodine; 1880, Andrew Bearder. SECRETAKIES. 1870, H. F. Bodine ; 1877-78, A. W. Carrell; 1879-80, John T. Eicls:. A. W. Carrell was purchasing agent in 1877-78, H. F. Bodine in 1879-80, and in 1877 Amos B. Sutton was elected selling agent, which position he still holds. The purchases in 1880 amounted to about $800. Of the charter members, twenty-one are still connected with the grange, and five have left; two have withdrawn to join other granges. Present num- ber of members, 38. The grange is in a prosperous condition. The County Grange has held two ses- sions in Locktown since the hall was erected. " Sergeantsville Grange, No. 101," was organized April 6, 1876. Place of meeting, Fisher's Hall, at Sergeantsville. The following are the names of the charter mem- bers : Joseph Williamson, D. Wilson Hoppock, Isaac Smith, Charles Heath, Edwin T. Phillips, Joseph Hageman, Joseph Ensminger, Mary Ann Ensminger, Jacob Smith, Samuel D. Barcroft, Elizabeth Barcroft, James P. Dilts, John B. Fisher, Deborah B. Fisher, Asa Cronce, Elisha Alwood, Joshua Primmer, Asher Eeading, Thomas P. Holly, Anna Holly, Frank Ven- erble, Hiram Johnson, Anderson Eeading. The following were the first officers elected for 1876 : Master, Joseph Williamson ; Overseer, James P. Dilts ; Lecturer, Joshua Primmer ; Steward, D. Wilson Hoppock ; Assistant Steward, Joseph Ens- minger ; Chaplain, Asa Cronce ; Treas., John B. Fisher; Sec, Edwin T. Phillips; Gate-Keeper, Frank Venerble ; Ceres, Sarah Venerble ; Pomona, Adaline Phillips ; Flora, Elizabeth Barcroft ; Lady Assistant Steward, Anna Holly. Jan. 20, 1877, J. B. Fisher was chosen Master, D. W. Hoppock secretary, Samuel D. Barcroft lecturer, and Asa Cronce chaplain. The Master for 1878 was J. B. Fisher, and for 1879, Isaac H. Hofiman. Officers for 1880 : Master, E. P. Tomlinson ; Over- seer, John T. Hampton ; Lecturer, Isaac H. Hoffman ; Steward, J. B. Fisher; Assistant Steward, Frank Venerble ; Chaplain, Asa Cronce ; Treasurer, Joseph Williamson; Secretary, Delia A. Tomlinson; Gate- Keeper, Asher Eeading ; Ceres, Deborah Fisher ; Po- mona, Martha Hageman; Flora, Annie Carcoflf; Lady Assistant Steward, Mary J. Hoffman. The present number of members enrolled is 40. CORPORATIONS. The Centre Bridge Company was incorporated by act of the Legislature of New Jersey passed Feb. 18, 1811, supplemented by act of the Legislature of Penn- sylvania passed March 23, 1811. Letters patent were granted Aug. 17, 1812, by Joseph Bloomfield, Gover- 386 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. nor of New Jersey, to Alexander Bonnell, Samuel McNair, George Kea, John Britton, James Hart, Henry Dusenbury, Thomas McEwin, William Mitch- ell, Samuel Johnson, William Hart, Watson Fell, Peter Fisher, John Wilson, and Morris Eobinson, commissioners appointed by the said act to receive subscriptions for building the bridge. The first meeting of the stockholders for the elec- tion of officers was held Oct. 21, 1812, when the fol- lowing were elected : President, William Mitchell ; Managers, Watson Fell, Samuel Johnson, John Wil- son, Albertus King, Peirson Reading, George C. Max- well ; Treasurer, Aaron Eastburn ; Secretary, William Sitgreave. Dec. 24, 1812, a contract was made with Capt. Pe- leg Kingsley and Benjamin Lord for building the bridge. John Euckraan was appointed surveyor, and Aug. 19, 1813, John Abell was made toll-collector, salary to begin Jan. 1, 1814. The company pur- chased of Joseph Howell the right of his ferry, to- gether with land for a road, also stone and sand, for which he received forty shares of stock. Dec. 2, 1813, the company contracted with Thomas Lake to fill in against the abutment on the New Jer- sey side of the river, which contract was fulfilled on the part of Lake, and the bridge was informally opened in the spring of 1814. During the fall and winter of 1816-17 a stone toll-house was built on the Jersey side, where the present toll-house stands, by William Mitchell. The records of the company, dated Jan. 18, 1841, mention "the destruction of the toll-house, two piers, and three spans of the Centre Bridge, on the Jersey side, by the late freshet, on the 8th of January, in the Delaware, which was higher than any ever known be- fore from records or the memory of man." Feb. 22, 1841, the managers contracted with Cortland Yardley to rebuild the Centre Bridge complete for $4200. At a meeting of the managers held Nov. 29, 1841, the following schedule of tolls was adopted : Coach and 4 horeee 30.75 " " 2 " 37H " " 1 horse 25 Wagon" 4 horses 50 " " 2 " 25 " " 1 horse 15 Cair or sulkey and 1 horse 15 Cart and 1 horse 15 Horse and rider 10 " extra 06^ Cattle, each 03 Sheep or swine, each 01 Foot-passengers 02 Lime-wagons, one cent per hushel ; no load less than 25 hushels. All funerals free. Persons on foot going directly to and from divine service, free on Sabbath days. The length of the bridge is 883 feet 8 inches. The present officers are John W. Reading, Presi- dent ; Dr. I. S. Cramer, Anderson Bray, Thomas H. Ruckman, Lukens Thomas, Jesse B. Fell, William S. Barron, Managers; Cyrus Risler, Treasurer; Dr. 0. H. Sproul, Secretary; R. M. Dilts, Toll-Collector. The "Delaware and Raritan Canal-Feeder" was constructed along the river front of this township in 1832. In 1878 the company built permanent cribs opposite Bull's Island, so that, with a temporary dam, plenty of water can be obtained for the feeder. The " Belvidere Delaware" (now the " Pennsylva- nia") Railroad was built across this township, along its river front, in 1851-52. It has two stations in this township, — one at Stockton, the other at Bull's Island, or Raven Rock post-office, in the west corner of the township. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. The industries of this township, aside from agricul- ture, are limited to a few enterprises, although there is quite a large amount of capital employed. The original mills at Headquarters were probably the first of the kind in what is now Delaware town- ship, having been built in 1756. During the Revo- lution these mills were a portion of the granary of the little American army then protecting New Jersey. At present there is a steam grist- and saw-mill at that place, which does a fair amount of custom-work. The mills are owned by J. A. Carroll. Sergeant's mill, one mile west of Sergeantsville, was the next most prominent in its day, having been built as early as 1820. Here, too, quite a large business was done in the line of custom- work, and there is still a custom grist- and saw-mill at this place, owned by E. S. Johnson. The Prallsville mills were built by John Prall, Jr., soon after he purchased the property, in 1792. He built a grist-mill on the site of the present one, a saw- mill, and an oil-mill, which was subsequently con- verted into a plaster-mill. The grist-mill is the largest of its kind in the township. The other mills at this place have long since been abandoned. During the Revolution the Rittenhouses had a tan- nery near Prallsville, and the general troubles made oil scarce. During a freshet several large sturgeon came up the creek ; the waters left them in pools whence they could not escape, and the Rittenhouses conceived the idea of rendering them up for the oil, which proved to be admirably adapted to their busi- ness. In the spring of 1862, Mr. John Finney erected a steam saw-mill, 120 by 20 feet, in Stockton, on the wharf of the canal-feeder, and commenced the manu- facture of both pine and hard lumber. Early in 1865, Messrs. William V. Case and H. W. Case purchased the saw-mill and built an addition to it ; they also doubled the original size, and carried on a large business, under the firm-name and style of W. V. Case & Bro. In 1874 the Messrs. Case built a large mill, 1 20 by 40 feet, for the manufacture of spokes, besides the necessary sheds and outbuildings, and commenced operations under the style of the "Stockton Spoke- Works.'' They put in all the necessary machinery, DELAWARE. 38*7 and when running at their full capacity turned out about 18,000 spokes per week. In the spring of 1877 their mill was burned and a large quantity of stock consumed, but in a few weeks they had the whole rebuilt, new machinery in, and the works again in operation. The Messrs. Case continued in business, having at different times other parties associated with them as partners, until the fall of 1878, when they failed, and Rev. C. S. Conkling, the principal mortgagee, took the mills. He has successfully operated the saw-mill ever since, cutting about 1,200,000 feet of lumber per annum, chiefly hard-wood. There is also, in connection with the saw-mill, a turning-shop, in which all kinds of wood-turning is done, but chiefly telegraph brackets and pins, of which from 1000 to 1200 are turned out daily. There is also a handle-factory, in which from 1 200 to 1500 hatchet- and hammer-handles are daily turned. The spoke-works remained idle from the time of the failure of the Messrs. Case and their purchase by Conkling until the spring of 1880, when Messrs. J. L. Kugler & Co., by whom they have since been op- erated, took charge of them. In the spring of 1877 a gentleman came to Stock- ton with samples of paper-ware manufactured in Ca- nandaigua, N. Y., at a factory of which he had been the superintendent. The factory had burned down, and he had lost all, being unable to rebuild. His ob- ject, therefore, was to form a stock company for the manufacture of paper-ware, and, representing the business as being profitable, he induced a number of the business men of Stockton to organize a company with a capital of $15,000. On April 6th of the year aforesaid, having secured subscriptions amounting to $6000, a certificate of incorporation was executed. A lot of ground was purchased, and a factory 60 by 30 feet, of three stories, was erected, besides a commo- dious drying-house and paint-shop. Suitable machi- nery was put in, and the business of manufacturing paper-ware was commenced about September 1st fol- lowing. But the company was soon in debt 19000, and disappointed in selling their goods at such prices as they had been led to expect, it became bankrupt about a year after organization. The factory and machinery were sold Aug. 2, 1878, being purchased by the firm of E. P. Conkling & Co., of which Mr. Conkling was the principal member, and to whom the other members soon sold out their several inter- ests, leaving him, as he is at this date, sole owner. In the winter of 1879 the firm of George O. Baker & Co., of New York City, rented the factory and com- menced the manufacture of various kinds of paper- ware, but on April 9th following, the drying-house and paint-shop being burned down, consuming also a large quantity of ware, the firm became discouraged and gave up the works. In the following fall Mr. J. L. Knox, of New York, rented them, and is still successfully carrying on the business, making chiefly pails, of which about 100 dozen per week are turned out, and employing about 16 hands. The Prallsville quarries were opened in 1830 or 1831 by John Prall, who furnished stone for the railroad- bridge across the Delaware at New Hope. The quar- ries are now owned by the heirs of the William Hop- pock estate, but are not being worked. The quarry in the rear of the Stockton House, now owned by J. S. Hockenbury, was opened in 1832 by Asher Johnson. A large quantity of stone was taken out and used in building bridges on the Lehigh Valley Eailroad. The quarry is not being worked at present. The Delaware and Raritan Canal Company are working their quarries, located a short distance above those at Prallsville. Fifteen men are employed. Asher Wolverton owns a valuable quarry along the feeder of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, but at the present time (1880) it is not being worked. The " Hunterdon Nurseries," at Sergeantsville, were established in 1870 by Dr. Isaac S. Cramer, the present proprietor. There are two carriage-manufactories in this town- ship, owned respectively by Hon. C. W. Godown, at Dilts' Corners, and Henry Quick, at Sergeantsville. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Clark, who lived at Oakdale, commenced the practice of medicine there in 1790. He was suc- ceeded by John Bowne, 1795 to 1857. He also prac- ticed medicine at Prallsville, 1791-95, when he moved to what is now Barber's Station, where he remained for sixty-one years. He died Nov. 4, 1857. Prior to 1790 the nearest physician to what is now Delaware township was at Flemington, Quakertown, and Kingwood. Richard Mershon practiced at Sergeantsville, 1840- 42, being followed in 1842 by John Stout. Isaac S. Cramer is now in practice at Sergeantsville. The first physician at Rosemont was John Barcroft, 1841-42. George N. Best is the present physician at Rosemont. H. O. Sproul has practiced at Stockton from 1866 to the present time, and is the only physician there. STATE AND COUNTY OFFICIALS. The following have been elected to the positions named from Delaware township : State senator, Hon. William Wilson ; members of the State Legislature, John Lambert, David B. Boss, C. W. Godown; sheriffs, James Synder, A. B. Chamberlin; judges, Mahlon Smith, F. S. Holcombe ; county clerk, A. B. Rittenhouse. 388 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOSEPH WILLIAMSON. p Joseph Williamson, son of Matthias and Susan (Slack) Williamson, of Hunterdon County, was born in the township of Delaware, Oct. 10, 1839. His grandfather was Abraham Williamson, who' was born in Germany or Holland, and came to this country about 1773. He was a soldier in the war of the Eev- olution, and fought in several battles under Washing- ton. He settled in Delaware township about the year 1780, on the road from Sergeantsville to Kingwood church, on property now owned by his grandson, Joseph Williamson. He had five children, four of whom, Derick, Abraham, Eleanor, and Sarah, signed the deed. May 1, 1828, given to Matthias Williamson, father of our subject, for the homestead farm. All lived to an advanced age, but are now deceased. Matthias Williamson, the youngest of the family, bought out the other heirs, and remained upon the homestead where he was born in 1787, and died in 1875, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. He married Susan Slack, Oct. 13, 1832, and had four children, two of whom died in infancy and two sur- vive,— viz., Joseph, our subject, and Margarette, for- merly wife of the late Martin V. B. Rittenhouse, of Kingwood township, and present wife of Bartlett Hann, a farmer in Kingwood. Joseph Williamson was born on the homestead farm, and resided there till 1877, when he purchased the farm adjoining the village of Sergeantsville on the west, the homestead of John H. Gordon, whose daughter Mary Ann he married, Dec. 15, 1864. He has followed the occupation of a farmer and peach- culturist all his life, and since 1877 has resided on the place near Sergeantsville, still owning and carrying on the old farm. He may be regarded as a model farmer of his district, and has rendered the occupation successful financially and in everj' other respect. In politics Mr. Williamson is of the faith of his fathers, — a Democrat, — and is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. For two terms he has held the oflice of justice of the peace, and has been called to fill other offices of trust and resijonsibility in his township. He has frequently been a delegate to the county and congressional conventions, and has served the interests of his party and constituents with intel- ligence and ability. He has five children, — four sons and one daughter, — viz., Franklin P., Kate G., Mat- thias, John H., and Fred B., in the order named. ANDREW LARASON.'' Andrew Larason, son of Andrew and Mary (Wil- son) Larason, was born in Kingwood township, two miles from Frenchtown, N. J., Oct. 2, 1803, and re- ^?7^:e^^:^c. moved with his parents to Harbortown, Mercer Co., when he was eight years old. After remaining there five years he removed with his father to the farm where he now resides. The place is known as the "Old Larason Farm," and was purchased by his * Sometimes spelled Larison. cz^. ^^c ^ cc'*.^<>^^>?-t/ ^ — ,. 59 IP E @ m IP 55 ■in =3 @ @ t i /n V 13^ DELAWARE. 389 father of Joseph Higgins in 1816. At that time there was a tannery upon the place, which was then quite old, and the house which Mr. Larason still occupies. He lived with his father on the place till the death of the latter, in 1861, when he came into possession of the estate. His mother had already departed this life. Mr. Larason married Mary Ann, daughter of John Phillips, in January, 1837. They had two children, both sons, — viz., John P. and David W. The former died of scarlet fever at the age of seven years ; the latter married Sarah, daughter of George Wilson, and has four children, — Mary, John, Cora May, and Howard Larason. Mr. Larason has lived a quiet, unobtrusive life on his farm, which is one of the finest in this section of New Jersey, and bears the evidence of many im- provements made by his own hands. He is an up- right and worthy citizen of the old school, conscien- tious and conservative in politics, and a supporter of the church of his neighborhood. BENJAMIN LARISON. Benjamin Larison was born Jan. 5, 1805, in King- wood township, near Frenchtown, N. J. He is a son of Andrew and Mary (Wilson) Larison, both natives of Amwell township. Andrew Larison, Sr., moved with his family in 1810 to a large farm which he purchased at Harborton, in Mercer County, where he remained till 1816, when he purchased the large farm known as the LaS'ison home- stead, on the York Road, between Mount Airy and Ringos, N. J. This farm has ever since remained in the family. Here Andrew Larison, Sr., spent the re- mainder of his life. He was a prominent and well- to-do farmer and drover, and represented his district two terms in the Legislature (1835 and 1836). He was born May 17, 1776, and died July 26, 1861, aged eighty-five years, two months, and nine days. His wife Mary was horn Oct. 15, 1778, and died Sept. 24, 1856, aged seventy-seven years, eleven months, and nine days. Benjamin was the youngest of three sons, the others heing John and Andrew, and the daughters, Sarah and Lavina. The former married Aaron C. Wilson, a large farmer near Harbortown, in Hopewell town- ship. The latter is the wife of Samuel E. Holcombe, of Hopewell. Benjamin was raised on the old home- stead and educated at the common schools. He married Hannah Ann, daughter of Capt. George Holcombe, near Lambertville, N. J., by whom he had nine children, all living except the late Andrew B. Larison, M.D., pastor and founder of the Baptist Church at Ringos. The survivors are George H. Larison, M.D., of Lambertville ; Corzielius W. Lari- son, M.D., of Ringos; John, residing on the home- stead farm ; Lucy A., residing at home ; Mary C, who married Thomas C. Johnson ; Sarah, wife of Reading Bodiue ; Ellen and Jane, at home. Mr. Larison has never sought or held any political offices, but has been deacon of the Baptist Church at Sandy Ridge for several years. He is an upright and worthy citizen and an exemplary Christian. He lived on the old homestead from 1828 to 1874, when his wife died and he bought the adjoining lot, on which he has erected an elegant stone cottage, beautified the grounds, and made other improve- ments. (See cut of the place, on another page.) BLISHA PATTERSON TOMLINSON. The original ancestors of the Tomlinson family were of Scandinavian origin, or descendants of the Northmen. The first of the name who came to this country was Matthew Tomlinson, who embarked on board a ship at London, Richard Goodladd master, bound for America, May 21, 1638. Matthew Tomlin- 0^ d/ c:^2^rn.---^^-?., and 1). 0. Hough secretary. The " Daughters of Rebecca" are composed of members, with their wives, of the IndeiiendcnK )rder of Odd-Fellows -who have attained to the Royal Purple degree. This lodge was instituted Fob. 28, 1861. The officers for the term commencing July 1, 1880, are: N. G., William T. Srope; V. G., Meli.ssa Peer; S., Henry Hardon; C, Sarah Jane Roberson; W., Robert B. Lyons ; Chaplain, William H. Stabler ; Relief Committee, Matilda Slack, Mcli.ssa Peer, Amanda Srope, Mary E. Smith, Hannah L. Stabler, and Sarah E. Philkill. The regular meetings are held in the rooms of " Magnolia Lodge, No. fi7, I. 0. of O. F.," on the second and fourth Monday evening of each month. "Manhattan Tribe, No. 29, Improved Order of Red Men," wa.s instituted Oct. 20, 1871, with the fol- lowing charter members : Joseph E. Cook, Daniel F. Moore, Hiram Danley, Garret L. Peer, E. Page Southwick, A. B. Haring, Henry Loux, John M. Swope, Henry Hagerman, A. P. Williams, John L. Slack, Charles Kline, William Silverthorn, David 0. Roberson, Levi Troxel, William Roberson, A. S. Haring, David Curtis, Peter W. Lair, Eli Swallow, Isaac Taylor. The first principal officers were : Sachem, Joseph E. (\)ok ; Senior Safi'anu ire, David Curtis; Junior Sagamore, Charles Kline; Prophet, G. L. I'ecr; Chief of Records, Peter W. Lair; Keejier of \\'am- pum, D. F. ]\To(ire. Tlie successive presiding olli- cers have been (!. L. Peer (by virtue of law became the first past o(lieer), David Curtis, Charles Kline, Eli Swallow, A. S. Haring, Daniel F. Moore, Henry Ijoux, Peter W. Lair, \. B. Il:iring, Jluiison liaidwin, Daviil O. Roberson, William H. Stabler, .loliii L. Slack, Henry Hagerman, (f. L. Peer. The present officers are: Sacdiem, \\'illia.in il. Stabler; Senior Sagamore, William Silverthorn; Junior S:iganu)re, D. F. Moore; Projiliet, G. L. I'eer; Chief of Records, .\. G. Huring ; Keejier of Wam- pum, Charles Kline. Aleetings are held every Friday evening, in ( )dd-I'\dlovvs' Htill. Present number of members, 19. The " Freneblowii P>eiiev(deTil Society" came into existence during the severe cold winter of IS7.'), there being a scarcity of work and much suflering among the laboring men of Frenchtown. Tlie benevolent work continued till the latter part of the winter of 1877, when licttcr limes arrivt^d, and the society dis- solved. The "Frenchtown Literary Society" first met in the town-hall on the evening of Feb. 7, ]87(). Its object is for the development of literary and oratori- cal talent, and to gain a knowledge of parliamentary rules and usages. PcU'r S. Kiigler was chosen the first president, and Thcuidorc P. Williams recording secretary. The society then formed itself into a, legis- lative body. III lie governed by the same rules that govern the Slate Senate of New Jersey. It is in .a, nourishing condition. The " Union National Bank" organized in the sjiring of 185(1, under the general banking law, as the "Union Bank of Fi^cnebtown," but was subseipiciitly chartered by the Legislature of New Jersey under the free banking law. The original eapitai stock wtia $100,000, with $85,000 paid up. The liankiMg-honso was located on Second Street, cast of Harrison, and was burned in (he great fire of June, 1878. The original directors were Henry S. Stov(^r, Abraham Wyker, Tobias Worman, Rev. Mr. Carhart, Philip G. Reading, Samuel Eckel, Jonathan Piekel, Philip Hoff, and Henry L.itt, who wiia elected jircsidont, and N. D. Williams casbic'r. May 18, 1S(;5, the bank reorganized under the gov- ernment banking system, with a capital of $ll;i,;(50, and elected the following directors: Tobias Worman, Abraham Wyker, Oliver Worman, Biiltus Picket, Samuel Trimmer, Michael Uhler, Isaiab Quimby, Philip (!. Reading, Henry Wood, Robert II. Housel, Hugh E. Warford, and David Rittciihouse. Mr. Lott remained president of the bank till his death, in 1873, when Philip (!. Reading, the present ]ircsident, was elected. Mr. Williams rcmiiined cashier until March 26, 1868, when he was succeeded by William Stover, who served till his death, Oct. 2, 1880. A. B. Haring FRENCHTOWN BOROUGH. 413 is the present cashier. The present directors are P. G. Reading, H. E. Warford, I. Brink, W. H. Mar- tin, J. M. Wilson, D. M. Mathew, W. H. Eckel, J. Williams, and Michael Uhler. They have a com- modious and substantial place of business in their new banking-house on Bridge Street. The stockholders of the " Frenchtown Building and Loan Association" held their first annual meeting on Monday, Jan. 15, 1866. N. D. Williams was the first president, and Henry Lott treasurer. It was ex- pected that the business of the association would close in ten years, but it extended to thirteen. The " Alexandria Delaware Bridge Company" is the corporate title of the bridge company at this place, which was incorporated by act of the Legisla- ture of New Jersey passed March 5, 1841. A simi- lar act was passed the same year by the Pennsylvania Legislature. The New Jersey commissioners were Hugh Capner, William Case, Sr., Lewis M. Prevost, Cornelius Huff, Sr., and William L. King; those of Pennsylvania, Joseph M. Cowell, John M. Pursell, George Wyker, Henry S. Stover, Adam Barnets, and N. D. Williams. Mr. Williams is the only surviving commissioner. The capital stock of the company was to be not less than $30,000, with a privilege of increasing it to $.50,000. The shares were fixed at $50 each. At the firet meeting of the stockholders, Friday, April 22, 1842, Hugh Capner was elected president. July 22, 1842, Henry S. Stover, Joseph A. Holden, John Williams, and Lewis M. Prevost were appointed a building committee. The bridge was completed in the early part of 1844 at a cost of nearly $20,000. The present board of officers are as follows : Presi- dent, Jacob Stover; Directors, James Williams, Levi Ruth, Moses Roberson, Ishmael Brink, John D. HofF, and Runyon W. Bloom; Secretary and Treasurer, Bryan Hough. FRENCHTOWN'S GREAT FIRE. Early on the morning of June 29, 1878, a fire was discovered in the bam of Dr. E. K. Deemy, on Har- rison Street, and in less than two hours six dwelling- houses and twenty-one business firms were entirely burned out, causing a loss of over $50,000. The whole business portion of the village was in ashes. It was supposed to have been the work of an incendiary. Among the business places destroyed were the hub- and spoke-mills, the Union National Bank, bed-bot- tom factory, American Hotel and barns, and the Frenchtown Press establishment. The Vigilant hand- engine, belonging to Frenchtown, was soon disabled, and assistance was rendered from Lambertville by Union Fire Company, under command of Chief En- gineer Clark. The distance burned on Bridge Street was 240 feet ; along Warford's alley, 172 feet; on Second Street, 159 feet; from Second to Bridge Street, 299 feet. The burned district remains unoccupied, except the new brick building of the Union National Bank, on Bridge Street, and A. P. Williams' block of stores, corner of Bridge and Harrison Streets. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT of Frenchtown was organized Dec. 10, 1868, under the name of " Vigilant Fire Engine Company, No. 1." Silas S. Wright was president, G. L. Peer foreman. The Common Council had a short time previous pur- chased au engine for the use of the company. In August, 1869, the company disbanded, and April 9, 1873, a new one was organized, with the following officers : President, Peter S. Kugler; Vice- President, Charles S. Joiner; Secretary, Albert P. Brink; Treasurer, Albert P. Williams; Foreman, Garret L. Peer ; Directors, Silas S. Wright, Munson Baldwin, William V. Voorhees, Isaac H. Wilgus; Engineer, Alfred Rpberson. But in less than a year this company was numbered with the things of the past, since which time Frenchtown has been without a fire department, though one is much needed. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. The New Jersey Spoke- Works, Fargo, Baldwin & Kachline ; the bending-works of A. S. Haring, on Third Street; the Vegetable Fibre Company (W. H. Stabler superintendent) ; the Empire Spoke- Works (N. Shurtz & Co.), and telegraph pin-factory of W. H. Walrath, on Cemetery Street ; broom-manufactory of R. H. Opdyke, and fanning-mill factory of R. L. Williams, on Kingwood Avenue ; chair-factory of AVilliam Gordon, Sr., on Harrison Street; carpet- manufacturer, H. M. Palmer; sash-and-blind fac- tory, Robinson & Lyon, Cemetery Street ; and H. M. Palmer and Charles Wright, respectively engaged in the manufacture of carpets and cigars. There are also the grist-mill of D. R. Worman and the saw-mill of Worman & Taylor. ALEXANDRIA. Alexandria township was set off from Bethle- hem by the board of justices and freeholders of Hun- terdon County, March 5, 1765. It was named after James Alexander, who. Nor. 1, 1744, became possessed of 10,000 acres of land, lying mostly in this township, of the West Jersey Land Society's great tract. Be- fore Holland was set off, this township contained 31,095 acres; since then, 16,444 acres. The valua- tion of taxable property is rated at $925,770 ; popu- lation, 1324. GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. Alexandria lies in the northwestern part of the county. It is hounded northwest by the Jlusconet- cong Creek, which separates it from Warren County ; northeast by Bethlehem and Union townships ; south- east by Franklin and Kingwood townships ; south- west and west by the Delaware Eiver and Holland township. The JIusconetcong Mountain runs in a direction nearly northeast and southwest across the northern part; the southeastern section is nearly level; the surface of the remaining part is gently undulating, sloping slightly towards the southwest. The Wissa- hawkent Creek, a mill-stream, rises from several sources in the northeastern portion, runs in a south- erly direction, and empties into the DelawareJ at Milford. The branches of the HakeahawkaJ rise in the eastern part, run southwesterly through the cen- tral, and empty into the Delaware at Case's saw-mill. The Nississackawayll rises in the southeastern section, runs southwesterly, and empties into the Delaware at Frenchtown. Several branches of the head-waters of the Capolon,1[ a creek tributary to the South Branch of Earitan, also have their sources in the southeastern part, and pass out of the township at Pittstown. The * By Henry Race, A.M., M.D. ^ CaUed WicJcakawkin in Robert Emley'a field-notes of a survey in 1747 ; WeachahaJring in Allen and Turner's survey in 1749 ; WIuU;ltaka7i in Faden's map, 1777; Whichahawlcin in some early manuscripts; Hakiho- /cake in Beers, Comstock and Cliue's map; Hakiohahe in Cnrneira map; QimqiiiLcommisBicong in Hughes' map, and also in a manuscript of 1770. X The Delaware is called Zutjdl, or Snutli, River in Vischer's map. pub- lished about 1660, and in Daniel Leeds' survey of the Byerly tract, in 1710, SoiUh Itieer or Fiah Creek. g Called HarikokaTte in Cook's map; KakeaJiawcake in Hughes' map; Hakeahawha in nearly all the early surveys and other manuscripts of colonial times in which it occurs. li In the survey of the West Jersey Land Society's great tract, in 1711, it is called EeBhasackaway ; in Faden's map, 1777, Nenhachackaway ; in Cook's map, Ms/iwaftaujicfc ; in Beers, Comstock and Cline's map, iWc7m- okawkk; and in Elisha Emley's field-notes, Neshaaackawick. % Called Capooaulong in the survey of the West Jersey Society's tract, in nil. 414 many rivulets which converge to form these beautiful streams meander through every neighborhood south of the Musconetcong.*-* They are mostly unfailing, and afford power for several mills. Every part of the township is productive of wheat, rye, Indian corn, buckwheat, flax, the grasses, and root-crops. The red-shale soil is generally more fa- vorable to wheat, rye, and oats than to corn, buck- wheat, and other late summer crops. INDIAN BURYING-GEOUND. In a survey made March 30, 1710, by Daniel Leeds, " for Thomas Byerly, Esq., one of the Proprietors of the Western Division of New Jersey," he ran along the Maghaghtmeck (Musconetcong) Mountain " till one come opposite to the Indian Burying-place ; thence N. W. through the said Burying-place, &c." This latter phrase seems to imply that the " said Burying- place" was of considerable extent. Its precise locality is less than a quarter of a mile east of the public road from Spring Mills to Hughesville, on land now be- longing to Jacob C. Huff. There are no traces of it to be seen at present. The last part of it was plowed over about twenty years ago. Mr. Henry Huff, an old man living near, remembers that sixty years ago it occupied a large space. Mr. Jonas Wieder dis- tinctly remembers one grave, indicated by a red-shale stone, lettered " Chief" It is presumable, from its extent, that this burial-place had been used for a long time by the Indians of a large scope of country. The manner of making and marking their graven, as remembered by Mr. Huff and Mr. Wieder, was similar to that of white people. If there is no mis- take in the recollections of these aged men respecting the appearance of the graves, it would seem probalile that the Delawares of this section adopted this mode after the first European immigration. The Indians generally left their dead in a sitting posture and cov- ered the graves in the form of a pyramid. They were very careful about preserving their places of sepul- ture, and often returned to visit them. EARLY HISTORY. William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, and Nicholas Lucas were seized, in trust for Edward Byllynge, of ninety one-hundredth (undivided) parts of the western di- vision of New Jersey, and by indenture bearing date March 2, 1676, conveyed one of the said ninety one- hundredth parts to Robert Squib, Sr., and Eobert t'* Musconetcong Creek is called Maghaghtmeck in the return of Daniel Leeds' survey, 1710. ALEXANDRIA. 415 Squib, Jr., in fee. Eobert Squib, Sr., by indenture dated Nov. 10, 1686, released bis estate, and interest therein, unto the said Robert Squib, Jr., in fee. Edward Byllynge, Gawen Lawrie, and Nicholas Lucas, by indenture dated Dec. 19, 1681, granted to Eobert Squib, Jr., in fee, one other ninetieth part, ■whereby he became seized of two ninetieths. Being so seized, he died, having first made a will, dated July 7, 1694, by which he devised all his estate, including the two ninetieths, to his executors, Nathan Tilson and Jonathan Johnson, in trust, to sell the same, and to apply the money arising therefrom to the uses men- tioned in hia will. By indenture dated Jan. 26, 1705, the above-named •executors conveyed the two undivided ninetieth parts to Thomas Byerly, Esq., one-half thereof being in trust for Robert Barker, of Gray's Inn. Thomas Byerly, by indenture dated March 19, 1709, mortgaged one of the ninetieths to George Clark, " for the sum of 1150 oz. of plate silver money, and the in- terest thereof, at the rate of 8 per cent." On or about Jan. 19, 1714, there were "surveyed and laid out" to the said Thomas Byerly 2I,.363 acres, in right of his two proprieties, in two tracts, situated in the county of Hunterdon (on both sides of Musconet- cong Creek and bordering on the Delaware), which survey was approved by the council of proprietors, Nov. 13, 1717, and recorded in the secretary's office at Burlington in Bass' Book of Surveys, and also in the minutes of council, p. 181. Thomas Byerly, by his will, dated May 26, 1725, devised all his real estate within the province of New Jersey to his executors, Joseph Murray and John Kinsey, in trust, half to be sold and the other half conveyed to the above-men- tioned Robert Barker, in fee. George Clark exhibited his bill of complaint in the Court of Chancery of New Jersey to compel the ex- ecutors of Byerly to redeem the premises by payment of the aforementioned debt. The executors appeared and prayed the Court of Equity that the said lands might be divided, which was done by decree of the court, and two tracts, one in Hunterdon and one in what is now Warren County, were directed to be sold to discharge the debt. The two tracts were sold at public sale Sept. 1, 1749, and purchased by ^Villiam Allen and Joseph Turner, of Philadelphia, for £3000, proclama- tion money. The tract in Hunterdon County con- tained 7308 acres ; that north of the Musconetcong, 1701 acres. The Hunterdon tract lies in what is now Alexandria and Holland townships, and is described as follows : " Beginning on the shore of the river Delaware, opposite the eastern- most point of a great rock in the river; thence north 48° east di- viding this laud from the other moiety of the same tract) 247 chains to a post; thence north 47° west, by the said other moiety, 1^4 chains to Musconetcong River; thence up the said river, the several courses of the same, to the northeasterly corner of the said tract (near Bloumsbury), at a white-oak tree, marked; thence south 35° east 190 chains to a black -oak tree for a corner; thence south 39° west 57 chains to an- other black-oak tree for a corner; thence south 24° west, thrice crossing Wissahawken Creek, 226 chains to a post for a corner ; thence south 51° west 67 chains to a white-oak tree by the creek last men- tioned ; thence south 81° west 23 chains to the river Delaware (this point is 70 chains above the mouth of Wissahawken Creek) ; thence along the river to the place of beginning,— containing 7308 acres." The part of Sir Eobert Barker's land lying between Allen and Turner's (above described) tract and the Musconetcong Creek was known as the Barker tract in Hunterdon County. THE BARKER TRACT. The locality on the borders of the Musconetcong Creek began to be settled about 1700. In the field- notes of a survey of this tract in 1710 by Daniel Leeds, for Thomas Bryerly, now in our possession, this statement occurs : " Including the Land whereon William Titfoot, the Blacksmith, is settled, who is no proprietor." The fact of a blacksmith being settled makes it presumptively certain that there was also a settlement of farmers. We find no evidence of any rents having been re- quired of the settlers on Barker's lands previous to 1764. William McAdam, of New York, had been appointed attorney for Sir Robert Barker, "to act for him with regard to his Land in West New Jer- sey." He appointed John Emley as a local agent, Nov. 25, 1764, with the following instructions : " My desire is that you may use your best endeavore, by gentle and persuHsive means, to get the present livers on the estate to come under lease for one year, or, at most, for three. ... I desire that you may employ some proper surveyor to Re-survey the Lands and Lay them out in proper farms, the corners tc be well marked,, and as Publicly Ascer- tained as you can." In 1765 the following names occur among Barker's tenants : Hugh Hughes, Jacob Pence, Peter Carlings, Tliomas Potts, P. Longbury, Robert Tonikins, James Baley, John Delapp, Peter Tinsman, James Graham, John Martin, James Martin, William Crag (Craig?), Den- nis Pnsley (Purcell?), Daniel Pusley, Samuel Cragg, Thomas Cragg, George Arwin, Robins J. Slack, John Houton, Christopher Smith, Alexander Partrick, Joseph Harber, George Crow, James Stewart, Hans J. Robins, Christopher Smith, Jacob Pence, William Martin, Paul Forgeson, Henry Rop, .Toseph Reader (Reeder?), John Boon (Bu nn ?), Benjamin Tomkins, Peter Cinclere (Sinclair ?), Polo. Tomer, Cornelius Poling, Widow Poling, Samuel Poling, John Martin Wyess, John Harrison, George Erwin (mill), Mary Gammon, B. M. Farling. In 1767 we find these additional names : Philip Bear, Philip Fine, Thomas Riche (Richey ?), Martin Swick, Henry Rose, Junius Swiclc, James Wycoff, John Roberts, Jonathan Robins, Mrs. Daniel, John Crimer, John Hanton, Baltis Tomer, George Corwine. In 1772, Joseph Harber, tailor, rented " five acres, with the tavern-house and stables, in Barker Town." In 1775 we find these names : Benia Jones, Edward Hunt, Abram Clawson, Christopher Hynor (Hiner ?) John Calvin, Henry Hill, Abram Covert, James Iliff, Henry Livring, Isaac Cooper. In 1787, Ralph Johnson. The rents were commonly low, the tenants agreeing to make specified improvements, plant and cultivate fruit-trees, etc. After a few years the more thrifty of them were able to purchase homes of their own. 416 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. THE HAMILTON TBAOT. In 1774, Allen and Turner conveyed to James Ham- ilton, of Philadelphia, for $7300, all that remained nnsold to settlers of the Byerly tract. We find the following among Hamilton's tenants : 1775. — Nathaniel Britain, Pitzer John Tomson, Matthias Bront, John SheiTed, Roger Parlie, William Sygn (Sine?), C. Horn, Winegardner, Jacob "Welsli, Matthias Spviglej', Daniel Hnnt, ITra. Medler (Metier), John Kanilin, Jacob Arnwine. 1787. — Isaac Bonnel, Jacob Bunn, William Hawli, Matthias Biakeley, Thomas Carr. Herbert Smith, Samuel Britain, John Tomsou (390 acres), Ralph Johnson (612 acres), Peter Haughawout, William and John Medler (Metier, 433 acres), Isaac Kitchen, Antony Hoff (360 acres), Cornelius Britain, Henry Laycock, Henry Winegarden, Jonah Parks, Koger Parks, L. Chamber- lain (1783). John Emley was agent for the Hamiltons ; after- wards—about 1800— John E. Forman. By 1810 the last lease had expired and the property all been sold except one farm, which was purchased by John E. Forman. This ^\as the Forman homestead, near Spring Mills. THE SOCIETY'S TBACT. All the land lying south and southeast of Allen and Turner's (afterwards Hamilton's) tract, and within the boundaries of Holland and Alexandria townships, was surveyed, June, 1711, by order of Col. Lewis Morris, for an English land company known as " The West Jersey Land Society." This tract extended from the Delaware to the Lamington Eiver, and con- tained 91,89.5 acres, with customary allowances. The following is the return of the survey of 1711, as recorded in the colonial record office at Burlington : "Situate, and being in the county of Burlington, in the province of West Jersey, beginning at the north end of Coshanton;* thence north to Lamington Falls, on the North Blanch of Karitan. where Peapack path crosses said river ; thence along said path ; thence west to the South Branch of Karitan River ; thence southwest to Delaware river ;t thence, as the river goes, to where the SokawayJ comes into the Delaware, to the top of a hill on the south side of the upper branch of the Beshasakaway ;§ thence to a iork of a run, being a branch of Capooaulong;|| thence down said run to anotherfork;f thence** up the same to a fork of the said run, to a hickory sapling by the old field of Sekapus, to a corner near his plantation ;tt thence east to Karitan Kiver;J+ thence northeast to the end of a run at tjie foot of the said mountain Coshanton ; thence south- east to Mr. Willock's corner." Nov. 1, 1744, the West Jersey Society, by their attorneys, Joseph Haynes and Jeremiah Lattouch, sold to James Alexander, father of Lord Stirling, 10,000 acres of land, " with usual allowances, to be elected, located, and chosen in any number of par- cels by the said James Alexander." The convey- ance was confirmed by deed bearing date March 30, * Cushetunk, or Picket's Mountain. t This corner, as we learn from subsequent surveys, was 76 chains above the mouth of Wissahawken Creek. I Nississakaway ? i Lesser Nississakaway 7 This corner, as we learn from later surveys, was 9 chains and 60 links below the mouth of Nississakaway Creek. I) Capolon. 1[ Near Ishi Butler's house. ** Southeasterly. tt Land now belongs to Samuel Stevenson. There was an Indian vil- lage here. tt South Branch. 1753, given by Lewis Johnston and Henry Lane, attorneys for the society. The tract was located prin- cipally in what two years later became Alexandria township. ^^ Oct. 11, 1752, Hon. John Stevens, Andrew John- ston, and John Johnston gave their bonds for the sum of £20,000, New York currency, for the purchase of what remained unsold of the West Jersey Land Society's great tract, comprising about 61,000 acres, with five per cent, added for highways. In December, 1752, ^^ were held by Andrew John- ston, ^3- by John Stevens, ^ by AVilliam Alexander (Lord Stirling), ^^ by John Johnston, -^ by Thomas Bartow, and -fg by Francis McEvers. £10,000, New York currency, were paid prior to July 22, 1761, when, owing to diflSculties with claimants for certain parts of the tract, it was arranged by Lord Stirling with the agents of the society that, upon the payment of £4000 sterling in London, the second and last pay- ment of £2000 was to be made April 16, 1762, when the bonds should be canceled and the property made free from incumbrance. By a deed of partition dated Oct. 5, 1765,|||| all the parties having right to the same " allotted a part of the said great tract into 15 allotments." By this deed James Parker was vested with three-fifteenth parts of the whole tract. According to a paper in our possession, in the hand- writing of and signed by Hon. John Stevens, bearing date of Oct. 4, 1766, the society's tract at this time was held as follows: Lord Stirling, -f^; John Stevens, T^; ; James Parker, ^ ■ executors of Andrew Johnson, t:\ ; Patrick McEvers, ^^ ; Nathaniel Marston, Jacob Ludlow, and Henry Cuyler, ,\. In 1787 the Hon. John Stevens offered for sale 8701 J acres of land, " being part of the subscriber's lands in the county of Hunterdon," situated in the townships of Alexandria, Bethlehem, Lebanon, and Tewksbury. The tract connected with his residence at Lebanon ValleyHII contained about 600 acres. This property seems to have been sold to William Abbott, who acted for a time as land-agent for the widow of Hon. John Stevens and for his son. Col. John Stevens.*** In 1762-63 the society's lands in Alexandria were surveyed and laid put into farm-tracts, draughted, and numbered. What remained unsold of Lord Stirling's two-fifteenth parts of the society's tract in 1790 was sold by William Lowry, sheriff, to James Parker, who sold one-half of it the same year to John Stevens for £250 10s. EARLY SETTLERS. The following were citizens of that part of Alex- andria belonging to the society's tract in 1766: gj See Book H 2d, p. 196, Burlington Eecords. Ill Recorded at Burlington, Liber X. of Deeds, p. 47. Hlf Round Valley, now in Clinton township. *** For a part of the foregoing facts we are indebted to the courtesy of Eugene Cook, Esq., Hobokeu, N. J. See also a sketch of John Stevens, and his descendants, on page 2ri3 of this work. ALEXANDRIA. 417 1736.— William Everitt, Samuel Everitt, Jolin Dillts, William Servos, Michael Whip, M.ittliias Hand, Cornelius Vau Sitklen, Thomas Beuvers, Jacob Haff, George McKicken, John Queen. 1756-06.— Samuel Webster, Ziba Osmun, John Sager, John Erwin, Thos. Little, Isaac Osmun, Daniel Jones, Joseph Gordon, WiUiam Smith, Jonah Park, William Alpock, John Cowen, Henry Krist, John Emlej', John Krist, John Henery, William Beavei-s, Stephen Hoff, Nicholas Shipman, Michael Cypher, Joseph Osmun, William Critchfield, George Trimble, Leonard Ciitzer, John Bodine. ' 1766-92. — Joseph Snyder, Jacob Miller, John P. Lance, John Farns- worth, John Park, Ephraim Drake, Aaron Forman, Joseph Beavers, AdouijaU Fariisworth, Tunis Stull, AN'illiam Dilts, John Reed, Conrad Bnnn, George Timbler, Joseph Webster, Jr., John Armstrong, Henry Stelle (Stull?), Frederic Pickle, Benjamin Jameson, Benjamin Drake, William Wires, John Dilts, Jacob Shipman, Absalom llunyau, Christopher Skillman, Henry Rockafeller, John Dusenbury, John Brunson, Samuel Usselton, Peter Wyer, Samuel Huwell, Adam Wagoner, Chris- topher Teets, Jacob Teets, William Osmun, Jesse Dalrymple, William Murahau, John Rose, Garret Siecle, Matthias Woorts (Wurts?), Philip Stout, Paul Leonard, Alexander Davison, Samuel Poland, Edward Manning, Peter Young, Daniel Prig- more, Ephraim Drake, Fnlkert Fulkerson, Ghershom Martin, Thomas Biche (Richey?), Joseph Howell, Peter Snyder, John Smith, Jacob Homer, Peter Smith, John Perliers, Peter Emell, Daniel Polhemus, John Hoffman, Adam Apther (Apgar?), Philip Tomer, Tunis Hiller, Stephen Yard, Willi.am Schuyler, Benoni Heath. THE OPDTKE FAMILY. It is claimed by the Opdykes that the patriarch of their family in this country was Mynheer Gysbeet Opdtke, one of the early settlers of the Dutch col- ony on Manhattan Island. The marriage register of the collegiate church, under date of 164.3, records the marriage of Gysbert Opdyke, of Wesel, and Catharine Smith, of England. They had three sons, one of whom was Joshua. Some of his descendants after- wards removed to West Jersey, and are supposed to have located in Kingwood. The following is au out- line of the second to the seventh generations : Second and Third Generations. — Not ascertained. If Joshua Opdyke, of Kiiigwood, was a lineal descendant of the above-named Gysbert Opdyke, it is obvious that two generations at least must have intervened. In 1790, Joshua was a delegate from Kingwood Baptist Church to an Annual Association.* Assuming that he was seventy years old at that time, bis birth must have occurred in 1720, which would have been seventy-seven years after Gysbert's marriage. Fnurtft Gejieraiion.- Joshua Opdyke, supposed to have been a great- giandson of Gysbert, settled on the Biles tract, in Kingwood, a short distance northeast of Barbertown. From fleld-notes of a survey by Dr. John Bockhill, made in April, 1703, we learn that his farm bordered on Mud Eun, and was contiguous to that of Joshua Waterhouse. He married Anna, daughter of Samuel Green, who lived at one time near Juhnsonsburg (Log Jail), in Sussex County. He had three sons— Luther, Bichard, and Benjamin — and seven daughters. Flflh Seneroiion.— Luther Opdyke, son of Joshua, was born March 29, 17.')0. He married Euth Hall, by whom he had six sons— George, Dec. 6, 1773 ; Joseph, Feb. 22, 1775 ; Amos, Oct. 20, 1781 ; Luther, May 9, 1784 ; James, died young; Hall, Aug. 18, 1792— and two daughters,— Rebecca, N IV. 1, 1778, and Gertrude, Deo. 19, 1788. After the decease of his wife Ruth, he married a Mrs. Sinclair ; and after her death he married Mary Dalrymple. He lived many years in Kingwood, and then removed to Alexandria, in which he owned several farms. He was a justice of the peace for about fifty years. Eichard Opdyke, son of Joshua, married Grace Thatcher. They had twelve children. .SteWi Generation (Partial).- George Opdyke, son of Luther, lived in Kingwood. He had five sons- Joseph, George (mayor of New York), John, Horatio, Stont^-and four daughters,- Sarah, married Christie * See Minutes of Philadelphia Baptist Associalion. Little ; Gertrude, married Moses Heath ; Niincy, married John Scott ; and Fannie, married John Carrel. Joseph Opdyke, son of Luther, married Fannie, daughter of l^athaniel Britton, and had two sons — John B. and Luther — and one daughter, Hannah, married Samuel Calvin. Amos Opdyke, son of Luther, married Rebecca Bellis. They had four sons— Samuel, .\ng. 23, 1807 ; John Bellis, Oct. 4, 1812 ; Manning Force, July 24, 1810, died young; Sylvester Hill, June 22, 1828, died Oct. 21, 1880— and two daughters,— Elizabeth, June 20, 1821, and Phffibe, Nov. 28, 1824, died young. Amos Opdyke lived in Alexandria, near Everitts- town. Luther Opdyke, son of Luther, married Phosbe Bellis. They had five sons — Lewis, Isiuic, Amos, Samuel, and Sylvester — and three daughters, — Rebecca, Gertrude, married John Kipp, and Fannie. They lived near Evei-ittstown, in Alexandria, and about lS2o removed to Waterloo, Seneca Co., N. Y. Hall Opdyke, son of Luther, married Annie Hortman. They had four sons- Albert, Enoch, Samuel, and Levi— and four daughters, — Christiana, deceased ; Elizabeth, married Wholston Vanderbelt ; Mary, married Eunyon ; and Fannie, married Hiram Vancamp. They lived at Nissis- sackaway (Wilson's Mill), in Alexandria. Eichard Opdyke, son of Eichard, had three children,— Peter F., lately deceased; Selenda, married William Conner, removed to Illinois; and Deborah, married Sidney Yard, deceased. Eichard Opdyke lived in King- wood, near Barbertown. Seventh Generation iPiirtial). — John Opdyke, son of George, married Esther Little. They had four sons— Christie Little, George O., Stacy, and John Scott- and two daughters,— Eachel Little and Mary. They lived at Shiloh, Ohio. Horatio Opdyke, son of George, married Catharine, daughter of Thom.-Ls Eobeson. They have had eisht children,— Christie Osmun, John (de- ceased), Henrietta Race (deceased), Joseph, T-ncy Ann, Adelaide, Rachel (deceased), and Abraham Lincoln. They live in Kingwood. John Britton Opdyke, son of Joseph, married Emetine, daughter of William Eobeson. They had eight children,- Henry Holcomb (deceased), William E., Joseph, George, John,S.arah Robeson (married Lam- bert), Jane (married Locke), and Lizzie. John B. and his wife are both deceased. Luther Opdyke, son of Joseph, represented his district in the Legisla- tive Assembly in 1850 and 1851. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Little. They are both deceased. They left one son, Wilson. John Bellis Opdyke, son of Amos, has been married three times. His first wife was Nancy, daughter of Thomas Robeson. They had four sous —Samuel, June 17, 1832; Hiram Dalrymple, J.in. 21, 1835, a Methodist clergyman; Thomas Eobeson, Nov. 21, 1830; and Amos, April 29, 1841— and one daughter,— Mary Elizabeth, born Nov. 17, 1838. His secojid wife was Rachel, daughter of Tunis Eicke. They had one daughter, Eachel Ann, born Feb. 28, 1846. His third wife is Mary, daughter of John Case. They have two sons — Jeremiah W., Dec. 9, 1848, and Stan- ford, March 12, 1852- and one daughter, Celia, born Oct. 9, 1869. They live near Everittstown, in Alexandria township. Elizabeth Opdyke, daughter of Amos, and wife of Jeremiah Wright, has two children,— Sylvester H. and Mary Frances, wife of Eev. Wil- liam S. Galloway, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Eev. Sylvester Hill Opdyke, son of Amos, married Lizzie Morey, of Bloomfleld, 111. He left four children,— Livingston Atwood, diaries Pomeroy, George, and Florence. Mr. Opdyke gradiiated at Wesleyan University, and in theology at Union Theological Seminary. He held a prominent position in tlie ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He died at Newton, N. J., Oct. 21, 1880. Albert Opdyke, son of Hall, married a daughter of Tunis Eicke. She is deceased. He has several children of both sexes. He lives in Alex- andria, not far from Mount Pleasant. Enoch Opdyke, son of Hall, married a daughter of Thomas Cronce, and has several children. His wife is deceased. He lives at Everitts- town. Samuel Opdyke, son of Hall, married Emma HoUister. He died sev- eral years ago, leaving two sons. Eighth Generation (Pmiiai).- Samuel Opdyke, son of John Bellis Opdyke, married Mary Ann Queen, and lives in Mount Pleasant. Eev. Hiram D. Opdyke, son of John B., married Sarah Almenia New- man, and has three children,— Arthur, Ada, and Edmund Janes. Thomas E. Opdyke, son of John B., married Mary Sharp, and has three children,— Alice, Jay Sheridan, and Ella. Jeremiah W. Opdyke, son of John B., married Amelia M., daughter of Oliver Vescelius, of Fairmount, Tewksbury tow-nship, in this county. They have two children,- Bay and Edna. They live in Frenchtown. 418 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. Stanford Opdyke, son of John B., married Emily Caroline, daughter of Jacob Henry. They have two children, — Mary and Gj^sbert. They live in Alexandria, near Everittstown . THE CASE FAMIIY. John Case lived and died on a farm now occupied by John L. Case, near Clover Hill, in this county. He had ten children, — five sons and five daughters. The sons were William, John, Jacob, Peter, and God- frey ; the daughters, Mary, Elizabeth, Margaret, Charity, and Catharine. The descendants are : Second Generation. — Jacob Case, aon of the foregoing John, had two eone, — Anthony L. and John L., — and also daughters. He lived on the homestead after his father's decease. John Case lived near his brother .Tacob, and had sons and daughtere. William Case lived in Alexandria, and had three sons — John, Chnsto- pher, and Mahlon — and two daughters, — Mary, wife of Daniel Marsh, and Margaret, wife of Levi Mettler. Peter Case lived in Alexandria, and had three sons — Daniel, Henry, and Godfrey— and one daughter, EUmbeth. Godfrey Case lived in Alex.andria, and had two sons — Levi and John — and four daughters,— Mary, wife of William Drake ; Margaret, wife of William Besson; Catliarine, wife of Spencer Alpangh; and Susan, wife of Henry Eckel. {William, Petei-, and Godfrey lived near one another on the road from Everittstown to Milford.) Mary Case uiarrietl Peter Blnom, who lived near Mount Pleasant. Elizabeth Case lived in Bethlehem township, and left a son and two daughters. Margaret Ciuse married David Stem, who lived in Warren Co., N. J., liiar Easton. She left sons and daughters. Charity Case married Lewis Rope, who lived in Pennsylvania, not far from Easton. She left sons. Catharine Case married John Case, a distant relative, who lived near Pattenburg, in this county. She left three sons,- Henry, Godfrey, and John. Third Generalbn.—John Case, son of the foregoing Godfrey, and grand- Bon of John, — to whom we are indebted for much of the material of this sketch,— married Eliza, daughter of Elijah Bittenhouse, and has three sous,— Elijah B. Case, C.E., Levi W. Case, A.M., M.D., and Joseph Case. He lives at Case's Saw-Mill. Levi Case married a daughter of Jacob Bunn, and has one son— Whit- field— and two daughters,— Elizabeth and Lucy. He lives on the home- stead-farm, near Milford. Margaret Case (deceased), wife of William Besson, had two sons— John Besson, attorney-at-law, Hoboken, N. J., and Samuel Austin Besson, A.M., attorney-at-law, Jersey City, N. J.— and three daughters,— Elizabeth, Hannah (deceased), and Frances. Catharine Case, wife of Spencer Alpaugh.has three daughters,- Mary, Adella, and Camella. Tliey live at Little York, in this county. Susan Case, wife of Henry Eckel, has one daughter,- Lydia, wife of Dr. William Kice, of Trenton, N. J. Henry Eckel and wife live at Frenchtown, N. J. Godfrey Case (deceased), son of Peter and grandson of John, married Sallie, daughter of Daniel Curtis. They had four children,- Samuel, Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Worthington, Peter, and Mary M.artha, wife of Mathis. Henry Case (deceased), son of Peter, married Torhis. They had two sons,— Vorhis and Wliitficld. John Case (deceased), son of William and grandson of John, was mar- ried twice. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Hoff. By this marriage they had three sons— William, John F., and Jeremiah H. —and three daughters,— Mary, wife of .lohn B. Opdyke; Anne, wife of Jonathan Kugler; and Elizabeth, wife of William Wilson. His second wife was Amy, daughter of William Hoff. By this marriage they had one son— Eli— and two daughters,— Catharine, wife of Holloway H. Hewitt, and Margaret, wife of Wilson Silverthorn. Christopher Case (deceased), son of William, had two wives,— Catharine Eupel, by whom he had one son, -William, and Case, by whom he had one daughter, Annie, and three sons, George, Peter, and Christopher. THE ECKEL FAMILY. Heineich Haeckel came from Germany about 1750, and settled at Hellertown, Pa. The name soon became corrupted to Eckel. A son of his, John Eckel, married Mary Harpell, in Pennsylvania, and about 1780 came to Alexandria and settled on the farm at Mount Pleasant on which Jacob Eckel, a great- grandchild, now resides. John and Mary had five children, — Henry, Philip, John, Mary, and Hannah. Henry Eckel, son of John, Jiad nine children, — Aaron, John, Eliza, Fanny, Peter, Mary Ann, Henry, Samuel, and George. Philip died young ; John had seven children, — Samuel C, Sarah, Jordan, Hannah, Selinda, Amaudus, and Elizabeth; Mary married Isaac Mathews, of West Amwell, in this county ; Hannah married Pierson Baker, of Mercer County. Peter Eckel, son of Henry and' grandson of John, married Sarah Welch, by which marriage there were two daughters, — Elizabeth and Ellen. After her de- cease he married Emma, daughter of David and Eliz- abeth Eiockafeller. They had two children, — Laura J. and P. Judson Eckel. They live in Alexandria. Henry Eckel, son of Henry, married Susan, daugh- ter of Godfrey Case. They had two children, — Lydia and Levi. They live in Frenchtown. CIVIL LIST. This list is necessarily imperfect, as earnest search and persistent inquiry fails to develop any of the town records farther back than the year 1860. CHOSEN FREEHOLDEKS. 1766-70, William Everitt; 176G-74, Henry Stoll; 1774, John Emley; 177.5, John Emley, Henry Stoll ; 1784, Henry Stoll (moderator), ; 1787-89, John Brink, William Lowry; 1790, Thomas Lowry, John Brink; 1791, Thomas Lowry, John Emley; 1792, Thomas Lowry, Adam Leonard; 1793, Thomas Lowry, Joseph Chamberlain; 1794, Thomas Lowry, Benjamin Wright ; 1795-96, Heniy Gulick, Benja- min Wright ;■* 1800, David Everitt, William Godley. We are indebted to William T. Srope, Esq., for the following list of officers, copied from his private col- lection of historical material : TOWN COMMITTEES. 1841-43, Willi.amVliet; 1841, Robins Smith, William W. Case; 1841-43, Jonas Thatcher; 1841, James Dalrymple; 1S42-43, Jonathan Pickel, William Fleming, Solomon Weider; 1861, John E. Case; 1861-.54, John H. SincLair, Henry Kels ; 1861-59, George Hice ; 1851-52, Wil- liam S. Hartpence ; 1852-53, John Slater ; 1853-58, Peter A. Bloom ; 1863-54, Peter Eckel ; 1855-56, John Kugler; 1855, Levi Case, Moses Eohhins; 1S57, Cornelius Hoff, John Weider; 1858-69, Joseph Ilyers; 1859-07, Benjamin Wright ; 1869-60, Bateman Stout ; 18-59, Christopher Stariier ; ISGO, Francis B. Hager, Jonathan Kugler, Benjamin G. Pursell; 1861, William H. Dawes, Joseph C. Wright; 1862-75, William Bunn; 1862-76, George W. Bonnell; 1862, David McCrea; 1863-72, John Weider; 1863-66, Baltis Pickel; 1868-71, Charles Shuler; 1808-70, Jacob Hager; 1868-69, Richard Bloom; 1871-73, James M. Duckworth ; 1872, Philip S. Hawk ; 1873, Samuel Willson, Jacob Bunn; 1874-80, William J. Duckworth; 1874-77, Daniel R. Hill ; 1876-77, Aaron Matthews; 1877-79, Samuel Stout; 1877-78, Charles Bockafeller; 1878, John Cole, George W. Hager; 1879-80, Hiram W. Cronce; 1880, Samuel B. Dalrymple. TOWN CLERKS. 1841-48, Wholston Vanderbelt ; 1849, Jonathan Pickel ; 1850, Wholstcin Vanderhelt; 1861-62, Henry F. Vannortwick; 1853, William C. Al- pangh; 1864, Hiomas A. Runyan; 18.55-66, Peter Cole; 1867-69, James H. Murphy; 1860, Aaron Matthews; 1861, James' N. Hice; « The chosen freeholders from 1800 to 1880 are given on page 264 of this work, to which the reader is referred. ALEXANDRIA. 419 1862-63, Peter C. Bloom ; 1864, MoaeB K. Everitt ; 1865-66, James H. Murphy; 1867, James N. Hice ; 1868-75, Charles Alpaugh ; 1876-80, William fionnell. ASSESSORS. 1840-41, Jonathan Piokel ; 1842-43, George V. Alpaugh ; 1860, Samuel Stout; 1851, Wholston Vanderbelt ; 1852-53, Lemuel B. Myers; 1854, William A. Huff; 1865-58, Samuel Stout; 1869-61, Joseph M. Pickel ; 1862-64, Cliarles Alpaugh; 1865-67, Aaron Matthews; 1868-70, Thomas E. Opdyfce; 1871-73, William Bonnell ; 1874-76, Andrew J. McCrea; 1877-80, William D. Bloom. COLLECTOES. J 841-43, George Hice; 1850, George G. Lunger; 1851-52, John B. Op- dylce ; 1863, Aaron Root ; 1854-56, Matthias Bunn ; 1867-59, Peter ■Cole ; 1860-62, James H. Murphy ; 1863-69, Charles Warford ; 1870- 72, John Hackett ; 1873, Charles Warford ; 1874-75, Thomas R. Op- dyke ; 1876-80, William T. Bloom. SCHOOLS. " Old Churck" District (No. 31) is one of the oldest in the present limits of the county. The school-house stood originally on a lot situated on the corner now occupied by Joseph Everitt, in Frantlin township. The lot contained half an acre of land, and helonged to the farm which John Emley, Sr., had bought, March, 1737, of Robert Strettel, of Philadelphia, and conveyed, Jan. 1, 1755, to his son, Elisha Emley. We have an old lease for this lot, found among the papers of Jacob Kace, Sr., deceased, from Elisha Emley to John Emley, Sr., John Emley, Jr., Jacob Large, Robert Large, Harm anus Kester, and James Willson, bearing date May 1, 1756, the language of which implies unequivocally that a school-house, as well as " habitation" for a teacher, had already been built. How long they had been in use we can only conjecture, but we feel assured that the inhabitants provided school privileges for their children as soon as practicable after settling in the neighborhood. This was about 1730. In an old account-book of Dr. Samuel Willson's, under date of 1752, we find two charges against " William Rennels" and "Rennels the schoolmaster," from which we infer that William Reynolds was the teacher at that time. Towards the close of the century William Bradreth, familiarly spoken of in the tradi- tions of fifty years ago as " Old Bradreth," taught there; after him, "Old Master (William) Teeple." After Teeple, Miss Sarah Curtis taught. She is still living, the widow of Samuel Stout, and mother of Bateman Stout. The lease for one square chain of this school lot was renewed June 18, 1799. It was given by Jacob Race, who then owned the farm to which it belonged, to Samuel Kester, Samuel Willson, Thomas Hoff, Benjamin Kester, Ichabod Oliver, Samuel Stout, William Large, William Quick, William Brewer, George Fritts, John Large, John Little, Robert Little, Samuel Webster, Joseph Webster, and John Hull, in " consideration of the sum of sixty cents." The lease was for sixty years. The writer remembers accompanying an elder sister one day to the school-house when Miss Sarah Curtis was teacher. It was of logs, and stood thirty or forty yards from the road-corner. This must have been in 1818. In 1806 there seems to have been disaffection to- wards the school, or its location, for there was an at- tempt to open another in the part of the district where the present house stands. We have a school-teacher's " article," binding the teacher, Elijah Allen, to teach school for six months, " in the Old Church adjoining Cornwall Farm," for $3.50 per quarter for each scholar. The subscribers' names appended pledged 19 scholars. It is not probable this school was ever taught, for the $11 a month was insufficient pay, and there is nothing said in the subscription about "boarding 'round." In 1818 the school-house was removed to its present site, near St. Thomas' church. The teachers, after the removal of the house, as far as known by the writer, were Peter Lennard, John Risler, and James Hughes. Hiram Hubby, from Massachusetts, taught four quarters ; then Peter Lennard again, followed by Patrick I. Quirk, Asher Bonham, Jacob Bloom, Wil- liam A. HuflF, George Elicott, David Rittenhouse, Emley Bellis, John L. Tinsman, Henrietta Ambler, Ruth Elizabeth Robeson, and several others whose names cannot be ascertained. The writer began the "pursuit of knowledge" at this old log school-house in his sixth summer. The benches were made of slabs, and had no backs. We were kept in school eight hours a day, including two recesses of fifteen minutes each, and had two hours " noonspell." In 1860 the old log house gave way to the present building, which is a good, substantial structure. The teachers whose names are remembered are Jeremiah O. Hoff", now a practicing physician, Miss Catharine Rittenhouse, Joseph P. Stout, Holloway W. Bellis, and Miss S. Jennie Sutton. The trustees are John L. Tinsman, district clerk, Joseph P. Stout, and Sylvester Dalrymple ; number of children, 50 ; public money, $315.37. In "Pittstown District" (No. 30) the first school of which we have any reliable knowledge was kept in an old building directly in the rear of the present hotel. This building was in a state of advanced dilapidation. Where the school was previously kept is not known. Rev. John Hanna, who came to Pittstown in 1761, sometimes had a number of pupils under his instruc- tion, but never, as we ai-e aware of, a district school. Steven Albro was the first, so far as learned, who taught in the old house. James Hughes was teacher in 1813 ; then came Nathan Wakefield. In 1822 a house was built near the cross-roads east of Pittstown, on land belonging to Edward A. Rock- hill, Esq. Nathan Wakefield was the first teacher in the new house, then Sela Hanford, Jacob Pittenger, Jacob Bloom, Robert Mickel, Patrick I. Quirk, Mar- garet Opdyke, and William Loder. In 1832 or 1833 another house was built, on land of Mr. Larason Stryker, on the west side of the Hickory Road, one mile from the village. The trustees at the 420 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. time this house was erected were Moses A. Taylor, Jacob Stires, and John Trimmer. The teachers were "William Grant, James Pine, George Slack, Thomas Thomas, • Tozier, Washington Hope, William Godley, Dewees, William Kennedy, William E. Mattison, now a physician in New Brunswick, N. J., Jacob Race, and Isabella Probasco. In 1854 the present building was erected, at a cost of $800. It is a frame, 21 by 34 feet. The teachers have been William B. Labaw, now a physician ; Pliram B. Opdyke, now a Methodist clergyman ; Oli- ver H. Huffman, Esq., a graduate of Eutger.i College; Oran Landers, Edwin Combs, Nathan Solomon, 0. Herbert Sproul, now a physician at Stockton, in this county ; John Fleming, Miss Lydia Frace, William T. Stires, Miss Esther Dalrymple, George N. Best, 1869, now a physician at Eosemont, in this county ; Miss Esther Dalrymple, 1869 ; Sylvester H. Wright, Miss Susan E. Burd, 1870; George N. Best, Miss Susan E. Burd, Erastus S. Bloom, 1871 ; Miss Kate Miley, 1872; Miss Susan E. Burd, 1873; Miss Mary W. Lippincott, 1874; Miss Emily McCrea, 1875; Julius Johnson, Jos. S. Fauss, 1876 ; Miss Annie B. Cregar, 1877 ; Julius Johnson, Miss S. Jennie Sutton, 1878 ; Miss Sadie A. Banghart, 1879 ; HoUoway W. Bellis, 1879-80. The present trustees are John Probasco, district clerk. Beavers Fritts, and William Young. There are 81 scholars in the district between the ages of five and eighteen, and the public money is $324.91. The history of " Little York," No. 24, dates back to 1809. William A. Huff, Esq., now deceased, in a letter to Eev. C. S. Conkling, copied in his centennial report, says, — " About 1809 the people of Little York conceived the idea of organ- izing a school for that neighborhood, bnt they had no house. In looking aro\ind they found an old deserted building, on what was called the Hyde lot. This was fitted up as a school-house, and William Lee, au .aged Irishman, employed .is teacher. I was one of liis pupils. Soon, how- ever, measures were taken for the erection of a school-building. Mathias Alpaugh gave the land, some g.ave money, some material, and others contributed labor. In the latter part of 1810 the new building, which stood near Wright's {or Globe) Mills was occupied. The trustees were Benjamin Wright, William Alpaugh, and Mathias Aipaugh." A second house was erected in 1825, a frame, 20 by 24 feet. Esquire Huff taught there in 1825. The present building was erected in 1855, is of two stories, 24 by 36 feet, although only one floor has been occu- pied by the school. The first house in Winchel's Grove, No. 29, was of logs, roofed with straw, and was fifteen feet square. The second house was erected in 1832, and the third in 1856. The latter is 20 by 30 feet, and is in good repair, having been refitted in 1874. It will seat 50 scholars.* We are indebted to Peter M. Mechling for the following list of teachers and trustees. Teach- ers : Jacob Pittenger, George Elicott, Jemima Atkin- son, Solomon Vredenhurg, William Keifer, William Hackett, Jeremiah HoflF, Daniel M. Mathews, Ocran « Kev. C. S. Conkling. Eace, Timothy AVinchel, John Griffith, Euhamie Brewer, Clara Bonhani, Peter M. Mechling, Schug, Benjamin F. Severs, William Hoppaugh, and John Y. Eupell. Trustees : Albert Opdyke, William Eoberts, Isaac Hiner, John Hackett, Dewitt C. Ed- monds, John Sheridan, Simon Cooley, Ealph H. Dal- rymple, Abner Cooley, and David H. Butler. Num- ber of children, 52; public money, $315.99. An old lady, Mrs. Sarah Pittenger, stated to Eev. Mr. Conkling that she had attended school in Ever- ittstown. No. 28, about 1785, in a log school-house one mile northeast of Everittstown, and that it was an old building at that time. It is possible that it stood near what was known as Boss' tan-yard as far back as 1776, and that from it sprang the two districts of Everittstown and Winchel's Grove.f We learn from Mrs. Annie Opdj'ke, aged eighty-two, who has always lived in the neighborhood, that a school-house was built in 1818 between Jeremiah Wright's (for- merly Amos Opdyke's) gate and the brook, a few yards distant. This house stood ten years, and was removed to ground now belonging to Samuel McPherson, a quarter of a mile east of the village. This ground was leased of Cornelius Lake for ninety-nine years. The house was frame, 20 feet square. The trustees at that time were Godfrey Hiner, Cornelius Lake, and Wesley Johnson. In 1858 the present house was built. It is 22 by 35 feet, and will seat 50 pupils. About 1820 a school-house was built in Union School District at "Case's Hollow," about two miles from Everittstown, on the road from that place to Milford. Andrew Eace taught there in 1822. In 1838 or 1839 the district erected a house on the corner of the road leading from Everittstown to Frenohtown, and it superseded the former. In 1855 it was removed to "Shuster's Hollow," and the district was called "Union District." In 1875 it was discontinued by action of the county superintendent. CHURCHES. ST. THOMAS' CHURCH OF ALEXANDRIA. St. Thomas' Church is believed to be the oldest in the present limits of the county. The Eev. John Talbot, missionary of St. Mary's Church at Burling- ton, — as we learn by a letter of his to the secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in For- eign Parts, — visited this section in September, 1723, and found the people preparing to erect a house of worship. Previous to the setting off" of Bethlehem township, in 1728, Amwell formed "the northernmost and utter- most bounds" of Hunterdon County. The first church stood on the south side of the road, nearly opposite the present one. It was probably a frame building, for a girder and other timbers in the present house contain mortises and other evidences of having been previously used. t Ibid. ALEXANDRIA. 4-'l It is not probable the builders of this " forest sanc- tuary" were favored for several years with the regular services of a minister, for there were but few then in the colonies. It is presumable they met for worship, and were favored as often as practicable with the vis- its of ministers from Burlington, Hopewell, Elizabeth- town, Newark, Woodbridge, and Amboy. But few of the early records can now be found. We have an old manuscript, for which we are indebted to the courtesy of Mrs. Cornelia L. Hay, of Somerset Junction, Mercer Co., a granddaughter of Rev. Wil- liam Frazer, and a great-granddaughter of Rev. Colin Campbell, rector of St. Mary's Church of Burlington in 1734. This paper is without date, and purports to be a memorial addressed by the vestry and wardens of St. Thomas' Church to Rev. Mr. Moreton, their min- ister, expressive of their sj^mpathy and encourage- ment under the political persecutions he had suffered. We learn from the Fulham MSS., copied into the Episcopal Historical Society's collections, that Rev. Andrew Moreton was licensed by the Bishop of Lon- don for missionary service in New Jersey, March 17, 1760. The names of the vestrymen and wardens appended to the paper referred to are* William Lowrey, Thomas Harris, Jeremiah Thatcher, John Crawford, William Thatcher, Constantine O'Neill, George Birkhead, Jr., Andrew Crawford, John Roat, John Taylor, Jr., John Taylor, George Birkhead, Richard Crooks, Philip Grandin, Mansfield Hunt, Jonah Park. The principal proprietors of the West Jersey Land Society's great tract contributed to the pecuniary sup- port of the minister, as we learn from the following : " Wheeeas, The subacriliers being desirous in assisting to establish tiie Gospel in Amwell and Kingwood Churches, I have desired John Emley, Attorney for the Purchasers of the Society's Great Tract, to pay unto the Church Wardens the sum of Ten Pound, yearly, during the continuance of this present Minister, which sum is to be paid out of the Society's Bents as followeth — viz. : lord Stirling £1 6s. 8rf. John Stevens 3 6 8 James Parker 2 Ex's of A. Johnston 16 8 McBvers 13 4 Marston, ~| Henry Cuyler, y 1 Jacob Ludlow, on, ~| ler, y.. OW,J 10 " Witness my hand this 4th of October, Anno Domi. 1766. " Jno. Stevens." Dec. 4, 1768, John Grandin, Esq., in behalf of the wardens, informed John Emley, the attorney of the society's purchasers, that £10 was " more than they wanted," — a noteworthy statement, — and an appor- tionment was then made for £8. Half-yearly receipts are appended for each year until Nov. 22, 1773. These are signed by John Grandin, Philip Grandin, or Jon- athan Forman, on the part of the vestry. From this paper we learn that the same minister officiated at both St. Thomas' church of Kingwood and St. An- drew's of Amwell. * A space, large enough for two names, is lost by wear ; the name of William Lowrey is so indistinct as to be uncertain. The Rev. William Frazer succeeded Mr. Moreton. In 1768 he took charge of the two churches of King- wood and Amwell and a third at a place he calls Musconetcong, 28 miles north of the former. In a letter to Rev. Dr. Benton, of London, describing his missionary field, he writes that there were thirty fam- ilies at Kingwood, but no suitable church edifice, pub- lic worship having to be celebrated in private houses. We have a manuscript sermon of Mr. Frazer's for which we are indebted to Mrs. Hay, to which is pre- fixed, in his handwriting, this statement : " Preached at Kingwood on Friday, 11th Nov., 1768, being the day appointed for the congregation to meet in order to fix on a place where to build a new church." It was at this meeting decided to erect a stone building on the opposite side of the road from the former. The road is the line between Kingwood and Alexandria townships. The land belonged to Lewis Stevens, Esq., and was a part of Cornwall farm. The new house was not completed for several years. Rev. Mr. Frazer labored until the breaking out of the Revolutionary war. After peace was declared he returned, reopened his churches, and resumed his ministerial labors. He died in 1795, aged fifty-two. After Mr. Frazer, Rev. George Woodruff, from Trenton, preached at St. Thomas' bi-weekly. The Rev. Clarkson Dunn, from Newton, N. J., succeeded him. There was a period of several years early in the present century when regular services were entirely suspended. The membership had become small, and there was probably no vestry, for the house and grounds were badly neglected. In 1822 the house was thoroughly repaired, and re- ligious services were resumed under the ministry of Rev. Mr. I)ouglas, of New Brunswick, N. J. A Sunday-school was conducted by Miss Margaret Op- dyke and the Misses Susan and Mary Forman. Bishop Croes officiated occasionally. After Mr. Douglas came Rev. Mr. Jaques, followed by Rev. William C. Crane on alternate Sundays for two or three years (1836-38). After Prof. Crane retired services were conducted for several years by James R. Dunham, of Clinton, who afterwards, we have understood, became a li- censed minister. In 1845, Rev. Mr. Adams took charge of St. Thomas', Clinton, and Flemington, re- siding at the latter place. Rev. Mr. Jaques suc- ceeded to Mr. Adams. After him. Rev. Mr. Fergus officiated for a year or two, and retired. There was then a suspension of services for about ten years, the house being considered unfit for use. During part of this period the Rev. Dr. Boggs, from New Brunswick, N. J., preached in the school-house at Pittstown. In 1875-76, chiefly through the liber- ality and under the direction of Hon. Frederic A. Potts, of Pittstown, the house was thoroughly re- paired. The Rev. Edwin K. Smith, of Lambertville, is the present pastor, and there is a fair prospect of a per- I manent organization. 412 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Inside the church, near the chancel, is a tahlet mem- orative of Lewis Stevens, whose willing hands helped to raise these walls. In front, by the side of the path that leads to the entrance, side by side, as if in mar- tial rank, repose six heroes of the Revolution. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH OF EVEEITTSTOWN.* This church was organized in 1817, under the pas- torate of the Rev. George Banghart, who had Rev. Richard N. Petherbridge as his colleague. In 1825, under the pastorate of the Rev. Benjamin Collins, a house of worship was erected. The trustees at this time were Amos Opdyke, Samuel Bellis, Uriah Bellis, Reuben Lee, and Isaac Hartpence. The names of the successive pastors who have offi- ciated on this charge are : 1824-25, Benjamin Collins; 1826, Isaac Winner, Anthony Atwood ; 1827- 28, Jolin Finley, John K. Shaw; 1829-30, William H. Wiggins, Abra- ham Gearliart ; 1831, Pharaoh Ogden, Francis A. Morrel ; 1832. Joseph McCool, A. K. Street; 1833-34, Jacob HeavencJer; 1836-36, Abraham Gearliart, B. N. Keed, Eichard Lanniug; 1837-38, Jacob Heavender, James M. Tuttle; 1839, James M. Tuttle, L. E. Dunn; 1840, William Hanley, James White ; 1S41, A. K. Street ; 1842, Joseph GaskiU; 1843-44, Zerubbabel Gaskill ; 1846^6, Abram M. Palmer ; 1847-48, Thomaa T. Campfleld ; 1849-50, D. W. Decker ; 1851-62, Kod- ney Winans, Jacob Horner; 1863, Cnrtis Tally ; 1854-55, J.J. Sleeper; 1886-67, W. W. CbriBtine ; 1S58-59, John S. Coit ; 1860-61, W. W, Voor- hees, C. P. De Camp ; 1862-G3, J. P. Daily ; 1864, William E. Blakeley ; 1865-66, Henry J. Hay ter ; 1867-68, William S. Galoway ; 1869, A. H. Bellis; 1870, J. E. Stratton; 1871-72, William H. Euth ; 1S73, William H. McBride ; 1874-75, H. Bice ; 1876, James W. Hartpence ; 1877-78, A. G. Miller ; 1879, E. S. Jamison : 1880, 1. W. Cole. The present trustees are Hiram Cronce, Isaac Man- ning, John F. Case, Samuel Stout, Thomas Cronce, Isaac J. Snyder, and Nathan Seal. From this church have originated several others, — the Methodist Episcopal Church of Quakertown, that of Frenchtown, of Milford, and of Little York. At this time (1880) the subject of erecting a new church edifice in Everittstown is under consideration. MOUNT SALEM METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH is located about two miles northwest of Pittstown, on the Hickory Road, — the dividing line between Alex- andria and Union townships. About 1838 a society was organized in that neighborhood, and met for wor- ship at private houses. The Rev. Manning Force encouraged this little band to build a church. David Dilts, a man of some prominence in the community, offered to give the land for the church lot. He also circulated a subscription for necessary funds. Amos Opdyke, Daniel Jones, Thomas Mechling, and Rev. Robert Smith, a local preacher, co-operated with him. A title for the land having been obtained and a requi- site sum of money subscribed, a building committee, consisting of Rev. Manning Force, Daniel Jones, and Rev. Robert Smith, was appointed. The house was a plain structure, 23 by 33 feet. It was completed and dedicated, free from debt, in 1846. The name Mount Salem was given to it by the pastor in charge * We are nnder obligations to the pastor in charge, Eev. I. W. Cole, for the facts here embodied. at its dedication. Rev. Mr. Force, in compliment to David Dilts, and in allusion to " David's mount of old." It was connected with Clinton Circuit, which at that time comprised several churches. Among the pastors of that period were Revs. George Banghart, John Fort, E. H. Stokes, Charles E. Walton, David Graves, J. C. McCormick, J. N. Crane, Samuel M.. Stiles, John F. Dodd, and M. M. Fogg, a supply. In the spring of 1858, by authority of the Newark Con- ference, Mount Salem Church was associated witJi Union, Norton, and Pattenburg Churches. This ar- rangement was continued till 1864, when it was dis- connected from these and associated with Quakertown Church. From the period of its organization the congrega- tion and the membership gradually increased. In a few years the house was too small to accommodate the people, and a larger one was deemed necessary. In 1864 a new board of trustees was elected, consisting- of Hiram Mechling, Hiram Stout, "William Taylor, John H. Cooley, Henry Maxwell, Thomas Mechling, and William McClary, and funds were raised for the enterprise. A building committee, composed of Rev.. J. B. Heward, pastor in charge, John H. Cooley, and William Taylor, was appointed. The contract was. taken by Eli Bosenbury, of Clinton, and by the close of the year the new house was completed. The edifice- presents a neat and pleasing appearance. Its size is 36 by 52 feet, with ceiling 20 feet high. Its cost was- $3600. It was dedicated in February, 1865. Its pas- tors since that period have been : 1864-05, Rev. J. B. Heward; 1866-68, Eev. Mathew F. Swaim; 1860-70, Eev. J. Mead; 1871-73, Rev. PetPr D. Day ; 1874-76, Rev. G. W. Hor-" ton; 1877-7S, Rev. Daniel Halleron; 1879, Rev. Thomas E. Goidon-, 1880-81, Eev. Charles E. Walton. THE OHEISTIAN CHURCH OF LITTLE YORKf is an outgrowth of the Milford Christian Church, as. will be seen by the following extracts from the records : "At a regular Quarterly Meeting of the First Christian Cliurch in Milford, holden in their house of worship, on the fii-st day of January, 1842, the following resolution was introduced and tmaniniously adopted: " liesnli'edj That tliis church approve the organization of such of its- members as reside in the vicinity of Finesville and Pattenburg into branches of this church, that they may conduct monthly fellowship, and other social religious meetings among themselves, receive and labor with their members ; but not in such a manner as to set aside or in any way to interfere with their particular membership with this church. "Agreeably to the above resolution, the members residing in the vicinity of Pattenburgh were properly organized and acknowledged a Branch of the First Christian Church in Milford on this 24th day of Feby., 1842, by Elder I. C. Goff. " Rev. -Wm. Bradley, Preacher in charge. •'John C. Wagoner, C/ej-fc. "George G. Lunger, ISeasiLrer." In 1844 they built a plain, substantial stone church,, about 54 by 32 feet, costing about S4000, and appointed Nathan Dawes, Higgons Harrison, Joseph Hoppock,, T. P. Forman, and G. V. Alpaugh trustees. June 22, 1850, the Pattenburg branch of the Milford Christian Church was constituted an independent t W^e are indebted to John W. Queen, Esq., for this historical sketch. ALEXANDRIA. 423 organization, to be known as the " Christian Church of Little York, Hunterdon Co., N. J. ;" number of members, 63 ; Pastor, Eev. O. E. Morrill ; Clerk, Isaac Y. Fitzer ; subsequently added, 97 ; but by declensions, removals, and deaths the number has become much reduced. Present Pastor, K. B. Eldridge; Clerk, E. S. Hoppock; Trustees, Joseph Hoppock, Jonas Godown, John W. Queen. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. Everitt's Mill, Everittstown. — We find Ev- eritt's Mill mentioned in a survey of a road made in 1759, leading from Calvin's Ferry, on the Delaware River,* to the former place. And in 1766, in a re- survey made by Dr. John Eockhill, of the farm southwest of the present village, including the ground now occupied by it, it is spoken of as having been previously conveyed by deed from James Parker to Samuel and William Everitt. There was no village at that time, and the site of the mill was probably in- cluded in the purchase. A principal thoroughfare, leading from Hoif 'sf to Durham Ferry, passed by this mill. This and the road leading to the river at Cal- vin's Ferry were among the earliest in this section. Samuel Everitt was an ensign in Capt. Groendyke's company. Second Hunterdon Eegiment. The farm is described as "the same Plantation Whereon John Dilts now Dwells," and the house is located, on the draught accompanying the survey, a few yards from the corner, at the junction of the Frenchtown road. There was a blacksmith-shop there also. The property remained in possession of the Everitt family until about the beginning of the present cen- tury, when it passed into the hands of Abram La Rue. His son Isaac built the hotel, and also an oil-mill below the village. His successor was Samuel Case, the father of Dr. Henry Holcombe's wife. The old mill — probably the second on that site — was taken down in 1855, and the present one, a large and expen- sive structure, erected in its place by Dr. Holcombe. The village has, in addition, a post-oflfice, a school- house, two store-houses, one tavern, one blacksmith- shop, one tailor-shop, an'd about twenty-five dwell- ings. Palmyra is one mile east of Everittstown. How it came by its classic name we have never learned. Many years ago, in colonial times, when there was no public-house at Everitt's Mill, nor anywhere else in that section, a man by the name of Samuel Powers — so we are told by Mr. Charles Van Camp — built a log house at that place and kept tavern in it. Powers was a blacksmith, and had a shop also. The militia- trainings were held there for some years. After Powers the tavern was kept by Henry Apgar, and, about ] 770 to near 1800, by Samuel Arnwine. Precisely when the first log house was replaced by a better one we * Frenchtown. f Pittstiiwn. cannot ascertain. Early in this century the tavern was kept by Peter Slout, then by Eli Hoppock. About 1830, Hoppock was succeeded by Peter Slout, the former occupant. The house of this period is re- membered by the writer : it was one story, of stone. After Slout, it was kept for a year or two by John Trimmer. It was then purchased and kept by Charles Van Camp, present proprietor. About 1840-50 it was occupied by Elijah Mettler, son-in-law of Van Camp. Since that period it has not been used as a public- house. Charles Van Camp, the present proprietor of Pal- myra, is an aged citizen of about ninety-three. He is of Eevolutionary stock by both parents. His grand- father, John Van Campen, was a drummer, belonging to the State troops in the Eevolutionary service, and his maternal grandfather was Joshua Furman, a pri- vate in the same service, in Capt. Tucker's company, etc. Van Campen lived and died where G. Washing- ton Hoflf now lives, near St. Thomas' church, and Furman spent his later years and died where John S. Burd now lives, in the same neighborhood. NiSHiSACKAWAYt is a hamlet and grist-mill, one mile east of Everittstown. A saw-mill was first erected by Luther Opdyke in 1798. The following year he built a grist-mill. The old stone dwelling was erected in 1800. Hall Opdyke succeeded to the proprietorship on the death of his father. After his decease, in 1844, it was purchased by Wholston Van- derbelt, who in 1846 built the present mill. It now belongs to John M. Wilson, together with the other buildings which comprise the hamlet. It is on a branch of the Nishisackaway Creek, from which it took its name. Mount Pleasant is a thrifty-looking village, sit- uated about equidistant from the northeast and southwest corners of the township, and on the west- ern boundary adjoins Holland. The general and township elections are held here. The village has a post-ofiice, two stores, a mill, tavern, blacksmith- shop, and wheelwright-shop. There is a Presbyterian church in the upper part. Opposite is a large and carefully-kept cemetery. The church is on the Hol- land side of the township line. The grist-mill is the second in that locality. The first was built of logs, in colonial times, by John Sherrerd, or Shered. The one now standing was erected about 1838, by John Warne and John Eckel. It is on a branch of the Hakeahawka. Little York is located on. one of the branches of the Wissahawken Crsek, in the northwestern part of the township. It has three churches,' — Methodist, , Presbyterian, and Unitarian, — two stores, two mills, one tavern, two blacksmith-shops, and one wheel- wright-shop. This village was so named about 1828. For some time previous, we are informed by Mr. John Apgar, J Wilson's Mill. 424 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. it was kuowii as "Pokano." It acquired this unique cognomen from tlie incident of a fireman by the name of Hicks, employed in Joseph King's distillery, taking a hot poker from his furnace and striking the Irish workmen on their noses as a punishment. HICKORY TAVERN. March 7, 1767, John Stevens and James Parker, by their attorney, John Emley, leased to John Farns- worth and Adonijah Farnsworth 150 acres, "includ- ing 50 of clear land," for the term of seven years, for the rent of five shillings a year. The tenants, in addition to the five shillings' rent, agreed " to build a Good Logg house 28 foot by 22, a good Cellar under the Whole to be Walled with Stones ; build a good Kit- chen, ... a good Logg Barn and Stables," etc. This "Logg house" was the first Hickory Tavern. The signboard was fastened up in a hickory-tree ; hence the name. July 24, 1769, " John Farnsworth, of the township of Alexandria, tavernkeeper," sold his lease of the " New Hickory Tavern" to Spencer Carter, of the township of Lebanon, for £81. About 1800 the log building was superseded by a large frame house, which was erected for a tavern by Peter Van Syckel. He kept it until his death Feb 12, 1830. Peter Van Syckel's son succeeded his father for about two years, when he also died. It was then kept successively by John Kephart, Isaac Bennet, Matthias Fishbaugh, and John Bunn. It was dis- continued as a public-house about twelve to fifteen years ago. The "Hickory" was a place of considerable note in colonial times. It was on "the King's Highway," leading from the forks of the Delaware to the central and lower parts of Hunterdon, and the iron from the furnace near Bloomsbury was transported over this road to HofPs forge, at what in later times became Pittstown. . From Pittstown to Bloomsbury it has been known, since the Eevokition, as the Hickory Road. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.s Co. F, Thirty-first Regiment New Jersey Volun- teers, was organized in Alexandria township, and mustered into the United States service, Sept. 3, 1862. OFFICERS. Captain, Petor Hiirt; first lieutenant, Joseph E. McLauglilin; second lieutenant, James I. Moore. Sergeants ; fii-st, James Duffee ; second Hugli M. Robinson; third, Ilart Sinclair; fourth, D.avid W. Snyder- fifth, Isaac Cole. Coi'porals, John Vanderbelt, John Roberson, George L. Yard, John Wait, George W. Fackenthall, Elijah Robinson, Wil- liam Fraley, Sylvester B. Ball-ymple. Musicians, John Duckworth, Henry Snyder. Teamster, Thomas Wallin. PRIVATES. Godfrey Bellis, Adam Bigley, Isaac Bennett, Christian Brotzman, Henry C. Bear, Isaac Bloom, Robert Clark, Britton Cronse, John Carling, Joseph D. Campbell, Mathias S. Curtis, James Connell, Jeremiah Case, Philip Dilgart, Sheridan W. Dean, Elias Deemer, Isaac Durk- ■worth, James E, Devens, John Balton, Hugh H. Harrison, Edward W. Huff, Charles Hartman, Samuel Leidy, George Loar, Henry Luken, Joseph L. Lesher, Alfred B. Moms, William G. Melick, Skidmore W. Mettler, John W. Osborn, Jacob H. Piatt, Isaiah M. Piatt, William Piatt, Benjamin F. Sailer, Jacob Sailer, Jr., Jacob E. Seyler, John Super, W^illiam Super, Daniel Sullivan, George Snyder, Isaac Thompson, John G. Taylor, George Vaness, Alban J. White, Stewart C. Warman, Daniel Toung, Henry Edinger, Gershom L. Everitt, Thomas Flemming, Abraham Gardiner, Robert Gano, David 0. Hager, John W. HaiTison, Peter S. Haughawout, John E. Hayes, Francis Eizle, Charles Lippincott, Isaac S. Laubach, William W. Longonouer, Samuel Major, Aaron Miller, Wilson Moore, William Moore, Amos Opdyke, Henry Potts, .Tames Rourke, George Sowders, John Sowders, William Sowders, Isaac M. Smith, Isaac H. Smith, Quintius S. Seip, Augustus Shaw, Hugh Thomson, William H. Teets, Duillius Vanderbelt, Firman Vanderbelt, Barney Wetzel, Solomon Wolfinger, Francis Young. HOLLAND. FIoLLAND was first set off" fi-om Alexandria in 1874. March 4, 1876, it was set back ; March 5, 1879, it was set off a second time by act of the Legislature. It is bounded west by the Delaware River ; north by the Musconetcong Creek ; east and southeast by the township of Alexandria. The dividing line be- tween Holland and Alexandria is as follows : Begins at the Warren county line, in the Musconetcong Creek ; thence along the Bethlehem township line to lands of John Phillips and Philip Hawk; thence southwesterly in a line of John Phillips and Philip Hawk to the middle of the public road leading from Bloomsbury to Lit- tle York; thence southwesterly, following the road and creek, to the mill-pond of Peter TJhlor ; thence along the middle of the public road to Mount Pleasant, opposite to the residence of Edward Hunt, deceased- thence along the road leading to Frenchtown to the into-section of the road leading from Everitfstown to Milford, at ■' Point of Rocks" - thence westerly, following the public road leading to Forman Hawk's barn till It intersects the road leading from Frenchtown to Milford ; thence north 120 yards to the middle of a creek coming from Dark Hollow; thence westerly along said creek to the Delaware Kiver. The area of the township is 14,651 acres, and the value of its taxable property, $1,199,559; population, 1886. INDIAN FIELDS.— MOSES TOTAMT. On the southern slope of Gravel Hill, near the sum- mit, are three old fields called " Indian fields." This * This company was omitted, by accident, in the history of the regi- ments from Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, in the General History of the two counties. t By Heury Race, A.M., M.D. HOLLAND. 425 locality is traditional Indian ground. It was proba- bly the site of a village, or a favorite place for coun- cils. The early settlers found a number of unburied skulls lying near the bottom of the hill, and there was a tradition that a battle had been fought there between two native tribes. There is another tradition, — of how much credibility we can not determine, — ^that Moses Totamy, a Dela- ware sachem, was born near this place, and lived here until he was a young man, when he changed his home to " Totamy's Plantation," at Marble Mountain, some three and a half miles above Phillipsburg. Totamy Falls, in the Delaware Kiver, is near that place. Moses Totamy represented the mountain Indians in the great council held at the forks of the Delaware in 1758. He was also, with Stephen Calvin and Isaac Stille (Indians), interpreter of the Delaware language at the same council. He was the father of William Totamy, who was interpreter for Eev. David Brainerd, a missionary among the Indians in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. EARLY HISTORY. For early history of Holland township see " Early History" of Alexandria. The territory all belonged to one township at that period, and it is impracticable at this time to separate definitely their early history. CIVIL LIST. For names of chosen freeholders see page 265 of this work. TOWN COMMITTEES. 1874, Samuel Wilson, Jesse Sinclair, Thomas P. Tinsman, Henry Cole, George W. Hager ; 1876, Jesse Sincliiir, Isaac T. Eiegel, Jacob Bunn, Augustus Vanderbelt, George W. Hager; 1876, Augustus Vander- belt, Jacob Bunn, Isaac T. Kiegel, Jesse Sinclair, George W. Hager; 1877, Jesse Sinclair, Isaac T. Riegel, Daniel Hawk, Jeremiah K. Ulmcr. JohnC. Robbins ; 1879,* Isaac T. Eiegel, Philip F. Hunt, Wil- liam li. Smith ; 1880, Isaac T. Eiegel, Philip F. Hunt, Jeremiah K. Ulmer. TOWN CLERKS. 1874-76, Enos D. Scarborough ; 1877-78, William W. Ulmer; 1879-80, J. R. Dalrymple. ASSESSORS. 1874-77, Jonas Rapp; 1879, Jonas Eapp; 1880, Hart Sinclair. COLLECTORS. 1874-75, Charles Warford; 1876-77, Jacob V. Cooley; 1879, Samuel Eckel ; 1880, Jacob V. Cooley. SCHOOLS. " Mount Pleasant" (District No. 25) was in opera- tion prior to 1790. The house stood near the Milford road when Stephen Gano was teaching, and John Bloom (since deceased) was a pupil. This building was abandoned about 1800 ; a new house was built near where the church now stands, and was then called the Kingston school. This was taught by a Mr. Bowlby, and later by Samuel Cooley. In 1833 it was sold to Nathaniel Wright, and by him moved to his mills, near Little York, and used as a horse-stable. The same year another house was erected on the same site, 22 feet square. The teachers are E. S. Hop- pock, Mr. Morgan, Samuel Dean, T. E. Galvan, and John Eoger ; the trustees, William Bunn, Eus- ling Hoppock, and Philip Hunt. Number of schol- ars, 80 ; public money, $324.60. "Milford" (District No. 26) boasts of having had three school-buildings. The first was erected in 1810, and stood on the hill three-fourths of a mile northeast of the village. This was a frame 18 by 22 feet. The name of William Chamberlain is given as a teacher in this place. The second was built on grounds be- longing to the Presbyterian church, and was a two- story building, 24 by 48 feet. Date of its erection not given. The third and present school-house was built in 1867, a substantial two-story stone edifice, 34 by 58 feet, and divided into four rooms. Cost of erec- tion, not including grounds, $4900. Present teacher (1880), Mr. Vannatta. Number of children, 194; public money, $594.33. The first house in " Mount Joy" (District No. 19) was put up in 1829, a frame, 20 feet square. The present house occupies the same ground and is two stories, one only being used for school purposes. This is 22 by 32 feet. Philip Lippincott was the first teacher ; Edward Middagh, 1 874-75, for three years ; C. E. Clifton, 1877-78; Charles Erwin and Linnie Burwell, 1879-80 ; present teacher, I. W. Emans, from Washington, N. J. The present trustees are I. E. Buck, J. M. Smith, and S. M. Wolfinger, district clerk. Number of children, 109; public money, $333.92. In "Spring Mills" (District No. 21) a small log house, about 300 yards from the present building, was the first school-house in this district. The year of its erection is not known, but it is believed to have dated back to the Eevolution. Its history, and that of those which succeeded it down to the present house, cannot be ascertained. The present building was erected in 1875. The lot was bought of the heirs of William Vliet. The house is of brick, and cost, including the ground, $2200. The present trustees are Jacob E. Anderson, district clerk, William T. Purcell, and George Snyder. Teachers: 1875-76, F. S. Cressman; 1876-77, Benjamin F. Seavers ; 1877-78, Eusling S. Hoppock; 1878-79, F. F. Angle; 1879-80, William B. Condit; 1880-81, Daniel E. Warne. Number of children, 66 ; public money, $320.29. The first teacher of whom there is any remembrance was John Mc- Glouchan. " Holland" (District No. 20) has had four different houses. The first of logs, dating back to the Eevolu- tion, is said to have stood near the place now occupied by its third successor, the building now in use, erected in 1862. It is 24 by 36 feet, two story, but one floor only occupied by the school. Teacher in 1876, Francis D. Eaub.f Number of children, 81 ; public money, $324.91. * In 1878 the township of Holland waa set back to Alexandria ; in J879 it was, a second time, erected into a township. 28 t C. S. Conkling. 426 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. "Hawk's" (District No. 23) dates back to 1825, when a log building was standing about half a mile from the present house. Samuel Dunn taught therein. In 1850 the present house was built, and has seating capacity for about thirty scholars. The names of teachers, as furnished by P. L. Hawk, Esq., the pres- ent district clerk, are Russell Hoppock, William Young, Emeline Meritt, Hannah Stene, Sally Ma- hony, J. W. Opdyke, Livingston Dalrymple, Mary Alshouse, Sally Osmun, May Garrison, Ella Aller, Mr. Vanderbelt, Gussie Anderson. The present teacher is Josie Slyker. Number of children, 45 ; public money, $313.84. " Millersville'' (District No. 22) is one of the small- est, but it had a school-house as early as 1811. It was 16 by 20 feet, of logs, and John Bullis was the first teacher. The present house was built in 1856, of stone. Number of children, 48 ; public money, $314.46. CHURCHES. THE PKESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF MILFOED was built in 1833. Henry Chamberlain was a leader in the enterprise. At its organization it had seven- teen members, and Mr. Chamberlain was installed as ruling elder. Rev. Mr. Henshaw occupied the pulpit as missionary, or stated supply, by appointment of Presbytery for about three years; after him. Rev. John McNair, for two years, in connection with the Presbyterian Church of Kingwood. The first pastor was the Rev. Joseph Campbell, D.D., pastor of the church in Hackettstown for more than thirty years. His term of service at this place was closed by death, about two years later. He was succeeded by the Rev. J. H. Sherwood, who labored successfully for over twelve years. He died in 1854, after a short illness. Over his grave the congregation erected a monument to testify their respect for his memory. The succeeding pastors were Revs. P. A. Studdi- ford, D.D., now of Lambertville, N. J., 1856-60; James Lewers, 1860-65 ; A. H. Sloat, 1865-67 ; John Burrows, 1868-73. The present incumbent, Rev. Isaac M. Patterson, began his pastorate in 1873. Since its organization this church has enrolled nearly 500 members. The Presbyterian Church of Holland is an outgrowth. In 1868 the congregation removed the old building and erected the present edifice, which is a handsome stone structure capable of seating about 600. The parsonage, also, is a neat, commodious building. George Carpenter, who officiated as a ruling elder for more than forty years, died in 1875. The present elders are Edward Hunt, Peter Eckel, Levi Ulmer, and Jacob Cooley. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUEOH OF MILFOKD was erected in 1855, and dedicated by the Rev. Mr. Ryan, of Philadelphia. It was included in the As- bury Circuit, and as early as 1832 such ministerial services were given as the preachers of that circuit could bestow in connection with their regular charges. This church has always been associated with some other charge. From 1855-58 it was connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church of Frenchtown ; 1858- 59, with Little York; 1866-68, with Frenchtown; 1868-77, with Everittstown and Little York ; 1877- 80, with Frenchtown. MILFOED CHEISTIAN CHUECH.* Mrs. Abigail Roberts was the first to announce the sentiments of this church in Milford and vicinity. April 4, 1827, a meeting was held preparatory to build- ing a church. On the 28th and 29th of November, 1827, the house was opened for public worship, the sermon being preached by Elder Simon Clough, of New York. The church was established with ten members ; the present number is 283. The following is a list of pastors: 1830, William Lane; 1836, Jona- than S. Thompson; 1838, William Lane; 1842, Isaac C. Goff; 1843, Jacob Y. Melick, N. Summerbell; 1850, Guildford; 1852, S. 0. Fuller; 1854, P. J. Hawk; 1855, J. N. Spoor; 1864, John McLaughlin; 1867, L. Ford ; 1869, Philetus Roberts ; 1873, C. A. Beck ; 1877, J. J. Summerbell. The building now occupied was erected in 1870. The present ofiicers are : Pastor, Rev. J. J. Summer- bell ; Clerk, James C. Robbins ; Deacons, John Burg- streser, Paul P. Cooley, David Stryker, John Ulmer, James C. Robbins, Jehu Larue, Albert S. Eckel; Treasurer, John Burgstreser; Trustees, Thomas Paul Forman, Paul P. Cooley, James C. Wright, Albert S. Eckel, Watson Smith. THE FIEST PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH OF HOLLAND was organized Nov. 14, 1850. Its membership at its organization was 20. Its first trustees were John Bloom, John Thomson, John H. Johnson, Benjamin Snyder, and Michael Fraley ; first elders, Benjamin Snyder and Jesse Sinclair; first pastor. Rev. J. H. Sherwood. The present organization is : Ruling Elders, Jesse Sinclair, John D. Bloom, Peter Snyder, Stephen Bun- net; Pastor, Rev. I. M. Paterson ; Trustees, Michael Fraley, Peter Snyder, George W. Hager, Duilliu.s Vanderbelt, Jonas Rapp, John Snyder, and Simeon D. Sinclair. Membership, 80. THE PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH "'OF MOUNT PLBASANTt was organized by or before 1752. In the records of the New Brunswick Presbytery it was called " Beth- lehem on the Delaware," and " The Western Branch" ot Bethlehem. Bethlehem township then included the territory of the present Alexandria and Holland. At a meeting of the Presbytery of New Brunswick held at Trenton, Oct. 11, 1763, this church was spoken of as the " log meeting-house" congregation. This ■^ We are indebted to J. C. Robbing for tiiis slietcli. t We are indebted, prinL-ipally, to the pastor in charge, Eev. N. S. Aller, for the Bketch of this ehnrcli. HOLLAND. 427 log meeting-house, we are informed by reliable tradi- tions, was located in the village, on or yery near the place where Mr. Sylvester Martin's barn now stands. At this period it is presumable the church was occu- pied by two societies, — the Presbyterian and the Ger- man Reformed, the latter using the German language in their worship. In 1768 the German congregation was associated with the churches of Rockaway, Ger- man Valley, and Foxenburg,* under the pastoral care of Rev. Mr. Dalliker (Delacour?). The old log meeting-house, and also its location, were abandoned for a new house in 1795. This was in the old part of the present cemetery, directly oppo- site to the centre gate. It was a frame, and commonly known as the new frame meeting-house in Alexan- dria. The land for the church and burying-ground was purchased of Aaron Vansyckel and John Eckel, and conveyed by them to the " Trustees of the said Church and Congregation, known as the Dutch and English Presbyterian Church and Congregation of Alexandria." May 18, 1802, the German Reformed Synod then in session in Philadelphia, at the request of the German congregation through their pastor, set over the said church and congregation to the care of the Presby- tery of New Brunswick, and the two branches of this congregation became united. This house was used for worship until 1843, when the present edifice was erected. It stands on the op- posite side of the road, on land purchased of Peter Bloom, Sr. The frame of the old building was re- moved to Little York in 1844, rein closed, and fitted up for a house of worship for the convenience of the northwestern part of the congregation. It is used as an outpost of the Mount Pleasant Church in which service is held every alternate Sabbath by the pastor. The Rev. Thomas Lewis was the pastor or supply of the English branch of this congregation in 1752-53. How much, if any, longer we cannot ascertain, as the records of the New Brunswick Presbytery at this period are not very full. The Dutch branch was probably supplied most of the time by the pastors in charge at German Valley. The Rev. John Hanna supplied the English con- gregation, worshiping at the log meeting-house, from about May, 1760, until his death, Nov. 4, 1801. Rev. Holloway W. Hunt followed, and continued for forty years ; he resigned in 1842. Rev. Robert W. Landis was next in charge for two years. His successor was Rev. Henry B. Elliot, 1844-46. In the spring of 1846 the Rev. Cornelius S. Conkling accepted a call and labored until February, 1871, when the present incumbent, the Rev. Nathan S. Aller, assumed the ministerial charge. VILLAGES. MiLFOED.— From manuscript field-notes of a sur- vey by Elisha Emley, about 1757, it is seen that there » Fox Hill. was a saw-mill 3 chains above the mouth of the Wis- sahawken Creek. To whom this belonged or when erected we have no means of ascertaining. It was probably a rude structure and of brief duration. John Duckworth, a very aged citizen of Milford, recently passed away, remembered back to the period when there was no village at that place. The first grist-mill was built on piles about the middle of where the pond now is. This mill was burned, and the place took the name of " Burnt Mills." In a deed of conveyance made in 1805 by Thomas Lowrey the creek is called the " Burnt Mill Greek,'' and the land sold the " Burnt Mill Farm." Mr. Lowrey purchased the old site of " Burnt Mills," and it was afterwards called Lowreytown. He built, in 1796-97, for a resi- dence for himself, the edifice since used for a hotel, and known as the Gibson House. His wife not liking the situation, he then built the house now occupied by Edward Thomas. Mr. Lowreyt erected the first flouring-mill by the river-side, which he commenced in 1798 and finished in 1800. His mill and the saw-mill adjoining were put up on contract by Thomas Elicott. Soon after the building of the mills by the river a saw-mill was put up by Julius Foster. About 1803 or 1804 the place began to be called Milford.J: It then had, besides the mills mentioned, but three dwellings and a store. In 1805, Mr. Lowrey sold the two saw-mills and part of the land to Jacob Housel, a son-in-law, and James and Thomas Alexander. In 1810 his executors, A. D. Woodruff and Dr. William McGill, conveyed the flouring-mill and balance of the land (reserving one house for the widow) to Jacob Housel. This property wJis sold from him in 1822 by the sheriff, and purchased by Aaron Vansyckel. It subsequently passed through various hands, and in 1853 came into the possession of its present owners, Wilson and Edward Thomas. In 1838, Wilson Housel, son of Jacob, rebuilt the saw-mill, which had been first built in 1798, and at his death it was bought, in 1857, by the present owners, W. & E. Thomas, and again rebuilt in 1869. The flouring-mill was also replaced with the present structure by Mordecai Thomas in 1849. It contains six run of burrs, and has a water-power of thirty-one feet fall on a lasting stream. While these changes have been occurring relative to the mills, the village has grown slowly but steadily in size and importance. It now has three churches, four stores, two hotels, two grist-mills, one saw-mill, one drug-store, one hardware-store, one tin-and-stove store, two cabinet-makers' shops, one carriage-shop, two blacksmith-shops, a post-office, and a railroad depot. Spring Mills. — The mill at this place dates back to an early period in colonial times. In the field- 1 See a liiatorical Bketch of Mr, Lowrey in the history of Flsmington, avie. t Mill Ford. 428 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY". notes of Robert Emley, 1747, he speaks of- "the road to Petit's Mill." This mill had probably been built and occupied by a tenant, or by a party who had lo- cated on land for which he had obtained no title or lease. In a letter in .the writer's possession, of Sir Robert Barker's to his attorney, William MoAdam, Esq., of New York, dated "Spring Gardens, Oct. 3, 1775," he says, — " With regard to the purchaee of the mill by Mr. Richie, you are the best judge. I think, if I may be allowed to form auy idea at this dis- tauee, he has some claim of preference." We have no means at hand by which to prove to a certainty that this relates to Petit's Mill, but think it does. Mr. Jacob R. Anderson, the present owner of the Spring Mills property, says that William Godley pur- chased of John Cooley in 1790, and in 1793 took down an old rickety mill, " and in digging out the foundation discovered where there had been a mill previous to the one he took down." Mr. Anderson has these facts from Mr. Augustus Godley, a son of the above-mentioned William Godley. A few years afterwards Mr. Godley built a saw-mill also. In 1835, Mr. Augustus Godley, who had inher- ited the property, took down both the grist- and the saw-mill, and erected a large stone mill. In 1852, Mr. Anderson, the present proprietor, bought the mill-property and 16J acres. April 14, 1861, the mill was burned, but rebuilt the same year on the old foundation. Mr. Anderson is a grandson of Jacob Anderson, a captain of State troops in the Revolu- tionary army. Mount Joy is an extension of Riegelsville, on the Hunterdon County side of ]\Iusconetcong Creek. It has one store and two saw-mills. Amsterdam is a hamlet at the northwest side of Gravel Hill. A shoe-shop, carpenter-shop, and saw- mill comprise its places of business. SMITH'S HOTEL. A mile and a half above Milford, on the line of the Belvidere Delaware Railroad, stands an old building which fifty years ago was kept as a hotel. The pro- prietor was James Smith. He had thirteen children, — six sons and seven daughters, — all of whom are still living. At this time (1880) the youngest is forty- seven years old, and the eldest about seventy. THE WARKEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY is a joint stock company, organized for the manufac- ture of manilla paper. It is located near Hughes- ville, and has a capital of $40,000. Its factory was commenced in 1872, and completed in August of the following year. Its daily product is five, tons of ma- nilla paper. KNIFE-FACTORY AT FINESVILLE. About the close of last century Philip Fine built a saw-mill, oil-mill, and flour-mill on the south side of Musconetcong Creek, at Finesville. The saw- and oil-mills went into disuse nearly half a century ago. After the decease of Philip Fine the flour-mill was continued by his son. In November, 1860, two-thirds of the property was purchased by Amos Davis, Cyrus Lawall, William Lawall, Tobias Worman, and Cyrus Stover, who converted it into a paper-mill, and used it as such until near 1869, when it was sold to Fred- eric S. Taylor, Augustus Bunsby, and Francis Stiles, who changed it into a knife-manufactory. It is still used in this department of industry. The firm-name is Taylor, Stiles & Co. CALVIN'S FERRY. Among some old manuscripts the following is found : "Upon application made to us, the Surveyors of the Boads for the Townships of Bethlehem, Kingwood, aud Amwell, for the Alter.ation of a Certain four Rod Road that runs from Colviu's* Ferry, on Delaware River, Toward Everitts' Mill,f and we have called to our assistance Six More Surveyors of the Ajacent County of Sussex, According to Law made and Provided, and all Mett Together, this 24 d.iy of August, 1759, aud Upon a Vew of the said Road, and a Deleberiite Consideration thereon, have thought Reasonable the said Road Sliould be Alter'd," etc. Various documents we have seen convince us that in 1759 the ferry at Frenchtown was called Calvin's. In Erskine's map, used in the Revolutionary army, 1778-80, this crossing is called Sherrerd's Ferry. At a later period it was called Erwin's Ferry, and still later Prevost's Ferry. OTHER EARLY FERRIES. According to Faden's map, 1777, the road came down Deep Hollow 50 yards above where Forman Hawk's barn now stands, and ran directly across the valley fo the river at a point one mile below Milford. Here was a crossing marked on the map as "London Ferry." For many years previous to the building of the Milford Delaware bridge, in 1841, there was a ferry at Milford known successively ^s Lowreytown Ferry, Burnt Mills Ferry, and Milford Ferry. The ferry opposite the village of Monroe, Pa., is, probably, as old as the Durham, Pa., furnace, which is quite near, and was built in 1727-28. It is desig- nated on Faden's map, 1777, as Pursley (Purcell) Ferry. For many years it has been known as John- son's Ferry. A half-mile above the preceding is Stillwell's Ferry, also called Brink's. It is opposite Durham Cave, Pa. This ferry is probably as old as the pre- ceding. " Shank's Ferry" dates back to an early colonial period. It was contemporary, or nearly so, with the two preceding. It has been superseded by the Rie- gelsville Delaware bridge. TORY DEN. On the farm of John M. Wolverton, on the northern slope of the Musconetcong Mountain, just beyond * Calvin's. t Everittstown. HOLLAND. 429 the summit, is a small cavern called the " Tory Den." It is formed by a large overhanging rock with projec- tions on two sides ; one side was walled up with stone, so that it furnished quite a comfortable shelter. There is a tradition of the neighborhood that in the Revolutionary war (probably 1776-77) a small de- tachment of marauding soldiers passed through Greenwich, closely pursued by Capt. John Maxwell's company, as far as Shank's Ferry, where they eluded their pursuers. They then passed a short distance up the Musconetcong valley, ascended the mountain, and concealed themselves in this rocky retreat. Here they wintered, being clandestinely fed and cared for by some neighboring Tories. From this circumstance the place was called by the patriots of that section the " Tory Den,'' which name it still retains. OLD BURYING-GROUND. About 150 yards south of the manufactory of Tay- lor, Stiles & Co., at Finesville, on land of John L. Eiegel, there was an old burying-ground. Only one gravestone now remains, and that is broken in four pieces, lying by an apple-tree since grown there. The stone has the following inscription : " In Memory of Elizabeth, Daughter of Moses aud Sarah Yamans, who Departed this life October Uth, a.b. 1778, Aged one Year and Nine Months." The name, Yamans, so far as known to the writer, no longer occurs in Alexandria or Holland. SKETCH OF THE SINCLAIR FAMILT.® Peter Cincleare (Sinclair) was a native of Germany, and emigrated to America about 1750. He brought with him his wife, Elizabeth, two sons, John and Peter, and one daughter Mary. Peter was born 1719, and died 1784; Elizabeth, his wife, was born 1724, and died 1798. Their remains lie in St. James' Lu- theran churchyard, Greenwich, N. J. His son John was born in Germany, Nov. 12, 1743, and came with his father to America in 1750. He subsequently married Anna Alpaugh, and became the owner of 220 acres of land on the Musconetcong Mountain, probably before the Revolution. Feb. 14, 1799, his house was destroyed by fire, at which time all deeds and papers were lost. The house was re- built the same year, a part of which still stands, and is owned and occupied by Simeon D. Sinclair. It is a log structure. John Sinclair died Sept. 1, 1821, leaving nine chil- dren,— Peter, born 1784; William, 1786 ; John, 1789; Reuben, 1790 ; Samuel, 1791 ; Elizabeth, 1794 ; Ann, 1796 ; Mary, 1799 ; Jesse, 1802. Of these last named, Samuel Sinclair had five children,— three sons and two daughters. One of these sons, Jesse, had eight children, only three of whom are living. The Sinclairs are numer- ous, being now found in almost every State in the Union. THE VAN SYCKEL FAMILY. The following sketch of the Alexandria and Hol- land branches of the Van Syckel family from the first to the sixth generation is compiled principally from Dr. John W. Van Sickel's " History of the Family ia the United States :" First Generation. — Ferdenandus Van Sycklin, the primogenitor of the Van Syckel family in this country, was horn in the Netherlands, about the year 1635. He emigrated to America in 1652. Of his European an- cestry nothing is known. He married, about 1660, Eva Antonis Jansen, born 1641, by whom he had eight children, of whom Reinier was the eldest. Second Genemlian {Partial ZW).— Keinier Van Sycklin, the first child of Ferdenandus and Eva, was born about the year 1661 ; married (1687) Jan- netje Van Hooren; had four sons, of whom Cornelius, Jan, and Keinier removed to New Jersey prior to 1720, and became the progenitors of most of the New Jersey Van Syckels. T.liird Ceticrad'tm.— Keinier Van Syckelen, the fourth child of Reinior and Jannetje, was born on Long Island about 1697. He man-ied Henah . They had one child, Reinier. Fourth Gencmfioii,— Reinier Van Sickelen, a son of Reinier and Henah, married Mercy Longstreet, by whom he had ten children,— Birck (Kich- ard), Rynier, Annetje (Hannah), Elsje, Katrina (Catharine), Lydia, Aaron, Peter, Samuel, and David. Fifth Generation.— Aa.ron Tan Syckel, the seventh child of Reinier and Mercy, was born in Kingwood, July 8, 17G4, He was married, about 1786, to Catharine, daughter of Joshua Opdyke, by whom he had eight children,— John, Elijah, Daniel, Aaron, Mercy, William, Alice, anj Fannie. Peter Van Syckel, the eighth child of Reinier and Mercy, was born Aug. 26, 1766. He married, about 1788, Ellen Vanderbelt, by whom he had eight children,— John, Samuel, Lydia, Agnes, George Warne, Lewis, Elizabeth, and Ellen. He lived in Alexandria township, and kept tlie " Hickory Tavern," on account of the sign-board being suspended from the branch of a hickory-tree. He died Feb. 12, 1 830. Si^Ui Generation.— I)s.me\ Van Syckel, the fourth child of Aaron anJ Catharine, was born Nov. 2, 1790. He was twice married, first to Mary, daughter of Cornelius Carhart, by whom he had ten children,— Holloway Whitfield, Isabella, Seliuda, Augustus, Elbridge, Sanford, Horatio Dis- borough, Albert, Gustavus Adollihus, and Virginia. He next married Mrs. Sarah Runkel, sister to his first wife Mary. No children by this marriage. He was a merchant, and also carried on farming. He died Nov, 8, 1861. John Van Syckel, the first child of Ellen (Vanderbelt) and Peter, was born Jan. 11, 1789. He was twice married,- to Mary, daughter of Luther Calvin, by whom he had ten children; and Mrs. Catharine (Alpaugh) Van Syckel, the widow of his brother Lewis, by whom he had four children. Samuel Van Syckel, the second child of Peter and Ellen, was born Dec. 11, 1790. He was twice married, first to Margaret Hartpence. No children. He next married Margaret Barber, by whom he had one daughter, Lydia Catharine. Samuel died Feb. 12, 1865. George Warne Van Syckel, the fifth child of Peter and Ellen (Vander- belt), was born Sept. 30, 1797. He married, Dec. 13, 1817, Rachel, daughter of Jacob Schuresm.an, by whom he had eleven children. He was a farmer by occupation, and lived in Holland township. Lewis Van Syckel, the sixth child of Peter and Ellen (Vanderbelt), was bom Dec. 19, 1800. He married Catharine Alpaugh ; had five children ; died July 18, 1830. John Van Syckel, the fourth child of Mary (Opdyke) and David Van Syckel, who was the tenth child of Mercy (Longstreet) and Reinier Van Syckel, was born Sept. 12, 1803. He married Sarah Ann, daughter of Michael Frailey, by whom he had eleven children. He was a farmer, and lived near Milford, in Holland township. He died March 27, 1875. TINSMAN'S SAW-MILL.f Tinsman's saw-mill is a short distance below Rie- gelsville. It was first erected about 1812 by Henry Quinn, who emigrated to this country from Ireland. * Contributed by Jesse Sinclair, Esq. t We are indebted to the kindness of Jesse Sinclair, Esq., for the facts relative to Tinsman's and Riegel's 8a%v-mills. 430 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. He afterwards built a grist-mill at the same place. These mills were destroyed by fire in 184S. The fol- lowing year the saw-mill was rebuilt by John L. Eie- gel, Thomas P. Tinsman, and George Quinn. It is now the property of Thomas P. Tinsman. EIEGEL'S SAW-MILL. Thomas Purcell came to Alexandria from Durham township, Bucks Co., Pa. He is believed to have been the first settler at Monroe, in Durham (John- son's Ferry), and is said to have built, in 1780, the first house in that place. This house was afterwards, and is still, kept as a tavern. He also built a saw- mill, grist-mill, and blacksmith-shop, and established a ferry across the Delaware. In 1793 he came to New Jersey, having purchased 212 acres of land on the south side of the Musconetcong Creek, near its mouth. He built a saw-mill, now owned by Isaac T. Eiegel, on this property. Purcell, soon after, also built another saw-mill on the same property, half a mile above the former. This property was bought by Benjamin Riegel, and the latter mill has since been taken down. FRANKLIN. GEOGRAPHICAL. Franklin is a central township of Hunterdon County. It is bounded north by Clinton borough ; northeast by Clinton township, from which it is sep- arated by the South Branch of the Earitan ; south- east by Earitan and Delaware ; southwest by King- wood; northwest by Alexandria and Union. Its form is rhomboidal, its southeastern and southwestern boundaries being straight lines meeting obliquely. Its longest diagonal is about nine miles : its shortest, about six. It has a farm area of 14,419 acres. The act to establish the township has this pro- vision : '* Be it enacted hy the Senate and General Assembly of ilie State of New Jersey, That all lliat part, of the township of Kingwood, in the county of Hunterdon, lying north of a line to begin at a stone standing in the Kingwood and Deliiware line, in the great road near Elisha Warford's farm, and from thence in a straight line to the Alexandria and King- wood line, in the middle of the great road, opposite the school-house near the Episcopal church known by the name of St. Thomas' Church, shall be, and the same is hereby, set off from tiie said township of King- wood into a separate townsliip, to be called and known by the name of the township of Franklin." This has been slightly modified by the act incorpo- rating the borough of Clinton, as noticed elsewhere. Two streams important for their water-power, the Capoolon and the Lacatong, have their sources within its borders. The Capoolon rises in the north- west corner of the township, takes an east-by-north- east course, and empties into the South Branch. The Lackatong (in old deeds called the Laokolong) rises below Quakertown, and flows southwesterly through Kingwood and Delaware into the Delaware Eiver. NATURAL FEATURES. The township presents no very striking scenery, yet it has a diversity of rich and highly-cultivated farm- ing districts. The surface is level in the southern part, rolling or hilly in the northern. The soil is fer- * By E. T. Bush. tile, producing abundantly all the grains common to this latitude. Fruits are largely grown. Peaches have lately become a leading production. Franklin may still be considered a well-timbered district. Oak, hickory, maple, and chestnut grow plentifully, thu.s contributing to the general wealth. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Just when the lands were first taken up and who were the first settlers are questions wanting a satis- factory answer. That Franklin was a Quaker settle- ment is undisputed, and that portions of it were set- tled soon after 1700 is evident; but exactly when and by whom may, perhaps, never be known. The last will and testament of George Hutchinson, of Philadelphia, bearing date April 29, 1698, be- queathed to his daughter Rachel 1000 acres of land near Quakertown, evidently lying to the west; a part at least of the Laing property was included in it. She died childless, and her nephew, George Hutchin- son, fell heir to the property ; he sold it to James Bollen in 1716. In 1723 it was sold to John Tautom, who in 1742 willed it to his three daughters, Mary Murfin, Anne Hughlings, and Sarah Lovett. These heirs caused a division to be made, and the land was subsequently sold in parcels. In 1729, Jacob Doughty bought 1212 acres, extend- ing from Oak Grove to Quakertown. This land was bought of Mathews Gardiner, who had inherited it from his father, by whom it had been taken up as a " proprietary right." From this tract Doughty sold various parcels, as elsewhere seen. His son Daniel finally came into possession of what had not been other- wise conveyed. The original owners, the Gardiners, do not seem ever to have occupied the land. Among the early landowners were George Deacon, once owner of the Large homestead ; John Emley, who owned several hundred acres of land west of the southern part of Doughty's purchase ; John Coats, FRANKLIN. 431 ■whose land, afterwards sold to Samuel Schooley, joined the Doughty tract on the east in 1730. Amos Strettle seems to have been quite an extensive land- owner at that time, having purchased a large tract, partly within the borders of Frantlin, of Alexander Seaton, of County Down, Ireland, by indenture bear- ing date 1702, the same having been purchased of Maurice Trent and Chester Allen, who had purchased it of Edward Byllinge and trustees, Penn, Lucas, and Lawrie, in 1680. In 1731, Edward Rockhill, " far- mer in Bethlehem," bought "one whole propriety, ^\ and ^% of one propriety." This land was in two tracts, one about Pittstown and the other southwest of Oak Grove, described as " timber swamp." In all there were 846 acres, costing £102. Charles HofF was an extensive landholder as early as 1758. He lived at Pittstown, then called "HofF's," where he kept a shop, and afterwards, in 1764, carried on milling. John Stevenson bought 200 acres east of the Doughty tract in 1727. At a later day Joseph and Jeremiah King counted their acres by the thousand in the lower part of the township ; their land lay in what is known as the ■" Great Swamp." It is said that the Friends selected the vicinity of Qiiiikertown on account of the richness of the soil, the beauty of its situation, and the absence of forests, the last, as is usually the case in new countries, being con- sidered a great advantage to the settler. Tradition tells of a time, scarcely more than a hundred years ago, when Quakertown could be seen from Oak Grove across a country that afterwards became densely wooded. Be this as it may, the early deeds, by sel- dom describing any forest or timber-land, seem to bear testimojiy to the openness of the county. Much of the timbered portion has been cleared off within the past thirty or forty years, but some large and val- uable pieces of woodland still remain. This is said to have been a favorite resort for Indian huntsmen, and the truth of the tradition is attested by great numbers of arrow-heads found in many places in the township. A village of Delaware Indians once occupied the ravine below the house now owned by Daniel Little, on the property known as the Rhoda Large lot. The most reliable records that are now available concerning the early days are the minutes of the Friends' meeting at Quakertown.* From these many facts concerning the old families have been gathered. It is unfortunate that they do not go back to the first settlement. OLD FAMILIES AND THEIR HOMESTEADS. The Kings were among the first settlers. Har- menus King came from Holland with a colony of Friends and settled at Burlington in or about 1777. He had two sons, Joseph and John. Joseph bought * These records have been kindly placed at our disposal liy Abram K. Vail, clerk of the meeting. 954 acres of land along the South Branch in 1729, and settled at or near Young's Mills (so named in later years), and built the first mill at that place. The date of his settlement cannot be definitely fixed, but his name occurs as trustee of the Friends' meeting at Quakertown (then Bethlehem) in 1733. He had two sons, Joseph and William, and a daughter named Re- becca. William at one time lived at Oherryville, where his son Joseph was born. He subsequently removed to the farm now owned by Edward Bidwell, which he purchased of Nehemiah Dunham in 1763. Here Joseph remained until after the purchase of the Twining (now King's) Mills property for his only son, William L., in 1811. William L. King married Elizabeth Large, a great-granddaughter of the orig- inal settler, Samuel Large. Their children were Nancy and Joseph, — still living at King's Mills, — Mary, Sarah, and Eliza. Jeremiah King' settled in the "Swamp," on the farm now belonging to the estate of Jacob Philhower, recently deceased. He was a chosen freeholder from Kingwood from 1768 to 1774. He was an extensive landholder in that vicinity ; he and William King are popularly said to have "owned the Swamp." His children were John, Jeremiah, Joseph, Albertus, Newton, Sarah, Mary, Rachel, and a daughter who married John Wood. Sarah was the wife of Dr. James Pyatt ; she lived to an advanced age, and died a few years ago. Rachel married Thomas Little. Newton married Elizabeth Case. Their children were Sarah Ann, Charlotte, and Margaret. Charlotte, now the wife of Thatcher Trimmer, Sr., still lives in Franklin. John Coats, in 1730, owned land east of the Willson tract. A part at least of this was subsequently sold to Samuel Schooley ; but we find that Henry Coats, who is thought to have been a son of John, and who a tradition in the family says was the first white child born in that vicinity, lived at a later day on the farm now occupied by Mrs. Mary Ann Mathews. He married Deborah Newbold. Their children were Amy, born in 1754, John, Esther, Daniel, Lucy, Robert, Phebe, Elizabeth, Mary, John A., Henry, and Charles. Robert Coats married a Smith. His son Charles married Elizabeth Case, and had nine children,— Elizabeth, Lucy, Mary, Amy, Robert, Nancy, Sarah, William, and Thomas. The last named still lives near Quakertown. Samuel Large was born in England in 1688; he settled within the present limits of Franklin before 1780. He married Rebecca Willson, sister to Samuel, the first of that family to settle here. They had five children,— Ebenezer, Robert, Jacob, William, and Ann. Jacob married Mary Bunting, and had seven children,— Aaron, Samuel, Anna, Mary, Ebenezer, William, and Rebecca. Samuel the elder was a member of the Society of Friends ; he died in 1761, and was buried in the 432 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Friends' burying-ground. "William, son of Jacob and Mary Large, married Susan Palmer. They bad seven children,— Jacob, Aaron, John, Samuel, Achilles, Nelson, and William. John married Eliza, daughter of George Brown ; they were the parents of William Large, now living near Quakertown. The homestead, now owned and occupied by Wil- liam Dubon, about a mile and a half southwest of Quakertown, originally extended so far to the north as to include the farm now owned by Jeremiah Sny- der. It was bought of George Deacon, and remained in the family until 1807, when William, a grandson of Samuel, Sr., sold it and removed to the Quaker- town tavern. The purchaser was Uriah Larue, whose son Gordon, the father of the present Uriah and Paul 0. Larue, lived on the homestead, and died there in 1871. In 1746, Thomas Eobeson and his wife came with a certificate from Wrightstown, Pa. Jonathan Robe- son was a prominent member of the Friends' meeting for several years. In 1764 he and his wife and their daughter, Mary, went with a certificate to Greenwich. He was one of the pioneers of the iron industry in this country. He is said to have built the Oxford Furnace. He had two sons, John and Morris. The latter married Tacy Paul, and lived part of the time at Oxford, and part at Philadelphia. He died in 1823, and was buried in the Friends' burying-ground at Quakertown by the side of his sister Elizabeth Robeson, who lived and died in that village. Morris was the grandfather of Hon. George M. Robeson, formerly Secretary of the Navy. Jacob Race, the first of the New Jersey branch of the Race family of which we have any reliable record, was born in 1716. We find papers of the date of 1725 showing that he was then nine years old and had a guardian, Henry Boss, of Amwell. The family traditions are that his father came from Ger- many. Henry Boss lived in the neighborhood of Rocktown. Jacob Race, his ward, learned milling, and in 1768 purchased " Dalles' old mill," near Mount Airy, built by William Dalles, who purchased the property in 1727. His son, Jacob Race, was born in 1764, and brought up at that place. He and his son occupied the mill and a small farm adjoining till about 1790. In 1796 the younger Jacob and his aged father came to the old Race homestead in Franklin (then Kingwood) township, where the father died in 1804. Jacob Race, son of the latter, in 1787 married Anne, daughter of William Rockafeller ; they had five children, — William, Mary, Jacob, John, and An- drew. The first wife having died, he was again mar- ried, in 1801, to Sophia, daughter of Cornelius Hoff and Margaret Eicke, his wife. By this marriage they had six children, — Cornelius, Holloway W., Samuel Anna, Henry, and Margaret. He died July 4, 1857, aged ninety-three. Of his children two only are living, — John Race, of Clinton, and Dr. Henry Race, of Pittstown. Samuel Willson was born in Scarborough, England, in 1681. He removed to this country, and settled at Chesterfield prior to 1707. Here were born to him and his wife, Hester, eight children,— Samuel, Robert, Esther, Sarah, James, Ann, John, and Gabriel. In 1730 he removed with his family to what is now Franklin township, and died here in 1761. The oldest son, Samuel, went to Sussex County. James studied medicine, married Martha Laing, of Plainfield, in 1736, bought the homestead of his father in 1742, and lived there until his death, in 1777. The children of James and Martha Willson were Samuel, Josiah, James, Sarah, Esther, and Anne. Samuel never mar- ried. Josiah settled at or near Rah way, and died and was buried there in 1788, aged forty-four. James was born in 1760 ; he married Lucretia Freeman, and lived at the homestead, where he died in September, 1785, at the early age of twenty-five. He left two sons, — Samuel, born in 1782, and John, born in 1784. His widow died about four years later. Sarah married Jo- seph King,- and died soon after. Anne remained single. She and Samuel lived and died at the home- stead. Samuel and John, the orphan children of James and Lucretia Willson, were left in charge of their uncle Samuel, who brought them up according to the discipline of Friends. John married Ruth, daughter of George Scott. They removed with their children to the West. Samuel married Hannah Mason, and had six children, — Uriah, James, John, Samuel, Edward, and Josiah, — of whom all except Uriah and Edward live in Franklin. Uriah died at Quakertown. James married Mary Laing in 1836. Their children are Samuel, Anna, and Carrie. John married Elizabeth Allen, who died soon after. He subsequently married Amy Bray ; they have one daughter. Belle, the wife of Rev. Frank Tomlinson. Samuel married Amanda, daughter of John Swallow. They have eight children, — George, Hannah, Lucre- tia, Elizabeth, Sarah Eleanor, Edward, Samuel, and Charles. Edward married Mrs. Lucy Case, and had one child, Mary, who still survives. He lived at the homestead, and died there in 1866. Josiah married Mary Ann Bray ; they have two children, — Addie and Laura. The Willson homestead lies a little more than a mile southwest of Quakertown. It was bought by Samuel Willson, of Jacob Doughty, in 1730, and from that time to the present it has never been out of the family. Originally it contained 600 acres and cost £300. It then included the farms now owned by David Case, William Mathews, James Willson, and Josiah Willson, besides portions included in other farms. It now contains about 100 acres of the orig- inal tract, and belongs to Samuel M^'illson, who pur- chased it after the death of his brother Edward. The stone house was built by Samuel Willson in 1735 ; an addition was made to it by his great-grand- son, Samuel Willson, in 1819. Both parts are still iiiiia %W^ mm'. ill. ''"Illffi li'' ' II '■'' '-'"liiii ,Mmm I.Ll 111 '!! i''.'il'i , III ,i iiii \ ii I I'l .' iWv mi 1 iiiiili'^'-'iiiiiii I'm I'll 'iii!' :| h I : :m: „„„„ '''''iiiilii''iLv,. dff" FRANKLIN. 433 occupied, — the new by a son-in-law of the present owner, William H. H. Woodruflf, who tills the farm ; the old by another son-in-law, the writer of this sketch. Richard Lundy and his wife came from Exeter, Pa., in 1747. He died and was buried at Hardwick in 1772, aged eighty years. Among the others of the name who are mentioned in the Friends' records are Jacob (probably a son of Richard), married Mary Willson in 1748; Thomas, came from Maiden Creek in 1745 ; Joseph, married Sarah Willson in 1758 ; and Ann, married Abraham Webster in 1770. Isaac Lundy died at Hardwick, at the age of twentj'- seven. His son, Amos G., came to live with his uncle, Aaron Large, on the Large homestead. He married Abigail, daughter of John Stockton, in 1804, after which they spent most of their time here until 1818, when they removed to the State of New York. Their children were Nancy, Amy, Geo. W. A. C. (now of Stockton), Arthur W. (now of Frenchtown), Eliza- beth, and John, all living except the last two. John Emley settled on the farm now owned by Isaiah Mathews, evidently by or before 1730. He certainly owned the land at that date. In 1732 he built the stone house, which, after standing ninety- nine years, was rebuilt by Edward Mason in 1831. He had three sons, two of whom, John and Robert, in 1762, after the death of their father, bought the property, or at least a part of it, containing 600 acres. The other son was Elisha, to whom, in 1755, he deeded the Race farm, now owned by Judson Hoff. This is described as being part of a larger tract bought by John Emley of Robert Strettle in 1737. After tlie death of Elisha, in 1767, it was sold by his ex- ecutors to Robert Emley, who sold it to Thomas Hol- combe. Holcombe sold it to Jacob Race, father of Dr. Henry Race, in 1791. Ann Emley, daughter of .John, married Dr. Aaron Forman in 1769. Robert, a surveyor, died in 1808. The family has entirely passed away, not one of the name remaining in the township. The Stevenson family was among the earliest here, l)ut the line of descent is not very clear. The first mentioned are Thomas and Sarah, whose children — •Tohn, Sarah, and Mary — weire all born here, the first in 1732. John married Mercy King; their children were Sarah, born in 1762, Mary, Joseph, Thomas, Abigail, Anna, Daniel, John, and James. Thomas married Rebecca Webster in 1794 ; Joseph, Susanna Kester in 1796. They had four children,— Anna, John, Amy, and Samuel. Another Thomas Stevenson married a Jenning, and at the beginning of the present century lived on the farm now owned by George and Jacob Race. Their children were John, Samuel, and Arthur. Arthur married a Husted ; Andrew, Samuel, Sally, Theodore, Thomas, Rachel, and Eliza were their children. Samuel, who still lives, near Quakertown, married Sally Case. Their children, all living in the town- ship, are Henry, Elizabeth, and Martha Ann. Eliza- beth is the wife of James Hoff, of Quakertown. The first Cliffton settler was Henry, who married Amy, daughter of Isaac Horner, in 1777. Horner lived on the property now owned and occupied by Dr. M. Abel at Quakertown. Clifl'ton seems to have settled there immediately after his marriage, and to have either purchased or hired the farm soon after. A part of this property was sold in 1744 by David Martin, sheriff, to Margaret Stevenson, who sold it to Henry Farnsworth in 1749. In 1758, Farnsworth willed it, together with other lands, to his sous, Daniel and Thomas, who shared it. Daniel sold his share, 96 acres, to John Mulliner in 1767. The latter sold it to Isaac Horner in 1772. The stone house in which Horner, and probably the elder Farnsworth, lived is still standing in good preservation. It is certainly much more than a hun- dred years old, but its exact age is not known. Henry and Amy Cliffton had one daughter, Eliza- beth, unmarried. She lived at the homestead, and died there in 1853. William Cliffton, a half-brother to Henry, was born in 1768. He married Amy Hampton in 1796, and the same year purchased of Henry the farm now oc- cupied by Morris Hampton. He died in 1848, aged eighty. The children of William and Amy Cliftton were Sarah, Henry, William, Jacob, John, Rebecca, Joseph, and Amy, all deceased except Amy, who is the wife of Morris Hampton and lives on the home- stead. Morris and Amy Hampton have had three children, — Rebecca, William, and Sarah Elizabeth. The first two are dead ; the last is the wife of George Leaver, of this township. Hermanns Kester, born in 1703, removed to King- wood prior to 1733. His children were Susanna, Elizabeth, Samuel, John, Rebecca, Hermanns, Peter, Thomas, and Margaret. Samuel married Susanna Webster, and had ten children, — Benjamin, born 1759, Anna, Rachel, Mary, Sarah, Elizabeth, Susanna, Hannah, Amy, and Rebecca. John Kester married Deborah Webster in 1765. We have no record of their f^imily. Benjamin, son of Samuel, married Rachel Hamil- ton in 1782. Their son William married Mary, daughter of Samuel Webster, in 1810. Susanna Kester was interred in the Friends' bury- ing-ground " the 24th of the second month, 1882," aged ninety-five. Nearly a hundred years ago the Kesters lived on the farm now owned by J. T. Stires, but it does not appear whether, or not this was the original place of settlement. None of the name remain in this vicinity. John Allen, son of Joseph, married Mary, daughter of Jacob Large, in 1778. Their daughter Elizabeth married David Laing in 1807. These were the parents of Mary A. (deceased, wife of James Willson), Eliza- 434 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. beth, Eacliel, Jacob, and John. The last mentioned still lives on the homestead, which was conveyed to his grandfather, John Allen, by Peter Potter in 1776. A part of the stone house remains just as it was during the Revolution. An addition was built to it in 1796. Daniel Allen, a brother to John, married Elizabeth Lafatra. Their son John married Catharine Snyder, and lived and died at " Allen's Corner," where Jere- miah Robeson, a son-in-law, now lives. Thomas Little came from Ireland and settled on a farm near Pittstown, where he died before 1785. His children were Andrew, John, Christy, Martha, and Robert. Christy married Rachel Cook, and had seven children, — Daniel, Sedgwick, Esther, Joanna, Ade- laide, Martha, and Thirza. The homestead is still in possession of the family, being owned by Daniel. Sedgwick lives on the o|)posite side of the road. Herbert Trimmer came from Germany and settled on the farm now owned by Abram Dilts. The date cannot be exactly fixed, but he was living there during the Revolution. His children were Jackson, George, Peter, Tunis, William, and Anne. The children of Jackson were John E., Samuel, Charles, Aaron, El- dridge, Francis, and Thatcher. Three of these — John E., Samuel, and Francis — recently .died in this township at an average age of eighty-five. Aaron died at the age of about fifty. The children of John E. Trimmer were Asher, Ann, Eliza, Sarah, Jeremiah, John, Mahlon, and Catharine. John and Mahlon still reside in the township. Sarah, wife of Mahlon Fields, lives near Locktown. All the others died before their father, who lived to the age of ninety-two, dying in 1880. Francis had three children, — Mahala, Thatcher, and James. The last is dead; Thatcher is a mer- chant in Quakertown, and Mahala, wife of Milton Schorap, resides at Fleraington. Samuel had three sons, — Aaron, Joseph, and Elias H. Joseph is dead, Aaron lives in Kingwood, and Elias H. in Flemington. Thatcher Trimmer, Sr., still resides in the town- ship. His children, all living, are Martha Ann, Amy, Elizabeth, William, Jauette, Mary, Sarah, and New- ton. John Trimmer, a half-brother to Herbert, was a blacksmith, and located below the old Boar's Head tavern, about a hundred years ago. He had three sons, — Henry, Amos, and John ; his daughters were Mary, Sarah, Susanna, and Catharine. Amos mar- ried Susanna, daughter of George Scott, of this town- ship, and had six children, of whom Henry S. is still living in Quakertown, and John S. has spent nearly all his life in Franklin township. Sarah, daughter of John Trimmer, married Jacob Bush, and lived and died in Franklin. They were the parents of John S., Susan, Sidney L., Sarah, and Jacob. Tunis Trimmer, son of Herbert, had five sons, all deceased except Servis, who lives in this township. Amos was the father of Joseph P. Trimmer, of Quakertown. Tlie McPherson family is an old one in this vicin- ity. The first by that name of whom we have any knowledge was Samuel, who in 1764 owned land extending from the graveyard at Nixon's to Quaker- town. He died in 1772. Our efforts to gain a certain knowledge of his family have been futile. There is little doubt that he was the father of three brothers, — Nathaniel, Samuel, and David, — of whom mention is made by their descendants, but there is no proof. Some assert that he was himself one of the three, but thirty-eight years intervened between his birth and that of David, — a difference not likely to exist be- tween brothers. These brothers, it is said, at one time owned most of the land between Quakertown and Cherryville. David, in 1768, bought 100 acres of Gershom Lee and John Griggs, described as being a part of the Mount Carmel tract, surveyed to Col. Daniel Coxe in 1712. Later David McPherson was located at Quakertown, keeping a tavern. He died in 1880, aged eighty-three, and was buried at Nixon's, by the side of his wife, Rebecca, who died in 1801. Samuel McPherson lived between Sidney and Young's Mills, on a farm now occupied by his grand- son, Harry. His children were Asa, Daniel, Mary, Hetty, and George. The last, father of the present owner, died at the homestead. Asa was the father of Samuel, Mary, Amos, and Theodore. The last two are living near Cherryville. Reuben McPherson, Sr., was killed by the acci- dental discharge of a gun in 1795. He left a family of seven children, — Thomas, Rebecca, Sarah, Mary, David, Anna, and Reuben. Thomas married Mary Chamberlain, and had David, Elizabeth, Phebe, Ger- shom, Ann, Maria, Rebecca, Lucretia, ThomavS, Cath- arine, Truman, and Samuel C. Rebecca, daughter of Reuben, married John Cham- berlain ; Sarah married George, the father of John Q. Case, of Cherryville; Mary married George Tee- pie ; Anna married Daniel Pierson. Five of the chil- dren of the last couple are living in the township, — Mary Pegg, Susan Case, John, Reuben, and Jacob S. Pierson. Reuben McPherson married Sarah Barton, and had Mary, Charity, John, Elizabeth, and Reu- ben. He was killed by falling from a mow in 1831 . All these families, except the last three and the Races, belonged to the Society of Friends. Bartholomew Thatcher, a Tory captain in the British army, was born in 1785. About 1810 he lived on the farm now occupied by John Trimmer, Jr. He afterwards lived and died where Mrs. Brown now re- sides, near Quakertown. STORES. The first store of which there is any knowledge was kept by Charles Hoff at Pittstown as early as 1758. A commissary store was kept by Moore Furman dur- ing the Revolution where now stands William R. FKANKLIN. 435 Smith's residence. Among others still remembered is one kept by "Captain Ealph" and Benjamin Guild — commonly called " Benny Giles" — about a hundred years ago, at Pittstown, near the present location of William Stryker's store. Nabor Boeman and Wil- liam R. Smith built the stone house in which Joseph Tharp now lives, and kept a store there about 1840. Luther Opdyke kept in the same building about 1850. Both the store-houses now in that village were built by Sylvester Probasco, who still owns and occupies one of them. The one owned by Stryker was built in 1856, the other in 1867. The first in Quakertown was kept by Henry Cliff- ton, in the house now owned and occiipied by Dr. Abel. Cliflfton settled there about 1777 ; but it is not known when he established the store ; there is proof that he was in the business in 1796. He continued until about 1830. Another, on a lot now owned by Elijah Potts, was kept by John Coats about 1815 ; he was followed by Richard Arison. James Waterhouse, as early as 1824, kept in the old red house now owned by E. H. Trimmer. It was subsequently kept by ■ Larison, Miller Kline, G. W. Waterhouse, and John Tenbrook. In 1843, on the lot now owned by Elijah Potts, Christopher and John Sullivan transformed an old cooper-shop into a store. They were followed by J. and E. H. Trimmer, who in 1851 erected the store now owned by John H. Vail and occupied by J. D. Stires. G. W. Waterhouse and Benjamin Shackleton built the corner store in 1844. It has since been kept by Trimmer & Holcombe, Cronce & Allen, Gary & Brother, A. J. Green, Edward Mason, William and Thatcher Trimmer, and others. Theo- dore Probasco's furniture-shop was built by him in 1842, and Christopher Sullivan was the first occupant. The first in Cherryville was built in 1841 by Wil- liam Aller. This burned down in 1864. John Ilofif- man, who owned the property at the time, rebuilt in 1865. For several years past it has been kept by Reuben Pierson. James Waterhouse kept for a short time in the old stone building east of the mill at Sidney, somewhere about 1835. In 1864, John M. Baldwin built the present store-house at that place. TAVERNS. The Quaker influence was against taverns, but they sprung up and flourished in spite of this opposition. In the minutes of a monthly meeting held at Quaker- town in 1779 we find this entry : " The committee on reformation report there is one Fiiend keeps a tavern, which is under care ; they are desired to continue their care, and report to a future Meeting." The old tavern-house at Cherryville was built in 1739, and still stands as the oldest landmark in that vicinity. It has recently been repaired in such a manner as to destroy its aged appearance, and also to conceal the stone on which was inscribed the date of its erection. Of the early days of this tavern noth- ing is known. About sixty years ago it was kept by one Fonner, who died and was believed by the super- stitious to have haunted the place. In 1830 it was kept by Reuben McPherson, who was killed by falling from the mow of the shed, Jan. 16, 1831. It is now several years since a tavern was kept here. David McPherson kept a tavern at Quakertown about 1790, — some say on the lot on which William Cronce's house now stands. When or by whom the present building was erected is not known. William Large was landlord from 1807 until 1819. It is now the only licensed house in the township, and is kept by Abram Little. Tradition says that whisky was sold as much as one hundred years ago at or near what in later years be- came known as the "Frog Tavern." There was a hut southwest of the spot on which the house now stands, in which darkeys dispensed the fiery beverage at " three cents a smaller." At a later day Amos Trimmer built a log house on the site of the present building, and kept a tavern there until his death. In 1851 this house was replaced by a frame building, under its present owner, Thatcher Trimmer, who kept the tavern until it was discontinued, a few years ago. There used to be a tavern where Cornelius Aller now lives, above Sidney. It was kept by Thomas McPherson about 1825, and by James Waterhouse about 1830. Early in the present century a tavern was kept by Hugh Runyon at " Allen's Corner." PHYSICIANS. James Willson was probably the first physician within the limits of Franklin. He was married in 1736, and bought the homestead of his father in 1742. In existing documents the title of M.D. is first connected with his name in 1756, but, as most of his earlier papers have been lost, it is very likely he be- gan to practice soon after his marriage. His account- books, still preserved, covering the years 1758 to 1765, and 1774 to 1777, show quite an extensive practice. He died in 1777, aged sixty-four.* The first physician in Quakertown is said to have been Aaron Forman, who lived where J. L. Nixon now resides, and practiced fi-om 1766 to 1794, when he removed to Pittstown. He was the second to prac- tice in that place, John Rockhill having preceded him. Other physicians at Quakertown were Henry H. Schenck, 1820-21; William Watson, 1831-38; Albert S. Clark, 1848-56 ; James H. Studdiford, 1856 -57. Matthias Abel commenced the practice of medicine at Quakertown in 1857, and is the only physician now in the township. * Dr. Blane entirely omits this name from his valuable " Medical His- tory." This omission no doubt arose either from a lack of records, or from the belief that he was merely one of the " handy men." The writer believes that the papers now i[i his possession fully establish Dr. Will- son's standing as a regular practitioner, and justify the placing of his name at the head of this list. 436 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. HIGHWAYS. A deed from Daniel Doughty to Joseph Stemiard, of Philadelphia, drawn in 1749, mentions the " Rar- ington" (Earitan) road. This is the old name of the road running east and west through that village. An examination of various deeds leads to the conclusion that it was laid out between 1733 and 1749, and the Trenton road between 1749 and 1764. The road leading from Pittstown southward is men- tioned in a lease drawn in 17;"i6 as the "road leading from John Emley, Senior's, to Charles Hoff's," now Pittstown. The road from Bellair's Corner south- ward is mentioned in 1773 as a " two-rod road that runs between Adam Swagart's and Messrs. Monkhill and Clark.son's.'' The road to Allen's Corner from the west is spoken of in 1768 as a " road leading to the great road leading to Trenton.'' The one from Quakertown northward was a public highway in 1789 ; that from the Frog Tavern westward was laid out about 1826. The Lehigh VaJley Railroad, crossing the northern part of the township, was commenced in 1872. The first passenger-train passed through this township Jane 12, 1875. CIVIL ORGANIZATION. Until about the middle of the last centur)', what is now Franklin township was included in Bethlehem. From that time to the date of its erection into a sep- arate township it formed part of Kingwood. The act establishing the township of Franklin was approved March 21, 1845. The first town-meeting is thus re- corded : "April 14th, 1845. — At our annual town-meeting held at the house of Samuel Trimmer, in Quaker Town, in the township of Franklin, county of Hunterdon, and State of New Jersey, the following persons were chosen by the majority of votes, to serve the township in their respective offices the ensuing year : Moderator, John Aller ; Town Clerk, Theodore Probasco ; Assessor and Overseer of the Poor, William "W. Aller ; Collec- tor and Overseer of Poor, Edward Mason ; Chosen Freeholders, Daniel Little, Theodore Holcomhe ; Surveyors of Highway, John Pierson, John Mechlin; Constable, Barzilta Kobbins; Committee, John Sullivan, Theodore Probasco, Dr. John Manners, George W. Waterhonse, Abra- ham Lawshe; School Committee, Daniel Allen, John Lee, Alexander Kea; Commissioners of Appeals, Edward Mason, David Everitt, Elisha Uurd ; Judge of Election, Alexander Rea ; Pound-keepers, Joseph G. Case, Peter S. Sigler." The principal officers since the formation of the township have been as follows : TOWN CLERKS. 1845-47, Theodore Probasco ; 1848-49, Josiah Willson ; 1850-54, Theodore Probasco ; 1865-66, Blias H. Trimmer ; 1857-58, Daniel Allen ; 1859, Asa Snyder; 1860-62, Reuben Pierson; 1803, Lemuel B. Myers; 1864, A. T. Trimmer; 1865-69, Reuben Pierson; 1870, Lemuel B. Myers; 1871-72, Aaron T. Trimmer; 1873-75, Asa R. Cronce ; 1876- 78, Enoch B. Sujdam ; 1879-80, Edward 0. Trimmer. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. No record of their election was kept until 1859, when John Trimmer and John S. Trimmer were elected. The former held the office until the time of his death, in 1873. In 1864, John S. Trimmer was succeeded by his brother, Henry S., who holds the office at present. In 1874, William Large was elected ; in 1879, James Hoff. SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS. Up to 1847 a school committee was chosen each year. In 1845-46 this committee consisted of Daniel Allen, John Lee, and Alexander Rea. In 1847-48, Daniel Allen was superintendent; 1S49, Elias H. Trimmer ; 1850-55, Dr. Albert S. Clarke ; 1856, Theo- dore Probasco ; 1857, James H. Studdiford ; 1858-66, Dr. M. Abel. A change in the school law in 1867 abolished the office. ASSESSORS. 1845, William W. AUer ; 1K4C^7, Daniel Allen : 1848-51, Daniel Pieraou ; 1.S62-63, Alexander Kea ; 1854, HoUoway H. Race ; 1856-57, Luther Opdyke; 1858-69, Joseph B. Pierson ; 1800, Luther Opdyke; 1801, John Pierson; 1863-05, Thatcher Trimmer; 1806-67, John Trim- mer; 1369-09, Uriah Larue ; 1870-72, UeTlben Pierson; 1873-79, Thatcher Trimmer ; 18S0, Charles M. Trimmer. For a list of the freeholders of this township, see page 264 in this volume. STATISTICAL. According to the census of 1880, Franklin has 1339 inhabitants, and the assessors' books for the same year show that it contains 14,449 acres, valued at $871,400. The assessed valuation of personal prop- erty is 1446,960 ; the amount of debt, $373,373; the amount of taxable property, $944,987. The number of polls is 387 ; number of surviving soldiers of the late war, 23. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. Pittstown, lying partly in this township, is its oldest village. It was so named by Moore Furman, during the Revolution, in honor of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. Previous to this it was called Hoff's, who preceded Furman as owner of most of the prop- erty around.* It is sometimes spoken of in old deeds as " Pitts Town Mills." As elsewhere noted, it was the seat of milling industry at a very early day. It is said to have been a point of some importance during the Revolution. It contains two stores, one grist- mill, one foundry, one machine-shop (all in Fraukl|n), two blacksmith-shops, and about twenty dwellings. The post-office was established May 17, 1821, with Robeson Rockhill as postmaster. It was discontinued Sept. 23, 1831, and re-established July 12, 1834, with Leonard N. Boeman postmaster. The appointments since have been William R. Smith, April 27, 1840, and Aug. 25, 1845 ; L. A. Boeman, June 21, 1841 ; Luther Opdyke, July 19, 1850 ; John L. Tinsman, Dec. 24, 1850; William M. Stryker, April 7, 1859, still in office. Quakertown was once called Fairview, but the name seems never to have gained general favor. Its present name is derived from the fact that it was a Quaker settlement. It does not appear to have been generally so called, however, until about the begin- ning of the present century. In 1794 the road to Pitts- town is mentioned in a deed, not as the road from * For these facts, as well as muiy otliers concorning Pittstown and vicinity, we arc indebted to Dr. Henry Riice. FRANKLIN. 437 Quakertown, but as " the road leading from the Quaker meeting-house," etc. What is now known of the store and tavern kept here at an early day is told elsewhere. ' In 1789 the Quaker grounds were surveyed by Robert Emley, who drew a draught of the place. This draught is still in existence. The road running north is marked " Eoad to Reba. Cott's ;" west of that road is " Coates' Lande," and east of it is " Murfin's Lande." " Samuel Kester's house" is drawn where J. T. Stires now lives, " Henry Cliifton's house" where Dr. Abel lives, and " John Brown's house" on Abram Lawshe's corner. These are the only houses shown in the drawing. William, father of Theodore and Joseph Probasco, had a cabinet-shop on what is now Joseph Probasco's corner, probably as early as 1817 ; his residence was the house in which James Hoflf now lives. Before ] 800, Hezekiah Waterhouse built a wheelwright-shop, afterwards used as a store-house, on the south side of the road ; it is now occupied as a dwelling, and is known as the "old red house." Edward Welstead lived about sixty years ago on the lot now belonging to Elijah Protts. In 1831 the ground on which the corner store, the residences of J. P. Trimmer and Samuel Trimmer, the Methodist Episcopal church, and the parsonage now stand was a vacant lot. At present the village contains a Methodist church, a Friends' meeting-house, two stores, two blacksmith- shops, and about thirty dwellings. The post-office was established April 2, 1828, with William Nixon as postmaster. Subsequent appoint- ments: James Waterhouse, March 21, 1832; George W. Waterhouse, Oct. 15, 1841'; Elijah Warford, March 12, 1852; Henry S. Trimmer, July 15, 1853; Samuel Trimmer, June 5, 1857 ; John P. Gary, June 16, 1864; Elias H. Trimmer, June 13, 1865; Andrew J. Green, March 26, 1867 ; John H. Vail, March 19, 1869 ; J. D. Stires, April 16, 1877. Cherryville, formerly called Dogtown, is near the Raritan line. It was named in 1839 in honor of ■a Cherry family who once owned most of the land around it. It contains a Baptist church, a store, a wheelwright-shop, a blacksmith-shop, and about a dozen dwellings. The post-office was established Dec. 26, 1850. William Large was the first post- master. Since then the following have served : Asa S. Snyder, Aug. 5, 1857 ; Reuben Pierson, April 11, 1860, and June 4, 1875 ; Andrew Emans, Jan. 10, 1862. Sidney, so called on a map of 1769, is a small hamlet in the northeast of the township. It contains a store, a mill, and four or five dwellings. The post- office was established March 10, 1832, with Richard Coxe as postmaster. The office was discontinued July 11, 1837, and re-established Sept. 6, 1837, when Carmalo F. Carnand was made postmaster. George W. Holcombe was appointed Oct. 4, 1841 ; David Phillips, May 9, 1843; James Boss, Nov. 7, 1848; John M. Baldwin, April 12, 1860; Joseph King, Aug. 12, 1862 ; John M. Baldwin, April 2, 1863. The last named still holds the office. Oak Grove, in the south of the township, was so called on account of the fine oak-forests around it. It consists of a grist-mill, a saw-mill, a blacksmith- shop, and three dwellings. The post-office was estab- lished in 1857. Josiah Willson, the first postmaster, still holds the position. SCHOOLS. No records of the early schools have been preserved. All the information now available concerning them is stored up in the memories of old people or buried beneath piles of dusty documents. Just when and where the first school-house in Franklin was erected it is impossible to ascertain. The first of which there is any knowledge was built on or near the corner now occupied by Joseph Everitt's buildings. From a lease in possession of Dr. Race, found among his father's papers, we find that the corner mentioned was leased for school purposes in 1756. About 1810, Charles Potts taught in a log house which stood on a corner of the wood just west of Everitt's buildings. This was evidently the second house. A few years later it was removed to St. Thomas' church, where it did duty for many years. The minutes of a monthly meeting held in " Quakertown," No. 42, in 1752, have this entry : " "We have likewise considered the proposal for settling a School, But, being few of us and so remote from each other, and Some of us under Low Circumstance, so that it seems unlikely to us that we shall be able to raise a sufficient salary to Support Such School, otherwise we should be very free, and Heartily join with the Proposal, believing it would iu some good degree answer the good purpose intended." All authorities agree that the first school-house was built of logs. A draught drawn in 1789 fails to show that building, which indicates, if it does not prove, that it was not erected until after that date. From what is known by old residents, it would appear that it was built soon after. In 1817 a new school-house, 16 by 21 feet, was erected south of the road, on a small triangular piece of ground conveyed by Henry Cliflfton. This land is now included in the lot owned by John Johnson. After the new house was built, the old one was re- moved, to Henry Cliflfton's lot, now Theodore Pro- basco's, north of the meeting-house, where it is used as an " out-kitchen" to this day. The first trustees are said to have been Henry Cliflfton and Thomas Craven. The first teacher in the new house was Erastus Eno, who taught only a short time. He was followed by Henry Coats, who remained several years. Israel Clarke had charge of the school about 1823. Dr. Henry Race taught three terms in 1836-37. In 1850 the present two-story stone building was erected by a stock company for a high school or academy. It was soon after opened to the public school. The upper story is occupied by Lackatong Lodge, No. 114 (Odd-Fellows). The first teacher in 438 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. this building was Samuel Peel, the second, Charles Kellogg. The school is now under charge of Wilson Eittenhouse. The first school-house at "Sidney," No. 46, was built of stone, on the corner north of the present school- grounds, in or about 1816. The first teacher wa.s a Mr. Palmer. Nathan Wakefield taught about 1825. This building stood until 1865, when a frame house, 20 by 30 feet, was erected. Miss Adeline Probasco was the first teacher in the new house. Miss Emma Apgar now has charge of the school. The trustees are Joseph Eea, Jonathan Butler, and Hezekiah Geb- hardt. "Franklin," No. 42, was formed chiefly from the lower part of the Quakertown District, though it is probable that district-lines received but little attention at that day. The first house, a small log structure, was built in 1826. The first teacher was Amos Lundy. A. B. Chamberlain, afterwards sheriif of the county, once taught in this house. It was burned down after a few years, but was replaced by a frame building, 18 feet square, in 18.37. Arthur W. Lundy was the first teacher in this house. The new building, as well as the old, stood in the edge of the grove just west of the present school-house. From the circum- stance of its location this school is sometimes called " Maple Grove." The second house remained in use until 1871, when a new one, 22 by 30 feet, was built, at a cost of $800, on a lot purchased of Joseph Myers. George Robinson was the first teacher in the new house. The present teacher is E. T. Bush, and the trustees are Abram E. Vail, George W. Scott, and William Dubon. The first school-house in " Cherryville," No. 45, was built about 1830," of stone, near the road, on the ground still devoted to school purposes. In the win- ter of 1830-31 the school was taught by Samuel Wood. In 1860 a frame house, 22 by 30 feet, was erected. Among the teachers since the school was established have been Peter Eake (1833), Jemima Atkinson, Garfield, Page, Nathan Solomon, Elias Trout, Matilda Cook, Joseph Buchanan, John Stout, Eeuben Pierson, Clara Bonham, Skillman, Emma Hoff', Mrs. Emma Opdyke, and the present teacher, Elias L. Dalrymple. The trustees are Whitfield Henry, William Volk, and Gershom McPherson. The school-house at " Sunnyside," No. 44, formerly Young's Mills, a two-story frame building, was erected in 1854. Nathan Solomon was the first teacher. Miss Lizzie Nixon now has charge. The trustees are Lem- uel Marshall, Jacob S. Smith, and Tunis Smith. Long before a school was established at either Cherryville or Sunnyside there was a little log school- house below the hill, about half-way between the two. The date of its erection is unknown. A stone house was built on the same spot, — some say in 1839 ; others, * Bev. C. S. Conliling'B " Centennial Report" says that there was a log house, built in ISOO, near the site uf the present buildiug. a few years later. It was soon abandoned and allowed to fall into decay. In 1852 a school-house was built at the cross-roads wesl of Oak Grove. A school was kept here at irreg- ular intervals until 1871, when the district was divided, part being united with Franklin and part with Bap- tisttown District. The house is still standing, and is occasionally used for religious purposes. Famous among the few who made teaching a busi- ness was Jemima Atkinson, said to have taught in every school in the township. There are but few who were pupils here anywhere from twenty-five to fifty years ago who do not cherish lively recollections of "Aunt Jemima." The five schools of Franklin, according to the " Eeport of the State Superintendent for 1879," had a total enrollment of 273, out of a school population of 285 ; average time of keeping the schools open, 10.5 months ; average attendance, 117 ; value of school property (estimated), $4250; total amount re- ceived for school purposes, $1616.94 ; average salary per month,— males, $34.67 ; females, $28.82. CHURCHES. I'EIENDS' MEETING AT QDAKEBTOWN. The first religious society organized in the town- ship was the Friends' meeting at Bethlehem, then a general name for all the country around. Unfortu- nately, the exact date of its organization cannot be ascertained. The first meeting-house is said ("Tra- ditions of Our Ancestors") to have been built of logs, near the site of the present building, before 1700, and the second in 1714. This statement is evidently er- roneous. The first Monthly Meeting was held on the " 10th day of the 7th month, 1744," and from that time to this records more or less complete have been preserved. Back of this there is one date positively fixed by deed of Jacob Doughty to Samuel Large, Samuel Willson, Edward Eockhill, John Stevenson, and Joseph King, dated March 20, 1733, and convey- ing four acres of land to the said parties, for the uses of the meeting. There is no reason to doubt, though there are no records to prove the fact, that the first meeting-house was built soon after the date of this conveyance. At the first Monthly Meeting, Benjamin Williams and Mercy Stevenson declared intentions of marriage. Caleb Eaper was made clerk of the meeting. Among the Friends first mentioned in the records are found the names of Kester, Webster, King, Emley, Ste- venson, Willson, Williams, Large, Paxson, Lundy, Doughty, Price, Myers, Coate (or Coats), Atkinson, Schooley, etc. At the Burlington Quarterly Meeting held Dec. 12, 1744, permission was given to build a new meeting- house at Kingwood, "that they already have not be- ing large enough." It was recommended that it be built of stone, about 36 feet long and 26 wide in the clear. FRANKLIN. 439 March 3, 1747, it was ordered that the following re- port be made : " That we are building our new meeting-house here 39 feet long and 27 feet wide, and that we expect by computation that the Cost will amount to £150." This house was burned before it was fully com- pleted, and the Friends were soon again busy with their building. From the minutes of the Monthly Meeting held Feb. 1 3, 1752, we quote : "This meeting appoints Jeremiah Williams, Jonathan Robeson, Jos- eph King, and Thomas Atkinson to agree with suitable workmen to re- pair the meeting-house of Fiiends in Kingwood (known by the name of Bethlehem Meeting-house) in such sort, manner, aud form as they think best." In 1754 they report the house rebuilt on the former model, " as nearly completed as it was before it burned down." They were then holding their meet- ings in the new house, which it had cost them £107 to " repair." This was the old stone house which stood for more than a century. For more than eighty years it was the only house for religious purposes within the present limits of Franklin township. During the war of the Revolution it was used and abused for a time by a detachment of British soldiers. Tradition says that during their stay here some of them died and were buried in the " Quaker wood," a lot lying east of the road, and now owned by Joseph Probasco. During this trying period many Friends suifered for opinion's sake. Some were thrown into prison and subsequently fined for refusing to take up arms or " become instruments for the shedding of human blood."* In 1862 the historic old building, which, with its old-fashioned "hip-roof," had stood as a landmark to four generations, was torn down, and replaced by a smaller and more modern, but substantial, structure. John Willson and Abram E. Vail are the present * The following is a brief account of Friends suffering, belonging to Kingwood Preparative Meeting in the years 1770-78, for not complying with the unjust requisition of Men to become instruments in shedding Human Blood. ** Dor worthy Friend, Jos. Moore, for refusing to take the Test of Alle- giance to the Stale of N. Jersey so called & abjuring the King of G. Brit- tain, was Confiued in Trenton Jail near Six weeks & had the Test ten- dered to him again by the Court, but he refusing to comply, was fined in the sum of £50, aud discharged from confinement, for which sum the following Chattels were distrained: 1 yoke of oxen & 1 Mare, worth £40 Os. ; for Militia Fines & Tax, 1 yoke Oxen, 2 Cows, 1 Mare & 1 Colt, worth £61 0». "Wm.Paxson,l Mare.l Gun, 3 young Cattle &1 Horse, worth £36 lOs. " Saml. Kester, 1 ox, 2 Cows, 1 Mare & 2 steers, worth £36 0». " Paul Kester, 1 Mare, worth £18 Os. " Jos, Drinker, 2 Horses & 1 Cow, worth £36 10s. " Henry ClifTton, 7 Halts, worth £St 10s. " Jno. Kester, 1 Cow & 1 young Cattle, worth £9 lOs. "Susannah Webster, for her son, 1 Cow, worth £3 lOs. " James Willson, 1 Gun, worth £2 5s. " Samuel Willson, 1 Mare, worth £25 Os. " Our Friend, John Allen, about the age of 22, for refusing to take the test to the State of N. Jersey so called aud abjuring the Crown of G. Brit tain, was confined in Jail lor some time & fined by the Court £25, for which was taken 1 Cow, 1 Feather Bed, 20 pr. of Shoes, worth £19 10s. " For Militia Fines, 1 Cow, 3 sides of Leather, 2 pr. of shoes 1 pr. Boots & Some Leather, worth £8 5k. ".Tos. Webster, 1 Cow & :i Cattle, wortli fll lOs." trustees. The latter has also acted as clerk for many years. The society is rapidly waning. Only a few of that faith remain in all the region round, but the organi- zation is kept up and meetings are held as regularly as though the house was thronged. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH OF QUAKEETOWN.-j- ■ Methodism was introduced into Quakertown by Daniel Green and his wife, who came about 1836 and opened their doors to preaching by itinerants. Prior to this there was a Methodist church at Flemington, and one at Everittstown. When Daniel Green moved away (date not recorded), another Methodist couple, David R. Bodine and his wife, moved into the house vacated by Mr. Green. Nine persons composed the first class. These were David R. Bodine and wife, Abram Slack, Pearson Orison and wife, G. W. Waterhouse and wife, and Abram Bennett and wife. Of these Mr. Bennett re- mains to the present day. The first preachers were Jacob Hevender and James M. Tuttle, with Mr. Ma- zellus, a local preacher. Soon after the " regular or periodic visitation," a wood's-meeting was held about a mile north of Quakertown, at which about thirty were converted. The good work was then transferred to the old school-house in the village. This was in 1888. The school-house soon proved to be too small, and it was decided to build. The lot was donated by G. W. Waterhouse. The church was erected in 1840, at a cost of $1200, upon very nearly the site of the pres- ent structure. Rev. A. K. Street and Rev. George Hitchins were the preachers in charge. The build- ing committee consisted of G. W. Waterhouse, D. R. Bodine, D. Green, and Rev. A. E. Street. After the building was raised, Peter S. Sigler — not a member of the church, but a well-wisher of the cause — ofiered to bear one-third the cost of side-gal- leries. At this liberality Rev. George Hitchins took courage, and raised the balance in a very short time. At this time the Quakertown Circuit embraced Quakertown, Frenchtown, and Everittstown. In 1842, Zerubbabel Gaskel was appointed first preacher on the new circuit. He served faithfully for two years, and was then followed by Joseph Gaskel, who bore no relation to his predecessor ; he remained one year. Abram M. Palmer was appointed in 1845. In 1847, Thomas T. Campfield came to the circuit. During his second year he conducted a protracted meeting which resulted in the conversion of 108 per- sons. Sylvanus W. Decker was appointed in 1849, and Rodway Wynans in 1851. In 1853 two preachers, Joseph G. Tally and John D. Blaine, were appointed to the Quakertown Circuit. The latter died from the efiects of rupturing a blood- vessel. Brothers Korah and Robb were appointed about •f Chiefly condensed from a histovical sketch written by the pastor, Bey. D. Halleran, iul878. 440 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. this time. They remained but a short time. Joseph Horner then took charge, serving one year. Joseph Sleeper followed, and remained two years. In 1856, W. W. Christine took charge. He was followed by John S. Coit, since deceased. He was instrumental in the purchase of a parsonage near the church. It was bought of G-. W. Waterhouse for $1000. A great revival crowned his labors. W. W. Voorhees was the next preacher. Quakertown and Everittstown now constituted one charge. J. P. Daily succeeded Mr. Voorhees, and remained two years. Everittstown was now placed with French- town. Mount Salem and Pattenburg were connected wdth Quakertown. J. B. Heward was pastor from 1864 to 1866, and M. F. Swaim for the next three years, followed by Joshua Mead, who remained two years. The question of a new church began to be generally agitated. Peter D. Day was the next pastor. In 1874, George W. Horton was appointed to the Quakertown charge. He remained three years. Dan- iel Halleran followed in 1877, Some of the points of interest under his ministry are thus noted : " The church united. "A hlessed revival, 116 persons at the altar. " Tlie inception [and completion] of a new church enterprise. Size of Ibuilding 44 by 70 feet, with tower projection and pulpit recess, 7S feet." May 16, 1878, the corner-stone was laid by Eev. E. S. Arndt, presiding elder. In 1879, T. E. Gordon came, served one year, and was followed by Charles E. Walton, who has charge at present (1880). THE BAPTIST CHUKCH AT CHEEKTVILLE.* Previous to October, 1849, the Rev. Edwin R. Hera labored as a Baptist missionary in Cherryville and vicinity. On the 2d of that month a meeting of mem- bers of the Flemington, Kingwood, and Bethlehem Baptist Churches was called at Cherryville " for the purpose of considering the propriety of organizing a distinct Baptist Church at Cherryville.'' Resolutions favorable to the organization were passed. In compliance with Baptist usage, a council of churches was called for Nov. 21, 1849, for the purpose of recognizing the new church. Delegates were pres- ent from the Baptist Churches of Flemington, Lam- bertville, and Kingwood. Rev. Joseph Wright, of Lambertville, was made moderator, and Rev. Levi G. Beck, of Flemington, clerk. After due deliberation, the church was recognized. The recognition services were : Sermon by Eev. John Davis, of Lambertyille : text, Matt. xvi. 18 ; prayer by Rev. William Shrope, of Flemington ; hand of fellowship, Rev. L. G. Beck ' ■charge to the church. Rev. Joseph Wright. The new church consisted of 49 members,— 39 from Flemino-- ton, 9 from Kingwood, and 1 from Bethlehem. The house was built in 1850. The first pastor was Rev. Edwin R. Hera, April 1 * Data kindly furnished by the pastor, Kev. M. B. Laning. 1850, to July 1, 1853. His ministry seems to have been successful, as the church numbered 95 when he resigned. For one year the church was supplied with preaching by different ministers, among whom for six months was Rev. William Shrope. A unanimous call having been extended to Rev. R. B. Stella, he entered upon his work .July 1, 1854. His was the longest pastorate since the organization of the church. It continued for more than ten years, or until Aug. 9, 1864, when death dissolved the connection. During his ministry 84 were added to the church. The next pastor was Rev. William D. Hires, Nov. 6, 1864, to April 1, 1867. During this time 29 joined. Rev. William Hump.stone took charge June 1, 1867, and remained until April 1, 1868 ; 20 were added, mostly by baptism. For more than a year no mention is made of any pastor. From May, 1869, to March, 1871, Rev. E. S. Lear was in charge. March 4, 1871, Rev. Charles E. Young became pastor, and remained until his death, Aug. 24, 1876. During his pastorate 45 were added. From October, 1876, to May, 1877, Rev. M. B. Laning preached as a supply, when, receiving a call, he became pastor, in which capacity he remains to the present time. During his ministry 21 have been added. The total membership of the church during the thirty-one years of its existence has been 305. Many of these have moved away, some have died, and about 160 are now enrolled. The parsonage was bought in 1869. The church is almost free from debt. BURIAL-PLACES. The oldest place of public burial in the township is the Friends' burying-ground at Quakertown. Here repose the ashes of many of the earliest settlers. Un- fortunately, there was among Friends an early aver- sion to the erection of tombstones with commemora- tive inscriptions. The records of burials do not date back of 1761, hence it is impossible to give any ac- count of the earliest interments. The first burials re- corded are : " A Memorial of the time of Death and Burial of Joseph King Senior, departed this Life the 10th Day ot the 12th Month, 1761, in the Seventy- eighth year of his age." " Our antient Friend Samuel Willson Died the Nineteenth Day of the Twelfth Month, 1761, and was Inter'd in Friends Burying-Ground at Kingwood the Twenty-Second Day of the Same Month, about the Eigh- tieth year of his age." "This our antient Friend Samuel Large Departed this Life at his House in Kingwood, the 9th Day of the 6th Month, 1765, and was de- cently Intered in Friends Burying-place there." The oldest stone marked and dated bears this in- scription : " W. B. Ag 31 yrs 1752." Among other old inscriptions are the following : " P. G. Died Feb. 13th, 1791." " Susanna Atkinson, died Oct. 24th, 1792, aged 35 years." " Aaron Formau, M.D., died Jan. 11th, 1805, aged 60 yeara." "In Memory of Ann, wife of Dr. Aaron Forman,who departed this life December 13th, 1794." " Jeremiah King, died July 2, 1829, in the 83d year of his ago." oxcui--^^ FEANKLIN. 441 " In memory of George Scott, who died April 12th,1821, aged 7S years." " Morris Robeson." " Elizabetli Robeson." The next oldest burying-ground is the one opposite J. L. Nixon's, formerly known as Craven's. It was deeded to the Society of Friends by Daniel Doughty, son of Jacob Doughty, by conveyance bearing date Sept. 20, 1764. It is therein described as "the lot known as the grave yard," showing that it had pre- viously been used as a place of burial. It was then bounded north, south, and west by lands of Samuel McFerson. The eastern boundary was a line running in the middle of the Trenton road. The Friends, who still hold the deed for it, opened it to the public, making it, of course, free to all. Their object, it is said, was to prevent their own graveyard at Quaker- town from being crowded with the remains of those not in sympathy with their society. The oldest in- scription, rudely chiseled on a rough stone, reads thus : " Samuel McFerson Sener was born April the 4 1709 and departed thi life September the 2d 1772. Aged 63." Other inscriptions : " Temperance Sutton departed this life April the 16 Day in the year of our Lord 1774." " In memory of Mary Drake, daughter of Imla & Temperance Drake, who departed this life September 21st, 1794, aged 7 years and 5 months." " In memory of Sarah Lair, wife of Wm. Lair, who departed this life January 15th, 1798, in the 42d year of her age." " In memory of Elizabeth McFerson, Consort of David McFerson, died December 4th, 1801, in the 68th year of her age." " In memory of Joseph Stockton who died Dec. 27th, 1800, aged 68 years, 9 months and 2 days." " In memory of Peter Teeple who departed this life November 29th, A.D. 1834. aged 85 years." " In memory of Sarah, wife of Peter Teeple, who died April 14th, 1852, in the 98th year of her age." There was once a colored people's ground in what is now J. L. Nixon's field, about 100 yards northwest of his house. It is said to have been the place of burial for the early slaves of this vicinity. People now living remember when two negroes belonging to Hugh Eunyon, who lived at "Allen's Corner," were buried there. The stones are now torn out and the graves plowed over, leaving no trace of their last resting-place. The ground at Cherryville was set apart for burial purposes in 1850. The first three interments were those of John K. Everitt, died March 5, 1850 ; Ann Maria McPherson, died March 16, 1850; Hannah Maria Johnson, died April 6, 1850. "The Locust Grove Cemetery" was incorporated in 1867. The original members were Henry S. Trim- mer, Sedgwick Little, Benjamin Egbert, Wm. M. Stryker, Elijah Hartpence, John B. Tomer, Wm. Large, John W. Welch, Joseph Everitt, and Abram Bennett. The first interment was that of William Haver's child; the second, that of Christiana, wife of Benjamin Botman. In the edge of a wood in the southwest corner of David Burd's farm is a lone grave marked by a rough stone bearing this inscription : " Sarah Yard, Died Apriel 12th, 1790, aged 42 years." 29 All memory of her seems to have been completely lost. The writer has tried in vain to find out who she was and the circumstances of her burial. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. The cultivation of the soil has always been the leading industry of Franklin. Her soil, made fertile chiefly through the agency of lime, produces fine crops of all the grains and fruits common to this lati- tude. The peach-crop is rapidly growing in import- ance. In 1846 the first peach-orchard was planted by Joseph K. Potts, on the farm now owned by G-eorge and Jacob Eace. The other pioneers of this industry were Thomas S. Potts and John Scott. The fruit was then carted to Easton. The business has increased so rapidly during the last decade that it is now a leading industry. Milling has been carried on from a very early day. The abundant water-power furnished by the Capoolon, the Lackatong, and the South Branch was not long suffered to run to waste. It is said that the first grist-mill was what was known in later years as the old fulling-mill at Pittstown. It was built by Ed- ward Eockhill before 1748. This was used as a grist- mill until after the Eevolution. It is said to have been for a long time the only one within a wide ex- tent of country. A new mill — that now owned by Charles Hann — ^was built by Moore Furman during the Eevolution for " army purposes." Subsequently the old mill was used for fulling. Thomas Twining carried on the business at one time, and Samuel Grant in 1813. , Another grist-mill was built at a very early day by Joseph King, Sr., where Young's Mills now are. The new mill at that place was built in 1850 by Peter E. Young and Nathan Shurts. The factory-building was erected in 1845 or 1846 by Peter R. Young, and the business of wool-carding and weaving was begun by Sheppard & Brother. It was closed in 1878. Thomas Twining bought, at a sale of James Dil- worth's property, in 1785, the mill-site now known as King's. About two years later he built the old fall- ing-mill, now used as a dwelling. The grist-mill was erected in 1799 by the same man. In 1811, Joseph King bought the property of Twining, who removed to the State of New York. William L., son of Joseph King, built the old oil-mill during the same year, and in 1812 commenced to manufacture linseed oil. The first mill proving insufiicient, in 1827 he built the one now in use. The first mill at Little's (now Tomer's) was built by Christy Little, date unknown. The new one, still in use, was built by John Little in or about 1815, after which the old one was for some time used as a distillery. The saw-mill, farther down the stream, was also first built by Christy Little. It was rebuilt about 1835 by Christy, Jr., a nephew. The stone building near by was built about 1818 by Christy and Oliver Little, for a fulling- and oil-mill. 442 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. The old mill at Sidney is said to date back to the last century. In 1860 a new one was built by John M. Baldwin. The saw-mill at Oak Grove was built in 1805 by Samuel Willson ; the grist-mill in 1856 by Josiah Willson. Hiram Deats began to manufacture plows near Quakertown in 1831, started a foundry for casting his plows in 1836, and added the casting of stoves in 1841. In 1852 the stove business was transferred to Stockton, N. J. In the same year he built the machine-shop at Pittstown, on the site of the old fulling-mill, using the same pond and tail-race, just as they were, perhaps, a hundred years before. In 1859 the foundry was built at Pittstown, and the entire business removed from Quakertown. In 1860, Mr. Deats began to manufacture reapers and mowers ; in 1866 he formed a partnership with William J. Case, Rutsan Case, and his son, L. M. Deats, doing business under the firm- name of Deats, Case & Co. Later the firm was L. M. Deats & Co. For fifty years, up to April 1, 1881, Mr. Deats has been either sole proprietor or senior partner. About a hundred years ago Daniel Potts and James Dilworth owned the land west of Cornelius Best's, and there operated a forge. Subsequently, Daniel Potts and his son William followed making scythes, just below the hill. The forge was about 100 yards south, on the other side of the Capoolon. As late as 1817 a large grain-distillery was in operation on the mill property at Pittstown. It was carried on by Benjamin Guild, who lived where William E. Smith now resides. Charles Hoff had a forge in front of the tavern at Pittstown before the Revolution, traces of which may still be seen. The manufacture of hats was at one time extensively carried on at Quakertown and vicinity. Early in the present century Thomas Craven lived on the farm now occupied by J. L. Nixon. He built the old house by the road for a hat-shop, and carried on the business there. Henry Clifiton and William Clifiton also manufactured hats. John Spiby had a hat-shop on the lot now owned by Aaron Trimmer. He was fol- lowed by Lewis Patterson, who relinquished the busi- ness in 1843, and Spiby in 1848 moved to Ohio. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. The following documents explain themselves : Manumission 1 " I do hereby manumit & set free from Bondage my Caty Allen, j Negro Child Caty Allen. "Witness my hand & seal this IStli day of Kot., A.D. 1805. " LORANNA Allen." " Keceived, December the Eighteenth, one thousand seven hundred &. Ninety-Seven, of Henry Cliffton, in behalf of Mingo Whano, the sum of seventy-five pounds, proclamation money of the State of New Jersey, it being the full consideration for a certain Negro Woman named Christiana & her Child named Samuel Coates Whano, sold by me this Day to the said Mingo Whano & to his Heirs and assigns forever, reed, per me. "Jacob Kace, Junr." Mingo Whano, thus having purchased his wife and "her son," manumitted them in due form, as is wit- nessed by John Rockhill and Robert Emley, and re- corded by Henry Cliffton. The following extract from an inventory of the personal estate of Dr. James Willson, taken March 15, 1777, shows that it was no trifling matter to set up housekeeping at that time : £ e. d. 6 Bushels of WTieat in seller 2 6 1^ barrels of Pork in seller 10 10 1 Copper Oittle 6 10 1 frying pan 14 I grid Iron 7 6 II mettle SpooDS 6 I Clock 14 6 yds. of 12 Hundred Linnen 2 6 II Coarse Sheats 11 llflneSheats 16 6 1 pare of Smoothing Irons 10 568 lbs. of Bacon at Is. 3d. per pound S5 " By Us, " Egbert Large, " Joseph King." MILITARY. ' Unfortunately, there are few records covering the period of the Revolution. Though never the scene of hostilities, Franklin, according to reliable tradi- tional authorities, was visited by detachments from both the British and the American armies. The British, it is said, were at one time encamped in the locust grove northwest of Quakertown. The ofiicers were quartered in the house of John Allen, now be- longing to John Laing. It is also a tradition well established that a part of the American army was once encamped at Pittstown, where there was a gov- ernment store-house. This store-house is said to have been a barn on the farm now owned by Hiram Deats, who removed the building about twenty years ago. Tradition says that Washington visited this village when on his way from Morristown, and stopped for a short time in the old house that stood partly on the present site of the dwelling on the same farm. In the Rebellion, Franklin bore her full share of the burdens. Co. D, Thirtieth Regiment, and the Hunterdon companies of the Thirty-first Regiment, contained many of her patriotic sons, while many others enlisted and served in the First, Second, Third, Fifth, Sixth, Tenth, Fifteenth, Thirty-fourth, Thirty- fifth, Thirty-eighth, and other infantry regiments, in the Second Cavalry, with a few representatives in the artillery and naval service. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ASA Mcpherson. Asa McPherson was born in Raritan township, Hunterdon Co., N.J., Feb. 2, 1798. He was a son of Samuel and Betty (Polhemus) McPherson, and his grandfather was born in Scot- land, and immigrated to this country. Samuel was twice married, and had in all seven children, of whom DANIEL LITTLE. FRANKLIN. 443 Asa was the first-born. Asa McPherson married Eliza Porter, of Clinton township, Hunterdon Co. They had seven children, three of whom died in childhood. Those living are Samuel, farmer, residing in the township of Alexandria; Amos, farmer and drover, of Franklin township ; Theodore, farmer, re- siding in the same township ; and Mary, wife of the late George Housel, of Flemington, N. J. ASA Mcpherson. Asa McPherson was an active, enterprising business man of his township, and, as a drover anxi agricul- turist, accumulated a handsome competence. He was highly respected as a citizen, was an earnest and san- guine Eepublican, but in no sense an office-seeker. He was a member of the Bethlehem Presbyterian Church till his removal to Flemington, in 1866. He spent the last years of his life with his daughter in Flemington, departing this life Feb. 25, 1880, aged eighty -two years and twenty-three days. Theodore McPherson, who occupies the old home- stead, near Cherryville, in Franklin township, was born on an adjacent farm, and removed here when about six years of age. He was brought up a farmer, and has made that his business through life. In 1866 he married Anna Stout, of Mount Salem, Union township, and has one son, Asa McPherson. DANIEL LITTLE. Daniel Little was born on the estate where he now resides, March 27, 1810. His grandfather, Thomas Little, purchased the homestead of the executors of Thomas Eockhill, the deed bearing date Dec. 4, 1749. After his death the executors conveyed the property to John and Christy Little, sons of Thomas, in a deed bearing date Jan. 30, 1804. Thomas Little married Esther Christy, a native of Ireland, and had six children, four sons and two daughters, all deceased. He died before the Eevolu- tion. His son, Christy Little, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in a log house which stood upon the site of the present stone house on the Little estate. He served five years in the Revolutionary war as brigade teamster, entering the service at the age of fifteen and continuing till the close of the war. Ee- turning home at the close of the war, he settled upon the farm, and married, Dec. 26, 1801, Eachel, daughter of Jacob and Joanna Cook. She was born Deo. 28, 1777, and died Feb. 10, 1859 ; he was born Sept. 11, 1761, and died Oct. 17, 1850. Their children were : 1. Charles,* born Sept. 16, 1802; 2. Joanna,* born April 29, 1804 ; 3. Esther,* born March 9, 1806 ; 4. Adelaide,* born Dec. 27, 1807 ; 5. Daniel, born March 27, 1810 ; 6. Sedgwick, born April 5, 1812 ; 7. Mahala, born July 25, 1814; 8. Thirza, born Dec. 12, 1817. The four members of the family living reside at and in the immediate vicinity of Littletown. Mahala married George Besson, and Thirza, William Taylor, farmers. Daniel Little was brought up on the homestead, which has been in the possession of the family since 1749, and received such education as the schools of his neighborhood afforded. His occupation has-been farming and milling, having been joint proprietor with his brother Sedgwick in the flouring-mills at Littletown for seven years, fi-om 1886 to 1843 ; at the latter date he sold his interest to his brother, and has since given his attention to agriculture. He is a Democrat in politics, and has discharged the duties of the most important local township offices. He has been for some three years past an elder in the King- wood Presbyterian Church, and for many years a member of its board of trustees. Mr. Little married Maria Hoff, Dec. 6, 1839, who was born Feb. 11, 1821, and died Aug. 2, 1856. They have two daughters, — Margaret Ann, residing at home, and Emma Eelis, wife of Norris Shupe, of Shiloh, Ohio. ASA CASE. Asa Case, son of William and Eachel (Evans) Case, was born in Earitan township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., April 14, 1821. He is the youngest of fifteen children, twelve of whom reached maturity, and his ' life has been devoted to agricultural and horticultural pursuits. The farm on which he now resides consists of one hundred and fifteen acres of well-improved land. He purchased the farm eleven years ago, and has since given his attention chiefly to peach-growing, from which he has realized very successful results. He is 444 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. a devoted temperance man, and an exemplary mem- ber of the Baptist Church at Chenyville. July 24, 1847, Mr. Case married Elizabeth Ann Rodenbock, a ASA CASE. native of Hunterdon County. She is a member of the Baptist Church and teacher in the Sunday-school. Of the four children, the fruit of their marriage, three, two daughters and one son, are living, and are also church members with their parents. HIRAM BEATS. The subject of this sketch is of German descent on his father's side. His grandfather, William Deats (Deitz), came from Germany and settled in Hunter- don County, about four miles northwest of Fleming- ton, where he followed the occupation of a wheel- wright, being a workman of great skill and ingenuity. He had a family of several children, of whom John, the father of our subject, was the only son. John Deats married Ursilla, daughter of Capt. Eli- sha Barton, who, with his eldest son, Henry, served through the Revolutionary war. Capt. Barton lived on the old homestead in Raritan township both before and after the war, and died there about 1820. The property then passed to his son John, and from him to his son Isaac, and from Isaac to his son John, the present occupant. Mr. Deats has lived to see five generations on the old homestead of his maternal grandfather, and the sixth growing up in its imme- diate neighborhood. Three generations lie buried in the old graveyard on the place. John Deats, like his father, was a wheelwright by trade, and followed that occupation most of his life. He began early to experiment in plows, and made the model of the celebrated Deats plow, which, in the hands of his son Hiram, has become so widely and favorably known. He obtained the patent for it, and, not being able to engage in its manufacture, went West for the purpose of disposing of rights there, and never returned. Hiram Deats was then a young man verging upon his majority. He was born April 12, 1810, and had spent a portion of his minority in working at the shoemaker's trade near Flemington. The thought occurred to him that he could take his father's model and do something with it in the way of manufactur- ing plows for his immediate neighbors. He was a young man, then scarcely of age and extremely poor, and he little dreamed of the magnitude to which the business would ultimately grow. The wish to do something in this direction was father to the deed, and in 1831 Mr. Deats began at Quakertown, near his early home, the manufacture of a plow which has well stood the test of all competition for fifty years. Being of an ingenious turn, the patterns for the first castings were made by him, and he was able to turn his hand to almost any mechanical job required in the fitting up and working of his foundry and shop, — a gift or faculty which was really the key to his future success; for, had he been obliged to hire all these things done, he never could have succeeded, and his enterprise must have died in its infancy. For many years he was sucoessfiil in everything he touched, and, indeed, his whole life since has fiirnished but few exceptions to this general rule of prosperity. In 1831, as we have said, he began manufacturing the Deats plow near Quakertown. In 1836 he started a small foundry for the ca;sting of his plows. To this he added the casting of stoves, which grew to be a considerable business and continued till 1852, when he divided the business, transferring the stove-casting to Stockton, N. J., and built a machine-shop at Pitts- town, on the site of the old fulling-mill which was originally used as a grist-mill in the time of the Rev- olutionary war and afterwards, using the same pond and tail-race which were then used. (This was the only grist-mill throughout a large extent of country at that early day.) At this shop he commenced the manufacture of horse-powers, threshing-machines, corn-shellers, etc., leaving the foundry and plow business at Quakertown. Seven years after, in 1859, he moved to Pittstown, and built an addition to the machine-shop and a new foundry the same year, bringing all the business from Quakertown, and in the year following added to the business the manufacture of reapers and mowers. Seven years later, in October, 1866, he formed a co- partnership with William J. Case, Rhutson Case and his son, L. M. Deats, doing business under the firm- name of Deats, Case & Co. Seven years later Rhut- son Case bought the interest of William J. Case, and LEBANON. 445 the business was conducted under the name of L. M. Beats & Co, making in all fifty years up to April, 1881. A severe blow fell upon Mr. Deats and his house- hold in the death of his son, Lemuel Madison Deats, whose name stands at the head of the iirm. He de- parted this life July 26, 1879, in the prime of his manhood and usefulness. Li 1850, Mr. Deats bought the very desirable prop- erty at Pittstown where he now lives. Upon this property stood an old house and barn which were there during the Eevolutionary war, the barn being then used as a government store-house, and the house, it is said, was that at which Gen. Washington stopped for a time on his return with a portion of his army from Morristown, after their hard winter there. The present house is partly on the old site, and three long stones used as steps to the old house are now used at the entrance to the yard. Mr. Deats is known, and has been for half a cen- tury, as one of the most busy mechanics in this sec- tion of the countiy, devoting more hours to work and business than most of his contemporaries. He is now, though on the shady side of seventy, engaged in his general business, in superintending improvements on his farm near Flemington, and in the erection of a large brick building in the village, — interests which require his constant care and attention. Mr. Deats married, first, Nov. 10, 1838, Rebecca, daughter of Jonathan Higgins, of Hillsborough, Som- erset Co. She was born June 26, 1820, and died Aug. 6, 1862. Four children were the fruit of this mar- riage, three sons and one daughter, of whom only the latter survives. Their names and dates of birth are as follows: Jonathan H. Deats, born Nov. 8, 1840, died Aug. 16, 1850 ; Emly Ogden Deats, born Sept. 13, 1842, died Oct. 31, 1866; Lemuel Madison Deats, born June 23, 1845, died July 26, 1879; Rebecca Julia Deats, born Oct. 11, 1848. Mr. Deats married, for his second wife, Elmira Stevenson, of La Salle Co., 111., by whom he has one son, Hiram E., born May 20, 1870. LEBANON. GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. This is the extreme northern township of Hunter- don County, and is bounded northeast by Morris County; southeast by Tewksbury and High Bridge townships; southwestby Bethlehem township; north- west by Warren County. The Musconetcong Creek is the dividing line between this township and War- ren County. NATURAL FEATURES. The surface is quite uneven, rising at some points several hundred feet above tide-water. A ridge of the Musconetcong Mountains runs nearly east and west across the township, forming the divide, the waters on the south falling into Spruce Run, while those on the north empty into the Musconetcong Creek. The principal stream is Spruce Run. It rises in School District No. 1, a little above Anthonytown, flowing southwesterly, westerly through the centre of township, and southerly, breaking through the moun- tain at Glen Gardner and Clarksville. The South Branch of the Raritan is the dividing line between this township and Tewksbury. The soil is, as a rule, susceptible of a high state of cultivation, especially along the Musconetcong, Spruce Run, and Raritan River. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Among the pioneers was Abraham Banghart, better known as " Uncle Abram." He lived on the land pur- chased by his father in 1765. His grandfather came from Rhinebeck, Germany, and hired out as a team- ster with Allen & Turner at Solitude Forge. His son George purchased 300 acres of William, Richard, and Daniel Coxe, of Burlington, and built a log house on the same spot where " Uncle Abram" lived and died, in School District No. 7. George married Abraham Van Buskirk's daughter, who lived on the farm now occupied by Samuel Apgar. Thomas Van Buskirk lived where the late James Force lived and died. Frederick Fritts lived near the Lutheran church, and Jacob Lernenger at what is now "White Hall." These, with others living at quite a distance, united in building the Lutheran church at Spruce Run, about 1795. " Uncle Abram" used to say that his father, though a leading church-member, would attend parties and was the usual fiddler at dances. Spinning-frolics, which were very common, always wound up with a dance and "going home with the girls in the morn- ing." In those days wild turkeys were quite often seen in this vicinity, and as late as 1820 deer were very plenty in Lebanon township. James Force was one of the pioneer settlers, near what is now Glen Gardner. His grandfather, Wil- liam Force, in company with two brothers, came from England. He married a Miss Wolliver, whose father was from Rhinebeck, Germany. Thomas Force was 446 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. a millwright, and settled at Rowland's Mills over a hundred years ago. Among other pioneers near the Spruce Run Lu- theran church were Mathias Castner, Morris Fritts, Leonard Hipp, Thomas Foss, Philip Crater, William Fritts, Jacob Terreberry, Jacob Lunger, Andrew Banghart, John Banghart, Thomas Banghart, Isaac Hildebrant, and William Taylor, all of whose de- scendants live on the old homestead or in the vicinity. In what is now School District No. 5, where the old homesteads are nearly or quite all occupied by those of a direct line of descendants, there located the Castner family, — Daniel, Jacob S., and Crazy Jake, — Joseph Foss, Joseph Thomas, Samuel Wea- ver, William F. Fritts, George Ackerman, and Thomas Aston. In District No. 4 there were Peter Castner, William E. Prall, and J. Stearns, son of Abram ; in No. 8 Richard Rounsavall (where S. Shep- herd now lives), Joseph Johnson, Joseph L. Bowlby, David Parks, and Jacob Johnson. In School District No. 2 the Hicksonbough, Backer, Huffman, Erts, and Lauce families represent the pioneers. The pioneers of School District No. 3 were George and Matthias Trimmer. One of Matthias Trimmer's sons now occupies the old homestead on which his father located over one hundred years ago. The Neighbours and Huffmans were also among the pio- neers in the southeast part of the township. White Hall District was settled about 1765 by Jacob Lenenger, Stoffle Hildebrant, George Fritts, John P. Lance, John Apgar, Paul Anthony, Christo- pher Tiger, and John Anderson. June 10, 1772, Samuel Johnson and Mary, his wife, sold 125 acres to " Peter Van Boskerk," covering the farm now owned by John Eveland, the hotel property of E. Humphrey, and other lots in the village of Glen Gardner. The same land was sold to the grandfather of John Eveland by Van Buskirk. enOST STOEY. Among the old stories best remembered in this locality is that of the Morristown ghost. Tom Bang- hart says that some men from this locality were among the victims. In 1788 one Eansford Rogers, a school-teacher from Connecticut, professing a deep knowledge of chemistry, pretended that it gave him power of raising good and dispelling evil spirits, and through them of finding hidden treasure. A tradi- tion was then current that immense sums of money lay buried at Schooley's Mountain. Rogers, taking advantage of this, formed a company and held secret meetings at midnight, drawing dupes into a " charmed circle" and performing incantations too various to mention. The whole upper part of Hunterdon County was excited over the matter, and numbers believed in it till the chief actor, getting drunk, revealed him- self, a ghost of flesh and blood, and was sent to jail. There are many versions of this matter, but these are the main facts. EXTRACTS FROM PIONEER RECORDS. '* Lebanon, March 17, 1734. — Election of officers : Schooley and Hollo- way, Freeholders; Samuel Schooley, George Malloat, Overseers of the Poor; John Moore, Assessor; Abraham McDaniels, Collector; Edward Barber, Gasper Hendershott, Commissioners of Highways ; Lawrence Howleson, Jacob Angell, Overseers of Highways ; James McGraden, Constable. " May, 1734. — Upon the petition of divers of Inhabitants of the town of Lebanon setting forth that William Phillips of the s'* town retails liquore by small measure and keeps a disorderly House, & it appearing to this Court that the s^ Wm. Phillips has no Lycence granted him to keep a Publick House of Entertainment, it's ordered by the Court that Justice Martin Ryeraon & Justice John Van Sickle do inquire into the Truth of the allegation of the said Petition ; & if the said justices shall think it convenient, they may suppress the said Publick House & order the s* Wra. Phillips to Retail no more strong liquors by small measures." CIVIL HISTORY. For lack of township records we are unable to give civil officers of this township prior to 1841. Those who have served since that date are : TOWN CLERKS. 