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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 3 1924 072 077 203 
 
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IW7a. 
 
Mdliresses ©eflnwredl 
 <^ — sumdl Papers Keadl 
 
 X BEFORE THE X 
 
 MnstorneM §<Q)dieily 
 
 X AT THEIR X 
 
 Rrnmrasill sinnd Semran s 
 
 FEBRUARY 22nd, and JULY 22nd, 1896. 
 
 XXX 
 
 Gazette Book & Joe Pbint, 
 
 Pobt Jebvis, N. Y. 
 
 1897. 
 
The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924072077203 
 
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 REV. DR. R. W. MILLS, President. 
 LEVI VAN ETTEN, Vice President. 
 FRANCIS MARVIN, Vice Peesident. 
 JOHN I. WESTBROOK, Vice President. 
 ELTING CCTDDEBACK. Vice President. 
 DR. W. L. CUDDEBACK, Recording Secretary. 
 W. H. NEARPASS, Corresponding Secretary. 
 C. F. VAN INWEGEN, Treasurer. 
 
 Executive Committee s 
 
 BENJ. VAN FLEET, O. P. HOWELL, 
 
 C. E. CUDDEBACK. J. J. MILLS, 
 
 WITH OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
X DESCRIPTION OF X 
 
 MQUMinnieniitt sanndl TaiMetlo 
 
 CXS-O^O 
 
 The monument is a solid block of blue stone, witli rough 
 cut edges and smooth dressed front, the dimensions being 
 three feet and seven inches high, sixteen inches in thick- 
 ness, and four feet and six inches in width. The tablet, 
 which is affixed to the dressed surface of the stone by four 
 expansion bolts, is of bronze, three-sixteenths of an inch 
 thick, with raised letters and is three feet wide and twenty- 
 one inches high. The whole monument rests on a stone 
 foundation of masonry five feet deep, below the frost line. 
 The tablet bears the following inscription in raised letters : 
 
 • - -■ • • 
 
 TO PERPETUATE THE MEMORY OF 
 
 BENJAMIN EATON, 
 
 WHO SERVED IN THE CONTINENTAL ARMY , 
 
 AS A MEMBER OF THE BODY GUARD OF 
 
 GENERAL WASHINGTON. 
 
 1780-1783. 
 
 " CONQUER OR DIE. " 
 
 l PLACED HERE BY THE MINISINK VALLEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
x ADDRESSES x 
 
 X DELIVERED AT X 
 
 THE SEMI-ANNUAL MEETING, 
 
 At the eighth semi-annual meeting of the Minisink 
 Valley Historical Society held at Cuddebackville, 
 July 22d, 1896, a tablet erected by the Society to the 
 memory of Benjamin Eaton, one of Washington's 
 Life Guard, who had been buried fifty-three years be- 
 fore in the cemetery at Cuddebackville, was unveiled 
 with appropriate exercises. 
 
 After brief introductory remarks by the President 
 of the Society, an address connected with the unveil- 
 ing of the tablet was made by John W. Lyon, Esq., 
 of Port Jervis. The Rev. Robert Bruce Clark, of 
 Goshen, followed with an address on Liberty and 
 Patriotism. These, together with a sketch of the life 
 of Benjamin Eaton, prepared by the Hon. Francis 
 Marvin, and read at the annual meeting of the So- 
 ciety in February, 1896, and papers relating to the 
 Town of Caudebec in France and to the Caudebec 
 family, prepared by Dr. W. L. Cuddeback and read 
 at the July meeting, have been deemed worthy of 
 publication and are contained in this pamphlet, ac- 
 companied by a cut of the tablet. 
 
 Introductory remarks in part by the President of 
 the Society: 
 
After alluding to the assembling of the Society at 
 the place of its first midsummer meeting and where 
 it met for five successive years, and extending a cor- 
 dial greeting to all who were present, he stated that 
 the object of the Society was patriotic as well as his- 
 toric. It is expressly stated in its constitution that 
 one of its objects will be " to encourage a patriotic 
 sentiment" The times fixed for the two stated meet- 
 ings of the Society are well adapted to promote this 
 object. The annual meeting is on the 22d of February, 
 the birthday of the immortal Washington, and can 
 never be observed without bringing before the mind 
 of every true American the name of one who stands 
 out in all history as an example of all that is best 
 and noblest in patriotic virtue. 
 
 Our semi-annual meeting on July 22d reminds us 
 of the heroic deeds of the people of this valley and of 
 the surrounding country, who on this day, 117 years 
 ago, inspired by loftiest patriotism, rose up in defence 
 of their homes and liberties, which had been ruthless- 
 ly invaded by a savage foe, and sacrificed all that 
 was dear to them that themselves, their wives and 
 children might dwell in peace and security. In this 
 deadly conflict, in which one-half of the patriot band 
 fell before a foe far surpassing them in number, were 
 performed deeds of valor and heroism which should 
 cause their names to be held in grateful remembrance 
 by coming generations. 
 