1841-42, Andrew Banghart ; 1843^5, James Madison Johnston ; 1846-47, Peter A. Beavers ; 1848-49, Morris F. Martenis ; 1860-81, David H. Banghart ; 1862, George Beavers ; 1863, 1864-66, Nelson Read ; 1854- 56, Ambrose Fritts; 1857-58, Michael Banghart; 1869-60, Elias Fritts; 1861-63, George Banghart; 1866, Stewart F. Bell; 1867-68, Abraham S. Banghart ; 1869-70, Mansfield H. Beatty; 1871, Christo- pher Martenis; 1872-73, John H. Parkinson; 1874-76, William V. PraU; 1877-78, Jacob N. Miller; 1879-80, Eugene Eveland. ASSESSORS. 1841, Benjamin Fritts; 1842-43, 1848-49, William R. Prall ; 1844-45, 1802- 63, Thomas Banghart; 1846-47, George Beavers; 1850-51, James Madison Johnston; 1852-63, David H. Banghart; 1864^66, Samuel Fritts; 1856-57, Morris F. Martenis; 1858-61, Abraham W. Grant; 1864^66, Frederick Fritts; 1867-68, Andrew Crater; 1869-70, 1873- 74, Conrad Davis ; 1871-72, Mansfield H. Beatty ; 1876-76, Joseph Bon- nell; 1877-80, William V. Prall. COLLECTORS. 1841^2, Morris Fritts; 1843^14, Bonj. Fritts; 1845-46, Ralph Beavers; 1847, Samuel Fritts ; 1848-49, Leonard Hipp ; 1850-61, Peter C. Apgar ; 1852-53, George Jones ; 1854-66, John Hill ; 1866-67, Abraham W. Grant ; 1858-69, Lewis Young ; 1860-61, Samuel C. Fritts ; 1862-04. 1867-68, Samuel Beinhart ; 1866-66, Elias V. Creger ; 1869-72, Dennis Sullivan ; 1873-76, Andrew B. Flomerfelt ; 1876-78, John Eveland ; 1879-80, George W. Beatty. CONSTABLES. 1841-42, Thom.TS Banghart, Anthony W. Beinhart; 1843-44, Joseph A. Srope, Thomas Banghart ; 1845, Thomas Banghart, John Dean ; 1846, John Dean, Abraham Apgar; 1848-60, Thomas Banghart; 1851, George Jones, Thomas Banghart ; 1862-66, Jacob Crater ; 1856, J. J. Walters ; 1867, Geo. W. Beatty, Abraham W. Grant ; 1868-60, Abraham W. Grant ; 1861, John B. Crane ; 1862-66, Thomas Banghart, John B. Cremmer ; 1866, J. B. Cremmer, Andrew Crater, Thomas Bang- hart ; 1867, Andrew Crater, Nelson Read ; 1868, Mai-tin Lunger, N. Read, George C. Trinmier ; 1869, Coni-ad Davis, Martin Lunger, Mar- tin O'Brien ; 1870, Thomas L. Anderson, William McCann, John S. Cox ; 1871-72, T. L. Anderson, William McCann ; 1873, W. MoCann, Henry Peirce, T. L. Anderson ; 1874, T. L. Anderson, John H. Par- kinson, W. McCann ; 1876-77, T. L. Anderson, A. B. Banghart ; 1878- 80, T. L. Anderson, Stewart T. Bell. TOWN COMMITTEE. 1841, Abram Banghart, Peter C. Apgar, David Neighbour, George Franks, Jacob Anthony ; 1842, Anthony W. Reinhart, A. Banghart, D. Neigh- bour, P. C. Apgar, Geo. Pranks, Jacob Anthony ; 1843, Lewis Young, D. Neighbour, Peter H. Rowland, George Franks, David P. Srope ; 1844, Lewis Young, Samuel Fritts, Peter H. Rowland, D. P. Srope, William R. Prall ; 1845, George Foss, Samuel Fritts, Benjamin Fritts, LEBANON. 447 D. P. Srope, W. R. Prall ; 1846, George Fobb, Jacob M. Trimmer, Benjamin Fritts, George Jones, Morris F. Martenis ; 1847, William C. Beavers, Frederick Lance, G. Jones, M. F. Martenis, Lewis Toung ; 1848, Frederick I. Hoffman, F. Lance, Sylvester Bowlby, Andrew Banghart, Lewis Toung ; 1849, F.I. Hoffman, A. Banghart, S. Bowlby, Abram Banghart, John S. Davis; 1850, Abram Banghart, John S. Davis, Peter Eveland, Zacharlah Flomerfelt, Andrew Banghart ; 1861, Z. Flomerfelt, P. Eveland, Jacob Pence, Andrew Banghart, Benjamin Fritts; 1862, Benj. Fritts, J. Pence, Nelson Bennett, Charles Force, Richard Rounsavall; 1853, George W. Beatty, N. Bennett, Lewis Toung, Jacob A. Wise, Joseph B. Fritts; 1854, L. Toung, J. A. Wise, G. W. Beaty, J. B. Tritts, W. E. Prall; 1865, W. E. Prall, G. W. Bowlby, Ranee H. Gray, Elias Fritts, Jacob Anthony ; 1856, Ranee H. Gray, E. Fritts, George W. Bowlby, J. Anthony, John C. Miller ; 1857, J. C. Miller, G. W. Beaty, John Eveland, E. Fritts, R. H. Gray; 1858, J. Eveland, Q. W. Beaty, Nathan Lance, Adam Reinhart, Nel- son Read ; 1859, Adam Reinhart, Nathan Lance, R. H. Gray, D. H. Banghart, B. S. Beavers ; 1860, N. Lance, D. H. Banghart, Ranee H. Gray, E. S. Beavers, Abram S. Banghart ; 1861, Nathan Lance, D. H. Banghart, Elias V. Creger, A. S. Banghart, Ebenezer S. BeaveiB; 1862-63, D. H. Banghart, E. S. Beavers, A. S. Banghart, E. V. Oreger, Martin O'Brien; 1864, Abram Banghart, George Banghart, Martin O'Brien, E. "V. Creger, Cornelius Stewart ; 1865, C. Stewart, George Banghart, M. O'Brien, Leonard Neighbour, Ira C. Anderson ; 1866, 0. Stewart, Daniel C. Anderson, Peter Walters, L. G. Neighbour, Jona- than M. Welsted ; 1867-68, C. Stewart, D. C. Anderson, G. Banghart, J. A. Wise, William S. Brown ; 1869-70, J. A. Wise, John Gardner, G. Banghart, Isaiah Trimmer, Joseph B. Fritts ; 1871, G. Banghart, J. B. Fritts, J. A. Wise, G. Gardner, D. C. Anderson ; 1872, D. C. An- derson, William Beatty, J. B. Fritts, George Gardner, Peter Martenis ; 1873, D. C. Anderson, P. Martenis, G. Gardner, G. W. Beatty, William Beatty ; 1874, John Wise, John Fritts, G. W. Beatty, W. Beatty, P. Martenis ; 1875, P. Martenis, W. Beatty, J. Fritts, Isaiah Apgar, John Wise; 1876, P. Martenis, John Fritts, I. Apgar, Andrew Castner, John C. Miller ; 1877, L. H. Trimmer, George K. Bird, Christopher Bryant, J. Apgar, A. S. Banghart ; 1878, G. K. Bird, L. H. Trimmer, J. C. Miller, Joseph Hipp, P. 0. Castner; 1879, G. K. Bird, John 0. Apgar, Jacob Hipp; 1880, John C. Apgar, Jacob Hipp, John M. Shannon. The chosen freeholders from 1800 to 1880 may he found on page 264 of this volume. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. JirerCTION is situated in the northwest corner of the township, a considerable portion of it reaching over into Bethlehem township ; it is comparatively a new town. Here is the junction of the New Jersey Cen- tral and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Kail- roads, from which fact the place derived' its name. Previous to the advent of the Central Railroad, in 1852, there was no village here. But when it became established that the junction of the two roads was to be at this point, one sprang into existence as if by magic. A plot was surveyed, building loan associa- tions formed, and when the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western was completed to this point, in 1857, a thriving village was ready to welcome it. The lands upon which it is located were formerly owned by John Bowlby, M. D. Wells, Nathan Terreberry, and A. Skillman. The Central Railroad, in 1865, built extensive re- pair-shops, machine-shops, etc., here, which caused a speedy increase of population. The Delaware, Lack- awanna and Western also built similar shops, which made a still greater demand for tenement-houses, stores, etc. The pioneer tavern was built in 1852, a short dis- tance west of the railroad shops, by Joseph BonneU. The house is now owned by Chester V. Dilley, and is unoccupied. The present National Hotel, opposite the depot, was built by Dennis Sullivan, in 1865, and in 1867 the " Junction House," a little farther west, was built by D. T. McCarthy. The pioneer store was kept by M. D. Wells, a short distance east of the Delaware, Lackawanna and West- ern Railroad shops. " Wells' Hall" was built in 1875, on the corner of Main Street and Wells' Avenue, and is three stories high. The lower floor is occupied by stores and the post-oflBce, the second is a public hall, and the third is occupied by four diiferent civic societies. The first physician was Philip G. Creveling, in 1866. The pioneer postmaster was M. D. Wells, ap- pointed in 1865, and still holding the oflSce. The first church was built by the Roman Catholics in 1860. It was in the west part of the town, and is now occu- pied as a private dwelling. The present Roman Catholic church was built in 1865. Business is represented by ten or more stores, a blacksmith-, tailor-, shoe-, and other shops, three ho- tels, a school-house, and three cigar-manufactories. VILLAGES. Glen Gardner is located on the extreme western border of the township, in a romantic glen through which winds the Belvidere and Burlington turnpike (laid out more than a century and a quarter ago), and the Central Railroad of New Jersey, built here in 1852. Over a century ago this locality was known as " Eveland's Tavern," and soon the glen became known far and near by the name of " Sodom." Just when the first settler located it is impossible to say. John Eveland built and kept a tavern as early as 1760. The present hotel covers a part of the site of the old one. John Eveland kept the tavern for fifty-five years, his son, Peter, for forty, his grand- son, John, for ten, when the property was purchased by E. Humphrey, present owner and proprietor. It is now known as the " Clarksville Hotel." Jacob Leninger built a saw-mill near the tavern ; it stood adjoining the site of the present grist-mill. Soon after (or about 1800) the population of " So- dom' ' commenced changing quite rapidly. The pioneer store was kept by a Mr. Clark, in 1820, on the oppo- site side of the road from the present " Hunterdon manufactory." A post-office seeming to be a neces- sity. Dr. W. A. A. Hunt was appointed, about 1820, and the office was named Clarksville, in honor of the old merchant, and kept in his store. The place is now better known as Clarksville than as either Sodom or Glen Gardner, as the one is nearly forgotten, while the other is of such recent origin that it has not come into general use. James Smith succeeded Mr. Clark in the old store- house in the bank, and was followed by Dr. W. A. A. 448 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Hunt, who moved the building up to near his resi- dence, where he kept both store and post-ofiice. Adam Runkle first kept the store on the west side of the creek, at the end of what is now the iron bridge, as. early as 1825. Other merchants were John and Aaron McKinstry, Prall & Eunkle, Lewis Young, James P. Huffman, Samuel and Jacob Weller, L. W. Young & Son, Young & Grant, and Watson Ander- son. In 1864 the Gardner Brothers established their chair-manufactory, when the name of the post-office and village was changed to " Glen Gardner" in their honor. There are three churches (Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, and Lutheran), one academy, a hotel, two grist-mills, a frame-factory, four stores, a coal- and-lumber yard, several shops, and a railroad depot, with Samuel Van Arsdale as agent ; Lewis F. Bigelow is the present postmaster. Population, 700. LowEE, Valley is a small hamlet situated in School District No. 3. There are a church, school- house, the post-ofiice, and about a dozen dwellings located within a mile of the four corners where the church is situated. Anthonytown, on the highlands of Hunterdon County, in School District No. 1, was settled as early as 1825 by David and Philip Anthony. There are at present a Methodist church, a school-house, a store, two saw-mills, blacksmith- and wheelwright-shops, and a few dwellings. The first store was kept by Jacob Beatty, in 185.3. A post-ofiice was established in 1860, with G. W. Beatty as postmaster ; he still acts in that capacity. White Hall is located in School District No. 6, on the south side of the township, and was settled as early as 1800, when Jacob Leuinger kept tavern here. The house had become weatherbeaten, and the pro- prietor painted it white ; hence the name by which the village has been known for eighty or more years. There are a tavern, store, blacksmith- and wheel- wright-shop, and half a dozen dwellings. New Hampton, situated on the Musconetcong Creek, in the northwest corner of the township, was settled as early as 1800. .The first tavern, kept by Elisha Matlick in 1812, is still standing, a short distance up the road, but unoccupied. There are a store, hotel, cabinet-manufactory, blacksmith- and wheelwright- shop, grist-mill, school-house, and about twenty-five dwellings. The present postmaster is George Apgar. CEMETERIES. There are several burial-places in this township, some of which are private plats or family grounds on the " old homestead," but the one in which the most interest centres is probably the " Spruce Run Burying- Ground," which is located about a mile east of Glen Gardner, and opposite the Evangelical Lutheran church. The following names and dates, taken from the tomb- stones and monuments in these grounds, give an idea of who the pioneers were : Anna Apgar, born Nov. 20, 1795, died July 4, 1877 ; George Apgar, died Nov. 6, 1864, aged seventy-one; Margaret Stymets, died June 8, 1809, aged eighty-one ; Frederick Fritts, Jr., died Aug. 23, 1812, aged fifty-three ; Daniel Castner, died Feb. 12, 1839, aged eighty-two; George Moore, died Jan. 2, 1815, aged ninety. On his headstone are the following lines : " Remember me as you pass by : As you are now, so once was I ; As I am now you aU must be ; Prepare for death, and follow me." Elizabeth Moore, died Oct. 17, 1810, aged seventy- seven; Christopher Martenis, died April 19, 1822, aged seventy-seven; Catharine McKinney, died March 2, 1863, aged eighty-five ; John McDan- iels, born July 1, 1785, died March 17, 1864; Peter Swick, died May 1, 1844, aged forty-six; Mary Larue, died April 17, 1856, aged fifty-five; Harman Dilts, died Oct. 28, 1842, aged forty-two ; Benjamin Fritts, born Nov. 11, 1781, died Sept. 29, 1861 ; Wil- liam F. Fritts, born April 18, 1783, died Jan. 27, 1871 ; Eachael Fritts, born June 13, 1789, died March 28, 1870 ; John Anderson, died Feb. 27, 1865, aged ninety-six ; Ann Anderson, died March 8, 1860, aged seventy-four; Thomas Hasten, died Dec. 15, 1835, aged eighty-eight; Margaret Hasten, died Dec. 15, 1852, aged ninety-one ; George Martenis, died April 15, 1860, aged seventy-five ; Jane M., wife of J. G. More, died Feb. 7, 1864, aged eighty-one; Rev. E. Collins, died Jan. 1, 1861, aged sixty-five ; Abraham H. Banghart, died Sept. 26, 1872, aged sixty-three ; Andrew Moore, born May 15, 1764, died June 1, 1846 ; Jacob Lininger, died Aug. 15, 1835, aged eighty-two ; Thomas Banghart, died May 12, 1859, aged eighty; Rebecca Banghart, died May 10, 1876, aged eighty- three; Christian Foss, died Oct. 8, 1865, aged sixty- nine ; Charles Plum, died April 29, 1860, aged thirty- nine; Rev. David Kline, born Nov. 14, 1812, died Nov. 5, 1877 ; Jane Kirkpatrick, wife of Rev. David Kline, born June 19, 1814, died June 1, 1875. "Lower Valley Cemetery" is located at Lower Valley, in the southeast part of the township, and adjoining the Presbyterian church lot. This, aside from the Spruce Run grounds, is the only one of much interest in the township. The names of a few of those buried there are : Elizabeth Gray, died June 19, 1867, aged forty-four ; William Neighbour, died March 10, 1878, aged eighty-three; Jacob Swackhamer, born Dec. 31, 1789, died April 20, 1851 ; Dr. J. K. Stryker, died Sept. 8, 1862, aged forty-one ; Conrad Hoppough, died Oct. 23, 1864, aged seventy ; Ralph Beavers, died March 31, 1863, aged eighty-one; Elizabeth Apgar, died March 27, 1863, aged eighty-two ; David Trim- mer, died March 1, 1824, aged sixty-five; Elizabeth Flomerfelt, died Aug. 26, 1848, aged sixty-nine; Wil- liam Apgar, died Feb. 19, 1835, aged sixty-six; Joseph Hoover, died Aug. 28, 1843, aged fifty-four; Sylvanus Young, died Dec. 11, 1857, aged eighty-two ; Leonard 'aS LEBANON. 449 Neighbour, died Dec. 10, 1854, aged ninety; Peter Bunn, born April 17, 1794, died Sept. 15, 1874; Ele- anor Hofl&nan, died Nov. 18, 1869, aged seventy-two ; Catharine Teeter, died April 13, 1837, aged seventy- two ; William Wack, died Jan. 30, 1864, aged seventy- two ; Ann Hance, wife of David Neighbour, died Dec. 2, 1834, aged thirty-four; Elizabeth, wife of David Neighbour, died July 22, 1857, aged fifty-eight. SOCIETIES AND CORPORATIONS. The Temple of Honor at Glen Gardner was organ- ized Nov. 28, 1872. The following persons signed the application for a charter : L. M. Castner, George Crater, George L. Dean, Lewis Fritts, David Hart, William Hart, Moses Housel, Samuel Litts, E. A. Martenis, Frank Maxwell, Peter Nelson, P. H. Pras- ter, Henry R. Queen, James G. Shnltz, Elwood S. Teats, Joseph J. Unanst. The first principal officers were : W. C. T., Samuel Litts ; W. V. T., Henry R. Queen ; W. R., Lewis M. Castner. The failure of the factories has very seriously af- fected the society. It still lives, but has only 12 members. The present officers are: W. C, M. G. Housel; W. V., J. Robbins; W. R., S. K. Doolittle; W. F. E., T. E. Hunt; W. T., W. M. Hunt; W. W., J. Petty; W. G., M. Geary; W. S., C. Martenis; W. Chaplain, C. H. Traver. "Shabbekong Tribe, No. 46, I. O. of R. M.," is located at Junction. The tribe was originally organ- ized at Washington, Warren Co., N. J., but was re- moved to Junction, where the tribe was reorganized June 21, 1878, with the following officers and members under the new charter: Sachem, A. Weidmann ; S. S., William Huselton; I. S., J. Duckworth; 0. S., C. G. Blackford; K. of W., John Hoppock; C. of R., A. M. Young ; and J. R. Rex, E. B. Hoppock, Charles Weid- mann, William B. Smith, G. German, William Rex, John S. Rodenbaugh, A. Rinehart, A. B. Apgar, S. Bowlby, S. Apgar, A. Nigh, J. B. McLean, H. Husel- ton, William Brown, P. Young, William Dorland, A. Apgar, James Brown, N. Conover, J. Walters, and W. Busenberry. Wells' Hall was fitted up for the tribe in the summer of 1880, at a cost of $300. The tribe is now in a flourishing condition, with 75 members. The Past Sachems are A. Weidmann, D. D. G. S., George Hummel, William Huselton. The present offi- cers are : Sachem, John Duckworth ; P. S., William Huselton ; S. S., G. W. Winters ; I. S., William Dor- land; K. of W., John Hoppock; C. of R., 0. J. Blackford. The following-named charter members of " George W. Taylor Post, No. 9, G. A. R.," were mustered in Oct. 24, 1878, at Junction: Capt. W. M. Shipman, A. Weidmann, Everett Gordon, Capt. Nelson Bennett, ;; Mahlon Smith, Bishop Smith, George Hummel, Hal- ; sey Berry, Stuart Bowlby, John Busenberry, Miller ',' Bell, John J. Bennett, William Cooper, William Flatt, Jethro German, Daniel Grooendyke, Theodore Hunt, Theodore Hoffiman, John W. Jobes, David S. John- son, Edward Lewis, P. D. Morgan, J. B. McLean, Almier Nigh, George W. Winters, U. A. Walton, and Herman Althemus. Everett Gordon was the first Com- mander; the present Commander (1881) is Miller G.. Bell. " Clarksville Cornet Band" was organized at Glen Gardner in 1871 by members of the " Order of United American Mechanics," with eighteen pieces, and for several years sustained a reputation second to none in the county. The band at present has twelve members, with officers as follows: John L. Tunison, President; William Stevenson, Secretary ; David Siegfried, Treas- urer; George Smith, Leader; Lewis F. Bigelow,. Instructor. " Musconetcong Lodge, No. 98, K. of P.," was in- stituted at Junction, June 9, 1874, by William R. Laudenberger, H. S. Puterbaugh, G. E. Hummel, E. E. Welsted, William C. Staples, M. D. Wells, Charles Ward, M. L. Van Arsdale, Charles Foster, and others whose names we were unable to obtain. The first officers were: C. C, W. E. Laudenberger; V. C, H. S. Puterbaugh ; P., G. E. Hummel ; K. of E. and S., M. D. Wells ; M. A., Charles Ward ; M. of E., W. C. Staples. The successive presiding officers have been H. S. Puterbaugh, G. E. Hummel, Charles Ward, M. D. Wells, T. T. Cyphert, Howard Frendsch, A. M. Young, E. P. Sharp, John Prall, T. T. Cyphert. The present officers are : P. C, John Prall ; C. C, James Bowlby; V. C, Alexander Lukens; P., Hannibal Bowlby; M. of A., Uriah Rinehart; K. of E. and S., E. S. Anderson ; M. of E., W. R. Laudenberger ; I. G., Halsey Berry; 0. G., A. P. Shive. Present membership, 45. " Lebanon Lodge, No. 6, F. & A. M.," was organ- ized at Clarksville in 1870, and assigned the number originally belonging to a lodge at this place, consti- tuted, as the number indicates, in the early days of Masonry in New Jersey. The following officers were installed : W. M., David Bruce ; S. W., Robert Fo- zard ; J. W., Monroe Curtis ; S. D., Stewart Terri- berry; J. D., Christopher Staats; Treas., John Eveland; Sec, Richard W. Taylor; Tiler, John C. Tomey. The Past Masters have been David Bruce, Robert Fozard, Monroe Curtis, John C. Tomey, James Huntsman, John C. Reeves, Peter S. Shurts, H. S. Puterbaugh, John M. Shannon, and I. J. Eyears. The present officers are : W. M., I. J. Eyears ; S. W., L. F. Bigelow ; J. W., W. H. Parker ; Treas., James Huntsman ; Sec, A. S. Pittenger ; Chaplain, John C. Reeves; S. D., P. S. Shrope; J. D., J. M. Shannon ; Tiler, R. W. Wolverton. Present mem- bership, 46. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. The grist-mill in School District No. 3, at " Cater- town" or " Teetertown," owned and operated by Lawrence H. Trimmer, was built in 1855. The old Wack mill stood upon the same site, and was 450 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. known for many years as "Wack's Mills." S. Dor- land's grist-mill, in School District No. 2, was built in 1820, and is now operated by George Apgar. At Anthonytown there are two saw-mills, — one built in 1830 by David Anthony, the other in 1840 by Wil- liam Waters. In the northeast corner of the town- ship there was a grist-mill, built as early as 1785, but it was burned, and in or about 1855 the present one was built by J. W. Homer. The place is known as Homer's Mills. Beatty's saw-mill, about a mile south of this, was built in 1855, by William Beatty, and is still owned by him. The " Point Mills," on the Musconetcong Creek, below Homer's mill, were built about 1800 by Stephen Yanatta, and here George Painter was miller in 1810. These mills were once owned by Dr. Clark, of Belvi- dere. They are now owned and operated by Pidcock & Skinner. The grist-mill on this side the Musconetcong, at New Hampton, was built in 1800 by Henry Dusen- berry. It is now owned by Wyckoff, Einehart & Co. The saw- and grist-mills of Josiah Apgar, located on Spruce Run, were built in 1865. The saw-mill of I. Bryan, below Apgar's, was built about 1835 by John Crater. In or about 1805, Thomas Foss built a grist-mill on Spruce Run, still known as the " Foss" mill, but owned by David L. Everitt. The first grist-mill at Glen Gardner was built about 1760. It was in use for a hundred years, when it was taken down, and the present one built in 1862 by Lewis Young ; now owned by William W. Sweazy. The grist-mill farther down the stream was built in 1835 by Dr. W. A. A. Hunt, and is now operated by David H. Banghart. A stone " bark-mill" was built in 1816 on the present site of the " Hunterdon Manu- facturing" mill ; it was subsequently converted into a grist-mill, but was destroyed by the " great freshet" of 1851. In 1864 " The Gardner Chair-Manufacturing Com- pany" built three large frame mills up the small glen on First Street, east of the railroad, and for a time employed hundreds of hands, but in a few years the business was abandoned, and the mills are now idle. In 1868 the Hunterdon picture-frame factory was built, and Got. 4, 1869, about half the building was destroyed by a freshet, but immediately rebuilt. Dr. Hunt became proprietor subsequently. The building is now used as a store-house for surplus goods. In 1830, J. S. Prall & Son built a large cabinet- shop and fnrniture-manufactory at New Hampton, with steam as the motive-power; they are still in business. A sash-and-blind factory was built by Dr. Hunt about 1865, operated a few years, and aban- doned. The blacksmith- and wheelwright-shops at Little Brook are owned and operated by William and George Anderson. The mine at White Hall was formerly the property of George Fritts, but is now owned by Alvah Gray and worked by the " Hellertown Mining Company." The other mines in the township are not working at present. CHURCHES. MOUNT LEBANON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. A meeting was held in the wheelwright-shop of William Hight, in the township of Lebanon, March 21, 1844, to adopt measures for the erection of a Meth- odist church, near the eight-square stone school- house, to be called the " Mount Lebanon Methodist Episcopal Church." The following building com- mittee was appointed, which comprised nearly or quite all the Methodists at Anthonytown or Mount Lebanon: John Fisher, Joseph T. Gerrard, Christo- pher Tiger, Henry Lindaberry, and Samuel L. Fisher ; the last named not being a member of the society. The committee entered upon their duties at once, and in May the corner-stone was laid. During the summer the church was completed and dedicated, at a cost of $900. It was of stone, 33 by 40 feet, with 16-foot THE OLD MOUNT LEBANON METHODIST CHURCH. walls. May 30, 1844, the following trustees were chosen : John Fisher, Cornelius R. Hight, Joseph T. Gerrard, Henry Lindaberry, Samuel L. Fisher, George AV. Beatty, and Charles Watson. In 1878 the church was remodeled and enlarged, and a spire 85 feet high added, in which was hung a bell weighing 1200 pounds, the gift of D. F. Beatty (now of Washington, N. J.), as was also the organ now in use. The corner-stone was relaid Sept. 27, 1878. The total cost of repairs and improvements was $4000. The first class-leader was Thomas Waters ; present leader, Christopher Bryan. Local preacher, John H. Moore ; Stewards, Christopher Bryan, Theodore Mc- Catherien, John H. Sliker, John L. Lindaberry; Trustees, John H. Sliker, John H. Moore, George W. Beatty, John R. Castner, H. Beatty, Theodore Mc- Catherien. Present membership, 80. John H. Moore is superintendent of the Sunday-school ; average at- tendance, 46. LEBANON. 451 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF LOWER VALLEY. Ttis church is located in the southeast corner of the township, in the small hamlet of " Lower Valley." The original members were from other churches, and more especially from the Presbyterian Church at Ger- man Valley, with which it was at one time connected. Many of the members living in the vicinity of Lower Valley began to feel the need of a place of worship nearer home, and Sept. 13, 1870, half an acre of land, upon which the church now stands, was purchased oi Samuel K. Weller. A building committee was at once appointed, consisting of Samuel Trimmer, Oliver Bunn, and David Neighbour. The corner-stone was laid in May, 1871, by Rev. I. A. Blauvelt, of the German Valley Church, and the building was com- pleted and dedicated Dec. 19, 1871. It is of wood, 38 by 65 feet, and cost $12,000. May 7, 1872, this church was regularly and legally organized by the " Presbytery of Morris and Orange," with the following constituent members : On certijBcate from German Valley Church, George Neighbour, Eliz- abeth Neighbour, David Neighbour, Jacob M. Trim- mer, Susan L. Trimmer, James Trimmer, Catharine Flumerfelt, Adaline Neighbour, Caroline Apgar, John Neighbour, Margaret Q. Neighbour, Charles Miller, Mary Miller, James Foster, Ellen Foster, Elias V. Cregar, Eliza Ann Cregar, Sylvester Neighbour, Zil- pha Neighbour, Mary Trimmer, Elizabeth Miller, Gilbert Trimmer, Caroline Trimmer, Samuel Trim- mer, Ann C. Trimmer, Leonard G. Neighbour, George E. Naughwright, Caroline Trimmer, George Apgar, and Ann Naughwright ; from Pleasant Grove, Rachel Apgar, Peter Bunn and wife, Abraham Hofiinan and wife, and Oliver Bunn ; from Flanders, Mary Welch ; from Reformed Church at High Bridge, Benjamin Cole and Sophia Cole; from Evangelical Lutheran Church of Spruce Run, 0. B. Hoffman and Margaret A. Hoffman. The first elders were George Neighbour, David Neighbour, and Jacob M. Trimmer. May 18, 1872, the following additional were elected : Elias V. Cregar, Benjamin Cole, and Abraham Hoffman. In 1874 the church officials purchased three-quar- ters of an acre, adjoining the church lot, and built thereon their present beautiful and commodious par- sonage at a cost of $4000. The first pastor was Rev. I. A. Blauvelt. He preached at German Valley in the forenoon, and at Lower Valley in the afternoon. He was succeeded, in December, 1871, or January, 1872, by Rev. R. H. Van Amburgh, who remained only till February, 1872, when Rev. John Reed was called. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. Chester Poe Murra, installed in May, 1876. His successor was the present pastor. Rev. W. J. Henderson, installed in May, 1877. This church is now in the Elizabeth Presbytery. Present value of property, $16,000 ; present membership, 154. The Sunday-school was established in 1840 by David Neighbour, the first superintendent. The pres- ent superintendent is Johnson Bennett ; average at- tendance, 60. CLAEKSVILLE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH is located at Glen Gardner. There is no written early Methodist history connected with this place, and such as we have is brief and somewhat indefinite. There was a class sustained here more or less regularly for a great many years, and the early circuit-preachers held forth at intervals in the old stone school-house, and in dwelling-houses. Wesley Robertson, Henry Trumbour, and others are mentioned as having traveled this circuit. Services were held in what was known as Gardner's Hall. April 16, 1863, the following trustees were elected : T. Edgar Hunt, William Gardner, George Gardner, John Gardner, Christopher Martenis, and Eleazar A. Smith. At this time it was resolved to build a church and parsonage, the lots being donated by Dr. T. Edgar Hunt, a member of the Presbyterian Church, who co- operated with the society in a most warm and cordial manner for many years. The church was built in 1863, at a cost of about $7000, as near as can be as- certained. It has received considerable improvements twice since then. In the last instance it was frescoed at a cost of $350. The parsonage was built in 1864 at a cost of nearly $3000. At the Conference of 1864, Henry Hayter was sent to the charge. He remained but one year. During his time about eighty-one are said to have been con- verted. Rev. David Walters came in 1865. He remained two years. Rev. Charles C. Winans ap- peared as the next pastor, in 1867, remaining three years. In 1870, Clarksville was severed from Union. Rev. Alexander Craig followed Rev. Winans, in 1870. He remained but one year. During his short time he inaugurated a series of meetings at the Junction, where, with the aid of an esteemed local brother, Dr. William Hacket, the foundation was laid by him of the present society. In 1871, Rev. Walter Chamber- lain came and remained two years. The next preacher was C. S. Woodruff, who came in 1873 and remained till 1876. In the spring of 1876, Rev. J. A. Kings- bury, to whom we are indebted for much of this brief sketch, was sent to this charge, and remained till April, 1879, when he was succeeded by Rev. S. K. Doolittle, the present pastor. The present trustees are C. Martenis, J. A. Davis, Jacob Foose, M. G. Housel, 0. Ward, J. Dalrymple, and Peter Praster. Present membership, 126 ; present value of church property, $15,000. JUNCTION METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The first society was organized at Junction in 1871, while Rev. Alexander Craig was pastor of the Glen Gardner Church. The place of meeting was in a hall since burned down. Rev. William Hacket supplied the infant society for a time, and a revival added a member to the class. M. D. Wells gave them a lot 452 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. upon which to build a church. Eev. Walter Cham- berlain, pastor at Glen Gardner, took charge of .Junc- tion, and Sept. 7, 1872, the corner-.9tone for the church was laid. The first trustees were George W. Rowland, T. H. Berry, .James Warman, J. W. Everett, Jethro German, Samuel Emery, M. D. Wells. The lecture- room was dedicated Feb. 7, 1 87.3. In the spring of 187-3, Rev. Henry Bice w;us ap- pointed pastor. A Revival followed, and many joined. In 1874 and 187.5, Eev. J. A. Dickson was pastor; 1876, Rev. H. B. Mollyneaux; 1877, Rev. Rich- ard Thomas ; 1878, Eev. J. A. Kingsbury ; 1879, Rev. S. K. Doolittle, present pastor. The audience-room was dedicated Dec. 19, 1880. Membership, 7G. THE FIEST PEESBYTBEIAN CHUECH OF CLAEKSVILLB was organized March 16, 1869, by the I^re-bytery of Raritan, with eighteen original members. The meet- ings were held in the Mondalia Academy at Glen Gardner until the present house of worship \va.s erected, in 1869, at a cost of *2.7,000. The building is pleasantly located on the Bethlehem side of Spruce Run. It is a memorial of the munificence and Chris- tian zeal of Dr. William A. A. Hunt, through whose efforts a church was organized and the hoase of wor- ship built. Rev. J. H. Clark was the first pastor ; he was suc- ceeded by Rev. W. .1. Henderson, who remained till the spring of 1874 ; since then the pulpit has been supplied by Rev. U. W. Condit, of Easton, Pa. Present membership, 23 ; present value of property, $2.5,000. T. Edgar Hunt, M.D., was the first superin- tendent of the .Sunday-school ; present superinten- dent, I. J. Eyears. THE NEW HAMPTON BAPTIST CHUECH is located at Junction. For over thirty years it was a mission of the old Bethlehem Baptist Church. Rev, Thomas Barras commenced preaching here and at N"ew Hampton village as a missionary in 18.31, and continued till 1850. Jan. 21, 1868, the New Hamp- ton Baptist Church was constituted an independent body. Rev. Mr. Barras wa.s succeeded by Rev. E. M. Bar- ker, who served till April, 1853. In 18.54, Rev. J. .J. Barker commenced missionary work here, and con- tinued till August, 1858. During this year the pres- ent church edifice was built, at a cost of $1600. In NovemVjer, 1858, Eev. William Archer came, and con- tinued until January, 1864. He was succeeded Vjy Rev. George Young, who remained until .July, 1867, followed in Xovember, 1867, by Rev. Henry West- cott, who continued till ,A.pril, 1872. The church was supplied by Eev. John Porter from .June 23, 1872, untilApril 1,1873, after which Eev. G. F.Herjdrickson officiated. He was succeeded by Eev. Thomas Young, from April 16, 1876, to April 1, 1878, when Eev. A B. Still, the piresent pastor, commencf;d his labors. ^Membership, January, 18-1, 25; value of property, $1200. Deacons, Nathan Terreberry, William Marte- nis ; Trustees, Nathan Terreberry, J. D. Peirce, Jacob S. Shrope, B. Woodruff, William Martenis. SPEUCE EUN LUTIIEEAN CHUECH. This congregation was organized in 1774 or the beginning of 1775. The first pastor was William Graff, who lived at New Germantfjwn, N. J., and preached at Spruce Eun from 1774-75 until 1809. The services for many years were exclusively in Ger- man, and were held every four weeks. From 1775 to 1800 this congregation worshiped during the summer in the barn, and in the winter in the hoase, of Fred- erick Fritts, on the premises now owned by Peter Martenis and occujnr^d by his brother Christopher. The first house of worship was erected in 1800 by George Banghart, Abraham Van liuskirk, Thomas Van Buskirk, Frederick Fritts, Cicorge Moore, An- drew Miller, Jacob Leninger, and Stoffel Hulsizer. They cut the yellow-poplar logs of which it was con- structed. This edifice stood on the north side of the main road, in the cemetery. The only record left as Ls that of baptisms. Dominie Graf «'as succeeded by Eev. E. L. Hazel ius in the fall of 1809. .June 13, 1799, Daniel AnUmy, f"rederick Fritts, .Jr., William Fritts, Philip Antony, Christopher Martenis, John Rinehart, and Andrew Miller were elected trustees. In 1815, Rev. E. L. Hazelius resigned, and was fol- lowed by Rev. David Hendricks, who served until 1822. The next pastor was Rev. Henry N. Pohlman, who served until 1834, when Spruce Run became a sejiarate organization and called Rev. Richard Collier, who served until I860.* At a meeting held March 5, 1835, it was resolved to erect a new church, and a building committee was apfjointed, composed of Andrew Bangliart, Capt. Benjamin Fritts, ^lorris Fritts, .Jacob Castner, Sr., and George Fritts, .Jr. The structure was of stone, and remained standing until 1870. During Mr. Col- lier's ministry the first parsonage was built, and is still standing. In consequence of failing health he re-igned, April, 1860, and in .June Rev. P. A. .Strobel was elected, and served four years, Vjeing in.stalled August loth. Oct. 30, 1864, he dissolved his relation with the charge, and upon his recommendation Rev. David Kline was elected pastor; he remained until his sudden death, Nov. 5, 1877. A fine church was built in 1870. The corner-stone was laid .July 30, 1870, and the church dedicated March 9, 1871. The building cost -*] 5,000, and has a basement, used as a Sabbath-school, lecture-room, etc. The first Sabbath-school was held intheschool-house near by, and continued there until the pastorate of Itev. .Strobel. Jacob Pence was the first superintendent; present superintendent, William TerreVjerry. In 1871 a section of the congregation erected a * At the end of hia flrat year be jirpju:hcA a lilBtorical gennoD, from which a f«art of thi« BkeV;h waa ;;athfer'i'l, Xfii^cAhnr with the afiCoUDt j;oi>- llfched in the Huut'-rdori lU^mhW/ui . 187'l, " AnnaU of tlic American Pul- pit,'' aod ioforrriation fr-jrri the preaf nt )fasAj:iT. LEBANON. 453 church in Clarksville. After the death of Rev. Kline a unanimous call was given to Rev. C. H. Traver, who began his labors in January, 1S78, and still re- mains. There are now on the roll over 140, exclusive of those in the Clarksville and Mount Bethel Churches. The church and parsonage are situated about a mile nortlieast of the Glen Gardner post-office. OliAKKSVILLE LUTHERAN OIIUECH.* The project of building a Lutheran church at Clarksville was conceived, about 1870, by several of the members of " Spruce Run Church." Rev. David Kline, their pastor, favored this enterprise, which was pushed forwai-d, and the corner-stone laid in May, 1S71. In the spring of 1872, Rev. David Kline became the pastor of this organization, embracing about twenty-six members ; he remained two years, and was followed in 187-1 by Rev. A. K. Felton. During his pastorate the audience-room of the church was completed, and in 1S75 was dedicated. Rev. George W. Anderson was the next, and the present, pastor. The church is -10 by 70 feet, aud has seating capacity for about 600 pei-sons. Its original cost was about $13,000. It is eligibly located between Clarksville and Hampton Junction. A Sabbath-school was organized under the super- intendence of Morris Fritts. David H. Banghart now presides over a school of 100 scholars and teachers. ST. ANN'S CATHOLIC CHUKCH. Twenty-seven years ago, at the time New Jersey was formed into a separate diocese, there was no Catholic Church deserving the name in this section. The Very Rev. Father Riordan, of Easton, still living, was the only priest to attend to the spiritual wants of his co-religionists from Belvidere to_ Frenchtowu. But when Bishop Bayley was made first Bishop of Newark and given episcopal charge of tlie whole of New Jersey, he thought proper to appoint two pastors, one to take charge of Philipsburg, and the other to care for the northern part of Hunterdon County and the eastern section of AVarren. Father Roland was assigned to the latter charge, and took up his resi- dence in Clinton. Shortly after the Delaware, Lackawanna and West- ern Railroad formed a junction with the Central Rail- road of New Jersey, near New Hanipton, Father Roland set to work bravely, and in a short time Old St. Ann's was constructed, about one-fourth mile west of the present site. After the church was completed, in 1858, Father Roland removed to New Hampton, and subsequently to Junction. In 1863 he was succeeded by the Rev. P. Leonard. To his mind the old frame building was inadequate, and he therefore determined to build a better struc- ture. He secured a plot of ground and at once set • Tioni notes furnished by Rev. George W. Anilerson. about gathering funds to carry out his design. In 1866 he began the present St. Ann's. In 1867 the work was completed and the church dedicated. The building is of brick, in the Gothic style, the main part being 70 feet by 40 feet. The chancel is 20 by 30, making the entire length 90 feet. The tower is not yet finished. After having completed the church. Father Leonard built the present parochial residence. By this time the congregation had grown to number over 1000 in the vicinity of the church, besides those who lived in Asbury, Bethlehem, and Polktown. In the fall of 1869 the Rev. Francis O'Neil was ap- pointed to St. Ann's. In the summer of 1880 he was succeeded by the Rev. M. J. Brenna,n, present incum- bent. The congregations number about 600. SCHOOLS. There are in this township eleven school districts. " Mount Lebanon" (District No. 1) is situated on the liighest land in this county. As near as can be ascertained, about 1793 school was taught by a Mr. Cooper in a log dwelling owned by Frederick Hipp. The house stood on lands now owned by John Wa- ters. A school was also kept in another private house, in what is now Anthony village, owned by the then teacher, John Forrester. This second house stood on lands now owned by Peter Waters. In 1797 or 1798 the first district school-house was built, entirely by voluntary subscription, on lands owned then by John Emery, now by Lorenzo Fisher. Among the first teachers in this new house were Fisher, Weaver, Creamer, Achers, and Thomas. Dur- THE OLD " EIGHT-SQUAEE" SCHOOL-HOUSE. ing 1833 a new stone (octagon) structure was built on lands of Samuel Slater and Jacob Anthony, — or rather in the centre of the public highway, — said lands be- ing now the property of Peter Slater and Moses Yan- atta. The building committee consisted of Benjamin Fritts, John Waters, and Jacob Anthony, who be- came the first board of trustees, and so remained for several years. This house, after a lapse of fortj'-three years, became unfit for use, and a new one was built 454 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. in 1876. Messrs. Peter Lance, George W. Beatty, and Peter AVaters were the building committee. The new house was first occupied Jan. 24, 1876, the teacher being Myron I. Skinner. The fii-st school-house of " Little Brook" (District No. 2) was built in 1854 ; the walls ai-e still standing as remodeled in 1S72. The first trustees were Peter L. Waters, Isaac Hofiman, and Casper Linderberger ; the first teacher, Albert Proctor. . " Lower Valley" (District No. 3) occupies the south- east corner of the township. Its early history is com- prised mainly in that of District No. 2, of which it was once part. The old house stood upon the site of the. present one, — the latter built in lSo7, 26 by 36 feet, and repaired in 1868. " Changewater" (District No. 4) is located on the north border of the township. The first and only school-house previous to the present stood about half a mile south. It was a frame building, built in 1815, in which year a Mr. Charleton was the teacher. The present house was erected in IS.")!), and cost $1500. " Mount Airy" (District No. 5) is the interior dis- trict of the township. The first school-house stood three-quarters of a mile west of the present one. It was a very modest affair, 16 feet square, of logs, and was probably built by the Thompsons in 1800 for the accommodation of the children of people employed in the ii-on-works. The present school-house was built in 1835, the first teacher in it being Richard AVcaver. " White Hall" (District No. 6) is in the south part of the township. The first school-house was built of logs, in 1801, by Frederick Felver. It stood in what is now the village of White Hall. The second house was erected, of stone, in 1820, by Benjamin Fritts. It stood near the present residence of John S. Apgar. The third (present) house, also of stone, was built in 1848 by Peter C. Apgar. The pioneer teacher was Samuel Anderson. "Spruce Run" (District No. 7) lies in the south- west part of the township. Its early history was ob- tained from papere of the late Rev. Richard Collier, late pastor of the Lutheran Church there. There have been three houses, all standing upon the site of the present one. The first was a small frame, built in 1766. After it became unfit for school purposes, there was no school in the district for several years. In 1825 a new house was built, a small stone building, which in 1874 gave way for the present structure. The teacher in 1793 was William Brown. "New Hampton" (District No. 8) lies in the north- west corner of the township. The pioneer house, of logs, stood on the site now occupied by the cabinet- shop of John L. Prall & Sons. The present edifice was built in 1823. Among the pioneer teachers were a Mr. Beetles and a Mr. McConnell. In 1870 the children of " Junction" (District No. 9) were included in Clarksville district. The present trustees are M. D. 'Wells, L. L. Fulpcr, and Everett Gordon. In " Clarksville" (District No. 10), on the west side of the township, the school-house is of stone, rough- cast, and was built in 1805. "Glen Gai-dner" (District No. 11) is in the south- west corner of the township. The present building is a two-story frame, built in 1865, near the depot. Academic branches are taught. John C. Bayers is the present principal. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. DANIEL F. BEATTY. Daniel Fisher Beatty, the subject of this sketch, was born on the summit of Schooley's Mountain (near Beattystown), in Lebanon township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., on the 14th of August, 1S48. He is the son of George W. and Elizabeth (Fisher) Beatty, the former being a son of James, who emigrated from the north of Ireland and was eighty -eight years old at the time of his death. John Beatty, one of the sons of James, of Ireland, was the father of' Maj.-Gcn. Sanuiel Beatty, of Stark Co.; Ohio, who served with distinc- tion in the Mexican war, and in the late war of the Rebellion rose through all the grades to the rank of major-general. James Beatty came to this country in the latter part of the eighteenth century. His son, George W., mar- ried when quite a young man, and brought up a fam- ily of ten children, four daughters and six sons, of whom the third son, Daniel F., has become noted for his extraordinary genius and enterprise in the devel- opment and manufacture of the popular musical in- struments which bear his name. In early life he evinced not only a rare business capacity, but a de- cided taste for music and for the rustic scenes sur- rounding his native home in the mountains. In the reception-room of the old homestead the visitor is shown the instrument — an old-fashioned melodeon, long since out of date — which first inspired the sub- ject of our sketch, while he little dreamed that in after-years he should be the means of introducing in- struments far superior to this one on which he prac- ticed his first youthful lessons. Amidst these early associations we learn for the first time the reason why we do not find him established in the city, like other large and influential manufacturers, carrying out his ideas amidst the hum and bustle of the busy mart, but preferring to remain near the place of his birth and to build up a business which has now become the chief industry of Washington, N. J. It is said that " young Beatty gave early indica- tions that he was not ' cut out' for a farmer." Tuck- ing his music-book under his arm, he would sally forth to the fields, and, while perhaps his father would berate him for not taking his hand at the plow, he would be deeply immereed in the mysteries. LEBANON. 455 of the theory of music, or making out impromptu ad- vertisements of his contemplated occupation, or, heside the Cool spring of never-failing water, he would con his book, and amidst rustic scenes and sounds instil into his mind his first rude conceptions which in after- years moulded his tastes and pursuits to that refine- ment which early musical associations beget. While at home on the farm, Mr. Beatty led the choir in the church of his neighborhood. His oppor- tunities for education were such only as the common schools afibrded, but his lack of classical culture is compensated for in a great measure by his quick per- ception, clear and rapid insight into the nature of things, the characters of men, and the readiness with which he appropriates the results of science and phi- losophy. He sees and generalizes rapidly, and comes directly to his conclusions, which are generally found to be safe and accurate. Above all, that which gives Mr. 'Beatty his great success is his practical common sense in business matters, which enables him to ar- range his plans with reference to the best financial results, — a quality of mind which appeared early in his life, and which induced his father to entrust him with all his finances while he was yet in his mi- nority. Starting out in life for himself without one dollar in hand, he commenced business as a salesman, and finally advanced to the manufacture of the instruments which bear his name ; and, in the short period of his industrial life and fair dealing, he has so prospered that he now owns one of the largest factories in this country; has large' and commodious offices, di- vided into seven departments, connected by electric bells, telephones, and telegraphs, by which news is received and transmitted to all parts of the world, adapted to all branches of his extensive business. His sales of musical instruments are simply enor- mous. It may be truthfully said of Mr. Beatty that he is a natural genius, a sociable, clever man, and has abun- dantly prospered by being so liberal in giving to his customers the profits of the middle man by selling to them directly. He is a liberal and cheerful giver of his substance to benevolent purposes ; and, as a token of the high appreciation of his fellow-townsmen, he was elected mayor of Washington, N. J., the place of his residence, which office he holds at the present writing. The community which has thus honored him with its confidence is indebted more to him than to any other person for the prosperity it now enjoys, on account of the immense organ and piano trade which he has centralized there. His generous donations of or- ders upon the largest local stores to supply flour to the needy during the severity of winter, and his lib- eral contributions to the various religious organiza- tions, without regard to denomination, are indicative of but few of the many incidents that are continually transpiring, and which have made Mr. Beatty exceed- ingly popular among his fellow-citizens. The following account of the growth and extent of Mr. Beatty's business is taken from the New York Daily Star : " Daniel F. Bealty is Btill a young man, but lie has succeeded in build- ing up a business that to-day ranks second to none of its kind in the ■world, and his name is familiarly known in every State of the Union, and in the Canadas, Mexico, South America, and in many European coun- tries, as the head of an establishment -whose operations are va^ in con- ception, complete in details, and successful in achievement. His atten- tion was early turned to music, and in this way he became interested in the sale and finally in the manufacture of musical instruments. His first operations were on a small scale, but his active and progressive mind saw wide fields open to energy and enterprise in his chosen voca- tion, and he has never wavered nor faltered in his projects. Mr. Beatty conceived the idea of embarking in business for himself, and being a man with whom to conceive was to perform, he at once established himself in a small ofiice and began to manufacture organs in a small building. By his shrewd, skillful, and persistent advertising he attracted wide atten- tion at once. His business grew to such an extent that he was forced to employ assistant after assistant, until to-day he employs forty men and women to keep his books and manage his correspondence, besides adding hundreds of workmen at the factories. The growth of his business was a surprise to him, and resulted from his peculiar methods of advertising. Letters and orders poured in very rapidly with every mail, and the in- struments were sold in such numbers that he was unable to supply the demand without largely increasing his facilities. " His organs are known in every part of the civilized world, and every- where favorably known for their cheapness, elegance, and durability. Mr. Beatty is the man who first conceived the idea of reducing the prices of organs and pianos to a reasonable basis. He exposed the deceptions practiced by the leading manufacturers, and in face of established prices and customs he boldly bid for the patronage of the musical public. He was ridiculed and misrepresented by the monopolists who saw their profits in danger, and no stone was left unturned to defeat and ruin him. But conscious of the justice of his intentions, assured that the intelligent public would support him, he gallantly met and repulsed his foes at every turn, and they, instead of crushing him, were forced to curtail, and some go out of the market. This was a great thing for one young man to accomplish from an obscure inland village, but Daniel F. Beatty did it. These operations indicate the character of Mr. Beatty's mind. " But amid all the rush and hurry of a vast and far-reaching business, Mr. Beatty never forgets the duties of a man and a citizen. He was elevated to the Mayoralty of Washington entirely without his seeking it. His fellow-citizens chose him. He conducted no campaign, and was not even present on election day, business having called him to New York on that day, and the news of his triumph was telegraphed to his headquarters at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. He bears his honors modestly, and is the same genial, open-handed, free-hearted man as ever, not for- getting to relieve the pauper, to donate freely to his church, nor deeming it beneath him to preside at Children's Day service in his own church." CORNELIUS STEWART. Cornelius Stewart was born in the township of Kingwood, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Dec. 20, 1799. His father, Lewis Stewart, came from near Aberdeen, Scot- land, where he was born Kov. 29, 1751. He married Lavina Hoflf, born in Kingwood, N. J., Oct. 16, 1769. Their children were John, born Aug. 31, 1793; Samuel, born Dec. 30, 1794; Mary, born March 21, 1797; Cornelius, born Dec. 20, 1799; Lewis, born Dec. 1, 1801 ; Thomas, born July 6, 1809. Lewis Stewart, the father, died May 20, 1821 ; his. wife, Lavina, survived him, and died Dec. 9, 1853. Cornelius Stewart, the subject of this sketch, mar- ried Elizabeth Carter, March 15, 1832. She was born in Greenwich township (then in Sussex, now in War- ren Co.) , N. J., May 26, 1809. They have had children : Sarah, born Dec. 14, 1832 ; William Eunkle, bom Feb. (-■' 456 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 10, 1835, died May 14, 1842; Lewis, born July 16, 1837, died March 18, 1838 ; Joseph Carter, born Sept. 1, 1840, married Mary P. Doolittle, of Washington, Warren Co., Got. 26, 1864 ; John HoflF, born Sept. 14, 1844, married, first, Kebecca Eoebling, June 3, 1869 ; she died Jan. 10, 1871, and he married for his second wife Fannie Southard, Oct. 16, 1872, and resides in Trenton, N. J. ; Mary Isabel, born Nov. 9, 1847. Mr. Stewart was brought up on the homestead farm in Kingwood till about the age of fifteen, when he engaged in clerking, and followed that occupation till 1827, at which date he engaged in mercantile business with Joseph Eunkle, at Asbury, N. J., under the firm- name of Stewart & Runkle. They continued in this partnership about six years, when the firm was dis- solved, and Mr. Stewart carried on the business alone till 1838. He then bought the mill property where he now resides, at Changewater, Lebanon township, in company with George Franks. The property at that time had no improvements upon it, except an old mill, which is still standing. They built the large stone mill, forty-five by sixty feet in dimensions and five stories high, and erected the large and commodious residencfe now occupied by Mr. Stewart. In 1841, Mr. Stewart sold his interest in the mill property to John Strader, and removed to Port Coldin, where he re- mained three years engaged in mercantile business ; he subsequently followed the same business in Wash- ington, N. J., for four years, up to 1846, when he went to New York and engaged in the grocery and commis- sion business, in the firm of Cooper & Stewart, after- wards Stewart & Mettler, till 1858, when he returned to Changewater and purchased the mill property. He has followed the business of merchant, miller, and farmer ever since, making improvements in his ma- chinery and keeping everything up to the progress of the times. His mill has a capacity of eighty thousand bushels of grain a year, and is considered the finest of the kind in this portion of New Jersey. It is situated on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, and on the Musconetcong Creek, a fine wa.ter-power, about three miles from Washington, Warren Co. Quite a neighborhood of buildings has sprung up in the place, and there is a post-oflSce at Changewater, on the opposite side of the creek in Warren County. Mr. Stewart possesses the energy and perseverance so characteristic of the nationality from which he is descended, and has made his own way in the world, having been thrown upon his own resources when a small boy. He and his wife are members of the Pres- byterian Church at Washington. NATHAN LAKCB. Nathan Lance was born in Lebanon township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Feb. 25, 1820. He is a son of William and Mary (Anthony) Lance. His grand- father, Peter Lance, was an early settler in Lebanon, and lived on a farm in the township near Anthony. ^^/hi^a Nathan Lance has resided all his life on the farm where he was born. He has been a justice of the peace for twenty years, and has held nearly all the local township ofiices at different times, being in his political principles a Democrat, as were his father and grandfather before him. Part of his estate he inherited Mti BETHLEHEM. 457 from Ms father and paxt lie has acquired by purchase from the other heirs. In 1843 he married Margaret, daughter of Morris Fritts, of Lebanon township, and has one child, Mary Cornelia, wife of William H. Anderson, a farmer, re- siding in an adjoining house on the homestead. They have five children, — Lauretta, Anna, Emma, Mar- garet, and Nathan. Mr. Lance is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Pleasant Grove, Morris Co., and is an elder in that body. WILLIAM W. SWAYZE. "Wm. W. Swayze, son of Conrad and Uzinah (Yard) Swayze, was born Oct. 1, 1837, in Bethlehem township, Hunterdon Co., N. J. His grandfather was Andrew Swayze, who lived on a farm in Union township, near Clinton, where he died. His son, Conrad, had' five children who reached the age of maturity. . Mary, the oldest child, married John Gano, a farmer, residing in Bethlehem township ; Sidney Y. is a farmer, also of Bethlehem township ; Jacob resides in Clinton ; Sarah is the wife of John R. Bowlby, of Alexandria town- ship ; and "William W., the subject of this sketch, re- sides at Clarksville, Hunterdon Co., N. J. He was brought up on a farm in early life and acquired the rudiments of an education at the common schools. He subsequently attended an academy at Easton, Pa., and also the Pennington Seminary, and for some time followed the occupation of teaching. In 1862 he married Leantha, daughter of Robert Smith, of Beth- lehem, by whom he has four children living, — viz., George B. M., Lenora, Minnie, and Gracie. Mr. Swayze's chief business has been farming and handling stock, which he has carried on successfully on his father's old homestead in Bethlehem. He has taken an active part in local affairs, having held most of the offices in his township at different times. He is at present county treasurer, and has held the office for the last two years. In his political opinions he is a Democrat, and has been quite active in the party. In 1874 he was elected to the Legisla,ture from the Second Assembly District, composed of Alexandria, Bethlehem, Clinton, Franklin, Tewksbury, Lebanon, and Union townships, and the boroughs of French- town and Clinton. During his first term in the House he served on the committees on railroads and canals and on banking and insurance, and the second term on the committees on treasurer's accounts and agri- culture. BETHLEHEM. GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVTB. Bethlehem is one of the northwest townships of the county. It is about ten miles long by three wide, and is bounded east by Lebanon and High Bridge townships; south by Union; west by Alexandria township; north by the Musconetcong Creek, also the dividing line between this township and Warren County. NATURAL FEATURES. The surface presents a variety of topographical features. Along the north half of the township lies the beautiful valley of the Musconetcong, while the southern half is covered by the Musconetcong Moun- tains. The soil along the valley is a rich alluvial with a mixture of red shale, which returns large crops to the husbandman. The mountain-sides are more of a gravelly loam, but produce good crops under proper cultivation. There are several small streams that rise in this township, while the Musconetcong washes the entire length of the north side, furnishing ample water- power for large manufacturing establishments, which is improved at both Asbury and Bloomsbury villages. 80 Spruce Run washes half of the east border, fiimishing excellent water-power at Clarksville. Monselaugha- way Creek, main branch, rises in the north part of Charlestown School District No. 16, and runs south- erly into Union township. Other streams are Black Brook, and Osman, Creveling, Bethlehem, and VUet Creeks. A letter in possession of Rev. J. W. Dally, dated Aug. 28, 1765, is directed to "Bethlehem, in West Jersey, in care of SamuerBarnhart," which shows that at least ten years previous to the Revolution this re- gion was known as Bethlehem. There are also deeds in the possession of J. W. Lequear, Esq., of King- wood township, which describe tracts of land in Bethlehem township as far back as 1745. At just what date the original township (which included what is now others in this county) was surveyed or laid out we have been unable to ascertain, but is be- lieved to be as early as 1725. EARLY SETTLEMENT. It is a pretty well established fact that the first white settlers of the township were Hollanders, and came here in the early part of the last century. Among the descendants of the pioneer settlers who still retain 458 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. a portion at least of tte original purcliases are the Hoffmans, Alpaughs, Crevelings, Hoppocks, Duck- worths, Willevers, Vliets, Boss, Housels, Opdykes, and others, whose ancestors were the pioneers along the river. Among the German pioneers we find the names of Deremer, Bowlby, Groendyck, Wene, Eodenbaugh, Kimmerhower, Shaffer, Foose, Frittz, Grochley, Sigler, and others, whose descendants are in many cases in pos- session of a part at least of the original tract, and yet a very large percentage of the present owners of real estate have no title-deeds that run back much beyond the birth of their oldest children. That part of the township immediately around Bloomsbury has come down through the possession of Robert Johnston, who owned a large tract, including not only what is now the village of Bloomsbury, but the farms of Moses Bobbins and John Stute on the west, and the Taylor property on the east, of the vil- lage, and running to the top of the mountain. The Taylor tract was probably the eastern part of this original tract of Robert Johnston. A little farther east was a tract owned for a short time by a man named Hamilton ; then came tracts a part of which are still in possession of the descendants of the origi- nal owners, as previously stated. On the east side or end of the township are to be found the Lakes, Terre- berrys, Shurts, Vuslers, Housels, Walters, Shaffers, Thorps, Wellers, and other descendants of the pio- neers. An old deed now in possession of J. C. Lake, Esq., at Junction, dated in 1765, given by John Bowlby to Thomas Bowlby, describes quite a large tract of land, covering a part of what is now Junction village, or that portion lying in the township of Bethlehem. The Deremer family still occupy the lands settled by the original Deremer pioneer, between Asbury and the Junction. A piece of land situated on the side of the moun- tain, above Jugtown, was deeded by Nathan Parke and his wife, Mary, April 26, 1763, to John Cham- bers, of Bethlehem. The document was witnessed by Michael Rosenbury and Roger Ray. The history of Jeremiah Lptt, a " hero of the Revo- lution," was given by his son, John L. Lott, of Bloomsbury, but a few years before his death. Peter Lott came from Germany about 1750, and settled in the upper part of Hunterdon County. Jere- miah Lott, at the age of eighteen, enlisted in the Revolutionary army. He served seven and a half years, a greater part of the time under Gen. Wayne. He was in most of the important battles in New Jer- sey, fought through the Southern campaign, and was several times taken prisoner. Lott was one of those who guarded Andr§ on his way to execution. He was also one of the party who pursued Sergt. Champe to the British lines when he was supposed to have de- serted. After the war Mr. Lott came to Bethlehem township and worked at his trade, carpentering. When Gen. Wayne went on his celebrated expedi- tion to the Ohio, Lott was with him and participated in the battle of the Miami, Aug. 20, 1793-. When the Whisky Insurrection of Pennsylvania broke out, he again answered to the roll-call. He finally settled in Bethlehem township, between the farms of John McRea and Jacob Race. He afterwards moved to Bloomsbury, where he died in 1822, and was buried in the Presbyterian cemetery. He had seven chil- dren, — Reuben, moved to Ohio ; Henry, went to Illi- nois; James, to New York; Polly, married John Brock; Sarah, married a Mr. Carter; Levina, married John Myers; and John L., lived and died in Blooms- bury. Two of Jeremiah Lott's grandsons, John and Edward, were in the late war. John Leacock, the maternal grandfather of John L. Lott, was of French descent, and settled on the mountain, above Blooms- bury. Of the Vliet family, descendants of Maj.-Gen. Daniel Vliet, one of the early settlers in the valley, we are unable to give a detailed history, for want of the proper data. The old general was a prominent man in the early history of this township, having for years held many of the prominent offices. He was born in 1761 and died in 1833, and was buried in the Vliet family burying-ground on the old homestead. He was in the war of 1812, and commanded the State militia several years. A TRADITIONARY LEGEND. About a mile below Bloomsbury, in the bed of the Musconetcong Creek, is " Butler's Hole,'' about 60 feet deep. In a large rock opposite are several de- pressions, as though intended for moulds in which to run metal. Tradition says that Spanish buccaneers once came here and melted their ill-gotten spoils into ingots and secured them in this hole. A legend also states that two young adventurers were once fishing in the stream when their lines became entangled and they drew up a large ingot of silver. A party was organized the next day to search farther, but they were too late. The young men had revisited the spot by night and cleaned out the hole, and were nevermore heard of. Dr. Hughes was a prominent character in this township as late as 1832, when he boarded with C. Tomlinson, in the old log tavern where the brick store now stands, in Bloomsbury. His office was at the side of the old house occupied at that time by Bidleman, on the site where is now the residence of Henry Gardner. The old office was moved iiom its original foundation to where C. Alpaugh's house stands, then to the rear of L. Hulsizer's residence; it stood there till the old doctor died, when it was again moved. EXTRACTS FROM OLD RECORDS. The following are some of the ear-marks mentioned in the old township records : BETHLEHEM. 459 1762. — Mary Clifford's ear-mark ia a crop off the off ear and a slit in the near ear. Joseph Beaver^s ear-mark is a crop off the near ear. Peter Gase^s ear-mark is a half-penny under each ear and a slit in the near ear. Bobert Biggera' ear-mark is a " croop of the off ear, and a nick in the croop and a nick in fore part of the near ear near his head." Jamps Biggera' ear- mark is a "croop off the near ear, and a swallow fork in the off ear, and a half- penny in the fore pai't of the near ear." John Beaver's ear-mark brought from old book, record there in the year 1753 ; his mark is a half- penny under side each ear, and a slit in each ear top the ear. 1764. — Peter Miller's mark is a crop off of the near ear, and a slit on the same. 1768. — Joseph Bigger's ear-mark is a " cropp in the near ear, and a half-penny on the under side of the off ear." 1771. — Thomas Roy es' ear-mark is a " cropp of eich ear, and Halfpenny in ou nder said off the off ear." 1776. — James Parker's ear-mark is a " aleet in the near ear, and cropp in the off a brand in the near horn. J. P." ENTRIES OF ESTRATS. Nov. 20, 1760, Bairfoot Brundson enters a stray bull of a " dun cul- lour, Buposed to Be marked in the Near ear with a half Crop aad half penny aged three years suposed to Be." November 21st, John Horriss enters a '• stray mair, about ten years old, of a Bay coUour, four white feet as far as the knees joynt, Bauld face, glass eye, White each side of the Belly, with white Taiil as far as the Dock." December 18th, Her- bert "Winegardner enters " one stray Hefer, two years old next spring, of a black colour, with a white face and two white feet, marked with a Crop in the off ear, and a Nick in the under side of the near ear." December 25th, Herman Ditser enters a " stray Black Heiffer with four white feet, a atax in her forehead, a little white on her Bump, with white Belly, n. Crop and slit in the Near ear, and a Crop and a Slit in the off ear." De- cember 26th, " Henere Couns" enters " one white eu with a Crop of the Near ear, and a slit in the Crop." Jan. 6, 1761, Hermon Rosenkrans enters a "sorril mair with A White face, Some Saddle mark, Bobed taill, Natural Pacer, Hip Shot, heavy with Colt, better than fourteen hands high, Neither Brand or ear Mark Reesonable ; suposed to Be old ; hed a yoak on." The following is a list of the poor and to whom sold, as shown in the records of date of April 12, 1824: Hannah Taylor to Elijah Piatt 835.00 Mary Benward to Samuel Derumple 44.75 Lenah Pelee to Peter Bloom..' 32.50 John Lee to Himself. 40.00 John Hunt and wife to Lida Hunt 46.00 David Penwell to Christopher Srope 66.50 Sarah Miera to Hurself. 52.00 Sarah Robinson to Hurself 24.00 "The committee of the Town Put in the Hands of Enoch Clifford, Overseer of the Poor, the Sum of S78.00 ; allso in the Hands of Levi Met- ier, overseer of the Poor, 850.00; Allso in the Hands of John Lake two dollars to Buy a Book for the use of said Township, $2.00. "Amount of Sertificates of the overseers of the Roads for the year 1824: Mathias Abel, overseer $90.00 William Young, overseer 80,00 Joseph Bird, overseer 80.00 Morris Cramer, overseer 45.00 Abraham De Remer, overseer 45.00^^ BenjaminH. Opdycke, overseer 50.00' The record of the '' old road from Hickory Tavern to South Branch of Raritan" is as follows : " WkereoB, There has been application to us, the commissioners of Hunterdon and Sussex county, for relaying and regulating of a High Road ; and whereaa the road leading from the Hickory Tavern, in Beth- lehem, to the Sonth Branch of Rarington, part of the same, now Being very Hilly and Inconvenient for Travellers, as set forth in the Petition^ and we the said Commissioners being mett on the action and having Viewed the Ground, find the Same, in Our Judgement, to be Inconve- nient. We therefore think fitt and Convenient to make the following alteration : " Beginning at the Wooden Bridge, to the north west of Bowlsby Road ; thence Easterly a straight course to Biggerses line; Thence East on the line to a Hill By the Side of the Meadow, giving allowance for the slant of the Hill; Thence Crossing the Meadow, going on the firm Ground as near the Line as the Ground will admit, Leaving Samuel Buckalow's house to the Southward; Thence the Straighteat and Best Course to the North Side Joseph Bigger's field along an old Road ; Thence Easterly down the Ridge to' an old field near a Corner Tree and Line Dividing the Land of Messrs. Stephens and Parker (now in the Tenner of John Eitzgerrel) & Land of Jonathan Robeson ; Thence Through the same old field on the North side of a Fence Into the EstabUahed Road on the So- ciety and Jonathan Robeson's Line. And we do hereby order the Same to be Cleared Out & made Good, & we do Disolve and make Void that part of the old Road from the Before mentioned Bridge to the place where this present Relayd Road Intersect the old road at the aaid Society Line, being at a Black oak sapling. Given under our hands this 8th day of May, 1756. "RoBEE,T Shields, Phil Grandin, " Francis McShane, Denis Wolverton, "Robert Harvet, John Stewart, "Christison Sherp, Phillip Sntder, "James Martin. " A true copy of tiie return (all but the Dutch namea) compared." The road from Bloomsbury to Pittstown, a distance of ten miles, is a part of the old one known as "the King's Highway," and was originally the dividing line between Bethlehem and Alexandria townships, so far as it crosses Bethlehem. That small portion of Bethlehem west of this road was subsequently taken from Alexandria and added to Bethlehem. The road does not cross a stream between Bloomsbury and Pittstown, though there are many springs and creeks on either side of it. The road from Bloomsbury to Little York was opened for travel in 1815. SONS OF LIBERTY. The following document deserves a place on the undying historic page : "At a Town-Meeting held at the house of David Reynolds, in the township of Bethlehem, on the lj.th March, 1766, it was agreed and con- cluded upon that, agreeable to a request made by the Sons of Liberty of Lower Hunterdon, that a number not exceeding three men should be chosen in this Township, who should have full power to represent the inhabitants thereof; and meet their Brethren at the house of John Rin- goes, on this day sennight, when the Town unanimously choae Mr. John Rockhill, David Reynolds, and Abraham Bonnell, who are hereby di- rected to meet the said Sons of Liberty at Bingoes aforesaid, and do and perform every act and thing that will redound to the honor of the Town and for the benefit of the Province in general; and whereas it is abso- lutely necessary that the operation of all un constitutional acta should he opposed, and in particular that worst of all acta called the Stamp Act, and in order to enable them thereto, the inhabitants of this town do promise their countenance and assistance on all occasiona, over and besides pay- ing them all necessary expenses attending this meeting, and all other meetings that may hereafter happen on this or the like occasion. "Francis McShanb, " Town Clerk." CIVIL ORGANIZATION. The organization of the township is supposed to have taken place nearly or quite as early as 1724, but no trace of the records (after a vigilant search) can be found prior to 1763, although the old ones are known to have been in possession of some of the town clerks between 1830 and 1835. There seems to have been a defect in the laws of the 'State in relation to the preservation of records, and we believe the serious results arising therefrom have never as yet had the effect of remedying the evil. 46Q HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. SETTLING ACCOTJNTS BETWEEN BETHLEHEM AND ALEXANDEIA. "We, the CommiBsionerB of Bethlehem and Alexandria TownshipB, having met at the Hickory Tavern and settled the accounts depending before the division of Bethlehem, as may more at large appear on the op- posite side. " Witness our hands this 16th day of March, 1765. " John Hackett, John Shippet, "Jno. Emley, John Cowan, " David Reynolds, Henet Stoll, " RoBT. Johnston, Benjamin Beunson, " John Rockhill, Ephraim Drake." The " opposite side" referred to above is an account with Joseph Beavers, one of the overseers of the poor for 1765, and reads as follows : 1765, March 16. £ s. d. By cash paid Benjamin Opdycke and John Du- senberry after the division of Bethlehem 28 18 11 By cash paid William Silverthorn, one of the overseers of Bethlehem 11 3 7 By John Baker's note of hand delivered to Ben- jamin Opdycke, one of the overseers of Alexandria 6 46 2 6 Ballance remaining in the hands of Joseph Bea- vers, and due the overseers of Alexandria... 54 8 3 £99 10 9 TOWNSHIP DIVIDED. At a meeting of the township committee, held Feb. 10, 1877, Peter S. Henry, Mathias H. Case, and Charles Opdyke were appointed a committee to estab- lish a line from the Musconetcong Elver southerly across the township, so as to divide it into two election districts. The following is a copy of the record of the committee's doings in the premises : " Line beginning at the corner of the farm of William H. Drake, on the Musconetcong River, following his farm-line adjoining the farm of Mrs. Samuel Creveling in a southeast direction to the public highway that leads from Ashury village to Bethlehem village ; then along said highway a southwest direction, under the Central Railroad Culvert, to a road near James Groves ; from there a southeast direction up the moun- , tftin road to a tree in the forks of the road along the lands of Martin "^Vykoff; from there across the lands of Martin Wykoff a southwest di- rection on to the lands of George Hubbs, near a ledge of rocks known as the 'White Cat Rocks,' leaving George Hubbs in the western division and the Bocks in the eastern division of the township ; from there across a lot of mining-grounds near a stone house, leaving the house in the eastern division; and from there across a lot of growings belonging to the Easton and Amboy Railroad to the lands of William Martin, across bis said lands to a stake in the public highway, and in the line of Union township." The following is a list of the principal township officers from 1763 to 1880, inclusive : CLERKS. 1763-64, John Farnsworth ; 17G5-90, Francis McShane ; 1785, Albert Op- dycke ;* 1791-94. 1796-1802, Jacob Anderson, Esq. ; 1795, 1803-21, Geo. Garrison; 1822-34, John Lake; 1835, John Blane; 1836, 1838-41, Wilham Egbert; 1837, Asher S. Housel; 1842-52, John H. Case; 1853, Sylvester H. Smith ; 1854^56, William Tinsman; 1857-58, David Chamberlin ; 1859-62, Joseph B. Cornish ; 1863-64, Andrew J. Mc- Crea; 1865-66, John C. Reeves; 1867, Joseph S. Smith; 1868-73, Henry M. Yliet; 1874-79, Charles Opdyke; 1880, D. S. Stute. CHOSEN FREEHOLDERS. 1763, Samuel Everitt, James Henderson; 1764, Henry Stull, Benjamin Opdycke; 1765, John Shippey, Daniel Dunham; 1766, Cornelius An- * Early so spelled ; later spelled Opdyke. The same change in orthog- raphy will be noticed in many other names. No two town clerks spelled these names alike, and it is difiBcult to reconcile their vagaries in this particular. derson, Daniel Dunham; 1767, John Crawford, Daniel Dunham ;^ 1768-69, Thomas Lake, Francis Lock ; 1770, Robert Johnston, Abram Bonnel; 1771, James Baird, Thomas Lake ; 1772, James Baird. Hugh McCaluster; 1773, William Bobbins, Daniel Dunham; 1774r-75, Wil- liam Robbins, Thomas Bowlsby ; 1776, Cornelius Carhart, John Dusen- bury ; 1777, Capt. James Baird, Capt. Daniel Vliet ; 1778, Aaron Wat- son, John Crawford ; 1779, Abraham Bonnel, Benjamin Opdyke ; 1780, Aaron Watson, Capt. Cornelius Carhart; 1781, Benjamin Opdyke, Abraham Bonnel; 1782-83, Peter Kes, Elias Wyckoff; 1784, Elias Wyckoff, Garret Couehouen (or Covenhoven); 1785, Elias Wyckoff,, Thomas Bowlsby; 1786, Jacob Cuek, Daniel Yliet; 1787-88, Elias Wasakall, Esq., Joseph Luis ; 1789, Peter Kes, John Crawford ; 1790, Peter Case, John Crawford ; 1791-95, Daniel Vliet, Col. Abram Bonnel ;. 1796-97, Col. Abram Bonnel, Samuel Large ; 1798-1800, Col. Clement Bonnel, Emley Drake. The freeholders from 1800-80 may be found on pages 262, 263 of this work. TOWN COMMITTEE. 1763, John Hackett, Benjamin Opdycke, Thomae Lake, William Vaness, David Reynolds, James Henderson ; 1764, John Dusenberry, Benjamin Opdycke, William Van Est, David Reynolds, Thomas Lake, Robert Shields; 1765, Col. Hacket, Thomas Lake, Robert Johnston, John Rockhill, David Reynolds, John Shippey ; 1766, Thomae Lake, Corne- lius Anderson, John Rockhill, David Reynolds ; 1767, Thomas Lake, David Reynolds, Cornelius Anderson, Abraham Bonnel, James Baird ; 1768, Daniel Fleet, James Baird, Francis Lock ; 1769, John Rockhill, Esq., James Baird, Daniel Fleet, Francis Lock, Abraham Bonel ; 1770, James Baird, John Bassett, Robert Reynolds, Abraham Bon- nel, Cornelius Carhart, Joseph Hageman ; 1771, James Baird, Fran- cis Lock, Aaron Watson, Joseph Hageman, George Lacey ; 1772, John Rockhill, Esq., Abraham Cline, Francis Lock, James Baird, Thomas Bowlsby ; 1773, John Rockhill, Esq., Francis Lock, Hugh McCalester, Robert Little, George Lacey ; 1774, Abram Bonnel, Cornelius Carhait, Aaron Watson, Abraham Leach, Garret Albertson ; 1775, John Ruckel, Esq., Cornealis Cai'hart, Aaron Watson, Garret Albertson, Abr. Lake, Abr. Bonnel; 1776, Daniel Yliet, Benjamin Van Kirk, John Dusen- bury, Mashie Hall, Francis McShane ; 1777, Capt. James Baird, Aron Watson, Col. Abraham Bonnel; 1778, Abraham Bonnel, Aaron Wat- son, Garret Albertson ; 1779, Capt. Daniel Yliet, Benjamin Opdycke, George Barton ; 1780, Benjamifl Opdycke, Capt. Daniel Yliet, George Barton; 1781-82, Benjamin Opdycke, Machie Hull, Abraham Bonnel; 1783-84, Col. Abraham Bonnel, Macbie Hull, Albert Opdyck ; 1785, Daniel Yliet, Ephraim Smith, Albert Opdycke; 1786-87, Col. Charles Stewart, Daniel Vliet, Thomas Bowlby; 1788-94, no township com- mittee recorded; 1795, Abraham Bonnel, Elias Wyckoff, Benjamin Opdycke ; 1796-97, no township committee recorded ; 1798-99, Luther Colvin, Samuel Large, Jacob Cook, Aaron Yenetor, John Rockhill ; 1800, Luther Colvin, Jacob Anderson, Jacob Cook, Aaron Venata, John Rockhill; 1801-2, Samuel Large, Jacob Cook, Aaron Venata, Luther Colvin, Aaron Vansyckle ; 1803-5, Garret Covenhoven, Rich- ard Lacey, Sr., Henry Staats, John Clifford, Aaron Yansyckle ; 18(i6-7, Benjamin Egbert, Richard Lacey, Henry Staats, John Clifford, Aaron Yansyckle; 1808-9, Benjamin Egbert, Richard Lacey, George Gauo, Philip Johnston, Aaron Yansyckle ; 1810, Henry Staats, Richard Leary, William Nixon, Philip Johnston, Aaron Yansyckle ; 1811, Henry Staats, William Robertson, William Nixon, Philip Johnston, Aaron Yansyckle; 1812, Henry Staats, James Dunham, William Nixon, George Maxwell, Aaron Yansyckle ; 1813-14, Henry Stsiats, Philip Johnson, William Nixon, Baltns Stiger, Aaron Yansyckle; 1815-17, Cornelius Carhart, Edward Henderson, William Nixon, Aaron Yansyckle, Baltus Stiger ; 1818, Cornelius Carhart, Edward Henderson, John Yansyckle, Baltus Stiger, Aaron Yansyckle; 1819, Cornelius Carhart, Ebenezer Stilson, John Yansycle, Baltus Stiger, Aaron Van Syckle ; 1820, William Counover, E. Stilson, George Gano, Baltus Stiger, Jacob Seagler ; 182,1, Adam Stiger, George Gano, Baltus Stiger, Charles Carhart, Ebenezer Stilson ; 1822, Adam Stiger, George Gano, Joseph Bird, Charles Carhart, John Rhinehart; 1823, Adam Stiger, George Gano, Charles Carhart, Joseph Bird, Alexander Rea; 1824, Adam Stiger, George Gano, Asa C.Dunham, Joseph Bird, Alex- ander Rea ; 1825, Enoch Clifford, George Gano, A. C. Dunham, Joseph Bird, Robinson Rockhill ; 1826-27, Enoch Clifford, A. C. Dunham, Alexander Rea, George Gauo, Robinson Rockhill ; 1828, George Gano, Enoch Clifford, Robinson Rockhill, John Rinehart, Jr , Alexan- der Rea; 1829, John Rinehart, Jr., Benjamin Egbert, Robinson Rock- BETHLEHEM. 461 hill, Philip Johnston, Enoch Clifford; 1830, Enoch Clifford, John Rinehart, Jr., Aaron Vansyckle, John Srope, D. H. Anderson ; 1831, Enoch Clifford, John Einehart, Jr., D. H. Anderson, Sutphin Garrison, John Srope ; 1832, Philip Johnston, William Conover, John Srope, Samuel Leigh, Jr., Jacob A. Rinehart; 1833, Philip Johnston, A. V. Bonnell, Samuel Leigh, Jr., John Blane, M.I)., John Rinehart, Jr. ; 1834, A.Y. Bonnell, Philip Johnston, John Rinehart, Jr., John Blane, M.D., Jacob A. Rinehart; 1835, A. T. Bonnell, Jo- seph Exton, William Egbert, John Lake, Benjamin H. Opdycke ; 1836, A. V. Bonnell, B. H. Opdybke, Joseph Exton, Joseph Smith, James Bird ; 1837, Azariah W. Dunham, B. H. Opdycke, William Egbert, James Bird, Samuel Hamilton ; 1838, William Bonnell, A. V. Bonnell, William Taylor, Peter Mechling, Jonathan Bobbins; 1839, William Bonnell, A. V. Bonnell, P. Mechling, Jonathan Rob- bins, Samuel Hamilton ; 1840, William Emery, Samuel Hamilton, A. T. Bonnell, P. Mechling, J. Robbins ; 1841, David Chamberlin, Andl'ew Miller, A. V. Bonnell, Moses Farrow, John Rinehart, Jr. ; 1842, George W. Rea, A. Miller, A. V. Bonnel, John Rinehart, Jr., Moses Farrow ; 1843, I. N. Terwilliger, Charles *G. Wilson, John Rinehart, Jr., Moses Farrow, Andrew Miller ; 1844, Enoch Abel, .Samuel Carhart, J. Rinehart, Jr., J. A. Rinehart, Andrew Miller ;-1845, Wm. Bonnell, S. Carhart, J. Rinehart, Jr., J. A. Rinehart, A, Miller ; 1846-47, R. Rockhill, W. Tinsman, S. Carhart, J. Robbins, J. Rine- hart, Jr.; 1848, R. Rockhill, S. Carhart, Dr. J. Blane, J. Rinehart, Esq., W. Tinsman; 1849, Peter Bodine, John Blane, John C. Weue, W. Tinsman, B. Rockhill ; 1850, P. Bodine, John Blane, William Maxwell, W. Tinsman, R. Rockhill; 1851, P. Bodine, Peter Melick, W. Bonnell, W. Tinsm.^n, John Shafer; 18.r2, P. Bodine, P. Melick, "W. J. Fishbough, W. Tinsman, J. Shafer; 1853, George G. Lunger, John Rinehart, William J. Fishbough, Andrew Miller, John Shafer ; 1854-55, Joseph Anderson, J. Rinehart, Sylvester H. Smith, A. Mil- ler, William S. Welch ; 1856-57, John Shafer, David Huffman, James Bird, John C. Wene, Theodore Gardner; 1858, Peter Rinehart, Wil- liam S. Gardner, James J. Willover, J. C. Wene, M. Farrow ; 1859, M. Farrow, P. Rinehart, J. J. Willover, W. S. Gardner, John Hacket ; 1860-61, David Chamberlin, George Juster, Joseph Boss, William Bowlby, W. S. Gardner ; 1862-63, George G. Lunger, Thomas Young, W.H.Drake, Ebenezer Wolverton, James Bird; 1864, WilUam H. Drake, G. G. Lunger, J. Bird, John C. Reeves, Thomas Toung; 1865, ■W. H. Drake, 6. G. Lunger, J. Bird, Mathias H. Case, Geo. F. Shurta ; 1866, W. H. Drake, J. 0. Lake, J. Bird, M. H. Case, G. F. Shurts ; 1867-88, John L. Wene, John 0. Lake, Jacob Hacket, M. H. Case, •G. F. Shurts ; 1869, J. L. Wene, J. Hacket, George Race, T. Toung, John E. Smith; 1870, J. L. Wene, J. Hacket, G. Race, Thomas Young, Staats N. Park; 1871-72, T. Tonng, S. N. Park, G. Race, W. W. Sweazy, John Miller; 1873, T. Toung, G. Race, W. W. Sweazy, Daniel Bloom, William S. Welch ; 1874, T. Toung, W. S. Welch, G. Hace, W. W. Sweazy, Joseph B. Boss ; 1875, John Stute, G. Race, J. B. Boss, A. J. Rakes, Peter L. Henry; 1876, A. J. Reeves, John Stute, J. B. Boss, P. S. Heni'y, M. H. Case ; 1877, A. J. Reeves, J. Stute, P. S. Henry, M. H. Case, Charles Alpaugh ; 1878, A. J. Reeves, C. Alpaugh, N. H. Heft, M. H. Case, Godfrey 0. Lott ; 1879, G. C. Lett, N. H. Heft, Thomas T. Huffman; 1880, G. C. Lott, T. T. Huffman, Henry M. Vliet. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. Bloomsbury is located on the left bank of the Musconetcong Creek, in the northwest part of the township. The name is derived from the Bloom fam- ily, who were influential here in the early history of the place, and are at present represented in other lo- calities. It was previously known as "Johnson's Iron-Works," from Robert Johnson's furnace, which was on the Warren County side of the creek, near -where the old charcoal-house now .stands. Johnson carried on business here as early as 1750. The ore -was carted from the south side of the Musconetcong Mountain and made into what is known as "blooms," .and some entertain the idea the name (Bloomsbury) originated from this. The village is beautifully situated at the foot of the Musconetcong Mountains, at the lower end of the valley. A small part lies upon the north side of the creek, in Warren County. The site of the village was owned as early as 1810 by George Beidleman, of Easton. His son Willianl lived here, having charge of the estate, and the prop- erty became his by heirship. His house was on the corner of Bridge Street and Little York Road, where Henry Gardner's residence now stands. Mr. Beidle- man died here about 1838. His widow still lives in the village. The next owner of the Bloomsbury property was Henry Jones. He was a distiller, and built a still- house on the site now occupied by Hufiman's saw- mill, below the grist-mill. This was the pioneer dis- tillery. He died about 1828. He lived in the yellow house where Theodore Melick now resides. His widow in 1832 built the house where Widow Beidle* man now lives. As late as 1832 the land now occupied by Blooms- bury was a farm, and there were but five houses on the Bethlehem side of the creek : the old log house that stood where the brick store now is ; the old Bei- dleman house, on the corner where Gardner's house stands ; the old yellow house, down the York Road ; and the two log houses of John L. and Bartholomew Lott. These are all standing except the first named. This was kept for several years as a tavern by Charles Tomlinson, and was the first on the south side of the creek. Besides it, Esq. Cougle kept in 1835 in an old house on the site occupied by the north end of the " Bloomsbury House." This was afterwards kept by- James Smith, also by Doran Metier. The present hotel was built in 1874 by William G. Jones, now proprietor. The pioneer blacksmith-shop was that of Bartholo- mew Lott, on the Little York Road, near where MrSi Hart now lives. The first wheelwright now remembered was Wil- liam Britton, where the marble-yard shop now stands* The pioneer post-ofiioe was on the Warren County side of the river, in the old tavern where W. J* Smith's stone house now stands. From there it was removed to the south side and kept in the then new brick store, and from thence to the store now kept by William Fulmer, where John Carter was postmaster, with Sloan Carter as deputy. Up to this time the mails were brought from Milford on foot, but by wliom we were unable to ascertain. The present postmaster is George Scott. The village contains two churches, two railroad depots, a school-house, a drug-store, a lumber- and coal-yard, a hardware-store, a marble-yard, the Bloomsbury National Bank, Odd -Fellows' Hall, one hotel, a grist- and flouring-mill, two saw-mills (one water and one steam), three general dry-goods and grocery-stores, a grocery- and provision-store, a boot- and shoe-store, and a dozen or more shops em- bracing the various trades. South Asbtjry is that portion of Asbury village 462 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JEESET. lying on the aouth side of Musconetcong Creek ; it is five miles east from Bloomsbury. Asbury was originally called Hall's Mills. At the Revolutionary period there were only two buildings, — a grist-mill, on the north side of the Musconetcong Creek, and a dwelling, on the site of what was after- wards Van Antwerp's mill. In 1786, Col. William McCullough united with the Methodist Society, and through his influence the society, in 1800, built a small church, the corner- stone of which was laid by the late Bishop Asbury. About this time the bishop's name was given to the hamlet, which it has ever since borne. Chaelestown is two miles south of Junction, at the head-waters of the Monselaughaway Creek. It has a school-house (No. 16), a blacksmith- and wheel- wright-shop, and about a dozen dwellings. PoLKTOWN (named in honor of the late President James K. Polk) is situated in the mountains of the southeast corner of the township, and contains ten or twelve dwellings. Bethlehem, or West End, is located near the centre of the township, on the banks of Bethlehem Creek, half a mile south of Valley Station, on the New Jersey Central Eailroad. Bethlehem station is on the Easton and Amboy division of the Lehigh Valley Eailroad. Its early settlement reaches far back beyond the time when the hamlet was called "Jugtown,'' by which title it is best known. For nearly seventy-five years "Jugtown" has been noted for the conviviality of its inhabitants. It was a rest- ing-place for the travelers and teamsters. The pioneer tavern, as near as can be ascertained, stood on the upper side of the road, opposite the pres- ent hotel, and was kept by Jacob Smith as early as 1815. The first store was by Joseph Cornish, in 1825, on the Asbury road. The property is now owned by the West End Iron Company, and the old store is used by them as an office. At present there are a tavern, saw-mill, blacksmith- and wagon-shop, grist- mill, two stores, a carpet-weaver, tailor, and milliner, and two churches, Methodist Episcopal and Roman Catholic. The west end of the Easton and Amboy Eailroad tunnel is at this place ; here also are located the mines belonging to the West End Iron Company, the principal business of the laboring class being mining. Jan. 1, 1880, the name of the post-office was changed from Bethlehem to " West End," to correspond with the name of the iron company. William S. Welch is postmaster, and the office is kept in the store attached to the grist-mill of Sylvester H. Smith, Esq. Junction is situated on the east line of the town- ship, and the station for the two railroads, the hotels, the post-office, and most of the business are in Lebanon township.* * The reader is referred to the history of Lehanon, in this work, for a more complete account of Junction village. SCHOOLS. According to the report of E. S. Swackhamer, county superintendent of schools for 1880, there are six school districts in this township : Bloomsbury, 12 ; Bethlehem, 13 ; South Asbury, 14 ; Charlestown, 16 ; Mountain View, 17 ; Hickory, 18. There are also parts of Disiricts 9 and 10 of Lebanon township and parts of Districts 48 and 49 of Union township running over into this township. The trustees for 1880 were as follows : No. 12, Valentine Toung, Jerome Rappleyea, and James Apgar ; No. 13, John Creveling, Charles Opdyke, and Alfred G. Smith ; No. 14, J. H. Martin, David Bowlby, and John Hufiman; No. 16, A. L. Shrope, Tunis Stiner, and Erwin Lake; No. 17, Jacob Hackett, Thomas Barria, and John L. Wene ; No. 18, J. T. Conover, J. J. Thorp, and George Bace. The district clerks and money apportioned for 1880 are as follows : No. 12, Valentine Toung, ST16.87 ; No. 13, John Creveling, $398.26 ; No. 14, J. H. Martin, $330.44 ■, No. 16, A. L. Shrope, $313.84; No. 17, Ja- cob Hackett, $316.68 ; No. 18, Albert Myers, $322.45. The children of school age in the several districts for the same year were: No. 12, 234; No. 13, 130; No. 14, 99; No. 16, 45; No. 17, 51; No. 18, 73. CHURCHES. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, BLOOMSBURY, was originally an appointment on the Asbury charge, and was connected with the Asbury Church until 1858, when Eev. Benjamin Coleman was sent to this place by the presiding elder, and the connection be- tween the two places was severed. Our researches lead us to the conclusion that the first Methodist preaching in Bloomsbury occurred fifty-nine or sixty years ago, as a circuit-preacher (probably Eev. Seeley Bloomer) visited the place in 1821 and preached in John Pippinger's house, where Samuel Stamets now lives. Eev. Samuel Hull and Rev. Jacob Hevener preached in the village occasionally about this time. Eev. Seeley Bloomer is known to have preached at Daniel Stire's residence, then standing near the Cen- tral Railroad arch. Willever's and Stires' houses became the headquarters of the Methodist preachers when in this place. In 1835 a suitable place for public service was pur- chased. It was the property now owned by Joseph B. Boss, and occupied as a double dwelling, near the corner north of the church.f A Eev. Mr. Chattels preached the dedicatory sermon; he was appointed to this circuit about 1889. Henry Willever and Daniel Stires were among the early members, and contributed largely to the estab- lishment of the infant church. When Mr. Willever died, in 1841, he bequeathed $400 to the society, with which to refit the wheelwright-shop and adapt it to church purposes. While this was being done Rev. Mr. Page and his colaborer, Rev. J. P. Daly, preached in the school-house. t It was originally a cabinet-shop belonging to a Mr. Helsman, and later a wheelwright-shop. ■ BETHLEHEM. 463 At length the edifice again showed signs of decay, and during the pastorate of Rev. William E. Blakeslee was commenced the movement which resulted in the building of the present neat and tasteful temple, whose foundation-stone bears the inscription " 1860." The building is of wood, 38 by 60 feet, with stone basement, and is situated south of the old church. It is painted a light drab, with brown trimmings, and is surmounted with a graceful spire, in which is hung a pleasant-toned bell. The cost of the new church was $6000. Nov. 18, 1874, it was formally reopened by Prof. H. A. Buttz, of Drew Theological Seminary, assisted by Rev. W. E. Blakeslee. After the new church was erected the old one was used for a parsonage till 1870, when the present one on Main Street was completed, during the pastorate of Rev. W. C. Nelson. It cost $3000. The first board of trustees were Henry Willever, Joseph Smith, James Martin, Jacob Stoll, and Daniel Stires. One of the first class-leaders was Robert Smith ; he afterwards became a local preacher, and his first sermon was preached in the long frame build- ing opposite the present residence of Mrs. Zerviah Stires. He was one of the five original members, the others being Daniel Stires, Henry Willever, and their wives. The preachers, as near as can be ascertained, who have officiated are Revs. Richard Lanning, Seeley Bloomer, Manning Force (presiding elder and a powerful preacher), and George Banghart. Rev. Abram Carhart was the first preacher on this circuit after the old church was bought, for he came in the spring of 1835. In 1840, Rev. Charles F. Deems, D.D., then a young man, came to Bloomsbury and traveled this circuit for one year. The preachers since 1835 have been as follows : 1835, Abram Carhart, Benjamin Keed ; 1836, Abram Carhart ; 1837, James M. Tuttle ; 1838, WUliam E. Perry ; 1839, ChattleB ; 1840, George Banghart, Charles F. Deems ; 1841, George Hitchene, Jacob Hevener; 1842, George Hitohens, Samuel B. Post; 1843, Abram Owen, Richard Vanhome; 1844, Abram Owen; 1845, Edward Page, Jonathan T. Crane, Jacob P. Daly, M. Stokes; 1846, Edward Page, George Banghart, Jacob P. Daly ; 1847, George Banghart, John Eort, E. San- ders, Bllinwood Rutherford, John K. Burr; 1848, Benjamin Kelly, John Fort; 1849, Benjamin Kelly, Thomas S. Dederick; 1850, George Winsor, R. B. Lockwood ; 1851, George Wineor, Isaac Trot- ter ; 1852-53, Isaac Cross, William Copp, William H. Diokerson ; 1854, Thomas Bawlings, O. Badgeley; 1855, Oliver Badgeley; 1856-67, Thomas Walters ; 1858, Jacob P. Daly ;* 1859-60, William B. Blakes- lee; 1861-62, Charles Walton ; 1863, John F. Dodd ; 1864-65, William H. Haggerty; 1866-67, John B. Taylor; 1868-69, William H. Mc- CormicK ; 1870-72, William C. Nelson ; 1873-75, Joseph W. Dally ; 1876-78, Ruth ; 1879-80, S. D. Doolittle. Present officers: Trustees, William B. Housel, William A. Schooley, James J. Willever, David P. Cline, Farley C. Parker, Peter Hop'pock, James Schooley; Stewards, James J. Willever, Joseph B. Boss, Frank P. Young, James Schooley, Calvin H. Rugg. Present membership, 200 ; value of property, $7500. I \ * In 1858 the Bloomsbury Church was separated from Asbury, with a young preacher, Nathan Coleman, as a supply until the Conference of 1859. The Sunday-school was organized in 1836 by Thomas Hilton, with only 12 scholars. From this small beginning the school has grown to its present size, — 165 scholars, with an average attendance of 125. The officers of the school are : Superintendent, Frank H. Young ; Assistant, Calvin H. Rugg ; Secre- tary, William A. Schooley. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, WEST END. West End Iron-Mines was originally one of the preaching-places on the old Asbury Circuit, which embraced several counties in its territory. Service was held at Joseph Smith's house, which was one of the many " Methodist taverns," as they were latterly called. Mr. Smith lived where his son Robert now resides. Fifty years ago he was a class-leader, and William R. Smith was also class-leader, exhorter, and local preacher. Coonrad Swayze, Abram Housel, Moses Farrow, David Chamberlain, Robert Smith, John Hoppock, Henry Staats, and Asher Smith, to- gether with their families, were among the members of the class at that time. . In 1849 the society built the present house of wor- ship, at a cost of $800, and April 9, 1850, it was dedi- cated by Rev. Joseph Ashbrook, assisted by Rev. Benjamin Kelly, pastor in charge of the circuit. In 1876 it was remodeled and repaired at a cost of $800. The preachers of the Asbury Church have served this, as it is still connected with that church as a charge. The church is valued at $1000, and the membership numbers 40. There is a flourishing Sunday-school connected with this society, superintended by Rev. Harris and Mr. Mathias Case, with an average attendance of 60. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHaRCH, BLOOMSBDRY.f This church is a daughter of the old Greenwich Church, in Warren County. It is situated in the vil- lage of Bloomsbury, just where the New Brunswick turnpike crosses the Musconetcong River into Hun- terdon. The need of a Presbyterian Church at this point was occasioned by the impetus which the village re- ceived from the extension of the railroad through the Musconetcong Valley to Easton. So great was the increase of population and resources at this point, that it was felt to be a question of necessity that a congregation should be organized and a church edifice erected in the locality to accommodate the forty or more Presbyterians who were residents of the village and its immediate vicinity. The question received a practical solution when, on Sept. 1, 1857, the friends of the enterprise founded the church. A subscription was started for the erection of a building, and soon over $4000 were pledged. A petition signed by 129 persons was presented to the Newton Presbytery at its meeting, Oct. 6, 1857, by William J. Smith and John T. Bird. The request f By Rev. John C. Clyde, A.M., pastor. 464 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. was granted, and the following committee was ap- pointed to organize the church : Eevs. Hugh N. Wil- son, D.D., J. Arndt, Eiley, George C. Bush ; Ruling Elders, Peter Winter, of Harmony, Adam R. Reese, of Phillipshurg, and Philip Mutchler, of Asbury. The committee convened in the Methodist Episcopal church of Bloomsbury, on October 29th of that year, and attended to the duties of their appointment. The following persons joined in the organization : John T. Bird, William J. Smith, Sarah E. Smith, John E, Smith, Sarah C. Smith, Mary Hulsizer, Nancy Mitchell, Lydia Cochran, Sarah Steiner, Margaret Hance, Thomas Tonng, Eebecca Ann Young, John Hance, Catharine Hance, Jane R. Smith, Annie Parker, Abra- ham Hance, SuBan Housel, Susan McPhereon, Penelope McPherson, Deborah Young, Peter Hart, Mary Hart, Annie Creveling, Henry Gardner, Elizabeth Gardner, Henry K. Kennedy, Elizabeth L. Ken- nedy, Miriam Kay Kennedy, David F. Wean, Absalom James, Robert I. Smith, Mary H. Smith, William S. Gardner, Rachel Tinsman, Jo- seph 0. Smith, James Bird, Mary Bird, Emily A. Hulsizer, Abraham W, Smith, William S. Hulsizer, and William Tinsman, — forty-two in all, among whom were twenty-six heads of families. James Bird, Henry R. Kennedy, William J. Smith, and William Tinsman were elected ruling elders. Nov. 10, 1857, William S. Hulsizer, John T. Bird, and John Hance were elected deacons, and William S. Gardner, Abraham Hance, and Joseph W. Willever trustees, who, under date of Nov. 16, 1857, signed and sealed their declaration of the corporate existence of the "First Presbyterian Church of Bloomsbury."* Adam D. Runkle donated a suitable piece of land on which to erect a house of worship, deeding the same Nov. 19, 1857. March 6, 1858, Mr. William E. Westervelt, a licen- tiate of the Presbytery of Passaic, was elected the first pastor. He was ordained and installed April 15th. His pastoral relations continued until July 2, 1861, during which there were 41 additions to the church. To the lot of ground donated by Mr. Runkle an adjoining tract was added by purchase in 1858, and a commodious structure, 44 by 66 feet, was erected without delay. It was of frame, neatly finished and furnished, with a seating capacity for 700 persons. Galleries extended around three sides of the room. It was dedicated Oct. 14, 1858, the sermon being preached by Rev. David X. Junkin, D.D. Joseph S. Van Dyke, a licentiate of the Presby- tery of Elizabethtown, was elected the second pastor. October 10th, he preached his ordination sermon, and was installed over the church. In the fall of 1861 this church, with others, was transferred from the Presbytery of Newton to that of Raritan. May 4th the pastoral relation between Mr. Van Dyke and the congregation was dissolved. During his pastorate 118 persons had been received into the membership. April 14, 1866, Henry V. Brittain was elected elder, and Charles E. Williamson and Moses Robbins dea- . * Recorded, November 17th, in the Hunterdon County records, where it may be found, Special Deeds Folio, vol. iil. pp. 37G, 377. July 17, 1869, Rev. H. B. Scott was called, and in that year a commodious parsonage, 22 by 59 feet, was built. During Mr. Scott's pastorate, in 1876, an addi- tional elder, Moses Robbins, was elected, and 142 persons were admitted to the church. In 1870 this church was again assigned to the Pres- bytery of Newton, and its name was placed on the roll of that Presbytery on June 22d. The ."Louisa F. Kennedy Fund" was established in 1878 for the relief of the needy in the congrega- tion. Rev. John C. Clyde succeeded Mr. Scott. He com- menced his ministry July 1st. The installation took place Oct. 14, 1879. Mr. Clyde still continues in the pastorate, Jan. 1, 1881. THE MUSCONBTCONG VALLEY PRESBYTERIAN GHUEOH.t Pursuant to public notice, a number of persons con- nected with the Mansfield congregation, and residing in the Musconetcong Valley, met at the New Hampton school-house, Dec. 24, 1836, to consider the propriety of organizing a separate church. It was thought best to first express good feeling towards those living in the Pohatcong Valley, and, with a view of uniting the parties, to propose erecting a new church at or near the site of the old one, — that is, near the Mansfield graveyard. Samuel Drake and Richard Rounsavel were appointed a committee to meet the other party at Mansfield church, Jan. 6, 1837. The committee reported, at an adjourned meeting at New Hampton, Jan. 7, 1887, that the proposition to rebuild on the old site had failed, as the decision had been made to remove the Mansfield church to Washington. On receiving this report it was resolved to build a Presbyterian church between the villages of Asbury and New Hampton. A meeting was held February 4th, at which seven trustees were elected : Thomas G. Stewart, William Creveling, Richard Rounsavel, Joseph Cornish, Cor- nelius Stewart, John Lake, and Joseph Bowlby. Richard Riddle was chosen treasurer, and Cornelius Stewart secretary. The same meeting decided on location by a majority vote, and also adopted the name of the new church, as well as a plan for the building. Application was made to the Presbytery of Newton, in session at German Valley, in April, 1837, for or- ganization into a church. The request was granted, and the Revs. William B. Sloan, Jacob R. Castner, and D. X. Junkin were appointed a committee for that purpose. June 13, 1837, the committee met at the place selected for the church and performed the duty assigned them. On the same day Frederick Lunger and Richard Riddle were chosen and ordained to the ofiice of ruling elder. Meetings for worship continued to be held during the summer on the ground selected for the church. t By the pastor. Rev. J. B. Kugler. BETHLEHEM. 465 and were supplied by members of the Presbytery. The congregation entered the new building in Sep- tember, though it was not yet completed. A call was made to the Eev. John McNair, and Nov. 16, 1837, he was installed. At the same time Joseph Carter, Samuel M. Harris, Thomas G. Stew- art, and Christian Van Nortwick were chosen to the office of ruling elder. Dec. 21, 1840, Dr. John Gray, of Easton, being moderator, Samuel Drake, William Creveling, Christian Van Nortwick, and Isaac M. Carpenter were elected elders. Eev. James Lewers, of the Presbytery of South Carolina, became the next pastor, in 1841, contin- uing until May, 1860,^a little more than nineteen years. Feb. 2, 1850, Robert Simonton, George Smyth, Abram Apgar, and Philip Muchler were chosen ruling elders. Sept. 15, 1860, a call was given to the Eev. Alfred Yeomans, and Dec. 20th he was ordained and in- stalled. Oct. 10, 1860, 26 persons were, at their own request, dismissed, to be organized into a separate church at Asbury. Dec. 30, 1860, Joseph Cornish, Paul Marlatt, and John Mackey were chosen ruling elders. During the pastorate of Mr. Yeomans the comfortable parsonage was built. Oct. 16, 1866, Eev. John B. Kugler, of Strasburg, Lancaster Co., Pa., was elected pastor, and continues in that position at the present time, Feb. 12, 1881. June 12, 1868, John B. Lunger was chosen to the office of ruling elder and duly installed ; and Jan. 28, 1872, John W. Fritts, Elijah G. Eiddle, and Joseph Garrison were elected, and duly ordained and in- stalled to the same office. Present membership, 175; value of property, $10,000. CEMBTEEIES. There are but five burial-places in this township, — two at Bloomsbury, one near West End, one at the Presbyterian church near Junction village, and one in the Baptist churchyard in Junction village. The following inscriptions from a few of the tomb- stones are given : Methodist Episcopal, at Bloomsbury : Bartholomew Lott, died April 11, 1865, aged eighty ; Ann Maria Woolever, died March 31, 1845, aged sixty-four; Phineas Staats, born Aug. 15, 1814, died Aug. 28, 1860; James Cougle, born March 26, 1780, died March 29, 1851 ; James L. Boss, died Dec. 25, 1855, aged fifty-three; Henry Staats, died May 3, 1874, aged sixty-nine ; William P. Lott, born July 4, 1818, died Jan. 30, 1873; Electa Larison, born- May- 31y 1829; died Aug. 10, 1864 ; Martin J. Foose, died in the Army of the Potomac, May 13, 1863, aged thirty- two ;* Jacob Y. McElroy, First Independent Battery New York Artillery, fell in defense of his country at Gettysburg, Pa., July 9, 1863, aged twenty-one ; Peter * He was a member of Co. C, Thirty-first Regiment New Jersey Vol- iinteera. Foose, born Sept. 6, 1802, died May 16, 1872 ; John L. Lott, born April 4, 1782, died Aug. 6, 1873. Presbyterian, at Bloomsbury : James Bird, born March 6, 1797, died Dec. 13, 1876 ; Mary Bird, born March 10, 1795, died July 20, 1872; Jesse Eunkle, died May 6, 1861, aged fifty-eight; Abraham G. Williams, died March 3, 1872, aged eighty-one; William Hagerman, born Aug. 17, 1783, died May 3, 1863; John P. Smith, born Oct. 17, 1821, died April 12, 1872; Elizabeth Gardner, born Jan. 28, 1790, died Sept. 20, 1865; William H. Creveling, born July 31, 1801, died May 19, 1880; Mary E. Creveling, born Feb. 22, 1808, died Aug. 3, 1880; William M. Junkin, U.S.N., born April 8, 1811, died in Pensacola Bay, Sept. 29, 1863, and buried here April 8, 1864. Fountain Grove Cemetery is located at Glen Gard- ner, and has been occupied only since 1866. There have been as yet but few interments, and still fewer marble slabs mark the resting-place of the dead. We found here the following: Eev. John McNair, D.D., born May 28, 1808, died Jan. 27, 1867 ; James H. Bell, died Oct. 2, 1856, aged forty-three; Moses Gardner, born Nov. 9, 1800, died Dec. 7, 1866 ; Sarah, wife of Eobert Seals, died Dec. 22, 1870, aged seventy- six ; Eliza A. Hunt, born Dec. 30, 1801, died Nov. 23, 1873 ; W. A. A. Hunt, M.D., born June 6, 1796, died Sept. 9, 1878. In Valley Cemetery, located on the lot adjoining the Valley Presbyterian church, near the Junction, lie the remains of many of the early settlers in this locality, the names of whom will be found in history of Presbyterian Church, by Eev. Kugler. SOCIETIES AND CORPORATIONS. " The Bloomsbury National Bank" was organized in 1874, and chartered as a national bank in June, 1875, with a capital of $75,000, subsequently increased to $100,000. The bank is located in the Odd-Fellows' building. Henry E. Kennedy was the first president, and Jesse J. Lake the first vice-president. The offi- cers for 1880 were : President, Henry E. Kennedy ; Vice-President, Sylvester Probasco; Cashier, Louis Anderson ; Teller, Frank Cline. " Bloomsbury Vigilant Society" was organized June 29, 1867. Its object is " for detection of horse-thieves, and mutually insuring horses, mules, carriages, and harness, stolen." The first officers were: President, William Tinsman; Vice-Presidents, William S. Gardner, William S. Hulsizer ; Directors, William S. Hulsizer, Willia m S. Gardner, Charles Hazard, Wiliiam^GT^Jones, and William Tinsman; Pur- suers, Charles Hazard, Theodore Tinsman, John M. Bayard, Joseph Emery, Eeadon Stiner, William G. Jones, Henry Gardner, Henry Hoif, Isaac Wolverton, Stacey B. Fine, A. G. Smith, and William S. Hulsizer. This society was incorporated by act of the Legisla- ture, April 3, 1871, and William S. Gardner, William S. Hulsizer, Charles Hazard, Daniel Williamson, and 466 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. William Tinsman were named as incorporators. The bounds of the society form a radius of seven miles from the village of Bloomsbury, and the pursuers are to advance seventy-five miles, or farther if necessary. The regular meetings of the society are held in Jan- uary of each year. The present officers (1880) are: President, William S. Hulsizer ; Vice-Presidents, Joseph W. Willever and William Dalrymple ; Treasurer, Theodore Tins- man ; Secretary, William G. Jones ; Directors, James Apgar, Daniel Williamson, Charles Hazard, Joseph W. Willever, James J. Willever; Pursuers, Charles Hazard, Wilson Metier, John Cole, Joseph Emery, Amos Maxwell, Joseph B. Boss, William Vliet, Albert Insley, Isaac Wolverton, John B. Smith, Thomas Lake, Eeadon Stiner; and Theodore Tins- man Principal Pursuer. "Touchstone Lodge, No. 156, L O. of 0. F.," was instituted at Bloomsbury, May 16, 1871, with the fol- lowing charter members : B. E. Bowne, Henry Carter, John S. Carter, F. K. Young, William B. Housel, and Peter D. Eockafellow. The principal first officers were: Noble Grand, B. E. Bowne; Vice-Grand, Henry Carter; Eec. Sec, John S. Carter; Treas., F. K. Young ; Warden, Peter D. Eockafellow ; Conductor, Abram W. Smith. The successive presiding officers have been Henry Carter, John S. Carter, S. N. Parks, F. K. Young, W. H. Allen, Henry Carter, W. B. Housel, W. S. Schooley, W. M. Cackender, W. C. Cole, W. H. Foose, H. S. Apgar, J. W. Creveling, Jacob Stone, Joseph L. Allen, Nelson Geary, and John W. Bowlby. The sessions are held Saturday evenings, in Odd-Fellows' building, Bloomsbury. Present membership, 60. But one member has died since organization, — viz., George Wood, killed by ac- cident, Jan. 21, 1875. The principal present officers {December, 1880) are: N. G., James P. Myers ; Vice-Grand, S. E. Dalrymple ; Eec. Sec, Peter D. Young ; Treas., S. N. Park ; Con- ductor, W. H. Foose ; Warden, Nelson Geary. " The Odd-Fellows' Hall Association" was formed for the purpose of investing the surplus funds of the lodge, and was chartered by the Legislature, March 14, 1873. The first officers were : President, William G. Jones; Vice-President, Jacob Stiner; Secretary, F. K. Young; Treasurer, John S. Carter; Executive Committee, S. B. Fine, John W. Bowlby, and W. B. Housel. The hall was erected on the corner of Main and Centre Streets. It is three stories high, with a Mansard roof, and cost $7000. The officers for 1880 were: President, Jesse J. Lape ; Vice-President, Daniel Bloom ; Secretary, W. H. Foose; Treasurer, George W. Scott; Executive Committee, W. H. Foose, George W. Scott, and W. E. Schooley. " H. E. Kennedy Lodge, No. 140, A. F. and A. M.," Bloomsbury, was granted a warrant of dispensation Sept. 7, 1874, under which it worked until Jan. 21, 1875, when it was chartered by the Grand Lodge. The original members were John Stute, P. D. Eocka- fellow, J. W. Bowlby, William W. Swayze, Charles Tomlinson, M. D. Knight, Solomon W. Welder, Eobert A. Shimer, and Theodore B. Hance. The first W. M. was Samuel Phipps ; first secretary, S. B. Fine. The Past Masters are Samuel Phipps, S. N. Park, William Dalrymple, and William A. Schooley. Present mem- bership, 52. The principal officers for 1880 were : W. M., F. K. Young; S. W., D. S. Stute; J. W., J. J. Lake; Treas., W. G. Jones; Sec, S. N. Park; S. D., W. A. Schooley; J. D., E. T. Vliet; Tiler, Jas. Boss. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. The industrial pursuits are about the same as in other townships, except that of mining, in which by far the most capital is invested and the most men employed. The original mills at Bloomsbury were built prob- ably as early as 1760. The grist-mill was, most likely, the first of the kind in this part of the valley, and was rebuilt about 1825, burned Feb. 6, 1878, and again rebuilt and put in its present condition in 1878 by John Herbert, of Bound Brook. The present owner is Thomas T. Huffman. There have been three distilleries at Bloomsbury. The first was built by Daniel Stires, in the bend of the Little York Eoad, just below the arch-bridge of the Central Eailroad. There is no trace of it left. The next was on the site of Huffman's saw-mill, be- low the grist-mill, and the other was built by Jona- than Eobbins, on the farm now occupied by Moses Eobbins, a little west of the village of Bloomsbury, and still standing, but not used as a distillery. The distillery below the grist-mill gave place to cotton-factories, built in 1842 and 1843 by the Mus- conetcong Manufacturing Company. This company was established for the purpose of manufacturing and finishing for market cotton, woolen, and flax goods, and was incorporated in 1842. Enoch Green, John G. Eichey, Adam D. Eunkle, George B. Green, and Thomas Green were the first directors. The capital stock was not to exceed $200,000. The factories were located below the grist-mill at Bloomsbury, covering the site of the present saw-mill, and were burned in 1856. The present saw-mill, on the site of the factory, was built by John Herbert, and sold to T. T. Huff- man, present owner. The grist-mill at " Jugtown" (or "West End") was built in 1825 by Joseph Cornish ; in 1849 it was pur- chased by Sylvester H. Smith, the present owner. The saw-mill at West End is now owned and oper- ated by Charles Opdyke. The first manufacturing establishment of any kind at what is now Bloomsbury was a saw-mill and fur- nace where " blooms" were made from the iron ore, to which reference has already been made. The grist-mill on the Bethlehem Creek at Asbury was built some time previous to the Eevolution, and PC^^-i^r- BETHLEHEM. 467 there has been a mill at this place ever since. The lime interest has been one of importance in this town- ship, and at one time was extensively carried on. "WEST END IRON COMPANY." The mines of the company are located in this town- ship, near Bethlehem village, though the post-office is named " "West End," to conform to the name of the company. The ore from the Turkey Hill mines, sit- uated about a mile and a half southwest of the vil- lage, is delivered on board cars run on a branch from that place on the Easton and Amboy branch of the Lehigh Valley Eailroad. The ore from the Swayze mines, located the same distance east of Jugtown, is carted to the Valley station, on the Central Railroad, a distance of two and a half miles. These mines are producing annually large quantities of the best kind of Bessemer iron ore. The officers of the company are : President, F. A. Potts ; Secretary and Treasurer, John Kean, Jr. ; General Manager, G. M. Miller ; Superintendent, N. H. Heft. PHYSICIANS, The first physician known to have located in what " is now this township was Thomas Elder, at Blooms- bury, between 1800 and 1810. Just how long he re- mained here is unknown. The next was John Sloan, who practiced in Bloomsbury from 1820 to 1822. He was followed in 1822 by Hugh Hughes, who died here in 1856. Other physicians in Bloomsbury have been J. M. Junkin, Isaac C. Stewart, Joseph Bird, Jeremiah O. HoflF, Dr. Elder, a Scotchman, and the present prac- ticing physician, William E. Little. At Junction there have been four physicians, of whom there still remain Philip G. Creveling, located in 1866, and Robert Fenwick, the same year, and still in practice. H. Servis came in 1874, and T. A. Heron in 1876 ; both still practice here. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. turned to Asbury and resumed milling business, which he followed till the spring of 1848. In 1849 he en- gaged in milling at Spring Mills, Alexandria town- ship, Hunterdon Co., where he remained one year, and in 1850 removed to his present location, his father having purchased the mill property there. This. mill property is situated on a mountain stream in the village of Bethlehem, upon which there has been a mill for more than a hundred years. Mr. Smith purchased the property of his father in 1853, and has rebuilt the mill, and erected two dwelling- houses and other buildings upon the place. He is engaged in grinding both merchant and custom flour, and in handling and shipping grain in bulk, the highest amount having been reached in 1864, in which year he shipped $45,000 worth of grain in the three months of December, January, and February, making a large profit. Since then the amount han- dled has not been so large, though it has steadily amounted to a considerable trade. In 1873 and 1874, while the tunnel on the Lehigh Valley road was being built at this place, Mr. Smith's sales from his mill and coal-yard averaged 12500 per month. He is a Republican in politics, having, as he says, been " left by the Democratic party in 1856." He had previously been elected justice of the peace by the Democrats, and served for nine years, from 1851 to 1860. He was again elected justice in 1870, and has held various other local offices in his township. He ran at the instigation of his friends for member of Assembly in 1855, but was defeated by a small ma- jority. He has frequently served as a delegate to county, congressional, and State conventions, and was a member of the Suffrage State Convention in 1869. In 1874 he was appointed one of the lay judges of the Court of Common Pleas, and held the office five years. In 1879 he was nominated for sena- tor for Hunterdon County and made a good race, but on account of certain local issues was defeated. Mr. Smith married, Oct. 22, 1844, Ann Elizabeth, daughter of John and Catharine McCrea, of Bethle- hem N. J. They have had ten children, — two sons and eight daughters ; two of the latter are deceased. His eldest son, Simeon H., is in mercantile business at Bethlehem; the youngest, Abraham Lincoln, is attending school at Trenton, N. J. SYLVESTER H. SMITH. Sylvester H. Smith was born in Franklin township, Warren Co., N. J., July 14, 1821. He is a son of David and Mary (Wyckoff) Smith, the oldest of twelve children,— five sons and seven daughters,— all living. Mr. Smith lived on a farm till he was twenty years of age, when his father hired him to George Painter, of Asbury, to learn the milling business. This was in 1840. He remained at Asbury, engaged in mill- ing till 1843, in the spring of which year he went to Waterloo, Sussex Co., and engaged in the same occu- pation there, remaining till the fall, when he re- HOWARD SERVIS, M.D. Howard Servis, M.D., was born Oct. 6, 1829, near Ringos, N. J. His father was Gerret Servis, a promi- nent citizen of Hunterdon County, who was for three years sheriff, was twice elected to the New Jersey Legislature, and for several years was postmaster at Clinton. His mother was Susan Stout Servis, a grand- daughter of John Hart, one of the signers of the De- claration of Independence. Dr. Servis was educated solely by his father. He studied medicine with Dr. Charles C. Phillips, of Deerfield, Cumberland Co., N. J. 468 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. In 1856 lie entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. Being over twenty-one years of age at the time of his matriculation, he was required to take but two terms, and in 1858 received his degree of Doctor of Medicine. f-^-t^-fi^ d -^^^-^^ ^. M He at once established himself at Fairmount, Hun- terdon Co., N. J., and soon built up an extensive practice. With unusual professional ardor, he deter- mined, after having been in active practice two years, to resume his academic studies, and he accordingly, in the winter of 1860, attended a special course of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania. He re- turned to Fairmount, but at the end of a year he re- moved to New Hampton, and succeeded to the prac- tice of Dr. McLenahan, a prominent physician, at ■whose request Dr. Servis made the change. With such indorsement, he succeeded to the full practice of Dr. McLenahan, and has since won the respect and confidence of the community in which he resides, both as a useful citizen and as an eminently successful phy- sician and surgeon. He is a member of the District Medical Society of Hunterdon County. He was married, June 12, 1867, to Belinda, daughter of Philip Johnston, Esq., of Washington, N. J. SAMUEL CRBVELING. The late Samuel Creveliug, of Asbury, was born in Bethlehem township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Aug. 6, 1796, and died March 15, 1880. He married Abigail Warne, Sept. 20, 1820. She was born July 27, 1800, and died March 8, 1863. Their children were Elisha W., born Dec. 11, 1821, married Mehitable Stryker, Dec. 11, 1840; Jacob, born Nov. 4, 1823; Susan, born June 19, 1826, married Charles S. Carpenter, Got. 15, 1845 ; Samuel, born Aug. 14, 1828, married Emma 0. Boyer, Dec. 23, 1858 ; Eachel Ann, born Sept. 14, 1830, married William A. Young, Sept. 14, 1852; Mary Elizabeth, born July 3, 1834; Sarah Ellen, born Sept. 2, 1837, died Jan. 8, 1867 ; Emma W., born Feb. 29, 1840, married Dr. Frederick P. Shepherd, Jan. 1, 1867; Jane W., born Feb. 16, 1843, married Charles W. Opdyke, Feb. 27, 1862. Mr. Creveling was a well-known citizen. He fol- lowed the occupation of a farmer, residing on the old homestead near Valley Station. The latter part of his life he lived retired in the village of Asbury, su- perintending the interest of his farms. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church for many years, was a man of integrity of character and exem- plary life, very liberal in support of churches. He was also very strong and decided in his political views, being a staunch Republican and a warm friend and supporter of the principles of that party. He lived to an advanced age, being in his eighty- fourth year at the time of his death. JOHN 0. WENB. John C. Wene was born in Bethlehem township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Sept. 20, 1809. He is a son of Paul and Elizabeth (Cregar) Wene. At the age of eight years he went to live with his grandfather Cregar ; lived there until he was thirteen ; then hired out to Ichabod Lee, of Bethlehem, for whom he worked till twenty years of age. The last year of his minority his father gave him his time, and he earned eighty-five dollars, out of which he saved forty. He then came with his brother Conrad to the mountain, and they together purchased the adjoining farm, where his brother now lives. After working here one year he was induced to relinquish his interest in this farm and take the Bigler farm, adjoining, to work upon shares. He has ever since lived upon this farm, having, on the 3d of September, 1859, married a granddaughter of Mr. Bigler, Miss Elizabeth Mat- thews. Mr. Wene has been an industrious and persistent worker and a good manager, and by prudence and economy has saved a handsome competence. From a boy of eight years of age he has depended upon his own exertions, and had little or no schooling except what he procured for himself after he was twenty-one. Yet he has achieved success, not only in a pecuniary point of view but in the maintenance of a character for integrity and liberality. He has been for about forty years a member of the Bethlehem Baptist Church, and is one of the largest contributors to SAMUEL CEEVELING, SE. SAMUEL CREVELING, Jr. Samuel Creveling, Jr., son of Samuel Creve- Img, Sr., and Abigail (Warne) Creveling, was born in Bethlehem township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Aug. 14, 1828, and died Aug. 19, 1875. He was brought up to the occupation of a farmer, and received his education at the com- mon schools of his neighborhood. He mar- ried, Dec. 23, 1858, Emma C, daughter of David and Lydia (Shimer) Boyer, born in Franklin township, Warren Co., N. J. The fruit of this marriage has been eight children, as follows: infant daughter, born Jan. 9, 1860; Harry J., born April 19, 1861, died Sept. 20, 1862; Jennie, born Jan. 26, 1863; George B., born Jan. 23, 1865, lives at home; Julia, born Jan. 11, 1869; Charles, born Sept. 20, 1870, died Oct. 9, 1870; Annie, born Sept. 20, 1870; Luie, born May 28, 1874, died Aug. 15, 1880. Mr. Creveling was a staunch Republican, and took an active part in the political affairs of his party, being a frequent delegate to conven- tions, and an earnest and indefatigable worker in behalf of the principles he so highly valued. He had a high reputation for honor and integ- rity ; was a faithful and affectionate husband, a kind and indulgent father, and a true friend. His death was much lamented by a large circle of friends. The ancestors of Dr. Creveling came from Holland , and were among the earliest settlers in the Musconetcong Val- ley. The following is a record of the first couple who settled there and their children: Johannes Creveling, born Jan. 6, 1706 ; Catharine, his wife, born July 12, 1710, married, Sept. 6, 1737, by Johannes Casprivis Everhartus, minister in Bannioxcein. Their residence is given as Woverlingen, Holland. Johannes Creveling died Jan. 20, 1782. The children of this couple were : William , born Feb. 14, 1739, married, Jan. 28, 1762, to Catharine Wel- ler, by Charles Huff, Esq. ; Mary, born April 24, 1740, married, Jan. 28, 1762, to Henry Strader, by Charles Huff, Esq. ; Henry, born Nov. 6, 1741, married, July 1, 1770, to Sarah Weller, by Thomas Van Home, Esq. ; Andrew, born Feb. 28, 1743, married, June 18, 1771, to Margaret Patrick, by Minister McHannah ; Johannes, born Feb. 22, 1745, married, Feb. 8, 1776, to Mary Knowles, by Mr. Stright ; Margaret, born Sept. 31, 1747, married, March 30, 1763, to David Beer, by Mr. Rosebrook, minister ; Christiana, born Sept. 30, 1749, married, Nov. 29, 1769, to Jacob .Weller, by Thomas Van Home, Esq.; Peter, born Feb. 22, 1753; Jacob, born March 25, 1755 ; Anne, born March 10, 1758, mar- ried, Dec. 13, 1778, to John Brinkerhoff, by Joseph Treate. Jacob Creveling, tenth child of Johannes and Catha- rine, was the grandfather of Dr. William S. Creveling. His father was William H., youngest son of Jacob Creveling, born July 31, 1801, and married Mary Bar- ber. He lived in the Musconetcong Valley, on the farm cleared by his grandfather Johannes, and had twelve children, nine of whom are living; their names are as follows: John J., now living at Bloomsbury, N. J.; Christiana, deceased ; Jacob, residing in the city of New York; Elizabeth, deceased, wife of John Hunt; Wil- liam S., M.D., of West End, Bethlehem township, Hunterdon Co. ; George, now living in Washington, D. C. ; Francelia, wife of Dr. William Little, of Bloomsbury, N. J. ; Charlotte V., wife of A. York Smith, residing at Hazleton, Pa. ; and Isabella, wife of George W. Scott, of Bloomsbury, N. J. William Sloan Creveling was born at West End, Bethlehem township, Hunterdon Co., N. J,, Nov. 21, 1829. He was brought up on a farm and received a good English education, reading in the classics and studying medicine with Dr. John Blane, of Perryville, Hunterdon Co. He commenced his medical studies in 1846, and received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of New York in 1851. After practicing one year with his preceptor, in the spring of 1852 he moved to the village of Stanton, Hunterdon Co., where he remained, pursuing a successful professional career, for twenty-two years, and attaining a high reputation as a physician. In 1874 he removed to West End, or Bethlehem Village, where he still follows his profession with the same ardor and success. Dr. Creveling is a, member of the State Medical Society, and holds a practitioner's license from that body. He is also a member of the District Medical Society of Hunterdon County, of which he has several times been president and a delegate to other important medical bodies. He married, Jan. 2, 1854, Thisby M., daughter of the late John S. Britton, of Hunterdon County. They have two children,— Martha, born Sept. 8, 1855, wife of Dr. Albert S. Shannon, successor of Dr. Creveling at Stanton, N. J., and Mary, single and living at home. MAETIN H. CEEVELING. Martin H. Creveling was born June 2, 1812, I on the place where his life was spent, near the village of BetHehenci, Hunterdon Co., N. J., where he died April 24, 1878. He was a son of Peter and Delilah (Farrell) Creveling; was educated at the common schools, and followed the occupation of a farmer all his life. He inherited a part of his father's estate, on which he was born, and purchased a portion from the other heirs, leaving to his- widow and children who survive him a comfortable competence. He married, Dec. 24, 1840, Hannah Ann Alpaugh, daughter of Charles Alpaugh, of Alexandria township. They have had four children, — three sons and one daughter, all living, — viz.. Agues, James L., Alfred G., and Charles O. All except Alfred G. reside at home; he married Julia J. Smith, and lives at Bloomsburj^, N. J. Mr. Creveling was a man of upright and un- blemished character, and a member of the Pres- byterian Church. Although in feeble health for some time, his death was quite unexpected. He died suddenly, of pneumonia, in three days from the time when he was taken seriously Ul. His memory will be cherished by many friends and relatives. ^-^-^ -^ BETHLEHEM. 469 its support and to missionary and other incidental interests. In politics he is a Democrat, and has held sev- eral responsible offices in his township, such as a member of the committee, collector, etc. Mr. and Mrs. Wene have three children, one son and two daughters, — viz., Elizabeth, wife of Henry Laity, foreman of the Swayze mines, Margaret, and John Wene. DAVID F. WENE.« His grandfather, Conrad Wene, lived in Tewksbury township, and served in the Revolutionary war. Later in life he lived at Quakertown, where he attained the remarkable age of one hundred and one years. He time of his marriage to Elizabeth Dalrymple, in May, 1837. He was saving, prudent, and industrious, and has well realized the reward of his virtues. After his marriage he settled in Bloomsbury and bought prop- erty largely in the village, much of which he still owns, although he has missed few opportunities to dis- pose of a piece of property profitably. He followed the business of a carpenter and under- taker till 1872, since which time he has been in the lumber business, owning a saw-mill at Bloomsbury and a farm near the village. He has ten acres in Warren County which he has been fitting up for a cemetery. Mr. Wene has been for many years a member of the Greenwich Presbyterian Church. -^^^^^^^^^ was buried at LebanoiPcteriS^' His third son, Peter Wene, father of Dar^f^- 5t^ nramed Folly De Forest, served in the war'of^l^t^W/Sad nine children, five sons and four datS^Mfesf, fhree of whom — viz., Mary, wife of Aaron Rofff of New Germantown; Sarah, wife of John Stakle, of Bucks Co., Pa. : and David F., the subject of this sketch — are living. David F. Wene was born in Lebanon township, N. J., April 8, 1806. He went to Tewksbury town- ship, where his mother died when he was eleven years old, and he was bound out to Kasper B. Wyc- kofi", in Eeadington, and remained there till he was of age, working on a farm. After arriving at his ma- jority, he did farm -work, made brick, etc., up to the * Or Wean. JOSEPH W. WILLEVBR. Joseph W. Willever was born Nov. 20, 1820, on the farm adjoining the place where he now resides, being part of the original homestead, in Bethlehem town- ship, Hunterdon Co., N. J. The estate has been more than one hundred years in the family. It belonged first to the Conover (originally Covenhoven) fainily, one of whom, Sarah, married James Eckman, the maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch. His grandfather Eckman being one of the heirs, the. property came into the Willever family partly in this way and partly by purchase by Mr. Eckman of the other heirs. The Willevers from whom he is descended lived many generations ago in Greenwich (now Franklin) township, Warren Co., where his great-grandfather, Adam Willever, was the original proprietor of a large tract of land, and had also a large tract near Jerseytown, Pa. This land was divided among his six sons, three of whom settled on the estate in Pennsylvania, and three — viz., Joseph, Peter, and Phillip — on that in Warren Co., N. J. Joseph was the grandfather of the subject of our sketch. He lived and died on the old homestead in Warren County, having married a Miss Kinneman and raised a family of three children, — two sons and one daugh- ter, — viz., Adam, Peter, and Barbara. Peter, the second son, was the father of the present Mr. Willever. He was born and reared in Warren County, and Jived there till his marriage to Hannah Eckma% daughter of James and Sarah (Conover) Eckman, above referred to ; and after his marriage came to live with his father-in-law on the Eckman, now the Willever estate, in Bethlehem township. He was active in town afiairs, especially in the militia, in which he held at difi'erent times the positions of captain and major. He died in 1835, leaving two sons, Joseph W. and James; the latter now owns the original homestettd, but resides at Bloomsbury, N.J. Joseph W. Willever was brought up on the old homestead and bred to the occupation of a farmer ; JV--*■'•^^, 470 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. received his education at the common schools ; has been an indefatigable worker, carrying on a large farm, remodeling everything upon the premises, and erecting buildings which no farmer would be ashamed to pattern after, for their appearance, convenience, and durability. He is living in the third house erected upon the same foundation, probably laid more than a hundred years ago by John Beamer, a native of Ger- many, who came here before the Conovers and erected a stone house. That house was torn down by Mr. Willever and a frame one erected upon the same foundation ; the latter was burned down and another built, which was also destroyed by fire, and was re- placed by the present brick residence in 1859. Mr. Willever married. May 19, 1842, Elizabeth W., daughter of James Horner, of Northampton, Pa. They have had eight cliildren, five of whom are liv- ing, — viz., James H., Hannah M., deceased ; Jane Alice, deceased ; Kobert M., George W., Willard 0., deceased ; Stephen A. D., and Anna E. James H. was educated at the Delaware Literary Institute, at Franklin, Delaware Co., N. Y. Eobert M. and George W. were prepared for business at Eastman's Com- mercial College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Stephen A. D. is studying medicine in Philadelphia. Anna E. was educated at the Moravian Seminary, in Bethle- hem, Pa. In politics Mr. Willever is a Democrat, and has held several local offices of trust and responsibility, having been justice of the peace and a member of the Legislature for two years, — 1855 and 1856. He has been for some fifteen years a director in the Readington Fire Insurance Company, and is a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church at Bloomsbury. WILLIAM TINSMAN. The grandfather of Mr. Tinsman formerly resided across the line from the present homestead, in Green- wich (now Franklin) township, Warren Co., and sub- sequently removed to Kingwood, Hunterdon Co., where he settled on a farm and lived there till his death. William Tinsman, Sr., the father of the sub- ject of this sketch, was born and brought up in Franklin township, Warren Co., and in 1838 moved across the line into Bethlehem township and settled on the place where his son now resides. It is a beau- tiful situation, in the rich valley between West End, or Bethlehem village, and Bloomsbury, within sight of both the Lehigh Valley and Central Eailroad of New Jersey. William Tinsman, Sr., married Mary, daughter of John Fine, of Fineville, N. J., and had children, — John, William, Sally, Catharine, Margaret, Elizabeth, Mary, and Emily. Only #wo "of these are living at this writing, — to wit, Elizabeth, wife of Abraham Hance, of Blobins'bury, and William, the subject ot our sketch. William Tinsman was horn in Greenwich (now Franklin) township, Warren Co., N. J., May 1, 1811. He married, while living in Warren County, Eachel, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Gardner, in 1839. They have had children, as follows : Mary, wife of Charles Alpaugh, of Bloomsbury ; Theodore, who married Anna Smith and lives in Bloomsbuiy ; Eliz- abeth, wife of Joseph B. Emery, living on the farm with Mr. Tinsman ; and Margaret, wife of William S. White, a keeper of lighthouse in Salem Co., N. J. Mr. Tinsman inherited part of his estate from his father and purchased the rest of the heirs. He has been justice of the peace several years, and has held nearly all the responsible offices in his township, has been county collector, and was a member of the Leg- islature in 1851-52. He was elected on the Dem- ocratic ticket, of which party he has always been a staunch supporter, and an active worker in many of its conventions. In his ecclesiastical relations he was first connected with the Lutheran Church, and represented it in the General Synod. Since his settlement here he has joined the Presbyterian Church of Bloomsbury, in which he is an elder. He has represented this church m the Presbytery, Synod, and General Assembly, and was elected to represent it in the Synod convened at Bridgeton, N. J., in October, 1880, but his health would not admit of his attending. He is a liberal giver to charitable and church enterprises. Xl^ ^ y^My^ ResiDLNCEor JOSEPH W. Wl LLEYFR, BethlchemJp., Hu ntekdon Co NJ f\EsiDENCE or W.H DRAKE, Bethlehem Jp Hlntcpdon Co, N.J. The great-grandfather of W. R. Little came from Europe, and settled in Chester Co., Pa., in 1710. He had a son, Roger, who was a soldier in the Revolution, although a Quaker, being forced into the service on account of his value as a scout. He settled after the war in Charlestown, Chester Co., Pa. ; was twice married, and had five children by his second wife, of whom Wil- liam, the father of Dr. Little, was the third, and was born in the year 1800. He lived on the homestead property till 1857, when he moved to East Bradford, Chester Co., where he spent the remainder of his life, and died there, in 1879, in his seventy-ninth year. He never would accept any public office, although nomi- nated for the Legislature with a good chance of election, being a staunch Republican. He fol- lowed farming through life. In 1833 he married Ann Chrisman, by whom he had four children who arrived at mature age, two sons and two daughters, — viz., George Little, who lives on the homestead property ; Martha, wife of Samuel Fetters, of Glenloch, Chester Co., Pa. ; Mary J., who died in young womanhood ; and Wil- liam R., the subject of this notice. William R. Little was born in Charlestown township, Chester Co., Pa., Oct. 27, 1850. He was brought up there, and received his rudi- mentary education at the common schools ; was prepared for college at Litiz Academy, in Lan- caster Co., Pa., and graduated at Lafayette College, Easton, in 1873. Two years later he entered the Medical Department of the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania at Pliiladelphia, and re- ceived his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1877. He immediately settled in Bloomsbury, N. J., where he has remained ever since, acquir- ing a large practice and a good reputation as a physician. In addition to his practice he is also proprietor of a drug-store in Bloomsbury. He is a member of the State Medical Society and of the District Medical Society of Hunter- don County. He married, April 5, 1878, Celia, daughter of William H. Creveling, of Hunterdon County, and has one son, William D. Little. ^^/l^uJ-^t^-Z- u^^ <^ySirtff^^, Moses' great-grandfather, Jonathan Robins, settled in Alexandria township, adjoining the "Old Hickory Tavern," in 1751, and bought land of" one Widow Merrill." The original es- tate contained two hundred and eighty-live acres of land. He had two sons, Jonathan and Isaac, and four daughters, the former being the grand- father of Moses Robins. He lived and reared a large family on the old estate. One of his sons, Jonathan, the third of that name, was the father of our subject. This Jonathan married Widow Charity Lawshe, and had by her nine children. George, James, and Ephraim, of the sons, are deceased, and one of the daughters, Mary, is deceased; those living are Moses, Jonas, Sylvester, Sarah, and Elizabeth. Jonas married Sarah Jane Case, and lives on the old homestead in Alexandria; Sylvester married Isa- bella Bird, and lives in Branchburg township, Somerset Co.; Sarah married James Sidders, and lives near Urbana, Ohio; Elizabeth mar- ried, fir.st, Reuben R. Wright, deceased, and second, Jonas Tharp ; they live in Union town- ship adjoining tiie original homestead. Jonathan Robins, the father, bought out the heirs and owned most of the old homestead tract; and after his marriage to Widow Lawshe purchased the other homestead in Union town- ship, where he died Dec. 12, 1872, and was buried on the original place. His wife died March 25, 1859, aged sixty-two years, ten months, and twenty-four days. Moses Robins was born in Bethlehem (now Union) township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Sept. 3, 1826. He was brought up on the place, and lived there till twenty-three years of age. Oct. 25, 1849, he married Susan M. Kels, daughter of Henry Kels, of Alexandria, and has had children as follows : Lucy E., born Sept. 2, 1850, married James A. Creveling, Feb. 13, 1875; Sarah E., born May 21, 1853, died July 14, 1857; George, born Aug. 12, 1854, died Nov. 7, 1855; Sylvester, born April 19, 1856, lives at home; Mary A., born Nov. 22, 1857; Charity E., born July 30, 1859; Henry K., born July 1, 1861 ; John L., born Oct. 22, 1862, died June 23, 1863; Anna, born Nov. 11, 1864, died Jan. 11, 1873; Jonathan E., born Oct. 13, 1866 ; Isabella, born Aug. 2, 1870. Mr. Robins moved to the farm he now occu- pies in 1853. It was purchased by his father of Adam D. Runkle. He has made great im- provements on the place, both in buildings and culture, and it is one of the finest farms in this section of New Jersey. He is a Republican, and has served his town in several responsible offices. Was nominated and ran as a candidate for the Legislature in 1877, but was defeated, although running ahead of his ticket. He has been commissioner of deeds several years, school trustee, and district clerk. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church of Bloomsbury, and he is an elder in that body. TEWKSBURY. This townsliip is situated in the nortlieast corner of the county, and is bounded north by Morris County ; east by Somerset County and Keadington township; south by Eeadington and Clinton town- ships ; west by High Bridge and Lebanon. It com- prises 35.82 square miles, or 22,925 acres. By the census of 1880, it has 189 farms and a population of 2108. NATURAL FEATURES. The township is traversed by a range of high and rolling land called Fox Hill, after one of the early proprietors. It constitutes a considerable portion of its area, and ranges generally northeast and south- west, reaching from Pottersville to Cokesburg, and from the Morris county line to within a mile of New Germantown. A rich limestone valley south of this covers most of the remaining portion of the township. A little over half of the eastern side of the township is washed by the Lamington River, and the northern half of its west side by the South Branch of the Eari- tan, both of which fiirnish splendid water-powers at Pottersville and Califon. A small branch of the latter cuts across the northwest corner of the township and empties at Califon. The north branch of the Eockaway Creek rises in the northwestern part of the township in three branches, which meet at Mountainville, and runs thence south- eastwardly across the southern part of the township, and for a distance of three miles from its southern boundary. It furnishes water-powers at Fairmount, Mountainville, and to a mill below Mountainville. Cold Brook furnishes water-power for the mill at New Oermantown. The whole township is a fine farming region, and most of it is in a high state of cultivation. Numerous hme-Mlns indicate the source of fertility of the land. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The earliest settlement in Tewksbury was made about 1700,* where New Germantown now is. It was originally composed of English people, Ealph Smith being the leader and becoming the most im- portant landowner. The town was first called, after him, "Smithfield." He resided in a house — stand- ing probably where Peter W. Melick now lives — rebuilt and known after his time as Barnet Hall. He may have been an ancestor of the numerous Smith femily hereabouts. He appears to have had a church * Col. E. E. Honeyman in " Our Home," p. 117. building erected, which he sold to the Lutheran so- ciety in 1749. -He also sold the lots opposite the church, on the south side of Church Street, from Main Street east. His name appears in the managing com- mittee of the Lamington Church in 1749.t Other English names appear in that early time, — Johnson, Thompson, Cole, Plat, Ireland, Carlisle, — but they disappear again. James Cole appears as the purchaser of a lot corner of Main and Church Streets in 1761, though he came from Boston in 1734 with a family, having left one child " buried at the east end of the old English church in Boston in 1728." He had thir- teen children. Mrs. Ireland lived on the lot next north of that now occupied by Mr. J. Bosenbury, but which was probably owned by John Carlisle.! Thomas Holme appears as the owner of the next lot north, and he and John Fleet as the owners of the corner of Main and Church Streets, where the tavern now stands. These names all disappear, and their places are taken by those of German settlers who came in soon after. " It was in 1705 that a number of German Reformed people residing between two cities in Germany, called Wolfenbeutel and Halberstadt, driven by persecution, fled first to Neuwird, in Ehenish Prussia, and' then to Holland, where; two years later, in 1707, they em- barked for New York, but by adverse winds their frail ship was carried into Delaware Bay. Deter- mined, however, still to reach the place for which they were destined, to have a home among the Dutch, they set off from Philadelphia by the overland route to New York."g Following the Old York Road, they were led to Hunterdon County, and a portion of them ultimately to Tewksbury township, where they settled, and where the present inhabitants are largely their de- scendants. The old family names of Pickel, Welsh, Apgar, Farley, Alpaugh, Philhower, Melick, Hoff- man, Einehart, etc., come down from these. Mindurt Farley was in all probability one of these first immigrants. He was the first settler in Cokesburg in the early part of the last century, and bought about 200 acres of land where Oliver W. Farley now lives. He had five sons — Caleb, Isaac, John, Mindurt, and Joshua — and two daughters, — Margaret and Mary. Margaret married Abraham Pickel ; Mary, Conrad f Dr. W. W. Blauvelt's Bennon ou hiatory of LamiDgton Church, quoted in " Our Home," p. 169. t Col. Honeyman in ^' Our Home," p. 119. g Sermon of Kev. Mr. Wack, in " Our Home," p. 389. 471 472 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Apgar. Mindurt had three children, — Dr. Francis Asbury Farley, who was a man of some peculiarities, and lived where William Farley now lives ; Anthony, who married a Miss McCullough ; and Barbara, who married a Mr. Kennedy. Anthony had two sons — • William and Mindurt, the latter a lawyer of some distinction — and three daughters. Barbara Kennedy's daughter Catharine married Rev. Mr. Brown, a Meth- odist minister, and her son Archibald is a lawyer of Jersey City. Joshua Farley, born in 1769, married Miss Sutton, daughter of Aaron Sutton, another of the first settlers, and had ten children, — Aaron, Mindurt (3), Oliver W., Mercy, Elizabeth, Hannah, Huldah, Mary, Charlotte, and Barbara. Mercy married Charles Wolverton ; Elizabeth, William Wolverton ; Hannah, David Ulp ; Huldah, Samuel I. Houseworth ; Mary, John Wol- verton ; Charlotte, Jesse Eeed ; Barbara, Eichard Wolverton. The six last named removed to Penn- sylvania. Oliver W. lives on the old homestead, and his children, and those of Mercy and his brother's, were brought up at Cokesburg. His wife was Anna Apgar. Jacob Apgar (1) came from Germany, and had nine sons, — Peter, Herbert, Adam, Frederick, Caspar, John, Jacob, Matthias, and Conrad. Jacob came to Cokesburg, and bought land half a mile northwest of the town. He married Charity Pickel, and had twelve children, — Anna, Sophia, Effie, Sallie, Catharine, Frederick, Conrad, Nicholas, Adam, Jacob, Caspar, and Matthias. Most of them lived around Cokes- burg. Sallie and Jacob went West; Anna married Herman Henry ; Sophia, Charles McKagin ; Effie, John Melick ; Sallie, McCloskey Skureman ; Cath- arine, George Cramer; Frederick, Eve Hoffman, in 1790 or 1791. Nicholas had eight children, — Jacob, Peter, Abraham, Elizabeth, Charity, Catharine, Anna, and Martha. Jacob lived on Fox Hill, the rest about Cokesburg. Frederick, who married Eve Hoffman, had eight children, — Jacob (3), Conrad, Anna, Nicholas, Freder- ick, Charity, Sallie, and Mary. Conrad, born 1800, married Mary Apgar ; Anna, 1794, George Hoffman ; Nicholas, 1803, Delilah Apgar; Frederick married the Widow Apgar, once Katy Trimmer ; Sallie, Aaron Alpaugh ; Mary, born 1818 or 1819, Elijah Apgar. Jacob married Margaret Trimmer, and had ten children, — David, who married Charity Alpaugh, and lives at Mountainville ; Elizabeth and Daniel, who died young ; Sarah Ann married John Alpaugh, also of Mountainville ; Catharine, Henry Roberts, tanner, Fox Hill ; Mary, Arthur Seals, and afterwards Alfred Chamberlain, Flemington ; Martha married and went to Illinois; Edward S., Effie Swick, removed to Philadelphia ; Wesley went to Iowa ; Margaret died early. Peter N. Apgar married Isabel Hoffman, and has nine children ; Abraham married Mary Ann Apgar, and had eight children; Elizabeth, Peter Philhower, and had fourteen children, — viz., Mary, married John L. Hoffman ; Abraham, Thisbe Starker, then a second wife, and went to Illinois ; Susan, George Sutton ; Nicholas, went to Illinois; Jessie, married Jacob Hoffman, and removed to High Bridge; Martha Ann, Joseph Apgar, and went to Dunellen; Charity, Morris Eick, and located in Mountainville; Katy, Silas, Hannah, and Harmon. Charity Apgar married Andrew Stout, and had eleven children, — Margaret, Mary Jane, John, George, Charles, William, Frances, Charity Ann, Martha Elizabeth, Hetty, and Amelia. Catharine Apgar married Morris Teats, and had seven children, — Asa, Lucy, Emma, William, Mary Ann, Sarah Elizabeth, and Jacob. Anna Apgar married Oliver W. Farley ; their children are at Cokesburg. Martha Apgar mar- ried William Alpaugh ; children also at Cokesburg. David Apgar's children are about Cokesburg and Mountainville. This was a very numerous family, and the different members of the same name were distinguished by various nicknames, — "Fiddler Bill," "Pony Bill," " Tinker Jake," "Straw Creek Crackle," "Old Cross Butler," etc. Harmon Hoffman came from Germany, and settled where James Stevenson now lives, between Cokes- burg and Mountainville. His children were John, Frederick, Harmon, Dolly, and Mary. John Hoff- man bought 120 acres next to and after Farley's pur- chase at Cokesburg. He married Miss Young, of Fox Hill ; their children were Henry I, Peter I, William I, Frederick I, John, Philip C, Ann, Mary, Margaret, Elizabeth, and Elsie. The middle letter, "I," is not an initial but a distinctive letter, another family being Henry H, Peter H, Frederick H, etc., another being "M," and another still "P," to distin- guish the Henrys, Fredericks, etc. Henry I Hoffman married Margaret Fritz. Their children are John, Jacob, Philip, Henry, Mancius, Frederick, Rachel, Eliza, Margaret, Mary Ann, and Jemima. They are scattered in other parts of the State and the West. Peter I married Ellen Bauman. Their children are Peter W., Thomas B., Noah, Philip, Jane, Eliza- beth A., Lydia, Ellen, and Mary, of whom Peter W. married Emily Cox; Noah, Elizabeth Teats; Jane, Abraham N. Hunt; Lydia, John Felmley; Ellen, George Teats; Mary, Andrew Johnson, — all in the vicinity. Peter I is still living, at the age of ninety- eight, between Cokesburg and Califon. William I married Ellen Hays. His children are Peter, married Anna Eick ; Frederick, married Ann Teeter; John, married Sedosa Brown, and lives in Newark ; Rebecca, married Peter Post, and after- wards D. L. Evert; Lydia, married John Voorhees, of Elizabeth, N. J. ; Frederick I married Betsy Lowe. His family live in High Bridge township. John married Lydia Hays ; their children are John H., married Harriet Cox ; Henry, Catharine Rine- hart; Charles, Mary Flummerfelt; Thomas, Sarah. TEWKSBURY. 473 Cole ; Lettie, John Fleet ; Elizabeth, Peter Eick ; Lydia Ellen, Isaiah Apgar ; Mary Jane, died young. These are in and near the township. Philip C. died single. Ann Hoffman married Henry Hoffman ; she was born 1772 and died 1868, aged ninety -six. Mary married Jacob Urts. Her children are John TJrts, who married Mary Schuyler, and Jane, single. Margaret, still living, maried Benjamin Eobinson. Their children are John, married Miss Johnson ; Jo- seph, Peninnah Jacques ; Philip, Miss Longwood ; William, Sarah Emmons; Elizabeth, Peter (?) Hill; Mary Ann, Peter Ely ; Sarah Ann, died early, Elizabeth married Mr. Lomison, and, at his death, Garrett Conover. Her children were John ; Conrad married Miss Cramer and went West : Nancy, Adam Hope ; Elizabeth, George Eick, and afterwards Jacob Eeed; Margaret, Harmon Hoffman; Ellen, Crouch Bead; Catharine, Harmon Hoffman; Garrett Cono- ver ; and Sarah Conover, who married William Lance. Elsie Hoffman married William Apgar (" Fiddler Bill") ; their children are John, married, first, Han- nah Potter, and, second, Nellie Van Houten ; Jacob, married Katy Apgar ; George, went to Ohio with Ja- cob ; Adam, married Mattie Fleming ; William, Miss Beam ; Peter, Miss Eobinson, afterward a second wife; Elizabeth, William Beam ; Barbara, Peter Schuyler ; Margaret, John Jacques ; Anna, William Trimmer ; Mary, Philip Trimmer; Fannie, Benjamin Eobinson; Philip, died early. . Frederick Hofl&nan, son of the immigrant, married, first, Miss Schuyler, second, Mamie Hotrum, and had nineteen children, — Mary, Peter, Philip, John, by his first wife ; George, Adam, Harmon H., Jacob, Conrad, Annie, Effle, Elsie, Amy, Mary Ann, Charlotte, Hul- dah, and others who died young. Annie married John Bunn ; Effie, Jacob Eeed ; Elsie, first, William Eeed, afterward Matthias Apgar; Charlotte, James Buchanan ; Huldah, Peter Apgar. Adam and Har- mon are still living, Adam near Califon, Harmon near Cokesburg. Harmon Hoffman, son of the immigrant, married Anna Schuyler. He bought 160 acres where Enoch and Philip and George B. Sutton now live, three- quarters of a mile southwest of Farmersville. His children were Henry M., Peter M., Philip, Lizzie, Mary, and Ann. Henry M. married Anne Hoffman ; Peter M. married Charity Philhower ; their children were John, married Anna Eobinson; Mary, George H. Lindabury ; Anna, Samuel G. Hoffman ; Frederick P., Mary Philhower, and afterward Mary A. Canada ; Effie, Thomas Apgar; Margaret; Philip P., Sophia Apgar. Frederick P. is still living a mile northwest of Fairmount. Philip married Mary Philhower and went West. Lizzie married Michael Ehote. Mary married Coon Wean. Ann married Henry Teats. John Alpaugh came from Germany and bought 300 or 400 acres, a mile southward from Cokesburg. His children were John, Peter, George, Eve, Elizabeth, 31 Ann, and Mary. Their families settled in Tewks- bury. Philip Philhower and his wife, Mary, came firom Germany, with his brother George, who went to Vir- ' ginia. They settled where David Philhower now lives. It was about 200 acres then, and has been in the Philhower name ever since. His sons were Chris- topher, John, Peter, Jacob, and William ; daughters, Elizabeth, Charity, Mercy, Catharine Ann. Christopher married Elizabeth Fox. Their children were Christopher, George W., Catharine, Charity, Mary, Elizabeth, and Sallie. Catharine married Asher Morgan; Charity, Adam Philhower; Mary, Adam Apgar ; Elizabeth, a Mr. Young. John married Eachel Sutton, of Fox Hill. His children were Jacob, Philip, John, Peter J., Wil- liam, Eichard, Aaron; half-brothers, Frederick, Isaac; Elizabeth married Andrew Schuyler; Susan, Harmon Hoffman ; Mary, Adam Tiger ; the half-sis- ter, Clarissa, Eobert Cox. Peter married Elizabeth Hotrum. Their childrei» were George, married Sophia Ann Felmley ; David, Elijah, Mary, married Frederick P. Hofiinan; Catha- rine, John Hofiinan ; Amy, Peter F. Hoffman, brother of John ; Charity, Henry M. Hoffman ; Elizabeth, Conrad Lindabury ; Mahala, Jacob Apgar ; Huldah, and others who died young. Elizabeth, Mahala, and David were triplets. Jacob married Miss Cramer or Hart. Their chil- dren were Mary, Philip, Treenie, Elizabeth, Marga- ret, William, and Peter. In 1817, Jacob and his- family went to Ohio. Mary was married to Philip Hoffman, and Treenie to Peter Schuyler; the rest married in Ohio. William married Catharine Apgar. Their children were Adam, married Charity Philhower, old Christo- pher's daughter; Peter, Catharine Trellsie; Ann, Samuel Heldebrant; Philip, first, Miss Merrill, second, Mary Everett ; Edward ; William, Miss Hen- dershott; Mary, Frederick Sargeant; Barbara, a Mr. Sickel ; Elizabeth married Frederick Apgar ; Charity, Peter M. Hoffman ; Mary, Peter Sutton ; Ann, Wil- liam Fleming ; Catharine, died young. The brother, George, who went to Virginia, left only two daugh- ters, so that the name died out in his family. Jacob Tiger came from Germany in the immigra- tion, and bought a large farm a little south of Cokes- burg. His children were George, Nicholas, Jacob, Abraham, Elizabeth and other sisters. George mar- ried Ann Teats ; Nicholas moved to Ohio. Jacob went to Peapack. Elizabeth married Peter Sutton. Abraham's children were Jacob, married Ann Jobs and died aged seventy-two ; Adam, Mary Philhower, and moved to Pennsylvania; George, Maria Lutz; Peter, Ann Johnson; Elizabeth; Effie, Peter P. Shurtz; Ann, Peter Teats. The last moved to Illi- nois. William Welsh came from Germany and settled in Bound Valley, Lebanon township. His sons were 474 HUNTERDON COUNTY", NEW JERSEY. Morris, Jacob, John, and William ; his daughters, married, three. Jacob was the first of the name in Tewksbury. He came in 1797, and settled where David Welsh now lives, a mile northwest of New Germantown. His father gave him the land, willing it to his wife, to revert to his children at his death. He married Cath- arine Crater. His children were William, married Margaret Drake, born 1798 ; Morris, Susanna Felm- ley ; David, Polly Dean ; Jacob, Amanda Gulick ; Isaac, Margaret; David Terriberry; Dorothy, John Craig ; Esther, William Sutton ; Julia Ann, William G. Eick. William Welsh, Jacob's brother, married Margaret Drake. His children were John Vandervoort, who married Keziah L. Fisher, and Mary Ann, who mar- ried Jeremiah H. Field. Tunis Melick came from Germany before or about 1735. He married Miss Van Horn, of Whitehouse, and settled where Peter W. Melick now lives, buying about 200 acres from Ralph Smith and afterwards 400 acres two miles west of New Germantown, still in the Melick name, owned by Peter W., and known as the Tunis Melick property. He had only one son, Peter (married Susan Egbert, of Readington), and several daughters. Ellen married Abraham Vliet; Anna, Isaac Farley ; another daughter, John Vliet; Treenie, Mindurt Farley ; Margaret, Dennis Wyckoff ; and another, Martin Mail. Peter's children were Tunis, Mary, Nicholas Egbert, James, Peter, Abraham, John V., Ellen, Susan, Eliz- abeth. Tunis married Sarah Van Sickle. Their chil- dren were Susan, married Jacob D. Trimmer; Andrew V. S., Rachel McKinstry ; Peter W., Caroline Apgar, and Emma Ray. Mary married Moses Felmley. Nicholas Egbert married Elizabeth Backer. Their children were Peter, married Jane Miller; Christo- pher, Maria Cortelyou ; John W., Elizabeth Apgar ; Susan Ann, William Krager; James, Emeline Ken- nedy ; Edwin, Miss Dunham ; Catharine, Stephen Wortman ; William, Elizabeth Fisher ; Elizabeth, Samuel Sutton. Of the rest of the emigrant's sons, James married Lydia Van Sickle ; Peter, Ruth Leek ; Abraham, Maria Kline ; John V., Maria Able. Their children were Peter, married Margaret Latourette ; William T., Rachel Philhower ; Ernest, Fanny Hoffman ; Susan, John Lane ; Jane, Smith Cole ; Lavinia, Austin Clark ; John V., Margaretta Craig ; Emeline, Jacob Specht. Of the daughters, Ellen married Andrew Van Sickle; Susan, Cornelius Defore; Elizabeth, Charles Williams. Ellen and Susan went to New York State; Elizabeth to Ohio ; Peter to Indiana ; James to Pea- pack, and Abraham to Morris County. The rest set- tled about New Germantown. David Felmley was first of the name in Tewksbury. He came near 100 years ago. He was born about 1756, and married Sophia Sidells. He owned 500 acres, and had thereon still-works and tannery. His children were Moses, married Mary Melick ; John, Hannah Valley ; William, Ruth Apgar ; David, Miss Wyckoff, Miss Line, and Mrs. Ginthro, formerly Miss Stillwill; James Parker, removed West; Margaret, married .John Alpaugh ; Sarah, Jonathan Barkman ; Katy, William Apgar ("Pony Bill"); Sophia Ann, George Philhower. These all left Tewksbury except David, Sarah, and Katy. David lived in the old parsonage. His children were Peter Wyckoff, married Margaret Condit ; Pohl- man, Kate Honeyman ; Emeline, Cornelius Voor- hees ; Margaret, Edward Barry. Moses' children were David, married Sarah Logan ; Susanna, Morris Welsh ; Peter M., Gertrude Smith ; John, Ann Stothoff and Ellen Voorhees ; Anthony, Catharine Van Dyke, Margaret Cortelyou, and Ade- line Park ; twins who died young. Sarah Barkman's children were David, married Ann Crate ; Pohlman, Melinda Rinehart ; William ; Catharine, Andrew Van Fleet ; Elizabeth, William Shurtz. Katy Apgar's family were David, married Katy Alpaugh ; William, Elizabeth Hotrum ; Jacob New- ton, 0. W. Farley's daughter ; Fanny, Cornelius Lance ; Katy, William McOatharine ; Livia Sophia, Charles Fritts. Sophia Ann Philhower's sons live near Irvington, N. J. John Van Fleet came from Holland and settled in Readington. John, his son, lived in Lebanon. John, son of this last, came to Tewksbury about 1800, and married Eleanor Van Syckle. In 1809 he bought the place where Andrew now lives. His children were John, Andrew, Maria, Isaac, Elizabeth, Aaron, Alfred, George, and Abraham. John married Miss Lance; Andrew, Cath.irine Ann Barkman; Maria, Joseph Kennedy. Nearly all went to Illinois. Andrew Van Syckel came from Readington and bought the place where his grandson, Andrew Van Syckle, now lives. Of his children, Capt. James Van Syckle married Catharine Backer, and went to Sussex County ; John M., Christina Cramer, and went to Illi- nois ; Andrew married Sarah Kennedy, Whitehouse ; Sarah, Tunis Melick; Eleanor, John Van Fleet ; Ann, Michael Shurtz, Illinois; Rachel, Samuel Crater, Lebanon ; Lena, John Hunt, Readington. Philip Hiler and Mary Rowe came from Baden in 1752 to New Brunswick. She was but three years old, and was bound out, till she was eighteen, in pay for her passage. After their marriage they came to Tewksbury and bought the farm John Bosenbury now owns. His children were William; Adam married Christina Auble ; Polly, Sylvester Davis ; Lena, John Henry ; Philip,* Margaret Young ; Jacob, Ann Yaa- ger. His house was built 1792. Philip's children were Mary Ann S., married Dennis Potter, and then John Bosenbury; William Young, Sarah Rowe; ' Member of the Assembly of New Jersey. TEWKSBURY. i15 Eliza Nevius, George Moore. Adam was captain of the ship "Kevenge." He was poisoned by a Tory ■woman. He was a brave and active officer and a pure patriot. George (or John) Fisher came from Germany about 1790, and settled in Changewater. His son, Eev. George Fisher, came to Tewksbury in 1797 or 1798, and about 1815 bought 50 acres, a part of the Fox Tract, where Charles McKagins now lives, from James Auble. He married Hannah Hiler. Their chil- dren were Mary, married Rev. Mr. Lee, of Denville; John, Miss Miller ; Elizabeth, Ann Rose, of Newton ; George, Anna Sutton ; Christopher, Margaret Groff ; Henry, Anna Johnson ; Susan, Amos Hoagland ; Mar- garet, Eev. Samuel Hull, of Frenchtown. Frederick Bartles came from Germany to Philadel- phia and married Miss Apt. He was one of the early colonists who settled at New Germantown. He soon engaged in the manufacture of iron at Hacklebarney, and in 1793 went to the head-waters of the Susque- hanna {Steuben Co., N. Y.), where he built the first mills and was the pioneer in the use of " arks" for transportation.* Two of his sons, Andrew and Joseph, lived at New Germantown. Andrew married Cath- arine Plum in 1790, and was for some time a hatter, afterwards a farmer. His children were Charles, Frederick, Henry, Joseph, Sarah, Julia, Ann, Eliza, Phebe. Charles married Eliza Hart, and afterwards Eliza Randall, and resides in Flemington ; Frederick, Elizabeth (?) Williams, and lives in St. Louis ; Henry, Susan Van Pelt, Fox Hill ; Joseph, Phebe Ann Hiler, Kansas ; Eliza, Joseph Cornish, merchant and farmer, Jugtown; Phebe, George B. Stothoff, farmer near Flemington. The others were single. All were born in New Germantown. Joseph was a merchant in New Germantown. He afterwards bought from his brother Andrew the farm on which Jacob K. Bartles now lives, residing there till he died. His children were Jacob K. and a brother who lives at Fleming- ton. Three brothers named Pickel early came irom Ger- many together. One (Baltes) settled at Whitehouse and one at Lebanon. George, grandson to one of these, was the first of the name to reside in Tewks- bury, at Pottersville. His children were Frederick, married Mary Heldebrant ; Isaac, Margaret Gulick, Pottersville ; Alfi-ed, Sarah Crater, Fox Hill ; Samuel, Deborah Bartles, a farmer at Unionville; Matthias, Maria Smith, and went West ; George, Jane Beavers, farmer at Pottersville ; Henry, Mary Evert, Potters- ville; Marritta, John Kowe, Pottersville; Ruth, John Davis, Chester. Eev. Henry Eugene, now in Kansas, is a son of Matthias. Aaron Sutton was one of the first settlers, and kept a store before the Revolution where Joshua A. Farley now lives, south of Pottersville. His family were Mary, married John McKinstry, who owned Van • See pp. 338, 339 for a further account of rrederick Bartlea. Dyke's mill, and a sister, who married Joshua Farley, of Cokesburg. Aaron's brother Richard married Miss Chidester. Their children were Aaron, whose family went else- where, and Samuel, married Ellen Vliet. His chil- dren were Anna, married George Fisher, Fox Hill ; Eleanor, John C. Moore ; William, Esther Welsh, and afterwards Dorothy Welsh. William's children were Catharine Ann, married William H. Vliet; Samuel, Elizabeth Melick ; William, Emma J. Goltra. Jacob Kline came from Germany about 1752, and settled in Keadington. His son Jacob early settled in New Germantown, and bought the farm on which Benjamin Van Doren now lives. He sunk the present tan-yard occupied by Jacob Specht. His children were Jacob, married Lydia Quick; Mary, Richard Field, of Bound Brook, grandfather of Dr. Field ; Fanny, Isaac Lewis ; John, Sally Williams ; Phoebe, Joseph Bartles, of New Germantown ; Catharine, Aaron Dunham, Clinton; Elizabeth, Jacob Miller, Flanders ; Letty, Benjamin Van Doren, New German- town; Rev. David, Lutheran minister, at Spruce Run, Jane Kirkpatrick. Henry Miller came from Germany about 1735, and worked for his passage after his arrival. His wife's name was Catharine, sister of Tunis Melick. Their children were Henry, married Miss Baird, and then Catharine Sharp; David, Elizabeth Welsh; Jacob, Elizabeth Sharp ; Elizabeth, Christian Kline ; Cath- arine, Baltus Stiger. Henry's children were Jacob B. ; Ann, married William Little (pronounced Lytle) ; John P. Sharp, Elizabeth Lambert, and then Eliza- beth Neighbor, daughter of David Neighbor. David's children were Jacob W., lawyer at Morristown, Wil- , liam W., David W., Henry, Eliza, married Rev. John C. Van Dervoort, of Paterson; Dorothy, Thomas G. Talmage ; Mary, Mr. Van Pelt ; Catharine, single ; Lydia Ann, married Moses De Witt, of Paterson. Samuel Potter, the ancestor of the Potter family, came from Wales about 1685 to near Elizabeth. His son Daniel, born 1692, lived at Connecticut Farms. Daniel's son Samuel, born 1727, was a colonel in the Revolution, and lived at the cross-roads, a little west of Summit. Capt. Samuel Potter, who was the third child of Col. Samuel, married Sarah Parsons, and lived on the Lamington River, opposite Pottersville. His children were Col. Jonathan Potter, married Hannah Wolver- ton, of Canada ; Sering ; Elizabeth, married Thomas Mulford; Sarah, Hugh Bartley; Samuel, died aged twenty. Col. Jonathan Potter built the house now occu- pied by Sering's widow, and came over into Tewks- bury township. His children are Sering, married Elizabeth Smith ; Dennis, Mary Ann Hiler, now Mrs. John Bosenbury; Maria, died young; Sarah, mar- ried Col. John McKinstry; Samuel, Jane Rue; Thankful, Benyew Dunham; Jonathan W., Gertrude Craig ; Mary, David Dunham, brother of Benyew. 476 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Bering's children are Joseph, Jonathan, Bering, Edmund, Harvey, Elizabeth, and Sarah. George A. Vesceliua, "the Eed-Cheeked Doctor" (see history of the physicians of Hunterdon County), was the great-grandfather of the Vescelius family at Fairmount. Andrew, his son, had children, — George Andrew, Henry, James, Theodore, Sally (married Henry Carpenter), Helen (married Mr. Price), and a daughter who married Joseph Fisher. These mostly moved to New York State. George Andrew married Gertrude Heldebrant. Their children are John, Helen, Isaac, Andrew, Hi- ram, Oliver, and Aaron. John married Catharine Field. His children are scattered. Oliver carries on the largest tannery in the county, at Fairmount. Aaron married Mary Ann Miller. His daughters are the singers. Andrew Van Derbeek came from Six-Mile Run to Tewksbury in 1800, and bought about 300 acres on the Lamington Eiver, where J. Newton Van Derbeek now lives. He married Altha Barcalow. His chil- dren were Maria, Gertrude, Elizabeth, Jacques, An- drew, Cornelius, John Barcalow, Ann, Elijah, Wil- liam Boyd. Maria married Joseph Craig, uncle to Robert Craig. Their children were Altha, Andrew, went West; Jacques, married Frederica Harrold; Susan; John, married Ann Filbert; Ann, Henry Parker, and afterwards Rev. Dr. John Hoffman, a Lutheran minister ; Amanda, Lewis J. Harrold, of Reading ; Sarah, Charles Remington, of Philadelphia; Syms Henry, Kate Sebring. Cornelius married Elizabeth McDowell. Their children were Jacques, married Mary Ann Smith, and afterwards her twin-sister Susan ; John, Emeline Crater, now Mrs. Otis, of Somerville. After the death of Elizabeth McDowell, Cornelius married Eliza Dun- ham. Their children were Benyew, married Sarah J. Van Arsdale ; William B., Elizabeth Cole ; Andrew, Eliza Green. John Barcalow married Catharine Longstreet. Their children are Elizabeth, married Col. Arthur S. Ten Eyck, of Somerville; Horace A., Mary Duyckinck; J. Newton, Gertrude H. Blauvelt, daughter of Dr. Blauvelt, of Lamington ; Emily L., William S. Potter, 'of Somerville; Anna M., Hon. Alvah A. Clark, M.C. The father of Jacob R. Fisher came from Clinton township to New Germantown about 1824. His chil- dren were Fanny, married Derrick Sutphin ; Jacob R., Dinah Van Doren ; William, Elizabeth Seig. John Fox was one of the very earliest settlers of Tewksbury township. He purchased a tract on Fox Hill, which took its name from him. He built or caused to be built, the first Presbyterian church of Fox Hill, a small one inclosed with shingles for siding. Little is known about him. He lived for a time south of Farmersville, and afterwards above the church, where he died. Adam Reber was one of three brothers who came from Germany about 1731 and settled, one at Clin- ton, one (Adam) at Whitehouse, and one at Easton. One of them became known as Adam Reger, an- other as Creger, and the other as Riker. Adam was the ancestor of the family in Tewksbury town- ship; his descendants are now living in the south part. He removed here before 1776, and bought 200 acres where the widow of Harmon Reger now lives. His children were Frederick, John, Harmon, Mary, Margaret, Kate, and Ellen. Frederick's children were William, Jacob, Adam, John, Isaac, David, and a daughter. John, born 1782, married Sarah Todd. His chil- dren were Adam, Elisha, Henrietta, John, William, Catharine Sarah, Augustin, Job C. Adam married Susan Ann Lambert; Elisha, Margaret Wyckofi"; Henrietta, Isaac Vosseller; John, Ann Sutphin; William, Jane A. Hickson and Mrs. Mary Todd; Catharine Sarah, G. V. Stryker ; Augustin, Margaret Vosseller; Job ,C., Phebe Sutphin. Harmon married Margaret Jobs. She is still living, over ninety, on the homestead. Her child, Catharine Ann, married George Carhart. For the Smith family, see the history of the Smith family in Bedminster ; for the Lindabury family, see their family history in Lebanon township ; for the Honeyman family, see in Bedminster township, Som- erset Co. ; for the Ogden family, see the history of the physicians of Hunterdon County, etc. EARLY LAND TITLES. At the time when West Jersey was divided into hundredths, James Parker, of Perth Amboy, grand- father of Hon. Cortlandt Parker, was one of the pro- prietors, and got a tract of land in Tewksbury, includ- ing that part west of the New Germantown and Fox Hill road, and running north from Cokesburg and New Germantown to and beyond the Morris county line. From him all the early settlers of that part of the township got their titles. His agent for a long time was Andrew Parties, of New Germantown. The Livingstons of New York were, like Parker, proprietors east of the Fox Hill road, and until 1836 rented out their land to residents at a nominal sum. On the south or east side of the " society line," which passes north of Robert Craig's, being north 42° east, James Logan was the proprietor. It was put out in 100-year leases at first, and afterwards sold. This " society line" ran from Lamington Falls to the top of Cushetunk Mountain, and was the bound- ary of a section known as the " Society's Great Tract," which the West Jersey Society had surveyed for them about the year 1711.* Robert Craig, near New Ger- mantown, has a parchment deed in his possession from James Logan to Joseph Smith, bearing date June 1, 1740, bounding on this " society line." There * See Mott's " First Century of Hunterdon Ckjunty," p. 12. TEWKSBURY. 477 were several "proprietors" of West Jersey who held lands through the township. Harvey Potter, of Pot- tersville, has a parchment deed bearing date April 27, 1722, conveying 215 acres, part of 1100 acres which belonged to Thomas Wetherill "by virtue of his several shares or parts of proprieties throughout the province of West Jersey, and was taken up by virtue thereof by a warrant from the council of pro- prietors, and surveyed Oct. 27, 1714." It was sold by Thomas Wetherill to James Beck for " £100, current silver money of West Jersey." Paul A. Heldebrant bought from Peter E. Fisher, of New Germantown, Livingston's agent; so did Joseph Beavers, Christian Fisher, John Fisher, George A. Tiger, and E. W. Iliff. Ten or twelve dollars an acre was about the price paid by them. BAKLT TAVERNS. The first hotel in Tewksbury was at New German- town. It occupied the ground where the residence of Mr. John Specht now stands. A very old building is remembered by the oldest citizens as " the old tav- ern," but it was not the first one occupying this site. It was kept by Dr. Cruzier, David Melick, and Wil- liam Farley within the memory of men. John Far- ley purchased it in 1788 " from the trustees of Zion Church, the sale being a perpetual lease, or what was termed a quit-rent."* The present house was built by Dr. Oliver Barnet in 1800, and was first kept by Daniel Melick. James Honeyman, father of Dr. Honeyman, owned and kept it from 1812 to 1824. Then Peter Fisher kept it over twenty years. After him, Matthias Cramer, one year ; Samuel Clark, from 1846 to 1872; James Large, one year; John E. Clark, seven years; Austin E. Clark, since the spring of 1880. The hotel at Cokesburg was there over sixty years ago. It was first built and kept by John Farley, uncle to O. W. Farley. John Henry followed him ; then Conrad Apgar. Jacob Apgar next kept it twenty years; then O. W. Farley, twenty years; Richard Hoffman, two or three; William Melick, two ; John Baker, six or seven ; John Wickoff, one year; William Wickoff, a few months; Benjamin Wolverton, one year; John Messerole, six months; Asa Alpaugh, the present occupant. The earliest hotel at Mountainville was twenty-two years ago ; Eichard Hoffman opened it, but Daniel Potter had built the house long before. A. C. Snyder kept it a year ; Eichard Hoffman came back to it a year; Noah Hoffman kept it five or six years ; Hiram Eittenhouse, a year; Andrew J. Potter, five years; Jonathan Potter, now (1880) seven years. Jacob S. Apgar built the hotel at Califon in 1860, and was the first hotel-keeper for two years; then James Anderson, one year ; Eichard Hoffman, three years ; Isaac Sheetz, one year ; William Eeid, three years ; George Beavers, three ; Morris Eick, one year ; Charles Bowlby, six years. Where J. V. Welsh now lives Jesse Gray kept a hotel from 1823 to 1830. There has been none there since. A hotel was kept from about 1888 to 1842 or 1843 at the distillery, about a mile from Fairmount, but was then discontinued. PHYSICIANS. Oliver Barnet was the first physician in Tewksbury. He came to New Germantown from Orange in 1765, at the age of twenty-two, and began his professional career. He soon acquired a large practice, purchased from Tunis Melick the property long known as Barnet Hall, — ^now owned by Peter W. Melick,— became the most prominent man in the region, and died in 1809, at the age of sixty-six. Isaac Ogden, his brother-in-law, graduate of the College of New Jersey in 1784 and physician at White House, came to New Germantown about 1800, when his family first appears in Lamington church. At Dr. Barnet's death he took charge of his estate, which he managed for his sister, and relinquished the prac- tice in favor of his nephew, Oliver Wayne Ogden, who had married a Miss Wisner, a niece of Dr. Bar- net, and succeeded to his practice. " Dr. Wayne," as he was called, soon removed to Perth Amboy, but returned to New Germantown and succeeded to the estate of Dr. Barnet by inheritance. His cousin, William Barnet, another nephew of Dr. Oliver, commenced practice at New Germantown. He died in early life. John Honeyman was the successor of Oliver Wayne Ogden. (For personal sketches of him and others see chapter on " Medical Profession of Hunterdon.") Dr. John S. Linaberry, the first physician at Mountainville, is in practice still. FIRST MILLS, Etc. The first mill in the township was built by Ealph Smith, where Peter W. Melick now lives, before 1762. He sold it to Tunis Melick, who in turn sold to Dr. Barnet soon after 1765. The mills on the Eockaway now owned by John Lane were built very early and called Thompson's mills. In 1755 they were called Johnson's mills.f There was a distillery very early on Dr. Dusenbury's grounds in New Germantown, built probably near the same time. Aaron Sutton built a mill at Califon, on the Lebanon side of the river, be- fore 1800. Old John Sutton built the first mill at Fairmount. It was an old mill in 1811. It was re- built by Jacob T. Philhower in 1860. Cokesburg Furnace was built 1754. There was also a Hackle- barney Forge near the Falls of Lamington, now Pot- tersville.t There was a mill on the Lamington, on the property next to that now owned by William Sutton, built by a Mr. Van Dyke, and called Van Dyke's « Col. E. E. Honeyman In " Our Home," p. 117. f " Our Home," pp. 117, 120. t Mott'B History of Hunterdon County, p. 22. 478 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. mill, in the last century. It was torn down sixty or sixty-five years ago, and rebuilt about three hundred yards below as a still-house on the Somerset County side. There were mills at Pottersville very early. The earliest road from New Germantown to Fox Hill was about half a mile east of the present turn- pike, and was probably one of the first in the town- ship. It still exists. The earliest on record is " from Fox Hill to Hugh McCan's mill, and down the river to the fording-plaoe," June 23, 1756. Feb. 15, 1762, a road was relaid from Ralph Smith's mill to the AUamatunk bridge. The first record of the appointment of overseers is in 1757. Nov. 12, 1787, a road was laid from a corner of the field of David Jones, adjoining the Potterstown road, through the woods, and so down the Eockaway to James Par- ker's saw-mill. The road up the Eockaway Creek is probably as old as the township. There was a very old road from Califon to Cokesburg. In 1811 the New Germantown Turnpike Company was chartered and organized. It was a toll-road twelve or fifteen years, and then made over to the township. ORGANIZATION. Tewksbury township was organized in 1755. In 1832 fifteen acres were set off to it from Eeadington. In 1844 the township was set off from Hunterdon to Somerset County. In 1845 it was reannexed to Hun- terdon. FIBST TOWN-MEETING. The following minute is the first found in the town- ship-book : " Tewksbury, March 11, 1755. *' Pursuant to a patent granted for the said township by His Excellency Jonathan Belcher, Esq., our Excellent Governor, the town met at the school-house and made choice of the following persons for town officers for the current year, — viz., Ralph Smith, Town Clerk ; Cornelius Skin- ner and John Smith, Freeholders ; William Bay, Assessor, sworn ; Chris- topher Beakman, Collector, sworn ; John McCarty and John Kose, Sur- veyors of Road; Henry Smith, William Barth, Tunis Eike, William 01- bah. Overseers of the Road; Patrick Brown and Thomas Harris, Over- seers of the Poor ; Jonas Melick, Constable, sworn. "The town voted that they would pay the tax at three places where the collector should advertise to meet them ; that the assessor should be allowed forty shillings for assessing the town ; that the patent should be paid for out of the surplusage of the money raised on the town, if so much shall remain after the tax shall be paid the county collector, which was paid in the year 1756." The following have been the principal town ofiicers : FREEHOLDERS. 1755-56, Cornelius Skinner, John Smith ; 1757, John Smith, Thos. Harris ; 1758, Cornelius Skinner, Patrick Brown , 1759, Patrick Brown, Hugh McCann; 17G0, John Smith, Andrew Smith; 1761, Thomas Harris, Jos. Smith ; 1702, Ralph Smith, Robert Craig ; 1763, Patrick Brown, Kohert Craig; 1764, Patrick Brown, John Melick; 1765, Cornelius Skinner, Thomas Harris ; 1766, Patrick Brown, Peter Perrine ; 1767- 68, John McCarter, Robert Craig; 1769, John McCarter, Benyew Dunham; 1770, John Mehelm, John Adams; 1771, Tunis Melick, Wm- McLean ; 1772, Thomaa Hains, Bonyew Dunham ; 1773, Tunis Melick, Mindurt Farley ; 1774, Benyew Dunham, Godfrey Rinehart ; 1775, Godfrey Rinehart, Fred. Bartles; 1776, Tunis Melick, Abram. Van Dyke ; 1777-78, Godfrey Rinehart, B. Bary ; 1779, Simon Fleet, Tunis Melick ; 1780, Simon Fleet, Anthony Melick ; 1781, Simon Beeves, Thomas Thompson ; 1782, Thomas Thompson. Tunis Me- lick ; 1783, Anthony Melick, Abraham Van Dyke ; 1784-85, Simon Fleet Frederick Bartles; 1786, Thomas Thompson, John Adams; 1787 Thomas Thompson, Frederick Bartles ; 1788, Frederick Bartles, Abraham Van Dyke ; 1789-01, Simon Fleet, Anthony Melick ; 1792- 94 Anthony Melick, Jacob Kline; 1795-97, Jacob Kline, Dennis ■Wikotf; 1798, Abraham Wikoff, John Haase; 1799-1800, Abraham Van Dyke, John Haase; 1801-14, Jacob Kline, John Haase; 1815- 17 Oliver W. Ogden, Jacob Kline ; 1818-19, John Haase, John Mc- Kiustry; 1820-21, Jonathan Potter, Henry Miller; 1822-23, John McKinsti-y, Jonathan Potter ; 1824-26, John Haase, -M. Lane ; 1827- 29, Johu Haase, John McKiustry; 1830-31, Matthew Lane, John Crater ; 1832, Joshua Farley, Jos. Hoffman ; 1833, John McKinstry, Joseph Hoffman ; 1834-35, Peter E. Fisher, Joseph Hoffman; 1836- 38, Nicholas W.vkoff, Frederick Apgar; 1839, Frederick Apgar, Geo. Henry; 1840, Philip Hiler, George Henry; 1841-43, Philip Hiler, Nicholas E. Melick ; 1844-45, Philip Hiler, Nicholas F. Apgar; 1846- 47, 0. W. Farley, John R. Brown ; 1848-49, William P. Alpaugh, James N. Ramsey; 1850-51, John C. Eafferty, Andrew Van Sickle; 1862, John C. Kafferty; 1853, Henry J. Stevens; 1864, John C. Raf- ferty; 1855-56, James N. Ramsey; 1857, 'William Eick; 1858-69, Richard Hoffman ; 1860-62, Sering Potter ; 1863-64, Samuel Clark ; 1865, Sering Potter; 1866-67, David F. Apgar; 1868-69, William P. Alpaugh; 1870-71, William Eick; 1872-73, Joseph 0. Farley ; 1874- 75, John Rinehart, Jr. ; 1876-77, George G. Alpaugh ; 1878, Jacob A. Specht; 1879-80, Joseph 0. Farley. TOWN CLERKS. 1765-62, Ralph Smith; 1763, John Welsh; 1764, Conrad Wilmot; 17G5, John Forrester ; 1766-67, Daniel Castner; 1768-69, Amos Dunham; 1770, Robert Simson ; 1771-1805, Henry Miller ; 1806-17, Jacob Kline ; 1818-22, John W. Kline ; 1823-30, Joseph Bartles; 1831-32, Jacob Ap- gar ; 1833-34, Pliilip Hiler ; 1835-37, B. M. Honeyman ; 1838^0, Jos. Bartles; 1841, Robert M. Honeyman ; 1842^4, Philip Hiler; 18-15-46, Joseph Bartles ; 1847-49, Andrew Van Syckle ; 1850-51, John P. S. Miller; 1852-64, David K. Craig; 18.56-67, John P. S. Miller; 1868- 63, Peter Apgar; 1864-65, Asa S. Snyder; 1866-68, Peter Apgar; 1869-70, Joseph C. Farley ; 1871-73, Austin Eick ; 1874, Henry Comp- ton ; 1876, Austin Eick ; 1876, John S. Skillman ; 1877-79, William Craig ; 1880, Stephen H. Dorland. ASSESSORS. 1755-61, William Bay ; 1762, Thomas Smith ; 1763, John Mehelm; 1764, William Shaler ; 1765-67, John Mehelm ; 1768-69, Frederick Trepau- gle ; 1770-76, Henry Traphagen ; 1777-78, Thomas Thompson ; 1779- 82, Henry Traphagen; 1783, Wm. Adams; 1784-85, Henry Traphagen; 1786, Johu Wikolf; 1787-97, Dennis Wikoff; 1798-1814, John Haase ; 1815-17, Peter Kline ; 1818-26, William Vliet ; 1825-30, Peter Kline; 1831-32, Henry Hoffman; 1833, Philip I. llowe; 1834r-36, Frederick Apgar; 1836-38, Jacob Apgar; 1839-40, David Kline; 1841, Jacob Apgar; 1342-43, Morris P. Eick; 1844, Peter Apgar; 1846, Peter Row; 1846-47, James Todd ; 1848-49, William Sutton ; 1850-61, Con- rad P. C. Apgar; 1852, James Todd; 1883-66, Peter Apgar; 1867, Eichard Hoffman; 1868-60, Henry McCatharien; 1861, Jacob Van- doren ; 1862-64, William J. Iliff ; 1866-68, George G. Alpaugh ; 1869- 70, Nicholas G. Alpaugh ; 1871-73, George N. Alpaugh ; 1874-^75, Wm. J. Moore ; 1876, Frederick Apgar ; 1877-78, H. Eugene Parks ; 1879- 80, Manning L. McCrae. COLLECTORS. 1766, Christopher Beekman ; 1756, Aaron Sutton ; 1757, Hugh McCann ; 1768, John Melick; 1769-60, Eichard Beard; 1761-62, James Cole; 1763, Thomas Cole ; 1764^67, James Cole ; 1768, Thomas Harris; 1769- 70, Robert Craig ; 1771-73, Peter Perrine; 1774-78, Patrick Brown; 1779-80, Benyew Dunham ; 1781, Robert Craig ; 1782, William Aden ; 1783, Robert Craig; 1784-85, John Wikoff; 1786, Abraham Van Dike ; 1787-90, John Haase ; 1791, Thomas Harris ; 1792, Peter Mont- ford ; 1793, Peter Melick ; 1794, Aaron Sutton ; 1796-96, Geo. Moore ; 1797-98, Matthias McKinstry; 1799-1800, Eichard Kroeser; 1801- 13, John Hoffman ; 1814, Andrew Bartles ; 1816, John Hoffman ; 1816- 17, Philip Alpaugh ; 1818-23, Philip Hiler; 1824, Peter Kline; 1825- 26, John Eodenbaugh; 1827, Simon Vliet; 1828-30, George Eick; 1831-34, John Rodeubaugh ; 1836-36, Jesse Gray; 1837-38, Morris P. Eyck ; 1839, Nicholas E. Melick ; 1840, Frederick Apgar ; 1841, Wm. Vliet; 1842-43, Peter Row ; 1844-46, Jacob N. Apgar ; 1846-47, Noah Hoffman; 1848-49, Ephraim Eyck; 1860-51, WiUiam Eick; 1852- 53, Isaac Alpaugh ; 1851-55, Samuel Clark ; 1856, Geo. G. Alpaugh ; 1867-59, Jacob S. Apgar ; 1860-61 , Jacob Welsh ; 1862, Henry Crater ; 1863, Asa S. Snyder; 1804-05, John P. S. Miller; 1866-69, Isaac Al- TEWKSBURY. 4'79- pangh; 1870-73, George N. Alpaugh; 1874, George B. Sutton ; 1876, George P. Sutton ; 1876, Jonathan Potter ; 1877-78, George B. Lina- berry ; 1879-80, Frederick H. Elck. TO'WNSHIP COMMITTEE. 1776, Henry Traphagen, Henry Miller, Patrick Brown, Benyew Dunham, Mlndurt Farley, Frederick Bartles ; 1798, Jonathan Wolverton, Jacob Kline, Simon Vliet, Abraham Van Dike, William Bumond; 1799-1880, John Haaae, Matthias McKlnstiy, Ananias Mulford, John Tanderbilt, Joshua Farley; 1801, John Haase, Matthias McKinstry, Ananias Mulford, Simon Yliet, Joshua Farley ; 1802, John Haase, Peter Melick, Auanias Mulford, Simon Vliet, John McKinstry ; 1803, John Haase, Peter Melick, David Traphagen, Ananias Mulford, George Moore ; 1804-5, John Haase, Peter Melick, David Traphagen, Ananias Mul- ford, Andrew Sutton ; 1806-9, John Haase, Ananias Mulford, Simon Vliet, Peter Melrck, Oliver W. Ogden; 1810, John Haase, Ananias Mulford, Simou Yliet, William Vliet, Jacob Kline ; 1811, John Haase, Ananias Mulford, Simon Vliet, William Vliet, Andrew Bartles ; 1812- 13, Philip Albach, John Haase, Simon Vliet, William Vliet, Andrew Bartles; 1814, Philip Albach, John Haase, Simon Vliet, William Vliet, Henry Van Sickle ; 1815-16, Jonathan Potter, Andrew Bartles, Oliver W. Ogden, John McKinstry, Aaron Longstreet; 1817, John Haase, William Vliet, David Felmley, Henry Miller, Peter Kliue; 1818, John McKinstry, John Haase, David Felmley, Henry Miller, Nicholas Hoffman ; 1819-24, John McKinstry, John Haase, David Felmley, Henry Miller, Andrew Bartles; 1825-26, John McKinstry, John Haase, David Felmley, John C. Salter, Andrew Bartles ; 1827, John McKinstry, Jonathan Potter, William Vliet, John Haase, Nicholas Wickoff ; 1828, John McKinstry, Jesse Gray, George Hoff- man, William Vliet, Nicholas Wickoff; 1829, John Kodenbaugh, John Haase, George Hoffman, William Vliet, Andrew Bartles; 1830, John Kodenbaugh, John Haase, George Hoffman, William Vliet, Jonathan Potter ; 1831, John Ramsey, Andrew Striker, George Hoff- man, William Welsh, John Hoffman ; 1832, John Hoffman, Nicholas Wickoff", Andrew Striker, George Hoffman, William Welsh; 1833, Jesse Gray, Nicholas E. Melick, George A. Vescelius, Peter D. Sover- ine, Bichard Sutton; 1834, David C. Traphagen, William Welsh, Nicholas E. Melick, George A. Vescelius, John Sheetz; 1835, David P. Traphagen, William Welsh, Nicholas B. Melick, John Crater, M. P. Lane ; 1836, Frederick Apgar, John McKinstry, Nicholas E. MeUck, George A. Vescelius, M. P. Lane; 1837, Frederick Apgar, George A. Vescelius, John W. Kline, Capt. Richard Sutton, George Jones ; 1838- 39, William Hoffman, Frederick P. Hoffman, William C. Apgar, Bichard Sutton, John W. Kline ; 1840, William Hoffman, Jacob N. Apgar, John Eamsey, George Henry, Leonard N. Flomerfelt ; 1841, William Hoffman, Jacob N. Apgar, John Bamaey. Frederick Apgar, PhiletusCook; 1842, L. N. Flomerfelt, Frederick Apgar, William Hoffman, J.N. Apgar, John Ramsey; 1843, John Bamsey, M. P. Lane, Richard Sutton, Elijah W. Iliff, William Hoffman ; 1844, John Bamsey, James Todd, Andrew Vansickle, William Vleit, Thomas Apgar ; 1845, Frederick P. Hoffman, James Todd, Andrew Vansickle, Frederick Apgar, Thomas Apgar; 1840, Philip P. Hoffman, Christo- pher B. Vansickle, John McEache'm, Philip Hann, Nicholas E. Melick; 1847, Philip P. Hoffman, John P. S. Miller, Andrew Schuy- ler, Philip Hann, Nicholas E. Melick; 1848, Asa Tiger, John P. S. Miller, Andrew Schuyler, Aaron Alpaugh, Nicholas E. Melick ; 18-19, Asa Tiger, John P. S. Miller, Andrew Schuyler, Isaac Alpaugh, Nicholas E. Melick ; 1850, William Alpaugh, Jacob Welsh, Joseph N. Eamsey, Isaac Alpaugh, Ephraim Eick ; 1851, William Alpaugh, William Welsh, N. B. Melick, Ephraim Eick, Andrew Vansickle; 1852, David F. Apgar, Conrad P. C. Apgar, Andrew Vansickle, N. E. Melick, George G. Alpaugh ; 1853, William Eick, Ephraim Eick, Andrew Vansickle, N. E. Melick, George G. Alpaugh ; 1854, John I. Hoffman, Nicholas B. Melick, Andrew Vansickle, George G. Alpaugh, John Dougherty ; 1855, John I. Hoffman, N. E. Melick, Andrew Vansickle, George G. Alpaugh, John Rioehart, Frederick Apgar; 18SB, John Hoffman, Nicholas E. Melick, Jacob Welsh, Wyckoff Stevens, Frederick Apgar ; 1857, Isaac A Ipaugh, Nicholas E. Melick, Jacob Welsh, Andrew Vansickle, Frederick Apgar ; 1858-59, Samuel Clark, Frederick Apgar, Robert Craig, Andrew Schuyler, Andrew Vansickle; 1800, Samuel Clark, Conrad P. 0. Apgar, Robert Craig, Andrew Vansickle, Andrew Schuyler; 1861, Samuel Clark, Conrad P. C. Apgar, Robert Craig, John B. Vanderbeck, Andrew Vansickle; 1862, Asa S. Snyder, John Hann, William P. Alpaugh, John B. Van- derbeck, Jonathan Potter; 1863, Dennis W. Stevens, Robert Craig, John Neighbor, William P. Alpaugh, Jonathan Potter: 1864-67, Dennis W. Stevens, Robert Craig, James Smith, Adam Ecger, John Neighbor ; 1868, Wesley G. Henry, David Crampton, Robert Craig,- Peter M. Felmley, Nathan T. Apgar ; 1869, Wesley G. Henry, An- drew Vansickle, John Rinehart, Peter M. Felmley, Nathan T. Apgar ;' 1870, Wesley G. Henry, John Rinehart, Peter M. Felmley, John Neighbor. Henry Crampton ; 1871, Matthias Dilley, Henry Cramp- ton, Robert Craig, Peter M. Felmley, Abraham Apgar; 1872-73, Matthias Dilley, Heni7 Crampton, Robert Craig, Peter M. Felmley, Georges. Beavers; 1874-76, Henry C. Hoffman, Frederick H. Eick, Charles W. Hoffman, Asa Alpaugh, Samuel Clark ; 1876-77, Robert Craig, Peter M. Felmley, George E. Salter, Isaac Alpaugh, Nathan T. Apgar; 1878, John P. S. Miller, Peter M. Felmley, Isaac Alpaugh, Nathan T. Apgar, Benjamin Van Doren ; 1879, John P. S. Miller, Philip P. Hoffman, Isaiah Wise; 1880, Philip P. Hoffman, Isaiah Wise, Henry C. Hoffman. The town-meetings were held at New Germantown until 1858, originally in the school-house (probably the academy); in 1859-60, at Mountain ville; 1861- 65, in New Germantown ; 1866-76, at Mountainville ; 1877-79, in New Germantown; 1880, at Mountain- ville. VILLAGES. New Gebmantown was begun about 1700,* and was first called Smithfield, from Ealph Smith, the founder. It was called New Germantown about 1753,1 when the Germans had gained the ascendancy. The first street was called " Smith's lane," — the one running east and west through the village. It was afterwards known as the " Potterstown road," and in the survey of Edward Wilmot, in 1755, was called King Street. In the survey of James Honeyman, in 1818, it was called Church Street. James Cole owned the lot southeast corner of Church and Main Streets, having bought it from Ealph Smith in 1761. Michael Hendershot owned the next lot east; he bought it in 1753. Edward Kreiter owned the next lot, and Andrew Shandler the fourth one, having bought it in 1759. The fifth was owned by Godfrey Kinehart, he having bought it from Jonathan Toms. The sixth contained a one-story stone house, now gone. All these, unless it be the fifth, came afterwards into possession of Zion Church. The first store after Smithfield became New Ger- mantown was kept by Godfrey Rinehart. The town received quite an impetus with the building of the turnpike, soon after 1811, but the financial collapse after the war of 1812-15 prostrated everything and destroyed its prosperity. Land which had cost $100 an acre sold after the war for $12. New streets had been opened, however, and built upon at that time. It had at one time a distillery. It now consists of a mill, a tannery, three carriage-shops, a blacksmith- shop, two harness-shops, three stores, two churches, a school-house, and about fifty dwellings. Its popu- lation is 249, by the census of 1880. There was prob- ably a post-office as early as 1739 or 1740. PoTTEBSViLLE was first called Lamington Falls, and afterwards Potter's Mills. The name was given when the post-office was established there, about 1840. The mills are very ancient. The grist-mill was burned in * Col. E. E. Honeyman in " Our Home," 117. f Dr. Mott's History of Hunterdon County, p. 14. 480 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 1820, and rebuilt. In 1840 it was remodeled, and again rebuilt in 1878. The feed-mill was first a fac- tory, carding wool and weaving blankets. It was turned into its' present use about thirty years ago. The village consists of a store, with a post-ofiBce, flouring-mill, feed-mill, blacksmith-shop, machine- shop and foundry, shoe-shop, and fifteen dwellings. It waa named after its principal citizen, Bering Potter. Califon is a station on the High Bridge Railroad, and, although the mills have been in existence many years, the town is of recent growth. It waa first called California, from Jacob Neighbor's enthusiasm in the milling business about the time the California gold-fever broke out. He bought corncobs and oats chafi" to grind up with his feed, and was making a gold mine of his mills. There are now two stores, a hotel, two grist-mills, two saw-mills, two blacksmith- shops, two wheelwright-shops, two shoe-shops, a har- ness-shop, a distillery, a depot, and thirty-one dwell- ings. Of these a grist-mill, a saw-mill, a harness- shop, a wheelwright-shop, a blacksmith-shop, the depot, and nineteen dwellings are on the High Bridge side of the South Branch. The post-office is only three years old. CoKESBUEG is a very old place, a furnace having been built there in 1754.* The name, it is claimed, came from the church, still earlier. It is said to be composed of the names of the two bishops. Coke and Ajshury, and Cokesbury to have become Cokesburg when the post-office was established there by a mis- spelling of the word by the Postmaster-General. There are a hotel, store, blacksmith-shop, wheel- wright-shop, two churches, and fourteen dwellings. MOUNTAINVILLE has been so called since the school-house was built, forty or forty-five years ago. It has a store, blacksmith-shop, wheelwright-shop, shoe-shop, hotel, school-house, still-house, saw-mill, two flouring-mills, and twenty-three dwellings. Faemersville once had a blacksmith-shop, but now a school-house and eight dwellings are all the town consists of. Faiemopnt has two stores, a blacksmith-shop, shoe- shop, grist-mill, saw-mill, tannery, distillery, school- house, and twenty-three scattered dwellings. There axe two churches a mile or more above. The water- powers on the branch of the Rockaway give it im- portance. The tannery of Oliver Vescelius is the largest in the county. The post-office was established in 18-50. Peter T>. Emmons was postmaster two or three years, and John Vescelius has continued since. SCHOOLS. School District No. 62 centres at Fairmount. The first school held there was in an old log house in the orchard below Fairmount. In 1812 a school-house was first built, and in 1830 a new stone one at a cost of $1.5.3. It was rebuilt in 1870, and cost $1,500. " Mott'a " First Century of Hnnterdon County," p. 22. Frederick P. Hoffman, Jesse Gray, Capt. and Richard Sutton were the first trustees. District No. 68 includes Farmersville and vicinity. A school was originally taught, about the beginning of the century, by a Mr. Rodgers, in a log house, in which he also lived, at a fee of $1 to $1.50 per quarter. A log school-house was built about 1810 near where Adam Hoffman now lives ; John Schuyler taught in it. When the township was struck off into districts a school-house was built at the turn of the road. The present house was built about forty-five years ago, and cost $800. George Hoffman donated the site. District No. 64 embraces Mountain ville and the adjacent region. The first school-house stood near the Rockaway, on a lot leased by Jacob 0. Apgar. It cost $100. Andrew Schuyler, Jacob Philhower, and Daniel Porter took the first action towards a school in Mountainville in 1830 or 1840, and William Grant was the first teacher. He afterwards kept the Yellow Tavern at Bound Brook. The new school-house was built on the present site in 1867 or 1858. Nathan Schuyler, Jacob B. Saunders, and William P. Al- paugh were the building committee. District No. 65, known as Cokesburg, has school property valued at $600, with 158 children of school age, of whom 111 were enrolled in the school register for 1879. The school-house will comfortably seat 90 pupils. CHURCHES. ZION LUTHEBAN CHURCH.f in New Germantown, is one of the oldest in the town- ship. The earliest records go back no farther than 1767, but we learn from a " History of the Lutheran Church in America," by Rev. Dr. Hazelius, that the Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg visited and preached at New Germantown as early as 1745. In 1748 the Rev. John Christopher Ilartwick, founder of Hartwick Seminary, New York, took charge of the congregation, but remained only a short time, when he received a call to New York City. He was followed in 1749 by the Rev. John Albert Wygandt. According to Dr. Hazelius, Mr. Wygandt was suc- ceeded by Mr. Schenk, of whose labors here we have no further information. It seems that from this time to 1760, Father Muhlenberg exercised a sort of " pre- siding eldership" over the infant congregation. The next settled pastor was Rev. Paul Bryzelius, who came in the fall of 1760. A Lutheran house of wor- ship having been erected about this date at " Bed- minster Town" (Pluckamin), Somerset Co., it is prob- able that Mr. Bryzelius served both congregations. In May, 1767, the Rev. Henry M. Muhlenberg, who lived at Philadelphia, was called as rector of "the united churches of Zion and St. Paul." It was under his direction and by his influence that these churches obtained a charter of incorporation from Governor William Franklin, dated June 29, 1767. la the ac- t Condeneed from a Bketch prepared by John C. Honeyman. NATHAN SCHUTLEE. ANDREW SCHUTLEE. Xathan Schuyler was bom in Tewksbury, Hunterdon Co., N. J.. Aug. 10, 1S22, and was a son of Andi-ew and Efiiabetli (Philhower) Schuyler. His great-grandfather, Philip Schuyler, came from Grermany, and settled in German Vallev, N. J., before the Revolationary -wai. He had sons Peter and John, the latter of whom married Elizabeth Sutton and had sous, John, Andrew, and Peter, and three daughters. Andrew, the father of our subject, settled at Mountain ville, X. J., on the Philhower farm, in 1818. He was tlie founder of the first common school at Mountainville, and aided in establishing the fii-st Sunday-school, of which he was superintendent. An Old-Line Whig in politics, he took an active part in local affairs, holding vai-ious township offices, and being highly respected as a citizen. He died in 1S74. The children of Andrew and Elizabeth Soluiy- ler were the following named: Kachel, wife of Peter R. Teats; Jesse, deceased; Elizabeth, wife of Jacob B. Apgar; Richard, a farmer, residing in Tewksbury: Xathan, the subject of this sketch; Dorothea, wife of David Lindabuiy; Susan, wife of John R. Apgar; Aai-on, deceased; Fanny, wife of David Tiger. Xathan Schuyler married Elizabeth Tiger, Oct. 28, 1847, and had children: Elizabeth and Amos (twins); the former married Charles B. Alpaugh, the latter Jemima Hoffman; Rachel Ann, wife of Peter Robinson ; Xoah S., removed West; Fanny and Jacob T. (twins); the former married Peter Philhower, the latter died in infancy; Euphema Jane, single and living at home. His first wife died in February, 1869. June 24, 1S71, he mai-ried his present wife, Sarah H. Mahoney, who was formerly well known as a school-teacher in a number of districts in this section of the country. ^Ir. Scliuvler has devoted his life to farmins. and at present is managing two adjoining farms in Tewksbury, near Mountainville. He is a Re- publican in politics, yet was elected justice of tlie peace by the Democrats in 1873, and now holds the office. He is a member of the ^leth- otlist Episcopal Church, in which he has been a class-leadei" for tweuty-seveu years, and superin- tendent of tlie Sunday-school twenty-two yeai-s; has held the office of steward, and is at present secretary of the board of trustees; and treasurer of the Cokesburg Cemetery Association, of which he was one of the founders. TEWKSBURY. 481 ceptance of the charter by the rector, church-wardens, and vestrymen, the two churches were styled "the United Zion and St. Paul's Churches and Congrega- tions, in the counties of Hunterdon, Somerset, and Morris, of the Province of New Jersey." In the spring of 1768, Eev. Peter Gabriel Muhlen- berg, the eldest son of the rector,— the afterward dis- tinguished Gen. Muhlenberg of the Eevolution,— was called as assistant minister. It was not, however, until February of the next year that he came to settle and live among them. In June, 1770, it was agreed by the vestries that St. Paul's Church, which had had service every third Sunday, should thereafter have it only every fourth Sunday, so that the mem- bers of Zion's Church living in Eoxbury, or " Ger- man Valley," might have preaching every fourth Sunday. The pastorate of Peter Muhlenberg con- tinued about three years, or until the spring of 1772, when, having received a call to a parish in Virginia, he resigned his charge. At a meeting of the congregations in May, 1772, it was "resolved that the rector, still living in Philadel- phia, should send some assistant minister to visit the two churches by turns until he could come himself and live on the glebe or find another in his place." This request seems not to have been complied with, for we find it recorded in April, 1773, that the united cor- porations "resolved that the rector should be desired and requested to substitute one of his sons for his assistant minister, who would live on the glebe, now mended and repaired." The rector agreed to try and do according to their request. The first mention, however, of an assistant minister to succeed Rev. Peter Muhlenberg appears in the church-book under date of May, 1774, when Henry Muhlenberg, Jr., was present at the election of vestrymen. The congrega- tions inquired of him if he could or would officiate any longer. He said that he had received and ac- cepted a call from the corporation in Philadelphia to be minister of the Lutheran Zion and St. Michael's Churches, but that he was willing to remain among them if they would give him a call to succeed the present rector, and would secure him from preaching any other language than the German, and if it could be done by consent of Zion and St. Michael's corpor- ations. The vestrymen agreed to this, and a com- mittee was appointed to visit and obtain the consent of the churches in Philadelphia. At a subsequent meeting the committee reported the failure of their mission. We believe, however, that the junior Muh- lenberg continued occasionally to preach for the peo- ple as a " supply." Thereafter the name of Muhlen- berg disappears from the records of the churches. In 1775, Rev. William Graaf accepted a call. Of his early history no other information is left than that in the inscription on his monument. The war for independence coming on, the churches had a difficult time to sustain themselves, and the newly-elected pastor received but an indifierent sup- port. The fever of emigration, too, had seized upon the community, so that after 1800 we hear but little of St. Paul's Lutheran Church at "Bedminster Town." In 1801 the Lutheran brethren at Spruce Run, having the previous year joined with the German Reformed people in erecting a new house of worship, petitioned for a share in the Sunday service allotted to New Germantown. This was agreed to, and every fourth Sunday falling to Zion's church was given to them. The pastorate of " Father Graaf" continued until his death in 1809, and during the same year a call was extended to the Rev. Ernest Hazelius, a former teacher in the Moravian seminary at Nazareth, Pa., but at this time residing in Philadelphia. Besides preaching to three congregations, from ten to sixteen miles apart, he successfully conducted a classical academy. In 1815 he was elected professor of Chris- tian theology and principal of the classical depart- ment of Hartwick Seminary, New York, and he im- mediately entered upon the work assigned him. After the departure of Mr. Hazelius, the associate churches united in calling Rev. David Hendricks, of Saddle River, N. J. He came among them in 1816, and remained till 1822. Not an item of information is obtainable regarding his work in this charge. His successor was Eev. Henry Newman Pohlman, who remained twenty-one years. In 1828 the Spruce Run Church withdrew from the ecclesiastical union. In the winter of 1839-40 a remarkable revival occurred. Over 200 were hopefully converted, of whom 140 joined the associate churches. In 1843, Rev. James R. Keiser succeeded the Rev. Mr. Pohlman, the lat- ter having accepted a call to a charge at Albany. In 1846 a friendly separation took place between the old mother-church and her now flourishing daughter in German Valley. Mr. Keiser remained nearly seven . years, and then removed to Schoharie village, N. Y. His successor, in 18S0, was Eev. George S. Collins, who was followed in 1853 by Eev. Jacob C. Duy. In 1872, Eev. J. F. Diener accepted a unanimous call, and was succeeded in 1879 by the present incumbent, Eev. J. F. Kreechting. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHDECH OF NEW GERMANTOWN. The disafiection which culminated in the formation of this church occurred in 1782, when a Methodist missionary who came to labor in New Germantown was entertained by Mr. Tunis Melick, one of the church-wardens, and made some converts. Mr. Henry Miller, indignant at his wife's change of views, brought the matter to the rector's notice in a paper which he had prepared, and from which the rector warned the people against him in terms which brought Mr. Tunis Melick to his feet and Maj. Godfrey Einehart, crea- ting a great uproar in the church, and resulting in the disciplining of these vestrymen and their disappear- ance from the church records as officers. 