 Our Society has just rendered a patriotic service in 
 placing a tablet to mark the resting-place of one who 
 served well his day and generation in the great strug- 
 gle for American Independence. 
 
 Of this you will hear more fully from one well 
 known to most of those present, born and reared in 
 
this valley, and whom I take pleasure in now present- 
 ing to you. 
 
 Address in part of John W. Lyon, Esq. : 
 The veil which has just been removed by reverent 
 hands discloses forever to public view a tablet to per- 
 petuate a record placed over the final resting-pla.ee 
 of Benjamin Eaton. The ceremony which brings lis 
 together on this occasion is therefore fraught with 
 both sentiment and reverence. It is indeed a grand 
 spectacle to witness here the remembrance and grati- 
 tude apparent from your presence. Upwards of half 
 a. century ago our good and patriotic ancestors gath- 
 ered at. the bier of one whose life and struggles for 
 the liberty enjoyed by them were terminated by the 
 inscrutable hand, and here among these hills and at 
 the threshold of the historic valley of the Neversink, 
 pointing towards our beautiful village of Port. Jervis, 
 good men, and women too, paid final tribute to him 
 whose life and deeds we are to-day reviving with our 
 presence and the placing of a record which will de- 
 clare to coming generations the patriotism, reverence 
 and gratitude of the generation immediately succeed- 
 ing that of the one for whom this appropriate tablet 
 is placed. Our children, and children's children, we 
 may safely and naturally assume, will view with 
 pride and recognize by events similar to this, their 
 full appreciation, not only of the subject of this gath- 
 ering, but also the motives and sentiments which 
 prompted us to meet here this eventful 22d day of 
 July, 1896. 
 
 But little can be learned of the place of birth and 
 the direct ancestry of Benjamin Eaton. However, 
 from data and information at hand, it seems that he 
 was born at Salem, in Massachusetts. From the best 
 
records obtainable it appears that he enlisted in the 
 Continental army from the State of New Jersey, and 
 information from the War Department at Washing- 
 ton states that he served as a private in the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief's Guards, Continental troops. His 
 name appears on the rolls from April 1st, 1780, to 
 April, 1783. After the war he probably lived near 
 Newburgh until old age led him and his wife to make 
 their home with a son, Benjamin W. Eaton, about 
 midway between Cuddebackville and Otisville, gen- 
 erally known as the Dilly place, in a log house eigh- 
 teen or twenty feet square. Here he died Oct. 16th, 
 1843, and was buried with military honors. Hon. 
 Lewis Cuddeback, whom most of us remember as a 
 highly honored and respected citizen of this town and 
 afterwards of Goshen, assumed charge of the funeral 
 arrangements. Captain Peter P. Swartwout had 
 command of the procession. Peter L. Gumaer and 
 his brother, Jacob C. E., were lifers on the occasion, 
 and Peter states his recollection of the whole affair 
 as distinctly as though it occurred but a. short time 
 ago — the long, tiresome march and the tunes that 
 were played. The music was " Boyne W T ater," some 
 times called the " Dead March." Peter was at the 
 time about 17 years of age, and with his brother, en- 
 rolled as musicians in the militia. 
 
 Such was the life and surroundings of the subject 
 of this gathering. It is therefore exceedingly appro- 
 priate, as well as commendable, that the event of 
 1843, when his remains were placed here, that to-day, 
 we, the descendants of that generation, should gather 
 under the auspices of this occasion and unveil and 
 give to posterity a fitting record of the life of one 
 illustrious because of his associations with the great 
 
men who straggled for our independence. To his 
 memory and the memory of those who participated 
 in his burial, as well as in your behalf, I tender to the 
 world and posterity the record of Benjamin Eaton as 
 inscribed upon this appropriate tablet, and may it be 
 preserved as a fitting emblem expressing the senti- 
 ment and reverence of this generation. 
 
 Address in substance of the Rev. Robert Bruce 
 Clark: 
 
 The President of your Society gave me in his invi- 
 tation to address you at this time my option of a sub- 
 ject either historic or patriotic. As I do not feel 
 competent to speak to you of the " Minisink Battle *' 
 I have availed myself of this option and will talk to 
 you on the subject of " Liberty and Patriotism." 
 
 The air is redolent with the memory of things gone. 
 The place is historic. No longer does blood flow in 
 these valleys. The mountain streams rush on in 
 their purity to the sea. We have gathered to-day to 
 whet our memories of things past, and to stimulate 
 our energies for future action. 1 saw in a cemetery 
 in Edinburgh, Scotland, a great Scotch granite monu- 
 ment erected to the memory of those of Scottish birth 
 who died in our late civi t war. Surmounting the ped- 
 estal is a. bronze figure of Abraham Lincoln and at 
 his feet the bending figure of a colored man with out- 
 stretched arms and upturned face. At the base are 
 the words " Emancipation, education, suffrage," and 
 also these immortal words, " To preserve the jewel of 
 liberty in the framework of freedom." To preserve 
 this jewel has been the effort of mankind since the 
 world began. It shows plainly in Biblical history. 
 Abimelech made himself king and debased the liber- 
 ty of the people. In every great nation in the 
 
world's history man's birthright of liberty has been 
 debased by the selfishness of rulers and diplomats. 
 There has been a gradual evolution in the direction 
 of liberty, but the process has been slow and is still 
 slow in many countries. The greatest foe to liberty 
 in all ages has been dishonest, diplomacy. This na- 
 tion was born from a. trinity of influences that pro- 
 duced the fruit of individual liberty. We are from 
 the slow, determined, steady-going pious Hollander, 
 from :he mercurial and enthusiastic Frenchman, and 
 from the angles of England ; making a people better 
 than the Hollander, stronger than the Briton, and 
 more enthusiastic than the French. 
 
 Freedom is of three kinds. First comes physical 
 liberty, which consists of the right to the free use of 
 our faculties. It took centuries of struggle to estab- 
 lish the fact that a man's body is inviolate. Now all 
 the resources of science and art are enlisted to pre- 
 serve it from disease and accident. Next comes 
 liberty of mind, full freedom of intellect and opinion. 
 Only in modern times has such liberty existed. Men 
 of science have been crucified for proclaiming the 
 truth, but now all the world pays tribute to the ex- 
 pressed opinion of the man whose research or wisdom 
 gives value to that opinion. In this liberty of mind 
 is included religious freedom. Nowadays a man is 
 accepted for the purity of his life rather than con- 
 formity to a creed, but it lias taken ages for the world 
 to attain that altitude. Next is civil liberty. It has 
 required centuries of struggle to locate the sover- 
 eignty of the state. Not until 1787 did our ancestors 
 locate it with the people. England established her 
 sovereignty in the House of Commons in the great 
 suffrage reform measures of 1832. 
 
The various kinds of liberty above mentioned make 
 the fullest and conipletest liberty. We enjoy all the 
 liberty of body, mind, religion and civil condition, 
 and in this respect we are greatly blessed, far more 
 so than any other nation. 
 
 The speaker then enumerated the various causes 
 which had hindered the development of civil liberty. 
 The conspiracy of Cataline in Rome, the dissimula- 
 ting diplomacy of Machiavelli during the middle 
 ages, the malign influence of Robespierre and his 
 fellow -terrorists of the French Revolution, the rise of 
 Napoleon, the cold, calculating, mercenary and licen- 
 tious Talleyrand. 
 
 He reviewed the circumstances preceding the Rev- 
 olutionary war, showing how loyal the people were 
 disposed toward the British Crown and how their 
 loyalty was destroyed by loug-continned exactions 
 and tyranny. We did not rebel against England un- 
 til forced by the bitterest oppression and neglect. 
 The great success on the part of our ancestors was 
 due to their integrity and their tenacity in holding 
 against, the dissimulation of tories and enemies. 
 They had a heroism fixed in principle and sanctified 
 by faith and a vision of a great future. 
 
 The stirring eloquence of James Otis and Patrick 
 Henry were described, and that of America's defen- 
 ders in the British House of Commons, Oiatham and 
 Burke. 
 
 He paid a tribute to the constructive statesman- 
 ship and political wisdom exhibited in devising a 
 framework of government so exquisitely adapted to 
 the needs of the free people of this continent He 
 praised also the work of reconstruction after our civil 
 war and concluded with an eloquent description of 
 The future possibilities of this country under its free 
 institutions. 
 
THE STORY OF BENJ, EATON. 
 
 HE WAS A SOLDIER OF WASHINGTON'S 
 BODY GUARD. 
 
 An Interesting Paper Read Before the Minisink 
 
 Valley Historical Society by Hon. Francis 
 
 Marvin. Memorials of the Old Soldier. 
 
 'V "V "*t" 
 ^^v <►■%• ^v 
 
 The following paper was read by Hon. Francis Marvin before 
 the Minisink Valley Historical Society at its meeting on February 
 22 last, relative to Benjamin Eaton. 
 
 At a recent session of the executive committee of the Minisink 
 Valley Historical Society the wish was generally expressed that 
 such facts and incidents in the life of Benjamin Eaton, the soldier 
 of the Revolution whose remains repose in an unmarked grave in a 
 nearby cemetery in this town, so far as possible at this late day, 
 might be collected and preserved by the society, and one of the 
 number be charged with the duty. The result has been disap- 
 pointing, in so fsir as the writer by brevity of time for extended 
 correspondence, and want of experience, has come far short of 
 what was reasonably expected. But in the hope that the search 
 will be renewed by one better equipped, the few incidents collect- 
 ed, trifling in themselves, are recorded. 
 