482 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. After that Methodist preachers held services in the houses of sympathizers. Bishop Asbury preached at the residence of Mindurt Farley, and others at various places, till, in 1824, a society was incor- porated and Wesleyan Chapel built, on James Street, where the cemetery now is. Archibald Kennedy, Nicholas E. Melick, John Melick, James Melick, John Fine, Mindurt Farley, George Bunn, Jacob Blain, and Anthony Farley were the trustees of Wes- leyan Chapel, and to them this land was conveyed by Andrew Griffith and James Honeyman.* The church was rebuilt in 1865, when P. W. Melick, W. J. Melick, George G. Alpaugh, Nicholas E. Melick, William Iliff, and Herbert Murphy were trustees. FAIBMODNT PRESBYTEEIAN CHURCH, originally called " Fox Hill Church," is one of the oldest in all the region around. Before 1746 there was a church building there, an old log house, at the foot of the hill, on the farm now owned by Mrs. Katie Sutton. f Michael Schlatter speaks of preach- ing in the Fox Hill church in 1746, which was doubt- less in this house. A new house was erected previous to 1760, on the site of the present one, which was then called Foxen- burg, from John Fox, a large landowner in the neighborhood. It was also called Parkersville, or Parker's village, from' James Parker, another exten- sive proprietor, who gave the site on which the church was built. This church was already standing in 1760. In 1816 the building was torn down, and a new one, of stone, put up in its place, at a cost of 12850. It was smaller than the former, but had galleries on three sides. Jacob Schuyler, Jacob Miller, and George A. Vescelius were the trustees. The next year the church was legally incorporated, and a board of trustees elected, under the corporate name of " The ■ President and Trustees of the Presbyterian Church in Parker's Village or Fox Hill." Henry Miller was president. This building was demolished and the present one erected, also of stone, in 1851, at a cost of $3800. It was larger, but had but one gallery. . The trustees were David Crater, George Salter, and Frederick Ap- gar. It was dedicated July 25, 1852, a bell having been previously placed in the tower, — the first in the neighborhood, except that at Chester. In 1869 the name of the church was changed, by act of the Leg- islature, to the First Presbyterian Church of Fair- mount, la 1870 the church was repaired. It has a parsonage at I'airmount. Ecclesiastically, this church was originally German Reformed, though the services held there previous to 1768 were frequently conducted by Rev. Mr. Graaf, pastor of the Lutheran Church at New Germantown. * Col, E. R. Honeyman in " Our Home," pp. 126, 129. t This is mainly gathered from the sermon of Rev. W. Otis Ruston, 1876. In that year it was united with German Valley, Rock- away, and Alexandria, under the pastorate of Rev. Frederick Dalliker, whose ministry continued from 1768 to 1782, when Rev. Caspar Wack became pastor of the churches of Lebanon, German Valley, and Fox Hill. Preaching had been entirely in German till his time, but he gave an occasional sermon in English, and towards the close of his ministry alter- nated, — English in the morning and German in the afternoon. His ministry continued from 1782 till 1809. Oct. 6, 1813, the church was connected with the Presbytery of New Brunswick. Previous to 1835 it had passed from this Presbytery to that of Raritan. In 1841 it was transferred to that of Newton. In 1861 it was restored to that of Raritan, and after the reunion it became connected with the Presbytery of Morris and Orange. Its pastors since Mr. Wack have been Jacob Castner, 1813-17 ; John C. Van Der- voort, 1819-25; Mancius S. Hutton, 1828-34; James Scott, 1835^3 ; Isaac S. Davison, 1843-47 ; Charles M. Oakley, 1847-50; Charles Wood, 1851-65; Na- thaniel B. Klink, 1855-59; John R. Wilcox, 1861- 73 ; Frank P. Tompkins, 1873-74 ; William 0. Rus- ton, 1875. MBTIIODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF FAIRMOTJNT. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Fairmount or Fox Hill was built in 1837. The trustees were Rev. George Fisher, Silas Walters, John Fisher, Christian Fisher, and George Bunn. Revs. Joseph Chattle and Joseph C. Nelson were the pastors. Previous to that preaching had been in private houses. It had belonged about 1800 to a large circuit, including Trenton, New Brunswick, Fox Hill, Flanders, Bel- videre, Newton, Easton, Freuchtown, etc. ; each place had service only once in six weeks. There was a church organization previous to 1837, and services every two weeks. Among those who preached were Bishop Asbury, Manning Force, Edward Sanders, Ralph Arndt, Benjamin Kelly, and others. When first erected it was called Parkersville Church, but the name was changed to Fairmount when the present house was built, in 1868. The trustees then were Silas Walters, Joseph Beavers, George Fisher, Conrad P. C. Apgar, John V. Welsh. The building committee were Rev. J. B. Howard, George B. Linaberry, and Silas Walters. The present building is a beautiful structure, 45 by 80 feet, with a spire 132 feet high, and a seating capacity of 600. It cost $13,000. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF POTTERSVILLE is in Somerset County, and the parsonage in Hunter- don County. It was begun in 1865. The first meeting towards organizing a church was held Aug. 12, 1866. The corner-stone was laid May 22, 1866, and the building dedicated Dec. 26, 1866. The church is 44 by 62 feet; spire, 122i feet ' high. The cost was TBWKSBUKY. 483. $8264.58; furnishing, $2881, including gifts. The total cost was about $10,000. The building committee were Bering Potter, Sr., Jonathan Potter, Simon W. Vliet, Philip J. Philhower, and Peter Miller. The pastors were Thomas W. Jones, 1867-71 ; Vernon B. Carroll, 1871-73; John Davis, Noyember, 1873- December, 1877 ; William H. Hoffman, Jan. 10, 1878, present pastor. The parsonage was a gift from Sering Potter, about 1872, and was worth $3000. A Presbyterian church is in process of erection at Cokesburg. The corner-stone was laid Oct. 14, 1880. The trustees are George M. Einehart, Stephen Ap- gar, and John Hope. There is an old Methodist Episcopal church at Cokesburg, but it is not in the township. CEMETERIES. The oldest cemetery is the Lutheran, at New Ger- mantown, which is in the churchyard, and is prob- ably as old as the church. The oldest date on its headstones now decipherable is that of Charity Pickel, which reads as follows : " Here lies the Body of Charity, the wfe of Baltes Pickel ''■"' who Departed this life December the 4th, 1761, in the 77th year of her Age. My Glass is Run, My grave yon see ; Prepare for Death And follow me." The new cemetery dates from 1857. There is an old private burying-ground on the es- tate of Dr. Barnet, now in possession of Peter W. Melick, where lie the remains of Dr. Barnet and his wife, her widowed sister, Mrs. Haines, Dr. William Barnet, Dr. Oliver W. Ogden, and his wife and sister. It is a beautiful spot, 26 by 30 feet, inclosed with a wall, now going to ruin, the iron gate being entirely gone. A substantial slab of good marble, lying on the ground, without reference to grave or situation, with several pieces broken off, informs us that it is " In memoi-y of Dk. Olivee Bahnet, Esq., Who departed this life in the 66th year of his age." The Methodist Episcopal cemetery at New Ger- mantown was established in 1824. The old Methodist Episcopal cemetery in Cokesburg is as old as the church. There is a new one now. The Presbyterian cemetery at Fairmount is very old. There was an old cemetery at one time where Veacelius' store now stands, in Fairmount. It was free, and in the memory of the oldest inhabitants was used for negroes and poor people. It is entirely ob- literated. The new cemetery of the Presbyterian Church was made in 1878. Three acres were given by George E. Salter, and two were purchased to add to it. A stone wall incloses it. The Methodist Episcopal cemetery of Fairmount was begun in 1837. George Fisher gave the ground, and the church was built on one corner of it. About 1866 it was enlarged from half an acre to its present size. The grave of Rev. George Fisher is a promi- nent one. His epitaph reads as follows : " Rev. George Fisher, Who departed this life May 14, 1846, Aged 78 years 5 months and 10 days. He obtained remission of sins and united himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church A.D. 1806, and was licensed to preach the gospel A.D. 1810. As a preacher he was eminent for zeal and usefulness, and still more distinguished as a Christian for sanctity of manner and deep and iinafFected piety. With poverty of spirit blest. Rest happy saint in Jesus rest ; A sinner saved, through grace forgiven. Redeemed from earth to reign in heaven." PERSONS AND PLACES OF NOTE. Among the persons of note who have gone out from this township, or lived in it, are Alexander Adams, who formerly resided at New Germantown, but re- moved tt) New York and died at Morristown, being buried at Bernardsville. He prepared an illustrated Bible, which the Harpers published. Rev. Mancius Smede Hutton, pastor of the Fair- mount Presbyterian Church from 1828 to 1834, was called from there to the South Dutch Church of New York City, where he remained as pastor till 1875. Rev. George Enders, of Ohio, a Lutheran minister of prominence, once worked on a farm in Tewksbury township in his early days. Hon. A. A. Clark, of Somerville, a recent member of Congress and promi- nent member of the bar, was brought up there. J. Daggett Hunt, Esq., formerly city solicitor of New York City, was a native of Tewksbury. Stephen B. Ransom, of Jersey City, a lawyer of note, began the practice of law in Tewksbury. James Honeyman, much sought after by the judges and members of the bar in Trenton for his brilliant witticisms and enter- taining good humor, was a hotel-keeper at New Ger- mantown.* His grandson, A. V. D.Honeyman, editor of " Our Home" and The Somerset Gazette, and com- piler of " Laws of New Jersey," was born at New Ger- mantown. Among the remarkable places is Hell Mountain, a ridge near Mountainville noted for wildcats, of which some have been shot there as late as 1870, and for the evil reputation once had of its inhabitants, who were noted for robberies and State's-prison offenses, — a characteristic now happily passed away. House Rock is a remarkable and famous rock on top of this moun- tain. A rather remarkable fact pertaining to the locality is the longevity of many of the people. Peter I. Hoffman is a hale old man of ninety-eight; Joachim Gulick is ninety-six, still vigorous ; George Fisher is eighty-five, and very many are still living at a great age. ; * Col. B. E. Honeyman in " Our Home," p. 128. 484 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. The main pursuit of this township is agriculture, which is carried to a high degree of success. There are mills at Califon, Pottersville, New Germantown, and Mountainville, and tanneries at New German- town and Fairmount. There are distilleries at Cokes- burg, Fairmount, and Califon. The distillery at Fairmount has a history worth re- cording. It was built by John Lutz, and proved his ruin in a few years. He and his wife died poor. His administrators sold it to Israel Lossy, who began with $2000. In a few years it ruined him, and he became so poor that his son had to pay his board. Albert Proctor purchased it for a trifling sum, and began with a capital of $2000. He soon got to the end of his money, and had to sell. Frederick L. Cook, grandson of John Lutz, bought it. He had $3000, but went through it in a few years and died. His estate was insolvent, and his wife sold the distillery to Henry Fleming, who is now carrying it on with spirit. There was another distillery a quarter of a mile east of it which was carried on for ten or twenty years, till 1849. It was conducted by John C. Moore, but was owned by Henry Miller. There is a mine of iron ore on O. W. Farley's place, near Cokesburg. It was opened by the English before the Revolution, but the industry stopped by that war. It was reopened by 0. W. Farley, nine or ten years ago, and driven about a year. From 500 to 600 tons of ore were taken out in one year and sent to Penn- sylvania. There are mines of iron near Califon, on Philip Hann's place ; 200 or 300 tons have been taken out by a Pennsylvania company who have leased the right and are now opening and exploring it. In Nathan Schuyler's farm, and on Peter Bunnell's and Philip P. Hoffman's also, there is an excellent quality of ore. There is also a mine of iron near Fairmount, on Henry Fisher's land. Dr. Mills, of Dover, bought it and took out some. It is yet undeveloped. Christian Fisher opened a mine of black lead near Fairmount, but has not yet fully developed it. There is a quarry of pudding-stone marble near New Ger- mantown, but it is used for burning into lime. MILITARY. Some of the early inhabitants of this township served in the Revolution, among them Christopher Philhower, son of the first settler of that name. John Mehelm, one of the members of the Provincial Con- gress of New Jersey, and a member of the Committee of Safety, was a prominent patriot of the Revolution. See sketch in chapter upon " Prominent Men of Som- erset County." In the early part of the war of 1861, Tewksbury township raised Co. A, Thirty-first Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, at New Germantown, of which R. R. Honeyman was captain ; he afterwards became major, then lieutenant-colonel, and ultimately colonel. At a special town-meeting held at New German- town Aug. 3, 1864, it was ordered that $300 should be paid to every drafted man or every man who should put in a substitute in the three years' draft, and $200 to those for one year's service. It was first arranged to raise this money by a $25 tax on every man liable to the draft, but was afterwards ordered, in a meeting held in New Germantown, Sept. 2, 1864, to be refunded and the whole to be raised by tax. Under the proclamation calling for 300,000 men, a special town-meeting was held, also at New Ger- mantown, Jan. 2, 1865, and resolutions passed giving to every man who should enlist or put in a substitute the sum of $500. At a special town-meeting, May 26, 1864, held at New Germantown, by order of the committee, it was ordered that twenty-three drafted men should be paid $300 each, and that all future drafted men should be paid the same as soon as mustered into the service. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ROBERT CRAIG. Moses Craig, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, emigrated from the North of Ireland and settled in Bedminster, Somerset Co., with the Presbyterian colony which formed the original church at Lamington, about 1780. The place of his settle- ment was on the farm now owned by Simon Hageman. The records of the Lamington congregation show that he was a pew-holder in 1754. He bought the homestead farm in Tewksbury of Jacob Yan Derveer, as per deed bearing date May 2, 1757, and, for love and affection for his son Robert, conveyed the same to him by deed bearing date Dec. 11, 1759. He died July 31, 1777, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. Robert Craig, the grandfather, was born Nov. 15, 1734, and married his first wife, Anna, Feb. 7, 1756. She was born Dec. 3, 1731, and died Feb. 24, 1777, leaving several children. He married his second wife, Elizabeth Taylor, of Monmouth County, by whom he had five children, four sons and one daughter. She died Aug. 6, 1830. One of the sons, William, born in March, 1785, was the father of the subject of this notice, and was thirteen years and seven months old when his father died, Oct. 6, 1797. He and his brother Joseph bought out the other heirs when they became of age, and, in 1822, WiUiam bought Joseph's interest, and transmitted the estate by will to his son Robert, the present occupant, he paying his sisters a legacy. Thus the estate has been in the family over one hundred and twenty-three years. William Craig, the father, was singular in respect to his eyes and hair, being very near-sighted, and his hair being white and very stiff His complexion or skin had the same white appearance. He was of O TEWKSBUKY. 485 medium stature, quick, stirring, and enterprising, a skillful and shrewd manager, and successful in his undertakings. He was particularly averse to being put forward in any conspicuous position, and never could be persuaded to accept an office in his township. He devoted his energies to business, and accumulated considerable property for the chance he had and the times in which he lived. He was modest in his pro- fession, and his religion consisted more of sober, earnest conviction than of emotion or sentiment. Eobert Craig was born March 10, 1815, on the homestead farm, where he has always lived and pur- sued the occupation of an agriculturist. He is a Democrat in politics, and has held several local town- ship offices, having been a member of the committee, and treasurer during the war, when much money had to be handled in paying for volunteers. In all this he acquitted himself with credit and satisfaction to his fellow-citizens. He has served on the township com- mittee most of the time for the last twenty years. He married, Jan. 9, 1840, Elizabeth, daughter of Richard H. Field, of Lamington, N. J. They have had nine children, — four sons and five daughters, — to vpit : William, married Mary W. Dawes, and resides on part of the homestead; Richard F., married Alice L. Welch, daughter of David Welch, deceased ; Sarah E., wife of Henry M. Kline, of Clinton, N. J. ; Ger- trude P., wife of David Denham, of High Bridge township, near Clinton; Henry F., married Mary Wyckoflf, formerly of Lamington, now of Kansas; Mary L., wife of William Dunham, of Pottersville, N. J. ; the others, Margaret V., Anna B., and Robert, are single and reside at home. SAMUEL W. SALTER. His grandfather, John Salter, came from West- chester County, N. Y., and settled in Pequanock town- ship, Morris Co., N. J. The deed for the place bears date July 13, 1764. It was given by David Eansford to " John Salter, Sr., of Westchester County, N. Y." He had probably removed there from Connecticut previously. He was a Friend or Quaker in his re- ligious affiliations; married Sarah Charlotte Weis- senfelt, and had one son and four daughters, — viz., John C, Susan, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Sarah. Elizabeth married a Cook, and Charlotte an EUery, of New York. John Salter, Sr., died about 1806. John C. Salter, father of our subject, was bom Jan. 2, 1779, and died April 25, 1847. He married Beulah Wills, of Mendham, Morris Co., Aug. 7, 1800. She was born March 26, 1778, and died !lS[ov. 3, 1835. John C. Salter removed from Morris County to Tewksbury in 1808, and settled on the present home- stead, which was given by Samuel Wills to his daugh- ter Beulah, and purchased of Elijah Dunham, the deed bearing date Nov. 11, 1778. This estate has been in the family ever since. The children of John C. and Beulah Salter were Nancy, born May 31, 1801, married Lewis Young, of Clarksville, N. J., Feb. 26, 1834; Samuel W., born Sept. 14, 1802, married, first, Sophia Z. Sayre, of Madison, Morris Co., June 16, 1836. She died June 26, 1845. He married for his second wife Hannah M., sister of his first wife, July 28, 1846. She died Oct. 28, 1868. He died Nov. 26, 1872, in the seventy- first year of his age. The children of Samuel W. Salter were George E., — the successor of his father on the homestead farm,— born June 19, 1837 ; Beulah W., born March 22, 1839, died Nov. 22, 1853; and Martha M, born Aug. 24, 1842, died March 20, 1843. Samuel W. Salter was a merchant in early life, and kept store at Fairmount, Hunterdon Co., the place of his residence. He was a prominent man in his neigh- borhood and active in every good work, both in be- half of the church and other public interests ; was for many years a justice of the peace, and was a commis- sioned officer in the militia. He was highly esteemed for his uprightness of character, his genial and kindly disposition, and his exemplary life. He had a rich vein of wit and humor, and many racy and amusing anecdotes told by him are still remembered and re- lated by the old people. His faculty for amusing children was great, and he was the life and soul of every social gathering. He was a member of the Fairmount Presbyterian Church for many years, and in 1851, when the new church edifice was built, he raised and collected the subscription, amounting to about three thousand dol- lars. His son, George E. Salter, is his successor on the homestead, and, in addition to his farming, carries on a store, in partnership with his father-in-law, at Unionville, Morris Co. He has recently given a lot of three acres of land to the Fairmount Presbyterian Church for a cemetery, and takes an interest in having it properly improved during his lifetime. He was married, first, Oct. 11, 1864, to Alletta M., of Liberty Corner, Somerset Co., N. J. She died May 11, 1866, leaving no issue. He married, second, Maggie A. Pitney, of Chester, Morris Co., Jan. 20, 1869. The children by this marriage have been as follows : Liz- zie S., born Feb. 24, 1871, died April 26, 1872 ; Louis- P., born April 12, 1874; Annetta W., born Jan. 6, 1880. It is a remarkable peculiarity of the Salter family that, back as far as the generations can be traced, there has been but one son in each family, and each has been a justice of the peace, with the exception of the present George E. Salter, who declined the office. BEADINQTOISr. SITUATION, AREA, BOUNDAEIES. This township, one of the largest and most im- portant in the county, has an area of nearly 45 square miles, and contains 28,602 acres. Its situation is upon the eastern side of the county. It is of very irregular shape, and has but few straight lines in its boundaries. Branchburg township, in Somerset County, bounds it on the east, and Bedminster, in the same county, upon the northeast; on the north Tewksbury joins with saw-like outlines; westward lies the more re- cent-formed township of Clinton; while upon the south and southwest Karitan township is separated from it by the South Branch. LEADING PHYSICAL FEATURES. The stream rising on the east side of the Cushetunk Mountains, and flowing south of east across this town- ship, is generally called (and so named on the maps) Holland's Brook, as if after a man named Holland. In the ancient documents it is universally given as "Hollands," or "Hollants," meaning Hollandish, the significance of which is apparent, Hollanders having been the first settlers in this section. Possibly, also, there may be in it some allusion to the primary meaning of the words, — viz., " muddy" or " marshy land." Campbell's Brook (now Pleasant Run) was un- doubtedly so named after John Campbell, the pro- prietor of the lands at its mouth, which he purchased in 1685.* Chamber's (sometimes called Smith's) Brook and Eockaway Creek are in the north part of the township. The latter empties into the Laming- ton Eiver, which was formerly known as the " Ala- matong," or Alamatunk, and forms a part of the north line of the township. Other streams are Leslie's Brook, so called from being the south line of William Leslie's land, and Van Fleet's Brook, which empties into the South Branch below Three Bridges. The mountain elevations of Eeadington are only the detached spurs of the Cushetunk Mountains, — namely, Round, and Pickel's Mountain. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Eeadington was divided into four proprietory rights, Joseph Kirkbride taking the southeast part, Col. Daniel Coxe, of Philadelphia, the southwest (he having purchased it of Thomas Williams in London in 1705), Budd & Logan the northwest, and * Historical Notes of Judge Thompson. 486 George Willocks, of Perth Amboy, the northeast. In 1712, Coxe had his lands surveyed, and in 1720 the survey was recorded in Burlington. Kirkbride sold, in 1712, 500 acres to Emanuel Van Etta, adjoin- ing the Somerset county line and extending from the Centreville school-house to Jacob Todd's present resi- dence, having previously sold 2000 acres lying west of the Van Etta purchase to Daniel Seabring and Jerome Van Est. On this tract, near Campbell's Brook, was an Indian village in the early day. When the Indians sold their rights to these lands, they still held as their reservation the farms now owned by Backus Hoagland and John S. Craig. Abr. StuU owned the farms now belonging to Peter D. Schomp and H. Hageman; the latter afterwards sold to Isaac Aray, a descendant of " Aray Van Geena," a negro from Guinea. Hollanders, either direct from the mother-country or descendants of those who had settled on Long Is- land, were the first to locate in the early part of the eighteenth century. Some of these families are still represented in this vicinity. The first actual settlers of the township, so far as known, were Adrian Lane and Emanuel Van Etta, the former at Eeadington village, and the latter southwest of Centreville, on the farm where George D. Schomp now resides. Lane settled about 1700, and Van Etta a few years later. The Lowes settled soon after in the southeastern part of the township. Other settlers from 1710 to 1720 were Stull, Lott, Biggs, Schomps, Smith, Van Horn, WyckofF, Cole, Klein, Jennings, Stevens, Johnson, Hoagland, Fisher, Probasco, Schenck, and Voorhees, several of whom came from Long Island. The Wyckoflfs, Van Horns, Covenhovens, Eoelif- sons, Johnsons, Traphagens, Van Dorens, and Ten Eycks settled in that part of Eeadington known as White House ; at Pleasant Eun the Devores, Schomps, Biggs, and Coles located. The three last-named fam- ilies came from Long Island in 1712. Between Cen- treville and Three Bridges, Adrian Aten was one of the first settlers, about 1725. Frederick Van Fleet came from Esopus, N. Y., in 1725, and bought lands of Van Etta, his homestead being the residence of the late 0. W. Van Fleet. He soon after became owner of a large tract at what later was known as Van Fleet's Corner. His son, Thomas, the great-grandfather of the present vice- chancellor, became the owner of a valuable tract of two hundred acres, a part of which is now owned by his great-grandson, John J. Van Fleet. John's father, READINGTON. 487 John T. Van Fleet, known as "Old Collector," was born and died on the same property at the age of ninety-three. His son-in-law, Peter Schomp, is now the owner of the homestead, south of the residence of John J. Van Fleet, between Centreville and Three Bridges. Col. Abraham Van Fleet, father of the vice- chancellor, is remembered by many as one of the brightest young men of Eeadington. He died at the early age of thirty-five. Of the Devore family no representative is now found in the township. David Schomp (whose father and grandfather bore the same given name) now owns and lives on the old Schomp homestead. A part of the old house is still standing. The " old colonel," remembered by some yet living, was a captain in the secret service of Washington, and before his death received a pension from the government. He carried dispatches from Washington, at Valley Forge, to his officers at Ticon- deroga, etc.* Mr. Biggs, with his wife and one child, located be- fore 1720 at the point since known as Pleasant Run Hotel. His pioneer log hut was superseded in 1745 by a commodious (and for those days stately) man- sion, torn down about 1850. " Blind George," son of George Biggs, was remarkable for his acuteness of hearing. He could travel for miles on any road he had ever been over, without getting lost, and tell just where he was at any point along the route. Esq. Thompson tells of some instances, of which he was personally cognizant, fully corroborating this, as on one occasion he was a pilot after dark for a party whose eyes were equal to any. Tunis Cole came from Bergen County to Somerset about 1700. After residing there several years he moved westward; in order to procure more land for his several sons. In 1727, Tunis purchased 400 acres of the Coxe tract, upon which he resided until his death, in 1760. He left four sons, — Benjamin, David, Ezekiel, and Isaiah. The lands passed to Benjamin, and after his death to his brother Isaiah, whose executors sold, in 1767, the lands north of the brook to George Biggs, the father of " Blind George." A part of it is now owned by Abraham Smith, on which is the " old stone house," just east of the Flem- ington road. The farm of Isaiah Cole, south of Campbell's Brook, was divided between his two sons, Soyce and Abraham ; the former sold his share, and removed to Peapack. David Cole, Sr., son of Tunis, died 1798, having shortly previous executed his will and ap- pointed Eev. Peter Studdiford and Peter Schomp his executors, devising two-thirds of his real estate to his son David, and the remainder to his daughter Mar- garet. David, known as " captain of the Grenadiers" (a company which did efiective service in the Eevo- * Hia nephew, Mjg. Henry G. Schomp, was among the volunteers to put down the Whisky Inaurrection. Hia grandaon (son of Kobert) was a soldier in the Rebellion from Illinois, and fell at Fort Donelson. lution and kept up its organization for some years after), sold the old homestead to his Uncle Ezekiel in 1800 and removed to the " lake country," where he died at an advanced age. David, the third, died some fifteen years or so since, leaving five sons and several daughters. Ezekiel Cole, one of the four sons of Tunis the elder, was without doubt the most prominent man in the township in his time. He was justice of the peace and judge of the courts during the Revolution. Some of his dockets are now in the possession of Hon. Jo- seph Thompson. His wife was Lena Shipman. He was buried in the graveyard of the Readington church.f The Coles married into the families of Voorhees, Higgins, Hofiman, Lowe, Wyckoff, Schomp, Van Sickle, etc. Michael Cole was an early resident and large land- owner, but no relation to the Tunis Cole family. He settled on the east side of Round Mountain, where now is the farm of John B. Sharp. He died Oct. 19, 1827, aged ninety-eight. Evart Bergen purchased, in 1737, a tract of over 300 acres in the north part of the township. He was a descendant of the famous Bergen family of Long Island. John Bergen inherited his father's farm, near White House, and died June 26, 1828. His son, Evart, who took the farm at his death, was born in 1771, and married Ann Van Deursen. Their children were William, died in 1861 ; Ann, married John, son of Rev. Abram Messier ; James ; Maria, widow of James Park; Aletta, wife of James E. Bergen, of Ricefield; Staats, at New Germantown ; George, unmarried ; and Jane, died in 1826. J John Henry Schmidt, the founder of the family, came to America from Holland in 1743, landed at New York, and without delay settled at Stanton, Hunter- don County. Here he remained until his death, in 1776. He was a farmer by occupation. A year or so after he settled in Jersey he married Christina Hassel, a German girl living in the vicinity. The pair had seventeen children, — nine sons and eight daughters, — named respectively Christopher, Martin, John, An- drew, Joseph, Isaac, Peter, Jacob, Zachariah, Charity, Laney, Catharine, Elizabeth, Mary, Rebecca, Sarah, and Christina. All married and had families of chil- dren ranging from three to thirteen. In the time of the Revolution Caspar Berger kept the hotel at Readington village. He became a large landholder on the north side of Holland's Brook, and also owner of the mill now owned by Wm. Fitch. He had four sons — John, Jasper, Aaron, and Peter — and three or more daughters. John at an early day moved to Seneca Co., N. Y. ; Jasper died, leaving two sons and six daughters ; Peter moved with his fam- ily to Ohio, and died there ; Aaron, who lived and died f Tunis, the last survivor of Esq. Cole's family, died in 1863, aged over fourscore yeara. t " Traditiona of our Anceatora," 1870. 488 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. on a part of the homestead farm adjoining the Eead- ington church, left one son, John S., and one daugh- ter. Jasper's daughters are all living in Readington township or vicinity. The only child of John S., a daughter named Ann, became the wife of Dr. Thomas Johnson, residing at Readington. Caspar's daughters married into the Ten Eyck, Lane, and Van Fleet families. Balthazar Pickel* purchased land of the Budd & Logan tract prior to 1729, the exact date not being known. It lay jiext to that of Paulus De Witt, at the foot of Cushetunk (Pickel's) Mountain. He was a native of Hamburg, Germany, and is said to have been a brother of Frederick, who settled on Fox Hill, and Conrad, who located near Everittstown. " Bal- thus" located first on the Ridge, on the place now occupied by Jacob Hyler, but soon sold this, and pur- chased 1000 acres to the westward of his former loca- tion. There his descendants for five or six generations have lived. He was buried in the Zion Churchf grave- yard. New Grermantown. Near by lies the body of Charity, his wife, who died in 1761. Two of the sons of the late Baltus A. Pickel, who died Oct. 10, 1871, in the eighty-eighth year of his age, reside on a part of the original pur- chase of their ancestor, in Readington ; a grandson occupies a part of the old Van Horn estate, with the old stone house located thereon. A sugar-bowl of solid silver, marked " B. -|- P., 1771," was presented to Mrs. Adrian H. Pickel by the late Baltus A. Pickel just before his death, when this interesting relic was precisely one hundred j'ears old. An earthen fruit-dish of curious workmanship, bearing date of June 1, 1806, and said to have been made at a pottery which used to exist on the premises, is care- fully preserved as a memento of the past; also an old-fashioned oaken arm-chair, in good state of pres- ervation.t Adrian Ten Eyck emigrated to Readington irom Somerset County, where his family were among the first. Among his descendants are Cornelius, of Me- chanicsville, and Mrs. Theodore Polhemus, near White House. An early settler at Potterstown was a colored man named Aray Van Genee, who acquired considerable property. A deed now in possession of Joseph Thompson, of Readington, is for one acre of land which Aray sold to William Mackinney, both of Reading ; the instrument is dated Jan. 22, 1740. Aray owned also the Wyckofif farm at Potterstown, and sold it to Sharpenstein, later abbreviated into Sharp. The first representatives oT the Van Horns in Read- ington township were Abraham, Sr., and Capt. Cor- nelius,? supposed to have been brothers. Cornelius, * Spelled Tariously Baltus, Balthus, Baltes, all abbreviatione of Bal- thazar. f Balthazar Pickel left $5000 by his will to Zion Church, also a silver cup and plate. J Eev. William Bailey. g Died Feb. 12, 1744, aged forty-nine. son of Capt. Cornelius, made his will June 3, 1783, in which instrument four sons (and five daughters) are named, — Abraham, Simon, Cornelius, and Wil- liam ; the last named inherited the homestead. || The testator states in the will that he bought of his father. William married his cousin Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Abraham Van Horn and sister of Cornelius W. Van Horn.1[ One of the daughters of William and Elizabeth Van Horn became the first wife of John G. Van Houten. Descendants of the family, of the fifth generation, now occupy the homestead, and more than a century and a half has elapsed since the first of that honored name came hither from Mon- mouth Co., N. J.** Abraham Van Horn was one of the first members, and always a prominent one, of the Reformed Dutch Church of Readington, and later of White House; in his barn 'for fifteen years the congregation wor- shiped, and in his orchard they built their first meet- ing-house. This same barn, it is said, was used by Mr. Van Horn during the Revolution as a place for storage of the provisions which he, as forage-master, collected for Washington's army encamped at Morris- town, and in it, too, were some of the Hessian priso- ners lodged and fed while en route from Trenton to Easton. Abraham Van Doren (or Van Dorn), a descendant of the Holland emigrant. Jacobus, came to Reading- ton from near Middlebush at an early date, and lived and died at White House. He had four wives, whose names were Charity Bennett, Elizabeth Bowman, Catharine Nevius, and Rachel Babcock. Like his father, he had seventeen children. So late as August, 1873, two of them were yet living, — Joseph Van Doren, aged eighty-one, living with his son Jacob near White House, and Mrs. Gano, of Newark. His aunt Alche (born Nov. 18, 1735, died Dec. 13, 1828), married Simon Wyckoff, of Middlebush, whose sons subsequently settled in Readington township, and have become a numerous family. (See history of Branchburg township, in this work, for a further ac- count of this family, once residents of Dobie's planta- tion.) Many of the families of the original settlers have become extinct in the township : thus the names of Van Etta, Lott, Deyare, De Lamater, Purcell, and Munfort are no longer found in Readington. The following family histories,- embracing sketches- of the Posts, Andersons, Wyckoffs, Atens, Bodines, Moreheads, Thompsons, and Smocks, are kindly con- tributed to this work by the Rev. John B. Thompson,, of Catskill, N. Y. THE POST rAMILT. Abraham Post, son of Johannes.ft was born Oct. U, 1T40, and married , Catharine Demott, Nov. 14, 17Y6. Their children were John (1st), born 1 Now owned and occupied by the son of Abraham Pickel. IT Died in 1862, at the advanced age of ninety-one. ** William Bailey. ft Johannes Post was baptized at Earitan, Oct. 29, 1707. His wife was . Altje Blaum, born June 14, 1714. In her old age her home was with her. READINOTON. 489 Sept. 26, 1767, died Sept. 2, 1769-; John (2d), born Nov. 9, 1769, died Feb. 21, 1772 ; a daughter (name unknown), born Feb. 6, 1772, died Feb. 25, 1774 ; Abraham, bom Aug. 27, 1774, married Mary Tuttle, and had one child, Itf aria ; John (3d), married Catharine Kinney, and had two children, both dying in infancy; Henry, born Dec. 7, 1782; Peter (1st), born Feb. 5, 1787, died March 15, 1788 ; Peter {2d), known as " Peter A.," or " Pieter- om," born Sept 12, 1792, died 1877, leaving no children. After the death of his wife, Abraham Post secured as housekeeper the handsome widow of Simon Kinney, whom he subsequently married. She lived to be a feeble old woman, cared for by her husband's grand- children and great-grandchildreu, retaining her peculiarities to the last. Abraham Post was a strong, active, impetuous man, possessed of a keen sense of justice, and was also an ardent patriot. He was only a lieuten- ant in the militia, when, returning from Baritan Landing, where he had sold a load of corn, he met, near Somei'ville, six or eight men in separate squads of two or more. Inquiring their destination, he wels informed that they were "going to camp." The answer was ambiguous, as the camp of the patriots was at Plainfield, and that of the British at New Brunswick ; but, being alone, he did not think it prudent to inquire fur- ther. It was after dEU"k when be reached " Crook's Farm" (known lat^ terly as " the McBride Place"), and by this time he had determined what to do. He quietly stabled his horses in Crook's barn, and went to the house and told him the fact, requesting that they should be cared for till his return. He then borrowed a rifle and ammunition and started in pur- suit of the men, recruiting as he went. He overtook them as they were camping for the night in the clump of oaks which then stood just above the village of Somerville. They were without arms, and most of them at once acceded to his demand to surrender. Others betook themselves to trees and hid among the branches. He first secured those who had surrendered, and then directed each of his armed recruits to "pick his man" in the tree-tops. Wlien this was done he again demanded that they should surrender, and by this time they were all quite willing to comply. He marched them to White House to deliver them to the authorities for trial, but there were not officers enough there to hold a court-martial, and he was ordered to conduct them to Trenton. Here he was relieved of his charge, but was detained until his prisoners were tried and sentenced to he confined in the log jail at AUentown, Pa., and he had command of the squad which conducted them thither. It was not long after this that he became a private in Capt. Coonrad Ten Eyck's company. Second Battalion, in which he fought at the battle of Monmouth. He was afterwards a lieutenant in the Continental army. He possessed the farm now owned by Peter I. Voorhees and the *' Hoag- land lot," now owned by Jacob G. Schomp, as well as the 200 acres " lying between Leslie's Brook and John Yan Ne&t's line," which he bought of the executors of Dr. William Leslie,* now owned by Joseph Thompson, Aaron Hof&nan, and Ebenezer K. Smock. His land was tilled largely by slave-labor. He lived to be nearly ninety-six years old, as is stated upon his tombstone in the Eeadington churchyard, Henry A. Post's descendants alone perpetuate the family of his father. He occupied the northern half of the Leslie farm, now owned by Aarou Hoffman, and lived in the house, still standing, built for him by his fe-ther, in which his children were born. From his father he inherited the patriotism, and from his mother the piety, which made him esteemed and beloved by all who knew him. He died before his father, and his descendants are scattered abroad. Henry A. Post, born Dec. 7, 1782, died April 17, 1830, married, fii-st, Jan. 13, 1803, Elizabeth (daughter of Simon Wyckoff and Jemima Ander- son), who was born Oct. 1, 1775, and died AprU 17, 1808; second, April 23, 1809, Martha Anderson, He had eight children, — viz., John Demott Post, bom June 11, 1807, married, first, Jane Tan Cleef, of Millstone, and second, Catharine Maria Eisler, of Flemington, by each of whom he had three children, none of whom live in this county at this time; Abraham, bom Feb. 11, 1810, married, first, March 12, 1834, Amy Eliza Herbert, of Bound Brook, second, Catharine Foster, of Alexander, N. T. ; Ann, bora Nov. 14, 1811, died Aug. 11, 1880 ; married Joseph Thompson;! Henry, bom Feb. 13, 1816, living at South Branch, married, first, Mary McGrady, of Peapack, and second, Eliza Stevenson, of Quakertown; Catharine, bom March 1, 1818, married Aarou Alpaugh, with whom she removed to Batavia, N.T., where they died, and where their descendants still live; Elizabeth, born Feb. 19, 1821, living at North Branch, married, first, Peter T. Melick, and second, Peter Demott, both of Peapack ;J George Anderson, born March 13, 1822, married Marilla Smith, and lives at North English, Iowa; Peter Quick, born June 27, 18-4, married Re- becca Hoffman, of Potterstown, and had only William Tennent, who died in childhood, THE ANDERSON FAMILY. George Andersong (the third of the name) married Anna Wyckofil (See sketch of Wyckoff family.) George, their eldest child, was baptized at Readington, April 30, 1777, and probably died early. Elizabeth, baptized May 16, 1779, married George P. Schamp, and had Ann, who married Cornelius M. Wyckoff and died without issue ; Peter G., who married Catharine Kline, and is living near North Branch; George A., married Catharine Wyckoff|] (one of his daughters, Mary Emmeline, married Andrew Thompson) ; Jacob G., had two sons, John and Peter G., the former being the well-known lawyer of Somerville, wha married Wilhelmina Schamp ; and John, David, and Cornelius. Martha, born Jan. 16, 1783, died Jan. 1, 1829 ; married, April 23, 1809» Henry A. Post. Jemima married Jacob NefF, and had Ann, Fanny, Eliza, and Gertrude- Ann married George D. Schamp, of Pleasant Eun.^f They had only one son, Henry, and one daughter, Martha Ann. THE ATEN FAMILY was originally Scotch, but many of its members fled from persecution on^ account of their religion, first to France, and then to the Netherlancte, , with whose inhabitants they became identified, and with whom their de- scendants came to America as Dutch. Thomas Aten, born in this coun^ try, and his brother John were residing near New Brunswick, N. J., in 1717. Adriaen Aten, probably a brother of these, settled on the South Branch. - of the Raritan, on the farm between Centreville and the Three Bridges now owned by William C. Van Doren. He was a wealthy man for that region, and devoted himself to the care of his plantation. During the Revolution, like most of his Dutch associates, he was an enthusiastic pa- triot. Three of his sons were in the volunteer corps on Long Island, where one was captured, and remained a prisoner full two years. Patriots carrying messages to and fro between the Continental Congress and the Northern capitals found his hospitable mansion an ever-ready resting- place. A detachment of Washington's army, passing northward to Mor- ristown oa a hot summer day, drank the well dry. Adriae:* Ate n's wife was the pious Jacobje Middagh. Of tbeir nine children, the eighth, Jude, married Joseph Morehead. Another daughter married William Van Fleet None of the Atens remain in this town- ship, although a few are still in the Raritan valleys. The following is a verbatim copy of Adriaen Aten's family record, feomn the Testament and Psalms in the possession of the Rev. Dr. John BU Thompson, the grandson of his granddaughter, Elizabeth Morehead. No- translation is attempted : " In't Jaar Onses Heeren, 1C93. Den 24 Octoober is Gebooren Jacobje Middagh. " In't Jaar 1719, Den 25 Augustus is Gebooren Antje Aten, "In't Jaar 1721, Den 22 Augustus is Gebooren Dirck Aten. " In't Jaar 1723, Den 3 September is Gebooren Hendrick Aten. *' In't Jaar 1726, Den 27 January, is Gebooren Cathalyntje Aten. " In't Jaar 1728, Den 15 Januarius is Gebooren Mareitje Aten. "In't Jaar 1730, Den 29 July is Gebooren Cathalyntje Aten. " In't Jaar 1732, Den 22 December Zijn Gebooren Jan En Gerradus Aten. " In't Jaar 1735, Den 9 July is Gebooren Judick Aten. *' In't Jaar 1737, Den 7 November is Gebooren Adriaen Aten.'^ son Abraham, and her worth is still fresh in the memory of his descend- ants. Her large Dutch Bible, with the family record of three genera- tions, is in the possession of her grandson's grandson, the Rev. Henry Post Thompson. Johannes and Altje had five children,— Geertje, mar- ried Mathias fimock; Johannes; Maria, married Johannes Bennet; Abraham, and Hendrick. * Bee Hunterdon County records. t See Thompson family. 52 X Issue by Melick only, — viz., Martha Ann, married Peter Sutphen ; James, married Sarah Ann Ten Eyck; George, died unmarried; Mary Jane, married Lewis E. Elick, and lives in Iowa. 3 Son of Simon (and Mai-y Van Anglen) Anderson, a grandson of George, ■who was an early settler at New Bmnswick, N. J., prior to 1717. [| Daughter of Peter Wyckoff and Margaret Becker, and granddaughter of John Wyckoff and Altje Lane, who kept the Potterstown tavern. ^ He was called *' Maugbty," and he and his son were distinguished as "Old Maught" and "Young Maught." 490 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEV. THE WTCKOFr FAMILY was, and still is, numerous in this vicinity. All its branches are de- scended from that Peter Claus "Wyckoff who came from the Nether- lands and bought lands, upon which he settled, in Flatbush, L. I., in 1665. He Buperintended the farm and stock of Director Stuyresant and was magistrate of the town that year, and also in 1658, 1662, and 1663. He married Grieve, daughter of Hendrick Van Ness, and had seven eons, — Claes, Hendrick, Cornelius, John, Gerrit, Martin, and Pieter. Simon Wyckoff son of Cornelius, lived at Three-Mile Kun, where he was ordained elder in 1734. His sons settled near White House, one of whom was Cornelius Wyckoff.* He purchased some 600 acres, and owned the farm since known as the " Traphagen place." His wife's name was Elizabeth. He died of palsy, April 21, 1776, and she May 1, 1779. Their children were Gertrude (or Elizabeth), born 1741, died about 1820, mar- ried Abraham Van Horn, and had, at least, Abraham, William, Matthew, Cornelius, and a daughter, who married Mr. Brodhead. Jemima, born June 19, 1742, married John Vliet, lived north of New Germantown, and had sons and daughters. George, who lived on the farm now owned by J. N. Kamsey, was born June 2, 1745, married Rebecca Van Cleef, of Millstone, and had (though the order is conjectural) Margreta (baptized April 14, 1772), married Abra- ham Voorhees; Mareytje (baptized March 20, 1785), married Elias W. Voorhees; Elizabeth, married Ralph Conover; Cornelia (baptized Nov. 25, 1787), died unmarried; Johannah, died uumaiTied ; George, man-ied Catharine Klickener; and John, died 1879, unmarried.f Simon, born Feb. 12, 174r- (lived near Three Cornei-s, where David Davis now resides), married Jemima Anderson, and had Elizabeth, born 1775, died 1808, married Henry A. Post; Martha, married Jacob Vroom and died without issue ; Gitty, married Jasper Berger ; Anna, baptized Dec. 18, 17S3 ; Gordina, married Charles Reading, and bad only Abby, who married David 0. Hoff; Cornelia (baptized 1787), married William Welsh and removed to Ohio; and Jemima, who married Samuel Taylor, widower. Cornelius, born January, 17 — ; died early. Elizabeth (or Gertrude), married William Wyckoff, and died near Millstone. Annae^e, baptized Nov. 12, 1752, married George Anderson. Cornelia, born July 16, 1754, married David Traphagen, and died with- out issue. Cornelius (known as " Gentleman Cornelius"), born Dec. 5, 1757, in- herited the homestead afterwards owned by David Traphagen the sec- ond, and married, for his second wife, April 24, 1808, the youthful Sophia Ten Eyck.by whom he had Elizabeth (born July 2, 1809), Eleanor Rue Ten Eyck (born Feb. 26, 1813; died Aug. 28, 1813), Cornelius (born in 1814), Abraham Ten Eyck (born Sept. 18, 1816), Penelope (born March 30, 1818), and George Dennis (born Sept. 10, 1820), who removed to Illinois. Dennis, who was a justice of the peace, judge of the courts for many years, and an influential man, lived near Mechanicsville, on the place now owned by J. W. Van Houten, of Philadelphia. He was born April 17, 1760, and died Dec. 6, 1830. He married, first, Elizabeth Ten Eyck, by whom he had three children,— CorneliuB, Ann, and Ten Eyck ; married, second, Margaret Melick, by whom he had Simon (mar- ried Brodhead), Tunis (married Ann Vosseller), George (married Waldron), Dennis (married Patty Lowe), Peter M. (married, in 1832, Alice Polbemus.and resided at White House), Eliza (married Abra- ham Van Pelt), and Ellen (married, first, Henry Vroom, and, second, John Kline, recently deceased), still hving in Somerville. THE BODINE FAMILY is an honored one in the history of France, but, moderate as were the advices of Jean Bodin, the wise counselor of Henry III., his relatives were afterwards compelled to flee, with other Huguenots, to Holland, whence they ultimately came to Staten Island, at least as early as 1701.J From the mouth of the Baritan they ascended to its sources. Among the settlers of this region there were at least five of this name, all of whom left a large number of descendants. * Hifl Dutch Bible, with the family record, is in the possession of Rev. Abraham Thompson. The homestead is now owned by James N. Pid- cock, though recently modernized and remodeled. t He was known as " Plato,"— a name probably given him by some achoolmaster,— from his broad shoulders. It was commonly shortened by his associates, unacquainted with tlie Greek philosopher, to " Plate." J The earlier history of the Bodin family has been traced by the Rev. Dr. Charies W. Baird, of New Rochelle, N. Y., for his forthcoming work on the Huguenots of America. John Bodine had a plantation, early in the last century, on the west side of the North Branch. Immediately north of it was the Ammerman tract, and immediately north of that the Du Mont tract. This John Bodine had a son Abraham, who married Mary Low, and had John, baptized April 15, 1748; Judick, baptized March 31, 174:5, married Sam- uel Willemsen; Mary, probably the Mary that married Thomas Cooper; Cathelyntje, baptized Sept. 3, 1749; Sarah, baptized Aug. 10,1755; Cor- nelius, baptized November, 1755, married Margaret Sutpben, of Six-Mile Run, born 1754, and had Abraham, Peter, John, Cornelius, Gilbert, Isaax:, Charles, and George, all deceased. Isaac Bodine had eleven children,— eight by his first wife, Cataleyn, and three by his second wife, Jannetje. These children, with dates of baptism, were Jan, Nov. 19, 1703 ; Jantien, April 30, 1707; Frederick, April 26, 1709 ; Mareyken, April 25, 1711 ; Kataleyn, Aug. 8, 1713 ; Isaac, April 5, 1715 ; Abraham, July 31 , 1717 ; Elizabeth, Oct. 31, 1719 ; Hester, Dec. 25, 1723 ; Isaac, Aug. 16, 1730; and Jannetje, Aug. 16, 1730. Peter Bodine had two children by his first wife and one by his second, Margrita. Their names and dates of baptism were Jan, April 30, 1712 ; David, April 3, 1717 ; Mareytje, Oct. 15, 1738. Jacob Bodine's wife was named Elizabeth. They bad six children, — viz., Jan, St. Jantien, Jacob, Catharine, Cornelius, and Antje. Abraham Bodine married Adriantje Janse, and had nine children, among whom were Catrina, baptized April 14, 1725, and married Lode- wyk Haydenbrook ; Peter, baptized December, 1726, and twice married (first, Mareytje; second, Widow Williamson); John, baptized Dec. 5,1730, married Femmetje Vorhees; Abraham, and Judick. The last named was born March 17, 1735, and ultimately married John Thompson. (See Thompson family.) THE MOREHEAD FAMILY. Ireland, as well as Scotland and 'France, contribufed to build up the Dutch settlement and church in this vicinity. Joseph Muir Head was born at Strabane .Ireland, in 1727, and came to America in 1747. He served in the French and Indian war in Col. Peter Schuyler's battalion of New Jersey volunteers. He was in the battle of Ticonderoga, and the flint-lock musket which he carried, bearing his initials, " J. M. H.," graven by his own hand, is still in possession of his grandson, Joseph Thompson. He was a weaver by trade, and the carved oaken box in which he brought to this country the fine linen products of his handicraft is etill preserved by his great-grandson, John Ward Thomp- son, of Oakland, Bergen Co , N. J.g How he came to Aniwell does not appear, "but he was often in the em- ploy of Adiiaen Aten, and in 1767 married his daughter Jude. She was considered an heiress in her day; she was born July 9, 1735, and died July 22, 1819. With ffSOO which he had saved he bought a house and lot in Amwell, where his four children were born. In 1778 he bought 34 acres adjoining the pond of what are now Higgins' Mills, on the South Branch, whence, iu 1795, he removed to the farm (150 acres, pur- chased of Simon Wyckoff) upon which he died (April 12, 1819), at the village of Readington, and upon which his son John, and afterwards 7iis son John, and John the third, lived until 1876. His daughter Sarah Ann died iu 1821, unmarried. His third child, Elizabeth, married John Thompson,! and his fourth child, Mary, manied John Schamp. The descendants of all three are numerous throughout the townships of Readington and Branchburg. The children of Joseph and Jude Morehead (as the name is now writ- ten) were John, horn .July 28, 1771, died Aug. 13, 1844, married first (1799) Sarah Van Syckel, who was born Nov. 5, 1779, and died Jan. 14, 1838. He lived and died near the head of the " Brookye." He afterwards married ( 1839) Olive Ann Hixon, daughter of George and Hannah Hixon, and now the wife of Aaron L. Stout, of Readington. His only child was John, born in Readington, March 14, 1804, died Aug. 25, 1849 ; married Sophia Van Dom, who died Nov. 14, 1864. TheyhadSarah Ann, wife of Jacob Vroom; Hetty Maria, married John Ammerman ; Joanna (died June 30, 1853), married Dr. A. T. B. Van Doren ; and John, married Mary, daughter of Aaron C. Hoagland. Sarah, born Nov. 19, 1772, died Sept. 12, 1826 ; unmarried. Elizabeth, born July 25, 1775, died Jan. 16, 1861; married John Thompson. Mary, born Sept. 6, 1777 ; died at Pleasant Run, in 1870 ; married the late John Schamp, and had Elizabeth Elisheba, Mary Ann, Peter I., Margaret, Joseph, and Sarah. § It is said that most of his children had a taste and aptness for weav- ing, and that his daughters made carpets when over eighty years of age. (I See sketch of the Thompson family. KEADINaTON. 49l' THE THOMPSON FAMILY. No family in this region is more numerous than that which owes its origin to the John Thompson who was born in Scotland, April 15, 1730. He married Judick Bodine, and their only child, John, was born July 5, 1772, near White House Depot, on the farm now owned by Philip D. Lare. Afterwards the little family, with several of their friends and Deighbors, removed to Shemokem, Fa., and made themselves a home on the western bank of the Loyalsock. In 1778 they were compelled to flee for their lives. When the women .and children were safe, John Thompson, with Peter Shufelt and William "WyckofF, returned to bring off his cattle. They incautiously entered the bouse, which was immediately surrounded by a band of twelve Indians. The three men ran for the woods, the Indians firing upon them as they ran. Shufelt was shot through the shoulder, Thompson was killed by the second volley from the Indians, and Wyckofi" was made prisoner.* John Thompson's widow and child returned to New Jersey, bearing ^th them as the only relic from the destruction of their wilderness home the little Scotch Bible in which the family record was made by Thompson's own finn hand, excepting only the last sad item, which tells the story of his death as follows : " The 9th day of June, A.n. 1778, John Thompson departed this life. Was killed and scalped by ye Tory and Indians at Shemokem."t Jndah Thompson bound her boy apprentice to Pietro Mazzini, the Italian tailor, that he might teach him the mys- teries of his craft. " John Thompson, Sr." (as he came to be called), inherited the thrifty virtues of both his Scotch and Dutch ancestors. Before he was twenty- one he married, and soon after bought the farm, near Campbeirs Brook, on which he resided during most of his- life. His credit was good, for at that time he h^d, as he said, only " five dollars, his wife, and his goose." He was for more than thirty years justice of the peace, and for thirty-two years one of the judges of the Hunterdon County court. The Rev. William I. Thompson was the ninth child of Judge John Thompson. A paralytic stroke, at the age of four, lelt his right arm and side to a great degree helpless. In his youth he showbd special aptness for mathematical study. At tJie age of sixteen lie became the teacher of & district school, and soon after determined to obtain a classical education, — a resolution most remarkable in view of the difBculties involved. Three iqonths before gi-aduating he succeeded his former teacher in the charge of the classical school at Somerville, his excellent scholarship allowing him, none the less, to be graduated with his class. The surviving mem- bers of that class are Bevs.' Talbot W. Chambers, John T. Demarest, John H. Duryea, Harrison Heermance, and John P. Mesick. At Somerville, as also at Millstone, where he afterii'ards taught, he gained an enviable reputation for thoroughness, both as a scholar and as a teacher. In 1838 he began his special preparation for the ministry, and after graduating from the theological seminary accepted a call to the arduous charge of Pond's and Wyckoff, in Bergen County, in which he labored ef- ficiently for three years. He later assumed charge of the grammar-school at New Brunswick, N. J. After eighteen years of service, with impaired health, he returned to the friends of his youth, continuing to teach among them, however, for four years longer. Judge Joseph Thompson is the oldest child of Judge John Thompson by his second wife, Elizabeth Morehrad. He was born in the old, long, red homestead mansion, and improved the opportunities it afforded him. He early learned both to perform and to plan the work of tlie farm. At extra hours he wrought at the loom, and expended the proceeds of his labor in books, which were diligently studied. In this way he mastered land-surveying. At the age of eighteen he taught a district school at the Ridge, after that at Pleasant Bun, to which he gave the name, and also at Centreville, Keadington, White House, North Branch, and " The Centre," now Cedar Grove. He married at twenty-one, and succeeded to the charge of the farm, farming during the summer and teaching during the winter, though often called away from both to survey lands for many miles around. In 1837, with bis wife and four children, he removed to the farm on which he still resides, lying partly in Somerset and partly in Hunterdon. His mental and physical vigor and energy were wonderful, but a stil] * William Wyckoff was about sixteen. His father, Peter Wyckoff, was captured on the same day. One or both of them returned after about two years and told these details. A negro captured at the same time was roasted alive. > This date may be erroneous. Col. Hosterman's letter to Col. Win- ter, dated the 10th of June, details these events as occurring " this day." Sie Penn. Archives, vol. vl. p. 689, and Oomp. Meginnis' " History of the West Branch," pp. 208-215, etc. more noted characteristic was his sterling integrity. These traits caused him, when he was but twenty-eight years of age, to be associated with his father as judge of the Hunterdon County Orphans' Court, a position which he held for fifteen years. Since that time he has held the same position in the Somerset County court for thirteen years, and, though his legal knowledge is only such as he could acquire by desultory read- ing in the intervals of so busy a life, no decision of his as judge of either of these courts has ever been reversed. He has done a very large business as a writer of wills, deeds, and mortgages, as well as a master in Chancery, and in the settlement of estates as executor and adminis- trator. In 1856 he organized the Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance As- sociation, of which he has been secretary from the first. Judge Thompson was a teacher in the first Sunday-school in this re- gion. It was organized at "the Brookye" (Pleasant Run) in the year 1825, From that day to this the Sunday-school movement has had no more faithful friend. Converted in 1830, he became at once a worker in prayer-meetings and in the church, in which he was an officer in 1840, and often since. Two of his children died in infancy ; the other six are still living. The faithful partner of his toils and blessings for more than half a centui7 has recently entered into rest. The Rev. John Bodine Thompson, eldest child of Judge Joseph Thomp- son, like his father, became a teacher at the early age of sixteen, and has continued in that occupation, in some form or other, almost from that day to this. He taught in the public schools at Pleasant Run and Cedar Grove before going to college ; afterwards had charge, first, of a classical school, and then of all the schools in Somerville, of a classical school in Flemington, and was teacher of natural sciences in the Trenton Academy. This experience fitted him to become the advisor and instruc- tor of teachers as the agent of the New Jersey State Teachers' Associa- tion. He was an active member of the first and second teachers' insti- tutes held in the State, at Somerville, in 1849 and 1850. He was chiefly instrumental in organizing the first teachers' institute in Hunterdon, in 1852. His address to the Legislature at Trenton, Feb. 9, 1854, resulted in the establishment of teachers' institutes by law, and he became or- ganizer and conductor of them in most of the counties of the State. His lectures in connection with them contributed largely towards the establishment of the New Jersey State Normal School and the organiza- tion of the system of public schools upon its present excellent basis. Dr. Thompson was graduated from Rutgers College in 1851, and from the theological school at New Brunswick in 1858. His ministerial life has been spent upon the banks of the Baritan and the Hudson. The late Eev. Dr. Cohen-Stuart characterizes him further (in his book of travels published in Holland in 1875) as " a large, well-developed man, and a true American, — a man who has traveled, seen, and learned a great deal ; no stranger at all in the literature of the Old World,— what an English- man would call a well-informed man, and, what is more than all, a truly pious and lovely Christian." A vacation of two years enabled Dr. Thompson and family to visit the Old World. During his first winter there he attended lectures on phil- osophy and logic at the University of Tubingen. After that he sup- plied the American union church in Florence. Becoming interested in the Free Italian Church (then just organized), he identified himself with the few evangelists of it, and, leaving his family in Europe, came to America to cuUect funds for its work.briuging with him the well-known patriotic orator and evangelist Alessandro Gavazzi. Their summer tour procured contributions amounting to J30,000. Dr. Thompson is an acceptable and instructive minister, and has been higlily honored by his brethren. Amid the duties of a busy life he has found time for study. For a time it was the languages (especially Ger- man Greek, and Hebrew) that occupied his attention, and he was more than once invited to become a college professor. Discourses published during the last few years, however, show that all this was but prepara^ tory to the metaphysical and theological pursuits to which he is devoting the maturity of his puwers.J The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by his Alma Mater in 1870. The Rev. Henry Post Thompson, second child of Joseph Thompson and Ann Post, was devoted to the ministry by his parents. At an early age he entered Rutgers College, whence he was graduated in 1854, and from the theological seminary in 1867. He was immediately settled at Peapack, where he continued for sixteen years. Obliged to relinquish the duties of the pastorate in 1873, in consequence of a partial paralysis of the lower limbs, he has since continued to edify the pubUc with pro- ductions of his pen.g Never having married, he resides with his father. 1 See chapter on " Authors of Hunterdon County." 3 See " Authors of Somerset County," in this work. 492 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. devoting himfielf in the iutervals of literary labor to the care of his farm. The Eev. Abraham Thompson, third child of Judge Joseph Thompson, was also graduated from the college and seminary at New Brunswick, and taught in the academy at Holland, Mich. He labored also, in con- nection with his eldest brother, as a conductor of teachers' institutes. His first pastoral charge was at Pella, Iowa, where he organized the English-speaking Reformed Church, remaining until it was firmly estab- Ushed. During the year 1872, at request of Classis, he had charge of the Reformed Church of Pekin, 111. In 1874 he accepted the appoint- ment as rector of the college grammar-school at New Brunswick, but resigned two years later, and in 1877 assumed charge of the Knox Me- morial Miseion of the Collegiate Church, in New York City, where he still remains. Aai'on J. Tliompson, fourth child of Judge Joseph Thompson, resides near his father, and is secretary of the Readington Mutual Life In- surance Association, which he was chiefly instramental in organizing. The ancestor of this large family on the borders of these two counties was the Juhn Thompson first above mentioned. The following schedule of his descendants will be of interest to many : * John Thompson's only child, John, was bom July 3, 1772, and died March 9, 1847. He married, first, Dec. 1, 1793, Hannah Van Syckle, who was born Feb. 29, 1772, and died May 18, 1806 ;t second, May. 1807, Elizabeth Morehead, who was bom July 25, 1775, and died Jan. 16, 1861. He had eleven children, all of whom save one became heads of families. Their names were 1. Andrew, bom Sept. 23, 1794, died in August, 1850 ; married, June 24, 1816, Susannah Lane, and had : 1. Hannah, married Samuel Connet, and had Stephen, Susan Elizabeth, Eleanor Ann (married William H. Post), Andiew Thompson J (married Joanna S. Nevius), Peter Elmer (married Isabella Miller), William (married Martha Lane), John Lane,g Sarah Louisa (married Peter, son of Jacob Hnyler), Charles Ellis (un- married), resides with his parents in Readington township. 2. John A. married Sarah Ann Ent, and had Susan Ann (married Peter Dalley), An- drew (married Mary Emeline Schamp), William Ent (married Margaret Dalley), John Ent (married Acsah Painter), Henrietta (married Robert Kitchen, aud Daniel Ent (married Mary Carkhnff). 3. Jacob, married Jane Schenck, and had Andrew, John Hardenbergh, William Henry (married Heleua Dalley), Samuel (married Jenny Van Doren), and Jacob. 4. Peter A., married Ann Elizabeth Nelson, and had John Henry (married Ann Cole), Andrew (married Harriet Van Syckle), Ellen Maria (married John Dow), Jennetta, Caroline Miller, and Edward Andereon. 6. William Van Fleet, married Maria Quick, elder sister of Rev. A. M. Quick, and removed to Illinois. 6. Andrew A., married Sarah Reed, who died 1874, and had John Lane, who married Lina Hill. 7. Susanna, married Juhn A. Lane, and had Henrietta. 2. Judah, born July 17, 1796 ; married, July 20, 1820, Aaron L. Saxon, and had only Sarah Ann, who married Joseph Linsley. 3. Jol)U, born Jan. 3, 1798, died in 1845 ; married. May 5, 1821, Sarah Emans. and had John J., married Johanna Stout; Elizabeth J., married Charles Roberts, and died leaving one daughter, Sarah; Andrew J., married Rebecca Dalley, who died in 1879 at Grundy Centre, Iowa; Peter J.; Gilbbi-t Emane, married Margaret Tauger; and Aaron Saxon, died unmarried. 4. Peter, born May 23, 1800, died in 1844; mariied, Feb. 11,1830, Mary Ann Biggs, and had David, married Jennetta Bowman of South Branch ; John P., dieil in Texas; Lemuel, married, had three children, and lives in Utah; Mary Hannah, married John H. Case; Angustus, captain in the Ninth Regimeut, New Jersey Volunteers, and after the war remained in North Carolina, * The numbered paragraphs indicate the children of John Thompson, second. f See the Van Sickle genealogy, p. 175, J Andrew T. Connet, the oldest living son of Samuel and Hannah Connet. At the age of twelve years he began clerking in a store, and so continued in various stores in the villages of Somervillc and Flem- ington iirit'I the civil war broke out. He then enlisted as a private with the tliree-months' men in Company H, Third Regiment New Jersey Volunteer-*, and later re-enlisted in the Tliiity-first New Jersey Volun- teers. He was made first sergeant of Company D, and afterwards promoted to second lieuiemintof the same company. After his discharge from the service, he engaged in the mercantile business in Fleniington, and in 1876 bemme employed in the Hunterdon County National Bank, in which lie is still engaged. g See sketch of J. L. Connet in chapter on "Bench and Bar of Hun- terdon Couuty." 5. Hannah, horn Aug. 1, 1802, married, Aug. 19, 1820, Garret La Toa- rette, and had Hannah Maria, married Ezekiel Carkhuff; Andrew, mar- ried Sarah Maria Dalley; Peter, married and resides near Baritan, HI.; John, married Rebecca Naylor; Sarah, married Henry S. Van Doren. 6. Sarah, born June 6, 1804, married, May, 1856, Elijah Hudnot, and had Josiah Austin, deceased ; John Thompson, died 1879, married Eliza Cole and Anna Boss; Elizabeth, married Ely Everett ; Abraham, Mar- garet Stout, and Peter T. 7. Mary, born May 18, 1806, died in 1806. 8. Joseph, bom Sept. 30, 1808, married, January, 1830, Ann Post (see Post family), by whom he had John Bodine, born Oct. 14, 1830, married, 1859, Hannah Garrigues Reeve, and has William, Reeve and Henry Dal- las; Henry Post, bom Nov. 30, 1831, unmarried; Abraham, bom Dec. 30, 1833, married Anna Westfall, and has Joseph Murice, James Westfall, John Henry, and Hubert Wayne ; William, horn Jan. 19, 1835, died Jan, 27, 1837 ; Aaron, born December, 1837, married, first, Anna Louisa Rarick, who died in 1878, and, second, 1880, Abby Thomas, of Metuchen; Martha Eliza, born Nov. 30, 1839, married Aaron Hofiman ; Luther, bom Jan. 19, 1842, and died March 9, 1842; Emma, horn Jan. 30, 1843, married Pierre Henri Bousquet, of Pella, Iowa. 9. Wilham J., bom March 8, 1812, died 1867 ; married, 1846, Sophia, daughter of John Ward, of Wyckofi', Bergen Co., and had Kate, Bessie, and John. 10. Aaron, born Sept. 16, 1814, married, Feb. 26, 1846, Maria, daughter of David D. Schamp, and had Charity, married Derrick Hageman, both deceased ; Elizabeth Ann, married William Van Doren Dalley; Sophia; Lany, married Wellington Kline ; David, married Joanna, daughter of Jacob Vroom ; John; Ina, died in infancy. 11. Elizabeth, born Sept. 2, 1817, married, Dec. 15, 1845, John Kee, and had Margaret Jane, married Edward P. Conklin, and Eliza Mary, mar- ried J. Richards, a merchant in Flemington, formerly of Philadelphia. THE SMOCK FAMILY. Matthias Smock (grandson of Hendrick Matthyse Smock, who came from the Netherlemds in 1654 and settled on Long Island) married Geertje Post and had several children, of whom Mary, born Aug. 13, 1765, married John Ditmare, who died 1804. His grave was the first in the hurying-ground adjacent to the church at Beadington. Another son of the original Hendrick Matthyse was Johannes Smock, who about 1690 married Catharine Barentse. He settled first on Statea Island, but in 1712 purchased 300 acres of land near Holmdel. The hue of descent from Johannes, through seven generations, down to the Rev. John H. Smock.of Readington, is as follows: Johannes, mar- ried Catharine Barentse. His eldefet son, Hendrick, married Mary Schenck, whose first-bom child. John, married Elizabeth Conover, whose oldest son, Hendrick, married Sarah Lane, and his oldert son, John H., married Elizabeth Du Bois, and had Henry, who married Maria V. Boice, the parents of Rev. John H., now pastor of the Reformed Church of Readington. He was born Jan. 20, 1836, and was graduated at Rut- gers College in 1863, and from the theological seminary at New Bruns- wick in 18G6. He accepted a call from the Reformed Church of Oyster Bay, L. I., and also officiated as pastor of the church at Locust Valley and Jericho. L. I., which were organized by him. He was installed over the Readington Church May 10, 1871. Mr. Smock was married to Cassie V. N. Gaston, of New Brunswick, June 12, 1866. They have had four children. THE VAN SICKLE FAMILY. Gerret Van Sickelen (probably a son of Comelius and Mary, the second child of Jannetje and Reinier the first) was born on Long Island about 1712. He married Margrietie Van Leuven. They had two children bap- tized in the Dutch Reformed church of Readington,— firat, Margrietje, July 24, 1737; and second, Gerrit, Feb. 10, 1740. Whether they had other children is not known, Lieut. Gerrit Van Sicklen, probably the second child and only son of Gerrit and Margrietje (Van Leuven), was horn in Readington, Feb. 2, 1740. He married Ann Canaan, by whom he had eight children, all bom in Readington, and most of them baptized in the Readington Dutch Refoi-med church. He was an officer in the Revolutionary- war, and died on tus seventieth birthday, Feb. 2, 1810. His wife, Ann, was born April 2, 1752, and died Dec. 22, 1829. Jacobus Van Sickle, son of John and Lena, was born in 1733. He was a farmer. By deed of date March 2, 1784, "Jacobus Van Sickle and Sarah, his wife, of Readingtown," for £900 sold to " Peter Scamp, of Tucks- bury," the tract of land which his father, John Van Sickle, purchased of RynearVan Sickle by his indenture of release bearing date April 14, 1748, which is spoken of as "being butted and bounded on the northeast READINGTON. 493 side of Hollandsbrook by tbe land Formerly Berteloes," by the " Fifty- acre Lott" of Michael Dsmott, and by " Motforta [Monfort] line," and embracing "also the one-half of the Mill, being the half-part which he, the said Jacobus Vansickle, purchased of Thomas Stout, of Readingtown," etc. This mill was the one in Readington village built by Adrian Lane, and the first in the township. Adriaea Van Sicfclen (son of Rynier and Henah), born 1740, married Hannah Schamp, and had three children, — Andrew, born 1765; Hannah, born 1772 ; and Sara, bom 1779. Andrew married Rebecca Lane, and died June 12, 1815; Rebecca died May 21, 1838 ; Hannah married John Thompson; and Sara married John Morehead, and died in 1838. The reader is referred to a recently-published " Genealogy of the Van Sickle Family" for further details. THE THOMPSON HOMESTEAD.* The following sketch, although written to describe the Thompson homestead and its family life, applies equally well to many of the other old homes in this region : Fifty years ago the house itself was a long, low, red building, with a hall through the centre and a jessamine over both the frout and back doors, a sitting-room and a bed-room on either side, and a kitchen, first at the west, and afterwards one also at the eastern end. A room in the immense garret was furnished with "cop-stocks" (rows of wooden pegs), on which the family cloaks and garments for Sunday wear were hung, where they formed themselves into ghostly shapes, to the terror of the children who ventured to disturb the awful silence of that " spare-room." The rafters were adorned with long, short, broad, straight, and curved swords, and with bayonets which had seen service in mure than one war. On its pegs in the hall hung the musket which did duty annually at gen- eral training, and served not much more frequently in securing a rabbit, squirrel, or partridge for the table. In a convenient drawer were laid aside the shoe-buckles and sleeve-buttons which had gone out of fashion. In another was the brass tinder-box, with its flint and steel ready for use. Matches were prepared by dipping pine splinters in brimstone, which, if the tinder chanced to be damp, could easily be hghted by a flash in the pan of the flintrlock musket. Tablespoons and teaspoons of pewter were made by the head of the household in a wooden mould carved by him for that purpose. Chocolate was a frequent breakfast-dish in this household. Tea was seldom used, but cofiee was not uncommon. It was powdered with a stone pestle in a wooden mortar excavated in the end of an oaken block which was securely bound with iron hoops. Loaves of bread were usually baked in the large brick oven at the smoke-house, but occasionally a single loaf would be baked in the "Dutch oven," an iron pot which bad a cluse-fltting iron lid with an elevated rim, so that it might be covered with hot coals while hanging on a trammel over the fire in the huge stone fireplace. Turkeys were roasted before the fire, suspended from the mantel- piece by a strong cord which turned and twisted continually under the supervision of the mistress, who basted the turkey from time to time •with the fat which trickled from it into the huge dripping-pan below. It mattered not that the roasting required half a day and half a cord of wood, nor that it was trying to the face and eyes of the baster, nor that an unbelieving posterity might suppose that the fiaxen cord would be burned off before the turkey would be roasted suflaciently : it was so roasted. This mode gave place to the Yankee " tin oven," which was much more economical both of the heat and of the cook. This, again, was supplanted by the iron stove, which affords only " baked meats,*' though a generation which has no experience of the delicious reality still allows itself to be deceived with the name of "roast turkey." What boots it to speak of the glories of departed goodness in the forms of crullers and doughnuts and thick mince-pies, or of the sweet waffles of which the only relic is the waffle-iron in the garret? The favorite dish for the evening meal was soupaan and milk. The soupaan was made by boiling Indian meal in water for three hours or more, the quantity being sufficient for at least two meals. That which was not eaten hot on the first evening was boiled as long in milk for the second. This gave it an excellency of taste unknown to the degenerate palates of this day. Th& females of the house did not only the cooking, but also the spin- ning andmnch of the weaving. They even worked in the field occasion- * Prepared especially for this work by John B. Thompson, D.D. ally at the light flax-pulling, which was usually a sort of a frolic. The days of rotting, breaking, dressing, and hatcheling flax seem to have de- parted from this land of machinery, but the process was precisely that which may be seen among the small European farmers everywhere to this day. The coarse "hock-tow" filled with "shives" was used for cushions, or for foot-mats. The finer " rope-tow" was loosely twisted by the men between the palms of the hands and the knee, during the long winter evenings, into rope-yarn, to be made into ropes for farm use. Or the evening employment would be varied by shelling, before the kitchen fire, large baskets full of Indian corn, the long handle of the frying-pan being thrust through the eai-s of the basket for this purpose. Smaller quantities were usually shelled with a cob. These winter evenings furnished to those who had a taste for such things opportunities for reading and study also. Books were not numer ous, but the few at hand were read and reread again and again. The taste of more than one generation was formed by the books gathered in the home here described. The list includes, of course (as first and chief and most read), religious books,— the Bible, " The Life of Christ," Josephus, " Wliitefleld's Sermons," Newton's works, " The Pilgrim's Progress," etc., — but after these, also, "Jack Halyard," "Robinson Crusoe," "The Arabian Nights," " Frederick Trenck," and "' Baron Munchausen ;" " Cla- rissa Harlowe," "Charlotte Temple," and "The Sori'ows of Werther;" Captain Cliurch's " Indian Wars ;" Bailey's Dictionary ; Posthlewaite's "Dictionary of Commerce;" Father Hnet's " Treatise on the Situation of Paradise;" and the Church histories of Eusebius, Socrates, and EvagriuB, with Valesius' Notes, this last from the library of the colonial Governor Reading. In this hospitable home the Scotch and English as well as the Ameri- can teachers always found a welcome, and ite parlors were always at the disposal of Christian preachers of every name for public worship. The farm-work was difficult, but there was much to cheer it also. Carting the'grain to New Brunswick for sale was a sort of excursion. In midwinter the poultry-box (large enough to fill the farm-wagon), well packed, went with its owner or one of his sons to New York City. In spring it was the duty of each member of the " clam-class" to bring clams from New Brunswick, once for himself and his neighbors, thus furnish- ing a weekly supply for all. In autumn the neighborhood shoemaker would come with his kit of tools upon his back and set up his bench in the living-room for two or three days or a week, till every member of the family was firmly shod for the winter. Every Sunday the farm-horses plodded patiently to church, four or five miles away, consuming as many hours in the going and returning, and if the younger members of the family availed themselves of this long absence of "the united head thereof" (as the minister said when he prayed for them at his annual visit) to rummage among the treasures in the garret, to try philosophical experiments with lenses from old specta- cles, or to prepare themselves a more than usually luxurious dinner of fritlers or fiap-jacks, who could blame them severely? One thing is cer- tain: no dangerous pistol, no wicked cards, no unhallowed fiddle, was ever seen in this correct household. The discipline may seem to us to have been strict and the range of thought narrow. Nevertheless, those were the surroundings which helped to make our fathers what they were. Not all in their cases or in ours, but much both in their cases and in ours, is due to heredity and environment; and, amid whatever privation, whatever simplicity of thought or manners, they had within them that integrity of charac- ter, that steadfastness of honest purpose, that eminent moral life, which enabled them to leave to their descendants opportunities and capacities for usefulness and excellence surpassed by the inhabitants of no land beneath the sun. HOTELS. Keadington township, like many others, had many inns in the early days. In the time of the Revolu- tion there was a tavern at White House; another at Eeadington was kept by Casper Berger, and later by Peter Ten Brook, and was much noted as a stopping- place for teamsters between Easton and New Bruns- wick. Col. David Schamp kept the hotel at *' Brookye/' now Pleasant Run ; when he gave it up three others were established, — one a mile southeast- erly, kept for many years by his nephew, Henry G. Schamp; one half a mile westward, by Benjamin 494 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. Yorks, and one at Barley Sheaf, by Maj. Smith; also one at Centreville, kept by John Moore, and for many years by his widow. Besides the seven above named, persons still living remember when a hotel was kept by Catharine Camp- bell at Barley Sheaf; one by Henry S. Low where Ann Thompson now resides ; one at the forks of Camp- bell's Brook, by John Smith, and generally known as " The Head of the Lake" ; and others by Capt. Mathias Cramer, easterly of the old White House, by John Shurts, in front of the present Eeformed church, ■Mechanicsville, and two at White House Station. Two taverns only are now licensed in the township, — J. P. Woollen's at White House Station, and one recently opened at Three Bridges. PHYSICIANS. Abraham Bertron (Bertrand) and Jacob Jennings were the pioneer physicians of this township, both commencing to practice about 1784, the former being located on the South Branch, the latter at Reading- ton. It is impossible to say which came first. Dr. Bertron lived in a small house on the hill, near the late residence of Levi Mettler, deceased. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. John P. Farlee was postmaster at White House in 1838. The Jackson " committee of vigilance for the town- ship of Eeadington," in the Presidential campaign of 1828, was Brogun Brokaw, Gilbert L. Emans, Isaac Rpwe, Peter Berger, Cornelius Hoagland, Dennis S. Hall, Abm. Van Fleet, Peter Vlerebome,* Sylvester Emans,* Garret A. Conover, John G. Van Houten,* 'Apdrew Kinney, Voorhees Dilley, Henry Lowe, Matthias Cramer, John Wortman, Martin Nevius, Washington Skillman, John Craft, Abram A. Bro- kaw, Cornelius A. Ten Eyck, Geo. Hall, John Hall, Peter Emery, John Farlee, Martin Wyckoff", Jr., John M. Wyckoff, Abm. A. Ten Eyck, Rodney T. Hyde, John T. Van Fleet, John J. Kline, and Garret .Strvker. The " panther story" seems well authenticated, ac- cording to the statements of many staid and honest old residents, who assert that it created great excitement at the time, particularly among the superstitious class. Howlings were heard in the woods on all sides after dark, and wild stories were soon afloat as to the cause : to panthers, gorgons, and mysterious monsters were they variously ascribed. At last the mystery yras solved : a young man, the originator (he had several confederates) confessed to being the cause of the terrific noises, which were produced by whirling rapidly a thin diamond-shaped shingle fastened to a string. The ringleader, however, had to leave the country. * still living (December, 1880). CIVIL HISTORY. The civil history of this township dates back to about 1733, prior to which it was a part of ancient Amwell. In the absence of township records to give the date o-f organization, other sources of information consulted on this subject point to about the year above given. The first mention in the court records is in 1732, in which it is called " the town of Reading," In volume 2, records of the court of Hunterdon County, is given the result of the town-meeting held in March, 1733. Among the officers elected were Michael Hen- dry and Jacob StoU, freeholders ; Lawrence HoflT, assessor ; Garret Van Sickle, collector ; Meinhart Johnson, clerk ; Andries Johnson and Aryon Ten Eyck, commissioners of highways; Thomas Bowman and Daniel Sebring, overseers of the poor. In March, 1734, the " town of Reading" again held its town-meeting, and elected Lawrence Hoff town clerk, Michael Heodry and Lawrence Hoff chosen freeholders, Peter Monfort assessor, Hendrick Lane collector. A change was made in 1735, the inhabitants select- ing the following to conduct their civil affairs : Law- rence Hoff and Jacob Stoll, freeholders ; Daniel Selr over, collector ; Nicholas Wyckoff, assessor ; Law- rence Hoff, clerk ; Jacques Barkelow and Peter Van Est, commissioners of highways; Frederick Van Fleet and Daniel Cox, overseers of the highways ; Peter Monfort and Michael Hendry, overseers of the poor ; and Orea Brewer, constable. The early records of Eeadington township have been lost or misplaced. Diligent inquiry on the part of the present clerk, Samuel Young, and others has failed to discover their whereabouts. The following is the earliest record in the possession of the town- ship clerk : " Proceedings of the Annual town-meeting of the township of Reading- ton, held at the house of James Sanders (depot), April 13, 1857. The following pereoufl were elected to office for the ensuing year. Moder- ator, Peter D. Rockafellow ; Town Clerk, John Voorhees, Jr. ; Assessor, John Lewis ; Collector, Adrian H. Pickle ; Commissioners of Appeal, Peter E. Voorhees, Philip D. Lare, John 0. Biggs; Surveyors of the Highway, Henry B. Wyckoff, Peter Kline, Jr. ; freeholder, Peter G. Schamp ; Overseers of the Poor, Ebenezer A. Connet (north side), Peter S. Dalley (south side) ; Surplus Committee, Herman Hagaman, Tunis V. M. Cox, David Davis ; Town Committee, William C. Van. Doren, Aaron Thompson, David Davis, Archibald B.Johnson, Tunis V.M. Cox; Judge of Election, David D. Schamp ; Pouudkeepers, Henry Pickle, Michael T. Field ; Constables, John Lewis, John W. Catouch ; Town Superintendent, George W. Vroom." Then follow the names of the overseers of the 36 road districts of the township, and after the passage of sundry resolutions and motions, the town-meeting closed. The principal town officers since 1857, as shown by the town records, have been as follows :t ASSESSORS. 1858, John Lewis ; 1859-61, Peter D. Rockafellow ; 1 862-64, James Swing 5 1866, George A. Schamp; 1866-67, John W. Wert, Sr. ; 1868-69, Jacob G. Schamp; 1870-71, John V. Berkaw; 1872, Cornelius T. Swack^ t For chosen freeholders from 1800 to 1880 see page 263. READINGTON. 495 hamer ; 1873, Abram I. Toorhees ; 1874r-75, George A. Scbamp ; 1876 -77, David 0. Hough; 1878-79, Gilbert L. Todd; 1880, John V. Berkaw. COLLBOTOES. 1858, Adrian H. Pickel ; 1859-60, Ebenezer A. Connet ; 1861, John E. Voorhees ; 1862-63, Peter Dtms; 1864, William N. Hoagland;* 1865 -66, Henry Britton ; 1867-68, Garret C. Gerhart ; 1869-70, John Ram- sey; 1871-72, Fisher Pidcock; 1873, John R. Case ; 1874-75, C. T. Swaokhamer ; 1876-77, Peter G. Sohamp ; 1878, Peter S. Latourette ; 1879, David Davis ; 1880, Peter S. Latourette. TOWN CLERKS. 1858, John Voorhees, Jr.; 1859-61, William D. Quinby; 1862, David Davis ; 1863-64, John V. Berkaw ; 1865-66, John W. Wert, Jr. ; 1867 -68, Jeremiah S. Ten Eyck ; 1869-70, Henry K. Van Doren ; 1871-72, Jacob Hiler; 1873, William S. Thompson; 1874, Aaron K. Kline; 1875-76, James Lane ; 1877-78, Charles B. Messier ; 1879-80, Samuel Young. TOWNSHIP COMMITTEE. 1858, Wm. C. Van Dom, Aaron Thompson, Garret C. Gearbart, David Davis, Tunis V. M. Cox ; 1859, James V. Brokaw, James Ewing, Gar- ret C. Gearbart, C. T. Swackhamer, Tunis V. M. Cox ; 1860, James V. Brokaw, C. T. Swackhamer, James Ewing, Alexander Force, George A. Schamp ; 1861, James V. Brokaw, Joseph Potts, Wm. A. Force, Andrew Lane, George A. Scbamp ; 1862, John Higgins, Ezekiel Cole, John M. Wyckoff, T. V. M. Cox, Philip D. Lare ; 1863, John M. Wyckoff, John Higgins, Philip D. Lare, Henry Britton, John E. Dal- ley ; 1864, Peter S. Dalley, John E. Dalley, Henry Britton, Isaac G. Stryker, Wm. P. Todd; 1866, Peter S. Dalley, Isaac G. Stryker, Wm. P. Todd, George W. Vroom, John W. Wert,Sr.; 1866, John V. Ber- kaw, Peter E. Voorhees, .tames Ewing, George W. Vroom, Wm. C. Van Doren; 1867, Daniel Brown, Peter E. Voorhees, John V. Berkaw, James Ewing, Wm. C. Van Doren ; 1868, Peter E. Voorhees, Daniel Brown, John Hankinson, John Alpaugh, Peter S. Latourette ; 1S69, John Hankinson, John Alpaugh, Peter S. Latourette, Garret C. Gearbart, 0. T. Swackhamer; 1870, Garret C. Gearbart, C. C. Lane, Philip D. Lare, John Higgins, Peter P. Kline ; 1871, Isaac G. Sti-yker, John Higgins, Philip D. Lare, C. C. Lane, Peter S. Latourette ; 1872, Jacob S. Swackhamer, Ezekiel Cole, George Stillwell, John S. Voor- hees, Richard Sbafer ; 1873, John S. Voorhees, Jacob S. Swackhamer, John C. Lane, Ralph Smith, John V. Hall ; 1874, Jacob Dilte, Adrian H. Pickel, John 0. Lane, John Hankinson, John V. Hall ; 1875, Adrian H. Pickel, Jacob Dilts, Jacob G. Scbomp, Martin Wyckoff, Minard W. Abbott ; 1876, Jeremiah S. Ten Eyck, Jacob G. Scbomp, Garret C. Gearbart, Martin Wyckoff, M. W. Abbott ; 1877, Jeremiah S. Ten Eyck, Garret C. Gearbart, Lambert Smith, Jacob Hiler, Wm. H. Sheets; 1878, Garret Conover, J. R. Swackhamer, George W. Cole, Lambert Smith, Jacob Hiler ; 1879, George W. Cole, John E. Swack- hamer, Garret Conover ; 1880, George W. Cole, John C. Lane, John V. F. Wyckoff. The disbursements made by the town committee, and paid by Peter S. Dalley, treasurer, for volunteers and substitutes, Jan. 19, 1861, to June 5, 1865, were $225,960.64. VILLAGES. White House is situated near the confluence of the two branches of the Eockaway. Its name is de- rived from an old tavern located near the bridge, on the road leading from New Brunswick to Easton, Pa., whose plastered walls were white. It was built by Abraham Van Horn before the Eevolution for a public-house, and as such was kept for a number of years. William J. Van Horn is its present owner. It has been called " Washington's headquarters," but the only foundation we know of for this appellation is the tradition that Washington stopped there for entertainment. The Van Horn homestead, a little farther up the stream, dates from about 1757. • Andrew Lane elected to fill vacancy, Sept. 13, 1864. The "White House" was a noted stopping-place for entertainment in the early days, but now the in- terest of the traveling community centres about the White House station, on the Central Eailroad of New Jersey, a little more than half a mile distant, where a thriving village has sprung up within the last twenty or twenty-five years. White House is 47 miles from New York City. It has a church of the Eeformed denomination, a school, a mill, operated by Dalley Brothers, the store of John V. F. Wyckoff, blacksmith -shop, etc., and about thirty dwellings. The post-office is at the station, where also are located three stores, a portable steam saw- mill, a hay-press, a lumber- and coal-yard, hotel, wheelwright-, blacksmith-, and shoe-shops, and about forty dwellings. Meohanicsville, about a mile eSst of White House, is a small hamlet. It is an extension of White House village, the two places nearly running together. Here are found a Methodist church, a store, a few mechanical shops, and perhaps thirty houses. It has no post-office. Eeadington is located on Holland's Brook, near the centre of the east part of the township. It is a post-village of some twenty or more houses, a grist- and saw-mill, a Eeformed church, a store, and a few shops of the mechanic arts. L. N. Huffman is present postmaster. Centreville, in the eastern part of the township, on Campbell's Brook, has a post-office and store, — the latter owned and lately kept by C. B. Stout, who is also postmaster, — a Methodist church, blacksmith- shop, etc. Neshanic, two miles distant, is the nearest railroad station. The post-office was established about 1828, with Leonard Bunn as the first incumbent. Peter B. Lowe officiated in 1838, and was engaged in merchandising at the same time. Three Bridges is in the south part of the town- ship. The Easton and Amboy and South Branch Eailroads have stations here. This village has a church (Eeformed), a school, two stores, hay-press, tavern, blacksmith- and wheel- wright-shops, and twenty or twenty-five houses. John D. Van Liew is postmaster, and Samuel Young sta- tion-agent of the South Branch Eailroad. Pleasant Eun was originally called " Brookye,'' but its present cognomen was bestowed about 1825 by Joseph Thompson, Esq., when drawing up the con- stitution for the school at that point. It is merely a collection of farmhouses on both sides of the stream of the same name, in the south part of the township. It has a store, kept by Isaac E. Thatcher, a black- smith-shop, and a post-office, John A. Cole officiating in the latter. Stanton has borne several names; it was once called "Mount Pleasant," formerly was known aS "Housel's," at one time went by the name of "Wagoner's Hill," and finally was named in honor of Lincoln's Secretary of War. One church (Ee- 496 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. formed), a store and post-office, kept by Jolm V. Berkaw, a school-house, aud about a dozen houses constitute the place. Stanton Station is about a mile distant, on the Easton and Amboy Railroad. Rowland's Mills is a post-village, one and a half miles from Stanton, upon the South Branch. It de- rives its name from the former owner of the mills ; besides these, it has a blacksmith-shop and shoe-shop, with five or six dwellings. Deea Hook or " Three Corners" is about a mile southwest from White House station. It was origi- nally a Dutch settlement, as its name evidences. A school-house, blacksmith-shop, and a dozen houses constitute the settlement. Babley Sheaf is a small hamlet formerly known as Campbellsville, and at one time as Farmersville. Its present name is indicative of its rural surround- ings. It is located on the direct road from Flemington to White House, one mile from Metler's (now Stover's) mills. It had in former days a hotel, but now con- tains only wheelwright- and blacksmith-shops, to- gether with half a dozen farmhouses. CHURCHES. Prior to 1717, about which time the Readington Church was organized, the inhabitants of this town- ship had to go to the Raritan church (Somerville) for public worship. But during the next quarter-century several churches were established, not only in the ad- joining townships, but in Readington. Tradition as- serts that there were at least two log meeting-houses erected and used in the vicinity of White House at an early day.* The site of one was on the farm now owned by David Sanderson ; the other, on lands for- merly owned by Baltus Pickel, but now in possession of G. 0. Gearhart.f But the first church known to have been organized in this township was the EEFORMED DUTCH CHURCH OF READINGTON This church was organized in the early part of the last century. Its records begin in 1719. The first church edifice was begun in 1718, and completed the following year. It was a log building, and stood near the junction of the North and South Branches, nearly opposite the present residence of John Vosseller, in what is now Branchburg township. The church was then, and for many years, known as the North Branch church. This log building was used for eighteen years ; tradition says it was burned down. The first sermon preached in it was Feb. 21, 1720, by Rev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen,J the first settled preacher of the four united churches of Raritan, Six- Mile Run, Three-Mile Run, and " North Branch." * ll. B. Houeyman, in an article on the New Germantown Church, in " Our Home," p. 118, aaya, " Long before this early date [1742] the ' High Dutch' of the county had built them a log church near White House, the old burying-ground of which exists. Doubtless that very ancient society was the parent of this. There was another still, of the Lutheran denom- ination, located at Potterstown, which was in existence prior to 1740. t William Bailey. - - _ X See personal sketch elsewhere in this work._ Among the original or first supporters and members of this church were Jacob Sebring, Derrick Van Veghten, Jan Van Sicklen, Abraham Dubois, Koen- radt Ten Eyck, John Pursell, Daniel Sebring, Michael Van Veghten, Alexander McDowal, Tunis Van Mid- dlewaert, George Hall, Albert Louw, William Rosa, Lucas Schermerhorn, Benjamin Burt, Jacob Stoll, Paulus Bulner, Joshua Crison, and Coert Jans^n. This is not a complete list, but, as their names fre- quently recur in the church record, we infer that they were among the most active, and nearly all have had successors down to the present time. The first elders, appointed in 1719, were Cornelius Bogart and Jan Hendricksen ; the first deacons, Abraham De la Meter and Andreas Ten Eyck. The first entry in the baptismal register is of date Feb. 21, 1720, recording the baptism of Matthew, son of Andreas and Adriantje Ten Eyck. In 1736 the four united congregations resolved to get a colleague for Dominie Frelinghuysen, and a call was prepared and sent to Holland. At the same time Simon Van Arsdalen was appointed a " helper.'' The North Branch Church was at this time, and until Dominie Hardenbergh was called, of the " Confer- entie" party. J The old log church was replaced in 1738 by a frame building, which, with more or less repairing, was used for ninety-five years. Joris Hall, Jan Van Sicklen, Nicholas Wyckoff, and Martin Ryerson were the build- ing committee. Its location was about three miles west of the old log church, and in the township of Readington.il The first sermon in the new church was preached Oct. 7, 1739, by Dominie Frelinghuy- sen. Sept. 6, 1721, Emanuel Van Etten was elected elder, and Jan Lou deacon, in place of Jan Hendricksen and Abraham De la Meter. In 1722, Abraham De la Meter was chosen elder, and Volkert Dercksen deacon, in place of Jan Lou. In 1727, Andries Ten Eyck was chosen elder, and Pieter Van Neste deacon, and Emanuel Van Etten went out of office. To the fore- going were added, as elders or deacons, up to 1736, Thomas Bouman, Abraham Loth, Simon Van Ars- dalen, Dirck De Mott, Jan Van Neste. The minutes are continued regularly, and the yearly election of elders and deacons noted, until 1744, when Jan Van Neste, Abraham De la Meter, and Pieter Wortman were the elders, and Nicholas Wyckoflf, Jacob Ten Eyck, and Martin Ryerson deacons; but there is nothing more until 1750. What occurred in those six years we cannot know, only Dominie Frelinghuysen died in 1748, and his son succeeded him. The latter, Johannes Frelinghuysen, preached his first sermon in this church Aug. 10, 1750. His ministry lasted only g The Conferentie were not men of progress ; on the contrary, they reprobated the idea of independence from Holland, opposed bitterly any attempt to found an institution of learning, and would only have a min- istry from the Fatherland.— Dr. A. Messier. 1 About 1836 the name of the church was changed to " Readington." READINGTON. 497 for thjee and a half years, ■when he died. A minister could not be procured in Holland, and so there was no pastor for the ensuing four years. Then the young student of Frelinghuysen, Rev. Jacob Eutsen Har- denbergh, took his place. During the interval, how- ever, Dominie Fryenmoet (a fugitive minister from Wawarsing, N. Y.) preached several times, and there was a strong effort made to secure him as pastor of the associate churches. Still, they could not agree, and Dominie Fryenmoet went away. Hardenbergh was ordaiued in 1757, and was the first minister in the Dutch Church in America who had not been obliged to go to Holland for study, ex- amination, and licensure. His ministry embraced a period of twenty-five years. In 1781 he resigned his call and removed to Rosendale, N. Y. In 1783, Simeon Van Arsdale was called, and in May, 1784, he became the pastor.* His remains lie in the Readington churchyard, and on the tablet at the head of his grave is the following inscription : " In raemoTy of the Eev. Simeon Van Arsdale, who departed this life the 26th day of May, 1786, in the 33d year of his age. " Here lies entombed a servant of the Lord, A faithful preacher of his sacred word. Who now with Christ in glory is set down. Decked in white robes and honored with a crown." He was succeeded in 1786 by the Rev. Peter Stud- diford, who preached at Bedminster, in connection with Readington, until 1800, and then at Readington alone until his death. His ministry lasted about forty years, and was marked by large accessions of mem- bers.t He died Nov. 21, 1826, in the sixty-fourth year of his age, and his remains lie at Readington, by the side of those of D. Van Arsdale. The other pastors of this church have been Rev. John Van Liew, 1828-69; Rev. J. G. Van Slyke, 1869-70; Rev. J. H. Smock, 1870 to present time (1880). During the forty-three years' pastorate of Rev. Dr. Van Liew, 560 persons were welcomed to * The following is a minute from the church records of this date ; "Jan. 15, 1784, the Kev. Consistory of North Branch convened at the house of Jan Simonse, and was opened with prayer. " Article I. Was presented to the Kev. Consistory an offense given to the church by M., who in his own house has permitted the use of im- proper means (forbidden in God's Word), by a person bearing the name of sorcerer, for the recovery of a child said to be tormented by witch- craft. The said M., being present, did not, upon presentation of his accu- sation, show a sufficient knowledge of his transgression, whereupon the matter was postponed for consideration at the earliest meeting of Con- sistory. "Jan. 30, 1784, the Rev. Consistory met at the house of Edward Bnnn, opened with prayer. Article I. Was resumed the matter concerning M., taken into consideration at the last held meeting of Consistory, and the said M., being present, has' manifested a sufficient knowledge of his transgression, and thereupon has made confession out of which the Kev. Consistory has taken its satisfaction. "Article II. J. D., concerning whose child the above mentioned offense was presented, having also ignorantly fallen into the same error, and being addressed concerning it, has also, by a hearty confession, given complete satisfaction. His wife also has given satisfaction in this. Thus the peeting is closed with thanksgiving. " Testis. Simeon Van Aetsdalen, F. D. M. a H. 8., Prmses:' t See sketch on pages 263-54 of this work. , the communion of the church, and 1119 infants and 85 adults baptized. He died Oct. 18, 1869, and was entombed in the new cemetery near his church. He was born in 1798. From the church records are here reproduced the names of some of the early members : April 26, 1760, at the house of Andreas Ten Eyck, were admitted to the communion of the church, on confession of faith, Petrus Van Neste, Mattheus Ten Eyck, and Maria Van Arsdalen, wife of Dirck Sebring. Jan. 12, 1762, on confession, Nicholas Egbort and Jannetje Corse, wife of Edward Harrinton. Dec. 31, 1764, Derrick Sutphin and Petrus Nevius (from Bedminster), Cath- arine, wife of Edward Bunn, Neeltjie, wife of Abra- ham Montfort, Catharine, wife of Peter Sutphin. The new church at Readington was built in 1833 ; it stood thirty-one years. It was consumed by fire March 22, 1864, and replaced at once by the edifice now in use, 56 by 76 feet in size. It was dedicated July 20, 1865. Both these churches were built during the pastorate of John Van Liew, D.D. THE KEFOEMED DUTCH CHURCH OF KOCKAWAT was organized Jan. 10, 1792, at the house of Abraham Van Horn, by a committee from the Classis of New Brunswick. Revs. John Duryea and John M. Van Harlingen were present. This church "was origi- nally formed out of persons who had been connected with Readington, with a few families from Bedmin- ster, a few from the Presbyterian Church' of Laming- ton, and also a few from the Lutheran Church of New Germantown. It is first spoken of in the minutes of Synod in 1793 as a place in which religious services were rendered, and called Potterstown. John Duryea rendered a part-service there from 1800 to 1801, preach- ing in the barn of Abraham Van Horn. John Schure- man attended a catechetical class within the bounds of this congregation while he was at Bedminster."! This church was probably called the Potterstown Church because of the residence there of Cornelius Wyckoff", the first elder, whose family made up a very important part of the congregation, and whose earlier meetings were held at his house. The first Consistory chosen was: Elders, Cornelius Wyckofi", Sr., and Aaron Lane; Deacons, Henry Traphagen and George Covenhoven.? The first members re- ceived into the communion were Abraham Van Horn, Matthias Lane, John Wyckoff, Cornelius Wyc- koff", Jr., Gertrude Wyckoff, wife of A. Van Horn, Catharine Sutten, wife of John Wyckoff; and Altie Covenhoven, wife of Matthias Lane. Subsequently, and previous to 1808, were received into the church William Van Horn and Elizabeth, his wife; Sarah Van Horn, wife of Jacob Wyckoff; Cornelius W. Van Horn and Maria Suydam,^ his wife; Cornelia Wyckoff; Ghaertye Wyckoff; Lydia Barnet, wife of George Covenhoven; Abraham Ten J Kev. Abram Messler's " Historical Notes." g Book of Minutes. ^98 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Eyck; Abraham Van Doren and Rachel Babcock, his wife; Eleanor Montfert, Mary Johnson, Catha- rine Jfline, Catharine Adams, Cornelius Messier, Sr. (father of Rev. Abram Messier, D.D.), and Roelif 'Covenhoven. Of the thirty-five received under the ministry of Rev. Demarest, none now survive, John .Reger being the last to depart. Among later mem- bers we find, in addition to those before given, the family names of Van Houten, Voorhees, Smock, Brokaw, Space, Vescelius, Swackhamer, Nevius, Stryker, Nefi', Quick, Van Nest, Van Deventer, Dilley, Roelifson, Dumont, Emory, Melick, Young, Rodenbough, Sutphin, Van Vleet, Teunison, Lowe, Plumley, Johnson, Stillwell, Farlee; and Rebecca Van Cleef was the one hundredth person who joined ;the church, Oct. 29, 1820. The first minister was Rev. John Duryea, 1799- 1801 ;* Aug. 2, 1808, a call was made to Cornelius T. Demarest; he continued until 1813. Later this church united with the Lebanon Church, and called Jacob I. Schultz, who was installed Nov. 26, 1816. He preached on alternate Sabbaths in each church. His was the longest pastorate the church has had, — over eighteen years. His successors have been Revs. Peter S. Wil- liamson, 1835-39 ; James Otterson, 1840-45 ; Goyn Tal- mage, 1845-51 ; Lawrence Comfort, 1852-54 ; Aaron Lloyd, 1855-56 ; Smith Sturgis, 1857-63 ; Evert Van Slyke, 186'^66; William Bailey, 1868, still (1881) officiating. For fifteen years after the organization the congre- gation worshiped in Mr. Van Horn's barn, but in 1807 a church was commenced. The site was in Abra- ham Van Horn's orchard, not far from the historic barn, and midway between the old white house and the store of J. V. P. Wyokoff. William Van Horn deeded the land and funds were raised by subscrip- tions, aggregating $1200. As soon as the house was fairly inclosed its use was begun. It was not until 1819 that the " galleries were floored, seats put up," and the church completely finished. This house was used for more than forty years. In 1849 a "new and comfortable and most respectable house of worship" was erected. It was dedicated Jan. 10, 1850. The church has a desirable parsonage property, free from incumbrance. The White House Missionary Association was or- ganized in 1824, and is still in active operation. THE EEFOBMED DUTCH CHDECH, THHEE BRIDGES. This church is of recent date, having been organ- ized in 1874 ; it had no settled pastor until 1880. Pre- viously it depended upon the ministrations of neigh- boring preachers as stated supplies. The Rev. P. D. lOakley, D.D., who was teaching at Neshanic from 1870 to 1876, supplied the pulpit during the last three years of that period. Rev. Gilbert Lane officiated in * From 1792 uBtil 1808 the church -was supplied from the Classis of New Brunswick, and between 1801-8 the following served the church ; .lames 8. Cannon, William K. Smith, John S. Vredenburgh, and Ira Condit. 1877. Subsequently, and until quite recently, they were supplied by Rev. M. N. Oliver, of Clover Hill. The Rev. Edward Birdsall has been called as pastoi: of this church. The present membership (1881) is 81, and there are 100 pupils in the Sabbath-school. THE EEFOBMED DUTCH CHUECH OF STANTON was formed out of families who had been accustomed to attend divine worship at Readington, but the dis- tance made it inconvenient and burdensome, and led them to make an effi)rt to provide a more convenient place for themselves. This culminated, in 1833, in the formation of what was then called " The Dutch Reformed Church of Mount Pleasant." Its organiza- tion was efiected through the Classis of Philadelphia, October 15th of that year. Its original members were ' John M. Wyckoff, Josiah Cole and wife, Abraham and Margaret Anderson. The first Consistory was composed of John M. Wyckoff and Josiah Cole, elders, and Abraham Anderson, deacon. In 1834 they proceeded to build a house of worship. Revs. G. Ludlow, John Van Liew, and Jacob Kirkpatrick officiated at the laying of the corner-stone. The building was completed before the close of the year and dedicated, the same reverend gentlemen again taking part in the services. In June, 1835, the congregation presented a call to the candidate Jacob R. Van Arsdale. It was ac- cepted, and he was ordained and installed in October. April, 1850, he resigned and removed to Tyre, N. Y. He was followed by Rev. Horace Doolittle, who la- bored until 1872. His successor was Rev. Edward Cornet, who officiated until 1876, since which date Rev. Abraham J. Martine has had charge, and is the present incumbent. This church from small beginnings has grown to fair proportions, having in 1872 reported 70 families and 140 communicants. THE MEOHANICSVILLB METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHTJRCH.t The first traces of Methodism in Mechanicsville and White House take us back to the early part of the century. The first definite knowledge of services here dates to about 1836, when Rev. John Lenhart, subsequently lost on the " Cumberland," in Hampton Roads, and James 0. Rodgers, still in the work, were appointed to the Flemington Circuit, of which this was a part. They preached at stated intervals in a school-house located a short distance along the ridge east of Mechanicsville. Class-meetings were held, and Father Mendham, now sleeping in the Mechan- icsville cemetery, is remembered as a, class-leader in those days. After a year or two the Germantown Circuit was formed, with which this place was incor- porated. About 1838, Rev. Curtis Talley preached here. The first board of trustees consisted of Judge Isaiah Large, George Hall, John Hall, William Iliff, and J. S. Van Horn. ■\ By Rev. J. A. Kingsbury. READINGTON. ■49& In 1844, Eey. Wesley Robertson traveled the cir- cuit. He held a meeting in a grove, then standing on the north side of the turnpike, where now is the centre of the village. There were about forty con- versions, including several prominent citizens who subsequently became pillars in the church, among whom were Thomas Applegate, Dr. Scott, and John and Peter Ditmars. Dr. Scott furnished the society with land, and quite a sum of money was raised on subscription, for the new edifice. Rev. Abraham Owens came next ; he preached at the beginning in the upper part of a blacksmith-shop located about where that of E. K. Ward, Esq., now stands. He caused the erection of the first church. The location was on the south side of the turnpike, at the lower or eastern end of the village, where the cemetery now stands. The building was plain, with- out spire, and cost (including work and materials given) about $1600. About 1850, Rev. Benjamin Kelley was sent to the circuit. His labors at Mechanicsville were crowned with great success. A revival occurred, during which about 100 were converted. During the next few years preachers came and went in the order of their appointment, and small revivals occurred which gradually swelled the membership of the church. The circuit was reduced in size until New Germantown and Mechanicsville were alone together, the parsonage being situated at the former place. Rev. W. W. Voorhies came to the charge in 1866, and remained for only one year. A notable revival occurred during the year, resulting in the conversion of about 100. This large accession led to a desire for a new and larger church. Rev. Martin Herr followed on the charge, and through his energetic zeal the present large and beautiful building was erected. The old church was sold and removed, and the lot, which had been considerably enlarged, was made into a burial-ground. A new property somewhat farther west and more central, on the opposite side of the street, was purchased. The church cost about $10,500, and was dedicated Dec. 26, 1867. In 1869, Mechanicsville was severed from New Ger- mantown. About 1872 the church was damaged by a high wind to such an extent as to require $1500 for repairs. During the second year of the ministry of Rev. A. Van Deusen (autumn of 1877) another large revival occurred, and before its close about 120 professed conversion. The present pastor. Rev. J. A. Kings- bury, came here in the spring of 1879. The present membership is about 250. A Sunday-school has been in operation since the first edifice was occupied. The society has long been burdened with debt, but for the past few years, through a kind legacy of $1000, und earnest labor and economy, it has been cut down very considerably. THE CEKTEEVILLB METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUEOH. ' The first preaching in any way connected with this- society was by Rev. David Walters, then stationed at Flemington. He commenced a series of meetings in the school-house near the village, and the result was nearly 100 conversions. The meetings were com- menced in the early part of March, 1869, and con- tinued until the meeting of the Newark Conference. Rev. Walters was returned to Flemington, and continued to preach in the school-house, on a week- day evening, once a week during the year. Before leaving for Conference he had organized a society, known as the " Centreville Methodist Episcopal So- ciety," and appointed J. A. Craig the first class- leader. He had also taken steps towards securing the building of a church edifice. The land was donated by David Van Fleet, Esq., of Flemington (the deed bearing date of Feb. 14, 1870), along with a subscription of $200 and the stone for the founda- tion. Subscriptions were solicited and paid in, so that in March the church was erected, and dedicated, on the 10th of that month, very nearly clear of debt. Its cost was about $3000, including furniture. The trustees were David Van Fleet, Charles M. Ball, Hiram Huff, William Van Fleet, Oliver H. Smith, Peter D. Thatcher, and Jacob A. Craig. Among those who had previously served was Eldridge Green. Rev. John Davis was the first preacher in charge ; his pastorate was during 1870-71. Bro. Albert Van Deusen supplied regularly for the following year, while stationed at Readington and Allerton. He was fol- lowed by Frederic Bloom, local preacher, 1873-74. In 1875 no services were held, except prayer- and class-meetings, until September, when Bro. James Perkins (local) supplied the pulpit. The next spring he was returned by the Conference, and remained until Dec. 1, 1876, when Rev. J. A. Craig was as- signed to this charge in connection with Mount Ziou Church. He remained three years, leaving in the spring of 1879. Rev. Thomas Sharp was his suc- cessor, serving in 1879, and being returned for his second year in the spring of 1880, but supplying the two churches named above. There has been a Sabbath-school in connection with the church since its first organization. The church started with a membership of about 60, and now num- bers about 100. The Rev. J. A. Craig, from whom much of the above history has been obtained, is now a student at Drew Seminary. THE GEOVB METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUKCH OP EBAD- INGTON. This church is located near Barley Sheaf, in Read- ington township. Of its early history it seems diffi^ cult to gather much that is definite or satisfactory. The Rev. Mr. Weed, Rev. John Creamer, and his as- sistant, Isaac Winner, all preachers on the Trenton Circuit as early as 1824, officiated about that date for this society, preaching in the old school-house at the 500 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. "Grove" once a month.. Winner at that time was but a youth and unmarried. Mr. Weed was a faith- M worker, and was successful in gathering a small flock at the Grove. To John Creamer is due, prob- ably, the honor of really establishing this church upon a substantial footing, for success crowned his efforts. Asher Atkinson, one of the first converts to Method- ism in the township, was an active member of this church. He gave the land upon which their first edifice was built, and assisted materially in putting up the first meeting-house, which was a small, one- story structure, with a board ceiling.* It stood about 200 yards south from the present church. A few grave-stones on the easterly side mark its site. This church had a nominal existence very early in this century. The Shurts and Egbert families had preaching in their homes occasionally during the latter part of the last century. The name of Nicholas Egbert, and his Christian character, were fi-equently .spoken of fifty years ago. He became a leader in the denomination in this section. The old church — the pioneer Methodist church in the township — was replaced by a new one in 1854, as is shown by an old book of record of its trustees. Jacob P. Dailey was preacher in charge at that time. July 18, 1854, it was " Resolved, That we circulate subBcriptiooB to obtain money to build a new church in thia place, according to a resolution of the last Quarterly Meeting." October 27th the sum of $1135 was reported sub- scribed. Proposals for the erection of the church were received, and that of Asa R. Dilts accepted. The church then built was 36 by 50 feet in size, 18-feet posts, with an end gallery. Peter S. Dailey was sec- retary of the board of trustees. He and John B. Sharp, both now residing at Flemington, were for- merly and for many years members of this church. Revs. Lenhart and Ashbrook were among the early and successful preachers of the Grove Church. This and the Allertown Church (Clinton township) are now united under one charge. SCHOOLS. The eleven school-houses of this township are val- ued at $13,500, and will comfortably seat 800 pupils. The number of children of school age in the town- ship is given as 941, of whom 770 were enrolled in the school registers during 1879, and of which num- ber the average attendance during the time school was kept was 350. The schools of this township were kept open an average of nearly ten months during 1879, with four male and eight female teachers, at an average sa,lary per nionth of $35.25 for the former, and $31.32 for the latter! ' The amount of money received in 1879 was $4677.09 from all sources. * Mr. Atkinson subsequently removed to AUentown, N. J., and died ■there. The following history of the schools of Readington township is drawn from the manuscript " History of Schools of Hunterdon County," by C. S. Conkling, prepared in 1876, while officiating as county school superintendent, and from the contributions of Judge Joseph Thompson and others. The first house in "Stanton" (District No. 69) was built in 1802. Asher Stout was the first teacher. This school was first called "Housel's Free School," in memory of Jacob Housel, who left $200 to the trus- tees by will, the interest to be applied to the educa- tion of the poor children of the neighborhood.f This fund by some means dwindled, and in 1844 the school was merged in the district school. In that year a constitution was drawn for the government of the Stanton (then Mount Pleasant) school. Feb. 19th, an association was formed and certain articles signed by several persons (whose names are given by the clerk), and on April 1st the first board was elected, — viz., Peter A. Kline, William Wagner, Anthony Harsel, James Osborn, and John Britton. In 1849 the number was changed to three. The present building was erected in 1848^9. It is a frame, 20 by 30 feet, and will seat 60 pupils. It appears that the present edifice is the third that has served "Three Corners" (District No. 70). The first two were both small frame buildings, but their immediate locality and date of erection are not known. The present house was built in 1866, a frame, 24 by 34 feet, and will seat 60 pupils. The first trustees were Bergen Davis, Jacob J. Kline, and Peter Emory. The board in 1876 consisted of David R. Emory, George Stillwell, and Joseph Lindsley. The first teacher was George W. Noel ; the present (1880) incumbent is Mary Wells. "Station" (District No. 71) school is at White House station. In 1850 a public meeting was held with a view of securing better school accommodations, the outgrowth of which was the erection of the "District of White House Station," being set oft from Drea Hook and White House, which was then known as No. 11. It was resolved to build a suitable school-house with as little delay as possible. A lot was donated to the district by A. L. Voorhees, to which the people added by purchase. The building committee consisted of B. Dumont, A. V. Evergole, and A. Pickel. The building was speedily erected, — a small frame structure. This district was enlarged in 1871 by additions by the county superintendent. The present building was erected in 1871-72, and is 28 by 40 feet, two stories high, and one of the best in the county. John G. Van Houten, a gentleman much advanced in life, and who attended the first school taught in "White House" (District No. 72) in 1808, kindly furnishes the following : t Pre-vious tb 1838 no boundary-lines of the districts were established. The people paid their own school bills, no school taxes being levied by READINGTON. 501 " The flist school-house was built in 180S, was 16 by 24,.10-foot posts, ceiling 7^ feet, and cost $100. It was seated with slab benches. The firat trustees were Beuben Guild, Dennis Wyckoff, and Nicholas Still- well. The first teacher was Cornelius Bodine, a MaBsachosetts man." The above-mentioned house was used until 1835, when another was built, 18 by 28, two stories high. This had board desks, with slab seats, and cost $500. The second building served until 1871, when the house now standing was erected. It is 26 by 88, two stories, and the two rooms are seated with the most approved patent desks. The cost of house, lot, etc., was $3459.50. The school-house which preceded the present one in " Cold Brook" (District No. 73) was a stone build- ing, erected in 1828, at which time the trustees were Nicholas Wyckoff, David R. Conover, Mathias Dil- ley, John Haas, Jr., and John Rodenbaugh. This house stood at Cold Brook, one mile from Potters- town. There was, however, an earlier school-house, near the site of the one above mentioned, and the first erected in the district. When built is not known. The house now in use — ^the third in the district — was erected in 1869, is a frame building, 22 by 82, with a seating capacity for 50 scholars. In " Pleasant Run" (District No. 74) the first school- building was erected during the latter part of the eighteenth century, and was situated about half a mile from the present one. The next house was far- ther south, and was built in the early part of this century. It was small (18 by 22), and its seats were arranged around the sides of the room. The house now in use was built about 1838. It has nearly fulfilled its mission, and must soon give way to a larger and better structure. April 2, 1831, at the request of David D. Schamp, Jacob Q. CarkhufF, David O. Cole, T. S. La Tourette, and Tunis Cole, trustees, Joseph Thompson drafted a constitution, which was adopted by the inhabitants then convened. Reuben Chamberlin was the first teacher who subscribed to the rules, April 17, 1832 ; Rodney T. Hyde appended his name, and was the teacher in 1835. The school-house lot was leased to the district, and afterwards devised by Ezekiel Cole, Sr. His son, Ezekiel E. Cole, deeded the play-grounds, lying between the road and the brook, to the district, for a nominal consideration. In "The Ridge" (District No. 75) the first house, a frame, was located a little east of the present one. Another house was erected near the then residence of William Brokaw. It was vacated, and a new one built about 1828. The present house was erected about 1850 ; it is 24 by 32 feet in size. In "Readington" (District No. 76) it is said there was a school near the village, a short distance north- west of the mill, long before the Revolution. The earliest record existant (evidently a copy of the origi- nal) is dated Aug. 4, 1804. When a meeting of the employers was held, the following persons incorporated themselves as " The Holland Brook School :" Abraljam Post, Peter Quick, Isaac Berkaw, William Dalley, Wil- liam Spader, Cornelius Van Horn, Abraham Smock, Andrew Mattis, Adrian Stryker, Peter Ten Brook, Wm. Ditmars, Derrick De Mott. Having elected five of their number trustees, they caused their proceedings to be recorded in " Registry of Special Deeds for the County of Hunterdon" (vol. i. folio 95), and adopted a constitution and laws for the government of them- selves and the school, and defining the duties of the teacher, who was required to sign his name to an agreement to comply with said rules, whereby we have the names of the teachers employed from 1806 to 1854, the first being that of Tunis Ten Eyck.* In 1854 the practice of signing the rules was aban- doned. The seventh rule seems strange to our ears at this time, but may have been important then ; it reads thus : " It shall be the duty of the teacher to refrain from spirituous liquors while engaged in this school, and uot to enter the school-house while intoxicated, nor lose any time through such intemperance." The boundary -lines of the district were established in May, 1838, by Isaiah P. Large, Joseph Thompson, Washington Skillman, school committee of Reading- ton, and R. S. Smith, T. A. Hartwell, A. Martin, of Bridgewater. With a few alterations, the boundaries still remain the same. The school-house was a wooden structure 16 by 20 feet, with a low board ceiling, located at the site of the present house, "where three highways do meet," on the southwest side of Holland's Brook, with the play- grounds in the roads, as at present. The house was erected in the eighteenth century. In 1839 it was unanimously resolved to build a new house; Bergun Berkaw, John Morehead, Jr., and Aaron Lane, Jr., were appointed the building committee. The cost of erection was $754.58, a part thereof being paid in timber and work. This house, the one now in use, is a two-story building, of good size, but one floor only being used for school purposes. Jan. 10, 1840, Dr. Josiah Quimby, John C. Lane, and Joseph Thompson were appointed a committee to draft a new constitution, which was adopted April 6, 1840, and ordered to be recorded. In 1851, in ac- cordance with a supplement to the school act, the boundaries of the district were defined by Joseph Thompson, superintendent of Readington, George W. Vroom, of Branchburg, and Lewis Kiple, Herman Hageman, and John S. Berger, trustees of the school, and the name changed to " Readington School," the boundaries of which are recorded in vol. iii. of special deeds, Hunterdon County, pp. 130-32. A new consti- tution was adopted June 30, 1851, and is still in force. * The " old people" of fifty years ago used to speak of John White and John Mehelm as excellent teachers in the school in the last century. Among the teachers between 1818 and 1830, Harry B. ^nox and William Armstrong were probably the best, and made a good reputation as in- structors. Knox was a native of Connecticut, married Sarah Egbert, of Keadington, and removed to Steuben Co., N. Y. Armstrong was a native of Washington Co., N. J., to which place he returned. 502; HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. The present teacher is Joanna F. Wack; present trustees, Dr. Thomas Johnson, John Van Fleet, and Talbot C. Guliok, the last named being clerk of the ■district. " CentreTille" (District No. 77) has had three sev- eral school-houses ; the time of the erection of the first two is unknown. All that can be learned is that Edward Wilmoth was an early teacher. The present building, at Centreville, 22 by 30, a frame structure, was erected in 1851, and repaired in 1875. There are seating accommodations for 50 pupils. To the Hon. Joseph Thompson, of Eeadington, we are indebted for much of the history of the schools of " Three Bridges" (District No. 78). He says that in 1813, when he first went to school, "the old house stood on the north side of the Old York Road, at the point where the road branches towards Taylor's (now Kershow's) Mills, and was known as the school at Van Fleet's Corner. This house was 16 by 16 feet, 8-feet posts. The walls were lined with boards to the height of 4 feet, and writing-tables were fastened to them on three sides. The seats were slabs from the saw-mill, supported by legs of hickory 2 feet in length. All the seats were destitute of backs. The ceiling was of unplaned oak boards, laid on beams 8 inches thick. The teachers of that time were generally English, Scotch, or Irish, with a few stray Yankees. The former were good penmen, and the Irish good arithmeticians. Grammar and geography were not taught, except in a few instances, and for extra pay. The teacher collected his own bills for tuition, which were from $1 to $1.25 per scholar for a term of thirteen weeks. Every alternate Saturday was a holiday. The teachers boarded with their employers ^ro rata. About 1840 a new building was erected, on the site •of the old one. A solitary elm marks the place of the old school-houses which have been superseded by the beautiful and convenient edifice at Three Bridges. Early teachers were Oliver Dunleavy, Henry B. Mendham, William Bailey, and George Hamilton; and early trustees were John Hoagland, George Vlere- bome, and John T. Van Fleet, grandfather of the present vice-chancellor. The present building, 24 by 40 feet, is in every way in marked contrast with the old houses. It has a com- manding situation, and is the pride of the district. In "The Grove" (District No. 79), a school-house was standing on the lands of George Biggs, not far from the site of the present building, in 1776. It is said that Henry Mendham was an early teacher, and George Sharp one of the oldest trustees. There are reported to have existed within the bounds of this district four school-houses, but the date cannot be given. The present building is in size 18 by 30 feet. SOCaBTIBS AND CORPORATIONS. In 1827 a society was organized after the plan of the one instituted at Amwell the previous year. Its title was the " Eeadington, Tewksbury, and Lebanon Society for the Suppression of Vice and Immorality, and for the Promotion of Virtue and Good Morals." In its constitution its principal object was stated to be " to carry into full effect the salutary laws of the State against vice and immorality by aiding the civil authorities," and every member was pledged " to em- ploy his infiuence and exertions to attain this object," but " in no cases shall legal coercion be resorted to except those in which persuasion, admonition, and other mild measures are found ineifectual." The first ofiicers of the society were : President, David Tra- phagen; Vice-President, Garret V. Stryker; Secretary, William Johnson ; Treasurer, Lucas Voorhees ; Man- agers, William Johnson, William Eockafellar, Abram A. Johnson, Martin Wyckofi', Jr., Capt. Cornelius Ten Eyck, Joseph Cratz, David M. Kline, C. Van Nostrand, J. Mitchell, Philip Alpaugh, Esq., John Haas, Esq., Isaac Dumont, Conrad Rarick, Henry Miller, Jr., Nicholas Wyckoff, William J. Alpaugh, Peter P. Schamp, Joseph Van Doren, Martin Nevius, and John Eeger. How long this society existed is not known. " The Farmers' Mutual Fire Assurance Association of New Jersey" was chartered March 3, 1856, by the . State Legislature to insure dwelling-houses, school- houses, churches, mechanic-shops, barns, etc., with or without their contents, against loss or damage by fire or lightning. Twenty-two persons were named as the incorporators, the charter to continue at the pleasure of the Legislature. The directors appointed by the charter were nine : Isaac E. Srope, David Davis, Peter E. Voorhees, Tunis V. M. Cox, John P. Eittenhouse, and Nelson Thatcher, of Hunterdon County; John S. Hoagland, Andrew Fleming, and James Ten Eyck, of Somerset County. The company commenced business April 26, 1856, with $120,000 worth of property insured. The first officers (ap- pointed April 26, 1856) were Peter E. Voorhees, President ; Andrew Fleming, Treasurer ; Joseph Thompson, Secretary. The increase has been gradual, and, from the state- ment on file in the office of the Secretary of State at Trenton, the company on Dec. 31, 1879, had $12,682,434 worth of property insured, extending over the counties of Hunterdon, Somerset, Middlesex, Mercer, Morris, Sussex, and Warren. At the same date the losses had been 323, vaiying in amount from $3 to $3000. The company is out of debt, and has over $3000 in the treasury. The present officers are David Davis, President; T. V. M. Cox, Vice-President ; Calvin Corle, Treasurer ; Joseph Thompson, Secretary ; Aaron J. Thompson, Assistant Secretary ; David Davis, T. V. M. Cox, Wm. P. Johnson, Peter P. Quick, Henry F. Bodine, Andrew Van Sickle, and Moses Eobbins, of Hunterdon; 0. N. Dumont, Calvin Corle, and C. Nelson Staats, of Somerset ; David W. Dellisher, of Morris ; William Eamsey, of Warren ; Thomas Armstrong, of Sussex, Dirwtors. ■I^nqi-by AS.RitO ^oiL^ ^£^ EEADINGTON. 5031 CEMETERIES. There are burial-places connected with all the churches in the township except the Centreville Methodist Episcopal, also very many family burial- grounds, some of quite early origin. -A little to the northeast of the Wyckoflf homestead are the relics of the old family burying-ground, the fragments of a few headstones alone marking the site. From these, in 1873, it was deciphered that " Cornelius Wyckoff, Sr., died April 4, 1796, in the 81st year of his age," and his wife " Elizabeth, May 1, 1799, in her 80th year." An important cemetery is that at Pleasant Run, on what was formerly the Emans farm, now the prop- erty of James N. Pidcock. It was used as a place of interment by the people of Readington township gen- erally, and is one of the earliest within her limits. It is still occasionally used. In it repose the remains of many of the Biggs, Coles, Schamp, Van Fleet, and Emans families. Adjoining the White House station is an ancient ground which about 1850 was inclosed with a stone wall by the descendants of the Van Horns, Pickels, Covenhovens, Andersons, etc., whose ancestors were buried there. The graves of George Anderson and a few others are marked by red sandstone slabs with still legible inscriptions. The Smith burial-ground is located on the farm first settled by John Henry Smith, at the foot of the mountain, near the source of the Pleasant Run. In it he and various of his descendants lie buried. On the road from Readington to Drea Hook is the Schamp family cemetery. Directly west, and adjoin- ing, is a very old burial-place, now disused and ne- glected. On the north side of the road, directly op- posite, is the burial-lot of the De Mott, Decker, and Vroom families. This is also in a dilapidated condi- tion. The burial-ground of the Readington Reformed Church was opened in 1804. John Ditmars, Sr., erected the fence around it, and was the first person buried there. His son, Capt. John, followed soon after. Prior to 1804 the church had a cemetery about one-quarter of a mile from the present one ; it was located on land then owned by Casper Berger, now the property of William Fitch. Since the opening of the new yard the old one has not been used, and is much neglected. INDUSTRIAL. Jacob Klein, the grandfather of the John who is mentioned elsewhere in this work, was a tanner and currier, and three of his sons carried on the business in this township: John William, on the original homestead; Peter, on the farm adjoining on the west; and Aaron, near Drea Hook. Other descendants con- tinued the business on Campbell's Brook, near Cushe- tunk Mountain; but it has long been abandoned. In 1828, Washington Skillman notified the public that he would " continue the business of wool-carding the present season, at the well-known stand of Nich- olas Stilwell, at the White House." William Corwine removed from Cushetunk Moun- tain to Readington Church in 1829, and With Mr. Cozine (firm of Cozine & Corwine) engaged in the manufacture of " double spread, diaper, carpet, etc." At Mechanicsville, in 1829, George Hall opened a shop for " cabinet- and plough-making, wheelwright- ing, blacksmithing, and painting," Ephraim Parker a saddlery and harness-shop, and William Risler a,' tailor-shop. More than one hundred years ago Michael Kinney had an apple-distillery near the middle of the town- ship, on Holland's Brook ; his son and grandson after- wards added a rye-distillery. There was another, near the foot of Cushetunk Mountain, west of White House station, and one at Centreville ; afterwards one was erected on the farm east of White House, now owned by Theodore Polhemus, another near Pleasant Run store, and one north from The Grove Methodist Episcopal church. They all did a thriving business in their day. The only one now in operation is near Pleasant Run post-office. The "Readington Mining Company," which in 1847 was carrying on mining operations at the copper mines, four miles north of Flemington, like most of the other mining companies of this section, soon sus- pended operations, and since has been dormant. From 1820-25 considerable excitement was created by the discovery of mineral springs near the source of Campbell's Brook. Buildings were erected, grounds improved and cleared, and it appeared for a while that they would rival Schooley's Mountain Springs. Though the waters were pronounced by chemists to be of much benefit in certain diseases, the supply was limited, and the speculation was a failure. Summer boarders from the city, at White House and vicinity, still visit the place and drink of the waters. EARLY ROADS. A road leading by the New Mills, built by Andrew Leake, in Readington township, was laid in 1761, " beginning at a black-oak on the main road leading from New Germantown, and along lands of Andrew Ten Eyck, along by a wheat-field," etc. On petition of James Stout, during the same year, November 6th, a two-rod road was laid out, " beginning at a four-rod road against Peter Rockafellow's house, running across said Rockafellow's land as the beaten path runs to James Stout's land, thence across Stout's land to Stout's mill." The commissioners who laid out these roads were Thomas Atkinson, Morris Wolverton, Winant Vandeventer, and Isaac De Mott.* MILITARY. Joseph Hankinson was a soldier of the Revolution. He subsequently was a member of the Legislature « " Traditions of our Ancestors," 1870. 504 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. and of Congress. He died in Eeadington, Nov. 30, 1825, aged eighty-one. His descendants still live on the homestead farm, in the southwest part of the township. Col. David Schamp, who was engaged in the battle of Trenton, was the second son of Hendrick Schamp ; he was a captain in the secret service of Gen. Wash- ington. He lived on Pleasant Eun, in a house a part of which is still standing, and occupied by his grand- son, David Schamp. His wife was Helena Hoffman, daughter of Johannes Hofiman, a large landholder near Metler's Mills. Other Revolutionary worthies from this township : FuLkert Voorhees, Jacobus Aray (colored), Adrian Johnson, Peter Latourette, and Cornelius Latourette were in the Continental service ; in the militia were Lieut. Abram Post, Lieut, (or Ensign) Abraham Ten Eyck, Jacob Neff, and Capt. Cornelius Lane. Eeadington did its fall share in sustaining the government during the war of the Eebellion. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. JAMES N. PIDCOCE. James Nelson Pidcock, the subject of this sketch, was born at Mechanicsville, N. J., Feb. 8, 1836. He is descended from an English family who settled in New Jersey at an early date, and is a son of John G. Pidcock, whose wife's maiden name was Eamsey. His parents,' when he was about five years of age, re- moved to Lebanon, Hunterdon Co., N. J., where he was brought up till about the age of thii-teen and attended the public schools. About this time he left school and went to work with a corps of engineers on the Belvidere Delaware Eailroad, where he was en- gaged till 1851, and so profited by his experience that he was able, upon going South, to take charge of the construction of a section (twenty-five miles in length) of the Mobile and Ohio Eailroad, situated in the State of Mississippi. This work he carried on suc- cessfully, notwithstanding the deleterious effect of the climate, till the financial panic of 1857 so damaged the immediate prospects of the company that he re- signed his position and came home. He soon after became a member of the firm of William E. Henry & Co., and took a contract to build several miles of the Allentown and Auburn Railroad. The financial disaster also impeded the progress of this road, and the company being obliged to suspend operations, he and his partner lost heavily, but paid all their in- debtedness. During the remainder of that disastrous year, in- stead of remaining idle and complaining of hard times, he planned new enterprises, and, in company with J. E. Voorhees and J. F. Wyckoff", engaged largely in the purchase of clothing at forced sales in New York, disposing of the purchases by wholesale and at auction through the country. These operations resulted in handsome profits. Engaging next in busi- ness as drover and stock-dealer, his profits largely in- creased until 1861, when, owing to the embarrassment caused by the first stage of the war, he lost all he had saved during the preceding prosperous years, and had literally to commence business anew, with no other capital than his characteristic energy and persever- ance. He chose to remain in the stock trade, and did so with fair success till 1865, when, in company with J. N. Eamsey and Richard Bellis, he commenced business in New York and Jersey City as live-stock commission merchant. He continued in this way till 1868, losing in the mean time eighteen thousand dollars through the defalcation of a bookkeeper in the employ of the firm, and then became sole pro- prietor of the business, which, under his enterprising and judicious management, became one of the largest of the kind in New York and vicinity, averaging three hundred thousand head of live-stock, sheep, and lambs a year, and comprising, besides the large local trade, heavy consignments from the South and West. In 1875 he entered into copartnership with Mr. Philip S. Kase, under the firm-name of Kase & Pid- cock. The present headquarters of the business are at the Central Stock-Yards of Jersey City. In politics Mr. Pidcock is a Democrat, but previous to 1873 took no part as a candidate for any office. In that year he was the regular nominee of the Demo- cratic party for the office of State senator, and was defeated by Hon. F. A. Potts, the Republican candi- date. He was again nominated in 1876, and elected by a majority of sixteen hundred and seventy-five votes. He is largely interested in real estate in the vicinity of White House, Hunterdon Co., the place of his famil}' residence. He has been largely instru- mental in the improvement of the village, selling property on time for building purposes, and advanc- ing purchasers a large part of the money necessary to erect buildings thereon. He was married in 1862 to- Fanny A. Faulks, of Elizabeth, N. J. BERIAH A. WATSON, M.D. Beriah A. Watson, M.D., was born at Lake George,. Warren Co., N. Y., on the 26th of March, 1836. He is the third son of Perry and Maria (Place) Watson, — the former a native of Rhode Island and son of Perry Watson, Sr., who participated in the battle of Bunker Hill. In early youth he removed to Green- wich, Washington Co., N. Y., where his wife was born, and where he followed the occupation of a farmer in that and the adjoining county of Warren. Here the subject of our sketch was early made acquainted with farm labor ; but, having a decided preference for study, he was allowed to attend school more than J;he Salazy J^Ji.Ca PhJAi^ ^. /^ ^^(.^(.Cc^x^^ i^.^. KEADINGTON. 505 ordinary winter months devoted to the education of farmers' boys. He was soon placed in the family of Jonathan Streeter, an intelligent Quaker of that lo- cality, where he enjoyed uncommon advantages for mental discipline and for that orderly and systematic pursuit of knowledge which laid the foundation of his future success as a student and medical writer. He spent two years in this Quaker family, then taught school to acquire the means of prosecuting his future studies. At the age of twenty-one he entered the office of the late Dr. James Reiley, at Suckasunny, Morris Co., N. J., where he studied medicine, and in the autumn of 1859 entered the Medical Department of the University of New York, where he took his de- gree of Doctor of Medicine in the spring of 1861. After graduation he located at White House, N. J., where he practiced for a short time. In the fall of 1862 he entered the United States service as a con- tract surgeon, after having passed an examination before the board of examiners, appointed by the Surgeon-General U.S.A., of which Dr. Valentine Mott was president, and was ordered to report for duty September 1st, at Newark, where he was en- gaged in the army hospital service until March 26, 1863. He then received a commission from Governor Parker as assistant .surgeon of the Fourth New Jersey Volunteers, and reported promptly to the comman- dant of his regiment, but very soon after was de- tached from that command and ordered to report to Dr. Asch, medical director of the Artillery Reserve, and by him directed to take charge of the artillery brigade then located at Falmouth, Va. He remained with that command until after the battle of Gettys- burg, when he received orders to return to his regi- ment (the Fourth New Jersey), of which he was com- missioned surgeon, with the rank of major, November 4th. Shortly after this he was detailed as one of the operating surgeons to the First Brigade, First Divis- ion of the Sixth Army Corps, stationed in front of Petersburg, Va., at this time. In this capacity he had served but a few months when he was ordered to take charge of the First Di- vision, Sixth Army Corps Hospital, and at the same time made acting, medical purveyor of the corps. He retained these positions, and continued to discharge the duties until the close of the war, retiring from the service July 10, 1865. Returning to civil life, he made choice of Jersey City as his future residence, and resumed the prac- tice of his profession. Although actively engaged in practice, he still finds time for study, and very few men of any period of life enter into it with more ardor. The passage of the act legalizing dissection of human cadavera in this State was secured principally through his efibrts and those of his friend. Dr. J. D. McGill. The same may be said in regard to the formation of the New Jersey Academy of Medicine. He is a fellow of the New Jersey Academy of Med- icine ; permanent member of the American Medical Association ; member of the New York Neurological Society, New York Pathological Society, New Jersey Microscopical Society, and also of the Jersey City Pathological Society. He has been president of the New Jersey Academy of Medicine, and also of the District Medical Society for the county of Hudson, N. J. He was appointed attending surgeon to the Jersey City Charity Hospital at the time of its organ- ization, in 1869, and was also appointed attending surgeon to the St. Francis Hospital in 1873, and still continues to discharge the duties of both positions. He has from time to time contributed essays and reports of cases to medical journals, among which may be mentioned the following : " A Case of Facial Neu- ralgia treated by Extirpation of the Superior Max- illary Nerve," The Medical Record, Oct. 16, 1871. " A Case of Hsematoma of the Thigh — Two Opera- tions ; Death," The Medical Record, Feb. 20, 1875. " The Pathology and Treatment of Chronic Ulcers,'' New Yori: Medical Journal, Jnlj, 1875. "A Supposed Case of Rabies Canina treated with Strychnia and Woorara ; Recovery," The American Journal of Medi- cal Science, July, 1876. " Femoral Aneurism treated by Plugging the Sac ; Death, caused by Hemorrhage from Deep Epigastric Artery, on the Eighteenth Day ; Autopsy ; Remarks," The American Journal of Medi- cal Science, October, 1876. " Stomach-Pump, Aspira- tor, and Syringe,'' The Medical Record, New York, vol. ii. p. 805. " Woorara in Rabies : Report of Two Cases, with Remarks," The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, vol. Ixxiii. p. 413. " Lever Exsection-Saw," The Medical Record, New York, vol. xiii. p. 38. " Dis- cotome," Ibid., vol. xiv. p. 78. " Gunpowder Disfigure- ments," The St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. XXXV. p. 145. " Pysemia and Septicaemia," JVew York Medical Journal, vol. xxvi. pp. 367, 461. "Dis- ease Germs : their Origin, Nature, and Relation to Wounds," Transactions of the American Medical Asso- ciation, vol. xxix. p. 263. Translation from German, "Woorara in Tetanus" (extract from a " Contribution to the Knowledge of Tetanus," by A. E. Kneoht, Physician to the Prison of Waldheim, reported in Schmidt's Jahrbiicher, band, clxxiii. ? 94), New York Medical Journal, vol. xxvii. p. 626. "Remarks on Treatment of Stumps after Amputation: a New Method," London Lancet, vol. i. (1879) p. 536. Teanslations from the French. — " New Mode of Surgical Treatment" ("Histoire de la Chirurgie Franqaise," par le Docteur Jules Rochard, Edit. 1875, p. 635, et seq.), St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. xxxvi. p. 442; vol. xxxvii. pp. 23, 439; vol. xxxviii. p. 478 ; vol. xxxix. p. 484. " A Contribution to the Treatment of Compound Fractures of the Skull," Richmond and Louisville Medical Journal, vol. xxviii. p. 1. "Antiseptic Treatment of Wounds: Carbolic Acid vs. Alcohol," The Medical Record, New York^ vol. xvi. p. 46. "The Proper Period for the Per- formance of Amputation in Cases of Traumatic In- juries," Gillard's Medical Journal, vol. xxx. p. 1 (for- 50^ HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. merly the Richmond and Louisville Medical Journal'). "A Contribution to the Study of the Action of the Carbolized Spray in the Antiseptic Treatment of Wounds," The American Journal of the Medical Sci- ences, vol. Ixxx. p. 419. JOHN KLINE. The subject of this brief memoir was born near New Germantown, Hunterdon Co., N. J., on the 8th day of August, a.d. 1784. He was the grandson of Jacob Kline, who was born in Germany, March 6, 1714, and Fraenica Gertraut Melick, born at Lan- daflf, Wurtemberg, Germany, Dec. 9, 1727. They emigrated to America, and settled at Keadington, on the farm where the subject of this sketch spent eighty- three years of his life (from 1796 to 1880). Jacob Kline was for many years a justice of the peace of the county of Hunterdon ; his docket, kept in the German language, is now in the possession of Lewis Vandoren, of Peapack, N. J. He died A.D. 1789, and was buried in the Lutheran cemetery, at New Germantown. His widow, Fraenica Gertraut, died A.D. 1801, at the house of her daughter, at Ger- mantown, Pa. They had sis sons and three daugh- ters. The sons, as well as the father, were not only agriculturists, but tanners and curriers also. Their eldest son, John William Kline, was born Jan. 5, 1750. He married Altje, daughter of Matthias Smock and Geertje Post, Jan. 24, 1780. They had one daugh- ter, Charity Kline, born Nov. 6, 1780, married Henry Van Derveer, May 12, 1799, and had six children, two of whom are deceased, leaving no issue, — viz.. Rev. John Van Derveer, D.D., of Easton, Pa., and Jacob K. Van Derveer, of Flemington, late of Clover Hill. Those still living are Peter N. Van Derveer, of Somer- ville ; Alletta Vandoren, relict of Christianas T. Van- doren, late of Neshanic ; Mary, relict of John C. Van Liew, of the same place ; and Henry Van Derveer, of North Branch. Peter has two sons and three daugh- ters. Mary has two sons and one daughter, — Henry V. D., John J., and Anna Van Liew. Henry Van Derveer, of North Branch, married Frances Caroline Blackwell, of Amwell ; she died without issue, August, 1880. John Kline was born, as above stated, on what was for many years known as "the Cole farm," half a mile southwest from New Germantown. His father, John William Kline, moved to Lower Valley, and engaged in mercantile business with David Miller; and when John was twelve years of age, he returned with his family to the homestead at Readington, three years before his father's death. He was a man of correct habits and exemplary character, much respected in the community, — and so were his brothers and sisters, — and attached to the Evangelical Lutheran Church. His son, the late John Kline, married Catharine Williamson, Oct. 27, 1804, who died a.d. 1837 ; and for his second wife he married Ellen Wyckcff (widow of Henry Vroom), Jan. 27, 1841, who survives him and now resides in Somerville, N. J. Mrs. Vroom (the youngest daughter of Dennis Wyckoflf, Esq. ) had one daughter by her first husband, Henrietta Vroom, born in Wayne Co., Ohio, June 27, 1836 ; was edu- cated at the female institute in Somerville. She married Lewis Vandoren, of Peapack, Somerset Co., N. J., and died January, 1875, leaving three children, — John Henry, Ellen Kline, and Henrietta Vroom. Mr. Kline did for her in all respects as he would have done for an only daughter, and she loved and re- spected him as a father. The death of Mr. Kline, which occurred Jan. 20, 1880, was deeply lamented by the \yhole community. He was the patriarch of that section of the country, and commanded more than the respect of all wh(J knew him. He was hon- ored and beloved. Speaking of his funeral at his late residence on the homestead farm of his father and grandfather, and where he had spent eighty-three years of his life, the obituary notice says, " Never had that wide-spread, hospitable roof covered a larger company, and seldom has such a gathering been so entirely pervaded and absorbed with affectionate rev- erence for departed worth." Several years before his death he selected for his funeraj text, "To live is Christ, to die is gain." He was a man of exemplary, devoted Christian life, genial in spirit and abundant in hospitality; of simple, child-like faith and unos- tentatious manners, he was yet a man of positive strength of character, and exerted a wide-spread influ- ence for good, being a liberal patron of the church and a free giver to every charitable and benevolent enterprise. From the worldly abundance with which Providence had blessed him, and from the rich treas- ure of his inner life, he shed a light and a benediction upon all around him. His body lies in the Reading- ton cemetery, near the Reformed church, of which he was many years a member and ruling elder. A granite monument, inclosed by an iron fence, marks the place of burial. DAVID M. KLINE. Godfrey Kline and his wife Ida appear to have been the first American ancestors of this branch of the family, who came to this country from Germany. Their son. Christian Kline, was born March 13, 1754; married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry and Catharine Muller (or Miller, as it is called in this country), who was born July 12, 1758. They had children,— Henry M., David M., Jacob M., Betsy, Ida, and Maria. Henry M. married Sally Ramsey, and lived at Klines- ville, near Flemington, where he was a merchant, and reared a family of eight children. David M. married Elizabeth Hager, Dec. 28, 1805. At the age of four- teen he was indentured to his uncle, David Miller, a -^ y^y^^<:^/i^ o L I isr T o ]sr. The township of Clinton, lying a little to the north- east of the centre of Hunterdon County, contained in 1880 a population of 2133 and had within its limits 170 farms. Its boundaries are High Bridge and Tewksbury on the north, Earitan and Eeadington on the south, Eeadington on the east, Clinton village and Franklin township on the west, the South Branch of the Earitan separating it from the latter. Clinton is traversed through its northern part by the New Jersey Central Eailroad, and touched on the west by the Easton and Amboy Eailroad. An- nandale and- Lebanon are small villages and stations on the line of the Central, but two miles apart. Lime- stone deposits of value abound, and lime-burning is a consequent industry. Bound Valley is a marked feature in the land- scape. Passing southward from Lebanon station, the traveler enters it after a journey of perhaps a mile, and sees before him a spot famous in a traditionary and natural way. The valley, shut in on every side by hills, occupies a nearly circular space, measuring about three miles in one direction and two in another, and containing upwards of 3000 acres. Pickel's and Cushetunk Mountains are at the northern and eastern boundaries, on the west is a chain of low hills, and on the south Eound Mountain. Although Clinton is richly agricultural and pro- duces largely of wheat and corn, much dependence is fixed upon stock-raising and the production of milk. EARLY HISTORY. According to the best obtainable authorities, the township was first peopled in the vicinity of Lebanon and at Eound Valley, and it would appear that Ger- mans were among the earliest, if not themselves the first, settlers. The German Valley, which spreads over the territory now occupied by Lebanon, was en- tered by a colony of Germans as early as 1707, who soon spread up and down the valleys of northern Hun- terdon, but congregated most thickly, doubtless, in German Valley, wherefore the name. Many gathered about Lebanon, but to-day their descendants are scat- tered, and just who were the earliest settlers at that place cannot be positively stated, although between 1768 and 1771 the inhabitants of that region included the families of Peter Elscher, John Eodenbough (then written Eothenbach), Peter Huffman, Peter Sharp- stein, John Huffman, the Pickels, Hummers, Beckers, Kas, Luneburgs, Hinderscheits (written now Hender- schott), Epschers, Laus, Diltz, Schurtz, Ten Eycks, Kramers, Ohlbachs, Schencks, Meyers, Eichs, Van Horns, Gerhards, Humerichs, Schumachers, Enders, Withauers, Hebers, Hochstenbachs, Schaffers, Belers, Fishers, Wetters, Mils, Eeits, Kleins, Dufurs, Kru- gers, Kribs, Eckers, Bittesfelds, Philips, Papetchers, Stadels, and Schneiders. From a deed now in the possession of A. E. Sander- son, of Flemington, it appears that in 1711 the West New Jersey Society caused to be surveyed certain ter- ritory in Hunterdon County, N. J., since known as the society's great tract. Of this tract James Alexander purchased 10,000 acres in 1744, his purchase including the whole of the Eound Valley and surrounding moun- tains, reaching northward beyond Lebanon village, westward to Bray's Hill, and eastward well-nigh to White House. About Lebanon his purchases aggre- gated 2000 acres, which he was to hold in trust for Anthony White, to whom Alexander's heirs conveyed it upon Alexander's death, in 1755. Alexander's heirs were William, Lord Stirling, Peter Van Brug Livingston and Mary, his wife, Walter Eutherford and Catharine, his wife, John Stevens and Elizabeth, his wife, and Susanna Alexander.* The Alexander mansion stood upon portion of the farm now owned by Peter T. Haver. It had a fine location, and to it the patriotic members of the fam- ilies of Stirling, Livingston, Eutherford, and Stevens hastened for refuge when hard pressed by British enemies. In that mansion Edwin A. Stevens, the New Jersey railway pioneer, was born, and there also, says tradition, Livingston, the associate of Eob- ert Fulton, was a frequent visitor. In the Provincial Congress of New Jersey, held August, 1775, the repre- sentatives included EalphHart, Jacob Jennings, Eich- ard Stevens, and John Stevens, Jr., of Eound Valley. Among the earliest settlers were Peter Haver, William Eick, Morris Welch, and Abraham Voorhees. The name of Eick does not present itself among those now resident in the valley, but there one may still find numerous descendants of the Haver, Welch, and Voorhees families. The Cregars were, and still are, a famous family. John Cregar was the first of his name to locate in Clinton, and since his day the Cregars have greatly multiplied not only in Clinton, but in all Hunterdon. Five of his granddaughters are still living in Hun- terdon County whose combined ages reach the sum of upward of 400 years. Their names are Mrs. Wil- liam Yauger, Mrs. J. S. Cramer, Mrs. Archibald * " First Century of Hunterdon County, ' George S. Mott, D.D. 533 534 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. HufiFman, Mrs. P. H. Huffman, and Mrs. William Hackett. Among the early settlers in the vicinity of the valley were two brothers, Abram and John Shurts. A deed still extant testifies that Abram Shurts bought from William Coxe, of Philadelphia, in 1761, a piece of land on the South Branch of the Raritan, and his brother John owned a place adjoining. Part of the old Abram Shurts farm is now owned and occupied by Emanuel Fritts. John Shurts willed his property to his son, known as "Big" Michael Shurts, who built the first grist-mill near the Round Valley. It stood on Prescott Brook, and near there he had also a dis- tillery. " Little" Michael Shurts, a distant relative, owned a farm adjoining him, and also a distillery. John Dawes, a Quaker, had a mill on Prescott Brook near where Jonathan Dawes now lives. Old John Dawes was famous in his day as a mediator between disputants and as an esteemed authority. Just above Dawes was Benjamin Lowe, an elder and trustee of the Bethlehem Church. Years before that, even, John Lowe came to the valley from Ger- many. Mr. J. A. Young, of Clinton village, says that his great-grandfather, George Young, came from Ger- many and settled in the Round Valley at a time when there was no grist-mill nearer to him than on the Raritan, six miles west of New Brunswick. There were then no roads for wagons, but only trails through the woods. One of the most widely known of the families early in Clinton township was the Grandin family, of whom Philip was the head. Probably in 1760, or mayhap before, Philip and his brother John purchased a tract of about 1000 acres lying on the South Branch of the Raritan and reaching eastward. It covered the site of the village of Hamden, and was long known as the Hamden tract. The brothers Grandin built on the river a grist-mill and a fulling-mill, and opened a store, — all at the place now called Hamden. They lived in the same house, on the place latterly occu- pied by Joseph Fritts. At his death Philip's prop- erty passed to his two sons, Philip and John F. The former acquired the mills and the homestead, and in a little while (about 1790) induced a man named Ab- bott to open a tavern there. The place, which was known as Grandin's Mills and Grandin's Town, was on a route of considerable travel, and " Grandin's Tavern" came to be recognized as an excellent halt- ing place. John Grandin about 1775 built the house now oc- cupied by his son John. It was considered a great house in those days. The lumber used was pitch pine and came from Monmouth County. This mansion was noted for its inviting and cheering welcome, and social reunions were frequent within its hospitable walls. Dr. Grandin was likewise a famous physician, and from 1783 to 1811 (the period of his death) he rode over Hunterdon's hills for twenty-eight years. Dr. H. B. Poole was his successor as the Hamden phy- sician, although he tarried only from 1823 to 1826. In 1862, John F. Grandin, son to John Grandin and grandson to the first Dr. John, entered upon medical practice at Hamden, and remains in practice there to this day.* John Van Fleet and John Smith were early settlers in the Grandin neighborhood, and just east of there Peter Aller gave to the locality of his settlement the name of Allertown, by which it is still known. Peter AUer's son Henry was justice of the peace. Mathias Cramer, the first of his name to settle in Clinton township, located before the Revolution upon the farm now occupied by his grandson, John S. Cra- mer. Mathias was taken one day during the Revo- lution from his home to Jones' tavern by Adam Run- kel and Peter Aller, who sought to induce him to enter the Federal service. Mr. Cramer, however, was enfeebled with consumption, and, that fact becoming speedily apparent to an army surgeon, he ordered Cramer's release. From that time forward he declined rapidly in health, and died in 1783. Tunis Cramer lived before 1800 in an old log house now standing on what is known as the Runkel place, just south of J. S. Cramer's, and in that log house Adam Runkel made his home at an early day. John Emery (a distiller), John W. Sharp, Henry Huffman, and Hugh Martin lived early in that vicinity, but the information to be gleaned touching them is at this late day exceedingly meagre. TURNPIKE, TAVERNS, MILLS, Etc. The Easton and New Brunswick turnpike (some- times called the New Jersey pike), passing through Clinton towship, via Clinton village and Lebanon, was in its day a famous thoroughfare. Although the route was made a turnpike under a charter in 1812, there was a road over essentially the course now occu- pied by the old pike long before that time, and there were taverns and other signs of busy life upon it. John S. Cramer remembers that in 1812, when he was a lad of fourteen, he assisted in "working" the portion of that road passing through the neighborhood of what is now the village of Annandale. He recalls also having been told that that road was considerably traveled as early as 1776, and that in that year the stone house now occupied by Elijah Stout was built, as was also the house now owned by John Race. The Stout house was opened in 1776 as a tavern by a Mr. Jones. Before or about 1812, George Henry was landlord, and in 1812 took a contract to gravel the road between Beaver Brook and Hunt's Mills. Peter Fisher suc- ceeded Henry in 1816, and Gen. Hope took it, in 1830, to turn it over, however, in 1831, to John C. Wert, its last landlord, who continued to conduct its fortunes until the completion of the Central Railroad, in 1852, put a veto upon the glory of the pike. * See biographical Aetches at close of this township history. CLINTON. 535 In 1816 or 1817, Henry Miller and Nathan Stiger opened a store on the pike where Mr. Boyd now lives. Farther along to the eastward, David Fraser (an Irish- man and surveyor) kept a store in 1798, near the present John Fulkerson place, and across the way Richard (or ■"Derrick") Anderson had a little shop. John Ful- kerson, who learned his trade at Somerville, started a blacksmith-shop on the pike in 1821 near Beaver Brook. There was an old blacksmith-shop near Peter Huffman's, on the road to Allertown, in which Wil- liam Jewett was the smith. "William Johnson suc- ceeded Fraser in the latter's store, and, after him, Peter Ten Eyck (who married Fraser's widow) carried on the business as long as the store lasted. Wm. Johnson built a store on Bray's Hill, and kept post-office there as early as 1820. Before that Andrew Bray had a tannery there, and afterward J. W. Bray a distillery. Soon after 1820, John Henry opened a tavern east of Johnson's store. Gen. Hope was at one time concerned in the own- ership and management of the stage-line, and, among others, his son William was one of the most famous " whips" known to the road. On the pike in Clinton there were the Hope tavern, at Clinton village, and the Ramsey tavern, at Potterstown, where a Ramsey kept also a store. The store- and tavern have been from the outset in possession of the Ramseys. James Ramsey, the first of that family in Hunterdon County, settled in Readington about 1790, at which time An- drew Van Syckel settled at Potterstown. In 1800, James Ramsey, Jr., son to James, located in Clinton, adjoining another son, Alexander. On the Alexander Ramsey farm now lives Nelson Ramsey, son to the James Ramsey last mentioned. On the pike just east of Lebanon was a grist-mill, owned in 1812 by Peter Huffman, who bought it of "Big" Michael Shurts, — doubtless the builder. Peter Huffman owned also, in 1812, a mill on Beaver Brook, near where Annandale now is, and shortly afterwards bought Michael Shurts' Prescott Brook mill. Peter Huffman owned these three mills at one time. On and near the pike, close to Clinton village, William Yauger settled in 1823, John Race in 1823, David Miller in 1826, and Adam Stiger in 1833. TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. Clinton township was organized by act of Legisla- ture, dated March 11, 1841, from a portion of Leba- non township, as will more fully appear by reference to a copy of the act, which appears below. Clearly, the township was called after Clinton village, which lay within the limits of the township, and which began its existence in 1828. To whom belongs the honor of having suggested the name cannot now be said, nor is it, perhaps, historically important to know. Under act approved March 29, 1871, a portion of Clinton was set off to High Bridge, and by act ap- proved the same day, "that portion of the township of Tewksbury lying and being southeast from where a straight line running from the point where the townships of Tewksbury and High Bridge intersect each other, at the end of the fifth course in, the act creating the township of High Bridge, to an arch bridge over Cold Brook, in a line between the town- ships of Tewksbury and Readington," was annexed to the township of Clinton. The act organizing Clinton is as follows : " An ^ctio set off from the township of Lebanon, in the county of Kunterdonf a new township, to be called the township of Clinton. " Section 1. Be it enacted, That all that part of the township of Leba- non, in the county of Hunterdon, lying to the southward of the following line, — to wit, beginning on the north Bide of a certain bridge over Spruce Run, near the buildings of William Alpaugh, and at a point where said bridge is crossed by the line dividing the township of Lebanon from the townsliip of Bethlehem, and running thence on a northeasterly course, and in a direct line, across the said township of Lebanon to the southeasterly corner of a school-house, situate on the lands of Frederick I. Huffman, near the Tewksbui-y line, and thence, continuing on the same course, to the line dividing the township of Lebanon from the township of Tewksbury, and to end there, shall be, and the same is hereby, set off from said township of Lebanon, and established as a separate township, to be called the township of Clinton." Section 2, of the above act, gave to the " inhabitants of the township of Clinton all the powers and privileges enjoyed by the other townships of the county." Sec- tion 3 provided that the first annual town-meeting should be held at the inn of John C. Wert. Section 4, that the town committees of the two townships should allot and divide all property and moneys on hand or due between the townships of Lebanon and Clinton " in proportion to the taxable property and ratables" of each ; Section 5 relates to the support of paupers ; and Section 6 declares " that this act shall take effect on the second Monday in April next, and not before." In conformity with the provisions of the act, the in- habitants of the township met at the inn of John C. Wert, the second Monday in April, 1841, and then and there elected the following officers : Moderator, John Rockafellow ; Town Clerk, David B. Huffman ; Assessor, Lucas Voorhees ; Collector, John Lowe ; Commissioners of Appeal, Peter H. Huffman, John Rockafellow, and Michael Shurts ; Freeholders, Peter H. Huffman and John Rockafellow ; Highway Sur- veyors, Thomas B. Apgar and David M. Kline ; Town Committee, Peter H. Huffman, John Rockafellow, George Alpaugh, and John H. Huffman ; Overseers of the Poor, John H. Cregar and Lucas Voorhees ; Constable, Mahlon Smith; Poundkeepers, John C. Wert, Charles Menau, and Joseph Cougle; School Committee, William G. Alpaugh, Peter Haver, Peter Emery. It was voted to raise $800 road-tax, $600 poor-tax, and that the roads be worked by tax. Overseers of highways were appointed as follows : John A. Apgar, John H. Huffman, Aaron Groff, George S. Shurts, Henry Rockafellow, Godfrey Emery, Simon Kinny, Peter Apgar, Sr., Henry Stiger, John Demott, Wil- liam Butler, John H. Cregar, Lucas Voorhees, John T. Huffman, John A. Quick, Nelson Bennett, Peter 536 HUNTEKDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Yauger, William Hackett. At a meeting of the town committee, April 17, 1841, at the inn of Charles Menau,. John Rockafellow was elected treasurer. The persons chosen annually from 1842 to 1880 to be moderators, town clerks, assessors, and collectors are named in the following :* MODERATOES. 1842-44, J. Eockafellow; ] 845-48, J. H. Huffman; 1849, W. Emery; 1850-63, J. H. Huffman ; 1864^55, J. R. Kline ; 1856-62, T. H. Eis- ler; 1863, P. A. Beavers; 1864,t P. F. Hoffman ; 1865-68, W. Cregar; 1869, I. Hummer; 1870, P. P. Hoffman; 1871-73, L, L. Grippen; 1874, J. Pritts; 1875-77, L. L. Grippen ; 1878-79, S. Kadley; 1880, A. "W. Lowe. CLERKS. 1842-43, D. B, Huffman ; 1844-46, W. Emery ; 1847-49, M. Shnrts ; 1850- 53, J. H. Rockafeller ; 1854^61, P. A. Beavers ; 1862-66, A. E. Sander- son; 1867-69, J. S. Clark; 1870, P. T. Haver; 1871-73, B. B. Tine; 1874-76, J. Shurts ; 1877-78, N. W. Hoffman ; 1879-80, P. Eocka- fellow. ASSESSOES. 1842-43, A. BelliB ; 1844-45, P. P. Huffman ; 1846-47, J. M. Webster ; 1848-49, T. Eisler; 1850-51, M. Shurts; 1862-53, P. P. Huffman; 1854, A. McCoy ; 1855-56, J. H. Eockafellow ; 1857-58, N, Hoffman ; 1859-60, S. Carhart; 1861-02, D.K.Hoffman; 1863-65, M. Shurts; 1866-67, G. N. Apgar; 1868-09, M. Shurts; 1870, W. Lance; 1871, D. E. Potts; 1872-73, J. B. Cougle ; 1874-75, B. B. Tine; 1876, "N. Hoflinan ; 1877-80, G. N. Apgar. COLLECTORS. 1842-43, J. P. Tauger; 1844, G. R. Emery; 1845-48, G. A. Apgar; 1849- 50, W. S. Welsh ; 1851-52, P. Eockafellow ; 1853-54, P. Fritts ; 1855- 67, J. N. Stoor; 1858-69, J. Cox ; 1860-61, J. Mcaoughen; 1862-64 G. A. Apgar ; 1865-60, P. Rockafellow ; 1867-68, D. E. Potts; 1869-^ 70, W. Cregar ; 1871-72, J. S. Clark ; 1873-74, A. Van Syckel ; 1875- 76, S. H. Leigh; 1877-80, N. Hilderbrant. LEBANON VILLAGE. As early as 1820 or thereabout there was on Bray's HiU a post-office named Lebanon, of which the post- master was William Johnson, who also kept a store. Southeast from there something more than a mile is now the village of Lebanon, then occupied by "a commons," according to the language of a present dweller in Lebanon then familiar with that locality. William Huffman was then living in a log house on the site of Eev. Robert Van Amburgh's residence, and about that time, or perhaps shortly thereafter, one John Tway had a blacksmith-shop near the brook just west of the old graveyard at Lebanon. The Easton and New Brunswick turnpike then tra- versed the route now followed by Church Street, and on that road, about 1825, David M. Kline opened a store near where the Dutch Reformed church now stands. There was a brick church in the old grave- yard, and there, also, was the house of Jacob Corson, a tailor. About 1827, William Johnson, the storekeeper and postmaster on Bray's Hill, died, and, no one succeed- ing to his business, the post-office was transferred to David M. Kline. In that year the Easton and New Brunswick turnpike was straightened at Lebanon, and Kline moved his store over to the line of the * For Chosen Freeholders see page 264 of this work, t Office of Judge of Elections substituted. road, upon the site now occupied by S. J. Shurts' store, which contains the original structure built by Kline. Tway, the blacksmith, had also built a stone house upon the new road, and near it a stone smithy. The house he converted into a tavern, and, being a staunch admirer of Gen. Jackson, not only called his tavern the Jacksonville Hotel, but christened the place by that name, and tried hard to have the post- office title changed to suit the case, but, as there was a Jacksonville in Burlington County, the scheme miscarried, and Lebanon after a time replaced Jack- sonville as the village name, that territory being then in Lebanon township. The tavern opened by Tway — still standing opposite the present village inn — was kept by him until 1830; then, transferring its pos- session to Austin Clark, he opened a store, — the second in the village. To follow the post-office succession, it may be briefly stated that Kline was succeeded by John Tway, after whom came Adam Bellis, the harness- maker ; Samuel Clark, storekeeper ; Henry Dilley, the shoemaker; and David K. Hoffman, the present incumbent. Mail was from the first received daily by stages over the Easton and New Brunswick pike. Lebanon of the present is located upon the New Jersey Central Railroad, and contained in July, 1880, a population of 314. It boasts of two fine churches, an excellent public school, and many pleasant-looking homes. Lebanon station is a milk-shipping point for a large dairying district. LEBANON DUTCH REFORMED CHDEOH. The history of the Dutch Reformed Church of Leb- anon goes back farther than recorded testimony takes it, but just how much farther is pure conjecture. The oldest church records extant begin with 1769, while other documentary evidence, traveling back to 1747, cites the fact that in that year there was a church at Lebanon. The presumption is that the early settlers in Bound Valley and at Lebanon set up a temple as early as 1740, and conducted worship according to the forms of the German Reformed Church. They built a log church, and presently laid out about it a church- yard or burial-place. The old graveyard still marks the spot, but no church stands there. The old log house was replaced by a frame edifice in 1780, and in 1817 a large brick church was reared upon the site. Its foundation-walls are still there, but the structure it- self parted company with the graveyard in 1854, in which year the present roomy and handsome temple was erected at a cost of $6000. In 1746 the Church of Holland appointed a Swiss minister to visit America as an exploring and super- intending missionary to look after the numerous Dutch Reformed Churches and supply them with ministers, Bibles, and such help as they needed gen- erally. His name was Michael Schlatter, and, fortu- nately for the historian, he kept a journal of his American experience. In it he wrote: CLINTON. 537 " On the 3d of July, 1747, 1 received a very earnest letter from the con- gregations at Rockaway (Lebanon), Fox Hill, and Amwell, in the region of the Baritan, distant abont 70 miles from Philadelphia.'*' They urge me with the strongest motives — yea, they pray me for God's salce — to pay them a visit, that I may administer to them the Lord's Supper, and by baptism incorporate their children with the church, who have already, during three or more years, remained without baptism. November 13th of that year I undertook a journey to those congregations, and on the 14th came to Rockaway (Lebanon). Here I received twenty young persons into the church after they had made a profession of the faith, preached a preparatory sermon on the 15th, and on the following day ad- rainistered the Holy Supper in a small church to an attentive and reverent assembly." Schlatter repeated these visits twice during 1748, once in 1749, and once in 1750. In the latter year he wrote to the Church of Holland respecting the con- gregations at Fox Hill and Lebanon that " these im- plore earnestly that God may at length send forth a faithfiil laborer into this harvest." In response to that request, John Conrad Wirtz, who had been preaching in the neighborhood of Easton, was sent to take charge of the churches at Lebanon and in the German Valley, and served them continuously for eleven years. In 1761 he was succeeded by Rev. Cas- par Michael Stapfel. He remained only a year, but left behind him a remarkably excellent impression. For a period of nine years after Mr. Stapfel's re- tirement, the Lebanon Church was dependent upon irregular and uncertain services, and did not have regular worship until 1770, when Rev. Frederick Del- licker, who had for some time been laboring at Am- well, took charge of the churches at Lebanon, Ger- man VaUey, Fox Hill, and Alexandria, and remained with them until 1782. His successor was Rev. Cas- par Wack, who began his labors in 1782 and closed them in 1812. To the close of Mr. Wack's pastor- ate these churches were German Reformed, and in them the preaching had nearly always been con- ducted in the German language save towards the close of it, when he spoke mostly in English. Upon his departure the churches named were neglected by the German Synod, and in a brief time were absorbed by other denominations, the Lebanon Church becoming Dutch Reformed and the others Presbyterian. The records of the Lebanon Church make no men- tion of members' names previous to 1817, although they do observe the organization of the church to have taken place in 1762. Nevertheless, no further observation takes place therein until the first record of births and baptisms, under date of 1768. In 1817, as gleaned from the records, the church members were 52 in number, and of these 25 were females. The names of the 27 male members were John Lowe, John W. Alpaugh, George Cramer, George Apgar, Henry Aller, John I. Alpaugh, Peter Huffman, Chris- topher Baker, Jacob Nitzer, Peter Apgar, John Huff- man, John Alpaugh, Herman Lance, George Young, Caspar Backer, Morris Sharp, Cornelius J. Lowe, * Schlatter was then in charge of the old German Reformed Church at Philadelphia. 36 Caspar Lunenburg, Frederick J. Huffman, William Alpaugh, David M. Kline, William Yauger, John Haas, Andrew Van Syckel, Nicholas Wyckoff, David Canfield, Abram Blue. Since 1812 the pastors of the church have been Rev. Jacob I. Shultz, 1816-32; Rev. C. P. Wack, 1833-iO ; Rev. Robert Van Amburgh, 1840-48 ; Rev. John Steele, 1848-53 ; Rev. Robert Van Amburgh, 1853-70 ; Rev. W. B. Van Benchoten, 1870-73 ; Rev. Joseph B. Campbell, 1873-75 ; Rev. S. W. Roe, D.D., 1875 to the present time (1881). The church has now a membership of 347, representing 200 families. There are four Sabbath-schools in connection with the church, aggregating a membership of upwards of 200, and located at four different points in the town- ship. The school at Lebanon employs 12 teachers, and is in charge of J. N. Groendycke. The church elders are James Ramsey, Moses Felmy, John A. Ap- gar, Jr., and James Van Syckel. The deacons are Morris Conover, George Winters, Jackson Cramer, and David Rhinehart. LEBANON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In 1870, Rev. Mr. Fort organized a Methodist Epis- copal Class in the Bray's Hill school-house with about a dozen members, of whom John E. Tiger was the class-leader. In 1872 the locale was changed to Leb- anon, and there a house of worship was built, the cost being about $6000. Since removing to Lebanon the church has been served in the pastorate by Revs. Searles, Taylor, Van Zandt, Fall, and Tyndall. The class-leaders have been John E. Tiger and George Stout. The Sunday-school superintendent is J. C. Cramer. PHYSICIANS OF LEBANON. Henry Field, the first physician recorded as haviiig located at Lebanon, lived there only during 1832, when, removing to Clinton, he practiced there until his death. George Trumpore was at Lebanon from 1842 to 1845, and, removing to Essex, remained away until 1856. He tarried in Lebanon two years after that, and disappeared. J. W. Blackfan, residing a little way out of the village, began to practice in 1845, and to the present day has continued steadily to pursue his professional labors. Robert Fenwick was a physician at Lebanon, 1856-58 ; Byron Thornton, 1857-59 ; Henry Salter, between 1850 and 1860 ;' and Aaron Burgess, 1859-61. Fenwick moved to New York, Thornton to Germantown, Salter to Iowa, and Burgess to Pennsylvania. Alexander Barclay occu- pied the field from 1862 to 1866, and J. R. Todd from 1866 to 1871. Todd came back in 1872 and remained until his death, in 1876. William Knight was at Leb- anon from 1871 to 1872, and Sanford Roe from 1877 to 1879, his present field being in Schoharie Co., N. Y. Lebanon's only resident physician in November, 1880, was Abram Jones, who had been in the village since 1876. 538 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. VILLAGE OF ANNANDALE. Annandale, containing in July, 1880, a population of 380, is a station on the New Jersey Central Eail- road, and consequently a place of more or less activity. Eighteen passenger-trains stop each twenty-four hours, while the freight- and coal-trains are innumer- able. Lime-kilns in the vicinity supply the country round about and furnish annually 200 cars of lime. The railway shipments of milk average annually eighty cans per day, while the receipts by rail of lum- ber, coal, and malt amount to a handsome exhibit. The village took its rise simultaneously with the completion of the New Jersey Central Railroad, June 20, 1852. N. N. Boeman, a tavern-keeper at White House, George M. Freeh, the station-agent at that point, Jacob Young, a merchant, and James Kenna and Thomas Kinney, railway employees, moved from White House to occupy Clinton Station (as Annan- dale was called). Freeh was transferred to that point to be the station-agent, Boeman went there to put up a tavern, Young to build a store and begin trading, Kinney and Kenna to work for the railway company. Upon their arrival they found the present site occu- pied by the farms of the widow of Peter Young, the widow Jane Huffman, and John H. Cregar. Boeman purchased the first village lot, and built thereon the present village tavern, of which he was the landlord from 1852 to 1879. Freeh, the railroad agent, lived in the station-building erected in 1852, and Jacob Young, losing no time, built a store and grain ware- house. July 4, 1852, the first through-train for pas- sengers from New York to Easton passed Clinton Station. The village bore the name of Clinton Station until 1873, when the then president of the Central Eailroad, John T. Johnston, suggested the present name upon being requested to re-christen the place. The pre- sumption seems to be that he called it after a town in his own native Scotland. The only resident physician the town ever had was William Knight, now of Clin- ton, who practiced from 1872 to 1878. Theodore Eisler was the first village postmaster, and was suc- ceeded in turn by Josiah Cole and John Lair. Be- sides the ordinary village enterprises, Annandale has a sash-and-blind-factory, whose proprietors, B. E. Young & Co., carry on also a large lumber trade. THE EEFOEMBD PEOTESTANT DUTCH CHURCH. Annandale has had but one church organization, and that has continued to flourish. There was a meet- ing of the people of the village, June 1, 1866, to nomi- nate oficers of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church "to be formed at Clinton Station." Rev. Robert Van Amburgh presided and George M. Freeh was chosen clerk, whereupon Archibald Huffman and John H. Cregar were chosen elders and George M. Freeh and George H. Rowland deacons. June 28, 1866, Revs. James Le Fever, Robert Van Amburgh, and P. P. M. Doolittle, with Elders Frederick Frelinghuysen and John A. Apgar, met to organize the church. On that occasion Archibald Huffman, Mary Huffman, John H. Cregar, Anna Cregar, George H. Rowland, Mercy Rowland, George M. Freeh, and Barbara Freeh pre- sented certificates of dismission from the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Lebanon, and were or- ganized as the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Clinton Station. April 20, 1867, an addition of sev- enteen was made to the membership, and in 1868 the present house of worship was built. Rev. J. A. Van Dorn, who preached as supply at the first, was on Sept. 9, 1869, called to be the stated pastor. He resigned April 8, 1873, and was succeeded by Rev. Robert Van Amburgh, to whom, Nov. 12, 1877, followed Rev. George H. Cleaveland, the present pastor. The church membership, November, 1880, was 111. The deacons were Andrew B. Lare, John Prugh, J. S. Wyckoff, and Millard Prugh ; the elders, William B. Lare, I. C. Harvey, N. P. Wyckoff, and William H. Yauger; superintendent of Sunday-school, B. E. Young. ALLERTOWN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Methodist Episcopal services were doubtless held at Alleirtown early in the nineteenth century, but his- torical recollections are meagre for want of testimony. It is known, however, that a Methodist church was built at AUertown in 1822, upon land donated by Henry Aller, and that in 1830 or thereabouts Revs. Winner and Atwood were preachers. There was no Methodist Sunday-school there then, but there was one conducted by the Presbyterians, which, in charge of John Lowe, had weekly sessions in the AUertown school-house. In 1875 the old church edifice was re- placed with the fine structure now standing upon its site. Since the beginning the church organization has steadily prospered, and has now a membership ot about 200. The pastor is Rev. Mr. Mead, who holds weekly services. The Sunday-school superintendent is Benjamin Fritts. Referring briefly to the old church built in 1822, it may be of interest to observe that it was constructed mainly by the contributions in labor and material furnished by the members, and that among those most prominent in church affairs then were Jeremiah Huff, Nathaniel Atchley, George Alpaugh, and John Green. BURIAL-PLACES. Doubtless the oldest graves to be found in Clinton township are in the old graveyard at Lebanon, but no evidence remains to prove the assertion, since many of those oldest graves are without headstones, while such as are thus marked boast no legible legends. There is an old burial-place on the John Fulkerson place, near Annandale, but, save in the cases of two graves that have been especially cared for, the resting-places of the dead in that spot are unmarked except by here and there a fragment of a headstone. The two graves CLINTON. 539 alluded to are those of Hugh Martin and Martha, his brother's wife. About these graves David Fraser years ago built a stone wall, which fronts the high- way. Martha Martin's grave is designated by a plain slab, upon which is written : " Here lies the body of Martha, 'wife of Alexander Martin, who died May 11, 1753, aged 74." Over flugh Martin's grave is a white marble tablet, upon which appears in plainly traceable characters the following story : " Here lie the remains of Hugh Martin, who lived in this vicinity many years, during which, possessing the confidence of his government and his fellow^citizens, he diecharged the duties of several ofBces of profit and trust with integrity and honesty. In the practice of the private and public virtues, eminent ; as husband, father, relative, and friend, be- loved ; as a magistrate, revered. To religion a support, to science a patron, and to the poor, a friend. He waa born in Ireland, County Ty- rone, and died March 7, 1761, aged 63. " Let sculptured marble vainly boast, And birth and titles scan ; God's noblest work, of value most. Here lies an ttonest man. " His weeping sons in North Carolina pay this tribute to his memory. Go, traveler, and imitate his virtues." The oldest record in the old Lebanon cemetery is that which tells of the death of Matthias Cramer, March 24, 1783, aged forty-six. One old headstone is marked " A. H. D., 1787," and no more. Among the oldest inscriptions besides, are those of Philip Eyck, Sr., 1788 ; Eve, his wife, 1792 ; Charlotte Huffman, John Huffman, and Mary Huffman, 1801 ; Eve Eick and Mary Eodenbough, 1803 ; Mary Sharp, 1804 ; C. Huffman, 1805; John Wyckoff, 1806; Anna Huff- man, John Van Campen, 1809 ; Sarah Huffman, 1810 ; Jacob Huffman, Margaret Eike, Jacob Eisler, Jacob Huffman, 1811; Mary Huffman, 1813; John S. Alpaugh, Jacob Apgar, Catharine Lindaberry, Maria Wack, Samuel Jones, 1815 ; and E. Huffman, 1816. A single tablet recites the sorrowful story of the deaths, between Jan. 6 and 29, 1830, of Timothy L. Porter and his four children, Cornelia, William, John, and Amy, all with a malignant fever. TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS. The school districts in Clinton township are num- bered 54, 55, 56, 57, and 58, and named respectively Annandale, Bray's Hill, Lebanon, Bound Valley, and Hamden. Mr. John S. Cramer recollects attending school -in the Annandale District as early as 1803, in a log school-house that stood near Peter H. Huff- man's. The teacher was Sallie Price, and among the scholars were John Aller, John and Peter Huffman, and Ann Huffman. A second log school-house was built pretty soon after that, just north of the present Stout place, and to that school went John S. Cramer, John Grandin, Mary and Sallie Fox, Ann and Betsey Cregar, William Hunt, Ishe Hunt, and Philip Gran- din. Of course there were other scholars, but their names cannot be recalled. There had to be twenty- five scholars to make a school, and some of them had to come a long way. The teacher in that second log school-house was William Thatcher. Not many of the pupils are left. Thatcher was also a teacher in the red school-house, near the Stout place, and third in the list of remembered school-buildings. The second teacher in the red school-house (next follow- ing Thatcher) was Charles Q. Phillips. The fourth school-house was built in 1836, and occupied a site about opposite the Dutch Reformed church. The building now occupied by the district school in An- nandale was erected in 1865 for a public hall, and since 1869 has been the property of the district. It is a three-story frame structure, with seating capacity for about 250, although the average attendance does not reach beyond 100. E. C. Harvey is the principal, and Maggie Eockhill the assistant. The trustees are William A. Young, George Creveling, and J. H. Miller. As to the Bray's Hill school, it can only be stated that there was a school there as early as 1810, and perhaps before. It is at all events certain that the early dwellers in the Lebanon District sent children there, for in the latter district there was no school until as late as 1842. The present Bray's Hill school- house was built in 1845. It is a frame structure, 24 by 30, and in it the average attendance reaches 40. The trustees for 1880 were William Beavers, John D. Cregar, and Noah Tiger. The first school-house built in the Lebanon District was a frame, 24 by 30, erected in 1842 at a point about a quarter of a mile north of the village. The first trustees were William H. Huffman, Henry A. Apgar, and Samuel Clark ; the first teacher, Garrett Servis. The present house, a two-story frame, was built in 1869, and cost $3500. There are two de- partments, with an aggregate attendance of about 80. The principal is 0. H. Huffman, and the assistant Laura Huffman. The trustees for 1880 were James Van Syckel, L. L. Grippin, and G. N. Apgar. The first school-house known to Eound Valley is said to have been built in 1785, upon a spot but 200 yards removed from the present house. It was a framed house covered with pine shingles, and meas- ured 18 by 20. The first teacher was a Mr. Blue, but tradition tells that there was a teacher and a school- house in the Valley even before Blue's time. David Haver has an arithmetic that was written in 1778 by J. S. Cramer, who is vaguely mentioned as having taught about that time in a log school-house " one mile down the Valley." The district has had five school-houses, of which the present, standing at the upper end of the Valley, is a two-story frame, 30 by 40, cost $3500, and was built in 1872. The principal is Henry Allen; the trustees are William Johnson, David Sharp, and John Eockafellow. In the Hamden District school was first kept at Allertown in 1814, in a house that had previously served as the residence of "Daddy" Butler, the cooper. The first teacher was a Mr. Cumback. A I 540 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. stone school-house is said to have been erected in 1826 near where the present house stands. The trus- tees in 1826 were John Grandin, Elias Hoagland, and Jacob McLain. The present house was built in 1849. It is a frame, 24 by 28, and can seat 40. The trustees for 1880 were Emanuel Fritts, Charles Cane, and George W. Shafer. The only information to be gleaned from the town- ship records touching the condition of the public schools previous to 1850 stands under the head of " School Report for 1849," from which it appears that in that year the State fund due the township amounted to 1206.27, and that the amount of school tax wa« $400, the whole divided between nine districts. It is further learned that in 1863 the township contained fourteen school districts, with a total of 964 school children. CLINTON IN THE EEBELLION. The first town-meeting in Clinton to consider the question of raising soldiers for service in the Rebellion was held Aug. 23, ]862, the object being to consider the propriety of raising a bounty-fund sufficient to avoid a draft for the nine months' service. On that occasion a r«-;olution was adopted to raise ?jy tax a sum sufficient to pay $100 each for all men assigned as the township's quota under the nine months' call. At the same meeting it was reported that the town- ship had already in the service .58 men. Aug. 29, 1862, the township treasurer paid to 106 men the sum of $100 each as bounty, under resolution j/a-ssed Aug. 29, 1862. Dec. 23, 1863, a town-meeting was held to raise ?jounties for men to serve under the two calls recently issued by the general government, when it was voted to pay $350 each for volunteers to the number of 98, but only >'300 per man drafted, in case a draft became necessary, and that every man in the town between the ages of twenty and forty-five liable to the draft should pay to the town committee the sum of .^25 on or before .Jan. 3, 1864, or, in defeult, forfeit all claim to the $300 appropriated for drafted men. Dec. 30, 1863, this assessment was paid by 290 men, aggre- gating $.5.500. Under the calb 82 men volunteered and received a bounty of $28,700, the town borrowing $15,000 at sixty flays, and $75'>0 at thirty days. The same year $17,000 was paid out to volunteer-- and for sub-ititutes for those who had paid assessments to be insured against the draft. L'nder the President's call of .luly, 1864, for 500,000 men, Clinton was to furnish 79 ; 56 volunteered, and received bounties of from $500 to $675, or a total of $36,650 ; 23 substitutes were purchased at $600 each, so that for the 79 men the town paid out $50,450. Inci- dental to raising the money for this expenditure there was an additional expense of $1371.29 for interest, etc. Under tlie call of Deeernber, 1864, the town paid for substitutes and volunteers the sum of $47,610, 79 men being furnished. Of those who entered the military service from Clinton during the war of 181 2 the names are recalled of .John AUer, from Sussex County, Doolittle, Saul Hoppock, Peter Hoppock, and Peter Lance. Lance went out as a substitute for David Sharp. Benjamin Fritts was drafted, and hired .John Loomi- son as a substitute ; but, luckily enough for Loomison, the war closed before he got started, although not before he had got his hire of Fritts. John Aller, the last of the survivors, died in 187-5, at the age of eighty- five. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EEV. EGBERT VAN A.MBrRf>H. Rev. Pi«bert Van Amburgh was bom .Ian. 9, 1809, about six miles south of Poughkeepsie, in the south- em i)art of Dutchess Co., N. Y., and is of both Hol- land and French descent, iim early occupation was that of hu.sbandry, and in all the varieties of ag- ricultural pursuits he was among the first in labor and success; even at ten years of age he could handle a scTthe with the same ease and agility as any older laborer. His first twenty years were passed in the usual routine of a farmer's life, receiving such education an the common schook of his neighborhood af- forded. When he had nearly attained his majority, he received a decided religious impres-sion, accom- fianied by a strong sense of Divine responsibility that he should devote himself exclusively to the service of the Lord. He at once began to prepare himself under the tutelage of the Rev. Eliphalet Price, a very able and worthy Presbyterian mininter, of Hughjsonville, N. Y., and from thence be repaired to Whitesboro', in the same State. In 1834 he entered Rutgers College, at New Bninswick, from which institution he gradu- ated in the class of 1837. He subsfyjuently matricu- lated in the theological seminary in the same city, and took his degree in 1840. Jn both institutions the highest honors were conceded to him. When he entered the public ministry, bis preaching was so pop'ular and so significantly successful that he wa« tendered a call in almost ever\' vacant church where he ministered. He accepted a call to the Re- formed Church of Lebanon, N. J., and in a compara- tively brief period the congregation grew until the church was filled to its utmost capacity. The field of his labors embraced a rich, rural country, thickly -et- tled, about ten or twelve miles square. The calls to duty were frequent, and the duties thernselvis multi- form and various. His labors were numerous, olUiO. burdensome, and little time was left him for study or recreation. Years glided by, with scarcely any cessa- tion or rest, until August, 1837, when he res)gn<:/l his charge and went to Fordham, X. Y., where he be^;ar/je pastor of an old church. The congregation there had i tJlr o~i^-i y^^ /z^u / ^^^^^^v ^^^^^^^'^ CLINTON. 541 been for years agitating the expediency of erecting a new edifice ; but internal and external strength was apparently paralyzed, and their efibrts resulted in nothing, notwithstanding for seventeen years they had been striving to attain their object. In this state of lethargy he came among them, and instilled new life into the fold. The old dilapidated structure was filled to overflowing during the first year of his min- istry, and in February, 1838, a meeting was called to take measures for the erection of a new edifice. In August following a beautiful brick building was dedi- cated, free of debt, with the exception of about twelve hundred dollars; This building was soon filled with an interested worshiping assembly, and his salary was largely increased from the pew-rents. From Fordham he removed to Hughsonville, N. Y., after the former charge became independent. He was recalled to Lebanon in August, 1853, and almost im- mediately the old brick church was converted into a new, convenient, and elegant frame structure, not sur- passed by any church edifice at that time in Hunter- don County. Here also his labors were crowned with remarkable success. Great numbers of the middle- aged, as also of the young and old, were added to the church, and from the adjoining counties the popula- tion flocked to this church, insomuch that all could not obtain sittings, even on ordinary occasions, and it became the largest assemblage of any country con- gregation in the State. In 1869 he accepted a call to High Bridge, a church of his own organizing, it having grown under his care from a very few worshipers in an obscure school-house to a fairly-sustaining congregation with a church edi- fice. When he had become settled as their permanent pastor, the building was found to be too small to ac- commodate the necessary congregation, whereupon he immediately agitated the question of building a new edifice, and in the face of strenuous opposition he pushed the matter forward, and soon had the corner- stone laid, obtained the means, and speedily there was completed one of the finest specimens of Gothic ar- chitecture in the State, which now lifts its spire heavenward, as if indicating its future prosperity and the moral elevation of the surrounding inhabitants. He next took charge of the Presbyterian Church at Lower German Valley. This also was an infant con- gregation, and under his ministry it rapidly advanced in strength and devotion. At the close of his pastor- ate at Lower German Valley he settled over a congre- gation he had previously organized at Annandale, N; J. At this point a large debt had been nearly liquidated in about two years, and the number of at- tendants nearly doubled. He remained their pastor till November, 1878. He is now in the seventieth year of his age, and is yet as vivacious in spirit, active in labor, and as per- severing in his efibrts as he was in his youth. He possesses a warm temperament, with great decision of character, accompanied by an energetic spirit, that contends earnestly for victory, in the battle of life. He is a benevolent and generous giver, and his house is where the needy and afflicted are wont to gather. Mr. Van Amburgh is not at present in charge of any congregation, but his time is occupied with occa- sional preaching and his various business interests, in connection with his farm and property in the village of Lebanon. JONATHAN DAWES. Jonathan Dawes, son of John and Catharine (Por- ter) Dawes, was born in Lebanon (now Clinton) town- ship, in the same house where his ancestors for sev- eral generations lived and died. His great-grand- father, Adrian Dawes, came from White Marsh, near Valley Forge, where he lived when Washington's army lay there during that memorable winter of the Eevolutionary struggle. He was a member of the Society of Friends, and was born in Wales, whence he immigrated to this country. John Dawes, son of the above, and grandfather of our subject, settled on the present homestead in 1775. He married Alice Janney, of Bucks Co., Pa., a daughter of Thomas and Margery Janney, of Cheshire, England, who settled in Bucks County in 1683. He (Thomas Janney) died Dec. 12, 1696. John and Alice Dawes had six children, — two sons and four daughters. The father of Jonathan Dawes was the youngest of the family, and was born Feb. 10, 1787 ; he married Catharine Porter, May 3, 1807 ; they had four children, of whom Jonathan Dawes was the only son, born Feb. 9, 1808, and brought up on the farm where he now resides. The house where he lives was built by his grandfather, in 1787. He was a member of the Legislature two years, — 1841 and 1842, — elected on the Democratic ticket, with which party he has always voted. He married Jane Kline, daughter of David M. Kline, Sr., Dec. 29, 1835. She was born Dec. 2, 1817, in Clinton township, Hunterdon Co. They have had four chil- dren, whose record we give as follows : Martha, V., born March 6, 1837, married George T. Stryker, of Clinton township ; Elizabeth, bom ■ July 9, 1840, died Aug. 9, 1841 ; Mary W., born May 30, 1844, married William Craig, residing near New Germantown; John, born Nov. 23, 1847, married' Laura Sharp, of Clinton township, Dec. 24, 1879. 542 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. JOHN r. QRANDIN, M.D. JOHN GFANDIN JOHN F. GRANDIN, M.D. Daniel Grandin and Mary, his wife, came from France and settled in Monmouth Co., N. J. Their sons, John and Philip, both came to Hunterdon and purchased one thousand acres of land on the South Branch, being a part of the five thousand acre tract of Daniel Coxe. They called this the Hamden tract. They did not buy it all at one time, but built their mills when they came from Monmouth. The original deed was destroyed by fire when the old Grandin house, which stood near the late residence of Joseph Fritts, was burned. They owned the mill property as far back as 1759, and probably several years earlier. The water-right, still owned by Jacob M. Johnson, at the mills was given in 1752, and transferred to the Grandius in 1759, at which latter date they appear to have been established for some time at the mills. The land where Dr. Grandin and family now live at Hamden was sold in 1763 by Samuel Eogers to Sam- uel Lippincott, and, in 1772, Samuel Lippincott and wife sold it to John and Philip Grandin. John mar- ried Abigail Lippincott ; they had no issue. Philip was the progenitor of the Grandin family. He mar- ried Eleanor Forman, and was a fuller, dyer, and miller. John attended to the store and farm, and was a justice of the peace, but both lived in the same house, the one burnt near the Fritts residence. Philip and Eleanor (Forman) Grandin had two sons and five daughters, — viz., Dr. John Forman Grandin, Philip, Mary, Jane, Abigail, Eleanor, and Rachel. John Grandin, born in Monmouth, April 28, 1721, died Aug. 5, 1777. His wife, Abigail Lippincott, died March 18, 1788. They were both buried in the Friends' burying-ground at Kingwood, now Quaker- town. Philip died Feb. 23, 1791 ; Eleanor, his wife, died March 1st of the same year, just six days after, and both were buried in the same grave, at the King- wood Friends' burying-ground. Philip, son of the first Philip, and brother of Dr. John Grandin, married Mercy Gray ; they died with- out issue, and were buried at Kingwood. Dr. John F. Grandin's wife, Mary Newell, was a first cousin of that gallant hero, Capt. Lawrence, whose dying words have thrilled the world with their eloquent import, whose name is upon every school- boy's lips, whose last utterance we might well take as a precept in all our struggles through life, — " Don't give up the ship !" Dr. John F. Grandin and Mary, his wife, had six children,— to wit, Elizabeth, born April 18, 1785, married Dr. Benjamin Hunt, son of Daniel Hunt, of Hunt's Mills, now Clinton ; both re- moved to Ohio and lived there. Eleanor, born Sept. 15, 1786, married the late Joseph Reading, near Flem- ington ; she died in Philadelphia. Mary, born Feb. 3, 1788, married John W. Bray, of Clinton; after- wards removed to California, where they both died. Lucy, born April 2, 1790, married Elmore Williams, of Cincinnati, who built the first brick house ever erected in that city, where he died, leaving an estate of over a million of dollars. John, born May 28, 1792, married Elizabeth H., daughter of the late Daniel Reading, who lived on the farm at Flemington now known as the Fair Ground. This family of Readings were descendants of Hon. John Reading, well known as a very useful and highly-esteemed CLINTON. 