 Absolutely nolhiug of the parentage of Benjamin Eaton has 
 been discovered, nor of his history before the beginning of army 
 life. There is an impression that he first saw the light, at Salem, 
 Massachusetts. His enlistment is credited among the troops con- 
 tributed to the continental army from the state of New Jersey. 
 The name of his wife, the mother of three or four children, can- 
 not be recalled. Not unlikely, at the conclusion of his military 
 life, he took residence at or near Newburgh, until old age com- 
 
relied the couple to make their home with a son at or near Cudde- 
 backville, before doing which, however, he made several visits 
 there of longer or shorter duration; in such periods he is not 
 known to have done any manual labor. He had two brothers, 
 Samuel and Ephraim, and perhaps a third. The closing years of 
 the old soldier and his wife were serenely passed in the home of 
 Benjamin W., his son: there was another son, Samuel, and per- 
 haps another still whose name is forgotten, and a daughter, 
 Abigail, or now commonly called Abby, Who married a Kelly, and 
 is thought to have lived in Newburgb. 
 
 Benjamin W. came to Cuddebackville in the company of en- 
 gineers then engaged in the construction of the Delaware & Hud- 
 son Canal, upon the completion of which he was given the place 
 of locktender at lock 53, dwelling in the house close by erected 
 for that purpose, where he pursued his occupation of cordwainer, 
 and later on added to his income the profits arising from the sale 
 of small stores to boatmen. A few years later the family removed 
 to a log house on the road leading from Cuddebackville to Otis- 
 ville, nearly midway between these villages, then generally known 
 as the Dilly place. The house, a small one, some sixteen or eigh- 
 teen by twenty feet square, stood in the field just opposite the 
 point made by the intersection of the road from Port Orange with 
 the old Turnpike, distant 50 yards, and some 300 yards south of 
 the toll gate. It has been said, but erroneously, that the old 
 soldier was gatekeeper. Only the slightest indications of the site 
 of this, one the last log houses of the region, remain. 
 
 The wife of the aged soldier died here some years before his 
 decease, and a few still live who remember the household and the 
 incident of the funeral, and the fact that it was accompanied by 
 military honors. 
 
 He possessed the form and features calculated to arrest atten- 
 tion, of medium height strongly built, and though somewhat 
 stooping from age and assisted by his staff, was still hale and 
 hearty; hta eye was clear and bright, and he was an intelligent 
 and fluent talker. The father was usually alluded to or addressed 
 as " Mister," and the sou as " Ben " Eaton. The late George 
 Eaton, who will be recalled by many of us, is said by a grand- 
 daughter to have had a surprising resemblance to the soldier, both 
 in form and feature; she is also impressed with the belief that he 
 was in the enjoyment of a pension, having a small income which 
 could have been possibly derived from no other source. On one 
 occasion he brought home a cow, purchased with pension money, 
 and presented her somewhat ceremoniously to his wife. It is not 
 
known that 'he was a religions man, but among his effects was a 
 copy of the book of Common Prayer, which bore evidence of long 
 and constant use. 
 
 The incidents of his death and funeral have usually been placed 
 at a date earlier than is true. In the family record of Benjamin 
 W., now in possession of Mrs. Oliver Stidd, a copy of which she 
 has kindly permitted to appear herein, will be observed the record 
 of his decease, October 16, 1843. 
 
 FAMILY RECORD OF BENJAMIN W. EATON. 
 
 Benjamin Eaton, father, died Oct. 16. 1843. 
 
 Benjamin W. Eaton, son. born Dec. 30, 1791; married Margaret 
 Duvall; died Jan. 13, 1857. 
 
 Margaret Duvall, wife, born Aug. 8, 1705, died April 4, 1870. 
 CHILDREN. 
 
 Elizabeth C. born Jan. 13, 1S15, married Emery Thompkins. 
 died Dec. 20, 18-19. 
 . Mary Jane, born Feb. 5. 1817, died March 19, 1819. 
 
 Samuel, born March 23. 1819, died April 4, 1819. 
 
 Saimie). born Auk. 20, 1820. died Sept. 4, 1820. 
 
 Sarah K(ing;, born Nov. 10. 1821. married Oaton Stidd, died 
 Sept. 2(>. 1861. 
 
 "William S., born March 24, 1824. married Evans. 
 
 Rachael Ann, born Oct. 15. 1826, died Oct. 30. 1826. 
 
 Margaret bora Feb. 14, 1828, died March 12, 1835. 
 
 Henry O, born May 9, 1831, married Rebecca Booth. 
 
 Harmanus C(uddeback), born May 3, 1834. married Catherine 
 Miracle. • 
 
 Hannah Jane, born June 29, 1839, married Oliver Stidd. 
 
 The worldly est:.te of the family was of the most modest 
 character, as an incident related by one of those who watched by 
 th'j corpse of the soldier shows, " During the night, we were s-orved 
 with refreshments, a cake baked of buckwheat meal and molas- 
 ses." The late Lewis Cuddeback assumed charge of the funeral: 
 it is not known by whom the religious exercises were conducted. 
 Dominie Elting died the week following and not unlikely Rev. 
 Mr. Edgar, pastor of the Mount Hope church, officiated. On the 
 childish mind of an eye-witness, then very young, is impressed 
 the sight of a great throng of people in the yard, soldiers being 
 the main part, the procession moved off, the music, waving plumes 
 and the vanishing company of friends and neighbors. The coffin 
 
of the rlea.fl soldier, covered with the flag for which he marched 
 and fought, was respectfully lowered into its resting place in the 
 graveyard at Cuddebaekville, and the regulation volleys fired by 
 the military. A rough fragment of stone indicates the place, well- 
 known to many. The reverence we feel for him and his comrades 
 should incite us to put off no longer the erection of a stone to 
 perpetuate his memory- 
 
 In response to the request for an authentic copy of any public 
 record regarding the military services of the soldier, the follow- 
 ing was given: 
 Record and Pension Office, War Dept, Washington City. 
 
 February 4, 1896. 
 : I beg to inform you that the records of this office 
 
 show that Benjamin Eaton served as a private in the Commander- 
 in-Chief's Guard, Continental Troops, Revolutionary War. 
 
 His name appears on the rolls from April 1, 1780, to April, 1783. 
 with the remark, " Joined 1 April, 1780." 
 
 Xo further ii formation relative to his service has been found 
 on record. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 F. C. A1NSWORTH, 
 
 Colonel TJ. S. Army, Chief of Record and Pension Office. 
 The identity of him whose rentains repose in the unmarked ju'ii vo 
 at Cuddebaekville with the one whose services are recorded above 
 can be pi-oved only, by the unquestioned tradition which for half a 
 century has been accepted as direct from the lips of the soldier to 
 his children and grandchildren. 
 
 The caution and precision which characterized the transactions 
 of Lewis Ouddeback will lead all who knew him to the conclusion 
 that no mistake was made on this occasion. 
 
 About the ^ ear lS-iy-50 a gentleman visited the family milking 
 mail? inquiries and collected all the incidents which they were 
 abl< j to furnish, it was said with the view to aid the author in tin- 
 preparalion of a hiftory of Washington and the war, possibly 
 Benson J. i.ossing. whose " Field Book of the Revolution " made 
 its appearance soon after. 
 
 Benjamin W. was commonly rather reticent regarding his fath- 
 er, but «•' oue occasion stated to my informant that he collected 
 a company of infantry in Newburgh and vicinity for service in the 
 last war with Great Britain under the promise of being com- 
 missioned its captain, but on arriving at the place of being mus- 
 
tered in the promise was not fulfilled; the most of them, however, 
 enlisted, and he among the number. This statement is not con- 
 firmed by any other of his descendents, but no reason to doubt it 
 exists, but rather to accept it, upon the supposition that his love 
 for campaigning revived with busy preparations for a new conflict 
 with the old enemy. 
 
 In connection with the subject a few incidents recorded by the 
 historians Irving. Lossing and Martha Lamb of the Commander- 
 in-Chief's Guard mai have some interest, and from them 
 the reader may infer what were the duties, services and surround- 
 ings of the Guardsman. 
 
 THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF'S GUARD. 
 
 That soon after the appointment of Washington as Commander 
 in Chief of the Continental army there can be no question of the 
 formation of a corps whose especial duty would be to guard the 
 person, papers, baggage and effects of the Chief. It may very 
 well be that Philip Schuyler and George Washington, active mem- 
 bers of the committee " to prepare rules and regulations for the 
 army " of the " old " Congress, provided for a body guard. The 
 eminent character of both men for their methodical, business at- 
 tention to details warrants the belief. Lossing says, " history is 
 almost silent respecting this corps, few or no living witnesses re- 
 main " (1850), and further " the Commander-in-Chief's Guard," 
 commonly called the Life Guard, was a distinct corps of superior 
 men, attached to the person of the General, but never spared in 
 battle. It was organized in 1776, while the army was encamped 
 on Manhattan Island, composed of 180 men — a Major's command. 
 Caleb Gibbs, of Rhode Island, was the first Chief, under the title 
 of Captain Commandant, and retained that commission until the 
 close of 1779, when he was suceeded by William Colfax, of New 
 Jersey, who remained in command until the army was disbanded 
 in 1783. Excepting in the feature of qualification the terms of en- 
 listment were the same as into any other corps of the regular 
 army. Col. Alexander Spotswood had the selection of the men 
 from each regiment and was charged to be extremely cautious, 
 because, writes Washington, " it is more than probable that in the 
 course of the campaign my baggage, papers and other matters of 
 great public importance may be committed to the sole care of 
 these men." The privates were carefully selected with special 
 reference to their moral, physical and intellectual capacity. None 
 were to be over five feet and ten inches, nor under five feet nine 
 inches in height, young and well made and proud of appearing 
 clean and soldier-like. Spotswood was further charged to send 
 