543 man, once temporary Governor of New Jersey, and always prominent in the early history of the State. ' Philip Grandin, the youngest son of Dr. John For- man Grandin, was born Feb. 11, 1794 ; he married Hannah Piatt, removed to Ohio, and died there, leaving a large fortune. His widow and children still live in Kentucky and Ohio, near Cincinnati. Elizabeth H. Grandin died Oct. 14, 1842, and was buried in Bethlehem. John and Elizabeth H. Grandin had five children, — Daniel Reading Grandin, Mary Newell, Elizabeth, Dr. John Forman Grandin, and Jane Elizabeth. The third child died June 10, 1832. Mary N. mar- ried George F. Slocum, of Wilkesbarre, a son of Joseph Slocum, Esq., who was a brother of Frances Slocum, who was carried off from her father's house Nov. 2, 1778, by the Indians. Dr. John Forman Grandin, the elder, was the father of John Grandin, born on the homestead. May 28, 1792, and who still resides there at the advanced age of nearly eighty-nine years. The former studied medicine with Dr. Newell, of AUentown, N. J., whose daughter Mary he married, and reared a family of two sons and four daughters, of whom John only survives. Dr. Grandin practiced medicine all his life at Ham- den, and had a very large and successful practice. He died in 1811 ; his wife died in Cincinnati, in 1849, aged eighty-seven years. For three generations there were but two sons in the Grandin family, and they bore the names of John and Philip. The present family of John Grandin and Elizabeth Beading is an exception, there being two sons, Daniel Reading and Dr. John Forman Grandin, both living on the old homestead near Hamden. John Foreman Grandin, M.D., was prepared for college under the instruction of Rev. John Van Der- veer, deceased, at Easton, Pa. ; entered Lafayette Col- lege, where he spent the freshman and sophomore years, and completed the junior and senior years at Union College, graduating from the latter in 1849. He studied medicine with the Hon. John Manners, M.D., at Clinton, N. J., and received his degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1852. He has prac- ticed his profession ever since where he now resides. He was married, Oct. 13, 1880, to Fannie Todd, of Lebanon, N. J. David McCloughan ; Susan, who married, first, George Larue, and, second, David B. Huffman ; Henry, who died in infancy ; Arzilla, deceased, wife of George V. Creveling; Joseph A., farmer, near JOSEPH FRITTS. Joseph Fritts was born in Lebanon (now Clinton) township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Oct. 14, 1802, and died March 2, 1879. He was a son of Charles and Susan (White) Fritts. His brothers were Peter, Charles, and Benjamin, and his sisters Maria, Chris- tiana, Sally, Laney, and Elizabeth. Six of the fam- ily are living at this writing. Joseph Fritts married Anna, daughter of Henry Aller, Esq., and had nine children, six sons and three daughters, viz.: Charles, deceased; Mary, wife of JOSEPH TRirTS. Lebanon, who married Susan Huffman ; Stires, man- ufacturer of flax, etc., in Clinton township, who mar- ried Margaret Probasco ; Emanuel, farmer, in Clinton township, who married Mary Elizabeth Kuhl ; Oliver, farmer, in Clinton township, who married Elizabeth Cregar, of High Bridge. Mr. Fritts followed farming all his life, and was a well-known and enterprising citizen. He started in life poor, married young, and four or five years lived on rented farms, saving about two hundred dollars. Putting this with five hundred dollars borrowed money, he purchased a farm of one hundred and forty acres near Allertown, paying therefor, in eleven annual installments, sixteen dollars an acre, and meeting all his obligations for six years, when he sold the place for thirty-two dollars an acre. This was his start in a series of land-operations which he carried on largely and profitably during most of his life. With the proceeds thus acquired he bought the farm commonly called the Shirts farm, which he owned at his death. He afterwards bought the farm of eighty acres on which his son-in-law, Mr. McCloughan, lives ; he then bought the old homestead farm of his father and brother, consisting of one hundred and thirty-three acres, upon which he erected new build- ings, as also upon the Shirts farm ; at the same time he bought a lot of twenty-three acres at Lebanon Depot, for which he paid three thousand six hundred dollars; he bought also for his son-in-law, George \ 4 544' HUNTEKDOX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Larue, a lot and shops near Dawestown, and pur- chased a farm of eighty-six acres adjoining the Shirts farm, of John Fine ; he next bought of A. K. Kinney a farm of ninety-seven acres at Hamden, paying for the same thirteen thousand dollars ; at the same time he purchased of Mr. Kinney the flax-mill and lot at Hamden. These are hut a portion of his real estate operations ; he bought also a farm near Young's Mills containing one hundred and twenty-two acres, for ■which he paid eighty-one dollars an acre ; and about two years before he died he bought a mill-property at Annandale for which he paid nine thousand four hundred and fifty dollars. Much of this property, of course, he bought and sold, so that at the time of his decease he owned four farms, two mill-properties, and considerable wood-land. These facts are given not to make a parade of his possessions, but to show how fortune sometimes at- tends the earnest efforts of a man who begins the struggle of life single-handed and without capital, save his own energy and industry. Mr. Fritts was a man of great firmness and excellent judgment; he read and kept himself well informed on current topics and matters of general occurrence ; his judgment was frequently sought in matters of importance, and was usually found correct ; he was calm and deliberate in coming to a decision, but when he made up his mind he was not easily moved. He was highly esteemed for his uprightness and integrity as a man and a citi- zen, and was called to settle a number of estates and to fill several of the responsible ofiices of his town- ship. He was freeholder and justice of the peace several years, and was a member of the Legislature for two terms, — 1845 and 1846. OLIISTTON VILLAGE. Clinton Village— or Clinton borough, as it is commonly known — is picturesquely located upon the South Branch of the Earitan Elver (which divides it), distant 54 miles from New York City. It includes within its limits eight farms, and had, in July, 1880, a population of 842. There is at this point on the Earitan's branch a fine water-power that has been utilized from time immemorial, and now drives two large grist-mills. By an unfortunate chance Clinton has no imme- diate railway facilities, although upon the south the Easton and Amboy Eailroad passes within two miles of the town, and upon the east, an equal distance re- moved, is the line of the New Jersey Central Eailroad. Annandale, a station upon the latter, is the point chiefly in demand by travelers to and from Clinton, stage connection between the two places giving fre- quent and easy communication. Despite the lack of railway transportation, Clinton is and must remain a flourishing town, by reason not only of its milling in- terests, but also because it is the centre of a rich agri- cultural district, and the locale, also, of well-nigh inexhaustible limestone -quarries. The village is handsomely laid out, carries on a mercantile trade of considerable importance, maintains two banks, two hotels, and a newspaper, and among its architectural features boasts four churches and a fine public school. EARLY HISTOEY. During the Eevolution, or perhaps sooner, Daniel Hunt, a Jerseyman, bought a considerable tract of land adjacent to the spot where Spruce Eun enters the South Branch of the Earitan, and with it a grist-mill, " rudely built of stone," that stood upon the site now occupied by the Parry mill. How long that mill had stood there or who erected it no man can now say, although it is supposed to have been an old mill when Mr. Hunt came into possession of it. At the death of Daniel Hunt the mill-property passed to his son Ealph. He probably succeeded to the property in 1810, and two years afterwards erected upon the opposite side of the stream a woolen-mill, which, slightly enlarged, is now Philip Gulick's grist-mill. Before the Hunts came to the place, however, Ne- hemiah Dunham, a famous character in his day, was a resident on the west side of the river. In 1760 he bought 600 acres (about one-third of the tract being now within the limits of the borough) of the great- grandfather of Secor Eobeson, and in that year made his home there, his previous residence having been in Middlesex County. Mr. Durham was a great cattle- raiser and dealer, and during the Eevolution supplied the Federal army with vast quantities of beef. The. greater portion of his estate is still in possession of his heirs. Capt. Adam Hope, who came to Union township in 1765 fi:om "the forks of the Delaware," located at a date not long after upon a place about 200 yards west of Corson's tavern. As to other early inhabitants, history will in this instance fix a point at 1818 and say what the village was then and what it became afterwards. The narra- tive touching the days of 1818 and immediately thereafter has been gleaned from the recollections ol Judge Eobert Foster, a native of Hunterdon County, and a resident in Clinton village since then. In that CLINTON VILLAGE. 545 year Mr. Foster, then a lad of eighteen, came from what is now Union township (where his grandfather settled in 1760) to Hunt's Mills (as the present village was then and had long been known) for the purpose of learning how to make spinning-wheels at the shop of Gen. James W. Hope, who was manufacturing spinning-wheels, burning lime, trading horses, and farming, on the west side of the river. William A. Hope, his son, now living near the old place, was in his time considered the greatest horseman and Jehu in those parts. In 1818 there were also on the west side of the river John and James Dunham, farmers, and sons to Nehemiah Dunham, already named. John moved to Ohio that year, and James died on his farm two years afterwards. Aaron, his son, lives now in Clin- ton. There was a blacksmith-shop very near, where John Case has a shop. Ralph Hunt owned it, and hired John Green to work it for him. In 1819, Green married, rented the shop, and carried it on himself until 1843, when he moved to " Headquarters," near Flemington, where he died a few years ago. Edward Hagan, a cooper, and John Hagan, a tailor, had shops nearly opposite the present Democrat office. John was a bachelor, and boarded with his brother. They remained in the village but a brief time after 1818. Michael Haggerty, a miller in the employ of Ealph Hunt, lived in a house just west of Green's blacksmith-shop. Elisha Hummer, a farmer, lived in a house now occupied by Jacob Fox, and Dr. Benja- min Hunt, who had been at Hunt's Mills from 1810 or before, was living in the house now occupied by James E. Kline. In 1818 he moved to Ohio, and following him as the village physicians came William P. Clarke and John D. Manners. Ralph Hunt, the miller, lived in a house on the site now occupied by Samuel Parry's house. All his mill-employees ex- cept Haggerty were single men and boarded at his house. Hunt had a grist-mill on the east side of the river and near at hand had also a fiilling-mill. On the other side of the stream, directly opposite, in what is now known as Gulick's Mill, he carried on a flaxseed-oil mill, a plaster-mill, and a woolen-mill. Close by he had a saw-mill, while he did something also in the way of lime-burning. Tradition relates that in 1798 three brothers named La Tourette rented the mills and opened a store at Hunt's Mills in the house subsequently the dwelling of Ralph Hunt, keeping it four years. Ralph Hunt kept store in the same building, but gave up the un- dertaking previous to 1818. In 1817, Abraham Bonnell established a small store about half a mile west of Green's smithy, but closed it within a twelvemonth. In that building, in 1818, Jesse Warne opened a sad- dler's shop. It would appear accordingly, from what has been written, that Hunt's Mills was not in those early days a lucrative field for the trader. In 1825, however, when J. W. Bray came in and reopened the old Ralph Hunt store, a new liiercantile era ap- peared to dawn. Bray was successful, and since 1825 the business history of Clinton has hadno break. In 1818 a post-office was established at Hunt's Mills, and Ishe Hunt (son to Ealph Hunt) was appointed post- master. Mail was received once a week by sulky ex- press, which traveled a mail-route from Trenton via Hunt's Mills to Frenchtown, and so on. Ishe Hunt was the Hunt's Mills postmaster until his removal from the town, in 1828. THE NEW VILLAGE. The year 1828 brought about a marked change in the condition of affairs at Hunt's Mills. Ralph Hunt and his sons, who up to that time had carried on the mills, succumbed to financial embarrassments, and, relinquishing the property to their creditors, removed in a little while to Ohio. Not one of the family now remains in or near Clinton. Archibald Taylor bought the mills and considerable adjacent property, and en- trusted the management thereof to his son, John B., and J. W. Bray, both of whom had for a time been associated in the distillery business near Hunt's Mills. In 1828, Bray & Taylor took hold of the mills, im- proved them and their surroundings, became partners in the store opened in 1825 by J. W. Bray, and, sur- veying a number of village lots on the east side of the river, re-christened the place Clinton as a mark of honor to De Witt Clinton, Governor of New York, who died about that time. In 1828, Enoch Stevenson, a saddler and harness- maker, set up a shop in the village (dying after a few years), and Israel Smith opened a tavern in 1830 in a building previously erected by Bray & Taylor, and still kept as a tavern by John Corson. The same year Gen. Hope opened a tavern on the turnpike, about a mile east of the village, in a house now occupied by Elijah Stout. He remained there a year, when, re- turning to the village, he bought out landlord Smith, whose old tavern-stand he kept for twenty-five years afterwards, and then left it to his son, William A., who was the landlord for some little time. Hope's successor was John C. Wert, who is remembered to have had in front of his tavern a sign bearing a picture of Gen. Pike. When Israel Smith sold his tavern business to Gen. Hope he crossed the river and built the brick tavern now known as Weller's Hotel, which he opened in 1832, kept it a dozen years or so, and sold to Jacob Corson, from whom John B. Weller & Brother got it. In 1830 or 1831, Bray & Taylor disposed of their store business to James R. Dunham and George W. Taylor, and in 1834 financial misfortunes forced them to abandon their mill business. Dunham & Taylor thereupon became possessed of the mill on the east bank, and John W. Snider of the west side mill, Snider also opening a store on the west side in 1834. In 1836, Dunham & Taylor's mill was burned, but was rebuilt in the same year by Charles and James R. Dunham, who carried it]on after^that. It is now 546 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. known as the Parry mill. In 1832, Morris S. Stiger and Jolin Race opened a store in the building now the residence of David Crotsley. Two years before that A. V. Bonnell and A. W. Dunham engaged in trading on the west side of the river. Morris S. Stiger and his father, Adam, soon built the store now occupied by J. A. Young, and for fully thirty years the former continued to be one of Clinton's leading merchants. ' In 1839, James P. Huffman & Co. commenced busi- ness as traders on the west side of the river. The firm was composed of James P. Huffman (who in 1830 entered Bray & Taylor's employment as clerk), John A. Young, and Robert Foster (the latter of whom had been from 1818 engaged on the west side of the river in making spinning-wheels, chairs, coffins, etc.). Robert Foster is now one of Clinton's capitalists, J. A. Young is still in business in the village, while James P. Huffman has long been a well-known jurist. After a stay of nine months on the west side of the river, Messrs. Huffman & Co. removed to the stone store now standing on the east side of the river, built in 1829 by Bray & Taylor. In 1839, Augustus Kline commenced to trade in the building now occupied by Henry M. Kline, and after that John T. Leigh be- came a village merchant, although poor health forced him to retire from the business in a short time. With the statement that Jacob Corson built in 1856 the store-building now occupied by Mr. Shipman closes the reference to the growth of the business portion of Clinton. As to the history of the Clinton post-office, J. W. Bray took it from Ishe Hunt in 1828 and kept it until 1834. The postmasters after that to the present have been Adam Stiger, Jas. P. Huffman, Adam Stiger (second term), Peter Van Pelt, Garret Servis, Peter Van Pelt (second term), Wm. H. Baker, and Charles W. Altemus, the latter since 1869. VILLAGE INCORPORATION. The town of Clinton was incorporated by act ap- proved April 5, 1865, which provided as follows : " All that part of the townships Of Clinton, Franklin, and Union in the county of Hunterdon, contained within the following limits, — to wit, Beginning at a stake standing in the line between the said townships of Franklin and Union, in the road formerly known as the New Jersey turnpike, at the place where the public road leading from Bonnell's tav- ern to the Union intersects said road foraaerly known as the New Jersey turnpike, running from thence along the line of said road leading from said tavern to the Union in a northerly direction to a stake in said road, a corner to lands late of A. W, Dunham, deceased, and in a line of lands late of Godfrey Case, deceased ; thence running along lands late of said Dunham and said Case due east to the southwest corner of lands of Wm. S, Wyckoff; thence in a northerly direction along the western line of the lands of said Wyckoff to the line of lands of Garrett Conover; thence in an easterly direction along the north line of said Wyckoff'e lands to the northwest corner of lands of the late Caleb G. Halstead, deceased ; thence along the north line of the last-named tract and lands of Henry Fields, including the same, to a corner in a straight line with the north line of said Henry Fields' lands, on the lands of John Race, and four hundred feet from the line between said Fields and said Raee ; thence in a southerly direction to the northeast corner of Oliver Kline's lot ; thence along the eaat line of said Kline's lot and lands of Wm. S. King in a southerly direction to the line of Isaac Aller's land ; tbence along said AUer's line to the east line of John Macklin's land ; thence along the line of said Aller in a southerly direction to the road between said Aller and Jacob D. Fritts ; thence along said road in a westerly direction to a comer in the great road leading from Clinton to Flemington ; thence alongsaid road in a southerly direction to the southeast corner of James P. Huffman's land ; thence along the line of said Jas. P. Huffman's land in a westerly direction to a corner in the South Branch of the Karitan Biver; thence due west to a corner in line of lands belonging to George Jones and Nehemiah Dunham ; thence along said line in a northerly direction to the northeast corner of said Jones' land ; ftom thence in a. northwesterly direction to the place of beginning, — shall be, and hereby is, erected into a borough or town corporate, which shall be called and known by the name of ' The Town of Clinton ;' and the inhabitants thereof shall be, and hereby are, incorporated by the name of ' The In- habitants of the town of Clinton.' " The first town-meeting was held at John B. Wel- ler's hotel, in Clinton, on the second Monday in April, 1865, when the following officers were chosen : Morris S. Stiger, Mayor; John B. Weller, EK Bosen- . berry, John T. Leigh, James P. Huffman, John A. Young, and Lemuel Madison, Councilmen ; John C. Besson, Clerk. The iirst meeting of the council was held April 19, 1865, when William Skinner was ap- pointed town treasurer, at a salary of $25 per annum, and John T. Leigh and Jas. P. Huffman street com- missioners. Herewith is given a list of the names of those who have served as mayors, councilmen, clerks, and treasurers from 1866 to 1880, inclusive : 1866. — Mayor, Morris S. Stiger ; Councilmen, John B. Weller, John T. Leigh, John A, Young, Eli Bo8enberr.y, James P. Huffman, and Lemuel W. Madison ; Clerk, John C. Besson ; Treasurer, N. W. Voorhees. 1867. — Mayor, John T. Leigh ; Councilmen, Lambert Humphrey, John S. Madison, Sylvester Van Syckel, Nathaniel W. Voorhees, Wil- liam C. Beeves, and Charles W. Altemus; Clerk, Theodore J. Hoffman ; Treasurer, Nathaniel W. Voorhees. 1868.— Mayor, C. W. Altemus ; Councilmen, N. W. Voorhees, J. S. Madi- son, H. C. Belden, John W. Probasco, S. Van Syckel, W. C. Beeves ; Clerk, P. Van Pelt ; Treasurer, N. W. Voorhees. 1869.— Mayor, John T. Leigh; Councilmen, John B. Weller, Heber C. Belden, John H. Low, John Case, Oliver Kline, Bloomfield Leigh ; Clerk, P. Van Pelt ; Treasurer, Nathaniel W. Voorhees. 1870. — Mayor, John A. Young; Councilmen, John H. Low, John Case, James P. Huffman, Nathaniel W. Voorhees, John B. Weller, Bloomfield Leigh ; Clerk, P. Van Pelt ; Treasurer, Nathaniel W. Voorhees. 1871.— Mayor, John Carpenter, Jr. ; Councilmen, Eobert Foster, Charles W. Altemus, John B. Weller, Bloomfield Leigh, Oliver Kline, William L. Rodenbough ; Clerk, Theodore J. Hoffman ; Treas- urer, N. W. Voorhees. 1872.— Mayor, C. W. Alt«mus ; Councilmen, John B. Weller, H. C. Bel- den, Bloomfield Leigh, Samuel Smith, Jonathan B. Allen, Wil- liam L. Bodenbough ; Clerk, Theodore J. Hoffman ; Treasurer, Nathaniel W. Voorhees. 1873.— Mayor, Eli Bosenberry ; Councilmen, J. B. Weller, H. C. Belden, J. E. Emery, S. M. Smith, Oliver Kline, and Jonathan B. Allen ; Clerk, Theodore J. Hoffman; Treasurer, N. W. Voorhees. 1874.— Mayor, Eli Bosenberry ; Councilmen, George Gnlick, Blisha Wene, S. Van Syckel, Wm. C. Reeves, John Lunger, Jacob Sweazy; I Clerk, W. H. Baker ; Treasurer, N. D. Stiger. 1875.— Mayor, H. C. Belden; Councilmen, S. Van Syckel, Charles W. Altemus, George Gulick, N. D. Stiger, and Jonathan E. Allen; Clerk, V- H. Baker; Treasurer, N. D. Stiger. 1876.— Mayor, H. C. Belden ; Councilmen, g. Van Syckel, N. D. Stiger, Jacob Sweazy, Bloomfield Leigh, M. C. Mulligan, and George Gulick ; Clerk, D. M. Gulick ; Treasurer, N. D. Stiger. 1877.— Mayor, Charles Baylor ; Councilmen, Geo. Gulick, Philip Gulick, John Lunger, Lambert Humphrey, Bloomfield Leigh, and John Case; Clerk, D. M. Gulick; Treasurer, Theodore J. Hoffman. 1878.— Mayor, Erastus Bunyau; Cnuucilmen, John S. Madison, Robert Foster, John W. Hulsizer, Cliarles Bowlsby, Samuel Smith, and CLINTON TILLAGE. 547 M. 0. Mulligan ; Clerk, D. M. Gulick ; Treasurer, Theodore J. Hoffman. 1879. — ^Mayor, Wm, H. Carpenter ; Councilmen, Holiert Foster, John W. Hnlsizer, Charles Bowlsby, Philip Gulick, John Case, A. S. Leatherman; Clerk, Thomas Bodenhough ; Treasurer, Samuel L. Voorhees. 1880. — Mayor, Erastus Eiinyan; Councilmen, N. "W. Voorhees, John A. Young, L. B. Baker, A. L. Leatherman, S. Van Syckel, Watson Corson ; Clerk, Thomas Rodenbough ; Treasurer, Samuel L. Voorhees. From tlie anmial report of the finances of the town issued March 31, 1880, it is learned that during the fiscal year the collector received $6869, paid out $6482.68, and had on hand (including balance received from former collector) $1125.24. The amount of un- paid taxes aggregated $69.63. The treasurer's report showed receipts of $2162.35, and payments of $1886.47, with balance on hand of $275.88. SCHOOLS. As far as present recollection goes, the first school taught in what is now Clinton village was a subscrip- tion school, by Nathan Wakefield, in 1817, in an old building formerly used as a currying-shop on an old tan-yard about 100 yards east of the Clinton National Bank. The existence of that tan-yard dated back some years at that time, for it was then and had long been abandoned, the last proprietors having been Thomas Parish and Henry Stiger. Wakefield was teacher there but one term, although he taught in the neighborhood a long time. The first district school-house in the borough limits was a stone structure, 20 feet square, built in 1827 (upon ground donated by David Miller), and stood at the corner of Centre and New Streets. The first teacher therein was Eeuben Frame. Feb. 22, 1869, the borough voted, by 61 to 11, to have a new school- house, and appropriated $10,000 therefor. It is a handsome irame edifice, two stories in height, and oc- cupies a commanding site. There are four depart- ments, although but three are occupied. The school enumeration is 242. Principal, George Fleming; Assistants, the Misses Walton and Eutan. The trus- tees of the district (numbered 53) are J. S. Madison, Erastus Eunyan, and Alfred Tritts. CHURCHES. THE PEESBTTEKIAN CHURCH OP CLINTON. Previous to 1829 there was no public preaching in the borough, although a Sunday-school, started in 1825 in a school-house near the present residence of Elijah Stout, was transferred to Gen. Hope's spinning- wheel factory in 1826, and in 1827 was held in the village school-house, just then erected. The demand for church services at home was not over-urgent, for the reasons that the population was meagre and churches near by, at Bethlehem' and Lebanon. When Clinton village began to expand, however, church conveniences began to assume the form of a pressing demand, and in response thereto' the New Jersey Mis- sionary Society, at the recommendation of Dr. Archi- bald Alexander, sent William Millar Carmichael, a graduate of Hamilton College and Princeton Theo- logical Seminary, and a licentiate of the Presbytery of Albany. His first sermon was preached in May or June, 1829, in the village school-house. He con- tinued his labors six weeks, and, returning to Prince- ton to graduate, came again to Clinton in the follow- ing November, and remained until March, 1830, when he passed to other fields. In 1829 the Presbytery of Newton sent also occasional supplies to Clinton, and for two years after Carmichael's departure pro- vided preaching about two Sabbaths each month. Among these supplies were Eevs. Hutton, Campbell, Kirkpatrick, Clark, Van Dervoort, Blauvelt, and Gray. During the winter of 1829-30 an agitation in favor of the erection of a Presbyterian church took shape, and at a meeting in which A. C. Dunham, J. W. Bray, J. B. Taylor, Nehemiah Dunham, A. W. Dunham, A. S. Taylor, aiid others participated it was resolved to build a house of worship iipon a lot dbnated by Bray & Taylor, and the work of construction, being commenced in May, 1830, was completed the same year, in which the ' edifice was also dedicated. Al- though a chur'cii was built in 1830, a churcli organi- zation was not effected until June, 1831, when the work was accomplished by a committee of the Pres- bytery of Newton, consisting of Drs. Kirkpatrick, Campbell, and Gray. The number of communicants at organization was 10,— to wit, William H. Yauger, Sr., Mrs. Yauger, John Race and wife, Nehemiah Dunham and wife, John H. Eodenbough and wife, Mary Ann Emery, and A. W. Dunham. The elders ordained on that occasion were Nehe- miah Dunham, William H. Yauger, and John Eace. The first pastor provided for the church was Alexan- der Macklin. He was sent as stated supply in April, 1832, and in 1833 was ordained. During his first year he increased the' membership from 13 to 56, and at the close of his second year to 76. Oct. 6, 1833, the Ladies' Missionary Society, still active, was formed. The officers were Mrs. Mary Bray, Directress ; Mrs. Elizabeth Miller, Treasurer; Mrs. Lydia A. Miller, Secretary ; Mrs. Adaline Taylor and Mrs. Ann Field, Managers. Mr. Macklin severed his connection with the church in the fall of 1835, and to him, in June, 1836, suc- ceeded Eev. Arthur B. Bradford, who remained a little more than two years. Eev. Albert Williams preached as 'stated supply from December, 1838, to May, 1839, was then installed as pastor, and re- mained until November, 1848. During his pastorate the church building was burned (Sept, 22, 1845), but rebuilding was at once commenced', and in Novem- ber 1846, the new house was dedicated. The next pastor, Eev. James C. Watson, was installed in No- vember, 1849, but remained only a year, and after that dependence was had upon supplies until Novem- ber, 1851, when Eev. John McNair was installed. 548 HUNTERDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. He remained twelve years, and in May, 1864, was succeeded by Rev. I. A. Blauvelt, during whose term of four years the churcli building was reconstructed at a cost of $6800. In 1868 a parsonage was built. In October, 1869, the present pastor, Eev. John Ewing, was installed. From the beginning to the present, 540 persons have been received into mem- bership, and of these 200 remain (November, 1880). Mention having been made that a Sunday-school was organized near Clinton (or Hunt's Mills) in 1825, it remains to be said that the same school is known as the Presbyterian Sunday-school. Mr. Henry Miller was the moving spirit in its organization, and in suc- cession to the present as superintendents may be named David Miller, Adam Stiger, A. W. Dunham, Morris S. Stiger, Eli Bosenbury, Peter Van Pelt, Eev. John Ewing, N. D. Stiger, and William H. Baker. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHUBCH. A Protestant Episcopal Church was established in Clinton in 1837, and in 1838 a house of worship was built. The first rector was Eev. William C. Crane ; the second, Eev. James Adams. AVith the close of the latter's labors, about 1846, the organization ceased. The church building was afterwards used for private school purposes, and is still known as the " Acad- emy." CLINTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH. Just when Methodist meetings were first held in Clinton village cannot be positively stated, although it may be estimated that the first class was formed at that point about 1830. Certain it is that there was a Methodist Episcopal Church at Allertown before there was one at Clinton (or Hunt's Mills), for in 1822, when the first Methodist Episcopal church edifice was built at Allertown, John Green, the Hunt's Mills blacksmith, was a leading member of the organization, and the inference is fair that he went down there to church because there was none at his home. Probably about 1830, Methodist meetings were held in the stone school-house, and in 1839 a building was put up, at which time a Eev. Mr. Wig- gins was the preacher in charge, and Nehemiah Clin- tan leader of the Clinton class. In 1842, Nathaniel Megronnigall was the class-leader at Clinton, Walter Burrows presiding elder, George Banghart preacher in charge, and Eichard Van Horn junior preacher. In 1844 the Clinton charge included Clinton, Aller- town, Cokesburg, Lebanon, Lebanonville, Mount Lebanon, Clarksville, Bethlehem, and Mountainville. In that year the preachers in charge were Eevs. Ed- ward Page and Samuel E. Post ; from 1845 to 1855, Eevs. Manning Force, John Fort, George Banghart, E. H. Stokes, J. P. McCormick, Eodney Winans, and J. N. Crane. In 1863 the house of worship now in use was erected. November, 1880, Annandale and Clinton were in the charge and included 162 members. The class- leaders were George Fleming, Jacob D. Fritts, and James Astle. The trustees were C. B. Melick, Ed- mund Melick, Theodore Melick, Isaiah Fritts, N. S, Wyckoflf, B. 0. Smith, and Christopher Starner. The Sunday-school, at Clinton, in charge of J. H. Low and eighteen teachers, had an average attendance of of 110. BAPTIST CHUBCH OF CLINTON. Until May, 1870, the Baptists residing at Clinton worshiped at the Bethlehem Baptist church, but on May 22d of that year six persons, led by Eev. Henry Westcott, formed a branch church at Clinton. It was resolved straightway to build a church, and, J. T. Leigh, J. D. Cregar, and Elisha Wene being chosen a building committee, ground was broken in the summer of 1871 ; October 25th the corner-stone was laid, Eevs. E. A. Woods, of Flemington, Andrew Armstrong, of Easton, and Henry Westcott officiating. In February, 1872, the Bethlehem Church resolved that the church at Clinton should be an independent organization, and accordingly, March 2, 1872, letters were granted to 25 persons, who, with 12 others, united in forming the Clinton Church. The names of the 37 constituent members were Eev. Henry Westcott, Mary M. Westcott, Hattie E. Westcott, J. F. Westcott, John T. Leigh, Mary Leigh, Emily Leigh, Samuel and Mary Leigh, J. D. Cregar, Mary E. Cregar, Elizabeth Cregar, A. C. Cregar, Zilpah Cregar, Henry and Ann Eocka- fellow, William and Mary E. Chamberlain, Mary K. Chamberlain, Edward and Mary Ann Barrass, Sarah G. Barrass, Elisha and Mary A. Wene, Sarah Ann Yauger, Mary C. Wagner, Hettie Bodine, David Brown, John Hulsizer, Eachel Prall, Mrs. Wm. Briggs, Ellen Volk, Ann E. Case, Julia Stewart, Mrs. Dilts, W. D. L. Bobbins, Amelia M. Eobbins. The church was recognized March 20, 1872, and the edifice dedicated Aug. 1, 1872. The deacons first chosen were Edward Barrass, John T. Leigh, J. D. Cregar, and W. D. L. Eobbins, who was appointed clerk, and J. T. Leigh treasurer. Eev. Henry West- cott, who was engaged as the first pastor, served to Feb. 2, 1873. Eev. W. H. Shermer succeeded him April 13, 1873, resigned Feb. 11, 1877, and in March of the latter year was followed by Eev. G. B. Young. Mr. Young retired in June, 1879, and then came Eev. H. D. Doolittle, who served until his death, June 23, 1880. The church is now in a flourishing condition, with an active membership of 66. The pulpit is temporarily supplied at present. CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION (ROMAN CATHOLIC). Eeligious services were held by Catholic priests in Clinton village as early as 1840, perhaps before. The priests came from Easton and preached in houses of professors of the faith, although the preaching was not very frequent,— not oftener than once in two months or maybe less. In 1850, Father Eearidon, of Easton (still a priest there), visited Clinton once CLINTON VILLAGE. 54» in six weeks or two months, and held services in the residence of Francis Mulligan. At the commence- ment of his labors his congregation included some- thing like eighteen families, for whom he preached several years. About 1860, Francis Mulligan's barn was fitted up as a church, and meetings were held in that until the completion of the present house of worship, in 1879. The successive pastors after Father Hearidon were Revs. Jago, Rolland, Leonard O'Neil, and Brady, the priest now in charge. November, 1880, the congregation represented forty families, the trustees then being James Mulligan and Barney Carr. PHYSICIANS. The first physician resident in what is now the village of Clinton was doubtless Benjamin Van Cleve Hunt, brother to Ealph Hunt, proprietor of Hunt's Mills. Dr. Hunt made his home at Hunt's Mills before 1810, in the house now occupied by James R. Kline. In 1818, Dr. Hunt removed to Ohio. In the same year William P. Clarke occupied the field at Hunt's Mills, and remained until 1825. John Manners located in 1818, and practiced until his death, in 1853. Drs. C. Crawford, Henry Field, and Moore were village doctors from 1829 to 1850, and in 1851 came Sylvester Van Syckel, yet in practice. In 1866, Joseph B. Bird became a partner with Dr. Van Syckel, and remained until 1873. Dr. James, who came in 1877, remained but a short time. Wm. Knight and J. M. Frace came in 1878, and, with Dr. Van Syckel, comprised the list in November, 1880. BANKING. CLINTON NATIONAL BANK. This, the oldest banking institution in Clinton, was founded in 1856, under the general banking law, as the Clinton Bank, with a capital of $100,000, of which $80,000 was paid in. There were thirteen directors,— Robert Foster, James P. Hufiinan, J. T. Leigh, J. A. Young, Wm. Egbert, E. A. Rockhill, J. H. Hufi'man, Jos. Boss, Peter Melick, Peter Sigler, N. S. Cramer, Bennet Van Syckel, and Whitfield Dunham, — of whom Robert Foster was chosen president and N. W. Voorhees cashier. Business was commenced in a building standing just west of the post-office, but about 1860 the present banking-house was occupied. In July, 1865, the institution was reorganized as " The Clinton National Bank," with a capital of $100,000. In 1874, Mr. Voorhees was succeeded as cashier by B. V. Leigh, and in January, 1875, Mr. Foster re- tired from the presidency, when Joseph Van Syckel was chosen to succeed him. Messrs. Van Syckel and Leigh are still respectively president and cashier, and John T. Leigh vice-president. The directors for 1880 were J. H. Rockafellow, J. N. Ramsey, N. Boyd, T. E. Hunt, Edward Humphrey, Wm. Egbert, Elijah Stout, S. Van Syckel, J. Van Syckel, John T. Leigh, A. J. Reeves, Fisher Pidcock, and Sydney Yard. riEST NATIONAL BANK. The First National Bank of Clinton was incorpo- rated Jan. 29, 1875, with a capital of $100,000. The subscribers to the stock at the first meeting, held in Weller's Hotel, numbered twenty -five, of whom Rob- ert Foster, John A. Young, Samuel Parry, James R. Kline, Whitfield Dunham, F. A. Potts, John F. Gran- din, Wm. Johnson, Benjamin E. Young, Jacob R. Fisher, Peter A. Beavers, Peter Cramer, and Martin Wyckofi" were chosen directors. Robert Foster was elected president and N. W. Voorhees cashier. Under authorization, the bank commenced business April 8, 1875. From the published report dated Oct. 1, 1880, it appears that at that time the loans and dis- counts aggregated $158,780 ; that there were due from approved reserve agents $55,410, and from other na- tional banks $4363 ; value of real estate held by the bank, $2300; outstanding currency, $90,000; undi- vided profits, $5304.60 ; deposits, $145,870 ; due other national banks, $6055.76. Robert Foster has been the president and N. W. Voorhees the cashier since 1875. The directors for 1880 were Robert Foster, Peter A. Beavers, Peter Cramer, Whitfield Dunham, J. R. Fisher, J. F. Grandin, Wm. Johnson, J. R. Kline, F. A. Potts, Samuel Parry, Martin Wyckofi", B. E. Young, J. A. Young. LIME-BURNING. There were lime-burners in and near the present village perhaps before the Revolution, and likely enough among the first of them were the Hunts. Peter Young, father of John A., of Clinton, burned lime in 1816 upon a field within the present borough, where the same had been done long before. Gen. Hope was a lime-burner, and, indeed, so were many of the early comers. The lime-cliffs rising abruptly upon the west bank of the river within the village limits, and extending about two miles up Spruce Run, were not much quarried before 1840, but since then have been steadily worked. In the borough limits the limestone hills are estimated to cover about 640- acres. Although now the amount burned annually aggregates 60,000 bushels, there is less done than there was a few years ago. VILLAGE GRAVEYARDS. There was no village cemetery in Clinton until 1830, when the burial-ground at the Presbyterian church was laid out. The oldest grave there is said to- be that of Midshipman Robert Taylor, who died in th& naval service of the United States at Port Rogers in the West Indies, Sept. 14, 1823, and in 1830 was- brought to Clinton and laid to rest in the new ceme- tery. In that burial-place the striking architectural features are two handsome granite shafts. One com- memorates the death of Brig.-Gen. Geo. W. Taylor, wounded at the battle of Manassas, Aug. 27, 1862, and died at Alexandria, Sept. 1, 1862. The second records the death of Capt. Archibald Taylor, of the 550 HUNTEEDON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Third Regiment New Jersey Infantry, who fell at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863, aged twenty. Just nortli of the village there is a tastefully laid out cemetery belonging to the Methodist Episcopal church, and a third burial-ground at the Catholic church. SOCIETIES. " Stewart Lodge, No. 34, F. and A. M.," named in honor of E. Stewart, then M. W. G. M., was organ- ized Dec. 1, 1854, at White House, in Eeadington township. Present at the first meeting were J. C. Eafferty, W. M. ; E. E. Hall, S. W. ; G. T. Blake, J. W. ; J. A. Apgar, Treas. ; M. D. Trefren, Sec. ; J. E. Kline, S. D. ; S. Clark, J. D. ; P. Cook, Tiler. Jan. 10, 1855, a charter was issued to the lodge. In 1865 its quarters were removed to Annandale (then called Clinton Station), and in 1873 a second removal was made, to Clinton. The Masters of the lodge since 1854 have been J. C. Eafferty, M. D. Trefren, A. E. Sanderson, Joel Bryant, J. E. Ewing, E. H. Gano, W. E. Hoffman, H. Altemus, W. D. L. Bobbins, and W. H. Baker. The membership, November, 1880, was 90, when the officers were William H. Baker, W. M. ; James R. Kline, S. W. ; John Lunger, J. W. ; J. B. Weller, Treas. ; E. Laquay, Sec. ; Herman Alte- mus, S. D. ; Watson Corson, J. D. ; H. Crampton, Tiler. " Clinton Lodge, United American Mechanics," was organized July 8, 1869, with the following as members : John Bosenbury, Samuel W. Smith, John Manning, Daniel Stires, Whitfield Sweazey, Emanuel Manning, J. E. Van Syckel, Eobert S. Eodenbough, J. H. Lowe, T. T. Bosenbury, Frederick Lunger, A. G. Manning, J. E. Allen, H. Altemus, Samuel Man- ning, Jesse Teats, Theodore Madison, E. P. Holeman, William C. Eeeves, Alfred Fritts. The first coun- cilor was J. H. Lowe. After him the councilors to 1880 have been T. T. Bosenbury, J. E. Allen, J. Bo- senbury, E. H. Eodenbough, William L. Eodenbough, William H. Waldron, A. D. Manning, Samuel Man- ning, Charles H. Matthews, E. H. Eodenbough. Al- though the lodge has had as many as 111 members at one time, the number has now fallen to 38. The offi- cers in November, 1880, were R. H. Eodenbough, C. ; John Bosenbury, V. C. ; A. M. Trimmer, Sec. ; T. T. Bosenbury, A. Sec. ; W. H. Waldron, F. Sec. ; B. C. Smith, Treas. ; O. Urich, Inductor ; James Altemus, Ex. ; Jacob Eike, J. P. ; A. D. Manning, O. P. " Capoolong Lodge, No. 185, I. 0. 0. F.," was or- ganized June 29, 1875, with the following members : William Knight, N. G. ; Daniel Cowel, V. G. ; A. V. Lunger, E. S. ; J. J. AUer, P. S. ; E. E. Hartpence, Treas. The membership is now 45. The officers are E. V. Blue, N. G. ; A. Bunn, V. G. ; William Hum- mer, R. Sec. ; P. Wagner, P. Sec. ; J. H. Lowe, Treas. The Noble Grands of the lodge since 1875 have been William Knight, L. B. Baker, A. V. Lunger, E. R. Hartpence, G. W. Gebhardt, M. F. Proof, William Lunger, E. Laquay, and E. V. Blue. "Independent Gospel Temperance Union" was or- ganized June 21, 1878, in Dr. Everett's office. Gospel temperance meetings are held monthly in the Clinton churches and in the Stone church at Bethlehem. The officers are Eev. J. E. Ewing, President ; Eev. J. H. Euth, I. G. Williamson, and J. T. Leigh, Vice- Presidents; George Fleming, Eecording Secretary; G. W. Everett, Corresponding Secretary ; Peter Case, Treasurer. SUNDAY-SCHOOL INSTITUTE. At a county Sunday-school convention held in Bloomsbury, Oct. 15, 1873, the county was divided into three Sunday-school districts, of which No. 1 was to be the townships of Bethlehem, Lebanon, High Bridge, Tewksbury, Clinton, and Union, and the borough of Clinton. The first president of No. 1 was B. E. Young, and the first secretary Rev. T. D. Frazee, chosen at the first meeting of the institute, May 26, 1874. The officers in November, 1880, were Eev. S. W. Eoe, D.D., of Lebanon, President; Wil- liam S. Wyckoff, of Clinton, Vice-President ; William H. Baker, of Clinton borough, Secretary and Treas- urer. The present representation in the institute in- cludes forty-four Sunday-schools. HISTORY OF SOMERSET COUNTY. CHAPTEE I. THE PHYSICJAL FEATURES OP SOMEBSET COUNTY.* Ijocation — Extent — Boundaries — Physical Features — Geological Forma- tions — The Red Sandstone, Red Shale, Limestone, Trap, and other Boc]£B — Minerals and Mines, etc. EXTENT AND BOUNDARIES. Somerset Cottn'ty is situated very nearly in the geographical centre of the State, lying between 40° 22' and 40° 45' north latitude, and extending from 74° 27' westward to 74° 47' west of Greenwich. Its central latitude is 40° 34'. Its climate is mild and healthful. It contains nearly one hundred and ninety- six thousand acres, or three hundred and six square miles, of surface. It is bounded on the north by Morris and Union Counties, on the east by Union and Middlesex, on the south by Middlesex and Mercer, and on the west by Mercer and Hunterdon Counties. TOPOGRAPHY, Etc. The predominant aspect of the surface is that of a soft and gentle pastoral landscape, except in its northern part, where its hills, in graceful outlines, harmoniously blend with the woodlands, meadows, and fields of its central and southern portions. No towering mountains or steep acclivities are here to be found; yet from many an eminence views are obtained as fine and as wide-spreading as can be had in some localities only from mountain-tops. The surface in the larger part of the county is roll- ing or undulating, — neither flat nor hilly, but so com- posed of hill and dale as to insure proper drainage, and yet present no obstacle to agriculture and tillage. Its mountains, so called, rise to an altitude of from only one hundred and fifty to three hundred feet. They are of the trap formation, but it nowhere as- sumes the columnar form. The South Branch of the Earitan, rising in Brook- lyn Pond, in Morris County, a few miles north of Drakesville, courses along the western base of Fox Hill, receives the waters of Budd's Lake, and drains the German Valley ; it then passes west of Eound Mountain and enters upon the red-shale district, flow- ing to the northward of Flemington, thence nearly eastward to Neshanic, where it changes its course, its direction being nearly northeasterly to the point where it joins the North Branch in forming the Earitan * By Rev. Abram Messier, D.D. Eiver, through which its waters are discharged into the bay at Amboy. The North Branch has its head near Calais, in Morris County, not far from the source of the South Branch ; but this stream is not diverted by the range of Fox Hill, and therefore naturally finds a channel more directly towards the red-shale district, and, flow- ing nearly southerly, meets the South Branch and sends its waters oceanward by the same channel. It has a larger branch, and a longer, called, first. Black Eiver, then the Lamington, which first receives the waters of the North and South Eockaway. These principal streams discharge almost all the waters of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties. They all flow through broad valleys, whose rich alluvial soils afibrd a sure reward to the husbandman's labor. The South Branch is the westernmost stream in New Jersey which finds its way to the Atlantic. The valley of the Earitan forms a prominent fea- ture in the topography of Somerset County. The river of that name has only one principal branch, coming into it from the south, the Millstone with its several affluents. When the first settlers came to the vicinity of Somerville, its broad alluvial lands were found without trees, with extensive meadows rich in pasture and ready for the hand of the agri- culturist. The Indians had used them long before as corn-lands. It is this broad valley, with its contiguous table-lands, which gives to Somerset the title of " the garden of the State." The hills in the north part of the county can hardly be called mountains, yet they give variety to the scenery. In the trap range north of Somerville is a romantic gorge which has become quite celebrated as a resort for pleasure-parties. It forms the passage through which Middle Brook (called by the Indians " Eaweighweros" ) finds its way to the Earitan. En- tering the gorge from the south, a narrow dell is seen, on the west side of which the Eound Top rises nearly three hundred feet ; on the east the wall of trap is nearly perpendicular, and upon it rests a rock about twelve feet in height and five or six square, resem- bling an old broken stone chimney. This is the famed " Chimney Eock.'' A short distance beyond is a precipice nearly as high as that upon the east side. Here the two branches of the little stream unite. Just above, upon the right-hand branch, is a beautiful cascade, known as " Buttermilk Falls.'' The left-hand stream winds around the precipice and leads 551 552 SOMBKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. the romantic visitor into Washington Valley, around which cluster memories of the Eevolution. This gorge was protected by cannon, and formed the avenue of communication from the north to the south side of the mountain during that exciting period. The woodland in the north part of the county is yet abundant and , increasing ; it consists principally of the oak in all its varieties, ash, maple, elm, hickory, and chestnut. In the red-shale district of the county especially the foliage has a vivid brightness — due, perhaps, to the peculiar soil — which has caused it to be designated "the greenest place" in New Jersey. Whatever the cause, this brightness and freshness of foliage is often remarked. It is a natural beauty for which Somerset is distinguished. GEOLOGICAL. Geologically considered, the area of Somerset County is made up almost entirely of five distinct formations. The first and the largest is the argillaceous sandstone, or red shale, one of the most extensive of the Triassic formations. The second is the variegated conglomer- ate, upon which the red shale rests along its northwest line in an unconformable manner. The third em- braces the trap ranges protruded from it ; and fourth the older gneiss rocks, upon which the conglomerate rests. This, as a formation of the Azoic Age, occu- pies a position next to the primitive granite. Asso- ciated with this rock is, fifth, the blue limestone, which crops out in a few places only within the boundaries of the county, but which is of great economic value when it is used in architecture and in agriculture. These several formations will be treated in the order indicated above. THE BED SANDSTONE AND KED SHALE. This formation presents to view commonly a dull- red, highly-argillaceous sandstone, in which, when the proportion of the clay is in excess, the rock as- sumes a slaty texture and fracture ; in other instances the sandy particles are more predominant, though very fine, and then it assumes a massive form. Then, again, it appears in a condition in which it has em- bodied a small quantity of mica, which modifies its form, and it can be broken up in masses for building purposes or split into flagstones. Several beds of the series, especially low down in the mass of the strata, resemble somewhat a coarse conglomerate, showing that they have been formed from the rocks of an older class and assuming a yellowish hue. Eanges of this form of the rock are seen almost everywhere in Somerset County, and when denuded or exposed near the surface are employed extensively in agriculture and masonry. The prevailing red hue of the strata is obviously due to the fact that they contain a portion of the red oxide of iron. Some of the beds of the shale and fine-grained sandstone, from local causes, have a bluish-green hue, while other large tracts have a dull- brown color, the eifect of the heat of the adjacent trap rocks, and in some localities they have been so baked that they have a ringing sound when struck like clink-stone. We give an analysis of the red shale in the vicinity of New Brunswick, which will show all the materials of which it is composed. In 100 parts, 73 are silicic acid and quartz ; peroxide of iron, 10 ; alumina, 3.20 ; lime, 4.93 ; magnesia, 0.98 ; potash, 0.73 ; soda, 0.97, with a trace of sulphuric and car- bonic acid and water. The soil of a large part of Somerset County is made up of this compound mass, and its value is sufficiently evident from these com- ponent parts. The lime, iron, potash, soda, and mag- nesia are specially noticeable as valuable ingredients. In the vicinity of New Brunswick, from thence northwest to Bound Brook, and perhaps even as far as the vicinity of New Germantown, the red sand- stone and shale are of a soft and argillaceous char- acter, decomposing rapidly when exposed to the action of the atmosphere. There are only a few layers scattered through it which furnish a stone that is of any value. The soil resting on the top of it always presents a tinge of color which has been de- rived from its decomposition. In many places it comes up so near the surface that the growth of trees is rendered difficult and uncertain, and the vegetation produced on it is peculiarly liable to injury from drought ; yet in a good season it yields the farmer a profitable remuneration for his labor, and when it has been treated with lime, which absorbs and preserves, in time of drought, the moisture of the atmosphere, it claims to be called fertile land. There are only two portions of the State of New Jersey which are more desirable as agricultural lands, — the valleys of the Musconetcong and Paulinskill, in Sussex and Warren Counties, and the marl district in Monmouth. The rocks of the red sandstone and shale are all regularly stratified and have a uniform dip to the northwest, except when they have been subjected to some disturbance from the upheavel or protrusion of other formations. This dip varies from five to twenty degrees. The thickness of the red sandstone and shale for- mation of this vicinity, according to Prof. Cook, is twenty-seven thousand feet, or more than five miles. *' If the mode of computation is right, the result must he accepted. Those who think the strata were once horizontal, and were thrown into their present inclined position at some later period, adopt this conclusion, others, who think the strata were deposited on a slope, as we now lind them, do not consider the above as being the true thickness. They suppose that the strata on the southeast border were first deposited on this north- west slope, and then that the upper edges were worn off and the material carried farther northwest, to be again deposited and form new strata upon the lower parts of those already deposited. Without any addition of material there would then he, in this way, a multiplication of strata all having the same dip; and such a process could go on until the forma- tion had widened out to its present extent. Such a mode of formation would not require that the whole series of strata should be more than a few hundred — or possibly a thousand — feet in thickness."* * Geology of New Jersey, page 175. THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SOMERSET COUNTY. 553 We will not decide the question of right between the two modes of calculation, except to say that a well in New Brunswick has been sunk four hundred and fifty feet, several in Newark four hundred and six hundred feet, and one in Paterson thirteen hun- dred feet, all in the red sandstone and shale. Perhaps some future observations may determine the question at present in dispute ; until then we will have to wait patiently. All observations unite in showing that the red sand- stone and shale of New Jersey are of a sedimentary character. The materials composing them must have been deposited in water during the progress of many ages ; and, since an analysis shows so little trace of any of the ingredients of the salt water of the ocean, we add, deposited in fresh water. In what period of geological history this widely- diffiised series of sedimentary strata originated we are not able to determine, but some data may afford an approximation. The organic remains in them are but few. They are certainly not so recent as the green sand, as is proved by their passing unconform- ably beneath that formation ; and that they are more modern than the coal is not less conclusively shown by their reposing unconformably and without signs of disturbance upon the lower members of the Appa- lachian rocks in districts of the country where the uplifting of these and of the carboniferous strata at the top of the same series has obviously been cotem- poraneous. The vast space of time during which the depositions were being made may be imagined by the thickness of the strata, which, as we have said, has only been imperfectly ascertained, but must evi- dently be very great. Some indications of the period of the formation of the red shale and sandstone formation in New Jersey are also found in the fossils which they contain. There are no marine shells at all, proving that these strata are not upheavals from any primitive ocean. But there are remains of plants, footprints of birds, and fossil fish found in many different places. We are confined to our own small field, and therefore begin by saying that the plants seem to be of the Lepidodendron class, belonging to the lower series of the Devonian period, and cotemporary with the Pittsburgh coal. The fossil plants found in our district, however, are not well defined, and it would be unsafe to place much depend- ence upon any inferences as to the age of the strata made from them, — at least at present. Fossil fishes have been found in the debris thrown out of the copper mines in Washington Valley, and in several places in the shales at the west foot of the mountain between Bound Brook and Pluckamin. Several specimens of these are to be seen among the collection of the Geological Survey at Trenton. There is also an extensive collection in the museum of Columbia College, New York. Footprints of dif- ferent three-toed animals or reptiles have also been found. In Washington Valley, in a grayish flagstone, there are marks which resemble the bed which the sunfish [Ichthyosaurus orthagoniscus) makes preparatory to depositing his spawn. It is in the form of a circle from twelve to twenty inches in diameter. The im- pressions are so plain that no one who has ever noticed a sunfish-bed in a clear fresh-water stream can possibly mistake it. It is another instance in proof of the conclusion above indicated, that the strata of the red shale and sandstone were deposited in fresh water. There are many other places outside of our district in which the fossil fish and focitmarks have been found. The sandstone variety of the Triassio formation in Somerset County, as distinct from the red shale, has not yet attracted the attention which its value for economic purposes warrants us in saying that it will attain. It is easily formed into any required shape ; it is durable, resisting the action of the atmosphere in a remarkable degree ; it is abundant in almost all the neighborhoods of this county ; it is not generally deeply imbedded, so that little labor is required to ob- tain it ; and it can be had in almost all the districts at a comparatively small expense. The brown and yel- lowish varieties are seen in several important edifices in the State. Rutgers College, the Newark court- house, State-House at Trenton, and Trinity Church in New York City are all built of it. There remains only one more circumstance of im- portance to be mentioned respecting the red shale and sandstone. It seems to have been subjected, at some period after its deposition, to a process of denu- dation, by which the upper surface of the strata or the outcrop has been abraded and worn away, ex- posing them almost naked to the action of the weather. In some localities are found sand-hills, identical in their character with the mass of the same material which forms the surface of a large dis- trict of country southeast of South River, in Middle- sex County, and on the borders of Monmouth. Can this sand have come from our district? There are also many evidences of a violent and powerful move- ment from the northward. Large rocks of gran- itic gneiss are found lying on the surface of the soil in many places within our district, which must have been transported from the gneiss hills or gneiss forma- tions in Morris and Sussex Counties. Some of these rocks must weigh at least twenty tons, or more. Sev- eral pieces of the variegated conglomerate which is in place on the east side of Greenwood Lake have been found on the trap ranges north of Somerville. THE TRAP FORMATION. All authorities unite in affirming that trap is of igneous or volcanic origin. Ordinarily, it is of a greenish gray color, and its aspect varies from that of a fine-grained, compact basalt to that of a coarsely- crystallized greenstone. It contains, in difierent lo- calities, besides its more essential components, — horn- 554 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. blend, feldspar, augite, and titaniferous oxide of iron, — various other minerals of more rare occurrence, such as epidote, prehnite, zeolite, stilbite, an alcime, and datholite. Trap consists, in its purer state, mostly of feldspar. When united with hornblend it belongs to the variety classed as greenstone. When associated with augite it is called doleriie. When it consists of feldspar, au- gite, and the titaniferous oxide of iron, it is properly called a basalt. A fourth variety is called loadstone, — an amygdaloidal rock composed of a vesicular cement or paste, usually a fine-grained and rather earthy ba- salt containing small spherical cavities occupied by extraneous minerals. The crystalline structure of the trappean rooks is no less various than their com- position. It presents every gradation from that of a homogeneous paste, in which all trace of a distinct grain disappears, to a coarsely-granular aspect, in which we may easily detect the several other constit- uent minerals. The structural appearance of the trap rocks is usu- ally that of an amorphous or massive character, des- titute of any greater regularity in its joints than a tendency to a cubical or trapezoidal form in the blocks into which it naturally separates. But in some in- stances it displays a tendency to a bedded form, as if while in a fluid state layer after layer had flowed one over another in forming the mass which was thrown up. In only a few places in this section does it as- sume the true basaltic character, separating into reg- ularly-formed prismatic columns. Almost every relation which igneous rocks ever pre- sent to the strata intersected by them is seen in the several positions of the red sandstone and trap in Som- erset and Hunterdon Counties. The usual mode is where it reposes unconformably upon the secondary strata. A very striking instance of this is seen in the gorge of Chimney Eock, near Middlebrook. There may be traced the trap above the red shale from the south side of the mass, which at a distance looks like an old dilapidated chimney resting on the shale and conforming to its dip for a hundred and fifty yards, until the falls of the east branch of the Middle Brook are reached, at which point the trap protruded upwards through the red shale, and, being in a semi- fluid state, gradually settled over in a southward direction until it became solid, and so it has remained ever since. A little to the northwest — perhaps five hundred yards — some years since a pit was dug in order to obtain the red shale in a pure form for the purpose of grinding it into paint, and huge broken masses were uncovered, looking as if they had been thrown ofi" in a confused heap when the trap was forced through the strata, previously lying in a per- fectly conformable position as they were originally deposited. This, with many other facts, appears to us to be conclusive evidence that the trap is, geologically, more recent than the sandstone, but does not point out the precise period when it was protruded; nor can we determine decisively whether the different trap ridges in Somerset were all upheaved at the same time or at different periods in the Triassic Age of geological science. Evidences of the intense volcanic heat embodied in it when it was extruded to the surface are numerous. A broad ridge of trap extends from near Neshanic church southwestward until it crosses the river into Pennsylvania. It has an elevation varying from three to five hundred feet. Its length is about seventeen miles, and the average breadth about two miles. The range has a narrow core or dyke of trap rock in its centre flanked on each side by dark indurated argil- laceous shale. At the end near Flaggtown it is so changed in color and baked by heat that it rings like clink-stone when struck with a hammer. The outcropping trap is seen at Mount Airy, near Rock Mill, and at the northeastern terminus of the range, near Flaggtown. About a mile south of this terminus, on the southeast side of the ridge, there is a remarkable indentation, formed, apparently, by the wash of a small stream of water making its way down to the level land, in which are great masses of rock lying in confusion, one upon another, touching only at the point of contact, and which has been called expressively "The Devil's Half- Acre." A mile farther south a huge mass of rock standing alone is called "Fort Hans;" and still another farther south, similar to the first, is known as the " Roaring Rocks." These localities are favorite resorts for pic- nic parties, and are considered great curiosities by many intelligent people, who, however, have no con- ception of their geological relations and origin. Looking from the Neshanic Mountain to the south- east, we see Rocky Hill culminating in Mount Rose, rising to the height of four hundred and thirteen feet, and terminating west of Hopewell. The trend of the mountain is west-southwest from the Millstone River, and it extends about nine miles to Mount Rose. Here it changes to a northwest course, which is preserved until its termination is reached. Neither of the slopes are very steep, yet there is a difference between them. That towards Blawenburg and Hopewell is very much more gradual than that on the south side of the ridge. The outcrop of the trap is only seen near the Millstone, about Mount Rose, and south of Hopewell. Loose rocks and yellow trap soil are characteristic of the whole range. On each side, between the trap and the red shale, may be observed a bluish shale indu- rated and changed in its color by contact with the ig- neous rock, proving, as elsewhere, the heated state of the trap when it was protruded from below. There is another ridge on a line connecting Rocky Hill and what is called Bald Pate Mountain, known also as Pennington Mountain. It is isolated from the former merely by an interval of shale, and is about two miles long and half a mile wide. Its south face is very steep and rocky, and rises to the height of two THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SOMERSET COUNTY. 555 hundred feet. Its general direction is northeast and southwest. It is not unlike the other trap formations in this vicinity, and therefore demands no further notice. On the east side of the Millstone Eiver is a range of trap elevations which must be regarded as a con- tinuation of Rocky Hill in its eastern direction. In some places it is covered deeply with drift and but imperfectly visible, yet no one passing over the country can well fail to see how the trap at Green's Pond and at Ten-Mile Run is an integral part of Rocky Hill. Professor Rodgers says of this forma- tion, — " CbmmeQcing at its eastern termination, near Lawrence's Brook, we observe the shale on both sides of the dyke a£snming a bluish tint or color and an extremely compact stnictnre. In the southern declivity it is purplish or chocolate color in its tints and excessively hard and tough. It is studded throughout with small spherical knobs or crystalline nodules, consisting of the minerals known as epidote and homblend in u state of imperfect crystallization. This belt of altered shale extends from a point half a mile southeast of the straight turnpike to the Millstone River, near Kingston. The changes induced in the whole lithoid character and stmcture of the shale by the intinided igneous rock are finely exhibited along the canal at both the southern and northern bases of the Rocky Hill dyke, evincing a curious gradation in the crystalline action as we approach the trap." Large blocks of this altered shale are to be seen along the Millstone as far north as Weston, but in places so rem.ote from the river and so high above its present current as to show some action of flood and ice in former ages not now existing. East of Neshanic Mountain and not far from Plain- ville, about half-way towards the Millstone River, there is a small outcrop of trap, made evident by the broken fragments which completely cover the ground for a circular space of a hundred or more feet in di- ameter. On the bank of the Raritan and Delaware Canal, also, below Blackwell's Mills, another small outcrop, not more than six or eight feet in width, ap- pears. It seems to have burst out from below through a fissure of the red shale and remained there, standing alone and producing but little visible effect of any kind except the small blocks which lie on the surface around it, covering a space of several square yards. In excavating the Raritan Canal the hill was so cut away as to expose this little pillar for thirty feet in perpendicular height. We are now brought to the most prominent of the trap ranges in our district, — viz., the two parallel ranges north of Somerville : perhaps we might more accurately say three. The first range begins near Pluckamin and has a southeastern and eastern direc- tion until it reaches the gorge at Middle Brook ; thence it tends east and northeast until it reaches Paterson. At Milburn there is a broad gap, and at Plainfield a narrow passage, through which a branch of Green Brook finds its way out towards the Raritan. Be- tween its inner and outer slopes there is a great dif- ference. The inner is gentle; the outer steep, and often precipitous. North of Somerville the red shale in some places rises up almost to the top of the dyke of trap, — in fact, is immediately contiguous to it. At other places the debris of the trap rests upon it and overlies it, so as to hide it from sight. Always the fact of protrusion is so visibly present as to indicate impressively its origin. The height of the whole ridge is remarkably uniform, ranging from three hundred to six hundred and fifty feet above the sea- level. Washington Rock, near Plainfield, is five hun- dred and eleven feet in height. The top of the range is never broad, — in many places is, in fact, less than a mile in width. Parallel to this first range is a second, beginning near Bernardsville and running first southwest, then south-southeast and south, following closely the trend of the first. It is more than double the width of the first range until it has passed beyond the limits of Somerset County. Its height is much more variable than that of the first, and its slope more gentle. In fact, the abrupt dyke is seldom visible. Between these two ranges there is an elevated valley known as Washington Valley. Beyond this second mountain there is still another trap range, or Third Mountain. Long Hill and Bask- ing Ridge are parts of it. Both these formations are less elevated than the other two, and they are narrow and level-topped, with the red shale rising up nearly to the apex of the elevation. Their average height is not more than two hundred feet. Their general aspect indicates that the protruding force had in a measure subsided when the eruption took place, or, perhaps, being farther from the centre of action, had less power to overcome the resistance opposed to it, and so not only threw up less material, but also less in elevation. The age of the great geological formation in Som- erset County we do not pretend to fix.* It may have been not only more recent than those which remain to be noticed, but perhaps the most recent of all. It is evidently the result of some great volcanic action which either then expended itself entirely or has since remained dormant. The next formation to be considered is what Prof. Rodgers calls "the variegated calcareous conglom- erate," forming the northwestern boundary of the red shale and sandstone strata so extensively spread out in our district. Conglomerate, says Dr. Cook, is a rock composed of fragments or pebbles of other rocks. The pebbles may be of quartz, limestone, slate, or other substances, and they may vary in size from a buckshot to the bowlder of a foot or more in diameter. The cementing material may be oxide of iron, carbonate of lime, or other fine substances, and the color may depend upon the cementing paste or upon the pebbles themselves inclosed in it. * We have no historical records of these remote times. Man had not then found a habitation upon the surface of this mundane sphere ; and there is nothing by which we can calculate passing events. We only know that some things must have been first and others last in the con- solidation of the crust of the globe. 556 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. The theory of the formation of the conglomerate is given in Eodgers' report. It overlies the red sandstone and shale, and therefore is of a later origin. There is but little difficulty in explaining both its source and the character of the circumstances attending its form- ation. The fragmentary materials of which it consists can be traced, in every instance, to the older rocks of the neighboring hills, immediately bordering on the conglomerate on the northwest ; and we can also dis- cover a relation between the amount of the several kinds of pebbles and that of the strata along the flanks of the formation itself In order to account for the violent denudation which has taken place along the range of the old gneiss and granite rocks, we have only to advert to the state of things attendant upon the outburst of the trap ranges. This rock, intersecting and overlying all portions of the red shale and sandstone, as well its earliest as its latest formed beds, was manifestly of simultaneous date through the entire region of our district not only, but of the whole continent. The violent agitation of this whole belt of countiy, and the vertical rising of the red shale depositions to a higher level, would necessarily set in violent motion the entire body of the waters in the whole basin. These, rushing im- petuously over the shattered strata along the base of the hills, confining the current on the northwest, would quickly roll their fragments into that confused mass of coarse heterogeneous pebbles which we see, and strew them into the detached beds where we now find them. The protrusion of the trap, the deposition and formation of the conglomerate, and the elevation and final draining of the whole red sandstone basin can only be considered to have been consecutive phe- nomena. The whole time occupied by these stupen- dous changes must have been comparatively brief compared with the period which produced the mate- rials of the basin so extensive in range and so vast in depth : we mean the red shales and sandstone of New Jersey and the other States. In attempting to describe the calcareous conglom- erate, its range and principal localities within the limits of our district, we may say that it constitutes the uppermost member of the middle secondary se- ries. It overlies the red shale along its northwestern margin, not in a continuous belt, but rather in several insulated patches, which range in one general line near the foot of the primary or older formations. In almost every portion of its range its materials are very heterogeneous, consisting of pebbles or water- worn bits of rock of all sizes belonging to most of the older formations existing in the region where it is found. A portion of the motley mass is made up of variously colored sandstone pebbles. Sometimes there is a considerable mixture of small pieces of the primary rocks, and in certain places of the range the strata, throughout nearly the whole thickness, are made up of pebbles of limestone cemented by a lime- stone paste. Usually the cement or imbedding paste contains a prevailing portion of the red argillaceous shale of the underlying strata. This admixture of red matter in the formation in New Jersey is easily explained. The harder sandstones and limestone have retained their fragmentary state, while the soft red shale has been reduced to powder or mud by the violent action which brought together the mass of water-worn materials, and so became mixed up with them. That they are water-worn is placed beyond a doubt by the form in which they appear in the mass of the conglomerate : nothing else could have ab- raded all the angles which these bits of rock must have had when broken off from their original strata except the friction and wear of water. A large portion of the conglomerate, in its course through New Jersey, exhibits all the characteristics of the rock from which the pillars of the Hall of Representatives in Washington are made, known as Potomac marble. The relation of the red shale to the conglomerate as underlying strata is also clearly seen on the road to Peapack, east of Lamington River. The rock is generally of a silicious character in this locality, re- sembling a coarse arenaceous sandstone, and the shale dips to the northwest. At New Germantown the red shale has been changed near the brook to a greenish gray color by the vicinity of the trap cropping up here in a narrow dyke. COPPEB. It is found in the red shale and sandstone of New Jersey, and has been known to exist there since the earliest settlement of the country. Mines were opened before the Revolution at Belville and New Brunswick. We confine our notice to Somerset County. It exists in almost a pure native form as a red oxide, as a basilicate, as a gray sulphuret, and as pyrites or yellow copper ore. Native Copper has been found in the vicinity of Somerville in several places. Notably one large piece, nearly all pure, weighing seventy-eight pounds, was taken out of a small ravine three or four feet in depth on the north side of the First Mountain, about twenty -five years since, by a farmer, and was in pos- session of Albert Camman. It had the appearance of having been acted upon by heat, was mixed with the gray oxide in a part of it, and incrusted with the green carbonate in some other parts. Red Oxide, as it is found near Somerville, in the Bridgewater mine, varies in color from purple to brick-red, has a compact structure, and is nearly des- titute of lustre. It occurs mostly in the altered red shale immediately in contact with the trap rock, as if it had been diffused by its upheaval and heat, and suggests the idea of having come up with the trap from a lower depth. There is also a compound of the carbon and oxide of copper found near New Brunswick associated with the red oxide. It resembles some dark earthy sub- THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SOMEESET COUNTY. 557 stance, and is easily crushed between the fingers. On examination with a microscope small black shining particles were discerned diffused through the mass, found to 'be carbon, probably anthracite. Heated in the flame of an alcohol-lamp, it burned and continued in a red-hot state until the carbon was consumed. Heated to three hundred degrees, it loses seventeen per cent, of its weight. When treated with nitric acid, after being ignited, a residuum of twenty-five per cent, was found to be silica. It is an important fact that so large a portion of carbon — 35.50 — should be asso- ciated with this copper ore. This is unusual. Carbonates of Copper. — Some of the native copper ores are incrusted with the blue and green carbonates. A locality of this ore has been found on the banks of the Delaware and Earitan Canal, about a mile north- west of New Brunswick. The strata of shale where it occurs are' all nearly horizontal, and alternate with a. gray shale containing particles of mica. In the cleavage and fissures of this shale the blue carbonate is found in the form of crystalline incrustation. The locality is near the bed of a ravine, and when it is re- membered that the red oxide is common in the vicinity, it will not be difficult to account for the for- mation of these carbonates, which seems to be con- tinually going on. Water charged with carbonic acid dissolves a portion of this oxide, and whenever circumstances favor the escape of the excess of the carbonic acid these salts, as a residuum, are deposited. The mineral is manifestly the product of precipitation fi-om an aqueous solution, and to find the above result it is only necessary to admit that the carbonates of copper are rendered soluble by an excess of carbonic acid. The color varies from a light to a bluish green. It can be scratched with a knife, and is easily broken. The fracture is uneven and slightly conchoidal. In structure usually it is opaque, but sometimes translu- cent and having a vitreous lustre. Oray Sulphuret of Copper is massive, sectile, has a •dark lead-gray color, and is seen sometimes in the form of roundish grains in the altered shale rock. Copper Pyrites is found also ; it is massive, of a bright yellow color, and is a mixture of the sulphurets of copper and iron. Copper has likewise been found in the First Moun- tain, in the gorge at Chimney Rock, at the old Bridge- water copper mine, southeast of Martinville, at the north end of the First Mountain, south of Plucka- min, and in other localitias. Deep shafts have been sunk at some of these places, but hitherto without success or profit enough to encourage operations. Eecently it is claimed that a new method of sepa- rating the ore has been discovered, by which the silver which it contains is preserved and is sufficient to pay all expenses, leaving the copper which it contains as a clear profit. This is particularly said to be true of the copper ore in the neighborhood of Plainfield. We can only add, if it should, after sufficient trial, prove to be true, it may bring into operation a new industry in our vicinity, and render the treasures which have long been claimed to be hid in our mountains avail- able for economic purposes. There are so many lo- calities in our counties where these ores exist that success in mining them will certainly prove to be an extensive source of wealth. IRON ORES. The ores of iron are not so abundant in this district as in the more northern counties of the State : the formations are not of such a character as to admit of it. Iron is found only in Azoic or primitive rock, and as these are found only in a small part of Som- erset, large beds of ore are not to be expected. On the geological map of the State, only one spot in Somerset is marked as having an iron mine. It is in Bernard township, north of Madisonville, on the line of Morris County. The ore is a black oxide of iron, and is more or less magnetic. When quite pure it contains 74.4 per cent, of iron and 24.6 of oxygen. Its color is black in mass, and also in ppwder; it gives a black streak when scratched, and has a metallic lustre. Its crystal- line form is a regular octohedron ; but, as found most commonly, it consists either of irregular grains or of compact masses. The iron mine in Bernard township, on the south end of Mine Mountain, was opened many years since. It is located on the extreme border of the gneiss. It has never been much operated, and is at present in ruins. It is principally remarkable as being the only iron mine in Somerset County. OTHEE MINBEALS. The sulphate of barytes has been found a mile west of New Brunswick ; perhaps this is not in Somerset, but it once was. The specimens are opaque, having a yellowish color and a foliated structure, but others exhibit crystals which are translucent and have a bluish tint. It is much sought after by persons who deal in paints, and is valuable in commerce. Plumbago or graphite occurs about a mile and a half east of Peapack. It is found generally in thin laminae, in the granite gneiss and crystalline lime- stone. On the farm of Elias Engleman a bed four or five feet thick occurs in the gneiss rock, forming the southeast bank of a deep ravine, but it is not pure, and has not been made available. MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE. By these terms we designate the common blue lime- stone of New Jersey. When free from other sub- stances it contains fifty-four per cent, of carbonate of lime and forty-six per cent, of the carbonate of mag- nesia, and may be, therefore, properly characterized as magnesian limestone. The age of this rock is de- termined by its position above the Potsdam sandstone and beneath the fossiliferous Trenton limestone. In New Jersey it is destitute of any fossiliferous remains and lies near the gneiss, and, so far as it has been ob- 558 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. served, is separated from it only by a thin layer of sandstone. It is fine-grained and not at all crystal- line, and its lustre is somewhat vitreous. It varies in color from a drab to pale blue, and in some instances is almost black. It is comparatively soft, and effer- vesces when any strong acid is applied to it. In some localities it is almost a pure dolomite, from the large amount of magnesia which it contains, and in still other localities quartz crystals have been found in it. It ordinarily occurs in beds of from six or eight inches to two feet in thickness, and between these it is not uncommon to find thin layers of calcareous slate or shale, while in others it is so intermixed with extra- neous substances that it will not slack when burned. It occurs in New Jersey in a long narrow series of parallel belts extending from the northeast to the southwest. The strata are not horizontal, but are folded or doubled up about certain lines or axes which correspond with their longest direction. In some cases these strata are folded upwards, and again, in others, downwards. It does not occur by itself, but is found separated froto, and yet surrounded by, other rocks. At Peapack there is a bed of this limestone, ex- tending into Morris County, in length about fourteen miles, and varying in breadth from an eighth to a quarter of a mile. It has been extensively used for burning into quicklime. It is employed in making mortar, but its most extensive use has been in agri- culture. In fact, the use of it has changed the face of the country for miles around Peapack, and added largely to its agricultural productiveness. It belongs to the magnesian limestone, and ap- proaches to a true dolomite in its composition, as we have said. As a stone it is fine-grained generally, but in some places assumes a sub-crystalline form. In one place it appears as a calcareous conglomerate, consisting of quite large, rounded masses of limestone in a calcareous paste. In some of the quarries there are shaly beds interposed between the strata, and it has a variety of color, passing from a drab to a red and dark gray. In one place there is at the bottom of the quarry eight feet of dark sub-crystalline rock overlaid by about tliirty feet of a light-gray, fine- grained limestone. In another the reddish layers seem to alternate with the paler varieties. The burning of lime has been one of the most active industries in the vicinity of Peapack, and has been prosecuted actively for a long time. The drab-colored and reddish beds were used with full success for water-lime in building the Morris Canal. At Pottersville, east of the Lamington River, there is an outcrop of limestone of a light color. It is also found to extend on the west side of the stream, and is reached there in sinking wells. Its area is evidently contracted, for the red shale and gneiss leave but a small space unoccupied by rock exposure. In this locality it is a dolomite limestone with a slight admix- ture of foreign matters. AZOIC PEEIOD. It only remains now briefly to describe that part of the primitive or Azoic formation which finds a loca- tion within the bounds of this county. Properly speaking, there is no granite within its borders. The formation is what is denominated gneiss, and dis- tinctively consists of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these materials, especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather easily into slabs or flags. In some places hornblend takes the place of the mica, and \h&[i, properly, it is aienite or sienitic gneiss. On the other hand, granite is an unstratified crystalline rock, of a gray or fleshy-red color. It dif- fers from gneiss in not having the mica in planes and in having the granular form. The varieties are gnds- soid granite, in which the mica has traces of regular arrangement; graphic granite, having quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the particles so arranged as to resemble hieroglyphic characters ; por- phyritic granite, having the feldspar in distinct crys- tals ; and sienitic granite, containing both hornblend and mica. Granite is regarded as the oldest rock, having been formed into masses while the earth was passing from a semi-fluid to a solid state, before any living thing, plant or animal, had begun to exist upon its surface. When it is found upon the surface of our globe it has evidently been protruded from its lower place by some tremendous force, bearing up with it the strata which had been formed over it, and raising them, in some places, almost to a vertical position ; so that they seem to stand on their edges, leaning against the granite by which they have been lifted up. Hence it is found on the apex of all our primitive mountains, notably the great Appalachian range, which extends north- east and southwest throughout our whole continent from near the Gulf of Mexico to Newfoundland. In our district it is found only in those portions which approach the primitive Appalachian range, and it appears in such a position as to demonstrate the fact of its precedence of all other rocks in age. It seems to come out from under them in some places ; in others they lie up against it ; or again, in others, they butt up against its steeply-inclined strata, as against a per- pendicular wall. Its composition gives us quite a variety of different forms. In some places feldspar makes up from two- thirds to three-fourths of its material, and the rest a mainly pure quartz. Sometimes hornblend is found in such quantity as to give it its color ; at others it makes up the largest portion of its mass. This, how- ever, is not common. The quartz is generally in grains, which are flattened in the direction of the stratification, and range in size from a sixteenth to an eighth of an inch in thickness. In some coarse-grained specimens the grains of quartz are quite large and not so much flattened. The feldspar also varies in its color and in the ease of decomposition, and gives character to the rock. It is often so hard and unchangeable that it LAND PURCHASES AND SETTLEMENTS. 559 miglit be taken for quartz. In some instances it is opaque and harsh to the touch, crumbling easily, while in others still it is entirely decomposed, forming a mass of soft earth, with the quartz grains giving it still a form of stratification. Its color varies from bluish flesh-color to white and opaque, with a few specimens which display a greenish tinge. In a word, the gneiss in our district, while it preserves its distinguishing characteristics, displays the greatest variety in form in its appearance and composition. The Azoic formations in this county are not the most extensive, and yet they occupy an important space. Bernard township, north of Mine Brook, is composed entirely of gneiss, and it extends westward to the Peapack Valley, where the blue limestone crops out from under it east of the brook. The soil formed by the decomposition of the gneiss rocks is not so rich in vegetable matter as the alluvial formations of the river-valleys, and not equal in pro- ductiveness even to the limestone soils, but still they are capable of being improved by fertilizers, and they then yield a generous return for the labor of culture bestowed on them. A large portion of these soils re- mains still in wood, and, where the hills are steep and mountainous, are likely to continue so for years to come. The gneiss hills hold in reserve the timber, which certainly is one of the most important and essential productions of our soil. So it becomes evi- dent on reflection that in the economy of Providence everything has its own place, and what is first sought is not always the most important and valuable. In times to come the woodlands of our district will, we opine, have a value second to no other part of it. CHAPTER II. IiAITD PTTKCHASES AND SETTLEMElfTS. Indian Tribute to Jersey's Honorable Dealings— First and Second In- dian Purchases — Early Settlements — The Scotch — Early Dutch Set- tlers, their Ways and Customs, Style of Building, etc.— List of Persons who purchased Land in Somerset County north of the Baritan. " It is a proud fact in the history of New Jersey that every foot of her soil has been obtained from the Indians by fair and voluntary purchase and trans- fer, — a fact that no other State of the Union, not even the land which bears the name of Penn, can boast of." These words were uttered by the Hon. Samuel L. Southard, of Somerset County, before the Legislature of New Jersey, on the occasion of the purchase of the last remaining rights owned by the Delaware Indians in this State in 1832. On the same occasion, Shawus- kukhkung, an educated Delaware, who had been chosen by his people to present their claims and peti- tion, said, in an address to the Legislature, — " Not a drop of our blood have you spilled in battle ; not an acre of our land have yon taken but by our consent. These facta speak for themselTes; and need no comment. They place the character of New Jersey in bold relief and bright example to those States within whose territorial limits our brethren still remain. Nothing save benisonscaufall upon her from the lips of a Lenni Lenap6." These words were true ; the tribute which they ex- press is deserved. It was ever the policy of the pro- prietors, as of the provincial and State authorities, to recognize the possessory title of the Indian tribes to the lands of which they were found in occupation, and it was an established principle that no title to lands could be perfect unless based on a purchase from the aborigines of their rights in the same. Of course this principle was acted on in Somerset County, as in all other parts of New Jersey. The territory of Somerset County was embraced in several purchases, the principal of which are here mentioned. The first Indian purchase within the boundaries of this county was made May 4, 1681, from two Earitan Indians (presumed to have been chiefs) named Konackama and Qureromak, of a tract extending from the mouth of the stream now known as Bound Brook (called by the Indians Sacunk), thence along the Earitan River on the north side to a brook called Raweighweros (now Middle Brook), and thence northward to a certain Stony Hill ; thence easterly to Metape's wigwam, at the mouth of Cedar Brook, where it unites with Green Brook, and thence south- erly along Bound Brook to the place of beginning. This tract — called by the natives Bakahova-walaby — included the site of the present village of Bound Brook, thence west to Middlebrook, and north to the mountain. The price paid to the Indians was one hundred pounds in goods. The purchasers named in the deed were Philip Carteret, John Palmer, of Staten Island, Gent., Gabriel Minville, Thomas Codrington, John White, John Delaville, Richard Hall, and John Royce, of the City of New York. The tract thus purchased "was divided into five portions. John Royce had eight hundred and seventy -seven acres; Thomas Codrington, eight hundred and seventy-seven acres next to him; the proprietors, eleven hundred and seventy acres next to Bound Brook; Thomas Codrington, one thousand acres on the rear next to Chimney Rock and the mountain. The remainder, north of the plot belonging to the proprietors, was not surveyed immediately."* The date of the second purchase from Indians of lands in Somerset County is Sept. 12, 1681. The' names of the Indian granters were Machote alias Ke- neckome, Negacape, Awips, and Pamascome, who, for a consideration of one hundred and twenty pounds,- sold to James Graham, Cornelius Corsen, and Samuel Winder a tract as follows : " Extending from Kaweighweros (Middle Brook), on both sides of the Earitan, to a place called Backahackawac (apparently according to an • Kev. Dr. Abraham Messler's " Centennial History of Somerset County," from which all extracts in this chapter having reference to land titles and settlements are taken, unless otherwise credited. • 560 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, ancient map), the line between Caleb Miller and the late John M. Maun, and running on this line north until it leacbes the mountain, and along the mountain until it reaches Middle Brook, and do\vn said brook to the place of beginning. It included three plots based on the river, and at least five north of them along the mountain. The first of these west of Middle Brook was assigned to John Palmer, and contained eight hundred and seventy-seven acres. The second belonged to John White, contain- ing also eight hundred and seventy-seven acres. The third remained unappropriated; and on the north R. L. Hooper, Alexander McDowell, James Hooper, and ' the heirs of Hooper' had large possessions. The exact amount included in this purchase is not stated, but it contained many broad acres, and would now be a princely inheritance. Somerville stands on it; and, besides this, more than thirty farma whose fertility is unsurpassed by any portion of the county of Somerset were included in its wide extent." On the 19th of November in the same year two Indians named Pawark and Manansamit sold to Robert Vauquellen* a large tract, " extending from the west line of the former plot — that is, from the eadt aide of the land formerly owned by John M. Mann— to the foot of the mountain at Pluckamin, and on the Baritan the weat line was the west point of the island, in front of E. H. Veghte's property ; thence runuing north until it intersected a west line from the point of the mountain, where the east line terminated. It embraced all the land between Caleb Miller'a property on the east and the old Paterson farm on the west, and extended north nearly up to the village of Pluckamin, a broad and val- uable tract, including some of the most beautiful farms in the vicinity, and on it, on Peter's Brook, stood the old Van Nest mansion, in which 'Prince George' lived and died, but which has since been demolished. The tract included the island, before mentioned, which was known by the Indian name of Matanique. The whole splendid plat of rich land when surveyed was divided into six portions. On the east side, joining the river, Graham and Winder had nineteen hundred acres ; north of them, Samuel Winder had five hundred ; north of this, D. B, Dunstar owned eeven hundred and sixty acres. Returning again to the river, John Rob- inson had six hundred and sixty, Archibald Riddle three hundred ; north of this plat. Sir John Dalrymplefive hundred, leaving a large plat north of it still unappropriated." On the same date as that of the last-mentioned purchase, John Robinson, William Pinhorn, Richard Jones, and Matthew Taylor bought, for the consid- eration of " certain goods named in the deed," from the Indians Pawark, Cowalanuck, Manansamit, and Agnamapamund, a tract as follows : " Extending from the western boundary of the last-mentioned plat up to the junction of the North and South Branches. This place was called by the natives Tuck-a-rama-hacking. From this point the line ran east of north to a place nearly equidistant between the North Branch and Lamington River, at or near what was the late turnpike-bridge above Burnt Mills; thence due east until itmetthe line of the former purchase, and thence south to the place of beginning. . , . This plat was afterwards surveyed and divided as follows: William Pinhorn had deeded to him, March 8, 1697, five hundred acres on the east side and one hundred and sixty on the river; Lord Neill Campbell, Jan. 9, 1685, had one thousand six hundred and fifty acres, embracing all the land between Pinhorn and the junction of the two branches, and extending north as far as Pinhorn's grant extended. Immediately north of these two grants, and including all that remained on the east side of North Branch, William Ackman had four hundred acres, Archibald Riddle three hundred, and Sir John Dal- rymple five hundred acres. The land on fhe west aide was taken by John Johnson, while Lord Neill appropriated to himself another one thousand acres, and other smaller proprietors, whose deeds extended west and em- braced land beyond the western line of the Indian grant and reached the present boundary of Branchburg townahip, took the balance. Their names were Michael Hawden, George Willocks, Miles Foster, and Thomas Gordon, and their deeds all bear the date of 1703." * This name is found differently spoiled in the old records, — as Vau- quillen, Voquillen, Voquillin, Vanquellin, Vanquillin. In Daily's •' Woodbridge and Vicinity," p. 38, it is mentioned as Voquilin, aliaa, Vocklin, alioB Vanquuillen, alias Liprary, alias Laprairie, etc. In regard to the early settlements in what is now Somerset County, the authority above quoted (Kev, Dr. Messier) says the first was made in 1681: " On the first day of November in that year John Inians & Co. secured a title for two lots, embracing the land on which the city of New Bruns- wick now stands, having a mile of river front and two miles in depth. From the north of Inians & Co. to Bound Brook there were laid out nineteen lots, having a little less than one-half a mile on the river and extending two miles in depth. The last of these lots, with an adjoining plot on the south side, was owned by William Dockwra and contained nine hundred acres. Behind these, facing the Millstone, were two other lots, the lower containing eight hundred acres and belonging to George Willox ; and the upper, containing five hundred acres, was the property of Dockwra. From the mouth of the Millstone three and a half miles to an island in the Raritan River (in front of R. H. Veghte'a resi- dence), thence south by west two miles, and east two milea to Millstone River, containing three thousand acrea, exclusive of two hundred and fifty acrea of meadow, had been previously deeded to Capt. Anthony BrockhoUs, William Pinhorn, John Robinson, Mathew Nichols, and Samuel Edsall. The land was sold to John Royce & Co., of New York, in 1685, and was to be known in future as Roycefield. The bounds as given in the deed of transfer were ' beginning at a place called Hunter's Wigwam, on Millstone River, thence north by east and northeast to the Raritan River, opposite th6 west end of a small island formerly belonging to Robert Vauquellen, and thence down the Raritan three and a half miles and up the Millstone to the place of beginning. Farther up the Millstone were twelve plata of twelve thousand acres owned , by Polhemus Gortleyou. Lott and others located in 1701. John Harrison and Wil- liam, hia father, owned land at Rocky Hill." Upon the tract first mentioned as having been pur- chased from the Indians (May 4, 1681), two of the purchasers — Thomas Codrington and John Eoyce — became settlers : '* Codrington settled on the west side of the plot, of which he was part owner, on the banks of Middle Brook, and became a man of extensive influence in the county. His name is still borne by some of the inhab- itants of Somerset. The location of his habitation, caUed Racawacahana, may be indicated by saying it was recently owned by Dr. Samuel Swan ; it passed, soon after the Revolution, into the hands of John Campbell, nephew of Lord Neill Campbell, at one time Deputy or Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of East Jersey, and aubaequently into others, and finally into pos- session of its present owners. It is one of the first three homesteads formed in the county. Royce lived first at Piscataway, and then in what has since been known as Roycefield, near the late residence of John J. Staata. He was a merchant in New York, but came to Somerset County probably soon after the date of this Indian purchase. He owned, or claimed to own, a tract ot twenty thousand acres on the south side of the Raritan, about which some dispute existed. Andrew Hamilton, the Governor, writes of him in 1700 that 'he had an old patent which con- tains 20,000 acrea, but because the stations were uncertain and the boundaries would not meet he addressed the proprietors at home for a new patent, which he had, and obtained about six thousand acres, fur which be was to pay five pounds a year for the whole, instead of one- half per acre, and the proprietors, forgetting to make him surrender his old patent, he now claims twenty thousand by it, and so takes away upon Millstone River from Mr. Hart, and on the Raiitan from Mr. Plumstead and Mr. Barker, considerable tracts of land ; so that he uses both patents, — the old one if he can, and the new one if the old fail him ; it was a great oversight. He is the very leader of the troublesome sort of thff people, and it is he that infuses the motive in them of holding to their Indian titles.' This is not favorable altogether to Mr. Royce. He, how- ever, managed to maintain his position and influence, and was choaen the same year one of the representatives of New Jersey in the colonial Legislature.'* Of the persons named as purchasers of the second Indian tract before mentioned, it is not known that any became settlers upon it, though two of them, James Graham and Samuel Winder, came to live in the province. Other settlers, however, were very soon attracted to the rich lands embraced in the pur-. chase : LAND PURCHASES AND SETTLEMENTS. 561 " The earliest permanent settlements along this part of the Haritan ■were formed on it. According to the declaration of John "Worth, of Elizabethtown, Codrington, Royce, White, Peter Van Nest, Jerome Van Nest, the Tunisona, and Graham came and located here sixty years pre- ■vious to 1741, or in 1681, the very year this land was bought. The resi- dences of Bo3*ce and Codrington have already been designated. The Van Nest house was, it is said, on the very spot now occupied by D. Fre- linghuysen's residence, and the Tunisons located where John C. Gan*et- eon now resides. But the residence of Graham has not been ascertained. He was a prominent man in the province, more than once of the execu- tive council, and he resided in the county somewhere on the river. He was a man of influence in those days, and yet he may not have remained any length of time on the Earitan. . . . Jerome Van Nest and Peter settled permanently on the Karitan, and their descendants are yet among our most respectable citizens. But the original farm on which they iirst located has now for many years been in other possessors' hands. The Tunisons, Cornelius and John, came here from Fort Orange, now Albany, aud were originally from the vicinity of Utrecht, in Holland. The name is found early in colonial annals, and was prominent in more than one way ; and it has become widely extended in the State." Neither the names of the first settlers nor the date of the earliest settlement on the Vauquellen tract (purchased Nov. 19, 1681) are known. On the other Indian purchase of the same date, none of the orig- inal grantees, or of the persons to whom the subdivi- sions were allotted, became actual residents, except Lord Neill Campbell, who was a brother of the Duke of Argyle. " He was appointed Deputy Governor by the proprietors of East New Jersey for two years on the 4th of June, 1685, and reached the province in the ensuing October. His residence was on his plantation on the banks of the Raritan ; the property is now owned by George McBride. He had sent sixty-five servants to settle on it previous to his coming. He must have arrived in September. On the 5th of October his commission was read, and on the 18th his council named." But his stay was very short. On the 10th of De- cember he appointed Anthony Hamilton to fill his official place, and soon after sailed for Scotland, whence he never returned. Says Dr. Messier, — ■ " It will be seen by adverting to the names of the original owners of land by Indian purchases along the Earitan that they appear to have been nearly all Scotchmen, and that none of them really became per- manent residents. The explanation is this. The principal and most active proprietors of East New Jersey were inhabitants of Scotland, and their efforts to induce emigration and settlements upon their lands were made in their native country. As the effect of this, Amboy was fixed upon as a site for a town, and was named New Perth, and from thence settle- ments of people from Scotland and England spread out northwest and west as far as Scotch Plains, Plainfleld, and Bound Brook, and single families even farther. From this immigration the churches of Bound Brook, Basking Bidge, and Lamiugton proceeded. It was an influx coming almost entirely direct from Scotland, and the first pastors of these churches were all native Scotchmen,— Scotch Presbyterians of the Knox, Rutherford, and Erskine stamp. Besides this, there were several families of German origin and of the Lutheran Church who settled about Pluckamin, , . , "From 1624, when the Dutch began to colonize at first,* until 1681, May 4th, when the first land titlet is dated, a period of fifty-seven years, no one seems to have seen or been attracted by the beauty and fertility of this wide-spreading valley, or ventured to endeavor to reclaim it from its wild, untrodden wilderness state. Its primitive inhabitants even had deserted it almost entirely and gone towards the sea-shore, attracted by the abundant food, and only bird and beast claimed it as their home. But the time came when a different state of things began to exist. The titles for the fertile lands had been secured, and settlers came to occupy them. Some of these have been already mentioned, and we find that from 1681 to 1699 there had arrived from Long Island the following * In the neighborhood of Karitan Bay. ■f In the territory of Somerset County. heads of families, mostly of Dutch extraction; Coers Vroom, Michael Hanson, Andrew AUyn, Michael Van Veghten, Dirk Middagh, Frederick Garretson, John Woi-tman, Peter Van Nest, Jeronemus Van Nest, Jacob Sebring, Isaac Bodine, Edward Drinkwater, James Tunison, Cornelius Tunison, Pieter Dumont, Maurice Maurison, Johannes Dameld, John Roelefson, Hendrick Rynierson, Thomas Possell, Cornelius Powelson, Jan Hans Coeverden, Folkerd Hendrik Harris, Josias Merlet, Andrew Anderson, Elton Nyssen, William Olden, William Clausen, Lawrence Opdyke, William Mouersen, Reuben Jansen, Gabriel Leberstein, Folkerd Hendricksen, "At North and South Branch, Andreas Ten Eyck, Abraham Dubois, John Pnssell, Josias Claesen, Jan Hendricksen, Dauiel Sebring, Coenrad Ten Eyck, Derick Van Veghten, Alexander McDowel, Jan Van Sieklen, Benjamin Bart, Jacob Stoll, Teunis Van Middleswoith, George Hall, Al- bert Louw, William Rosa, Paulus Bulner, Lucus Schernierhorn, Pieter Van Nest, Emanuel Van Etten, Johanes Grauw, John Emeus, Coert Jan- sen, George Dildine, John Reading, Garret Van Vleet, William Brown, John Cook, Hendrick Boesenboom, Frans Waldron, Godfried Peters, David Busum, David Subair, Abram Broca, Jacob Rayuierse, Garret Smock, In the vicinity of New Brunswick were Adrian Bennet, Aert Artsen, Roelif Sebring, Johanes Folkerson, Hendrick Bries, Roelif Voor- hees, Lawreus Willimse, Roelif Nevius, Jan Van Voorhees, Jacob Ouke, Johanes Stoothoff, Jaqes Fonteyn, Jacobus Buys, Thomas Auten, Thomas Davidts, William Klassen, Johanes Coevert, Hendrick Bries, Andrias Wortman, Bernardus Kuetor, Christopher Van Arsdalen, Jacob Corse, Cornelius Suydam, Jons Andersen, Martin Vanderhoeve, Johanes Met- selaer, Samuel Montfort, Jan Aten, William Moore,' Nicklas Bason, "At Three-Mile Bun, Hendrick Bries, Boelf Lucas, Jan Voorhees, Aert Aertsen, Isaac Van Dyke, Johanes Folkeisen, Jan Aeten, Laurens Willimse, Roelif Nevius, Charles Fonteyn, Hans Stoothoff, Thomas Bouwman, Derek Volkerse, Garret Bnlmer, Jan Lavor, Simon Wickoff, Pieter Hoff, Garret Doriand, Andries Boat, ,Tan Broca, James Fonteyn, Adrian MoUenar, Jacob Rapleyea, Joris Hael, Jan Laeten, William Lambers, Peter Kinne, Hendrick Trapbagen, Luycus Schermerhorn, Jans Van Middlesworth, Johannes Fisher, Joeremias Field, Luycas Wea- sels, Jacob Koersen, Nicholas Hayman, Cornelius Jan Onwegen, William Harrise, Andreas Ten Eyck, William Dey, Manuel Van Allen, Abram Elemeteren, Johannes Seigeler, Jaurien Remer, " We are not able to indicate specifically or certainly the place of resi- dence of each of these families. The Sebrings and Harrises lived in the vicinity of Bound Brook, Pieter Dumont on the south side of the Rarir tan, Powelsons near Pluckamin, All of them evidently did not remain permanently or leave descendants. The names of others continue to occur in the records for many years, but aome of them have at last passed away. All of them, we judge, were religious men, and aided in the for- mation of the Raritan Church, then a church in the wilderness. Most of them are known to have immigrated to Somerset from Long Island, and among them there are several names which indicate a Huguenot origin, Somerset County has had, in fact, a largo infusion of this noble blood, and among the family traditions, in many instances, linger inter- esting reminiscences of the night of St, Bartholomew, at the time when they fled from France to Holland, leaving their all behind and never looking back, rescuing only their lives, their children, and their silver from the deadly spoiler," The Dutch settlers were generally persons of deep religious feeling, honest and conscientious, and, ad- ding to these qualities those of industry and frugality, they generally became prosperous. The style of their buildings they doubtless brought with them from Holland, their Fatherland. They were built with one story, with low ceiling, with nothing more than the heavy and thick boards that constituted the upper floor laid on monstrous broad and heavy beams, on which they stored their grain, it being used as a granary and for the spinning of wool ; sometimes partg of it would be divided into sleeping-apartments. Their fireplaces were usually very large, extending generally without jambs, and sufficient to accommo- date a whole family with a comfortable seat around the fire. The chimneys were so large as to admit of having their meat hung up and smoked within them, 562 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. which was their usual practice. When jambs were added, they were often set around with earthen glazed tiles imported from Holland, ornamented with Scripture scenes, which furnished the children and others with amusement and instruction. Their style of building corresponded well with their habits, which were simple, unaffected, and econom- ical, contributing materially to their independence and solid comfort. They brought their children up to habits of industry. Almost every son was taught some mechanical art, and every daughter was re- quired to become well acquainted with all knowledge necessary to housekeeping. The farmers burnt their own lime, tanned their own leather, often made their own shoes and boots, did much of their own car- pentering, wheelwrighting, etc. The spinning- and woolen-wheels were set in motion in proper season, and all materials for clothing the family, white as well as colored, were manufactured at home. No female was considered a suitable candidate for matri- mony who could not show some stores of domestic linen and other evidences of industry and economy. So economical were the females of their time that they frequently took their spinning-wheels with them when they went to spend a social afternoon with a neighbor. They often helped the men in the field in times of planting, harvesting, and in other busy seasons. Such a thing as a carpet was not known. The floors of their houses were scrubbed and scoured and kept as white as their tables, which were used without cloths. Their floors were sanded with sand brought from the beach for that purpose and put in regular heaps on the floor, and, becoming dry, it would be swept with the broom in waves or so as to represent other beautiful figures. When the first im- ported carpet was introduced is not now known, but the first rag carpet was made a short time previous to 1800. It was woven by Adrien Hageman for the widow of George Martense. Frugality, industry, and economy characterized all their actions. They lived chiefly within themselves, and knew but little of the dangers and diseases incident to luxury and indo- lence. The following are the names of persons who pur- chased land of the proprietors or their heirs, with dates and number of acres, and, in some cases, its lo- cation. They are taken from Schedule No. 3 (and accompany the map of Indian titles and land grants) in the Elizabethtown Bill of Chancery, published by James Parker, of New York, in 1747. The lot- n\imbers below given correspond with those upon the accompanying map of the Indian purchases and sub- divisions of land tracts in Somerset County, north of the Karitan River : Number. Acres. 3. John Palmer, Sept. 26,1683 877 4. TboxaaB Codrington, Sept. 25,1683 877 5. John Royce, Sept. 26,1683 877 6. JohnWhite, Sept. 26,1683 877 7. Graham, Winder & Co., Sept. 28, 1683 1904 8. Proprietors. Besemed and sold to Thomas Rudyard, Sept. 26,1683 1170 Number. Acres. 10. Peter Sonmans, Oct. 9. 1686, at Green Brook 2600 12. John Campbell, Nov 9,1686 1874 13. John Dobie, Not. 9, 1685 376 14. John Drummoud, Nov. 9, 1686 1000 16. Andrew Hamilton, Nov. 9, 1685 700 22. Andrew Hamilton, April 25, 1687, on Holland's Brook 600 23. Andrew Hamilton, Oct. .3, 1687 250 26. John Robinson, May 1, 1686, on north side of Vanquillen.. 660 32. Thomaa Codrington, April 20, 1688, in rear of his land 1000 34. J. and G. Alexander, June 16, 1686, at Blue Hills 462 36. Robert Fullerlon, June 4, 16S6, at Bine Hills 30O 37. Hendrick Corson, June 10, 1688, junction of North and South Branches 500 38. James Cole, Sr., April 23, 1688 125 39. Sir Ev. Cameron, south side of Bound Brook 1300 43. William Ackman 400 44. Archibald Riddle, joins Ackman 30O 48. Lord Neill Campbell, Jan. 9, 1686, on North Branch and Baritan 1650 49. William Dockwra, May 20, 1690, on south side of the Pas- saic River 300O 60. Samuel Winder, in rear of Graham, Winder & Co 600 61. Margaret Winder, May 20, 1690, daughter of T. Eudyard.. 1000 63. John Johnston, May 20, 1600, west side of North Branch.. 400 65. Lord Neill Campbell, May 24, 1690, on North Branch lOOO 66. Sir Ev. Cameron, May 24, 1090, at Blue Hills 2000 67. Sir John Dalrymple, Feb. 17, 1692, on N. Branch at Riddle's 60O 68. Ann Wert, Aug. 14, 169:1, on North Branch at Dalrymple's 912 69. Campbell & Blackwood, Aug. 4, 1693, on North Branch 3900 60. Wm. Pinhorn, Mai'ch 3, 1697, joyniug Lord Neill Campbell 50O 61. John Johnston, on North Branch, joyuing his own land... . 100 62. Johnston & Willocks, June 6, 1701 3160 63. George Willocks, June 7, 1701, against Margaret Winder.. 60 64. Dr. John Johnston, joining Lord Neill Campbell on North Branch 66. Michael Handon, west side of North Branch 466^ 66. George Willocks, west side of North Branch 466?^ 67. Miles Foster, west side of North Branch 466>^ 68. Thomas Gordon, North Branch, at Peter Van Neste 600 69. Campbell & Blackwood, two tracts 7600 71. Elisha Parker, in the Blew Hills, between them joins AdamHude's 469 72. Elisha Parker, between the same, a mile west of John Johnston's house 260 73. Elisha Pariier, between 1st and 2d mountain, joining his other tract 80 74. Adam Hude, joining Parker's, 1st above tract 469 76. Adam Hude, joining Parker's, 2d tract 260 76. John Campbell, 120 chains up from Passaic River on Dead lUver 200 77. Judiah Higgius, on Bound Brook and Rohnbous Brook, Piscataway 50O 82. William Penn, 1717, on Dead River and Passaic 760O 86. John Pittinger, joining Penn's Land 200 88. McDowell & Pittinger, May 1,1721, on Peapack 132 90. John Hamilton, March 25, 1727, between 1st & 2d mountain 60O 93. Alexander McDowell, on Dan'l Shoemaker's, formerly Pittinger's, on Penn's Land 60 94. James Alexander, Feb. 12, 1727, begin at N. E. corner of Sir Ev, Cameron 118% 96. John Parker, Feb. 12, 1727, begin at HoUinsbead & Ham- ilton 165 97. John Parker, March 28, 1728, in Harrison's Neck 147 98. R. S. Hooper, May 16, 1726 125 99. James Alexander, Sept. 17, 1741, east side of North Branch of Dead River 272iJ 100. George Ricarick, March 28, 1728, between Dead River and Peun Brook 184iJ 101. Joseph Jennings, Dec. 29, 1727, on first mountain, at falls of Stony Brook 4 102. Alexander McDowell, Sept. 16, 1728, N. W. cor. of M. Vegh- ton's, on Raritan (Lot 3, John Palmer) 1425^ 103. Daniel Holliushead, June 18, 1727, on Dead River. 132^ 104. Daniel Holliushead, March 25, 1727, between 1st & 2nd mountain 393 106. John Parker,Feb. 27,1730, joyningSutton's, on Harrison's Purchase 835^ 106. John Parker, Sept. 29, 1730, of Harrison's Purchase 159 107. David Cossart,May23,1729,onSirEv.Cameron's2000ax;re8 100 108. Ephraim Dunhams, March 1, 1730, joining Penn's Brook and 20 chains on Pas-saic River 100 109. John Parker, Nov. 4, 1729, between 1st & 2d mountain, on Dead River, at Moses Ayer's Place 98^ 110. Dr. Wm. Beekman, on Dunstar's and Tieppell's 200 111. John Parker, July 10, 1731, between 1st & 2d mountain, in Han-ison's Neck 100 112. John Parker, in the mountains by Judiah Higgin's Salt Pond 100 113. James Alexander, Jan. 12, 1727, N. W. cor. of Lockiell's 2000 acres on Bound Brook 116?^ 114. James Alexander, Jan. 12, 1727, behind Sonman's, 118%.... 493^;^ 116. Elisha Smalley, March 17, 1736. Blue Hills, on Stony Brook 22 117. Nathaniel Rolph, March 28, 1740, on Harrison's Purchase. 83 118. James Hooper, Oct, 18, 1740, rear of Raritan Lots, S. E. cor. of JMargaret Winder 20O 119. Alexander & Dunsta, June 1, 1740, on Peapack and North Branch 1240 120. Andrew Hamilton, Jan. 1, 1741. on Lamintunk 876 121. James Alexander, Se[it, 17, 1741, in G tracts in Harristm's Neck T86^ 122. Alexander & Dunsta, Oct. 16, 1741, on Harrison 683 ERECTION, OEGANIZATION, AND BOUNDARIES OF SOMERSET COUNTY. 563 Number. Acres. 123. Heirs of Hooper, Oct. 17, 1741, at let mountain 100 130. FeterRunyan, Junel6, 1743, on suutlisideof FasBaic Biver 30 131. Peter Bnnyan, June 16, ] 743, on south Bide of Fas&aic Kiver 25 139. Alexander & Dunstar, Oct. 25, 1743, between 1st & 2d mountain 1633 142. J.Alexander, July 10, 1744, at Basking Eidge 65^ It has not been the intention to give, in this chap- ter, more than a very brief glance at the principal purchases from the natives and the proprietors of lands comprising the territory of Somerset County, and at a few of the very earliest of the pioneers who came to locate their homes within it. For more extended and detailed accounts of the land titles and settle- ments in the county, the reader is referred to the separate histories of the several townships, which will be found in subsequent pages of this work. CHAPTER III. ERECTIOW, OKGANIZATIOW, AITD BOTTH"DA- KIES OF SOMERSET COUITTY. Original Counties — Somerset as a Township, and Formation as a County —.Townships Formed^Boundaries of County Defined — Part of Es- sex annexed to Somerset — Boundary between Somerset and Morris Counties — Be-establishment of Line between Middlesex and Somerset — Part of Montgomery Township surrendered to Mercer, and Frank- lin to Middlesex — Tewksbury Township annexed to Somerset, etc. The province of East Jersey was first divided into counties in 1683. The Provincial Assembly which convened for its first session on the 1st of March in that year* passed an act, which was duly concurred in and approved, dividing the province into four coun- ties, and appointing a high sheriff for each. Those four counties were Bergen, Essex, Middlesex, and Monmouth. " Bergen included all the settlements between the Hudson and Hack- ensack Kivers, and extended to the northern hounds of the province ; Essex included all the country north of the dividing line between Wood- bridge and Elizabethtown, and west of the Haokensack ; Middlesex, all from the Woodbridge line on the north to Cheesequake Harbor on the southeast, and back southwest, and northwest to the province bounds ; and Monmouth comprised the residue."! Somerset County was set ofl" from the territory of Middlesex and separately erected, by act of the Pro- vincial Assembly, at a session which was commenced at Amboy on May 14, 1688. The act provided and declared that a certain tract of country, " Beginning at the mouth of the Bound Brook, where it empties into the Baritan EiTer,and to run up the said brook to the meeting of Bound Brook with Green Brook, and from the said meeting to run a northwest line into the hills ; and upon the southwest side of the Baritan River, to begin at a small brook, where it empties itself into the Baritan about seventy chains below the Bound Brook, and from thence to run up a southwest line to the uttermost line of the province, be divided from the said county of Middlesex, and hereafter to be deemed, taken, and be a county of this province; and that the same county be called the county of Somerset, any statute, law, or usage to the contrary notwithstanding."! * The Assembly called together by Deputy Governor Rudyard. t Whitehead's East-Jeraey-uDderthe Proprietary Governments, Edition 1875, p. 128. t IJeaming and Spicer, p. 305. The reasons which moved the Legislature to set off the new county were declared, in the preamble to the act, to be that " The uppermost part of the Earitan Elver is settled by persons, whom, in their husbandry and manuring their lands, are forced upon quite dif- ferent ways and methods from the other farmers and inbabitanlB of Mid- dlesex County. Because of the frequent floods that carry away their fences on the meadows, the only arable land they have, and so, by con- sequences of their interests, are divided from the other inhabitants of said county." The old division line, run by Keith in 1687, formed at that time, as now, the western boundary of the county, in that part which is south of the South Branch of the Raritan River. Such of its other boundaries as were vague and indefinite have since been more clearly defined, and others have been ma- terially changed by reductions of the territory of the county. In 1692, nine years after the province was divided into counties, an act was passed to divide each county into townships. The existence of towns, hamlets, and divisions was recognized, but their bounds had never been legally fixed. It was necessary to do this for the proper choosing of deputies, constables, the levying of taxes, etc. Several settlements did not seem to be included in any town. Some of these towns, as Woodbridge and Piscataway, already ex- isted by independent charters. The constable of Pis- cataway took charge of the out-plantations on the south side of the Raritan as far east as South River (1688, p. 308), and to the recently-enacted borders of Somerset. Other constables took charge of neighbor- ing out-plantations. In 1693 an act was passed dividing the four counties of the province into townships. Somerset County, being yet sparse in population, was not divided, but the act provided that " The county of Somerset, as it is already bounded by a former act of Assembly," shall be a township. This included the whole county according to the bounds of 1688. The township of Piscataway, in Middlesex, extended westward to the bounds of Somerset County. Besides that part of it on the ea?t side of the Raritan, it took in nearly the whole of Franklin, the southeastern corner of Hills- borough, and nearly one-half of Montgomery town- ships ; all of Mercer, east of Keith's line, down to the bounds of Monmouth ; and along the line of Monmouth to the West Branch of South River, and down the said river to its mouth. This included the townships of North Brunswick, East Brunswick, South Bruns- wick, and Cranberry, in Middlesex, and the townships of Princeton, West^ Windsor, East Windsor, and Washington, in Mercer. As Somerset was not divided into townships in 1693, the act concludes,— " Provided also that when any county shall hereafter come to be better settled and inhabited, this shall not be understood to hinder other subdi- visions to be made upon application to the General Assembly to that effect."§ J Ibid., pp. 330, 331. 564 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. In 1695 (Laws, p. 359), when a tax was levied and the proportion of each town was designated, Somerset County was not yet divided into towns. Peter Van Nest was the assessor for Somerset, and was charged with the collection of four pounds sixteen shillings six pence as Somerset's share. In 1698 (Laws, p. 371), while each town had its number of representatives fixed at one or two, the county of Somerset had yet only one. There was no division into townships up to that time. The houndaries of the county were defined in " An act for dividing and ascertaining the boundaries of all the counties in this province,'' passed Jan. 21, 1709, as follows : " Sec. 3. The county of Somerset beginB where Bonnd Brook empties itself into Raritan River; thence down the stream of Raritan to the mouth of the brook known by the name of Lawrence's Brook ; thence running up the said Lawrence's Brook to the great road that leads from Inian's ferry to Cranberry Brook ; from thence south forty-four degrees westerly to Sanpiucli Brook; thence down the said Sanpinck Brook to the said division line of the eastern and western division aforesiiid, and so to follow the said division line to the limits of the above said county of Essex; thence east along the line of Essex County to Green Brook; and thence running down the said Green Brook and Bound Brook to where it began."* The boundary line established by the above act as between Somerset and Middlesex Counties was changed and redefined by an act of the Legislature passed March 15, 1713, which provided,— "Sec 1. That the boundary line between Somerset and Middlesex Counties shall be and begin where the road crosseth the river Raritan, at Inian's ferry, and run from thence along the said old road by Jedediah Higgins' house, leading towards the falls of Delaware, so far as the eastern division of this province extends. ********** "Sec. 3. That the boundary lines between the said counties, settled by act of General Assembly of this province, passed in January, 1709, so far and no further as the same is altered by this act, shall be, and is hereby, repealed, to all intents and purposes."! It was not until more than a quarter of a century after the erection of Somerset that it became organ- ized as a separate county. ^ During this period it had no courts of its own, but was dependent for the ad- ministration of justice upon those of Middlesex. The precise date of its separate organization cannot be given, but it was in or about 1713. On Feb. 28, 1713 -14,1 an act was passed directing the manner of elect- ing freeholders and their meeting with the justices as a board for the transaction of public business ; among which they were charged with the repairing of such court-houses and jails as were already built, and the erection of such buildings in counties which had none, and they were empowered to appoint and pay man- agers to superintend the building of such court-houses and jails. The counties in which public buildings had already been erected were named in the act, and Somerset was not among them, but provision was made for the location of a county-site " for the county of Somerset * Rev. Stat., p. 198. f Ibid., pp. 200, 201. % AUinson's Col. Laws, 1713, p. 16 ; Neville, 1703-76, p. 32. at the most convenient place which shall be agreed on by a major part of the freeholders who inhabit there." It was under this authority that the public buildings of Somerset County were erected soon after. The tenor of the above-mentioned act implies that, before its passage, Somerset County had been sepa- rately organized, and the holding of its own courts (independent of those of Middlesex) provided for. It is certain that about three years later (1717) Som- erset had its own courts in operation,? as this fact is shown by the records. The county of Morris, which forms the northern and part of the eastern boundary of Somerset, was set off and defined as a separate county by act of the Provincial Assembly, March 15, 1738-39. Two years later the territory of Somerset was increased by the operation of " An act to annex part of the county of Essex to the county of Somerset," passed Nov. 4, 1741, which provided, — " Sec. 1. That from and after the publication hereof, the lines and bounds of the said county of Somerset shall be as follows, — vide licet, be- ginning at the South Branch of Raritan River, where the reputed divi- sion line between East and West Jersey strikes the same, along the rear of Raritan lots, until it meets with the North Branch of said river- thence up the same to a fall of water commonly called AUamatonck ; from thence along the bounds of Morris County to Pasaaick River; thence down the same to the lower corner of William Dockwrae's two patents on the same river ; and thence, on a straight line, southeasterly, to the head of Green Brook ; and thence down the same brook to Bound Brook ; thence down said Bound Brook to the place where it empties itself into Raritan River; thence down Raritan River to the place where the road crosseth said river at Inian's ferry; from thence along said old road, which leads by Jedediah Higgins' house, towards the falls of Delaware, until it intersects the division line aforesaid ; thence along the said divi- sion line to the South Branch of Raritan River, aforesaid, where it first began; any act or acts of the General Assembly of this Province, or any article, clause, or thing in them or any of them contained, to the contrary thereof, in anywise, notwithstanding."! On the 21st of March, 1749, an act affecting the boundary between Somerset and Morris Counties was passed by the Provincial Legislature, enacting as folr lows: "Sec. 1. That from and after the publication hereof, the division line between the counties of Somerset and Morris shall be as follows, — vide licet, beginning at a fall of water commonly called AUamatonck falls, and also mentioned in the before-recited act; and from thence on a straight line, in a course east and by north, as the compass now points, to the Main Branch of Passaick River ; and so down the said river, as the before- recited act directs, anything herein, or in any other act, to the contrary thereof uotwithstanding."lf A survey and re-establishment of the line between Middlesex and Somerset Counties in 1765 is thus men- tioned in a historical paper from the pen of the late Hon. Ralph Voorhees :** " In 1713 the boundary line between Middlesex and Somerset Counties was changed from the first one, which ran up Lawrence's Brook, to the one beginning where the old road crossed the river Raritan at Inian's Ferry, and following said road until it crossed the ' Province Line.' In 1765 it was represented that the line running from the province line to the Earitan River was very dubious, by reason of persons altering it from g See " Courts and County Buildings." I Rev. Stat., p. 201. IT Ibid., p. 200. ** One of a series published in 1873 in the Fredonian, of New Bruns- wick. ERECTION, ORGANIZATION, AND BOUNDARIES OF SOMERSET COUNTY. 565 th e old road, which ran in general upon the line of the countieB ; and com- missioners were thereupon appointed — Azariah Dunham one of them — to riin the line and permanently mark it, which had never been done before, as it appeared that tlie old road, following the old Indian path, had been considered as the division line. Azariah Dunham was a prominent sur- TCj'or, a good scholar, and a man of public notoriety, ofQciating in various public capacities. He ran the line as directed, and made a complete map of the survey, which is still in existence, and in a good state of preserva- tion. The map contains all the streets, and the location of all the houses standing near the old road, with the names of their owners, to the prov- ince, or Hunterdon county line, a short distance beyond Princeton."* On the 24tli of NovemlDer, 1790, the Legislature of the State of New Jersey passed " An act for altering and resettling part of the boundary line between the counties of Somerset and Middlesex."t By the terms of that act it was provided, — " Sec. 1. That the middle of the main six-rod road, as established by law, from the ferry at the city of Kew Brunswick, formerly called loian's ferry, to the boundary line of the county of Hunterdon, on the road to Trenton, shall be the boundary line of those parts of the counties of Middlesex and Somerset which are on the south side of the river Karitan. " Sec. 2. That all the lands and tenements lying to the northward of the line hereinbefore established, and heretofore belonging to tlie county of Middlesex, shall be, and are hereby, annexed to the county of Somer- set; and all the lands and tenements on the southward of said line, here- tofore belonging to the county of Somerset, shall be, and are hereby, annexed to the said county of Middlesex." In the erection of the county of Mercer (by act of the Legislature approved Feb. 27, 1838) a small portion of the southernmost territory of Somerset was taken off and made a part of the new county. Fol- lowing is given that part of the act by which the change was eflfected : "... All that part of the township of Montgomery, in the county of Somerset, which lies south of the following line,— to wit, Beginning on the Millstone River where the boundary line between the counties of Middlesex and Somerset crosses the same, continuing down said river to the original southeasterly corner of a tract of land called the Van Horn tract, and thence running westerly along the original south boundary of said tra«t, and continuing on in the same course to the middle of the road called the Pennington road, leading from the village of Rocky Hill to the village of Pennington; and thence westerly along the middle of said road to the boundary line of the county of Somerset,— shall be, and the same is hereby, attached to and made a part of the county of Mercer ; . . . and said line shall hereafter be the boundary line between the connty of Mercer and the county of Somerset."^ In 1844? the township of Tewksbury, in Hunterdon County, was annexed to Somerset County by legisla- tive act, and in the following year the same township was in the same manner taken from Somerset and re- annexed to Hunterdon. || Again, Feb. 1, 1850, the limits of Somerset were contracted, and a fraction of its territory given to Middlesex County, by an act (approved on the above- mentioned date) which provided and declared, — " That all that part of the township of Franklin, in the county of Somerset, lying within the bounds of the city of New Brunswick, and contained within the limits following— viz.. Beginning in the Karitan River, in the now boundary line of the counties of Middlesex and Som- erset, and running westerly by said line along the old stage-road leading * The survey is recorded in Liber B. 3 of Deeds, page 342, et eeq.. Secre- tary's offtce of New Jersey, at Burlington, t Revised Statutes State N. J., p. 201. i Ibid., p. 205. I Ibid., p. 253. 1 Ibid., 1845, p. 45. to Trenton until it strikes the Mile-Run brook ; thence down said brook the several courses thereof to Baritan River ; thence down said Raritan River to the place of beginning — shall be, and the same is hereby,set off and made a part of the county of Middlesex, and shall be annexed to^ and made a part of, the township of North Brunswick, in the county of Middlesex; and the boundary line between the township of North Brunswick, as by this act constituted, and the adjoining township of Franklin, in the county of Somerset, shall be the boundary line between the county of Middlesex and the county of Somerset," etc.^ Subsequent changes in the boundary between Mid- dlesex and Somerset Counties were made by two acts of the State Legislature, passed in 1855 and 1858 re- spectively. The act defining the south line of Som- erset, between Kingston Bridge and Little Rocky Hill, approved March 29, 1855, was as follows : " Sec. 1. A line commencing at a point in the centre of the Kingston bridge where the same crosses the Millstone Kiver, and running easterly, along the centre of the Princeton and Kingston branch turnpike, to th& forks of the old road leading to New Brunswick, and said turnpike;, thence along the centre of the old road leading to New Brunswick, the several comei-s thereof, as the road now runs, until it strikes the present division line at the top of Little Rocky Hill, be and is hereby constituted the division hue between the said counties" of Somerset and Middlesex. The other enactment, approved Feb. 6, 1858, was in these terms : " Sec. 1. From and after the passage of this act, that the boundary lino between the counties of Somerset and Middlesex shall commence in tlifr centre of the Franklin and Georgetown turnpike road, atthe point where the said road intersects and forms the boundary line of the city of New Brunswick, and runs thence along the centre of said turnpike road to William E. Barker's Ten-Mile Run." This alteration of the boundary line set some of the inhabitants of North Brunswick and South Brunswick over to the township of Franklin, in Somerset, and changed some of the people of the last-named town- ship into North and South Brunswick, in Middlesex County. Finally, in 1876, the Legislature passed " An act to straighten the county-line brook dividing Union and Somerset Counties, in the city of Plainfield" (ap- proved March 16th in that year), which, after reciting in its preamble, " Whereas.a certain stream of water known as Green Brook (the same being the county line between Union and Somerset Counties), at a point in the city of Plainfield where the same crosses, a street known as Elm Place, because of its present course before crossing said Elm Place being nearly at right angles with the general course of the Stream, causes the roadway and adjoining properties to over- flow in time of high water," enacted " That the boards of chosen freeholders of the counties of Union and Somerset shall so change the course of Green Brook, crossing Elm Place in the city of Plainfield, as that it shall cross said street in aline parallel with the general course of the stream north of Elm Place. . . . That the county line shall be so changed as that Green Brook, when so straightened, shall continue to be the dividing line between the countieft of Union and Somerset the same as before the passage of this act." This was the last of the changes in the boundary lines of Somerset County, leaving them as at present established. » % Ibid., p. 1290. 566 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. CHAPTER IV. COTJETS AND COUM"TY BUILDINGS. Early Courts — Gi-and Jury of 1717 — Precept to the Coroner, 1729 — Early Trials, etc. — Orphans' Court — Marriage Bonds — Public BuildlngB — Court-Houae, Jail, etc. In 1675, under Berkeley and Carteret, provision was made by law for the holding of courts in the four counties of New Jersey, as follows : two courts to be held in Bergen, two in Essex, two in Monmouth, and two in Middlesex. The Supreme Court met once a year at a place appointed by the Governor. While Somerset County was included in Middlesex the courts were held, according to act of 1682 (chap, vi. p. 231), on the third Tiiesdays of March and Sep- tember in the public meeting-house in Woodbridge, and on the third Tuesdays of June and December in the public meeting-house in Piscataway. In this same year an act was passed (chap. v. pp. 229, 230) for the holding of a court once a month in each town in East Jersey, on the first Wednesday of every month, for the determining of small causes and cases of debt to the value of forty shillings or under. Thus towns were recognized, but their limits were not defined. In 1686 the County Courts of Middlesex were directed to be held on the third Tuesdays of December and September at Perth Amboy ; on the third Tuesdays of March and June respectively at Piscataway and Woodbridge. In 1694 an act was passed which provided " That the county of Somerset shall be subject and liable unto the officers and jurisdiction of the county of Middlesex until there he a suflBcient number of inhabitants to constitute officers and jurisdiction within the said county. Anything heretofore made and enacted to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding."* The county remained within the jurisdiction of Mid- dlesex until 1714, at which time an act was passed pro- viding for the erection of a court-house in Somerset County. In 1717 " the grand jury of Somerset came into court, reported nothing ofiered, and were dis- charged."! In 1720, at a session of court, the grand jury returned an indictment against Hannah Taylor. A precept dated April 8, 1729, directed to the coroner of the county, which has been preserved, is as follows : "New JeesetI George the Second by the Grace of God of Great > SS. Brittain, France, and Ireland King, Defender SOMEESET J of the faith, &c. "To the Coroner of the County of Somerset Greeting: " We command you, that you of the Goods and Chattels of Adrian Ben- nett, Late of the County of Somerset, Inuholder in your Bailiwick, Ton cause to be made fourteen pounds, fourteen shillings and four pence which Daniel Hollingshead, the judge and justiceof our County Court for holding of pleas for the County of Somerset, in the said Court, Recovered against him the said Adrian Bennett, By reason of a Certain Trespass «pon the case Lately done to him the said Hollingshead, &c., &c. " Witness Thomas Leonard, Esq., judge of our said Court, at ye house aforesaid, ye third Day of April, in ye Second year of our reign. "Will, Hollingshead, CV:. " Vera Copia. "Fbahois Hakrison, Cbroncr." * Learning and Spicer, p. 348. ■f Hon. Ealph Voorhees in " Our Home," p. 5. The records of the court were destroyed by fire at the burning of the court-house in 1737. The next year an act was passed for building a court-house in place of one " accidentally burnt down." This was followed by the erection of a court-house and jail at Millstone. In 1752 a negro servant of Jacob Van Neste's was convicted at Millstone, under English laws, of mur- dering his master, and condemned to be burned. " Sherifif Van Doren enforced the penalty. It is said that many of the negroes of the surrounding country were present, forming the inner, while the whites formed the outer, circle around the fire. During the burning the sheriff mounted his horee, with a drawn sword in hand, and rode between the spectatoi-s and the fire, to keep the former at a proper distance. Sberiflf Van Doren is said to have been a man of so great pop- ularity as to have held Ms office for twenty years."J A case was brought before Jacob Van Ostrand, justice of the peace, bearing date Dec. 18, 1769, entitled an action in regard to " J. Castner's Harry, and Jeronimus Van Nest complainant for breaking his negro Jupiter's head." Harry confessed that he had hit him with a stand-block a foot square, weigh- ing five or six pounds. He was ordered to be con- fined in jail, Dec. 22, 1769. Justice Van Ostrand associated with himself two other justices of the peace, Mr. Van Home and Benjamin Morgan, and five free- holders, — viz., William Crook, John Vroom, John Baptist Dumont, Samuel Staats Coejeman, and Mat- thew Ten Eyek, Sr. Several witnesses were examined after having been duly sworn. The three justices and the freeholders found him guilty of murder, and ordered him to be executed on the 31st of December. The Board of Freeholders audited the following account on Dec. 3, 1779 : " Agreed that the sum of £224 14s. be paid unto Peter Dumont, Late Sheriff of said county, for executing the sentence of death on a negro convicted of murder." The records of the court were burned at the destruc- tion of the court-house by Col. Simcoe in October, 1779, and it is not known what negro the above has reference to or the particulars. Mr. Dumont was sheriff in 1774^76. The first record of court after the destruction of the court-house dates Hillsborough, January term, 1778. The judges at this term were Peter Schenck, Jacob Bergen, Abram Van Neste, and Enos Kelsey. Twenty- two cases were brought against the State, " on appeal from, etc., for not going out in the militia in April last." The court did not remit the fine in twelve cases. Richard Stockton's was the first case. He made allegation that he was not within the meaning of the several militia laws of the State, and upon heavy proofs the court ordered him discharged. The fines were remitted in eleven cases. The grand jury, being called, appeared and answered as follows: Garret Voorhees, Martin Hoagland, Abram Low, Richard Hall, Jacobus Van Huys, Bernardus Garret- son, Wim' Van Cleefe, Albert Voorhees, Daniel Perrine, John Stryker, Mindert Wilson, Frederick Probasco, Isaac Brown, Lawrence Van Cleefe, Lucas t " Our Home," 1873, p. 6. COURTS AND COUNTY BUILDINGS. 567 Neffus, Peter Wycioff, Ryneer Veghte, John Brokaw, Garret Garretson, John WyckofT, and Benjamin Bro- kaw. Two indictments were brought in. In June, 1778, the grand jury presented indictments against Jupiter, negro of Col. McDonald, and Jove, negro of John Phenix, for petty larceny. They were tried and convicted at the October term, and it was ordered that the negroes be whipped with twenty lashes on the same afternoon, and twenty more on the following Monday at Pluckamin. In the January term of Quarter Sessions the next year, David Henry's negro Caesar was indicted, tried, and convicted of theft. It was ordered that he receive thirty-nine stripes on the bare back at Hillsborough, and thirty-nine stripes on " Monday next se'n-night at the cross-roads." The following deserves preservation as an account of a trial in 1780. It was held in some private house in Millstone : " At a Court of General Quarter Sessions of the peace holders at Hills- borough, in and for the County of Somerset, June Term, 1780, " Tdesday, June 20, 1780. " The State "\ _, „ ' „, r Indictment for Felony. Tobie, Negro Slave 1 of Mary Middagh. J ■"The Defendant being Charged, plead not guilty, and put himself on hia God, and the Country. " Wednesdat, June 21, 1780. " The said negro, Tobie, being sent to tlie Bar, on motion of Mr. At- torney-General for trial, it is ordered that the Shedfl'make return of his Venire, &c., whereupon he made return accordingly, when the following persons appeared and wore sworn as Jurors : " John Schureman, Foreman, " John Messeroll, Peter Van Gelder, " Josiah Clawsim, Jacob Wyokoff. " Benjamin Hegeman, William Post, " Peter Pumyea, John Y, Arsdalen, " Henry Cock, Aaron Ten Eyck, " George Van Nest, " Then evidences were sworn in behalf of the State. "The Jury withdrew to consider of their verdict, having Hugh Walker, a Constable, sworn to attend them, " The Jury returned into court, and, being called over, appear and say, that they are agreed upon their verdict, and by John Schureman, their foreman, say that they find the said negro Tobie Guilty of the said Felony whereof he stands charged, in manner and form, etc, " The said negrd Tobie, being sent to the bar, on motion of Mr, At- torney-General for Judgment, the said Tobie was asked by the Court what he had to say or otTer why Judgment should not be given against him, and the said Tobie not saying anything in Bar thereof. It is ordered that the said negro Tobie be taken to the place from whence he came, ^nd from thence, on Saturday the twenty-fourth day of June instant, to the place of Execution, and there between the hours of ten in the fore- noon and three in the afternoon of the same day, be hanged by the neck until he be dead." Thus it appears that "Tobie" was charged with an indictment on June 20th, was tried the 21st, and was executed on the 24th 1 After the burning of the court-house in Millstone (1779), an act passed the General Assembly of New Jersey, June 5, 1780, " declaring that all cases hereto- fore brought before the court of Somerset County should be brought to such place as the freeholders of the county may direct as the place for holding court." The last term of court in Hillsborough was held in January, 1783. The April term of the same year was held at Bridgewater, in a small building known as the "Court-Martial House," then standing on Mount Pleasant east of Somerville. Upon the completion of the court-house (then standing east of the present one), the same year, courts were held therein for six- teen years. The October term of court, 1799, was held in the present court-house, since which time the courts of Somerset County have been regularly held there. The records show that while the courts were held in the old court-house, between the years 1783 to 1799, three negroes were indicted for arson, as follows: Oct. 9, 1788, indictments were found against " Dine, a female negro slave," and "Sam the elder and Sam the younger," both negroes. Dine and Sam the elder were sentenced to be hung on Oct. 17, 1788, and Sam the younger on the 14th of November in the same year. The records also show that at the January term of court, 1786, an indictment was presented against Samuel McDonald for felony, but there is no account of the case coming to trial. By an act approved April 18, 1846, it was ordered that " The Circuit Courts, the Court of Oyer and Terminer and General Jail Delivery, the Court of Common Pleas, the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, and the Orphans' Court shall hold annually three stated terms at the times and places following, and not otherwise, that is to say, , . . In the county of Somerset, at Bridgewater, on the Third Tuesday in April, September, and December, respectively."* ORPHANS' COURT. For many years the Governor of the State was also surrogate-general and granted letters of administra- tion and letters testamentary, the affidavits of proofs of wills being obtained by the surrogate of the county where the deceased resided. All papers recorded prior to 1804 are in the office of the Governor at Trenton. From that time a record is on file in the Surrogate's office at Somerville. Many statements of accounts and other papers of which no other record is kept are in the vaults of this office. Among them is a package of marriage bonds, a copy of one of which is here given, followed by a list of the names : " Know all Men by these Presents: " That we, Gisbert Lane and John Bennet, are held and firmly bound unto His Excellency William Livingston, Governor and Commander-in- Chief of New Jersey, etc., in the sum of Five Hundred Pounds, current Lawful Money of New Jersey, to be paid to the said William Livingston, Governor, etc,, his successors or assigns ; for which payment well and truly to he made we bind ourselves, our Heirs, Executors, and Admin- istrators, and every of them, jointly and severally, firmly by these pre- sents, sealed with our Seals, dated the seventh day of August, Anno Domini One Thousand Seven Hundred and eighty-five. " The condition of this obligation is such that, whereas there Is a mu- tual contract of marriage between Gisbert Laoe of the one party and Libby Bennet of the other party, and the parties have complied with the terms prescribed in an Act of the General Assembly of New Jersey, made in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven hundred and nine- teen entitled ' An Act to prevent Clandestine Marriages.' Now, if it shall hereafter appear that the certificates produced, or either of them, have been fraudulent, or that either the aforesaid Gisbert Lane or the said Libby Bennett, or either of them, had some lawful let or impediment of » Bevised Statutes State of New Jersey, p, 222, 568 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. pre-contract, aflBnity, or consanguinity to hinder them heing joined in the holy bondB of matrimony, and afterwards of living together as man and wife, then this obligation to stand and remain in full force and virtue, otherwise to be void and of none effect. " Sealed and delivered in presence of " GisBEBT Lane, [seal] " John Bennet. [seal]" The names of parties to other similar bonds in tie same file are as follows : Hendrick Bennet, Jinney Bennet; Gisbert Lane, Libby Bennet, Aug. 7, 1785 ; Roeleff Yoorhees, Mary Van Cleef, Aug. 9, 17S5 ; John Lim- burger, Molly E«bs, Aug. 9, 1785 ; Abraham Van Horn, Anne Coven- hoven, Oct. 10, 1785 -, Jacob Van Noordstrandf, Frances Nevill, Nov. 18, 1785 ; Peter Quick, Jenny Cornell, Nov. 20, 1785 ; Daniel Am- merman, Lanah Brokaw, Dec. 7, 1785 ; Barent Cornell, Catharine StoothofF, Dec. 12, 1785 ; John McDowell, Catharine Parkinson, Dec. 16, 1786 ; John Brokaw, Catharine Deforest, Dec. 26, 1785 ; Hugh Logan, Aeltje Van Doren, Feb. 6, 1780; William Willett, Nellie Wyckoff, Feb. 16, 178(5 ; John Duyckinck, Jr., Elizabeth Kivingston, March 4, 1786 ; Abraham Tunison, Abagail Wortman, April 1, 1786 ; Isaac Brokaw, Marie Boice. April 10, 1786 ; Isaac Deforest, Keneertje Wortman, April 10, 1786 ; John Christopher, Polley Van Lieu, May 3, 1786 ; GuiBbert Sutphin, Mary W. Eoff, Sept. 2, 1786 ; Matthew Lane, Marie Johnson, Sept. 27, 1786 ; Cornelius V.an Hergelen, Elizabeth Wyckoff, Oct. 2, 1786 : Jacob Debow, Caty Lake, Dec. 16, 1786 ; Minna Fisher, Mary Blane, Jan. 19, 1787 ; Benjamin Coddington, Anne Teeple, Sept. 1, 1787. A list of the surrogates will be found in the Civil List of the county, given elsewhere. Among the wills recorded in this office is that of Robert Morris, the eminent financier of the Revolution. It bears date April 21, 1778, is signed by John De Lancey, Robert Campbell, and John W. Watkins as witnesses, and was admitted to probate Jan. 8, 1815. At the June term of the Orphans' Court, 1833, the executors of Robert Boggs, an executor of Robert Morris, appeared and reported a " balance due ac- countant, $12,015.49," and James Boggs, surviving executor of Robert Morris, rendered his account of " Balance in favour of estate, $6243.04." At the April term of the Orphans' Court in 1841 there was presented by the executors of James Boggs, an executor of Robert Morris, a statement of receipts and disbursements of all property that came into his possession ; Balance on hand 8133,217 53 6,213.04 ?139,460.57 The executors of Robert Boggs presented a state- ment of receipts and disbursements of all property re- ceived by Robert Boggs, executor of Robert Morris : $206,283.42 Balance due accountant 12,015.49 8218,298.91 $139,460.67 218,298.91 Total of Morris' estate ^67 759.48 From 1804 to 1810 the office of the surrogate was in the house of Joseph Doty, surrogate, still standing southwest from the depot. Afterwards it was held in the present county clerk's office until the present sur- rogate's office was erected, east of the court-house. The judges of the Orphans' Court are the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. COUNTY BUILDINGS. From 1694 to 1714 the county of Somerset was within the jurisdiction of Middlesex County. The first action towards the establishment of a separate court and the erection of a court-house was taken Feb. 28, 1714, when an act was passed by the General Assembly of New Jersey* which provided that the justices and freeholders of the county " shall agree upon a sum of money that shall be needful for re- pairing such gaols and court-houses as are already built, and for building such as are wanting.'' The counties in the State where court-houses had been erected were mentioned in the act. A site for Somer- set County was not located, but was provided for as follows : " For the county of Somerset at the most convenient place in the county which shall be agreed upon by a major part of the freeholders that inhabit there." The site selected for the court-house and jail was at Six-Mile Run, in what is now the township of Franklin, " about three hundred yards east of where the present church is located and opposite the present residence of Peter Stothoffi"! The location of the first court-house of Somerset may be understood by an examination of the deed ot Elbert Stothoff' and Antje his wife to Isaac Van Zandt, dated Feb. 20, 1730, in which instrument occur these words : " Beginning at the easterly corner of the Somerset County court-house, standing in the road that leads from Inian's Ferry to Eocky Hill ; bounded southeast upon the said road, easterly upon Mrs. Fleets', northerly upon said StothofF, and southerly upon said county court-house, containing one-half of an acre of land." June 8, 1758, in a survey relating to a quit-claim from John to Wilhelmus Stothoff", a small lot was passed by them in the survey, described as " com- monly called the court-house lot."J In the earliest deeds this lot was called " The Point," it being the most southerly point of the Harrison tract of ten thou- sand acres. ^ The amount of money appropriated for the court- house is not known, nor the precise time of its erec- tion. Courts were held in the county as early as 1717, for in that year "the grand jury of Somerset came into court, reported nothing off"ered, and were discharged." || The court records from that time till 1738 were un- doubtedly burned with the court-house and jail in the fall of 1737 or the spring of 1738. On the 15th of March, 1738,1 an act was passed " for building a court- house and gaol in the county of Somerset," the first section of which is as follows : " Acts of General Assembly of New Jersey, 1703-76, p. 32, Nevill. t E. Voorhees' iirst paper in " Our Home." In the seventh paper, p. 292, he says, " A part of the foundation of the old court-house is still to. be seen at old Six-Mile Eun, opposite the house of Capt. Beardsley." t The court-house was at Millstone prior to that time, however. i " Earitan and its Early Settlers," p. 292, " Our Home." II Voorhees first paper, " Our Home," p. 5. f Acts of General Assembly of New Jersey, 1703-76, p. 247, NevUl. COUKTS AND COUNTY BUILDINGS. 569 "Whereas, The court-house and gaol belonging to the county of Somerset were by accident lately burnt down, and no law in this prov- ince haying provided tor building thereof, and it being highly necessary it should be built; therefore " Be U enacted by IJie Governor, Council, and AseemUy of Oie said province and a is lierA;/ enacted by the authority of (he same, That it shall and may be lawful for any three justices of the peace of the said county, whereof ojie is to be of the quorum, and they are hereby enjoined, commanded, and required, in conjunction with the freeholders chosen for the said county, by virtue of an act for raising of money for building and re- pairing of gaols and court-houses, to meet together as soon as convenient after the publication of this act, at any place the said justices and free- holders shall think proper in the said county, and then and there draw advertisements, to be fixed up in the most publick place in each precinct of the said county ; thereby giving notice to all persons who, by law, are qualified to give their votes for the choice of representatives in the said county, to assemble themselves together at any place where the free- holders chosen as aforesaid shall think most convenient within the said county, some day by the said justices and a majority of the said free- holders appointed, not exceeding forty days nor less than twenty, from the time of fixing up such advertisements ; then and there by plurality of votes to elect the place whereon such court-house and gaol shall be built." It was provided by the act that on the day appointed the justices should receive votes from all qualified voters ; that the chosen freeholders should he judges of the election, and have power to adjourn it from day to day, not exceeding three days, "until all votes are taken that attend." The justices and freeholders were empowered to "number the persons voting; and for what place soever a majority of votes shall happen for building the court-house and gaol, in that place and not elsewhere shall the same be built." The free- holders were authorized and empowered to order the assessment and collection of a tax amounting to such sum as they might think sufficient for the erection of the court-house and jail, and to appoint a suitable person as manager to superintend and have charge of their construction. The records of the board of justices and freeholders, covering a period of thirty-four years from this time, have been lost or destroyed, and therefore no ofBcial account is found of the holding of the election authorized by the above-mentioned act, or of the se- lection of the site of the court-house and jail ; but records are found, dated in 1772 at the court-house at Millstone, thus showing that the county buildings had been located and built at that place. The following notes, taken from the second minute- book of the board of justices and freeholders, will be interesting to the citizens of the county, as a century has passed since they were written, viz. : " Millstone, 1771. — Voted that John Brokaw, Esqr., have 30s. proc* for being clerk the year past." May 13, 1772, there were present as justices Peter Schenck, Abram Van Nest, Peter Perrine, Jacob Van Ostrand, John Brokaw ; and as freeholder John Bap- tist [Dumont?]. " A petition came in by John Denton. The contents was, that he went and brought the commission from Burlington to hold a Circuit Court at Millstone. Toted that he should have 2bs., and receive an order on the county collector for the same." 37 * Proclamation money, — 78. 6d. to the dollar. May 12, 1773, the court-house had been repaired by Cornelius Lott, for which he received "twenty-four shillings, light money." John Smock brought in an account for numbering the inhabitants of Hillsborough. He was allowed thirty shillings for the same. Charles Eoberts and Peter De Hart were allowed fifteen shillings for num- bering the inhabitants of the eastern precinct of the same. May 11, 1774, Hendrick Fisher received twelve shillings from the county collector for bringing the papers and minutes of the Houses of Assembly from Burlington. ^ Charles Eoberts received eight shillings, proclama- tion money, for his trouble in apprehending some negroes that were supposed to be guilty of poisoning some other negroes. John Bennett received fifty shillings, proc, for apprehending and confining some negroes in jail, and for some hinges and thumb- latches for the court-house. William Sickles was allowed the sum of eighteen shillings six pence, proc, for services done in 1768, as appears by the old books. Cornelius Lott was allowed sixteen shillings ten pence, light money, for glazing and fitting one win- dow in the court-house. Jacob Vanderbilt was al- lowed four pounds four shillings for services as con- stable. John Van Nostrand was allowed five pounds six shillings three pence, light money, for boarding prisoners, mending the jail, finding material, and boarding the hands. Josiah Arrowsmith was allowed five pounds, proc, for twice warning the justices and freeholders to meet at Somerset court-house. May 10, 1775, Christopher Hoagland was allowed forty-five shillings for numbering the people of the "western precinct." Abraham Staafs was allowed forty-five shillings for numbering the people of the "eastern precinct." (These precincts refer respect- ively to Hillsborough and Franklin.) Ezekiel Ellison received two pounds nineteen shillings three pence for work done on the court-house. John Bennett re- ceived seventeen shillings six pence for spikes and hinges for the court-house. William Sickles received ten shillings for whipping a man. John Gaston re- ceived twenty shillings for services as clerk in full up to date. December, 1777, the Board directed the jail to be repaired, the locks and doors to be made sufficient; that the fireplaces, the chimneys, and all the windows be repaired, and that Ernestus Van Harlingen and John Van Nostrand be the managers. The same men were directed to procure .one shackle and two handcufis for securing prisoners. June, 1778, John Van Doren repaired the court- house at a cost of one hundred and sixty-eight pounds. He was paid in January, 1779. Dec. 2, 1779, two hundred and twenty pounds was ordered to be paid to Peter Dumont, late sherifi" of the county, for executing the sentence of death on a negro convicted of murder, and for sundry expenses 570 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. attending tlie same ; also for conveying prisoners from Yorktown to Somerset. The sum of four pounds thirteen shillings nine pence was ordered to be paid to Cornelius Lott for work done on the court-house. The sum of four pounds thirteen shillings nine pence was ordered to be paid to James Whalford (?) for ex- penses in boarding the negro Cuff and James Ewing, two prisoners in custody. In 1777 (as is shown by the record), Cornelius Lott was employed to repair the jail, and May 13, 1778, Jacques Voorhees, collector, was ordered " to purchase three thousand feet of boards to repair the court-house, and to cause them to be delivered at said house." On the 25th of June in the same year he was ordered "to purchase fifteen hundred feet of three-quarter- inch and two thousand feet of inch pine boards, and also some inch-and-a-half oak plank, for the purpose of repairing the court-house and gaol of said county."* Also it was " agreed that John Van Dorn act as man- ager to see the court-house and gaol repaired, and also to furnish such further necessaries as he shall stand in need of to complete the same." It is prob- able that these repairs were not made, as there is no account of a settlement with Mr. Van Dorn. The court-house was destroyed at the time of Sim- coe's raid, in October, 1779. At the first annual meeting after its destruction, held May 10, 1780, at Hillsborough, the following action was taken : " Agreed that the eum of £126 5s. be paid unto Cornelius Lott for Hiring and paying Men to collect the Iron and Bricks belonging to the County found after the Court-house was burned by the enemy. Also £14 88. 9d. for sundry smith work done to repair the Court-house." Dec. 24, 1779, the General Assembly passed the following act : " Wheeeas, the court-house and gaol of the county of Somerset was lately burned by the enemy ; and Wheeeas the justices and chosen free- holders in and for the said county, by their memorial presented to the Legislature, have set forth that they are destitute of a convenient and safe place to confine any offender or offenders against the laws of this State ; praying that a law may be passed to authorize the justices of the peace to commit such offenders to Gaol in any of the neighboring counties." The Legislature accordingly passed " An act per- mitting the authorities of Somerset to use the gaols of Middlesex,, Hunterdon, or Morris," at the expense ot Somerset. June 6, 1780, an act passed the General Assembly of the State "to locate a court-house in Somerset County,'' which provided "That in future it shall and may be lawful for the Judges of the In- ferior Court of Common Pleas and the Judge of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace for said county, and they are empowered, to open and hold the said courts in some convenient house or building near the place where the Court-house formerly stood." The inhabitants of the county sent a memorial to the Legislature stating that the board of trustees and freeholders could not agree upon a place whereon to rebuild the county court-house and. jail. They there- fore requested a special act authorizing a vote of the inhabitants of the county to decide the location. The sheriff was accordingly directed to give notice of an election for said purpose. The election was to be viva voce. The act directed the raising of the neces- sary money. The judges and justices were authorized to hold court in any convenient house or building * These extensive repairs, etc., may explain the heavy expenditures of this early period, as set forth in the following document, copied from the records: Jacguea Voorhees Co. Collector in acct. Current vMh the County of Somereet, from July, 1780, tiCl July, 1784, Jnchmve. Br. Or. Cash eeceived et Mb. Voohhees for -which he stands Da. Cash paio foewaru bt Me. Vooehees to the Treasures AND others, foe WHICH HE IS TO BE CREDITED. Of what Township or Precinct receiTed. Specie. State Money. Continental. Specie. state Money. Continental. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ 8. 18 12 16 6 10 3 d. 10 7 6 10 10 £ .. d. £ .. d. £ «. d. 4,617 4,616 4,958 4,688 2,081 1,736 6 11 2 5 2 10 6 "i 7 6 4,211 3,998 4,472 6,051 2,623 2,624 15 18 8 1 6 6 1 3 5 106,973 112,906 137,412 142,931 85,805 77,680 22,363 17 Yi 22,333 17 i 660,679 9 4 Bridgewater Amt of Debt & Credit 22,497 16 10 22,981 8 2 663,609 6 7 22,363 17 M 22,333 17 4 660,679 9 4 N.B— In Mr. Voorhees' Book, page 24, he charges himself Debtor for £9702 6». Continental Money, which he says he has paid John Stevens, Late Treasurer, but has no Toucher for the same. „ . ^ J £ «. d. Specie Kecd..._ _ 22,497 16 lOVi Specie pd Treas. 4c 22,363 17 0>| Ball 133 19 10 State Money reed 22 981 8 2 State Money pd Treas. &c !!!*.*.*.!'.!."!!!['.'.!!.'.'."."!!!!!! 22*333 17 4 Ball.. 647 10 10 Continental Money Reed 663 609 ' 6 7 Continental Money pd Treas. &c '.'.'.'.'.'.'.''.."''.'.'.'."'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.""'.'.. 660*679 9 4 Ball.. 2,929 17 3 COURTS AND COUNTY BUILDINGS. 671 meanwhile, and the acts of all courts held elsewhere since the burning of the court-house were legalized. Courts were held* at Hillsborough till 1784, the last term commencing January 6th of that year. ' The April term was held at Bridgewater. April 10, 1781 " the sheriff of the county laid before the board of freeholders the great necessity of a gaol in said county, and the difficulties he labored under for want of a place to confine prisoners committed to his charge, and requested that the board erect a gaol in said county." A motion was made to raise money and erect a jail at or near Tunison's tavern, the place provided by a vote of the county agreeably to law, but, the vote of the freeholders being taken, it was decided in the negative. November 22d of the same year the high sheriff appeared and made his protest, and desired that the same be entered in the journals of the board in the words following : " Wheeeas, the court-house and gaol of the county of Somerset waa burned by the enemy some time ago, since that time the said county has been destitute of both gaol and court-house, the subscriber sheriff of said county protests against the said county for want of a Gaol. " Peter D. Veoom, " SJierif." This protest on the part of the sheriff had its effect, and on the 4th of January following the board met " at the house of Cornelius Tunison, innkeeper at Earitan" (now Somerville), and took actionf as follows : " The Board, taking into consideration the necessity of a gaol to con- fine prisoners committed to the charge of the sheriff of said county, " Agreed that a new gaol be built at the expense of said county at the place last appointed by a general vote of inhabitants of said county, at Saritan, near Tunison's tayem, and that the sum of two hundred and fifty pounds be raised by tax on the inhabitants of said county, in two equal payments, and that at the time the two first State taxes be raised and collected, and that the county collector pay the money to the man- agers of the said gaol appointed to build the same. " Agreed that Derrick Middagh and Eichard McDonald be the man- agers for building the said gaol, and that they be empowered to procure the conveyance of two lots of land in behalf of the said board for the gaol and court-house. *' Agreed that the gaol be built with squared timber, twenty -five feet long, eighteen feet wide and eight foot high from floor to floor, to contain three rooms, and the roof be covered with cedar, and under the floor beds of large stone be laid. " Agreed that the sum of ten pounds be paid to Cornelius Tunison for twenty perches of ground whereon to set the gaol, and the said Tunison gives gratia the quantity of forty feet of land whereon to bnild the court- house." The land was purchased, as agreed upon, and the buildings were erected upon it. In May of the same year (1782) it was agreed by the board of justices and freeholders " that there shall be a room framed upon the top of the square logs of the new gaol at Tunison's for a gaoler's room." The board ordered at this meeting " that the whole of the nails, hinges, and all the iron that did belong to the old court-house, agreeably to inventory in the hands or care of Mr. Lott, be delivered to Col. Middagh or * Vide Court Record of Quarter Sessions, in county clerk's ofBce in Somerville. t Records of Justices and Freeholders. McDonald, the managers of the new gaol." This building was completed in September, 1782, and the board ordered it painted with oil and Spanish brown. On the 6th of September of that year a proposition from the Consistory of Earitan was laid before the board of freeholders, with the view of uniting with the freeholders in the erection of a court-house, to be used by the congregation of Earitan for public worship. A vote was taken, which was in the affirm- ative. Peter Wyckoff, Maj. Eichard McDonald, and John Simonson were chosen to meet with a committee of the Consistory of the congregation of Earitan on Friday, September 13th, to complete arrangements. On the 14th of October in the same year the question was brought before the justices and freeholders whether money should be raised for building a court- house in conjunction with the congregation of Earitan, when the vote was passed in the affirmative and it was voted to raise the sum of one hundred and twenty- five pounds. May 14, 1783, Maj. Eichard McDonald presented his account for building the jail at Tunison's tavern, amounting to the sum of five hundred and fifty-nine pounds nineteen shillings and two pence. Capt. Van Arsdalen and Col. Frelinghuysen reported " that they had expended the sum of £150 on the new court-house at Tunison's, and saith they can go on and finish said house without more money being raised. There was- an order gave them for £150, and the board agrees to raise the sum of £75 more in order to carry on said court-house."t The board thereupon "ordered the court-house painted, but did not prescribe the color ; also ordered the gaol to be partitioned across the large room overhead, and a chimney to be built in the east end of said gaol." That the jail was not satisfactory nor sufficiently capacious for the necessi- ties of the county appears from the following protest, made by the sheriff: "To the Honorable the Judges and Justices of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions for the County of Somerset, and the Board of Chosen Freeholders in s^ County, and all others whom it may concern : Be it remembered that on the fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord 1783, Peter D. Vroom, Bsqr., High Sheriff of the County of Somerset, in the State of New Jersey, did give the said Judges and Justices and Board of chosen freeholders to understand and be informed that the Gaol of the said County of Somerset is not a sufficient gaol wherein to commit and confine the prisoners which shall or may by Law be liable to be committed and confined by the said Sheriff. He doth therefore solemnly protest as well against the insufficiency of said Gaol aa against all Judges, Justices, and chosen Freeholders, and all and every other Person and persons whatsoever whose business it is or may be to keep and provide a good and sufficient Gaol for the said County, for all Damages, Expenses, Costs, and Charges which the said Sheriff shall suffer, or which may in any wise happen or accrue to the said Sheriff or to his securities, or either of them, or to his or either of their heirs, executors, or Administrators, for or by reason of the insufficiency of said Gaol, or by reason of the neglect or omission of those whose business it is or may be to provide a good and sufficient gaol in and for said county. And the said Sherifi" requests that this Instrument of protest may be entered on record in the minutes of the Court of said County, in order that aa well he the X It is understood that the court-martial building, on Mount Pleasant, was used for holding court, and afterwards moved down to what is now Somerville, enlarged, and refitted for the court-house. 572 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. said Sheriff in hie suretiee may avail himself or themselves of the benefit thereof when and as often as occasion shall require. " Dated at Hillsborough, the Day and year first above mentioned. " A true copy. Kobert Gaston, " Olerh b/ the Board." A similar protest was entered by J. Hardenburgh, sheriff, May 9, 1787, and again in May, 1792, and by Robert Blair in 1797. June 4, 1785 : " Maj. R. McDonald informed the Board that he had in hie possession a deed for the lot of land whereon the court-house stands, and also one other lot whereon the gaol stands, and requests to be informed if the said deeds are to be recorded. The board ordered that they be recorded with- out delay,'* Tbese deeds, dated May 30, 1782, are from Cornelius Tunison and Jenetje, his wife, to Derrick Middagh, of Bridgewater, and Eichard McDonald, of Bedminster, in trust. The court-house lot contained twenty square perches. The court-house was erected on the spot now occupied by Dr. Wilson's house, first east of the present court-house grounds. The jail lot was on the north side of Main Street, opposite the intersection of Hamilton with Main. The jail is still standing, its square timbers having been covered with clapboards. The following advertisement, which appeared in the Ouardian, will explain what became of these two old buildings : " By virtue of a refolution of the Board of Chofen Freeholderf of the county of Somerfet, at a meeting held 9th May, 1799 ; "TTTILL be fold at public vendue, on Wednefday, the 19th day of June * * next, at the houfe John Meldrum, at Somerfet Houfe; two houfes, lately occupied af a court houfe and gaol for the faid county of Somerfet — Alfo, the lots of land on which they are fituate." The sale was made on the day appointed. Hendrick Van Arsdalen and Garret Tunison purchased the jail and lot for two hundred and thirty-six dollars and sixty cents; Isaac Davis and John Whitenack the court- house and lot for two hundred and forty dollars. The former was taken down, most of the timbers being used in the erection of a store-house which was occupied many years by Daniel Latourette, afterwards by Wil- liam J. Hedges. May 10, 1786, at a meeting of the board of justices and freeholders, " Mr. Frelinghuysen, on behalf of the congregation of Raritan, re- quested the board, agreeably to articles of agreement between the con- gregation aforesaid and the county of Somerset, that this board will order a sum of money to be raised to pay the expenditure of the congre- gation in building the Somerset court-house, the congregation having resolved to quit their connection with the county in that building • and he further moved that indifferent men might be appointed, according to said articles, to appraise the damages done to this building by them. Whereupon ordered that, upon the supposition of the sum being £236 the county will raise £230 and pay it for that purpose, and so in propor- tion as 236 is to 230 for a greater or lesser sum." The following is interlined beneath : " Oct. 23, 1787, gave an order in favour of P. D. Vroom, treasurer of Earitan congregation, for £228 6s. 9d., being proportion of £234 6s. 9A the sum expended as above." Dec. 28, 1795, the board of justices and freeholders met at the court-house, pursuant to a notice sent out to them by the sheriff, Joseph Annin. He stated as his reasons for calling them together the necessity of a new jail for the county. After discussion "the question was voted upon and passed in the negative." After the protest of Sheriff Blair in 1797, as men- tioned above, the board, at a meeting held Jan. 3, 1798, gave the subject more careful consideration, and, on the question being put, it was carried in the affirmative, and it was unanimously agreed to build them of brick, and connected. Messrs. Blair, Veghte, Terhune, Vroom, and Bryan were appointed a com- mittee " to view the ground upon which to build, to present a plan for construction, and report in the afternoon." The committee reported, accordingly, " that in their opinion the place on which to erect the court-house and gaol should begin at the northeast corner of the church lot, and run thence on a strait line with the rear thereof such a distance as will make a direct line along the west side of James Tunison's lot; thence along the road such a distance as will make a strait line with the westwardly line of the church lot; thence along the same to the beginning. It is impracticable at this time to designate a plan for the buildings, and they recommend that a com- mittee be appointed to visit neighboring gaols and court-houses and present a plan at their next meet- ing," to which the board agreed. Messrs. Veghte, Bryan, Voorheea, Nevius, and Vroom were appointed, and Jan. 15, 1798, presented a plan similar to that of the court-house and jail in Flemington. After due consideration it was " resolved that two feet be added to the width of the plan, so as to make the building 60 by 42 feet." Peter D. Vroom was appointed to survey the lot, secure a deed in the name of the board and their successors, and file the same in the office of the county clerk. The work on the buildings was prosecuted with vigor. On the 11th of May in the same year author- ity was given by the board "to raise the sum of £1800, equal to $4000, towards completing the court- house and gaol." The manager called the committee together in August of that year, and after a careful examination it was decided to substitute a double pitch-roof in place of the one on the original plan. Aug. 9, 1799, the buildings were completed, and John Arrowsmith, jailer, was put in charge of the new buildings. On the same day a committee appointed to examine the accounts of the manager reported that they had " examined the accounts and vouchers, and find upon investigation of the same that the ex- penses of the said buildings amounts to £5644 Os. Id., New York currency (equal to $14,110.07), exclusive of the manager's fees ; and they further report that the remnant of materials were sold by the manager, the nett proceeds whereof amounted to (after deducting certain services) £42 17s. 5d. (equal to $107.18), which sum the said manager is to account for." It was re- solved that Mr. Annin, the manager, be allowed six hundred dollars for his services. In the record of the board of freeholders, under date of May 14, 1800, is EAELY ROADS AND BRIDGES IN SOMERSET COUNTY. 573 an account of settlement with Mr. Annin, with the name of each individual who worked on the court- house or furnished material, and the amount paid each, viz. : T. 1 -KT i . „ Amonnt in York Persons' Names to whom Payable. Currency. £ 8 d William Forman 57 12 9 John Pool ""] 34 jg iy Francis Oovenhoven ,'"."'.' 49 15 jo John Dennis, Jr ".. 8 14 4 John Plum * 14 Enos Talmage ." jg ^l Benjamin Cook .".'.'.'.'.'.". 98 4 James McCoy 58 9 8 Abraham Ackerman .' 45 12 9 Aaron Van Doren 40 ^q John Sheldran 8 8 6 Peter Suydam [[[ 4*7 1 3 Benjamin Balgliph 34 9 jq Joseph Compton 7 16 8 William Roy .""■. 40 Peres Bonney 61 9 6 JohnHeriod. 2 8 Samuel Haines 15 1 6 William Davis ", 8 Isaac Cooper 9 34 9 Cornelius Van Deventer 82 8 7 Daniel Whitehead 2 8 Frederick Van Liew 11 2 1 Dickerson Miller 8 13 Jehial Freeman, or order 22 7 3 Jehial Freeman 61 ig 10 Brogun Brokaw 7 14 5 Ganin McCoy 75 n 9 Nicholas Rynierson 2 16 Bemardus Van Neste 2 16 9 Jacob Van Doren 5 8 James Hogg 10 2 John Bryan Ill 17 8 Thomas Talmage 414 6 10 Willet Wame 28 13 10}4 Kichard Runyan 41 17 11 Isaac Howell 16 2 6 Nathaniel Bryan 7 16 6 David De Camp 26 5 11 Aaron Ross 10 13 8 Cornelius Beekman 4 7 Joseph StoU 11 9 2 DirckTunison 263 16 3 JohnTeeple 20 11 1889 16 234 The manager has received of the county col- lector at different times 3857 13 6 The materials left were sold for 42 17 5 Balance due the manager, for which a certifi- cate was issued 93 13 6 £6884 714* May 12, 1802, an account of one hundred and fifty- nine dollars and fifty-two cents was audited by the board of justices and freeholders in favor of Peter D. Vroom for a bell for the court-house. At the same meeting a petition was presented from the Consistory of the congregation of Raritan and the requests of Somerville Academy asking that the grounds of the court-house lot be fenced and graded. The next day Jacob R. Hardenburgh was given charge of " fencing, leveling, and planting the ground with ornamental trees." The entire cost of this work was one hun- dred and ninety-six dollars and fifty-six cents. No further improvements, repairs of buildings, or erection of new ones are mentioned in the records until Sept. 10, 1810, when the following action was taken : "On application of Samuel Swan, clerk of the Courts of Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions of the county, to build a fire-proof oflHce for the preservation of the books and papers belonging to the clerk's and surro- gate's oiflces, it was unanimously " Reached^ That an oflBce of that kind be erected, that the sum of eight hundred dollars be appropriated for that purpose, and that the said sum * Equal to $14,710.07. be assessed on (he inhabitants of this county, agreeably to law. Ordered that Mr. Director,! Mr. Arrowsmith, and Mr. Rickey be a committee in- vested with full powers as well to select a suitable place for the site of the said olHce as to contract for and superintend the building of the same-; and that they be authorized at any time to draw on the county collector for any sum of money not exceeding the sum of eight hundred dollars.'' The records of the freeholders fi'om this time to about 1833 are not known to be in existence. The clerk's and surrogate's offices were soon after built,— the former on the west side of the court-house, and the latter on the east side. The old court-house was found to be inadequate to the requirements of the county business, and in 1846 the building was raised one story higher and a por- tico added on the Iront. The contract price for this work was ten thousand dollars. The present jail of the county was erected in 1870. The contract for it was awarded to Mr. Richardson for ten thousand three hundred and seventy-five dol- lars, and Nov. 12, 1870, the entire cost was reported as ten thousand three hundred and seventy-five dol- lars contract, and five thousand two hundred and twenty-seven dollars and three cents extras, making a total of fifteen thousand four hundred and two dol- lars and three cents. In 1872 the question of building an addition to the clerk's office was presented to the board of freeholders, upon which, after consideration, "the committee on public buildings were authorized and instructed to make such alterations and additions to the clerk's office as they may deem advisable and necessary to the proper preservation of the books and papers of the county." The addition in the rear of the clerk's office was built in that year, and Jan. 7, 1873, the total cost was reported at three thousand seven hun- dred and sixty dollars and seventy-two cents. CHAPTER V. EABLY BOADS AND BEIDGES IN SOMEESET COUNTY.: The first mention of " Ways" or Roads — Deshler on Early Roiids— The road "up Raritan" — Other Highways — E.^tract from old " Road Book" of Somerset County — New Jersey Turnpike Company — Early Bridges — Marriages in 1797 — List of Bridges in 1805, etc. The earliest legislative enactment relative to roads passed the Assembly of New Jersey April. 6, 1676, and is as follows :^ " Be it enacted by this Auembly, That for the more sure and speedy pas- sage of the aforesaid deputiesfl for the future, that can he taken by the inhabitants of the town of Middlesex to make choice of two or more men out of the said town, then to join with two or more chosen out of Piscataqua, to make out the nearest and most convenient way that may be found between the said towns upon the county charge ; and this to be done between this and the tenth of May next upon the penalty of what Damages may ensue for the want thereof." f Martin Schenck. -H'-t. t By Austin N. Hungerford. § Leaming and Spicer, p. 118. I Of Middlesex and Shrewsbury to the meeting of General Assembly. 574 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. March 1, 1682, six years later, an act of Assembly passed whicli is the first of a general character upon the subject of roads, and is as follows :* "An Act foe making and settling of Highways, Passages, Lajjd- INGE, BeiUGES, and FeERIES WITHIN THIS PeOVTNCE. " Be ii enacted by the Govenujr, Council, and Deputies in General Assembly tww met and assembled, and by authority of the same, That in and through- out this Province all necessary highways, passages, landings, and ferries, fit and apt for traveling, passages, landing of goods, shall be set, laid out, and appointed in and throughout every county within this Province by the respective Persons hereinafter mentioned, — that is to say in and for the County of Essex. . . . For the cou nty of Bergen. . . . For the county of Middlesex and parts adjacent; the Governor or deputy Governor for the time being, the Surveyor-General, Capt. John Palmer, Thomas Wame, Stephen Warne, Samuel Dennis, Samuel Moore, Edward Slater, John Gillman, Hopewell Hull. For the County of Monmouth. . . ." Following the appointment of these commissioners are provisions that confer powers for opening roads and assessment of taxes for their cost. Mr. C. S. Deshler, in a paper on the "Early Eoads of New Jersey," read before the Historical Society of New Brunswick, June 2, 1880, says, — " Before the passage of this act the roads in New Jersey, with the ex- ception of the great highways already described,t were mere Indian tracks, cart^ways, or bridle-paths. In Gov. Lawrie's time (from 1684 to 1686) numerous roads were opened — several of them of considerable im- portance — which remain in use to this day. The portion of the State lying along the two gi-eat highways and on the banks of the Raritan, Delaware, Passaic, Hackensack, and their tributaries, had become quite thickly settled. The necessities of the people, in the quaint language of that time, for ways to church, to court, to the blacksmith-shop, to the landings, and especially to mill and to market, led to roads being made in every direction, the upper and lower roads which traversed the State, and the rivers which penetrated the interior, forming the vertebrae from which all the lesser roads radiate or upon which they converged." The earliest official record of the laying out of a road by commissioners is found in Liber A, p. 433, of " Deeds and Patents of East New Jersey," in the office of the Secretary of State at Trenton, and is as follows : " Memorandum.— 1ha.t whereas, by virtue of an act of Assembly, we the persons under subscribed were by virtue of the said act appointed for the laying out the highways for the county of Middlesex, in prosecution thereof the twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, and twenty-eighth dayes of this instant, we have marked and laid out the wayes as follows : On from John White's plantation on Raritan River along upon a ridge of upland on or near the old Indian path to the north side of Capt. Codrington's, and all the meadowes down to Maj. James Gyle's, at which place there is to be a bridge for horse and waggon; from there to along the upland near the meadowes on Raritan River to Bellowes plantation, and through his corn-field as the trees are marked; from thence to Aaron Jacob's through his field, his house being in the middle of the highway as the trees are marked ; from thence by marked trees to Vincent Eungimone's land; and it is agreed that there should be a footway elevated along Earitan riverside through the long meadow, continued to Capt. Codring- ton's and upward, and from the marked trees there down to the river, the highways to be taken one-halfe out of Hopewell Hull's lott and the other halfe out of Vincent's Lott, being in all one hundred feet in breadth ; and from Vincent's by the line of marked trees to Capt. Green- land's ; from thence in the old road to Piscataway ; from thence in the old road to Woodbridge; from thence along the ordinary road above Capt. Pike's second crooke ; from thence by line of marked trees through the woods along the east side of Capt. Pike's fresh or boggy meadow thence into the highway that leads into the market-place in Amboy, and from the highway that leads into the sound through the said market- place by a line of marked trees to the north side of James Eeid's fence ; from thence by the west side of Capt. Codrington's land ; from thence * Learning and Spicer, pp. 266, 268. t That is, the thoroughfare from Elizabethtown Point to New Bruns- wick, and thence, by the upper and lower routes, to the Delaware. along the northernmost end of Woolfe's swamp ; from thence by a line of marked trees into the road leading from Piscataway to Woodbridge ; from Woodbridge the usual road to the corner of Samuel Smith's land; from thence by a line of marked trees over the upper branch of the meet- ing-house brooke ; from thence by marked trees to the First Branch of Raway River ; from thence by marked trees to the Second Branch of the said river. " Dated the twenty-eighth day of the month called June, one thousand six hundred and eighty-four. *' Gawen Laweie, Samuel Dotjnds, " Conead Slattee, John Geeenman, "Hopewell Hull, Samuel Mooeb." John White's plantation, from which this road started, is known as No. 6 on the map that accom- panies the Elizabethtown bill of chancery. It was one of the " Earitan Lotts," and may be described as lying on the banks of the Earitan, east of Peter's Brook and west of the old Van Veghten property.^ Two years after this road was laid out the trouble occurred between John Campbell (son of Lord Neill Campbell) and John White that caused the opening of the road from the North and South Branches to the main highway that started, as shown above, from John White's plantation. The following, from C. S. Deshler, is of great in- terest in this connection, but, as the memorandum of June 28, 1684, fixes the date of the laying out of the road from John White's plantation eastward, the remarks apply equally as well to the remaining por- tion, from John White's west to the North Branch, and show the cause that led to the opening, — viz. : "Prior to the passage of the general law which we have been consid- ering, and until as late as 1686, the roads which have been above de- scribed were the only ones stretching over any considerable portion of the State or linking together its scattered plantations, settlements, .and embryo towns. The next road of public and general importance was the one familiarly spoken of as a road up Earitan. This branched from the main highway that ran across the State, starting out from it at Piscata- way, and running to Bound Brook, and so through Somerset County to the North and South Branches. There is no official record in exist- ence, so far as I have been able to discover, of the first opening of the road, and its exact date is diflScult to be arrived at. In the course of my investigations, however, some facts have come to light which enable me to fix the date with tolerable precision, and, as this road was an impor- tant one to our county,g at the same time that it was one of the earliest results of the pioneer plantations along the Earitan in Somerset County, and as it afterwards became a leading contributor to its settlement and development, it has a strong claim upon our interest. " Among the other roads laid out in 1706 by John Bishop, George Brake, and John Matthews, commissionera of roads for the county of Middlesex, the record of which throws light upon still eariier roads, is one which is described as follows ; ' And also for one other public comon and general highway, to extend from Woodbridge to Piscataway; and also from Amboy to Piscataway, and from thence along the road to and through Somerset County to the North Branch, as it was formerly laid out in the late Gov. Laurie's time.' So that if this record be accurate, this road was first laid out during the administration of Gov. Laurie, which extended from 1684 to 1686. That it must have been laid out in X As no mention has been made in any publication the writer has seen of the precise date of the laying out of the following road, it is here given. It is recorded in Liber A, the same as the one heretofore given. May 29, 1686, a road was laid out "from the turning out of Piscattaway Eoad to goo to Amboy along the north side of the great swamp com- monly known as Amboy's great swamp, winding along the swamp to the east end thereof, and from thence to the intended town plott at Amboy, as may be found most convenient." The commissioners who laid out this road were Samuel Dounds, Isaac Thornhill, and Hopewell Hull. g Middlesex. . EARLY EOADS AND BRIDGES IN SOMERSET COUNTY. 51&- 1686 appears from the followlDg affidavits, which were made in 1720, when Bome difBcultiea had arisen about the true course of the * road up Karitan,' and which are preserved in the old book of record of Middle- sex County, pp. 80, 81-91 : "*FinL ■William Sharp, of Woodbridge, in the County of Middlesex, in the province of New Jersey, yeoman, aged about fifty-seven years, maketh oath on ye Holy EvangelistB of Almighty God that he, this de- ponent, from the one thousand six hundred and eighty-six (1686), that he settled upon the north side of y^ Karitan River near the meeting of North and South Branches, he used y' road which waa commoDly called and esteemed y« highway, said to be laid out by the authority of ye gov- ernment of the province of New Jersey. DuriDg the nine years that he lived there the highway lead from Bound Brook near to Mr. Gile's house, through the land late in the tenor of John Budyard, and so behind the improved land of Capt. CoddiDgton,* Mr. White's, and y* other y« inhab- itants, unto y« North Branch of y« said river, to the upper end of a plan- tation y« west side thereof. " 'William Sharp, April 29, 1720.' ^'*Seccmd. John Campbell, of Piscatua, in the county of Middlesex, in the province of New Jersey, yeoman, aged about fifty-eight years, maketh oath on the Holy Evangelists of Almighty God that in the year of our Lord 1686 this deponent was coming down Baritan Biver with several of the servants of Lord Neil Campbell, going to Woodbridge meeting. There being no way this deponent knew but through the inclosure of Mr. John White, deceased, they were stopt by Mr. White by his gate for some little time, but then not before this deponent and other servants re- turned. Ye said John White went to Amboy to Govtruor Loury and complained against them, who were called before the said Governor Iioury, and answered they knew no other way. The Governor said there should be a way appointed for to go up the country clear of Mr. White and the other inhabitants' improvements. Accordingly, before this de- ponent, with others aforesaid, went up the way marked out, leading from Bound Brook, near Mr. Gile's house, through the land late in the tenure of Mr. John Budyard, behind the rear of all the improved lands behind" his fields, and so several inhabitants on the said Raritan Biver, to the North Branch thereof, at or near the upper end of a plantation on the west side of the said branch belonging to Peter Van Voste,| and that during the space of nine years that this deponent lived up the Baritan and South Branch thereof, he always understood that to be ye highway layed out by ye authority of ye government of East Jersey. "John Campbell, Apl. 29, 1720.' " In connection with the deponent, who was a servant of Lord Neill Campbell, and in 1686 was on his way from the North Branch to attend church at Woodbridge, it may be mentioned that Lord Neill in 1685 be- came the owner of one-fourth of a twenty-fourth part of East Jersey. In January, 1685, he had located sixteen hundred and fifty acres on the Baritan and North Branch, and it was from this 'plantation,' without doubt, that his clansman was proceeding to Woodbridge when arrested by Mr. John White. " The course of the ' road up Baritan' from Piscataway to Bound Brook is not clear. Certainly it did not come from Piscataway to Inian's Ferry and run from thence along the river to Bound Brook as the road now lies, that road being of much later origin. After combining all the information I have been able to gather, I am persuaded that the road left Piscataway (a six-rod road; record of roads, my copy, p. 81), passed from thence in a northwesterly direction west of Metuchen, through Quibble- town and New Market to Bound Brook. Considerable portions of this road remain six rods wide to this day, although much of the original road has been obliterated by the plow, and parts of the existing road are made up of newer and narrower ones. After reaching Bound Brook the road extended to Somerville, running, as we have seen by the above affi- davits, in the rear of the improved lands and farm-houses on the banks of the Raritan, a little to the south of the present turnpike, following the north side of the Baiitan to the junction of the two branches, and from thence going west to Lambertville, at that time called Howell's Fen7. There is in existence another affidavit, made in 1720, relating to this road, which is of interest because it was made by Peter Van Nest 13 1i $i %l •3 ° 1* 1.= 1'- « £: S |gg, a, a, II II 11 1^ .a s H &, ^ The lodge-room is in Masonic Hall, Main Street,, Bound Brook. " The Women's Christian Temperance Union" of Bound Brook was organized Oct. 1, 1877, with a mem- bership of 14; the present number of members (Sep- tember, 1880) is 50. Officers : President, Mrs. John Smalley ; Vice-Presidents (one from each chiirch), Mrs. L. D. Cook, Mrs. J. D. Eaton, Mrs. A. R. Lib- bey, Mrs. S. N. Kingsbury, Mrs. Abram Ross ; Sec- retary, Miss M. H. Roundey ; Treasurer, Miss Mattie F. Parrott. This Union is auxiliary to the State Women's Christian Temperance Union, holds its annual meeting On first Wednesday of October, and a weekly prayer-meeting throughout the year. Pub- lic temperance meetings are held from time to time, and courses of lectures given on general subjects for the purpose of raising funds. A free reading-room, supported by the Union, is open every evening. Tem- perance literature is widely circulated. An auxiliary juvenile union has been maintained for over two years, and now numbers about 80 members. General sentiment is steadily advancing in the direction of temperance, and 339 persons have signed the total abstinence pledge. FIRE DEPARTMENT OE SOMERVILLE. A number of fire companies have been organized at difi"erent times, but have disbanded for some cause. About 1878 the board of commissioners of Somer- ville erected a brick house on Maple Street, about 16 by 45 feet, two stories in height, for an engine-house, 684 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. and also purchased an Amoskeag steamer, with the necessary hose and hose-cart. A company was then in existence, and continued two or three years. The present company was organized Sept. 19, 1878, with 60 members, and is known as " Somerville Fire En- gine Company, No. 1." The company has at present 55 active members, all of whom are business men of the village. The present officers are George W. Ab- bott, Foreman ; E. L. Day, First Assistant Foreman ; James B. Brown, Second Assistant ; George W. San- born, Secretary ; John Maxwell, Treasurer. An independent hook-and-ladder company was organized in July, 1880, with 20 members, and elected officers as follows : William Steele, Foreman ; William Taylor, Assistant Foreman ; George Jones, Secretary; John Garretson, Treasurer. A truck with the neces- sary equipment has been purchased. MANUFACTURES. Raritan Water-Power Company. — Soon after the close of the Revolution the progressive men of the State of New Jersey turned their attention to the encouragement of manufactures, and in 1791 a com- pany was incorporated by act of the State Legisla- ture, under the name of " The Society for Establish- ing Useful Manufactures." The society was organ- ized the next year, and employed practical engineers to make examination of the different rivers of the State for the purpose of selecting the best site for a water-power. After a thorough examination, three localities were reported, — " the Falls of the Passaic, the Raritan River near Somerville, and the Falls of the Delaware." The former was finally decided upon. But the selection of Raritan River at this place as one of the locations naturally attracted the attention of practical men from time to time, and under an act of Legislature approved Feb. 16, 1820, a dam was erected across Raritan River, just west of where the bridge now crosses the river at Raritan village. A flour-mill was built on the north side. These im- provements were made by Jacob Van Doren, and afterwards owned by J. V. D. Kelly. It is the mill- property now owned and operated by Col. Read. The dam continued in use until after the canal was built, and was then demolished. A survey was made about 1836 with a view to con- structing a race-way from the Raritan River. The projectors of the enterprise were John I. Gaston, Garrett D. Wall, and James S. Nevius. Work was commenced by them, and other capital- ists became interested in the enterprise. A company was formed and incorporated, Feb. 28, 1840, under the name of " The Somerville Water-Power Com- pany," with Garret D. Wall as president, Luther Loomis treasurer, and Isaac P. Lindsey treasurer. Besides those mentioned, the other gentlemen inter- ested were Samuel P. Lyman, Robert Van Renssalaer Abraham Suydam, Rynier Veghte, Thomas A. Hart- well, and William Thompson. The company started with a capital stock of $200,000, with the right to in- crease to $300,000. Full power was vested in them by the charter to purchase and hold lands and water rights, to erect a dam, make a race-way, and divert the water of the Raritan River from its channel. Land was purchased and a dam constructed across the Rari- tan a short distance below the confluence of the North and South Branches ; this raised the water of the river two and a half feet above its ordinary level, con- ducting it into the race-way, and thence to the contem- plated sites for manufactories. A race-way was made, commencing at the dam and running nearly parallel with the river, 3 miles in length, and secured on each side by a permanent embankment. The tail-race was about a quarter of a mile in length. A reservoir was also built 2 miles below the dam, and another near the termination, covering about 5 acres. The esti- mated cost was $100,000, but the sum was not suffi- cient to complete it, and a mortgage for $50,000 was given by the company, which after several years was foreclosed. This action was followed by a lawsuit, which lasted twelve years, and the mortgage was in- creased to $80,000. In 1863 it was finally sold, and purchased by the stockholders. "The Raritan Water-Power Company" was organ- ized and incorporated March 24, 1863, with the follow- ing corporators; Joshua Doughty, John M. Mann, Hezekiah B. Loomis, John M. Martin, Stephen B. Ransom, Edward F. Loomis, and Hugh M. Gaston. The capital stock was $50,000, " with power to pur- chase all or any part of the real estate now or formerly owned by the Somerville Water-Power Company, including canal, head-gates, water-power, water rights,- ftanchises, and water." The property of the old com- pany was purchased, and new head-gates and a race- way 300 yards in length were constructed. When the company commenced the rebuilding of head-gates and making other improvements an injunction was issued on petition of the landowners, who alleged the company had no right to divert the water from the river, and ignoring the written consent of the prior owners of the land permitting it. The company al- leged that they had such consent. An extended liti- gation ensued, in which some of the ablest counsel of the State were engaged. The right of the company to use all the water of the river was fully established. The company have sold building lots to the amount of $35,000 since their organization. Water from the canal is now used to a limited extent by the difierent manufacturing establishments on its banks. The present officers are James S. Davenport, President ; Edward F. Loomis, Secretary and Treasurer ; Joshua Doughty, James S. Davenport, Edward F. Loomis, Culver Barcalow, Thomas Davenport, and Hugh M. Gaston, Directors. The Somerville Manufacturing Company was incor- porated in 1837, but nothing was done. About the time of the completion of the works of the Somerville Water-Power Company, in 1841, the James Screw BRIDGEWATER. 685 Company erected a stone building on the bank of the canal for the purpose of manufacturing wooden screws. This building was erected on ground be- tween Kinyon's mill and the New Jersey Enamel Paint-Works. It was taken down years after, and the stones were used in the construction of the pres- ent Kinyon mill. The screw company failed after a time, and the building was rented by a paper-mill company, of which Richard D. Covert was the man- ager and principal owner. Two flour-mills on the banks of the river and canal were also in operation about that time. The building of the canal stimu- lated manufacturing enterprises, and many were started, but few accomplished anything. The names, date of incorporation, and objects are given below, with such facts as can be obtained. The Eope and Bagging Company was incorporated March 19, 1845, with a capital of $100,000, for the purpose of manufacturing rope, bagging, and duck. The incorporators were David Heran, Luther Loomis, Samuel P. Lyman, William Thompson, Thomas A. Hartwell, David Sanderson, and Allen Clarke. A building was erected, 40 by 100 feet, on the bank of the canal, and the compainy manufactured their goods four or five years and then failed. The building was used in various enterprises at different times, and is now the oldest structure of the Earitan Woolen-Mill Company. April 3d of the same year the Somerset Cotton-Mill Company and the Somerville Woolen- Mill Company were incorporated ; neither was organ- ized, but the latter kept its charter, and its name was changed on Feb. 25, 1856, to " The American Gutta- percha Company." It occupied the building erected by the Hope and Bagging Company, manufactured a few years, and failed. Kinyon's Machine-Shop. — About 1842, Joseph D. Moore erected a small foundry and machine-shop, and carried on the business until 1844, when David P. Kinyon settled at Earitan and purchased it. In 1846 he bought the property and erected new buildings. The machine-shop burnt down in 1863, and he pur- chased the stone building formerly owned by the screw company and with the stone constructed the present edifice. Mill-machinery of all kinds is manu- factured. Job C. and David E. Kinyon, sons of David P. Kinyon, assumed charge of the business in 1867. William S. Opie & Co.