none but natives and if possible men of some property. The motto 
 Inscribed upon the colors was " Conquer or Die," and the iiag, as 
 late as about 1850, was still in existence in the collection of similar 
 relics at Alexandria, Va. The uniform consisted of blue coats, 
 white facings, white waistcoats and breeches, black half gaiters, 
 black cocked hats, blue and white feathers, bayonet and body belts 
 white; they carried muskets and sometimes side arms. The corps 
 varied in numbers at different periods, at first 180. During the 
 winter of 1770-fen. when the army was cantoned at MorrUtown 
 in close proximity to the enemy, it was increased to 250; the 
 following spring it was reduced to the original number, and in 
 17S3, the last year of service, the strength was only 64. At Morris- 
 • town Washington occupied the " Ford " mansion, from whence he 
 wrote: " Eighteen of my family and all of Mrs. Ford's are crowd- 
 ed together in her kitchen, and scarce one of them able to speak 
 for the colds they have." The utmost precaution against surprise 
 was maintained: pickets were thrown out far upon the roads, lead- 
 ing to the Hudson, and the firing of a gun at a distance would be 
 repeated along the line of sentinels to camp and headquarters. On 
 such occasions Die " Guard " would rush from the huts- nearby to 
 the mansion, barricade the doors, throw up the sash, five witli 
 muskets ready generally stationed at each window behind drawn 
 curtains, until the troops could be mustered, and the cause of 
 alarm be ascertained, and they were frequent. Mrs. Washington 
 and the other ladies were obliged to lie in bed, sometimes for 
 hours, with their rooms filled witli guards, and the keen wintry 
 blasts sweeping through the house. Notwithstanding the precau- 
 tion taken, treachery invaded the corps through the efforts of those 
 engaged with Gov. Tryon and the Tories in the plot of 1776, 'n 
 which Washington was to be killed or delivered up to the enemy. 
 Thomas Hickey. one of the Guard, was not only engaged in the 
 plot but assisted in corrupting his comrades, among others, Greene, 
 the drummer, and Johnson, the fifer. He was tried by a court 
 martial, whin it was shown that he was a deserter from the British 
 army, was found guilty of mutiny, sedition and treacherous corre- 
 spondence with the enemy and sentenced to execution. The sen- 
 tence was approved by the Commander-in-Chief and promptly car- 
 ried into effect in the most solemn and impressive manner. On the 
 morning of the 28th of June all the officers and men off duty be- 
 longing to the brigades of Heath, Spencer, Sterling and Scott 
 mustered under arms and marched to the ground, a field near the 
 Bowery, twenty men from each brigade, with bayonets fixed 
 o-narding the prisoner. There he was hanged in the presence, we 
 are told, of near 20,000 people. In his orderly book Washington 
 
expressed the " hope that the unhappy fate of Thomas Hickey. 
 executed that day for mutiny, sedition and treachery, would be a 
 warning to.every soldier In the line, to avoid the crimes for which 
 he suffered." 
 
 This was the first military execution of the Revolution. One of 
 the last returns, if not the last, dated June 4, 1783, signed by Wil- 
 liam Colfax, with his certificate that " the above list includes the 
 whole of the guard " is still among the military archives of the 
 nation, amd the name of Benjamin Baton appears among the ten 
 credited to New Jersey. 
 
 It has been said that the military escort at the funeral of the 
 old guardsman was composed of a company of cadets from the ^ 
 Military Academy at AVest Point, but upon search being made, Mr. 
 William Ward, keeper of the records at that post, reports " nothing 
 either in orders or otherwise makes it appear that the corps of 
 cadets, or any of them participated in the funeral ceremonies of 
 Benjamin Eaton." 
 
 That feature of the occasion was the company raised in the 
 vicinity some years before, of which William A. Cuddeback was 
 Captain; Abram Westbrook Cuddeback. Lieutenant, George H. 
 Brown. Ensign, and composed of some sixty or seventy rank a,nd 
 lile, attached to Col. Westbrook's 119th Regt. Infantry, 23rd Bri- 
 gade, and 6th Division of the State Militia. The regimental mus- 
 ters and general training were usually made at Wurtsboro and 
 Bloomingburgh. The late Lewis Cuddeback was much interested 
 in the organization and was the bass drummer, Caleb Pittsley beat 
 the tenor drum and Amos Baker was lifer, who- also made many 
 of the uniforms worn by them, viz.: blue coats, black military 
 hats and feathers, white pantaloons, shoulder and body belts. 
 
 Lieut. Abner Westbrook Cuddeback, now hale and hearty at 
 more than four score, was next in command at the funeral, and the 
 facts in regard to the company were related by him while leaning 
 on a bushhook, the inquirer having interrupted him in its active 
 use a few days since. 
 
 Stoddard Van Inwegen, Esq., Squire William Rankin and my 
 aged friend, Harry Quarters, distinctly recollect the incident of 
 the funeral, as do also Mrs. Stidd, a granddaughter, and Harmanus 
 C, a grandson, each of whom has contributed somewhat to the 
 small sum of information on this interesting subject which is here 
 recorded. 
 
CAUDEBEC IN HISTORY. 
 