*— In 1850, Whitenack & Davis erected a wooden building on First Avenue, where the present brick shops now stand. It was used first as a foundry and afterwards as a machine- shop, but was sold to Dunham & Staats. Upon the death of the former a company from Phillipsburg bought out his interest. Still later, a company was formed called " The Screw Mower and Eeaper Com- pany." It is now owned by six of the original hands who worked in the shop. The present brick build- ings were erected about 1870. * Successors to the Screw Mower and Eeaper Company. The Woods Shingle- Machine Company was incorpo- rated March 27, 1845, and manufactured goods in the basement of the screw company's building. They failed after a few years. The Angular Hame Company and Holgate Braid Company. — Andrew Dietz, of New York City, com- menced the manufacture of a Dietz angular hame in the second story of Kenyon's machine-shop. Later, J. V. D. Kelly and N. P. Todd were associated with him. A stock company was soon formed, brick build- ings were erected, and a malleable-iron foundry was started near the track of the Central Eailroad. Busi- ness was conducted three or four years, and then ceased. The building was used by J. V. D. Kelly for bending-works for a time, and was afterwards oc- cupied by the Holgate Braid Company for three or four years. It now belongs to the Central Eailroad Company. New Jersey Enamel Paint- Works. — In 1867 a patent was secured for an article called " Bradley's Enamel Paint.'' A stock company was organized in Plain- field in 1868 for the manufacture of the paint, and arrangements were made to that end, but in 1870 the business was removed to Earitan. The brick build- ing now in use was purchased, and business was con- tinued by the company until 1878, when Eynear Veghte became the proprietor, and so continues. The Raritan Woolen-Mills Company was incorpo- rated March 23, 1869, with Lewis, David L., and Henry L. Einstein, Eobert Brown, and Adolph Mack as corporators, for the purpose of manufacturing heavy woolen goods and coatings. The ground containing the brick building erected by the Eope and Bagging Company was purchased, other buildings were erected, and business was commenced with 6 sets of cards and 25 looms. The present capacity is 32 sets, 215 looms, and 600 hands are employed. The power is furnished by a 600 horse-power engine. This mill and those of the Somerset Manufacturing Company are under nearly the same management, and together use 13,000 tons of coal annually. The buildings are all of brick. The Somerset Manufacturing Company was incorpo- rated in December, 1879, for the manufacture of cas- simeres. The members of the company are David L. Einstein (president), Manuel Einstein (treasurer), William Einstein (secretary), Adolph Mack, J. Har- per Smith, and Felix Lamson. The buildings are located near the Earitan Mills, and were erected in 1880. They consist of the main structure, 80 feet wide, 370 feet in length, and two stories in height, and numerous outbuildings. It is a 19-set mill, run- ning 125 looms, and employs 350 hands. A 200 horse- power engine supplies the machinery. The Raritan Flouring-Mill was originally built on the south side of the river, a short distance west of the present bridge. After the purchase of the mill property of Mr. Dawes by the Somerville Water- Power Company, this mill was given as part payment to David Stiers. The mill eventually fell into the 686 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. hands of William Steele and Mr. Frelinghuysen, who were sureties for Mr. Stiers ; they sold it to James Coleman, by whom it was moved across the river and enlarged. It passed, at different times, from Joshua Coleman to George Y. Ford & Co., and to Henry Westcott, and is now owned and operated by William N. Adair & Co. It has at present three run of stone, and is situated between the Raritan Woolen-Mills and the New Jersey Enamel Paint- Works. The Star Mills are situated on the Raritan River and on the canal of the water-power company, from which power is derived. Feb. 16, 1820, Jacob Van Doren was authorized to build a dam across the Rari- tan River for the purpose of utilizing the water for a grist-mill. He built the mill at the north end of the dam, and put in an undershot-wheel. He afterwards sold to Janney Dawes, who also erected a small mill on the opposite side of the river. Upon the organi- zation of the Somerville Water-Power Company, in 1840, the property was purchased by them and sold to J. V. D. Kelly. A small oil-mill on the east end of the grist-mill was in operation for a few years. The mill property passed to Randolph, Tucker & Co., and since that time has been held by numerous owners. It is now operated by Col. Hugh B. Reed, and has five run of stone. Bound Brook Woolen-Mills. — In 1878 the present buildings were erected on the banks of the Raritan River by Henry L. Einstein. They are 380 feet in length, two stories in height, with a capacity of 6 sets of cards, 48 looms. Jan. 15, 1880, the Bound Brook Woolen-Mill Company was incorporated, with H. L. Einstein as treasurer, L. Rosenfeld secretary, and H. L. Einstein, L. Rosenfeld, and C. Einstein as direc- tors. The present capacity is 12 sets of cards, 96 looms, with a 400 horse-power engine. Hands em- ployed, 300. iSmalley's Anti-Friction Machinery Manufactory. — This factory was erected in 1855 by J. Smalley, who manufactured mowers and reapers for ten or twelve years, when the works were discontinued and were used as a spoke-factory, and afterwards rented for seven or eight years to Williams & Co. as a reduction- works. In 1878, Mr. Smalley commenced the manu- factory of anti-friction bearings for machinery. The factory is situated on Main Street, between Church and John. The firm-name is J. Smalley & Co. PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST. There are in the township a few ancient dwellings invested with historic interest. The oldest is the brick house standing on the bank of the canal, near the woolen-mill, in the village of Raritan. It was built in 1736 by Andrew Coejeman, and remained in the possession of that family till 1804. In the summer and fall of 1778, William Wallace built the mansion in Somerville since known as the Miller House. Gen. Washington and wife spent here the winter of 1778-79, rooms being fitted up expressly for their use. At this house Washington and his gen- erals planned the campaign so successfully carried out by Gen. Sullivan in 1779. The house is still standing and in good repair. The old parsonage now owned by Joshua Doughty was built in 1751 by the Rev. John Frelinghuysen, the bricks having been imported from Holland. At this house was really commenced the first theological seminary of the Dutch Reformed Church, which cul- minated in the founding of Rutgers College. During the Revolution the Rev. Dr. Jacob R. Hardenburgh resided here as pastor of the First Reformed Church of Raritan. He was intimately acquainted with Wash- ington, and many were the visits made to the Reverend Doctor and his accomplished wife by the commander- in-chief In this connection the following letter is inter- esting. June 1, 1779, an address of the minister, elders, and deacons of the Dutch Reformed Church of Raritan was presented to " His Excellency George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States of North America," which wa.s signed "by order of the Consistory, Jacob R. Harden- burgh, V.D.M." The address was answered by the general the next day, in a letter dated at " Camp Middlebrook,"* as follows : " Gentlemen, — To meet the approbation of good men cannot but be agreeable. Yonr affectionate expressions make it more so. In quarter- ing and supplying its wants, distress and inconvenience will often occur to tlie citizens. I feel myself happy in the conBciousness that these have been strictly limited by necessity ; and in your opinion of my attention to the rights of my fellow-citizens. I thank you, gentlemen, sincerely for the sense you entertain of the conduct of the army, and for the interest you take in my welfare. I trust the goodness of the cause and the exer- tions of the people, under Divine Protection, will give us that honorable peace for which we are contending. Suffer me, gentlemen, to wish the Dutch Reformed Church at Raritan a long continuance of its present min- ister and Consistory, and all the blessings which flow from piety and Re- ligion. " I am, &c., "G°. Washinqton." WASHINGTON AND MRS. BROKAW.t On the east side of the North Branch of Raritan, about a mile below the church, stands a brick house, still in a state of good preservation. In it resided a farmer named John Brokaw, who when his country called enlisted in Capt. Peter D. Vroom's company. He was chosen lieutenant, and at the battle of Ger- mantown. Pa., fell while leading his men. By his side stood Joseph Stull, a friend and neighbor, who carried him from the front, took charge of his watch and sword, carried them home to his family, and many years after became the husband of his daughter Phoebe, from whom the particulars of this narrative have been derived. In the spring -of 1779, while Washington was yet residing in the Wallace house, in Somerville, he was * His headquarters were still at the Wallace mansion. The army was encamped all along the Raritan, the headquarters of Gen. Greene being at Derrick Van Veghten's house, near what is now Finderne Station. t Rev. A. Messier, D.D. BRIDaEWATEK. 687 made acquainted with the circumstances above related (probably from conversation with Dr. Hardenburgh, who was the pastor of Mrs, Brokaw), and his sympa- thies were so excited in her behalf that he rode up to this house one day — a distance of five miles — to call on her. When he entered the house he was deeply affected, and with many kind and comforting words expressed his sorrow for her bereavement. We have always regarded this incident in our Kevolutionary history as one of the most affecting and beautiful manifestations of the great and tender heart of the Father of his Country. The house is now occupied by Mr. Nevius, whose wife is a great-granddaughter of Capt. Brokaw. As a monument of Washington's tender heart, it ought to stand until it crumbles into dust. THE LEGEND OF CHIMNEY ROCK. The following legend of the Raritan Indians and Chimney Rock is condensed from an article written by Rev. Abr. Messier, D.D., in 1841 : History informa us that the 1200 Indians of the Earitan were presided over by two kings, and that they were the deiiflly enemies of the Man- hattans. The two Raritan chiefs were named Canackamack and Thin- gorawis, according to the signatures affixed to the deeds of Indian title. Tradition gives the origin of the feud between the two tribes, who had long dwelt in amity. Long prior to the time of the kings above named a son of the king of the Manhatae, with a hunting-party, fell in with a similar party of the Raritans. After several days of friendly companion- ehip, during which the young Manhatae chief was a guest in the wigwam of the king of the Raritans, the latter promised him the hand of his only daughter, the beautiful Chinqueka (" Goldfinch") aa his bride. The youth and maiden learned to love, and happily passed the summer. But Manasamitt, an inferior chief of the Raritans, who also loved the maiden and had long designed winning her for himself, grew jealous of the lovers, and determined to avenge his loss upon the favored suitor. An opportunity soon presented. Returning one evening from the hunt he diBCovered the lovers sitting, as waa often their wont, upon the ledge of rocks, gazing upon the limpid waters far below. The maiden fled, and then, alone with his rival, he buried his hatchet in his brain and rolled the "body down the precipice. Great was the grief of Chinqueka; she refused to be comforted, and sought the spot where last she and her lover sat together, and where he met his fate. Tbere she fancied she heard him calling her to come to him ; she plunged into the dark chasm and disappeared forever. When the king of the Manhatae heard of his son's tragic death at the hands of a Raritan brave, his rage was great. He resolved to wage war against that tribe until the spirit of his mur- dered son waa appeased. " The warriors of the tribe were collected and sent forward to meet their foes, and then it was that the pleasant vales of the Raritan were made to echo continually with the war-whoop, and its waters were often dyed with the blood of those who had fallen in the fierce and deadly strife. From year to year the revenge of the bloody Manhatae was pursued, and all the fierce passion of their savage souls excited until they raged and burned. Many were slain on both sides, but no decisive victory gained; and when the white men came the feud was still continued, and gave occasion to the remark which we have quoted from the historian of those early days, that ' the Manhatae were the deadly enemies of the Raritans.' " MILITARY. The part taken by this township in the Revolution was a prominent one. The following documents ex- plain themselves : " Committee Chambeb, Beidgewatbr, Feb. 24, 1776. "Whereas, by the ordinances lately made by the Provincial Congress for regulating the Militia of New Jersey, it appears necessary that each Captain should' have a District for the Company he commands, we the Committee, accordingly grant unto Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck, the command of all the men within the following boundaries or District: Beginning at the line of Hunterdon Co., on the river Allamatunck, thence down said river and also down the North Branch to the mouth of Chambers Brook, then up the said brook to the place where William McDonald's Mill formeriy stood, then to the top of the mountain to Capt. Stile's line, then on a direct line down between Philip Van Narsdalen, and Chris. Van Narsdalen's, westerly of Wm. Black Halls, to the rear of Raritan River Lots, then along the rear of said River Lota to a line of William Lane's River Lot, then northerly and westerly, then down said branch to the line which divides the lands of Borgen Brokaw and Mr. Conovers, then along said line to Hunterdon Co. line, then along the same to the begin- ning. " By order of the committee, "ED. BUNN, Chairman." " A list of the men who served under Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck in the Revolutionary war at different times from 1775 to 1781 : "Edmon Arasmith, John Andrews, Malcom Andrews, Aaron Abaylon, Thomas Auten, Robert Andrews, John Auten, David Appleman, Jere- miah Bertton, Richard Brokaw, Samuel Bertron, David Bertron, Dirk Brokaw, Bergen Brokaw, Hendrick Bunn, Garret Bulmer, Cornelius Bo- dine, Adam Brucanan, Gisbert Bogert, Peter Baskfort, Geradis Bergen, John Burom, Edward Bunn, John Bodine, William Brower, Abraham Bodine, Cornelius Boss, Abraham Brown, CorneUus Boss, Thomas Bush- field, Lewis Bumer, Henry Bunn, Benjamin Burner, Green Brown, Geo. Burner, Frederick Buckobus, John Brown, Henry Booran, Richard Bo- mer, Frederick Bucklew, Robert Bulmer, George Brewer, Wm. Brewer, James Bruylen, John Colter, Archibald Campbell, John Chandler, Rich- ard Cumpton, Richard Cornea, Charles Comes, John Cragg, Christopher Casborn, John Cornelison, Alexander Colter, William Cornelisou, Benja- min Clawson, Barnet Clawson, Garret Cornelison, Peter Colter, William Chivus, John Caatner, William Chambers, David Conine, Peter Coole, Brant Clawson, John Calwell, Joseph Chambus, Michael Colter, John Chapman, Jeremiah Doty, James Duyckins, John Herrod, Samuel Hoag- land, John Henry, George Hall, James Hoge, John Huff, Peter Herpend- ing, Isaac Hall, William Hay, Benjamin Harris, William Hall, Nicols Hall, James Hegamen, William Hoagland, Derrick Hoagland, Peter HadeAbrook, Thomas Hall, Isaac Hadenbrook, James Harris, John Har- riot, John Harris, Minard Johnson , William Johnson, James Johnson, Jacobus Jerolman, Benjamin Jones, David KeUey, David King, Thomas King, Andrew Kilpatrick, Tunis Lane, John Dumont, Elbert Dumont, Fulkert Dow, Rubin Dennis, Peter Dacker, William Dailey, Skillman Doughty, Thomas Drene, Dirk Drake, Isafic Defraste, John Duyckman, William Duyckman, Garret Davis, John Davis, John Ewins, John El- very, Christopher Fraser, Luke Fusler, Jeremiah Fulds, Peter Fulker, Jacob Fusler, Henry Fulkerson, William French, John Goldtrap, John Gorden, Jeremiah Garretson, Timothy Gilmer, David Helebrant, Lewis Hartson, Garret Harris, Lewis Hertough, John Lucas, William Long, John Long, Thomas Lane, Robert Liddle, Thomas Lee, John Lane, Ja- cob Lane, James Lettis, John More, Henry Mapes, Samuel Minor, Joseph Mulner, William Montinmore, Thomas McMurtry, Samuel McKinsley, Robert Maggell, Peter Mishet, Luke More, Ephraim McDowell, John Maligh, James Millin, Thomas Mechlenrath, John Mulbrin, Samuel Mawfut, John Maybeck, Thomas Murfey, Cornelius Messier, Isaac Man- nin, Samuel McDonald, Peter Mealigh, John Millin, William McMans, Daniel McCrain, Hugh McCarty, John .McDowel, John Meabeach, John Nortwick, Christopher Nevius, John Nevius, Christopher Off, Nicholas Oliver, John Prine, Henry Powelson, Peter Post, Isaac Prawl, William Packson, Garret Probasco, William Porter, Archibald Powel, James Powel, William Peach, Mina Powelson, Christopher Probasco, John Ross, James Ross, Joseph Richson, John Rolan, Richard Runyon, Hendrick Bose- bome, Robert Rosebome, James Rightmer, Israel Rickey, Benjamin Bei- mer, Vincent Runyon, Peter Rolan, Zockariah Sickel, Barrant Stryker, Christopher Stryker, John Stuard, Cornelius Suydam, Ryke Suydam, John Storm, Amoa Smalley, Jobn Staats, Barrant Smock, Charles Suy- dam, Joseph Stephens, Fulkert Sebring, Joseph Stull, Henry Slingerlan, Barrant Schuyler, John Sparks, John Stull, George Sehron, Henry Ste- phens, Richard Suddard, Jonas Smalley, James Stuart, Andrew Soms, John Sharp, Matthias Sharp, John Simason, Abraham Sebring, Gabriel Sparks, Joseph Stephens, Abraham Schenk, Gisbert Sutphen, John Smith, Isaac Smalley, John Stillwell, Peter Ten Eyck, John Tunison, Luke Teeple, Hendricks Teeple, Thomas Thompson, George Teeple, George Todd, Thomaa TJmphrey, Dow Van Narsdalen, George Van Nest, Cornelius Van Dike, Peter Van Deberge, Christopher Van Nars- dalen, Peter Van Debrook, Peter Van Nest, John Van Narsdalen, James Van Horn, Derick Van Narsdalen, Hendrick Van Narsdalen , 688 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Peter Yoasler, Jacob Valentine, John Van Natten, John Van Cort, Bar- liard Van Nest, John Van Camp, Abraham Van Nest, Christopher Van Doren, Jaromas Van Vest, Jacob Van Narstrand, Frederick Van Nest, GorneliuB Van Nest, Abraham Van Deventer, Isaac Van Vingle, Abra- ham Van Tingle, Peter Van Deventer, John Van Tingle, Coonrad Van Wagoner, Philip Van Narsdalen, Fulkert Voorhees, Isaac Van Doren, Ruliff Van Pelt, Michael Van Cort, Matthew Van Deveer, Tobiah Van Norden, Bergen Van Boren, Hendrick Vroom, George Vroom, John Vroom, Isaac Voorheea, John Van Honten, John Van Nortwick, John Wortman, William Wilson, James Winterstein, Samuel Williamson, John Wyckoff, Matthew Wite. Cornelius Williamson, Thomas Walker, Wil- liam Waldron, James Whealer, Daniel Wooderd, Andrew Wortman, William Winans, Peter Wovley, John Wilson, Cornelius Waldron, Peter Wortman, George Young, John Young. List of the members of Capt. Conrad Ten Eyck's company : David Ammerman, Powel Ammerman, Benjamin Arrosmith, John Bennet (2d lieutenant), Daniel Blew, Hendrick Blew, John Board, George Brewer, Abraham Brokaw, CasparusBrokaw, Adam Dallas, Jacob Coach, Henry Cook, Abraham Coshaw, Thomas Covert, Tunis Covert, Samuel Davis, John De Camp, John Decker, Hendrick Dumon, Peter Dumon, Mancias Duboya (sergeant), Abraham Dumott, Benjamin Dumott, Law- rence Dumott, Henry Fisher, Joseph French, Fulkert Fulkerson, Chris- tian Herder, Hermanns Hoagland, Johannes Hoagland, John Hoagland, Tunis Hoagland, Nicholas Huff, Kichard Huff, Henry Kennedy, Thomas Lawkerman, Thomas Light, John Lorey, Jr., Abraham Lott, Abraham Low, Daniel McEwen, Simon Van Nortwick, Thomas Peterson, Abraham Post, Peter Peryn (Perrine), John Powelfeon, Leroy Ralph, Hendrick Rosebroom, John H. Schenck (sergeant), Boelif Sebring, Thomas Skill- man, Isaac Stryker, John Stryker, Andries Ten Eyck, Garret Terhune, Cornelius Van Arsdalen, Isaac Van Cleefe (corporal), Paryas Van Cleef, Abram Van Arsdalen (corporal), Jacob Vanderbilt, Chrystoyan Van Dorn, John Van Dorn, Cornelius Van Dorn, Abraham Van Dorn (ensign), John Vandike, John Van Houten, John Van Middlesworth, Thomas Van Middlesworth, Hendrick Van Nortwick, John Van Nortwick (ensign), Jacob Van Nuys, John Van Voorhees, Conrad Ten Eyck (ensign), Conrad Van Wagoner, Abraham Voorhees (corporal), Jacob Voorhees, Peter Voorhees, John Van Aredalen (sergeant), Adulplius Weavour, William Whilson, Jacob Winter, Barent Dumott. iKIDGEWATER IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. The first action taken in reference to raising money for soldiers in the great Rebellion was at a'town-meet- ing held Sept. 3, 1863. It was then voted "That the township be authorized to borrow any sum not to exceed $14,100 as a fund from which to pay a bounty of $300 to each volunteer or drafted man accepted and mustered into the army of the United States under the pending draft." The quota of the town under the call was 47 men. Dec. 22, 1863, the committee was authorized to bor- row $12,000 as a bounty fund, and again, at a special town-meeting held May 31, 1864, the authorities were authorized to borrow a sum of money not to exceed $9600, to be expended in procuring substitutes or the commutation of drafted men, the sum to be raised by a special poll-tax upon each and every person lia- ble to draft and upon the property of the township. June 1, 1864, it was " Resolved by the town committee not to raise money for drafted men, as, the majority of the vote being so small, it was thought not advisable to borrow money upon the credit of th* township." At a special town-meeting, Jan. 21, 1865, held to devise ways and means to fill the quota of Bridge- water, the town committee was instructed to issue bonds of the township in such amounts, and payable at such time, as they may deem proper and necessary, to be applied in obtaining volunteers or substitutes to fill the quota. A poll-tax of $10 was ordered on' all persons liable to the draft. Application was made to the Legislature for an act authorizing the laying of a special tax, not exceeding $20,000, to assist in raising the quota of the township under the call of the Presi- dent for 300,000 men. Sept. 3, 1865, the committee authorized the assessors of the township to levy a tax for $30,000, to be applied to liquidate the debt incurred for payment of soldiers. April 26, 1866, at a special meeting for the purpose of discussion and consideration on the subject of issu- ing township bonds, it was " Resolved to issue bonds for the purpose of reimbursing those persona who put volunteers or substitutes for drafted men into the army or navy of the United States, and who paid for the men so put in, or who paid $300 under the exemption act, such bonds to be placed in the hands of F. J. Frelinghuysen as trustee, to be held by him until final action be taken by the government a^ to reimbursing townships for moneys expended in the late war." The amount due was $19,374. A detailed list of the number of men sent out from the township and the amount paid each was sent to the comptroller of the State, a copy of which is here given : " SOMEBTILLE, Oct. 28, 1865. "To Capt. William M. Shipman: " Bear Sir, — The following statement of volunteers furnished under the last three calls of the general government by the township of Bridge- water, county of Somerset, and the amount paid to men under such calls, is respectfully submitted. This statement is made from such data as are in possession of the present committee. The call of August, 1863, for volunteers, of which a draft was made in May, 1864, Thirty-fifth New Jersey Volun- teers, 79 at 8300 each $23 700 Call of July, 1864, 76 at ^4.57 each 33,027.32 Call De.c. 19, 1864, to fill vacancies, 84 at ^698.15 each 68,645 Total $115,372.32"- BRIDGEWATER. 68» BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. THE DAVENPORT FAMILY. ' Perhaps there is no surer criterion of a people's progress in intelligence, wealth, and a refined civili- zation than the filial respect shown in commemora- tion of the virtues and deeds of their ancestors. To a greater or less degree has this heen a characteristic of all nations, and in proportion to their progress in arts, literature, and the science of government, and signal- izing each advancing epoch by monumental inscrip- tions to perpetuate their memory. This country, with its extent of fertile territory, matchless climate, and vast resources, has drawn hither a most enterprising, intelligent, and thrifty class of citizens from the older nations. This immigration has been continuous to the present time; but it has only been about halt a century that a true distinctive type of American character has been exhibited, and so recognized by the other nations of the earth. Hence it has now be6ome a right and duty one owes to himself, his ancestors, and descendant9,-in which justice, honor, property, and all he holds most sacred may be involved,-that at the earliest period he trace out the various links in the chain of his descent till he reaches the most remote point attain- able. It is supposable that in a work of this charac- ter some errors and abuses will appear through the mistaken attempt of some to attain prominence through exaggeration and fulsome praise of their progenitors. But such abuses are no argument against meritorious works of history and biography ; all such attempts will ultimately rebound upon their authors. The family name of Davenport is of local origin. " Davenport township" is situated in the county of Chester, England, the name being derived from the river Dave that flows through it. The manorial history of this township involves a subject of rare occurrence even in England : the descent of a family in one uninterrupted male line from William the Con- queror to the present day,— a period of eight hundred years,— possessing at this time the feudal powers and manorial estates with which the sovereign in- vested it, and preserving in its archives a series of original documents, the proofs of its ancient history and unbroken descent. In 1086 the illusive crest of the Davenports was conferred by the sovereign and borne upon the helmets of the sergeants, to the terror of banditti, which infested the district. The " Dav- enport coat-of-arms"- reckoned among the most an^ 690 SOMBESET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. cient in England — is a shield with sable, orosslefs, crest, a falcon's head couped at the neck, indicating " magisterial sergeantcy," the duty exacted being that of ridding the district of all robbers, highwaymen, and marauders, with summary powers over the lives of all such. There is now in possession of the family of Davies Davenport, late member of Parliament, a long roll, of very ancient date, containing numerous names of " master robbers" who were taken and be- headed. Branches of the family extend through most of the counties of England and other parts of the world, yet the same coat-of-arms appertains to them all, and with singular accuracy the name in all instances is spelled the same. There has been almost perpetually a repre- sentation in Parliament, sent there from the numerous branches of the family in the realm. Through marriage connections they have at times been brought in close relationship with the ruling powers and the Crown. Edward Hyde, Lord High Chancellor, married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Davenport, ancestor of Mary, wife of James II., and the mother of Mary, the consort of William of Orange, who together occupied the British throne, and also of Queen Anne, successive sovereigns of the kingdom. The family have been frequently represented in the peerage, etc., and constantly in the Church. But no boastfiil claims are presented for aristocratic dis- tinction : the family seeks no higher ambition than of belonging to the advanced order of the great mid- dle class, — ^that of merchants, artisans, and scholars, — loyal to the ruling powers, yet ever advocates and de- fenders of the cause of human rights. It may be worthy of remark here that the Daven- port Pottery- Works of Staffordshire, with branch warerooms in London, Manchester, and Liverpool (in connection with the Wedgewoods, with whom there have existed for a long period close marriage relations), are the largest manufacturers of Queens- ware, China, and faience-ware in the world ; and this position the house has maintained for more than a century. The firm of Davenport Bros, are, and have been for a third of a century, agents for the sale of their goods in New York. The first of the name that came to this country was the Rev. John Davenport, the distinguished Pilgrim minister of that celebrated band of Christian heroes who landed in New England in 1637, comprising such names as Eaton, Hopkins, Beecher, Atwater, Lord Leigh, Cheever, Pierpont, the Edwards, etc., to whom may be well and truthfully accorded the fame of being the fathers of the American Commonwealth. This eminent divine. Rev. John Davenport, was born in Warwickshire, England, in 1597, of wealthy parentage; graduated at Oxford; soon after became minister of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, London. His profound learning, eloquence, fervent piety, and bold, fearless advocacy of Puritanical doctrines, then becoming prevalent, aroused the anger of Laud, Arch- bishop of London; persecutions followed. Daven- port, with many of his congregation and other ad- herents, iied to Holland ; were met with open arms by others of like faith in that asylum of religious liberty. After a brief stay, permission being granted, they returned to England, when, after collecting their scattered band and holding fi-equent conferences, they resolved to emigrate to America. They accordingly chartered a vessel, taking all their earthly eifects aboard, set sail in the spring of 1637, and arrived at Boston after a three-months' passage. These immi- grants being highly connected in the mother-country, of much learning and considerable wealth, strong in- ducements were offered to persuade them to settle within the confines of the Plymouth colony. After a full discussion it was decreed best, for various reasons, to establish a distinct colony. Accordingly, after a brief period of inspecting the country, they selected a spot, which met the approval of all, in Connecticut, on Long Island Sound, and located the town of New Haven. The records, and all writers on that period, accord Mr. Davenport the honor of leadership in de- veloping and establishing, through organic law, those great principles of civil and religious freedom which have rendered that colony so illustrious. He urged the necessity and duty of universal education, and framed the outline principles of what has since been known as the common-school system, now become national since the triumphant suppression of the slaveholders' rebellion. In 1654, assisted by his friend and parishioner Governor Eaton and others, he embodied in written form the plan, which was substantially adopted, establishing Yale College; also contributed and collected funds in its aid. For thirty years, with zeal and energy, he labored and ministered in that parish, when, in 1668, being seventy years of age, he received and accepted a call (against the universal regret of his people) to the First Church of Boston, then the largest in the colonies. He labored here for three years with full acceptance, when he was suddenly stricken down with apoplexy, in his seventy-third year. His tomb can now be seen in Kings Chapel, Boston. His death was universally deplored. Writers on that period agree that the man above all others who has stamped the impress of his genius most indelibly upon the institutions of New England is the hero of this sketch. The descendants of the family, with others who soon after came from the parent-branch in England, became numerous and scattered through most of the States, and have maintained the reputation of the Pilgrim ancestor. A continuous line of ministers have succeeded, numbers in colleges, institutions of learning, the army, navy, at the bar, and as legislators in State and national government. They heartily sustained the colonial cause in the Revolution by pen and sword ; were in the army as officers and privates. Two of the name were in Congress in each of the administrations of Washington, Adams, and Jefierson. BEIDCJEWATER. 691 A grandson of the Puritan, the Eev. James Daven- port, stationed at Southhold, L. I., was a preacher of singular eloquence and power. His renown attracted hither the celebrated Whitefield in 1740, then just ar- rived- from England, who wrote home, " I am com- forted by meeting my dear Brother Davenport, by whose hands the Lord has done such great things." They matured and organized a missionary tour ; to- gether they held meetings in the leading towns of New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, etc. At Princeton they met the Tennents, who trav- eled with them. Sometimes they would journey sep- arately, then meet on great occasions. " During this time Davenport was preaching to a congregation of three thousand in Mr. Cross' church in Basking Ridge, this county. Whitefield met him there and aided in the work with great success." After this tour closed Davenport preached in Connecticut, and finally was stationed in Hopewell, on the border of Somerset County, where he died in 1753. Another of the family, Eev. John Davenport, was born in Free- hold; graduated in Princeton; stationed at the former place, and at Deerfield, N. J. The celebrated John I. Davenport, chief supervisor of elections, now of New York, by his fearless fidelity to prevent fraud upon an honest and free ballot, causing enemies and committees of Congress to own him right in law, justice, and honesty, most fully exemplified the spirit of the great Puritan, of whom he is a direct lineal descendant. The progenitor of the family in Somerset County was John Davenport, of the same lineal ancestry as that of the New England Puritan, but arrived at a later date. He was born in Bury, near Manchester, England, in 1777; emigrated to this country near the close of the last century. Landing in Connecticut, the home of so many of the name, he first settled in Danbury. After a brief period he aspired to seek a more favorable business locality. Being quite young, ambitious, and energetic, he quickly perceived the superior advantages that New Jersey presented in her milder climate and prolific soil, and more especially by her geographical position between the two great cities of New York and Philadelphia. He concluded to visit there, and, pushing for the centre of the State, heard of Pluckamin, then a thriving village, giving promise of being the most important manufacturing town in the county. After a visit of inspection he determined to locate there. Accordingly, he settled in Pluckamin in 1800 and engaged in general mer- chandising. After three years, observing Somerville showing signs of more rapid growth {the county-seat having recently been transferred there from Mill- stone), he concluded to invest there, with a view of permanent removal. He purchased a farm facing on the Main Street, running north a mile, including within it what has since been known as the " Lottery Field" (an account of which appears in another part of this work). The next year he built and occupied the house now the residence of Messrs. John and James Bergen. While still continuing his business in Pluckamin, he formed a partnership branch of hatting in Somerville with Mr. George Vannest. After a few years' experience he found difficulties in managing two enterprises thus separated: hence he closed up with Mr. Vannest, negotiated for the sale of his Somerville farm, moved back to Pluckamin, and permanently concentered his entire business there. Then, being in prime, vigorous manhood, with a singular wealth of resources, he harnessed all these energies to untiring service in his various un- dertakings. He purchased a fine farm adjoining the village, improved and cultivated it. The tannery- and cur- rying-works on the place he repaired and enlarged. Built a flouring- and grist-mill ; also a distillery and cider-mill. Erected the most extensive hatting-works that have ever been in the county, with improved machinery and buildings adjusted to each depart- ment. In addition, he embarked in a new and sepa- rate trade, — that of" manufacturing sumac for the morocco-factories of Philadelphia, — which grew into large proportions, proving very profitable. All these various branches of business were in full operation at the same time, in which large numbers of hands were constantly employed. The prosecu- tion of these numerous enterprises made Pluckamin a place of considerable importance at that day. Mr. Davenport's intense, untiring application to these various business projects, with the physical labor and anxious solicitude, caused a too heavy strain for his naturally strong constitution to longer endure, and, while apparently in the fiill vigor of life, he was suddenly stricken down with apoplexy. He died at Pluckamin, Sept. 18, 1830, in his fifty-second year. In person Mr. Davenport was of average statue, portly, of handsome presence, possessing a well-developed and evenly-balanced intellect, the reasoning, perceptive, and moral faculties predominating, a rare tempera- ment of vital energy, that could rouse every faculty to duty with obedience to his control. It was this trait that equipped him with that executive power for which he was so distinguished. With a cheerful, magnetic disposition, he took the greatest pleasure in making others happy ; was generous and hospitable, but intolerant to the idle and vicious. In his inter- course was free, direct, and outspoken, but proud- spirited, and the very soul of truth and honor. He utterly loathed all sycophants and hypocrites. He was strictly moral, and religious without pharisaism, and temperate almost to abstemiousness, which for those days of general inebriation was remarkable. He supported Adams for the Presidency, though not an active politician, but despised the acts of dem- agogues. In the words of a leading citizen, uttered many years since, in speaking of Mr. Davenport, whom he had long known, " He was beloved and held in the highest esteem by those of the intelli- 692 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. gent, moral, and honorable of our citizens, who knew him the most intimately." MEMOEIA IN iETEENA. The likeness of James S. Davenport, at the head of this sketch, has been selected by the family, as in features and general physical appearance he more closely resembles the father. Below we give the descendants of John Davenport. As they are nearly all living and mostly reside in or not far removed from Somerset County, we deem it most appropriate to do but little more than give their names and connections. John Davenport was married twice, — first to Mar- garet Traphagen, ia 1804 ; she died 1811, leaving two children, Ralph and Sarah Ann, the latter died in 1829, no descendants living. Ralph, born 1805, mar- ried Phoebe A. Voorhies, 1827 ; she died soon after, leaving no children. He was married again in 1838 to Sarah Drake, by whom he had two children, Ralph and Mary. The former married Ellen Vannest, the latter William Jeroloman, all living and have children. Ralph, the father, for about twenty years resided in New York ; the balance of his life has been spent in Pluckamin, where he still resides ; is hale and hearty in his seventy-sixth year ; is a farmer. John Davenport was married again in 1813 to Mary Boylan, daughter of John Boylan, of Pluckamin, a most estimable woman, who died in 1848, leaving six children ; all but one are now living, as follows, the names given in order of birth, beginning with the eldest : Margaret, born 1814; married Geo. Vannest, 1839; he died 1864, leaving seven children, all living and residing in Somerset County. The widow is still liv- ing on the homestead, two miles southwest of Pluck- amin. John married Hester Voorhies, 1838 ; he died 1848, leaving five children, all living but one, James, a brave and noble youth. He enlisted when scarcely eighteen years of age, served his country with heroic bravery, was captured while fighting for his country, after nearly all his company had fallen, was incarcer- ated in Andersonville prison, and died in delirium through barbarous treatment while a prisoner. Thomas married Frances Smith, 1851 ; had six children, all living but one, Margaret, an estimable young lady, who died 1880. Reside in Jersey City, but usually spend their summers in Somerville. Eleanor married Wm. L. Jones, 1836 ; resides in Plainfield; had two children, one died in infancy, the other, Eliza, married Lieut.-Col. Janeway, of the First New Jersey Cavalry, who bravely fell leading the charge in the battle of Jettersville, Va., the last battle of the war of the Rebellion. The widow has since married Horace Bannard. James S. married Maria Remsen, 1845 ; resides at Raritan ; have three children, one son and two daugh- ters, all married. Samuel W., horn 1822, married to Amelia Besteder, 1846 ; residence in Somerville, N. J. ; have seven children, three sons and four daughters. Of the names above, Thomas, James S., and Sam- uel W. compose the firm of Davenport Bros., -New -^ York, importers and dealers in china, Liverpool, and glassware. It was established in 1843, Samuel W. entering it ten years later. It is now in its thirty- seventh year. During that long period, in which such vast changes have occurred in the country and the world, — times of prosperity and of depression and disaster, — the firm, although experiencing seasons of trials and losses, has never been compelled to suc- cumb to the vicissitudes of business. They ever took a lively interest in domestic manu- factures, believing the time would soon arrive when we could produce as good ware as we were importing : the war hastened the event. A few years since they embarked in manufacturing at the City Pottery, Tren- ton; now the largest part of their goods are made there. The family lay no pretentious claim to position, titles, wealth, or honors : they simply claim the right of belonging to the great middle class; of high moral- ity, strict integrity, truthfulness, and honesty in the discharge of every just due or other obligation, sup- porters of the church and of right everywhere, in pro- portion to ability, ever observing to be just before being liberal. They own to a feeling of pride in one matter, — • viz., that of the almost universal fidelity and support rendered by those of the name to the nation in the hour of its direst struggle with treason and rebellion for its right to live. JOHN E. EMERY. John R. Emery, youngest child of Peter R. and Anna (Rockafellow) Emery, was born at Dreahook, Hunterdon Co., N. J., where the family resided, July 22, 1827, and died at Bloomington, N. J., June 17, 1880. His early life was spent on the farm, where he be- came inured to labor and learned that economy and industry are necessary elements of success. Upon reaching manhood he went into mercantile business at White House, subsequently removed to Somerville, and was employed on the Central Railroad. Here he was given charge of a wood-train, and finally be- came the financial agent of the company, collecting rents, buying and selling real estate, etc. This posi- tion he filled with such honor to himself and credit to the company as to obtain their fiill confidence in his financial and business ability. In 1867 he became the partner of D. K. Craig in the coal and lumber business, the firm being D. K. Craig & Co. This firm continued a successful business until 1872, when the partnership was dissolved. Mr. Emery remained in the railroad company's employ until the formation of the Lehigh and Wilkesbarre Coal Company, when he JI®MSf MoISMIEIRir, BRIDGEWATER. 693 became its line agent, and subsequently opened an office opposite the depot in Somerville, which, busi- ness he continued until his death. By his sterling integrity as a business man he rose gradually to a position of honor and profit, — first in the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and then in the Lehigh and Wilksharre Coal Company. The ex- cellency of his character, however, centred in his religious principles, which were fixed and controlling. In his whole deportment he moved in consistency with his profession. He united with the Second Reformed Church of Somerville at the September communion in 1864, and, as a proof of his zeal and de- cision in religion, he led in prayer at the next devo- tional meeting, and conducted the services at the suc- ceeding assemblage of the brethren, — services which he preserved while he retained his connection with the congregation. Such was the confidence reposed in him by the Consistory that he was elected deacon in 1866 and elder in 1869, — stations which he filled with executive ability. In 1870 he removed to Leba- non, where he connected himself with the Reformed Church, and was leader in liberality and exertion to repair the house of worship and erect a new parson- age. He will be remembered for his integrity and uprightness as a citizen, for his domestic virtues as a father and husband, and for his eminent usefulness as a church-member. Mr. Emery was among the foremost in purchasing, laying out, and beautifying the new cemetery grounds in Somerville, and, unassisted, relieved the property from a heavy debt resting upon it, thereby placing the cemetery association in a position to own the property unencumbered. Upon his death the following resolutions were passed by the Board of Directors of the First National Bank of Somerville : "FiEST National Bank, " SOMERVILIE, N. J., June 22, 1880. " Whfreas, In the Providence of Giod our late associate in the Board of Directors of the Tirst National Bank, John K. Emery, has been remoTed by death, therefore, " Beeolved, That we remember with great satisfaction his prompt and energetic business talent, his sterling integrity, his genial disposition, and his general kindness of heart and manner towards all with whom he was associated.*' For his first wife he married Ann W. Swackhamef, of Readington, who died the age of twenty-eight in 1856, leaving one daughter living,— Anna M.,— who is the wife of Mr. C. Stewart Hoffinan, of Somerville. His second wife was Matilda Porter, who died leaving two sons,— William H., a telegraph-operator, and Benjamin S., in business at "White Haven. His third wife was Anna Gilbaugh, who died leaving four chil- dren,— John C, Jennie B., Lizzie B., and Albert L. Mr. Emery married for his fourth wife, in February, 1878, Mrs. Mary Louisa Cooper, of Newark, N. J., ■who survives him. AARON V. GARUETSON. Aaron V. Garretson was a grandson of Garret R. Garretson, a major in the Revolutionary war. Maj. Garretson's place of residence was about two miles east of Millstone, N. J., where he engaged in agri- cultural pursuits. He was commonly called " Major ;" was a gentleman of the olden time, taking no active part in political affairs. He was no less prominently identified with all movements tending to develop the resources of his native county, and to encourage its material prosperity. He was a .man of sound judg- ment, of strict integrity, and was one whose counsel and assistance were sought by all classes of people. He was frequently selected as executor and adminis- trator in the settlement of estates, and one in whom the people had confidence. He was a member of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Millstone, and for thirty years was precentor of that body. He was also ofBlcially connected with the church as deacon and elder. Maj. Garretson was three times married. His first wife was the "Widow Terhune, who bore him one son and two daughters,— viz., Court, Ann, and Catharine. Ann married, for her first husband, Abraham Voor- hees and for her second husband John Montfort. Catharine became the wife of Garret Schenck, of Six- Mile Run. Ma,]. Garretson's second wife was the "Widow Hageman, by whom he had Garret, Richard, and John Garretson, the latter becoming a minister. His third wife was the widow (Mary Perrine) of Judge Hardenburgh, at one time sheriff of Somerset 694 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. County. Of this union was born Daniel Perrine Garretson. Court Garretson, father of our subject, was born near Millstone on Oct. 19, 1781. He was a shoemaker by trade, although he followed the occu- pation of a farmer for the greater portion of his life. He occupied various farms in the county, but finally purchased one of sixty acres where Aaron C. Martin now resides, near Somerville. He was in no respect a public man, although an earnest supporter of the old Whig party. He was a member of the Second Reformed Church of Somerville, with which he was officially connected as deacon. His wife was Mar- garet Cowenhoven, of Long Island, who was born May 24, 1784. The children of this marriage were John C, Garret E., Aaron Van Pelt, Eichard, and Nicholas Cowenhoven Garretson, all of whom are living save Aaron Van Pelt, who died Dec. 9, 1880, aged sixty-nine years. John C. is a prominent citi- zen of Somerset County, and resides in Somerville. Garret E. resides in Flushing, L. I., Eichard in Arkansas, and Nicholas in New York City. Court Garretson died Jan. 18, 1858, and his wife Aug. 1, 1867. Aaron V. Garretson was born near Mill- stone, N. J., Sept. 18, 1811. During his minority he remained on the home farm, and received the educa- tional opportunities afforded by the common schools of his day. For several years after reaching his majority he was engaged in carrying on his father's farm. In 1836 he married Catharine M., daughter of Rynier and Anna (Brokaw) Van Nest. She was born May 24, 1817. In 1844 he purchased, for the sum of three thousand three hundred dollars, a farm in the town- ship of Bridgewater, comprising at that time one hundred acres, to which he afterwards added twenty acres. The dwelling-house occupied by Mr. Garret- son is still standing, and is one of the old landmarks of the vicinity, and was built eighty years ago by Thomas Cooper. Mr. Garretson's life was devoted wholly to agricul- tural pursuits, and while an adherent of the Demo- cratic party, he was no seeker after place, although he has held minor offices. His first vote was cast for his personal friend. Governor Vroom. He was a member of the Second Eeformed Church of Somer- ville, where he has filled the office of deacon. Mr. Garretson was known in the community as a man of strong mind, self-reliant, and possessed of sterling principles. His children have been Rynier Van Nest (who resides in Bridgewater township). Garret (died in infancy), John C. (resides in Franklin township), Henry Van Nest (living at the old home- stead), William Van Nest 1st and William Van Nest 2d (both died in infancy in 1845), Margaret C, Abra- ham Van Nest, Anna Van Nest, and George, all of whom reside at home. SEYMOUR C. TROUTMAN, M.D. His father. Sir John J. Troutman, was born on Staten Island in 1766. For many years prior to reaching his majority he was midshipman in the English navy, and was under Admiral Rodney in a number of engagements with the French and Spanish fleets. About the year 1788 he engaged in trade be- tween New York and Jamaica, having in charge several vessels, which he carried on for many years profitably. In 1801 he quit trade, married Miss Susannah, daughter of Jacob Schnell, of Brooklyn, N. Y., purchased a countiy-seat on Long Island, where the Eighteenth Ward of the city of Brooklyn now is. Here he became quite an extensive agriculturist, and owned slaves who worked his farm. The remainder of his life was spent on this spot, where he died in 1824. Sir John J. Troutman was a man high in rank in the order of Knights Templar, and is said to have spent thirty thousand dollars in support of that and similar organizations. He became a member in 1798, and was subsequently Past Master of the Royal Lodge of Knights Templar, No. 283, A. Y. M., of Kingston, Jamaica. He received the order of the Red Cross and of the Holy Royal order, .and was solemnly initiated by the Kingston Lodge into the sublime mysteries of the invincible and magnanimous orders of Knights of Rhodes and Malta. Dr. Troutman was born in Brooklyn, L. I., Feb. 3, 1823. At the age of eleven he was sent to Quaker Hill, where he became a pupil under Cyrenus Jones, a teacher of note. There he remained for two years, and was then sent to New Canaan, Conn., where he completed his mathematical studies, having in the mean time given considerable attention to the study of the classics. In 1838 he engaged in a wholesale and retail drug-house in New York as clerk, where he became fully schooled in the various kinds of medicine and drugs, and where he first conceived the idea of the study of medicine. In 1843, Dr. Trout- man married Ann F., a daughter of Eichard and Jane (Todd) Ten Eyck, of Millstone, N. J., and a. granddaughter of Frederick and Anna (Field) Ten Eyck, who were among the first settlers of that place. Mrs. Troutman is a descendant from the old Dutch stock, first settlers of New York, and a lady of refine- ment and high moral and Christian worth. Their only child is Sarah Jane, wife of Louis Kaczorowski, a resident of Somerville. In 1845, Dr. Troutman established the drug busi- ness for himself in Brooklyn, N. Y., which he carried on until 1851, when he began the study of medicine and surgery with Dr. John A. Lidell, assistant sur- geon in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and was graduated at that institution in 1854, having, during his time as a student, practiced medicine and surgery in the college for some two years. The same year of his graduation he estab- lished himself in practice in New York City, where. (27^-^f^<^'7'^i^^^'i-^^2yi /c BRIDGEWATER. 695 his ability and skill in the profession were soon recognized, and gave him a place among leading physicians. After a continuous yet profitable prac- tice for three years, he removed from the city, pur- chased real estate, and settled in Somerville, N. J,, where he has since resided, giving little attention to the practice of medicine. Dr. Troutman's naturally sociable and genial dis- position causes him to enjoy life, and among his most pleasant recreations is that of yachting, in which he spends some time during the hot summer months. Since he became a resident of Somerville he has been interested in its prosperity, and a contributor to its various local enterprises, to church interests, and other worthy objects. He has not been a seeker after political preferment, although ahvays interested and well read in questions in any way affecting local and national legislation. JOHN T. VAN DERVEER. His grandfather was John Van Derveer, who was born on Oct. 3, 1752. In the year 1800 he purchased a tract of land comprising five or six hundred acres on the North Branch of the Raritan River, and on it passed his life as a farmer. About the time men- tioned he built a dwelling-house where Mrs. John T. Van Derveer now resides, which was succeeded a score of years ago by the present residence, built by his son, John T. Mr. Van Derveer was among those old substantial citizens who contributed so much to the settlement and development of the country, and he passed a quiet, industrious, and honorable life. He was a member of the Reformed Prot- estant Dutch Church of North Branch. His wife was Jane Van Pelt, who was born on April 13, 1754. The children of the marriage were John, Peter, Tunis, and Mary, who became the wife of Abraham Quick. Mr. Van Derveer died about 1840, aged eighty-nine years. Tunis, the son of John Van Derveer, was born on the old Van Derveer farm, and upon attaining man- hood married Sarah Van Arsdale. His children were John T., Philip, James, and Jane, who became the wife of Samuel Gaston. James was a popular physician for many years at North Branch. Tunis Van Derveer was cut down early in years, and in the midst of his usefulness, passing away about 1822. The subject of this memoir, John T., son of Tunis Van Derveer, was born on Dec. 1, 1806, on the pa- ternal farm. His earlier years were passed at work upon the farm, and in attendance upon the district schools of his day. On Nov. 1, 1833, he married Margaret C, daughter of Richard Field. She was born Feb. 8, 1815. The life of Mr. Van Derveer was passed as a farmer, and though a member of the Republican party, and while he took great interest in public afiairs, he confined himself strictly to his bucolic pursuits. He was actively identified with the Reformed Church of North Branch, and was officially connected with that body both as deacon and elder, filling the latter office at the time of his demise, in 1867. He was a man of strict integrity, pure morality. and bore with him to the grave the reputation of an upright and honorable citizen. His children were Tunis, who resides at North Branch ; Richard H., who is working the home farm ; James D^, a successful physician at Liberty Corner ; Samuel G., William F., and John Q., all deceased ; Sarah E., and Mary J., wife of William J. Voorhees. Rev. John Q., son of John T. Van Derveer, was born March 13, 1854, and was raised on his father's farm. He was graduated at Rutgers College, N. J., in the class of 1877, and soon after entered upon theological studies in the seminary at New Brunswick. Owing to failing health, he was compelled to break away irom his work at that institution and to go South residing in Texas for nearly three years. During this period he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Austin, and filled the pulpit of various churches on different occasions. But his usefulness was soon to be terminated, and he called up higher. On June 24, 1880, while returning North with his family, he died of pulmonary disease, and was buried at sea with appropriate services. He left a wife, n4e Miss Julia Robinson, of Corning, N. Y., and a little daughter, Ada L. Thus early was cut off a young and promising life, and the hearts of friends were made desolate forever. 696 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. DAVID DUNN. David Dunn was born at New Market, N. J., in 1797, and married Prudence Runyon, of that place. About the year 1845 he settled in Somerset County, residing first at Millington. He then spent some DAVID DUNN. time in New York City, and in October, 1856, located on the farm now occupied by the widow of his only son, John R. Dunn. He purchased this property of Lewis Anderson, and it was originally included in a tract of land comprising sixteen hundred and fifty acres belongisig to Daniel D. Dunster, and which was conveyed in 1730 to Gisbert Lane, who erected the present Dunn residence in 1737. In 1765, Mr. Lane left it, by will, to his two sons, Aric and William, be- tween whom it was equally divided. ' He was inter- ested in all worthy local enterprises, and sought to promote church and kindred interests. He was a prominent member of the First Baptist Church of Somerville, and deacon of the church at the time of his death, July 28, 1876, aged seventy-nine years and five months. His life was largely spent as a farmer, although he was in trade for some time at New Brunswick and Brooklyn, and ran the mill at Mill- ington. In politics he was a Whig, and upon the organization of the Republican party became a sup- porter of its principles. John R. Dunn, only child of David Dunn who reached manhood, was born at New Market, N. J., Sept. 3, 1828. He married, January, 1850, Jane T., daughter of Cornelius M. and Catharine (Deats) Wil- liamson, and soon after that event took up his residence on the old Williamson farm, below Somerville. Here he lived for five years, and then located with his father on the Dunn farm, where he continued to reside until his decease, May 3, 1878. He was a member of the First Baptist Church of Somerville, and a man of cor- rect habits and strict integrity in all the relations of life. He was a Republican in politics, but never sought political preferment. The children are Al- bert; Emma R., wife of Charles C. Reimer, of Mill- town ; Cornelia W., wife of William T. H. Vosseller, of Somerville ; Mathew H., who lives in Pennsylvania ; Walter and David, Jr., at home ; Ellen Frances and Jennie S., deceased. ABEAM J. POWELSON. The Powelson family came very early to this coun- try. Capt. Jacob Powelson is recorded as having arrived from Holland in the ship "Fredenberg" on Jan. 24, 1640. Nicholas Powelson came from Dit- marsen in the ship "Gilded Otter" in 1657, and Gom- men Paulison from Antwerp in the ship " St. John the Baptist" in 1661. From these the family in America are supposed to have descended. Johannes Powelson, born April, 1719, the great- grandfather of the subject of this sketch, purchased a large tract of land in Bedminster township, Somer- set Co., on May 1, 1767, and about that time he took up his residence in that section. A portion of the house which he erected in 1768 is still standing, and, with an addition built in 1786, constitutes the resi- dence of his great-grandson J. V. D. Powelson. The children of Johannes Powelson were John, born Oct. 24, 1746 ; Cornelius, born May 29, 1748 ;' Jeane, born Jan. 17, 1750 ; Catharine, wife of Peter Doughty, born Sept. 11, 1751 ; Anne, wife of William Chevris, born May 3, 1753;. Abraham, born Feb. 9, 1755; Paul, born Dec. 5, 1756; Hendrick, born Oct. 7, 1758; Sarah, wife of Christopher Frazer, born Aug. 7, 1760 ; and Manah, born June 29, 1762. Johannes Powelson died in July, 1788. Abraham Powelson was born on the date mentioned above, and came to Bedminster township at the age of twelve. He married Lamatjee Messier and had eleven children (including two pair of twins), most of whom lived and died in Bedminster township. Some of these children were John A., Abraham, Cornelius, Peter, Maria, who married Martin Beek- man ; Sarah, wife of Philip Clarkson ; Lanah, wife of Jacob Van Dorn; and Arian, who married Francis Hastings. Abraham Powelson died in 1807, and his wife in 1836. John A. Powelson was born July 27, 1780. He married Aletta, daughter of William Van Dorn, of Millstone, on April 27, 1815, and had children, — Abram J. and J. V. D. Powelson, and Catharine M., who married Jerome Van Nest. He passed his life as a farmer on the old homestead in Bedminster, and died in 1854, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. Abram J. Powelson, the subject of this sketch, was born on the old Powelson place in Bedminster town- BRIDGEWATER. 697 ship on May 23, 1816, where he passed the early years of his life, enjoying a common-school education. On Nov. 5, 1840, he was united in marriage to Sarah Ann, daughter of John A. Van Nest (she was born April 14, 1813), and on December 15th of the same ''T^^-T-^ , ^, /^Ct^£Z^ir7T_^ year he removed to the farm which he now owns and occupies in Bridgewater township, which he pur- chased in 1854. Here he has since resided engaged in agricultural pursuits. He is a Eepublican in pol- itics, though no seeker after office. He was formerly a member of the Reformed Church of Bedminster, but upon the organization of the Presbyterian Church of Pluckamin he became identified with that body, and has been an elder of the church for over twenty years. He is known as a man of strict integrity, con- scientious and devoted to principle, and a representa- tive agriculturist. His children are Abraham V. N., a lawyer at Middletown, N. Y. ; Catharine Adeline, wife of John L. Hageman, of South Branch ; and John A., living at home. GEORGE McBRIDE. The McBride family is of Scotch origin, though the branch of it to which the subject of this memoir belonged settled at an early period in Ireland: His paternal grandfather was George McBride, whose place of residence was near the city of Armagh, Ire- land. There he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and in the manufacture of linen. His wife was Elizabeth 45 Waugh, and the children were Adam, Robert, James, George, and Martha. He died in 1798 in Killylin, Ireland, aged about sixty years. His wife died ten years later. His son James emigrated to America near the close of the last century and located in New '-^^^.^r^^-^ ^^A^^Pz^>9c^iy^.^^y f^'^- m ^z^^ phin, Eobert E. Nevius. ASSESSOES. 1846, Ealph Davenport ; 1846-47, David Dunham ; 1848-49, Samuel Sloan ; 1860, John Van Derveer; 1851-52, David W. Dellicker; 1853-54, Peter Kline ; 1855-61, Ealph Davenport ; 1862-63, W. P. Sutphin ; 1864-66, Ealph Davenport ; 1867-68, John G. Schomp ; 1869-72, Jacob Kline; 1873-75, Horace A. Vanderbeok ; 1876-78, John G. Schomp; 1879-80, William P. Sutijhin. C0LLECT0E3. 1845, Morris P. Crater; 1846, Cornelius W. Schomp; 1847-48, Moses Craig; 1849-50, David W. Dellicker; 1861-52, John G. Schomp; 1863, Elias D. Lawrence ; 1854, Peter Honeyman ; 1855-56, Samuel Potter; 1857-58, John G. Schomp; 1859-60, Theodore Allen; 1861- 62, Amos T. Foster; 1883, Nicholas P. Todd; 1864-65, Theodore Allen; 1806-79, Amos T. Foster; 1880, Theodore Allen. A list of the votes taken Oct. 10 and 11, 1797, at the house of John Finley, innkeeper, at the Cross-Roads in Bedminster, for council, assembly, sheriff, and coro- ners: John Mehelm, Abraham Metaney, Giddean Lyon, Jesse Skillinger, Mat- thias Lane, Daniel Avan, Aaron Melick, Garret Voorhees, William McEwen, Esq., John Wortman, Eobert Chapman, John Logan, John Demund, Eobert Henry, Guisbert Sutphin, Thomas Stout, Esq., John Whelch, David Dunam, Hugh Gaston, Hugh Barkley, William Van Dorn, Matthias Lane, Sr., John Henry, Peter Lane, Samuel Dunam, Daniel Grandin, Esq., Henry Stone, Alfred Hared, Morris Lane, Cor- nelius Van Nest, William Perrine, Aaron Van Dorn, Martin Hines, Capt. Samuel Potter, William McDonald, Jr., Job Lane, William Wolf, Philip Van Arsdale, James Wolf, Col. William Todd, Thomas King, Matthew Lane, Gilbert Lane, Hugh Maclure, Thomaa Whalen, Matthew McDowell, John McWilms, Cornelius Sidam, Maj. J, Henry, John Van Voorhees, Meahan Powelson, John King, Andrew Vosselar, John McBride, Capt. John Todd, Isaac Van Dorn, Matthew Lane, Jr., Simon Hagaman, Abraham Brown, James Van Derveer, David Cochran, Henry Stevens, William Dowe, Thomas Willett, John Berry, Albert Johnston, Sylvenus Young, John Sidam, James Kelly, Eichard McDonald, Abraham Scank, John Honeman, Jr., William Smith, Abraham I. Voorhees, John Steal, James Van Dyke, William Willett, Eobert Eobertson, William Aiken, Marten Bunn, John A. Hagaman, Enoch Hunt, John Barkley, Jacob Van Nostrant, Christ- ian Eoff, Nicholas Arrowsmith, Esq., Benjamin Babcock, JohnTeeple, Jonathan Sutfin, Morris Bird, Cornelius Powelson, Eev. William Boyd, William Henry, Daniel Henry, John Vleet, John Arvin, Gerome Van Nest, John Teeple, Sr., Eichard Boman, John Hagamam, Isaiah Sharp, David Bird, Hendrick Field, Johannes Voorhees, Eobert Aaron, John Miseenor, William Arvin, Cristofer Misner, Dr. William McKissac, George Todd, Samuel Perry, John Barkley, Jacob Vande- venter, John Bird, Guisbert Van Dorn, Edde Demund, Mical Auble, Joseph Annin, Esq., Robert Blair, Esq., Samuel Boylan, Albert Nevius, Peter Sutfln, John Finley, John Todd, William McClure, Levi Sutton, David Misner, John Bryan, Esq. The vote cast in the township at the above election was 152; in 1800, 192; 1809, 154. The following is taken frona the assessment-roll of 1787, and gives the names of persons living in the township, the number of acres owned by each, and the amount of tax paid, in pounds, shillings, and pence : £ t. d. Eobert Allen, 212 acres 3 11 8 John Allen, 50 acres 8 7 Eobert Allen, Jr., 107 acres 16 4 Nicholas Arrowsmith, 76 acres 2 3 1 William Auble, 80 acres 1 15 xi Eobert Barclay, 200 acres 5 3 10 Hugh Barclay, 252 acres 7 13 John Barclay, 110 acres 2 17 6 Eobert Blair, 202 acres 4 12 Thomas Barry, Esq., 215 acres 5 16 Eev. William Boyd, 103 acres 4 2 Morris Bird, 60 acres 1 10 2 John Bryan, "221 acres -, .',.." 10 6 10 Philip Bright, 140 acres 2 15 7 Hugh Bailey. 90 acres 1 10 6 Abraham Brown, 10 acres 14 4 Luke Bellows, 30 acres 13 IV Martin Bunn, 206 acres 4 9 1 Eobert Cliapman, 160 acres 2 13 2 John Chapman, 50 acres 12 6 Peter Colshe, 142 acres 5 4 5 John Coats, 32 acres 10 1 William Coats, 33 acres ".'.'..", 1 Q 1 Henry Cnes, 103 acres 2 6 6 John Cline, 200 acres 4 19 8 Joseph Doren, 200 acres '.*.."..'.'.! 2 9 4 Peter Dicker, 58 acres 1 5 10 John Demout, 286 acres ',.'."'... 6 8 5 John Dikins (Dnyckinck), 200 acres 3 7 1 Christian Eoff, 190 acres 6 7 Thomas Elston, 12i acres 3 10 Abraham Emmons, 200 acres 4 15 10 Christian Filomely, 100 acres 2 13 S BEDMINSTER. 711 Jacob Filomely, 96 acres 1 Hugh Gaston, 300 acres 7 Robei-t Gaston, Esq., 20 acres 3 Baniel Henry, 213 acres 5 James Henry, 440 acres 12 Robert Henry, 200 acres 5 Alford Heriot, 132 acres 3 Simon Hagaman, 200 acres 5 Adrian Hagaman, 200 acres 4 Widow Hunt, 82 acres 2 Stephen Hunt, 82 acres 1 James Heath, 277 acres 6 Thomas King, 243 acres 6 George King, 60 acres 1 Nathan King, 90 acres 7 Garret Lane, 197 acres 4 Cornelius Lane, 125 acres 4 Matthias Lane, Sr., 200 acres 5 Matthias Lane, Jr., 306 acres 8 Daniel Lawrence, 156 acres 3 John Linn, 150 acres 3 Joseph Linn, 150 acres 2 Matthias Lane, 120 acres 3 William Logan, 76 acres 2 Susannah Lake, 30 acres Peter Low, 282 acres 8 Mrs. Lafi'ert3% 174 acres 4 Matthew Lane, 100 acres 8 Kichard McDonald, 470 acres 13 William McEwen,136 acres 3 John McDowel, 120 acres 2 Matthew McDowel, 200 acres 6 William McDowel, 106 acres 7 Aaron Mealick, 200 acres 7 James M.unen,132 acres 4 John Mealick, 97 acres 3 William McKissick, 50 acres 2 Christian Nevius, 208 acres 3 Peter Nevius, 160 acres 3 Albert Nevius, 188 acres 4 John Powelson, 100 acres 3 CorneliuB Powelson, 210 acres 5 Mannah Powelson, 50 acres 1 Nathaniel Porter, 81 acres 3 Kalph Pbenix, 250 acres 6 Abraham Powelson, 235 acres 4 Henry Powelson, lu5 acres 2 Samuel Potter, 75 acres 1 Isaac Potter, 75 acres 1 Guisbert Sutfin, 338 acres 7 Guisbert Sutfin, Jr., 105 acres 2 John Sutfin, 80 acres 3 John Smily, 11 acres Henry Sloan, 370 acres 9 Martin Stine, 300 acres 6 Amos Sutfin, 150 acres 2 William Smith, 20 acres Jonathan Sutton, 150 acres 2 Samuel Todd, 100 acres 2 George Todd, 200 acres 4 William Todd, 170 acres 5 John Todd, 80 acres 2 John Teeple, 50 acres 2 Peter Teeple, 40 acres David Traphagen, 100 acres 2 John Taylor, 11 acres James Van Derveer, 665 acres 16 Jacob Van Doren, 240 acres 6 Aaron Tan Dorn, 121 acres ^ Christopher Van Deventer, 30 acres 2 John Voorhees, 156 acres 4= Hans Voorhees, 186 acres * Matthew Webb, 49 acres 1 Cornelius Van Nest, 149 acres 3 Philip Van Arsdalen, 64 acres 3 Henry Van Arsdalen, 20 acres Abraham V. Voorhees. 156 acres 3 William V. Kirk, 228 acres J William H. Van Arsdalen, 50 acres 1 James Van Dike, H5 acres 1 Abraham Van Nest, 127 acres 2 Jacob Wolf, 142 acres 3 William Wolf, 70 acres 1 John Wortman, 246 acres ° Peter Wortman, 260 acres ° John Whalon, 120 acres 2 Andrew Wortman, 52 acres j- William Willett, 10 acres William Willson, 119 acres 3 Joseph Golden, 80 aci'es } Peter Lane, 150 acres J Christian Misener, 170 acres 2 Ezekiel Sharp, 90 acres 2 Jacob Van Dorn, 80 acres 1 Guisbert Van Dorn, 75 acres 1 Abraham Tunison, 53 acres j- William Cheevers, 115 acres 2 Andre Bird, 25 acres The following are the names of persons who paid taxes on other than real estate, with amount of tax : 8. d. 16 5 19 1 2 4 7 3 B 4 9 5 16 8 14 6 4 4 4 3 in 2 T 10 8 9 8 9 5 8 2 2 11 12 6 4 3 9 » 6 7 11 10 5 15 7 11 6 2 4 15 8 R 7 16 8 18 9 18 11 ;! 7 15 1 12 1 4 11 4 11 8 1 14 9 9 n 1 11 10 7 10 14 12 11 13 2 6 9 19 5 12 1 IS 6 17 8 8 in 7 4 16 9 14 6 5 6 12 8 13 n 4 1 1 8 8 8 6 3 13 8 19 4 15 4 11 3 14 4 11 3 14 1 3 4 11 10 6 12 11 9 7 15 2 4 2 7 8 5 2 19 9 1 1 2 12 8 3 9 14 in 6 1 6 16 6 3 6 16 2 9 19 9 14 3 2 2 8 10 in 8 19 9 9 8 14 7 13 10 £ s. d. John Barclay 1 0.6 John Boylnii 4 4 Ebenezer Berry n 7 John Berry 10 n Benjamin Babcock 6 9 Jobes Oompton 6 18 11 MoBes Craig 7 4 Widow Castner 12 Benjamin Coronton 15 Jacob Eoff. 2 5 11 Cornelius Eoff. 17 7 Jacob Fulkerson IB Joseph Gaston 18 11 ■William Gaston 15 1 William Henry 10 John Perry 15 Daniel Semer 10 Levy Sutton 10 4 Samuel Taylor 16 John Todd 16 3 ■Widow Van Derveer 16 3 Court ■Voorhees 10 Ealph ■Van Houten 7 11 Peter Van Vleet 10 Botch Van Nest 10 George V. Voorhis 16 Peter Nevius, Jr 10 Joseph Hendrick 15 £ B. d. John Hagaman ID Aaron Huff 10 Adam Hair 15 Samuel Jonas 17 7 John Lane 10 6 Jacob Lawrence 10 Eobert Little 9 10 Abraham Lawrence 18 7 Elisha Lawrence 8 Gabriel Timbrook 15 Aaron Lane 15 Daniel Mealick 10 Joseph McMortry 10 John MoComes 9 10 Albert Johnson 10 8 Samuel Blair 10 Peter Bockover 12 4 Hugh Gaston 10 David Bird 10 Ebenezer Perry 7 11 John Doughty 14 7 Matthias Demnnt 12 8 Chris. Van Deventer 10 JohnDale.Jr 10 11 Benjamin Remer 6 Cornelius Doren 6 John McWilliams IB John Sanders 6 VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. PLUCKAMIN. The land upon which the village is located is with- in the territory described as being purchased of the proprietors of East New Jersey by Dr. Lewis John- ston and Mary Johnston (afterwards Mrs. James Alexander). Later, Jacob Eoff purchased a large tract embracing the present site, and east to the top of " Pigtown Mountain." In 1756 the stone church (St. Paul's Lutheran) was built, and the subscription-list contains the names of 151 persons who contributed, many of whom were from adjoining towns, notably Fisher, Van Norden, Anderson, and others from Bound Brook. Jacob Eoff donated the land, and headed the list with £20. A cluster of dwellings soon gathered and other in- terests sprang up. John Teeple opened a blacksmith- shop in what is now the upper part of the village. The Lafferty House was built the same year with the church. Col. William McDonald's mill, east from the bridge crossing Chambers' Brook, was erected before 1749. William McDaniels' mill was before 1744 on the spot now occupied by Kline's Mills. The name Pluckarain has been the subject of wide conjecture. Tradition points to a colony of French living here before the settlement of the Scotch or German, and giving the locality the name Plaque- mine, from plagueminier, meaning, in French, the " date-plum," or persimmon-tree, which latter trees grew here in abundance. This is without doubt the real origin of the name Pluckamin, though another story is related to the effect that the landlord of the place was in the habit of going up and down the street inviting the people to come into his house and partake of his liquor, and for so doing he was called Pluck-' em-in. The fame of the landlord and the tavern grew from his hospitality and good cheer, and the locality became known as Pluckamin. This last version was doubtless an after-thought,— an invention of some lounger who spent hours by the tavern-fire in incubating the pun on the original French name. 712 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. The first record extant of the name Pluckamin is in a road record, Aug. 19, 1755. The first store of which any knowledge is obtained was kept by John Boylan, in the house now occupied by his daughter, Mrs. Sarah Parker. He came to Pluckamin twenty years prior to the Revolution, and had stores at Veal- town, Liberty Corners, Pluckamin, and Van Derveer's mills. One of the day-books of the Van Derveer mill store is in possession of Samuel W. Davenport, of Somerville, and shows the line of purchase of the people of that time. Some of the prices are here given, the currency being in pounds, shillings, and pence. Rum was the staple in liquors, and sold for 5s. 6d. per gallon ; molasses, 2s. M. ; sugar, 8d. per lb. ; tea, 5s. ; coffee, Is. 9d. ; butter, Is. ; nails, lid. ; red broadcloth, £1 7s. per yard ; calico, 5s. 3d. ; corn, 4s. 6d. per bushel. In this day-book John Teeple is men- tioned as tapster ; John Van Horn, tailor. Mr. Boylan was an extensive manufacturer of potash, that being then an important article of commerce. He purchased 150 acres on the north side of the village, which is still known as the Boylan farm, and where he is said to have entertained Washington in some of his visits to Pluckamin. On the border of the woods, not far from his house, a level spot was cleared for dancing pur- poses and used by the artillery brigade while in quar- ters at this place. This land was sold previous to 1787, as Boylan's name appears in the assessment of that year as paying tax only on personal property. Mrs. Boylan lived to be ninety-five, having beeA a widow for fifty years. They are both buried in the cemetery at Basking Ridge. Squire William McEown was also a merchant in Pluckamin during the Revolution. He was a com- missary for the army, and purchased flour in Hun- terdon County of Col. John Mehelm, at the mills now known as Hall's Mills. The flour was loaded on a large wagon, and, drawn by four yoke of oxen, was conveyed to Pluckamin and Morristown. He married Jemima, daughter of Col. John Mehelm (who settled in Pluckamin after the war and lived there while surrogate of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, and died Oct. 6, 1809, aged seventy-six). Squire McEown's store was in the building now occu- pied by James Brown, Sr. He owned 186 acres of land adjoining in 1787. His only daughter married Squire Elias Brown ; James Mehelm Brown is a de- scendant. Squire McEown died March 10, 1817, in the house where he lived and kept store. He was aged sixty-one. The following in reference to this store is related by Dr. A. McDowell : " At one time the BritiBh cavalry, after a defeat of our army, made a raid upon the viUage, took posaession of the store, and carried away aU the boota, shoes, clothing, teas, etc. ... At that time several houses were plundered. Mrs. McEown took up her floor, concealed her feather-beds and other valuables under it, and replaced the carpet. Old Mr. EofTs fences and rails were burnt. Peter Lane's father was appointed to col- lect all the pewter plates and dishes, which were much in use in those days, and deposit them at certain recognized places, — viz., Pluckamin and Larger Cross-Koads. They were then melted into bullets to shoot the British. Lead was scarce, and these pewter bullets, run in common moulds, were the substitute." In 1787, Matthew Lane, of the Lane family, who settled east of Van Vleet's Mills about 1748 or 1749, was a merchant and postmaster at Pluckamin. The house in which he lived is still standing ; the store adjoined it. It is now occupied by Mrs. Sarah Har- mer. He continued in business till about 1800. In this old house, now owned by Mrs. Cornell, of Som- erville, several of the prisoners — probably the oflacers — were confined after the battle of Princeton, and the glass in the windows yet bears the initials cut by their diamond rings. "The interior of this house has re- mained unaltered since the Revolution ; the old- fashioned doors and cornice show the style of that day. The steps are remarkable for their easy ascent, and it is a popular tradition in the village that Gen. Washington rode up and down over them on horse- back ; indeed, there are marks on the boards which, it is asserted, are the prints of his horse's shoes."* The old church was also used for confining prisoners, as a hospital, and as a store-house for forage. Christian Eofi" kept the tavern on the spot where the present tavern stands. Among other jokes attrib- uted to him is one to the eflfect that he substituted stones for hams in the wheelbarrow of Edward Hill, which the latter wheeled up a steep mountain-road before discovering the trick. Dr. Scott, of New Brunswick, a prominent surgeon during the Revolution, attended the army to Pluck- amin and remained several days. His quarters were in the village, and he visited the camp several times each day. On the way he had to cross a plank over a deep gully with soft mud at the bottom. The irre- pressible Eoff, watching his chance, so shifted the plank that one end barely rested on the bank, within an inch of the edge. Along came the surgeon in his brilliant uniform, with a proud, important tread. He struck the plank, and down he went into the slough. About 1800, John Davenport, a native of England, came to this part of New Jersey from Connecticut, and purchased the property south of the village known as the Lafierty property. He married Margaret, the daughter of Rulofi' Traphagen (who lived at the foot of the mountain south of the Lesser Cross-Roads, on the line between Bernard and Bedminster). He lived in the Lafferty house, and built an extensive tannery. He purchased large quantities of sumach, and pre- pared it for the use of morocco-manufacturers. He died in 1830, aged fifty-two. His remains lie in the Lamington churchyard. Ralph Davenport, of Pluckamin, is a son by his first wife ; after her death Mr. Davenport married Mary, the daughter of John Boylan. Thomas, James, and Samuel Davenport, of Somerville, are his sons.f The old LaflTerty house * Jacob Magill, from articles published in the Unimist in 1870. t See sketch of Davenport family, p. 689, et seq., in this work. BEDMINSTEE. 713 was torn down in 1879, and no vestige of house or other of the various business interests carried on there is to be seen. In the war of 1812, William I. Hedges and John Hunt came to Pluckamin, and both kept store, — Hunt in a part of the " old Barracks,'' as it was then called. Hunt a little later opened a recruiting-office in the building. About 1815 this old hostelry was torn down, and James Herod built the present dwelling upon the site. William I. Hedges married a daughter of Christian Eoff, and kept store in Pluckamin until 1817, when he removed to Somerville. Jacob Locey came to Pluckamin about 1810. He was a hatter, and worked at his trade for several years; he was also a justice of the peace for many years, and post- master forty-five years. His shop was close to his house, still standing on the west side of Main Street. John Van Zandt, whose mother was an Eoff, was born in Pluckamin, and became engaged in mercantile pursuits in his native village, continuing thirty-nine years. He now lives in Somerville, at an advanced age. Squire Elias Brown was born at Pluckamin. (He was a son of Abram Brown, who early purchased 130 acres in the vicinity.) He married the only daughter of Col. William McEown. He was a farmer and justice of the peace, and owned 600 or 700 acres of land. Dr. McDowell relates many anecdotes of the squire and his wife ; they are published in " Our Home" in 1873, to which the reader is referred. The following is related by Mr. Magill and is of interest : " Garret Conover has in his house in Pluckamin a tea-hoard or tahle which bejirs the habks of Hesaian swords. It belonged to his grand- father, Abraham Conover, who lived on the turnpike below Bound Brook. A notorious friend of the British living on Pluckamin Moun- tain guided a party to Conover's house and made him get out of bed, harness up his team, and get 400 muskets from a pile of buckwheat straw on the hack part of Abraham Brokaw's farm, where they had been con- cealed by the Americans, and haul them to the British at New Bruns- wick. For this act Mr. Conover declared he would punish the leader, and watched with his gun several weeks, declaring he would shoot him. At length he was caught, taken to the same house he had invaded, stripped, and covered with tar, and. Grandmother Conover volunteering her feather-bed for the occasion, it was ripped open and the scoundrel rolled in it till he was sufficiently arranged for the ostrich-like run that he made when he was liberated. " Mrs. Sarah Conover relates that she has often heard her mother, Ida v. Gaston, say, that when Washington's army came from Princeton a commissary was sent ahead to request the farmers to prepare food for them. Huge pots of meat were put over the fire, but when the men came along they were so nearly starved that they fished it out with their bayonets and ate it on their way." Dr. William McKissack was a physician in Plucka- min before removing to Bound Brook. Dr. McDowell relates the following story of him : " He was a large burly man, with great rotundity of stomach. Doctors in those days, in visiting their patients, always took one drink at the house. If they wished they could take two ; nobody thought anything about it. . . . It was almost impossible for a physician to be a sober man. Our friend went from Pluckamin to Somerville one day after dinner in a sulky. He accomplished his errand, then drank freely. Night came on. He supposed he had come there on horseback, and for- getting the snlky, mounted the horse and started for home. As he rode along the noise of wheels behind disturbed him. How dreadful it would be to be run over on a dark night,— to be crushed to death all alone 1 46 ' Turn out behind I Don't run over me I' cried the doctor. He felt re- assured, and rode farther. Still those dreadful, dreadful wheels sounded behind. It was too much I Again agony of fear broke forth into words: ' Turn out there behind I The old doctor rides slowly on a dark night.' At last Pluckamin was reached. To his dismay, he found the horse still attached to the sulky. He had ridden the horse all the way and left the sulky, without an occupant, to follow behind." Much that pertains to the history of Pluckamin will be found in the chapter on the Revolution and in other parts of this work. From 1880 the place has given way to other centres, and is now but an outly- ing village. It contains a church (Presbyterian), hotel, two stores, post-of5ce, two blacksmith-shops, and about forty dwellings. LAEGBE OBOSS-EOADS. To-day the place has no importance. In 1775 it contained a hotel kept by John Sutphin ; two years later another one, across the way, was opened by John Finley. The road passing through here from east to west was laid out in 1745 along the north line of the Maj. Daniel Axtell tract. Jacob Magill, of the New- ark Journal, in 1870 gathered many of the Eevolu- tionary incidents of the county and contributed them to the columns of the Unionist under the heading of " Somerset, Past and Present." The following will be of interest in this connection : "Larger Cross-Roada has an almost inexhaustible fund of history. Here lived the lighting men who raised the quotas of Bedminster in tho Revolution, and here train-bands met for years to fight their battles o'er again over a glass of apple-juice of any age to suit the taste. After the capture of Gen. Lee at Basking Ridge, the troops of this neighborhood were drawn up in line oi battle expecting an attack, and bullets have frequently been found where they stood. The old men who came here to drill on training-days had many a tale to tell of their adventures in the war. On a certain night, when the army lay at Morristown, John Barclay, who lived north of the Cross-Roads, and Malachi McCollum were placed on guard. The notorious Bill Stewart and his brother Laf- ferty were confined in jail, and it was the duty of these men to watch the prisoners. There happened to be in their rounds a barrel of hard cider, which they, with true soldierly instinct, soon discovered. Whether it was the cold or the cider we cannot say, but something made them de- cidedly ' blue,' and the prisoners, making ropes of their bed-clothes, es- caped. Esq. Peter Sutphin was in the army at the time, in Capt. Logan's company, and stayed the night of the occurrence with his brother-in- law, Capt. Robert Blair. The escape of the prisoners caused great ex- citement, and the two negligent cider-suckers never heard the last of it. " A companion of these, and a right jolly one, too, was Robert Little. He was a lion in courage, of powerfully-developed muscle, and one of the toughest veterans of the war. He related to those now living that the hardest fighting he ever did was at the battle of Monmouth, when, in a hand-to-haud fight, they forced a body of Hessians back through a brush fence. A Scotchman, he loved his wife and reverenced the church, but was sometimes overcome by his fondness for a social glass." Little afterwards lived and died in Branchburg, His son, John, lived to an advanced age, and died in 1879. His children now reside in that township. Robert Little related the following to Dr. McDowell : " Our company was as ragged as beggars. How could we help it ? Our pay was poor, our clothes were wearing out, and we had nothing to re- place them. At last the time came to fix up again. The colonel issued the order. I was then the tailor of the company. It was very easy to issue the command ; to fulfill it was a ditTerent task. Wo could easily sew and patch, but where was the cloth to come from? We hunted, gathered from all the families and friends around, and I, with my assist- ants, went to work. We overhauled, patched and mended. We got the clothes in such order that no rags were seen. A grand dress-parade was ordered. Our boys marched with head erect and a proud step. For once 714 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. for a long time they had a suit of clotlies without any holes in them. The light-horse saw them; they became envious. Then a second order was issued : ' Robert Little must fix up the light-horse and put them in as good condition as the infantry.* This order was harder to fulfill than the lirst one. We ransacked all the houses in the neighborhood a second time. We found cloth and other material. These we fixed up for the light-horse. Still we were a little behind ; something else was wanting. The light-horse wore helmets, intended to be ornamented with horse- tails. We had none of them to spare. We were now in a serious fix. At last I hit upon a plan. I selected twenty of the youngest, smartest men. I awoke them all at 12 o'clock at night. At that time they started, scoured the country for miles around. They drove up every cow they could find. And I tell you each cow went home with a piece off its tail about as long as my hand." LESSEE CEOSS-EOADS. This settlement commenced after the Eevolution. The first hotel-keeper was John Melick, about 1780. A post-office was established about 1835. The Bedmin- ster church is a short distance below the corner. The first chiirch was built about 1758, torn down about 1817, and the present one erected the next year. The hamlet contains a hotel, one store, post-office, black- smith-shop, carriage-shop, and fifteen or twenty dwell- ings. PBAPACK. This village is located on a road running north and south along Peapack or Lawrence Brook, and is a long and straggling village, extending about two miles. Before the beginning of the present century a saw- and grist-mill was built on the stream where the Jo- roleman mill now stands. Daniel Joroleman relates that when he removed to that place with his father, in 1808, there were but four houses there besides the mill, — those of William Logan, Hugh Gaston (stone), Levi Sutton, and Nicholas Ditmars where Mrs. Ann Tiger now lives. The Van Dorns lived a little west; their mill was built that year. In 1814, William Van Dorn built the residence at present occupied by his son, Lewis Van Dorn.* The fir.st blacksmith was William Logan, father of Capt. John Logan ; the shop was opposite the school-house, where Kobert Lay- ton now lives. Alexander Kirkpatrick was a sur- veyor and merchant here before 1800. Peter Doren, about 1814, erected a blacksmith-shop on the spot where now stands the shop of Henry Van Duyn. A school-house once stood where the cemetery now is ; John Herod and Stoffel Logan were teachers. A stone blacksmith-shop was erected in 1836, near Van Dorn's mill, by Ferdinand Van Dorn ; one Cole was the blacksmith. The village now contains a hotel, two grist-mills, post-office, two churches (Reformed and Methodist), four stores, three blacksmith-shops, three wheel- wrights, distillery, six perpetual lime-kilns, and nine set kilns.f LAMINGTON. The land on which this hamlet is located was pur- chased in 1741 by James Alexander and Daniel Don- * See biographical department of this township history. t Lime-burnipg started at Peapack as early as 1794, but it did not be- come very extensive until 1830. There are now about 200,000 bushels of unslaked lime produced annually. alson Dunstar, and consisted of 583 acres. The Presbyterian church had been built prior to this, on the ground occupied by the present building. In March, 1743, they conveyed the church and cemetery lot to the congregation. The Kev. James McCrea, the first regular pastor, in the early part of his pas- torate lived on the west side of the river, in a house later owned by the father of the Rev. Dr. Messier, of Somerville. He afterwards purchased a farm where George Mullen now lives, and still later the farm on which Peter Lane resides. Rev. J. Halsey purchased 105 acres on the east side of the Allematunk, known later as the parsonage. Feb. 24, 1772, he sold it to John Demund. July 1, 1784, William McEown pur- chased the property from Thomas Berry, executor of Mr. Demund, and the next day deeded it to the trus- tees of the Presbyterian Church of Bedminster. On this lot was built the parsonage of which the ruins are still standing. In the old stone ruin on the bank of the river lived the Rev. William Boyd ; here he opened a classical school for young men. As was the custom in New Jersey, he owned slaves. t During the ministry of the Rev. Mr. Boyd a singu- lar and eccentric woman, known as Betty McCoy, came to Lamington and united with the church. She soon became known far and near not only for her ec- centricities, but for her deep piety. This account of her is given : " She was stolen away when a small child, by the Indians, and was never able to give any clue to the place of her birth or her parentage. She spoke about Minisink, and probably was first taken there, and after- wards carried down into Virginia. Here she formed a plan to escape to the Revolutionary army. Being pursued, she hid in abrush-heap, and the savages set fire to nearly every pile of brush around her, expecting to bum her out ; but the heap where she was concealed escaped the conflagration. This she considered such a miraculous interposition of Providence that from that hour she became a devoted Christian. Reaching the army, she served as a vivandiere and ministered to the sick and wounded through the eventful Southern campaign, and though her voice was rough, her speech unlettered (for she never learned to read or write), and her face homely, there never was a kinder nurse than Betty McCoy. On the re- turn of peace she came north, and, finding her way to Lamington, though only about sixteen yeare of age, she commenced her mission, going from house to house scattering gospel seed in her rough but earn- est way." At the time Betty came to Lamington, Simon Suy- dam owned the most of the landed property. The people were interested in the story of her troubles and wanderings. Mr. Suydam offered lumber if the neigh- bors would build Betty a house. The offer was ac- cepted, and a small house was erected on a lot set apart for the purpose. Betty built a brush fence around it. She took charge of the church, which, with her spinning and visiting (for she was a welcome guest), kept her very busy. t " June 13, 1806.— Eev. William Boyd certifies that in the township of Bedminster he had born of a female slave a female child named Hannah, June 28, 1805, which was duly registered in the clerk's office, and which said child I do hereby abandon and surrender to said township as a pau- per of said township, agreeable to the Act of the Legislature, entitled An Act for the Gradual AboUtion of Slavery." BEDMINSTEE. 715 POTTERSVILLB. In the records of 1741 the name of Potter occurs in this section, it being a mention of one Richard Potter, owning land on both sides of the Lamington. Mills have existed here many years. Col. Jonathan Potter, the father of Sering and Samuel, lived and died here. The village contains about 120 inhabi- tants, a Eeformed church (erected in 1865), a grist- mill, and an agricultural implement manufactory. The property, except the old Potter homestead, is owned by Robert Craig. The place was founded by Sering Potter, who commenced the improvements which caused it to become a busy and thriving hamlet. SCHOOLS. It is difficult to gain any accurate information of the early schools of Bedminster, as the records were ■destroyed about 1845. In the early days the business pertaining to the schools was recorded with the other public business of the town. The earliest reliable information of the existence of a school-house is given in a record of a road laid out Jan. 6, 1759, " begin- ning at the westerly side of the brook that divides Bedminster and Bridgewater township at the school- house." Exactly where or who were the teachers we cannot ascertain. The next is in an account of a ball given at Pluckamin, Feb. 18, 1779, and published in the New Jersey Gazette of that year. " The entertainment and ball were held in the academy of the park." After fireworks in the evening " the company returned to the academy and concluded the celebration by a very splen- did ball." The exact locality of this " academy" is sup- posed to have been on the east side of the main street of the village, north of the residence of John Boylan, on the edge of a wood. The property was a few years a,go a part of the farm of the late Dr. Henry Van Derveer. It is not known who were teachers, nor how long it had been in existence. The earliest school at Pluckamin within the memory of those now living was taught about 1810. At that time a school-house was standing about a mile west of the village, by the bend of the road opposite opposite Van Derveer Van Arsdale's house. Among the teachers were John Hardcastle, William Perrine, and " Master Welsh," who wore a gown when on duty and wielded the birch with vigor. Schools were not kept regularly, but only as some stray pedagogue chanced along. Folkert Dowe kept one at the Lesser Cross-Roads before 1818, in a house opposite the Bedminster church. In this year the Rev. Charles Hardenburgh, pastor of the Reformed Church of Bedminster, founded a classical school. It was kept in the second story of a district school-house at the Lesser Cross-Roads'. A similar school had been established prior to this by the Rev. William Boyd, of Lamington. He came to that church as pastor in 1784 and died in 1807. A number of young men studied in the old parsonage, the ruins of which are still standing west of the churchyard. The county was probably divided into school dis- tricts in 1832, but no data are obtainable. In the other townships an amount was raised annually for school purposes, and without doubt that was the case in this. The election records of the township of Bridgewater for 1834 show the first school committee to have been elected that year. In 1867 the town- ship contained twelve school districts, as follows: Pluckamin, Lesser Cross-Roads, Holland, Union, Pea- pack, Lamington, Central, Foot of Lane, Larger Cross-Roads, Duchess, Pottersville, Union Grove. The whole number of children was 633 ; county sur- plus revenue interest, $294.73; State appropria- tion, $292.23; township appropriation, $1266; total, $1852.96. The number of school districts reported in 1879 were nine, as follows : Peapack (No. 1), Vnion Grove (No, 2), Bedmimier (No. 4), Larger Oroa&- Boada (No. 5), Foot of Lane (No. 6), Pottersville (No. 7), Lammgtmi (No. 8), Pluclcamin (No. 9), Burnt Mills (No. 10). Total number of children in township between five and eighteen, 728 ; total average number in attendance, 255; total value of property, 86150; total received from all sources for school purposes, $2802.78. RELIGIOUS OR&ANIZATIONS. ST. PAUL LUTHERAN CHUBOH. A colony of German Lutherans from old German- town came to what is now Germantown in New Jersey before 1720, and rapidly spread in diflferent directions, — some to the German Valley, others to Washington Valleyj and to Spruce Run. Devotion to their faith led them to institute public worship as soon as possi- ble. The first place in this section known to have been used for that purpose was in the Washington Valley, where a portion of the Germans had settled. Prior to 1730 a log church was built, about a mile and a half east of the village, in the township of Bernard ; it has long since passed away, and trees now grow upon the spot. Upon the organization of the Lutheran congrega- tion in Germantown this church was abandoned, those who attended here uniting with that body. The date of the organization of Zion's Church is not definitely known, but it is said to have been formed in 1742. The oldest record in existence bears date 1749. Lutheran missionaries were here much earlier, as services were held in the log church mentioned and a log church near White House (the old burying-ground of which still exists). In 1748, John Albert Weygand preached on trial, and the next year was called by the society. Seventy-eight names were signed to the call, the signers being residents of Readington, Bed- minister, and Roxbury, as well as of Tewksbury. The names of the trustees were Baltus Pickel, Honries Melick, Philip Phise, alias White, Caspar Hender- shot, Lawrence Rulison, Samuel Barnard, David Melick, Jacob Kline, Adam- Vockerot, Jacob Ship- man, George Sweet, and Joseph Hornbaker. It will be noticed that some of the names are still known in the township to this day. In 1756, at a meeting of the vestry of Zion's Church, it was " determined to 716 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. build a churcli at Pluckamin, Bedminster township, Somerset Co., to be called St. Paul's Church." A subscription -list was started, which was favorably re- ceived and largely signed. A copy of this list is here given, as fully as possible, a few names being illeg- ible.* Bedmtnsteb, Te 7lh Day of December, 1756. A Subscription For Raising a Sum of Money For Building a Church In Bedmmeter town. Whereas, the Members of the Lutheran Congregation In and near Bedminetertown Being NecesEitated For a Place of Public Worship Think it a Proper Place to Erect a House for To Worehip God and it is further Agreed By us the Subscribers That one-half of the Preaching on Every Other Sermon Preached By any Minister Chosen by the Said Lutheran Congregation Shall be in the English Language And the other in High Dutch. We therefore the undersubsc Fibers Do Promise To Pay or Cause to he Paid The Sum or Sums Annexed to our Names for the uses abovementioned To any Person or Persons Chosen Collector of Said Money by the Said Congregation. The Money is not To be paid untill Said Church is a Building and the Money Wanted for that Use. We most Humbly would Desire the assistance of all our well Minded friends and Neighbors That are well wishers for Promoting So Good a Deseine To be helpfull to us and Subscribe such a Matter To this our undertaking ■which will be Excepted with Greatest Humility and thankfulness and will be Attending to the advancement of ye Glory of God, £ n. d. Jacob EofF, Sr 20 George Remer 20 Nicholas Hamlin 10 John Kemer 12 John Castner, Jr 10 Christopher Teeple 5 Jacob Eofr,Jr 3 Abraham Eoff. 10 David King lo Johannes Kastner ~ 12 Lncaa Diebil 14 George Teeple 10 Caltes Appleman John Appleman Johannes Molin Jacob Akerman 3 10 William Graham 5 John Teeple 12 Jacob Cruger 3 10 MarkisKing 2 9 Johannes Giiling 1 Evan Brommo 1 Peter Castner 7 James Castner 1 Jacob Brommo Alexander Linn 1 William McClellan 1 John Loder 1 Thomas Lockes 1 Gisbert Hander 1 John Melick 1 Richard Skinner William Kerney 1 William Leddel....*. 10 John Grant 3 Benjamin Manning James Adams SylvanuB Snyder 1 his Frederick X Morkley... 1 mark Jacob V. D. Veer 5 Robert Gricemer 2 John La Grange Daniel McDaniel Charles Dui-yea 1 Matice G. Appleman 5 George Forman 1 Cornelius Doremus Aaron Boylan Robert Cross Nathaniel Ayers 1 Tttomas Phillips 1 Mary Castuer, widow.... 3 his Cristeyan X S'olk 5 mark John O'Harah 1 15 James O'Harah 1 15 Hendrick Van Arsdalen 1 15 Daniel Karney 1 15 James Graham 3 10 Richard McDaniel David Henary Mikel Henary Jones Greenwa James Linn Peter Rush, Sr Michael Scliooley Gisbert Sutfin Johannes William William Aurie Lane Hendrick R. Lane Abraham Montaraje John Compton Benjamin Loder Richard Compton James Rightmire Jones. Cornelius Lane William Caviiaga George Dribbel Henry Beam P. Castner, son of John- Aaron Malick James Cole.. Aaron Buorom AusoD Melick John Clawson John Throckmorton Bryan Lefferty Daniel McEowen L. M. Belyen Patrick Riley, hatter John Degrout Hendrick Fisher Tobias Van Norden John Anderson William Stevens Marins Granvill Henry McCann Hugh Sutton Andreas Jihandler Robert Skinner Phinehas Skinner William Ker Ephraim Lockhai-t John Van Cleef J. S. Lurane James Mugelhaney Thomas Carhartt David McWilliam Thomas Willson Joseph Sharp John Pool John Cavill Thomas Clawson Josiah Stanbury Stephen Truesdell WoodhuU Turner Ryner Van Nest Henry Van Home Hendrick Staats Abram Van Nest 8. d. 10 16 5 10 10 1 6 10 10 15 15 15 16 10 (I 3 14 1 10 10 7 7 1 1 6 10 * The original list is in possession of John Tan Zandt, of Somerville. d. Lett Low £ 1 8. d. 16 l*! Otto Parissen William Reade ... - £ William Corle 1 Moses McGraw 1 Aaron Louzader 1 William Riddel Mary Alexander The amount subscribed was about £350. Degroot, Fisher, Van Norden, Anderson, and others were residents of Bound Brook. William Riddle was probably a son of Archibald Riddle, who located lot 44 on the east side of North Branch, in Bridgewater township. Mary Alexander was the daughter of Dr. John Johnston (who purchased large tracts of land in this region) and the wife of James Alexander, who with D. D. Dan- star bought 583 acres of land, including the site of Lamington and other tracts north. The church was built on land donated by Jacob Eoff, and stood in the roadway of the churchyard, southeast of the present building. In 1760 the Rev. Paul Bryzelius settled in Germantown as rector of Zion and St. Paul's Churches, He was succeeded in 1767 by the Rev. Henry Muhlenberg. In this year a charter for the two churches was obtained, a part of which is here quoted : " George the Third, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc.; To all to whom these PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETING : Wliereas, the Reverend Heni-y Muhl- enberg, Lawrence Ruloph, Samuel Bernard, Philip Weigs, Jacob Klein, Peter Kish, Wm. Craft, Christopher Vogt, Buloph Kulofson, John Stone, Balthas Pickel, Herman Eulophs, and Anthony Meelick, Inhabitants of the Townships of Tewksburj', Beading, and Koxbury, in the Counties of Hunterdon and Morris in our Province of New Jersey ; Lucas Dipple, David King, Jacob Eoff, John Appelman, Leonard Strait, Conrad Meiz- ing, Aaron Meelick, Jacob Vosler, Mark King, Chi-istopher Tipple, John Teple, and Peter Meelick, Inhabitants of the Townships of Bedniiuster, Bridgewater, and Bernard, in Our County of Somerset in Our said Prov- ince, by the Petition to Our trusty and well-beloved William Franklm, Esq., Captain-General and Govemor-in-Chief of our said Province of New Jersey and the Territories thereon depending in America, Chancellor and Vice-Admiral of the same, etc., have set forth that they have at a great Expense purchased several lots of ground in Tewkshury Township aforesaid, and have built a House of Worship called Zion Church and a par- sonage House on part thereof, and have set the rest apart for a Glebe and Burying- Ground, that they havealso bought a lot of land in the Township of Bedminster aforesaid, and erected a building thereon called St. PhuPb Church, that they with the other regular Members of said Churches have heretofore made and signed certain Articles and Kules for the good gov- ernment of the said societies ; but that they labor under many difficul- ties for want of their being made a Body Corporate and politic, and have prayed Our Rotal Charter to be incorporated by the names of the Rec- tor, Churchwardens, and Vestrymen, of the United Churches of Ziun and St. Paul: And Wb being willing to give all due encouragement and to promote the pious intentions of Our said subjects and to grant tbeir re- gard in this behalf: Now Know Te, that We, for the consideralious aforesaid, of Our especial Grace, certain Knowledge, and mere Motion, have willed, ordained, constituted, and approved, and by these Pi events for Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, Do Will, Ordain, Constitute, and Ap- point, that the Rev. Henry Muhlenberg.-f- and their successors tu bo elected and chosen in the manner hereinafter directed, Be and fuiever hereafter shall be, one Body Politic and Corporate, in Deed and in name, by the name of the Rector, Church-wardens, and Vestrymen of the United Churches of Zion and St. Paul, and them and their successors by the same name, We do by These Presents, for Us, Our Heirs, and Suc- cessors, really and fully make, ordain, constitute, and declare, one Body Corporate and Politic in Deed and in Name, to have Community and Succession perpetual, and that they and their successors by the Name shall and may forever hereafter be Persons able and capable in the Law to purchase, have, take, and receive, and enjoy, to them and their Suc- cessors, Messuages, Lands, Tenements, Rents, Liberties, Privileges, Ju- risdictions, Franchises, and other Hereditaments, whatsoever of whatever nature, kind, and quality, they be, in Fee and Perpetuity, not exceeding the yearly value of Five Hundred Pounds Sterling," etc. This charter is written on parchment, with the seal of the province attached. Two years later, in 1769, t Here follow the names of the twenty-four vestrymen. BEDMINSTBR. 717 Peter Muhlenberg was chosen as deacon or assistant rector. In 1770 the following resolution of the vestry was recorded : "The pro tern, rector or his regular assistant minister shall perform Divine service on every second Sun and Feast day in Zion Church, and for BO doing eiyoy undisturbed hahitaticn on the Glebe and the yearly legacy of Mr. Baltes Pickel. Also every fourth Sunday he shall preach in Boxbury called the Valley, and receive from that congregation £20. Also every fourth Sunday in St. Paul's Church Bedminster and catechise the children, receiving £20 therefor." In 1775 the Kev. "William Graaf was called to the rectorship, the Eev. Henry Muhlenberg living in Philadelphia, his former assistant having been called to a parish in Virginia. The members of Zion Church applied to the Leg- islature of the State for an act of incorporation sep- arating them from the church of St. Paul and giving them the corporate name of " Zion's Church." Un- der this act the trustees sold the lands and church of St. Paul to William McEwen. This sale was con- tested in the courts on the ground that the original charter conferred no power to sell in fee the lands of the church. The Hon. Richard Stockton rendered a decision in the matter, as follows : " I decide that lands conveyed by deed to William McEwen, Esq., are null and void, and. that Zion's vestrymen have no right to sell church and lands of St. Paul." The property then reverted to Abraham Van Ars- dale in right of his wife, Mary Eoff, the daughter ot Jacob. The church was used as a prison for British soldiers captured at Princeton. The pews and seats were taken out, and it was much injured. It was never repaired after this, neither was any service held there. Compensation for damages was received from the Government' in later years. The walls remained standing until they became dangerous, and were finally taken down. Some of the stones were used in the erection of a dam at Kline's mills. On the site, in 1831, a Methodist church was erected; it stood until about 1850, when it was removed to its present location and occupied as a school-house. The Pres- byterian Society of Pluckamin purchased the ground, receiving a quit-claim deed of the trustees of Zion Church and of Philip Van Arsdale in behalf of the heirs of Jacob Eofi". The burial-place, east and south of the church, is fiill of graves; part of the old one was purchased by Peter Worley, a blacksmith, who built a shop upon it, and took the gravestones to pave the cellar of his house. The altar-cloth of the St. Paul's Church is in possession of William P. Sut- phin. PBESBTTEKIAN CHURCH AT LAMINGTON.* There is, perhaps, no study which so readily inter- ests the mind as that of history. It is like living our- selves through the ages that are past. And, first, it may not be improper to remark upon * Extracted from an historical sermon delivered to the congregation, contributed to " Our Home" by Dr. WUliam W. Blauvelt, pastor of the church. the name which we bear. We have, in fact, two names. Our name in law, according to the act of in- corporation passed by the Legislature of this State in 1783, is " The Presbyterian Congregation at Bedmin- ster, in the counties of Somerset and Hunterdon." By this name alone can we receive, hold, or convey property. The name by which we are generally known is derived from the stream near us, called by the Indians, and also in the older statutes of our State, and on Gordon's first map, the AllametunJc, but, sharing the fate of many majestic Indian appellations, it has now been flattened down into " Lamington." With regard to the time of our organization, the first record in relation thereto is found in the minutes of the Presbytery of New Brunswick. At a meeting held at Amwell, Oct. 11, 1739, the second year of the existence of that Presbytery, the record is in these words : " A petition from Lamintunk, in order for supplies, being offered to the Presbytery, they ordered Mr. Rowland to supply them the 19th inst." At a subsequent meeting, three weeks afterwards, at New Brunswick, it is recorded that Mr. Rowland reported that he had "complied with the order respecting preaching at Lamintunk.'' Whether he preached here on any other occasion does not appear, although, doubtless, there were other services, both before and afterwards, which led to the organization of a church and the call of a pastor in the spring of 1740. The first preaching-place, according to tradition, was a barn on the farm now owned by Hezekiah Eyck. As we learn from our trustee-books, in 1740 a house of worship was erected on our present lot. The deed for the lot, of date March, 1743, speaks of the church as already built. The sum paid to the car- penter, Israel Ross, was £134. This building had on the lower floor thirty-six pews, with twenty-two in the gallery, and was probably the first church edifice erected within ten miles of this place, the Lutheran church of New Germantown being built nine years after. The erection of the building was simultaneous with the call of the pastor. April 1, 1840, occurs the following record of Presbytery held at Basking Ridge : " A call for Mr. MoCrea was presented to the Presbytery from the people of Lametunfc, Lebanon, Peapack, Eeadington, and Bethlehem, ■which he accepted," As the congregation was not incojporated until 1783, its temporal concerns were for many years man- aged by a committee. The first chosen in 1740 were John Craig, William Jones, Richard Porter, and Wil- liam Hugein. To these were added, in 1742, Ephraim Lockhart, William Logan, James Fullerton, and Henry Sloan. In 1749 we find on that committee Ralph Smith, John McFerren, William Cblwell, Robert Rosbough, Peter Demun, William Bay, and Thomas Van Horn. Descendants from most of these persons are still connected with us. The name of William Jones is noticeable as the husband of Heph- zibah Jones, whose gravestone records her death, in 1740, being the oldest date in our cemetery. 718 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. As the records of the church session prior to 1809 are not to be found, we can give no detail of the re- sult of Mr. McCrea's ministry. The following among other names are found in the congregational lists of his pastorate : David Heriot, John Henry, Robert Bar- clay, Derick Sutphen, James Adams, Patrick Brown, Aaron Dilly, Peter McDowell, Ephraim McDowell, Jacob Van Derveer, William Hoagland, James Gas- ton, William Linn, Robert Simonton, William Sutton, Jacob Ten Eycke, William Todd, Matthias Lane, Gar- ret Lane, Gilbert Sutphen, Bryan Lafierty, James McEwen, Mrs. Mehelm, John Voorhees, Aaron Beek- man, Christopher Beekman, Andrew Leake, Benyew Dunham, Christopher Longstreet, and John Stillwell. We find also that in 1752 there was an agreement to enlarge the building, which shows that the church was then prosperous. After the resignation of Mr. McCrea, in 1766, the congregation was without a pastor for three and a half years, the pulpit being supplied irom abroad. April 17, 1770, a call from the people of Bedminster was made to Mr. Jeremiah Halsey. He died Oct. 2, 1780, aged forty-seven. In 1768, the congregation purchased a parsonage farm, — the one, it is said, which now belongs to Mr. Beaver. This they sold to Thomas Lambert in the spring of 1784, and in the fall purchased for the resi- 'dence of their minister, from the estate of John Demund, the farm which is now owned by Hezekiah Eyck. In the spring of 1782 the congregation obtained the stated services of Dr. John Rodgers, who remained in charge until November, 1783. Rev. William Boyd followed Dr. Rodgers. His pas- torate has always been referred to as the palmy days of this congregation. The number of communicants, however, was not large, as in 1801 there were reported to Presbytery only 80. Mr. Boyd died May 17, 1807, in the forty-ninth year of his age and the twenty- third of his ministry, this having been his first and only charge. His funeral sermon was preached by Dr. Finley, of Basking Ridge. Among the new fam- ilies introduced on our books in his time, we find, in 1787, John Boylan, Simon Hagaman, Thomas C. Lam- bert, William McKissack, John Duyckinck ; 1789, Henry Traphagen, Aaron Melick ; 1792, Peter Nevius ; 1793, John Honeyman, David Traphagen, Thomas Wolverton; 1795, Isaac Farlee, John M. Williams, Jeremiah Field, Joseph Annin, Abraham Van Dyke, Job Lane, Abraham Simonson, John McBride; 1796, Abraham Ten Eyck, Henry Field; 1797, Cornelius Powelson ; 1798, John Finley, Henry Stevens, Thomas Stout, Andrew Vosseller, Nicholas Arrowsmith, Everet Bergen ; 1800, Dr. Isaac Ogden ; 1801, Francis Haga- man, Henry Blackwell, Gabriel Vandervoort, Gilbert Low, John Bunn ; 1802, Samuel Potter, Andrew Van Derbeek ; 1803, John Beekman, Jeremiah Voorhees, Henry Kennedy; 1804, Benjamin Larzalier; 1806, Aaron Longstreet ; 1807, William Lambert. In 1784, and also in 1807, the edifice received considerable re- pairs. In consequence, it is said, of the difficulty ex- perienced in keeping the parsonage in good order, it was sold to the pastor in 1801. After the death of a minister so highly esteemed, the people found great difficulty in uniting to call a successor. The strife was so serious and prolonged that the Presbytery sent a committee of conciliation and a letter, though, as subsequently appears, with little effect. At length, in June, 1809, a call from the majority was presented through Presbytery to the Rev. Enoch Burt, of Massachusetts, and accepted by him. His ministry terminated in 1813. His successor was the Rev. Horace Galpin, who was ordained and installed June 16, 1814, and con- tinued here until April, 1825. During this time 123 persons were received into communion. The largest ingathering was in 1822, when 53 were received. April 3, 1826, the corner-stone of the present edifice was laid by the Rev. Dr. John McDowell, then pas- tor of the First Church of Elizabethtown. It was shortly after this event, in the early part of June, that by special invitation the present pastor first visited this place. He preached two Sabbaths, when he received a call, and came July 11th. He was or- dained and installed on August 8th, the services being held in the new house, then in an unfinished state. At the time of his settlement the number of com- municants was 152. At present the whole number is but 135. This diminution is to be accounted for, in part at least, by the organization of new churches on the outskirts, the passing of many farms to the owner- ship of persons attached to other denominations, re- movals, deaths, etc. The contributions for 1879 were $2025 for congregational and $400 for benevolent pur- poses. The following persons now deceased are known to have entered the ministry from the membership : Ja- cob Fields, of Stroudsburgh ; Dr. Isaac Brown, of Lawrenceville ; William B. Sloan, of Greenwich ; Dr. John McDowell ; Dr. William McDowell ; Dr. Ber- gen, of Springfield, 111. ; Dr. Symmes Henry, of Cran- bury ; John C. Vandervoort, of Basking Ridge ; and Jesse Lockwood, who died a missionary among the Indians. Also, still living, Abram Hagaman, of Mis- souri ; George Blauvelt, of Tappan ; Dr. Morris Sut- phin, of New York ; Alstyne Blauvelt, of German Valley ; and William E. Honeyman, of Minnesota. Two died while in course of preparation, — Warren S. Blauvelt and Isaac F. Sutphin. Two went from the families of the congregation, though not from the church membership, — Oliver Ogden and John Simon- son. Rev. William Warren Blauvelt, D.D., the present pastor, is the oldest minister now in active service in the county. He has already entered upon the fifty- fourth year of his ministry, and if he begins his fifty- fifth he will have overreached the long pastorate of Dr. Ludlow and eclipsed all those famous for their BBDMINSTEK. 719 length in the county.* The early history of the doc- tor was eventful ; the later has not been so. Born in New Brunswick, June 23, 1800, he was an octogena- rian last June, and yet all the striking events of his life occurred before he was twenty-seven. His father was the somewhat noted printer, Abraham Blauvelt, brother-in-law of the late Col. Joseph Warren Scott, long the ablest lawyer in the State. Not fancying the printer's trade, he was found studying law at the early age of fourteen in the colonel's office, having already graduated from Rutgers College with the high honor of valedictorian. His reminiscences of college life, published in " Our Home" for 1873, are quaint and humorous. ' When sixteen it was found that his health was too much impaired for him to continue the study of law, and he was sent to Virginia. He stayed on the Eastern Shore of Virginia scarce a year, when he returned to New Jersey, locating at Flem- ington as a school-teacher. He taught the academy six months, and was then called by Dr. Brownlee to help him in his school at Basking Ridge. Dr. Brownlee was more an author than a teacher, and almost the full charge of the school fell upon Mr. Blauvelt. William L. Dayton, the eminent Prof. Cross, and others, were among his pupils. He spent two years and a half there, and then concluded to enter the New Brunswick Seminary and prepare for the ministry. He remained from fall till spring only, his close application to the study of Hebrew breaking him down physically. Obtaining a temporary situa- tion in the Trenton Academy, he remained there until the next February (1822), when he was invited to Hampden-Sydney College, Virginia, and was tutor there until 1824. Secretary Preston, Judge Reeves, and other men of note were among his students. The old desire for the ministry returning with better health, Mr. Blauvelt again went to New Brunswick, reaching there the day Gen. Lafayette passed through the city. Re-entering the seminary, he remained until April, then passed a satisfactory examination before the Presbytery at Lawrenceville and was licensed to preach. He attempted the examination without waiting for the completion of his theological course, because his health was again giving way. He was too close a student to keep his physique in repair ; but this dear experience was of use to him afterwards. He just missed being called to the First Presbyterian Church at Trenton, and then concluded to horseback it through Delaware Co., N. Y., as a missionary of the Dutch Missionary Society, believing that would give him health and useful experience. Among a plain people, where were no churches, he accom- plished a noble work. He rode and preached from April to November, 1825, and then served as the So- ciety's traveling collection agent until April, 1826. *Bev. Dr. G. Ludlow's was fifty-four years; Kev. Dr. A. Messler'a, forty-seven; Bev. J. C. Sears', forty-five; Eev. Dr. B. K. Eogers', forty- four ; Bev. J. T. Euglish, thirty-six ; Bev. J. B. Gardner (still continu- ing), thirty-six. Returning to New York City, his connection with the Dutch society brought him into a near business relation to its treasurer, Timothy Hutton, and the still nearer business and social relationship of a son- in-law, as he soon married Mr. Button's daughter. His wife lived until 1876, and proved one of the richest treasures ever given to him. A noble woman, she deserved what she received, — the affections of all the people of Lamington Church. On the recom- mendation of Rev. Dr. Brownlee, the young preacher came to Lamington Church as a canditate, was at once " called," and is yet there. In all that long pastorate of fifty-four years a word of suggestion that a better pastor or preacher could be secured has not been known to have been uttered. The record is yet uncompleted, but it is as bright as the sun and clear as crystal, and will stand when nations perish. The doctor has given two sons to the ministry, — G-eorge M. and I. Alstyne, — and a third one, deceased," was in course of preparation. BBDMINSTEK EMFORMED DUTCH CHURCH. Bedminster was originally an outpost of Raritan, and the necessity of a church there grew out of the settlement of certain families of influence in that vicinity. We may mention Jacobus and Peter Van Derveer, Mathew Lane, Guisbert Sutphin, and others as among these families. The first record having ref- erence to this church is found in the book of minutes belonging to the church at Raritan, and is dated Dec, 25, 1758. It is in the handwriting of J. R. Harden- burgh, and recites that at a meeting of the Consis- tories of North Branch, Neshanic, Bedminster, Mill- stone, and Raritan, at the house of J. R. Hardenburgh in Somerville, Dominies Leydt and Hardenburgh, " a proponent,'' being present, Elders Jacob Banta and Jacob Van Derveer, and Deacons Rynier Van Neste and Cortelius Lane were chosen as overseers for the first time in the congregation of Bedminster. This, then, is the first Consistory, and properly the organi- zation of this church. The next is dated Dsc. 13, 1759, and fixes a line between Bedminster and Raritan, stated to be the lane or line running east and west between Paulus Auten and Hendrick Van Arsdalen, provided the persons on either side were willing to go to Bedminster or Raritan respectively. June 24, 1759, Frederick Banta was appointed a " helper." Nov. 25, 1761, at a meeting of the Consistory, Johannes Haas and Jan Voorhees were admitted on confession of their faith, and Matthew Lane by cer- tificate. March 8, 1762, Jacob Van Derveer was continued as elder, and John Voorhees chosen deacon in the place of Rynier Van Neste. Dec. 31, 1764, Maria Folkerson, wife of Folkert, Maria Woertman, wife of Jan, and Catherine Bordt, wife of N. N., were admitted on confession of faith, and were baptized April 1st. We have gathered these items from the minute-book of the Raritan Church, in the handwrit- ing of Dr. Hardenburgh. •720 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. There are no records which enable us to determine when the first house of worship was built, but it was probably commenced that same year, or the next at furthest, making its date 1759 or 1760* It was built upon land donated by Jacobus Van Derveer. It was of wood, and stood, facing south, on the ground occu- pied by the present church. The front door was directly opposite the pulpit, and the galleries were in the two ends. It was longer in front than in depth, never painted, but had a board ceiling and pews, and in general appearance resembled the old church at Eeadington, after which it was probably patterned. It stood until 1816, when it was removed to make way for a new building. The register of baptisms dates from Nov. 15, 1801, when the ministry of John Schureman began. The first infant baptized was Jane, daughter of Peter Lane. The history of the church is involved in that of the church of Earitan from its first organization, in 1758, to the close of the ministry of Theodore F. Eomeyn. It had a third of the services of Dr. Hardenburgh, as well as of Eomeyn, during the period extending to 1787. Then Eev. John Duryea supplied, in connec- tion with the First Church of Earitan, up to 1800. f But the days of its pupilage were now ended. It had grown into prosperity, and felt the developing ener- gies of mature life. It determined to have a pastor of its own, and John Schureman, a native of New Brunswick and graduate of Queen's College, was called Nov. 13, 1800. He served the church faith- fully for six and a half years, — then went to Mill- stone; he died in 1818, regretted by all who knew him. His dismission is dated May 25, 1807. In July, 1808, Charles Hardenbergh was called from Warwick, N. Y., and served until May, 1820. He did a great work in Bedminster ; a new church was built in 1817 and 1818, a classical school founded, and the cause of education generally encouraged and elevated. Mr. Hardenburgh was succeeded in 1821 by Isaac M. Fisher, who was followed in 1840 by George Schenck;t he was succeeded, in September, 1852, by Eev. William Brush, who served thirteen years, and resigned December, 1865. Rev. Charles H. Pool was installed in July, 1866, * About 1758 or 1759 a meeting waa called for the purpose of locating the church site. A committee was appointed to select suitable grounds, and it was also given power to build the church. Jacobus Van Derveer offered tu give half of the oak timber, 2 acres, and £50 sterling. Guisbert Sutphin tendered 2 acres, where the Larger Cross-Eoads school-house is now located, half the oak timber for the frame, and £50 sterling, the timber and money to be given, no matter where the church stood. t The following record is taken from Liber A, p. 214, county clerk's office: ** The Church of Bedminster incorporated Sept. 12, 1791. John Dui^ea Minister; John Voorhees, Elder ; Cornelius Powelson, Elder ; Aaron Van Boren, Elder ; Matthisii Lane, Sr., Elder ; Stephen Hunt, Deacon ; Philip 1'. Van Arsdalen, Deacon ; Philip H. Van Arsdalen, Deacon. " Received for record Nov. 14, 1791. " Fred. J. Fbelinghuyben, Olerky X The following is the inscription on his tomb : " Sacred to the memory of Eev. George Schenck, born January 27th, 1816, died July 7th, 1852. He was pastor of this church eleven years." and remained until 1875, when he was succeeded by the Eev. John L. McNair, still in charge. The church has at present 100 families, 230 com- municants, and a Sunday-school of 170 pupils. There has been raised during the past year for religious and benevolent purposes, $631 ; for congregational, $1370. THE EEPOKMBD DUTCH GHUKCH OF PBAPACK was organized by a committee appointed Oct. 3, 1848, by the Classis of New Brunswick, at the request of the Eev. George Schenck, of Bedminster, and the people in the village of Feapack, in the lecture-room, built some years previously. There were received 31 from the church of Bedminster ; foiir from the Presbyterian Church of Lamington, and one from the Congrega- tional Church at Chester. Jacob Tiger, Peter De Mott, Abraham Cortelyou, and Nicholas Tiger, elders, and Henry H. WyckofT, James S. Todd, John S. Te- tinty, and Jacob A. Clawson, deacons, formed the first Consistory. The corner-stone of the church edifice was laid, July 10, 1849, amid a large concourse of people, and addresses were made by Eevs. J. W. Chambers, Dr. Messier, J. K. Campbell, and George Schenck. The Eev. J. F. Morris, Messrs. Williamson, Stoutenbergh, Johnson, and Oakley were present, with the pastor of the church, the Eev. William Anderson. Jan. 15, 1850, the church was dedicated. The pulpit was oc- cupied by Eev. Messrs. J. K. Campbell, George Schenck, D. D. Demarest, and J. M. Knox. The pas- tor presided, Eev. J. K. Campbell offered the prayer, Eev. D. D. Demarest preached the sermon, Eev. Geo. Schenck ofiered the dedicatory prayer, and Eev. J. M. Knox the concluding prayer. Eev. William An- derson served from its organization until 1856, and was succeeded in 1857 by Eev. Henry P. Thompson. In 1872 the church was enlarged at a cost of $4500, and reopened November 21st of that year. After a few months' occupancy it was burned, June 5, 1873. The church immediately proceeded to erect a new edifice ; services were held in the lecture-room during the interim. The structure, with furniture, cost $13,000. A bell was soon afterwards obtained for $500. The dedication took place Jan. 8, 1874, the prayer being offered by the Eev. H. P. Thompson, the recent pastor, and the sermon by the Eev. Dr. Edgar Easton. The Eev. James Le Fevre, Charles H. Pool, and the Eev. Mr. Mead, of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Peapack, assisted. In the spring of 1874 a call was extended to the Eev. Charles T. Anderson. He accepted, and was installed June 17th, same year. Mr. Anderson is still in charge of the congre- gation.g The church has 124 families, 194 communi- cants. During the past year $106.50 has been raised for religious and benevolent purposes, and $1439.19 for congregational. A Sunday-school having 125 pupils is connected with the church. g He is a native of Pennsylvania, a graduate of the College of New Jersey and Princeton Seminary, and was ordained in May, 1873, by the Presbytery of Philadelphia. BEDMINSTEK. 721 THE KEFOBMED CHUECH OF POTTERS VI LLE.* The inhabitants of Pottersville had no church within a convenient distance, and Sering Potter, the proprietor of the mills to which the village owes its existence, felt the deprivation to which all were sub- jected, and with, his sons and others moved in the matter of organizing a church. The first meeting was held in the district school-house, Oct. 9, 1865. A memorial, dated Oct. 10, 1865, was presented to Classis at their stated autumnal session in the Third church of Earitan. The petition was granted, and a com- mittee consisting of Rev. P. M. Doolittle, Rev. Dr. A. Messier, Rev. William Brush, Rev. H. P. Thomp- son, and the elder Isaac Crater and Zachariah L. Smith, were appointed to perfect the organization. The committee met in the school-house at Potters- ville, Nov. 2, 1865. A sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Messier ; certificates of church membership were presented from 27 individuals, embracing 9 from the Presbyterian Church, 7 from the Reformed Church, 6 from the Methodist Church, 3 from the Congrega- tional Church, and 2 from the Lutheran Church. The first Consistory was composed of Sering Potter, Thomas Fritts, and Martin Rhinehart, elders, and Joseph Emmons, Alexander McDoiigal, and Edmund P. Potter, deacons. Supplies were appointed by the Classis, and religious services were thenceforth regu- larly held in the school-house. The corner-stone of the church edifice was laid May 22, 1866, it being finished and dedicated Dec. 26, 1866. The cost was $8552.28. The call of the first pastor, Thomas W. Jones, a licentiate from the seminary at New Brunswick, bears date May 31, 1867. He resigned and removed to Amsterdam, N. Y., in 1870. The call of the second pastor, Vernon B. Car- roll, is dated May 25, 1871. He was also a licentiate from the seminary at New Brunswick. He remained until about 1875, and was succeeded by the Rev. Wil- liam H. HoflFman, who is still the pastor. The church includes 82 families, with 126 members. The Sunday- school numbers 120 scholars. The amount raised during the past year for congregational purposes was ) ; for religious and benevolent, $33.67. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF PEAPACK. Early in 1838 that portion of the Methodists in the neighborhood of Peapack united in an organization as above named. April 4, 1838, a plot of land con- taining half an acre was donated by John Philhower as a site for an edifice. A meeting was held at the house of James Melick, March 27, 1839, for the pur- pose of electing trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church Society who were intending to build a house of worship in Peapack. Rev. Abraham Gearhart was chosen chairman, Robert A. Craig secretary. The following persons were chosen: James Melick, Robert A. Craig, John Philhower, Tunis Cole, Philip D. Lawrence, Peter Howe, William Greendike. This * From "Memorial Notes," Dr. A. Messier. action was filed in the clerk's office in Somerville in April of the same year. Subscriptions were obtained, and an edifice erected in 1839. This building an- swered all purposes until about 1859, when it was remodeled and enlarged to its present capacity. A parsonage lot and land for a cemetery were purchased, and a parsonage erected. This church is in the same charge with that at Chester; the united membership is 154. The pastors who have presided are nearly as follows : Abraham Gearhart, Edward Hance, William A. Perry, Richard Van Horn, Peter D. Day, Abram Owen, Charles E. Hill, Charles La Rue, John S. Coit, Jonathan B. Heward, Thomas T. Campfield, David Walters, Thomas Rawlings, Abram Palmer, Jacob P. Fort, Samuel Morris, Edward M. Griffiths, W. H. Haggerty, Joshua Mead, James H. Runyan, James N. Keyes, and Isaac Thomas, present incumbent. THE PRESBTTEEIAN CHURCH OF PLUGKAMINf is an offshoot from the Reformed Church of Bedmin- ster. The inhabitants of this vicinity, having long desired more convenient church privileges, at length regularly petitioned the Classis of New Brunswick, in whose bounds they were, to organize them into a Reformed Dutch Church. Their petition, with 81 names, was presented to the Classis at Griggstown, in October, 1850. It met with opposition, and a com- mittee was appointed to visit the ground and try to arrange the matter. At a subsequent meeting of the Classis, at New Brunswick, in November, 1850, the committee reported, and no satisfactory arrangement having been made, the people of Pluckamin, through their commissioners, renewed their application for organization. The matter was postponed until the April meeting of Classis. The people, however, having constitutionally obtained a special meeting of Classis at Branchville, in February, 1851, to consider the matter, again renewed their application, but the Classis declined taking up the subject; whereupon the application was finally withdrawn. Having already determined that if their efforts failed they would seek to be organized as a Presbyte- rian Church, they appeared through their commis- sioners before a meeting of the Presbytery of Eliza- bethtown, Feb. 25, 1851, and petitioned to be organ- ized into a Presbyterian Church. The Presbytery, after much deliberation, resolved to grant their peti- tion, and appointed a committee consisting of Revs. W. W. Blauvelt, Williamson, and James T. English, and Elders Benjamin McDowell and William Annin, to organize a Presbyterian Church in the village of Pluckamin on the second Tuesday of March. On the day appointed, after suitable preparatory services, 39 persons were received on certificate from other churches. Four of these were unanimously elected ruling elders. On the same day a board of seven trus- tees was elected, and the organization of the church completed. No deacons were appointed. Before any •f- By Bev. Samuel Parry. 722 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. organization had been obtained or application for a separate organization made, decided measures bad been taken for building a bouse of worship, and large and liberal subscriptions had been made by the people for that purpose. Here it may not be unin- teresting to record the fact that nearly one hundred years before the organization of this church the Ger- man Lutherans had erected a church edifice on the same piece of ground. This property was purchased by the trustees of the Presbyterian Church. They also bought an adjoining lot with a small church on it, erected by the Methodists in 1832, and also a small strip adjoining that. On this lot, having removed the Methodist building (which is now our neat and commodious public school-house) the people assem- bled July 8, 1851, to lay the corner-stone of their church edifice. A brief statement of the history of the church was read by Eev. William A. McDowell, D.D., who then proceeded to lay the corner-stone. Feb. 3, 1852, the church was dedicated. Sixteen more persons were received into the church by certifi- cate, 1 on profession. Sept 20, 1851, and 1 April 10, 1852 ; 11 more were received by certificate, and 14 on profession, making a total of 81 members with which to begin the second year. There have been received up to November, 1880, 559 members, of whom 195 who have not removed their certificates are still living. The number of resident members last re- ported to Presbytery, April 1, 1880, is 160. The largest number of communicants received in any one year since the beginning was in 1870, during Mr. Carter's ministry, when 79 were received, 63 on pro- fession. The total number of infants baptized is 287. The pastors of this church and the time of their pastorates have been : Rev. James Petrie, 1852 to Oc- tober 1856; Bev. F. F. Cornell, DD.,* January, 1857, to January, 1863 ; Bev. Thomas Carter, May, 1863, to November, 1872 ; Eev. Samuel Parry, April 30, 1873. The list of elders is as follows: John Van Zandt, Francis Hastings, Peter Garretson,! John Coll- yer,t ordained second Tuesday of March, 1851 ; Elias Brown,^ Abraham Powelson, ordained March 5, 1854 ; John McCuUough, John S. Felmley,|| Jacob V. D. Powelson, ordained Feb. 22, 1857 ; Charles Suydam, Jacob T. Wortman, John C. Bergen,1[ Paul V. Tuni- son, ordained March 3, 1861. June 14, 1873, the plan of term service in the elder- ship was unanimously adopted. Three elders are an- nually elected to serve for the term of two years. Since then the following elders have been elected and installed into oflBce : James G. Kline, Abraham V. Wortman, William L. Lyon, June 29, 1872 ; Philip I. Yan Arsdale, Abraham Powelson, Jacob T. Wort- man, March 29, 1874; John McCullough, James G. * Died Aug. 7, 1875. t Died Not. 24, 1851, aged fifty-four. I Died Jan. 5, 1865, aged eighty-three, g Died Feh. 6, 1867, aged Beventy-flTe. II Died May 1, 1860, aged forty-three. U Died March 16, 1864. Kline, William L. Lyon, April 4, 1875 ; T. V. Van Arsdale, J. V. D. Powelson, Jacob T. Wortman, April 2, 1876; James Brown, Daniel S. Doty, Abraham Powelson, April 1, 1877 ; J. V. D. Powelson, Jacob T.. Wortman, T. V. Van Arsdalen, April 7, 1878; Daniel S. Doty, William L. Lyon, Abraham V. Wortman, April 6, 1879; Abraham Powelson, Jacob V. D. Pow- elson, Jacob T. Wortman, April 4, 1880. Organizations that had a brief existence were the Methodist Church at Pluckamin, Baptist at Larger Cross-Boads, and Christian Association at Peapack. Jeremiah Conover obtained permission in 1831 to erect a Methodist church building on the lot owned by St. Paul's Lutheran Church. He was the only member who lived in the village. Preaching was occasional, members were few, and no minister was ever settled over the church. About 1850 the building was sold, and it is now used as a school-house. A Baptist Society was organized at Larger Cross- Boads, and a church edifice erected about 1850. Preaching was held by missionary labors only. This church was afterwards occasionally used by the Meth- odists ; it finally fell into disuse, and was sold, taken down, and removed to Chester, Morris Co. The Bap- tists for a short time after the close of the church of the " Christian Society" at Peapack used that build- ing. The Bev. William Shrope received a call in 1850, and commenced his labors April 1, 1850, and remained a year or two. Since that time no stated preaching has been held in the township by that denomination. May 10, 1853, Pethuel Mason, of the Baptist Church of Somerville, was appointed by the Association to visit the Bedminster Baptist Church. He reported that "he found them much embarrassed in pecuniary matters, house closed, no preaching, and in a very unfavorable state." Jan. 11, 1838, a meeting was held at the house of Moses Craig, in Peapack, and the following trustees elected : Abraham Wortman, Philip D. Lawrence, Stephen Bush, David Apgar, Moses Craig, John Je- roleman, and Hugh Bunyan, Jr. These persons cer- tified that they had taken upon themselves the name of " Free Christian Society." A stone church was erected on the west side of the Main Street, and ser- vices were conducted by the Bev. Moses Cummings, Austin Craig, and others for a year or two, then discontinued. The building was afterwards used for services by the Baptists for a time, and these also were discontinued. The building is still standing, occupied as a store and dwelling. BURIAL-PLACES. THE L.^MINGTON OHUBCHTAED is doubtless the oldest cemetery in the township. The land was deeded to the Presbyterian Church of Lam- ington in March, 1743, by James Alexander and Daniel D. Dunstar, who were the original purchasers of a large tract where Lamington now stands. The BEDMINSTER. 723' church, however, was built before this time, and burials had beeu made in the grounds. The first of which any record is extant was that of Hephzibah, wife of William Jones, who died in 1740. Elizabeth, wife of Isaac Ross, is recorded as having died June 2, 1741, aged twenty-nine. The following names and dates are given as among the many found there: Elizabeth, wife of William Hamlin, July 4, 1746, aged thirty-three ; Ann, wife of Eichard Porter, Sept. 7, 1747, thirty-one ; Bryan Lefferty, Esq., 1749, sixty- four ; John Craig, May 23, 1753, sixty-five ; Hugh Gaston, Sr., Dec. 23, 1772, eighty-five ; Hugh Gaston, Jr., June 25, 1808, seventy-five; Moses Craig, July 31, 1775, seventy-five ; Dr. Aaron Craig, Aug. 31, 1785, thirty-seven ; Robert Craig, 1797, sixty -three ; Samuel Barclay, January, 1750 ; William Ker and Catharine, his wife, 1777 ; Ephraim McDowell, March 2, 1762, seventy-four. One inscription reads : " Here lies wliat could die of Capt. Thomas Weir, of the Bucks Couuty militia, who departed this life 26th Jan'y, 1777, aged 35 years." Capt. John McCarter, Oct. 14, 1777, sixty -three, and Margaret, his wife, 1769, forty-five ; Michael D. Henry, '' counselor-at-law in the city of New York," May 2, 1799, thirty-nine; "David Henry, January, 1783,fi%-five; John Lefierty, 1776, thirty-five ; Eliza- beth, his wife, and daughter of the Rev. Thomas Jones, 1772, twenty -six; Catharine, wife of Maj. Eichard McDonald, July 23, 1813, seventy-nine. The families of Linn, Porter, McKinstry, Trap- hagen, Henry, and many others are buried here. Here also, side by side, each covered by a broad marble slab, lie the remains of two of the former pastors of the church, — the Eev. James McCrea and the Eev. Jeremiah Halsey. A little way to the north- east rests another, the Eev. William Boyd. The inscriptions are here given : " Here lies the Body of the Bev. James McCrea, who departed this life • May the 10th, 1769, in the 59th year of his age. " To rouse the sleeping sinner's fears Thy mouth did faithfully proclaim The Terrors dire from Sinai's Mount In Great Jehovah's awful name. " With weeping eyes and melting heart Thy Master's love thou didst declare, With Gospel cords to draw the Soul Christ's sweet and gracious calls to hear. " A Friend sincere, of generous mind, A husband kind, and parent good, A minister of fervent zeal. To bring the people home to God. " And, having trod thy Master's path. The cross is past, the crown is won. The flght is fought, and by Ohiist's blood And Spirit thou hast overcome," "Here lies the Body of the Rev. Jeremiah Halsey, who was for some years Eldest Tutor in the College of New Jersey, and afterwards Pastor of this church ; and departed this life 2nd Oct., 1780, aged nearly it years. " The Friend, the Scholar, Christian and Divine, The faithful Pastor and the Husband Kind, The Honest lover of both church and State Did all in thee unite and make thee great. We hope to Regions of the purest Love Thy Soul is gone to dwell with God above. Where perfect holy growing Life and Light Doth ever fill the mind with fresh delight." " In memory of the Rev. Wm. Boyd, who died May 17th, 1810, in the 49th year of his age. " By his death society has lost an invaluable member, religion one of its brightest ornaments and most amiable examples. His genius was masterly and his literature extensive. His judgment waa strong and penetrating, his taste correct, his style nervpus and elegant. In the pul- pit he was a model, in the judicature of the church distinguished by his accuracy and precision. As a companion interesting, as a husband affec- tionate, and as a parent indulgent. "After a life devoted to his Master's service he rested from his labora lamented most by those who best knew his work." THE CEMETERY AT BEDMINSTER. The land for the church and cemetery at this place was donated by Jacobus or Jacob Van Derveer. The first burial in the plot was that of his own wife, Phebe Ditmars, who died Sept. 11, 1759, aged fifty-three. Her grave is in the southeast corner of the yard, and is the only one of any member of the family buried in this part of the grounds, her husband having ex- changed lots with Guisbert Sutphin soon after her death. East of the church lie buried side by side Guisbert Sutphin and his wife, Areantje; he died Nov. 16, 1796, aged seventy-six; she died May 31, 1788, aged sixty-eight. Around them are several of their descendants. Near the northeast corner of the church rests Eobert Blair, Esq., who died Feb. 8, 1800, aged fifty-one ; Sarah, wife of Peter Wortman, and daughter of John Van Nest, who died in 1771, aged thirty; Margaret, the wife of Eichard McDonald, Aug. 16, 1773, aged thirty-six; Margaret, wife of Stephen Hunt, Sept. 2, 1769. In 1763, Eachel Long- street, the wife of William Van Doren, was buried in this part of the ground. Directly west of the church are the graves of the Van Derveers. An incident con- nected with this portion of the ground is worthy of a place here : "Jacob Van Derveer had a daughter who became insane and died. Though this old man had given every inch of ground for the church and burying-ground, so strong were the superstitions of some of the church elders that, on account of her infirmity, they actually refused him the right of burying his unfortunate child within the inclosure, and he was compelled to make her grave outside the fence. Afterwards, while the army lay encamped in the vicinity, Gen. Knox lost an infant daughter, and, as he wsa a New England man and held to Congregational doc- trines, the same prejudices which excluded Jacob Van Derveer's daugh- ter a burial-place refused the right of sepulture to the child of this brave ofBcer who had bared his breast to thousands of bullets and was one of the best heroes of the war. His amiable wife was with him, and their tears fell thick and fast as the thought came up that the Jersey soil which the battle-scarred soldier came to defend refused their little one a grava. Old Jacob Van Derveer's honest cheek blushed scarlet with shame for his church and congregation. He took the veteran by the hand and led him to a little corner of his own land, close by the west side of the church and right at the entrance-gate, near where his own daughter lay outside the fence, and said, with a choking voice, 'Gen'ral Knox, this is,my, ground; bury youi child here.' So there the little one was laid; and a few days since we brushed the autumn leaves away and read on a broad marble tablet level with the earth : "'Under this stone are deposited the remains of Julia Knox, an infant who died the 2d day of July, 1779. She was the daughter of Henry and Lucy Knox, of Boston, in New England.' "After this, Jacob Van Derveer made the church a present of this ground, and the fence was removed, so as to bring in the grave of his 724 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. ^hild and that of Gen. Knox. This strange conduct on the part of these ■church ofBcers is not easily accounted for, as the Dutch Church was al- ways proverbially liberal in its ideas, and the congregations of the Dutch •Churches of New Jersey generally treated those of other denominations with great neighborly kindness and consideration."* The following epitaph occurs among the Van Derveers : "Sacred to the memory of Blias Van Derveer, who died 29th Nov. 1778, in the 33d year of his age. "In consequence of his cruel incarceration while prisoner to the British army, a detachment of which had been expressly sent out for the pui^pose of taking him by surprise, with a few other active and spirited Whigs of the Kevolution in this vicinage." Between the Van Derveers and the church lies a former pastor beneath a marble slab, with the follow- ing inscription upon it : " This Tomb covers the mortal remains of the Rev. Isaac M. Fisher and Margaret C. Blartin his wife, they departed this life ; the former on the 14th of Feb., 1840, aged 44 years, and the latter on the 31st March, 1838, aged 42 years. They died in the hope of the Gospel, whose doc- trines they had adorned by a holj' life. This church enjoyed the faith- ful ministry of their late Pastor for the term of 17 years. He was a preacher of distinguished ability, ardent in his love of the truth, deeply skilled in experimental religion, and eminently successful in winning flouls to Jesus. Tills stone was erected as a grateful tribute to their memory by those who loved them in life and honored them in death. Their best record is on high, and their best monument in the hearts of the people." Near this grave is that of the Eev. George Schenck, pastor from 1840 till his death, July 7, 1852. Near the church also are buried two of the daugh- ters of Dr. and " Juflfrow" Hardenburgh ; Laura, the wife of Michael Lane, July 28, 1785, aged twenty- eight; and Maria, wife of James Van Derveer, March 12, 1789, aged thirty-two. The family of Powelsons occupy the southwest corner of the yard, the Van Arsdale the northwest, and in other parts of the grounds are the families of Conover, Nevius, Vroom, Voorhees, Van Doren, Melick, Demott, Tiger, Wolf, Wyckoff, and many others. At the extreme north side is the grave of Maj. John Todd, a Eevolutionary officer, who died Sept. 4, 1820. THE CEMETEET AT PLUCKAMIN. When St. Paul's Lutheran Church was organized, in 1756, as a part of Zion's Church, of New German- town, the land for a building and cemetery was do- nated by Jacob Eoff. Many burials were made in this ground, but the hands of desecrating vandals of later days have left their mark, and few are the stones that now mark the resting-spot of those who were active in the stirring events of that time of a century ago. The Presbyterian church at Pluckamin is built on the site of the old one ; a few graves are marked north of it. The family of Castners are buried there, eight in number, from 1780 to 1801. Robert Eoff and wife, in 1775 ; Eichard Eoflf, in 1814. Other dates are John Melick, died Nov. 16, 1763, aged sixty-one; Catharine Melick, Oct. 17, 1763, sixty-four; Mary Magdalena, wife of Jacob Eoff, Nov. 11, 1761, fifty- seven ; Aaron Melick, April 7, 1809, eighty- three ; * Jacob Magill. Charlotte, his wife, 1802, sixty-seven; Elizabeth Melick, May 14, 1768; Margaret Melick, Sept. 10, 1807. One brown stone bears three inscriptions, as fol- lows: " In memory of John Weygand, who died Feb. 3, 1782, aged 26 years, of Hannah wife of Dr. Thos. Chrystie, who died Aug., 1782, aged 30 years, and of Elizabeth Weygand, who died Feb., 1783, aged 18 years." The Eev. John Weygand was pastor of Zion Church in 1749. It is not known whether John and Elizabeth Weygand were of his family or not. The following Eevolutionary incident will be of interest to many, as in this old cemetery the gallant young officer is buried : A plain monument marks the spot in the Pluckamin graveyard if " In memory of the Hon. Captain William Leslie, of the 17th British Regiment, son of the Earl of Leven, in Scotland. He fell January 3, 1777, aged twenty-six years, at the battle of Princeton. His friend, Benjamin Rush, M.D., of Philadelphia, hath caused this stone to be erected as a mark of his esteem for his worth and respect for his noble family." The ground south and east of the church is full of graves of the ancient dead, but many of the stones that bear the names and dates of death and mark the place of the burial now form the pavement of a cellar. A blacksmith-shop and a stable stand upon' the spot once sacred to the memory of the dead. On the west side of the road from Lesser Cross- Eoads to Peapack, before the latter village is entered, on a knoll now owned by Watson 0. Allen, there was a burial-place seventy years ago, but nothing of it now remains. On tlie west side of the road, a short distance north of the Eeformed church at Peapack, on land now owned by Ellis Tiger, there was also a burial-place, in which monuments were standing as late as 1812, but of which nothing now remains. The land donated for the Methodist church in 1838 at Peapack was also used for a burial-place; likewise that around the Eeformed church at Peapack. The first burial in this ground was that of Mrs. Barnabas Horton, who was interred there before the church was completed, in January, 1850. In 1875 four acres were purchased of Elias Phil- hower and William Hilliard on an elevated spot in the upper part of the village for a "union cemetery." The grounds were handsomely laid out, and many re- mains were removed from the other burial-places and deposited in the new ground. The Jeroleman family burying-ground is in the centre of the village. The Lane family burying-ground is situated about half a mile west of Van Vliet's Mills. The following are a few buried here: Matthew Lane, Sr., died Jan. 17, t See p. 59 of this volume. BEDMINSTER. 725 1804, aged eighty-three ; Matthew Lane, Jr., Nov. 7, 1819, seventy-three ; Peter Lane, Sept. 19, 1819, fifty- five ; Matthew P. Lane, March 3, 1870, eighty-one. The cemetery of the Preshy terian Church at Pluok- amin is situated southeast from the village, on the Washington Valley road. It was purchased by the society shortly after its organization, in 1851. A short distance north of the Lesser Oross-Eoads is a plot of land, containing about half an acre, that was used years ago for the burial of colored people who were slaves. About 1873. an acre of land was pur- chased southeast of Lamington as a burial-place for colored people. THE PEESBTTEEIAN CEMETEET. Soon after the church was organized 1.15 acres was purchased of Elias Brown, Esq., situated on the south side of the road leading to Washington Valley, for cemetery purposes. It was laid out April 1, 1851, and contains 220 lots 9 by 20 feet, and 22 lots 9 by 12 feet. The first interment was of a little child of David Dawson, who died April 1, 1851, and is buried near the entrance. The cemetery is under the control of the trustees of the church. In 1879 considerable im- provement was made in its condition. An efibrt is now being made to keep a complete record of every interment, so that every grave may be known, whether marked by a headstone or not. SOLOMON'S LODGE, No. 1, P. AND A. M. At some time in 1767 a warrant was issued by the Provincial Grand Lodge of the State of Pennsylvania for a lodge at Basking Ridge, N. J., to be known as No. 10 on the Pennsylvania registry. The precise time and the names of the individuals cannot be as- certained, as the records of the Grand Lodge of that State were lost or destroyed prior to the Eevolution. The number is found on the registry of Pennsylvania, and is there mentioned as a lodge located at Basking Eidge, N. J. March 26, 1781, inquiry was made at the Grand Lodge concerning this warrant, and it was said to have been seen in the possession of Dr. Blatch- ley. This was doubtless the same person who signed the agreement by which the Grand Lodge was con- stituted. It was then signed by him as Ebenezer Blatchley, Jr., Past Master of Lodge No. 10. It must have been in successful operation at that time, as the agreement spoken of was signed by more members of that lodge than of any other. The names of two Past Masters, Worthy Master, Wardens, Deacons, and 16 other members of Lodge No. 10 were attached to it. In the proceedings at the organization of the Grand Lodge of New Jersey, Dec. 18, 1786, mention is made of the " Lodge of Bedminster," which is undoubtedly the same, and by a general consent No. 1 was assigned to this lodge, April 7, 1787. It was first known and designated as "Somerset Lodge, No. 1," and soon afterwards changed to "Solomon's Lodge, No. 1." It became migratory; meetings were held at Bed- minster, Somerville, Bound Brook, and Millstone, and it expired about 1880. At the November session of 1829 a communication from this lodge was read to the Grand Lodge, then in session at Trenton, stating a wish to resign the war- rant, reserving the privilege of retaining its number and of being taken up at some other period of timcv This privilege was not granted, but they were in- formed that the surrender of their warrant would be accepted if made in the usual manner. The names of the representatives to the Grand Lodge resident of Bedminster were Eobert Gaston, 1786 ; William Mc- Kissack, 1787 ; James Henry, 1787; George McDonald, 1792; Aaron Boylan, 1806; Henry Suydam, 1811; Peter Van Doren, 1817. POST-OFFICES. The first in the township was established at Pluck- amin. Matthew Lane was first postmaster. ' He was succeeded by Jacob Losey (who held the position about forty-five years), John Van Zandt, J. D. Pot- ter, David H. Wortman, and James Brown, Jr., present incumbent. Lamington office has been conducted by John Skill- man and Abram K. Hutton; that of Peapack, by William A. Van Doren, Elias J. Lawrence, and Amos T. Foster, who is still the postmaster, having held the position fifteen years. Lesser Cross-Eoads office was established about 1800. Jacob Van Doren was postmaster about eighteen years, and was succeeded by Capt. Joseph Nevius. Corne- lius W. Schomp, Dr. Staats Woodruff, Nicholas Ar- rowsmith, Martin Bunn, William C. Joroleman, Elias T. Wood, and the present incumbent, Martin Bunh. The office at Pottersville was established very early. Sering Potter was the first postmaster, and the only one for about fifty years. He was succeeded by Elias Bartles, who still holds the position. MILITARY. Many things that are of particular interest to the people of the township of Bedminster will be found in the Eevolutionary chapter of the general history of this work. The rosters of the companies formed for that struggle have not been found. Below is given that of one raised for the war of 1812 : " A list of the names of all the persons belonging to the Second Com- pany of the First Battalion of the Second Eegiment of Somerset Bri- gade : John Logan, Captain; John Tiger, Lieutenant; John Craig, John Wolfe, John Arrowsmith, Daniel Todd, Sergeants ; John Mizner, Oharlea Lj-on, Aaron Craig, John Mullen, Corporals; Dafld Ammerman, Jr., Albert Ammerman, Samuel Todd, Jr., Andrew Todd, John Phenix, Cor- nelius Willitt, Isaac Willitt, Conrad Hardy, Francis V. Hagaman, Simon Hagaman, Jr., David Hagaman, William Hagaman, Ames Dunham, Simon Vleet, Andrew Auble, John Bunck, Peter Case, William J. Todd,. Benjamin Arrowsmith, Jr., Abraham Van Dike, Abraham Hoagland, Isaac Voorhis; Jacob Voorheea, Jr., David Van Nest, Shepherd McCoy, Nicholas .Ditmars, Eobert T. Craig, William J. Van Dorn, Jacob Allen, Peter Dorn, James Johnston, Jacob Wolfe, William A. Van Dorn, Isaac Van Dorn, Aaron Van Dorn, Jr., William Irwine, Peter Demont, .Jacob. Tiger, Jr., Peter Tiger, Abraham Smith, Cornelius T. Bowman, Heniy V.°Voorhees, James Voorheea, Jr., Cornelius Wolfe, Jeremiah Dunn,. Cornelius McCloe, Gilbert Van Dorn, Benjamin S. Brown, Jacob Van Y26 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. DorD, William Biirvis, Lewie 0. Voorhees, William Todd, Jr., William Hone}'man, Andrew Ammerman, William Ammerman, Samuel Lock- bart. "The persons below named have performed a tour of duty already: John Tiger, Lieutenant ; John Mizner, CJoi-poral ; John Willett, John Mullen, Lewis Chapman. " Persons named below are now on a tour of duty: John Logan, Cap- tain ; Jacob Tiger, John Devore, Jr., Joseph Van Horn, Albert Ammer. man. Privates. " September 8th, 1814. "James "WoheE, Sergeant, " By me, John Logan, Captain" The following is an account of proceedings of tlie town committee during the war of the Rebellion in reference to raising money for volunteers. Special town-meeting September, 1862 : " It was voted unanimouBly to sustain the action of the chosen free- holders of Somerset County in their action in regard to paying bounty." Aug. 27, 1863, it was voted to raise a bounty of $300 for each man who entered the service of the United States, whether as a volunteer or as drafted ; also that the money for 1863 be raised by assessment. Dec. 28, 1863, it was voted that the town committee be empowered to raise town bonds for the money, payable Jan. 1, 1865. May 30, 1864, voted that each person enrolled, liable to military duty, pay to the collector $10 ; all persons refusing are not entitled to $300 in case of draft. It was voted Oct. 9, 1864, to pay a bounty of $800, and Jan. 7, 1865, to pay for three-years' men $600, two-years' men $500, and one year men $400. The final account of committee re- ported of moneys raised as follows : For the draft of June, 1864, $10,377.52; September, 1864, $33,256.22; ball of Dec. 19, 1864, $21,346.52; total, $64,980.26. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. REV. WILLIAM A. McDOWELL, D.D. The McDowells of this family trace their ances- tors back to Ireland, and thence to Scotland. Hence they were properly Scotch-Irish, and are believed to i.ave been among those numerous Presbyterians who passed over to Ireland to escape the oppressive Act of Uniformity passed in the reign of Charles II. The first ancestor who emigrated to America was Ephraim McDowell, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch. William Anderson McDowell was born in Bedmin- ster, Somerset Co., N. J., on the 15th of May, 1789. He was a son of Matthew and Elizabeth (Anderson) McDowell, whose parents had settled in Bedminster, whither they came from Long Island (?) as early as 1767. His older brother, Eev. John McDowell, D.D., was also born in Bedminster, on the McDowell estate, and received his first impulse towards that distinction in scholarship and in the ministry which he attained from his rudimentary lessons at the grammar school .taught in the neighborhood by Eev. Mr. Hannah. At this or a similar school at Lamington William also began his preparatory course for college, and at Elizabethtown was so far advanced in his studies that he entered the Junior Class at Princeton in 1807, and graduated in 1809, having throughout his whole course maintained a superior standing both for scholarship and deportment. In the spring of 1810, as his brother had done before him, he placed himself under the tui- tion of Rev. Dr. WoodhuU, of Freehold, as a student in theology, and in June of that year became a candi- date for the ministry. In November, 1810, he became a tutor in Princeton College, and continued in that relation till September of the next year, pursuing his theological studies meantime under the instruc- tion of Rev. Dr. Stanhope Smith, then president of the college. His health having become delicate, he resolved to try the effect of a Southern climate, and in November sailed for Savannah, the residence of Eev. Dr. KoUock, whose sister he afterwards married. Under the direction of this eloquent divine, he re- sumed his theological studies, and, returning after a time to Princeton, was the fifth on the catalogue of the first class in the theological school of that place, which his brother, Eev. Dr. John McDowell, did so much towards founding and placing on a firm basis, and which has since become so famous an institution throughout the Christian world. Mr. McDowell continued his connection with the seminary until May, 1813, having been licensed to preach in April preceding by the Presbytery of New Brunswick. He was ordained and installed pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Bound Brook on the 22d of December following, and about the same time united in marriage with Miss Jane Kollock, daughter of Shepard Kollock, Esq., of Elizabethtown. His con- nection with the church at Bound Brook was dissolved Oct. 19, 1814, and on the 15th of the next December he was installed pastor of the church at Morristown, N. J. He had previously declined a call from the church in Flemington. His ministry at Morristown was alike highly acceptable and highly useful. It was while earnestly laboring here that his health so declined that he was induced to try the experiment of a Southern climate, and made a visit to Charleston, S. C, which resulted in his settlement as pastor in that city in 1823. This was an epoch in his life: his health was in a great measure restored, and his pastorate of ten years eminently successful, during which he did much towards the more thorough organization of the Church South. At the meeting of the General Assembly in 1838 he was appointed Secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church, — a posi- tion which he felt it his duty to accept, although his people in Charleston released him with great regret. This arrangement made the city of Philadelphia henceforth his home for the balance of his life. In the discharge of his duties as secretary his labors were abundant, and he frequently made tours South for the purpose of extending the influence of the board in Shg inj j-JEBiTciu.'^ 'M^a^^-^ S^.U^':l9^rt^eXt^ R E V; "WILLIAM A II ? D Q'S^T^ \ L'.L , D . D , BEDMINSTER. 727 that direction. His wisdom, zeal, and ability, but not his health, were adequate to the task imposed by his office, or rather the task which his own devotion and energy imposed upon him ; for, although he was afflicted with a difficulty of the throat which rendered public speaking exceedingly difficult, and the tax upon his energies was felt to be more and more ex- hausting, it was impossible for one of such a spirit not to work up to the full measure of his ability. The summer of 1850 he spent at his " Retreat" in Bedminster, preaching occasionally as his health would permit, and dividing his time between his pen, his books, and his friends. In the autumn he made his last tour, with his wife, to the South, in hopes that the change of climate might be beneficial to him. It was to some extent ; but soon after his return to New Jer- sey, in May, 1851, he appears to have grown worse, as the following letter, written to his brother, shows : " Retreat, June 18, 1851. " My dear Bkothee,— Tour kind letter of the 12th inst. came by the mail of yesterday. I thank you for it, and will attempt a brief reply. I wrote you not long since, and gave you a full account of the illness ■with which our Heavenly Father has been pleased to visit me. I then expressed the hope that I was better, and was slowly gaining strength ; and I venture to indulge that hope still, though my cough is trouble- some and I continue very weak. The weather has been much against me. It is now quite dry, and rain is much needed ; but it is cold, es- pecially in the mornings and evenings. " The Pluckamin people are going forward with some spirit. They have commenced their church edifice on a lot adjoining the old grave- yard. They build there to avoid covering graves and a threatened law- suit The site is a good one. '• The Lord seems disposed to keep you from stagnating, and for your general good health you owe him much. You have, indeed, a heavy task, but I am persuaded that few others could do it as well as you,* and I rejoice in your good success. That building will remain, after your work on earth is done, as a precious monument to your indefatigable industry and perseverance in the best of causes. May a kind Providence enable you to complete the important enterprise I and when finished, may God, by His Spirit, take up His abode there I It is the presence of the Holy Spirit, and that alone, that can give prosperity to a church. O that we all felt this more deeply than we do 1 We greatly need an unction from the Holy One. " As soon as I am able, I wish to write to your Presbytery and give some account of myself. Although not now within their bounds, I am jiot prepared at present to change my Presbyterial connection. Should my health be restored, I do not expect to spend the winter here, and I know not exactly where I may be. If I have strength to labor I do not expect to be idle. If my health should not be restored, I shall not be in a situation to join any other body. I trust my good brethren of the Pres- bytery will not object to my retaining my present connection until I can see more clearly what God designs for me. " Let me hear from you soon and often, and believe me, " Tour affectionate brother, " William A. McDowell." Dr. McDowell's health continued feeble during the summer, yet in July he officiated in laying the cor- ner-stone of the church at Pluckamin. About the 1st of September he went to Morristown, with a view of placing himself under the care of his former phy- sician, Dr. Johns,, in whom he had great confidence. Even then he was not so ill as to occasion any imme- diate alarm, but he gradually declined until he died from exhaustion, on the 17th of September, 1851. * Eeferring to the rebuilding of the Spring Garden Presbyterian church, Philadelphia. The night before he died he was much engaged in prayer for the church and for the cause of missions, which was especially dear to his heart. His remains were removed to Lamington for interment, and the sermon on the occasion was preached by Rev. W. W. Blauvelt, pastor of the Lamington Church. Dr. McDowell was of a slender form, rather below the medium height. His countenance indicated thoughtful earnestness and purity, and his utterances fulfilled all that his looks foreshadowed. He had a fine, clear, well-balanced intellect, which had been subjected to early judicious training, and had also been kept in careful culture in connection with the great and diversified labors of life. He possessed wonderful transparency of character, and a modesty which shrank from aspiration to high places; was of an amiable and kindly spirit, of admirable discretion, and of an energy of purpose which never faltered in the most difficult enterprises. As a preacher he took high rank, being among the most clear, forcible, prac- tical expounders of truth of his day. In each of the congregations to which he ministered, especially the two last, there were very marked result? from his ministry, not a small number both in Morristown and Charleston being converted under his labors. But the chief monument which he erected was in the hearts and affections of those who knew him best. Every community in which he lived has loved to do him honor, and multitudes still pronounce his name with reverence and gratitude. Rev. John McLean, D.D., president of Princeton College, writes of him, in 1864: " Dr. William A. Mc- Dowell was a favorite pupil of my father, who for many years was professor of mathematics and nat- ural philosophy in the college, and its first teacher in chemistry. During a part of the summer term of 1812 he supplied my father's place in the college as teacher of mathematics, and sustained himself well. In the autumn of that year, if I err not, he entered the theological seminary at Princeton, which had been recently established, the only professor being the late venerable Dr. Archibald Alexander, " At that time, there being no building erected for the seminary, its students were permitted, if they de- sired it, to lodge in the college buildings and use the recitation-rooms, etc. . . . This led to a great inti- macy between the students of the two institutions, and to co-operation in their benevolent efi'orts. In these Dr. (then Mr.) W. A. McDowell took an active part, and at the formation of the Nassau Hall Bible Society he was chosen its first president, and wrote an address setting forth the object for which it was es- tablished. The address was published, with a copy of the constitution as then adopted, and it was probably the first article from his pen that ever appeared in print. This was three years before the founding of the American Bible Society, at the formation of which delegates were present from the Nassau Hall Bible Society. Those familiar with the history of Bible 728 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. agencies in our country know the important services rendered by the Nassau Hall Society in the first efibrts made to supply every destitute family in the State of New Jersey with a copy of the Holy Scriptures. "In 1817, Dr. McDowell was chosen a trustee of this college. In 1824 he resigned his seat in the board, and was elected again the following year. " Dr. McDowell was a man of no ordinary ability ; he was a good scholar and an instructive preacher. Pious, active, cheerful, he was a most agreeable com- panion and an exemplary Christian minister. I might say more, I could not say less.'' A. w. McDowell, m.d. The late Augustus W. McDowell, M.D., of Bed- minster, was a son of Rev. William A. McDowell, D.D., and was born in Morristown, N. J., Dec. 11, 1820. He was prepared for college at the age of twelve years, graduated at Princeton at the age of sixteen, and received his medical degree at nineteen. It was against the college rule to give a diploma to any undergraduate less than twenty-one years old. When asked " What will you say if they ask your age?" he replied, "I will tell the truth." But they did not ask his age. By the removal of his father from Charleston to Philadelphia, in 1833, he was brought into the best opportunities for medical study, which he improved by attending both the summer and winter courses of lectures, and at the same time pursued the study of French. Graduating at the Medical College of Phila- delphia, he established himself at the home of his ancestors in Bedminster, — the " Retreat," — where he carried on a very large medical practice till the break- ing out of the civil war. Dr. McDowell married, Sept. 3, 1844, Anna Maria, daughter of Rev. Enos A. Osborn, a prominent Pres- byterian divine of New Jersey. At the breaking out of the war Dr. McDowell earn- estly espoused the cause of the Union, and entered the service as a surgeon. He served at different times, both as regimental and brigade surgeon, with the rank of major, and in March, 1865, he was bre- vetted colonel " for faithful and meritorious services during the war" by Andrew Johnson and Secretary Stanton. His first medical services rendered were in the Department of the West, where, with two assist- ants, he had charge of the hospital at Ironton, Mo., containing about six hundred patients. At one time the hospital was entirely surrounded by the Confederate Gen. Price and his troops. Gen. Price sent in a flag of truce and demanded their sur- render. Dr. McDowell and his assistants were not ready to give up without doing all they could. The messenger was blindfolded before being brought into their presence, while they, from the convalescent patients, made all the show of force they could, and then, removing the bandage from his eyes, told him to tell Gen. Price if he wanted the place to come and take it. The show of force so deceived the emissary that, upon his report being made to his general, he made his advance with such care and loss of time that the United States troops were reinforced, the property saved, and the retreating Confederate force overtaken and defeated. In this malarious region first both of his assistants and then himself were- stricken with disease ; but he clung to his duty, not only taking all their work upon himself, but the cafe of them also, antil, broken down, he applied for leave- of absence. As soon as he could again return to duty he was placed in charge of the government hospital at Staten Island. With renewed strength he sought more active duty, and became the surgeon of the Sixth Regiment of Hancock's corps of veteran volun- teers, soon to be promoted to brigade surgeon of the same corps. With the renewal of hard service his disease returned upon him and clung to him until death. At the close of the war he was retained by the government for some time at Harrisburg, Pa., for the purpose of disposing of the hospital property at that place. He put the property in such order that he- was afterwards complimented by the government, agents for the highly successful manner in which it was disposed of. While in the army scarcely a day passed in which he did not write a letter home, giving his anxious wife and family many details of each day's progress of the war. These letters, in the pos- session of Mrs. McDowell, would constitute a valuable contribution to the military history of the war of the Rebellion. Dr. McDowell took great interest in the Presby- terian Church at Lamington, of which he was for many years a member and elder. Like his revered father, he was a man of earnest Christian faith and of a devoted, exemplary life. At the celebration of the semi-centennial of the pastorate of Rev. Dr. Blau- velt, in 1876, he delivered the address of congratula- tion, on the part of the congregation, in such a man- ner as to elicit the highest commendation. He took a prominent part in every good word and work con- nected with the church and society, and was a life- long friend of its beloved pastor. Dr. Blauvelt. No man who had not held public office in Somerset County was more widely known or more highly re- spected than Dr. McDowell. Dr. McDowell was a historian. He treasured up every scrap of local history that was ever told him. or put in print. Next to Judge Ralph Voorhees, the octogenarian chronicler, he had, perhaps, the best-in- formed mind on local matters of a hundred years ago- of any one in this locality. His articles to the news- papers during the last few years of his life were almost always historical, and are extremely valuable. He- wrote many still more valuable articles for "Our Home" in 1873, notably those entitled "Pluckamin. ''-•-/-■ b-i .'.Mr^.itchi i/i/r. 6 ^-^c, k9- K M I M - D n WE LL , M . "D , BEDMINSTER. 729 One Hundred Years Ago," " Our Old Physicians," and " Dr. Van Derveer and Sister." During the year 1876 he contributed many things to The Gazette, of which he was a warm and consistent friend. The following is contributed by a member of the family : Mrs. McDowell has in her possession a number of books given him before he went to college as pre- miums for being first in his class, — Greek, Latin, sacred history, etc. His was a warm-hearted, lov- ing, and affectionate nature. In the latter days of his life he spent several winters at the South, among the scenes of his boyhood, and in the mild, soothing cli- mate of Florida. In the fall of 1877 a Southern trip was again talked of, fearing he could not stand our rigorous winters. But his health was too delicate to travel, and we said, " We will make our home as nearly like a Southern climate as possible." His home was made warm and cheerful. He enjoyed his books, his writings, and his friends. As the spring of 1878 ap- proached his physical weakness increased, but with it came a calm, happy state of mind. The Bible, always a book he loved to read and study, now became his greatest joy and comfort. He would often say, " What would I do without the comfort derived from this blessed book ?" His wife and daughters read to him daily, and he generally had the portion selected in his mind, asking them to read it. He loved to have us read of heaven, the New Jerusalem ; of his Saviour and the angels, saying, "I shall soon be there. I have no doubt, no fear, not one. I know I am ac- cepted; I know I am forgiven." About this time the silver question was before the public, and he was inter- ested, and wanted his family to read the papers daily. When the question was settled he was satisfied, and said, " Now you may put away the papers ; we will just come down to ' the good old book !' all the read- ing I have now may be from that," often exclaim- ing, "How beautiful I how sweet! how precious I" His brothers-in-law, Dr. Joseph and Mr. Frank Os- born, at his request, came from Newark to visit him a few days before his death. He asked them to unite with the family in his room in prayer, which they did. His two sons, William and Charles, came to see him for the last time. He asked them to pray with him, gave them pleasant, parting messages, talked of his heavenly hopes, and of the happy meeting in the beautiful home above, and sent messages of love to his absent son, Frederick, in California. They were expecting to come again on Saturday. On Wednes- day, March 5th, he said, " Wife, this is death ! prop me up ; open the windows, and do not leave me for a moment ; it won't be long. Keep me alive till Sat- urday, if you can : I would love to see my boys once more. Just you stay with me, with good Aunt Leah (a faithful colored woman who had been with us for many years) to wait on you; let all the rest sleep." He fell into a quiet, steady breathing, which kept up for more than an hour. I knew it was the sleep of 47 death, and said, " Aunt Leah, this is his last sleep, shall I awake him, or let him pass quietly away ? I feel as if we must hear him speak once more." I laid my hand on his forehead and said, " Would you not like some hot beef-tea?" He said, "Hot beef-tea? Oh, yes !" He took two cups, very hot, and then asked for hot coffee, and said, " Maybe you can keep me alive till Saturday, and I can see my boys once more." He seemed unconscious of any one around him, and prayed distinctly one of the most beautiful prayers ever repeated; thanked the Lord for giving him such peace and joy ; prayed for his loved ones ; mentioned by name friends he loved who were not Christians, and asked his Heavenly Father to show them the way clearly to prepare for a meeting with him in heaven. That wonderful night, the sacred messages and words of love to us in the morning, while memory lasts will never be forgotten. When asked " How does the other world appear now ?" he said, " Beautiful ! beautiful ! It is all true : heaven, the angels, all — all ! I'll come and meet you when you are ready." At 10 a.m., March 6th, we closed his eyes, — he had left us. PETER J. LANE. Peter J. Lane, whose portrait appears herewith, lives on the old McGrea estate in Bedminster, which his PETER J. LANE. grandfather, Cornelius Lane, purchased of James and Catharine McCrea, the parents of the ill-fated Jane McCrea,* Dec. 23, 1769. The house in which « See Irving's Life of Washington, p. 14'2, other histories of the Kevo- lution, and the history of Bedminster and gt-neral history, in this work. 730 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Jane McCrea was born is occupied by Mr. Lane and his family, the place having descended from Corne- lius Lane through Job Lane to the present proprietor and occupant. Cornelius Lane came from Monmouth County and settled in Bedminster prior to the purchase of the McCrea property. He married Mary Compton, and his second son, Job Lane, born in Bedminster, Oct. 6, 1769, married Susannah Nevius, and had a family of ten children, four of whom died in the old McCrea house, and but two of whom are living, — viz., George Lane, who'resides in Bridgewater, Somerset Co., and Peter J. Lane. JOHN G. SCHOMP. John G. Schomp was born in Readington, Hun- terdon Co., N. J., June 5, 1812. He is a son of George P. and Eli2abeth"](Anderson) Schomp. George P. Schomp was a son of Peter Schomp. JOHN G. SCHOMP. Mr. Schomp moved into Bedminster in 1830, and has never missed an election since he became a voter. He has been twice married, — first to Avaline Layton, who died a few years afterwards ; his second wife was Elizabeth Ann Van Liew, whom he married in 1848, and has had seven children, all of whom are living. Mr. Schomp purchased his present farm of the Vail estate in 1849, and by his systematic mode of farm- ing has made it a rich and valuable property. He has always been a Democrat in politices, and has held the responsible offices of assessor and collector of his township, discharging these duties with fidelity and satisfaction to his fellow-citizens, who hold him in high esteem. HON. CORNELIUS W. SCHOMP. Few men have been held in higher esteem by their townsmen, and there have been few whose memories are cherished with greater respect and affection than the subject of this brief memoir. Cornelius Wyckofi" Schomp was descended from Holland ancestors, who emigrated to America and became early settlers of Readington, Hunterdon Co., N. J. His father's name was George Schomp, who married, first, Elizabeth Anderson, by whom he had seven sons and one daugh- ter, of whom Cornelius W. was the seventh son. He was born in Hunterdon Co., N. J., Oct. 20, 1816. His mother died when he was an infant, and he was brought up by his sister, Mrs. Cornelius M. Wyckoff, till he had attained the age of nineteen. His health was quite delicate, and, after spending several years as clerk in a mercantile house in New York, he sought recovery by traveling with goods in the West. In this occupation he spent about one year. His health being sufficiently restored, he settled at Lesser Cross- Roads (now Bedminster), where he followed mercantile busi- ness for seven or eight years. Finding his health again declining, he sought change of employment, and in 1845 removed to the estate of Judge Arrow- smith, in Bedminster, now known as Schomp's Mill, having purchased the estate of the heirs. He married Louisa Arrowsmith, a granddaughter of Judge Arrow- smith, Jan. 21, 1840. The family was a prominent one in Bedminster, and the judge a man of consider- able distinction in his day. In 1845, Mr. Schomp removed to the estate, where his active energies, ex- cept when engaged in public duties, were employed for the rest of his life. He rebuilt the mill and fam- ily mansion, and made many important and valuable improvements, designing others which were not fully carried out ere death had called him from the scene of his earthly activities. While devoting himself chiefly to the pursuit of agriculture and milling, he was an enterprising and public-spirited citizen, and took an active part in the affairs of his township and county, extending his social and political influ- ence far beyond their limits. In 1855-56 he repre- sented his district in the Legislature, being a popular and influential member of that body. He was also for several years a member of the Democratic Execu- tive Committee of New Jersey, and always acted with the Democratic party, whose principles he earnestly supported. He was at the same time popular with all parties, and exceedingly liberal in his views, as well as in the distribution of his means for the pro- motion of every useful enterprise. By his marriage with Louisa Arrowsmith, Mr. Schomp had one son, William A. Schomp, Esq., present proprietor of the home estate. He is a grad- uate of Rutgers College in the class of 1860 ; studied law in the city of New York in the office of David Dudley Field, and was admitted to the bar in 1862. Cornelius Wyckoff Schomp died Sept. 17, 1872. At a meeting of the Consistory of the Reformed ^^ ^(T^^^ ^^:^y^ BEDMINSTER. 731 Church of Bedminster, N. J., held Sept. 21, 1872, the following resolutions expressive of the feelings of that hoard respecting his decease were adopted. He was at the time of his death an acting elder in the church : " Whereas, It has been the will of our Heavenly Father, who is infi- nitely wise and good, to suddenly call from us by death our dearly be- loved brother, Cornelius W. Schomp ; therefore, " Resolved^ That while we cannot but feel this sore bereavement to be a great mystery, we danot question the wisdom and tender love of God, who * knoweth the end from the beginning,* and ' who doeth all things well,* and that we find comfort in His own assurance, ' What I do thou know- est not now, but thon shalt know hereafter.* " Beaolved, That we cherish the memory of the many virtues of our be- loved brother, of his genial and amiable disposition, of his exemplary Christian deportment, and of his devoted zeal and usefulness as'an ofBcer in the church he loved. " Beaolved^ That we offer our heartfelt sympathy to the bereaved widow and only son of our departed brother, and that we commend them to the tender sympathy and love of the dear Redeemer, veho is ' our refuge and strength and a very present help in trouble.' ** had children,— Daniel, born Nov. 24, 1809; Sarah Ann; born Feb. 27, 1813 ; William, born June 1, 1817 ; Eleanor, born Sept. 21, 1820. Eobert Heath died in 1880, aged eighty-one. WILLIAM HEATH. The ancestors of the Heath family in Somerset County are traced back to Thomas Heath, who died in Stafford, England, date unknown. His widow, whose maiden name was Annie Neville, married again to his cousin, Thomas Heath, by whom she had one child, Mary Heath, born April 23, 1737. She, together with her mother, emigrated to America in 1742. Anne Neville, wife of Thomas Heath, died Nov. 28, 1776. Mary Heath died Jan. 6, 1773, at the age of fifty-six. John Heath, son of the first-named Thomas Heath, was born in Stafford, Staffordshire, England, and em- igrated to America in 1741. He married Ann Lewis. John Heath died April 22, 1806. He had children,— Thomas, born July 23, 1747; John, born Feb. 6, 1748 ; Daniel, born Aug. 30, 1750 ; Ann, born June 19, 1752 ; Samuel, born Jan. 16, 1754; James, born Oct. 11, 1762; Esther, born April 18, 1766 ; Isaac, born Nov. 3, 1780 ; Elizabeth, born Dec. 3, 1781. The mother of the two last-named children was Naomi Leigh. Of the above family, Daniel Heath was the grand- father of the subject of this sketch. He was born near Amboy, N. J., and afterwards lived near Prince- ton, where he was a farmer by occupation. He re- moved to Mine Brook, Somerset Co., in 1792, and there bought a farm of Andrew Kirkpatrick, on which he lived till his death, which occurred in May, 1825. He married Eleanor Runyon, who was born Oct. 1, 1748. The children of Daniel Heath and Eleanor Eunyon were John, born Aug. 14, 1772 ; Ann, born Jan. 16, 1774; Hugh, born July 20, 1775; Elizabeth, born Feb. 15, 1777; Margaret, born Nov. 26, 1778; Daniel, born July 19, 1780 (the seventh child, a son, born June 27, 1782, died in infancy); Mary, born Sept. 19, 1783; Daniel, born April 25, 1785; Thomas, born Feb. 19, 1787 ; Robert, born Feb. 6, 1789. Robert Heath, father of our subject, married Sarah Cole, Jan. 1, 1809, who was born July 24, 1787. They WILLIAM HEATH. The subject of this sketch, born, as above, at Mine Brook, married Ann Voorhees, Nov. 15, 1849. She was born at Mine Brook, Aug. 12, 1820. They have one son, John Heath, born near Burnt Mills, Sept. 25, 1856 ; married Emma J. Fritts, Feb. 8, 1879. She was born Aug. 10, 1860.^ They have one child, Lou- anna, born Feb. 17, 1880. William Heath was a Whig up to the formation of the Republican party, since which he has been a sup- porter of the principles of the latter. He and his wife are members of the Reformed Church of Bed- minster. Gaeeet Vooehebs was born Nov. 5, 1784 ; married Sarah Whittaker, Sept. 19, 1816. She was born Sept. 8, 1792. Their children were,— John, born June 14, 1817 ; Matilda, born Oct. 19, 1818 ; Ann, born Aug. 12, 1820; Hannah, born Jan. 4, 1823; Ellen, bora Jan. 21, 1825 ; Garret, born March 20, 1827 ; Nathaniel W., born June 29, 1829 ; Samuel S., born June 19, 1831 ; Mary, born Aug. 20, 1833 ; Ruth E., born Sept. 19, 1835 ; Ralph, born March 20, 1838. All are liv- ing but Matilda, who died Sept. 28, 1851, and Ruth E., who died Jan. 10, 1879. Garret Voorhees died Feb. 24, 1870, aged eighty- six. Sarah, his wife, died Aug. 8, 1873. She was A member of the Bedminster Reformed Church. 732 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. MARTIN lA TOURETTE. His ancestors removed from France to Holland, and thence at an early time to Long Island, N. Y. Cornelius La Tourette, his grandfather, was born March 27, 1778, and settled in the township of Read- ington, Hunterdon Co., N. J., where he remained until the time of his marriage to Miss Elizabeth Wyckoff, of that place, when he removed to Bedmin- ster and settled on the place where Peter La Tou- rette now resides. He became a resident of this town- ship about 1802. Cornelius La Tourette had children, — Martin, born Sept. 11, 1803 ; Peter, born Oct. 3, 1805 ; Henry, born May 9, 1808 ; Girtright, born Oct. 30, 1811 ; John W., born July 23, 1814 ; Margaret E., born Aug. 10, 1823. Martin, the subject of this notice, was the oldest son. He was a farmer, and followed that occupation through life, acquiring a comfortable estate and leav- ing a reputation unsullied for honor and integrity. He married Mary Armstrong, Nov. 30, 1825. She was born Sept. 25, 1806. The following were their children : Henry, born Oct. 23, 1828 ; Hannah, born Dec. 28, 1831 ; Elizabeth, born March 19, 1834; George, born July 23, 1836; John, born April 18, 1839 ; Margaret, born Aug. 5, 1844. All died of con- sumption, as did also their father and mother. Mar- tin La Tourette died Feb. 3, 1880 ; his wife died in September, 1862. He willed his estates to Henry and his grandchildren. Henry La Tourette remains on the homestead. He married Harriet Backer, Dec. 10, 1856. Their children are Ophelia, born Sept. 18, 1857; Emma B., born April 12, 1859; Martin, born Jan. 27, 1861 ; Stephen B., bom June 15, 1866 ; Car- rie B., born June 30, 1874 ; Charlie K., born Aug. 26, 1877. Henry is a Democrat in politics, and has taken some part in the local affairs of his township. His father and grandfather were elders in the Reformed Church of Bedminster. JOHN McDowell. Ephraim McDowell, an ancestor of John and the first settler on the estate, was a native of Ireland. On the 1st of May, 1750, he purchased the property of William Axtell, a merchant of New York. It then embraced 238 acres, which he gave to his two sons, John and Matthew. He afterwards purchased the adjoining farm (151 acres) of William Cummings; this he willed to his son Ephraim, who sold to his brother Matthew, and the latter purchased a portion of John's estate. The whole was subsequently di- vided into two farms of about 200 acres each, a part of which is now in the possession of John McDowell and the widow and heirs of the late Dr. William A. McDowell. Ephraim McDowell had sons, — John, Matthew, Ephraim, Peter, and Benjamin. Ephraim and Peter removed to the West. Benjamin became a settled minister in Dublin, Ireland, having gone there to finish his education. He had pursued his prepara- tory course at the grammar school kept by Rev. Mr. Hannah on the McDowell estate in Bedminster, — an old school quite noted in its day. JOHN McDowell. Matthew McDowell was the grandiather of the subject of this sketch. He was twice married, — first to Miss Simpson, of Lamington, and second to Eliza- beth Anderson, of Bound Brook. By Elizabeth An- derson he had John, William (both became clergy- men), and Benjamin, father of our subject, who re- tained the estate, and was a farmer during life. He was a justice of the peace for about fifteen years, and for ten years judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He married Elizabeth Field, daughter of Jeremiah Field, of North Branch, and had two children,^ John and Elizabeth A., widow of the late Abraham Ten Eyck, of Somerville. He died July 24, 1855. Mrs. McDowell died March 28, 1873, in her ninetieth year. John McDowell was born on the estate in Bedmin- ster, Jan. 12, 1810, and was educated at the common schools. He married Maria, daughter of Robert Todd, of Lamington, and has one son and three daugh- ters living. A Whig from early life, he joined the Republican party upon its organization in 1856, and has since adhered firmly to its principles and meas- ures. He is a man of sound judgment and exem- plary habits, and is an elder in the Presbyterian Church of Lamington, of which he and. his wife have long been members. MARTIN" LA TOURETTE. 4- FREDEKICK H. LANE. Frederick IT. Lane, son of Matthew P. and Anna (Hownel) Lane, was born in New Germantown, Hunter- don Co., N. J., Dec. 22, 1813. Married Mary Ann Craig, daughter of William Craig, of New G^M-inantown, Dec. 3, 1840, and had fourteen children, — seven sons and seven daughters, — of whom eleven are living in Hunterdon and Somerset Counties. Mr. Lane devoted his attention to agriculture, and was a thrifty and successful farmer. In 1855 he purchased one of the most beautiful estates in the township of Bedminster, on which his widow and sons now reside, where he made various improve- ments, and spent the remainder of his quiet and exem- plary life attending to his domestic duties, the education of his children, and the interests of the church of which he and his estimable wife were members. They belonged to the Presbyterian Church at Lamington, N. J. Mr. Lane died on the 7th of October, 1873. From the obituary notice published at the time of his death we extract the following just tribute to his character : " When a good man dies a great void is left. When a useful man departs few can take his place. Both these vacancies were made when our friend Prbdeeiok H. Lane left us. Some of the old-fashioned men of honor, probity, and religion are still left as ancient landmarks among us, men who act out Christianitj' in their daily walk and habits. Many men can talk Christianity. How few there are that the whole community know and feel are good men in word and deed I Frederick H. Lane's light was set upon a hill seen of all men. No man doubted that in him the genuine root of the matter existed. He came from a noble father. A fine-looking man, his soul was as large as his body. He raised a family that inherited those qualities. Frederick possessfd noble feelings and strongly exemplified them. You could not be in his company for a minute without recog- nizing a nohlc Christian man, of fine, commanding person and marked features. He had a large s6ul, a numerous family; his children loved and revered him. A young man to the end of life, full of innocent fun and mischief, he never became old. He was the perfect model of a wise, skillful, judicious farmer. His judgment seldom erred. Surrounded by laboring hands, ho was prompt in his payments and a most judicious friend and ad- viser. As a Christian man he shone with the best and purest lustre. From church, prayer-meeting. Sabbath- school he was never absent, and their most able sup- porter. Having a largo family, he was a strong ad- vocate and efficient sustainer of our common-school system. As a public man holding office he never pros- tituted his powers, but retained the firm confidence of his fellow-citizens in his unbending integrity. A com munity that loses such a man has met with a great misfortune. To his friends he has left the best of conso- lations; we know and feel that ho was a good Christian man. To his family ho has given the noblest legacy — a name pure and unsullied, without a single blemish." BEDMINSTER. 733 WILLIAM A. VAN DORN. Jacob Van Dorn, the ancestor of the family in New Jersey, came from Holland with his parents about the year 1660 when a lad ten years of age. They landed on Long Island, where the city of Brook- lyn now stands. Jacob afterwards married a Miss Bennett, and removed to Monmouth Co., N. J. Their family consisted of six sons and four daughters, one of whom was Jacob Van Dorn, Jr., born Jan. 21, 1703. He married Maria Schenck, by whom he had ten children, and after her death, which occurred Oct. 31, 1756, he married for his second wife Rachel Long- street. Aaron, a son of Jacob Van Dorn, Jr., born Sept. 14, 1744, married Geshea Schenck, of Mon- mouth Co., May 9, 1765, and had twelve children, of whom "William Aaron Van Dorn, born at Peapack, Somerset Co., N. J., July 26, 1781, was the eighth child. He was one of the most enterprising and highly-esteemed 'citizens of Somerset County, and belonged to a numerous and influential family, many of whom have since become widely scattered. His father and the older members of the family settled at Peapack, where they purchased a large tract of land, which has since been divided into nine farms. Wil- liam A., at the age of nineteen, left home to see the world and seek his fortune. He went to Pittsburgh, and thence in a "flat-boat" down the Ohio and Mis- sissippi Elvers to Natchez, where he began to raise cotton. He cultivated the growing crop much in the same manner that he did corn, and was quite success- ful, thus doing three-quarters of a century ago what planters are just now learning to do in some parts of the South. At the end of two years, not liking a state of society where difficulties were settled by a resort to the knife or pistol, he returned home. Peapack was then a little hamlet, with its post-office at New Brunswick, and subsequently at Somerville, until by his influence an office was opened there. "With the proceeds of his cotton he began business in a store, and extended it until he had also a large farm, mill, lime-kiln, and other branches of business. He took more pleasure in helping his family and friends and the neighborhood than in accumulating property. He became identified with all the improve- ments of the place. By purchasing various strips of land he straightened the roads, had bridges built, and set an example to others in draining and clearing the land. He introduced the first threshing-machine in that vicinity, and other implements now so com- mon, though there were many evil predictions con- cerning them. In public life he was well known, his integrity securing for him continuously some office of trust or honor. Such was the confidence in which he was held that, though always an ardent politician, he was continued through all the changes of party for thirty- £ve years in the office of justice of the peace and judge of the Common Pleas, and, as an indication of the soundness of his judgment, though an immense amount of business came before him, his decisions were never set aside nor an appeal taken but in three instances. He was a man of great firmness and dignity of character ; his habits were temperate, and all his ap- petites and impulses under remarkable control. His vigor of body and mind was retained to an advanced age, so that he was able to prosecute improvements at a stage of life when men generally think such work out of the question. "When nearly eighty years of age he enlarged his water-power and rebuilt his mill, superintending the getting out of the timber and going upon the roof of the mill to see that the work was well done. He lived to see a dozen years after the work was completed, almost reaching the rare age of ninety years. At his death, June 13, 1871, he was the last of a long-lived family of twelve children, himself and five brothers having reached the average age of seventy-nine. His life was rigidly moral and upright, and he had been brought up in the strictest manner. Although not connected with any church as a member, he was an earnest supporter of religion, and at one time raised the subscription money for building a Re- formed church in the place; but, owing to some op- position of their pastor at Bedminster, it was not until afterwards that the building which now stands was erected. His views of religion are well summed up in the remark which he made on one occasion : " I may not understand the letter of the Word, but I will take its spirit and try to live according to that." Such are a few of the leading traits of this truly strong and exemplary character. He is remembered as a man of great firmness and self-reliance, and yet he possessed an amiable and generous disposition, was much beloved by his family and friends, and highly esteemed by all who knew him. He married Elsie Sutton, and left at his death two children, — Mary Ann, born 1805, and Ferdinand, born April 17, 1807. ABRAHAM SMITH. Abraham Smith was horn in Mendham, Morris Co., N. J., Jan. 15, 1830. His father, Jacob Z. Smith, removed to the township of Bernard, where the sub- ject of this sketch was brought up and attended school till the age of fifteen. His father settled On the es- tate of his father, Zackariah Smith, who afterwards divided the property among his children (see biog- raphy of Peter Z. Smith, of Bernard). At the age of fifteen Abraham Smith went to learn his trade — that of a carriage-maker — with his uncle, David B. Logan, at the Lesser Cross-Roads, in Bedminster township, where he served an apprenticeship, with hard and diligent labor, of four years. At the expiration of this period he engaged with David Apgar as journey- man where he remained two years, and in the mean time, Oct. 27, 1849, he married Ann Daily, daughter 734 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. of "William Daily, of Eeadington township. The re- sult of this marriage has been four children, — viz., ABRAHAM SMITH. William Anderson Smith, born Nov. 28, 1850; George Logan Smith, born Nov. 20, 1852; Jacob Wesley Smith, born July 27, 1855; Sarah Ann Elizabeth Smith, born Oct. 1, 1870. Jacob Wesley died Aug. 7, 1855. Upon leaving David Apgar, Mr. Smith removed to Plainfield, in 1851, where he was for eight years fore- man for the firm of Heath & Dunning, engaged in the manufacture of carriages for the Southern trade. Here he carried on other enterprises, dealing to some extent in real estate, and building and selling two houses, out of which he realized a handsome profit. This was during the growing and rapid period of Plainfield. Hard times coming on in 1857, induced Mr. Smith to leave Plainfield, which he did in the spring of 1859, establishing the shops at Peapack, which he has carried on successfully for the past twenty years. In 1865 he added the undertaking business, which he has since conducted in connection with carriage- and wagon-making. Mr. Smith, in connection with his uncle, Peter Z. Smith, and others, founded, in 1876, the "Smith Fam- ily and Friends' Eeunion," on the grounds of the an- cestral estate in Bernard, near Peapack, which has become one of the most popular institutions of the country, being attended, as it was in 1879, by about ten thousand people. Mr. Smith is vice-president of the association, and has filled that position since its organization in 1876. His son, William Anderson Smith, married Emma Violet, daughter of Daniel T. Overton, of Yaphank, L. I., Dec. 24, 1875. B E R ]sr A R B: SITUATION AND BOUNDARIES. The township of Bernard is situated in the north- east corner of Somerset County, and is bounded north by Mendham, in Morris County ; east by the Passaic Eiver and Warren township ; south by Warren and Bridgewater ; west and southwest by Bedminster and Bridgewater townships. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Bernard comprises a superficial area of 41.47 square miles, or 26,541 acres. The principal valleys are those of the Passaic and the Karitan, which bound the township on the east and west, and, with their tributaries, drain its entire surface, with the exception of the extreme point of the southern projection, be- * By Piof. W. W. Clayton. tween Warren and Bridgewater. Dead Eiver, which forms a portion of the southern boundary, rises in the southwestern part of Bernard and flows in an easterly direction to the Passaic Eiver. Two of its most east- ern tributaries from the south rise near the south- western line of Bernard and flow in courses nearly parallel across the northwestern corner of Warren. The principal tributary fi-om the north is Green Brook, which rises a few miles northeast of Basking Eidge and runs' southward, nearly parallel with the Passaic Eiver, and at an average distance of 2J miles from it, and falls into Dead Eiver below Liberty Cor- ner. Basking Eidge, the most famous in the town- ship, lies between this brook and the Passaic, extend- ing southward and terminating in Pleasant Valley. At the north end of the ridge is Penn's Brook, rising near the source of Green Brook and flowing eastward BERNARD. 735 into the Passaic River. The streams named and a few other small brooks are all that flow into the Pas- saic on the eastern side of the township. Mine Brook is quite an important stream. It rises in the northern part of the township, near the Morris county line, and, passing southward through a chain of small lakes at Bernardsville, keeps thence a general southwest course till it enters the North Branch of the Raritan, on the western boundary of the township. This brook affords in its course several fine mill-sites, which are well improved. As a general rule, the val- leys and ridges which form the most interesting topo- graphical features of the township follow the courses of the streams we have described. In many places the hills are rounded and isolated from the general ridges, and of a structure entirely different, geologi- cally speaking. The lesser hills throughout the township are composed of transported materials, the drift of the glacial epoch, while the mountains, such as Mine Mountain, the mountains about Bernards- ville, and the crests of the principal ridges, belong to the trap formation. "We quote firom Professor Cook's " Geology of New Jersey" : " South of the village of Basking Eidge trap outcrops in the hill on the road to Liberty Corner, and also on the road to Millington Church. This may be a part of the Long Hill range. The interval between these outcrops is low, and indicates only shale. Denuding forces may have swept away the intermediate trap and left this strange and anomalous hill ; or this may be the end of the range which curves round from Long Hill, cut off, however, by Harrison's Brook. West of Harrison's Brook the trap extends almost to the Liberty Comer and Bernardsville road, but none appears west of that limit. Northward, a ledge of it is seen in the brook east of T. Holmes', near a road leading to Basking Eidge." The sous of the township are generally productive, being well adapted to wheat and grass, and no por- tion of the country exhibits a finer succession of well- cultivated farms. In this township is the Janes Mine (magnetic iron ore), situated on the southwest end of Mine Moun- tain, on the property of Bishop Janes. It is an old mine, but has never been much worked, and is partly filled with earth. This mine is interesting as being located on the extreme border of the gneiss. There is also a mine opened on another point of the same mountain, on the farm now owned by Mr. Ed- munstone. Ore was taken from this mine about six years ago. AND TITLES. LAND GRANTS In 1701 the Governor and proprietors of East Jer- sey, then residing in England, being desirous of ex- tinguishing the Indian title to lands and extending settlements in their province, appointed John Harri- son agent for that purpose. Harrison made large purchases from the Indians and their chiefs in the Passaic Valley, and, among others, about 3000 acres in what is now the township of Bernard, embracing the eastern portion of the township between the Pas- saic River on the east and Green Brook on the west. The tract extended from Dead River on the south to Penn's Brook on the north, and from the name of the purchaser and its peculiar shape was long known and familiarly spoken of as " Harrison's Neck.'' The deed to this land, obtained from Nowenoik, an Indian chief, bears date June 24, 1717. Harrison must have been living at that time on Eocky Hill, as he is called in the deed " John Harrison, of Eockie Hill.'' Harrison's Indian deed is believed to be the oldest in the township. He purchased the 3000 acres, more or less, for a consideration of $50, and the validity of his title appears to have been ever after recognized. It was probably confirmed by the proprietors in con- sideration of the services of Harrison, as Indian deeds were not usually accepted as valid, they having only a possessory right, and no title to the land in /ee simpk. However this may be, after the death of Harrison his son Benjamin sold the whole purchase to Daniel Hollingshead and George Risarick, who again sold half their interest to Col. John Parker, of Amboy, and James Alexander, of New York. Harrison must have died, and the property passed through Hollingshead and Eisarick tp Parker and Alexander as early as 1720, for in that year Parker and Alexander sold a portion of the southeast corner of their purchase to Cornelius Brees, of Staten Island. The four proprietors had the lands regularly surveyed in 1727, and laid out into farms of from one hundred and fifty to two hundred acres each. These were drawn by ballot by the four joint owners at the spring term of the Supreme Court for 1728, held at Perth Amboy. The respective proprietors were then left to dispose of their lots on their own terms. James Alexander, father of William Alexander (Lord Stirling), seems to have drawn what has since been known as the " Stirling Property." He was also associated with John Budd, of Philadelphia, in lands which extended north into Morris County.