 SKETCH OF THE CUDDEBACK ANCESTRY 
 A; AND CAUDEBEC. X 
 
 A Thrifty Old Province and Town in France 
 
 From Which the Cuddebacks Sprang and 
 
 Derived Their Name. Jacques Caud/ 
 
 ebec, the Emigrant Ancestor, 
 
 X X X 
 
 The following interesting sketch of the home of the Cuddeback 
 ancestry and the history of the family in this country, the facts 
 contained in which were gathered with much trouble and expense 
 by Or. W. L. Cuddeback. were read at the business meeting of the 
 Jlinisink Valley Historical Society: 
 
 At the first mid-summer meeting of the Minisink Valley Histori- 
 cal Society, held on this spot July 22d, 1889, you honored our host, 
 ar.d you honoied yourselves by naming this spot " Caudebec Park." 
 It is proper now that one of the Carudebecs should trace the 
 Caudebec line of descent, place before you a few facts concerning 
 the ancient town of Caudebec. France, and relate something of 
 the family to which we belong. 
 
 This grove, this part of the valley is true historic ground. On 
 yonder hill we are within sight and almost within hearing of the 
 knoll where the first settlers in this region pitched their tents, 
 and later erected their log houses. 
 
 Here, to the east, to the north, and to the south of us, at short 
 distances are the places where the stone houses and forts of the 
 sceond and third generations were built, where many stirring and 
 eventful scenes occurred during revolutionary days. 
 
Below us a few miles Col Tusten with the Orange County 
 Militia crossed the valley on that most unfortunate expedition to 
 intercept Brant, which ended in diaster at Lakawaxen, July 22d, 
 the annual recurrence of which we now commemorate. 
 
 Here were the military headquarters and business centre of the 
 town during the iast and the early years of this century. On this 
 mountain, near us, cannon have for years given voice to the pa- 
 triotism of our people. 
 
 In this grove our mid-summer meetings have been gatherings 
 of acquaintances, old and new— of people from all over and be- 
 yond the borders of the M'inisink region— where gifted speakers 
 have entertained us with the recital of events and traditions of 
 our valley. 
 
 What pleasure there has been at each meeting to see and to 
 listen to the greetings of those gray haired boys and girls, who 
 perhaps have not met each other for 5, 10 or 20 years, as they 
 eagerly and earnestly recount their varied experiences in life. 
 
 This grove, this portion of our valley has been in the possession 
 of the " Caudebecs " since its very first settlement and occupation 
 by white people. 
 
 Our Host, Mr. Levi Cuddeback. " is of the bluest of the blue 
 blood." his father and mother, each being direct lineal des- 
 cendants of the French Huguenot refugee, Jacques Caudebec. 
 The paternal line running backward being James, William A.. 
 Abram, William, then Jacob Caudebec. The maternal line being 
 Catherine, Ben.i.. Benj., William, then Jacob, while succeeding 
 generations have been associated with and related on the mater- 
 nal side to the Eltings, Gumaers, Van Inwegens, Van Fleets, Van 
 Ettens. Is it any wonder that the name Cuddeback was generally 
 thought to be of Dutch origin? 
 
 Jacques Caudebec was born about the year 1666 in Caudebec. 
 France, where his people were prosperous merchants of consider- 
 able wealth. The family were zealous protestants and suffered 
 much because of religious persecution. The revocation of the 
 Edict of Nantes caused them to become homeless wanderers. With 
 other refugees Jacques Caudebec and Pierre Gumar, according 
 to their own statements, fled to Holland, thence after a time to 
 England, where they searched in vain for two sisters of Caudebec. 
 From thence they took passage with other Huguenots for Ameri- 
 ca landing in Maryland, without either friends or money. They 
 soon after came to New York where Caudebec obtained employ- 
 
ment from Benjamin Provost, a merchant residing alternately at 
 Kingston and New York, engaged in trading and dealing in furs, 
 etc. 
 
 At Kingston Caudebec and Gumaer were welcomed by others 
 of their countrymen, fugitives like themselves. About 1690 asso- 
 ciated with these and the sons of Roelof Swartwout they explored 
 and settled in the Minisink or Meckheckameck valley. 
 
 Satisfied with their surroundings Caudebec and Company de 
 termined to make this locality their permanent home. They erect- 
 ed suitable houses and became settled in life. They purchased the 
 fertile lands in the valley from the Indians and lived among and 
 at peace with them, being the only white settlers in this region 
 for several years. In 1695 Caudebec returned to New York and 
 on Oct. 21st in the old Reformed Church married Margareta Pro- 
 vost, daughter of his old employer, whence they returned to the 
 pioneer life at Peenpack 
 
 Repeated encroachments upon their lauds by others Made 
 it necessary that they should secure patent from the Government 
 definitely locating their possessions. At the solicitation of Caude- 
 bec tins was gianled Oct. 14th, 1697, when the Peenpack patent 
 covering 1,200 acres of the level, fertile land of the valley was 
 granted to them. In May, 1725, Caudebec appears as one of the 
 administrators of the estate of his father-in-law. Benjamin Pro- 
 vost, of Kingston. 
 