* From the Elizabethtown bill in chancery are given the following titles of what is now Bernard township : " Northwest part taken up by Dunstar and Alexander and Budd and Alexander. The land west of PaEsaio Eiver, east of the North Branch, and north of Dead Eiver, and south of Penn's Brook was divided into six- teen lots, and this plot is known aa Harrison's Purchase. " No. 97, John Parker, March 28, 1728, 147 acres in Harrison's Neck, John Ayers' place. " No. 100, George Eicariok, March 28, 1728, 184J8 acres between Dead Eiver and Peun Brook. " No. 121, James Alexander, Sept. 17, 1741, 786;^ acres in six tracts In Harrison's Neck. " N 99, James Alexander, March 28, 1728, 272J8 acres on east side of North Branch of Dead Elver. " No. 103, Daniel HoUinshead, June 18, 1729, 132J acres on the North Branch of Dead Eiver. " No. Ill, John Parker, July 10, 1731, 100 acres in Harrison's Neck. * MesBlor's History of Somerset County, p. 29. 736 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. " No. 105, John Parker, Feb. 27, 1730, 83J acres joining Sutton's in Har- rison's Purchase. " No. 106, John Parker, Sept. 29, 1730, 159 acres of Harrison's Purchase, Joins John Brown's. "No. 142, James Alexander, July 10, 1744, 65^0*^ acres at Basking Kidge. " No. 109, John Parker, Nov. 4, 1729, 98g^ acres on Dead Kiver, begins at Moses Ayers' corner. " No. 76, John Campbell, 200 acres on Dead River, 120 chains up from Passaick. " No. 117, Nathaniel Solph, March 28, 1740, 83 acres on Harrison Pur- chase. " West and north of the Harrison Purchase mentioned above is tract 82, located by William Penn, June, 1717, of 7500 acres, on Dead and Pas- saic Bivers. This extended north to the county line and along the west and south line of Budd and Alexander and Dunstar and Alexander, and west to tract 119 ; from thence along the east baae of the range of moun- tains, south of Dead River, and east to Mordecai Brook. " Tract 119, bordering on Peapack or North Branch, was taken up on Ist of June, 1740, by Alexander and Dunstar and contained 1240 acres." EARLY SETTLEMENT. Settlements were made in this township soon after John Harrison made his purchase of the Indians, 1717-1720. In the latter year Cornelius Brees, of Staten Island, bought land of James Alexander, " on the east side of the north branch of Dead River, at the southwest corner of the Parker and Alexander purchase, said land being now in the occupation of James Pitney.'' Pitney was therefore in the country as early as 1720, and we do not know how much earlier. He was one of that class known as " Squat- ters," who pitch their cabins in the wilderness, irre- spective of any legal title to the land they occupy. The lands in this section were very desirable, and no doubt quite a number were induced to squat upon them before any titles could be obtained. Several complaints against "squatters" are found about this time. In 1729, a few years later, Alexander directs his agent, Daniel Shoemaker, to dispossess certain parties then occupying his land, and give the right of possession to others. It was not long, however, before a class of actual purchasers of the soil came in, with means and enterprise to make the wilderness blossom in a few years, and laid the foundation of that thrift and prosperity and that sturdy and excellent social and moral order, which has ever characterized the people of this region. Obediah Ayers, son of John Ayers, who settled on the Millstone, in 1717, is mentioned as having lands in the east part of the township in 1727. It is thought that the senior Ayers never moved here, but purchased the desirable lands for his children. It appears that John Ayers owned land at Basking Ridge ; for on the 8th of February, 1731, he conveyed the land (one and a half acres) on which were the meeting-house and burying-ground to his son, Obediah Ayers, Mordecai McKenne, James Pitney, George Pack, Samuel Rolfe, Daniel Morrice, and Thomas Riggs. It appears from this that James Pitney remained in this viciniy and became a freeholder, notwithstanding his first habita- tion was sold from under him to Brees ; and was one of the trustees to whom the church lot was deeded in 1731. From this time forward settlers multiplied rapidly in the township. About 1732 came the Cauldwell, Carle, Cooper, Boyle, and McEowen families to Long Hill ; the Annin family to Liberty Corner (formerly called Annin's Comer) ; and to other parts of the same general neighborhood, the Eiggs, Conklin, Al- ward, McCollum, Dayton, Doty, Boylan, Heath, Hall, Lindsley, Rickey, Lewis, Anderson, and Hand fami- lies, into the particulars of whose history we have not space to enter, but all of whom became numerous and influential. Among these patriarchal ancestors were John Annin, great-grandfather of the late Wil- liam Annin ; Solomon Boyle, great-grandfather of Augustus A. Boyle, residing until recently on the an- cestral farm ; John Hall, great-grandfather of Samuel Hall, lately removed from the township ; William Conklin, great-grandfather of Isaac Conklin, lately deceased; Henry Alward, great-grandfather of the late Jonathan Alward ; Daniel Cooper, great grand- father of William and Alexander Cooper ; Jacob Carle, grandfather of the late Daniel Carle ; Daniel Heath, grandfather of Mrs. Barclay Dunham; and John McCollum, believed to have been the great- grandfather of A. B. McCollum. He died April 18, 1760, at the venerable age of one hundred and three years. Another family worthy of particular mention was that of Alexander Kirkpatrick, who settled at Mine Brook in 1736, on the farm lately owned by Henry Baird. The Kirkpatricks belonged to a noble family in Scotland.* Alexander, the ancestor of the family in this country, was born at Watties Neach, Dum- friesshire, Scotland. He removed with his family to Belfast, Ireland, after the birth of his son David, about the year 1725. In the spring of 1736 he em- barked at Belfast for America, and after a stormy voyage of thirteen weeks, landed at New Castle, Del. Passing through Philadelphia, they wandered up through the State of New Jersey (which was then partially settled, till they reached Bound Brook, and thence went over the mountains to the place which they selected for a habitation. There being no roads in the country, they followed an Indian path through the wilderness. When they came to a spring of water at the side of what has since been called " Mine Brook," there they settled down, built a log house and went to work. The spot was well chosen, about two miles west of the present site of Basking Ridge. It embraced the southern slope of Round Mountain, in a well timbered region, with unfailing springs of pure water, the rich meadow-land through which Mine Brook runs with a sufficient fall of water for a mill-seat, and with these material advantages, a charming, picturesque view of the adjacent region. The spring of water is still there, marking the site of the original log house, and until within a few years could be seen the remains of ' See Kirkpatrick Memorial, pubUshed 1867. BERNARD. 737 the apple-trees planted by Alexander Kirkpatrick and his sons. This improvement many of the early pro- prietary leases required. In a lease of 137 acues (which it may be remarked was a minor portion of what the family eventually obtained by title in fee simple) granted Nov. 23, 1747, to Alexander Kirk- patrick, he agreeing " to plant an orchard of at least one apple-tree for every 3 acres, and in case this lease shall continue beyond three years, then (to) plant one apple-tree for every 6 acres, all regular in one orchard, and to keep up the number planted and to keep the orchard in good fence." " Alexander Kirkpatrick died at Mine Brook June 3, 1758, mentioning in his will, which was executed ' in articulo mortis,' his wife Elizabeth, his sons An- drew, David, and Alexander, his son-in-law Duncan McEowen, his youngest daughter Mary, and his grandson Alexander." Andrew married Margaret, daughter of Joseph Gaston, and had one son, Alexander, and seven daughters. He inherited the homestead, but not long after the death of his father sold to his brother David and removed to Western Pennsylvania. David mar- ried Mary McEowen, March 31, 1748, and had four sons and four daughters. His eldest daughter, Eliza- beth, born at Basking Eidge in 1748, married first (in 1769) a Sloan, and was the grandmother of the late William H.Sloan, Esq., of Flemington ; she mar- ried, second, John Maxwell, and died at Flemington, Dec. 14, 1829.* Alexander, bom Sept. 3, 1751, died Sept. 24, 1827, was the father of Rev. Jacob Kirk- patrick, D.D., of Ringos. Hugh, the third child, died unmarried, Jan. 9, 1782. Andrew, fourth child, born Feb. 17, 1756, was chief justice of the State of New Jersey. The fifth child was David, born Nov. 1, 1758 ; the sixth, Mary, born Nov. 23, 1761, married Hugh Gaston, of Peapack, and had one son ; married, second, a Todd, and died July 1, 1842. Of the other daughters, Anne and Jennet, the first married Moses Esty, of Morristown, and the last Dickinson Miller, of Somerville. Andrew Kirkpatrick,! third son of David Kirk- patrick, Esq., and Mary McEowen, was born at Mine Brook; he graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1775, while Dr. Witherspoon was president ; studied law and practiced at New Brunswick, where he mar- ried Jane, daughter of Col. John Bayard. His oldest son, Hon. Littleton Kirkpatrick, graduate of New Jersey College in 1815, was a member of Congress from New Jersey. He was married, but had no chil- * From an obituary published in the BurUerdm Omiity OaxeUe, Jan. 6, 1830. The " Kirkpatrick Memorial" (page 22) says, " She, after the death of Mr. Sloan, married Gen. William Maxwell, and died in 1829." This is evidently an error, as Gen. -William Maxwell, of the Hunterdon County family of Maxwells, died a bachelor after the Kevolutionary war, in which he figured. (" Biographical Encyclopjedia of New Jersey," p. 222.) His brother, John, died in Flemington, at a good old age, about 1825. We think the obituary, written al the time of her death, the best authority. t He was for 27 years a judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. . See sketch in chapter on Bench and Bar. dren who survived him. The second son, John Bay- ard Kirkpatrick, Esq., graduate of Queen's, now Rut- gers College, in 1815 ; was for some time connected with one of the departments at Washington; died, leaving two sons and two daughters. Of these, Mary Ann married Rev. Samuel B. Howe, D.D., for some time pastor of the First Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of New Brunswick ; and Jane married Rev. Jonathan Cogswell, D.D., formerly Professor of Ec- clesiastical History in the East Windsor Theological Seminary, both deceased, leaving one daughter. Capt. David Kirkpatrick, fourth son of David Kirk- patrick, Esq., was born at Mine Brook, Nov. 1, 1758, and resided there till his death, Dec. 11, 1828. He had sons— Walter and Hugh — and daughter Eliza- beth, who married Hon. Andrew B. Cobb, of Parsip- pany. Walter was born April 12, 1795 ; graduated at College of New Jersey, 1813, and was three years a member of the Legislative Council of New Jersey. He was a fine classical scholar and an amateur of the fine arts. He died Dec. 13, 1841. No children sur- vive him. Hugh was born May 31, 1797, died March 11, 1860. He was familiarly known as "Doctor Hugh," having graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1815, and became an excellent and popular physician. He served one term as sheriff of Somer- set County, and was a man fond of literary pursuits. Alexander Kirkpatrick, the eldest son of David Kirkpatrick, Esq., married Sarah, daughter of Judge John Carle, of Long Hill. They had thirteen chil- dren, of whom we have space to give only the names in the order of birth : David, Mary, John, Jacob, Sarah, Elizabeth, Lydia, Anne, Rebecca, Martha, Jane, Alexander, and Robert Finley. Mary married John L. Cross, of Basking Ridge; John married Mary, daughter of David Ayera, and sister of Dr. Ayers, of Liberty Corner; Sarah married William Annin, of Liberty Corner ; Elizabeth married Alex- ander Vail, of Bernard township, and after his death, William Gaston, of Basking Ridge; Anne married John Stelle, of Bernard township ; Rebecca married Squier Terrell, of Warren township, whose sister was the wife of the youngest son, Robert Finley Kirk- patrick. John Annin, the ancestor of the Annin family, came from Scotland, with his wife Elizabeth and several children, among whom was William, then seven years of age. They came over soon after the Kirkpatricks, and gave to the place of their settle- ment the name of Annin's Corner, now known as Liberty Corner. Here John Annin erected a log cabin in which he lived with his family the rest of his life. The farm on which the "Stone House" stands was purchased of the assigns of William Penn, and the house erected in 1766. (See a;ccount else- where of the centennial of this building.) Henry Alward, another of the early settlers, came from England. He lived between Liberty Corner and Basking Ridge, near the mill formerly owned 738 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. by Matthias "Woodard. He had three children, — David, John, and Henry ; the last mentioned married Mary Cox, by whom he had eight children. His second son, Samuel, married Caty King, sister of John King, of Liberty Corner. Benjamin, the third son, married Sarah, daughter of Elisha Ayers, and sister of Maj. John Ayers, of Basking Ridge. William married Elizabeth, daughter of William Cross, and removed to the State of New York. Benjamin Alward, who married Sarah Ayers, had children, Elisha, Mary, Jane, Hannah, Benjamin, Jr., Sarah, Esther, William, Elizabeth, Anne, Stephen, Daniel, and Phoebe, — a family of thirteen. Elisha died from the kick of a horse, at the age of twenty- seven. Mary married Joseph, son of Jonathan Ruck- man, and Hannah married his brother Nathan. Ben- jamin, Jr., married Lydia Coddington, daughter of Benjamin Coddington. William married Phoebe Lyon, and removed to Pennsylvania. Elizabeth married Benjamin, son of Dr. James Boylan, of Bernardsville, then called "Vealtown," and had children, Anne, Sarah, John, William, and James Boylan, whose descendants are scattered in different portions of the country. William Conklin was an early settler. He married Ruth Hedges, of Long Island, and removed from there to Basking Ridge. He had eight children in the order following : Stephen, William, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Thomas, Mary, and Ruth. Stephen Conklin had nine children by Deborah Dimon, to wit : Clemena, William, Stephen, Ruth, Mary, Isaac, John, Abraham, and Deborah. Clemena, the oldest, married Josiah Ayers, and had Stephen, the celebrated itinerant Dr. Ayers, so eminently success- ful in curing cholera in Montreal in 1832, and De- borah, who married Stephen Cave, of New York. William Conkhn (3d), who married Rebecca Whit- aker, was a tanner and currier at Basking Ridge, where he had a farm and tanyard. He was a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church here, and a justice of the peace. His family of nine children consisted of Phoebe, Stephen, Jonathan, Mary, William, Joseph, Isaac, Nathaniel, and Sarah. Stephen Conklin, second child of William, resided on the homestead, was an elder of the Presbyterian Church at Basking Ridge, and subsequently removed to Somerville, where he died Nov. 3, 1849. His first wife was Sally Coriell, by whom he had a daughter Sarah, who married Thomas Layton, father of Theo- odore Layton. William Conklin, fifth child of Wil- liam Conklin (8d), married Cornelia Goltra, and had six children,— viz., William, Mary Elizabeth, James Alonzo, Stephen, John L., and Sarah Augusta. Isaac Conklin {3d), seventh child of William, lived at Bask- ing Ridge, where he was a shoe-manufacturer and farmer; married Sarah Hall, and had four children, — Nathaniel, Stephen, Isaac, and Joshua Conklin. All had large families, and their numerous descendants are scattered over a wide extent of country. James Finley, father of Rev. Robert Finley, D.D., was an early resident of Basking Ridge, whence he c^me from Princeton, having immigrated at an early day from Scotland. He had children, James, a phy- sician, who lived in Western New York ; Robert, the well-known minister and teacher ; Annie, who mar- ried Charles Morford, and lived at Basking Ridge in 1810 ; and Alexander, who was a carpenter and cab- inet-maker in the same place. The children of Rev. Robert Finley were Mary L., who married John, only child of Peter Davison, of Basking Ridge; Helen Smith, who married James Cammack ; James C. Fin- ley, who became a Methodist minister, and married a daughter of Dr. Smith, of Cincinnati ; Robert S. Fin- ley, editor of the Liberia Advocate, first at St. Louis for several years, and then in New York. He subse- quently became a Presbyterian minister, and died without issue. John Hall, one of the early settlers at Basking Ridge, had a family of five children. His son John died at that place, about 1845, an old man. Richard, the second son, married Elizabeth Roy, widow of William, the son of Judge John Roy, of Basking Ridge. Judge Roy had a son Joseph, who was the father of Major Peter Roy, of Bernardsville ; married Nancy, daughter of Col. Israel Rickey, who lived at the saw-mill on the Passaic River east of Basking Ridge. Hannah Roy, daughter of William and Eliz- abeth Roy, married Aaron Hand, son of Jonathan Hand, of Basking Ridge. Richard Hall, second son of John Hall, who mar- ried Elizabeth Roy, had six children, the eldest of whom, Isaac, married Betsey Strimple, and lived near Liberty Corner. Ruth, the fourth child, married Levi, son of Jonathan Dayton, of Basking Ridge,, and had an only son, Elias H. Dayton, who married Huldah Conover, of Monmouth County. Samuel,, the fifth child, married Maria, daughter of Alexander Finley, of Basking Ridge. Richard Hall, a younger- brother of the first John Hall, lived at Basking Ridge and had numerous descendants, intermarried with the- Compton, Austin, and Burrows families. Oliver Stelle, the ancestor of the Stelle family, was a son of Isaac Stelle, of Piscataway. He was born Aug. 1, 1766; married, Jan. 21, 1778, Mary Ryno, and removed to Bernard township in April, 1794. Their children were eleven, viz.: Christiana, Ephraim, Isaac, Harriet, Ruth, Sarah, John, Anne, Mary, Clarkson, and Rachel. Ephraim Stelle married Anna Manning, and had six children, — Elizabeth, Sally, Margaret, Daniel S., Isaac, and Jane. Isaac Stelle married Rachel Clawson, and had two children, — Mary and Clarissy. John Stelle married Anne Kirk- patrick, and had five children, — Jeptha, Jacob, Free- man, Lewis, and Provy. Clarkson Stelle married Lucinda Terrell, and had six children, — Rachel, Mary Anne, Mercy, Lewis, Thomas Terrell, and Adeline. The house in which William L. Dayton was born is still standing at Basking Ridge. It is the house- /i2^ fzS^c^ Ephkaim E. Stelle is descended from Pontius Stelle, of Holland, who settled at an early time in New York. The line of descent from Pontius Stelle is through Benjamin, Isaac, and Oliver to Ephraim K. Stelle. Benjamin Stelle, son of Pontius Stelle, was born in New York in 1683, and was for twenty years pastor of the Baptist Church of Piscataway. Isaac succeeded his father in the pastorate of this church, and died after a pastorate of twenty-two years and a ministry of twenty- nine years. Isaac Stelle's sons were Samuel, Oliver, Joseph, Ahel, John, Amhrose, and Benjamin, who lived during the Kevolution and took part in the war. Samuel and Oliver settled with their families in Bernard township after the Revolution, and purchased land together at West Milling- ton. Samuel remained but a few years' in the country. Oliver married Mary Runyon, and had children — Chris- tian, Ephraim R., Isaac, John, Clarkson, Harriet, Sally, and Ruth. All married and reared families in the town- ship except Ruth, who was married but had no children. Ephraim R. Stelle was born Nov. 29, 1780; married, Jan. 23, 1805, Hannah Manning, and had children — Elizabeth, born Aug. 25, 1806, married Drake Terrell and reared a family of six children, — viz., Harriet, Mary Ann, Ephraim S., Sarah Jane, Elizabeth, and Margaret Terrell; Sarah Ann Stelle, born Jan. 24, 1809, married "William A. Coddington, and has no children ; Mary Stelle, born April 22, 1812; Margaret Stelle, horn Feb. 7, 1814, married Charles Smalley, and has children — Anna, Manning S., and Henry C. Smalley; Jane Stelle, born Feb. 7, 1818, married David D. Tingley, and has children — "Williani G. and David S. Tiugley; Isaac Stelle, who died young ; Oliver E. StoUe, born Jan. 29, 1826, married Elizabeth Budd, and had three children, — Ella, born Feb. 5,1853; Marienna, horn Sept. 1, 1854, died Feb. 22, 1878; Ephraim M., born Nov. 28, 1856. Mrs. Stelle died Aug. 22, 1864, since which time Mr. Stelle has remained a widower. Oliver E. Stellb, whose birth, marriage, and family are last given in the above record, is a prominent repre- seijtative of the old stock. He is a Democrat in politics, and has taken an active part in the affairs of his town- ship, having served frequently as a member of the town- ship committee, commissioner of appeals, etc., and was trustee of his district for thirteen years. He and his wife and children are all members of the Baptist Church at West Millington, where he has long been associated with the board of trustees, and has been treasurer and chorister of the church since it was founded in 1851. His earnest devotion and exemplary Christian life render him an efficient aid to the cause. For about twelve years Mr. Stelle has ably filled the place of Sunday-school superintendent. In the first Sunday-school ever organized in the neighborhood he took the part of teacher of three young colored men. A young lady with whom he was intimately acquainted facetiously remarked that he had begun with "rather dark prospects around him," but she hoped he would not be discouraged with "the day of small things." The remark left a deep impression upon his mind. Since then he has worked in every capacity in the Sunday-school up to superintendent. His Sunday-school, in 1878, presented him with a beautiful floral album inscribed, "To Oliver E. Stelle, from the Teachers and Scholars of West Millington Sunday-School." Following the inscription is this beau- tiful sentiment of the school : " Our Wish. — May you be enabled to walk hand and hand with Jesus through all life's journey, and find Him in all your joys and sorrows growing each day nearer and dearer, till the shades and sorrows of earth are ex- changed for the light and joy of His presence on high." e^ iii-^.^^-t ^^e-'Z^ Freeman Stelle is descended from Pontius Stelle, the first ancestor of the family who came from France; the line of descent being through Benjamin, his son Isaac, and his son Oliver. The last named was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Oliver Stelle married Mary Runyon. He removed from Piscataway, Middlesex Co., N. J., about 1794, and settled on the farm now owned by Isaac S. Runyon. His children were Christiana, Ephraim, Isaac, Harriet, Ruth, Sarah, John, Anne, Mary, Clarkson, and Rachel. John Stelle, the father of Freeman, was born Dec. 28, 1790. He married Ann Kirkpatrick, June 20, 1812, and had children as follows: Jeptha, born June 25, 1814; Jacob K., born Sept. 2, 1816; Freeman, born Jan. 29, 1820; Lewis, born Dec. 30, 1829, died young; Provy, born Jan. 15, 1834, died young. Freeman Stelle was born and brought up on the place where he now resides, and was bred to the oc- cupation of a farmer, which he has followed through life. Being a diligent student at the common schools he became thoroughly grounded in the rudiments of an English education, and by reading and observation has stored his mind with a large amount of useful knowledge not only relating to his occupation but to the various leading topics of the day. He is a well- informed agriculturist of the prosperous and substan- tial class. All the appointments of his premises show system and order in the arrangement of his work. He is genial, sociable, and friendly to all with whom he comes in contact; honest and upright in all his dealings ; courteous and obliging ; and as a result has hosts of friends, and commands universal respect from his fellow-citizens. Mr. and Mrs. Stelle are true representatives of their respective ancestors, who held honored places among the pioneers of the country. They have been mem- bers of the Baptist Church of Millington since its organization in 1851, and he has held the office of deacon ever since. By his exemplary Christian life he has been an ornament to his profession and a " pillar in the church." He has served his township in various official capacities at the call of his fellow-citizens, having been assessor, freeholder, member of the town com- mittee, etc., and has taken an active part in all local public enterprises. On the 20th of April, 1842, Mr. Stelle was united in marriage to Martha R., daughter of David R. Runyon, Esq. She was born at Bound Brook, Aug. 29, 1823. Their children are Reune R., born June 26, 1843, married Eliza Dunn, Oct. 16, 1867 ; Sarah K., born March 23, 1845, died Jan. 14, 1875 ; Esther R., born March 12, 1847, married Aaron D,. Thomp- son, Oct. 18, 1871 ; Abel, born Oct. 5, 1849, un- married, and lives at home with his parents. BERNAED. 73^ next south of the Methodist church, now occupied hy Bennehue Dunham. His father was born on the place now owned by Ezra Dayton, one mile west of Basking Eidge. His mother, Nancy Lewis, was borij in the house where Dr. John Dayton now lives. One room of this house is the same as it was one hundred and thirty years ago. There are three bricks in the chimney bearing the following dates : 1750, the time when the house was originally built ; 1855, when it was first repaired; and 1870, when it underwent re- pairs the last time. Eolph Dayton, born in Yorkshire, England, in 1588, immigrated to America in 1639, landing in Boston, where his autograph appears June 4, 1639. He had two sons, Samuel and Robert, born in Eng- land; Eolph Dayton and family moved to East Hampton, L. I., where, in 1649, he "was President and Constable of the place." Eobert Dayton, son of Eolph, ancestor of the Daytons of this township, died in 1728, leaving several children, one of whom, Samuel, was born in 1666, at East Hampton, L. I. One of his children was Jonathan, born in 1701, died Oct. 4, 1776. He moved and settled at Elizabethtown, N. J., and had three wives, by whom he had ten children. Eobert, one of his sons, born in 1742, died May 31, 1814. He married Mary Owen and had eight children. His sons were John, Noah, Levi, Joel, Amos, Bailey, and Jonathan. Joel was the father of "William H. Dayton. He married Nancy, daughter of Edward Lewis, Esq. Joel Dayton died May 3, 1833, in the fifty -seventh year of his age, leaving four children, — "William L., Alfred D., Maria, and James B. Dayton. William Lewis Dayton was born in 1811, married Margaret, daughter of Judge Van Derveer, of Somer- ville. He had five children, one of whom, William, is living in Trenton. His son Ferdinand was a sur- geon in the army during the Eebellion, and died soon after the close of the war. The old homestead where Joel Dayton was born is still in the hands of the Dayton family. Baily, son of Eobert Dayton, was the father of John Dayton, M.D., of Basking Eidge. He had brothers, Edward L., Samuel 0. L., and sister Phebe L., all living except Phebe L., wife of "William Cooper. Dr. John Dayton married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel S. Doty, M.D. Henry Southard was one of the old and prominent settlers. His father came from Jamaica, L. I., and settled at Basking Eidge. His son, Samuel L. South- ard, was one of the most distinguished men of New Jersey,— Secretary of the Navy, Governor of the State, justice of the Supreme Court, president of the "United States Senate, and acting Vice-President of the United States under Mr. Tyler. He was born at Basking Eidge. Henry Southard, his father, was twenty-one years in Congress. His only daughter married Samuel S. Doty, M.D., father of the present Dr. James Doty, of Basking Eidge. Daniel Doty was born in New Jersey and served in the Eevolution. He was the father of Samuel S. Doty, M.D., one of the leading physicians of the State, who practiced medicine at Basking Eidge nearly forty years. In addition to physicians who have already been mentioned was Dr. Israel L. Coriell, who practiced here in the early part of the century, who moved tO' Kingwood, Hunterdon Co., about the year 1824, and there met a sudden death, in 1829, by being thrown from his sulky.* " CENTENNIAL BBTJNION OT' THE SMITH EAMILT." In the north part of the town, about one and a half miles east of Peapack, Zachariah Smith was located at a very early day. This property is now owned by one of his lineal descendants, Peter Z. Smith, and there was held (Sept. 6, 1876) the famous " Smith Picnic,'' at which were gathered the Smiths, not only of this particular family, but of a host of others, de- scendants of John Henry Smith and Christiana Ms wife, their childrens' sons and daughters, with those who had joined the great family by marriage. It is estimated there were two thousand five hundred Smiths present from various portions of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, and including a large delega- tion from Morristown. By actual count there were four hundred and eighty-three carriage loads whO' participated on this festive occasion, the first of any general reunion of the family. A business meeting- was there held of which Isaiah Smith was chairman and Abraham Smith secretary. It was resolved tO' hold an annual picnic in the same grove on the first "Wednesday in September of each year. Isaiah Smith was chosen president, Abraham Smith, secretary and. treasurer, with the following executive committee:. Jacob Z. Smith, Zachariah Z. Smith, William Z. Smith, Abraham Smith, Oscar Smith, Andrew Cole,. Andrew D. Peterson, Peter S. Tiger, Jacob S. Garra- brant, Henry Garrabrant, John Savidge, all of Pea- pack. James A. Cramer and George Hedden, of Morristown ; Ziba S. Smith and Daniel J. Cole, of Mendham ; Jacob T). Smith and William P. Smith, of Earitan; Isaiah Smith, of Milburn; John 8. Smith, Iowa ; Isaiah C. Mullen, Bedminster ; Peter Smith, Eound Valley; Charles Quimby, Bernards- ville; Cornelius J. Garrabrant, Flemington; Cor- nelius P. Garrabrant, Brookside ; Covert Smith and Oliver C. Smith, of Seneca Co., N. Y. The business meeting then adjourned and dinner was partaken of. Then followed addresses by Eev.. Charles Woodrufi" and others, with singing by the glee-club and music by the band, the remainder of the day being given to a pleasant reunion of families and friends. A registry-book, in which the Smiths present registered their names (and their descendants and connections by marriage), contained nine hun- dred names. * Sunterdon County GazMe, Aug. 12, 1829. '740 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. CIVIL ORGANIZATION. Of the early civil affairs of this township we find absolutely no record, not even the date of its organi- zation. The digest of the laws of New Jersey, which usually contains the acts for the erection of townships and the description of their boundaries, contains nothing relating to this township. We have ex- amined the historical collections, the State " Gazet- teer,'' consulted other works and interrogated the best informed men on the subject with like results. The records of the township itself are lacking for nearly a hundred years of its corporate existence, having been destroyed by fire at Basking Ridge in 1850. The most that we can do under the circumstances is to give a probable or proximate date for the organi- zation of the township and the beginning of its civil or municipal history. The township was unquestionably named after Gov- ernor Francis Bernard, who superseded President Reading on the 13th of June, 1758, and continued his administration until the 4th of July, 1760. The name would not be likely to be given before he was Governor. The nearest date we have to this, in which " Bernardstown" is mentioned, is 1768. It is the trustees' record of the Presbyterian Church of Bask- ing Ridge, entitled "The Book of the Congregation of Bernardstown, A.D., 1763-1815." This seems to settle the point that the township organization dates somewhere between 1758 and 1763, probably about 1760, at the close of Governor Bernard's administra- tiori. We can only add to this brief statement of probabilities the civil list for the time during which the records liave been preserved. TOWN CLEKKS. 1861, William R. Wilson ; 1852-63, John S. Quimby ; 1864-66, James W. Arrowsmith J 1856-67, Benjamin Smith ; 1868-69, James W. Arrow- Bmith; 1860, Ira B. Pruden; 1861, John W. B. Lewis; 1862, William A. Wilson ; 1863, William Van Boren ; 1864-66, Joseph S. aark ; 1866-78, William B. Ooopor; 1879-80, P. T. Randolph. ASSESSORS. 1861-63, Israel Rickey; 1864-56, John H. Anderson; 1866-57, Dayid L. Lewis ; 1868-69, Samuel Lewis ; 1860-61, Peter Z. Smith ; 1862-63, Ferdinand Van Doren ; 1864-65, Peter Z. Smith ; 1866, A. V. P. Sut- phen; 1867-73, William A. McMurtry ; 1874, Freeman Stelle ; 1876- 78, William A. McMurtry ; 1879-80, S. W, T. Meeker. COLLECTORS. 1861, Alvah Lewis; 1862, John H. Anderson; 1853, Alvah Lewis; 1864, Francis Bunyan ; 1866-56, Oliver B. Stelle ; 1857-68, Samuel Hall ; 1869-60, William A. McMurtry ; 1861-62, James H. Thompson ; 1863, Jacob K. Lewis ; 1864-66, Ira B. Pruden ; 1867-68, Thomas Terrell ; 1869-70, William Van Doren ; 1871-72, Joseph S. Clark ; 1873, David L. Lewis; 1874, Oscar McMurtry ; 1876-77, George L.Rickey; 1878, Nicholas Bowers ; 1879, Calvin D. Smith ; 1880, Ira B. Pruden. CHOSEN FREEHOLDERS. 1851-62, William Annin, Joseph De Ooster ; 1863, Joseph De Coster; 1854 -66, Peter Z. Smith; 1856-58, James King; 1858-60, Henry Baird' 1860-62, David G. Schomp ; 1802-64, Joseph De Coster ; 1364-66, David G. Schomp ; 1866, David L. Lewis ; 1867-69, Samuel Lewis ; 1869-71, Thomas Terrell; 18'71-73, Aaron Dilley; 1873, Charles S. Quimby; 1874-76, Jacob S. Garrabrant; 1876-77, Charles S. Quimby; 1877 -79, Freeman Stelle ; 1879-80, William B. McMurtry. COMMISSIONERS OF APPEALS. 1851, John S. Quimby, Oliver S. Stelle, James W. Arrowsmith ; 1862, David L. Lewis, Oliver E. Stelle, James W. Arrowsmith ; 1853, David L. Lewis, David Morris, Oliver R. Stelle; 1854, David Morris, Henry Baird, Pierson S. Colyer ; 1855-67, Richard Coriell, Andrew Cole, John McBride; 1867-59, David S. Dunham, Israel Compton, James McMurtry ; 1869, John S. Quimby, Jacob Cole, George F. Sco- field; 1860, Jacob Cole, George F. Scofleld, Oliver Dunster; 1861, Jo- siah Layton, Thomas Lewis, Oliver Dunster; 1862, Josiah Layton, Thomas Lewis, Oliver Woodward ; 1863, Oliver Woodward, Josiah Layton, Oliver E. Stelle ; 1864, John M. Holmes, Oliver Woodward, Oliver R. Stelle ; 1866, Jacob Cole, William Child, William Rush ; 1866 -67, Joseph J. Stergis, John 0. Rush, Henry Apgar; 1868, Joseph S. Clark, Amadee Sanders, David G. Schomp ; 1869-71, Joseph S. Clark, Oliver Dunster, David G. Schomp ; 1871, Oliver Dunster, James H. Day, Calvin H. Dunham ; 1872, John Guerin, John 0. Rush, James H. Day ; 1873, John Guerin, James H. Day, Theodore Baird ; 1874, James H. Day, William Child, Oliver Dunster; 1876-77, Josiah Layton, Theodore Baird, Seneca White ; 1877, Seneca White. William Child, Theodore Baird ; 1878, F. H. Flagg, Henry H. Apgar, Richard Irving ; 1879, Henry H. Apgar, Richard Irving, James H. Day; 1880, Henry H Apgar, Richard Irving, Aaron Dilley. TOWN COMMITTEES. 1861, Jonathan Ayers, David Morris, Abraham B. McCoUum, Frederick Childs, Daniel Whitenack; 1852-53, John Guerin, David Dunham, William Ballentyne; 1854, John Guerin, Samuel Lewis, Thomas Richards : 1864-56, William Ballentine, Isaac S. Runyon, Freeman Pennington ; 1867, Joseph De Coster, Oliver B. Stelle, David Morris; 1868, William Ballentine, David Morris, Waters B. Alward ; 1869, William Ballentine, Waters B. Alward, Oliver Dunster ; 1860, Waters B. Alward, John S. Quimby, Isaac Compton; 1861, Isaac Compton, John S. Quimby, Freeman Stelle ; 1862, John S. Quimby, Freeman Stelle, James P. Goltra; 1863, Amadee Sanders, Freeman Stelle, James P. Goltra; 1864, Amadee Sanders, Joseph De Coster, James P. Goltra; 1865, Amadee Sanders, John Guerin, Oliver R. Stelle ; 1866, John Guerin, Oliver E. Stelle, Josiah Layton ; 1867-68, John Guerin, Josiah Layton, Charles N. Conkling; 1869-70, Charles N. Conkling, John 0. Rush, William B. McMurtry ; 1871, John 0. Rush, William B. McMurtry, John Compton ; 1872-76, John Comptoil, John E. Lewis, Jacob Van Arsdale; 1877-78, John Compton, JohnB. Lewis, Jerome E. Helderbrant, Edward Haight, William Van Doren ; 1879- 80, John Compton, WilUam Child, William Van Doren. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1851. — Nathaniel Compton, Hezekiah Norris. 1854.— Peter Irvine, John S. Quimby, Benjamin Smith. 1856. — John S. Quimby, Nathaniel Compton, Benjamin Smith. 1869.— Peter Irvine. 1860. — Nathaniel Compton, Ira B. Pruden, John S. Quimby. 1861.— Ira B. Pruden. 1862.— Jacob Cole, William A. Wilson. 1863. — Waters B. Alward, Richard Irvine. 1864. — Nathaniel Compton, James H. Thompson, Calvin H. Dunham. 1870.— Nathaniel Compton, James H. Thompson, Calvin H. Dunham, Roderick Mitchell, 1872.— Roderick Mitchell. 1873.— Horace Woodruff. - 1875.— James H. Thompson, Nathaniel Compton, CaMn H. Dunham. 1876.— David S. Dunn. 1878. — James Doty, Horace Woodruff. 1879.— Charles N. Conkling. 1880.— Dr. H. G. Whitnall, P. F. Randolph, Calvin H. Dunham. SUPERINTENDENTS OF SOSOOLS. 1861, Walters B. Alward ; 1852, James T. English ; 1863, William E. Wil- son ; 1864-66, Eev. John C. Rankin, D.D. PLACES OP HISTORIC INTEREST. . . - The Stirling Place.— William Alexander, fa- miliarly known as Lord Stirling, lived in baronial state before the Revolution on the "'Stiriilig &iii," so called, about two miles southeast of Basking Ridge. The place is now owned by Mr. Barcalow,' and la JAMES P. GOLTRA. James Phares Goltra, son of Thomas Goltra, was born in Bergen, N". J., Nov. 17, 1792. His father was also a native of Bergen, where his ancestors from Hol- land settled at an early time. He was born July 9, 1764. He married, Dec. 19, 1788, Elizabeth Kells, born Sept. 30, 1768, by whom he had the subject of this record and four daughters, — viz., Lany A., born Jan. 2, 1790, married George King (deceased); Susan, born Aug. 19, 1794, married Eobert Albright, and lives in Madison, Morris Go. ; Mary, born Aug. 23, 1797, mar- ried John Case (deceased) ; Cornelia, born Aug. 7, 1802, married first Elias Sturgis, and afterwards "Wil- liam Conkling; she is still living, and resides in Ohio. James P. Goltra came to Bernard township when quite young with his parents, who purchased the Goltra place on Dead Eiver now occupied by J. Happa. His father was a carpenter and builder, and brought up his son to that occupation, who followed it as his chief business till towards the close of his life, building extensively and erecting many churches in Bernard and adjoining townships. He also engaged successfully in farming and mercantile pursuits, having kept a store eight years at Liberty Corners. Besides being many years a justice of the peace and a judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas, he took a prominent and active part in the affairs of his township, especially in raising recruits during the civil war, and acting on the town committee with the late Judge Anderson. The duties of these men were arduous and responsible, and were faithfully and conscientiously discharged, reflecting credit alike upon their integrity and ability. Mr. Goltra, as a busi- ness and a public man, as a citizen and neighbor, in short, in all the walks of life, was highly respected. and has left a reputation enshrined in the memory and esteem of his fellow-cilizens. On the 20th of June, 1816, Mr. Goltra married for his first wife Fanny Beach, by whom he had two chil- dren, — Ebenezer B. and Susan P. ; both are living and have families. After her death he married Panny C. Cross, daughter of Eobert and Elizabeth Cross. She is the great-granddaughter of Kev. John Cross, first pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Basking Ridge, who set- tled on the place where Mrs. Goltra now lives in 1732, and held religious services in his barn before the meet- ing-house was built at the Eidge. Eobert and Elizabeth Cross reared a family of two children, — viz., Mrs. James P. Goltra and Mahlon Cross, who died in August, 1878, leaving a son and daughter still living. Joseph, the other son, died in March, 1872. The children of James P. and Fanny C. Goltra were Caroline E., born July 9, 1823, married Dennis Van Liew, and lives at Liberty Corners ; Eobert Cross Goltra, born Aug. 24, 1829, married Mary E. Lewis, who sur- vives him (he died May 12, 1869, leaving four chil- dren) ; Mary M., born Feb. 7, 1832, married Putney O. Belding, has one child, now living at Basking Eidge; Thomas Goltra, born Feb. 5, 1834, married Elsie Smalley Frost, and has a family of three children, — to wit, John Q. P., Hattie Adelaide, and Willie J. Goltra; Emma Jane Goltra, born July 18, 1838, married William W. Sutton, of Hunterdon County, and has three children. James P. Goltra died Jan. 22, 1871, in the seventy- ninth year of his age. His son, Thomas Goltra, is his successor on the home- stead estate. He devotes himself to the pursuit of agri- culture, and is an enterprising and successful farmer. BERNARD. 741 one of the historic places of this portion of New Jer- sey. Lord Stirling acquired his title to large estates in this quarter prior to 1720, and built his manor- house as a summer retreat about 1761. He adopted it afterwards as a permanent residence, and continued to improve his estate, together with a mining andiron interest in Morris County, till the Revolution called him to the field. He became a zealous Whig, and as a soldier under Washington rendered important ser- vice to the cause of independence. He was not, how- ever, to see the final triumph of the glorious cause to which he had sacrificed health, property, and life itself. Worn out by fatigue of body and mind, he died on the 15th of January, 1783, less than a week before the solemn recognition by treaty of his coun- try's independence. His private fortune was ex- pended in the contest. White's Taveeit. — The house where Gen. Charles Lee was taken prisoner by Col. Harcourt's dragoons, on the 11th of October, 1776, while on his way to join the army under Washington, stands by the road- side at the south end of the village of Basking Ridge. It was then called " White's tavern," being kept by Mrs. White, a widow. The house is still standing, though it has undergone considerable changes. The Kiekpateick Mansion. — Another place of historic interest is the old Kirkpatrick mansion, on the homestead where Alexander Kirkpatrick and his son David settled in 1736. The solid, substantial stone house which he built in 1765, with its thick, firm walls laid in mortar almost as hard as the gray sandstone itself, and with floors made of white oak plank laid double, was but an exponent of the solidity and self-reliance of his character. With proper care the house might be made to last five cen- turies more. On a stone over the front door (but now concealed by a portico) are chiseled " D. M. K., 1765," — meaning David and Mary Kirkpatrick. David Kirkpatrick, Esq., as he was remembered by the old settlers, was a thorough-going Scotchman in every respect, not excepting the broad accent of his nationality. " Although he lived about two miles from the church at Basking Ridge, he always pre- ferred to walk while the rest of the family rode. It is said of him, when a member of the New Jersey Legislature, that although he would commence his journey on horseback, he soon dismounted and, lead- ing his horse, walked the remainder of the way to Trenton. He lived to enter his ninety -first year; educated one son at the College of New Jersey ; knew of at least six grandsons who were liberally educated ; and at his death left a numerous posterity to bless his memory." The Annin House.— In 1766 the old "Stone House" on the Annin estate was built by William Annin, son of John, the first pioneer. In 1866, the descendants of John Annin met in the venerable mansion to celebrate the centennial of its erection. The meeting was on the 15th day of August, and there gathered grandparents, parents and children, the representatives of every period of life, from infancy to old age, to the number of one hundred and twenty. We give the following list of the kindred and de- scendants ot John Annin present on the occasion : William Annin, Eliza H. Annin, Gertrude S. F. Annin, Jane Annin, SaraU Annin, Sarah E. Annin, Mary 0. Annin, William Annin, Robert Edward Annin, Phebe Ayers, James Van D. Ayers, Fanny B. Ayera, Fanny Ayers, John Fred. Boyle, Lydia Annin Boyle, Harriet P- Boyle, Sarah Annin Boyle, Edward P. Boyle, John Annin Boyle, Mary P. Boyle, Helen H. Boyle, William F. Boyle, Nettle A. Boyle, Par- menas Castner, Fred. K. Castner, Mary Annin Gaatner, Alfred S. Cast- ner, John L. Van Liew, Antoinette Van Liew, Julia B. Van Liew,. Sarah K. Van Liew, William E. Van Liew, Maiy A. Van Liew, Mar- tha A. Van Liew, William Annin Losey, Harriet 0. Losey, Samuel Annin, Jesse Irving, Charles Conklin, Emeline A. Irving, Hiram Ayers, Eliza Neville Ayers, Joanna Gaston Brown, Mary Brown, Isaac Gaston, Ida Brown, William Sergeant, Daniel Annin, Abbey P. Annin, Phebe M. Annin, Adeline 0. Annin, Sarah Ross Beach, Sarah M. Bliven, Sarah B. Bliven, Charles Bliven, Abby D. Bliven, Moses Sayre, Elizabeth Dickinson Sayre, Alexander Annin, Susan Annin, Margaret Annin, Margaret Miller Noroross, Alex. Annin Norcross, Joseph M. Norcross, Joseph Annin, Margaret Annin, John Annin, Samuel Annin, Esther Morford, George Morford, Alexander AnniDi Elizabeth Annin, Phebe Miller Johnson, Mary Emma Johnson, Fer- dinand Dreer Johnson, Frederick Dreer Earl, Mary M. Annin, John J. Annin, Edwin L. Annin, Ferdinand J. Dreer, Abigail Dickinson Dreer, Abigail Matilda Dreer, Ferdinand J. Dreer, Jr., Frederick Alexi Dreer, Edwin Greble Dreer, Eev. John 0. Rankin, D.D., Mrs. Rankin, Rev. James T. English, Eosella May Anderson, Charles T. Anderson, William W. Anderson, John C. Sutphen, M.D., Fanny K. Sutphen, Hugh M. Gaston, Mrs. Gaston, Miss Gaston, Isaac Gaston, Francis Rnnyon, Clarissa C. Runyon, William A. Compton, James H. Day, James S. Day. The walls of the old " Stone House," laid up with massive blocks taken from a neighboring quarry, are as sound and solid as when fir.st placed there in the colonial days. It is a quaint old building with pro- jecting eaves, in which have lived three generations of the Annin family. William Annin, great-grandson of the emigrant ancestor, was host of the mansion at the time of the centennial. The initials " W. A." and "H. S. M.," cut in the stone with the date "1766," indicate the builder, William Annin, and Hugh Sun- derland, mason. A large black walnut-tree stands on the road from Basking Ridge to Morristown. It is a historic tree. Under it near the roots is a spring, not at present used, at which Washington and La Fayette lunched when the army was moving from Morristown towards Tren- ton. The incident is not given in any history, but was communicated by La Fayette himself to the late Dr. Samuel S. Doty, who as major of militia escorted the Marquis during his visit here in 1825. This walnut- tree was struck by lightning on Sunday, June 28, 1880, which will probably destroy the old relic of by- gone ays. CHURCHES. PRBSBTTERIAN CHURCH OF BASKING RIDGE.* Among the floating statements as to the origin of this church, that which assigns to it the greatest * The following history of the Presbyterian Church of Basking Ridge is condensed from a historical discourse by Rev. John 0. Rankin, D.D.. pastor of the church since 1861, delivered August U, 1872. The discourse contains much other interesting matter, which we have given under the head of Early Settlement. 742 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. antiquity is in the' New Jersey Historical Collections (new edition, 1852, p. 442), and is in these words: " Baaking Kidge waa early settled by Scotch Presbyterians, and a log ■church erected about the year 1700." The next is in a "History of the Presbyterian Church of Madison, N. J.," drawn up some years ago by the Eev. Mr. Tuttle, then the pastor of that people. He says (pp. 10, 11), — "The iirst church ever organized in what is now the county of Morris, was the old Presbyterian Church in Whippany, which wa£ formed about 1718. ... In Baskenridge, some Scotch Presbyterian families who had settled there, were worshipping in a log meeting-house which they had erected a year or two previously." Dr. Rankin has been able to discover no data upon which these statements can be substantiated, and thinks, from evidence adduced further on in his dis- course, that the origin of the church dates from about 1720-25. There could have been no church here be- fore there were Christian inhabitants, and the earliest definite account of the settlement places it at a.d. 1717, the 24th of June of that year being the date of the Indian deed to Harrison. In 1720, Cornelius Beers, of Staten Island, bought the land then occu- pied by James Pitney, who was, without doubt, the first settler in the township, and whose name appears as one of the original trustees of the church. Henry Rolfe was also living in the neighborhood the same year, and one of his family, probably his son Samuel, was another member of the original board of trustees. There were actually settlers here, then, as early as 1720, who were active and prominent in the move- ments of the church. Among these were Pitney, Eolfe, some of the Ayers family, and probably others whose names are not mentioned. In 1728, John Budd, an elder in the Presbyterian Church at Philadelphia, in writing to his agent here, speaks of "the hundred acres I lately gave away," and in 1737 specific mention is made of his convey- ing one hundred acres — probably the same before alluded to — " for the use of a meeting-house." Here we see the source of the old parsonage farm. When and where they first assembled for worship cannot be determined. It is morally certain, however, that they were not long without some place, and the probability is that at least as early as 1725 there was a nucleus of praying men and women who came together some- where in the neighborhood to worship God. Passing now from these probabilities and conjec- tures, the first authentic date in the history of this church (the sessional records having unfortunately perished) is on the original deed of John Ayers, con- veying a certain plot of ground to Obadiah Ayers, Mordecai McKenne, James Pitney, George Pack, Samuel Eolfe, Daniel Morrice, and Thomas Eiggs. This document is dated Feb. 8, 1731, and conveys to said trustees one and one-half acres of land, " on or near the middle of which now stands a house built and intended for the exercising of religious worship in." This was no doubt the old log meeting-house of traditionary notoriety. One hundred and fifty years ago it stood on the spot of the present church, with a thickly-wooded grove around it. In all probability the first work of those sturdy pioneers, as they began to form a community here, was the erection of a school-house, where some of them taught the chil- dren of their families in winter, and where the parents assembled for prayer before they had a church or minister. The same circumstances which made this the religious centre must also have made it the edu- cational centre even earlier. The school- or session- house therefore probably went up from 1720 to 1725 ; the church soon followed, from 1725 to 1730, and was made secure to trustees, as above, Feb. 8, 1731. In 1733 the name of Basking Eidge first appears in the old ecclesiastic records of the parish, spelled uniformly in all early documents as here written, showing the purely English origin of the name. It is supposed to have been derived from the fact that the wild animals of the adjacent lands were accus- tomed to ba^k in the open forest of this beautiful ridge. There was as yet no church at Morristown ; in fact, there was no town there. The first minister of the gospel known to have labored here was the Eev. John Cross, who became a member of the Synod of Philadelphia in 1732, and seems to have begun his labors in that year. It is not known that he was ever installed as a regular pastor over the church, but it is certain that he preached here, with more or less regularity, from 1782 to 1741. He seems to have been rather a self-willed man, who followed his own course, without much regard to ecclesiastical law and order. On the next day after his reception as a member of the Synod he withdrew from the session without permission, and was cen- sured for his conduct. Three years later complaint was made to the Synod against him by his Presbytery that " he absented himself from their meetings and removed from one congregation to another without the concurrence of Presbytery." For this he was again censured, and admonished ".to be no niore chargeable with such irregularities for the future." He was not here, therefore, all these years. The reason may have been that the congregation was still too weak to " subsist alone," so that he was compelled to seek elsewhere for support. This whole region was now rapidly filling up with inhabitants, and no doubt as the size and strength of the congregation increased they gave him a better support and he gave them more labor. After a time this became his per- manent home. VISIT OF REV. GEOKGE WHITEFIELD. When the celebrated George Whitefield visited this place, Nov. 5, 1740, he stayed at Mr. Cross' house, two miles from Basking Ridge, probably the house owned by the late Judge Goltra. Whitefield speaks of a wonderful work of grace as then in progress, the first great revival, no doubt, that had occurred in this BEKNARD. Hi part of tlie country. As many as three hundred per- sons are said to have been awakened at one time under the preaching of Mr. Cross. " When I came to Basking Ridge," says Whitefield, " I found that Mr. Davenport had been preaching to the congregation. It consisted of about three hundred people. In prayer I perceived my soul drawn out and a stirring of affec- tion ambng the people. I had not discoursed long, but in every part of the congregation somebody or other began to cry out, and almost all were melted to tears. At night also there was preaching to an im- mense audience in Mr. Cross' barn, when God was present in great power. . . . Next morning I with pleasure took my leave of them, and rode agreeably, in company with many children of God, to New Brunswick, twenty-three miles from Basking Ridge.'' OTHBK MINISTERS. The last mention of the name of Mr. Cross in Presbytery or Synod occurs in 1746. His death must have occurred between that date and 1750, as in the latter year his wife, " Deborah Cross, widow," is men- tioned as buying certain land irom James Alexander. His grave is probably in the burial-ground at the church, though marked by no stone to tell where his dust reposes. His farm, which embraced several hun- dred acres, was one of the finest sections of the town- ship, and descended to his heirs. His deed to it was obtained in 1741. During his ministry, in 1737, the parsonage farm of 100 acres was given by John Budd, of Philadelphia, though it is not probable that Mr. Cross ever occupied it. In 1742, Basking Ridge and Staten Island asked for the ministerial services of Mr. Charles McKnight, the son of a Presbyterian clergyman in Ireland, and supposed to have come to this country, a young man, about the year 1740. He was taken under the care of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, June 28, 1741, and ordained on the 12th of October of the next year. He probably served both congregations. . He remained here only about two years, and in the autumn of 1744 was installed pastor of Cranberry and Allentown. During the Revolutionary war he was captured and imprisoned for a time by the British, and soon after his release died, Jan. 1, 1778. Mr. McKnight's successor, the Rev. Joseph Lamb, was called, and May 24, 1744, he removed to this place and became a member of the Presbytery of New Brunswick. No particulars of his pastorate here are known. Dr. Brownlee speaks of him as " a Scottish worthy," but he was probably a native of Connecticut, though of Scotch despent. He is the first of the pastors of this church who died in its ser- vice. His tombstone in the burying-ground bears the following inscription, which we transcribe as throw- ing light on the character of his preaching and as a specimen of the obituary literature of the age : " Here lies the remains of the Eev'd Joseph Lamb, who departed this life July 28, a.d. 1749. Etatis suee 60. *• The terrors dire from Sinai's Mount Thy mouth did once proclaim, As well as Messages of grace In thy great Master's name. But with pure ethereal fires, With Seraphim above. We hope and trust thou now dost sing The wonders of his love." The congregation had so grown under his ministry that the original log house was no longer large enough to contain the audience. It was therefore taken down, and the venerable frame building which stood for ninety years, and was then superseded by the present house, was erected. According to a well-authenti-r cated tradition, the frame of that building was put up on the very day of Mr. Lamb's death, July 28, 1749 (a brief description of it will be given at another point in the narrative), but it was doubtless in size and comfort a decided improvement on the old log house. . Following Mr. Lamb came the Rev. Samuel Ken- nedy, M.D., who was born in Scotland in 1720, and received his education at the University of Edinburgh. His theological studies were pursued in this country, under the care of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, by which he was licensed to preach in 1748 and or- dained in 1750. His settlement here took place June 26, 1751, and lasted thirty-six years, — i.e., until his death, Aug. 31, 1787. It may be remarked here that the records kept by Mr. Kennedy, according to tra- dition, were medical and ministerial accounts min- gled on the same pages of his day-book, and that they were not regarded as of sufficient importance to in- sure their preservation. The trustee book, however, is extant, and bears on its cover the following title : "The Book of the Congregation of Bernardstown, A.D. 1763, 1815." This book contains accounts, more or less full, of the doings of the parish for little more than half the time of Dr. Kennedy's ministry, — ^that is, from 1764 ; and from this time we come into clearer light respecting the history of the church. The first record in this volume is in these words : " The following is the account and proceedings of the committee ap- pointed by the Presbyterian congregation of Bernardstown (formerly called Basking Bidge) to receive and dispose of the money left to said congregation by Mr. Samuel Brown in and by his last will and testa- ment, which bears date the mh day of June, 1763." This committee consisted of Edward Lewis, John Carle, and Nathaniel Ayers, who were chosen on the 12th of November, 1764. The money bequeathed was £200, the interest of which, according to the terms of the will, was to "be yearly every year, from generation to generation forever, paid unto the regu- lar Presbyterian minister of the congregation for hia support." Among the first things found in this record is the plan of the house of worship as it then stood. It con- tained fifty-two seats on the floor and twenty-six in the gallery,— seventy-eight in all. This is the frame building which in 1749 had superseded the primitive log house. It seems to have been about 55 feet long 744 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. by 36 feet wide, having its length east and west, with pulpit in the north side, and the greater part of the seats running lengthwise of the house. Among the earliest entries these statements occur : " It was agreed that the congregation should take the parsonage place in its own care, and, instead thereof, pay Mr. Kennedy £20 yearly as an addition to his sal- ary.'' For the first year thereafter it was rented for £9, and for several succeeding years for £12. This ar- rangement, with a salary of £110 above the parsonage rent, seems to have lasted many years. In 1786 a new contract was made with Mr. Kennedy, whereby he was to receive £120 yearly and "the benefit of the parsonage free, the house and land kept in repair, and firewood cut and delivered without any of his expense." The salaiy paid to the sexton at this time was fif- teen dollars per annum, and it is stated that the par- ish-meeting of the same year "appointed Joseph Eoy and Joseph Annin to give out the lines, and John Annin and Jeremiah Sutton, clerks, to sing." Rev. Mr. Kennedy's remains lie in the church burying-ground, where his epitaph may be read. It is as follows : " Grod's holy law thy mouth proclaimed, Pare gospel flowed throut?h every vein ; To flying men thy lips proclaimed The glory of thy Saviour's name. Sleep, then, beneath this earthly clod — Thy flesh shall see its Saviour-God^ Till the bright morning shall appear. And thou thy Saviour's image bear." For nearly eight years after his death the pulpit of the church was vacant. In the winter of 1795, Mr. Robert Finley, a young licentiate of great promise, was sent by the Presbytery of New Brunswick to preach for a few Sabbaths. The attention of the con- gregation was soon fixed upon him as a pastor. Dur- ing this long vacancy they had become divided and distracted, but, with singular unanimity and high hopes, all parties united in a call for his services. He was installed on the 17th of June, 1795, and from that date began a bright period in the history of the church. The members of the session, with the pas- tor, September, 1795, were John Carle, Hugh Cald- well, Henry Southard, Thomas Kirkpatrick, Philip Lindsley, Jacob Rickey, David Lyon, John Annin, and Robert Dayton, — men who may well be regarded as "pillars of the church." The first roll of church-members now in existence was formed in 1804. There were then 227 communi- cants, of whom 74 were members before Mr. Finley's settlement, and 127 had been received during the preceding twelve months. This unusual ingathering was the result of the great revival which spread over the country at that time. During this time the Fri- day evening lecture and prayer-meeting of the church was established, which has never been intermitted to this day. The remaining years of Mr. Finley's min- istry were accompanied with accessions to the church of from one to twenty-four each year. In 1815 oc- curred a special revival, in which nearly every mem- ber of the advanced class in Mr. Finley's classical school was converted. Some nine or ten of them be- came preachers of the gospel, of whom the Rev. B. C. Taylor, D.D., pastor of the Reformed Church in Bergen, still survives, or did a few years since. Dr. Finley was a man of commanding influence, who- swayed the minds of the people among whom he moved almost at his pleasure. We shall revert to him again under the head of his celebrated classical school. Meantime, it may be remarked that after the great revival of 1803 the house of worship was found too small for the congregation, and was there- fore enlarged by adding 28 pews on the floor and 12 in the gallery, making 118 pews. The highest pew- rental was $14.74. The church underwent a similar enlargement in 1871, extending over a portion of the burying-ground, so that the headstones removed now stand in a leaning posture against the rear and side basement walls of the building, some of them the oldest monuments in the ground. Dr. Finley's pastoral relations with the church were dissolved April 22, 1817, having lasted about twenty- one years. He was released with great reluctance that he might accept the presidency of the University of Georgia, to which he had been called. His death occurred Nov. 3, 1818. His widow died Sept. 23, 1844. The successor of Dr. Finley in the pulpit of this church was the Rev. William C. Brownlee, D.D., who began his labors April 30, 1818, and was installed as pastor in June following. The congregation was now large, covering nearly all the township of Bernard and running over almost an equal territory in the ad- joining county of Morris. The people came mostly on foot or on horseback, or in an occasional farm- wagon, from New Vernon, from Long Hill, from Lib- erty Corner, from Mine Brook, and from the moun- tains towards Mendham. No other church as yet existed in all this space ; now there are eleven congre- gations besides in the same territory. One of the first works done by the new pastor was to visit his entire congregation and take a complete census of his parish- ioners. The result showed a record of 260 families, comprising in all 1700 individuals, whose names, with the ages of many, are given with scrupulous exact- ness. Among the heads of families, 7 bear the name of Doty; 6 the names of Lyon, Lewis, and Saunders ; 5 each the names of Cooper, Southard, Cross, Hand, and Miller ; 4 of Ayers, Riggs, Boyle, Lindsley, Kirk- patrick, Annin, Heath, McMurtry, Guerin, and Wil- . son ; and more than a dozen other names have three families each to represent them. The size of families, too, is an impressive feature of this list, from eight to twelve being the common number of a household. Ninety-one names have become extinct in the con- gregation in fifty years. Dr. Brownlee is described as " a broad-shouldered. BERNARD. 745 large-headed, round-faced Scotchman, with resolution and thoroughness written on every feature and ex- pressed in every tone." His pastorate was successftil, and closed, after seven and a half years, in October, 1825. He was called from here to th* professorship of languages in Rutgers College ; died Feb. 10, 1860. Two tracts written by him and published by the Amer- ican Tract Society — entitled " The General's Widow" and " The Spoiled Child" — had their incidents in the scenes of his pastorate at Basking Ridge. The suc- cessor of Dr. Brownlee was the Rev. John C. Van Dervoort, who was installed in September, 1826. He was an earnest, warm-hearted, evangelical preacher, whose labors were crowned by the ingathering of many into the church. In 1829, especially, there was an unusual revival under his ministry, fifty-six persons being converted and added to the church About this time other churches began to organize and to take away from the congregation considerable strength. New Vernon and Liberty Corner organ- ized churches of the same faith and order. Mr. Van Dervoort was released by the Presbytery to accept a call to another field in the spring of 1834, and in the autumn of the same year was succeeded by the Rev. John Anderson, who, after trial of one year, was ordained and installed Oct. 8, 1835. In a report, during his ministry, he gives " 308 families, comprising 1672 individuals, of whom 258 are mem- bers." He was, at his own request, released from the pastorate in August, 1836, and went to the Canal Street Presbyterian Church of the city of New York. After a vacancy of nearly two years, the Rev. Oscar Harris was installed pastor on the 27th of March, 1838. He was a ripe scholar, a fine theologian, an earnest, modest Christian gentleman, and commanded the respect and confidence of all who knew him. His health declining, he resigned in the spring of 1851, and in September of that year the present pastor, the Rev. John Chambers Rankin, D.D., was installed. He is the tenth in the line of regular pastors of the congregation, covering a period of 148 years from the settlement of Rev. Mr. Cross. Rev. Dr. Rankin* is a native of North Carolina,— bom May 18, 1816,— and was educated at the Univer- sity of that State, at Chapel Hill. He commenced the study of theology at Princeton in 1839, and after completing his course went as a missionary of the Presbyterian Bo'ard of Foreign Missions to India, where" he remained eight years, when declining health compelled him to return to the United States. During his pastorate of this church, a new and com- modious parsonage has been built; a new and com- fortable lecture- and Sabbath-school-room has been erected ; the church (once refitted, and then enlarged and ornamented) has been rendered as commodious and attractive as the congregation could desire ; while * He received the honorary degree of "Doctor of Divinity" in 1867, from the trustees of the College of New Jersey. (See page 624, this work). 48 the membership, which had declined to 170 in 1851, has again advanced to 260. Both the Sabbath-school and church are now in a prosperous condition. We append the following summary, which may ba convenient for reference : 1717-25. — HeligiouB settlement formed. 1725-30.— Public worship instituted. 1732-41. — Kev. John Cross, pastor. 1742-44. — Rev. Charles McKnight, pastor. 1744-49. — Bev. Joseph Lamb, paator. 1751-87. — Bev. Samuel Kennedy, pastor. 1795-1817.— Bev. Bobert Finley, D.D., pastor. 1818-25.— Eev. William C. Brownlee, pastor. 1826-34. — Bev. John C. Van Dervoort, pastor. 1834-36. — Bev. John Anderson, pastor. 1838-51. — Bev. Oscar Harris, pastor. 1851.— Kev. John 0. Bankin, D.D., pastor. PBESBYTEBIAN CHUECH OP LIBEETT COBNEE. The origin of this church is given in the following extract from the parish records : " LiBBHTT Corner, April, 1837. " The inhabitants of this plaoe assembled in the Academy, in accord- ance with public notice previously given, to adopt such measures as were requisite to the organization of a Presbyterian Church in this vicinity. A deep interest was manifested on the subject, and, after fully consider- ing the propriety and importance of the matter, the congregation unani- mously appointed Mr. William Annin to wait on the Presbytery of Bliza- bethtown at its next meeting in Bahway, and request the Presbytery to come and organize a church as soon as practicable, to be known by the name of " The Presbyterian Church of Liberty Comer." " On the application of Mr. Annin, the Presbytery appointed a com- mittee to make all suitable inquiries as to the propriety of granting the request and report at the next meeting. The committee reported at the next meeting, and the Presbytery appointed the Bev. Messrs. Abraham Williamson, Daniel H. Johnson, Thomas Cochrane, and Joseph Cory a committee to meet at Liberty Corner on the 10th of June following aud organize a Presbyterian Church, agreeably to the request made. The committee met at the time aud place above named, and a sermon was preached on the occasion by the Bev. Mr. Williamson. After the sermon the following-named persons produced certificates of their church-mem- bership, which were read and approved, viz. : Mr. Nehemiah Scofield, Mr. William Annin, Mr. John King, Mr. Samuel Cross, Mr. James Irving, Mrs. Phebe Ayers, Mrs. Sarah Cross, Mrs. Margaret Jobs, Mrs. Sarah Kirkpatrick, Mrs. Mary Dunham, Miss Hannah Ayers (from the church in Basking Eidge), Mrs. Sarah Annin, Mrs. Elizabeth King, Mis. Sarah Annin, Mrs. Nancy A. Dunham, Mrs. Elizabeth Cross, Miss Catha- rine Dunham, Mies Frances Dunham, Miss Maria Dunham, Miss Martha Dunham (from the church at New Vernon)." After the usual questions had been propounded and answered in the afBrmative, Messrs. Nehemiah Sco- field and William Annin were unanimously elected ruling elders and deacons, and were individually ordained as such. The corner-stone of the house of worship was laid on the 5th of September, 1837, by Rev. Messrs. R. K. Rodgers, of Bound Brook, Lewis Bond, of Plain- field, and Abraham Williamson, of Chester. Rev. James T. English was called to supply the church for one year. The house of worship was dedicated on Saturday, July 21, 1838, Rev. Nicholas Murray, of Elizabethtown, preaching the sermon. Oct. 23, 1838, Rev. James T. English was duly installed as the first pastor. The communion of the Lord's Supper was for the first time participated in by the church on Sunday, the 27th of August, 1838, the officiating min- ister being Rev. Lewis Bond, of Plainfield. 746 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. On the 4tli of November, 1837, the following per- sons were received to membership : Mr. Jamea Bice, Mrs. Phebe Irviug, Mrs, Sarah KiDg, Miaa Mary Lewis, Miss Abigail Parsils, Miss Harriet Scofield, Miss Sarali ADnin, Miss Mary Elizabeth Jobs, Mr. Adrian V. King, Mrs. Nancy Irving, Mrs. Sarah Cross, Miss Mary Annin, Miss Emeline Ayers, Miss Caroline Irving, Miss Sarah J. Ayers, Mrs. Ann Kue. Nov. 11, 1837, the following united with the church : Mr. William C. Annin, Mr. Thomas A. Williams, Mr, Samuel Lewis, Mr. Jesse Irving, Mr. Parsemas Castner, Mr. James Whistlecraft, Mr. George Scofield, Mr. Eugene Jobs, Mr. Lewis Miller, Mr. Samuel A. Voorhees, Mr. John Wiggins, Mrs. Phebe Brown, Mrs. Jane Voorheea, Miss Julia A. Scofield, Miss Elizabeth Annin, Miss Susan Goltra. The first church was of brick, and was used by the congregation till 1868, when the present edifice was erected on the same site at a cost of MINISTEES. Bev. James T. English, who was installed pastor Oct. 23, 1838, served the church till his death, May 17, 1873, — a faithful and successful pastorate of thirty- five years. He was born Oct. 31, 1810, and was con- sequently sixty-three years old when he died. Rev. George C. Miln, his successor, was installed pastor July 1, 1873, and remained till Nov. 23, 1874. Rev. James W. Shearer was installed June 22, 1875, and remained till May 1, 1879, when he removed to Virginia. After his removal the pulpit was supplied by various ministers up to April 5, 1880, when a call was extended to Rev. Mr. Hammond, of Jersey City, to officiate one year, which he accepted, and is now in charge of the church. The family of Rev. Mr. English still reside on the farm formerly owned by the pastor. His widow still survives ; his two sons, — N. C. and James R. English — are attorneys and counselors-at-law in the city of Eliz- beth, the former having his residence on the home- stead with his mother. A fine granite monument has been erected to the memory of Mr. English in the church burying-ground. Ruling Elders. — William Annin, elected June 10, 1837 ; died June 30, 1872. Nehemiah Scofield, elected June 10, 1837 ; dismissed Nov. 3, 1846. Isaac Lewis, elected March 8, 1838; died June 1, 1855. Joseph Alward, elected March 8, 1838; dismissed 1845. Elias Brown, elected Oct. 23, 1847; dismissed February, 1854. David Dunham, elected Oct. 23, 1847; died March 21, 1876, aged seventy. James H. Day, or- dained Nov. 13, 1855 ; still in office. Peter A. Lay- ton, ordained Nov. 13, 1855 ; died Feb. 15, 1873, aged sLxty-one. Daniel Annin, ordained Nov. 13, 1855 ; still in office. John Compton, ordained Nov. 13, 1855 ; still in office. Daniel S. Doty, ordained Nov. 13, 1855; dismissed Nov. 13, 1875. David Halsey Dunham, removed to Bound Brook ; Jerome Helde- brant. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH OF BASKING EIBGB. The first Methodist preachers in this place were the pastors stationed at Mendham and Bernardsville, who began to hold services here in 1854, in which year Rev. William Day, preacher in charge at Bernards- ville, succeeded in building a church edifice. He commenced with his own hands the excavation for the foundation, and Bishop Janes, with his ox-team, carted the first stone. This exhibition of zeal on the part of minister and bishop aroused the co-operation of earnest friends, and the building was carried on to completion. In 1858, Rev. George F. Dickinson was the pastor. During this year the church bought and laid out grounds for a cemetery, which has since been enlarged. Rev. Solomon Parsons was pastor in 1859. He was followed by George W. Sovereign in 1860, and dur- ing that year the basement of the church was com- pleted and made ready for Sunday-school-, prayer-, and other meetings. The years 1861-62 were years of marked prosperity to the church, under the pas- toral care of Rev. William N. Searles. In 1863 it was made into a circuit with New Vernon and Green Village, and Rev. W. C. and C. R. Barnes were min- isters in charge. Mr. Barnes, being a local preacher, was recommended to the Annual Conference. The next year the charge was modified by leaving off Green Village, and Rev. J. W. Young was pastor. This being a year of great excitement, on account of the war, the spiritual interest of the church rather declined ; but during the next two, under Rev. S. N. Bebout, pastor at Basking Ridge and Pleasant Plains, quite a number of accessions were made and the prosperity of the church was much revived. In 1867, Rev. E. Clement was sent to the charge, being the first under the three years' rule. He was a popular and successful pastor. Rev. B. F. Simpson succeeded him in 1870, until July, when failing health compelled him to resign, and his place was filled by the appointment of Rev. Charles Woodruff During his pastorate Rev. Mr. Woodruff compiled a history of the church, from which the present facts have been mainly gathered. Mr. Woodruff remained in charge for three years, since which have been the following ministers: Rev. Samuel P. Lacey, 1873-75; Rev. Joseph W. Dally, 1875-79; Rev. Joseph A. Owen, 1879 ; Rev. C. A. Wambaugh, 1880. The church has a membership at present of 110, and a Sunday-school of about 100 members. The following are the trustees and other officers : Trustees.— T). D. Craig, Waters Burrows, S. R. De Coster, William Van Doren, Archibald Baird, W. F. Muchmore, Oscar Conklin, O. W. Brown, W. H. Dikeman. Stewards.— B. R. De Coster, William Allen, O. W. Brown, Isaac W. Keeler, Archibald Baird, Benjamin Woodruff, Ezra Dayton. Nicholas Bowers, local preacher. BERNAKDSVILLE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH was organized in 1846, with seven male and ten female members. It was included in the Mendham charge BERNAKD. U7 up to 1852, Bernardsville being called " Vealtown." The first board of trustees consisted of Roderick A. Mitchell, John S. Adams, John S. Quimby, James Barton, Elias Hight, Lewis D. Saunders, and Hiram W. Cummings, — all the male members of the church at that time. The first church edifice was erected in 1846, and dedicated that year, on the 27th of December, Eev. D. W. Bartine preaching the sermon. The cost of the building was $977.30. In 1871 the house was re- modeled and refurnished. The present parsonage was purchased in 1865. From the organization of the church down to the present time no debt has been allowed to accumulate. The new church edifice is ■one of the most beautiful and convenient ecclesiastical structures in this portion of the State. It was dedi- cated on Sunday, June 28, 1880, by Eev. 0. D. Foss, Bishop Foster preaching the dedicatory sermon. This church has been erected at a cost of $10,000, and is the gift to the parish of Mr. George I. Seney, presi- dent of the Metropolitan Bank of New York, and one of the lay delegates of the New York East Con- ference to the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Seney owns a summer resi- dence at Bernardsville, and, besides his generosity to this parish, has been a liberal donor to the Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Conn. The church since its organization has had the fol- lowing pastors : Henry Trumbower, Mr. Beagle, Ed- ward Grifieth, Mordecai Stokes, Robert Harris, R. S. Arndt, William Day, Wesley Wood, William Day, E. A. Day, H. J. Hayter, Matthias Swaim, B. 0. Parvin, J. F. Dodd, W. W. Voorhees, J. B. Taylor, W. H. Hagerty, H. J. Hayter, J. W. Hayes, H. C. McBride, C. Clark, Jr., J. R. Adams, and C. C. Winans. The church now numbers 105 members, and has a prosperous Sunday-school of 75, besides a school on Mine Mount of 40 members. Religious services are also held there by the pastors once in two weeks. THE MILLINGTON BAPTIST CHDBCH was the outgrowth of a great revival at Mount Bethel and contiguous country in the winter of 1850-51, under the labors of Rev. Edward C. Ambler, assisted by one other evangelist. Protracted meetings were held during a greater part of the winter at Mount Bethel and in neighboring school -houses, and among those who attended and shared in the religious awak- ening were many belonging to the neighborhood of Millington. It was thought best, at the close of the revival, that such should be organized into a separate church in their own locality. The first meeting in order to consider such organization was held in the school-house May 2, 1851, and two days later a letter of dismissal from the Mount Bethel Church was granted to fifty-two persons, who formed the nucleus of the church at Millington. The organization was efiected on the 20th of May, and the council recog- nized it May 21, 1851. On the 24th of the same month deacons were chosen and rules of order and articles of church discipline agreed upon. The dear cons were ordained at a communion service on the 2d of October, 1852, the meeting-house being at that time opened and dedicated. The church, being thus organized and a house of worship provided, grew rapidly. It has been deemed worthy of notice by the pastor that the large increase was through baptism, and was acquired chiefly in seasons of revival, rather than by steady ingathering from year to year. Not that such has been altogether wanting, but there are numbers of years in which there are no records of admissions by baptism ; while, on the other hand, there has been one year, at least, in each pastorate when an especial interest was awak- ened and numbers baptized. The first pastor of this church was Rev. E. 0. Ambler, who resigned the pastorate of the Mount Bethel Church to assume charge of this in 1851. He continued in charge till November, 1854, and early in that year one of the revivals occurred, in which twenty-one members were added by baptism. Rev. Andrew Hopper began his labors in Decem- ber, 1854, under form of a supply for the winter and spring, and was chosen pastor on the 5th of February, 1855. Under his preaching a revival occurred in 1858, and from Feb. 8th to Aug. 8th, forty-five were baptized and became members of the church. The pastorate of Mr. Hopper closed in September, 1864, after a duration of ten years. He was succeeded by Rev. Zelotes Grenell, called June 30, 1865, who remained five years and nine months. There was also a revival during his pastor- ate (fi-om Dec. 22, 1866, to March 23, 1867), in which thirty-one were added by baptism. He closed his pas- toral relation in December, 1870. After an interval of a few months a call was ex- tended to Rev. Peter Gibb, the present pastor, April 6, 1871. He soon after accepted and entered upon his labors. During all the years since there have been some baptisms each year, — in 1872, '73, '74, and '75 ; in each year from three to six, — ^but the chief rer vival was in 1876, when (up to the date of the report which we follow) the additions were twenty-one. Over three hundred names have been added to the church record, first and last, but they have been re- duced by death, removal, and other causes, so that the present number is 142. The Sunday-school contains a membership of 66. Mr. Oliver R. Stelle has been treasurer and chorister of the church since its organi- zation. The clerks have been Francis Runyon, David R. Runyon, and Isaac S. Runyon. The pastor. Rev. P. Gibb, resides at the parsonage, near Liberty Corner, which was purchased about 1873. SI. MABK'S (EPISCOPAL) CHURCH, BASKING RIDGE. Rev. Charles W. Rankin, now of Baltimore, organ- ized the parish of St. Mark's in 1850. There were 748 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. three or four Episcopalian families in the neighbor- hood, — to -wit, the family of Mrs. Thompson, consisting of five or six adult persons ; the family of Israel Bedell, of Staten Island, consisting of Israel Bedell, Jr., his mother, and five children, — and Bishop Doane, of the diocese of New Jersey, made to these families an- nual visitations. Rev. Mr. Rankin, while rector of St. Peter's, Moriistown, in 1851, interested himself in pastoral labors here, and in the winter of 1851-52 the church edifice was built. The deed for the lot bears date Nov. 18, 1851. It was made by Patrick and Ann Matthews to Albert I. Bedell, James H. Thompson, and Charles W. Rankin, conditioned upon being always for purposes of the church, or otherwise to revert to the heirs of Patrick Matthews. The church was consecrated in May, 1852, by Bishop Doane. The communicants have numbered as high as forty, but at present the membership is somewhat less. St. Mark's was under the rectorship of St. Peter's, at Morristown, till the diocese was divided and it be- came part of the Southern Diocese of New Jersey. The parish was reorganized in 1871 by Rev. Edward E. Boggs, and is at present an appendage of St. Mark's, Mendham. Since 1871, Rev. Messrs. Boggs, Coleman, Charles F. Kennedy, Henry Swentzel, W. Morrell, W. Wilson, Earl, and Baker have officiated as rectors. ST. JAMES' CATHOLIC CHUECH. There is also at Basking Ridge a Catholic Church of the above name. Erastus Drummond bought the land for the church site of David Demerest, who oc- cupied the building, converted into a church in 1860, for a wheelwright-shop. The first priest who organ- ized services here was Father McAnulty. Father Poals, of Mendham, is the present pastor. SCHOOLS. BASKING BIDGE CLASSICAL SCHOOL. Rev. Samuel Kennedy, M.D., who was ordained pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Basking Ridge in 1750, was the founder of a classical school during his pastorate which, under his administration and that of Rev. Robert Finley, his successor, became somewhat famous. Dr. Kennedy was for a consid- erable time at the head of this school. "Being a highly accomplished scholar and possessing great wisdom and energy as a disciplinarian, his school was extensively patronized, and sent many of its pupils to the College of New Jersey." Rev. Robert Finley's success in the same direction was still more noted. In the year 1799 two lads of about the same age commenced the study of the Latin grammar together, under the instruction of Dr. Fin- ley. Their names were Samuel Lewis Southard and Jacob Kirkpatrick. Their parents resided within the bounds of the parish and were members of Dr. Fin- ley's church. He was recently entered upon the duties of a pastor, and but lately from the College of New Jersey. From the combined motive of doing good and obtaining a livelihood, he conceived the en- terprise of an academy. The two lads above named formed a nucleus around which a number clustered until there was formed in that place a large and flourishing classical school. " They had progressed part way through the Latin grammar (Ruddiman's) when they were joined by Philip Lindsley, a youth from the same neighbor- hood. He had been a short time at school at Morris- town, but he fell into the saine class. A short time again elapsed when a fourth one arrived. He wrote his name Jacob R. T. Frelinghuysen. He was the son of Gen. Frederick Frelinghuysen" (then living at Millstone, the old county-seat of Somerset County) " of Revolutionary memory. These four constituted the first class of the Academy of Basking Ridge, under the care of Rev. R. Finley. We were guided" (says the writer) " in our studies of the different clas- sics, which then constituted the course in the lower classes of the College of New Jersey, till the com- mencement of the college, then the last Wednesday of September, A.d. 1802. " We presented ourselves for examination before Dr. 8. S. Smith, then president of the college, and were admitted to a standing in the Junior Class. . . ." This class completed its course and graduated in September, 1804. It was a class of men who subse- quently made their mark and left their names carved high in the temple of fame, containing, as it did. Rev. Philip Lindsley, D.D., Rev. Jacob Kirkpatrick, D.D., Rev. Nathaniel S. Prime, D.D., Rev. Alfired Ely, D.D., Hon. Samuel L. Southard, Hon. Theodore Freling- huysen, Hon. George Chambers, Hon. Thomas H. Crawford, Hon. Joseph R. Ingersoll, to mention no others. Dr. Jacob Kirkpatrick became a very distinguished clergyman. His room-mate. Dr. Philip Lindsley, was a man of great originality and power, and dis- tinguished himself as an educator of youth. He was twenty-six years president of the University of Nash- ville, Tenn., from 1824 to 1850, and left a son who succeeded him in that responsible position, — John Berrien Lindsley, M.D., D.D., of Nashville, Tenn. The careers of Mr. Frelinghuysen and Mr. Southard as counselors-at-law and as statesmen prove them to have been men of mark, and have made them an honor to their native State. Hon. William L. Dayton, Rev. Symmes Henry, D.D., and many others, were prepared for college at Dr. Finley's school. Commodore Stockton was once a student here. The old rectangular, three-story brick building in which the school was held is still standing, and used for public school purposes. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The public schools of the township have always been a subject of interest to citizens, and have been well supported. The township is divided into eight school districts, as follows: Bernardsville, Basking BERNARD. 749 Ridge, Mine Mount, Mine Brook, Franklin, Mount Pleasant, Liberty Corner, and Pleasant Valley. The school-house in the first is of stone ; in the second, brick ; all the rest are wood. The aggregate value of the school property for the year ending Aug. 31, 1879, is reported at $9200. Whole number between the ages of five and eighteen, 701 ; average number of months the schools have been kept open, 10 ; number enrolled, 522 ; average attendance, 245 ; number of teachers employed, 9; Basking Ridge being the only school which employs two teachers. Of the whole number of teachers employed, 4 were male and 5 female. The total amount of money received from all sources for public school purposes was $3384.50. BURIAL-PLACES. The oldest burial-place in the township is that at Basking Ridge, the deed for which bears date Feb. 8, 1731. The oldest gravestone discovered in this ground is that of Henry Haines, who died June 9, 1736; but there were probably earlier interments, the first settlers having arrived from 1717 to 1725. Tra- dition says that the late Col. John Brees is known to have spoken of seeing a stone with the date 1719, though it cannot be found now. The ground is in- closed by a strong stone wall, and filled thickly with graves bearing the names of representatives of the old families and their descendants for four and five gen- erations. Many quaint and interesting inscriptions might be given did space permit. We give only that of the oldest person buried here : " Here lies the body of Jolin McCollum, who departed this life April the 18, A.D., 1760, in the 103d year of his age." The other churchyards which contain repositories of the dead are of a considerable later date, and pre- sent nothing worthy of special mention. INDUSTRIES. The industries of the people of this township are chiefly agricultural. The farming is of two kinds, — grain-raising and general crops and dairying. The milk of the dairies mostly goes to supply the Newark market, but of late much of it is made into an excel- lent quality of butter at the creameries, so called, several of which exist in the township. The abun- dance of pure spring water is a great advantage in this regard. Agriculture is carried on in the township, generally with the most improved implements. There being no large towns, the employment for mechanics is limited. MILLS. Ferdinand Van Dorn's mill is situated on the head- waters of the Passaic, on the line between Somerset and Morris Counties. It is a large stone mill, three run of stones, furnished with the most improved ma- chinery, and grinds both custom and merchant flour. Saw-mill on the Passaic, owned by James Osborn, does a considerable business for the New York and California trade ; propelled by water-power. Spoke- and felloe-factory at Madisonville, run by steam; also a water saw-mill between Madisonville and Bernardsville. Richard Irving, proprietor. Saw-mill owned by Widow McMurtry, above Van Doren's, on the Passaic. Flour- and grist-mill, owned by B. Guerin, on Mine Brook, at Bernardsville; custom mill; two run of stones. Below, on the same stream, is a custom flour- and feed-mill, owned by the Bunn Brothers, — Thomas and John Bunn. It is a large four-story stone mill, three run of stones, and has an up-and-down and circular- saw attachment for cutting lumber of any length or dimensions; also cider-making and distilling apple brandy is carried on at this establishment quite ex- tensively. Mine Brook Mill, Charles Baker, proprietor; two run of stones, and does a general custom and mer- chant business. Grist- and saw-mill of James Bunn, on a mountain- stream in the northwest part of the township. Saw-mill and brush-back-factory, on the North Branch of the Raritan River, in the extreme north- western part of the township, owned by Peter Z. Smith, and carried on by his son, Oscar Smith. Hub-factory of the Ludlow Brothers, farther down the Branch. Proprietors, Isaiah and James Ludlow. Leason's, formerly Dunn's, Mills, on the line be- tween Somerset and Morris Counties; custom flour and feed. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. BASKING KIDGB is the oldest and most considerable village in the township, and was settled the earliest of any portion of it.* It contains four churches,— Presbyterian, Epis- copal, Methodist Episcopal, and Roman Catholic ; a graded public school, occupying a brick building; two general stores. Putney O. Belding and Parmenas 0. Henry, proprietors; grocery- and fancy-store, Mary and Ida Brown; bakery, P. O. Belding; tin and hardware, William R. Bromfield ; drugs, James Doty, M.D.; post-ofice, P. C. Henry, postmaster; and telegraph-office, kept in Dr. Doty's store. The place has, besides, one carriage-shop, J. C. Oliver; blacksmiths, John R. HoUingshead, Freeman Pen- nington ; creamery (for milk, butter, and cheese), S. S. Beach & Co. There are six physicians — viz., Drs. John Dayton, Amadee Voorhees, Frederick C. Jones, William Pennington, James Doty, and D. H. G. Whitnall— and one lawyer, John H. McCracken, Esq., business office in Newark. The names of the clergy- men are given in connection with the church his- tories. The number of inhabitants is about 800. BERNARDSVILLE was formerly called " Vealtown," and was changed to its present name at the suggestion of Roderick A. Mitchell, who settled in the place in 1840. Lord * See Early Settlement. 750- SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Stirling and Capt. John Parker were the original proprietors of the soil in this vicinity, forty acres of which were bought by Judge Woods, of Morristown, about 1778. Considerable of this tract was subse- quently bought by Dr. John Boylan, an old and dis- tinguished physician, who practiced many years in the place during the early half of the present century. He had five or six sons and one daughter, who died in 1864, leaving her property to Margaret Cole, wife of Charles Quimby. Tradition says that when Washington's army was at Morristown a disagreement arose about the pay of some of the Virginia soldiers, and in consequence a portion of them started for Virginia, and came as far as " Vealtown." An officer was sent after them, and in the old tavern kept by Capt. Parker they signed an agreement to continue in the service. The old tavern is still standing, and is the Mitchell homestead, purchased by Roderick A. Mitchell in 1840. Thirty- three years before, Mr. Mitchell had been taken to the house, a child of seven years, by his mother, who was passing through the place and was detained over- night by an accident to her carriage. The old tavern was then kept by one Whitenack. Mr. Mitchell is now seventy-four years of age ; was a seafaring man in early life, and a sailor on board the ship " Cadmus," Capt. Howard, which brought La Fayette to America in 1824. John Bunn was one of the prominent early settlers. He came here a poor young man and accumulated large property. He left ten children, two of whom — John and Thomas Bunn — own the stone mill at Ber- nards ville. John H. Anderson was one of the most influential men of this section. He was surrogate of the county of Somerset, member of both houses of the Legisla- ture, and judge of the Common Pleas. He was also a director in the Delaware and Passaic (formerly the West Line) Railroad. His son, J. L. Anderson, is a graduate of Princeton, and resides on the old estate with his mother. George Anderson, the oldest son, is a graduate of West Point Military Academy, and has served on the Western frontier. He has also more recently been a teacher at West Point. Capt. Nehemiah Norris, who commanded a company at Sandy Hook during the war of 1812, resided in this vicinity. He left a family 6f sons and daughters, of whom only two are now living, — viz., Caroline, wife of R. A. Mitchell, and Harriet, wife of Ferdinando Rush. There are at Bernardsville two general stores, kept respectively by Thomas Bird and Calvin D. Smith. The latter is also postmaster. The Bernardsville Ho- tel is kept by E. L. Doty. There are two blacksmiths, — Robert Young and Oscar Wright; milliner and dressmaker, Mrs. Hall. The Methodist Episcopal church is a neat and commodious structure recently dedicated. Several wealthy New York men have summer resi- dences in the vicinity. Among them may be named George I. Seney, president Metropolitan Bank, New York ; A. V. Stout, president Shoe and Leather Man- ufacturers' Bank, New York; and George B. Post, the well-known architect. New York. LIBEKTT COBNEB was formerly known as " Annin's Corner," on account of the settlement there at a very early day of John Annin, the patriarch of the Annin family. Tradition says that the name was originally spelled " Annan," and that the ancestors lived at Annandale, Scotland.* As most of the early settlers of this portion of the township have been referred to elsewhere, we shall omit further mention of them for want of space. At Liberty Corner are Augustus Fohling and John Y. Bird, shoe-manufacturers ; P. F. Randolph, corn- planters and fertilizer-distributors ; Dennis Van Liew, Liberty Corner Hotel ; John Compton, agricultural implements ; Peter Taylor, wheelwright ; L. Manker, harness-maker ; Irving & Layton, undertakers ; Wil- liam Lockwood, house and sign painter ; James D. Van Derveer, physician. The section of country about Liberty Corner is devoted chiefly to dairying, the milk being sent to Newark. MADISONVILLB is a small hamlet north of Basking Ridge, containing Irving's store, blacksmith-shop by Jacob Van Arsdale, and some ten or fifteen residences. The old stage-line from Basking Ridge to Bound Brook, founded by Solomon D. Gilespie, of Basking Ridge, is still run by his son Samuel. Stephen D. Gilespie runs a hack from Liberty Corner to Lyon's Station, on the Delaware and Passaic Railroad, daily, carrying the mail. A branch of the Delaware, Lack- awanna and Western Railroad passes through the township, connecting Bernardsville, Newark, and other points. The advantages of this road bring in many New Yorkers, who do business in that city and have their residences during the summer among the beautiful and health-inspiring hills of Bernard. MASONIC. Clinton Lodge, No. 8, A. F. and A. M., located at Basking Ridge, was chartered Nov. 13, 1827, as Basking Ridge Lodge, No. 56. The charter members were Edward A. Darcey, W. M. ; Cornelius Ludlow, S. W. ; and Dr. Samuel S. Doty, J. W. This lodge survived the Morgan excitement by being removed to several places of safety.f It was finally returned to its birthplace, where it has ever since held its regular communications. We append the following list of officers for the year 1880 : C. H. * See account of the Annin family, in other parts of this work. t The records of the Grand Lodge of tlie State of New Jersey show that a petition to remove to Little Cross-Eoads was granted NoTomber, 1829 ; petition granted to move to Peapack, November, 1830 ; in 1831 to remove- to Chester, Morris Co., and change name to " Clinton Lodge, No. 66." In January, 1848, Clinton Lodge, No. 8, petitioned to remove to Peapack, and ' in January, 1855, to remove to Basking Bidge. BERNARD. 751 Ames, P. M., W. M. ; N. C. Bonnell, P. M., S. W. ; George Browne, J. W.; N. Compton, Jr., Treas.; Thomas Terrell, Sec; N. C. Cox, P. M., S. D. ; George L. Rickey, J. D. ; C. D. Todd, P. M., M. of C. ; Samuel Humphrey, M. of C. ; S. S. Adamson, P. M., Steward ; George H. Logan, Steward ; 0. W. Brown, Tiler. Communications are held twice a month. TOWNSHIP STATISTICS. Amount of floating debt, $1121.13 ; interest, $224.21 ; total, $1345.34. Amount of real property, $1,662,685; deduction therefrom, $255,725. Amount of personal property, $274,525 ; deduction therefrom, $109,755. Total amount of real and personal property taxed, $1,661,730. Eate of tax: State purposes, 5 per cent.; county purposes, 20 per cent. ; local purposes, — township, 10 per cent. ; school, 20 per cent. ; roads, 15 per cent. ; poor, 15 per cent. Amount of tax ordered to be raised, $13,906.70. Annual expenses, township purposes, $1000. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. FERDINAND VAN DORN was bom at Peapack, Somerset Co., N. J., on the 17th of April, 1807. His early life was spent at that place, where he engaged in various enterprises, chiefly in connection with his father's large business, till the year 1842. With a view of establishing himself on a good and eligible mill-site, and of pursuing an oc- cupation with which he had already become familiar, he bought, in 1842, the Richard Southard place, on the Passaic River, where he now resides. A mill had been built here in 1768 by Samuel Lewis, the mater- nal great-grandfather of Samuel L. Southard, but it was not of such structure or capacity as suited the purpose of Mr. Van Dorn. He selected a site about two hundred yards below, where he was enabled to increase the fall from eight to twenty feet, and in 1843 erected a stone mill which is a model for solidity of structure and equipments. It is said to be the finest flouring-mill in Somerset County. The building and management of this mill, the large business of purchasing and marketing which it has necessitated, the care of the farm, the building of the pleasant and home-like residences in its vicinity, and the improve- ment and ornamentation of the grounds, which occupy a delightful slope on the bank of the Passaic, have occupied the chief attention of Mr. Van Dorn since he settled here, in 1842. Still, he has found time, as he has always had the liberality and the means, to identify himself largely with the public interests of his township and neighborhood, and to do much for the beautifying of his home and the education of his children. He is one of the most thrifty, enterprising, and intelligent citizens of the township in which he resides, and which has called him more frequently FERDINAND VAN DORN. than has been consonant with his wishes to exercise the functions of offices of trust and responsibility. Mr. Van Dorn married Phebe Woodward on the 13th of October, 1831, and has ten children, all living, whose names are as follows : Angeline, who married William B. McMurtry, of Basking Ridge ; Caroline, who married George Quimby and settled in Kansas ; William, who married Susan Augusta Robinson and resides at the mill of which he has charge; Julia Ann, wife of Rev. George Dickinson, of Newark ; Josephine, wife of Rev. Matthias F. Swaim, who died in Florida; Gilbert, who married Jane Ann Stevens and lives in St. Augustine, Fla. ; Eugene, a farmer on the home estate, who married Maggie H. Bar- calow; Anna B., wife of Alfred A. Lewis, M.D., of Morristown, N. J. ; and two unmarried children, — viz., Catharine Isabella and Richard Southard Van Dorn, a medical student at the College of New York. This brief sketch would be incomplete were we to close without suitable mention of Mrs. Van Dorn, the estimable wife and mother, who departed this life April 15, 1878. An obituary notice published at the time of her death contains the following : "Phebe Woodward Van Dorn, daughter of Samuel Woodward and Phebe Southard, was born Feb. 14, 1812, on the homestead near Basking Ridge, N. J., where her ancestors had lived for half a century. Here were passed her childhood and youth, wher© she became well known for beauty of person and ex- 752 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. cellence of character. At the age of Jiineteen she married Ferdinand Van Dorn, then of Peapack, and at once entered upon a life of the greatest domestic activity. Her husband engaged ardently in the busi- ness enterprises of the day, and they began together the struggle of life, — to improve their surroundings, to develop the resources of the neighborhood, and to acquire a competency against declining days. After a few years Mr. Van Dorn purchased the homestead property at Basking Eidge, and, removing thence with his wife, she lived to the end of her days on the spot where she was born. A plan of improvements upon this place began immediately, which extended through a series of years. Lands were reclaimed, the water- power was enlarged, aqueducts were laid to last for centuries to come, the well-known stone mill and other buildings were erected, giving employment to a large number of mechanics and laborers. These, as was customary, were boarded in the family, de- manding of the housewife superior skill in manage- ment, and untiring diligence in prosecuting the do- mestic labors of the day. But she proved equal to every emergency, never delegating her authority to another, but taking the lead and direction of all household matters with such a quiet system of prompt- ness and patience that without bustle or confusion or fretting and scolding everything moved smoothly on in her department. A foreman of the mechanics who worked there months together, said that he never knew the dinner-bell, calling them to an abundant meal, to vary five minutes from the appointed hour. " As the years went by a numerous family gathered around her; ten children, all living and grown to years, at home, under her motherly care, ' rise up to call her blessed.' Thirty-five grandchildren live to treasure- her memory through future years. She also saw her children's children to the third generation. Without being demonstrative, she took a quiet enjoy- ment in gratifying the demands of childhood, and the troop of children and grandchildren who delighted to romp around her home will remember in after- years, as the bright days of early life come up before them, the many little comforts and ' goodies' prepared for their pleasure. " She was also social in her nature, and hosts of friends thronged the house, whom, though they added to the multitude of cares of her already busy life, she was pleased to entertain." Many years ago she united with the Presbyterian Church in Basking Ridge, and, though distant from the church and taxed with worldly cares and influ- ences not likely to develop Christian graces, she always maintained a true Christian spirit. Whenever de- tained at home the Bible was invariably her Sunday book, which she seemed to read with daily renewed satisfaction. " In looking at such a life, we are constrained to say, ' Not all heroism is shown on battle-fields.' The spirit that so courageously carries such burdens in the retirement of domestic life, stimulated only by the purpose to perform each duty, deserves to rank with those whom the thoughtful delight to honor, and to be cherished in grateful memory by those who have been blessed by the toils. When these fall asleep at the end of the journey, we may follow them with the comforting thought, ' They rest from their labors, and their works do follow them.'" OLIVER DUNSTBR. Charles Dunster, the original ancestor of the family in this country, came from England. He was the English proprietor of the Dunster tract in Bernard township, consisting of seven thousand five hundred acres of land, extending from Mine Brook to the Morris county line, bounded on the west by the North Branch of the Earitan, and on the east by the Passaic River. A portion of this land is still in the Dunster family, being owned by Oliver Dunster ; it passed out of the hands of the original family, and one hundred and fifty acres were purchased by Oliver Dunster in 1852. Charles Dunster had one son, James, and two daughters. James married a Woodward, and had sons, — Oliver, James, John, Andrew, and Daniel. Oli- ver Dunster, Sr., was the father of the present Oliver Dunster, of Mine Brook. Oliver Dunster was born in Bernard township, July 9, 1811 ; married Abigail Sanders, of Bernard town- ship, Jan. 17, 1835. The following are their children : John B., born Dec. 10, 1835 ; JeflTerson J., born Feb. 18, 1887 ; Mary Ann, born Jan. 25, 1839 ; Andrew N., born Dec. 20, 1840 ; Cyrus S., died in infancy ; H. P., born Sept. 25, 1847 ; Curtis O., born July 12, 1849 ; Mary A., born July 15, 1854 ; Frank A., born March 28, 1856. Of these the following are deceased : Mary Ann, died Sept. 15, 1854 ; Jefferson J., died April 14, 1878. Mr. Dunster, on account of the loss of his father's property, was left a poor boy, and was indentured to Oliver Woodward at the age of six years to serve for food and clothing till he should attain his legal ma- jority at the age of eighteen. He grew up a youth of wonderful energy, both physical and mental, and as he advanced in age his capabilities for work and business increased. Frequently, after doing his full day's work at wages, he took jobs to chop and saw cordwood by moonlight, and thus increased largely the profits of his labors. In connection with pro- digious and indefatigable energy, he developed a remarkable business capacity and powers of acquisi- tion and economy which turned his work to the best account in the acquirement of property. He had in a pre-eminent degree the faculty for making money, and he never spent it unnecessarily or foolishly. An instance may be related illustrative of this fact. When he was a small boy, at the age of ten, Mr. Woodward gave him ten cents to spend at a Fourth-of- DAVID W. KING. BERNARD. 753 July celebration at Basking Eidge. He spent four cents, and came home at night with six cents in his pocket. From that day forward he has never been without money. (His oldest son married Mr. Wood- ward's daughter, to whom he was indentured.) In 1830 he commenced doing business for_ himself ; jobbed for two years by the month and day; then bought a team and commenced carting charcoal to New York City, buying wood by the acre, chopping the timber into cordwood, rails, etc., and converting the refuse into charcoal, which brought a good price in New York. "While hauling coal to New York in 1834 he saw the foundations laid of that famous prison, the Tombs, and of the Astor House, then being built. He has followed as a business through life, in addition to farming, dealing in wood, charcoal, and tanner's bark ; the bark business he has followed con- secutively for fifty-one years. He has so managed this business as to bring out of it the highest finan- cial results, and to secure a handsome competence for himself and family. He is a man of original thought and genius, — has his own ideas and his own way of doing things. Be- ginning life without education or means, he has edu- cated himself in a practical sense by experience and observation. To this he has added the benefits of extensive travel, having visited the Pacific coast, California, and been in all the States of the Union. He has taken no part in politics, except to vote regularly the Democratic ticket, and on occasions to exert his electioneering abilities in favor of some favorite candidate or against the election of some undesirable man to office. He has never sought office for himself. The above sketch has been written on Mr. Dunster's seventieth birthday, and he seems as young and active as a man of fifty. His powers of body and mind are unimpaired. At the date of this writing we have seen his indenture to Mr. Woodward as ap- prentice, made Feb. 28, 1818, signed by Oliver Wood- ward and witnessed by Samuel S. Doty and John Beam. DAYID W. KING. David W. King was born near Liberty Corner, in Bernard township, Somerset Co., N. J., Aug. 23, 1817. He is a son of William and Phebe (Hayden) King, the former a native of Liberty Corner, Somerset Co., where he was bom March 17, 1793. His father be- fore him, John M. King, was born in the same place, his father, Marcus King, being the first of the name who settled there at a very early time, when this por- tion of New Jersey was a wilderness. Marcus King was born on board a vessel ofi' Sandy Hook, aod was the first printer at New Amsterdam, now the city of New York. The King estate in Bernard township was settled many years before the Eevolution, and became during that eventful period historic ground. The "alarm post" erected by Washington when he had his head- quarters at Morristown was on the old King estate, now owned by David W., John W., and Adrian V. King. The ground on which it was erected and stood till after the war is an elevation commanding an extensive view of the surrounding country. The soldiers of Washington lay many a night in the old house still standing on the western part of the estate, where the Kings of the second and third generation were born. The main part of the house now occu- pied by David W. King (the old Compton place) was built before the Eevolution, and was occupied by sol- diers during the war. John M. King was too young to become a soldier, and did not enter the service. The Kings and Comptons are related through Phebe Hayden, wife of William King, whose mother was Betsey Compton. William King, father of the subject of this sketch, was a prominent farmer, and a zealous and exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Mount Horeb. He drew the first stick of timber for the erection of this church in 1824, and was an active member of it till his death. He died Oct. 28, 1867, aged seventy-four years, seven months, and ten days. His wife Phebe died Jan. 29, 1876, aged eighty-four years and nine months. They had ten children, one of whom died in infancy. The four brothers, John W., Adrian V., Abraham, and the subject of this sketch, David W. King, all lived in Bernard township. David W. King's early life was spent on the farm and in attending school, fi-om which he received a good business education. He married for his first wife Adelia Varian, daughter of George W. and sister of Col. Varian, of New York, April 28, 1847. She died Dec. 24, 1848.' June 2, 1852, he married Ade- line Erving, who was born in New York, July 8, 1830, and is the daughter of John M. Erving, who came from New York on the 1st day of November, 1837, and purchased the place on which Mr. King now resides. He died here after a residence of eigh- teen years, and his remains, with those of his wife, Hannah Erving, rest in the family burying-ground. He was born at Bound Brook, was noted as an Aboli- tionist, and was very successful in his business. Mr. and Mrs. King have two children, — viz., Har- lan Asbury and William King. Mr. King is a self- made man in the best sense of that term, having by his own energy and enterprise acquired a high repu- tation for sagacity and integrity in business and an ample competence for himself and family. His large and well-cultivated farm is one of the finest in Som- erset County, and few more desirable homes are to be found in any agricultural section of the country. He is a member of the church at Mount Horeb, with which his father was so long and worthily connected, and is an earnest supporter of the principles of the Eepublican party. 754 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. PETER Z. SMITH. Peter Z. Smith, son of Zackariah. Smith, was born in Bernard township, Somerset Co., N. J., Dec. 28, 1808. His father was an early settler on the place where Mr. Smith now resides. It is on the North Branch of the Earitan, not far from Peapack, and noted of late years for the immense gatherings of the Smith de- scendants, who assemble there in annual picnic. Zackariah Smith married Mary Smith, a lady of the same name, but no kin, — a fact which has enabled the subject of this sketch to say, in his humorous way, there could be no question of his title to the name, as his father and mother were both Smiths. Zackariah Smith was a farmer, and one of the most excellent of men. He was a pillar in the Reformed Church of Bedminster, of which he was for many years both deacon and elder. The present saw-mill on the premises was built by him about the year 1800, and a few years later he built the present family resi- dence, having previously lived in a double log house, the remains of which may still be seen on the picnic- ground. Mr. Peter Z. Smith inaugurated the family picnic, with the motto, " In Memory of our Ances- tors," in 1876. It has since been held annually in September, and there have been in attendance at one time more than three thousand relatives, coming from nearly every State in the Union, and some from as far off as California. These occasions are of great inter- est. There have been present to report the proceed- ings as many as nine reporters of New York dailies, besides editors of several local papers. Mr. Smith is a man of superior character and in- telligence, and possesses a strong family sentiment. He has been twice married. His first wife was Ann McMurtry, to whom he was married in 1835. She is the mother of his four sons, — viz., Isaiah Smith, resid- ing at Miburn, N. J. ; Oscar Smith, who lives at Pea- pack ; Daniel Smith, a resident of Newark ; and John D. Smith, who lives on the homestead. Mrs. Smith died in December, 1849, and he married, for his sec- ond wife, Jane, daughter of James Wolfe, of Bed- minster, and widow of the late Peter Miller. Mr. Smith has been from early manhood promi- nent in township affairs, having been elected consta- ble before he was twenty-one, and been in some town- ship office ever since. For many years he followed driving for the market, bringing in large invoices of cattle and sheep from Western New York, — about one drove a year for twenty years. He followed this part of the time, in addition to his farming and milling interests, making his business life one of remarkable activity, and, in the main, of pecuniary profit, out of which he has realized a comfortable share of this world's goods, and, better than all, has made a repu- tation for honesty and integrity unsurpassed by any among his fellow-citizens. In all public improve- ments, such as roads, schools, churches, etc., he has always taken an active part, though not himself a church-member. Like his ancestors, and most of his descendants, he has adhered to the Democratic faith, voting regularly that ticket for more than half a cen- tury. About 1887 he was commissioned captain of a company of riflemen in Bedminster, consisting of about eighty men. He was also a clarionet-player on training-days. He held his commission as captain about three years. JOSEPH ANNIN. The subject of this brief notice was a man univer- sally esteemed for the high moral tone and excellence of his character. It can be truly said of him, " He was a bright and shining light in the community where he resided," and left an example eminently " worthy of imitation." Mr. Annin was born on the 9th of September, 1800, and died on the 19th of September, 1877, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. He began life poor, and by economy, enterprise, and strict honesty ac- quired a large property, which he left to his widow and children. During a considerable part of his life he was a lumber-merchant in New York. Twenty- one years ago he settled on the farm in Bernard, near Liberty Corner, still in the possession of the family. Mr. Annin was twice married, his first wife being Anna Lambertson, by whom a daughter, Ann Eliza, and a son, John, are still living, the former at Bridgeport, Conn., and the latter at Hackensack, N. J. His second wife was Margaret, daughter of John King, an estimable lady, who still survives him and resides at Liberty Corner, N. J. The fruits of this marriage were a son and a daughter, — Josephine, wife of George Lowery, of New York, and Alexander Annin, who resides on the homestead farm, near Liberty Corner. THOMAS HOLMES. Thomas Holmes was born in Yorkshire, England, in November, 1807, and was brought up there till he was twenty-one years of age. After attaining his majority, he in 1831 emigrated to America, land- ing in the city of New York. He went thence to Basking Ridge, N. J., where he found employment as a farm-laborer for six months with Martin Winnie, and afterwards engaged with David Ayers as assistant and farmer, with whom he remained four years, up to the time of his marriage. He was married, Aug. 30, 1885, to Dinah Morris, daughter of Griffith and Mar- garet Morris, who emigrated from Pembrokeshire, near Cardigan, Wales, in 1801, and settled on the farm near Liberty Corner now the estate of Mr. and Mrs. Holmes. In 1802, Mr. Morris here purchased two hundred and sixteen acres of land of William Cain, one of the Cain heirs, whose father had ob- tained the land from the assigns of William Penn. Mr. Morris had been married before leaving Wales to Margaret Williams. The children of this marriage JOSEPH ANNIN. THOMAS HOLMES. tm-rr^^^yvx BERNARD. 755 were Mary, Martha, John, William, Nancy, David, Dinah {Mrs. Holmes), John, James, and Timothy. Of this large family, Mrs. Holmes and her hrother David (deceased) were the only ones who remained in Bernard township ; the others removed to the West. Mr. Morris was for twenty-one years before his death afflicted with blindness, and his daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Holmes, remained to man- age the farm and take care of him. Mr. Holmes pur- chased the farm in 1841. It is a beautiful estate, con- sisting of one hundred and eight acres, and is kept in a fine state of cultivation, Mr. Holmes being a sys- tematic and practical farmer of the thoroughgoing English type. Mr. Morris died in 1843, in the eighty-sixth year of his age, Mrs. Morris having died in February, 1822. Mr. and Mrs. Holmes are among the substantial and highly-respected people of the township, and have, been members of the Millington Baptist Church since its organization, in 1851. They have one son, John Holmes, who lives on a portion of the home- stead and carries on the farm. He married Julia, daughter of William Allen, of Bedminster, and has six children. ISAIAH SMITH. Isaiah Smith was born in Bernardsville, Somerset Co., N. J., Sept. 30, 1836. He was reared on the farm of his father, Peter Z. Smith, till the age of eighteen, when he entered the store of Benjamin Smith, at Basking Ridge, as a clerk, where he remained about, eight months. During the four years following he served as clerk in the store of Theodore Allen, at Peapack, N. J., and after spending a year in the West and remaining at home a short time, in 1865 he established himself in the grocery business at Irvington, N. J., where he remained till May, 1866. During the years 1866 and 1867 he did business in copartnership with William Petty and Jonathan Allen, having stores at Irvington, Milburn, and Peapack. In 1868 the partnership was dissolved; and Mr. Smith, while conducting the business at Milburn, formed another partnership under which he carried on an additional store at Wilkesbarre, Pa., doing business there till 1872. Since then he has devoted himself to his store in Milburn, and has built up a successful trade. Mr. Smith married, Dec. 26, 1862, Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Watson C. Allen, of Peapack, and has two children. — viz., Minnie M., born May 26, 1868, and Lizzie, born Dec 10, 1872. Since the organization of the " Smith Family and Friends' Reunion" in 1876, he has been president of that popular association, and has from time to time held responsible offices in the township where he resides. HON. JOHN H. ANDERSON. The late John Hill Anderson, judge of the Court of Common Pleas, was born at Bernardsville, Somer- set Co., N. J., on the estate of his ancestors, Dec. 28, 1813. He was of Scotch descent, and possessed the sturdy moral characteristics of that race, coupled with great geniality of temper and strong and abiding attachment to friends. He was the second son and fifth child of George and Mary (Hill) Anderson, and was brought up on the home farm, receiving but a limited education in the common schools. He pos- sessed a mind, however, of no common order, and for many years exerted an influence second to no other citizen of the township in which he resided. The Somerset Messenger expressed the universal sentiment of the community in the notice of his death, which occurred May 7, 1873, irom which we ta,ke the follow- ing extract: " No one acquainted with Judge Anderson can help feeling a pang of regret— and to many, very many, of our county, sincere sorrow — at the death of this esti- mable man. Judge Anderson was a native of the county, of Bernard township, always having lived at Bernardsville, and held many important positions: commencing with justice of the peace, member of the lower branch of the Legislature two years, surrogate of the county five years, immediately following with the judgeship of the Court of Common Pleas, contin- uing two or three years, and before the expiration of his judicial term elected State senator, which posi- tion he filled the three years following. During all of these years, however, he was not only devoting V56 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. himself to his official duties, but at all times busily engaged in assisting the people of his township in re- lation to the manag^ent of their affairs, settling es- tates, guardian for infants, etc., so that he was in the full sense of the term a public man whose loss will be keenly felt and deeply deplored. " Through his instrumentality the West Line Rail- road was built, and for a time he was director as well as president of the road. His life was therefore a busy one, and in the trusts confided to his care he was always found faithful and true. The kindly and good advice given by him to his friends always had a beneficial effect, and many therg are who thank him xind will always hold his memory in the most pro- found remembrance. . . " By his thrift he had acquired anite an estate, and, although he might not be considered a wealthy man, was in a good financial condition. " Politically, Judge Anderson was a thorough par- tisan, but always candid and just, and known to every one where he stood and what his opinions were upon the different issues presented, always having respect for and according the right to others to have their opinions, yet maintaining his own in such a way as to cause his opponents to admire him and give him credit for being an honest man. . . . " In his death the whole township of Bernard has met with a severe loss which time alone can efface, and the county one of its most respected and best citi- zens." Judge Anderson was a brother of ex-Sheriff Ander- son, of Mendham, and of James Anderson, Esq., of Morristown. He was honest and upright in all his dealings, charitable towards all classes and conditions of mankind, and constantly endeavoring to be useful to those with whom his life of business or benevo- lence brought him in contact. Mrs. Anderson, who survives him, was a daughter of James M. Lewis, of Bernard township, and a most estimable lady. He left two sons and two daughters. His eldest son, Lieut. George S. Anderson, is a grad- uate of West Point Military Academy, and holds the position in that institution of instructor in cavalry tactics. He served six years in the army on the West- ern frontier. The second son, John Lewis Anderson, lives with his mother on the homestead. BRANCHBURG. GEOGRAPHICAL. BEANCHBrRG township is located centrally on the western border of the county of Somerset. It is bounded on the west by the county of Hunterdon ; on the north by Bedminster township ; on the east by Bridgewater and Hillsborough ; and on the south by the township of Hillsborough. The principal water-courses are the Lamington Biver on the north, that divides the township from Bedminster ; the North Branch of the Earitan on the east, from Bridgewater; the South Branch on the east and south; from Hills- borough. Three small streams, named respectively Campbell's Eun, Chambers' Brook, and Hollands Brook, run their course southeasterly and join the branches of the Earitan, Chambers' Brook uniting with the North Branch of the Earitan at the North Branch Depot, Hollands Brook uniting with the South Branch a short distance south of its junction with the North Branch, and Campbell's or Pleasant Eun near where the Easton and Amboy Railroad crosses the South Branch. The township has no marked features, its surface being slightly undulating, and in many places com- paratively level. It embraces an area of 19.74 square * By Austin N. Hungerford. miles, or 12,634 acres of land, and contains a popula- tion of 1316 inhabitants and 154 farms. INDIAN TITLES AND THEIR SETTLEMENTS. FIRST TITLE. The land along the Earitan below the junction had been mostly sold before the " Proprietors" bought the Indian titles to land west of the junction of the branches of the Raritan. The following, from the " Elizabethtown Bill of Chancery," is a synopsis of the deed conveying the south part of the land now occu- pied by Branchburg, and embraced what were after- wards known as lots 22, 14, 15, 12, and 13, and which will be described hereafter : " That Pawarone and Wermines, Indians, by their Deed bearing date the ninth day of October, 1685, for the consideration of sundry Goods therein mentioned, did sell unto the Lords Proprietors of East Jersey a tract of land beginning upon Hollands Brook aforesaid, and running up the South branch of the Raritan; as by the original Deed." Just one month later (Nov. 9, 1685) the land em- braced in this tract was divided into five tracts, each bounded on the east by the South Branch and con- veyed by the proprietors as follows : No. 13, being the extreme south part and bounded on the south and east by the South Branch of the Raritan, con- taining 375 acres, was sold to John Dobie. Adjoining this tract on the north, a plot of 1874 acres, known as Cpc^'j::^^^^:^'^ ^CA-cc^ The subject of this sketch is a descendant in the fourth generation from Samuel and Abigail Vail, of Westchester, N. Y. His great-grand- father was John Vail, the oldest son of Samuel and Abigail Vail, who was twice married, and reared a large family. The children of John Vail by his first wife (Margaret Laing) were Samuel, John, Daniel, Isaac, David, Jacob, Abraham, and Benjamin ; and those by his second wife (Mary Laing) were Joseph and Christiana, who died single. The children by the first wife all married and had large families, whose descendants are numerous and widely scattered. John Vail, the son of John, and grandfather of Edward Vail, married Catharine Fitz-Ran- dolph, and had children : Margaret, Edward, Isaac, Amos, Phebe, Nathan, and Joel. The last named married Catharine K. Miller, and had children : Alexander, Mary Ann, Edward (the subject of our notice), Christopher, Thomas, Phebe, Margaret, Richard, Benijah, Catharine, and John. Joel Vail lived at Green Brook, and was a hatter by occupation, and also a farmer and merchant. Edward, the subject of this notice, was born at Green Brook, Sept. 26, 1808, and was brought up there at the hatter's trade with his father. He followed that occupation, together with farming, till about the time of his marriage. He married, Dec. 2, 1845, Ann Vail, a name which she has never changed, being a daughter of James, son of Isaac Vail. They have had no children. Mrs. Vail was born and brought up at Long Hill, in the vicinity of where she now resides. After his marriage, in 1845, Mr. Vail set- tled on his present place, being the inheritance of his wife, where he has ever since resided and followed the pursuit of agriculture. He was brought up in the doctrines of the Hicksite Quakers, with which he still stands identified, though not a regular attendant at any meeting of that order. He is noted for his strict in- tegrity and moral worth, and is held in high esteem as a man and a citizen. BRANCHBURG. •757 No. 12, was conveyed to John Campbell (son of Lord Neill Campbell). Next above was No. 15, a tract of 750 .acres, which, was conveyed to Andrew Hamilton. Adjoining on the north was a large tract known as No. 14, containing 1000 acres, sold to John Drummond. Lot 22, adjoining Drummond, and north butting on Hollands Brook, contained 500 acres, which was sold to' Andrew Hamilton, April 25, 1687. The lower or southern tract in this first Indian title is known on the old map as No. 13. It was purchased by John Dobie on the 9th of October, 1680, and con- tained 375 acres. In 1719 the line between East and West Jersey was readjusted, and the plot is called " Dobie's plantation." It is not known at what date a transfer was made, but about 1785 the property was in possession of Christianus I. Van Doren, of Mill- stone. The property at his death passed to his sons, John 0. and Abraham C, the former owning 100 acres in the northern part. The southern part, 245 acres, that descended to Abraham C, is now in the possession of John S. Ammerman. John C. had three sons, — Christianus I., John P., and Abram I., all dead. Abram C. had three daughters, — Aletta and Phebe, unmarried, and Julia, who married Mr. Black- well and lives -in Mercer Co., N. J. The tract north of the Dobie plantation embraced 1874 acres, and was conveyed by the proprietors to John Campbell, a son of Lord Neill Campbell. The purchase was made Nov. 9, 1685 ; the deed, however, bears date Oct. 6, 1686, nearly a year later. In 1683 or 1684 he had purchased a small plot of land at Bound Brook, where he built a hoxise and lived until he bought at South Branch, when he moved upon the land. He had two sons, Archibald and John, and two daughters, one of whom, Jennette, married Tobias Van Norden, of Bound Brook. The section of the tract on which he lived is not known. He died before 1708, as in that year Marion, his widow, and John, his son, conveyed to Thomas Hall, for £350, money of New York, 1150 acres of the tract, it being the upper portion ; the remainder of the tract later was sold to Peter Morrison and Henry Stevens, the southwestern portion having been sold to Morrison and afterwards passed to one Hardenbrook. It is now in possession of Gabriel Carkhuflf. The eastern portion, owned by Henry Stev«ps, was purchased by John Carpenter for his daughter, who married Peter T. Beekman and lived on the place for several years. It was finally sold to Calvin Corle, who is still in pos- session. The property now belonging to Hon. John G. Schenck was in possession of Abram C. Van Doren about 1840. Thomas Hall, on the 20th of December, 1728, con- veyed to Cornelius Low 230 acres of his land, lying north from the present residence of Peter Van Camp, which afterwards passed to the Stryker family, and is now mostly in the possession of Frederick D. Brokaw. On the 30th of December the same year Thomas Hall made his will, in which he declares that he is the possessor of 920 acres of land. This he devised to his two sons, John and Richard, they to come into- possession after the death or marriage of his wife, Gertje. On the 27th of May, 1734, Gertje, their mother, released all her right, title, and interest in the land to her sons, leading to the presumption that she married. They remained in possession of all the land they inherited for six years. On the 6th of Octo- ber, 1740, John conveyed to Cornelius Van Kampen, of Esopus, Ulster Co., N. Y., for the sum of £672, 240 acres and 60 perches of land in one place, and 6 acres and 20 perches of the meadow-land close to the South Branch, and 92 acres and 32 perches not far from it. In the last-mentioned tract was situated the burying-ground in which some of the family had been buried. This has always been kept as a burial- place, and is now in the limits of the farm of Peter Van Camp, a short distance north of his house. On the same date Richard, the brother of John, also con- veyed to Cornelius Van Kampen 147 acres and 23 perches. This land, 485 acres, remained in the pos- session of Cornelius Van Kampen until his death. By his will, dated April 20, 1794, the land was be- queathed to Thomas, his son, and Cornelius, a grand- son, and son of John, deceased. On the 2d of Decem- ber the same year each released title in the lands of the other. On the 29th of December, 1804, Thomas Van Kampen conveyed to Cornelius Van Kampen 253J acres and 6 acres of meadow-land. This, in ad- dition to his inheritance, made the tract of 485 acres. Cornelius had two sons, Thomas and John ; the latter died and left a son (Thomas) and two daughters, — Catharine, who married a Mr. Emmons, and Eliza- beth, who married a Mr. Ludlow. Thomas, son of Cornelius, married Catharine Van Middlesworth, and had two sons— Tunis and John — (twins) and one daughter, — Jenny, — who married Abram Smock. Tunis went West and died. John remained on the homestead, which his father conveyed to him April 25, 1827. He married Jane Lane, and had six children, of whom two of the sons are living in the township, — Tunis at Neshanic Station, and Peter on the old homestead. John and Richard Hall kept a part of the western portion of the tract they inherited. William Hall, a son of John, lived on the farm owned by Gilbert S. Lane and John Ammerman. John W., a son of John, lived where W. N. Hoagland now lives. John W. had four sons,— William, who went West ; Dennis, who removed to North Branch, on part of the Ten, Eyck tract, on the farm now owned by J. Perrine (his daughter, Mrs. Lever, lives on part of the farm purchased by her father, Dennis) ; Isaac lives on a tract north of the original tract. Of the daughters, Helena, Aletta (Mrs. Isaac I. Stryker), and Catha- rine (Mrs. Leonard Bunn) live in Somerville. Lot No. 14, purchased by John Drummond, con- tained 1000 acres, and lay south of No. 22, and im- mediately north of lot No. 15. 758 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. The lot known as No. 15, purchased Nov. 9, 1685, by Andrew Hamilton, containing 750 acres, was situ- ated north of the John Campbell tract. In 1740 it was in possession of Volkert Dowe. At a later date the east end, on the river, was owned by Naylor, and the remainder by Peter Van Nuys, John Smith, Jacob Kershaw, his son-in-law, and Cornelius Van Horn, to the county line. Lot No. 22, purchased by Andrew Hamilton the same date as lot No. 15, contained 500 acres. One hundred years ago a large tract in this lot was owned by Van Derveer. Isaac V. Huff owns a part of this last-mentioned tract. The heirs of Lawrence V. Studdiford now own a part of it. The Eev. Peter Studdiford married a daughter of Mr. Van Derveer, by whom the property was inherited. Lawrence Stud- diford and the Rev. Peter Studdiford, of Lambertville, Hunterdon Co., were sons. Peter I. Voorhees owns a part of the west end of the original tract. SECOND INDIAN TITLE. The land embraced in this title reached from Hol- land's Brook north to the junction of the North and South Branches of the Earitan, and from thence di- rectly north, on the west patent line of what is de- scribed in the township of Bridgewater as the fourth Indian title. The west line of the tract was the line of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, at that time straight and on a line with westerly line of its present course. The lower or south lot (23), adjoining Hol- lands Brook, and lot 61, in the north part, were en- tirely in the land embraced in this second title, Lots Nos. 37, 68, 67, 65, 66, and 55 extend from the North Branch across the fourth Indian title mentioned, and this second title, to the west line. Lots 53 and 61 are embraced entirely in the fourth title. Lots 69 and 63 are in an Indian title the date of which is not known. The following is an extract from the deed, taken from the Elizabethtown bill of chancery : " Tliat PaywaflBen, Indian, by his deed dated the 14th day of August, 1688, for the consideration therein mentioned, received of Capt. Andrew Hamilton, Deputy GoTernor of New Jersey, did sell to the Proprietors of East Jersey, a tract of land beginning at Holland's Brook ; and Irom thence as the river runs to the meeting of the branches of the Raritan ; and to run as far back as the said Paywassen aud other Indians their lands run as by the said deed, recorded in Liber B, p. 534." In this tract were seven lots that were purchased as follows : No. 23, the east half, seems to be located be- fore the Indian deed, as it bears date Dec. 13, 1687, and was taken up by Andrew Hamilton. It con- tained 250 acres; the west half was unappropriated. No. 37, containing 500 acres, commenced at the meet- ing of the North and South Branches and ran back northwest two miles. This was taken up by Hen- driok Corson. Next adjoining was a tract known as No. 68, containing 500 acras, sold tc> Thomas Gordon. North of this tract were Nos. 67, 65, and 66, of 466 i acres each. These were sold respectively to Miles Foster, Michael Handin, and George Willocks. North of the Willocks tract was No. 55, a plot of 1000 acres, which was conveyed to Lord Noill Camp- bell, May 24, 1690. No. 61 (100 acres) was purchased by John Johnston, and also No. 53, directly north of it, containing 400 acres, May 20, 1690. Lot 64 was purchased by Dr. Johnston in 1701 ; the precise date and number of acres are not given. The south lot, known as No. 23 in this second Indian title, lay on the north of Holland's Brook, resting on the bank all across the townshij). It contained 500 acres. The east half, of 250 acres, was purchased by Andrew Hamilton on the 18th of October, 1687, about nine months prior to the purchase of the Indian title by the proprietors, of whom he was agent. To whom he sold is not known. In 1706 the north half of the whole tract, containing about 275 acres, was in pos- session of Solomon Davis. The west half of the tract was not appropriated under the first division, in 1716, Davis sold the land in his possession to Andreas Ten Eyck, and it now belongs to Nathan Terrebcrry, Rev. Gilbert Lane, and others. The southwest quar- ter of the lot was known early as tlie .Jew farm, and now belongs to Peter I. Voorhees. The southeast now belongs to Abram Tunison, .John Voorhees, and Henry Van Fleet. Lot No. .37 is a tract of land commencing at the mouth of the North and South Branches, running back 2 miles and 40 chains in width north, contain- ing 500 acres. This tract was purchased by Hen- drick Corson (Vroom).* He was a native of New Amsterdam (New York). His father was "Coniolis Petersen (Vroom)." llis mother was Tryntje Hen- dricks. She had at the time of her second marriage with Frederick Lubbertsen three sons, — Cornelis Cor- son (Vroom), aged twelve years; Peter (Vroom), aged six years; and Hendrick (Vroom), aged three years. Cornelis Corson (Vroom) was one of the patentees of the Graham, Winder & Co.'s tract, where the village of Somerville now stands. Hen- drick Corson (Vroom) purchased of his brother a part of the east quarter of the tract on the Gth day of June, 1087, and soon after sold it, and on the 10th June, ]<;88, purchased this tract. He was born in November, 1653, and married Josina Picterz, daugh- ter of Picter Van Nest, of Brooklyn. He lived to a good old age. Hendrick Vroom, of Brooklyn, was a son of Hendrick Ooraon and Josina Van Nest. He married Janr.ietje Bergen in 1711. After her death he married Dortie Dumont, in 1745. His children were Sarah Vroom, born 1720, and Petrus Vroom, born 1722. In 1751 he sold the south part, containing 300 acres, to Peter Dumont. A narrow strip across the west end, containing 40 acres, had previously been sold to John Vroom. This last tract was divided into wood lots and sold separately. Joseph Thomp- son is now the jiossessor of the 40 acres, having bought them from time to time. On the northeast * Thoorlglnal name was Oorsson. The name was retained by those of the family who remained on Long Island, but was soon dropped by Cornelia and Hendrick Corson, who came to the Uaritan. BRANCHBURa. 759 corner of this tract, in the centre of the road, near the residence of Judge Thompson, stands the old corner- stone of the Corson (Vroom) tract. The 300-acre tract of Peter Dumont was inherited by John Baptist Dumont, known by many as John Protest Dumont. By his will it was devised for their lifetime to his sisters, Brachia and Phebe. The old homestead occupied the spot where now lives John Vosseller. The tract is now owned by John Vossel- ler, Paul K. Dilts, Shafer, and Joseph Bead. The north half was owned in 1753 by John Van Nest, a son of Peter, and was afterwards held by An- dreas Ten Eyck and inherited by his son Andrew, who sold 190 acres of the western part to Andrew Fleming. Sylvester Eobins purchased 100 acres of this part. A strip on the north side of this tract is owned by parties owning farms on the north. The next tract is designated on the map accompa- nying the Elizabethtown bill of chancery, date of 1747, as No. 68, containing 500 acres, and as having been sold to " Thomas Gordon, at Peter Van Nest's." A parchment deed in possession of Judge Thompson recites that the property was conveyed to him by the proprietors, April 1, 1703. On the 22d of September, 1710, he sold the property to Thomas Purcell, of Mid- dlesex County, who in 1719 conveyed the uppermost one-half to Daniel Purcell, his son. On the 13th of April, 1728, he conveyed it to Guisbert Krom, who, in consideration of £925, conveyed the land to Jo- hannes Van Nest, April 25, 1755, Krom reserving "the one-half of all minerals whatsoever that shall from time to time be discovered, dug up, and got forth on the same or of any part or parcel of said lands,'' Krom to pay an equal dividend of cost. A parchment deed is in possession of Sheriff George Vroom, dated Dec. 17, 1753, by which Peter Van Nest, Sr., as an executor of Jacob Van Nest (son of Peter), conveyed 213 acres of land to Thomas Van Home and Matthew Ten Eyck, in trust for Catharine Van Nest, widow of Jacob, and their children. It is recited in this deed that on the 6th of January, 1697, the proprietors conveyed by patent to Peter Van Nest 600 acres of land " Beginning at the upper northeast corner of Hendrick Corson's land, which corner is forty chains northeast by north from the meeting of the South and North Branches of Baritan, thence northwest and by west two miles, and northeast by north forty-eig.r- chains in breadth." On the 22d of June, 1724, Peter conveyed the north half of this property to his son Peter, who on the 2d of April, 1752, conveyed the westerly part, containing 213 acres, to his son Jacob. He lived only about a year after this conveyance, being brutally murdered in December, 1753. The occasion is said to have been the taking of a leaf of tobacco out of the negro's box by his master. Mr. Van Nest had been out on horse- back, and returned home at night. The negro stood inside the stable-door, and struck him with an axe as he was about to put up his horse. He then turned the horse loose with the saddle turned under him, and dragged the body some distance and buried it under the leaves, at the root of a large tree that was up- turned. Search was soon instituted, the negro join- ing in the search. After considerable time the body was found. Suspicion was directed towards the negro, as he was considered dangerous. He was a large, ath- letic man, and the friends and neighbors were afraid to arrest him. He was sent out to bring in a back-log for the fire, and while this was in his arms he was taken when he could not defend himself His mas- ter's pocket-knife was found upon him. He was then taken to the county-seat, then at Millstone, tried, and condemned to be burned publicly at the stake. Mr. Van Nest married Catharine Ten Eyck, daugh- ter of Jacob Ten Eyck, by whom he had two sons, Peter and Jacob, and one daughter, Jemima, who married Hendrick D. Vroom; their children were Jacob, Peter, and George. George Vroom, the present sheriff of Somerset County, is a descendant of Jacob. Jacob, a son of Peter, lives in the township. The property is now in possession of Gilbert Kershaw, son-in-law of Andrew Hageman. The east part of the tract was purchased by Henry Cox. Abram Ten Eyck, late of Michigan, now lives on this part. The east part of the north half, that still remained in the possession of Peter, the first purchaser, now belongs to Col. A. D. Hope, and the part along the river was sold to Michael Van Derveer. The Van Derveer Mills are located in the northeast corner. One of the homesteads of the early Van Nests was at this place. The south half of the large tract was in 1776 owned by John Smith. It reached from the river to the Hunterdon county line. A part of the east end is owned by the Van Derveers. A part was owned by the Vossellers in 1842, and is now owned by Jacob Vosseller. The tract west is owned by Henriques, and the one still farther west by Henry Bacon and Joseph Dalley. The part of the tract adjoining the county line is now in possession of Judge Joseph Thompson. This large tract of 600 acres, purchased by Peter Van Nest in 1697, seems to be, by its descrip- tion, the same tract purchased by Thomas Gordon in April, 1703, mentioned before. This discrepancy seems irrecon'cilable. The lot north of the one described as the Thomas Gordon or Peter Van Nest tract was one of three adjoining each other that were laid out, each con- taining 466f acres. The first one, known as No. 67, was purchased by Miles Foster, and soon after was in possession of Peter Van Nest, by whom it was devised by will to his son John,* who left the greater part of it to his son George ; but, in case he died without children, it was provided by John Van Nest that the • The following is taken from a hill of sale in possession of the Van Nest family, and will be of interest: " July 10, 1768, John Van Nest, of Bridgewater (now Branchburg), sold to Peter Van Nest 'A certain Neger Winch named Mary and a Neger boy named Jack' for the sum of £66, Tork currency." 760 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. property should descend to his daughters. The west- erly part, on the south, was owned in 1753 hy Ahram Bodine and Guisbert Corson. The easterly part had been sold in wood lots of 10 or 20 acres, the larger part of which came later into the hands of Simon Nevius, and is owned by John Clawson. About 1796, David Nevius owned about 240 acres, now the prop- erty of John B. Stillwell. The westerly part was sold by Mrs. Stillwell and Mrs. Quick, about 1827, to Asher Dilts, father of William Dilts, the middle portion to Abram A. Ammerman, and is now in the possession of his grandson, Jacob K. Ammerman. The easterly portion of their tract was sold to John Key, and by him to Peter Pumyea, and in 1834 to Dennis Hageman, and by him to Jacob Kershaw, whose heirs sold to John Demun. The second of the tracts containing 466f acres, known as No. 65, lying north of No. 67, was purchased by Michael Handen, but at what time this property was sold is not definitely ascertained; the south part within a few years after was in possession of the Van Nest family, and was sold by the devisees of John Van Nest at the same time with the portion of No. 67 owned by them. It is now in possession of Dilts, Ammerman, and others. The north part of the tract came into possession of John Bogert, and after 1720 to Peter Van Pelt. In 1761 it belonged to George Leslie, whose heirs, on the 2d of May, 1776, sold to William Crook. It was sold in 1816 to Henry Ammer- man, and now belongs to George Ammerman, of New York City, John Van Doren, of Millstone, and John Y. Dalley. John V. Stillwell owns the east part. That portion farther west is attached to the Dilts and Ammerman farms, lying south. The third tract of 466f acres, known as No. 66, was purchased by George Willocks, who had large tracts of land both in East and West Jersey. At what time it came into possession of Bergen Brokaw, Sr., of Hillsborough township, is not known, but on the 6th of August, 1782, he conveyed 342J acres of it to Ber- gen Brokaw, Jr., who later sold it to Daniel Ammer- man, who at the time of the purchase was his step- father. It is now owned by John Sutphin, Henry P. Schomp, Henry Van Derveer, and Charles H. More- house. The east part, adjoining the river, which is the old homestead, belongs to James Ammerman (son of Daniel), who was bom and is still living on the place, at the age of nearly ninety years. Lot No. 55 is a wide strip of land, of which the southeast corner commences where Chambers' or Smith's Brook empties into the North Branch, near the North Branch depot. It runs thence up the branch to a short distance below the village of North Branch ; thence northwest, intersecting the southwest corner of the Ten Eyck tract, and straight to the township line, near the intersection of the Lamington Pdver with that line ; thence south along the township line to the northwest comer of No. 66, the Willocks tract; thence southeast parallel with the north line to the point near Chambers' Brook, embracing 1000 acres. This tract was purchased by Lord Neill Campbell on the 24th of May, 1690. The east half, containing 520^ acres, was sold to Charles Dunstar, of Perth Amboy (who was also the purchaser of original tracts farther north). On the 30th of August, 1726, he con- veyed it to John Dumont for five shillings, current money of New Jersey, " from the day before the date hereof, for and during and until the whole end and term of one whole year next ensuing, and fully to compleat and ended, yielding and paying therefor the rent of one pepper corn at the feast of St. Michael the Archangel,* only the same be lawfully demanded to the intent that by virtue of these presents and of the statutes for transferring uses into possession, of the said John Dumont, may be in the actual posses- sion-and be enabled to accept a grant and release of the reversions and inheritence thereof to him, his heirs and assigns forever. Presents have inter- changably been made. In witness whereof, the par- ties have set their hands and seals the day and year first above mentioned to these presents. — Charles Dunstar." Another lot of land was sold later to John Dumont, the description of which will be found with lot 64.. These two tracts were surveyed, mapped, and laid out into lots by John Brokaw in 1761. On the 26th of January of that year the land was conveyed by John Dumont to Peter, Dirck, and Abraham, his sons. The- part that was on the Campbell tract was divided into- four lots, as follows: Abraham had lot 1, of 214J^ acres, embracing the south part, from the North Branch to the back line. Peter had lots 2 and 4; No. 2 embraced 28 acres of meadow-land along the river.. It was nearly square, and lay between lot 1 of Abra- ham and lot 3 of Dirck. Lot No. 4 of Peter con- tained 104 acres, and was the west part of the north part. Dirck came into possession of lot 3, containing 172 acres. This tract was the ea.st end of the west, side, south of the village of North Branch. About 1820 it was in possession of Peter Quackenbush ; later- it was owned by Garret Stryker, then by Christopher Stryker, and at present by James Low. The upper or north lot, left to Peter later, belonged to an Abra- ham Dumont. Sainuel Little now lives on the farm.. The tract of Abraham, No. 1, is now occupied by Abraham and Cornelius Dumont, sons of Isaac, to whom it was left by "Aunt Neeltje" (as she was known), who was the wife of Dr. Peter Dumont, who lived in New York. Dr. Peter Dumont, Elbert, and Abraham were the sons of Peter, who received land at the division, in 1761. The Rev. Abram Dumont, who was at one time pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Morristown, and died in Rhode Island, was a son of Dr. Peter Dumont. The western portion of the tract may also have- * September 29th. BRANCHBURG. 761 been purchased by Dunstar, but it was later in the hands of Eichard Porter and Garret Probasco. Daniel Ammerman purchased the land of Porter, which was on the east side, and paid for it in Continental money by the sale of one crop of corn raised on the farm. The wife of Porter refused to sign the deed unless Ammerman would give her a pound of tea, which he refused to do, and took the deed without her signature. About 1820 it belonged to Ruloff Voorhees, at whose death it was sold to Bergen B. Smith, by whom it was sold to William Henry, and is now owned by Wm. D. Smith and Peter G. Schomp ; the latter also owns the Probasco farm. The westerly part in 1761 be- longed to Peter Wortman, and is now owned by Henry P. Schomp, Henry Van Derveer, and Abra- ham Van Fleet. Lot No. 64, an irregular piece of land north of the Campbell tract and west and north of the Ten Eyck tract, was purchased probably between 1688 and 1700 by Dr. John Johnston. He was a native of Scotland, and was a druggist in the city of Edinburgh. He came to this country in 1685, and established himself in practice at first in New York City ; later at Perth Amboy. He mar- ried the daughter of Geo. Scott, to whom had been granted 500 acres of land. This was confirmed to Mrs. Dr. Johnston. He came into possession of other large tracts in East Jersey. In 1720, Dr. Johnston became a member of Governor Burnett's council. He was mayor of the city of New York from 1714 to 1718. In the year 1720 he removed to the banks of the North Branch, where he built a double two-story brick house, with large barns and outbuildings. This building was standing until after the Kevolution. He died at Perth Amboy in 1732. The Ten Eyck tract was purchased by him in 1690, and sold to Matthias Ten Eyck ten years later. In 1754 the property known as No. 64 was in pos- session of Mordecai McKinney, of Lebanon, Hunter- don Co., and 123^ acres of it was sold to John Dumont on the 2d of April of that year. At that time Tunis Post owned a tract north of it, and Peter Wortman west and south. This land remained in the hands of the Dumont family for many years. In the division by John Dumont to his sons Peter, Dirck, and Abraham, in 1761, the land north of the Camp- bell tract, which was the land purchased in 1754 of Mordecai McKinney, was divided between Peter and Dirck, Peter having the west part and Dirck the east. The land of Peter, after his death, was divided be- tween Peter, Elbert, and Abraham, heirs-at-law. In 1800, Elbert and Abraham released the tract, contain- ing 81 acres, situated north of the Matthias Ten Eyck tract, to Peter. On the 28th of May, 1804, he conveyed it to John Baylis. Later it was in possession of John A. Ten Eyck, and now belongs to Joseph Ram- sey. Tunis Post lived north of the plot many years, and died in 1764. Robert Little lived on the Peter Wortman tract, west of the land purchased by John Dumont. He was in the Revolutionary war. His 49 son, John Little, married Hannah Dumont, a daughter of Abram Dumont, and lived on the same place. His son Samuel now lives near there, on the part of the John Dumont tract that was bought originally by Lord Neill Campbell. Lot No. 53, containing 400 acres, is located in the fourth Indian title mentioned in Bridgewater town- ship. It was sold to John Johnston, of Monmouth Co., N. J., on the 20th of May, 1690 He soon after purchased lot No. 61, a triangular piece of land con- taining 100 acres, lying south of it and north of lot No. 55 of Lord Neill Campbell. On the 12th of November, 1700, John Johnston conveyed the 400-acre tract to Matthias Ten Eyck, of Esopus, Ulster Co., N. Y. Later, on the 22d of June, 1702, in the reign of Queen Anne, he conveyed lot No. 6l, the tract below (on which the village of North Branch is located), to Mr. Ten Eyck. He lived at Esopus, Ulster Co., N. Y., where he died. He had four sons, — Coenradt, Andrew, Jacob, and Abraham. A part of the family settled on land east of Peter's Brook as early as 1706 or 1707. On the 20th of October, 1721, Matthias con- veyed this property of 500 acres to his son Jacob, who removed to the place and soon after married Jemima Van Nest, a daughter of Jerome Van Nest, who lived where the village of Somerville now is, not far irom the depot. Jacob was born in Ulster Co., N. Y., in 1693, and died Oct. 26, 1753. , His wife Jemima died in 1792, in her ninety-third year. They had four sons, — Jacob, Matthew, Conrad, and Peter. Jacob, the oldest son, married Margaret Hageman. They lived on the old homestead, in the stone house built by his father, where Tunis Ten Eyck now lives. This was repaired by him and raised one story higher in 1792. He died in 1794. Before his death he sold the 100 acres men- tioned as lot No. 61, where the village of North Branch now is, for a mill-site. It was owned about 1802 by John Baylis. Jacob Ten Eyck was captain of a company of soldiers from Bridgewater township in the Revolutionary war. Matthew, son of Jacob, grandson of Matthias, settled on the east side of North Branch, opposite the homestead. Peter settled on part of the original tract north of the homestead. It passed through many hands, and was recently in possession of Asher Schenck. Conrad Ten Eyck owned land in 1770 on the east side of the North Branch, on what was early known as the Riddle tract. The will of Jacob Ten Eyck, son of Matthias, was made June 25, 1752, in which the land on the west side was devised to Jacob and Peter ; the latter released to Jacob and went north, on a part of the original tract. Peter had one daughter, who married a Ten Eyck, who was a descendant of Andreas Ten Eyck, who lived near the junction of the North and South Branches. The property descended to her son by will of her father. The daughters of Jacob, who married Jemima Van Nest, were as fol- lows: Catharine, Jean, and Hannah. The latter married John Kinney, who removed to Sussex 762 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. County; Jean married Thomas Van Horn, of War- ren County ; Catharine married, first, John Ten Brook ; second, Jacob Van Nest, who was murdered in 1753 ; and for her third husband, John Vroom. Jacob, son of Jacob, who married Margaret Hageman, had two sons — Jacob and James — and four daughters, — Margaret, Jemima, Catharine, and Jane. The latter married Jeremiah Field ; the descendants now live in the west part of the township, on the Lamington Kiver. Catharine married Peter Sutphin. Jacob was born April 29, 1759, and married Jane Lane. They had five sons — Jacob, William, Tunis, James, and Peter — and one daughter — Sarah. William served in the war of 1812, attaining the rank of colonel, and was afterwards clerk of the county of Monmouth. He married the daughter of Col. John Conover, of Monmouth County. John C. Ten Eyck, a son, was born March 12, 1814. He studied law with Judge Joseph F. Eandolph, and became associated in the practice of law with the Hon. Garret D. Wall. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1858, and served the full term. He died at his residence, in Mount Holly, Burlington Co., on the 24th of August, 1879. The brothers of William, except Jacob and James, mostly went West.* In 1805 the original tract of 400 acres was divided between Jacob and James, the one hundred lying below having been sold. Of the sons of Jacob several moved West, as did Jane, the daughter, who married Charles Brokaw. James married Esther Hankerson, Oct. 4, 1798. They had five sons and four daughters. Tunis and Isabel are living on the old homestead ; Jacob and James are living near, on the same tract ; Mary (Mrs. Abraham Van Nest) is living at North Branch, and Jane (Mrs. George H. Duyckinck) lives at Lamington ; Peter lives at Fairview, 111. ; John lived and died on the homestead. THIRD INDIAN TITLE. The date of this title is not known. It, however, embraced the territory of Bedminster, the south line reaching from the intersection of the Lamington River with the west township line almost directly west to the North Branch. The portion of the land between this line and the Lamington River and the North Branch is in the township, and was known as lots Nos. 69 and 63. The former is one of two tracts of land purchased by Campbell and Blackwood, both containing 7600 acres. The other tract, lying in the township of Bridgewater (No. 63), was taken up by George Willocks, June 7, 1701, and contained 60 acres. It was at one time owned by Abraham Ten Eyck, and is now owned by W. Wortman and A. Biggs. On this land, at the junction of the branch * One Conrad Ten Eyck was an Indian trader in the Saginaw Valley, Mich., about the year 1810, and received compensation from the gov- emment for damages done him in the war of 1812. His name occurs re- peatedly in the annals of that section of counti*y. He was prol'ably a branch of the Ten Eyck family who went West about that time. and the Lamington River, were erected the Bromley Mills, later known as Burnt Mills. In Bedminster township will be found an account of the laying out of a road (in 1755) from Andrew Leake's mills to Pluckamin, also in the early settlement of Bromley Bridge and settlers near there. It was owned in 1784 by William McDonald, who sold 254 acres to William Nelson. At a much later day it was owned by Frederick Lane, of Bedminster. The tract known on the proprietors' map as No. 69, lying in the north part of the township of Branch- burg, was first purchased by Campbell and Black- wood, probably about 1693, as that was the time they purchased the large tract on the opposite side of the Lamington River. In Bergen's "History of the Ber- gen Family," page 347, he says, " Gerardus Beek- man (son of Abraham J.) was baptized Aug. 17, 1653, died 1723, married, Aug. 29, 1677, Magdalen Abeel, of Albany, N. Y., born 1662 ; was a physician settled at Flatbush, L. I. ; a justice of Kings County in 1685; a colonel of militia; member of Colonial Assembly, 1696 and 1699 ; member and president of the council, and acting Governor, 1709 and 1710 ; pur- chased some 2200 acres of land about the North Branch of the Raritan and some 600 acres on the Millstone River, N. J., also lands on Pelt's Creek, in Ulster Co., N. Y." This tract of 2200 acres must have been the one purchased of Campbell and Blackwood, as a part of it is at present in the possession of the family, and has descended from father to son from as far back as can be remembered or as tradition reaches. An old parchment deed was in their possession until a year or two since which bore date under the reign of King George. The property was there described, as well as can be remembered, as commencing at the forks of the Lamington and North Branch, running down the North Branch to what is now the southeast corner of John Beekman's farm, thence across west to the Alle- matunk or Lamington River, thence down the river to a brook below the present residence of J. D. Fields, thence across east to the North Branch. Some of the sons of Gerardus removed to what is now Franklin township, where they lived and died, leaving descendants. Some part of this large tract was sold early, without doubt, but to whom is not ascertained. About the time of the Revolution a tract of 400 acres was in possession of Henry and John Beekman. Henry lived where John Beekman now lives. Daniel, his brother, lives on a part of the tract. The Hurts, Buxtons, and Tunisons are also within the limits of the tract. James Tunison is living in a stone house that is very old. In 1767, Isaac De Forest owned 118 acres of this tract. Theunis Post purchased land before 1750 situated in the south part of the tract of Campbell and Black- wood, and joined the patents of Dr. John Johnston, and was part of land purchased by Gerardus Beek- BKANCHBURG. 763 Theuuis Post* (born 1700, died Sept. 8, 1764) was one of the " helpers" of Dominie Theodoras J. Fre- linghuysen, with authority, also, to officiate in his place in his absence. The blue-marble stone which marks his grave at North Branch bears this inscription : " Hier leyt het Ligham Van TeuniB Post overladen den 8 September, anno domini 1764, en dat in het 64t year synes ouderdomB." He owned 450 acres of land on the west side of the North Branch. The northeasterly corner of this farm was " 39 chains on a straight line below the meeting of AUemitunk and Pepack branches of the said North Branch." Of this land he sold 109 acres to William Cock and Gershom Vanderbergh, and 42 acres to Andrew Leake. The remainder of this prop- erty fell to the possession of his son Peter. Theunis Post's daughter Annetje (who was bap- tized April 7, 1735) died unmarried at about forty years of age. Conrad Ten Eyck (who at the time of her death was a captain in the Revolutionary army, and afterwards became a minister) transacted her business for her. He was a relative. Theunis Post's daughter Catharyntje (baptized Nov. 6, 1736) is still called " Catrine Post" at the time of her father's death. Nevertheless, she received as her share of the estate household furniture, farming utensils, and stock to the amount of £227 Is. lOd. In this amount are included "one negro named Ham, valued at £70 ;" " one negro named Isaac, valued at £30 ;" and " one negro girl named Bette, valued at £10." The widow's share of the movable estate consisted of household furniture, including one Dutch Bible and four large books, valued at £5 ; a parcel of small books, valued at £1 10«. ; and one negro girl, £35 ; amounting in all to £102 19s. 5d. Theunis Post's son Peter (one of the executors) as- sumed the debts of his father's estate, and received property from the estate to the fiill amount thereof, being £360 14s. 7d. In this account are reckoned "one negro named Sam, £70; one negro named Jane, £60 ; one negro wench named Sawr,t £30." Peter also charges himself with the cattle and sheep which died during the winter after his father's death, £13 7s.; the labor of the negroes for six months, £15 ; that of the horses, £7 ; and the vendue notes, amounting to £33 12«. This was doubtless all right, yet the issue was very disastrous for him. His father had owed £150 to David Olarkson, of New York. Peter gave his bond for this amount, was un- able to pay it when due, at the end of the year 1735, and subjected himself thus to unpleasant letters from his creditor. The interest was at 8 per cent, and the whole amount had only been reduced to £108 14s. when he mortgaged his 299 acres for that amount. April 20, 1768. Things grew worse and worse with him until, by what his descendants still regard as the " intrigues" of his creditor, joined with the deprecia- tion of the Continental currency, he was reduced from affluence to poverty. He died in 1793, "in cold weather," and the sandstone monument with the brief inscription, " Grave of P. P., 1793," in contrast with that of his father, near by, illustrates the differ- ence of their worldly fortunes. Peter married Mar- garet Ten Eyck, and had four children : 1. Mary, born Sept. 29, 1770, married Luke Covert (who had been a flfer in the Revolutionary war) and had seven children, to all of whom except the last they gave double names, as follows : Jemima William- son (born 1787), Nelly Sutphin, Margaret Ten Eyck, Post, Ann Stull, Cornelius Post, and Craton (bom Aug. 17, 1812 ; died Sept. 7, 1814). 2. Hannah, born July 8, 1782; married Joseph Brokaw. 3. Theunis, a blacksmith, whose grandson, Peter Post, is a much-respected inhabitant of Seneca Co., N. Y. 4. Cornelius, who was born Dec. 24, 1784, and died Feb. 24, 1870. He was left an orphan at nine years of age, but his sister Mary cared for him until he was old enough to learn the tanner's trade. At twenty-one he went on horseback to " the lake country," where he met and married (Dec. 10, 1810) Christina, only daughter of Abraham and Hannah De Mott, who died Jan. 29, 1873.t His tannery, at Ovid, N. Y., brought him wealth, and his worth brought him influ- ence. The beautiful home in which he lived sur- rounded by his seven sons and daughters stands almost within a stone's throw of the spot where he first found work in that then " wild West." Four of his children still survive, one of them, Mrs. Mary Post Caywood, a granddaughter of Peter Post, being the appreciative possessor of the ancestral documents from which most of this information has been de- rived. ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWNSHIP. The territory embraced in this township belonged to Bridgewater from the organization of the latter township, in 1749, to 1845. The names of many of its early residents will be found in the civil list of that township. Its residents were many of them con- nected with the Revolutionary army, notably Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck, a list of the members of whose company will be found in the Bridgewater military list, page 687. In 1845 a petition of the inhabitants of Bridgewater township living west of the North and South Branches of the Raritan was presented to the Legislature of New Jersey, praying that the territory described therein be set off as a separate township. In accord- ance with the request set forth, an act passed the Sen- • The sketch of this family, contributed by Bev. J. B. Thompson. t Pronounced Sor, an abbreviation for Saertje (pronounced Sor-chy), the Dutch diminutive for Sarah. t Her father was the only brother of Catharine De Mott, who married Abraham Post. (See p. 488.) 764 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. ate and Assembly, and was approved April 5th. in that year, as follows : " Sec. 1. All that part of the township of Bridgewater, in the county of Somerset, contained within the following hounds — that is to say, he- ginning on the/K)rner of lands of Ahraham C. "Van Doren and William I. Voorhees, in the line between Hunterdon and Somerset, and running from thence down the South Branch of Raritan Eiver and the line of Hillsborough township, the several courses thereof, to the junction of the North and South Branches thereof; thence up the North Branch to the Lamington River; thence up the Lamington Kiver to the line be- tween Hunterdon and Somerset ; thence along said line, the several courses thereof (southerly), to the place of beginning — shall be, and here- by is, set off from the township of Bridgewater, in the connty of Somerset, and made a new township, to be called and known by the name of * The Township of Branchburg;' provided that this act shall not take effect and be in force until from and after the second Monday of April next. " Sec. 2. Provided that tlie inhabitants be constituted a body politic and corporate in law, and entitled to all the rights, privileges, and advan- tages, and subject to the same regulations, government, and liabilities, as the inhabitants of_other townships in the county of Somerset are or may be entitled or subjected to by the existing laws of the State. " Sec. 3. Provided that the first town-meeting should be held at the bouse of Isaac H. Hall on the day appointed by law for holding annual town-meetings in the other townships in the county of Somerset. " Sec. 4. Provided that the town committees of Bridgewater and Branch- burg meet on Monday next after the annual town-meetings, at the inn lately occupied by David Sanderson, at Somerville, and there allot and divide between the townships all properties and moneys on hand and due proportionately." In accordance with the provisions of the act, a town-naeeting was held at the house of Isaac H. Hall. A copy of the proceedings is here given : " April 14, 1845." " At a meeting of the inhabitants of the township of Branchburg, Leld this day at the house of Isaac H. Hall, for the purpose of electing officers for the ensuing year, the following were elected, viz. : Peter Van Nuys, Moderator; Andrew A. Ten Eyck, Town Clerk; Peter Van Nuys, Assessor; Samuel Hall, Collector; Aaron J. Auten, Henry Ammerman, Tunis Myers, Frederick D. Brokaw, and John W. Hall, Town Committee; James Hageman and John P. Van Doren,* Chosen Freeholders; Andrew A. Ten Eyck, Jacob Ten Eyck, and Thomas I. Hall, School Committee; Peter Flag, Peter Q. Brokaw, Surveyors of the Highways ; Isaac Dumont, Andrew A. Ten Eyck, Lewis L. Nevius, Com- missioners of Appeal ; John Little, Samuel Hall, Overseers of the Poor; Abraham I. Van Doren, Andrew Fleming, Justices of the Peace." At this first meeting, by vote, money was appropri- ated for various purposes, as follows : $400 for repair- ing highways; $50 for common schools; $50 for schooling poor children ; and $200 for the support of the poor. On the 21st day of April (it being the Monday after town-meeting) the town committees of Bridgewater and Branchburg met to devise means to settle accounts between the townships. John W. Wortman and John I. Todd were selected to represent Bridgewater, Aaron J. Auten and John W, Hall, Branchburg. On the 26th of April a meeting was held by these represen- tatives, and after due consideration the accounts were arranged by the agreement on the part of the com- mittee representing Bridgewater to pay to the town- ship of Branchburg $250. The following is a list of the names of the free- holders, township clerks, town committees, school committees, superintendents of schools, surveyors of highways, commissioners of appeals, and overseers of * John W. Hail was elected one of the town committee Sept. 4, 1845, in place of John Van Doren, deceased. the poor, from the organization of the township to th.e present time, as far as can be ascertained from the township records : FREEHOLDERS. 1846, James Hageman, Isaac Hall; 1847-49, Aaron J. Auten, Frederick D. Brokaw; 1850, Frederick D. Brokaw, Peter Q. Brokaw; 1851, Samuel Hall, Peter Q. Brokaw ; 1852, Isaac H. Hall ; 1853-58, Henry Ammerman ; 1859, Jacob Kershaw ; 1860-62, Abraham P. Tunison ; 1863-6G, John Vosaeller; 1867, Sylvester Robins; 1868-70, Joseph Reed; 1871, Samuel B. Little; 1872, Joseph Reed; 1873, John V. Stillwell ; 1874-75, Cornelius Dumont ; 1876-80, Hugh Gaston. TOWNSHIP CLERKS. 1846-19, Gilbert Sutphin ; 1850-52, Andrew Hageman ; 1853-55, Corne- lius T. Cox; 1856, Cornelius J. Brokaw; 1857-63, Ralph Van Pelt; 1864, Sylvester Robins ; 1865, Joseph B. Smith ; 1866-75, Aaron J. Auten; 1876-80, Peter Dumont. COLLECTORS. 1846-47, Peter Tan Nuys; 1848-52, Henry Ammerman; 1853-63, Fred- erick D. Brokaw; 1864, William N. Adair; 1865-76, Frederick D. Brokaw; 1877-80, John B. D. Myers. TOWN COMMITTEE. 1846, Aaron J. Auten, Henry Ammerman, Tunis D. Myers, Frederick D. Brokaw, John W.Hall; 1847, Syrenus T. Sti-yker, H. Ammerman, T. D. Myera, J. P. Voorhees, Jasper Berger ; 1848, Syrenus Stryker, Abraham A. Ammerman, Tunis D. Myers, John P. Voorhees, Jaaper Berger; 1849-50, Bergen B. Smith, A. A. Ammeiman, T. D. Myers, J. P. Voorhees, Jasper Berger ; 1851, Isaac Dumont, A. A, Ammer- man, William B. Higgins, John P. Voorhees, John Vosseller; 1852, William B. Higgins, John Vosseller, Andrew A. Ten Eyck, Jr. ; 1854- 65, John P. Voorhees, Tanis D. Myers, Edwin B. Lever ; 1856-58, A. A. Ammerman, William B. Higgins, E. B. Lever; 1859, David K. Craig, Joseph Thompson, John P. Voorhees; 1860, David K. Craig, Gilbert L. Kershaw, John P. Voorhees ; 1861, Samuel B. Little, Gil- bert L. Kershaw, John P. Voorhees ; 1862-63, Samuel B. Little, Gil- bert L. Kershaw, David K. Craig; 1864, Samuel B. Little, Gilbert L. Kershaw, John Runyon ; 1865, Samuel B. Little, Abraham Van Nest, Joseph Thompson; 1866-67, Samuel B. Little, Joseph Reed, Joseph Thompson; 1868-70, Cornelius N. Dumont, John V. Williams, Jacob E. Hall ; 1871-72, Cornelius N. Dumont, William H. Ammerman, Alexander B. Brokaw ; 1873, Cornelius N. Dumont, William H. Am- merman, Peter P. Dilta ; 1874, J, Depue Field, William H. Ammer- man, Joseph Brokaw ; 1875, J. Depue Field, John A. Demun, Alex- ander B. Brokaw ; 1876, Aaron J. Auten, John A . Demun, Alexander B. Brokaw; 1877, Aaron J. Auten, John A. Demun, Henry Field, John Dally, Garret T. Quick ; 1878, Aaron J. Auten, Peter L. Kline, Henry Field, John Dally, Garret T. Quick ; 1879, Aaron J. Auten, John Dally, John Voorhees; 1880, Aaron J. Auten, John Voorhees, F. D. Brokaw. SCHOOL COMMITTEE. 1846, Samuel Little, Abraham A. Ammerman, Thomas I. Hall. SUPERINTENDENTS OF COMMON SCHOOLS. 1847-49, Andrew Fleming; 1850-53, George W. Vroom; 1854-58, John Cox ; 1859-66, Theodore Vosseller. SURVEYORS OF THE HIGHWAYS. 1846-49, Peter Flag, Peter Q. Brokaw; 1850, Andrew Fleming, Isaac Hall; 1851-52, Simon Nevius, Peter Flag; 1853, John P. Voorhees, Simon Nevius ; 1854-55, John P. Voorhees, Peter Q. Brokaw ; 1856- 58, John P. Voorhees, William P. Barkman ; 1859, Cyrenus T. Stry- ker, John P. Voorhees; 1860-62, William Wortman, Cornelius C. Williamson ; 1863-64, Daniel Ammerman, Thomas Van Nest ; 1865- 66, Daniel Ammerman, Joseph Reed; 1867, Aaron J. Auten, Joseph Reed; 1868-70, Aaron J. Auten, Jacob E.Hall; 1871, William H. Ammerman, Alex. B. Brokaw; 1872, William H. Ammerman, Henry Schenck ; 1873, Samuel B. Little, Henrj' Schenck ; 1874-75, Henry Scheuck, Peter Dumont; 1880, Henry Bacon, John V.Williams. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1846, Jacob Vosseller; 1848^9, Abraham Tunison; 1850-52, Henry Am- merman, Isaac H. Hall; 1853-54, Frederick D. Brokaw, Isaac H. Hall ; 1855-66, Isaac H. Hall; 1867, Frederick D. Brokaw; 1868-80, Isaac H. Hall. BRANCHBURG. Y65 EARLY EOADS. Soon after the " Great Eoad" was laid out from Piscataqua to tte North Branch, in 1686, a road was established from the termination of that road to the Delaware River across what is now Branchburg town- ship. The " Old York Road" branched off from this about a mile west of the North Branch. No record of any road is obtained from that time till 1748. The following copy of a record is taken from the " Old Book," page 15, record of roads, now in the county clerk's office in Somerville : " Application being made by some of the freeholders and inhabitants of the South Branch of the Raritan to ye Commissioners of the County of Somerset and a Petition from them to us sent complaining of their in- conveniences of coming to mill and market, We, the under written per- sons as Commissioners of said county of Somerset, do hereby lay out a road according to their request, as follows, — viz. : Beginning at ye foard called ' Cornelius Viin Campen's Riding Place,' along the line of Kam Van Derbeek and Peter Quick to a two rod road, a rodd on said Van Derbeek and a rodd on said Quick's Laiid, until it comes to the corm^r nf Andreas Ten Eyck, and so along ye Line of Ten Eyck and Van Dei-beek a rodd on each side to the old road. Thence along ye old road to ye Mills, an open road from the place of beginning to said Mills, and from said mills we do lay out a four rodd road as foUoweth from the Mills as the road lays: now to Ten Eyck's line, thence along the Bank as the road goeth Two rod on the Bank and two rod below the Bank across the point to Ten Eyck's corner tree at the River, opposite the North Branch, and so across ye main river to ye great Road, In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands this seventeenth day of September, 1748. "Fbedebiok Van Lavee, Coenelius Van Campen, "William Titsobt, Hendrick Pittenser, "Alexandee Van Nest, Reyok SunAM. " The under written Ram Van Derbeek do hereby promise to grant an open road, as far bs it apertaineth to me, from Van Campen's Riding Place to the Mills, and do hereby bind my heirs and assigns to the performance of this; in witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 17th Day of September, 1748. "Ram Van Deebeek. "Witness present, "William Titsort, "VotKEET Dow." On the 22d day of March, 1759, a two-rod road was laid out, beginning from the main road leading from Van Home's Mill, near the east corner of Mr. Leslie's cleared field, across the brook along the edge of a hill and up the hollow upon a small run, up the hill and upon the bank, "and as straight as can be to the corner of Dr. Sackett's land and Peter Wortman; thence as the line goes between Dr. Sackett's, Peter Demund, and Tunis Post till it meets the main road leading from Leake's Mill to the North Branch." This road was relaid May 30th, the same year, and its course changed to run "by the south side of Peter Wortman's meadow to a white-oak tree ; thence with a straight course through lands of Dr. Sackett to the corner of Tunis Post's garden ; thence along the south side of Tunis Post's garden to the main road leading from Leake's Mill to the North Branch." Few roads were laid in the township from this time till about 1820. CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. There is no church edifice within the limits of the township. The house of worship of the North Branch congregation is on the east side of the North Branch of the Raritan River, and many of its members live in Branchburg. The Neshanic church is on the south side of the South Branch of the Raritan, but its con- gregation is largely composed of members living in this township. On the west are the meeting-houses of the White House and Readington Churches. The cemetery at North Branch is on the old Ten Eyck farm, and was for many years used as a family burial-place. About the year 1830 a plot of about one acre of land was sold to the congregation of the North Branch Church, including the old burial-ground. It is inclosed by a thorn hedge. Here "the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep." The following are the names of some of the persons buried here : Jacob Ten Eyck, born 1693, died Oct. 26, 1753 ; Jemima, his wife, died Aug. 4, 1792, aged ninety -two years ; Jacob (son of Jacob), born Aug. 26, 1738, died Nov. 7, 1794, aged sixty-one years ; Margaret, his wife, born Dec. 20, 1733, died Feb. 15, 1820, aged eighty-six years ; Rynear Van Nest, died April 15, 1784, aged eighty- six years ; Jannetje Rappelye, his wife, died Jan. 15, 1792, aged eighty- four years ; Teunis Post, died Sept. 10, 1764, aged sixty-four years ; John Van Nostrand and his wife Margaret ; Rev. Rynier Van Nest, died July 9, 1813, aged seventy-four years ; Ann, his wife, died 1858, aged eighty-four years. Another burial-place, older than the preceding, is located on the old Van Kampen tract, now owned by Peter Van Camp. This plot is also inclosed with a thorn hedge. Several of the early stones are common slate. The earliest record is " Anno 1728." The in- scription is written in Low Dutch. The following are some of initials, names, and dates found in the inclo- sure: "Anno 1746, 0. P.," "A. L.," "L L.," "R. L.," "H. S., A.D. 1773," "C. S., A.D. 1777," "L H., a.d. 1786," " M. L., A.D. 1798," " I. V. C, A.d. 1799," " L. V. C, A.D. 1782," " C. v.. C, A.D. 1786," " 0. Van Camp," "T. V. C," "C. V. C," "Sacred to the memory of Magdalen, wife of John Hall and daugh- ter of Isaac and Sarah Goveneor, died Aug. 12, 1773, aged seventy-two years;" John Hall, died Oct. 29, 1766, aged sixty-three; Eebekah Hall, first wife or William Hall, died March 6, 1799, aged fifty-five ; Catharine, second wife of William Hall, died July 12, 1799, aged sixty-three ; William Hall, died Aug. 31, 1819, aged seventy-four ; Denise Stryker, died March 12, 1777, aged fifty-seven ; Lanah Hoagland, wife ot Denise Stryker, died Jan. 2, 1792, aged sixty-seven ; Richard Hall, died Feb. 26, 1801, aged fifty-nine; Jane Vroom, his wife, died Dec. 4, 1843, aged eighty- six; Joseph Stevens, died June 26, 1811, aged sev- enty-five ; Abraham Quick, died June 27, 1819, aged fifty-three; Catharine Quick, died May 3, 1848, aged eighty-two ; Christopher Stryker, died June 27, 1826, aged seventy; Judith, his wife, died Nov. 20, 1830, aged seventy-one; John Simonson, died June 20, 1804, aged sixty-one; Elizabeth H., his wife, died Dec' 29, 1831. A burial-place of the Van Nest family, near Van A 766 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Derveer's mills, was used as early as 1740. Dur- ing the Revolution about twenty soldiers who died with the smallpox were buried in a row on the east side. The line of graves is now plowed up, and is just outside of the fence. SCHOOLS. The earliest record pertaining to schools in the township is found in the following copy of a paper now in the possession of Tunis Ten Eyck, and is evi- dence that at that early day schools were taught in the neighborhood : " At a meeting of the Proprietors of the School House held yesterday, the expense of erecting and finishing the said School house was calcu- lated, when it waa found to amount to about thirty pounds. But the proprietors being generously disposed to make no account of the timber or a great part of their labour, if they can only collect as much money from those which has not assisted at the building as will defray the ex- pense of boards, nails, the making of the shingles, etc., have agreed to the following sums to be paid in wheat or money within two months after date, which, if complied with on the part of the subscribers, it shall Inti- tle them to a right in the School House in as full and ample a manner as if they had assisted at the building of it. " Jacob Ten Eyck, }^ bushel of weat. " .Joseph StuU, ^ bushel of ri. " North Branch, Oct. 30, 1782." No knowledge has been obtained of where the house was located or by whom the school was kept. In the north part of the township, those who can still remember the school-days relate that a log school-house was erected on the east side of the river, where Dr. Berg now lives ; this was afterwards re- placed by a frame. Later the site was used for the erection of the Dutch Reformed church, and the school built where it at present stands. Another was on the edge of the wood on the Van Kampen or Van Camp tract. The present districts are of compara- tively recent date. The township is divided into four districts, as follows: North Branch, No. 19; Cedar Grove, No. 20; South Branch, No. 22; Fairview, No. 23. The whole number of children in the township be- tween five and eighteen years of age is 458, of which North Branch District has 183 ; Cedar Grove, 86 ; South Branch, 115 ; Fairview, 74. Valuation of school property, $4600,— North Branch, $600 ; Cedar Grove, $500; South Branch, $2500; Fairview, $1000. The total amount of money received from all sources was .$1802.11, of which North Branch received $716.08 ; Cedar Grove, $374.37 ; South Branch, $411.71 ; Fair- view, $300. One female and three male teachers are employed, at an average salary of $35 per month. HAMLETS. Branchburg has no village within its limits. North Branch, situated on the North Branch of the Raritan, was laid out Dec. 25, 1844, by Joseph Thompson, at the request of Garret Stryker, on whose land it was. It contains 120 inhabitants, a hotel, post-office, store, grist-mill, school -house, blacksmith-shop, wagon- shop, and two wheelwrights. Here prior to the Rev- olution 100 acres were purchased of the Ten Eycks for a mill-site, and a mill was built upon it with two large undershot-wheels. About 1812 (the property then belonging to John Baylis) a smaller wheel was added. This continued until 1840, at which time the property came into the hands of John Runk, by whom the mill was remodeled and the fulling-mill removed. From that time to the present it has been a grist-mill. It is now owned by the estate of a Mr. Beekman of New York. A tavern was there in 1773, and kept by Dr. Abra- ham Bertron till 1795. It has changed hands many times. At an early day it was kept by Flummerfelt and by John Baylis. It is now owned and kept by S. A. Coddington. A post-office was established be- yond the memory of those living in the neighborhood, but among the postmasters were Edward Barto, Ralph Van Pelt, J. B. Smith, A. Rigger, and the present incumbent, Abraham Van Nest. The only other post-office in the town is at the North Branch Station. This office was established in 1862, and has had the following postmasters : David K. Craig, William Van Doren, Peter L. Kline, Abraham S. Gaston, and Peter S. Cramer. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. CALVIN CORLB. Hon. Calvin Corle is a native of Hillsborough town- ship, Somerset Co., N. J., where he was born on Jan. 22, 1830. His father, Charles Corle, was born in Delaware township, Hunterdon Co., on May 2, 1798. He married a lady of that county, — Hannah Hoag- land,— by whom he had three children, — viz., Calvin, the subject of this notice; Benjamin, who died in 1847 ; and Ellen Elizabeth, who died at the age of three years and ten months. Charles Corle spent the early portion of his life, until the age of thirty, in Hunterdon County, where he was a farmer by occu- pation. In 1827 he removed with his wife, whom he had recently married, to Hillsborough township, where, in connection with his brother Samuel, he purchased the Beekman mills, and engaged in farm- ing, milling, and storekeeping until Mr. Corle's death, which occurred on Nov. 5, 1857. He was for many years a justice of the peace in the township of Hillsborough, and was known as a man of probity and strict integrity of character. Mr. and Mrs. Corle both died during the same week, of typhoid fever. The subject of this sketch was brought up at the mills in Hillsborough township, and, besides attend- ing the common schools of his district, received an academical education at Pennington Seminary, New Jersey. In October, 1852, he married Hannah Van Camp for his first wife, by whom he had two chil- dren,— Charles and Hannah M. Corle,— both deceased. ^^^^ ^^^ BRANCHBURa. 767 Mrs. Corle died in March, 1869, and he married for his second wife Anna Hankins, of Allentowu, N. J., on May 9, 1871. He has had no children by the sec- ond marriage. Mr. Corle has all his life been engaged in agricul- tural pursuits, and may be regarded as a model farmer in the section of country where he resides. He re- moved to his present residence, in the township of Branchburg, in March, 1860, and has recently pur- chased the adjoining farm. He now owns one of the most beautiful estates in this rich valley, consisting of two hundred and forty acres of land under a high state of cultivation. In politics Mr. Corle is a Democrat, and has always firmly adhered to the principles of that party. In the fall of 1869 he was elected to represent Somerset County in the State Senate, and served in that body during the sessions of 1870, 1871, and 1872, acting as a member of several important committees. He has taken an active interest in all public improvements in his township and county, and is highly esteemed as a patriotic, liberal, and enterprising citizen. His integrity and honor are above suspicion or reproach. Mr. Corle, as trustee, executor, and administrator, has been largely engaged in the settlement of estates. Since November, 1879, he has held the responsible position of president of the Somerset County Bank, at Somerville. REV. HENRY VAN DERVEER VOORHEBS. Eev. Henry Van Derveer Voorhees, whose portrait appears in this work, represents in himself some of the oldest, most prominent, and most highly respected fainilies of the State. His maternal grand- mother, Alche (Letitia) Schenk, who married Israel Harris, a brilliant lawyer and judge, and once sheriff of Somerset County, was one of the five sisters of that name who, by their marriage with strong men, and by their careful training of their children in right principles, have indelibly stamped the impress of their names upon the annals of the State and nation. The eldest sister, Mary, married Dr. Lawrence Van Derveer, a great and good man ; the second, Catharine, married Elias Van Derveer, his brother, who died at the age of thirty-three from the effects of cruel treat- ment during a long imprisonment by the British during the Revolutionary war (his son was the cele- brated Dr. Henry Van Derveer, late of Pluckamin) ; the third, Gertrude, married Gen. Frederick Freling- huysen, of Millstone, and became the mother of the three prominent representatives of that family in the State, John, Theodore, and Frederick ; and the fifth (Alche being the fourth) sister married Gen. Peter I. Stryker, a popular physician of Somerville for many years. Their brother, Dr. Henry Schenk, of Neshanic, married Eleanor Hardenberg, daughter of Rev. Dr. Jacob R. Hardenberg, a prominent Dutch Reformed minister and former president of Rutgers College, N. J., and of Dinah Van Berg, his wife, historically called " Juffrow" Hardenberg, who was the widow of Rev. John Frelinghuysen. One branch of the Schenk family can be traced back' thirteen hundred years. It received its elevation to the peerage and its patent of nobility from the hand of Charlemagne himself. In the coat-of-arms decreed to the family the shield is in the form of a goblet, with " Die Schenken" (the Dutch for "cup-bearer") in German text at the bot- tom. The genealogy of the Voorhees family is more dis- tinctly traceable, link by link, to their origin in Hol- land than most other families of foreign extraction in this country. They take their name from their estates before the village of Hies, south of Ruinen, in the province of Drenthe, Holland, a part of ancient Friesland. The last ancestor of the family at that place, prior to the departure to these shores, was Coert Albertse. His son Steven Coerte, born in the year 1600, who received at his birth the name of "Van Voorhees," emigrated to this country, with his wife and seven children, in the ship " Bonticoe," Capt. Pieter Lucassen, and arrived at New York in April, 1660. His son, Lucas Stevens Van Voorhees, resided in 1685 at Hackensack, N. J., through whom the succession runs to the second son, Jan Lucasse, who removed to Flat Lands, L. I. The first son, Eldert, and his descendants dropped the surname of Van Voorhees, substituted that of Eldert, and thus branched off. Jan Lucasse, of Flat Lands, married three times. By his first wife, Anna Vanduyckhuysen, he had one son, Johannes Lucas Voorhees. By his second, Mayke R. Schenk, he had twelve children, the seventh child and sixth son of whom was Isaac, baptized March 23, 1716, the great-grandfather of Rev. Henry V. Voor- hees. The third wife of Jan Lucasse was Fametje Remsen, by whom he had no issue. Isaac Voorhees was also twice married. By his first wife, Sarah, he had John, who married Miss Rodney, of Maryland, and Stephen, a Presbyterian minister, and father of Robert Voorhees, of Prince- ton, N. J. His second wife was Helena, daughter of Derrick and Jannetje Van Arsdale Barkalo, of Mon- mouth Co., N. J. She was born Dec. 22, 1723, and the children of the marriage were Derrick, baptized June 22, 1755, who moved to Ohio and became the ancestor of United States senator Daniel Voorhees ; David, born Dec. 4, 1757 ; Jane (Mrs. Du Bois) ; and Maria (Mrs. Huff, of Neshanic). David, the second child of Isaac and Helena Voor- hees, when eighteen or nineteen years of age, was left in charge of the Voorhees residence at Middle- bush, N. J., during the Revolutionary struggle. Seeing a portion of Lord Howe's army approaching, he took his musket and went alone from the field to the house to protect the property. He was soon overpowered and bound, but, having a tenacious memory, he kejjt account of all that the enemy destroyed, and, escaping 768 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. from his captors, was afterwards able to write out a list of the articles destroyed, witli their value, which the lawful authorities recognized as just, and upon which remunerative payment was made. David Voorhees married Eve Oakey on May 2, 1788, and settled in New Brunswick, N. J., where he became a successful grain-merchant. His second son, Abraham Oakey Voorhees, was born Aug. 23, 1791, and mar- ried, March 24, 1814, Margaret P. Harris, of Middle- brook. Their seventh child and fourth son was Rev. Henry V. Voorhees, who was born in New Brunswick, N. J., on Dec. 19, 1826. When six weeks old he was removed by his parents to New York City, where his father engaged in the grain business as a member of the firm of Voorhees & Wilbur, and where he enjoyed a reputation for probity and fair dealing that any one might justly envy. Rev. Henry V. Voorhees was born with a delicate physical and nervous organization, and it was only with the greatest care that he was raised. When ten years of age he was deprived by death of his excellent mother, whose special care he had been to that time. A few years later he removed with his father to Princeton, N. J., the latter having been made execu- tor of the will of his cousin, Robert Voorhees, and the settlement of his large estate requiring his con- stant care and attention. His father subsequently purchased a farm in the vicinity of Rocky Hill, N. J., where he resided until his death, on June 27, 1866. After the death of his mother, Mr. Voorhees passed to the fostering care of his grandmother Harris, but in a few years she also passed away, at Princeton, on Aug. 9, 1840, leaving him to the care of the eldest sister, Catharine Letitia, who subsequently became the wife of Kev. Winthrop Bailey, of Long Island. Mr. Voorhees received his preliminary educational training in the schools at Princeton with a view of entering the excellent college at that place, but, yield- ing to the wishes of his father, who clung to the Dutch traditions of the family, he entered Rutgers College as a sophomore in 1844, whence he was grad- uated in the class of 1847. He subsequently entered the seminary at New Brunswick, and was graduated in 1850. In April following he was invited to supply the church at Geneva, N. Y., for six months, and at the close of that period he was unanimously chosen its pastor. While he entered upon the discharge of his duties without experience and under many diffi- culties, he continued for four years in the pastorate, achieving great success and popularity, and leaving behind him a united congregation and a lively and warm recollection of his excellencies and virtues as a Christian minister. In the year 1854, though suffer- ing from a severe attack of sore throat, Mr. Voorhees was urgently invited to become the pastor of the Broome Street Reformed Church, of New York, which was then laboring under some difficulties. In the early summer of 1855, yielding to a mistaken sense of duty, he accepted the call ; he was shortly after, however, prostrated by sunstroke, and compelled to seek the seclusion of the country for absolute rest. Later still he suffered from a severe attack of conges- tion of the brain, which confined him to the bed for six months and disabled him for duty for two years. As soon as he could write he sent in his resignation of his pastoral office. This was in 1856. His min- istry had been providentially interfered with, but among its fruits was the conversion of Leonard W. Kip, now a gifted and successful minister of Amoy, China. In January, 1858, Mr. Voorhees became the pastor of the church at Bound Brook, and, shortly after, a glorious revival of religion ensued. On Nov. 3, 1859, he was united in marriage to Jane Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Hon. Thomas G. Talmage, late mayor of Brook- lyn, N. Y., and a judge and State senator of New York. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Dr. Bethune, a life-long friend and patron of both Mr. and Mrs. Voorhees. In 1862, owing to internal dis- sensions in his church, caused by the civil war, Mr. Voorhees withdrew from Bound Brook. His next field of labor was in one of the enterprises of the Board of Domestic Missions in One Hundred and Fifty-Second Street, New York, then known as Car- mansville. Here he remained in charge of a weak and struggling church until the spring of 1865, when he resigned. He had taken it under a misapprehen- sion of facts, and found it in no condition to be per- manently benefited. His next pastoral charge was the South Bushwick Church, Brooklyn, the call to which he accepted in 1867. He retired from this ministry two years later because of the unhealthy condition of the locality, both himself and family suffering from ill health and one child being removed by death. On Jan. 1, 1871, he became the pastor of the church at Nyack, N. Y., where he labored with much success, until, worn out by hard work during a succession of warm revival seasons, he was com- pelled to resign his charge in 1878. He was the more willing to do this because the church was at that time laboring under great financial difficulties. Mr. Voorhees, since his resignation, has taken up his residence in his beautiful home near North Branch, N. J., where he has lived at intervals for the past fifteen years. The surroundings of the place are delightful, well calculated for rest and recuper- ation, and please the eye with the beauty of its scenery. As a speaker Mr. Voorhees takes high rank among the oratoi-s of his day. His style, at first ex- pository, then argumentative, leads him to the expres- sion of the most graceful and chaste imagery, and the whole combined leads to certain conviction in the minds and hearts of his hearers. Though not as rich in fancy as his gifted brother Robert, of Harlingen, — one of the most accomplished speakers of the State, — his style is better adapted to sustain those cogent appeals to the consciences of his hearers which this gospel preacher makes at the close of his discourses. William Fleming, father of the above, born in 1770, married Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Cook ; was a farmer, and spent most of his life in the township of Alexandria, Hunter- don Co., where he was identified with the local interests of the vicinity. He was for many years a trustee of the Presbyterian Church there, and was officially connected with that body as elder. For a short time he was a resident of Oxford township, Warren Co., and was a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church there. He died in 1833, aged sixty-three years. His children were Eleanor, Jacob C, Thomas, Andrew, William, Joanna, Tylee, and Abbott. Andrew Fleming was born in Alexandria township, Oct. 23, 1805. At the age of eleven years he went from home to care for himself, and until he was twenty-six years of age was mostly engaged working on a farm. For six years following he was a huckster in Hunterdon and Warren Counties. In 1838 he married Margaret, daughter of John Lawshe, of Union township. She was born May 10, 1817. Following his marriage, in 1839, he settled in the township of Branchburg, Somerset Co., and engaged in farming and milling at Milltown, where he rented the Van der Veer farm and mill. In 1846 he purchased the farm upon which he now resides, at that time consisting of two hundred acres, a part of which he sold to Jonathan Robbins. A subsequent purchase of twenty-five acres makes his present farm one hundred and twenty-five acres, upon which he erected a brick house in 1850. Besides his agricultural pursuits, Mr. Flem- ing has been a director for twenty-two years, and treasurer for twenty-four years, of the Far- mers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company of New Jersey, located at Readington. He has been interested in all questions affect- ing the interests of the vicinity in w^hich he has lived, and always conscientiously acting in poli- tics upon principles that seemed right and just to him, irrespective of the party men who repre- sented them. For five years he has officiated as justice of the peace, which position he filled with honor to himself and justice to those who received his counsel. He was several years superintendent of public schools in Branch- burg, and has always taken great interest in educational matters. To Mr. and Mrs. Fleming have been born fifteen children. Those who reached maturity were John; Jane; Ann, wife of Alonzo Butler, of Holland township ; George, resides in Clin- ton, and is the principal of the institute there; Levi, a teacher in Easton, Pa., died in 1875, aged twenty-eight; Robins, a civil engineer in Cleveland, Ohio; Kate, wife of Alfred But- ler, of Chambersburg, N. J.; Asher, at home; and John, who is also a teacher. ^u2o7uJ o-a/?iJ ^iX/rriJo Tunis Van Camp is a grandson of Thomas Van Camp, who was a resident of the territory comprising the pres- ent township of Branchburg at an early day, and occu- pied one hundred and seventy-five acres of land where Christian V. D. Corle now resides. He served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war throughout its entire duration, and was taken prisoner by the British and confined for seven months, at the expiration of which time he was paroled. His wife was Catharine Van Middlesworth, and the issue of the marriage were Cornelius, Tunis and John (twins), and Jane. The latter became the wife of Abraham Smock, of Eead- ington. John, son of Thomas Van Camp, was born on his father's farm on May 30, 1784, and in 1806 purchased of his cousin, Cornelius Van Camp, the place where Peter Van Camp now resides, which became the family homestead thereafter. Here he lived, engaged in agri- cultural pursuits, for over half a century. He was one of the old substantial citizens of the town- ship, to whose industry and enterprise much of its pres- ent prosperity is due. His farm comprised two hundred and eighty-six acres of rich and productive land, and to its cultivation he devoted all of his energies. He died on Aug. 6, 1875, over ninety-one years of age. His wife was Jane, daughter of Gilbert Lane, of North Branch, whom he married Oct. 6, 1804. Her father served as a drummer in the Eevolutionary war, where he was one of the Minute-Men. She was boi'n April 16, 1784, and died about 1872. The children of the marriage were Gilbert L., born March 9, 1807, died Nov. 28, 1864; Tunis, born Nov. 19, 1811 ; Peter; Susan D. and Rebecca Elizabeth (twins), born Jan. 29, 1815; and Jane. Susan became the wife of Cornelius P. Brokaw, of Eoycefield, N. J. ; Pvebecca married Frederick Ten Eyck, of Mill- stone ; Jane became the wife of George Barber, of Hun- terdon County. Tunis Van Camp, the subject of this sketch, was born on the old homestead on Nov. 19, 1811, and is the oldest male representative of the family now living. His edu- cational advantages were limited to those afibrded by the district schools of his locality. In 1843 he pur- chased a farm near his father's, comprising one hundred and sixty-seven acres, which he occupied until a few years ago. He now resides at' Neshanic Depot, in a pleasant home, and has retired from the active duties of life. Mr. Van Camp has always been identified with the Democratic party, though he has abstained from seeking or filling public office. He is a regular attendant of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Neshanic, of which his wife is now a member. His life has been a worthy and industrious one, exemplifying the principles of integrity and honor, and being crowned with that success that it so richly deserves. On Nov. 20, 1844, Mr. Van Camp was united in mar- riage to Ida, daughter of Gilbert Schenck, formerly of Ringos, and latterly of Hillsborough township. Her mother was Rachel, daughter of Dennis Van Liew one of the early substantial citizens of Hillsborough, and who lived to the advanced age of ninety-three years. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Van Camp now living are Jeannette, widow of Dr. Richard Ludlow, who re- sides at Neshanic ; John, who occupies his father's farm in Branchburg; and Rachel Anna. BRANCHBURG. 169 Mr. Voorliees is yet in the prime of life, enjoying the companionsliip of a loving helpmeet and cher- ished family, and doubtless has many years of use- fulness before him. JAMES TEN EYCK.® James Ten Eyck was the fifth in line of descent from Coenradt Ten Eyck, who emigrated from Am- sterdam, Holland, to this country in the year 1650 and located in N ew York City, where he owned what is now called Coenties Slip. A portion of this tract is still owned by a descendant, Mrs. Susan T. ^Villiamson, of Elizabeth, N. J. Coenradt Ten Eyok was a farmer by occupation, and passed his days in tilling the soil and conquering for the uses of agriculture the virgin forests of the New World. He died in New York City, and his remains are supposed to be interred be- neath the "old post-office." He married Maria Boele, who came with him from Holland and bore him eleven children, of whom six were born in America. Mattys was the youngest of these children, and was born in New York City on May 18, 1658. At an early age he removed to Old Hurley, Ulster Co., N. Y., where he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and, to some extent, in the transportation business on the Hudson Eiver. The " Documentary History of the * Somelimes spelled Ten Eycke. State of New York" mentions him in the list of free- holders of Hurley in 1728, and a namesake, Matthew, who died June 11, 1809, aged eighty years, was one of the one hundred and sixty-eight proprietors among whom the common lands of that town were divided by act of the Legislature of New York passed April 4, 1806. In 1751 the latter was one of three millers of Hurley who recorded their brand-marks. Mattys Ten Eyck was a man of influence and prominence, was assessor of the town in 1722, supervisor in 1725, and filled an important place in the community. He was one of the founders of the Reformed Church of Hurley. He died in 1741, and a humble stone in the burying-ground at Hurley village marks his resting- place. He married Jannekin, a daughter of Aldert Eoosa, another pioneer settler of Hurley, on Oct. 22, 1679, and had children,— Albert, Andries, Coenradt, Jacob, Abraham, Wyntie (wife of Jan Hendricks), Marietie (wife of Tjerck Van Keuren), Grietie (wife of William Burhans), Sarah (wife of Lawrence Cort- right), and Ragell (wife of Cornelius Newkirk). Jacob, son of Mattys, was born in Hurley in 1693. On Oct. 20, 1725, he received by deed flrom his father, for the consideration of five hundred pounds current money, five hundred acres of land on the northerly side of the North Branch of the Raritan River, which the latter had purchased of John Johnson on Nov. 12, 1700, and Jan. 7, 1702. Jacob early took up his residence on the tract and added more to it. He erected a one-and-a-half-story house on the site of the present residence of Miss Isabella Ten Eyck. This structure was of Low Dutch style, and the upper part was used for a granary, in which were stored the pro- ducts of the field. Jacob Ten Eyck married Jemima Van Nest, daughter of Jerome Van Nest, of Somer- ville, N. J., and the fruits of the union were Jacob'', Matthew, Coonrod, Peter, Cattrin, Jaen, and Han- nah. He was a farmer by occupation, and died in 1758, willing his property to his son Jacob. His wife died in 1792, aged ninety-two. Jacob Ten Eyck'' was born in the old stone house erected by his father at North Branch on Aug. 25, 1733. He succeeded his father in following the peaceful pursuits of agriculture on the old home place, and married, on March 16, 1758, Margaret, daughter of James Hagaman, of Raritan. He served as a captain in the Revolutionary war. The children of his marriage were Jacob', Jane, Margaret, Cath- arine, Jemima, and James. In 1792 he erected the substantial stone house occupied by Miss Isabella Ten Eyck, and in 1794 he was laid to rest in the old bury- ing-ground of the family at North Branch. This, which is now used in connection with the Reformed Dutch church at North Branch, was originally laid out as a private burial-place by Jacob Ten 'EjcV and his wife, and the former was among the first who were interred beneath its sod. Jacob and James pur- chased the interest of their sisters in their father's land, and divided it in the year 1800, each receiving 770 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. one hundred and fifty-five acres. James Ten Eyck, the subject of this memoir, was born in the home residence on May 2, 1773. He was a man of plain habits, modest and unassuming, and passed his days within the inner circles of life as a farmer. Identi- fied with the Democratic party, he held aloof from public ofiice, and neither sought nor obtained politi- cal station. He was a member of the Eeformed Pro- testant Dutch Church of North Branch, and filled the offices of both deacon and elder. On Oct. 4, 1798, he was united in marriage to Esther, daughter of James Hankerson, of Monmouth County, and had the fol- lowing children, viz., Margaret (who married Gideon Cox), born Oct. 28, 1799 ; Isabella, born March 15, 1802; Jacob, born March 10, 1804; James, born May 2, 1806 ; Peter, born Aug. 28, 1808 ; Mary Ann (wife of Abraham Van Nest), born Feb. 14, 1811 ; John, bom Sept. 28, 1813 ; Tunis, born June 9, 1816 ; and J. C. Jane (wife of George H. Duyckinck), born Aug. 21, 1823. Of these children, Margaret and John are dead, Peter resides at Fair View, 111., and J. C. Jane resides at Lamington, N. J. The remainder live at North Branch, on portions of the old estate. After a life of toil, self-denial, and care, James Ten Eyck passed away on July 4, 1854, at the age of eighty-one years. He had reared his family carefully, and left to them, besides a good estate and a good name, the richer legacy of a bright example, embodying correct principles of life and habits of industry, frugality, and thrift. SIMON A. NEVIUS. David Nevius lived early near Van Derveer's Mills, in the township of Branchburg, where Mr. Van Nest Stilwell resides. His first wife was Mary Addis, by whom he had four children, — Simon, Adrian, Ellen, and Sarah. Mrs. Nevius died about 1834. His second wife was Jemima Ten Brook, who died leav- ing no children. David Nevius removed to North Branch a few months prior to his death, about 1857. He was for many years a member of the Reformed Church of Eeadington, and officiated both as deacon and elder. Simon A. Nevius spent his minority in the usual routine of farm-work and attending the district school. Soon after his marriage to Miss Brachia Simonson, who was horn in June, 1796, he began farming on a portion of his father's farm, where John Clawson now resides. He subsequently resided where Eev. Henry V. Voorhees now lives, and spent his latter days with his son, Abraham V. He never sought political pre- ferment, but remained a firm supporter of the Demo- cratic party during his life. He was a man of good judgment and correct habits, and possessed that ster- ling integrity that secured the esteem of all who knew him. He was a promoter of all worthy enterprises, and for many years deacon and elder of the Eeformed Church at North Branch. He died Feb. 28, 1863, having been born Dec. 13, 1796. His wife died Dec. 9, 1875. Their children were David, Jr., born April 3, 1818; John S., born July 24, 1820, resides in ■^-^^^^O^-CryrO 'jZyU^^ Illinois; Mary Ellen, born Nov. 13, 1822, wife of Van Doren Voorhees ; Simon P., born April 10, 1825, resides in Illinois; Elizabeth Ann, born Dec. 13, 1828, wife of Matthew Lane, of Bedminster; Dennis S., born April 12, 1830 ; Abraham V., born April 16, 1833 ; Garret, born Feb. 23, 1836, resides in Illinois ; Anna Jane, born Sept. 11, 1839, died in childhood, Jan. 11, 1841. David, Jr., married, Feb. 28, 1851, Eachel, daughter of John Eyan, and granddaughter of John Eyan, a soldier in the Eevolutionary war. Of their three children, John died in infancy, Simon P., born 1854, and Sally H., born in 1868. Abraham V. married, Feb. 10, 1864, Anna, daughter of Henry B. Staats, of Bridgewater township. They have four children, — Simon A., Gertrude, died in infancy, Anna E., and Henry Staats. David, Jr., and Abraham V. are far- mers in the township of Bridgewater, near North Branch. ISAAC DDMONT. Abraham Diimont was one of the early settlers of Branchburg, and resided on the old Dumont farm along the turnpike. He married Jane P., daughter of Isaac Van Cleef, of Millstone. Their children were four daughters and two sons, Isaac and Peter. Abraham Dumont was a farmer during his life, was ISAAC DUMONT. BRANCHBUEG. 771 known as a man of strict integrity in all his business relations. Isaac Dumont, subject of this sketch, was born June 21, 1797. His wife was Mrs. Maria Ne- vius, formerly Maria Van Doren, daughter of Jacob Van Doren, of Millstone, whom he married Oct. 23, 1828. She was born July 10, 1806. Their chil- dren are CorneUus N., born Aug. 19, 1829; Jane, wife of William D. Smith, born Aug. 2, 1831 ; Mary Eliza- beth, widow of John Van Doren, of Middlebush; Abraham, born Aug. 8, 1835 ; Joanna M., born March 17, 1838 ; Phebe Lodema, born July 21, 1840, mar- ried David Wortman, of Long Branch; Peter, born Dec. 15, 1844 ; Jacob, died young. Isaac Dumont spent his younger days on his father's farm and at the district school. At the time of his marriage he was carrying on his father's farm. In 1833 he removed to the place now occupied by his son Abraham, near the North Branch depot, where he resided until about 1862, when he removed to the place where his son "Peter now resides, and where he died in 1863. He was politically a life-long Democrat, and never aspired to office. He was liberal in matters of public enterprise, and a promoter of church and kindred in- terests. For many years he was a deacon and elder of the North Branch Reformed Church, ofaciating as elder at the time of his death. Cornelius N. Dumont, a farmer in Branchburg, was a member of the Centennial Board of Free- holders in 1876, married Rachel, daughter of Peter Brokaw. They have four children, — Isaac N., Peter Q., Frank N., and Jacob, all living. Abraham mar- ried Mary, daughter of Samuel Potter, of Lamington, N. J. They have two daughters and one son, — Jennie, Anna, and William E. Peter married Naomi, daugh- ter of John Gaston ; they have three children, — John G., Cora, and Oliver. ABRAHAM VAN NEST. Among the first to penetrate the wilds of Somerset County and to seek out a home in its virgin forests was Peter Van Nest, who came from Long Island in 1683 and located on the Raritan, near Somerville. From a conveyance of one hundred acres of land made by him to his children in 1724, we learn that the latter were Peter, Jeromus, John, George, Bernardus, Judith, Catharine, Yacominca, and Hannah. Jeromus is believed to have been the ancestor of the subject of this sketch. His grandfather was Abraham, who located soon after the close of the Revolutionary war ^here his grandson, Jerome Van Nest, resides, in Bedminster township, which became the family seat of his line. Here he passed a long and useful life as a farmer, doing his part cheerfully and energetically to develop the resources of the country and to establish its institutions. He married Sarah Boovam, and his children were Jerome, John A., Abraham, Rebecca, Anna, and Catharine. John A. Van Nest was born on the home farm on Jan. 23, 1782. In December, 1803, he married Jane, daughter of George Van Nest. She was born on Dec. 11, 1782. He passed his life engaged in agri- cultural pursuits and abstained from all publicity, living within the inner circles of society. He was known as a man of integrity in all the relations of life, and enjoyed the respect and esteem of all who knew him. He died on Jan. 19, 1858, aged seventy-six years. His children were Catharine, wife of George Lane, of Bridgewater, born Sept. 11, 1804; Abraham, born Oct. 6, 1806 ; George, born April 5, 1810; and Sarah Ann, wife of Abraham Powelson, of Bridgewater, born April 14, 1813. George was a farmer, and succeeded his father on the home place. He died of cholera on Nov. 12, 1866. His widow, nie Margaret Davenport, and his sons, John, Abra- ham, and Henry, occupy his late residence, near North Branch. The subject of this sketch was born where Mrs. Margaret Van Nest resides, in Bridgewater township, at the date given above. When eighteen years of age he commenced learning the trade of a shoemaker with Philip Vroom, of Bedminster, and followed that pursuit for eleven years. In 1840 he established him- self in the mercantile business at North Branch, where he has since remained. He is purely a self- made man, and from a humble position in life has by industry and correct business habits and personal deportment achieved success in the world, and, be- sides accumulating a large and valuable estate, he 772 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. enjoys the confidence and respect of a wide range of acquaintances and friends. He is a Eepublican in politics, though he has never been a seeker after place. He has been postmaster at North Branch for a decade of years, having been appointed by President Grant early in his first administration. He is a liberal con- tributor to all worthy purposes, and has been actively and oflicially connected with the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of North Branch for a long term of years, filling the position of elder at the present writ- ing (1880). On Oct. 22, 1841, Mr. Van Nest married Mary Ann, daughter of James Ten Eyck, of North Branch. Two children were born to the union, — viz., Esther J., wife of Dr. James D. Van Derveer, of Liberty Corner, and Catharine Isabel, who died in infancy. a. VOORHEES QUICK. G. Voorhees Quick is a grandson of Abraham Quick, who was born in Hillsborough township, mar- ried Catharine Beekman, born in Harlingen, and about 1776 settled the homestead, now occupied by our sub- ject, and erected the house now standing on the place and occupied as a tenant-house. He was a man of sound judgment, an active member of the Reformed Church of Neshanic, where he filled the offices of both deacon and elder. He died about the year 1800. His children were Joakim, Christopher, Abraham, Catha- rine, Martha, Glis, Maria, Magdalene, and Anna. His maternal grandfather was Uriah Van Deripe, who married Ann Voorhees, by whom he had two children, Jerianna and John. Joakim Quick, his father, born in 1789, died on the homestead in his sixty-sixth year, having passed his days as a farmer on the old place. He enjoyed the same connections witb the Neshanic Church as his father. His wife was Jerriana, daughter of Jere- miah Van Deripe, by whom he had four children, — viz., John, Catharine, Abraham J., and G. V. Quick. Catharine became the wife of Calvin Pepper, of New York City, John resides at Clover Hill, and Abraham J. is a minister at Rochester, N. H. Joakim Quick died in 1855. G. Voorhees Quick was born on the home farm on March 5, 1835, where he has since resided, engaged in agricultural pursuits. His farm comprises one hun- dred and thirty-four acres. He erected his tasteful residence in 1876. He is a Republican in politics, but no office-seeker, though he has served on the town committee two years. He is a member of the Reformed Church at South Branch, where he fills the office of deacon. He is recognized as one of the successful, representative farmers of his section of country, and respected for his upright and consistent course of life. On Nov. 28, 1860, he was united in marriage to Ju- liana, daughter of John and Doratha (Welch) Craig, of Tewksbury township, Hunterdon Co. Her great- grandfather was a physician, served in the Revolu- tionary war, and was a close friend of Gen. Washing- ton. The children are Arthur Craig, born Oct. 22, 1864, and Louis Woodward, born June 20, 1871. PETER G. SCHOMP. Peter G. Schomp is a grandson of Peter Schomp, one of the first settlers of the township of Readington, Hunterdon Co. He was a farmer by occupation, and a wealthy landowner, the tract of land that he owned comprising about a thousand acres. His wife was Margaret Hoff'man, of Flemington, N. J. Of the ten children born to the marriage, George P., John P., Peter P., David P., and Jacob P. were the sons. Peter Schomp was a devout member of the Reformed Church of Readington, and died in 1809. George P. Schomp was the oldest son of Peter Schomp, and was born in Readington township. Upon attaining manhood he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and in that avocation passed his life. He was an adherent of the Republican party, and, though no aspirant for public position, filled various minor offices in his township. He was an active and worthy member of the Readington Reformed Church. He was twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of George Anderson, of Readington, who bore him the following children, — viz., Ann, who be- came the wife of Cornelius M. Wyckofi", Peter G., George A., Jacob G., John G., David G., and Corne- lius W. Mrs. Schomp died Nov. 2, 1818, and a few '0-^yyj-42_^ ^^W-C^ ^ «J^Q^ Tunis D. Myers was a grandson of Burtis Myers, an early resident of Hunterdon County. His father, Peter Myers, was a farmer by occupation, and resided in Kingwood township in that county. Peter Myers married Elizabeth Dilly, and had one child by the union, Tunis D. Myers, the subject of this sketch. The latter was born on May 2, 1806, and passed the earlier years of his life on his father's farm. His only educational advantages were an attendance at " seven quarters of school under nine school-teachers." With this modest preparation for life's duties, his father being poor, he left home at the age of eighteen years to do for himself. He repaired to the old De- mun farm in Branchburg, at present occupied by John Vosseller, and began life as a farm laborer. Later on he worked the place on shares for a number of years, and in 1854 he purchased one hundred and three acres of land, where his son, John B. D. Myers, now resides. Here he remained twelve years, when, owing to failing health, he removed to South Branch, N. J., where he lived a retired life until his death, May 30, 1880, at the age of seventy-four. While Mr. Myers confined his attention closely to his duties as a farmer, he was nevertheless active in public afiairs, and took great interest in all matters tending towards the advancement of the material interests of his locality. He was a member of the Democratic party and a strong supporter of the war. but was never an aspirant for political place. He was one of the founders of the township of Branchburg, and a devout member of the Reformed Church of Readington, with which he was officially connected both as deacon and as elder. He contributed with a liberal and generous hand to all worthy enterprises, and was actively identified with the various public movements of his day. At his death he enjoyed the confidence and esteem of all who knew him. His wife, who survives him, was Ann, daughter of John Naylor, whom he married on Dec. 1, 1834, and their children have been John B. D. and Elizabeth Myers. The latter is the wife of John K. Reger, of South Branch, and has a son, William M. Reger, who was born Nov. 14, 1871. John B. D. Myers was born July 3, 1839, and was brought up on his father's farm. His education was obtained at the district school and at the Trenton (N. J.) Academy. He began the life of a farmer at the age of twenty-two years on his present farm, and has since resided there. He occupies an influential position in the township ; is a Republican in politics, and has filled the oflices of assessor, justice of the peace, and collector, being an incumbent of the last two positions in 1880. On March 13, 1866, he was united in marriage to Mary L., daughter of Jacob Vosseller, and has one child, Roger, born Aug. 29, 1871. HILLSBOROUGH. 773 years later Mr. Schomp married Mrs. Mary Vosseller. By this marriage were born Tunis C. and Henry P. Schomp. Mr. Schomp died on March 21, 1847, in the sixty-ninth year of his age, and was buried on his own farm. Peter G. Schomp, to whom this sketch is dedicated, was born on his father's farm in Readington on Aug. 28, 1801. His early advantages were limited, and his daily life was that common among the farmers' sons of his day. About the age of twenty-one years he received a small allowance from his father and com- menced farming in Readington on his own account. In 1838 he purchased of Garret Probasco one hun- dred and forty acres of land in Branchbiirg township, Somerset Co., which his son George now occupies, and here he took up his residence. To this tract Mr. Schomp subsequently made additions, so that at pres- ent (1880) he owns a fine farm of 200 acres, under a good state of cultivation. He erected his present substantial and handsome residence in 1860. In the year 1821, Mr. Schomp was united in mar- riage to Catharine, daughter of Aaron Kline, of Read- ington. His children were George ; Catharine Ann, who married John Sutphin, of Branchburg, and who died in January, 1880 ; Elizabeth, who married Wil- liam Wyckoff, of Branchburg, and who died May 3, 1863 ; Caroline, wife of Abraham H. Lane, of Branch- burg ; and John, who died July 31, 1846, aged five years. Mr. Schomp has now attained the advanced age of seventy-nine years, and is still a well-preserved and energetic old gentleman. His has been a singularly active and laborious life, and the success which has crowned it has been due to his energy of character and to close and faithful performance of duty. By industry and economy he has gathered together a fine estate, and he enjoys the highest respect and esteem of all who know him. While he has always been a supporter of the principles of the Democratic party, he has avoided political strife and confined his labors strictly to his chosen avocation. He has always been a liberal supporter of the benevolent and philan- thropic enterprises of the day, and has been a mem- ber of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Readington for about forty years, a portion of this time filling the offices of deacon and elder. hillsboeough; GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. This is the largest township in the county of Som- erset. Its present boundaries are as follows : North by the Raritan River, which separates it from the town of Bridgewater ; northwest by the South Branch of the Raritan, which separates it from the town of Branchburg ; southwest by the county line, which separates it from the towns of Raritan and East Am- well. In Hunterdon County; south by the town of Montgomery; east by the Millstone River, which separates it fi-om the town of Franklin. The town- ship contains 389 farms, and its superficial area is 37,894 acres, or 59.21 square miles. Its population, as given in the census of 1880, is 3249. NATURAL FEATURES. The surface of the eastern part is level or gently undulating; the soil is red sandstone. The surface of the western part is hilly ; the soil consists of clay and loam. Neshanic Mountain, composed of trap rock, enters the southwest corner and extends into the township about 5 miles ; it is about 500 feet high. With the exception of the top of this mountain, the * By EeT. E. T. Corwin, D.D. whole township is well cultivated. But very little timber-land is now to be seen. The streams wholly within the township are com- paratively small. The Neshanic River crosses the northwest corner, and after a northeasterly course of about 3 miles flows into the South Branch of the Rar- itan. Royce Brook has several sources at the foot of Neshanic Mountain, near Flaggtown, and after flow- ing southeasterly about 3 miles, and northeasterly about 4 miles, with a sudden turn to the south for a quarter of a mile, it flows into the Millstone at Weston. No Pike Brook courses southeasterly about 3 miles on the southern border, and, turning south- ward, flows through Montgomery township into Beeden's Brook. Cattail Bun, or Rock Brook, passes through a gorge in Neshanic Mountain, near the southwest corner of the township, at Bock Mills, and becomes the north branch of Beeden's Brook. Very many small streams, a mile or two long, issuing from springs, flow into the larger brooks or the rivers on the borders. The Millstone River forms a crooked boundary on the east, extending about 8 miles by the course of the river. This stream, owing to the level character of the country and the mill-dams upon it, is more than 100 feet wide and 5 or 6 feet deep. It flows into the Raritan. 774 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. LESAL DESCRIPTION OP THE TOWNSHIP. There seems to be no record preserved of the for- mation of Hillsborough township. In 1693 the Legis- lative Assembly divided the counties into townships, extending Piscataway, on the south side of the Rari- tan, from the Somerset line of 1683 (see Map) to the South River and the western bounds of the province. This included nearly all of Franklin, the southeast- ern part of Hillsborough, the southeastern half of Montgomery, and much more territory besides. In subsequent acts, when the towns are specified for as- sessment and other causes, we always find the county of Somerset named with the towns of the province.* Bridgewater received a royal patent or charter in 1749. It is highly probable that the southern part of the county (all south of the Raritan) received a char- ter at the same time. In 1760 an act was passed for running the lines between the several counties and respective town- ships.! -'^t tl'is time Hillsborough, including Mont- gomery, was styled the " Western Precinct" ; it was more commonly known, however, as Hillsborough. In 1775 this title was in common use, and gave name to the church of Millstone, which was then incorpo- rated as " Hillsborough." In 1798, under the general law for the incorporation of each of the several townships of the State, it was directed that the township of Hillsborough should be styled and known by the name of " The Inhabitants of the Township of Hillsborough, in the County of Somerset." LAND TITLES AND SETTLEMENT. Hillsborough township was long disputed ground between the proprietors of East and West Jersey. Keith's partition line, which was run in 1687, consti- tutes the present western boundary of the town and of the county. But Lawrence's line, which was run in 1743, threw by far the larger portion of the township into West Jersey. According to Map No. II. in the Elizabethtown bill of chancery (1747), Lawrence's line runs about a mile west of the present Millstone church. The same is true according to the map of the commissioners of 1769, appointed by the Legisla- tive Assembly of the province. This latter map is reissued in the reprint of Smith's " History of New Jersey," 1877. But if we take the tree by the John M. Mann house, just west of Somerville, as a true point on the line, and run a straight course on our present maps to Little Egg Harbor, the line falls a quarter of a mile east of Millstone, in Franklin town- ship. The present line between the townships of Still- water and Hampton, in Sussex County, is a remnant of Lawrence's line. But this, if extended on our latest maps, crosses the Millstone at Weston, runs nearly two miles east of Millstone, and falls into the sea far » See laws of 1695, p. 354; 1698, pp. 371-74; 1713, p. 16; 1726, p. 69. ■f Allison's Laws, p. 327. to the east of Little Egg Harbor. It is also stated in the preamble to the laws subsequently passed con- cerning this line that private parties had often mu- tually agreed as to where the line should run between their respective plantations. Some of the land titles in the village of Millstone, and north of it along the river, are recorded at Burlington, while others farther west are recorded at Amboy. The deed of the origi- nal parsonage farm, in 1774 (now owned by Joseph V. S. Van Doren), nearly a mile north of the village, and on the west side of the Millstone, is described as being in Middlesex County ! Millstone village often passed under the name of Hillsborough, and is some- times called Middleburg in early deeds. Many titles along the Millstone are on record at Trenton, in the office of the Secretary of State, while others were re- corded in Middlesex County, long after Somerset was formed. It is not likely that the burning of two suc- cessive court-houses (at Six-Mile Run in 1787, and at Millstone in 1779) caused the loss of many valuable papers, as several early statutes required titles to be recorded at the capital of the province. Perhaps only the books of the board of freeholders and justices, together with the charter of Hillsborough and Frank- lin, with some loose papers on current business, were lost. Under the Dutch sway there was no land formally taken up within this township, with perhaps a single exception. The late Rockhill Robeson, of Weston, in 1866 assured the writer that family papers showed his ancestors settled on the Millstone River (on which side was not stated) as early as 1642, and that they removed to Philadelphia in 1666. It was under the twenty-four proprietors that the valleys of the Millstone and the Raritan began to be permanently settled. Their government lasted for twenty years from 1682. Of these proprietors. Son- mans, Hart, Plumstead, Cooper, Lawrie, and Barker had land set ofi" to them in what afterwards became the township of Hillsborough. Lawrie sold 250 acres of the meadows on the south side of the Raritan, in 1682, to James Graham, John White, Samuel Winder, and Cornelius Courzer.J The proprietors in posses- sion, in the same year, sold 3000 acres in the angle of the Raritan and Millstone Rivers (exclusive of the above meadows) to Capt. Anthony Brockholls, William Rinborne, John Robinson, Capt. Mathias Nicholls, and Samuel Edsall. In 1683, John Ben- nett purchased an irregular plot at the northwest of the township, embracing Neshanic and Clover Hill. In 1685, John Royce bought the tract at the angle of the Raritan and Millstone of Brockholls & Co.,| and required a title from the proprietors, || as well as from the above company. This plot extended up the Mill- stone to " Indian Wigwam" (now the place of Isaac Brower, Esq.), and up the Raritan 3J miles (opposite X Amboy Records, Lib. A, 273 ; Trenton, Lib. A, 251. g Trenton, Lib. A, 202, 206. 1 Ibid., 273, 274. Early Purchasers ~X^^^j^^4.iiaBroolL^, LLS B r'o U GHr~M oTl T GOm'e'r ^( I |.7i?rW,.-r*' ^^C^^^ ' franklin'townships ^ CompilcBl fr-am JlcedsMap KSS (uuiXocdlirops Jlcvltcd 5y XJ.X.COIIWIX.'JJD. ^awfhct afSottLfTsct RESIDENTS IN 1766.» \ \ 'B'^iod Jjots 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 16. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 26. Dr. Meroer (in Middlesex). Philip Freneh. Henry Gnart. Philip French (at One-Mile P. French's Farm House. Eoad to Millstone. John Shanks. John Kent. Three-Mile Bun. Cornelius Waldron's Tavern. John Van Liew. Jooobus Cornell. (John Bennett. Cornelius Bennett. Samuel Oarretson. Fulkert Van Nostrandts. Rot. John Light (Leydt). William Williamson. Nicholas Van Lewon. Jacob Wikoff. Simon Wikoff. John Pyatt. Six-Mile Run (Brook). Philip Kearney, f Simon Hagaman. I Benjamin Hagaman. I Peter Suydam. ( John Suydam. ■27. 28. 29. Ran, west side of brook) . 26. Widow Stryker. Peter Pomme (Pumyea). John Manley. f William Stothoff. \ John Stothoff. 30. Widow Wood's Tarem. 31. Dutch Chnroh. 32. Joseph Qifford (Tavern). 33. Adrian Manley. 34. Nioholas Johnson. 36. Nine-Mile Rnn (Widow Hoagland), 36. Jacobus Wyokoff. 37. Daniel Barcalow. 38. Peter Qulick (Gate). 39. Still House. 40. DoUis Hegeman. 41. Jacobus Labre. 42. John Qulick. 43. Tunis Quick. 44. Jacob Van Dyke. 46. William Donaldson. 46. William Williamson (Tavern). 47. Cornelius De Hart. 48. Benjamin Comlin. 49. Jedediah Higgins. 60. Presbyterian Church at Kingston. 61. Dr. Hendrickson. 62. Forman's Mill. 63. Barefoot 3rinson. 54. Richard Stockton (Whitehouse). 65. Capt, Howard. 56. Samuel Brinson. 57. John Opdike. 58. Richard Stookton, Esq. 59. Ezekiel Forman. 60. Joseph Olden. 61. Robert Stookton. 62. Joseph Stockton. 63. Sylvanus Hunt. 64. Worth's Mill. 66. Samuel Worth. 66. Samuel Stockton. 67. Edward Bainbridge. 68. Hendrik Bergen (place of Simcoe's capture). 69. Peter Rapalje. 70. John Spader. 71. Fred. Van Liew. 72. Garret Voorhees. 73. Benjamin Van Doren. 74. John Sehureman. 75. Denice Van Liew (De Heiater's fort). 76. Hend. Probasco (and fort). 77. Ann Van Liew (Cornwallis' fort). *Takfcn from a survey In 1766, in posaeasiun of Che. Deshler, of New BruDBwIck HILLSBOROUan. 775 th.e present village of Raritan), its southwestern cor- ner being near the present Roycefield school. It was stipulated that this plot should be called Eoycefield. Boyce was obliged to confirm Graham & Co. in the possession of their meadow-land,* and he soon after sold 1100 acres of this plot to John Robinson.f Glowing appeals were now made and eager pur- chasers soon arrived. June 10, 1688, William Dock- wra, having induced large emigration from England and Scotland to New Jersey, received patents for 2000 acres in the valleys of the Millstone and Rari- tan, and for 3815 acres on the tributaries of the Mill- stone, to be subsequently located. Oldmixon, in his " History of the British Empire," says : " The western part of Middlesex County is watered by Millstone Eiver, which runs through a pleasant valley belonging to Mr. William Dockwra, of London." These lands were on both sides of the Millstone. In Hillsborough land was allotted to him southwest of Royce's great tract, corresponding roughly with the present Bloomingdale school district. About 1690, Capt. Clement Plumstead obtained a large grant on the west side of Millstone River, ex- tending from Peace Brook to Blackwell's Mills, and west a little beyond the road passing by the residence of Joseph Van Cleef. Thom'as Barker had the next plantation on the Millstone, extending from Black- well's Mills to the present southerly bound of the township, and west as far as Plumstead's land. In the same year Thomas Cooper purchased the large plot on the south side of the Raritan, containing 2000 acres; what is now called Beekman's Lane is the westerly bound of this plot. In 1692 the proprietors sold 640 acres to Daniel Hooper, extending down the Raritan half a mile and up the South Branch a mile, embracing the present village of Branchville. Arent Sonmans became possessed of five full shares of East Jersey, but these were not located in his life- time. His son Peter inherited his rights. In 1693 he became possessed of all the remainder of our present Hillsborough township not previously taken up, and the greater part of Montgomery. His line began near Clover Hill, and ran southeasterly along the county line 6^ miles to a point about 2 miles south- west of Blawenburg; thence east, and southeast to the Millstone River, near Rocky Hill, and thence down the river a mile and a half to the plantation of Benthall. Following near the western lines of Ben- thall. Hart, Barker, Plumstead, and Royce (leaving a considerable gore, however), it struck the Raritan, and, with the said river, wound around the planta- tions of Cooper, Hooper, and Bennett; it returned to the western county line near Clover Hill, the place of beginning. Thus, within eleven years after the proprietors came into power, aU the land of Hillsborough was taken up. It began to be permanently settled about 1690. This territory was not to be exempt from confusion of titles. The sales of John Royce are involved in considerable perplexity on account of conflicting grants and of Royce's dishonesty. Mr. Royce ob- tained a second patent, extending his plantation westward so as to encroach on Cooper and southward on Plumstead. He must also have encroached on Dockwra on the southwest. While he originally re- ceived about 5 square miles, in 1685, he now claimed about 8. In 1693 he mortgaged this large plot for one thousand years to Charles Winder for £206, with the privilege of redeeming it in three years.J This he never did, but still continued to dispose of the lands, and the executors of both parties claimed the same territory. If Royce should redeem the land of Winder by Oct. 25, 1696, then Winder's estate should cease in said tract, and the premises were to go to Peter Van Nest and Michael Dimockson. July 15, 1698, Dimockson granted Eoycefield — embracing about 8 square miles at the angle of the Raritan and Millstone— to Barnett R. Q. Miller for £300. It is described as beginning on the north side of a meadow heretofore belonging to John Robinson, and thence running south on the east side of Cooper's land, 8 miles, and thence in a straight line to the head of Peace Brook, and down Peace Brook to Millstone River, and down the Millstone and up the Raritan to the place of beginning. Graham's meadows are again excepted.? But, notwithstanding the above, we find Royce and Dockwra selling 2300 acres of land on Millstone River and Royce's Brook to John Covers, June 1, 1702. March 6, 1711, Covers sold the same tract, styled meadow-land, to William Post for £300. || June 10, 1702, Thomas Cooper, of London, by his attorneys, Richard Hartshorne and Richard Salter, sold to Peter Demunt, for £380, his tract of land on the Raritan, containing 2000 acres. 1[ On June 3, 1703, Royce sold to Andrew Coejeman,. of Albany, for £80, a tract of land on the south side of the Raritan, to be specifically known as Royce- field: " Beginning at a small maple-tree at the mouth of a small stream of water, in a gully by Edward Drinkwater's land ; thence running south 9i chains ; thence west 48 chains ; thence north 123 chains j thence north 3° west 23 chains to the said river; thence by the said river west 6 chains and 25 links ; thence south 3° east 23 chains; thence east 6 chains and 26^ links to a walnut-tree ; thence east by a meadow formerly sold by Boyce to Graham, and so to the flrst-mentioned maple-tree, containing 600 acres.** April 13, 1705, Royce sold a tract of land on the Millstone River to Derick Volkerse. In 1708, Royce died, and Nov. 22, 1709, his execu- tors, John Barron, John Harrison, and Mary Craw- ley, sold to Philip Hedman, according to Royce's will, a tract of land on the Raritan. It is described as. * Trenton, Lib. A, 251. t Ibid., 213, 214. X Ibid., Lib. E, 527-29. g Ibid., Lib. F, 663. I Early records at New Brunswick, 160. K Ibid., p. 171. ** Parchment deed at Amboy. 776 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. lying between Earitan River, John Van Dine's land, Ananias Allen's land, Royce's Brook, and Millstone River. Its value was £1350.* In 1712, Hedman sold the same tract to Michael Van Vechte and his asso- ciates, — viz., Dirck Volkerae, William Post, Ananias Allen, John Wortman, John Tunison, Cornelius Tu- nison, Uria Andriese, and Peter Van Nest. But this land, as well as the adjoining tract on the south of Royce Brook, was also claimed by the executors of Winder. This Dutch company, however, having come in some way into possession of £500 of Royce's estate, from which they had honestly purchased the tract, with this money leased the two tracts of Win- der's executors for the yet unexpired term of Win- der's lease, — viz., 979 years, — mutually binding one another to make up the £500 if Royce's heirs should ever recover it.f Thus were the titles of Van Vechte 6 Co. made perfect. In 1703, therefore, the Dutch came into Roycefield, and in 1712 into Royston, — a name now forgotten by the inhabitants of Harmony Plains.J June 10, 1710, Peter Sonmans sold out of his great tract what is called the Harlingen or 9000-acre tract. It was an irregularly-shaped plot, about two-thirds of it lying in Hillsborough and one-third of it in Mont- gomery township. The Dutch company who made this purchase consisted of Octavio Conraats, Abram Wendell, merchant, Adrian Hooglant, Isaac Gover- neur, all of the city of New York ; Anna Volkerse, widow, of Kings Co., L. I. ; Henry Hegeman, Francis Van Lewen, William Beekman, all of Queens Co., L. I ; Joseph Hegeman, Hendrick Veghte, Cornelius Van Duyn, Wouten Van Pelt, Ort Van Pelt, all of Kings Co., L. I. ; Dirck Volkerse, of New .lersey ; Peter Cortelyou, Jacob Van Dyke, Claas Volkerse, all of Kings Co., L. I. It was bounded as follows : " Beginning at the south (north ?) corner of land of William Plumetead, being 1}^ miles and 4 chains from Millstone River; thence south-south- west 2-)^ miles and 8 chains: thence west-northwest 1 mile and 18 chains; thence south-southwest 2% miles and 7 chains; thence west 3)^ miles and 3 chains to the partition line between East and "West Jersey ; thence north 14° west 30 cliains, along said division line ;^ thence north 53° east 7 miles and 20 chains; thence east, 1 mile and 17 chains to the place of beginning; having the lands of Plumstea^I, Barker, Hart, and Bcnthall on the east, the division line on the west, and lands of said Sonmans on the north and south." Peter Sonmans sold another tract of 320 acres, for £30, March 13, 1711, to Isaac De-Riemer, of New York. This plot was at the northeast corner of the Harlingen tract, and the deed is now in possession of Rynier Staats, son of John R. Staats. It was be- tween the lands of Royce on the northeast, Thomas Cooper on the northwest, and on the southeast were the lands of Veghte, Lawrence, Volkerse, and Cortel- you, of the Harlingen tract. This plot was subse- quently purchased by John Staats, previously of Mill- stone. He sold the property to his son ,Iohn in 1770. * Early records at New Brunswick, 174. t Ibid., 192. t Ibid. g This is on the top of Neshanic Mountain. The latter was the grandfather of the late John R. Staats, who lived on the place; it is now owned by Garret Cortelyou. The west part of it is now in pos- session of the Strykers.ll Feb. 28, 1742, Clement Plumstead gave his plot of 2000 acres to William Plumstead (a brother or son). At this time Plumstead's tract was still bounded by Barker's land on the south, and on the west by Cor- telyou's, Volkerse's, Lawrence's, and Veghte's (of the Harlingen tract), and on the north by Peace Brook, which separated Plumstead's land from that of Post and Powelson. About 1750, William Plumstead sold the land between the Amwell road and Peace Brook to Benjamin Thompson, and May 1, 1752, he sold 246 acres on the south side of the Amwell road, run- ning west 1 mile and 13 chains, and south about 25 chains, to Christian Van Doron for £740. Dec. 12, 1755, the latter sold the same to his son, John Van Doren, for £100. Lawrence Van Cleef had already bought to the south and west of the Van Doren tract, and Henry Van Derveer had purchased to the west of Thompson. About 1720-30, Hendrick Wilson, of Long Island, bought the southern part of Volkerse's tract, which lay north of the new Amwell road, and between the Millstone River and Royce Brook. In 1755, Hen- drick Wilson, Sr., sold to Hendrick Wilson, Jr., a tract of land containing 88| acres, having about 150 feet on the Millstone River, and running back about a mile and a half in a west-southwest direction.1[ This plot was bounded by Peter Stryker's land on the north (next to the river), by Wyndert Wilson's on the north (farther west), and by the land of Hendrick Wilson, Sr., on the west and south. The purchaser was to pay to the heirs of John Royce, yearly, upon the 25th of March, one halfpenny sterling for each acre, in- stead of all other rents, quit-rents, etc. Hendrick Wilson's will was written in 1750. In 1765 his estate was separated into nine lots, to be di- vided among his four sons — Myndert, John, Henry, and Peter — and his daughter Hannah. John Brokaw, Esq., made the map to show the division. Myndert received tlie place now owned by William French; Henry, part of that now owned by John Brokaw; John received land now owned by Albert Voorhees; while Peter received the farm now owned by Joseph V. S. Van Doren. The farm now owned by Isaac Brower passed, before 1771, into the hands of John Brokaw. He sold this place in 1771 to Abram Brokaw for £170. Henry Wilson sold his place in 1777 to Mrs. Sarah Yard, of Philadelphia. It consisted of 205 acres.** The following year Mrs. Yard deeded this place to her daughter Ann. ft She married Gen. Frederick Frelinghuysen (after the death of his fir^t wife, in 1794), and this place ultimately passed into the pos- II Lib. J (?), 398-400. 1[ Burlington re&jrds. Lib. II ^ ** Il)ld.,322. tt lijld., 330. @ fi ■it H W IMI g i S IP @ S) @ '' ^ J^5S^\^ /^' ,t>; f5^;L ^T4^^ J. bft ""-' 11-7 — iMaSuV^ SS"i >^~r'. LiArl Wy %^^0£oJ^ Joseph H. Van CLEEr is a grandson of Oornelius Van Cleof, whose father, Isaac, was the first settler of the Van Cleefs in Somerset Co., N. J., selecting his farm about one-half of a mile south of Millstone, where he reared a family of ten children, the youngest of whom. Van Marter, is living at Millstone, in 1880, in the eighty- ninth year of his age. Cornelius Van Cleof, born Jan. 21, 1777, on the old homestead, married, Feb. 17, 1799, Margaret Kershow, who bore him children as follows: Cornelius, born Sept. 16, 1799; Isaac, born Aug. 15, 1801; George, born July 2, 1804; Jane, wife of John D. Post, born Feb. 18, 1808; and Matilda, wife of Garret Hageman, born June 13, 1811. Cornelius Van Cleef purchased and settled on one hundred and fifty-six acres of land in 1812, in the town- ship of Hillsborough, the same being now owned and occupied by his grandson, the subject of this sketch. Here he lived the remainder of his days leading the quiet life of a farmer, although he was by trade a car- penter and joiner. . He belonged to the old Federal party, and was a member of the Whig party during its existence. He died July 10, 1855. His wife died April 20, 1856. George Van Cleef, father of our subject, succeeded to the old homestead. Married Achsah , daughter of Joseph and Fanny (Drake) Holcombe, of Lambertville, Sept. 24, 1834. She was born Oct. 26, 1807, and died Feb. 14, 1866. He died Dec. 4, 1865. He was a farmer through life, and a, man of strict integrity in all his business relations. He took no active part in politics, yet was a firm supporter of the Whig and Republican parties. He was known as an unobtrusive and upright Christian man, and was for some thirty j'ears a mem- ber of the Dutch Eeformed Church at Harlingen. Both he and his father before him represented their church in the Reformed Church Synod. His children arc Cornelius G., born May 16, 1836; Joseph Holcombe, born Jan. 25, 1838; Sophia Somers, wife of John Vreeland, of Mill- stone, born April 24, 1841 ; and George Spencer, born Feb. 8, 1845. Joseph H. received a good education during his minority, but choosing a business instead of a profes- sional life, he succeeded his father on the homestead purchased by his grandfather, and has since been en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. His commodious and elegantly constructed buildings, and all that pertains to the farm, show the hand of an intelligent, thrifty, and judicious farmer. Mr. Van Cleef is interested in all worthy local enterprises, and contributes liberally to their support. He is a member of the Dutch Reformed Church at Millstone, and has ofBciated as deacon. In this church he takes a leading part in the service of song, and has acted as leader of the choir for several years. In politics he is a Republican, and during the war was elected one of the township committee, which position he filled for seven consecutive years, doing efficient service. He has been chosen to fill other minor offices. He married, Sept. 18, 1861, Miss Mary Jane, daughter of Richard, and granddaughter of Jeremiah Field, of Pis- cataway, Middlesex Co., JST. J. The children born of this union are Mamie Cropsey and Emma Dey Van Cleef. Pbter N. Betekman was born in Hillsborough town- ship, Marcli 22, 1808. His great-grandfather, Gerardus, settled in Somerset County during its early history, and purchased a large tract of land where Griggstown is now located. Abraham, grandfather of our subject and son of Ge- rardus, was born at Griggstown about the year 1738. and there resided during his life, a farmer. His wife was Ann Voorhees, who died May 25, 1817, aged sixty- five years. He died Sept. 3, 1818. His children were G-erardus, John A., Kalph V., Abraham A., Jacob, Isaac, Ellen, and Catherine. Abraham A. Beekman, father of our subject, born Jan. 23, 1784, died Aug. 20, 1862. His wife was Ma- tilda, daughter of Peter L. Nevius. of Hillsborough, whom he married Nov. 4, 1806. She was born Sept. 5, 1789, and died Jan. 8, 1873. He was u, shoemaker by trade, and followed that business until 1815, when he purchased a farm of one hundred and thirty-two acres, about a mile south of Millstone, where his only son, Peter N. Beekman, now resides, the farm having been in pos- session of the family since its purchase. Here he resided the remainder of his life and carried on farming. He subsequently added fifty acres to his original purchase, making the number of acres one hundred and eighty- two. He was the first man in his township to use a lime fertilizer on his land, and was in every sense of the term a, representative farmer. In politics he was a Whig, and became a member of the Eepublican party upon its formation. For several years he was justice of the peace. He was a man of great energy and strong resolution, and possessed those qualities of integrity in all his business relations that make a good citizen. Peter N. Beekman received lim- ited opportunities for obtaining an education, but so im- proved them at the common school and under private instruction_as to obtain a good education for boys of iZ^^ his time. He has resided on the farm where he now is since its purchase by his father. For many years he followed surveying in his own and adjoining townships, beginning as early as 1822, and a noticeable fact in con- nection with this business is, that during his many years' experience he has settled and fixed the boundaries of many lines in dispute, and thus avoided litigation of the parties by his counsel and exact surveys and measure- ments. For nine years beginning with 1844 he was secretary of the Hillsborough Fire Insurance Company, and for some time was assistant engineer of the Millstone and New Brunswick Eailroad. He is a member of the Ee- publican party, and was formerly a Whig. He bus been interested in all local enterprises tending to the improve- ment of the township and' the prosperity of its people, and has always been especially interested in the educa- tion of the rising generation. Under the old law he was township superintendent of schools of Hillsborough for several years, and has acted on the township com- mittee. For very many years he has done conveyan- cing in the vicinity, and was commissioner of deeds for some ten years. During the last six years prior to 1880 Mr. Beekman has been an invalid and unable to attend to the usual duties of life, but his life has been one of activity and devoted to business pursuits. He is known as a man of correct habits and sterling integrity. For his first wife he married, Jan. 28, 1835, Ann Elizabeth, daughter of Col. Henry Duryoe, of Blawenburg, N. J., who died Jan. 2, 1837, having been born Aug. 6, 1812. His second wife, Rachel Ann, daughter of W^illiam Beardslee, of Bound Brook, but formerly of Sussex County, he mar- ried Jan. 27, 1841. She died May 22, 1867, having been born March 26, 1820. His children by this union are Matilda, widow of the late Ferdinand S. Wilson, a law- yer at Millstone, Fannie Maria, and Abram A. Beekman. HILLSBOROUGH. Tvr session of Dr. James B. Elmendorf, who married their daughter Elizabeth. The property on each side of Peace Brook had passed into the hands of Abram Duryea, of New York. In 1790 he sold it to Gen. Frederick Freling- huysen for £1500. It contained 29 acres, extending about a mile and a quarter west from the church lot, being bounded on the west by lands of Ezekiel Elli- son and Adrian Merrill, on the north by those of Er- nestus Van Harlingen, and touched a lot of Mershon on the northeast, and the lot of Dr. Van Buren on the southeast ; it did not extend to the river. Hon. Theo- dore Frelinghuysen inherited the portion of this farm lying south of Peace Brook about 1809, and sold it to Daniel Disborough in 1811 for $6462 ; it contained 161 acres. Frederick Frelinghuysen, a brother of Theodore, retained that part of the farm north of Peace Brook until 1820, when he died. It subse- quently passed into the possession of William Beards- lee, and is now owfled by Edward Baker, an English- man. John Harrison, who owned extensive plots in Frank- lin, at an early date became also the owner of a tract of land in the southeastern part of Hillsborough, pre- viously belonging to Thomas Barker. In 1714, Harri- son sold 215 acres to Cornelius Cornell, of Kings Co., L. I., for £641. This plot was bounded south by lands of Rip Van Dam, the noted lawyer of New York, west by those of Peter Sonmans, north by lands of Jacques Durys. In 1725, Cornelius Cornell sold this plot to William Cornell, having the same neigh- bors, except in the north, where Daniel Polhemus owned land. This is now in part the farm of Peter I. Nevius. Isaac Van Nuys, son of Jan, the ancestor of a now numerous family, came to Hillsborough, southwest of Somerville, where Abraham Voorhees now lives. His brother Jacobus lived where Joseph Davis now resides. Derrick Van Veghten resided on the banks of the Raritan, near what is now called the " old bridge." The American army was quartered on his land in the winter of 1778-79. He died Nov. 29, 1781, aged eighty-four. Henry Veghte,* who married the daughter of John Van Middlesworth, purchased a large tract of land in Eoycefield, afterwards owned and occupied by Capt. Jchn Wyckoff. He and his wife died young, leaving three children ; one son, Eynier, died in Feb- ruary, 1833, in his eightieth year, leaving two sons, —Henry (who was the father of R. H. Veghte, now living on the homestead farm, and also of Benjamin T., John, and Henry Veghte) and Eynier, who left one son, John V., who resides now on the farm where his father died in 1871, aged eighty-three. The following family histories are taken mostly * A Bon of Eynier, who was son of Hendrick, and grandson of the emi- grant who came in 1660 and settled on Long Island. 50 from Hon. Ealph Voorhees' papers, and give us a good idea of the original settlers. THE VAN CLEEF FAMILY. Jan Van Cleef was born in 1628. He married Engeltje Louwerens, daughter of Louwereus Preterse, prior to 1661, and settled at New Utrecht, L. I,, as early as 1659. His children, and years of their baptism, were: 1, Catharine, 1681 ; 2. Benjamin, 1683; 3. Joseph, 1083; 4. Angelica; 5. Ceytie, 1688; 6, Isbrant; 7. Nelke; 8. Cornelius, who married Fem- mei^e Van de Water. His children were John, of Giavesend, the ancestor of the Gravesend and New Utrecht Van Cleef families, and Laurens, who settled in New Jersey. The children of Benjamin (2) are as follows: 9. Lysbeth, who married William Cowenhoven ; 10. Joannes, who married (1) Maria Kroffert and (2) Sarah Cowenhoven ; 11. Derick, who died young; 12. Marike, married Jane Berkan; 13. Derick, married Elizabeth Leek; 14. Benjamin, mar- ried Helen Cowenhoven in 1741 ; 15. Nelke, who married Hendrick Vanderbilt; 16. Laurens, who died prior to 1780 (married Jannetje Laan); 17. Helena, who married John Brown ; 18. Joseph, who married Sytio Van Wickelen; 19. Elsie, who married William Bayrt (Bayard?); 20. Antje, who married Jan Wilson. The children of Laurens (16) are as follows : 21. Jacob, 1731 ; 22. Fem- metje, 1733; 23. Laurens, 1737 ; 24. Jannetje, 1739 ; 25. Isaac, born 1742, and married Dorcas Pumyea, 1769 (she was born April 13, 1749, and died March 28, 1812 ; he died June 30, 1804) ; 26. Jacob. The children of Isaac (25), with dates of birth and death, are as fol- lows: 27. Jane, Feb. 1, 1770, June 5,1851; 28. Mary, Oct. 4,1771, Feb. 11,1861; 29. Laurence, Feb. 2, 1773, Jan. 8, 1862; 30. Peter, Nov. 30, 1774, June 27, 1842 ; 31. Cornelius, Jan. 21, 1777, Jnly 10, 1856 ; 32. Jacob, May 27, 1779, Nov. 19, 18-17 ; 33. Isaac, Feb. 16, 1781, Feb. 2, 1863 ; 34. Abraham, July 3, 1786, March 7, 1870 ; 35. John, Nov. 22, 1786, Dec. 3, 1858 (married Jane Ann Duryea, of Millstone) ; 36. Margaret, March 30,. 1789, May 14, 1790 ; 37. Van Mater, May 21, 1792, still living, 1880. The children of John (35) are as follows : 38. Rev. Paul Duryea Van Cleef, D.D., of Jersey City (born July 31, 1821, and married (1) Catalina Onderdonk and (2) Amelia Leutot) ; 39. John V. N., of New Brunswick v 40. Isaac; 41. Whitney; 42. JaneD.; 43. Elizabeth; 44. Theodore F. The Van Cleefs are now very numerous in Somerset County. Those- in the vicinity of Millstone are mostly descended from Isaac (25). John Van Cleef, Sr., of Six.Mile Bun, married Grietje, widow of John Vleet, Jr., and had children who were baptized and married as follows t Rebecca, 1764, George Wyckoff, of Potterstown ; Maria, 1756, Capt. Simon Addis, Six-Mile Run ; Sarah, 1769, a^ " s NtTMBER AND NAME OF District. £ o 1 ^4i ■og li 3l 11 II 3S ■=.2 o a H 1^ o -5 O CO 39. Woodville $300.00 SUM 8500.00 1,600.00 61 80 10. 9.6 28 63 50. 40. HarDiony Plains 50 300.00 300 00 600.00 1,200.00 600.00 46 60 ^- 24 60 60 4-2, Liberty 40 43. Blooniingdale 300.00 48 10. 32 40 44. Millstone 400.00 1,000.00 91 9. 67 70 300 00 1 000 00 67 9. 54 40 386.00 300.00 800.00 800.00 66 48 9.6 9.5 62 37 40 47. Pleasant View 40 48. Mountain 300.00 350 00 200.00 1,600.00 84 62 9. 11. 37 67 40 60. Flaggtown Station. 70 1,183.08 300.00 26.00 500 00 in 47 9. 9 66 44 4U 53. Clover Hill 400.72 800.00 80 11.5 71 $5,633.84 810,925.00 941 9.6 681 670 But few of these schools can be traced back to their origin, except in cases where school districts have been divided within the memory of those yet living. The first school in Hillsborough was probably on the south side of the Raritan, situated on a little knoll on the roadside, on the line of the farms of Jacobus Quick and Peter Du Mont; it was abandoned as a school-house towards the close of the last century. It probably dates back to 1720 or 1780. William Parrish early taught in this school. About 1795 it was determined to build a house about a mile farther west, so as to accommodate the whole northwestern corner of the township. This would take in the present New Centre District, Flagg- town Station, the westerly portions of Woodville and Liberty, and the northern part of Bloomingdale. In that section, about 1790, there was a large number of children. The site chosen was a little strip of land between the road and the river, on the north end of John Van Middlesworth's farm. On the east was a small stream called Paw-ne-pack by the Indians. The building was about 24 feet square; a spacious fireplace was on one side. The structure was painted red, with white casings to the doors and windows. It was known as the Red School-House, and in later years as the Old Red School-House. Master John Warburton was the first teacher. He was English by birth, and was supposed to have been in the British army in the Revolution. He had also taught in the preceding school-house, and was well known and respected by all. He was now about sixty •years old, and, while kind in his government, was very decided. He believed in the efficacy of the birch. The " English Primer," Dilworth's spelling- book and arithmetic, and the Bible were the only books used ; Webster's spelling-book made but slow progress in that community. Master Warburton's HILLSBOROUGH. 78T great points were order and method. The writing- books of Ms scholars were patterns of neatness; every line was fixed by scale and dividers. Thus he made the children proud of themselves and of work. Mr. "Warburton did not "board 'round," as was usual with teachers in olden times, but he lived alto- gether in the school-house. Each employer supplied him with food for a week. On Sunday morning he would breakfast with the family who was to supply him for the coming week, and would carry his own basket of provisions that day. He slept in a little garret over his school-room. Late in life he left this school and taught for a while in another, near the old Earitan bridge. He finally bought a few acres on the Second Mountain, north of Somerville. Here he built a small house, and dug a cave which he sometimes used. Some old friends supplied his wants until he died. The Old Ked School-House stood until about 1830.* Peter G. Quick, of Millstone, now ninety-two years of age, attended in 1794-95, and was a pupil for three years under Master War- burton. The school districts of New Centre and Woodville finally took the place of this famous old school. Peter Stryker (afterwards Rev. Peter Stry- ker), in 1782, was school-teacher at or near Mill- stone, f Another school was at an early day located on the farm of Peter Wyckofi" (more recently Capt. John Wyckoff's). The school-house stood on the hill, close by the brook, and on the east side of the Am- well road. Mr. Gordon was a teacher here. This disappeared not far from the opening of the present century. About the same time Dr. Lawrence Van Derveer gave land for a school lot a little south of the small graveyard on his place, and this district was divided about 1837 into the present Eoycefield and Blooming- dale districts. With the cessation of the school on the Wyckoflf place, a school -building which had stood in the bed of the canal as it now runs, about 250 yards north of the East Millstone canal bridge, was removed to Millstone and located on the Amwell road west of the church, where Mr. HoflFman now lives; this was in 1807. James Ellison (residing where Peter Sutphen Van Doren now lives) was the teacher in this school. He was a carpenter by trade, but a man of considerable ability. Mr. Belcher suc- ceeded him. The school remained on this site until 1814, when Daniel Disborough gave for a school lot the plot, 38 by 130 feet, now occupied by the lecture- room. A two-story building, known as the academy, was here erected. The second story was used for prayer-meetings and religious lectures, and at first, for a time, for the smaller children in the day-school, while the lower story was occupied as the school- * See Governor Vroom's description of this school and teachers in Dr. Messler's county history, f See Corwin's " Manual," pp. 474, 476. room proper. Abram Montfort was the teacher, in the academy, in 1814 ; Mr. Wallbridge in 1821-28. In 1860, by an act of the Legislature of the State, this school district (No. 44) obtained permission to sell this lot, in order to locate the school on the hill, north of the town, its present position. The former school lot, in the rear of the church, was bought by certain trustees in behalf of the members of the church of Hillsborough living in said school district, to be used by them for educational and moral pur- poses.! William Lytle taught in the academy in 1832-33, and was succeeded by Mr. Kingsley, Stephen H. Rowan (afterwards lost at sea), James S. Taylor, and Mr. Pillsbury (married Matilda Nevius). The inhabitants of the northeastern part of Hills- borough at first sent their children to a school near the small graveyard at Weston. This continued for about a hundred years, until 1834, when the building was burned and the present Harmony Plains district formed. Weston was then, according to a State map of 1767, called Van Nest's. Until 1840 the present Cross-Eoads and Pleasant View districts were united. The school-house stood near where the railroad now crosses the farm of I. J. Stryker. ^ The school in the southeastern part of the township was originally north of Blackwell's Mills, where the brick stable now stands. It probably origi- nated about the time the mill was built, — 1746. In 1813 the location was changed to the southeast corner of Theodore Layton's farm. The school near the Neshanic church probably dates back to 1750. A new school-house was in 1856 erected in the Wood- ville district, on the northwest corner of land of Thomas F. Smith, at an expense of $688. At Eoycefield (old District No. 13), in 1836, a new house was erected on the land of John Van Zandt ; Brogun J. Brokaw, Peter Van Zandt, and William Wilson were the building committee. F. D. Brokaw, James J. Bergen, and John Van Zandt were the trus- tees. March 28, 1837, the new house was called "The Liberty School-House." Albert Hulce was the first teacher. New Centre district in 1856 built a new school- house on land of Cornelius Peterson, at an expense of about $600. In 1829 the township embraced twelve school dis- tricts. § In 1830 the school committee|| divided these) into eleven, and in 1838 into fifteen. There were some subsequent changes, but in 1871, a county school superintendent having been appointed, the numbers I " Millstone Centennial," 44. § The twelve districts emhraced thirteen schools and 332 scholars. n The first school committee of Hillsborough township (1829) was com- posed of James Elmendorf, Peter P. Vroom, and Jacob B. Schencln ; the last (1846), Dr. James B. Elmendorf, Gilbert B. Taylor, and Dr. C. a Hoagland, the latter becoming the first township superintendent of schools in the following year; he remained six years. Peter N. Beok- man served In 1861-62 ; John L. Bellis in 1856-60, and 1861-63 ; William R. Smith in 1867-60 and 1804-66, when, the office of county superinten- dent being established, they were no longer appointed. 788 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. of the districts ia the township were changed to a general system including the whole county. CLASSICAL SCHOOLS IN HILLSBOEOUGH. Queens College, about 1780, on account of the dangers of the Eevolution, was temporarily located at Millstone, and Dominie Van Harlingen, about the opening of the century, was accustomed to teach the classics to those desiring to prepare for college. Abram G. Voorhees subsequently taught a Latin class at the house of Dominie Zabriskie, and the dom- inie himself at times heard recitations. In 1826-27, Mr. Zabriskie had a class studying Latin with him ; it consisted of James Van Derveer (afterwards M.D. at North Branch), Peter D. McKissack (afterwards M.D. at Millstone), Outhout Van Harlingen, J. V. D. Hoagland, John B. Staats, John A. Staats (after- wards Eev.), and John Broach. Rev. John Cornell conducted a classical school at Millstone from 1828 to 1835. He lived on the Fre- linghuysen place, now occupied by Edward Baker. This school was continued by Mr. Addis, Joseph P. Bradley (now one of the justices of the United States Supreme Court), and William I. Thompson. A clas- sical school was also kept by Rev. P. D. Oakey, at Neshanic Station, from 1870 to 1876. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. Hillsborough township has long been famed for its religious privileges. The Dutch Church has indeed had the field almost exclusively. The inhabitants of the northern part of the township have always sought their spiritual instruction at Somerville or Raritan ; a few have gone to Bound Brook. In early times, the people of the southern and eastern parts went to Six-Mile Run or Three-Mile Run, in Franklin. There are now four Reformed (Dutch) Churches in the town- ship, — viz., Neshanic, Hillsborough (or Millstone), Clover Hill, and Branchville. There was a Presby- terian Church at Millstone from about 1759 to 1800. The Dutch Church at Clover Hill became Presbyterian in 1840, and so remained until 1862, when it returned to the Dutch body. There is also a Presbyterian mis- sion church on the top of Neshanic Mountain, sup- ported by the neighboring Dutch and Presbyterian , Churches on either side ; also one small Methodist Chiurch at Rock Mill. A Roman Catholic Church exists in East Millstone. In the records of the Lutheran Church near Sauger- ties, N. Y., we find that Daniel Falckner, a Lutheran minister who itinerated considerably among the Ger- man settlements, signed himself, in 1724, " Pastor at Millstone and in the mountains near the River Raritan." There may have been a few Germans in the township to whom he ministered ; those on the Raritan were probably in Hunterdon County. PRESBTTEKIAN CHUKCHES. Millstone.— Oct. 30, 1759, the Presbytery of New Brunswick, assembled at Basking Ridge, received a petition fi-om the people of Millstone asking permis- sion to enjoy one-fourth of the services of Eev. Israel Reed, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Bound Brook, which request was granted. He continued to preach in Millstone about ten years. The Presby- terians and the Dutch united and built a church on land given by a Mr. Ten Eyck, opposite the present residence of Frederick V. L. Disborough. It is known that some of the Smiths from about Weston and Mr. Thompson, who owned land along the Amwell road, were active in this church. The Dutch also used the same building, and had supplies about once a month, until the Dutch Church was organized, in 1766. After the arrangement with Mr. Reed was ended, the Pres- byterians are known to have had the following sup- plies : Oct. 9, 1770, a licentiate, William Schenck ;* April 10, 1771, Rev. Samuel Kennedy, of Basking Ridge; second Sabbath of May, 1772, a Mr. Van Arsdale; second Sabbath in November, 1772, Rev. Thomas Smith, of Cranberry. Mr. Van Arsdale again supplied once or oftener in 1773. In 1775 this church united with the Presbyterian Church of Kingston in calling a pastor, but without success. April 23, 1776, they petitioned the Presbytery for a minister to assist Mr. Elmer to administer the Lord's Supper and to ordain elders, and Rev. Mr. Kennedy, of Basking Ridge, was appointed. This Mr. Elmer is the Eev. Jonathan Elmer, who was the first of this family in New Jersey. From 1757 to 1793 he was a supply at New Providence, officiating occasionally in this church, and died in 1807. During the Eevolution the building was maltreated by the British. The following extract from the vol- ume (No. 172) at Trenton containing the affidavits of parties who suffered from the depredations of the enemy will be interesting : *' Inventory of the damage to the Presbyterian English meeting-houBe by the British army and their adherents in December, 1776, and June, 1777, delivered by Jonathan Smith, one of the elders, at Millstone, in Hillsborough. " The damage done to said meeting-house is valued at £80. "The said Jonathan Smith, being sworn according to law, depoaeth and saith that the said meeting-house was in good repair, as it usually was, when the British army came first to Millstone; and after the British left Millstone, in June, 1777, the said meeting-house was much destroyed; and he found some of the doors, and some part of the windows, shutters, and part of the breast-work of the gallery in the British encampment; and that he never received any pay or satisfaction for the same. "Sworn before NATnA*L AYEE8. " Oct. 22, 1782." There was some correspondence between the Classis of New Brunswick and the Presbytery of New Bruns- wick concerning their respective rights to this terri- tory. The growth of the Dutch Church, the popula- tion of that nationality being vastly in the majority, caused the Presbyterian Church to dwindle, and prob- ably with the conclusion of Mr. Elmer's ministry it§ doors were closed. The building, becoming unsafe, was taken down about 1809. The land was sold and the proceeds distributed among the heirs of the orig- * See " Manual Beformed Church," p. 663. HILLSBOROUaH. 789 inal donor. A small graveyard around the building lias long since disappeared. Clover Bill. — ^The Reformed Dutch Church of this place resolved itself into a Presbyterian Church in 1840. It was served by the same ministers who offici- ated at Eeaville, Hunterdon Co., as follows: Eev. David Hull, 1840 to April 16, 1844; Eev. Benjamin Carroll, Nov. 26, 1844, to April 11, 1859 ; Rev. George P. Van Wyck, Jan. 31, 1860, to Oct. 22, 1862. In 1862 it returned to its former relation with the Classis of Philadelphia (Reformed Dutch), and its history may be found on subsequent pages of this work. KEFOEMBD (DUTCH) CHTIECHBS. Neshanio. — ^This church was formed Aug. 25, 1752, by Bernardus Verbryck and wife, Abraham Dubois, Sr., Abraham Dubois, .Jr., Albert Low and wife, Wil- liam Low, John Dumont and wife, and John Mont- fort and wife, eleven persons dismissed by the North Branch Church for the purpose of forming a new con- gregation. Bernardus Verbryck and Abraham Du- bois were chosen elders, and Johannes De Mott and William Low deacons. The record which gives us the date of the organization of the Neshanic Church and the members of the first Consistory is in the handwriting of Dominie Johannes Frelinghuysen. On the 11th of October succeeding it is recorded that the site for the church was determined to be on the Amwell road, between the residences of Lawrence and John De Mott, on the knoll on the north side of said road. The next record is dated May 21, 1757, and refers to the election of a Consistory under the direction of Eev. John Leydt, of New Brunswick, at the house of Andreas Ten Eyck. John De Mott was chosen elder, and John Montfort deacon ; and then it recites that they were ordained on the 13th January succeeding, in the church at North Branch, by Dom- inie Eomeyn. The register of baptisms commences May 23, 1760, with the names of Jan and Sarah Wycoff presenting a daughter, Neeltjie, and Jacobus and Elizabeth Hegeman, a son, Pieter, and Daniel and Catlyntie Hunt, a daughter, Catlyntie,— all on the same day. This register is complete, and has been continued until the present time. We gather from its earlier years some names which it may be of interest to pre- serve as belonging to the congregation in its begin- nings: John Huff, George Bergen, More Beyaert, John Cox, Bernardus Van Zant, Thomas Hall, Peter Petersen, Hendrick Dilts, Dominicus Stryker, John Van Nest, Abraham Voorhees, Tennis Cornell, Hen- drick Jansen, Heugh Higse, Dominicus Van Dyke, Joris Brocaw, and Hendrick Pippenger. Aug. 28, 1758, Eem Vanderbeek was appointed elder, and Lawrence De Mott deacon, and July 29, 1759, Bernardus Verbryck was ordained as elder in the room of Johannes De Mott, whose term of ser- vice had expired. Neshanic united with the other congregations in Somerset County in calling the Eev. Jacob Eutsen Hardenburgh as their pastor. They had all been vacant since John Frelinghuysen'a death, in 1754. In 1762, Neshanic withdrew from its connection with the other four churches and formed a union with Harlingen, or Sourland, as then called, to obtain the services of Eev. Johannes Martinus Van Harlingen. This proved to be a lasting connection, and continued until it was dissolved, in 1795, by Mr. Van Harlin- gen's death. In 1780, in order to obtain more preach- ing, however, Neshanic united with Millstone in ob- taining a part of the services of Solomon Froeligh, and this connection continued until 1786. Then, feeling the necessity of having preaching in the Eng- lish language for the benefit of the junior members of the congregation, they called, in conjunction with Har- lingen, the Rev. William E. Smith. He was to preach two Sabbaths at Neshanic, and one at Harlingen. He was thus more entirely identified with the people of Neshanic than with those of Harlingen. He also made his residence in the bounds of the congregation, living on a parsonage farm, less than two miles east of the church. His long ministry ended only with his death, in 1820. Eev. Henry Polhemus was called as a colleague of Mr. Smith in 1798. He continued until 1809, when Eev. Peter Labagh was called to Harlingen, and be- came also colleague of Mr. Smith. He continued to serve Neshanic until 1821, when he took charge of Harlingen alone. Neshanic had been united with other churches in the support of a minister for sixty- eight years, when a call was given to the candidate Gabriel Ludlow, which was accepted. He was or- dained and installed by the Classis of Philadelphia, Sept. 5, 1821, and continued pastor for the remarka- bly long period of fifty-seven years. He died in 1878. During his active ministry 400 made a profession of faith. He solemnized 500 marriages in the same period, and baptized 910 infants. Eev. John Hart was called as a colleague of Dr. Ludlow in 1875. He continues the faithful and en- ergetic pastor of this church, which now numbers 170 families and nearly 300 members. It has four Sab- bath-schools, with 235 children in them. Millsborough.— When the Dutch and English peo- ple united in building the small Presbyterian church in Millstone, the pastors of the neighboring Dutch churches supplied them about once a month. These were Rev. John Leydt, who lived at Three-Mile Run, Rev. Jacob E. Hardenburgh, at Somerville, and Eev. John M. Van Harlingen, pastor at Neshanic and Harlingen. This arrangement of supplies continued from 1760 to 1774. In the mean time, owing, proba- bly, to some difficulties about the use of the Presby- terian building, the Dutch being also vastly in the majority, they organized a church and erected a building for themselves. July 26, 1766, seventy heads of families, being members of the congregations of the Earitan, New 790 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Brunswick, Six-Mile Eun, and Over-the-Millstone (now Harlingen) Cliurches, addressed a petition to the ministers and elders of the same, expressing their desire to be established as a new congregation. Aug. 11, 1766, the church was organized at the house of Peter Schenck (at what is now called Blackwell's Mills), under the name of "New Millstone." They elected Joseph Cornell and Peter Schenck elders, and Johannes Hoagland and Abram Van Buren, M.D., deacons. Thus the church of Millstone was the first regularly-constituted organization in the county. The three neighboring ministers, by an arrange- ment entered into with their congregations, each preached at New Millstone four times a year, giving them conjointly a service once a month. Thus mat- ters stood for eight years. A subscription was begun in December, 1766, which received seventy-eight names, and an aggregate amount of £446. Subscriptions were also solicited for help in New York and on Long Island, and £104 10s. llrf. were thus received for the original building of the church. John Van Doren gave land to the church imme- diately north of the present parsonage lot, on what is now the garden of Dr. Fred. Blackwell. But John Smock, who owned the plot where the church now stands, being willing to exchange with the Consistory, they gladly accepted of the proposal on account of the superiority of the site, and hence the deed for the ground stands in the name of John Smock, dated Jan. 7, 1767, to certain trustees in behalf of the con- gregation. The land, less than an acre, was valued at £10. This plot was subsequently increased by three different purchases, which together constitute the present churchyard. This first house of worship was probably completed within a year and a quarter from the organization of the church. Its breadth, like that of many of the old churches, was greater than its depth. It contained in all sixty-six pews, two being reserved by the pulpit for the Consistory, one by the west wall (the wall pews faced the congregation) for the justice, and two tiers or eight pews in the back of the church were free. A stairway ran up in the southwest corner to the belfry. The church contained three aisles, and two large pillars arose in the midst of either block of pews to support the roof. This building, though oon- siderably damaged by fire in the Revolution, and having undergone a couple of thorough repairings, stood for sixty years. The baptismal register of the church begins April 3, 1767, when Eva, daughter of Dr. Van Buren, one of the deacons, was baptized, and baptisms occurred afterwards every few months, showing regular ser- vices. But only fifteen formed the original member- ship of the church, including officers, and ten were added by profession and two by certificate during the period that they remained without a pastor. In the summer of 1774 they bought a parsonage farm, containing about 53 acres, for £348. Four and a half acres additional were added the next spring. It is the place now occupied by Joseph V. S. Van Doren. The house was at once repaired, Henry Wil- son, Peter Stryker, Sr., John Stryker, Henry Pro- basco, and Lawrence Van Cleef being the building committee, and when ready for use the Consistory found themselves indebted £393. In the fall of 1774 the Consistory renewed their invitation to Mr. Foering, and he accepted in the early part of October, 1774, and moved the following month. He states in a letter that the Low Dutch language was rapidly passing away in Millstone, and that he was called to preach altogether in English. During the first eighteen months of his ministry, which brings us down to the Declaration of Independence, eighteen persons united with the church on pro- fession of their faith; during the next three years, down to his death, not a single one. The excite- ment, the party strife, and the frequent proximity of the armies seriously interfered with even the religious services. On April 5, 1775, the church was incorporated by a royal charter. The title was changed from "New Mill- stone" to " Hillsborough," the name of the township. This was done to distinguish it from the present church at Harlingen, which had generally been called Mill- stone previously. Trustees had held the property for the church, but with the charter all the deeds were rewritten in the name of the Consistory. This was the last charter granted to a Dutch Church by the English government, and about the last that George III. granted to any American institution. It was in the "fifteenth year" of his reign, — 1775.* During the Revolution the church and parsonage were very much injured,t the damage being invoiced at £250 16s. 6d. In the fall of 1778, after the battle of Freehold, Washington took up his winter quarters again at Mid- dlebrook. About this time Mr. Foering preached a very patriotic sermon, which led to the formation of a company from 'his congregation. The British sent out a party to capture him, so as to prevent his efforts among his people. But, although sick in bed at the time, by his wife's help he started for a place of safety, probably to Washington's camp, and his wife returned into the house to her three children, the oldest but eight years of age. " In a very short time the enemy came up, and in their angry search for one whom with oaths they stigmatized as 'that rebel Foering' thrust their swords through every bed in the house." Mr. Foering, leaving home sick and subjected to exposure in his flight, took a heavy cold, * Recorded in Liber AB., of commissions and charters, pp. 182-85, iu secretary's office, Perth Amboy. f See narrative of Sergt. Grant, of the British army, quoted in " Col. Hist, of N. Y.," viii. pp. 728-30, and also the " Inventory of Damages done to the Dutch Presbyterian Church and Parsonage, Millstone, by the Brit- ish Army, in December, 1776, and June, 1777, Delivered by Iluudrick Probasco and Peter Ditmarse, a Committee appointed by said Congrega- tion," recorded in vol. clxxii., State-House, Trenton. HILLSBOKOUGH. 791 from which consumption resulted, and March 29, 1779, the first pastor of this church breathed his last. His body was deposited under the church, in front of the sacred desk whence had issued the kindred lessons of religion and liberty, and his dust yet reposes be- neath the second edifice. The congregation knew not where to look for an- other minister in those troublous times, and were re- duced to their former dependence upon the neighbor- ing churches, when unexpectedly a refugee preacher, Solomon Froeligh, arrived in their midst. He appeared in Millstone in the spring of 1780, one year after Mr. Foering's death, and the Consistory at once secured his services. They offered to give him as salary 268 bushels of wheat a year, each bushel to weigh 60 pounds. The Neshanic Church desiring to secure a part of Mr. Froeligh's services, articles of agreement were entered into, and Mr. Froeligh's call, as finally ap- proved, stands in the name of the two churches, and is dated Sept. 4, 1780. He was to preach two Sun- days out of three at Millstone and one at Neshanic, and was to alternate between the Dutch and English. In 1784, by mutual consent, his salary was changed to £120 proclamation money, of which Neshanic paid £40 and Millstone £80 a year. The war now being over, and no further dangers being apprehended, the Consistory felt the necessity of efiectually repairing the church, but had suffered so much from the raids and depredations of the enemy that they were really unable to go to the necessary expense. They therefore appointed a com- mittee, consisting of Mr. Froeligh, Capt. Cornelius Lott, and Peter Ditmarse, to visit Long Island' and solicit help, as the congregations there had suffered very little, they having been in the British lines throughout the war. They secured thus, on Long Island, the sum of £85, and the church was repaired and rendered again comfortable. In 1786, Dominie Froeligh left this church, and with his departure the union between Neshanic and Millstone ended. The Six-Mile Run and Millstone Churches then entered into an agreement to call a min- ister together, and invited John M. Van Harlingen, the son of Ernestus Van Harlingen, and nephew of the old pastor of the same name at Sourland. He was ordained during the summer. His own father was one of his elders. He labored in these churches about eight years. It was during his ministry that the title and incorporation of the church were finally fixed. In 1784 they took measures to have their old English charter confirmed by the General Assembly of the State of New Jersey and all their former legal acts jatified, and in 1790 repudiated their old charter, that they might incorporate according to the new law of 1789. In 1790, therefore, the Consistory became in- corporated under the laws of the United States and the State of New Jersey, by the name of the new corporation of " The Minister, Elders, and Deacons of the Congregation of Hillsborough." Each of the churches had a parsonage, and in reference to this they agreed that Mr. Van Harlingen should live in the parsonage at Millstone, on the hill, that Six-Mile Run should sell theirs, and that half the money they received should be paid to Millstone, which was accordingly done. Mr. Van Harlingen, for reasons not stated, resigned in the summer of 1795, but continued to live in this village. He died June 16, 1813, in the fifty-second year of his age. His remains lie in the adjacent churchyard. The next pastor was James Spencer Cannon. Six- Mile Run again united with Millstone in the call ; he was ordained and installed at Millstone, May 1, 1797, but resided at Six-Mile Run. The old church in this year again received a thorough repairing, and the seats were taxed to defray the expenses. Four years later the music of a church-bell first resounded over these fields. Mr. Cannon, early in 1807, after ten years of labor, resigned his call to Millstone, and the ecclesiastical relation with Six-Mile Run was at the same time dissolved, the latter church calling Mr. Cannon alone. He has left a list of the actual num- ber of communicants for the year 1801, whence it ap- pears that this church then had seventy members. But another list in his own hand in 1806 reports only fifty-five. Rev. John Schureman became the fifth pastor. He was called on April 20, 1807, from the church of Beil- minster, and began his duties here soon after. The Consistory having no parsonage, having sold out their interest in their last property to Six-Mile Run Church, Mr. Schureman lived on the place now occupied by Mr. Jacob Van Cleve, near Blackwell's Mills. In the fall of 1809 (November 17th) the Consistory agreed to his request to dissolve their relations, he having accepted a call to the Collegiate Church, in New York. The Rev. John L. Zabriskie preached at Millstone for the first time in February, 1810, and took charge of the church, moving his family into the village in May, 1811. He was installed by Dr. Cannon, and re- mained with the church as one of her most faithful pastors until he died, Aug. 15, 1850, — thirty-nine years and three months. Shortly after Mr. Zabriskie's settlement here, early in 1812, the Consistory again provided a parsonage property for themselves, on the plot now occupied by Dr. Fred. Blackwell, bought from Dan. Disborough, at a cost of $2232. But this place was occupied only three or four years, when Mr. Zabriskie purchased a property of his own on the hill, where he resided till his death. The Consistory sold their parsonage to Dr. Wm. McKissack. During the first eighteen years of Mr. Zabriskie's ministry here he preached in the old church, but it had long been felt that the building was too small for the growing congregation, and repeated efforts had been 192 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. made to remedy tlie evil. Therefore, in 1827, a new church edifice was erected, in size 70 by 55 feet. The building committee was Stephen Garretson, Dan. H. Disborough, and Ab. Beekman. They contracted with Joachim G. Quicls: for $5000, including the old church material. Extra expenses accrued, amount- ing to $317. The corner-stone was laid June 8, 1828 ; the church was dedicated on Christmas Sabbath, 1828. The following Thursday the pews were sold, and $7689 were realized, leaving a considerable surplus in the hands of Consistory. The church was at this time partly surrounded by a grove of towering Lom- bardy poplars. Mr. Zabriskie's ministry was very successful. There was one remarkable revival, at which he received 108 on profession at a single communion. He received nearly 500 on profession and 162 by certificate during his ministry. His last report to Classis, in the spring of 1850, makes the church-membership to be then 291, and 176 families. The congregation was indeed built up to great strength in numbers during his long pastorate here. The membership had nearly trebled. Father Zabriskie died Aug. 15, 1850, at the age of seventy-one. His dust lies in the adjoining church- yard, where his memorial monument reminds the passer-by of the venerable "Minister of God" of more than half a century's service. Dr. Messier says of him, — ■ " He was one of the moat laborious and successful pastors in Somerset County. He preached and lectured more, visited more families, and attended more carefully to all his public duties than almost any other minister of his time. He was considered by all an example not only, but a mtmitor in his ofBcial life." In the spring of 1850, Eev. John De Witt was called, and installed August 20th. The following year the Consistory provided the present parsonage property, consisting of a little more than three acres of land, which they bought of John Van Doren for $755. They immediately built the pleasant and substantial house which now adorns the plot, using for this purpose certain legacies which had been left by members for the support of the gospel at Millstone. During Dr. De Witt's ministry here the church building, having reached more than a quarter of a century of age, was thoroughly repaired, the pews and pulpit modified to their present neat and beauti- flil appearance, and the walls frescoed. He received during his ministry here 201 on profession of faith, and 79 by certificate. Dr. De Witt's last report made the church to contain 299 members in full commu- nion. His connection with this church ceased on Sept. 1, 1863. But a short vacancy ensued. A call was then made on Rev. Edward T. Corwin, of Paramus, N. J. This was accepted, and he was installed Dec. 29, 1863, and is the present pastor.* Aug. 11, 1866, this church celebrated its centennial * See biographical notice at close of this township history. anniversary. A vast concourse of people assembled. The pastor delivered a historical discourse, which was shortly after published. In 1878, fifty years having passed since the erection of the present church edifice, the congregation celebrated the event as a jubilee. In 1870 a revival added 50 to the church at a single communion. In 1876, 72 were added at one time on profession of their faith. In all, 410 have united with the church under the present pastor, — about one- third by certificate. More than 1500 members have been connected with this church since its organiza- tion. It now reports 150 families and 347 communi- cants. About 200 children are in the Sabbath-schools. Clover Sill. — This church was organized on Sept. 4, 1834, on which occasion Rev. Samuel A. Bumstead, of Manayunk, Pa., preached and ordained a Consis- tory composed of Henry Van Derveer and Peter 0. Schenck as elders, and John W. Bellis and Jacob Nevius as deacons. A church edifice had been al- ready built, and was dedicated a month later, Octo- ber 5th. Rev. Dr. Cannon, professor in the seminary, preached on that occasion. Rev. Garret C. Schenck was called as the first pas- tor. He settled in 1835, and remained only two years. He was born at Mattawan, N. J., Sept. 14, 1806, was graduated from Rutgers College in 1828, and from the New Brunswick Seminary in 1832. He was pre- viously settled at Walpack, and subsequently at Pompton Plains. He is now living at Marlboro',. N.J. Rev. William Demarest succeeded him in 1838, and remained two years.f The church of Clover Hill now became Presbyterian, and continued so for twenty-two years.t In 1862 it returned to the Dutch denomination, and in 1863 called Rev. William B.. Voorhees. He was born at Readington, N. J., in 1835, was graduated at Rutgers College in 1860, andi from the New Brunswick Seminary in 1863. He con- tinued pastor at Clover Hill till 1871, when he ac- cepted a call at Blawenburg. He was succeeded in 1871, by Rev. Matthew N. Oliver, who was graduated, at Union College in 1857, and from the New Bruns- wick Seminary in 1871, and is the present pastor.. The church now reports 75 families and 148 members,, with 75 children in the Sabbath-school. Branchville. — This church was formed out of fami- lies from the churches of Readington and Neshanic, with a few from those in Somerville. It grew out of the necessity of public worship in this growing vil- lage, and was organized May 2, 1850, by a committee from the Classis of Raritan, consisting of Dr. Mes- sier, Eev. J. E. Campbell, Rev. Goyn Talmage, and G_. J. Van Neste. The first Consistory were John Van Dyke, Cornelius Bergen, Garret Beekman, and Henry P. Stryker, elders, and Lucas H. Hoagland, Gilbert. t For a sketch of him see Ref. Ch, of Bound Brook. X See Presbyterian churches. HILLSBOKOUGH. 793 S. Amerman, John Vosseller, and Jolin Veghte, deacons. Preparations to erect a suitable house of worship were immediately begun, and the corner-stone was laid amid a large concourse of people. Addresses were delivered by Eev. Messrs. Chambers, Campbell, Talmage, and Messier. The church was dedicated in 1850, after a sermon by Eev. Dr. Messier, and on the next day the candidate, Henry Dater, was ordained and installed as pastor. He remained at Branchville from 1850 to 1853, when he removed to Hyde Park, N. Y. He was succeeded in 1854 by Eev. William Pitcher, who continued for twenty-five years, when he resigned, from ill health. Rev. William E. Davis was then called, was installed at Branchville in 1880, and is the present pastor. There is also a small Methodist Church at Eock Mills which has been in existence for nearly forty years, but the particulars of its history have not been obtained. Near by, and at the very southwestern corner of the township, there is an African Methodist Church which has existed for ten or fifteen years. THE MOUNTAIN MISSION* is an enterprise of recent origin, having for its ob- ject the evangelization of the districts of Sourland Mountain hitherto unreached by religious organiza- tions. These neglected portions were more or less bordered by Eeformed and Presbyterian Churches, which felt reproached at the long-continued destitu- tion prevailing in such close proximity to them. They therefore formed an association for the support of a mountain mission. The following delegates con- vened near the close of the autumn of 1876 in the Reformed church of Neshanic for the purpose of con- summating the association: Rev. George S. Mott, D.D. (appointed chairman) and Elder S. B. Stothoflf, of the Presbyterian Church of Flemington; Rev. John Gardner and Elder D. Stryker, of the Reformed Church of Harlingen ; Rev. Charles S. Converse and Elder John W. Bellis, of the Presbyterian Church at Larison Comers ; Rev. John Hart and Elder Peter P. Dilts, of the Reformed Church of Neshanic ; Rev. W. B. Voorhees and Elder P. I. Stryker, from the Reformed Church of Blawenburg ; Rev. M. N. Oli- ver and Elder Levi Reed, from the Eeformed Church of Clover Hill ; Rev. J. S. Beekman (who acted as clerk) and Elder Abram J. Prall, from the Presby- terian Church at Reaville; Elder Burniston, from the Reformed Church of South Branch; Eev. John Smock, from the Eeformed Church of Eeadington ; Rev. Herman C. Berg, from the Eeformed Church of Rocky Hill ; Rev. J. H. Hewit, from the Presbyterian Church at Ringos. The association, thus formed, proceeded at once to the execution of its mission. A chapel was erected at a suitable place on the mountain, and a missionary em- ployed to conduct religious services, organize Sabbath- schools, visit families, pray with the sick, bury the dead, and labor for souls. The following is excerpted from the report of the missionary for the year 1879, made to the association at their annual meeting : " Kegular religioua services have been held in chapel tvrice a Sabbath during the year ; attendance good; ten have been received into the mem- bership of the church on confession ; baptized sixteen, of whom iive vrere adults ; have officiated at three funerals and six marriages. The mem- bership of the church is 34. About 40 children are enrolled in the Sab- bath-school, the regular attendance of which is about 30. Two of the Sabbath-school scholars have united with the church; the remaining eight, who became church-members, were heads of families. In family visitation, am well received. There are between 30 and 40 families that make the chapel their religious home. There are about 200 families on both sides of the mountain." The following churches have contributed for the benefit of the mission the past year : the Eeformed Churches of Neshanic, Blawenburg, Clover Hill, Sec- ond Somerville, Millstone, East Millstone, Harlingen, South Branch, and the Presbyterian Churches of Ein- gos, Larison, Flemington, Mount Airy, Lambertville, and Eeaville. Personal contributions have also been made by Paul Tulane, of Princeton, Hon. F. T: Frelinghuysen, of Newark, Mr. Caleb S. Green, of Trenton, Mr. Harvey Fisk, of New York, and Mr. Henry H. Palmer, of New Brunswick. The missionary in the employ of the association is Eev. F. A. Farrow. The officers are Eev. John Gard- ner, President; Eev. M. N. Oliver, Secretary; John- B. Hopewell, Treasurer. The executive committee consists of the following ministers : Voorhees, Con- : verse. Hart, Oliver, and Dr. Mott, with an elder from each of their churches. Hillsborough township has also been the birth- place of not a few clergymen. The following is a list of them : John M. Van Harlingen, John Van Liew, Isaac N. Wyckoff, Heniy V, WyckofF, Garret I. Garretson, Jacob T. B. Beekman, Peter. J. Quick, John J. Quick, N. Du Bois Williamson, John A. Staata, Paul Duryea Van Cleef, Elbert S. Porter, James B, Bernart, George J. Van Neste, James B. Wil- son, Peter Q. Wilson, Frederick F. Wilson, John Van Neste Schenck, John Garretson, Cornelius P., DitmaTS, Bergen Broliaw Staats, Charles W. Higgins.t CEMETERIES. Only one Indian burial-ground can now be identi- fied in Hillsborough. It is on the south side of the Earitan, opposite the house of Hageman Garretson. Almost all the old families at first had burial-plots of their own, or sometimes several would combine, as was the case with the Harlingen company who settled in 1710. The church land given by Peter Sonmans, where the first Harlingen church stood, was also used as a cemetery, and is probably the oldest in the town- ship. It is just on the border of Hillsborough, near Van Aken Station, on the Philadelphia Eailroad. A graveyard exists also by the Millstone church, and no doubt began to be used with the building of the first church, in 1766. The oldest stone that can now be found dates back to 1774, and commemorates a Peter * By Eev. M. N. Oliver, of Clover Hill. f For farther particulars see Corwin's " Manual," third ed., 1879. 61 T94 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Stryker, who died Dec. 18, 1774, in the seventieth year of his age. Several of the Frelinghuysena are buried here, but there is a Frelinghuysen yard about two miles north of Millstone, near Weston, sur- rounded by a brick wall. Here lie the remains of Gen. Frederick Frelinghuysen, who died in 1804. There are two cemeteries on the banks of the Rari- tan, near the beginning of the South Branch, re- spectively on the places of Vredenberg and Strykur. A graveyard also exists on the Amwell road, a little west of Flaggtown. A Staats graveyard exists on the farm of Peter P. Staats, and near by another, belong- ing to the Ditmars family, on the farm of Pinter S. Ditmars. There is an old yard near Blaokwell's, on the farm of James Henry Hageman, and another on the farm of Peter I. Nevius, in the southeast corner of the township ; this was originally started by Cor- nelius Cornell, who settled there in 1714. A single stone of a former yard belonging to Brokaw yet stands, opposite the entrance of Isaac V. Brower's place, which these Brokaws formerly owned. Many other private yards no doubt exist. The articles of incorporation of the " Neshanic Cemetery Association" were filed in the county clerk's office April 28, 1880. The officers for 1880 were : Pres- ident, A. A. Cortelyou ; Vice-PrcMidont, Israel H. Hill ; Treasurer, Gilbert Lane ; Secretary, M. W. Scully. SOCIETIES. The only institution other than those of a religious character in this township is "The Hillsborough Mutual Fire Assurance Association," chartered by the Legislature in 1844. Its first corporators were William Blackwell, Abr. A. Beekman, John M. Wyckoff, Rynier S. Merrill, Dennis Van Liew, Jr., Lawrence V. D. Davis, Henry Brokaw, John H. Wilson. Supplementary acts have been passed in 1853, 1854, 1858, and 1867. INDUSTRIES. Agriculture is the principal business of the town- ship, which contains 389 fVirms and no incorporated towns. Formerly there was considerable distilling carried on, but now very little. Nicholas Du Bois, Esq., had a still-house near Flaggtown for the making of cider and whisky. It was there in 1788, and probably before the Revolution, and was taken down about 1820. A Mr. Everett also owned a still about a mile west of Flaggtown, built about 1802; he died about 1820. Abr. Ditmars also owned a still in the same vicinity; it was built about 1812, and continued till about 1830. Abr. Spader built a still about 1806, near the union of the North and South Branches of the Raritan ; it was taken down about 1845. A Mr. Diltz has a still in Hillsborough, near Posttown. Nicholas Bainbridge had a still at Hills- borough (formerly Cross-Roads); it was built about 1820, and continued some forty years. Henry Pow- elson succeeded him on the place, and subsequently Abram Davis. There was formerly a still at Nesh- anic, owned by a Mr. Low. There was also a still at Branchville, built about 1850, and owned by a Mr. Amerman, in which whisky was made; it was taken down about two years ago. One of the first floiiring-mills in Hillsborough was on Royce's Brook, near Mr. Gabriel's. A mill was early located on Peace Brook, a little west of the present village of Millstone; the remains of the dam are yet to be seen. What is now known as Black- well's Mill was first erected in 1746, probably by Peter Schenck, who died Jan. 27, 1780. Arc.tubald Mercer was the next proprietor, from 1780-1806, when the mill was l)urned ; subsequently rebuilt, and owned by an uncle of William Blackwell ; the nephew soon became the proprietor. He held it until 1864, when his son John became the projirietor, and held it until 1871. A Mr. Van Zandt, of Blawonburg, llien bought it, and a few years later John Oakey, who is the present proprietor. In the western parts of the townHhip mills were erected at a very early date. Isaac Van Doren (born 1744) owned and operated one on the Neshanic River long before the Revolution. Joseph, his brother, operated a mill on the South Branch at an early period, and there was also one located at what is now called Neshanic Station perhaps as early as the mid- dle of the last century. Higgins & Brother have a grist-mill on the South Branch, in the extreme northwest corner of the town- ship. Jacob West is the proprietor of a grist-mill on Neshanic River, near the Amwell road; this was previously owned by John L. Oakey. Andrew Lane is proprietor of a grist-mill on the South Branch, at Neshanic Station ; this was formerly known as Corle's mill. There is also a grist-mill at Branchville, and two south of Millstone. There was also once a tan- nery at Neshanic. In 1834 there were in Hillsborough township nine stores, one tannery, one pottery, one flouring-mill, six grist-mills, one oil-mill, ten schools, with 266 scholars, and a population of 2863. It now (1881) contains about the same number of stores, four gfist-mills, two saw-mills, fourteen schools, with 941 children, and a population of 8569. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EDWARD TANJORE CORWIN, D.D.* Rev. Dr. Corwin, pastor of the Reformed Cliurch at Millstone, N. J., was born in New York City, July 12, ] 834. On his father's side he is descended from the Puritan stock of Massachusetts; on his mother's side from the Dutch and French. The ancestor of the family, Matthias Corwin, took part in the settling of Ipswich in 1630, and of the New Haven colony in • By BoT. J. D. Thompnon. E. T. CORWIN, D.D. ,( ^ HILLSBOROUGH. ^95 i 1638. He subsequently removed with that part of the colony which located at Southold, L. I., where the family remained almost unbroken for a century and a quarter, until scattered by the Eevolutionary war. Several branches of it, especially those who signed the petition to support the Continental Con- gress, were forced or found it expedient to leave their homes. They crossed Long Island Sound to Con- necticut, and, passing over the country to Fishkill and Newburgh, settled in Orange Co., N. Y. Here a large portion of them have remained to the present time. Almost every State of the Union, however, now has representatives of this family. (See " Cor- win Genealogy," New York, 1872.) James Corwin, one of those who fled to Orange County, subsequently sold his farm on Long Island, taking Continental money in exchange, and lost all. His grandson, Edward C. Corwin (born 1807 at Mid- dletown, N. Y., died 1856 in Jersey City, N. J.), was the father of the subject of this sketch. In childhood. Dr. Corwin attended the public schools in the city of New York, which were then in a most flourishing state. From these he passed, at the age of fourteen and a half years (1849), into the new college organized by the Legislature of the State of New York, and now known as the College of the City of New York, and was graduated in 1853, with the first class which that institution sent forth. He then entered the theological seminary of the Re- formed (Dutch) Church at New Brunswick, and was duly graduated and licensed to preach the gospel in 1856. He remained, after licensure, one year longer in New Brunswick for the purpose of prosecuting further the study of the Oriental languages, espe- cially Arabic. Having received and accepted a call to the church of Paramus, N. J., he was installed as pastor in that field Sept. 22, 1857. His farewell ser- mon there was delivered Nov. 29, 1863, having re- ceived and accepted a call to the church of Millstone, N. J., in which he was installed December 29th of the same year. Early in his college course he mastered Pitman's system of phonography, and he has used it all his life. He writes and reads it with great fluency. This knowledge has enabled him greatly to abridge the time usually occupied by clergymen in writing ser- mons. It is not too much to say that without this art he could not have collected the vast amount of his- torical data which has accumulated in his hands, and which he has digested and given in his different works to the public. For seventeen years he preached from phonographic manuscript. Since 1873, however, he has used no manuscript whatever, his theory being that the best preparation for preaching is to under- stand thoroughly the text and the context. While fond of history and antiquities, his favorite pursuit has been the exegetical study of the word of God. With a taste for language, and a fair knowlege of the Hebrew and of the New Testament Greek, he has gone critically and carefully through many books of the Bible, embodying the results of his studies in elaborate paraphrases. These studies furnish him the chief material for his sermons, which are expository and scriptural, and eminently instructive rather than showy or rhetorical. From 1869 for ten years he had in his family, or under his care, several of the Japanese youth sent by their government to this country to learn the secret of the prosperity of Western institutions. These are now in important positions in their native land. Several of them, sooner or later, before leaving America became professors of the Christian religion. He was married, July 25, 1861, to Mary Esther Kipp, of Geneva, N. Y. Dr. Corwin is recognized as the historiographer of the Church. For his publications see " Authors of Somerset County," in another por- tion of this work. ABRAHAM VAN NUTS. Abraham Van Nuys, of Hillsborough township, is a great-grandson of Isaac, who with his three brothers left Long Island to seek other homes and carve out fortunes for themselves. One brother, John, settled near New Brunswick, Isaac and Jacobus settled in Hillsborough township, and Cornelius settled in Princeton, N. J. Isaac located his farm near Mill- stone in the early part of the eighteenth century, and there reared a family of children,— viz.. Jacobus, Cor- nelius, Isaac, John, and Maria. t96 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. His grandfather, John, born in 1720, married Mar- tha Van Arsdale, who bore him children as follows,— viz., Isaac, John, Jacobus, Cornelius, Jane, wife of Peter Bergen, Catherine, wife of Bergen Covert, and Maria, wife of William Terhune. The grandfather died at the beginning of the Eevolutionary war. His father, Jacobus, born on April 16, 1753, mar- ried Catherine, daughter of Hiram Ditmars, who bore him children as follows : John, born Nov. 30, 1781 ; Peter, born Dec. 20, 1785 ; Abraham, born July 15, 1791 ; Cornelius, born May 23, 1793 ; and James, born Aug. 29, 1799. All are deceased except the subject of this sketch. Jacobus Van Nuys was a soldier in the Eevolutionary war. Abraham Van Nuys spent most of his minority on the farm of his father. At the age of eighteen years he went with his brother Peter to learn shoemaking at Flaggtown. He was drafted to serve in the war of 1812, and served under Capt. Jacob Ten Eyck, and was most of the time of his five months' service at Highlands, off Sandy Hook, Col. Abrams command- ing. He married, Feb. 9, 1815, Mary, daugiter of John and Ann (Voorhees) Powelson. She was born April 17, 1791, and bore him children as follows : James, born March 28, 1818, a farmer, married, Jan. 2, 1840, Eebecca Maria, daughter of Elias Van Fleet (they have one son, Abraham, and one daughter, Maria, wife of Charles M. Young) ; Maria, born Jan. 13, 1822, wife of John H. Brokaw ; Peter Nevius, born July 5, 1828, married, May 22, 1850, Margaret Ann, daughter of Isaac Van Cleef. Eeturning from the war, " Squire Van Nuys," as he is familiarly known, worked at his trade until about 1827, when he purchased fifty acres of land where his son Peter now resides, to which he afterwards added thirty acres, and here he resides, in 1880, having led an active and industrious life, and now passing into his ninetieth year of age, and re- taining all the faculties of both body and mind. He was an active man in the old State militia, and as early as 1822 raised a company of fifty men, whom he commanded as captain. He was connected with military organizations for a period of thirty years. His first vote was cast for President Madison, as a Federalist, and he has since been an unswerving member of the "W^iig a^nd Eepublican parties. For twenty years he has officiated as justice of the peace in his township, and a noticeable fact in this connec- tion is that no appeal was ever made from his decision. His counsel has been, regarded by his townsmen as safe in all cases, and many are the cases' fhait' caine before him while acting as justice that were settled through his advice without entering upon continued litigation. He was freeholder for some seven years and has held minor offices, always acting with that integrity which characterized him in his own business affairs. He has been a promoter of all worthy local interests. Since 1817 he has been a member of the Harlingen Dutch Eeformed Church, and has officiated as deacon and elder. His wife, a zealous and devoted Christian woman, became a member of the same church at the same time, and remained constant in her profession to the end of her life. She died Feb. 20, 1868. The Van Nuys family are of Dutch origin, and the progenitor of the family here settled on Long Island, from Holland, at an early day. PETER G. QUICK. Peter G. Quick, born in the town of Hillsborough, Somerset Co., N, J., Sept. 15, 1788, is a descendant in the third generation from Joachim Quick, whose father came from Long Island and was one of the early settlers of the township, where many members of the family have since resided. Peter Q. Quick's father was Garret, second son of Joachim Quick, and one in a family of four sons and one daughter men- tioned in the sketch of Peter P. Quick found in this work. Garret Quick was born Feb. 2, 1761, and mar- ried, for his first wife, Catherine, daughter of Henry Stryker, of Montgomery township. She was born Feb. 3, 1764, and died Oct. 7, 1807. He died in the sixty- first year of his age. There children were Joachim, Henry, Catherine, Peter G., Lucretia, Garret, Cath- erine second, wife of Peter Van Nuys, Garret second, Joseph, who resides in Michigan; Aletta, wife of Alexander Brokaw ; James, who resides in Michigan ; and Ann, wife of Joseph Stephens, Michigan. Six of these children are living, the youngest being over seventy years of age. After the death of his first wife Garret Quick was twice married, but had no children born of either union. He was a farmer through life, was patriotic, and fought as a soldier under Washington at the battle of Monmouth, during the war for independ- ence, and during that engagement saw three horses shot from under the great general and Father of our Country. Peter G. Quick, now in the ninety-second year of his age, is able at this writing to give the facts and most of the dates for this sketch. He recollects when at the age of six years, of his father taking him to see the battle-field of Monmouth, and at the age of twelve, upon the death of Gen. Washington, in com- mon with all, he wore crape on his arm for thirty days. Five years after the treaty of peace was signed whereby Great Britain acknowledged the independ- ence of the United States, Peter G. Quick was born, on the old homestead of his forefathers. He has lived to watch the rapid growth and prosperity of the young republic ripen into a vast nation of thirty-nine States, containing a population of fi% millions of people, to see steam-power utilized in rapid transit on both sea and land, and the thoughts of man tra- verse with lightning speed continent and ocean alike. The reaper, the mower, the revolving rake for facil- B -■« tf? S^^ ^d^A^ HILLSBOROUGH. 797" itating the labors of the farmer, the knitting-, sewing-, and weaving-machines, and inventions in machinery numbered by the hundreds, have all found a place during the life of this aged patriarch, which reaches back to within twelve years of the Declaration of In- dependence. His early education was obtained at the Raritan River school, where he attended for three summers and three winters, and which was distant from his home three miles. He remained at home engaged in farm-work until- he was twenty -seven years of age, when, in 1816, he purchased a farm about one mile northwest from Millstone, upon which he resided until 1860, and then retired from the more active duties of life. His first vote was cast for the fourth President of the United States, as a member of the old Federal party.. He has followed the same line of politics through life, and has been an unswerving supporter of the Whig and subsequently of the Re- publican party. Mr. Quick has led a quiet and unos- tentatious life, and never sought political preferment, although he has been selected to hold some minor offices. He has ever been known as a man of good judgment, fidelity in every undertaking, and pos- sessed of sterling integrity. He was often selected as a guardian and administrator — was for twenty years in one case, and twenty-seven years in another case administrator — of estates, and for twenty years he acted as guardian over his brother's children. In the performance of all these duties his integrity and honor remained unimpeached. He has always been a promoter of good in society, and since 1810, a period of seventy years, he has been a supporter of church interests, In 1866 he became a member of the Dutch Reformed Church at Mill- stone, and remains constant in his profession. His wife was Catherine, a daughter of Isaac Van Nuys, of Hillsborough township, whom he married in 1809. She was born in 1785, and died in 1862. She was a woman of purity of life, as shown in her every-day work. She was known for her kind heart and many acts of charity, her even temperament and womanly virtues. 12, 1848. The brothers of James- Auten were John, Thomas, Abraham, Isaac, and Peter. The three eldest lived to be old men. All lived in Bridgewater township except Abraham, who resided at Richmond, DAVID K. AUTEN. David K. Auten was born in the township of Bridgewater, Somerset Co., N. J., Nov. 2, 1807. His father, James Auten, born May 24, 1774, mar- ried, March 14, 1801, Hannah, daughter of Squire David Kelley. He was a wheelwright and farmer, and resided about two miles north of Somerville, on the Pluckamin road. He died June 4, 1809, leaving a widow and children,— viz., Mary Ann, born June 30, 1802, wife of James Kelley, first of Seneca Co., N. J., and then of Wisconsin, where she died ; Aaron, born Jan. 18, 1804, of North Branch; Elizabeth Stry- ker, born Dec. 10, 1805, wife of Joseph Perrine, of Bound Brook ; and David K. The mother of these children was born pet. 29, 1778, and died March on Staten Island, where he attained prominence, and was sherifi" or deputy for some thirty years. David K. Auten, at the age of seventeen, went to learn the hatter's trade at Somerville with Aaron Van Natta, where he remained for four years. He was then a partner of Dennis Tuniaon in the business at Farmersville, Seneca Co., N. Y., for three years, and in 1826 returned to his native State and spent some time with his brother Aaron, a wheelwright, at North Branch. He worked at that business for three years at Branchville, in Hillsborough township. On Sept. 12, 1838, he married Matilda, daughter of William Burniston, of Hillsborougli. She died Sept. 15, 1854, aged thirty-five years. Their children were Aaron, born June 29, 1839; Maria Elizabeth, died young; Mary Ann Kelley, born Dec. 16, 1842, wife of Jona- than Prall, of New York City; Hannah Rebecca, born Dec. 10, 1844, wife of Jacob R. Sutphin, of Hillsborough ; Sarah Louisa, born Nov. 15, 1846, wife of John B. French, of Mercer Co., N. J. ; James Franklin, born Jan. 9, 1849 ; Eliza Matilda, bom April 16, 1851, wife of Charles Hamblin, of Hillsbor-- ough ; and Malvenah, who died in her eleventh year. His second wife was Emily, seventh daughter of Enoch and Jane (Covert) Stewart, of Senfeca Co.; N Y whom he married Sept. 27, 1856. She was f % 798 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. born Dec. 9, 1817. Her parents were born in Som- erset County, were married in Seneca Co., N. Y., where they settled in 1791 as farmers, and were mem- bers of the Dutch Eeformed Church. She died at the age of eighty-three. He died in Lodi, Nov. 27, 1865, aged ninety-seven years and eight months. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Auten, in 1840, pur- chased a farm of eighty acres, now occupied by his son James. He has since added one hundred and fifty acres, and built a substantial residence in 1854. He built the residence where he now resides, adjoin- ing his old farm, in 1873. Mr. Auten has spent a life of industry and activity, wholly devoted to business pursuits. In politics he is a Eepublican, having formerly been a Whig. He has been a member of the Eeformed Church since 1839, and has officiated as elder,— first at Somerville and subsequently at Earitan. His wife is also a mem- ber of the same church. Third Eeformed Church at Earitan. In his early manhood he was identified with the old Whig party, and is now a Eepublican. For several years he has only voted at Presidential elections. Now nearly eighty-six years of age, Mr. Quick remains quite active in body, and is able to dictate nearly all of the facts for this sketch. PETER PETERSON QUICK. Peter Peterson Quick is the grandson of Joachim Quick, whose father came from Long Island and settled in Hillsborough township when the country was a wilderness. Joachim married a Miss Schnid- aker, who bore him five children, — viz., Peter, Garret, James, Abraham, and Maria. Peter Quick, son of Joachim, was born Sept. 19, 1758, and married, Nov. 27, 1799, Aletta, daughter of Peter Peterson ; she was born Jan. 30, 1762. He was a farmer near the river in Hillsborough township for many years, and in the year 1800 purchased andTe* moved to the place now owned and occupied by the subject of this sketch. He was a soldier in the Eevo- lutionary war, and .was in the battle of Monmouth and in the skirmish at Springfield. .Joachim Quick also served in that war. Peter Quick died Aug. 29, 1842. His wife died May 6, 1838. Their children were Anna, born Sept. 29, 1780; Jacob, born Sept. 30, 1782; Catharine, -born Dec. 9, 1788 ; Nelly, born June 20, 1788 ; Maria, bom March 25, 1792 ; Peter P., born June 27, 1795 ; Aletta, born May 24, 1799; Jacob (2d), born Feb. 9, 1805. Only one of these children, besides Peter P., is living, — viz., Aletta, widow of the late Dr. Whitenack, of Earitan. Most of them lived to advanced ages. Peter P. Quick received a common-school educa- tion, and in early life became inured to farm-work, early "in life learning those valuable lessons, industry and economy. He succeeded his father on the farm, which originally contained two hundred and sixty acres, but now consists of one hundred and fifty -five acres. His life has been almost wholly devoted to agricultural pursuits, and he has been successful in the acquisition of property. He has ever been known as a man of good mind, and moral and upright in his life. For many years he has been a member of the JACOB DILTS. Jacob Dilts' great-grandfather emigrated from Ger- many, and was one of the first settlers of the township of Kingwood, Hunterdon Co., N. J. His grandfather, Jacob, married Miss Heath, who died in 1828, aged sixty-nine years. He was a farmer through life, and died in West Amwell township in 1828, aged seventy-two years. His children were John, Paul K., Henry, Andrew, Asher, Eichard, Hiram, Ann, and Mahaleh, wife of George Dilts, who lives at Lambertville, N. J. The latter is the only one living, except Paul K., who was born April 8, 1788, married, Feb. 28, 1811, Sarah, daughter of Elisha Sharp. She was born Feb. 18, 1798, and died Aug. 22, 1876. Paul K. Dilts is living, in 1880, in East Amwell township, and in comparatively good health. He followed the trade of a carpenter in early manhood, subsequently was a miller, but has spent the major part of his active business life as a farmer. He was formerly a Whig, and has been a member of the Eepublican party since its' organization. Both he and his wife were members of the Dutch Eeformed ChurcK at Clover Hill, of which he was also elder- for some B^fe 4v' ^ YVerab 'ffeiS' ■1 ^3^/*"' '-^ ^.f^=-^ s_» ^^^^^..^/^^^.-^ ^.^^^^.^^ HILLSBOROUGH. 799 time. Their children are Isaac S., resides at Clover Hill on the old homestead; Jacoh; Elisha, died in Fairview, 111.; Sarah M. (deceased), wife of John L. Bellows. Jacob, son of Paul K. Dilts, was born in Amwell township, Hunterdon Co., Oct. 25, 1813. He re- mained at home on the farm until he reached his majority. He married, Oct. 13, 1836, Margaret K., daughter of David Bellis, of Amwell township. She was born Jan. 8, 1813, and died June 8, 1859. The children of this union are Augustus ; Sarah Elizabeth, wife of Peter J. Quick, of South Branch ; Mary Sut- phen, wife of Talbot C. Gulick, of Readington ; Eleanor; Charlotte B., wife of Eichard H. Layton, of Somerville. For his second wife he married, Aug. 26, 1862, Catharine M., daughter of Dennis and Eliz- abeth (Perrine) Huff, of Hillsborough. She was born Jan. 11, 1820. For several years after his marriage Mr. Dilts rented farms, but in 1848 he purchased the farm of eighty-six acres where he now resides, in the town- ship of Hillsborough, and on which he built his present residence, and nearly all other buildings on the place. Mr. Dilts has led an industrious and active life, and unassisted pecuniarily has, by good management and economy, secured a fair competence. He is a man of strict integrity and correct habits, and a promoter of all worthy enterprises. He cast his first vote for Gen. Harrison, and is a member of the Eepublican party, but no seeker after place. For forty-one years he has been a member of the Reformed Church, first at Somerville, but now at Earitan. He has officiated both as deacon and elder. JOHN VAN DOKBN. The great-grandfather of John Van Doren, belong- ing to one of the old Dutch families who settled New York City, came firom Long Island, and was one of the early settlers of Franklin township, Somerset Co. There he reared a family of fifteen children, of whom one son, John, purchased and settled the farm now owned and occupied by our subject, near Millstone, in Hillsborough township, some time pre- vious to the Eevolutionary war. Here he erected a house, covered it with shingle, and the same building is in 1880 in a good state of repair, still being the home residence of his grandson. In this house Gen. Wash- ington often slept, during the ever-memorable strug- gle, as he was passing to and fro through New Jersey. It was on this farm that the Hessians, after clearing off a large piece of woodland, established their hos- pital for wounded and sicS soldiers. His wife was Miss Marretye Lott, who at one time during the war was taken a prisoner by the British troops, a rope put around her neck, and ordered to disclose certain things relative to the enemy. The attempt was un- successftil, and she was released. She died April 27, 1855, aged seventy-seven years. The children of John Van Doren were Abraham, Christianus, John, Corne- lius, Jacob I., William, and Mrs. Tunis Hoagland. John Van Doren was a farmer through life, was a supporter of all worthy enterprises of his town and county, gave the ground to the Dutch Eeformed Church where their church edifice now stands at Millstone, and died in 1815, aged eighty-nine years. Jacob I., father of our subject, was born onthehome- stead Dec. 26, 1761, succeeded the senior Van Doren on the old homestead, and then carried on agricultu- ral pursuits during his life. He married Mrs. Hoag- land, formerly Miss Mattie Ditmars, of Hillsborough, who bore him one son, John, and one daughter, Maria, widow of the late Isaac Dumont, of Branchburgh. His wife was born Nov. 10, 1767, and died April 8, 1852. Jacob Van Doren and his wife lived a quiet life, were members of the Dutch Eeformed Church at Millstone, and were interred in the burial-place near that church, where his parents were also buried. He was a firm supporter of the old Whig party of his day, but never sought or held office. He died July 27, 1828, aged sixty-six years. One brother, John, was a soldier in the Eevolu- tionary war, was taken prisoner by the British, and for some time confined in New York City. John Van Doren, the subject of 'this narrative, was born on the homestead Feb. 3, 1804. He received a fair common-school education while young, but after reaching the age of twelve years was kept at work on the farm during the summer months. In January, 1829, he married Charity, daughter of Eynier and Catharine (Voorhees) Staats, of Hills- borough township. She was born in 1807, and died in 1872. Their children are Eynier, born Oct. 15, 1829, who resides in Franklin township ; Jacob, born February, 1831, now carrying on the home farm ; and Catharine, born in April, 1833, wife of George W. Metlar, of Earitan Landing, N. J. Mr. Van Doren is known as a man of strict integrity, correct habits, and sterling principles. His life has been spent on the farm where he was born, which originally con; tained one hundred and thirty-five acres, but now contains one hundred and thirty-two acres. He was formerly a member of the Whig party, but upoi^ the formation of the Eepublican party became a sup- porter of its principles. He has held the office of freeholder for four years. He has been a member of the church of his forefathers since about 1840, and has officiated for some time as deacon and elder. His wife was a zealous, devoted Christian woman, and for many years a member of the same church. ISAAC V. D. HALL. Isaac V. D. Hall, son of George and Sarah (Van Doren) Hall, was born at Neshanic, Dec. 18, 1817. His father was a miller by occupation, and died near Clinton, aged about sixty-six years. His mother was a relative of the Van Doren family ( 800 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, who settled near Millstone, N. J. The other children of George Hall were John (deceased), Magdalen, who married Edward Losee, and William G., who resides at Earitan. Isaac V. D. Hall received only a common-school education. He went to learn the carpenter and join- er's trade at the age of nineteen, and worked at this husiness until he was fifty-five years of age. He mar- ried, in March, 1855, Ann, daughter of Dominicus and Aletta (Whitenack) Stryker. She was bom May 9, 1824, and is living in 1880 on the place purchased by her husband in 1858. Their children are William Wesley, born Nov. 3, 1856, died Oct. 2, 1877, and one died in infancy. Mr. Hall resided for three years at Neshanic Sta- tion before purchasing his place near Flaggtown. He was a man of correct habits, and esteemed by all who knew him. Both he and his wife became members of the church at Neshanic, and gave liberally of their means for the support of Christianity. PETER W. YOUNG. Peter W. Young, son of William P. and Lydia (Hagaman) Young, was born in East Amwell town- ship, Hunterdon -Co., Oct. 8, 1807. His great-grand- father, Peter, was a native of Niewit, Germany, and the progenitor of the family here. He purchased and settled one thousand acres of land in Amwell town- ship. His grandfather, Peter, born in Montgomery township, Somerset Co., N. J., March 16, 1731, marr ried Mary, daughter of Christopher Snyder, who bore him one son, Peter, born March 2, 1756, and one daughter, Mary, born Aug. 20, 1757. His wife died in 1758. He married, in February, 1759, for his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Herbert Hummer, who bore him the following children : Ann, born Sept. 14, 1764; Herbert, born Aug. 14, 1766; Jacob, bom Oct. 12, 1768; Elizabeth, born June 6, 1771; Margaret and Sarah, bom Jan. 12, 1774; John, bom July 31, 1778; Elsie, born July 11, 1781 ; William, bom Dec. 20, 1783. The mother of these children died in 1808. Their father died in 1809. He settled on five hundred acres of land purchased by his father, and built a residence, where he resided during the remainder of his life. Upon his death his sons William and John purchased the other heirs' interest in their father's estate and settled on the property. William sold his interest in the estate in 1840, and settled on one hundred acres of land near Neshanic, where he followed farming until about 1853, when he gave up the active duties of life, and afterwards resided with his children until his death, July 29, 1856. His wife died Feb. 7, 1845. She was a daughter of Ealph and Mary Hagaman, who were married Sept. 27, 1806. Their children were Peter W., subject of this sketch, and Catharine Maria, born Aug. 12, 1814, wife of Henry D. Johnson, of Blawenburg, Montgomery township. William P. Young was a man of strict integrity in all the relations of life. He was a member of the Dutch Reformed Church at Neshanic for many years, and for some time officiated as deacon. He never sought political preferment, although he was a firm adherent of the old Whig party. Peter W. Young, only son of William P., received a limited common-school education, but so improved the opportunities afforded as early in life to develop his natural business ability. He resided on the home farm until Nov. 27, 1829, when he married Penelope, daughter of Henry and Ann (Staats) Herder, of Nesh- anic. She was born Sept. 25, 1807. Their only child, William P., born Oct. 12, 1837, died Sept. 24, 1851. After his marriage, Mr. Young, in 1830, settled on the farm, of three hundred acres, where he has since resided and carried on agricultural pursuits. He ia one of the largest land-owners in Somerset County, and in every sense of the term a representative farmer, Mr. Young is known as a man of sterling integrity, energetic in business, and judicious in its manage- ment. He is a promoter of all worthy local enter- prises, and a liberal supporter of church and kindred interests. He became a member of the Dutch Ee- formed Church at Neshanic in 1854, and has continu- ously served that church as treasurer since 1855. Mr. Young possesses that force of character and btisiness capacity that places him among the leading financiers of his township. He has kept aloof fi-om place in political matters, although often solicited to accept office. Following in the line of his ancestors, he is a staunch supporter of the Republican party. •C/V^t^^' ■} i . ■ J I /^c/^'^/yX y^m/^- ^^^^^ Fredeeick V. L. YoOEHEES is a descendant of Koert Voorhees, of New Utrecht and Graves- end, L. I., from which place his great-grand- father, Jacques, came and settled in Franklin township, Somerset Co., where John Voorhees now resides. His grandfather, Jacques, resided on the old homestead. Married Dinah Stryker, of the same place, who bore him children, — viz., John, Jacques, Abram, Cornelia, wife of Dr. Pomeroy, of Utica, N. Y., and Ellen, wife of Lewis D. Hardenbergh, of New Brunswick. Only Mrs. Pomeroy is now living. His wife died May 10, 1831, aged sixty-three years. Jacques, father of our subject, born March 27, 1792, on the old homestead, married Ann, daughter of Frederick Van Liew and Ann Rappleyea, of Three-Mile Run, of Franklin. She was born March 15, 1795, and died at the age of seventy-five years. Their children were Jacques, born Oct. 18, 1815; Matilda, wife of John Demott, born Sept. 8, 1817; Frederick Van Liew, born March 22, 1820; John, born April 23, 1822; and Abram, born April 7, 1826, all living. The father was a farmer through life, a member of the Dutch Reformed Church at Six- Mile Run (now called Franklin Park), and died on the old homestead where he spent his life, Sept. 21, 1828. Frederick V. L. Voorhees spent his minority at home on the farm, and received a liberal ed- ucation in the district school and at a boarding- school in New Brunswick, N. J. It was during the memorable time of the tornado in June, 1835, that he was away at school in New Brunswick. After the death of his father his mother carried on the farm, and in this way kept the family together, and not only taught her children the value of labor and economy, but gave them such an education as she could afford. Mr. Voorhees married, Aug. 20, 1845, Eliza T., the eldest in a family of five daughters of Abram C. and Eliza (Houghton) Beekman, of Hopewell, N. J. She was born on June 24, 1823. Her father died Feb. 24, 1877, at New Brunswick, and her mother died at her old home, Aug. 2, J 864, aged seventy-three years. Mr. Voorhees purchased a farm near Blackwell's Mills, in the township of Hillsborough, containing one hundred and sixty acres, in 1844, upon which he has since resided. He has not been active in politics, yet interested in all matters in any way adding to the prosperity of the people and the establishment of our gov- ernment upon a firm basis. He was formerly identified with the Whig party, and naturally espoused Republican ideas upon the formation of that party. He took an active part in the construction of the Millstone Railroad, running through the township of Franklin. His chil- dren are Abram B., Elizabeth H., wife of Eugene Nevius, of Franklin, Jacques J., Ida Van Liew, Frederick A., and C. Beekman. ^^e^vL^ Zacheds Behgen (James.s Evert,* Hans Joris^ (George), Joris Hansen,^ Hans Hansen^), of Hillsborough township, Somerset Co., N. J., was sixth in regular line of descent from Hans Hansen Bergen, common ancestor of the Bergen family of Long Island, New Jersey, and their vicinity, a native of Bergen, in Norway, a ship-carpenter by trade, and removed from thence to Holland. From Holland he emigrated in 1633 to New Amster- dam, now New York, arriving in April of that year, with Wou- ter Van Twiller, the second director-general, in one of the ves- sels of the fleet, consisting of the West India Company's ships, the " Salt Mountiin," of twenty guns, commanded by Juriaen Blanck, the "Carvel," ''St. Martyn," and the "Hope," which vessels accompanied the " Salt Mountain" in her voyage from the Fatherland. Hans Hansen Bergen married, in 1639, Sarah, daughter of Joris Jansen Rapalie, a French Huguenot from Rochelle, who emigrated in 1623, in the ship " Unity." She was born on June 9, 1625, and is said to have been the first white female child of European parentage born in the colony of New Netherlands. Of their children, four sons and four daughters, Joris (George) was fifth child, baptized July 18, 1649, in New Amsterdam, living as late as 1736 ; married, Aug. 11, 1678, Sara, daughter of Jan Strycker, of Flatbush. " Capt. Joris Hansen Ber- gen's" family in 1693 consisted of " one man, one woman, eleven children, and two slaves." In the same year and in 1 702 he was an elder in the church in Brooklyn. In 1690 he was elected one of the trustees or commissioners of common lands, which office he held until 1702. "In 1700 ho was a member of the grand jury and foreman of the same, and the same year he was captain of the foot company of militia of Brookland." Hans Joris, son of Joris Hansen, baptized Aug. 31, 1684, in New Utrecht, died in 1726; married, Aug. 16, 1711, Sylje, daughter of Evert Van Wicklen, of New Lots. His children were George, born Oct. 9, 1712, and Evert, born in 1717, died Nov. 17, 1776. Evert Bergen married Jane, daughter of Dennyse Hegeman, of Flatbush, a descendant of Adrian Hegeman, who emigrated from Amsterdam, Holland, in 1660. In his younger days Evert Bergen resided in New Lots. In 1737 he purchased and set- tled a tract of one hundred and forty acres of land at Royee- field, Hillsborough township, and also a farm at Whitehouse, nine miles from Somorville. He brought a pear tree with him from Flatbush to New Jersey which bore fruit until 1861, oyer one hundred and twenty years, when it was blown down during a violent storm. His children were John, born Sept. 26, 1 746 j Jane, baptized Ajig. 5, 1750, in Somerville Reformed Dutch Church; James, born Sept. 11,1765; and Evert, born in 1756. James Bergen, father of our subject, married. May 20, 1779, Ann, daughter of Zacheus Van Voorhees. who was born Feb. 20, 1761, and died Jan. 11, 1852, in her ninety-first year. He inherited from his father and occupied the homestead farm in Roycefield, N. J., to which he added by purchase two hundred and twenty acres. Dying intestate, his land was equally di- vided among his children. He died Jan. 30, 1830. His brother Evert was a soldier in the American army, and engaged in the battle of Monmouth in the war of the Revolution. The children of James Bergen were Evert, born Oct. 30, 1780; Mary, born May 6, 17S6; John, born Feb. 19, 1790; Zacheus, born Oct. 1, 1792; Jane, born March 16, 1794, died in infancy; Jane, born April 12, 1797; and James, born Aug. 30, L799. Zacheus Bergen married, Jan. 18, 1816, Mary Simon- son, who wiis born April 29, 1789, and died Feb. 24, 1 880. Their children are Joanna Voorhees, born Sept. 4, 1817, wife of Rev. J. A. Van Dorcn, of Millstone; Elizabeth, born Aug. 14, 1819, widow of the late Simon S. Van Liew, of Somerville; at the time of his death, May 24, 1880, he was sherifi'of Somerset County; Mary S. Staats, born May 5, 1822 ; Gertrude, born June 19, 1826, wife of John A. Voorhees; James Z., born Dec. 19, 1827. Zacheus Bergen, at the time of his death, resided on the farm where he was born. His portion of his father's estate was thirty acres which included the homestead, to which he added by pur- chase of the other heirs some eighty-seven acres. Here, like his ancestors, he followed agricultural pursuits. His life was one of activity, energy, and perseverance, uninterrupted by the bickerings of political strife or seeking after place. Of a natu- rally robust frame, and possessed of a strong constitution, he retained in the later years of his life to a remarkable degree the vigor of both body and mind which characterized his earlier years. He was afflicted for about seventy years with deafness, and was unable to engage in conversation save by the use of writing. Notwithstanding this difficulty, Mr. Bergen never relaxed his desire for reading, and was always interested in and conversant with the current political topics of the day, and especially well read in Scripture history. He was positive and decided in his opinions, and possessed force of character and integrity of purpose in all his undertakings. Following in the footsteps of his ancestry, he was interested in all worthy local enterprises, and performed his part well, and was ever foremost in the establishment and propagation of school and church interests. He was a member of the Dutch Reformed Church of Somerville nearly his whole life, and officiated as deacon and elder. His wife was also a member of this church, a devoted wife, and a kind Christian woman. This old family, of which Mr. Bergen was the oldest living representative in 1880 in Somerset County, dating back nearly one hundred and fifty years prior to the Declaration of Independence, became mem- bers of the Federal party upon the close of the Revolutionary struggle, and have kept their principles inviolable through the subsequent Whig and Republican parties, never seeking place or political preferment, but ever patriotic and true to the best interests of the republic. Mr. Bergen built his residence in 1851, which, with its sur- roundings, presented a striking contrast with the wilderness home and the log cabin of his grandfather, the first settler of the family here, showing industry, judicious management, and thrift through a period of nearly a century and a half. Mr. Bergen died Nov. 14, 1880, aged eighty-eight years, one month, and fourteen days. * Henry Vak Aksdale, grandfather of Peter 0., was born in Hillsborough township, resided near Somerville, and sold his property during the Revolutionary war, tak- ing his pay in Continental money, which becoming value- less reduced him to poverty. He was a soldier in that war, and belonged to the old Federalist party. He died about 1817, aged eighty-eight. His wife, Sarah Dumont, died at the age of eighty-three. His father, Christopher, born April 20, 1760, married Sarah, daughter of Peter A. Dumont, of Hillsborough. She was bora March 24, 1764, and died in 1844. He was an officer and served some three years in the Kevolutionary war; was in the battle of "Weston, and after the close of the war received a pension. He was a linen-weaver by trade, but followed farming in Hillsborough during the latter part of his life. He was a member of and officiated as deacon and elder in the Somerville Dutch Reformed Church. He died in 1840. Their children were Sarah (deceased), wife of James I. Voorhees ; Henry (deceased) ; Peter 0. ; Ann (deceased), wife of John Opie ; Catherine, wife of Jacob Quick ; Aletta, wife of James Ross, residing in Jerseyville, Ills. Peter C. Van Arsdale was born Nov. 4, 1794. He learned weaving with his father, and followed it, in connection with farming, until 1878. At the age of fourteen he went into the busy world for himself, and began life by working at his trade most of the year, only working on the farm during the busy season. In 1817 he settled on the farm where he now resides, containing fifty-four acres, which was a part of his father-in-law's old homestead. Until 1871 he did most of his own work and carried on his own farm. He has been a member of the Dutch Reformed Church at North Branch since 1854. In politics he was originally a Whig, and is now a Republican. His brother Henry was a soldier in the war of 1812, and served at Sandy Hook. His first wife was Maria, daughter of Tunis Van Millsworth, of Hillsborough, whom ho married Dec. 30, 1815, and who bore him children as follows: Re- becca, wife of Abraham Burnhart ; Henry; Sarah, wife of Tunis Deatsj Jane, wife of J. Brown, deceased, but present wife of James Longstreetj and Tunis. She was born Dec. 5, 1798, and died Nov. 1, 1827. His second wife was Nancy, daughter of James Opie, whom he married Oct. 15, 1828. She was born Jan. 23, 1792, and died in 1846, leaving children, — Catherine Maria, wife of Henry Brokaw ; Wilhelmina, wife of John Carcuff ; Aletta Ann, wife of Isaac S. Lewis ; Eliza- beth, widow of the late Abraham Q. CoVert ; and Chris- topher. Mr. Van Arsdale is now nearly eighty-six years of age, and is able from memory alone to dictate the facts for this sketch. He has lived to vyatch the growth and prosperity of his offspring, and has at this writing eleven children, forty-eight grandchildren, and thirteen great-grandchildren. He is a man of strong constitution and rugged frame, and in his advanced age enjoys in a remarkable degree the vigor of younger manhood ; being a man of plain habits and unostentatious ways, he has lived a quiet and worthy life, and will leave to his offspring the rich legacy of a pure and noble ex- ample. ^(Tfj^l) -^jLe//i6 Benaiah Everett, father of John, was born April 23, 1786, died Nov. 29, 1863. Married Ann, daughter of Philip and Ann (Peterson) Van Arsdale, born Oct. 3, 1786, died Nov. 29, 1863. The children of this union were Sarah Ann, born Sept. 2, 1814 (wife of John Van der Veer); John, born May 11, 1818; and Philip Van Arsdale. Benaiah Everett was a farmer, and lived a quiet and unostentatious life. He was a Democrat, but took no very active part in politics. He was a man of correct habits, perseverance, and resolution. His grandfather, Nicholas Everett, also lived atNeshanic, and died about 1822, at an advanced age. His children were Ezekiel, John, Eliza (who married Peter Ditmars, and resided in New York State), and Benaiah. John Everett, eldest son of Benaiah, received limited opportunities for obtaining an education from books, and without pecuniary assistance in early manhood has worked his own way to his present position of opulence. For several years after reaching his majority he served with his father for wages. On Feb. 13, 1845, he married Margaret, daughter of Albert P. and Helena (Longstreet) Voorhees, of Hillsborough town- ship. She was born Sept. 14, 1822, is one of fourteen children, — nine girls, five boys, — and a sister of Peter A. Voorhees, of Franklin town- ship, whose ancestry is traced to the progenitor of the family in this country. The children of this union are Beftaiah, Julia, Albert Voorhees, Anna (wife of Augustus Higgins), Matilda Van Nuys (wife of John Opie), and Mary Emma (wife of Isaac Stryker). Mr. Everett resided near Neshanic for some eighteen years following his marriage, and then settled on the old Voorhees homestead where his wife was born. This property he purchased in 1863, containing two hundred and one acres, and it is one of the most desirable and best im- proved farms in Somerset County. Mr. Everett is a member of the Democratic party, but gives little attention to politics. He is ranked among the substantial agriculturists of his township, and by economy and judicious management has accumulated a fine property. The Everett? are of English descent, and the Van Arsdales of Dutch origin, and his grand- father, Nicholas Everett, is supposed to have been the first settler of the family in Somerset County. CycTT'c:^. , /^C^<<^0-^^J Heemantjs, great-grandfather of the above, — supposed to be the first settler of this branch of the family in Hillsborough, — was born Feb. 18, 1681, and married Adreat Stotehuff, who was born Jan. 11, 1688, and died Aug. 18, 1761. He died Nov. 8, 1771, leaving the following children : Hermanns, born Jan. 1, 1725; Stinche V., born Dec. 22, 1734; and Lucas, born April 24, 1753. Lucas, grandfather of our subject, died May 22, 1821. Married Mary Bunn, who was born March 15, 1755, and died Aug. 14, 1835. He owned some two hundred acres of land where Abraham L. now resides, and also two hundred acres in the township of Branchburg. Lucas L., next to the youngest child of Lucas and Mary Hoagland, was born March 22, 1792, and died Feb. 17, 1846. His wife was Elizabeth Peterson, whom he married April 11, 1816. The children of this union are Elizabeth, wife of John Dayley, born March 5, 1821 ; Mary, wife of Gershom Hall, born Feb. 8, 1823; Peter P., died young; and Abraham L., born March 20, 1827. Abraham L. Hoagland resides on the old homestead, and is a farmer by occupation. He received a liberal education during his minority, and is well read in the current topics of the day. Following in the same line of politics as his an- cestors, he is a Republican, but not a seeker after place. Three generations of this family have been connected with the same Church of which he is a member, and of which he has been deacon, and' is at present acting elder. He is a man free from ostentation, preferring the quiet avocation of the agriculturist to the bickerings of politics, yet he is unswerving in his political predilections, and interested in all measures that in any way affect the prosperity of the people. He married, Dec. 14, 1854, Sarah Maria, daughter of Henry H. and Mag- dalen (Staats) Brokaw. She was born June 26, 1832. Their only son and child is Peter A., who was born Nov. 26, 1855. HILLSBOROUGH. 801 ANDREW LANE. Cornelius C. Lane, grandfather of Andrew, married Judith Van Fleet, who bore him the following chil- dren : Gilbert, Andrew, John C, Cornelius C, Mrs. Stephen Ten Eyck, Mrs. Jacob Van Doren, Betsey, wife of John Brokaw. He was by trade a blacksmith' and carried on that business at Readington, where also he was a farmer. ^yi^ John C. Lane, father of our subject, born in 1807, married, in 1828, Mary Ann, daughter of Andrew Hageman, of Readington. She was born in 1806. He has followed agricultural pursuits during his life in his native township, and has ever been interested in all worthy local objects. He is a member of the Dutch Eeformed Church, and has served as deacon and elder. In' politics he is a Democrat, but his father was a member of the old Whig party. His children are Cornelius, born in 1829, died in 1868 ; Andrew ; Martha Ann, wife of Stephen Weaver, of South Branch ; John (deceased) ; Sarah Jane ; Mary Elizabeth, widow of the late Levi Fleming ; James, Phebe, and Gilbert. Andrew, eldest living son of John C. Lane, was bom in Readington, Dec. 5, 1831. His boyhood was spent on his father's farm. At the age of seventeen he began to learn the carpenter's trade, and at the age of twenty-one started business for himself, and during the following five years built some of the most substantial residences in Readington. He followed farming for seven years, and in 1864 purchased a farm in Clinton township, which he carried on for five years, when he came to Neshanic (1870), where he purchased the mill property and store. Here he has resided since, and has been engaged in carrying on a gen- eral merchandise business, flouring-mill, saw-mill, plaster- and phosphate-mill. Mr. Lane received no pecuniary assistance in starting out in life for himself, but by economy, enterprise, and judicious manage- ment he has secured a fine property. He is safely- classed among the most active and thrifty business men of his township and Somerset County. In poli- tics he is a Democrat, but has never been a seeker after place. He is a member of the Eeformed Church at Neshanic. He married, Feb. 17, 1858, Margarette, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Hoffman) Wyckofi; of Lebanon, N. J., who was born March 8, 1840. Their children are Martin W-, Mary Ann, and Lizzie. PETER Q. HOAGLAND. Peter Q. Hoagland, son of John A. and Jane (Voorhees) Hoagland, was bom in the township of Readington, Oct. 20, 1826. The Hoaglands were early settlers on the farm where Peter Q. now resides, the land being owned by his great-grandfather, which — being inherited by his sons, Peter receiving seventy- seven acres, and Albert, grandfather of our subject, and brother of Peter, sixty-six acres — ^has remained in the family since its first purchase, and is now owned by Peter Q. Hoagland. His grandfather, Albert, mtoied Mary A. Kingland, who was bom Sept. 18, 1762, and died on the homestead in March, 1852. Albert Hoagland was born Oct. 7, 1762, and died March 24, 1822. After his death, Mrs. Hoagland carried on the farm and kept possession of it during the remainder of her life, when it was purchased by its present occupant, and now contains one hundred and eighty acres. John A. Hoagland, father of Peter Q., was born Feb. 18, 1793, married Feb. 20, 1820, and died April 3, 1868. His first wife, Jane Voorhees, born Aug. 27, 1800, died July 22, 1837, leaving chil- dren, — viz., Catherine, bom April 23, 1821, died at the age of thirteen; Peter Quick; Sarah, born Aug. 11, 1831, wife of Henry 0. Van Doren ; Jane, born April 22, 1834, wife of Lawrence- Johnson. His second wife was Catherine Miner, whom he married Nov. 14, 1839. She died Aug. 15, 1846. John A. Hoagland began life as a farmer at Rocky Hill, and subsequently followed that occupation on the old homestead. He was in the war of 1812, and served at Sandy Hook. He was also connected for many years with the old State militia. He was a member of the Whig party, and afterwards of the Republican party. For many years both he and his wife were members of the Dutch Reformed Church at Neshanic. He was industrious, energetic, and judi- cious in his business afiairs, a man of exemplary habits, and esteemed by all who knew him. Peter Q. Hoagland received only the advantages of the common school for any education. At the age of sixteen he began'to learn'the"carpenter's trade, which 802. SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. business he followed for thirty years. He married, Dec. 25, 1850, Rachel Ann, daughter of George and Gertrude (Stryker) Corwin, of Hillsborough. She was born Dec. 25, 1832. Their children are John B., Ger- trude Stryker, Ann Elizabeth, Peter, and George Cor- win. Upon his marriage he settled in Franklin township, where he remained only two years, and pur- chased the old homestead, upon which he has since resided. He built his present elegant and commodi- ous farm residence himself in 1868, and the improve- ments about his premises indicate the management of a careful and intelligent farmer. Two railroads cross his farm, — South Branch and the Eastern and Amboy Railroads. He worked at his trade more or less until 1878, since when he has given his time exclu- sively to his farm. Mr. Hoagland is a Republican in politics, and follows the same line as his ancestors before him. He has been little connected with public office, and has only served in a public capacity as commissioner of appeal and as surveyor of the Hills- borough Fire Insurance Company. Mr. Hoagland is a liberal supporter of church and school interests, and a promoter of all worthy local enterprises. His wife is a member of the church. business for himself his short life was spent as a farmer in his native township. In 1874, finding his health failing, he visited South Carolina, where he ABRAHAM VAN DOEEN" STAATS. Abraham Van Doren Staats, son of John P. and Joanna M. (Van Doren) Staats, was born at Millstone, N. J., July 4, 1836. He received a good common- school education, and through life was fond of read- ing and study. At the age of twenty he united with the Reformed Church at Millstone, and subsequently officiated as deacon. He was a young man of correct habits, and in all the relations of life fulfilled the full duties of the citizen. He was decided and positive in his opinions, and possessed force and energy to accomplish whatever he undertook. After he began ^.K /-P~ vfez::?^ spent the winter, and returned apparently invigo- rated, but his disease relaxed only to obtain a surer footing, and he died May 22, 1875. His wife, Matilda, is a daughter of Rynier S. and Jane (Wilson) Merrell, of Hillsborough township. She was born April 20, 1838, and has three children, — Maria Louisa, William, and John P. F K A N" K L I N; GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. This town forms the southeast corner of Somerset County. It is of a triangular shape, and is hounded as follows: Northeast by the Raritan River, which separates it irom the town of Piscataway, in Middlesex County, and One Mile Run, which separates it from the city of New Brunswick; southeast by North Brunswick and South Brunswick townships, both in Middlesex County; west by the Millstone River, ► By Kev. E. T. Corwin, D,D. which separates it from the townships of Hillsborough and Montgomery. On the northwest the Raritan washes the township for about two miles, separating it from Bridgewater, and the southwestern corner of the township is also separated by Millstone River from Princeton township, in Mercer County. The town- ship contains 322 farms, and its superficial area is 31,610 acres, or 49.39 square miles. Its population, as given in the census of 1880, is 3819. The surface is level or gently undulating, except where Ten-Mile Run Mountain reaches an elevation FRANKLIN. 803 of 355 feet and stretches across the southern point of the township, which is here about three miles wide. The streams lying wholly in its limits are all small. The northeastern part is drained by a series of gullies running northeast towards the Earitan. The other streams of the township, which are quite numerous, flow westerly into the Millstone Eiver. Of these, Six-Mile Eun is the chief; it is fed by numerous rivulets between Voorhees Station and Franklin Park. Ten-Mile Run rises in the mountain of that name, and by a northeasterly course of two miles, and a northwesterly course of three, falls into the Millstone below Griggstown. The Millstone washes the western border of this town for about fifteen miles by the course of the river. Its sources are in Millstone township, Monmouth Co., and its length is about thirty-five miles. LAND TITLES AND SETTLEMENTS. Of the twenty-four proprietors, Eobert West, Thomas Willox,* and Edward Byllinge had dividends of land set off to them in the bounds of the present township of Franklin. It was under these that this town began to be settled. The southwestern part was thrown into West Jersey by Lawrence's line of 1743. Some of the early titles are therefore to be sought at Burlington, as well as at Amboy, New Brunswick, and Somerville. The year before the proprietors be- gan to operate, John Inians & Co. purchased of the Indians, for the benefit of Lady Elizabeth Carteret, " the present lady-proprietrix of the province," a tract of land called Ahanderhamock by the Indians. It lay upon the south side of the Earitan, and extended from Bound Brook to Lawrence's Brook, and took in about one-third of Franklin -township. Nov. 10, 1681, John Inians,t one of this company, and a merchant of New York, purchased a portion of this tract containing 1280 acres, bounded on the northeast by the Earitan Eiver, on the west by An- drew Bowne, southeast and southwest by laud not yet surveyed. The Earitan lots immediately north of Inians' patent contained each 500 acres. Each had nearly half a mile of river-front, and extended back about two miles. In 1681 they were owned by Andrew Bowne, Eichard Jones, George Foreman, Joseph Snelling, Andrew Gibbs, Gershom Brown, Jeremiah Tuthill, Joseph Benbrigge, Thomas Matthew, and Ed- ward Gibbon; but in four years, showing the rapid changes or the speculation in land, these had all changed owners, t The last one of these lots, having its face on the Earitan immediately below Bound Brook, and with • Also spelled Willocka. t John Inians, of Raritan BlYer, was appointed a member of Gfovernor Hamilton's Conncil on Sept. 14, 1692. Nothing is known of his place of residence or his history, but that he was a very extensive purchaser of lands and a man of great wealth for the times are inferred from his large transactions found on the records of proprietors at Amboy and volumes of deeds at Trenton. His large plot was subsequently purchased by Philip French. X See Heed's map of 1685. the adjoining plot in the south, belonged to William^ Dockwra. Behind these, facing the Millstone, were two lots reaching some distance above Weston, the lower, containing 800 acres, belonging to George Willocks, and the upper, containing 500, belonging to. William Dockwra. These three lots of Dockwra and the one of Willocks represent that part of Franklin which was set off to Somerset County in 1688. It becomes not a little difficult, if not impossible, to harmonize the subsequent sales in the centre of Franklin township and those on the east side of the Millstone. Indian and proprietary deeds came in conflict, and the same land was sold by different par- ties. Sept. 1, 1694, the proprietors sold to Daniel Cox, of London, one of their fellow-proprietors, the great quadrangular plot lying east of the Middlebush road, stretching from the Earitan lots to beyond Ten-Mile Eun, and extending some distance into the present Middlesex County.? It appears from this deed that, previous to 1694, Daniel Cox had bought a large plot between the Middlebush road and the Millstone Eiver, but we have not met with the record of it. But soon after we find all the land between the Mid- dlebush road on the east, the Amwell road as it lies near Middlebush church, and the extension of the course of that piece of road to the present farm of Mr. Cropsey on the north and the Millstone Eiver oh the west, deeded in two large plots to John Harrison and George Willocks, and the still larger plot which was deeded to Daniel Cox, as above described, now deeded to Harrison and Willocks also. The first tract extended from the present farm of G. W. Cropsey almost to Griggstown, and back to the Middlebush road; the second extended from a little north of Griggstown to a point opposite Eocky Hill, and east to a line protracted on the course of the Middlebush road ; while the third embraced the rest of Franklin township except the Earitan lots; and extended some distance into Middlesex County. These three tracts are described in Amboy Eecords, Lib. G, p. 314, etc. In 1701 a Dutch company from Long Island bought from John Harrison a tract of 10,000 acres in the heart of Franklin township. The company consisted of Peter Cortelyou, Stoffel Probasco, Theodore ToV hemus, Hendrick Lott, Hendrick Hendricks, Jacques Cortelyou, Denis Tunis, and Cornelius Wyckoff. The plot extended from the Earitan lots on the north to a line running east and west near Six-Mile Eiin, and from the Millstone Eiver on the west to the Indian path on the east. It was divided into eight parts and numbered, commencing at the rear of the Earitan lots. No. 1 was on the north side of the Amwell road; No. 2, where the village of Middlebush is; No. 5, where Jacob Wyckoff lives ; No. 8, where Peter s'tothoff, Moore Baker, and J. Staats Nevius reside, The lines run fi'om the Indian path in a westerly di- rection across to the Millstone Eiver, making eight g Perth Amboy Records, Lib. E, p. 366. 804 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. divisions. A line was also run from the rear of the Earitan lots in a southerly course to the distance of eight miles, ending on Eocky Hill in the neighborhood of Upper Ten-Mile Eun. This was called the " Middle Line," and on it was laid the road from the present Middlebush church to the Griggstown road, which passes by Garret Neviua. This last-mentioned line divided the tract into sixteen parts, and was settled upon principally by the purchasers or their descend- ants. In 1723, Christian Van Doren bought a plot con- taining 359 acres north of the Middlebush church. This tract is now divided into seven farms. Some time before 1764, John Hoagland had bought 176 acres on the east side of the Millstone Eiver, as in that year he bought another plot, at the southeast corner of the first plot, containing 40 acres, of John Lott, of Long Island ; he paid for this £200. On the south of John Hoagland's land, in 1791, were lands of John and Cornelius Wyckoff ; while east of the 40-acre plot was land of John Wyckoff; on the north was land of John Van Liew ; and next, to the river, land of John Bennett. In 1791 the executors of John Hoagland — Wil- liam and John Hoagland, of Somerset, and Garret Terhune, of Middlesex — sold both these plots to Tunis Hoagland. The widow of John was Matje Hoagland, who gave a quit-claim on her husband's estate March 9, 1791. Tunis paid £1370 14s. for the two plots, containing 216 acres. EAKLT SETTLERS, PIONEER FAMILIES, Etc. These early patentees or land-owners did not by any means always settle on the tracts which they pur- chased. Some of them were never in America. The follovring family histories are herewith appended, and show the settlement and development of the actual population. They are largely condensed from the family histories collected by the late Hon. Ralph Voorhees, of Middlebush, and published in " Our Home" in 1873, and in the New Brunswick Fredonian in 1874r-78 : Od both sides of the Indian path settlements must have commeDced lis early as 1703, when John Van Houten, Tunis Quick, and Dollies Hage- man, of Ten-Mile Run, Frederick "Van Liew, Jacob and Abm. Bennet, and others of Three-Mile Run, signed a subscription for the purpose of catling a minister from Holland to supply the congregation of Three- Hlle Run, In 1701, John Harrison and George Willocks owned a tract, which had been purchased from the Indians, commencing at or near Rocky Hill, at the Millstone River, running east-southeast 2 miles; then easterly 3^ miles to a point opposite the bouse of the late Samuel Steward ; then northwesterly to the Raritan lots, and following in their rear to the Mill- Btone River, and from thence up said river to place of beginning, contain- ing 17,800 acres. The 5-mile line commencing at Steward's and running \o the rear of the river-lots Is the one of which our parents used to speak BO frequently half a century since as causing much violent contention and litigation. It was settled by a jury summoned for that purpose, and was thereafter called the Jury-Line. - John Harrison was an early settler at Rocky Hill, and in 1717 built the first mill on the Millstone in that place. It stood on the east side of the river, near the present one on the opposite side. It is supposed that he resided where the old Berrian house stands, in which Gen. Washing- ton wrote his Farewell Address. Harrison came from Long Island, and was noted for his enterprise and activity; he held numerous and import- ant offices, and was captain and commissai-y of a company of troops sent in 1709 by the provincial government to defend our northern borders from the encroachments of the French. He owned a lot at Somerset Court-house in 1723, when at Six-Mile Run, and died at Amboy in the same year. A certain Grace Harrison was assessed for an acre of land in 1735, lo- cated in the township of Franklin, at Rocky Hill. Francis Harrison, supposed to be one of John's sons, succeeded him at Rocky Hill. He was an excellent writer, and a coroner in Somerset County in 1729. In the same year he circulated a subscription from Rocky Hill down the old path to the Raritan, and on both sides of the river to Bound Brook, obtaining subscribers to it, to raise money for the purpose of calling a minister from Holland for the congregation of Three- Mile Run, of which he seems to have been an active supporter. His father was an Episcopalian. Francis appears to have had a son John, who in Rev. John Frelinghuysen's time (1752) was a supporter of the old church of Six-Mile Run while it was located at the brook. The old Indian path ran through the whole of the upper and a part of the lower soction of the Harrison tract. THE HAGEMAN FAMILY. As early aa 1703, Dollies, Denice, Adrian, and Jacobus Hagemen, grand- sons of Aaron* the emigrant, appear to have located at Six-Mile Run and its vicinity. Adrian married Maria, a daughter of John Yleet, whose lands joined his on the north, purchased land, and built a house where John Garretaon resides, on the Somerset side of the old path. He had sons — Hendrick, Adrian, Joseph, Simon, Jacobus, and Benjamin — and daughters, — Gaertie, who married John Manley ; Mary, Adrian Hageman ; and Catharine, Samuel Waldron. He was buried about 300 yards west of his dwelling, along the line between his and the oldStryker property, where his wife, Mary, and others of the family were also buried. In his will, proved July 27, 1762, he left his real estate to his sons Ben- jamin and Simon, — to Benjamin, the parts on which the buildings were ; to Simon, that part where Henry P. Cortelyou now lives. Benjamin's first wife's name was Sarah, and they lived on the home- stead. His children were Mary, who married Jacob Skillman; Jane, Cornelius "Waldron ; and Gertrude, John P. Nevius, who removed to Wes- tern New York ; A dria'n, who married Frances Wyckoff and lived and died at Six-Mile Bun; Benjamin (2d), who married Lena Garretson, of Middlebush. Simon married Ida Suydam and moved to Ohio ; William had three wives, and lived and died at Three-Mile Run; Isaac married Maria Van Derveer, and lived and died at Harlingen ; Peter married Nancy Suydam, lived, owned, and died on the homestead. He had three children, — Sarah, who lived and died single; Benjamin, who moved to Dayton, Ohio, and married there. He was captain of a rifle company raised in Franklin township, and was a brave officer. He was afterwards appointed major of the Second Battalion, Third Regiment, of Somerset Brigade, commanded by Col. Barcalow. Adrian, the first settler, was succeeded on the homestead by his son Benjamin, he by his son Peter, he by Abraham Bodine, he by Hoppock, who enlarged and remodeled the old house, and he by John Garretson, who owns and has resided on the property for about twenty years. The farm of ex-Sheriff Voorhees, lying in the rear of the homestead, extending to the Middlebush road, and first settled on by Ryke Suydam, then containing 168 acres, was a part of the original Hageman tract. In 1766, Simon, the son of Adrian, lived In a house built on bis half of the old tract, on the site now occupied by Henry P. Cortelyou. Although singular, nothing further has been traced connected with his family or his children. He was succeeded on the place by Benjamin (2d), son of Benjamin (1st), who married Lena Garretson, of Middlebush, and who resided on it until his death. He was succeeded by Dr. Wilkins, who built a new house thereon ; he by Henry P. Cortelyou, now residing on the property, who enlarged the house, improved the outbuildings, and made many other important changes, among which is the large and beautiful lawn with its many green trees, from which it has been very appropriately named " Greenlawn Farm." Aaron Hh geman came in possession, and owned for a time the rear parts of the tract which eictended ta the Middlebush road, and built on it. It is now owned by Abraham Voorhees, president of the State Bank, at New Brunswick. Henry Bound owned and lived on a pa^rt lying near the middle of the old tract, which has had the following owners : Adrian * Aaron Hageman and Catharine, his wife, came from Holland, resided in New Amsterdam a short time, and then settled at Flatbush in 1661, He died in 1672. 'X^P'T'^nyUy^ DoLis or DoUius, Nyse or Denyse, Adrian, and Jacobus Hegeman, of the Rnritans and vicinity of New Brunswick in 1703, were sons of Denyse and Liurstia Hegeman, of Flatbush, and grandsons of Adrian, the emigrant, who came over in 1650 or 1651 and settled in Flatbush. The subject of this sketch is a grandson of Benja- min Hegeman, and a great-grandson of Adrian Hege- man, who served in the Revolutionary war. The former occupied the old homestead of the family at Six-Mile Run, where John Garretson now resides. His first wife, Gertrude, bore him five sons and three • daughters. The sons were Adrian, Benjamin, Peter, Simon, and William. Ann died aged eighteen ; Mary married Jacob Skillman ; and Jane, Cornelius Waldron. For a second wife he married the widow Sarah Brown, and had a son, Isaac, and a daughter, Gertrude, who married John Nevius. He died June 14, 1804, over seventy-three years of age, and was buried on his own farm. His first wife died Feb. 6, 1777. Benjamin, father of our subject, was born on the old homestead in 1762. He married Magdalene, daughter of Bernardus and Leah Garretson, in 1809, and had two sons, Bernardus G., born Jan. 5, 1810, died April 14, 1864, unmarried, and Benjamin B. Mr. Hageman died Feb. 15, 1829, aged sixty-seven. His wife died April 19, 1S14, aged forty years five months and twenty-four days. Benjamin B. Hageman was born on the north- eastern half of the old homestead, where Henry P. Cortelyou now resides, March 2, 1812. When two years of age his mother died, and he was taken to the old Garretson homestead at Middlebush, where he now resides, and which has been in the possession of the descendants of that family since Feb. 14, 1756. He grew up on the farm and attended the common schools of his day. In February, 1845, he married Jane Ann, daughter of Samuel V. T. and Catherine (Smith) Van Wickle, of Middlesex County, and for sixteen years engaged in farming operations near Somerville. March 20, 1861, he returned to the Garretson homestead in Franklin township, erecting his attractive residence the same year. His barns were built in 1876-77. Mr. Hageman is of a quiet and unostentatious temperament, and, while he has always taken a deep interest in events transpiring around him, he has kept aloof from the strifes and contentions of public life. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Reformed Church of Middlebush. He is recognized as a man of integrity in all the relations of life, and enjoys the confidence and respect of all. His chil- dren are Garretson, a graduate of Rutgers College in 1868, residing on the home farm, engaged in survey- ing and civil engineering and notary ; and Samuel Van Wickle, born July 13, 1853, and died March 25, 1S78, a graduate of Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1874. i FRANKLIN. .805 ^Ist), his son Simon, Benjamin (2d), Abraham Yoorheea, Henry- Bound, and Henry P. Cortelyou, now residing on the homestead part. HENDBICK FISHER.. Hendrick Fisher was- born in 1697, in the Palatinate, and emigrated to this country as a young man. He was received into the church In 1721, and was soon appointed a deacon, then an elder, and con- tinued an ardent friend of Bev. T. J. FreliEghuysen until his death. A mechanic by trade, he was yet a man of more than ordinary intel- ligence and capacity for business. In civil life he was one of the most influential men of bis day. When, on motion of the legislative bodies of Mafisachusetts andBhode Island, a congress was called to meet in New York on the first Tuesday of October, 1765, Hendrick Fiaher was one of the three men whom New Jersey sent. He continued to represent New Jersey in Congress until the Declaration of Independence. He re- sided below Bound Brook, on the south side of the river, and the home- stead is now owned by Abraham I. Brokaw. His remains rest in a family graveyard on his farm, where a plain slab bears the following inscription: "In memory of Hendrick Fisher, who departed this life Au- gust 16th, 1779, in the 82nd year of his age."* " Inventory of the goods and chatties of the Estate of Hendrik Fisher, deed, taken by the British. Army in the months of Dec, 1776, and on the 13th of April, 1777, brought in by Jeremiah Fi8her,f Executor of the estate of said Hend. Fisher; £ B. d. To 8 milch cows 40 " Cash taken out of the house 45 " 2 Bulls, four years old 7 " 1 Steer, five " 4 Heifers, three " " 6 Steers, two " " 5 " one year 6 , 12 . 11 5 6 15 _ milch calves 1 10 " 3 large hogs, weighing about 200 pounds each.. 6 10 " 3 steers, three years old 5 10 0" THE SCHENCK FAMILY. The Schencks along the Karitan are descended from .Johannes (John), who came to this county about 1683. He had five children, who grew up and were married, — two sons and three daughtei-s, — as follows: 1. Su- sannah, who married Johannes Johnson; 2. Johannes, born April 30, 1691, died April 1, 1729 ; 3. Peter, married Elizabeth , lived at New- town, died about 1737 ; 4. Margaretta, married John Stryker, died August, 1721 ; 5. Cornelia, married Charles Derje. Of the sons, Johannes mar- Tied Maria I/ott and had children,- Johannes, bom Oct. 26, 1715, died 1777 ; Hendrick, born July 15, 1717, died about January, 1767 ; Abraham, bom Aug. 6, 1720, died 1790; Peter, bom March 27,1722; Cornelius, born Jan. 27, 1724, died Nov. 15, 1744 ; Catherine, born Jan. 14, 1728, died April 9, 1793. Of the children just named, Catherine married her cousin, Theunis Schenck, son of her father's brother Peter, and they lived on the old homestead of their great-grandfather at Bushwick, and had a family of eight sons and four daughters. Isaac, it appears, followed the seas, and probably died young; at least, he left no descendants as far as has been discovered. Cornelius married Abigeltie Lefierta and had a daughter Maria, who died when about twenty. The other four brotherB all settled, or at least lived for a time, along the Earitan and Millstone Rivera, at what precise dates we are un- able to state, but prwbably when young men. They were there married and settled in Ufe from 1735 t» 1745. One account states that the mill next above Millstone (long called Blackwell's) was owned by the Schencks as early as 1730. If so, it must have been by the father of these brothers, as another account, of 1745, speaks of them as "the newly-erected mills of Hendrick Schenck." Johannes married, Oct. 25, 1746, Neltie Remsen, of Long Island, settled at what is now called Branchville, and had there a farm, mill, and store. He had but one son, John, born Aug. 3, 1748, died at Baritan Landing, Aug. 17, 1784. This John had again but one son, the late John J., of Branchville, and grandfather of the late Bev. John V. N. Schenck. who died ^t Pompton Plains in October, 1871, and with whom this branch in the male line has become extinct. Hendrick married Magdalena Van Liew,-of Middlebush, lived at Mill- stone, or Weston, and had a store and mill. He died about Jan. 1, 1767, and left three sons and five daughtera.-John H., Henry, Abraham, Mary, Catharine, Gertrude, Letitia, and Magdalena. John H. was a colo- nel in the Bevolutionary army, and married, first, Sarah Denton; of New- berg, and, second, Jane Schenck (or Widow Conover), of Monmouth; Henry H., the doctor, of Neshanic, married Nellie Hardenburgh, and was .captain of a troop of light-horse and surgeon during the Revolution; Abraham married Eva Van Buren, of Millstone, daughter of Dr, Abra^ ham Van Buren ; Mary married Dr. Lawrence Van Derveer, of Boyce- field; Catherine married Elias Van Derveer, father of Dr. Henry Van Derveer, of Vanderstadt, near Pluckamin, whose will was the subr ject of so much litigation in the courts of this State; Gertrude married Gen. Frederick Frelinghuysen ; Letitia married Judge Israel Harris, who was at one time the owner of the mill at Weston; Magdalena mar- ried Dr. Peter I. Stryker. Abraham, the brother of Hendrick, married Elsie Van Devoort, and lived at Millstone until 1748, when he removed to Bnshwick, then to Fishkill, and died there. He had fifteen children, — six sons and nine daughters; several died young, and some others were unmarried. One of these sons was Henry, the father of Abraham H. and grandfather of the late Rev. George Schenck, of Bedminster. Peter married Maria Vulkerson, lived near Millstone, and probably owned both the mills at Weston and Blackwell's, at which last place he kept a Btore. He was one of the first elders of the church of Millstone, in 1766, also a member of the Provincial CoDgress. He had three children. A son, John P., married a Miss Loure, and had a daughter, Maria, who died unmarried. Of the daughters, Mary married Archibald Mercer, of New York, and Gertrude married a Mr. Tyson, of St. Kitts. Archibald Mer- cer owned and conducted the mills after the decease of his father-in-law, about 1800. His daughter, Gertrude, married Gen. John Frelinghuysen; Charlotte married Theodore Frelinghuysen, president of Rutgers Col- lege, where she last lived, and died in April, 1854. Martin Schenck, born Feb. 18, 1738, married, firat, June 7, 1760, Mari^ Conover, of New Utrecht, and second, Henrietta Van Sinderen, of Long Island. Maria was horn Oct. 28, 1743. Her children were John, horn March 28, 1761; Ann, born Jan. 1, 1763, married John M. Bogart; Gar- ret, horn April 12, 1765, married Catharine Garretson ; Phebe, born Feb. 12, 1767, married John Garretson ; Martin, born May 9, 1770, married Margaret, daughter of Ferdinand Schureman, and lived at Millstone; Sarah, who married, first, Aaron Van Deventer, of Bound Brook, and second, Joseph Van Doren, of Middlebush ; Ellen, who married Joseph Annin; and Mary Ann, who married Henry Wilson, a highly esteemed citizen of this county. The sheriff had by his second wife one child, horn March 14, 1808, named Ulpean Van Sinderen, who died at fourteen. Sheriff Martin had a brother, Johannes, who married, first, Jane Still- well (whose daughter, Sarah J., married Isaac Brokaw, of Bound Brook), and second, Ann De Qroot. Opposite the house of Daniel D. Stelle, and on the Somerset side of the old road, in 1766, was a tavern kept by Adrian Manley, afterwards by a Mershon, and lastly by a Widow Selover. About 1810 the proper^ was purchased by Dr. Ferdinand S. Schenck,! who purchased adjoining lands until he obtained a good-sized farm. In 1818 he took down the old tavern-house, in which he had resided, and built the one in which Daniel D. Stelle now resides, with the outbuildings. The doctor a short time before hie death enlarged and modernized the dwelling-house and brought ■it to the condition in which it is now seen. THE DE HART FAMILY. Among the early settlers along the old Indian path was Cornelius De Hart, a son of Simon De Hart, of French origin, who came to this country in 1664, and bought prior to 1673 a farm of about 300 acres at Gowanus, L. I. He had sons,— Simon, who remained there ; Elyas, who settled in Monmouth Co., N. J.,— also a grandson, Cornelius, who in 1720 settled at Six-Mile Bun, Middlesex Co., N. J. Corneliuspurchaaed of the Indians 210 acres of land, but was compelled to repurchase it from the proprietors, paying twice, therefore, for the same property. He had sons and several daughters; some of his sons died early. His sons who survived were Cornelius, Guisbert, and Abra^ ham. After the death of the father, Cornelius owned and lived on the one-third part of the land now in the possession of Charles Dunham. Guisbert and Abraham had the remaining part, and lived in the house which the father erected, and to which additions and improvements have been made; it is the one in which John S. Voorhees and family reside. One of his daughters, Sarah, married Boeloff Voorhees, grandfather of Abram D., of Adam's Station. Another daughter, Ann, married Jacobus De Hart. * See Dr. Steele's " Historical Discourse," Dr. Messler's " Historical -Notes." Oorwin'8 " MUlstone Centennial," and p. 636 of this work. ■j- Son of Hendrick. t See biographic account in chapter on the " Medical Profession of Somerset County," in this work. 806» SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Cornelius located in the woods at the upper forks of the Six -Mile Kun. He was a euccessful deer-hunter, and his large shot-gun, nearly eight feet long, hoB been preserved in the family. With his near neighbors, Simon "Wyckoff, John Vleet, and Adrian Hageman, he signed the paper con- taining the complaint against the Rev. T. J. Frelinghuyaen. They be- longed to the party in the church called the Conferentie, Guisbert never married, and lived with bis brother Abraham until his decease. Abraham owned at his death 376 acres, besides 111 at Law- rence's Brook. He married Sarah Van Cleef, daughter of John Van Cleef, Sr., and died Aug. 21, 1832, in his seventy-fourth year. Sarah survived him, and died Oot. 7, 1844, in her eighty -seventh year. Their children were John, who married Anna Ayers, and died May 13, 1819, in his twenty-sixth year; Cornelius, who died Sept. 18, 1805, aged nine years and six months ; Moyca, born Aug. 20, 1791, died June 16, 1868, mar- Tied Peter P., son of Peter Van Doren.of Millstone, and a grandson of "Christian Van Doren, one of the first settlers of Middlebush. After the death of Abraham De Hart his heirs scld the Lawrence's Brook land of 111 acres, leaving the homestead to contain 376 acres, heing the largest old-times farm in the township. Peter P. Van Doren, the husband of Moyca, died Feb. 16, 1857, in his seventy-third year, Moyca in her seventy-sixth, after which the estate was inherited by their daughters, Margaret and Saiah Ann, who, with John S. Voorhees, the husband of Sarah, have resided on it. Adjoining the De Hart property on the north, in 1766, nearly opposite to the house of the present John W. Williamson, across the old path, was the house of John Pyatt, who appears to have married in one of the Wyckoff families. He was succeeded on the place by Rynear Merrill, :and he by Isaac Silcocks. At the commencement of the present century the old house was taken down. The name of Pyatt appears to have he- <;ome extinct in this section of the country. The Pyatt property is now owned by Frank Peunel, a house having been erected recently a few yards north of the old one, in which he resides. THE COKTELTOU FAMILY. Jacques Cortelyou (sometimes written Cortilleau) arrived in New Am- sterdam in 1651 or 1652, with Cornelius Van Werkhoven, as private tutor to his children. His wife was Neiy e Van Duyn, and both were of French extraction. His children were Jacques, Peter, Cornelius, Helena, Maria, and WilUam. Hendrick {1st), son of the second Jacques, was horn April 11, 1711, and settled on lands owned by his father in 1704, containing 300 acres, situ- -ated on the south of and adjoining the tract of 10,000 acres purchased by Peter Cortelyou and others of John Harrison in 1701. This 300-acre tract is at present included in the farms of John Baker, Jr., Daniel ■Steele, and Henry Rule, and the church and village lots extending from the main road at Six-Mile Bun to the Middlebush road. Hendrick was succeeded on the homestead by BoelofF Voorheee, who died thereon in 1811. Hendrick (2d), son of Hendrick (1st), married Antie Coerte Van Voor- hees, Aug. 3, 1731. He had twelve children, of whom Jacques, Hen- drick, and Harman lived in Franklin township. Hendrick married Sarah Stothoff and lived at Ten-Mile Run, and Harman married Catharine Van Dyke, resided at Three-Mile Run, and for some time kept a public- house in that place. Hendrick (3d), born 1761, married, first, Ann De Hart, 1787 ; second, Elizabeth Voorhees, 1795, and lived at Ten-Mile Run. Of his brothers and sisters who attained mature age, William married Maria Voorhees ; John, Ellen Voorhees; Harman, Sarah Garreteon ; Jacques, Johanna Van Tine (no issue) ; Abram, first, Dinah Garretson ; second, Johanna Polhemns; Albert, Ida Burling; Peter, Margaret Fry (no issue). Hendrick, the fourth son of Hendrick (3d), was bom Nov. 5, 1789, died 1856, married Maria Voorhees. There was a Mary next. Peter was horn in 1796, first married Mary Ann Gulick, and afterwards Julia Beekman. He resides at Ten-Mile Run. His children are Elizabeth, born 1821, first married to Van Cleef Voorjiees, then to Garret Q. Brokaw; Henry P. born 1823, married Margaret Hageman; Peter, born 1848, married to Annie Voorhees. In 1671, Capt. Jacques Cortelyou acted as one of the commissioners to settle the disputed boundary line between Bi-unswick and Newtown. He was also the surveyor on that occasion. His sons Jacques and Peter were "also prominent land-purveyors. Jacques (2d or 3d) surveyed the Harri- son tract in 1703, and received from the company as compensation a tract of 280 acres extending from the Middlebush road to the Millstone River adjoining the Six-Mile Brook, and on a part of which John J. Voorhees now resides. Jacques (1st) is represented as having been somewhat sin- gular and eccentric in his ways. The Cortelyou families in this section have been uniformly distin- guished for industry, economy, peaceful demeanor as citizens, and their friendship to the prosperity of the Chui'ch and her institutions. THE SUTDAM FAMILY. Among the many adventurers from Holland to seek a home in the wilds of New Netherlands were Abrm. Guysbert and Rynear and Hen- drick Rycken, from whom the Ryker and Snydajn families in New York and other States have descended, Hendrick Byckeu came from Holland in 1663 and located in the suburbs of New Amsterdam, remained there for some time, and then removed to Flatbush. He acquired a large es- tate, and died iu 1701. In about 1710 his children adopted the name of Suydam. His son Jacob was born in 1666, and married Syche Jacobs. He died in 1738, aged seventy-one. His eon Ryke removed to Six-Mile Run, Somerset Co., N. J., about 1728, and settled on 158 acres of land on the western corner of lot No. 7, which he received in exchange for about the same number of acres which he purchased of Joost Schomp, lying opposite to it, and along the path on which Adrian Hageman built, lived, and died. Ryke died in 1798, aged ninety-five; his children were Peter, Jacobus, Abram, Isaac, Ryke, Mary, and Ida, of whom Peter (Ist) in 1743 purchased a lot of land of Peter Southard and built a house thereon, standing in 1766 across the road and nearly opposite to where John Gar- retson, Sr., now resides. It was taken down in about 1806. His first child was Ryke, who married Rachel Merrill. Their children were Peter, who married Catharine Priest, now his widow and living in New Brunswick ; Phebe, married George Van Derveer; John, married Anetie Williamson; William, married Charlotte Andrews; Ryke, a Miss Hoag- land ; Sarah, married John T. Davis ; Cornelia, Garret Garretson. Lawrence, son of Peter (1st), married Abbey Fry, and lived about 300 yards farther up the road, in the house where John Garretson, Jr., now lives, and which in 1766 was occupied, according to the map, by John S\iy- dam, of whom nothing further is known. Lawrence, during a thunder- show^er, while standing in the door of his house, was struck dead by lightning. He had ten children, — Phebe, who married Samuel Gulick; Ann, married Cornelius Van Liew; Veter L., married, first, Mary Oakey» second, widow of David Nevius, both deceased (he died in 1876, aged eighty) ; John S., married, first, a daughter of John Elbertson, of Griggs- town, second, Cornelia, daughter of Dr. James S. Cannon ; William, mar- ried Cornelia, daughter of Garret Polhemus, of Middlebush, lived and died there, both deceased ; Abram, a successful merchant in J^fiw Bruns- wick, and while president of the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of that city cruelly murdered by Peter Robinson, who was tried, convicted, and executed April 16, 1841; Isaac, died unmarried; Jacob, died young; Catharine Sarah, married Henry Snyder (he survived her and lives at Six-Mile Run); Maria, married Henry Bound, lived at Six-Mile Run, both deceased. Peter, son of Peter (1st), married Jane Cox, and lived and died at Three-Mile Run. Of Abram, son of Peter (1st), nothing is known. Ann, daughter of Peter (1st), married William Williamson, of Three-Mile Run. He was an elder in the church of Six-Mile Bun. They had nine children,— Wil- liam, who married Williamson, lived and died in New Brunswick ; Phebe, married John. Eodgers, and lived and died at Six-Mile Bun (no children) ; Isaac, married Ida Van Tine, and lived and died at Three- Mile Bun ; Peter (nothing known) ; Anetie, or Agnes, married John Suydam. Their children were William, died young; Eyke, married Elizabeth Davidson; Peter, married Sarah French, who survives him; Lawrence, unmanied ; Abram, married Eliza Scott, who survives him and lives at Franklin Park; Lowe, or Lawrence, went to Illinois, and died there unmarried ; Jane, lived and died unmarried ; Sarah, married John Scott, of Six-Mile Run, moved to and lives in Western New York. The road leading from the union school-house of Three-Mile Run to George's road was settled originally by the Williamsons and Suydams. From the intermarriages which have taken place between their descend- ants, it has been called " Cousins' Lane." THE BARCALOW FAMILY. In 1766, on the south side of the road leading from Six-Mile Bun to Kingston, and between the Nine- and Ten-Mile Runs, is located, ton the surveyor's map, the house of Daniel Barcalow. William Jans Van Barkelo emigrated at an early period from Zntphen, in Guilderland, and finally settled in Flatlands, L. I. About the com- mencement of the last century a young married couple, each mounted on a pony, with perhaps a pack-horse or two, started from Long Island on an exploring expedition in New Jersey in search of a new home. After crossing the Baritan at the fording place at New Brunswick, they followed the road laid on the old Indian path towards the Delaware. They crossed a stream called by the whites and Indians Nine-Mile Eun. FRANKLIN. .807 They there resorted to a green, shady epot, where they rested theEnBelves and their animals, which to them was so inviting that here they located, built a house, and settled for life. Some of their descendants have suc- ceeded them on the property down to the present day. The young couple ■were Conrad Barkelow (son of William Jans Yan Barkelu, before men- tioned) and his wife. The number of their children is not known. Conrad's son, Daniel, succeeded him on the homestead and reared a large family. His sons were Farrington, William, Cornelius, and Chria- toffel; the daughters were Catharine, Elizabeth, Ann, and Kebecca. They were models of sobriety, industry, economy, and perseverance. Daniers son, John, lived many years at Dayton, He was a man of business and much respected. He had children and died there. Farring- ton lived for many years at Rhode Hall. ChrlstofTel manied a Miss Beekman, of Harlingen, lived some years in Middlebush, and moved to Basking Bidge. He had children and died there. Elizabeth, one of the daughters, married Henry Van Dyke ; they lived and died at Mapleton. Ann married Simon Duryea, of Blawenburg, and left no children. Catharine married Moses Whitlock and had many children. Rebecca, the youngest, married William Swaim, and had two children. There was a Dirck Barkelo and Janetie Van Arsdale, his wife, who settled on the Baritan in 1717. In 1745 there were a Daniel and a Far- rington Barcalow living along the east side of the Millstone Biver, about half a mile or more above Blackwell's. One of them married a daughter of Abraham Voorhees, of Middlebush, who owned 300 acres and was one of the first settlers along that part of the Six-Mile Bun, lying on both aides of it. After the death of Voorhees, the son-in-law, Daniel or Far- rington,* came into the possession of that part lying next to the river, containing about 150 acres of land. Col. Fanington and Cornelius Bar- calow, who lived in Middlebush, were the children of either Daniel or Farrington. Cornelius had no descendants, moved to the West late in life, and died there. Farrington the colonel was noted for his military talents, had a large family of children, of which Widow Ellen Shaw, George Washington, and ComeUus are living at East Millstone, and Jemima, widow of John King, at Spring Lake, IlL Culver Barcalow, son of William Barcalow, and grandson of the colonel, lives at Somerville. THE WTCKOFF FAMILY. Peter Claes Wyckoff came from Holland in 1636; he bought land at Flatbnsh, L. I. In 1653 he superintended the farm and stock of Director Stuyvesant. He was a magistrate in Flatbush in 1655, 1658, 1662, and i663. His wife was Grietje, daughter of Hendrick Van Ness. One of his sons, Cornelius Preterse Wyckoff, married Gertrude Simons, davighter of Simon Van Arsdalen, Oct. 13, 1678. He was one of the Dutch company which purchased 10,000 acres at Middlebush in 1701. The deed for his share of the land, given by his partners, bears date June 1, 1703, and conveys 1200 acres lying across the central part of the township from the county line at Three-Mile Run to the Millstone Biver. Tradition says he had eight sons, four of whom he settled on these lands, each having 300 acres. Their names were John, Peter, Simon, and Jacob. John had his home in Middlebush, where Samuel Garretson now lives, and his oldest son, Cornelius, was born there, being the first child born in the settlement. John had six children,— four sons and two daughters. Corneliufl, the eldest, kept the homestead, which remained in his family until 1800. John, the second son, built along the Millstone on the rear of the farm. It has remained in the family, William Wyckofi; one of his descendants, now living thereon, in an elegant building erected by him in 1872. Simon settled at Three-Mile Bun. John Vliet, Jr., a son of the owner of the adjoining tract, married one of his daughters, and upon the death of their parents a part of the farm of Simon was united to that of VUet. After the death of John Vliet, Jr., his widow held the prop- erty; she -afterwards married John Van Cleef. They remained upon the farm, and after their death their son, John Van Cleef, Jr., bought the tract where his grandson, Balph Voorhees, Jr., recently lived. The sons of Simon setUed in the neighborhood of White House, and have become a numerous family. Jacob settled at Three-Mile Bun also. He died quite young, leaving two sons, Cornelius and Jacob. They inherited his lands, Cornelius Uving where Abm. J. Suydam now lives. He died young, leaving one daughter, Ida, who married Denice Van Liew and lived upon the property. It remained in the family until 1850 or 1851. * In the old baptismal book of the congregation of Six-Mile Bun we find that, in 1756, Isaac Voorhees and his wife, Helena Barcalow. had a child baptized (when the church was at the brook) named David. She was doubtless a granddaughter of Conrad, the first settler, and the mother of David, the brave Bevolutionary soldier, and father of Ira C. Voorhees now residing in New Brunswick. Jacob, Jr., took the homestead of his father. He left three daughters, who inherited his lands. Frances, wife of Aaron Hageman, had the homestead, which is still held by her heirs. Peter settled at Middlebush, where he lived and died. He left six sons and foar daughters. His oldest son, Cornelius, settled below New Brunswick, and is the ancestor of the Wyckofis in that vicinity. Aurt, or Arthur, and John settled at or near Cranberry, and founded the families of that name around there. Peter, Jr., left two daughters. Jacob left no children. Simon, the fifth son, after his father's death, bought the farm, living where his father did. Simon left four sons, the eldest of whom, Christian, settled west of Albany, N. T. The second son, Peter, lived in New York, and his de- scendants now live at Brooklyn. The two younger sons, Jacob and Simon, upon the death of their father, bought the farm, Jacob taking the rear, and building where his son, Cornelius W., now lives, and Simon taking the homestead, where he lived, and which at his death was pur- chased by his son, Jacob, now living thereon. His brother, Simon, re- sides at Fairview, HI., Joseph on a farm at Woodhull, Mich., and Chris- tian at Lamington, Somerset Co., N. J. The Cornelius above alluded to, who was the first white child bom at Middlebush, was afi"ected with a severe rheumatiflm, which caused him much stiffness and pain. He had a friendly Indian living in front of his residence, across the road and brook, in a little hut. This Indian told Cornelius at a certain time that he "looked very bad, and if he did not get help soon he would live but a short time." " What can I do for it?" asked Wyckoff. "I think I can cure you," said the Indian. At length he submitted to the Indian's course of treatment, who took his patient to a little sod structure built in the side of a hill by a pond of water, where he applied the means necessary to produce an extraordinary perspiration. He then cut a hole in the ice of the brook, and into this Wyckoflf was plunged. The Indian now brought him out, wrapped him up in a blan- ket, carried him to the house, put him to bed, and then heaped blankets over him until, as it was told, "the pei"spiration ran down the bedposts." The patient became entirely well, and lived many years afterwards. Tradition says that Mrs. Simon Wyckoff was bitten by a rattlesnake the first night she and her family were in their new house. The Indians sleeping along the brook immediately proffered their friendly aid; one of them applied their usual remedy, and she was speedily cured of the effect of the bite. Simon Wyckoff, at the brook, died in 1765. He had eight children, — viz.: John, Comehus (lived and died near the White House), Moycha, Anitie, Margaret, Grietie (married John Vliet), and a daughter (married Addis). In his will, recorded in the same year, he left his son John a silver tankard, marked with the letter W. To the daughters named and the grandchildren of Addis, the father of Capt. Simon Addis, each a negro woman and thirty pounds in money, his executors to sell his real and personal estate and divide the proceeds among his children^ his grandchildren to receive one-eighth part. Their names were John, Simon. Gaertie, and Maria. He also gives to his wife one silver tankard, marked with the letter W, and appoints his son Cornelius, and his sons- in-law, Fulkert Van Nostrand and Cornelius Van Horn, as his executors. It is supposed that John settled on that part of the tract of 400 acres where Theodore Skillman now lives, and that Jacob, who married Le- meche Stryker, was his sou, who by his will appointed Lemeche his execu- trix and, in case of her death, his son Cornelius and John Stryker to be the executors. Jacob's widow. Lemetie, married Minna Van Voorhees, of New Bruns- wick (great-grandfather of Hon. Ralph Voorhees, who died in 1878), and lived there until his death, about 1735. After the death of Minna, Le- metie returned to and resided on the farm, and was living in 1745. Jacob had three sons— Cornelius, Jacob, and Garrett^-and two daughters, — Guertie and Styntie, the wife of William Hyer. Jacob was doubtlesa the one who lived on the place in 1766, as described on the map of that date, whose daughter Anatie married a Lupardus, who succeeded his father-in-law on the place, and whose widow married David Fleet. Frances manied Aaron Hageman. The farm just described has had the following owners : Simon Wyckoff, his son John, his son Jacob, his grand- son Jacob Lupardus, David Fleet, John Skillman, and lastly Theodore Skillman, now residing thereon. Some time after the death of Simon Wyckoff the old homestead came into the possession of Jacob Wyckoff, Esq., then of Aaron and Frances Hageman, who in 1802 took the old house down and built a new one on the property, where Sarah, the widow of his son Peter, now Uvea. Aaron Hageman and Frances, bis wife, a daughter of Jacob, Esq., had eleven children. In Elm Bidge cemetery we find the tombstones of two pairs of twins ; the first died in 1785, the other in 1790. Also Aaron in the same year, aged six months ; Jacob in 1793, in his eleventh year ; Ag- nes in 1794, in her third year; Gitty, in her sixty-third year, who had. -808 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. lived BiDgle. Peter, the husband of Sarah De Hart, now living on the homeBtead, died April, 1869. Benjamin married, first, Cynthia, daughter of Peter G. Voorhees, of Middlebush, who died about 1835. He afterwards removed to Columbus, in Wisconsin, married a second time, and died there in 1860, aged eighty- two. Wyckoff married Catharine De Hart, of Ten-Mile Kun, moved to Fairview, 111., and died there about 1868, aged seventy-eight. The "Wyckoff homestead has had the following owners : Simon Wyckoff, Jacob Wyckoff, Esq., Aaron Hageman, William Williamson, John Wil- liamson, Peter Hageman. It is now owned and resided on by his widow, -Sarah Hageman, who is a daughter of John De Hart, formerly of Blaw- ©nbnrg. The farms of Mrs. Peter Hageman, Theodore Skillman, Abraham Tot- ten, and Daniel Polhemus are all parts of the original tract THE WILLIAMSON FAMILY. The first of this name was a Lawrence Williamson, who with his wife, Sarah, was a member of the Dutch Church at New Brunswick at its or- ganization, in 1717. and in which he was an elder in 1719. In what part of the congregation he lived is not known. There was also a William, an elder there in 1750. There was a Jacobus living in the neighborhood of Ten-Mile Kun in 1735, and a William in this section, who had several children baptized in the old Six-Mile Run church, at the brook, at an early date. Whether they were connected with William, whose history is here given, is not known. William Williamson may have been the elderwhowas elected in the church at New Brunswick in 1750. He was A true patriot, a captain in Col. Neilson^s regiment of State troops, an in- timate friend of den. Washington, of whom it is said that he sometimes quartered him at his house. He died in 1799, owning a large tract of land, commencing where Isaac W. Pumyea lives, at the line between lands of William A. Williamson and the late Ephraim Van Tine, and running in the old path to the line formerly of the De Harts, and extend- ing from the path to near George's road, and including a tract of 100 acres in Somerset County, containing in all about 640 acres. These lands were devised to his six children by his will made Sept. 7, 1779, and were divided by commissioners, — George Van Neste, Simon Addis, and John Stryker. The division was as follows: 1. To Isaac, born in 1759, who married Ann Van Harlingen and lived on that part of the tract now owned and resided on by William A. Wil- liamson. Isaac died in 1835, aged seventy-six; his wife, Ann, died in 1837, aged seventy-nine. 2. To William, born 1762, married Ann Suydam, lived where G. J. Rink lives. One of his sons, Abraham, married Eliza, daughter of William Scott. She has survived him, and lives in the village of Franklin Park. William's daughter, called Nettie, named after her grandmother, Ange- netie, resides with Peter S. De Hart near Elm Ridge cemetery, on land formerly owned by Capt. Williamson, and separated from the original tract by the Franklin and Georgetown turnpike. William belonged to a troop of horse in the Revolution. 3. To John, born in 1764, married, first, Maria Bennett, of Pennsylva- nia, second, Elizabeth, widow of Rem Garretson and a daughter of Hen- drick Veghten. They had nine children. .Tohn lived on that part of the Williamson tract now owned and resided on by Martin Johnson. One of his sons, William, married Catharine Lowden. William was born in 1791, and died in 1850. Catharine died in 1869, aged eighty-four. Their daugh- ter, Grertrude Ann, married John F. Babcock, of the New Brunswick I^e- donian. John, son of William and Catharine, owns and lives in the house which his father built, where he lived and died, and which was erected on the old foundation of the house in which Simon Wyckoff, one of the fii^t settlers of that section, lived and died. 4. To Antie, or Ann, born 1770, married Abraham Meserol. They lived and died on that part of the tract now owned by Abm, D. Voorhees. The old buildiogs, with their surroundings, have all disappeared, except the old well and its sweep. 5. To George, who married Ida Pumyea, daughter of Peter Pumyea, Sr., of Six -Mile Run. The 100-acre tract in Somerset County was allotted to him by the commissioners. He afterwards purchased, built, lived, and died on the property near George's road now owned by Benjamin P. Ruckman. He died inT830, aged sixty-two ; his wife, Ida, in 1842, aged seventy-six. 6. To Jane, who married John Pumyea, and who lived and died on that part of the tract where their son, William, who married Sarah Tunison, lives. John was bom in 1771, and died in 1 852 ; his wife, Jane, was born in 1780, and died in 1859, Their children were Agnes, Peter, Ida, Wil- liam, John, Ann, Isaac W., and Mary. Isaac W. Pumyea, who married Catharine Van Dyke, lives on the prop- erty formerly owned and resided on by his uncle, George Williamson, who there followed hlacksmithing previous to 1800. His shop stood across the road, on the northerly corner of his brother Isaac's land. A tradition in the Williamson family states that the captain's father's name was William and that he owned an immense tract of land, extending from the Millstone River to Lawrence's Brook, containing several thou- sand acres. THE VLEET FAMILY. Adjoining the property of Simon Wyckoff on the south was that of John Vliet. The first emigrant of the Vliet family to this country appears to have been Dircks Jans Vander Vliedt. The name has been variously written Vleet, Van Vliet, Fleet, Van Fleet, etc. He was doubtless the great ancestor of them all. Dircks Jans appears to have come from Ryleveltto New Amsterdam as one of the soldiers in the ship " Spotted Cow," in April, 1660. In April, 1663 his wife, Grietie, with two children, arrived in the same vessel, and the family settled in Flatbush. He married, first, Lyntie Aertson ; second, Grietie Van Kirken. His children were Hendrick, Jans, Maria, Gaertie, and Garret. The father, mother, and Jans (or John) were members of the Reformed Dutch Church of Flatbush in 1680. His son John waa bom in Wellen, and married, Dec. 2, 1683, Grietie Van Kirken, of Buer- raalzen, in Guilderland. He belonged to a troop of horse in Kings Co., L. I., of which Daniel Remsen was captain, and Byck Sudam lieutenant. With his father he took the oath of allegiance in 1687. In 1717 the son, John Vliet, bought of TheodorePolhemua, of Jamaica, L. I., a tract of land lying at Six-Mile Bun,* part in the county of Somer- set and a part in the county of Middlesex, commencing at the path, a few yards east of the present house of Henry P. Cortelyou, and running nearly a northeasterly course to a marked tree to the middle-line (now Middlebush) road ; then in a northerly course along the same to a marked tree in the line of Peter Cortelyou; then along his line to a marked tree at the brook, in front of the house of the present Henry Lewis, to the path; then following the same to the place of beginning; being 44 chains in width, containing 500 acres more or less, being lot No. 6 of the Harrison tract. John soon removed to and built a house on the land, about 300 yards from the path. The house stood until after the Revolution. Previous to that time a new one was built on the opposite side of the dell, which was enlarged by John Van Cleef in 1812, and is the one now occupied by Ralph Voorhees, Jr. He had six children,— viz., Gretie, John, Derrick (died young), Sarah, Rebecca, and Maria. Grietie married Simon Wyckoff, another daughter, Fulkert Van Nostrand ; and Maria, Adrian Hage- man. John married Gretie, a daughter of Simon Wyckoff. According to his will, recorded in Trenton in 1754, he ordered that his land be divided into six equal parts, and that each child have a part. To his wife Gretie he left his household goods, and they, after her death, to be equally shared by his children. After the death of John Vliet, Sr., his son John, who had purchased the brewery of his father with all that pertained to it, came into possession of the farm, and was called John the Brewer, and he, in 1736, sold the brewery for £50 to his son John the Weaver, it being the custom at that time to call men after their occupation. John the Brewer had formerly owned and resided on the farm now owned by Peter Hoagland, at Ten- Mile Bun, Middlesex Co. Nearly all the first settlers along the Indian path, from the Ford to Rocky Hill, were descendants of those who emigrated from the Nether- lands and settled on Long Island. John Vliet was the only one bom be- yond the sea. After the death of John Vliet (the first settler), his son John's wife, Gretie, the daughter of Simon Wyckoff, came in possession of the prop- erty of her father-in-law. About this time it appears that Lucas Voor- hees, or his father Jaques, purchased from the rear part of th.e farm 125 acres, on which he built the mill at the Middlebush road. The Vleet tract of 500 acres, which was purchased for £800, was then reduced to 375 acres, and remained thus for nearly a century after. John Vleet, Jr., had three children, — John, born 1745, and afterwards removed to Sussex County ; Simon, born 1747, married Ann Terhune, and lived and died at Lamington; Gretie, born 1750, married Aaron Dean. * The different streams crossing the old path gave name to the places by which they are called according to their several distances from the ford- Ing-place at the Raritan. Hence the name of Mile Run, Three-Mile Run, Six-Mile Run, Nine- and Ten-Mile Run. Except the Mile Run, the distances of the others are incorrect. The Six-Mile Bun could have been no more than five miles from the river by the path. These names were given, with their distances, by travelers and their Indian guides, doubt* less long before the places named were, settled by the whites. FRANKLIN. 809 Aflor tlio death of Joba Vleot, Jr., his widow, Grotto, married John Van Cleef, Sr. John Van Cleef, Sr., married, second, the widow Emmons, whose maiden name was Sarah (a daughter of William Van Dnyn, of Barltan). He died In May, 1811, In the uighty-flrst year of his oge. Sarah died Jan: 7, ISM, in her soventy-soTonth year. After the deatli of his father. Job n Van Cleef inherited all his real estate, and his throe sisters the per- aoual. The farm now contains 412 acres. John Van Cleef, Jr., married Sarah Van Dyke, Oct. 4, 1701. He died Nov. 28, 1847, in the eighty-sixth year of his age ; Sarah died March 26, 1742, aged sovonty-two. He died intestate. Uis children were Margaret, born Deo. 16, 1794; Siirnh, born April 4, 1800, married Ralph A'oorhoes (boro June 20, 1700), of Mlddlobush ; Garrotta, born April 27, 1802, mar- ried Abraham Quick, of Korth Branch (born 1800). His land was divided between his three daughters, each part containing 137 acres. Sarah drew by lot the part containing the buildings, Margaret the middle part, and Garretta that port which Henry Garretson now owns and resides on. In former times It was a custom with parents In their wills to leave an extra share of their estates to one of the sons, so as to enable him to re- tain the homestead in the family from generation to generation. The custom has changed. There are but four of the old homesteads {^"om New Brunswick to Franklin Park, on both sides of the old Indian path, now owned by descendants of those who first settled on them. The VIeet homestead has had the following owners : John Vleet, Sr., his daughter Gretle, John Van Cleef, Sr., John Van Cleef, Jr., his daughter Sarah, and Ralph Voorhees, Jr., recently removed to Middle- bush. THE VAN LIEW FAMILY. From the burylng-ground across the old road where Henry Oakason resides, in 176C lived Johannes Van Llewen, a sou of Frederick Van Liewen, or Van Laver, as he woe called at that time by the Dutch. His father came from Holland and settled at Jamaica, L. I., In 1070. He was a son'of Hendrlck Van Llewen, in Holland, of French extracllon. Hen- drlck, of JanuUca, inherited a share of his fatlier*s estate In Holland after his decease. Frederick married Helena, a daughter of Jaques Denice, of the Nai*- rows. Long Island, where he kept a ferry in 1703, his boats plying be- tween that and Staten Island, and in the prosecution of hie business was accidentally drowned. His mother was very probably a daughter of Jaques Cortelyou, who came from Holland and settled at New Utrecht, L. I., in 1652, the groat ancestor of the Cortelyous In America. From ancient records preserved and found at the Van Liew home- stead we have the following names and dates ; Frederick Van Liew, son of Frederick Hondrickson, the emigrant, died Nov. 27, 1760; Helena Deuioe, his wife, died March 0, 17S4, aged eighty-four. Tlieir children were Dinali, born 1718, married Veghteu, died Nov. 22, 1700; Helena, born Oct.16, 1724, married Rem Dltmara, of Millstone, died July 6,1778; Maria, born March 17, 1724, married Dnryea, Oct. 20, 1701 ; Frederick, born Feb. 6, 1727, married Hondrickson, lived at Middlebush, was succeo'dod by his son Frederick, grandson Frederick, and he by P. S. Brokaw on the homestead. His land extended from the Middlebush roud about half-way to Millstone. On Its eaatern corner the Middlebush church was built, in 1834. He died May 26, 1768. Nice, or Donlce, born Jan. 7, 1734, married Ida, widow of Jacob Wyckotr, of Three-Mile Bun, diod Oct..l7, 1777. She was a daughter of John Stryker, of SIx-Jllle Bun. Cornelius, Imrn April 10, 1730, married Ann Van Llewen, lived at Mlllstone.where the lavorn at tlio canal bridge has been kept since about 1830. East Millstone is built on the western part of his land. It extended eastwardly on the south side of the Amwell rood to whore It Joined the land of his brother Frederick, of Middlebush. On the homestead he was succeeded by Henry Dlsborongh, then by Henry's sou John, then by John Wyckoff, Sr., and afterwai-ds by his sou John V. C. The present owner is Howoll. Cornelius and his wife were members of the Befoi-med Church of MiUstono in 1778; he died Jan. 29, 1777. Johannes, Iwrn April 10, 1730, lived on the homestead, married Dorothy Lott, and died Oct 10, 1794 ; she died Oct. 9, 1813. The date of their faUier's settlement ot Throe-Mile Run, on lot No. 1 of the Harrison tract, is not definitely known. He married Helene Denice, 1716. He was the largest land and stockowner in the township of Franklin. Frederick Van Liew, of Middlebush, was a great-grandson of Frederick (2d) ; he married Maria, a daughter of Peter Voorhees, who survives him ond Is living with her daughter, Ellso MoKracken, at Batavia, III. He died lu 1836 or 1830. Bern ritmars, who married Holona, was a grondson of John Johnson, who emigrated from Ditmnrsen, in Denmark, and was living on a farm ut Dutch Kills, L. I., In 1040. Two of his grandchlldron, Bom and Dowc. 62 settled on a tract of land lying on the west side of tho Millstone River, and running back ftom it for two miles to the nelgliborhood of Royce- field. Bom's part joined the river and remained in the family until about 1810, when, after the death of his son's widow, it was purchased and resided on by Abraham Boekman until his death. Since that time, Peter N., son of Abraham, has owned and resided on the old homestead. The land now owned by Jacob Schomp, adjoining it on the south, was a port of Rein's farm. Dowe lived in Boycefleld. Rem was an active mem- ber of (ho Reformed Church at Millstone at the time of its organization in 1707. He had a son, Peter, also an active member, who lived on that part of the place now owned and resided on by Jacob Schomp. THE FRELINGHUYSEN FAMILY. This distinguished family, of which Theodorus Jacobiis Frellnghnysen, born in 1091, was tho founder la Somerset County, presents the remark- able feature of the first two generations being all ministers, and of tho four succeeding ones (from Rev. John, the son of Rev. Theodorus Jaco- bus) being quite as distinctively members of the bar. The sons of Theo- dorus Jacobus wore; 1. Rev. Theodore, born in 1724, pastor at Albany fifteen years, went to Holland, and never returned ; 2. Rev. Jacobus, died during his passage to America, after being licensed by the Clossls of Utrecht, In 1763, m route to Ulster Co., N. Y.; 3. Rev. Ferdinandus, licensed la Holland, perished at sea, with his brother, while on his way home to America; 4. Rev. John, born in 1727, preached at Itaritan, and died in 1754 ; 5. Rev. Henrlcus, preached in Ulster Co., N. Y., and died in 1767, of smallpox. The two daughters, Anna and Mary, also married clergymen. These children were all born in Franklin township, thid county. The John above mentioned was the only son of Theodorus Jacobus who left descendant-i, and is therefore the ancestor of all who have since borne that name. He left two children, one of whom. Gen. Frederick, was the progenitor of a race of eudnent lawyers. (See the chapter on the " Bench and Bar of Somerset County.'") Tlie residence of Itev. T. J. Frelinghuysen " during the last years of his life was on a farm of 200 acres, bought of Daniel Hendrickson for £650, near Three-Mllo Run, forming a part of the land now or lately owned by John Brunson. It is described as bounded on the southeast by the land of Daniel Hendrickson, northeast by the pretended line of the heii-s of Peter Sonmans, northwest by David Seguire, sontliwost and northwest by Cornelius Bonnet."* THE VAN DOREN FAMILY.f In 1874 tho writer had the pleasure of meeting at The Hague, in Hol- land, the Baron de Wostplm'la, as his title was, who held the more active position of lord chamberlain to King William III.,— a position he hod retidned for at least eighteen years.J He was a Von Doren (spelled in Holland by a small uj, a descendant of the same oncestoi-s trom whom the American families of that name are derived. By his aid access wos gained to the gencological record ofllce, and tho early "family recoi-d" of tho Van Dorens in Holland secured. There is no other copy, so far as we know, in this country. It makes the head of tho family one Jan van Doren, who mai-ried Clyd van Damp; no dates given. In connection with one of his throe children (Nicholas) the date 1480 is mentioned. From this head twelve genpi-utions, containing forty-six names, brings the record to 1700, where it stops. The exact place of connection be- tween this family and the Pletor named below the record did not supply, nor are wo yet possessed of the information requisite to note exactly where link tits to link. The ancestor of the Van Dorens In this connti-j' was probably Pieter Van Doom, who, Willi bis wife, JaiinetjoUancheu, had a child, Jannetje, biiplizod, as appears fi-oni the Collegiate Church records, April 12, lOoD. There was a Cornells Lnmborson Von Doom, who came over to Albany lu 1042, but, whotovor hU relationship to Pieter, the hitter seems to be tho hood of the New Jersey families of the name.g A Jacobus Van Doom, probobly Pieter's son (the evidence is circumstanllal only), was certainly the head of the next generation, as his history is well known. He removed trom the western end of Long Island to Monmouth County about 1098. His wife wos Marytje Bonnet. The 070 acres ho owned in Monmouth, In the beautiful spot known as Pleasant Valley, near tho present village of Hillsdale, may still bo ascertained by distinct bouu- » " Eight Memorial Sermons," Rev. A. Messier, p. 184. f Prepored by A. V. D. Honoynian, Esq. J See Rev. William H. Vau Doren's article in " Our Home," p. 313. S Except a branch In Monmouth County which droiiped the Van and spoil it Dorn j they oome from Diedlof Van Djorn, who married, in 1031, Elsie Janrions, on Long Island. \: 810 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. dary liaeB, nnd the northwest corner of it, owned now hy a Daniel Yan Doren, has come down in a direct line through the family for one hun- dred and eighty years. The homestead residence was on the spot where Thomas Ely now lives.* Jacobus Van Doren's will, of 171fl, is on file at Trenton, and from it the names of his ten children are cleaily ascer- tained, — viz.: 1. Aria, bom about 1G05; 2. Engeltje, born about 1697, whose descendants settled at Peapack, Somerset Co., Amwell, Hunter- don Co., and elsewhere; 3. Chiistyjan (Christian), born 1699, and the father of nearly all tlie Somerset County Van Dorene; 4. 'WilUam, born about ITOl ; 5. Jacob, born 1793, whose descendants chiefly settled at Peapack, Somerset Co.; 6. Angenyctie, born 1705, married William "Wyckoff, of Freehold ; 7. Catharine, born 1707, married Cornelius Wyck- off; 8. Abraham, born 1709, settled at Middlebush, Somerset Co., and became sheriff of the county; 9. Peter, bom 1711, died a young man; 10. Isaac, born 1714, unmarried. The singular interval of only two years between the births will be noted. The descendants of ono of these children only will receive attention here, inasmuch as they constitute the great bulk of the Van Dorens in this region.f Christian (as he spelled hia own name), the third son, married Altje Schenck. They were the parents of the famous seventeen children, — famous because of the number, and because all of them save one married and raised families. At the time of her death, aged about ninety-six, she had no fewer than 352 descendants, — viz., 17 children, 129 grandchildren, 200 great-grandchildren, and 6 great-great- grandchildren. J Christian and Abram together removed from Monmouth to Somerset. They purchased 525 acres at Middlebush about 1723, and divided it into two farms. Christian took 359 acres fronting on the Amwell road, Abram IGG acres to the north of the first-named tract. There was some deception in the sale of this plot of 526 acres, a false agent of John Bennett having sold it to the Van Dorens. The latter repuichased it in 1763, paying $5.75 per acre. Christian erected a log house on his tract, about 150 yards northeast of the present Middlebush churcli, and planted an orchard, two of the trees of which lived and bore fruit in 18C5, one hundred and twenty-five years afier planting.^ A frame building sup- planted the log one, erected a quarter of a mile farther west; it stood about one hundred years, and was burned down in 1809, the present residence of John B. 'Weleh being on its site. The lands of the two brothel's, embracing the 525 acres, are now divided up into the following tracts: "Walter J. Toulmiu, Thomas Conner, John Egbert, Marcus Ben- nett, Mr. Burbanks, Mr. Woulsey, Heni-y G. Hummer, John B. Welsh, John H.Thurman, Abram Van Deventer, Isaac Covert, and the Franklin l^oor-farm. The names of the seventeen children were: 1. Jacob, born 1724; married, first, Phebe Van Derveer ; second, Jane Ditmars ; a farmer wlio lived and died in Bedminister township. 2. John, born 1726; married Martha Scott; a farmer at Millstone. The Van Doiens at White House are his descendants. 3. William, born 1727; married, firbt, Catharine Hoff; second, Maria Wyckoff; a farmer of Middlebush. 4. Maria, born 1729; married Petnis Neviup, of South Branch; died aged ninety-three. 5. Aaron, born 1730; married Blargaret Stilhvell; settled at Peapack; from bini the present Peapack Van Dorens appear to be descended. 6. Sarah, born 1732; married, first, Jeremiah Lambert; second, Robert Hood. 7. Christian, born 1734; married, first, Alche Van Bryck ; second, Maria Kevins; a farmer of Pluckamin. 8. Alche, born 1735; wife of Simon M'yckoff, of Middlebush, grandfather to Jacob Wyckoff, of that place. 9. Kellie, born 1737; wife of Jaques Voorheea, of Middlebush. 30. Abraham, born 1738; of Griggstown; married Ann Van Dyke; grandfather to Kev. Isaac Van Doren, of Hopewell, N. Y., and had the most children who grew up and raised families of any of Cliristian's sons. 11. Peter, bom 1740 ; married Frances Huff; a farmer of Millstone. 12. Jane, born 1741; married John Sutphen, farmer of Ten-Mile Run. 13. Roeliff, bom 1743 ; died young. 14. Isaac, horn 1744 ; married Sarah Opie; lived at Neshanic. 15. Cornelius, born 1746; mariied Elizabeth Wyckoff; a famicr of Middlebush. 16, Joseph, born 1748; married * Or did in 1783. Tho above facts are abridged from the letter of Rev. G. C. Schenck iu " Our Home," December, 1873, whore is to be found all that is known concerning Jacobus. f The writer being engaged upon a complete history of the Van Doren family to tho present generation, and "Our Home" for 1873 giving, in sevt-ral articles, nil the dates known concerning the family in the seven- teenth and eighteenth centuries, it has not not been deemed of historical service that these many names, with dates already published and to be republihhed in book-form, should he here noted. X For her great vii-tnee, etc., see " Our Home," p. 54. g Ualph VoorheeP, iu '• Our Hume," p. 338. Sarah Vanderbilt; owned mills at South Branch. 17. Benjamin, horn 1751 ; married, first, Sophia Van Dyke ; second, Dinah Ditmars. THE NEVIUS FAMILY.)! Johannes Nevius was the first sire of the families of that name in America, including the many who have resided in the valley of the Rari- tan. He was from Solen (probably Solingen, in Westphalia), and in early life became a trader. Venturing to engage in mercantile pursuits within the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, he finally settled there per- manently. The records of the Dutch Church show that, Nov. 18, 1653, the banns of marriage were published between Johannes Nevius, from Solen, and Araientje Bleyck, from Batavia, isle of Java, East Indies. Johannes was elected a city schepeo,l[ and in 1658 became "secretary of the court of burgomasters and schepens," He seemed to have spelled his surname " Nevius," as is yet generally adopted, but the family name has been variously spelled by many ob Nafiua, Nefyes, Nevus, Neefus, Neviua, Nevyus, etc. Johannes had eight children, — viz., Johannes, bom in 1654; Sara, 1656; Cornelie, 1G57; Marie, 1G58; Cornelis (second), 1661; Petrae, 1662 ; Sara Catharine, 1664 ; and Johanna, 1667 or 1 668. Little is known of the children of Johannes save Petnis. He was the one through whom comes the Somerset County line. He was born as stated, and was yet living at Flatlands in 1698 with his wife, Janetje Roeluff Schenck, seven children, and one slave. One of his children, David, was born in 1702, and UaiJtize.d at Brooklyn. This David Nevius (NevyuSf as he spelled it) was the assessor of Franklin township who made out the tax-list for 1745. He had six children, — Albert, William, Peter D., Neltje, Janetje, and Altje. Peter D. had five children,— Garret, David, Peter, John, Elbert. Garret was the father of J. Staats Neviua, at pres- ent of Pleasant Plains, Somerset Co., Mrs. Robert Todd, deceased, of Lamington, N. J., and Peter Garret, the son of J, Staat Nevius, who owns the homestead at Pleasant Plains, and is of the sixth generation of the family who has possessed this same larni, Petrus was another child and possibly Martin** and Cornelis, who, with the Petrus last named, were privates in the Fifty-first Company of Kings County militia in 1715. The second Petma married Allie Ten Ej-ck, March 30, 1717, and had a son Petrus, who was born in July, 1718, and died Dec. 2, 1793; he removed to Somerset after 1738. His children were Peter P., David, Martin, and Wilhelniina. Peter P. lived and died on the prenent farm of Isaac Voorhees, at Pleasant Plains; lie married June Stuthoff. His children were : 1, Peter, who lived a while in Pennsylvania, but returned to Six-Mile Run. 2. John, who married Gertrude Hageman, and had children, — Peter, Ben- jamin,ft and Elbert; the latter is a Reformed (Dutch) minister, once a missionary in China. 3. Elbert, who married Sarah Staats, and left no children. Martin lived at Blaweuburg, and married Sarah Stothoff. Ilis chil- dren were Johanna and John. This John had six children, of whom one, Martin, lives in the old homestead at Blawenburg. David was born Juno 2, 1758, and died March 12, 1825. He ^married, Nov. 4, 1781, Elizabeth Schurenian, a granddaughter of John Schureman, the emigrant. David Nevius had twelve children : 1. Peter S., born Aug. 23, 1782, died Sept. 27, 1870. He married Maria Van Doren. He was long a farmer at Pleasant IMains, and was one of the judges of the Som- erset courts for a number of years. 2. Ann, born May 8, 1784, married Peter Bognrt, who lived at Princeton and was lung the steward of the seminary there. Hie children were Gilbert, who lives South ; Eliza, wife of Rev. William Ncal ; William, who is South ; Margaret, also in the South ; John, and David, the latter a lawyer, 3. John S., born Nov. 30, 1785, married Lydia Van Dyke. William J., now of Princeton, John, of New York, Rev. Henry, of Kentucky, and Archibald were their children. 4. David, bom Aug. 19, 1787, married Margaret Schureman, his cousin, and lived near New Brunswick. 5. Wilhelmina, bom July 4, 1789, mar- ried Isaac Skillman, a farmer, and lived near Ringos. 6. James S., born April 30, 1791, died Aug. IG, 1794. 7. Martin, born Feb. 28, 1793, died Aug. 14, 1794. 8. Elizabeth S., born Nov. 14,1794, died May, 1800. 9. James S. (2d), horn Sept, 16, 179G, died in 1859.J| He married Catharine Polhemus. His children were Elizabeth, Mary, Catharine (wife of Rev. Dr. D. D. Demarest). Henry, Jane, and James. 10. Margaret, born April 3, 1799, died about 1864. She married William Van Dyke, of Kingston. li By A. V. D. Honey man, Esq. 1[ A schepen held about the rank of a modem alderman. ** He had a son Johannes. This, or some other Johannes, had five children,— Martin, Abraham, John, David, and Margaret, tt His son, Rev. John L. Nevius, is now a missionary in China. XX See page 589 of this work. 11 s * f V. f 'M^, \ / FRANKLIN. 811 Tbe children were Mnrgnret, who married Howard Malcolm, of Pliila- delpbia; Elizabetb, wife of Bev. Joseph Wliite, missionary to China; James ; Augustus ; Edward, a physician in Philadelphia ; Henry, a law- yer in Princeton ; William, and Annie. 11. Martin, who died July 30, 1817, a young man. 12. Isaac, horn Oct. 8, 1803, died about 1866. He married Susan Hutchings, and lived at Titusville, N.J. THE VOORHEES FAMILY. According to a custom prevailing in former times of adopting the Christian name of the father as the surname of the child, the great an- cestor of the Toorhees family was an Albert of Holland, who was bom probably in the early part of the fifteenth century. His children were Stephen, Courten, Heudrick, Jan, Hilbert, Wiavil, Gertian, and Mergin. Stephen Courten Tan Voorbees,* or Voorhuj-sen, son of Courten Albert, settled in Flatlands and married Wellimpie Koeliffs. Stephen Courten emigrated from near Hesse, in Holland, in April, 16G0. His children were Mergin, Hendrick, Lucas, Jan, Albert, Abram, Alche, and Janelje. minna Van "Voorheea, son of Lucas Stevens, the first emigrant, wjis bom in Flatlands, and married, April 25, 1717, Antie, daughter of Garret Pieter- son Wyckoff, removing to New Brunswick, N. J., about tho .same year. He was afterwards married to Lemitje Stryker, widow of Jacob Wyckoff, of Six-Mile Run. Three of his brothers, John, Koelofl', Albert, also two sisters, Catrincbe and Wellemtje, removed with him. Garret, brother to Minna, lived and died in Middlebush, in the house where John P. Smith now lives, and was tho owner of the farm of 183 acres connected with it. A part of the house was built of and now con- tains some of the timber of the old mill of Lucas Voorbees, which stood on the Six-Mile Run Brook." He was bom May 13, 1720, and married, first, Neltje Nevius, daughter of Petrus Kevins, of South Branch. She died Dec. 9, 1780. He married, second, Sarah StothotT, of Six-Mile Bun, in 17S3, and died a short time after. Garret, son of the first G;uTet, was born March 4, 1750, married Ma- tilda, daughter of Rem Ditmars, of Millstone, lived at Middlebush, re- moved to Six-Mile Run in April, 1820, and died Oct. 18, 1823. His widow, Matilda, died March 21, 1827. The other children of the first Garret were Ann, bom July 10, 1752, married Abraham Beekman, lived at Griggstown, and died May 25, 1817 ; Catrltiche, Dec. 27, 1754, and died Nov. 26, 1764; Peter, May 7, 1758, mariied Margaret Boice, and died on the old homestead ; Neltje, in 17G0, and married Brogun Van Doren, who lived at Pluckamin, where he died, and was the father of Mrs. John Hardcastle, of Soraei-villo, and Mrs. William Van Doren, of North Branch, both lately deceased ; and Catalina, May 21, 1764, married John Van Doren, of Millstone (father of Dr. Garret Van Doren), and lived at Bound Brook. Tbe children of Garret Voorbees and Matilda Ditmars were the follow- ing: Garret, born Nov. 22, 1776, died March 23, 1777; Lena, March 11, 1778, married Peter Voorbees, lived at New Brunswick, died Jan. 28, 1827; Nelly, May 27, 1780, never married, died at Middlebush, Feb. 18, 1810; Jane, Sept. 13,1782, married Richard Mauley,lived atNew Bruns- wick, and died September, 1845; Garrct,t Nov. 6, 1784, married Sarah Whitaker, lived at Mine Brook; Dinah, May 11, 1787, never married; Ann, Sept. 24, 1789, manied Samuel W. Scott, lived in Yates Co., N. Y.; John G., Jan. 17, 1793, married Rebecca Van Den-eer, lived at Fairview, 111., died March 31, .1869; Ralph (the writer), June 20,1796, married Sarah Van Deef, daughter of John Van Cleef, of Six-Mile Run; and Maria, Oct. 20, 1798, married Daniel Polhemus, and lives now at Fair- view, 111. Could all the names of the descendants of the first Voorbees emigi-ant to this country be collected, they would be very numerous. Besides be- ing in New York and New Jersey, they are in Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois. To the three first-named Western States many families emigi-ated prior to and at the commencement of the present century. Albert Voorbees, recently a judge of the Court of Appeals, and also Lieutenant-Governor of the State of Louisiana, is a descendant of the seventh generation of Cornelius, of Middlesex County. Daniel W., a recent member of Congress from Indiana, is the great-grandson of Stephen, of New Jersey, who married Margaret Van Dyke, March 25, 1762, and whose son, Peter, married Lemma Van Arsdale, of Kentucky, in 1796, and removed to Butler Co., Ohio, about 18U0. Jaques (1st) was bom with a crooked foot, and, being unable to walk, traveled about over the country or his farm on horseback or in his phae- ton. He married Nellie Van Doren, danghter of Christian, and had three * Van Voorbees means " from before Hesse." t Samuel, one of his sons, resides on the homestead, and Nathaniel, cashier of the Clinton Bank and one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Hunterdon County, Is at Clinton. children,— Jaques, Altje, and Abram. Although a cripple, Jaques (1st) wa» a man of unusual enterprise and perseverance. He managed a large farm, and discharged the duties of county treasurer for a long time. He dealt much in Government money during' and succeeding the Revolution, and afterwards was a partner with Col. and Judge Nelson, of New Brunswick, in owning a vessel called the " Favorite," which plied between that place and the island of Madeira, exportingproduceand bringing wines. Jaques also kept a store in the east end of his large house, the collar of which was constantly stocked with different wines. An old store account-book, yet well preserved, contains the following accounts with noted persons living at some distance from the store : " 1792, Oct. 8th. Major Farmer. To acc't for wine, lu gal., @ 12s.= £6 128. Od. " Dec. 12th. lOgals, @12s.=£612a. 6d. " Oct. 23d. Governor Patterson. 1 pipe London marked wine, £05 Es. Od. " May 30th. Richard Stockton. To 1 pipe marked, £00 Os. Od. " June 23d. James Parker. To ]4 pipe wine, £30 Os. Od. " Nov. 19tb. Andrew Kirkpatrick. To }^ pipe wine, £32 Os. Od. 1793, Aug. 27th. Dr. John Witherepoon. 27 gal. wine, @ 15s.^ ,fcO Os. Od." Lucas Voorhees, brother to Jaques (1st), built the mill opposite Jaques* store, and owned the farm on which his great-grandson, Abram, now resides. His daughter, Lucj', married Peter Quick, of Ten-Mile Bnn.J Jaques (2d), son of Jaques (1st), married Dinah Stryker, March 11, 1788. Their children, with dates of birth, were : John, 1790 ; Jaques, 1702; Abram, 1795; Peter, 1796; Cornelia, 1800; Ellen, 1803. This Jaques was the first in this section to sow and raise clover seed, prior to 1800. Jaques (3d), son of Jaques (2d), had children, — Jaques, Matilda (who married John De Mott and lives at Middlebush), Frederick, V. L. (who married Eliza Beekman), Abram (who married Sarah Ann Bucnson), and John. JOHN nONEYMAN, of Griggstown, had a strange, eventful history, which was never told in print until related by Hon. John Van Dyke in " Our Home," 1873. The particulars of bis conduct as •' a spy of Gen. Washington" would almost seem to be mythical, hut for the corroborative proofs subsequently brought forward by Judge Van Dyke when his statements were chal- lenged by a local newspaper.^ This man, born in Armagh, Ireland, about 1727, of Scottish ancestry, had come to America in 1758 on the English frigate' "Boyne" as a soldier to fi^ht in the French and Indian war. On the passage he had saved Gen. Wolfe's life, the latter having been a fellow-passenger, and was rewarded by being made one of his body-guards. He fought at Quebec, where Wolfe fell, and aided in hear- ing his commander from the field. With an honorable discharge he went to Philadelphia, married Mary Henry, an Irish girl from Colttrain, and when the Revoliltionary war broke out sought and obtained an in- troduction to Washington, — with what result will appear. Early in 177G, Honeyman removed to Griggstown, to tbe house now opposite the road which leads in from Franklin Park, the older por- tion of which still stands. Hero he soon became known as a sympa- thizer with the British, and was proclaimed a Tory. That his removal to this point was designed there can be little doubt. He acted the part of a tradesman in cattle, and the British, believing him a Tory, allowed him to pass and repass within their lines. The Council of Safety', when in session .at Princeton, ordered that " he be committed to Trenton Gaol for High Treason," but subsequently took bail in £300 |! They believed him, perhaps, to be a traitor ; none but Washington knew his guilt was feigned. About Dec. 20, 1776, he made a thorough examination of the disposi- tion of the British forces at Trenton from within their lines, and escaped to the American army.Tf Seized by the Americans and imprisoned, Washington interviewed him and allowed him to fiee. Three days after, Washington was with his army in Trenton, Rahl was captured, and the country safe. Says Judge Van Dyke, in reference to the effect of the knowledge of the spy's escape from imprisonment by the A merican soldiery upon the { See also the Voorhees family in Montgnmery township. 3 See the " In Meinorinni" voUime of Dr. John Iloneymao, by his son, A. V. D. Honeyman, publiahed in 1874, foot-note, pp. 10-13. ( " Minutes of the Council of Safety," 1777, pp. 109, 176. T[ The particulars are interesting ; see " Our, Home," pp. 448, 419. \ sr. SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. people of Griggstown, who now believed him all the more a Tory, from having been within the British lines: " The news of the capture and es- ciipe of Honeyman speedily reached his own neighborhod of Griggstown, where the indignatiou and excitemunt reached the highest point. It vas well known there that he had gone over to the English army, and he had already received the -title of 'Tory John Honeyman,' but now ' British spy, traitor, and cut-throat,' and various other disagreeable epi- thets, were heard on every side. His house was surrounded at midnight by a crowd of his exasperated neighbors, who, bj' arrangement, had ap- proached it from different directions, supposing he might be there. They demanded the surrender of the traitor or that tlie premises should be thorouRhly searched, and perhaps leduced to ashes. His wife protested that s!ie knew nothing of his whereabouts and seemed grieved at his misconduct, but this only increased the demand and tumult. She soon after unlocked the door, and, waving her hand, asked the crowd to listen a moment. They became quiet, and she inquired who was their leader. Tlie auswer, ' Abraham Baird,' came from all directions. Now, Abraham Baird waa one of her well-known neighbors, a young man only eighteen years of age, of stalwart frame, unshrinking courage, and unexception- able character, who had from the first espoused the cause of the colonies with all the energy and enthusiasm of youth. He was afterwards in the service, and came out of it bearing the title of major. In his old age he Deceived an honorable pension from the guveriiment. The writer was well acquainted with him during his latter years, and he was one of flie persons from whom nmch of the information herein narrated was re- ceived. When the wife of Honeyman heard the name of Baird her ap- prehensions subsided, for she knew him well, and knew that uo harm could come to her or her children so long as ho controlled allairs. She invited him to her, uud he went. She handed hira a paper and asked him to read it uloud to those outside. He did so, after first carefully looking it over himself. The paper which he road was as follows; " ' Amf.rican Camp, New Jersey, Nov., a.d. 1776. " ' To the good people of Neuj Jersey, and all others whom it mat/ voucem : "'It is hereby ordered that the wife and children of John Honeyman, of Griggstown, the notorious Tory, now within the British lines, and proba- bly acting the part of a spy, shall be and hereby are protected from all barm and annoyance from every quarter, until further ordeis. But this furnishes no protectiou to Honeyman himself. "* Geo. AVashington, " ' CoTii.-in~ Chief, ^ '•After the reading of this paper the wife invited Baird and his asso- ciates tD make such examination of the premises sis tliey thought proper, but no one seemed anxious to proceed any further. A long silence en-" sued. Tlie assemblage was somewhat confused and confounded, and soon after gradually dispersed. " This paper was not only signed by AVashington, but was all written by liini, and remained in the family for many years afterwards. It was seen jind read by the cliildren as well as by many others." When the war closed, Joliu Honeyman, whose whereabouts from Janu- ary, 1777, to the close of the war cannot be certainly determined, but who Avas not at Griggstown, returned home the greatest hero of the hour, *' The same neighbors who bad once surrounded his humble dwelling and sought his life not only again surrounded it, but pressed vigorously for admittance, — not to harm but to thank and bless and honor him, and to congratulate and applaud his long suffering but heroic wife. Many American officers came to viait him, Washington himself being among the fiist." He removed ten years later to near Lamiugton, whore he died, in 1S22, at the ripe old age of ninety-five. BAKON STEUBEN. In Bloomington, on the turnpike leading to New Brunswick, and be- tween it and the Itaritan Eiver, stood the old Abraham Staiits mansion, in its eurly days a building of some pretensions, but a few years since de- molished. In this house Baron Steuben had his winter quarters in 1788 and 1789. Here he slept, planned, wrote, and held his councils. TAVERNS. In 1766, a few yards east of the present church of Six-Mile Run was a tavern kept by the Widow Wood. Her husband, William Wood, kept it in 1745. The old house was afterwards for a long time owned and resided in by Robert Priest. Their daughter Catha- rine, widow of Peter R. Suydana, now living in New Brunswick, is in the possession of the property. The house is doubtless the same one occupied by William Wood, and may be one hundred and fifty years old or more. Where the new hotel of C. C. Beekman now stands, in 1766 was a tavern kept by Joseph GiiFord. In 1796, Moore Baker began to keep this public-house, and continued for fortjr-four years. His son William kept it for twenty-eight years, and William William- son for six, when the old building, called the Franklin House, was taken down and the new hotel erected on its site. In 1766 there were six taverns between New Bruns- wick and Upper Ten-Mile Run ; two at Three-Mile Run, — one kept by John Kent, about 150 yards east of the railroad, the other by Cornelius Waldron,* where Jacob Christopher now lives; three at Six-Mile Run, kept by Wood, Gifford, and Manley ; and one at Ten-Mile Run, by William Williamson, and after- wards for a time by Elias Baker. LOSSES DURING THE REVOLUTION. Partial list of persons damaged by the British in 1776 and 1777 in Franklin township, taken from Vol. XV., in the State Library at Trenton. Detailed lists of all goods, chattels, etc., taken or destroyed are given, with the affidavits of the parties. Here anly the gross amounts are given : £ s. d. Hendrick Fisher, near Bound Brook 145 10 Garret Voorbees, Bliddlebush 451 17 8 Philip Folkerson, Middlebush 199 19 9 John Stootlioff, Middlebush 29 15 3 Abraham Van Doren, Middlebush 67 10 5 Peter Kappleyear, Middlebush 393 7 John speeder, Middlebush 12G 16 6 Samuel Gurretson, Middlebush 82 3 6 John French, near New Brunswick 151 15 6 John Bray, Itaritan Landiiig 246 5 John Slmnk, Three-Mile Run 147 19 6 Jane Pattereon, Three-Mile Run 39 10 11 Benjamin Hegeman, Six-Mile Run 59 19 5 Jacques Voorbees 112 Jacobus Wickofl (Middlebush?) IIG 5 9 Peter T. Scbenck, Uaritan Landing 218 8 10 John Stootlioff (Six-Miie Run?) 19 Peter Runyea, Six-Mile Run 99 2 G Cornelius Van Liew, Three-Mile Run 18 2 10 Peter Jorks, Six-Mile Run IG 17 Adrian Van Nostrand, Three-Mile Run 08 18 9 Cornelius Van Heugeb-n. Middlebush 60 19 :i John Stryker, Six-Mile Run i 2ii0 Johannes Van Liew, Three-Mile Run 519 IG 5 Rev. John Light (Leydt)f 92 9 10 * Waldron's tavern was afterwards owned and occupied for a time by Daniel Bninson, who conducted the tailoring business until 1806, when he sold it to Samuel King and removed about half a mile down the road, where ho kept the " Rising Sun," or what was for a long time called the " Bmnson tavern," now the Do Mott House, Samuel King lived on the old tavern property, added a second story to a part of the old house, en- larged and remodeled it in other respects, and established and conducted the tanning and currying business, which has been continued there until the present time. He died in 1835. He had a son, John, who married Jemima, a daughter of Col. Farriugton Barcalow; he died early. His widow now lives at Spring Lake, III. After King's death, in 183G, Peter Mahan purchased the property -and resided on it. From Mahan the property went into the possession of John Christopher, from him to that of his sou, Jacob, now residing thereon, and who has added to it the LefTert Waldron property, which was pur- chased of Daniel Hendrickson in 1732. t This last item was for damnges done by-Bi-itish in 1782'. ^, ^f^'^^^^^^^y Hon. Charles B. Moobb is a grandson of Josiah Moore, who settled at Flemington, N. J., prior to the year 1800. His parents were Elnathan and Mary (Eun- kle) Moore, the former of whom was a prominent hotel- keeper at Flemington for many years. His father died at Ten-Mile Run, Franklin township, on May 3, 1857. in the seventy-third year of his age, and his mother in New Brunswick, N. J., Oct. 26, 1871, in her ninety-third year. Both lie buried at Kingston, N. J. Senator Moore was the youngest of a family of six children, and was born at Flemington on Jan. 6, 1822. His brothers and sisters were William, who resides at Flemington ; Austin (deceased) ; Hannah, who married Isaac Stout, of Eocky Hill, and who is dead ; Hart, pro- prietor of the County Hotel at Somcrville ; and John, residing at Kingston. The earlier years of Mr. Moore's life were passed at home, and his educational training was completed at the Lawrenceville (N. J.) Academy. At the age of fifteen he left school, and began the active duties of life as a clerk in the store of T. J. Skillman, of Eocky Hill. He then passed to the store of Farlee & Depue, of Flem- ington, where he clerked for a time, and at the age of seventeen he located at Kingston, N. J., clerking for P. H. Barker for two years. "With what small capital he had gathered together he started, when nineteen years of age, a small grocery-store at Kingston, where he con- tinued in trade until 1864, in which year he removed his store to its present location at that place. Here he still remains in trade. He also operates a hay-press at Kingston, and engages extensively in the lumber and coal business. He occupies and tills a fertile farm near Kingston, which he purchased in 1857. "While Mr. Moore is recognized as one of the purely self-made and successful business men of Somerset County, it is in the broader sphere of public life that he has become best known. Politically he is a Democrat, and enjoys a controlling influence in the councils of his party. He was a, member of the town committee of Franklin township for three years, and in 1871 was de- •feated for the oflice of sheriff by only a few votes. In 1875 he was elected to represent Somerset County in the State Senate, and was one of the most popular and influ- ential members of that body, being chairman of the committee on railroads and canals, and a member of the judiciary committee. Upon his retirement from the Senate, in 1879, Mr. Moore was appointed to the office of supervisor of the New Jersey State prison by a board consisting of the Governor, chief-justice of the Supreme Court, the chancellor, and the attorney-general. This is a position of great importance and responsibility, con- trolling the contract system of the prison, its victualing and general supplies, and is still held by him. In social and home life Mr. Moore is eminently popu- lar and agreeable, and is the ruling spirit of the section of country in which he resides. He is in active sym- pathy with all movements tending to improve and elevate the community, and is looked upon as a man of integrity and a politician without guile. No corrupting hand has ever been laid on him. He has been for several years the president and treasurer of the board of trustees of the Presbyterian Church at Kingston. He is also the president of two loan associations at that place, and a member of the board of trustees of the school district. Senator Moore was married in June, 1847, to Margaret A., daughter of John and Margaret Van Tilberg, of Kingston, N. J. His children are Sarah, wife of J. F. Johnston, of Princeton, N. J. ; "William, who is in the coal and lumber business at Kingston ; Charles E., who is in his father's store ; and Adeline, residing at home. FRANKLIN. 813 ROADS AND BRIDGES. It is impossible to arrive at entirely definite in- formation about the opening of tlie first roads, since they were mere bridle-paths through the forests. The road from Inian's Ferry (afterwards New Bruns- wick), to the Falls of the Delaware (afterwards Tren- ton) was probably the first road opened through Franklin township. It at first followed the old In- dian path, and hence its many crooks. A road (or path) was certainly opened on the south side of the Earitan by 1700, if not before, as the Earitan lots were already then beginning to be settled. The 8- mile line through the middle of the twelve Middle- bush lots, which was first run about 1703, must have become a path or road soon after that date, as the houses were built along this line that the owners might be near the centres of their farms, which ran east and west. Then, from near the northern end of this Middlebush road, a road was needed to Inian's Ferry. This bore off to the south, and joined the Six-Mile Eun road about two miles east of the Earitan. But settlers were already locating along the Millstone, and the Harlingen tract was settled in 1710. These people needed a means of ingress and egress. A road from Middlebush to Millstone and westward to Wood's tavern (the northern limit of the Harlingen tract), must have been opened soon after 1710. As necessity required it to be extended farther west into Hunterdon County, this was done ; and when Amwell township was set ofi', this important easterly and westerly road received the name of the Amwell road, by which it is yet known. A branch was run from the Amwell road at Mid- dlebush to Weston, through the Cedar Grove District, at an early period, probably by 1715 or 1720, to ac- commodate the people who had settled at Weston and Harmony Plains. The latter place began to be set- tled in 1712. Then, again, a road was opened by 1717 from Six-Mile Eun to Blackwell's Mills to accommo- date the people from the southern end of the Harlin- gen tract, who attended church at Six-Mile Eun until 1727. The Millstone was at first forded at Millstone and then at Blackwell's and Weston, and thus they continued to cross for several years. When mill- dams were erected at Weston and Blackwell's, about 1740, the river continued to be forded below, but be- came impassable at Millstone, and a bridge became then, if not befoxe, a necessity. It is quite probable that a rude bridge was built at Millstone as early as 1715 or 1720. There were six bridges across the Millstone, along the western border of Franklin township, long before the Eevolution, the dates of which are approximately as follows : At Kingston, 1710 ; Millstone, 1720 ; Wes- ton, Blackwell's, and Griggstown, 1740-50 ; Eock- ing Hill, 1760.* * The following appears in the records of the Freeholders: • " 1774. — Allowed Abram Van Neste, Esq., 6«. light money, for planks for the bridge near his house." [Weston.] See also general chapter on " Eoads and Bridges," commencing at page 573 of this work, for much in- formation concerning roads of this township. CIVIL HISTORY AND CIVIL LISTS. There seems to be no record preserved of the for- mation of the present township of Franklin. In 1693 the township of Piscataway was extended to the south side of the Earitan, and the larger part of our present Franklin remained as a part of Piscataway, Middlesex Co., until 1709. Only about three or four square miles in the northwestern corner of the town- ship were in Somerset, by the law of 1688.t AVhen, in 1709, the southern line of Somerset was fixed on Lawrence's Brook, the domain of Piscataway town- ship, on the south side of the Earitan, passed away. Franklin then became a part of the county and town of Somerset, which were identical. As early as 1746 the county began to be divided into towns, and Frank- lin was subsequently called the "Eastern Precinct." In 1760 an act was passed forming and making the county and township lines.J The bounds of Frank- lin were fixed by the rivers on the northeast and west. The southern bound of the town fluctuated with the southern bound of the county. The town- ship no doubt received the name of Franklin during Governor Franklin's administration, which lasted from 1762 to 1776. In 1798 the general law for the incorporation of townships directed that the cor- porate name of this township should be " The In- habitants of the Township of Franklin, in the County of Somerset." In 1850 a triangle of land at the eastern point of the county, between the Mile Eun brook on the west, Albany and Somerset Streets, in the city of New Brunswick, on the south, and the Earitan Eiver on the east, was set off from Franklin to the city of New Brunswick. Except for this change, the literary and theological institutions in New Brunswick would belong to this township. A volume^ is in the county clerk's office entitled "Franklin Township Proceedings, commenced April 9, 1798 ; Clerk's Book." The following are the min- utes of the first meeting : " The Freeholders and Inhabitants of the Township of Franklin, in the county of Somerset, met at the house of Mrs. .Tane Spader (widow ), in Middle Bush, on Monday, the ninth day of April, 1798, to choose offi- cers for said town, as follows : John Bayard, Moderator ; Jacob Tallman , Town Clerk; Jacob II. Hardenbergh, Adrian V. Nostraud, Benjamin Smith, Hendi-ick Suydam, Pound Keepers ; John Bray, Garret Voorhis , Uendrick Berrien, A committee to prepare regulations and by-laws to be "June, 1778. — Michael Vanderveer repaired the bridge at Peter Schenck's Mill (now Blackwell's). lie was allowed £4 IQn." " Dec. 2, 1779. — £500 were directed to be raised by a tax on the inhabi- tants of the connty to repair the bridge at Griggstown." "June 18,1781. — Archibald Mercer was authorized to repair the bridge by his mill (now BlackwelFb), and to use the old planks from the court- house bridge for this purpose." f See map. I See Hillsborough. g The first volume of minutes extends from 1798 to 1871; the second and present volume begins in 1872. The business is kept much more in detail since 1872. The first volume is deposited in the county clerk's office for safekeeping. 8U SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. laid before the next town-meeting; Abraham Nevine, Assessor; Bulif Voorhis, Collector; David Kevins, Garret Yoorhis, Chosen Freeholders; Abram Nevius, Moses Scott, Ilulif Voorhies, Adrian Van Nostrand, Over- seers of the Poor; Abram A. Voorhies, Peter Runyea, Garret Voorhies, Commissioners of Appeals; Abram Nevius, Fred. V. Liew, Surveyors of the Highways ; Peter Montfort, Jonas Solomon, Constables ; Jacob K. Hardenbergh, James V. Duyn, John Stryker, Garret Voorhies, Ab. Quick, Township Committee; James Y. Duyn, Kichard Fulkerson, John De Grow, John Stryker, Israel Harris, Henry Disbro, Ephraira Yates, Ilen- drick Gulick, Ab. Quick, Farrin|,'ton Barcalow, Jac. V. Dike, Lucas Voor- hies, John F. V. Liew, Tunis Hoagland, Henry Van Nortwick, Jacobus Garretson, Isaac Silcox, Overseers of the Road; John Stryker, Judge of Annual Election. " Agreed that the sum of £230 be raised for the support of the poor for the present year. " Tlie next annual election for the purpose of choosing representatives will be opened in this place. "The next annual meeting will be opened at Mr. Baker's, Six-Mile Run. "John Bayard, Moderator, " Jacob Tallman, Totcn ClerJ:** The names of -clerks, assessors, collectors, chosen freeholders, and township committees are given. These- sufficiently indicate the leading men in the town, all of whose names pass in review sooner or later. TOWN CLERKS. 1798, Jacob Tallman ; 1709-1815, Fred. Van Liew ; 181G-21, Abram Voor- hees; 1822-23, Ralph Voorhees; 182-t, Abram A. Voorhees; 1825-30, Ralph VoorheeB ; 1S31-3-2, Peter A. Voorhees ; 1833-37, John G. Voor- hees ; 1838-40, John De Mott; 1811, Peleg H. Barker; 1842-48, Simon Wyckoff; 1S49, Randolph Martin ; 1850-52, John N. Hoagland; 1853 -55, Peter S. Broka\v ; 1S5G, AVillinm Williamson ; 1S57-59, B. B. Van Nuys; 18G0-G2, Alfred J.Voorlioes; 18G3, J. Boyd Van Boren; 1804- CG, Alfred J. Voorhees; 1867-G9, Cor. V. Oppie; 1870-71, George R. Suydam; 1872-73, Dr. Jacob W. Voorhees; 1874r-76, Alfred J. Voor- hees ; 1877-79, H. B. Skillman ; 1880, D. Weljster Yeghte. ASSESSORS. 1798, Abraham Novius ; 1799-1800, Hendrick Cortelyou ; 1801-14, David Nevius; 1815, William Scott; 181G, James A''an Nuys; 1817-21, An- drew Brown; 1822, Simon 'Wycofif; 1823-25, Abraham A. Voorhees; 182G-30, Simon Wyckoff; 1831-32, Farriugton Barcalow; 18'^3-38, Peter A. Voorhees ; 1839-40, Abram Perlee ; 1841-44, John De DIott ; 1845-48, Joseph Brokaw; 1849-51, Simon Wyckoff, Jr.; 1S52-54, J. Van Doren Hoagland; 1855-57, John II. Voorhees ; 1858-GO, Jncob Wyckoff; 18GI-G3, John J. Van Nostrand ; 1SG4, Simon Wyckoff; 1865 -67, Jacob W. Veglite ; 18G8-71, John J. Van Kostrand ; 1872-74, Ja- cob Wyckoff; 1875, Robert P. Nevius ; 187G, P. V. W. Cannon ; 1877- 78, Joseph Waker; 1879-80, David J. Voorhees. COLLECTORS. 179S-1S07, Rloff Voorhees; 1808-11, John P. Nevius ; 1812-15, Andrew Brown; 181G-23, Jerome Rappleye;^ Jr. ; 1824-2G, William Philips; 1827-33, Peter S. Nevius ; 1834-40, Abram A. Voorhees ; 1841-44, John V. M. Wyckoff; 1845-49, John W. Branson; 1850-52, Henry Hong- land^ 1853-55, Ab. J. Suydam; 185G-58, James J. Garretson; 1859-Gl, Ab. J. Cortelynu; 1862-65, John Vegbte; 1866-71, Isaac J. Van Nuys; 1872-74, Henr}' R Cortelyou; 1875-78, Cor. G. Van Cleef; 1879-80, Isaac J. Van Nuj-s. CHOSEN FREEHOLDERS. 1798, Ab. Quick, Henry Borrian ; 1797-1800, Jacob Van Dyke, Henry Ber- rian;18tll-9, Jacob Van Dyke, Albert Stothoff; 1810, Henry Suydam, Albert Stothoff; 1811-12, Henry Suydam, Jerome Rappleyea; 1813- 16, John P. Novius, Garret Sulienck; 1817-20, Jacob Van Dyke, Gar- ret Schenck; 1821-24, Aug. R. Taylor, Garret Scbenck; 1825-27, Aug. R. Taylor, Jaiiques J. Voorhees; 1S2S, Cornelius L. Harden- Lurgh, ■William T. Rotlgers; 1829-30, Ferdinand S.Sulienck, William T. Rodgers ; 1831, Dr. Aug. R. Taylor, Daniel Polhemns ; 1832-3:1, Dr. Ang. R. Taylor, William T. Rodgers; 183-1-35, Dr. Aug. R; Taylor, Daniel Pc?lhemUs ; 1836-39, Dr. Aug. It. Taylor, J. V. M. "Wyckoff; 1840, Dr. Aug. R. Taylor, Elijah Stout; 1841^5, Miles C. Smith, Eli- jah Stout; 184G-49, Nicholas Van Wickle, Elijah Stout; 1850-52, Jo- siah Schenck, H. V. De Mott ; 1853-55, John W. Brunson ; 1850-60, Josiah S. Schenck ; 18G1-G2, Ab. J. Suydam ; 1863-64, J. V. D. Hoag- land: 1865-67, Peter S. Brokaw ; 1868-70, Jac. W. Vegbte ; 1871-73, James Stothoff; 1874-75, Joseph Waker; 1876-78, Henry P. Cor- telyou; 1879-80, Is. J. Voorhees, TOWNSHIP COMMITTEES.* 1798-99, Jac. R. Hardenbergh, James Van Duyn, John Stryker, Garret Voorhees, Ab. Quick ; 1800, Jacob Van Dike, Elbert Stoothoff, John Stryker, Jacques Voorhees; 1801-2, Jacob Van Dike, Elbert Stot- lioff, John Stryker, Peter Voorhees, Jacques Voorhees ; 1803, Jacob Van Dike, Elbert Stothoff, John Stryker, Peter Voorhees, Hendrick Berrian; 1804-6, Jacob Van Dike, Elbert Stothoff, John Stryker, Peter Voorhees, Hendrick Berrian; 1807-9, Jacob Van Dike, Elbert Stothoff, John Strj-ker, Peter Voorhees, Jacob Quick ; 1810-11, Josiah Schenck, Elbert Stothoff, John Stryker, Peter Voorliees, Jacob Quick ; 1812-14, John P. Nevius, Elbert Stothoff, John Stryker, Peter Voor- hees, Jacob Quick ; 1815, Peter J. Nevius, Elbert Stoothoff, Jerome Rappleyea, Josiah Schenck, Jacob Quick ; 181G, Andrew Brown, Jacques Voorhees, Cornelius Cowenhoven, Jerome Rappleyea, Sr., John R. Van Liew ; J 817-18, Daniel Polhemus, Joseph Patterson, Cor- nelius Cowenhoven, Jerome Rappleyea, Sr., John R. Van Liew; 1819, Daniel Polhemus, Jacques A. Voorhees, Cornelius Cowenhoven, Ab. Van Doren, John R. Van Liew; 1820-21, Daniel Polhemus, Jacques A. Voorhees, Cornelius Cowenhoven, Ab. Van Doren, Samuel Hol- comb; 1822, Daniel Polhemus, Jacques A. Voorhees, Jerome Rap- pleyea, Ab. Van Doren, William Philips; 1823, Daniel Polhemus, Jacques A. Voorhees, Jeromo Rappleyea, Sr., Elijah Stout, William Philips; 1824, Henry V. De Mott, Jacques A. Voorhees, Jerome Rap- pleyea, Sr., Elijah Stout, John Stoothoff; 1825, Henry V. De Mott, Jacques A. Voorhees, Jacob Wyckoff, Cornelius De Hart, Peter S. Nevius; 182G-27, Henry V. De Mott, .Jacques A. Voorhees, Jacob Wyckoff, Cornelius De Hart, Rntsen Hardenbergh; 1S28, William T. Rodgers, John Stotthoff, Jacob Wyckoff, Ralph Voorhees, John S. Nevius; 1829, Willium T. Rodgers, William Crnser, Jacob Wyckoff, Ralph Voorhees, John S. Nevius ; 1830, Ab. S. Clark, Stephen Garret- son, Jacob Wyckoff, Henry V.De Mott, John S. Novius; 1831, James C. Van Dike, Stephen Garretson, John Van Tilbnrgh, Henry V. De Mott,- Ab. Vegbte; 1832, Nicholas Conover, James S. Novius, John Van Til- burgh, Henry V. De Mott, John G. Voorhees ; 1833, Nicholas Conover, Ralph Voorlipps, John Van Tilhurgh, Henry V. De Mott, William H. Lupp ; 1834, Nicholas Conover, Ralph Voorhees, John Van Tilhurgh, Henry V. Do Mott, William Packer; 1835, Nicholas Conover, Ralph Voorhees, Nicholas Veghte, Henry V. De Mott, "William Packer ; 1 83G, Simon Wyckoff, Ralph Voorhees, Nicholas Veghte, Henry V. De Mott, William Packer; 1837, Simon Wyckoff, Ralph Voorhees, Jeremiah Garretson, Elijah Stout, William Packer; 1838, Simon Wyckoff, Jeremiah Voorhees, Jeremiah Garretson, Elijah Stout; 1839, Simon AVyckoff, Jeremiah Voorhees, Jeremiah Garretson, Lewis Boisnot, William Packer; 1840, Ab. J. Suydam, Jeremiah Voorhees, Jer- emiah Garretson, Ralph Voorhees, Augustus F. Taylor; 1841, Au- gustus F. Taylor, Ralph Voorhees, John W. Brutison, Lewis Bois- not, Ab. J. Suvdam; 1842, Ab. J. CJortelyou, James J. Garretson, John "W. Brunson, Lewis Boisnot, Ab, J. Suydam; 1843-44, Ab. J. Cortelyou, John P. Chamberlain, Johu W. Brunson, Lewis Boisnot, Ab. J. Suydam ; 1845, Ab. J. Cortelyou, John P. Chamberhdn, Johu Nevius, Lewis Boisnot, William Polhemus; 184G, Ab. J. Cortelyou, John P. Cbaniherlain, Augustus F. Taylor, Lewis Boisnot, Wiiiium Polhemus; 1847, Jac. R. Skillman, John P. Chamberlain, Augustus F. Taylor, Lewis Boisnot, William Polhemus; 1848, Jac. B. Skill- man, Jobn-P. Chamberlain, Augustus F. Taylor, Lewis Boisnot, John H. Voorhees; 18-19, Henry V. De Mott, John P. Chamberlain, Cornelius S. Nevius, Lewis Boisnot, John H. Voorhees; 1850, Peter S. Brokaw, Michael R. Nevius, Cornelius S. Nevius, James S. Gar- retson, John H. Voorhees; 1851, Peter S. Broka\V, Michael R. Nevius, Cornelius S. Nevius, James J. Garretson, Dr. Lewis H. Mosher; 1852, Peter S. Brokaw, Michael R: Nevius, Cornelius Stout, Jiimes J. Garretson, Jos. Brokaw; 1853-^, Ab. J. Cortelyou, HI arltn S. Garretson, Cornelius Stout; 1855, Ab. J. Cortelyou, Martin S. Ga.r- retson, John V. D. Hoagland ; 1856-57, John V. M. Wyckoff, Michael R. Nevius, John V. D. Hoagland ; 1858, John V. M, Wyckoff, Isaac L. Van Cleef, Simon Wyckoff; 1859-GO, Isaac "W. Pomyea, Charles B. Moore, Simon Wyckoff; 1861, Isaac W. Pomyea, Charles B. Moore, Jacob Wyckoff; 1862, Ab. J. Cortelyou, Jacob "W. Veghte,' Jacob Wyckoff; 1863, Cornelius G. Hoagland, Jacob W. Veghte, Jacob * We have not found any record of town committees prior to 1798. Such were no doubt verbally appointed from as early a date as 1740-50. PETER STOOTHOFF. Elbert, Johannes, Petrus, Cornelius, and Garret Stoothoff, who resided in the vicinity of the Raritans as early as 1717, were children of Garret Elbertse and Johanna Nevius, and grandchildren of Elbert Elbertse Stoothoff, who emigrated from Nieunkirken, Holland, in 1637, and finally settled in Flatlands, where he held large tracts of land. Elbert appears to have returned to Flatlands, and from him are descended the Long Island branch of the family. The subject of this sketch is the great-great-grand- sOp of Garret. His great-grandfather was Albert, his grandfather William, and his father Peter. Wil- liam married Sarah Stoothoff. and had a number of children, of whom Peter alone reached mature years. The latter was born April 11, 1746. His first wife was a Cortelyou, by whom he had three daughters. His second wife was Juda Sutphen, who was born Oct. 25, 1764, and whom he married March 29, 1798. Peter Stoothoff occupied two hundred and twenty- five acres of land at Six-Mile Run, and the fifth gen- eration of the family is still on the tract. He was a member of the Reformed Church of Six-Mile Run, where he held the office of deacon and elder, and died Aug. 7, 1826. His wife died Dec. 24, 1847. Peter Stoothoff, son of Peter, was the only child who grew to manhood. He was born on the home- farm Oct. 2, 1804, and passed his earlier years at work on the old place and in obtaining a common- school education. After the death of his father he came into possession of the homestead, and has re- sided there since, engaged in agricultural pursuits. He has been a member of the Republican party since the war, though he has had no political aspirations. He is a member of the Reformed Church at Franklin Park, with which he has been officially connected both as deacon and elder. He has been an active promoter of the worthy enterprises of his day, and so passed his life as to command the respect and confidence of his friends. He now lives in retirement on his farm, and has attained a ripe old age. Mr. Stoothoff has been twice married. His first wife was Eliza, daughter of Peter Quick, of Ten- Mile Run, whom he married Sept. 8, 1830. She was born Jan. 6, 1806. By this marriage was born a daughter, Ellen, Jan. 21, 1832, died July 3, 1844. Mrs. Stoothoff died June 17, 1832; and on May 1, 1844, Mr. Stoothoof married his present wife, the widow of John S. Garretson, of Readington. She was born May 9, 1811. Of this union have been born Judith A., April 18, 1845, and wife of Charles B. Wyckoff, of Brooklyn; John H., Feb. 27, 1847, at present farming the houie-place ; Sarah, Sept. 27, 1852, residing at home; and Maria, March 15, 1855, died Dec. 12, 1868. FKANKLIN. 815 Wyckoff ; 1864, CorDeliiis G. Hongl»nd. Jacob W. Veghte, Peter A. Voorhees ; 1865, Cornelius G. Hoagland, Benjamin S. Totten, Peter A. Toorhees ; 1866-67, J. V. D. Hoagland, Benjamin S. Totten, Peter A. Voorhees ; 1868-70, J. V. D. Hoagland, Cornelius W. Wyokoff, John B. Van Doren ; 1871, Garretson Hageman, Alfred J. Voorhees, John B. Van Boren; 1872, Garretson Hageman, Peter J. Staats, Alfred J. Voorhees; 1873, Peter J> Staats; 1874, John M. Garretson, Peter J. Staats, Isaac J. Van Nuys; 1875, John M. Garretson, William H. Ayres, Isaac J. Van Nuys ; 187B, William H. Gulick, William H. Ayres, Isaac J. Van Nuys ; 1877, William H. Gulick, William H. Ayres, Isaac J. Voorhees, Garret Voorhees, Jr., John De Mott ; 1878, William H. Gulick, I. J. Van Nuys, Isaac J. Voorhees, Garret Voor- hees, C. N. Staats; 1879, James Cropsey, Garret Voorhees, C. N. Staats ; 1880, jEunes Cropsey, C. Kelson Staats, Matthew Suydam. FRANKLIN TAX-LIST, 1735. The following tax-lists show the number of acres of land, number of cattle, number of sheep, and the amount of tax of every taxable inhabitant of the township of Franklin at a very early date. The figures are arranged in parallel columns, but, for convenience, they are given as below, with the simple explanation that a. is for acres, c. for cattle, s. for sheep, and t. for tax. The spelling of the names is retained, but not the capitalizing. Corel (Col ) Faermer. (Nothing). John Wytknegt, a. 100 ; c. 7 ; (. £1 Is. 3d. Abraham Van Voorhees, a. 297 ; c. 10 ; t. £2 lis. John Graie, a. 3 ; c. 4 ; /. 5s. Id. Hendreryk Van Derbylt, a. 100; c. 12; (. £1 8s. Lymon Van Aare Dalen, u. 200; c. 19 ; «. 13 ; (. £2 lis. 3d. Peterus Wyckof, a. 300; c. 20; s. 20; (. £3 7s. John Wyckoff, a. 300 ; c. 15 ; s. 20 ; (. £3 3d. Jacob Fontyn, a. 120; c. 12 ; «. 5; t. £1 98. 3d. John Metselaer, a. 50 ; c. 9 ; ». 6 ; (. £1 23. 2d. Pieter Metselaer, a. 100 ; c. 9 ; «. 8 ; <. £1 5s. 2d. James Herker, c. 4 ; i. 5s. Eeynier Fontyn, a. 100; c. 13; t. £1 9s. Id. Christyaen Van Dom, a. 350 ; c. 18 ; (. £3 4s. Henderik Blau, a. 140 ; c. 10 ; «. 9 ; i. £1 7s. 2(1. Jacob Buys, a. 50 ; c. 14 ; ». 14 ; (. £1 10s. Johanes Sebrunt, c. 16; ». 3 ; t. £1 8s. 2d. Folkert Folkerse, c. 150 ; c. 15 ; s. 8 ; (. £2 3s. 2d. Charles Fontyn, Sr., a. 150 ; c. 15 ; ». 10 ; (. £2 38. 3d. John Fontyn, c. 6 ; (. 7s. 2d. Denys Van Duyn, a. 200 ; c. 9 ; ». 6 ; (. £1 lOs. Id. Isack Tanse, a. 154 ; c. 13 ; 8. 7 ; <. £2 Is. Gomeles PieteiBe, a. 100; c. 10; (. £1 5s. 2d. Abraham Ouke, a. 6!) ; c. 14 ; ». 15 ; (. £1 lOs. 3d. Comeles Sudam, a. 250 ; c. 14 ; ». 20 ; (. £2 9b. George Andcrse, a. 250; c. 12; «. 12; (. £2 5s. Id. Charles Fontyn, .* ^■s II 11 < 18 60 12 14 32 13 14 1 .S i m 60 120 40 30 60 36 40 % 1 ■s % % 8300.00 678.09 300.00 300.00 350.85 300.00 300.00 $1,000.00 2,000.00 600.00 400.00 1,000.00 800.00 400.00 92 162 81 48 89 44 47 66. South Middlebush... 67 Pleasant Plains 68. Three-Mile Bun 451.33 300.00 300.00 700.00 500.00 500.00 68 75 46 10. 9. 10.5 41 32 15 ■ 16 60 40 70 Ten-Mile Knn 71. Up. Ten-Mile Run.. 73. East Millstone 300.0C 600.00 68 10. 2,533.43 300.00 360.00 600.00 600.00 800.00 153 69 68 10. 9. 9.6 92 62 56 705 36 26 344 40 60 716 87,063.70 810,300.00 1,090 10.0 14 /- 818 SOMERSET COUNTr, NEW JERSEY. The first schoolmaster in this township, if not in the county, was Jacobus Schureman, the ancestor of the family of that name. He was a well-educated man and noted for his piety. He came from Holland in 1720, in company with Dominie Frelinghuysen ; they married sisters. The labors of Mr. Schureman were not confined to one locality, but he itinerated through all the charges of Mr. Frelinghuysen. Prob- ably the school at Three-Mile Eun must be dated back to 1720, for he then lived in that vicinity. The school-house at Weston, near the graveyard, between the river and the present canal, dates back to 1730 or 1740. It was located here to accommodate the large settlement in the northeast corner of Hills- borough (Royston, or Harmony Plains) and those in the northern part of Franklin. The place where it was located was known before the Eevolution as Van Neste. The house was first built of logs. About 1798 a Mr. Gordon taught there ; about 1800, Edward Belcher. Abraham and Garret Montfort are remembered as teachers about 1824. About 1834 this building was burned, and the district was then di- vided into Harmony Plains, in Hillsborough, and Weston, in Franklin. Another very early school was at what is now called East Millstone. It stood about 250 yards south of the present canal bridge, and the canal now passes over its site. It accommodated the present Millstone district, on the west side of the river, and a large sec- tion in the west of Franklin. This building was re- moved to a location west of Millstone church in 1807. Teachers named Flannery and Welsh are remembered by the older people as being here about the opening of the century. The first school-house erected at Middlebush, about 1730, stood opposite the present house of John Wyck- off', and adjacent to an Indian hut then standing ; in it a Mr. Maxwell taught for some time. The second was opposite the present residence of Hon. J. Newton Voor- hees, being then on the land of Garret Voorhees, Sr., and was attended by scholars from the Raritan and near the Landing. The third stood on the present land of John C. Wyckoff, and opposite the house now owned by Jeremiah Voorhees, at the Middlebush road. The fourth was on the opposite side of the road, on land formerly of Frederick Van Liew, de- ceased. The fifth was, and still is, in the rear of the present Middlebush church. The sixth is the " Mid- dlebush Institute,'' erected during the past year by its principal, J. Newton Voorhees. The South Middle- bush school district was formed and the house built in 1858. Abraham Van Nuys, of Harlingen, remem- bers seeing one of the " old-time'' school-houses, cov- ered with a thatch of straw. Doubtless the furniture corresponded with the exterior of the building. At Three-Mile Run, Luke Whitlock, a brother of Mrs. Daniel Branson, was a successful teacher during the first quarter of the present century. He removed with his family to Ohio about 1825. Other teachers at that time were Groves, Eightmire, Vredenberg, Hardcastle, Belcher, etc., all successful. A school committee began to be appointed in 1833.* This was discontinued in 1847, when a "school super- intendent" took the place of the committee. SCHOOL OK TOWSr SUPEEINTENDEN-TS. 1847-48, Rev. J. A. Van Doron ; 1849-51, Balph Voorhees ; 1852, Dr. Lewis H. Moaher; 1853, Rev, George J. Van Neste; 1854^-55, John N. Hoaglnnd ; 1866-58, John J. Van Nostrand ; 1S59-G1, Ralph Toor- hees; 1862, Benjamin S. Totten ; 1863-64, Eev. J. A. Van Doren; 1865-66, Jer. B. Williamson. POST-OFFICES. Before 1800 there were few if any post-offices in Franklin township. The town now has the follow- ing: Griggstown, Kingston, Middlebush, East Mill- stone (Franklin Park, or Six-Mile Run, is on the Middlesex side of the road), Weston, Ten-Mile Eun. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. Franklin township, like Hillsborough, has been noted for its religious character. Yet there was no church in the interior of this township until that of Middlebush was organized, in 1834. Until that date the churches were either on the border or beyond in other townships. The people of the northern part, if able to understand English, attended service at the Presbyterian church of Bound Brook from 1700 onward; those of the eastern portion, if English, went to Woodbridge (where a Presbyterian Church was organized in 1694) until a Presbyterian Church was constituted in New Brunswick ; those of the southern portion went to Kingston. The Dutch in- habitants were at first supplied occasionally by Rev. Guilliam Bertholf, of Hackensack, and perhaps by ministers from New York and Long Island whose churches these people had formerly attended. The Dutch Churches which exist or have existed in this township are Three-Mile Run, 1703-54, when it finally became extinct; Six-Mile Run, 1717 (or pos- sibly 1710); Middlebush, 1834; Griggstown, 1842; Bound Brook, 1846 ; East Millstone, 1855. A Pres- byterian Church was organized at Kingston before 1800, an Episcopal Church at Bound Brook a little later, and a Methodist Church at East Millstone in 1854. There is also a colored Methodist Church of recent origin at South Middlebush. In compiling the history of these churches we have freely used or changed, abridged, or amplified, as seemed expedient, the language of the "Millstone Centennial" (1866), of Dr. Steele's " Historical Dis- courses" (1867), and Dr.Messler's "Historical Notes" (1873) . Considerable new matter has also been added. REFORMED (DUTCH) CHURCHES. The Church at Three-Mile Bun. — As early as 1703, if not before, we find a church in existence at Three- Mile Eun. The people probably also possessed a * 1833-38, James S. Novius, Ralph Voorhees, Wm. Lytle ; 1839-46, John Terhune, Ralph Voorhees, Wm. L^'tle. FRANKLIN. 819 building suited to their circumstances. It was a little east of the old graveyard in that locality, and near the residence of Abram J. Voorhees. There are no records of Consistory known to be in existence. In 1703 we find a list of persons subscribing to the amount of £10 16s. 6d. to pay the expenses of a min- ister from Holland, if one could be found willing to locate among them. These families had settled on the Harrison tract and on the Earitan lots, and a few came from beyond the Millstone. Their names are Dolis Hageman, Tunis Quick, Hendrick Emans, Thomas Court, Jacob Probasco, Nicholas Wyckoff, Aaron L. Draver, Michael L. Moore, John Schede- man, Nicholas Van Dyke, John Van Houten, William Bennet, Folkerd Van Nostrand, Isaac Bennet, Hen- drick Fanger, Abraham Bennet, Cornelius Peterson, Philip Folkeisen, George Anderson, Stophel Probasco, Isaac La Priere, Simon Van Wicklen, Cobes Benat, Garrit Oatman, Lucas Coevert, Brogun Coevert, Wil- liam Van Duyn, John Folkerson, Jost Bennet. The church was not successful in procuring a minister. Eev. Guilliam Bertholf, of Hackensack, N. J., no doubt often ofBciated. But not many years passed before it was discovered that a mistake had been made in locating a church at Three-Mile Eun. The grouping of the people was at Inian's Ferry and at Six-Mile Eun. At both these points the subject of organizing a church was agitated, no doubt as early as 1710. Several meetings seem to have been held concerning this matter; and on April 12, 1717, "in order to prevent disturbance and con- tention, and thereby to establish peace in the church," the following plan was harmoniously adopted : " That the church built near Abrahnni Bennet's shall be considered as belonging to the church of Lawrence Brook and on the river; and that the members of the congregation residing in the neighborhood of Six- and Ten-Mile Kuns shall also build a church for themselves at either of these places, or at somo point intervening, as they may agree." It was also determined that the church at the river (New Brunswick) and at Three-Mile Eun should each have a Consistory, who should co-operate with each other, and, " notwithstanding these two places of worship, the two congregations shall form one church; and in matters of great importance the two Consistories shall meet as one body." Pieter Kinnie was appointed elder, and Elbert Stoothoif deacon, for that portion of the congregation near Six-Mile Eun. In 1720, Eev. Mr. Frelinghuysen took up his abode at this place, and no doubt occasionally preached in the building, but the project of maintaining a sepa- rate organization must have been soon abandoned. Nevertheless, with the disaffection excited by the evangelical preaching of Frelinghuysen, an attempt was made in 1729 to revive this church. Francis Harrison in that year circulated a paper, signed by many of the Three-Mile Eun congregation, pledging the salary of a Low Dutch Eeformed preacher under the Synodical Order of Dort, whom they expected' on the issue of their call. Again, in 1747, when Frelinghuysen was becoming enfeebled by long service, Eev. John Arondeus, of Long Island, came to these parts, and was the cause of no little trouble. As late as 1867 some old people remembered the remains of the foundation of the Three-Mile Eun church. It stood about fifty years. Six-Mile Run. — The first inhabitants of this locality worshiped at Three-Mile Eun, and formed a constitu- ent portion of that congregation. By referring to the history of that church it will be seen that in 1717, "Pieter Kinnie was appointed elder, and Elbert Stoothoff deacon, for that portion of the congrega- tion that was near Six-Mile Eun." As early as 1710 the organization of a church in the neighborhood of Six-Mile Eun had been discussed. About 1717 the combined churches of the Earitan and Millstone val- leys united in sending a blank call to Holland. It was filled after two years of waiting, and Eev. Theo- dorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen took the spiritual charge of all the Dutch in Somerset and Middlesex Counties. Either just before or just after his coming a church edifice was built. It was located on the road running along the south side of the Six-Mile Eun, a mile east of the present church. It was a plain building, and resembled a barn more than a church. It was never finished, having simply weather-boarding, a roof, and a ground-floor, and, instead of seats, the people used the chairs from their wagons or else stood during ser- vice. The exact date of its erection cannot now be ascertained, but it was probably soon after the meet- ing in 1717, noticed above. It was, after the Three- Mile Eun church, the first in that vicinity, and con- tinued to be the place of public worship until 1766. It was in this church that Frelinghuysen preached his famous sermon on the earthquake in 1737. The present register of baptisms at Six-Mile Eun com- mences in 1787. The minutes of Consistory, with the first register, were burnt in the house of David Nevius, clerk of Consistory, in 1796. The loss is irreparable, and cuts us off' from a knowledge of many things in the history of this church previous to this date which might have been important and interesting. Eev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen was born in 1691, at Lingen, in East Friesland, now a province of Hanover, and was educated at his native place under the instruction of Eev. Otto Verbrugge, pro- fessor of theology and Oriental literature. He was ordained to the ministry at the age of twenty-six, and for about two years was the pastor of a church at Embden, in his native country. While thus engaged he received the call from the churches in New Jersey to labor in this destitute field. Failing to secure an assistant. Dominie Frelinghuysen resorted to the ex- pedient of appointing "helpers," after the plan of the apostles. This plan was remarkable in the Dutch Church. Oct. 18, 1736, a Consistory meeting was held at Earitan, there being a full representation of the four 820 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. churches. An address was then resolved upon, to be published to the people of the four churches. This address is given in full in " Our Home," 1873, page 570. The helper appointed for the Six-Mile Church was Elbert Stoothof. Dominie Frelinghuysen died early in 1748, when he had not yet reached his fifty-seventh year. He is buried, according to all the evidence we can gather, in the old yard of the Six-Mile Eun church, and a spot is still pointed out as his last resting-place. The following names embrace the heads of families in Six-Mile Run during the time of T. J. Freling- huysen : Koert Van Voorhees, Isaac Haenrooncot, J. Perrine, Cornells Cornel, R. Merril, Peter Schenck, Gerret Veghten, Isaac Symonse, Hendrik Van Dyke, Jakobus Van Voorhees, Tobias Nevius, Aric Van Arsdalen, Jakobus Strycker, Cornells Van Arsdalen, Abram Van Arsdalen, Jeremias Douty, Theodorus Montfort, Fredrik Van Lieuw, Jan Pijet, Jesse Van Arsdalen, Jochem Gulick, Elbert Stoothof, Cornells Tunise, Johannes Stryker, Fredrik Ferdon, Jacobus Wyckoff, Abraham Vandoren, Benjamin Tailor, Chris- tofel Van Arsdalen, Martynus Voorhees, Jan Van Voorhees, Nichlos Veghten, Daniel Van Vleet, Sam- uel Polen, Albert Schenk, Lucus Van Voorhees, Mar- ten Polen, Johannis Vonk, John Van Arsdalen, Christ. Davidts, Nys Hagaman, Jan Fyne, Cor. Stothoff", E. Suydam, Johannes Bennet, Cornelis Wyckoff", Alex- ander Beert, Dirck Williamse, Jan Sutphin, Hendrik Schenk. Upon the death of Mr. Frelinghuysen the churches of New Brunswick and Six-Mile Run formed an eccle- siastical connection for the settlement of a minister who should devote himself entirely to this field. They called Rev. Johannes Leydt, who became the second pastor of the church of Six-Mile Run. He was a Hollander by birth, born in 1718, but the date of his emigration to America is not known. He was form- ally called on Sept. 27, 1748, and soon after regularly ordained and installed. The Consistories purchased a parsonage with 50 acres of land. This property was located at Three- Mile Run, and is known as the Skillman farm, now in the possession of Isaac W. Pumyea. The old house is still standing, a short distance from the road, in which Mr. Leydt lived during his entire ministry of thirty-five years. Very shortly after his settlement Mr. Leydt inter- ested himself in procuring a charter from the royal Governor for the churches originally embraced in the charge of Mr. Frelinghuysen. This instrument was obtained under the administration of Jonathan Bel- cher, Esq., Governor-in-Chief of the province of New Jersey, and was executed on the 7th of June, in the twenty-sixth year of the reign of King George II. (1753). The trustees under the charter were Rev. Jo- hannes Leydt and Rev. John Frelinghuysen, with the several members of the Consistories of the five churches. The first meeting of the new corporation was held at Raritan, Oct. 31, 1753, when Hendrick Fisher, one of the elders of this church, was chosen president of the board, and arrangements made to carry out the provisions of the charter. About this time the following additional names of families occur: Joseph Folkerse, Benjamin Emans, Johannes Wytneght, Nicholas Boerum, Nicklas Wil- lemse, Lamert Dorlandt, Johannes Pouelse, Gerret Veghten, Nicolas Jonson, Peter Van Zaudt, James Pruyn, Abraham Lott, Johannes Vonk, Bergun Bro- ka, Martyies Hooglandt, Cornelius Van Houteu, Peter Van Nest, Leffert Waldron, Johannes Van Pelt, Jan Sperling, Rem Gerritse, Jonitan Stout, Jan Vander Veer, Ab. Riemer, Jacobus Leek, Isaac Sned- eker, Hendrick Cortelyou, Peter Berrien, Peter Pum- yea, Jan Harrison, William Van Tilburgh, Petrus Nevius, Jost Duryea, Imrias Van Cleef, Michael Van Buren, Alexander Beert, Ab. Simonson, Jan Terhu- nen, Cor. De Hart, AVilliam Dannelsen, Abram Van Doren, Jacobus Vander Voort, Syme Kinne, Jokem Gulick, Cor. Van Harlengen, Joseph Brower, Isaac Snediker, Jonathan Provost, Peter Juricks, Ferdi- nandus Schureman, Johannes Groendyke, Johannes Coevert. The services in the church of Six-Mile Run were held on each alternate Sabbath, and there was great punctuality in the administration of the ordinances. Mr. Leydt was a very laborious minister, and, while he does not seem to have left any distinct impression of his pulpit talents, he is represented to have been very faithful as a pastor. He took an active part in all the public enterprises of the day, and was one of the prominent movers in the establishment of Queens (now Rutgers) College. During the pastorate of Leydt, in 1766, Six-Mile Run built a new church and located it in the village, a few yards south of the then existing court-house. It was inclosed with shingles and painted red, except the front, which was white. It was ceiled with boards, and never painted inside. Its roof had four sides, ter- minating in a cupola. It stood until 1817, when it was removed to make room for another edifice. The ministry of Mr. Leydt was brought to a close by his sudden death, June 2, 1783, in the sixty-fifth year of his age and the thirty-fifth of his pastorate. He preached on Sabbath morning, the day preceding, and was smitten down by paralysis about noon. His funeral was attended from his residence, and he was buried in the yard at Three-Mile Run.* He left two sons, both of whom graduated from Queens College and subsequently entered the ministry. Matthew was pastor of a church in Bucks Co., Pa., and died Nov. 24, 1783. Peter was settled at Ramapo, and * The graveyard had no connection with the old church at this spot, as it was not need us a place of burial until some years after the building was removed. Mr. Leydt'a tombstone stands immediately in front of the gate, with an inscription stating the day of his death and age. His wife, Treyntje Sleight, died Dec. 2, 1703, aged thirty-six, and is buried by liis side. Two other stones mark the graves of his children, — Elizabeth, died Oct. 27, 17G0, aged twelve ; and Anna, died June loth, aged seven months. FRANKLIN. 821 died at that place June 12, 1796. None of tLe de- scendants of Mr. Leydt are now living. His preach- ing was in the Dutch language, during the early part of his ministry, exclusively; in his latter years he preached in English half the time. At the close of the Eevolution this church and Millstone united in calling John M. Van Harlingen, who continued in the charge, residing in Millstone village, until 1795. After being two years without a pastor, James Spencer Cannon, D.D., in 1797, as- sumed the care of the two churches. In 1807, Mill- stone withdrew from the connection, but he continued with this church until 1826. During Dr. Cannon's ministry (in 1817) a new house of worship was erected on the site of that of 1766. In 1827, Rev. James Romeyn became its pastor, and served for six years, being followed by Rev. Jacob C. Sears in 1833. He removed to Six-Mile Run on September 5th of the same year. At the commencement of his ministry the Six-Mile Run congregation had a circumference of not less than 35 miles. It reached from the Am- well road at Middlebush to Cranberry turnpike, and from Three-Mile Run to Rocky Hill. In this terri- tory several new churches have since been established. During these forty years he admitted to the church 300 on profession of faith and 121 by certificate ; 607 children and 34 adults were baptized, and 346 mar- riages solemnized. He was made pastor emeritus in 1878. Jan. 7, 1879, the church building, erected in 1817, was burned to the ground. An organ was being placed in the church, and the fire originated in con- nection with that work. A new edifice was at once erected on the same site, and dedicated in December. In the mean time the church had determined to call a colleague to the venerable Dr. Sears. The candi- date Rev. Rivers Taylor (son of Rev. Dr. Wm. J. R. Taylor, of Newark, N. J.) was called in the summer of 1879, and ordained and installed on the same day the church was dedicated. In 1880 there were 130 families, 290 members (being a revised list), and 200 scholars in the Sabbath-school. Middlebush.— This church was organized March 17, 1834, out of families belonging to the church of New Brunswick. Prior to this it had been an outpost,— a place of catechisation. The edifice was finished in 1834, and Rev. Jacob J. Schultz called from White House and Lebanon to take charge of the new congregation. He continued from 1834 to 1838, when he resigned, in consequence of mental infirmities. He was succeeded in 1838 by Rev. John A. Van Doren, who continued the efficient pastor until 1866. He was subsequently settled at Clinton Station, N. J., 1866-72, and has since resided at East Millstone. Rev George Swaim became the next pastor, and served from 1866-68. Rev. Stephen L. Mershon suc- ceeded, remaining from 1869 until 1874.* *Hi8 first wife, Mary Talmage, was sister to the Talmage brothers, KevB. James, John, Goyn, and T. De Witt ; she died in 1872. A couple of Rev. James Le Fevre is the present pastor, having entered upon his duties in January, 1875. He is a native of New Paltz, N. Y., and was graduated at Rutgers College in 1854, and at the New Brunswick Seminary in 1857. The church now numbers 100 families, 200 communicants, and 140 children in the Sabbath-school. T!ie Church of Origgstown. — This church was or- ganized in June, 1842, out of families worshiping previously at Six-Mile Run and Harlingen. The movement grew out of a desire on the part of the people to enjoy the sacred ordinances nearer their homes. The church assumed the title of the " First Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Griggstown." The sermon was preached by Rev. A. Messier, of Somerville. The names of the first Consistory were Abraham Perlee, Joseph Cornell, John S. Hoagland, and Rynier P. Staats, elders, and Rynier A. Staats, Garret Wyckofif, Peter Cornell, and Martin N. Gulick, deacons. Immediately the Consistory commenced the erection of a church edifice. It was completed and dedicated Aug. 8, 1843. The sermon was preached by Rev. Jeremiah S. Lord, who had been called as pastor, and on the afternoon of the same day he was ordained and installed. He continued to serve until 1847. Rev. John A. Todd became the Second pastor. He immediately settled at Griggstown, where he re- mained for seven years, and was succeeded by Rev. Edward P. Livingston, who served for three years, 1855-58. Rev. Stephen Searle served from 1859 to 1873. Rev. R. G. Williams, a native of Wales, was next called ; Griggstown was his first settlement, 1874-77. He was succeeded, in 1878, by Rev. John Preston Searle, son of Rev. Samuel T., and nephew of the preceding pastor of the same name. In December, 1880, he severed his connection with this church, to accept a call to the First Reformed Church of Som- erville. This church now reports 50 families and 161 communicants, with 100 children in the Sabbath- school. Bound Brooh.—1h.\s church was formed principally from families who had been connected with the Pres- byterian Church of Bound Brook, with a few from Somerville and Millstone, and was organized on Aug. 20, 1846, in the Franklin school-house. The first Consistory were John Lane, Cornelius Messier, Jacob H. Wyckofi", and Caleb C. Brokaw, elders, and An- drew Todd, Daniel H. Voorhees, Elias B. Van Ars- dale, and Henry C. Brokaw, deacons. It began under excellent auspices, and with sufficient numbers to become at once efficient and self-sustaining. A suit- able building was soon erected. It was dedicated May 10, 1848. Its first pastor was Rev. George I. Van Neste, a years after, he consummated a second marriage with the daughter of Key. James Talmage, hut he went from the bridal altar to the sick-bed, and in three days he died,— April 11, 1874. 822 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. native of Weston, this county, Bound Brook being his first charge. Here he remained for six years, 1847-53. Key. William Demarest became the second pastor, in 1854, and continued for three years. Eev. Henry V. Voorhees, the third pastor, remained about four years, from January, 1858, to 1862. Rev. Benjamin F. Komaine succeeded. For five years (1842-47) he was editor of the American Spec- tator, at Albany, N. Y. He was settled at Bound Brook from 1862 to 1868, when he removed to Colum- bus, Ohio, and became secretary of the Colonization Society in that State, and died a few years ago. Eev. Jacob C. Dutcher came next. He was settled at Bound Brook for twelve years, 1868-80. The present pastor is Rev. William E. Lyall. After supplying this church for several months, he was called and installed on May 11, 1880. The church now numbers 69 families and 107 communicants, with 105 children in the Sabbath-school. East Millstone. — This church grew out .of the in- crease of the village on the east side of the Millstone when the Millstone Railroad was built. Three men were most active in securing an organization, — Ernestus Schenck, Dr. Garret Van Doren, and John V. A. Merrill. July 19, 1855, Eev. Mesick, J. A. H. Cornell, William "Pitcher, and the elder Jeremiah Whitenack organized the church. It consisted of eighteen members. The first Consistory were Cor- nelius Broach and John V. A. Merrill, elders, and Richard A. Kuhl and John Stines, deacons. Er- nestus Schenck, J. V. A. Merrill, and Peter Wort- man were appointed a building committee. Rev. John Ludlow addressed the people on the laying of the corner-stone, and Rev. J. M. Matthews, of New York, preached the dedication sermon. The entire cost of the lot, building, and bell was $5748.23. , The first pastor. Rev. Giles Vander Wall, was in- stalled July 9, 1856, and the connection was dissolved June 8, 1858. Mr. Wall went subsequently as mis- sionary to South Africa. Rev. David Cole was called Nov. 23, 1858. He re- mained until April 1, 1863, when he became professor of Latin and Greek in Rutgers College. Rev. Martin L. Berger was called in 1863, and remained until 1866. He was succeeded by Eev. William H. Phraner, from 1866 to 1870. Eev. Alexander Mc- William became the fifth pastor, in 1870, and still continues. He is a native of Scotland, and a gradu- ate from Union College, and the Associate Eeformed Seminary at Newburg. The church now reports 75 families and 155 communicants, with 80 children in the Sabbath-school. PEESBTTEEIAN. The Presbyterian Church of Kingston was estab- lished not later than 1732. It is one of the oldest of that denomination in the State. The building stood near the northeast corner of the cemetery and the school-house. Before there was a church at Prince- ton the people came from that locality to Kingston to worship. The cemetery has in it tombstones dating back to 1756. The first building was a log cabin. The second edifice was built in 1792 ; the third in 1852. It is said that a Eev. Thomas Evans officiated here and at Millstone as early as 1737, but this has not been verified. The following is a list of the ministers from the records of the Presbytery, furnished by Eev. A. L. Armstrong, stated clerk : 1. William Tennent, original member of Presbj'tery of New Brunswick, organized 1738 ; died 1750. 2. Jacob Van Arsdaleu, June 19, 1771 ; relntion dissolved Dec. 13,1775. 3. Stephen Voorhees, Kingston and Assunpink, June 12, 1703; died Nov. 23, 179G.* 4. David Comfort, Kingston and Dutch Neck, June 4,1850; relation to Kingston dissolved April 24, 1850; died Dec. 28, 1853. 5. James C. Watson, Feb. 19, 1851 ; relation dissolved Oct. 17, 1854. 6. Thomas L. Janeway, Nov. 1, 1865 ; relation dissolved Aug. 2, 1801. 7. James H. Callen, May 1, 1802; relation dissolved April 20, 1861. 8. Edward B. Wall, May 3, 1865; relation dissolved Aug. 13, 1807. 9. Joseph R. Mann, Oct. 24, 1867; relation dissolved April 8, 1873. 10. Jubn H. Scofleld, March 25, 1874 ; relation dissolved July 6, 1680. The church now reports 195 members, and 200 chil- dren in the Sabbath-school. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHDBCH OF EAST MILLSTONE was organized in 1855. Its pastors, most of whom served but one year, have been as follows : J. C. Crate, 1856-57; G. W. Batcheldor, 1857-58; G. Neal, 1858-59; H. Butty, 1859-60; J. Hanlon (2 years), 1860-62 ; T. Frazee, 1862-63 ; J. B. Faulks, 1863-64 ; W. W. Wheaton, 1864-65 ; W. Tompkinson, 1865-66 ; E. F. Hadley (2 years), 1866-68; T. Stratton, 1868- 69 ; S. Decker (2 years), 1869-71 ; E. Wilson (3 years), 1871-74; J. O. Winner (3 years), 1874-77; "c. H. Benson, 1877-78; D. W. Eyder (2 years), 1878-80; S. M. Hilliard, present pastor, 1880. Eev. Edward Wilson, one of the above, was born in Liverpool, England, in 1820, and came to the United States in 1840. He was licensed in 1846, by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Indiana. The next year he went to England, and occupied various posts of usefulness. In 1869 he returned to America and settled at Metuchen, N. J. He supplied the Methodist Church of East Millstone for three years, and then became pastor of St. James' Methodist Episcopal Church, New Brunswick. He subse- quently joined the Reformed Episcopal Church, and has lately been elected bishop for Canada. ST. PAUL'S EPISCOPAL CHUECH OF BOUND BBOOK was organized Oct. 6, 1861. The first officers were Capt. T. Augustus Craven, Senior Warden ; Capt. John S. Nicholas, Junior Warden ; John L. Van De- water, Col. Daniel Talmage, Isaac R. Cornell, Thomas L. Wells, Cornelius W. La Tourette, David Mack, and James Eyder, Vestrymen. Its rectors to date have been Eevs. William B. Otis, E. Isaac, Henry A. * Sec Corwin's " Manual of Eeformed Church." FKANKLIN. 823 Dows, J. Van Linge, and C. A. Wenman, the present rector. Prior to building meetings were held in the district school-house, South Bound Brook. The pres- ent number of communicants is 36. The officers are David Mack, Senior Warden ; E. H. Brokaw, Junior Warden ; J. Howard Brown, Fred. Brunhurst, George Briggs, John Waterhouse, C. W. Thomas, F. I. Dibbell, G. W. La Tourette, Vestry- men ; J. Howard Brown, Clerk ; R. H. Brokaw, Treas- urer. The Sunday-school was reorganized Oct. 1, 1879. It has now 35 scholars and 8 teachers. F. I. Dibbell is the superintendent, and 0. W. Thomas the libra- rian. The corner-stone was laid Dec. 26, 1861, by the Rt. Eev. William H. Odenheimer. The edifice was com- pleted in January, 1863, at a cost of about $2000. On the 26th of August, 1862, the building committee entered into a contract with Mr. James N. Voorhees, of Plainfield, N. J., to erect a frame building on the already existing stone foundation, which was com- pleted by him in January, 1863. The above facts are from parish register. ArEICAlI METHODIST CHTJKCH AT MIDDLEBUSH. This congregation bought a building at South Mid- dlebush, Sept. 4, 1876, and were duly organized into a church on Sept. 20th, with Rev. R. Fauset as pastor, and Francis Van Dyke, Samuel S. Garretspn, Lewis Schenck, and William Opdyke as trustees. Mr. Fau- set served three years. In 1879 he was succeeded by Eev. Thomas A. Cuff, the present pastor. The church has 45 members and a Sabbath-school with 32 scholars and 5 teachers. Another small African church exists at Ten-Mile Run. ROM.VN CATHOLIC CHURCH OF EAST MILLSTONE. This church, erected at East Millstone in 1864, was at first under charge of Eev. John Rodgers, of New Brunswick, and his curates. Rev. Mr. Nederhouse, Eev. Mr. Mezlington, and Rev. Mr. Lynch, during the first six years of its existence. It was enlarged about 1870. Afterwards it was supplied by the priests of Raritan,— viz.. Rev. Mr. Keader, 1870-74; Rev. Mr. Marshall, 1874-76 ; and Rev. Mr. Ziramer, for six months. It has been served by Rev. Mr. Vanden Bo- gart, of Bound Brook, since 1876, who is the present incumbent. Franklin township has also been the birthplace of a large number of clergymen. The following is a list (for full biographies, particulars, and character- ization see Corwin's "Manual of the Dutch Re- formed Church" and Messler's "Historical Notes"): John Frelinghuysen, Theodore Frelinghuysen, Ja- cobus Frelinghuysen, Ferdinandus Frelinghuysen, Henricus Frelinghuysen, Garret I. Garretson, Martin Schenck, John W. Schenck, T. B. Romeyn, Albert V. Gulick, Uriah D. Gulick, Jacob W. Schenck, Isaac S. Schenck, Isaac P. Brokaw, Ralph W. Brokaw, John A. Van Neste, Benjamin V. D. Wyckoff, John Oppie, William H. Van Doren. CEMETERIES. Only one Indian burying-ground can now be iden- tified. It is at the mouth of the One-Mile Eun, near Earitan Landing. In a survey of an ancient line between the lots of Inians and Bainbridge, it is de- scribed as commencing at the bank of the Earitan, in an " Indian burying-ground." Almost all the old families had places of sepulture on their farms; occasionally several — as when a com- pany purchased land together — would use a common plot. The first burial-place was probably that on the Middlebush road, south of the church. The burying- ground of the Van Doren family was begun in 1743 ; in 1836 the title passed to the church. There is a brick-walled family yard between Bound Brook and Weston, opposite the mouth of the Millstone Eiver. The Elm Eidge Cemetery, used largely by the people of Six-Mile Eun, is just over the line, in Middlesex, as is also the cemetery at Three-Mile Eun. There is also a graveyard a little north of Griggstown, used by the inhabitants of that locality. Another yard exists on the farm of H. Van Doren, between Franklin Park and Blackwell's. Another is found on the farm of J. Veghte, near Pleasant Plains school. An old yard also exists at Weston, near the canal. Other family plots no doubt exist, but they are unknown to the writer. At East Millstone is the largest cemetery in the township. It is known as the " Cedar Hill Cemetery," and was started in 1859. It is owned by a stock com- pany, which, under the title of the "Cedar Hill Cemetery Association," was incorporated in 1859 by Ernestus Schenck. Joseph Howell, John V. A. Merrill, John V. D. Hoagland, Joseph H. Olcott, Peter N. Beekman, and Peter P. Wortman, " and such other persons as are now their associates, or shall hereafter become associated with them." The size of the ceme- tery is limited to ten acres. The business is con- ducted by a board of seven managers. The lands of the association, and the burial-lots made out of the same, are to be forever exempt from taxation. No street or road can be laid through the cemetery with- out the consent of the association. THE MILLSTONE BUILDING TION AND LOAN AS50CIA- was organized March 1, 1871, under an act of the Legislature approved Feb. 28, 1849. Its members pay $1 per month upon each share, upon which they are entitled to borrow of the association $200; this precise sum is called " a loan." If a loan is awarded to a member at a premium of 5 per cent., he receives $190, but pays interest on $200. This feature is legal- ized by the Legislature, so that it shall not be deemed usurious. The first officers were : President, Adrian / 824 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Olcott ; Treasurer, J. V. D. Hoagland ; Secretary and Solicitor, N. S. Wilson ; Directors : for three years, F. V. L. Disborough, William B. Eibble; for two years, R. H. Hulick, W. E. Corliss; for one year, 0. G. Van Cleef, J. H. Stryker. THE FRANKLIN FARMERS' MUTUAL FIRE ASSUR- ANCE ASSOCIATION was incorporated May 26, 1879, by Jobn M. Garret- son, Peter S. Ditmars, Peter N. Van Nuys, Ditmars Coe, Peter J. Staats, Andrew T. Vroom, James Z. Bergen, Is. V. C. Wyckoff, Isaac L. Voorhees, Peter W. Wikoff, James A. Van Nuys, Matthew Suydam, and Ralph Voorhees ; its general place of meeting is East Millstone. The company insures dwellings and other buildings, household goods, and personal property against loss or damage by fire or lightning. The amount of premium notes actually given in at its organization was $.5000. It was to begin business on June 2, 1879, or as soon as the agreements for insur- ance reached the sum of $150,000. The company is to cease on June 2d, 1909. INDUSTRIES. Agriculture is the principal business of Franklin township, which contains 322 farms. Formerly there was considerable distillation carried on in this township, but now very little. Isaac Davis for many years manufactured whisky and cider on the place now owned by Nelson Staats. Isaac Brokaw carried on the same business on the same place after Davis died. When the canal was built, in 1832, the still-house was taken down. There was also a still-house at Weston owned by John M. Bayard. It stood opposite the present grist-mill, where the store now stands, and was started in 1805. It was taken down by William T. Rodgers, a sub- sequent owner of the property. Adam Smith had a tannery at Weston, near the present blacksmith-shop, anterior to the Revolution. He died about 1830, a very old man. Washington Barcalow also formerly had a tannery at Middlebush. In 1846 there was a flax- and husk-mill built at East Millstone to prepare husks for mattresses. This was altered in 1858 into a distillery. The building was burned in 1859, but at once rebuilt. High-wines were manufactured. The mill was originally built by Olcott Brothers. It was carried on by them until 1872. Then it was run under the name of J. H. Ol- cott & Co., the silent partner being John M. Prudens ; in 1875 it was bought by John M. Prudens & Brother. In 1877, Kupfer & Co. became proprietors ; they made yeast and high-wines. In 1879 it passed into the hands of Tauskey & Co. Gaff, Fleischman & Co. became the owners in 1880. MILLS. The first mills were erected on the smaller streams to avoid the expense of too large dams. One was erected on the Mile-Run Brook, near the Raritan, at a very early period, — probably soon after 1700. It was built and owned by a Voorhees. It was taken down previous to 1765, when the road by Voorhees' house is described as passing over the old mill-dam. There was another mill on the next small stream above the Mile Run, which also flowed into the Rari- tan ; this was 2J miles above New Brunswick. The land early belonged to Gerardus Beekman, but sub- sequently came into the possession of the Van Tines. Jacques Van Tine was operating a mill on this stream, known later as Rappelye Brook, in 1735. The Dutch settlers at Middlebush needed mills, and no less than three were located on the Six-Mile Run. One was near the Middlebush road, and was owned by Lucas Voorhees ; another was a mile farther up the stream, and owned by Simon Wyckoff. The writer is unable to locate the third. Mills were built on the Millstone at a very early period ; John Harrison is said to have had one at Rocky Hill as early as 1716. One or more were built nearGriggstown between 1730-4:0, if not earlier. After the canal was opened, in 1832, the Griggstown Mill was located on its bank. The mill at Weston was erected between 1740 and 1750 by Henry Schenck, brother of Peter, who had erected about the same time the one now known as Blackwell's. The following have been owners of the Weston Mills: Henry Schenck (died Jan. 31, 1767, aged fifty years) ; Abram Van Neste (died Aug. 15, 1779); Israel Harris, 1779 (?)-1803 ; John M. Bayard, 1803-19 ; William T. Rodgers, 1819^3 ; Isaac R. Cornell, 1848-65; Rockhill Robeson, 1865-75; and Adrian Olcott, 1875. These proprietors have occa- sionally rented out the mill to other parties. \ Jacob Shurts built a grist-mill at South Bound •'? Brook (now Bloomington) about 1840. It stands on the bank of the canal. The following account of the mills in 1735 is from Ralph Voorhees' papers. The description differs slightly from the preceding : " There appear to liave been six, — four on the smaller streams, — ^being owned as follows ; 1. Coert A'an Voorhees, on the Mile-Kiin Brook, at the Landing; 2. Jacus Fontine, about a mile farther up the river, on what was palled the Kappleye Brook ; 3. John Folkers, on the old Folkerson property, upon the brook emptying into the Raritan, a few yards east of the house now owned aud occupied by Abram Sebring; 4. Simon Wyckoff, on Six-Mile Run, about 1^ miles below the old road running from Six- Mile Run to New Brunswick. The otlier two were located on the east side of the Millstone, one being owned by Lewis Moore, successor to John Harrison, the great landholder, who built this mill previoxis to 1716, and was located on the east side of the river, at Rocky Hill. The other, 2 miles below the former, was owned by Benjamin Griggs.* Tliis last- named mill was owned in 1762 by Kicholas Veghten, and afterwards by Abraham Van Doren. It was taken down in 1831 to make way for the Delaware and Raritan Canal." MILITARY. Franklin township suffered during the Revolution to a great extent. It lay in the path of the two armies crossing and recrossing the State, and in the varying fortunes of war was at one time in the hands ♦ Griggstown must have received its name from Benjamin Griggs. ^^^ ^^^y^^^ '>L'\^ y^z-^-^vs^wi /'Vv ) FEANKLIN. 829 of the enemy and at another under the protection of Mends. During the winter of 1776-77 the country was frequently ravaged by foraging-parties. At Three- Mile Eun the buildings were all plundered, and fre- quently fired. Barns were torn down to supply tim- ber for the construction of a temporary bridge over the Raritan, and some of the most wanton cruelties were inflicted.* During the late civil war this township sustained an honorable record, and contributed its full share of men and means to suppress the rebellion. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ALBERT V. GARRETSON. James Garretson, grandfather of Albert V., lived at an early period in Hillsborough township, about one mile and a half from Blaokwell's Mills. His wife's name was Helena, and the issue of the marriage Peter, John, Garret, Stephen, Samuel, Sarah, who married Herman Cortelyou ; Ida, who married John Stothoff ; and another, who married Abraham Cortelyou. Samuel Garretson, father of our subject, was born on March 11, 1776 ; married, Nov. 28, 1799, Helen, daughter of Peter Voorhees (born March 17, 1782), and had the following children, — viz., Magdalene, bom Sept. 23, 1800, who became the wife of John P. Voorhees; Maria, born Dec. 25, 1802; Peter, born Jan. 29, 1805 ; James, born April 2, 1807 ; Albert V., born Nov. 2, 1809 ; John, born June 29, 1812 ; Ry- nier Staats, born Oct. 4, 1814 ; Peter, born March 9, 1817 ; Sarah, wife of Benjamin Smith, born May 25, 1820 ; Hiram, born Oct. 16, 1802 ; and Samuel, born June 3, 1826. Samuel Garretson passed his days as a farmer where his grandson, by the same name, now resides, in Franklin township. He lived a quiet, peaceful life, and was respected in the community for his integrity and fair dealing. He was formerly a * The following schedule of property taken from Mr. John Van Liew, of Three.Mile Kan, will illustrate the ruthless spirit of the enemy and the hardships encountered hy the inhabitants dqring the war. The list is valuable as exhibiting the price of different articles at the commence- ment of the Kevolution, £1 representing $2.60 of our currency. Only the more important articles taken by the " BegulaTS" are enumerated : £ s. X span horses 36 1 colt, two years old 12 60 bushels com 12 10 28 bushels wheat 10 Kiding chair and harness 15 30 tons of hay 105 cows 51 15 26 head of sheep 17 10 38 Albany boards i 15 700 thin Albany boards 2 9 1 house bui'ned SO 15 bushels potatoes 1 17 300cwt. flour 2 M 100 fowls 3 16 8 turkeys 1 60 pounds of pork 5», iOIRaiE^iHT ©©., IFO. ^. FRANKLIN. 833 who married Jacob Van Nostrand. The mother sub- sequently married Garret Neviua. Joseph A. Suydam was born on the old homestead, Dec. 14, 17T2. He married Mary, daughter of Mat- thew Brown, of Six-Mile Run, Sept. 25, 1797. She was bom May 3, 1774. The issue of the marriage were Abraham J., bom July 21, 1798; Matthew, born Feb. 22, iSOl, died Feb. 26,1824; Jane Voor- hees, born Oct. 2, 1803, died Dec. 26, 1820 ; Andrew, born Aug. 9, 1806, now deceased ; Peter, born Dec. 18, 1808; John, born Oct. 18, 1810, died June 21, 1846 ; and Isaac, born Sept. 2, 1816, died Jan. 6, 1836. Joseph A. Suydam passed his life as a farmer where Peter J. Suydam now lives. He died Dec. 22, 1867, atfad his wife on May 21, 1851. Abraham J. Suydam was born on his father's home- stead, at Pleasant Plains, on the date mentioned above. He enjoyed the benefits of a common-school education, and married, on May 3, 1826, Ida, daughter of John and Jane Williamson Pumyea, of Three-Mile Run. She was born Oct. 23, 1802. He then engaged in farming at Three-Mile Run, on a farm which he still owns. In the year 1850 he purchased his present farm, of the estate of Simon Van Liew, where he has since resided. The life of Mr. Suydam has been a quiet and unostentatious one, free from public an- noyances and the strife and confusion of political life. In politics he is a Republican, and has served on tiie town committee of Franklin township, as collector, overseer of the poor, and as freeholder for three years. He bears an unblemished reputation, and enjoys the ftill confidence of his friends and acquaintances. H^ has contributed cheerfully tp all, worthy purposes throughout a long life, and is a member of the Re- formed Church of Six-Mile Run. His wife died Aug. 18,1875?.'^' " '." .. '\ ', " The children of Mr. Suydam have b,e'eii Jane, born April 27, 1827, died Feb. iBj 186|;' John P., born Oct. 12, 1829, residing in Newark ; Mary, bpiai June 15, 1831, died March 1, 1852; Mayhew, born Jan. 27, 1833, living on the home farm ; Agnes Ann, born Sept. 22, 1835, married Theodore Skillman, June 1, 1859; Isaac A., born April 9, 1837, died Sept. 11, 1863 ; Abraham A., born Dec. 23, 1838, died May 9, 1865 ; and Peter P., born Aug. 23, 1846, died Dec. 28, 1846. ' ■ JOHN S. NEVIUS. Johannes Nevius, from Solen (probably Solingen, in Westphalia), was the ancestor of the Nevius family in America. He was'a ISiie^ by occupation, and through his traffic witW th^ Dtitbh colony of New Am- sterdam finally settled at me latter place. The rec- ords of the Dutch Churcli show that on Nov. 18, 1653, the banns of marriage were declared between Johannes Nevius, from Solen; and Araientje Bleyck, from Batavia, isle of Java, East Indies'. ,'J'ohannes oflfered a loan of forty dollars to the city of ^ew Am- sterdam that same year for erecting the palisades, and in 1635 he. was taxed twenty dollars to defray the , expenses of constructing the city defenses. In this latter year he was also elected a city schepeh, and in 1658 he succeeded to the office of " secretary of the court of burgomasters and schepens." While fill- ing this position he occupied the City Hall, on the present line of Pearl Street, opposite Coenties Slip, and was at one time granted permission to sow grain in the front yard of the hall. When New Amster- dam surrendered to the English, in 1665, he was. su- perseded in office by Nicholas Bayard, after which he resided at the ferry-landing on Long Island,- prob- ably until his death. ' Johannes Nevius had eight children, — viz^, Jo- hannes, born in 1654; Sara, born in 1656; Oomelis, born in 1657 ; Marie, born in 1658 ; Cornells (sec- ond), born in 1661 ; Petrus, born in 1662 ; Sara Cath- arine, born in 1664 ; and Johanna, born in 1667 or 1668. '•*■■■ Petrus was the one through whom comes the Som- erset County line. He was baptized in New Amster- dam on Feb. 4, 1663. In 1683 he was living at Flat Lands. In 1687 he took the oath of allegiance to the English, and was yet living at Flat Lands in 1698^ with his wife, Janetje Roeloflf Schenck (whom he inarried June 22, 1684), seven children, and one sUve;. His son, David, was born in 1702, and was baptized at Brooklyn. He was the assesspr of Franklin town- ship, Somerset Co;, in 1745, and had six children, — 834 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. viz., Albert, William, Peter D., Neltje, Janetje, and Altje. Peter D. had five children, — Garret, David, 'Peter, John, and Albert. John S. Nevius, the subject of this sketch, is the son of Garret, and was horn Oct. 19, 1797, at Griggs- town, N. J., where his father was a blacksmith and farmer. His mother was Mary, daughter of John Staats, of Hillsborough township. Mr. Nevius passed the earlier years of his life at home, and en- joyed the benefits of a common-school education. In the year 1812 his father came into possession of the family homestead, at present occupied by our subject, and at his death, in 1819, it passed by will to the latter and his brother, Peter G., then comprising one hundred and fifty-three acres. Soon after, Mr. Nevius purchased the interest of his brother in the property, and resided there until 1845. He then purchased the farm of one hundred and fifty acres where Abraham V. Polhemus resides, and resided there twenty years, after which he returned to the home farm, which, with his son. Garret, and his grandson, is now occupied by the sixth genera- tion of the family. Mr. Nevius has confined his life- work to the cultivation of the soil, and by industry, fru- gality, and conscientious principles of life has accumu- lated a large estate and placed himself in the front rank of the agriculturists of his township. He is a Demo- crat of the Jacksonian school, but has held only minor offices. He is a liberal supporter of the various be- nevolent enterprises of his day, and a member of the Franklin Park Reformed Church. His first wife was Mary, daughter of Andrew Brown, of Six-Mile Run, whom he married in 1819. The children were Garret, who occupies the old home- stead with his father, and Ann (deceased), wife of Frederick Disbrow, of Millstone. Their mother, who was born in 1796, died in 1830. In 1844, Mr. Nevius married a second wife, the widow of Jaques Voor- hees, who died in 1870, aged seventy-five. MONTGOMERY. LOCATION— AREA— BOUNDARY. MONTGOMEEY is the southernmost township of Somerset County. Hillsborough bounds it on the north ; on the east the Millstone River separates it from Franklin and Mercer Counties, while East Amwell township bounds it on the west. In the " New Jersey State Gazetteer" of 1834 the township is described as being 8 miles long by 8 wide, and as having an area of 36,500 acres. It should be remembered, however, that at the time this description was given the town- ship included a large tract of land subsequently taken ofi' and annexed to the township of Princeton, in Mer- cer County. An act of the Legislature passed Feb. 27, 1838, established the following as the boundaries of Mont- gomery : " All that part of the township of Montgomery, in the county of Som- ereet, which lies south of the following line — to wit: Beginning on the Millstone River, where the boundary line between the countieB of Mid- dlesex and Somerset crosses the same, continuing down said river to the original southeasterly corner of a tract of land called the Van Horn tract, and thence running westerly along the original south boundary of said tract, and continuing on in the same course to the middle of the road called the Pennington Boad, leading from the village of Rocky Hill to the village of Pennington, and thence westerly along the middle of said road to the boundary line of the county of Somersel: — shall be, and the same is hereby, attached to and made a part of the county of Mercer ; ... and said line shall hereafter be the boundary line between the county of Mercer and the county of Somerset." * The territory thus taken off contained 16,910 acres, leaving the present area of Montgomery 19,590 acres. • Acts of the Assembly, 1838, p. 209. NATURAL FEATURES. The surface is hilly, the soil clay, sandy loam, and red shale. Along the water-courses there is a large amount of fine bottom-land, in which the red shale is predominant. Beeden's Brook flows through the southern part of the township. The north branch of Beeden's, and Black, Roaring, and No-Pike Brooks, are tributaries of Beeden's. In the western portion of the township is the Sour- land Ridge, one of whose peaks rises to a height of several hundred feet. The "Roaring Rocks" are in this chain. They consist of a series of rocks and caves, beneath which is a constantly-flowing stream, the waters of which make a peculiar echo or roar as they dash from rock to rock. The "Devil's Half-Acre" is another point of interest in the Sour- land Ridge. It is a wild spot, and takes its name from a number of rocks thrown in great disorder over a apace of about half an acre, as indicated in the name. Some of these rocks are of very curious con- formation. One is known as "Table Rock." The locality is unfit for human habitation, and to our superstitious forefathers it was a spot to be avoided, as if it was the veritable abode of the Evil One. Robbed of its superstitious terrors, it has become, in these latter days, a favorite resort for picnic-parties. The spot is now the property of David C. Voorhees, who purchased it a few years ago. MONTGOMERY. 835 EARLY TITLES AND SETTLEMENT. Peter Sonmans,* son of Arent Sonmans, one of the twenty-four, proprietors, in 1693 obtained a deed for a tract of about 36 square miles, embracing a large part of Montgomery. His line began near Clover Hill, and ran southeast along the present county line for 6i miles, to a point directly west of Blawen- burg, and thence east and southeast, bordering on the land of Dr. Greenland, to the Millstone River, near Rocky Hill ; thence down the river IJ miles to the previous river grants {Benthall, etc.), and so along the southerly and westerly sides of these and the lands of Royce until it struck the Raritan, following which and the South Branch, and winding around a couple of plantations previously ceded to Daniel Hooper and John Bennett (1683), his bounds returned to Clover Hill, the place of beginning. The southern portion of this tract, being 6800 acres in Montgomery town- ship, in 1706 came into the possession of William Dockwra, who sold it the next year to John Van Home. South of Sonmans' tract were the plots of Richard Stocking, on the west, and Dr. Henry Greenland, on the east, extending to the Millstone, both in this town- ship. That of Greenland was purchased prior to 1685, — nearly or quite ten years before Peter Sonmans be- came a land-owner here. He was away up the Mill- stone, " solitary and alone in the wilderness," in the vicinity of what, no doubt, is now Rocky Hill.f In the north part of what is now Montgomery town- ship, on the east, were the lots of Thomas Hart and Walter Benthall (1690), and, on the west, the "Har- lingen tract," of 8939 acres, which was the central third part of the Sonmans possessions. Thomas Hart, of London, one of the proprietors of East Jersey, by his attorney. Rip Van Dam, of New York, conveyed 4000 acres to Gerardus Beekman, Adrian Beekman, William Crood, John Aortson, Thomas Casdale, and Lancaster Symes ; this transfer was consummated December 14th, in the sixth year of the reign of William HI. October 26th, in the first year of the reign of George II., William Beek- man and Catharine, his wife, sold 1333 acres of the above-mentioned tract to Christopher Hoagland.J The Harlingen tract was the purchase of seventeen Dutch settlers, in 1710, of Peter Sonmans ; their names were Octavio Conraats, Ab. Wendell, merchant, Adrian Hooglandt, Isaac Governeur, of New York City, Anna Volkers, widow, of Kings Co., L. I., Henry Hegeman, Francis Van Lewen, William Be ekman, of Queens « Mr Sonmans was a native of Holland, educated at Leyden, and held important offices under King William III., He was surveyor-general of Jersey four years, a member of the Council, a judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas, and represented Bergen County in the General Assembly. Although a churchman by profession, he gave land for a dissenting church at HopeweU and for a Dutch church at what is now HarUngen.- Colonud Biit. Neu! York, vol. v. pp. 204, 328, etc. .f Dr. Corwin's " Centennial Memorial of Millstone D. K. Church, ' 1866. „ . ^ X From a deed in possession of Henry V. Hoagland, of Gnggstown, N.J. Co., L. I., Joseph Hegeman, Hendrick Veghte, Cor. Van Duyn, Wouten Van Pelt, Ort Van Pelt, of Kings Co., L. I., Dirck Volkers, of New Jersey, Peter Cor- telyou, Jacob Van Dyke, and Claas Volkertse, of Kings Co., L. I. It was bounded as follows : '* Beginning at the south corner of land of William Flumstead, bein^ IJ^ miles and 4 chains from Millstone Eiver (by what is now the New Amwell Road) ; thence south-southwest 2^ miles and 8 chains, west- northwest 1 mile 18 chains, south-southwest 2% miles and 7 chains, west 3^2 miles and 3 chains to the partition line between East and West Jersey ; thence north 14° west 30 chains, north 53° east 7 miles and 20 chains, east 1 mile and 17 chains, to place of beginning, having lands of Plumstead, Barker, Hart, and Benthall on the east, and the division line and other lands of Peter Sonmans on the west." The eastern and southern line of this tract ran from the present farm of Adrian Merrill, west of Millstone, along the present road, which is on that line, to the present farm of Theodore Wyckoff, thence to the old Harlingen cemetery, and thence southwest and west to Rock Mills. Not quite two-thirds of the Harlingen tract lay within this township, all north of the church lot and William Beekman's land being in Hillsborough.^ John Harrison was an early settler, residing at Rocky Hill in 1717, or possibly some years earlier. He was engaged in 1701, by the Governor and pro- prietors of East Jersey, to extinguish the Indian title to lands in their province. In a deed obtained from Nowenock, an Indian chief, dated June 24, 1717, he is called " John Harrison, of Rockie Hill." He is accredited with owning the first mills on the Millstone, which were built previous to 1716, with purchasing large tracts of land still earlier, and is known to have been a member of Assembly from Somerset County in 1703, and again in 1707 ; it is therefore not unlikely that he settled here about the^ beginning of the eighteenth century. || Hendrick PolhemusH settled in Harlingen at an unknown date (probably about 1730), upon a large tract of land said to contain 708 acres, and extend- ing fi-om the Millstone River to Harlingen, which was purchased by his father, Daniel, in 1728, jointly with Cornelius Cornell, of Rip Van Dam and Lan- caster Symes, for £1775. Daniel did not occupy this- land, but, dying soon after the purchase (just prior to- 1730), his son, Hendrick, came into possession, Cor- l See map of land titles, in this work. 1 See, further, sketch of the Harrison family in Tranklin township- history. f The original name was Polheem, the Latin terminal i« being afttxed, as a mark of eminence, according to a custom once prevalent in Holland among men of distinction. Anciently some members of this family en- Joyed celebrity in the cities of Antwerp and Ghent. Bleazer Polhemus was a learned jurist and burgomaster of Antwerp in 1310. Johannel Theodorus Polhemus, the progenitor of all the famiUes of the name in America, was a minister of the Eeformed Church of Holland ; he came in 1654, was pastor of the church at Tlatbush from 1664 to 1666, and of that at Brooklyn until his death, June 9, 1676. His wife was Catharina Van Werven; his children were Theodorus, Daniel, EUzabeth, Adriana, Anna and Margaret. Daniel left sons,— Cornelius, Daniel, Hendrick (the pioneer of HarUngen), and Jacob. All left families. See " Biker's Annals of New Town" (Long Island), for further particulars of thesft families. 836 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. nell releasing to him his half-interest. Hendrick very soon after removed to and settled upon it ; there he built a log house. He was succeeded on the home- stead by his son Hendrick ; Hendrick by his son Dan- iel (the father of Hendrick Polhemus, for some time pastor of the churches of Harlingen and Neshanic, who died in 1813) ; Daniel by his son Isaac ; and Isaac by his son Isaac, lately deceased, brother of Bernard Pol- hemus, now of Somerville, and Peter G. Polhemus, now of New Brunswick. The old homestead is now owned by William Williamson, who resides thereon. It was in the possession of the Polhemus family for nearly five generations. The farm is the northern strip of the original patent of Mr. Hart. Henry Polhemus, for years pastor of the Harlingen Reformed Dutch Church, was a native of Montgomery township, Harlingen being his birthplace. He was a great-great-grandson of the Daniel Polhemus who was a captain of the troops in Kings County, super- visor of Flatbush in 1705, afterwards county judge, the purchaser of the 708-acre tract in Montgomery, Som- erset Co., and who died in 1728 or 1729. He was also a great-grandson of the first of the name in Harlin- gen, the Hendrick mentioned in the preceding para- graph. The Beekmans* were among the earliest settlers in this township. Gerardus was a physician at Flatbush, L. I., a member of Leisler's council, and afterwards of the council of New York from Cornbury's time until his death, in 1723. One of his sons, William, was a, purchaser in the Harlingen tract of 1710, and several of his descendants settled between 1700 and 1722 on the Millstone Eiver. From one of these ultimately sprang Bev. Jacob T. B. Beekman, who was born on the Ten Broeck homestead, near Harlingen. He died April 23, 1875. His son. Judge George C, is a prominent lawyer and jurist of Monmouth County. Samuel Beekman (oldest son of Samuel, who was the second son of Martin) — generally known as "Capt." — ^was born Sept. 21, 1767. After his mar- riage to Helena Ten Broeck, of Montgomery, he sold the old Beekman homestead, on the south bank of the Raritan, which he had inherited, to his sister Cornelia, and lived the remainder of his days on the Ten Broeck homestead, near Harlingen. His wife was the daughter of Cornelius Teii Broeck, originally from Ulster Co., N. Y. Capt. Beekman died in 1851 ; he was one of the most active members of the Harlingen Dutch Reformed Church. His son, Cornelius T. B., born October, 1789, resided the latter part of his life at Harlingen ; another son, Peter T. (born April 21, 1796, married Eliza Carpenter, who died in May, 1833), owned and conducted Corle's Mills for some years, and was a member of the State Legislature. Christopher Beekman, son of Gerardus, and a de- scendant of Col. Gerardus, the early settler and mem- ber of the Provincial Council, " lived on the rear of * This waa BcecJcman in German. the old homestead near Harlingen, and died about 1820, ninety-six years of age."t One of the descend- ants, John A., was killed by a falling tree at Griggs- town, Sept. 21, 1829.t In 1710, Hendrick Hageman, probably a son of Aaron, the emigrant, was one of the owners of the Harlingen tract, purchased of Peter Sonmans. Aaron and his wife, Catharine, settled at Flatbush, N. Y., in 1661. He had seven children, — Joseph, Hendrick, Jacobus, Abram, Denice, Benjamin, and Elizabeth. | Joost Duryee was a native of France. In 1753 he purchased 264J acres, in Montgomery township, of Abraham Van Horn, merchant, of New York, for £1058, current money of the colony of New York. Joost Duryee was the great-great-grandfather of Al- exander D., who now lives on the old homestead. The cottage erected by him remained standing on this land until twenty-four years ago. It was of the Dutch style of architecture, — high-pointed gables, and the eaves so low that they could be reached by a man of ordinary stature. It was torn down in 1856, and the residence of Garret Vreeland erected on the site. William Duryee was his son, and the grand- father of Alexander D. He married Anna Berrien, and had one child, — Henry, — who was father of the following: William (deceased), Ann (deceased), Catharine, Abraham, Mary, Henry, Sarah Emma, Augustus (deceased), and Alexander D. The father )Henry) died in 1870, at the age of eighty-four; his wife died in 1854. Of his children five married, — viz., William, Eveline Barnum, in Illinois ; Ann, Peter TST. Beekman, of Millstone, who (1880) survives her ; Catharine, Jacob S. Williamson, of Clover Hill ; Henry, Mary Baker, of New Brunswick ; Alexander, Elizabeth C. Vreeland, of Bergen, a suburb of New Brunswick. The homestead is occupied by Alexander and his sisters. Misses Mary and Emma. Ann Duryea, of Blawenburg, married James Barcalow, a son of Col. Farrington Barcalow, of Millstone. Rynear Staats, son of Abram (?), purchased of Cor- nelius WyckofF some 350 acres, located on the Mill- stone about a mile below Griggstown. Seytje Van Nest, his wife, was born, it is thought, in Hillsborough township, as was her husband, whose father was one of its early settlers. He had two sons, of whom Abram was the oldest, and three daughters. Abram had five sons — John, Henry, Abram, Rynear, and Gerret — • and four daughters, — Maria, Martha, Phoebe, and Petrunella. All are deceased except Rynear and Abram ;. the latter has been a resident of Cayuga Co., N. Y., since 1836. Rynear is living upon a part of the old homestead ; his wife was Mary Van Derveer. t Ralph Voorheea, " The Raritan," etc., p. 494. X See further mention of this family in the history of Hillsborougli township. g See a general sketch of the Hageman family in Franklin township history ; also mention of Andrew, Rev. Chas. S., and John F. Hageman, Bsij., on pp. 591-92, 619-20, and 641 ; and of Dr. A. P. Hageman, on page . 840. @ (IS) & @ M S3 @ @ @ Ik!. @ MONTGOMERY. 837 Of the old family of Maj. Jolin Baird, formerly re- siding at the river bridge near Griggstown, none now remain in the township ; one son, Benjamin, is living at Ten-Mile Run. THE YOORHBES FAMILY. John Stevens Van Voorhees came from Flatbush (or riatlands), L. I., to Montgomery township in 1738, purchasing a farm of 345 acres southeast of Blawenburg, on the road to Princeton. An old parchment deed shows that he purchased this land of Nicholas Lake, of New Brunswick, for £427. He lived there for sixteen years, and in 1754 purchased what is now known as the Voorhees homestead. The deed bears date of "the first day of May, in the twenty-seventh year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord, George the second, Anno Domini one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four," and is between " Abra- ham Van Home, of, the city of New York, merchant, and Catharine, his wife, of the one part, and John Van Voorhees, of the county of Somerset and Eastern division of the Province of New Jersey, yeoman, of the other part." For the 201J acres of land therein mentioned he gave £806, " current money of the colony of New York," — about $20 per acre. This was located on the north branch of Beden's Brook, in the township of Montgomery. Both John Van Voorhees and his wife lived to a good old age, the former being nearly one hundred, the latter eighty-nine, when they died. Their young- est sons, Abram and Jeremiah, who were both at home when the father died, purchased the interest of the other three brothers in the estate, and lived to- gether until the latter died. He was fourteen years older than Abraham, and had never married ; Abram married at the age of thirty -nine. John Stevens Van Voorhees married Jeanetta Kirshaw, at Long Island, in 1730. They had five children. Abraham Voorhees (here "Van" is dropped from the name), son of John Stevens Van Voorhees, was born May 19, 1753, and married Leah Nevius Voorhees, May 5, 1792; they had three children,— viz., John A., Sarah, and Jennie. His wife, Leah, died in 1803, and in 1805 he married Jane Kirshaw, who bore him no children., He died Sept. 14, 1828; his wife survived him twenty-four years. His son John A. married Elizabeth Skillman ; died in 1821; had eight children,— viz., Abraham (deceased), Henry Skillman, Peter (deceased), John I. (deceased! Martin (deceased), William (deceased), Sarah P., and David C. Henry S. enlisted in the war of the Rebellion, and served as orderly sergeant in the Sixth New York Cavalry; he was afterwards quartermaster in the same regiment. Sarah P. mar- ried Peter Q. Staats, and had two children,— John and Elizabeth Skillman. David C. married Mary Sorter, and has four children, — Annetta Stanley, May, George Edwin (deceased), and Hugh Russell.* " Maplewood" is the residence, at Blawenburg, of * From information furnished by Mrs. J. L. E. Meaick. David C. Voorhees, previously mentioned as one of the sons of John A., and great-grandson of John Stevens Van Voorhees, the first of this family at Blawenburg. The children of David C. are the fifth generation who have lived on the place. There four generations have been born and three died during the one hundred and twenty-six years that have elapsed since its pur- chase, in 1754. A view of this homestead may be seen on the opposite page. Another branch of the Voorhees family is that which is descended from Peter Voorhees (1st), the great-great-grandfather of John S. Voorhees, and son of Garret Courten, who in 1720 bought 231 acres of the Van Horn tract, lying about a mile west of Blaw- enburg, and settled upon it. It is possible that he was an uncle of the John Stevens Van Voorhees (previously mentioned) who came in 1738. Peter was twice married, both his wives being named Nevius. His children were Mary, Jane, Peter, John, Leah, and Sarah. Peter (2d), like his father, was twice married, and by his first wife had Peter (3d), who married Catharine Skillman ; Leah, who mar- ried Abram Voorhees; and Martin, who married Altje Van Dyke, and lived and died at Harlingen. Martin had children,— Peter (4th), who married Jane Schenck, daughter of Capt. John Schenck, of Amwell, a brave and daring officer in the Revolution ; John, M.D., remained unmarried, died in the South, where he had gone for his health, and was for some time an inmate of the family of Gen. Jackson ; Leah, married Dr. Ferdinand F. Schenck, M.D., lived and died at Six-Mile Run ; Charity, married Joseph Pat- terson, lived and died at Ten-Mile Run ; Sarah, mar- ried Abraham Cruser, for some time sheriff of Mid- dlesex County, lived and died near Kingston ; Fred- erick v., married Cornelia, daughter of Rev. Henry Polhemus, lived and died on homestead at Harlingen. Peter (4th), who married Jane Schenck, lived on the homestead, being of the fifth generation and the last of the Voorhees family who owned and occupied it. He was esteemed as a worthy member and supporter of the church at Blawenburg, and rendered im- portant aid in the organization of the congregation and the building of the church edifice in 1830. He was for a time judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and for three years a member of the Legislature at the time the constitution was revised and amended. He had other important public trusts committed to him, which he executed, enjoying the confidence of his fellow-citizens. He had seven children : Alice, who married John D. V. Joline, M.D., of Princeton; John S., married Sarah Ann Van Doren, of Six-Mile Run ; Charity, married Samuel D. Bergen, and now lives 'at Princeton ; Mary, married Reuben A. Drake, lived and died at Hopewell; Ada H. ; Jane P., mar- ried Rev. J. B. Davis, at present pastor of Presby- terian Church at Hightstown. She died in 1873. Peter (5th) married Anna, a sister to WiUiam L. 838 SOMEESET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Dayton. Peter is a counselor-at-law, and lives in Cam- den. Fredericlc is unmarried, is a counselor-at-law, and practices at Mount Holly. Judge Peter's sister Leah married Ferdinand H. Schenck, of the fifth generation of John Schenok, who came from Holland in 1650 and settled at Flat- lands, L. r. His father was Martin Schenck, of Mill- stone, who enjoyed public favor in a remarkable de- gree, serving in various public capacities, — as member of Assembly, judge of the court, sheriff of the county, etc. An active member of the Reformed Church at Millstone, he was an esteemed friend of Oen. Fred- erick FrelJnghuysen, who did much to advance his public and private interests. Sheriff Martin's chil- dren were Ferdinand S., who married Leali Voorhees ; Sarah, married, first, Aaron Van Deventcr, of Bound Brook, and, second, .Joseiih Van ].)oren, of Middle- bush; Ellen, married .Joseph Annin; Mary Ann, mar- ried Henry Wilson, Esq., of Millstone ; and Uplean Van Sinderen, died young. Peter Voorhees (.Oth) died on the homestead July 4, IHfiH, aged sixty-six; his wife, Jane Schenck, died aged about fifty. Cornelius and Abram, sons of Cornelius, the first settler, both served in the lievolutionury army. THE HOAGLAND FAMILY. The old homestead of the Ifoagland family (of which see illustration accompanying) is situat<'d in Somerset County, on the west bank of the Millstone Biver, about a quarter of a mile from the village of Griggstown, and directly in front of one of those remarkable curves so characteristic of that stream. The bridge, which is now about a hundred yards down the stream, formerly crossed the river nearly in front of the house ; many of the stones of it are yet to be seen. It is said that Washingtfjn, after the battle of Princeton, in his retreat before the rein- forced British army, crossed the old bridge, and then ordered it torn down in order to detain his fiursuers, who were within sight, near the present residence of Abram Van Dom. The bridge was probably re- paired at that time, and used for some years after- wards, as there are papers in possession of the family which refer to the building of one in 1787, probably on the present site. The old family homestead of the Hoaglands pre- sents a cafe somewhat remarkaljle in this country, as having been in possession of the family in the direct male line (son succeeding father) since the earliest settlement of the country, and also in the fact that there has never been a mortgage upon it on reward. The family burying-ground, after the manner of our Dutch ancestry, is on the farm, within sight of the house, a few hundred yards distant. In that modest, secluded spot lie buried not less than four Christopher Hoaglands, all living to be old men, the first dying about 1748, the second in 1777, the third in 180.5, the fourth in 18fi7, the suc-essive heads of the family down to the present owner, Henry V. Hoagland, who is now living on the farm, an old man of seventy-seven. Near by is ground set apart for the burial-place of the servants. The present house was built in 1808, inclosed prin- cipally with shingles, and is still in good repair. Timbers in the cellar show that material from the old house was used in its construction ; they ap- pear as sound as when first laid. In the ball stands the old clock, made in London,— at what time can only be conjectured. It has come down through the generations, and is beyond doubt one of the oldest docks in the county. On the face is the narhe of '^' Franc Dc La fialle, London," and the case is figured with wliat appears to be carved work. It in still the" old reliable" as a timekeeper, and, from present appearances, will yet tick in and out many generations more. Two barns are standing; the newer one, built, it is said, in ]7fi5, is 40 by 52, and the older one, 28 by 4<) feet, is probably the original one, built in 1727 or thereabouts. Children of the present owner remem- ber when both had the long pointed roof's whose, eaves a tall man could reach from the ground. Tliat part of their shape has been changed, but their frames re- main as the original construi',t<'jrs njade them, appa- rently as sound as when put up. Among the old papers is a deed for 4000 a^;res of land purch-ased of Thomas Hart, London, in 1702, beginning at a point on the Millstone River known as Punch-Bowl Meadow, next the Barker tract, running west to "unappropriated lands," south to a point on the stream known as No-Pike Brook, following it« course to the river, and thence down that stream to place of beginning. This tract, as the papers show, was subdivided int^j three cj{ua,] parte by the original purchasers. One of thfise divisions, containing over 1.^00 acres, was divided into four " lots," of about ''M acres each, and the Hoagland farm was called lot No. 1. It was purchased of a Dr. William fieekman, of New York, a son of one of the original fiurchascrs, in 1727, by Christopher Hoagland. A deed in pos- session of the family shows that he bought a tract in Piscataway township, on the '■.iw.t side of Earitan Eiver, in MM, from Cornelius Powell, in which in- strument he is referrwl to as "Christopher Hoagland, late of Flat Lands, L. I." From thiii location he re- moved to near Griggstown, in Somerset County, in 1727. The papers show tb^t he died about 1748, leaving three sons, — .lohn, Christopher, and Marten- ius. In a quit-clairn deed, dated in 1770, the heirs of John and Martenius quit-claim all their right, title, and int'-rest in the two-thirds x^art of the estate of Christopher Hoagland and Catrena Cregier, his wife, late of the city of New York, to Christopher Hoag- land, the grandson, as the paper states, of tliis Chris- topher Hoagland, of Xew York. This ia signed by Jacob Hoagland, John Van Neste, Jores JV;rgen, .Jr., and Christopher Hoagland, executfjrs of John Hoag- land, deceased, and by Phebe Hoagland, Oakey 5: 5: Q ^_ to' O cq -El a I ii 1^' : «^ 'hi r«;i 111 I r MONTGOMERY. 839 Hoagland, and Christopher Hoagland, "son of Mar- tenius." John Hoagland was in the Council of the province of New Jersey in 1763. The Christopher above referred to died in 1777, leaving one son, Chris- topher, and eight daughters. Among the papers is an inventory of his property taken by Christopher Hoagland, Jr., and Peter Stryker, as executors, and appraised by William Baird and Peter Van Derveer, dated April 10, 1777. Also the vendue-book, dated April 21, 1777, with conditions of sale, articles sold, and the purchasers. Interest attaches to these as showing who were the actors on the stage in the long, long ago, and the value at that time of the various articles belonging to the farm. In the list is the valuation and selling-price of several colored persons, known then as slaves. The son Christopher who followed him, living on the farm until his death, in 1805, must have been a man of considerable force of character. He was in the Legislature in 1778, and among his papers is a commission from Governor Livingston, dated 1776, making him justice of the peace for the county of Somerset, and his docket while acting in that capac- ity is among his papers, showing who were the liti- gants of that early day, the matters in dispute, and decisions rendered. In glancing hastily over them we find one man arraigned for profane swearing and fined. Among the penalties imposed in some cases was the lash ; but the consent of the owner of the slave seems to have been required. It is noticeable, then as now, that grievances seemed to befall particular individuals with a sad frequency. Among the papers is a call on the Rev. Peter Lowe, of Long Island, dated 1795, to become the pastor of the churches of Six-Mile Eun and Millstone, with the names of the elders and deacons of each church signed thereto. Christopher Hoagland heads the list from the church of Six- Mile Eun. A letter from Fred. Frelinghuysen to C. Hoagland, dated Aug. 19, 1800, advises him to settle a matter in dispute about the support of an old col- ored woman named Philis, which he seems to have been inclined to litigate, wherein the wise observation is made that lawsuits rarely result to the satisfaction of either party. Other papers show that the matter was settled. Strange as it may seem, in those days the naviga- tion of the Millstone was regarded as of much impor- tance. The mill-owners were required to so arrange their dams that the boats could pass up and down, and Christopher Hoagland and Benjamin Griggs were authorized to see that the law or agreement was en- forced; also that these dams should be opened for the passage of fish from the 20th of March to the 20th of May of each year. In those days a well-regulated homestead contained within itself the appliances for making almost every- thing necessary in carrying on the farm. On this place were a tannery, blacksmith-shop, wheelwright- shop, looms where the linen and other articles of fam- ily use were woven, machines for breaking flax and others for dressing it, spinning-wheels of various sizes and sorts, rope-works, etc. The following is the genealogy of the Hoagland family : 1. Christopher Hoagland, of Haerlem, Hol- land, died about 1684 or 1686. He married, June 23, 1661, in New York, Catharine Cregier, of Amster- dam, Holland. (Will written March 13, 1676; re- corded Lib. 3, p. 83, in New York surrogate's office.) His children were : 2. Dirck, baptized Nov. 1, 1662, in New York; married Maria Kip, in New York, March 4, 1687. 8. Lysbeth, born 1664, died young. 4. Harman, baptized in New York, March 28, 1666 ; died young. 5. Martin. 6. Christopher, baptized Nov. 24, 1669, in New York; married (1) Catalyntie, (2) Neeltje Voorhees ; resided in 1665 in Pearl Street, New York ; lived in Flat Lands in 1706. 7. Francis, baptized April 1, 1672, in New York. 8. Jacob, bap- tized Oct. 25, 1676, in New York. 9. Deynoot. 10. Har- man, baptized March 28, 1681 ; married Adriantje , of Flat Lands, L. I., in 1716. Christopher (6) had a son,— 11. Christopher, who was born Sept. 5, 1699, and died in April, 1777. He probably had brothers,— John and William, and pos- sibly others. The children of Christopher (11) were : 12. Helena, born 1725; 13. Christoffel, born 1727; 14. Maria, born 1729; 15. Catrina, born 1732; 16. Sara, born 1734 ; 17. Ariantje, born 1735 ; 18. Marga- rita, born 1738; 19. Harman, born 1739; 20. Sara, born 1741 ; 21. Femmetje, born 1743 ; 22. Dinah, born 1745 ; 23. John, born about 1747 ; 24. Martin, born about 1749. The children of Christoffel (13), who married Sarah Voorhees about 1752 (she died 1813), were: 25. Cata- line, born 1753, married William Baird; 26. Ida, born 1755, married Martin (?) Nevius ; 27. Sarah, born 1756, married John Baker; 28. Jannetje, born 1758, married Cornelius Nevius ; 29. Christoffel, born 1765, died 1837, married on Nov. 4, 1790, Nelly Wyck- oflf (she was born March 8, 1772) ; 30. Leanah, born 1767, married Isaac Hulick; 31. Lucas, born 1770, married Phebe Staats; 32. Isaac, born 1772, married Michet; 33. Jacob, bom 1773, married Betsy Veghte ; 34. Abraham, born 1775. The children of Christoffel (29) were: 35. Abraham, born Dec. 22, 1791, and married Sarah Wilson, Jan. 6, 1816, whose children were Ellen, 1816 ; Isaac N., 1820 ; Henry W., 1823 ; Isaac N., 1825. No descend- ants now living. 36. Peter W., born Sept. 10, 1794 ; married Mary Cruser, Feb. 14, 1823. She was born June 29, 1797; died 1861. Their children were Christopher, Dec. 7, 1824; Alexander C, Oct. 15, 1826; Anna, May 26,1829; James Eomeyn, March 7 1832; Peter V., Jan. 3, 1835; Isaac W., 1842. 37. Lucas, born Nov. 20, 1797 ; married Sarah Nevius, Dec. 5, 1821. She was born 1801, and died 1862. Their children were twelve in number. 38. Henry Veghte, born Nov. 30, 1803; married Phebe William- son Nov. 30, 1826. She was born July 3, 1808. 840 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Their children are John Calvin, 1827; Peter Wil- liamson, 1829; Josiah W., 1830; Mary Ellen, 1834; Henry W., 1886 ; Emily, 1839 ; Sarah, 1841 ; Phebe Ann, 1848; William J., 1847; Christopher A., 1850; Theodore B., 1852. 39. Sarah, born 1805; died young. 40. Isaac, born 1808 ; died young. 41. Chris- topher Columbus, born May 10, 1810 ; died April 11, 1869 ; married Gertrude M. Labagh Sept. 11, 1832. He left thirteen children. The children of Lucas (31) were twelve in num- ber. We find that a John Hoagland had bought 176 acres (the farm of the late Cornelius Hoagland, of East Millstone) before 1754. It extended 18 chains along the east bank of the Millstone, and about a mile and a half in depth. He was probably the father of Tunis, born about 1750, and of a William Hoagland. Tunis died in 1836. He was the father of Cornelius, bom 1793, who died at East Millstone in 1876. Cornelius had several sons, — Tunis, Isaac B., and Hon. John Van Doren. The latter was born Dec. 8, 1812. He was appointed justice of the peace in 1852, and has continued in this office, with the exception of a single year (1872), ever since. He was one of the judges of the Inferior Court of Com- mon Pleas, 1867-69, and again, 187-^-79. Sketches of other early families who have repre- sentatives in this township may be found in the his- tories of Hillsborough and Franklin townships, and elsewhere in this work. EAELY PHYSICIANS. One of the first practitioners was John Reeve, born in 1765, who settled at Rocky Hill about 1787, or earlier. He became quite noted, and had a large ride.* Abram Prall Hageman was also an early practitioner. He was born two miles west of Harlingen, and com- menced practice in that village in 1810. His name appears in 1826 in connection with a bill presented for medicine and attendance on one Nathaniel Hutch, which was rejected on the ground that Hutch was a pauper of Monmouth County. J. F. Hageman, Esq., of Princeton, is a son of Dr. Abram. Rocky Hill has in its surroundings everything sug- gestive of legend and historic events. It was pressed by the feet of many a Revolutionary hero, — nay, by those of the great chieftain himself. After the battle of Princeton, when Washington took the main road towards New Brunswick, the British, frightened and flying, made towards the heights of Rocky Hill, crossed Beeden's Brook, and crowded on until they reached the point formed by the junction of the brook with the Millstone River, just in front of what is now known as the old Van Derveer homestead. Abraham Van Derveer says they came on a run, but when they reached the forks they halted, finding the ice much * See page 595 of this work for further account. broken. They then procured rails, laid them on the ice, and passed over. The Van Derveers had a large pot of mush, just taken from the fire, and intended for their breakfast. The British, hastily scooping it out of the pot with their hands, soon devoured it, and pursued their march, remarking that they had had " nothing but hot bullets for breakfast." The oldest house at Rocky Hill was demolished shortly before 1870. It was once a tavern, and stood on the Georgetown (Lambertville) turnpike, in the middle of the village ; this was the old Cruser home- stead. The family was of Huguenot descent, and set- tled on Staten Island at the close of the seventeenth century. A representative of this family, Hendrick Cruser, great-uncle of M. Van Dyke Cruser, settled at Rocky Hill early in the last century, and erected the flouring-mill now owned by David H. Mount & Co. In 1777 this mill was sold at sherifi''s sale, and was bought by Abraham Cruser, Hendrick's brother, and grandfather of M. V. D. Cruser. He put his son, Frederick, into the mill to work, and he grew up in that locality. Frederick! was the father of M. V. D. The land on which the latter now lives was a part of the patent of Walter Benthall, by whom it was conveyed to Nicholas Lake. A deed still in the pos- session of M. V. D. Cruser shows that the land was conveyed, April 16, 1739, by Nicholas Lake and Mary, his wife, to John Gordon. In March, 1775, it was transferred by Gordon and Anna, his wife, to Jacob Schenck, and by subsequent purchase to Fred- erick Cruser, whose son, M. Van Dyke, now owns and occupies it. John Van Horn was another early settler. He lived about half a mile northwest of Rocky Hill, and owned over 1000 acres. He was a friend of Gen. Washington, who often visited him. He had no chil- dren, and when he died he left his property to rela- tives, by whom it was divided and sold.J Kalm, the Swedish traveler, mentions Rocky Hill in his " Travels." He says, — " This morning [Oct. 29, 1746] wo proceeded on our journey [from Princeton]. The country was pretty well peopled ; however, there were great woods in many places. They all consisted of deciduous trees, and I did not perceive a single tree of the iir kind. ... On a hill, covered with trees, and called Rockhill, I saw several pieces of stone or rock so big that they would have required three men to roll them down. . . . About noon we arrived at New Brunswick," etc.g It is said that in 1795 there were but three houses on the site of Rocky Hill village, and one of them was a tavern ; the other two were the residences of Thomas J. Skillman, near the river, and John Van Horn, where Henry Brinkerhoff now lives. He owned 1500 acres, 1000 of which was woodland, run- t He was a student at Princeton when those connected with it turned out, he among them, to defend their country. But he was so very young and small that his gun was taken from him, and he was sent back to college. X See Barber's " Historical Collections of New Jersey" for reminiscences relating to Mr. Van Horn, Gen. Washington, and the painter Dunlap (pp. 462, 463). g Hist. Coll. New Jersey, p, 312. MONTGOMERY. 841 ning south of the village and over the hill, the re- maining 500 being a fertile plain lying northwest of the village, now making twelve farms, one of which is owned by Abraham Van Derveer. Peter, who originally bought the land, was a son of the first Van Derveer who came from Holland to Long Island ; he died before the close of the Revolution. Judge John Berrien owned the tract south of Van Derveer's land. He was one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the province. Dr. Thomas West Montgomery was his son-in-law, he marrying, in 1788, the judge's daughter Mary, among whose chil- dren were several who afterwards became distin- guished. One was the wife of John B. Shaw, purser in the United States navy, and mother of Mrs. (Bishop) Odenheimer; another became the wife of the late Com. Inman ; one son, John B., was after- wards commodore of the United States navy ; Na- thaniel L., in the navy during the war of 1812, lost an arm, and was aide to Com. McDonough on Lake Champlain, in 1814 ; while a daughter, Eliza L., is now the wife of Bishop McCoskry, of Michigan.* Still another daughter became the wife of Dr. John B. Eicker, a surgeon in the Continental army; he also rendered valuable service as a guide on several occasions, and was taken prisoner by Simcoe, of the "Queen's American Bangers."! Ealph Voorhees says John Berrien succeeded John Harrison as land- owner at Eocky Hill, and doubtless erected the house there in which Washington's " Farewell Address to the Army" was written. His grandson. Judge J. Mc- Pherson Berrien, was a prominent orator and states- man, t ORGANIZATION. At no place in the public records is it stated when the township first assumed its civil status. It was doubtless between 1762 and 1772. About 1762-63 the inhabitants of the "southern part of the western pre- cinct" petitioned Governor Franklin to grant them a patent for a new town, to be called after himself* This petition was finally granted, but the town was called Montgomery. Although this may have oc- curred within a year of the above action, it is quite as likely that it may have been deferred several years, possibly until 1772, the date of the first record in the oldest public document now extant in the township, the volume in which are recorded the township elec- tions. This first minute appears to be the record of the first town-meeting held in Montgomery, and is in the following words: " Purauant to an act of the generil assembly of the Province of New Jersey, the freeholders and Inhabitants of the western presink meet To- gether on the 2d thuesday of March, 1772, at the house of William Jones in sd presink, and by pniallity of vootes Choose in the following Officers, viz. : Hendrick Vandike, Town Clerk ; Wm. Stryker, Gisbert lane, Free- holders; Cornelius Tenbrook, Assessor; Thomas Skillman, OoUector and Overseer of the Poore ; Derick Longstret, David Snowden, Surveyors of the Eoads; Overseers of the Highways: Henry Sillcock, Nuel Furman, John Heth, John Stockton, Nicholas Golder, Aderain Hegeman, Wil- liam Lake, Daniel Hegeman, Powel Ammerman, Daniel Stout, Martin Nufes. " A Committee appointed as above said for settling the presink business with the township of hillsborrow, and to raise the poore moneyg)f S* western presink, — Viz., Joseph Stockton, Christopher Hogeland, Junr., John Vandike, and Derick Longstret. " And by appointment of S*^ Day, the town-meeting is to he held the Next Tear at the house of wm Jones at Rocke Hill. " Henry Vandike, Clerk. " this 10th day of March." It may be safe to assume, in view of the above doc- umentary proof, that Montgomery township was set off from Hillsborough about 1772. ROAD DISTRICTS. The following were the road districts laid out in 1779-80, with the names of the overseers : Kocky Hill road, Aaron Longstreet; Kingston road, Thomas Skillman; road from Van Dyke's to Rocky Hill, Gen. Morris ; road from Wins- ton to Kingston, James Moore ; from Winston to Kocky Hill, Wil- * Genealogy of Montgomery family, et aliia. f Wickes' Hist, of Med. in New Jersey. X See biography on page 640, this work. 3 The petition was as follows : "To his Excellency William Franklin Esqr Governor and Comman- der in Chief in and over the Province of New Jersey and Territories thereon depending in America Chancellor and Vice Admiral of the same ; "The Humble Petition of the Inhabitants of the Southern part of the Westering Precinct of the County of Somerset and Province of New Jersey humbly pray that your Excellency would be pleased to Grant a Patient for a Township to be known by the name of the Townsh^ of Franklin for the Inhabitants of the said Southern part of the said Wes- tering precinct, the Bounderies of which are as follows,- " Viz : Beginiag at Millstone Elver on the line of Joseph Cornel and Greatye Cornell and also at the beginning of the Township of Hillsbor ough thence along the line of the said Township of Hillsborough the several courses thereof until it comes to the East and West '-^-^1^^' that is to say first along the line of the said Joseph Cornell and Gr^tye Cornell west north west until it comes to the land of Daniel Po hemus and Toghyas Voorheese, thence along their line as it runs until it comes to the Southeasterly Corner of the land of Isaac Van Nuys thence along his line West north West until it comes to the Southwest Corner of Ja- cobus Van Nuys Jun" land thence North North East until it comes to a 64 Southeasterly Corner of the land of George Bergen, thence west as his line runs until it comes to the Southeasterly Corner of the land of Ja- cobus Ammerman and the Northeasterly Corner of the division of the Sowerland Lots thence as the line between the small division of the Sower- land Lots run South Uventy-nine degrees west until it comes to the Cor- ner between Lot No. 13 and No. 14 in the small division being the South- easterly Corner of the Lot of Johana Ditmarse, thence west between said Lots until it intersects the Rear Line of the New Shanneck Lots thence along the Rear Line as it runs South fifty degrees west until it Intersects the division line between the Bast and West Jerseys thence south four- teen degrees East as the line between East and West Jersey Runs until it comes to the Great Post Road that leads from Trenton to Bnanswick thence Northerly along the line between the Counties of Somerset & Middlesex until it comes to the said Millstone River thence down the said River the Several Courses thereof to the place of beginning and your humble Petitioners as in duty Bound shall ever pray. "Christopher Hoaoland, Jun " ■" "Joseph Cornell " Barekt Striker " Peter Van Der Veer " Gerardus Beekman " Gerardus Beekman Jun " Thomas Quick " Thomas Skillman " Benjamin Baird " John Vandike " William Baied " Christoffel Hogelant " RoELOP Van Dike " Aaron Haqeman Cornelius Tenbroeok Arthur Sutphen TuRCK Tenbroeok Jacob Tenbroeok John Voorhees Zebulon Stout John Voorhees Jos Salyear Abraham Stryker Henry Vandike Peter Wikeofp Charles Salyear Jos Stockton." 842 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. liam Goa; from the proTince line to Rocky Hill, Daniel Slack; from province line to Rocky Hill school-house, Hezekiah Stout; Pennington and Princeton road, James Finley; from Rocky Hill to Garret Yoorhees' smith-shop. Garret Van Pelt; from Voorhees' shop to Griggstown, Nathan Allen ; from the school-bouse to Hillshorough, William Bard; from Pennington to Winston, Samuel Carman. THE POOR-FARM. The township early provided for its paupers, as in 1772 we find records of money raised for this object by the overseers. A reciprocal method of sustaining this class at a later date suggested itself to some, and it was proposed that a farm be purchased where the labor of these mendicants could be made an equiva- lent for support received. At a special meeting of the town committee, held at Oppie's inn, Jan. 21, 1835, William Duryea and Peter Voorhees, overseers of the poor, reported that they had purchased a farm, in company with the committee from the township of Hillsborough, for the maintenance of the indigent residents of both townships. It was from the estate of John Van Pelt, deceased, and contained 230 acres. In 1867 Hillsborough withdrew from this joint action, since which time each township has supported its own poor-farm. The farm is under the immediate supervision of the overseers of the poor, which office is at present filled by John H. Schomp and William Oppie, of this town- ship. It is free from debt, and at the present time has but four inmates. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE TOWNSHIP, 1772-1880. CLERKS. 17Y2-74, Hendrick Van Dyke; 1776-84, David Snowden; 1785-89, Henry Van Dyke ; 1790-1802, Frederick Cruser ; 1803-4, Roelef H. Van Dyke; 1806-8, John Skillman ; 1809-16, Henry Duryea; 1817, Peter Voorhees ; 1818-24, Henry Duryea ; 1826-31, F. V. D. Voorhees ; 1832, A.J. Dumont; 1834, Lloyd Van Derveer; 1835, Thomaa I. Sldllman; 1837-41, Peter D. Van Del-veer ; 1842-46, Joseph H. Voorhees ; 1846- 48, Martin Yoorhees ; 1849-51, Stephen Voorhees, Jr. ; 1852-54, John D. Voorhees ; 1855-55, Luther Van Derveer ; 1857-58, Cornelius A. Cruser; 1859, William T. F. Ayres; 1860-61, Isaac H, Oppie; 1862, Luther Van Derveer; 1863-64, Charles M. Stryker; 1865, Theodore F. Hoagland; 1866-71, A. H. Stryker; 1872-74, William Oppie; 1875 -78, John N. Van Zandt ; 1879-80, Ahram S. Hageman. ASSESSORS. 1772-73, Cornelius Ten Broeck ; 1774, Christopher Hoagland, Jr. ; 1775, John Johnston ; 1776, Peter Wykoff; 1777, Icliabod Leigh ; 1778-80, Christopher Hoagland ; 1781, Derick Longstreet ; 1782, Christopher Hoagland; 1783, Peter Wykoff; 1784, Christopher Hoagland; 1785, Thannes Voorhees; 1786-88, John Voorhees; 1789, David Coven- hoven ; 1790-91, John Voorhees ; 1792-95, David Covenhoven ; 1796- 98, David Conover; 1799, Ezekiel Blue; 1800-1, James Stryker; 1802-7, Ezekiel Blue; 1808-17, John D. W. Ten Brook; 1818-27, Maj. William Duryea; 1828, Peter Voorhees; 1829, Henry Duryea; 1830, Peter Voorhees; 1831-32, Cornelius Kershow; 1833-36, John Simonson ; 1837-40, Lloyd Van Derveer ; 1841-42, Cornelius Ker- show ; 1843-45, P. D. V. Van Derveer ; 1846, Joseph H. Voorhees j 1847-49, S. D. Bergen; 1850-52, Abram S. Williamson; 1853-56, Stephen Voorhees; 1856-58, Benjamin Randolph; 1859-61, James Oppie; 1862, Cornelius J. Brokaw; 1863-65, James Van Zandt; 1866 -71, Luther Van Derveer; 1872-74, William A. Weart; 1876-80, William Oppie. COLLECTORS. 1772-73, Thomas Skillman; 1774, John Johnston; 1775, Christopher Hoagland; 1776, John Johnston; 1777, Thomas Skillman; 1778, Aaron Longstreet; 1779, Derick Longstreet; 1780, Thomas Skill- man; 1781-84, John Voorhees; 1785-88, Henry Berrien; 1789-90, Jacob Tenbrook ; 1791, David Covenhoven ; 1792-95, Jacob Tenbrook ; 1796-98, Ezekiel Blue; 1799, James Stryker; 1800-1, Ezekiel Blue; 1802-4, Samuel Beekman ; 1806-17, Maj. William Dui-yea; 1818, John D. W. Ten Broeck ; 1819, Samuel Beekman ; 1820-27, Peter Voor- hees ; 1828-30, Cornelius Kershow; 1831-32, Henry Duryea; 1833, Ralph Johnson; 1834-36, F. V. D. Voorhees; 1836-37, CorneHus S. Stryker; 1838, Cornelius Kershow; 1839^3, John S. Hoagland; 1844-51, C.S. Stryker; 1862, Abraham Van Arsdale; 1853-64, C. S. Stryker; 1855, Samuel D. Bergen; 1866-69, Tunis C. Schomp; 1860- 63, William Race; 1864, Henry P. Apgar; 1866-66, Peler D. Staats; 1867, Charles M. Stryker; 1868-80, John H. Schomp. CHOSEN FREEHOLDERS. 1772-73, William Stryker, Gisbert Lane ; 1774-75. Abraham Stryker, Gis- bert Lane ; 1776, Derick Longstreet, Ahram Sti-yker ; 1777, Derick Longstreet, Hendiick Stryker; 1778, Ichabod Leigh, Aaron Long- street; 1779, Cornelius Tenbrook, Jacobus Lake; 1780, Henry Can- ady, David Covenhoven ; 1781, Peter Wykoff, Ichabod Leigh; 1782, Peter Wykoff, Cornelius Tenbrook ; 1783, Thomas Skillman, David Snowden; 1784, Jacob Schenck, David Covenhoven; 1785, Jacob Ten- brook, David Covenhoven ; 1786, Peter Wykoff, David Covenhoven ; 1787, 0. Hoagland, Henry Van Dyke ; 1788, C. Hoagland, BnoE Kel- sey ; 1789-92, Enos Kelsey, Zebulon Stout ; 1793, Enos Kelsey, 0. Hoagland ; 1794, Enos Kelsey, Cornelius Cornell ; 1795, Cornelius Cornell, Garret Van Derveer ; 1796, Barnet Cornell, Garret Van Der- veer; 1797-98, Garret Van Derveer, Samuel Beekman; 1799-1802, Henry Van Dyke, Samuel Beekman; 1803-4, Abraham Skillman, Samuel Beekman; 1805, Suniuel Beekman, John Stout ; 1806, Sam- uel Beekman, William Covenhoven ; 1807, William Covenhoven, Abram Van Arsdale; 1808-10, William Covenhoven, John Salter; 1811-12, Abram Van Arsdale, James Stryker; 1813, Elijah Clark, Samuel Beekman ; 1814-18, Jeremiah Williamson, Samuel Beekman; 1819-22, Jeremiali Williamson, Ralph Johnson; 1823-25, Ralph Johnson, Cornelius Cruser; 1826-27, John Skillman, Henry Duryea; 1828, Josiah S. Worth, Henry Duryea; 1829-30, Josiah S. Worth, Cornelius Cruser: 1831, A. P. Hageman, Cornelius Worth; 1832, F. V. D. Voorhees, Peter Voorhees: 1833, Abram Van Derveer, Maj. Cornelius Cniser; 1S34, Henry Dui-yea, Peter Voorhees; 18:35-37, Abram Van Derveer, Ralph Johnson; 1838, Peter Voorhees, F. V. D. Voorhees ; 18:i9-40, F. V. D. Voorhees, Abram P. Hageman ; 1841- 42, F. V. D. Voorliees, Cliristopher Voorhees; 1843, Abniin Van Arsdale, F. V. D. A'oorhees; 1844-46, Abraham Van Arsdale, John S. Hoagluixl ; 1S46, J. W. llpdyke, P. Y. D. Van Derveer; 1847, John S. Hoagland, J. W. Updyke ; 1848, J. W. Updyke, P. V. D. Van Deiveer ; 1849, P. V. D. Van Derveer, A. V. A. Skillman; 18S0-51, A. V. A. Skillman, Martin Voorhees; 1852-54, John N. Skillman ; 1855-57, Joseph H. Voorhees; 1858, John J. Voorhees; 1859, Abram S. Wil- liamson ; 1860-61, John J. Voorhees; 1862-64, John N. Sldllman; 1865-67, Henry V. Hoagland; 1868-70, Jeremiah W. Updyke; 1871- 73, Charles M. Stryker ; 1874-77, Jacob M. Vreeland ; 1878-79, Cor- nelius I. Van Oleef ; 1880, John V. H. Whitlock. TOWN COMMITTEE. 1772-73, Joseph Stockton, John Van Dyke, Christopher Hoagland, Jr.; 1774-76, Eckbert Leigh, Peter Wykoff, Thomas Skillman, D. Long- street; 1776, Robert Stockton, Roelef Van Dyke, Ichabod Leigh, Derick Longstreet ; 1777, Ichabod Leigh, Peter Wykoff, Derick Long- street, Zebulon Stout : 1778-82, Robert Stockton, David Snowdon, Jacobus Lake, Grodus Beekman; 1783, Robert Stockton, Jacobus Lake, Grodus Beekman ; 1784, Peter Wykoff, Robert Stockton, .Jaco- bus Lake; 1785, Jacob Schenck, Cliristopher Hoagland, Roliort Stockton ; 1786, Jacob Schenck, Cornelius Tenbrook, Cornelius Cor- nell ; 1787-89, Jacob Schenck, Terrick Tenbrook, Joseph Stryker; 1790-91, Jacob Schenck, Joseph Stryker, John Beard ; 1702, Henry Van Dyke, John Van Horn, David Snowdon ; 1793, Henry Van Dyke, Capt. James Moore, Albert Monfort; 1794-06, John Van Horn, Heniy Van Dyke, J. Moore ; 1790, Henry Van Dyke, J. Moore, David Conover: 1797, H. Van Dyke, J. Moore, Wm. Conover; 1798, Stephen Monfort, Robert Stockton, David Conover; 1799-1800, Wm. Conover, Henry Van Dyke, Stephen Murford, Robert Stockton, David Cono- ver; 1801-2, William Conover, Henry Van Dyke, Stephen Morford, Robert Stockton, John Van Horno ; 1803, Henry Van Dyke, William Conover, Stephen Morford, John N. Simpson, John Van Home; 1804- 6, John Tenbrook, William Covenhoven, Stephen Morford, John N. Simpson, John Van Home; 1800, John Tenbrook, Abram Van Ai-a- MONTGOMERY. 843 dalen, Stephen Morford, John Van Home, William Covenhoven; 1807, John Tenbrook, Abram Van Arsdalen, Stephen Morford, Isaac Horner, William Covenhoven ; 1808-9, John Strylcer, Abram Van Arsdaleu, Stephen Morford, Isaac Horner ; 1810, John Stryker, Abram Van Arsdalen, Martin Voorhees, Isaac Horner, William Covenhoven ; 1811, William Davis, John Stryker, Martin Voorhees, Isaac Horner, William Garrison ; 1812, John Stryker, William Davis, Martin Vor- hees, Isaac Horner, John Skillman ; 1813, William Davis, Garret Van Derveer, Martin Voorhees, John Skillman, Isaac Horner ; 1814-17, William Davis, Garret Van Derveer, Christopher Hoagland, John Skillman, Isaac Horner ; 1818, William Davie, Garret Van Derveer, 0. Hoagland, Henry Duryea; 1819, John D. W. Tenbrook, G. Hoag- land. Garret Van Derveer, Henry Duryea, Isaac Horner; 1820, J. D. W. Tenbrook, C. Hoagland, J. H. Skelton, William Cruser, John Stout; 1821, J. D. W. Tenbrook, C. Hoagland, Elias Covenhoven, John Stont; 1822, J. D. W. Tenbrook, C. Hoagland, Aaron tlpdyke, John Stout ; 1823, Garret Van Derveer, Josiah S. Worth, Cornelius Kershaw, Aarou Hpdyke, John Stont ; 1824, John Skillman, Josiah S. Worth, C. Kershaw, Aaron Updyke, John Stout ; 1825, C. Kershaw, Josiah S. Worth, Aaron Van Dyke, Henry K. Van Dyke, Henry Duryea ; 1826, William Cruser, J. S. Worth, Thomas Davis, Aaron Updyke, Abram Staats ; 1827, William Cruser, J. S. Worth, Cornelius Kershaw, Thomas White ; 1828, William Cruser, Garret Beekman, Kalph John- son, Thomas White ; 1829, William Duryea, Peter Voorhees, Thomas White, Abraham P. Hageman, John Skillman ; 1830, Thomas White, A. P. Hageman, Cornelius Stryker, Heury R. Van Dyke, Emley Olden ; 1831, Henry K. Van Dyke, Cornelius C. Whitenact, Thomas White, Cornelius Stryker, John Simonson ; 1832, Heury K. Van Dyke, John Oppie, Emley Olden, Cornelius Stryker, John Simonson ; 1833, Cor- nelius Stryker, John S. leigh, John Oppie, Henry Higgins, Uriaa Sti-yker; 18;i4, Cornelins Strjker, Thomas White, Abraham A. Staats, Emley Olden, Christopher Voorhees ; 1836, Henry Higgins, Roelef H. Van Dyke, J. S. Leigh, Abraham I. Dumont, J. Oppie ; 1836, John Davison, A. I. Dumont, Emley Olden, J. A. Perriue, t. Van Derveer; 1837, A. I. Dumont, Emley Olden, Isaac Van Derveer, J. S. Worth, John A. Voorhees ; 1838, Cornelius S. Sti-yker, Jolin A. Voorhees, Zephaniah Stout, Christopher Voorhees, Aiiron Cruser; 1839, Corne- lius S. Stryker, John A. Voorhees, Isaac Van Derveer, Henry V. Hoagland, Aaron Cruser; 1840, Cornelius Kershaw, Cornelius S. Stryker, John A. Voorhees, John H. Polhemus, Isaac Van Derveer; 1841, Cornelius S. Stryker, Isaac Van Derveer, John A. Voorhees, John H. Voorhees; 1842, Peter Voorhees, Isaac Van Derveer, P. V. D. Van Derveer, Abraham Van Arsdale, Zephaniah Stout; 1843, Peter Voor- hees, Isaac Van Derveer, Court Williamson, Court S. Stryker, Samuel H. Stout; 1844, Peter Voorhees, Isaac Van Derveer, Garret S. Voor- hees, Uri'as Stryker, Abraham Cruser ; 1845, Peter Voorhees, Bynear A. Staats, Garret S. Voorhees, Cornelius Kershaw, A. V. A. Skillman ; 1846, Peter Voorhees, Wilson Metier, Garret S. Voorhees, Cornelius Kershaw, A. V. A. Skillman ; 1847, Peter Voorhees, Wilson Metier, Cornelius Kershaw, B. J. Staats, H. V. Hoagland; 1848, Peter Voor- hees, John N. Skillman, Garret S. Voorhees, Thomas J. Skillman, Abraham Van Arsdale; 1849, Beynear J. Staats, John N. Skillman, John J. Voorhees, A. Van Arsdale, Thomas J. Skillman ; 1850, A. Van Arsdale, John J. Voorhees, John N. Skillman, Samuel D. Bergen, John K Van Derveer ; 1861, John N. Skillman, A. Van Arsdale, Samuel D. Bergen, K. J. Staats, John J. Voorhees ; 1852, Peter Voorhees, Garret S Voorhees, Cornelius Kershaw; 1853, Peter Voorhees, Garret S. Voorhees, John J. Voorhees; 1854, James Van Zandt, Abraham Cruser, Abraham Williamson ; 1855, James Van Zandt, John Beek- man, Benjamin Bandolph ; 1856, Cornelius Cruser, James Van Zandt, J. N. Skillman , 1857, J. A. Weart, J. N. Skillman, S. Voorhees ; 1858- 69, John N.SkiUman, Stephen Voorhees, William A. Weart; 1860-61, Peter D. Staats, John V. H. Whitlock, Cornelius A. Cruser; 1862, J V H. Whitlock, Peter D. Staats, Joseph H. Voorhees; 1863, Au- gustus Van Zandt, Joseph H, Voorhees, Peter D. Staats; 1804, Isaac Van Derveer, Cornelius A. Cruser, Court V. Sutphen ; 1866, Court V. Sutphen, Cornelius M. Vreeland, Cornelius S. Stryker; 1866, Corne- lius M Vreeland, 0. V. Sutphen, Matthew H. Whitlock; 1867-68, John S. Hoagland, Cornelius M. Vreeland, Matthew H. Whitlock; 1869-71, John S. Hoagland, William H. Vreeland, David C. Voorhees; 1872-73, Peter D. Staats, J. M. Vreeland, Abraham C. Wyckoff; 1874, Peter D. Staats, Abram C. Wykoff, Luther C. Van Zandt ; 1876-77, Peter D Staats, Luther C. Van Zandt, Frederick P. Voorhees; 1878, Peter D. Staats, John Q. Weart, David H. Mount, Abraham 0. Wykoff, Jo- seph V. H. Eeed; 1879, Peter D. Staats, John Q, Weart, David H. Mount; 1880, David C. Voorhees, David H. Mount, John Q. Weart. SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS. 1847-48, Henry D. Johnson; 1849-52, P. V. D. Van Derveer; 1863, Abra- ham V. A. Skillman ; 1864, Cornelius S. Stryker ; 1865, Abraham V. A. Skillman; 1856, Cornelius S. Stryker; 1867-59, Lawrence Van Derveer ; 1860-64, Cornelius S.' Stryker ; 1865, William T. F. Ayers ; 1866, Joseph H. Voorhees. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. Harlingen", the principal village of this township, is situated north of the centre. It is not directly on the line of any railroad, although the Philadelphia and Beading established a station, about a mile dis- tant, on their line some years ago, bearing the name of Harlingen. Th'e village has a very good hotel, lately kept by Mrs. E. A. Schomp ;* the only store is kept by John C. Labaugh & Son. The mechanic arts are repre- sented by George Anderson, shoemaker ; William H. "Van Doren, wagon- and carriage-maker ; William B. Dungan, harness-maker ; and John Darling, carpen- ter ; the professions by Drs. Peter Skillman, L. D. Tompkins, and J. V. S. Eibble ; Eev. John Gard- ner, and his son, Eev. John 0. Gardner. EoCKY Hill is situated in the southeast corner of the township. It was known by its present name at the very beginning of the last century ; " John Harri- son, of Eockie Hill," is mentioned in 1701. During the Eevolution, Eocky Hill and its immediate vicinity witnessed some very important events in that struggle. Opposite the village is the house in which Gen. Wash- ington had his headquarters in 1783, and in which he prepared his " Farewell Address." The following is a summary of the mercantile in- terests at the present time : a hotel, William Gabriel proprietor ; the flouring-mill of David H. Mount & Co., receiving its motive-power from the Millstone Eiver ; two stores, of which Isaac Williamson and A. T. Lewis are the respective proprietors; Erwin Walker, saddle- and harness-maker; Henry Covert and S. Higgins, shoemakers ; D. Hughes and Stephen Cromwell, wheelwrights ; and L. T. Conover and Pe- ter Weston, blacksmiths. There are three churches, —Reformed, Protestant Episcopal, and Methodist Episcopal. Blawenbueg is a small village situated in the southwestern part of the township, near Beeden's Brook. The only store is kept by John N. Van Zandt. There is a church of the Reformed denomi- nation, of which Eev. W. B. Voorhees is the present pastor. The other villages of the township are Stoutsbueg, Rock Mill, Plainville, and Bridgepoint. They are mostly located upon the boundary lines of the township, and are to a considerable extent without the limits of Montgomery, Stoutsburg being partly in Mercer County, and Rock Mill principally m Hillsborough township. f Died in August, 1880. 844 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The following table, compiled from the last report of the county school superintendent (1879), shows the present condition of the township schools : d . !^ o « ^ r3 i| 1 00 c as No. AND Name OF District. ■si .a o ■a p. S'3 U •c a CJ.9 o a .3 H 11 § li I'D =1 1 S •o a ^ i§ ga sS a 5 ■t:a fl > -^ 3 U 3 < Ch |2i ■< S ^ :2i' IZi 54. Harlingen ... $318.05 SI ,200 R5 10. 02 25 70 55. Blawenburg. 435.78 1,200 106 9. 74 39 48 56. Rocky Hill... 501.25 800 129 10. 109 63 ion 57. Griggstown.. 300.00 500 .■iS 9. 32 12 40 58. Hollow 300.00 400 70 9 m 24 .30 59, Unionville... 300.00 700 77 9.6 45 372 18 40 S2,152.08 $4,800 619 9.4 181 328 6 Of the total amount received ($2152.08), $1843.95 was from the State appropriation, $198.13 from the surplus revenue, and $110 from district school tax, voted to be used for building, purchasing, hiring, re- pairing, or furnishing public school-houses. The average salaries paid the teachers in 1879 was about $35 per month, ranging from $30 to $45. The school- houses will compare favorably with those of any rural township in the State, and the citizens take a com- mendable pride in the schools. In vivid contrast with the above were the one or two " old-time" log school-houses of the last century, such as Abraham Van Nuys, of Harlingen, remem- bers of seeing when he was a boy, — a log house " cov- ered with a thatch of straw,'' and whose furniture corresponded with the exterior of the building.* John S. Hoagland is the present teacher of the Griggstown school, and Miss Skillman has for many years taught in this township. CHURCHES. There are five religious organizations, representing the Keformed Dutch, Protestant Episcopal, and Meth- odist Episcopal denominations, the first named being the oldest and the leading church. Almost simulta- neous with the settlement of this portion of Somerset County the Reformed Dutch Church was established at Harlingen. EEFOEMED DUTCH CHURCH OF HABLINOEN.f By a deed bearing date June, 1710, Peter Sonmans, in conveying 9000 acres to seventeen proprietors, con- cludes the instrument by giving 160 acres for the benefit of a church founded upon the basis of the Confession of Faith adopted by the Synod of Dort, 1618. But the Eeformed Church of Harlingen was * "Our Home," p. 195. t By Eev. J. S. Gardner. not constituted until May 18, 1727, and then with but seven members. It was organized by Rev. Hen- ricus Coens, then of Aquackanonck, and was first known by the name of the " Churoh-over-the-Mill- stone."t It was so called until 1766, when what is now known as the church of Millstone was formed. This one then being designated as the church of Sourland, it went by this name until Oct. 1, 1801 ; on that date the Consistory voted to change the title from "Sourland" to "Harlingen,'' in honor of the late pastor, Eev. J. M. Van Harlingen.^ The first building was in the southeast corner of the old church cemetery, just north of the crossing of the Delaware and Bound Brook Railroad. This building was a square wooden structure. In 1752 the Coetus or evangelical party finished a new building on the site of the present one, in the village of Harlingen. The old building in the cem- etery, which belonged to the Conferentie, was finally left to itself, and after a time demolished. The new church cost £400, and is represented as " being in the Dutch style of architecture, with high gables and steep roof, an aisle on one side, from which a door opened. Along the sides were short pews for the men, while the body of the church was divided into small squares occupied by chairs, on which sat the women and children.'' In November, 1803, Consistory resolved to build a new house of worship ; it was completed before the beginning of January, 1804. and hence must have been pushed with great rapidity. It stood on precisely the same spot as the one which preceded it. The cost of this church, together with the fence ivhich inclosed it, was $4410.80. In 1851 the church found the struc- ture too small for the needs of the congregation, and so resolved to build again. Then was erected the present edifice, which is the fourth the congregation has had, the third upon the same ground. Although the church was founded in 1727, it did not enjoy regular services until 1729, and even then at only far-separated intervals. The first pastor was Rev. T. J. Frelinghuysen, who lived at Three-Mile Run, and who also had under his care the churches of Raritan, Readington, New Brunswick, and Frank- lin Park. He died in 1747. In 1750 this church, with Raritan and Readington, called the son of their late pastor. Rev. John Frelinghuysen. He lived at Somerville, and was in reality the first pastor. His father's work was very much interrupted, owing to the fact that the Harlingen Church up to 1750 was greatly under the influence of the Conferentie party ; in fact, it was their headquarters for this county. || But now X Die Kerk op der Millstone. g The churcli was incorporated in 1801 under the name of Harlingen. —Rev. B. T. Corwin. II Harlingen especially seems to have been an important point in the Coetus and Conferentie diiBculties. The original house of worship at the cemetery and the church records fell into the hands of the Conferentie. The Coetus party, therefore, who could not be limited and restrained by the formalities of the other, erected a new church in 1749, near the pres- MONTGOMEKY. 845 a new future opened: the churcli became evangelical. This party had strength sufficient to build their new church (1752) on the site of the present one, the old one being left to the Conferentie party. John Fre- linghuysen served but four years, dying in 1754, at the early age of twenty-eight. During the two years which followed the younger Frelinghuysen's death, this church fared very badly, having but three or four services in that time. In 1758 these churches caUed Eev. Jacob R. Harden- burgh. He went to Holland for about two years, and during his absence the churches of Neshanic and Harlingen withdrew from the other three, leaving Hardenburgh to be their pastor, and they in 1762 caUed the Rev. J. M. Van Harlingen,* who preached until 1795, when he died. He was buried under the pulpit of the church at Harlingen. He was the first pastor who lived among them, residing on the par- sonage farm. In 1795, Rev. W. E. Smith was called. His brothers were presidents,— the one of Princeton, the other of Union, then of Hampton and Sydney. "With him began preaching in English. He officiated two Sabbaths at Neshanic and one at Harlingen, re- siding at the former place. In 1798 the two churches called Rev. Henry Polhemus,t born in Harlingen, as assistant to Mr. Smith. From this date Harlingen had regular services each Sabbath; he remained until 1808. In 1809, Eev. Peter Labagh became assistant. Mr. Smith continued preaching until 1817, when he was stricken with paralysis in the pulpit. He lived until 1820, but enfeebled in mind and body. At his death the churches separated, Mr. Labagh remaining with that of Harlingen ; he continued until 1844, when he resigned. In 1844 the present pastor, Rev. John Gardner, was called. He desiring to live nearer the church, the parsonage farm, which Sonmans gave in 1710, was sold in 1846. From the proceeds of this sale the present parsonage was built. In the spring of 1880, owing to the failing health of the pastor, his ent Bite, and kept a distinct record of their own. Both records have come down to the present time. On May 9, 1734^ Dominie Antonides met some Conferentie friends at the house of Bynier Veghte and ordained a new Consistory, in opposition to Frelinghuysen's Consistory, — namely, Koert Voorhees and Daniel Folhemus, elders. This new Consistory secured possession of the church books, and hence Frelinghuysen was obliged to begin a new book of records in 1737. In this is noted the arrival, in 1750, of his son John, who preached his first sermon in that locality, August 19th of that year, in the house of Simon Van Arsdalen. His first sermon was preached in the church December 2d. — Fi-om Sleele^s IHsc, at New BrunawicJc, 1867. Among the contributors to the building of the edifice of 1749 were *' Simon, Aris, and Cornelius Van Arsdalen, Peter NeviuB, Gisbert Lane, Derick Gulyck, Martynus Hoaglandt, Garret Willems, Zachyus Van Yoorhees, Jan, Isaac, and Jacobus Van Kuys, Joseph, Barent, and Jan Hegeman, Eeynier Veghte, Douw and Eem Ditmars, Paul Amerman, Hendrick Van der Veer, Joris Bergen, Peter and Johannes Stryker, John Covenhoven, Ab. Polhemus, etc. * A. native of Millstone, but educated in Holland. He was no doubt a descendant of Francis Van Harlingen, of Holland, with whom Dr. Liv- ingston frequently stayed when in that country. — Gunn^s Livingston, p. 80. f See sketch of Folhemus family in " Early Settlement," history of this township. son. Rev. John S. Gardner, was called for a year as assistant, t The records of this church (commenced in Dutch, by Rev. Coens, in 1727) show the following members up to the Revolution :^ ^''^'^--S^rbrand Peterso, Johannes Koelbagh, Eesolvert Waldron, An- netje Bennet, Maria Cortsilius, Jannetje Meyers, Jannetje Steinmetz,— " by certificate from other churches." 1728.— Isaac Governeur, William Boos, Jannetje Coejmans, Gertrude Staata, Elizabeth Krom, Madg. Gouverneur, Margarita Gouver- neur, Christina and Susanna Poeters, Hendrick Smock, Johannes Van Houten, Tryntje Poterse, Anna Gertruid Ervesen, Anna Woertman, Casparus Van Noordstrand, Ab. Sloner, Crusje Rnn- yen, Lucas and Sophia Schermerhorn,— the last five on confes- sion. 1729. — Dina Kouwenhoven. 1730. — Marietje Lange, Johanna Gouverneur, Metje Van Mekkele, Aaltje Van Home, Helena Van Leuven. 1732.— Denys and Antye Van Duyn, Simon Van Wickelen, Philip long, Jacob Wynand, Eva and Marietje Thiese, Marietje Sloner. 1746.— Machteltie Van Duyn (wife of Hendrick Staat8).| 1752. — Geurtry Ammerman, Jacobus Van Nnys, Gysbert Vroom, Antie Schenck (wife of Jan Gordon), A. Van Arsdalen, Dirk Olilick, Gysbert Laan (Lane) and Seeltje Smock, Garret Van Arsdalen and Cresje Hegeman, Peter Riemer and Wyntie Kingsberry, Catrina Broach (widow), Catrina Booshear (wife of H. Can- nedey), Hyltje Van Arsdalen (widow of I. Durland), Alida Hoagland (widow of Jacob Van Arsdalen), Creesje Voorhees (wife of Garret Van Arsdalen), Cupina Hegeman (widow of J. M. Hegeman). 1763.— Magdalen Durye (widow of Jan Staats), Johannis Powelsen, Jau- ne^e Cornell (widow of John Nevius). 1764. — Johannes and Dina Hooghlandt, Femiltje Buys (Boice), wife of Eolkert Folkerse, Coert WUliameon, Matje Van Arsdalen (wid- ow of Jan Van Nuys). 1765. — Marie Van Nuys (widow of Abr. Van Arsdalen). 1766. — Adriaan Hegeman, Roelef Van Dyke and Catharine Emans, Gerrit Voorhees and Hannaatje Beekman, Maria Probasco (wife of Joris Bergen), Catharina Snedeker (wife of Joachim Quick). 1767. — Bernhardus Van Zandt and Beelitje Lattin, Lea Bange, Com. Measelaar. 1768.— Ennie Stryker (wife of Coert Willemsen). 1769. — Elizabeth Van Deursen (wife of Do. J. M. Van Harlingen), Chris- tophel Beekman and Martha Veghte, Jacobus Van Nuys, Hen- drick Stryker, Joseph Hegeman, Petrus Voorhees, Adrian^e Van Ai-sdalen, Peter Parlie, Cath. Voorhees (widow of Jan Cou- wenboven), Jannetje Cussjouw (Kershaw), wife of Jan Voor- hees. 1770. — Maria Gulik (widow of Petrus Quick), Theunis Maria Coeper ( wife of Jacob Jeng), Elizabeth Van Arsdalen, Jacobus Leek. 1771. — Com. Van Houten, Jacobus Nevius. 1774. — Jacobus Van Nuys and Maria HooglanJ, Antje Me6ch (wife ot John Tyne). 1775. — Sara (or Lena) Amerman (wife of Jan Wykkoff), .Joseph Hege- man and Lucreesju Willemse, Jeromis Bappulje, and Sarah Willemsen. 1776. — Stephen Terhune and Margretta. 1777. — Jan Amerman. 1779. — Jobs. Voorhees and Jannetje, Margretha Bendel (wife of Jacob Van Nuys). 1780. — Thomas, Dennis, and Catharine Couenhoven. EEFOEMED DUTCH CHUEOH OF EOCKT HILL. In the latter part of the winter of 1855-56 a few of the church-going citizens of Rocky Hill began se- I In writing this article use has been made of Corwin's " Centennial Memorial," Messler's " Historical Notes," and the minutes of the church. , g The orthography of the record has been copied, so far as possible. II Between 1746 and 1752 (date not given) Allebert Lou, Abraham Du- booiz, Eeynier Vegh tin, Jan Staats, Bern Ditmars, Joris Bergen, Cornelius Lou, Ab. Hegeman, Eeynier Van Heugelin, Ab. Polhemus, Hendrick Herder, Johannes Gribling, Peter Couenhoven, Susannah Lou, Deyna, and Helena Van Leuwe, Meeya Lakmier, Goertie Folkersen, Autis Couenhoven, Maria Hurder. ■ • 846 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. riously to advocate the building of a Reformed Dutch church in the village. After private consultation it was deemed expedient to test, by voluntary subscrip- tion, the feeling of the citizens of the village and vicinity before calling a public meeting. Samuel Brearly and Abraham Van Derveer were constituted (March 10th) a committee to solicit in behalf of the enterprise. In this labor they were quite successful. After obtaining a certain amount of money pledged to the undertaking, a public meeting was called, and held the 31st of March, 1856. On that occasion a committee was chosen to select a suitable site for the location of the proposed church, and to report at a subsequent meeting. At a meeting held June 7th the committee reported that they had selected a site for the church, which report was accepted, and the committee instructed to purchase the lot. A building committee was also chosen, consisting of Samuel Brearly, Thomas J. Skillman, and Wesley Morris, who, after mature deliberation, decided upon the plans and specifications of H. W. Leard, of Prince- ton, for a building 37 x 65 feet, of Gothic architec- ture. The plans being unanimously approved at a subsequent meeting, the building committee pro- ceeded in the matter of its erection. On the 4th of August, same year, they closed a contract with Mr. Leard for its erection; it cost $4245. It was com- pleted in the spring of 1857, when an application was made to Classis of Philadelphia to organize a church at Eocky Hill, which was accordingly done on May 6, 1857. The Classis appointed Revs. T. B. Romeyn, John Gardner, and Peter Labagh to organize the church ; and May 6, 1857, certificates of membership were received from the following : Michael Vrp.eland and Ann, his wife; Myndert Vreeland and Anuetrje Van Riper, his wife, of the Reformed Dutch Church of Bergen, N. J, From Griggstown : Isaac Van Derveer and Mary Skillman, hia wife ; Francis Stout, wife of Alexander Van Dike ; 'James Skillman. From Harlingen; Sally Ann Tenbrook, wife of M. V. D. 'Crueer; Joseph H. Voorhees and wife, Sarah 0. Westbrook. From Blawenburg : Mrs. Sarah Stryker, wife of William Cruser, deceased; Misses Cornelia M., Ann, Matilda, and Sarah Cruser ; Samuel Brearly and wife, Maria V. Conover; John A. Saurus and wife, Caroline Case; Cornelius Vreeland and wife, Gertrude Van Marter; Henry Vree- land and wife, Margaret ; W. H. Vreeland and wife, Mary Ann Stry- ker ; Abr. Van Derveer and wife, Phebe Reeves ; Abby Van Derveer, wife of Abm. 0. Voorhees ; Miss Catharine Jane Vreeland ; Dr. C. R. Van Doren and wife, Amanda Meeker ; Jacob Vreeland, Jr., and wife, Parmelia Van Dike. Number of members, 34. The building was all completed and free from debt at its dedication, June 10th following. Rev. Dr. B. C. Taylor preached the dedicatory sermon, and the venerable Rev. Dr. Peter Labagh took part in the exercises. The pews were sold, and a pastor called as soon as possible. Rev. Martin L. Schenck, the first pastor, took charge of the congregation in Sep- tember, 1857, and remained until July, 1865. A joint request was made to Classis by pastor and peo- ple to dissolve the connection, which was done Aug. 9, 1865. The following month, in response to a call, the Rev. Oscar Gesner assumed the pastoral charge, and sustained the relation until May, 1871. The en- suing year the church was dependent upon supplies, but in May, 1872, the Rev. H. C. Berg accepted a call from the congregation, and soon after entered upon his duties. This connection was dissolved Jan. 1, 1879, from which time until Aug. 1, 1879, the church was without a pastor. A call had, however, been made to the Rev. C. 0. Lansing, and accepted by him; he was duly installed August 1st, and has continued his ministrations until the present time. About ten years ago (1870) a lecture- and Sunday- school room, of 24 by 50 feet, was erected, of Gothic architecture, to correspond with the church. The parsonage is new, commodious, and tastefully planned. The Sabbath-school of Rooky Hill was organized in the spring of 1817 by Misses Jane, Catharine, and Sarah Van Derveer, Eliza and Sarah Reeves, and Mary Dunham, and conducted by them for many years, superintended by Jane Van Derveer, who sub- sequently went as a missionary to India. Prior to the organization of the Rocky Hill Church this school was attended by the children of the Kingston, Har- lingen, Blawenburg, and Griggstown Churches. This Sunday-school was the successor of the one established in 1815 for colored children by Abr. Stryker, of the Reformed Church of Harlingen, Jacob W. Lane, of the Presbyterian Church of Princeton, and Cornelius Van Derveer, of Kingston. For a year or two this was in existence, holding sessions on Sunday, a short distance west of the village. The first elders and deacons, ordained May 24, 1857, were : Elders, Myndert Vreeland, Samuel Brearly, Isaac Van Derveer, and J. H. Voorhees ; Deacons, John A. Saums, Michael Vreeland, Dr. C. R. Van Doren, and Jacob Vreeland, Jr. These and the fol- lowing have served at different times, up to the present, 1880 : Elders. — Abram Van Derveer, Henry Vreeland, Garret Vreeland, J. V. D. Baker, Blias Baker, Michael Vreeland, Wm. G. Shults, Jacob Vreeland, Jr., John C. Whitlock, Stephen Voorhees, Jacob J. Vreeland, M. S. Van Derveer, Stephen Cromwell, William Holmes, Thomas Plant, Garret Voorhees, Isaac Van Zandt, and T. F. Stryker. DeacOTjt.— Cornelius Vreeland, William Holmes, William G. Shults, William H. Vreeland, James Skillman, Frederick Cruser, Cornelius Baker, Jacob M. Vreeland, Stephen Cromwell, Thomas G. Plant, Garret Voorhees, 0. F. Brokaw, John Bastide, T. F. Stryker, F. V. D. Voorhees, F. Manley, William A. Cortelyou, Fred. P. Voorhees, Isaac Shults, Law- rence Conover, David H. Mount, Edwin S. Voorhees, Michael J. Vree- land, James G. Hageman, Charles L. Williamson, and Samuel B. Voorhees* This church has a present (1881) membership of 157, embracing 70 families.* THE REFORMED CHURCH OF BLAWENBURG. In 1830 the present edifice was erected at Blawen- burg by the society at Harlingen, probably as a matter of convenience to many of their members who lived at localities so remote as made regular attend- ance at the Harlingen church inconvenient, except- ing in the most favorable weather. This continued * We are under many obligations to Stephen Voorhees for the material facts contained in this sketch. MONTGOMERY. 847 to exist as a branch of the parent church until 1832. March 2d of that year it was " Rasolved, That the church he known and called by the name of the Beformed Dutch Church of Blawenburg."* Eev. Henry Hermance was the pastor at that time, and so continued until 1836. He was succeeded by the Rev. James R. Talmage, who had the pastoral care until 1849. Mr. Talmage was succeeded by the Rev. Theodore B. Romeyn, who continued until 1865, when he severed his connection, and Rev. C. "W. Fritts was called to the charge. He discharged the duties of pastor until 1871, when he retired, and Rev. W. B. Voorhees, the present pastor, was called as his successor. The church now has a membership of 250, and the Sunday-school, of which J. V. H. Reed is superin- tendent, has an average attendance of 40. Tife METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUBCH OF EOCKT HILL. The society was organized in the spring of 1869, and worshiped in a temporary building on the land of William Fairbanks. There were about twenty con- stituent members. Nov. 23, 1869, the corner-stone of the present house was laid, and the building was first occupied for public worship in the spring of 1870. The church is valued at $4000, and has a seating ca- pacity for 270 persons. The pastors have been Revs. Wiley, Atwood, Bos- well, Patterson, Morris, Hanly, Sawre, and Ogborn. The last named, Rev. W. N. Ogborn, is the present pastor. Services have been held regularly since the organi- zation of the church. TBINITT CHUBCH (PKOTESTANT EPISCOPAL), EOCKT HILL.f Rocky Hill appears among the stations visited by the Rev. John Brooke, a missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, who, after faithfully serving three or four years in New Jersey, was lost at sea about the close of 1707. His successor, Mr. Vaughan, probably visited this station, but no per- manent congregation seems to have been gathered here by him or his successors. The earliest services in recent times of which information has been ob- tained were conducted by the Rev. G. Emlen Hare, first rector of Trinity Church, Princeton, about 1840. Succeeding rectors of this church officiated from time to time at Rocky Hill, and such occasional ministra- tions became more fi-equent after the removal to this place of Mr. Henry McFarlane, in 1853. At his house regular services were begun Nov. 10, 1862, under the oversight of Eev. W. A. Dod, D.D., of Princeton, by Rev. W. G. Andrews, their lately or- dained deacon. A church containing a hundred sit- tings was built in 1864 by Mr. McFarlane's nephew, Harry Stone, of New York, and was consecrated July « Among the familiee who went from Harlingen to Blawenburg were those of Van Zandt, Sutphen, Voorheea, Schenck, etc, •j- Bev. W. G. Andrews. 15th in that year ; there were at that time nine com- municants. The parish was organized Nov. 25, 1865, the first wardens being Henry McFarlane and Benja- min Jackson, and the first vestrymen Edwin B. Gu- lick, Abram Voorhees, Peter Weston, William B. Mc- Farlane, and Isaac Bulman. Mr. Andrews remained in charge as missionary until April 25, 1866. He was succeeded by the Rev. Lewis H. Lighthipe, who became the first rector of the parish, and resigned in December, 1867. The Rev. Messrs. Daniel Shaver, Arthur R. Morris, and Ezra Isaacs each spent somewhat less than a year at Rocky Hill, the financial weakness of the parish making it difficult to provide adequate support for a rector. The Rev. Asa S. Oolton, residing in Princeton, supplied for the most part during the vacancies. In December, 1873, the Rev. William B. Bolmer became missionary under the care of the Convocation of New Brunswick ; he was chosen rector May 15, 1880, and re- signed in the following December. The present wardens are Thomas Arrowsmith (re- moved) and Horace C. Mahan; the vestrymen are Messrs. James B. Powell, Homer H. Mahan, Eugene B. McCarty, Emil Widder, and Peter V. Outcalt. Communicants, as reported at the last diocesan con- vention, 47. BURIAL-PLACES. EOOKT HILL CBMETEBY ASSOCIATION. Aug. 10, 1858, Samuel Brearley, Daniel H. Mount, and William Holmes purchased six acres near the vil- lage, of Stephen Cromwell, for $600, in trust for the above-named association. Since that time the com- pany have sold burial-lots in the cemetery to ninety persons. The present officers (1880) are Thomas J. Skillman, President; David H. Mount, Treasurer; Stephen Voorhees, Secretary and Superintendent. Among the private or family burial-grounds in this township are the following : THE DUEYEA CBMETEBY, a private cemetery back of the residence of Alex- ander Duryea. A few of the inscriptions are here given : " In memory of Maria Van Liew, wife of George Duryee. Born March 14,1724; died October 28, 1761." " In memory of George Duryee, son of George and Magdalen Dnryee, who died October 3, 1776, aged 6 years and 6 months." " In memory of George Duryee. Died October 2, 1794, aged 66 years." " In memory Magdalen Baird, wife of George Duryee. Died December 5, 1793, aged 66 years." " Maria Statesur, wife of Simon Duryee. Died Feb. 2, 1804, in the 4l8t year of her age." HAELINGEN CEMETEBY. " Juffrouw Sarah Van Harlingen Gebooren ■. Stryker Gehooren Den. 1. luny A» 1744. EnoTorleeden Den. 27 Decenber A" 1766." " Here lies y» body of M. Peter Perlee he Departed this Life April y» 18ti», 1781 In y" 40*'* yeare of his Age." " In memory of Catharine.iwife of Jacob Kershow, who died June 27«', 1777, in the 66 year of her age." " Here lies y body of Albert Voorfiees, who died Sep' y 26't, 1784, io yo 69* year of his age." i " In memory of the Bey. Johannes Martinus Tan Harlingen, Pastor oF 848 SOMEKSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. the Beformed dutch congregation of Sourland and new Shannick, who died December 23^ 1795, in the 7lBt year of hia age." " In memory of Harriet Eomeyn, daughter of the Rev. Peter and Maria Lahaugh, who died February 27, 1814, aged 2 years 11 mo 17 days." " In memory Hendricli Yan Harlingen, who was born Oct. the 15th, 1796, and died JanJ the 21" 1780." A HISTORIC WELL. The following circumstance, which at the time of its occurrence was trivial enough, has, in the interve- ning years, hecome fraught with historic interest, from its connection with the terrible struggle by which our land gained its independence. In 1783 a detachment of Gen. Washington's army en route to the headquarters of their commander, at Rocky Hill, came along the road leading by Mr. Duryea's farm, and stopped at the well to drink and fill their canteens with its delicious contents. Tired and thirsty and almost choked with the dust of a long march, each man drank copiously, and, although Nature did her best, by means of an unfailing spring at the bottom of the well, to replenish the water thus consumed, the demand was greatly in excess of the supply, and by the time each thirsty soldier had sup- plied his want the water was literally exhausted. ■ The well is only about ten feet deep, but its supply of water had never before failed to meet the demand, neither has it done so since. It is located on the present estate of Alexander D. Duryea. BIOGPtAPHIOAL SKETCHES. JOHN VAN ZANDT. JOHN VAN ZANDT. The subject of this memoir was the great-grandson of Bemardua Van Zandt, who was born in Holland, Oct. 3, 1700, and came to this country at a date of which we have no record. Soon after his arrival here he purchased a tract of two hundred and twenty-six acres of land, adjoining the Voorhees estate, in Mont- gomery township, Somerset Co., then a part of the "Eastern Division of the Province of New Jersey." He died March 27, 1778. Nicholas, the second son of Bernardus, was born Dec. 25, 1737. He married Lucretia Van Brunt, and succeeded to the homestead on the decease of his father, where he continued to reside until the time of his death, in 1805. The old homestead was then eonveyed by the other heirs to Capt. Bernardus Van Zandt, who was the second son of Nicholas. He married, Jan. 7, 1790, Sarah Sutphen, a most amiable lady. The marked ability of Capt. Bernardus in the man- agement of his farm and the excellent qualities of his wife attracted the attention of her uncle, James Nevius. He had no family and lived alone upon an adjacent farm, and finally, in 1809, persuaded his niece and her husband to leave the old homestead and live with him. He died about- two years afterwards, leaving hia large farm by " will" to Capt. Bernardus, subject, however, to the payment of certain legacies. They remained upon the Nevius farim as long as they lived and raised a family of two sons and eight daugh- ters, three of whom are still living (January, 1881). Their second son, Nicholas, lived upon the old MONTGOMERY. 8i9- homestead, and it is still in the possession of his heirs, and within the same boundary lines as when purchased, nearly one hundred and fifty years ago. The eldest of the ten children, John Van Zandt, was horn June 10, 1791. He married, Nov. 20, 1817, Anna, the eldest daughter of Stephen Voorhees, a woman of lovely disposition and unaffected piety. They succeeded to the Nevius farm in 1850, by " will" of his father, and resided there until their decease. They had six children, two of whom died in their youth. Their sons James and Augustus and daugh- ters Sarah and Anna Eliza are still living. Mr. Van Zandt was a prominent member of the Re- formed Dutch Church of Harlingen until nearly fifty years since, when he and a few of his neighbors founded the Reformed Dutch Church of Blawen- burg. He was one of a most excellent building com- mittee who, by their liberality, zeal, and personal labor, erected what must then have been a hand- some and substantial church edifice, and it remains to-day an enduring monument of their philanthropy and piety. He cherished the welfare of that church with greatest ardor, and was always glad to give his time, his labor, and his money to promote its interests. He served in the offices of elder and deacon at vari- ous times. He was -a most liberal contributor, and was identified with every beneficial interest of the church. His educational advantages were only such as the district school afforded, but he was intelligent and fond of reading, and in his later years was well in- formed. He received a "second sight," and read without glasses. A marked peculiarity of his old age was that he took a great interest in every new project and in- vention. In politics he was a staunch Whig and afterwards a Republican, never failing in duty at the polls. He lived under the administrations of nineteen Presidents of the United States, commencing with Washington, and probably voted at sixteen Presidential elections. After a long and useful life of integrity, piety, la- bor, and success in every particular, he died Jan. 2, 1881, in the ninetieth year of his age, respected, hon- ored, and beloved by' all who knew him. Just two weeks afterwards his amiable wife died also, and was buried by his side in the cemetery at Blawenburg. They leave, surviving them, four children, twenty grandchildren, and eleven great-grandchildren, nearly all of whom are living in the vicinity of their ances- tral home. JAMES N. VAN ZANDT. James N. Van Zandt, a view of whose attractive place — endeared to himself and children by memories of home, and so indicative of the industry, thrift, and cultured taste of the owner — may be seen on another page of this work, is the eldest son of John Van Zandt, of Blawenburg, and is regarded as one of the model agriculturists of Somerset County. He first purchased of Garret Van Zandt a small farm of seventy -two acres, situated in Montgomery township, near Blawenburg, to which, in 1860, was added one hundred acres of the old homestead of his father. In that year he erected thereon a large brick residence with outbuildings. He has confined his labors strictly to the cultivation and improvement of his farm, expending time and money in under-draining it, adopting all of the practical modern improvements tending to facilitate the operations of agriculture. He is a gentleman extremely modest and unassuming in manner, devoted to his home and family, and' by his manly Christian life has earned for himself a place among the most respected representative men of his vicinity. ABRAM C. WIKOFf! Abram C. Wikofif, the third son of Samuel and Abi- gail (Bembridge) Wikoff", and grandson of Garret Wikoflf, was born in- the township of Hillsborough, Somerset Co., N. J., Feb. 29, 1826, and removed to Montgomery township, to the place where he now re- sides, in 1850. He is by occupation a farmer, and is among the leading agriculturists of the township.' Dec. 18, 1849, he married Louisa M. Garretson, daughter of James Garretson, of Raritan Landing. They have four children,— viz., Catharine, Samuel, Hannah M., and James Wikoff. Catharine married Stephen Gano, a civil engineer, residing at Fleming- ton, N. J., and has one child, Frederick. 850 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. Mrs. Louisa M., wife of Mr. Wikoff, was born at Weston, Hillsborough township, Oct. 3, 1825. Mr. WikoiT was formerly a Whig, but since the dis- solution of that party has been a staunch Republican. He has never sought office, but has filled several offi- cial positions in his township, and has been surveyor for Bound Brook Fire Insurance Company for several years. He is an active member of the Reformed Church of Harlingen, and has at various times held the offices of deacon and elder, the latter of which he now holds. Samuel and Abigail Wikoff had, besides the subject of this notice, the following-named children : Garret, Adrenna, John B., Peter W., Isaac V. C, Maria, Jacob T., William Henry, Matilda, and Samuel L. Abigail Bembridge, the wife of Samuel Wikoff, was a daughter of John Bembridge, of Hillsborough. DAVID 0. VOOilHEES. The subject of this notice was born in Blawenburg, Somerset Co., N. J., Aug. 3, 1816. He is a son of .Brunei, &' 'Vo-cnI.Au Okey Voorhees, who was born Aug. 29, 1743, and died May 21, 1819. His wife's name was Allemma Ker- shaw, who ' was born Aug. 3, 1781, and died March 2'3,'iS6'i'. They had two children,— viz., Peter O., born March 6,1806, and David 0., as stated above. Peter 0. married Frances B., daughter of Stephen Stryker, of Harlingen, N. J., by whom he had six children, four of whom are now living (1880), two .having died in infancy. Stephen S., the first son of Peter 0., married Se- lina, the daughter of Peter J. Stryker, of Blawenburg. They have two children. Mary Ann married Peter Oortelyou; they have five children. Mr. Oortleyou and his family are now residing in Sommerset, Kan. David P. married Elizabeth, daugh- ter of John Moore, of Hopewell, Mercer Co., N. J. They have one child. Allemma Voorhees is still single. David 0. was married, Deo. 15, 1839, to Rebecca Ann, daughter of Samuel H. and Mary S. Hageman, of Blawenburg, by whom he has one son. Holmes Hage- man Voorhees, born Sept. 9, 1857. Mr. Voorhees has been brought up on a farm and is strictly an agri- culturist ; has received such an education aa was usually acquired at the common town or district schools of his time. He has never taken great inter- est in political affairs ; has been a Whig, and since the Republican paity has been the dominant one he has been identified with that. Mr. Voorhees has been a " freeholder" of his township one term ; has been a member of the Reformed Church of Blawenburg about thirty years, holding at different times the principal offices pertaining thereto. PETER STRYKER STOUT. Peter Stryker Stout is a lineal descendant of Richard Stout, the general paternal ancestor, probably, of all PETER STRYKER STOUT. the families of that name in America. He came over to this country from Nottinghamshire, England, some time between 1640 and 1648. William Stout was the grandfather of Peter Stryker Stout, and married Rachel Carr. They had a family ■tUXy^> is the name given to the neigh- borhood of French's Mill. There is quite a little clus- ter of buildings at the head of the gorge, where it ex- pands into Washington Valley, — the mill, residences of the proprietors, blacksmith- and repair-shops, school-house, etc. Demler's Hotel, farther down the brook, by the roadside, has been kept as a house of entertainment about eighty years. It was originally kept about the beginning of this century 1)y "Aunt Dolly Davis." Mr. Demlar, who has resided in the township forty-seven years, kept the hotel thirty- three years ago; he then rented it, and in 1868 pur- chased the premises. He is a native of Germany, and came to this country about 1829. Brook Mill, the hatters' fur-manufacturing estab- lishment of Harper, Hollingsworth & Darby, is situ- ated in the east part of the township, near Scotch Plains. It was established in 1809, employs about thirty hands, two wood-workers, and two machinists. The company build their own machines, run by water- power when Green Brook affords a sufficient supply, but have additional steam-power. The fur is brought from New York, and the manufactured goods returned to that city for market. Loftus Hollingsworth, busi- ness manager. CHURCHES. There is but one church in the township, — that of the Protestant Episcopal parish, in the village of North Plainfield, the history of which is as follows: J The church was erected by the Rev. Edward Embury at his own personal cost. The ground was broken for the foundation on Tuesday, Aug. 4, 1868. During the autumn and winter following, as well as spring, the work went on slowly, but without interruption. The building having been completed, painted, and pro- vided with a fine organ and the necessary furniture, divine service was held therein on Sunday, June 13, 1869. The organ was the liberal gift of Mrs. Eleanor Bronk, wife of IT. P. Bronk, Esq. The cost of the church edifice when finished and furnished, including the ground on which it stands, was at that time estimated at 121,000. X By Bov, T. Logan Murphy, Hector. NORTH PLAINFIELD. 863 At a meeting of the members of the congregation regularly called it was decided that this church should hereafter be known as the Church of the Holy Cross; the parish was organized, and was afterwards admitted into union with the convention. The meeting was held on the evening of the 17th of August, consisting of the male members of the congregation worshiping in said edifice. Service was held before the organiza- tion of a parish, the Eev. Mr. Embury officiating. Ml-. Embury being absent for a time, others performed ministerial duties in the mean time. On Nov. 11, 1870, the Eev. Mr. Embury was for- mally called by the vestry of this church to the rec- torship of the same, and on December 9th the Eev. Alfred Goldsborough accepted a call from the vestry to become assistant rector, entering upon his official duties on the first Sunday of the new year, 1871. He resigned March 20, 1872, to take effect the coming Easter, March 31st, the time of his incumbency being one year and three months. The number of communicants at that time was 50. The Sunday- school numbered 30 scholars and 5 teachers. The Eev. Charles W. Ward accepted the assistant rectorship of the parish Aug. 1, 1872. The Eev. Mr. Embury sent to the vestry "his letter of resignation March 21, 1873, and on May 21st it was reluctantly accepted. On the same evening the assistant rector was called to the rectorship, and on November 29th of the same year he resigned, after an incumbency of six months and fifteen days. The Eev. C. W. Camp entered upon the rectorship on Easter Sunday, April 5, 1874, and on April 17, 1875, resigned, his resignation to take effect July 1st of the same year. On September 27th the Eev. Charles C. Fiske entered upon the rectorship. He resigned Dec. 6, 1876. The present rector (T. Logan Murphy) entered upon his duties on Feb. 14, 1877. The official acts up to the present date are : Bap- tisms, 112 ; confirmed, 71 ; marriages, 16 ; burials, 47 ; communicants, 165. There has been contributed from the first the sum of $26,000. The gift of the church and the Spooner memorial building makes the amount about $50,000. In the convention address of the bishop of the dio- cese for the year 1877 he says, — " There are one or two events of the past year which I deem important enough to deserve special mention here. One is the consecration of the Chnrch of the Holy Cross. The Eev. Edmund Embury built this beauti- ful church some years ago on his own private estate, and for a time min- istered to the congregation in spiritual things, till advancing years and failing strength compelled him to seek assistance, and finally to resign altogether the oversight of the pariah. According to his wish, the 14th of September last was set apart for the consecration of the church. The deed of gift of the entfi-e property, worth not loss than $20,000, wa8 placed upon the alms-basin by Mr. Embury's own baud. " The entire control of the property, free from debt, is given to the rec- tor, wardens, and vestrymen of the parish, with the sole proviso that it shall never be encumbered in any way. At the conclusion of the conse- cration service the assembled clergy adjourned to lay the corner-stone of the Spooner Memorial House, just in the rear of the chnrch. This house is now completed, and occupied as a rector's study and for various parish purposes." The parish has furnished this building and contrib- uted about one-seventh of the cost towards its erec- tion . The Sunday-school has also purchased an organ for the same. The congregation furnished the com- munion service and font, carpeted the church, and cushioned the pews. The alms-basin was the gener- ous gift of the Eev. Mr. Ward while he was rector. During the past year a bell weighing over 1600 pounds has been placed in the church tower. BURIAL-PLACES. The only public burial-place in the township ex- tends into it from the rear of the Presbyterian church, which stands on Front Street, in the city of Plain- field. It has been used for purposes of interment about fifty years, and contains many graves of the pioneers and their descendants. Those in the eastern part of the town have usually buried -their dead at Union Village or Scotch Plain. At the latter place is the oldest burial-ground in this section of the country, connected with the Baptist Church, but it is outside of this township, in Union County. PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST. Under this head the most noted place, and perhaps the only one worthy of mention, is Washington Eock, situated on the First Mountain, a little west of the middle of the township of North Plainfield, at an ele- vation of 511 feet above the sea. It commands a view of one of the most interesting, well-defined, and beautiful landscapes in the world. From this rock the immortal Washington was enabled to watch the movements of the British fleet in Earitan Bay, as well as the land forces under Sir William Howe and Lord Sterling, and thus thwarted the purpose of the enemy. An association has been formed to erect a monument to the memory of Washington on this sacred spot, the corner-stone of which was laid with appropriate honors July 4, 1867. (See chapter on the Eevolution, in this work, for further account.) WASHINGTON MONtTMENT AND HISTORICAL ASSO- CIATION.* Jan. 25, 1867, a few citizens of Plainfield, deeming it the duty of patriotism to honor a locality so emi- nently historic, met at Laing's Hall and formed a monumental association, which, on the following 11th of April, was duly incorporated by the Legislature of New Jersey, and subsequently adopted a constitution.! * Furnished by Hon. Nathan Harper. f Article 1. of the Constitution recites that the objects of the association "shall be the acquirement of title to, and permanent retention of, the spot in the county of Somerset known as * Washington's Itock,' together with an eligible monumental site adjacent thereto, and for the erection and preservation on such ground of a monument sacredly dedicated to the memory of George Washington ; and for the appropriate observance of the twenty-second day of February in each and every year ; and for the collection and safe keeping of Revolutionary annals and relics." At no place was Washington's heart made to rejoice more than as he stood upon this rock and, with glass in hand, watched the British fleet of two hundred and seventy transports, that filled Amboy Bay, leave its anchorage and lose itself to sight in the great sea beyond. "Of the B. 864 SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. July 4, 1867, iu the presence of an immense con- course of people, and with Masonic ceremonies, the corner-stone of the monument was laid, the president of the association, Mr. Harper, delivering an address. The monument has not yet been reared, but the purpose lives to finally accomplish the work and at no distant day. The association maintains vigorous existence, and on Feb. 22, 1880, elected the following officers for the ensuing year : President, Nathan Har- per ; Vice-Presidents, Alfred Berry, Stephen O. Hor- ton ; Treasurer, Elias E. Pope ; Corresponding Sec- retary, James E. Martine ; Recording Secretary, T. J. Gillies; Finance Committee, Alfred Berry, Elias E. Pope, William B. Maxon, J. Frank Hubbard, L. V. F. Eandolph, William J. Leonard, William S. Force; Monument Committee, Peter P. Good, Ste- phen 0. Horton, John H. Staats, George E. Pound, John H. Jackson ; Printing Committee, N. Carman Dunn, James Lyon, Henry J. Storrs. THE WASHINGTON ROCK CKLEBRATION. The Centennial Fourth of July was celebrated at Washington Eock in a manner worthy of the time and place. About the hour named in programme, the president of the day, Nathan Harper, called the large assemblage to order, whereupon the Eev. The- odore S. Brown, of Dunellen, offered up a most beau- tiful and touching prayer, and Mr. Harper made the opening address. From the lengthy address prepared by E. S. Bailey, and read by the president on this oc- casion, we make the following extracts : " I am indebted to Mr. Ephraim Vail, of Green Brook, for the following information : Mr. Vail's wub the first two-story house built this side of Brunswick Landing, and is now more than one hundred years old. His house was the one nearest to the rock for long years. He remembers hearing his father tell of a visit made in this vicinity by three or four men, who came from Long Island to see friends. They were met by oue John Marcellus, who told them that if they ' didn't mind they would be arrested as spies,' and directed them to Mr. Vail's barn for safety. Mar- celluB immediately reported them to the soldiers, who arrested them. One was shot as a spy ; the chestnut-tree standing in the old open lot, a little back from the Green Brook road, and between the two houses now occupied by Mr. Vail and Mr. Sandford, marks the spot of this execution. The othei-s were sent to the general at Morristown. Mr. Vail also says that the honor of having shown Washington this rock as a 'sightly place' belongs to one Edward Fitz Eandolph, of Piscataway, a man of some local fame during Revolutionary times, who led the way to the rock on a horse furnished him by Washington. The descendants of this man ore now living near the old homestead. " I will here venture the suggestion that from the arrival of Washing- ton, May 28th, until the disappearance of the British, June 30th, he was a frequent visitor at this rock. I find no positive history giving me this authority, but a frequent remark in all the histories suggesting it, as, — ' On the 2otb of June Washington was on the rock watching the engage- ment of the soldiers commanded by Gen. Stirling as they skirmished with Lord CornwalHs, and at various times be resorted to this place to ascer- tain the movements of the enemy.' — {HiM. Coll. iV. ,7., 202.) ' Washing- ton knew well the Advantage of these hills, and watched every movement of the enemy.'— (Sisi. of ElUaielh.) 'June 13th, being apprised of a movement of Gen. Howe, Washington at daybreak reconnoitred the enemy from the height before the camp.' "—(Irvmg'i Waahington, iii. 72 ) rock itself but little can be said. Could it change mute impersonality, and relate all its own history and the scenes enacted upon the plain below, then only would it be complete. It would tell of a thousand events full of interest, but the most prized incident of all would be its story of the visits of the great Washington. Judge Peter P. Good, to whom was assigned the reading of the Declaration of Independence, dis- charged that duty in a masterly style. The orator of the day, Eev. John H. Vincent, D.D., was then in- troduced and at once proceeded to deliver one of the best orations that ever fell from mortal lips. The exercises closed with the benediction by Eev. Mr, Brown. Music lent its charms at stated intervals, and good order and close attention governed the audience throughout. The celebration was a fine affair, and the number of visitors at the Eock was immense. SCHOOLS. The report of the State board of education for the ' year ending Aug. 1, 1879, shows the following statis- tics of public schools in North Plainfleld : Washing- tonville. Green Brook, and North Plainfleld Districts, Nos. 36, 37, and 38 ; aggregate value of property, $4500 ; number of children of school age in the township, 1010 ; number enrolled, 578 ; average attendance, 311 ; number of teachers, 8, — male, 2 ; female, 6 ; total amount received for school purposes, $4967.45. STATISTICS. Amount of funded debt $o4,C00 Composed as follows: ISighty-nine 3500 coupon bonds 44,fi00 Twenty $180 coupon bonds 0,600 One school bond of *600 500 Total $54,000 Rate of interest, 7 per cent. Purpose for which contracted, street improvement, — to wit, grading, macadamizing, and engineering Somerset Street, Johnston Drive, and Grove Street extension, and for building extension on school- house; these bonds became due in 1879, $7500; 1880, $11,000; and there falls due in 1881, $5000; 1882, $14,000; 1883, $7780; 1884, $6320; 1885, $1500; 1886, $1000. Total, $54,600. Amount of floating debt : Township, $5150 ; school, Amount of real property, $1,244,985; deduction therefrom, $171,889. Amount of personal property, $164,150. Total amount of real and personal property, $1,237,246. Rate of tax : State purposes (State, 5 cents ; school, 20 cents), 25 cents; county, 23 cents. Local: town- ship, 14 cents ; poor, 12 cents; road, 15 cents ; special school, 34 cents; interest, 57 cents, and 10 per cent, on principal due 1879 and 1880, 14 cents. Amount of tax ordered to be raised $21,820.32 Annual expenses: State .y..... 604.60 County 3,054.82 State school 2,06H.OO Township 1,800.00 Poor 1,600.00 Rood 200.00 Interest '. 7,674.00 Ten per cent, of principal 1,850.00 Dog 106.60 Poll 013.00 Special school-tax, S!32+.'.i6. School expenses, about $5000.