 In personal appearance Jacob Caudebec was tall and muscular, 
 of fair skin, blue eyes, and black curly hair. It is said that he 
 was easy and not exacting in his business transactions, was most 
 tender toward his family, and regretted that his children were de- 
 prived of educational advantages. He instructed them in moral 
 and religious duties and was very tenacious of their characters. 
 He died in Deerpark in 1706, decrepit and blind, but of vigorous 
 mind to the last. There were eleven children. His son, William 
 Caudebec was born in Peenpack, baptized June 21st, 1704, mar- 
 ried Jemima Elting. May 2d, 1733, at Kingston. He died in 1778. 
 He was over six feet in stature; coarse boned, muscular, lean, of 
 greRt endurance, talkative, witty, and was characterized as a wise 
 man of his time. 
 
 He was one of the signers of " Articles of Association " in 1775 
 and with ihree of his sons signed the Revolutionary Pledge, July 
 26th in that year. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the Con- 
 tinental Army during the Revolution. 
 
 There were six children. Among them in this line Ave are trac- 
 ing were, first, Abraham, born at Peenpack, baptized Minisink, 
 
Oct. 31st, 1738, married Ester Gumaer. He was strong, athletic, 
 six feet tall, weighed over 200 pounds, and greatly distinguished 
 himself by his prudence and valor. Gumaer characterizes him as 
 a man, bold, sagacious, prudent, and tenacious of his honor. He 
 was commissioned a Captain before the Revolution, and with his 
 company rendered service at Fort Montgomery, guarding the 
 iron chain across the Hudson at that point. 
 
 In 1777 he was instrumental in saving lives and property at 
 Cockccton. In 177i?. at the time of the Indian raid through this 
 valley he commanded Fort Gumaer. In 1779 he was one of the 
 few survivors of the battle of Minisink. 
 
 Second, Benjamin Codebeck, bom and baptized in Minisink, 
 June 21st, 1747, married, 1707, Catrina Van Fleet. He was a 
 farmer, was a soldier in the company of the Orange County 
 Militia, commanded by his brother, Captain Abram, participated 
 in nearly all the battles this militia was in during the Revolution. 
 He served at Fort Dewitt during the Indian raid of 1778 and suc- 
 ceeded in protecting lives and property at that point. 
 
 The fourth generation in the male line — the son of Oapt. Abram 
 —was Col. William A. Cuddeback, who married Charlotte Van 
 Inwegen. These were the parents of James Cuddeback and the 
 paternal grandpa rents of our host, Levi Cuddeback. 
 CAUDEBEC ON THE SEINE. 
 
 " The valley of the Seine through Normandy is one of the iiiost 
 beautiful in France. It is most sacred because of the unseason- 
 able and unreasonable loss of life throughout Its entire history; 
 it is rich in memories, and is in scenery a veritable paradise for 
 the artist and archaeologist." 
 
 " Ascending the Seine from Havre, one passes through the 
 province of Yvetot, where on every side are relics of past occu- 
 pancy by different nationalities, of conquest and destruction, of 
 people and of places. St. Gertrude, with its stone tabernacle; 
 Maulerer, with its Roman villa; Calidee, with its Gallic medals; 
 Belzinac, under whose alluvial fields are the rains of villages aid 
 three churches; Lotum, with Its Roman ruins, how under the 
 waters of the Seine, and here and there ruins of ramparts, debris 
 of fortifications, ancient Gallic walls, Celtic money. Roman im- 
 plements of war." 
 
 "At the very threshold of Normandy, entering the land from 
 the sea, is the land of Caux, containing many of the above an- 
 tiquities and of its glories." Havre is its capital to-day. For cen- 
 turies Caudebec was its capital. " Here illustrious and touching 
 memories record the existence of a sturdy, vigorous people, of six 
 Barons of great following, of three Dukes, and of a King. ' 
 
Caudebec en Caux, the capital of Caux. is situated on the right 
 bank of the Seine, midway between Rouen and Havre, at the i'oot 
 of two small mountains. Mt. Calidee and Mt. Vignette, (Vinegar 
 Hill), each about 500 feet high, between which the river St. Ger- 
 trude flows. It is in longitude, east from Greenwich, about 2-3 
 of a degree and in latitude 49 1-2 north. The town forms a tri- 
 angle whose base is on the Seine and whose apex is between the 
 mountains. Its wharf is 4.135 meters above sea level. It is locat- 
 ed on Government roads. No. 1 and 4, while No. 81 extends from 
 Caudebec to Havre. 
 
 It has a soft, mild temperature, and is very healthy, and has a 
 light alluvial productive soil. 
 
 As to the origin of the name Caudebec authorities differ. It is 
 thought, however, that the name is of Norse or of Icelandic origin, 
 coined by the Normans. The Icelandic adjective Kaldr-Kalt-Kold- 
 Cold and Bekk. meaning a rivulet, brook-Kalt-bekk, (Condebee), 
 meaning Cohlbrook. 
 
 About I14S. A. I\, Si. Vaudrille, a Knight at the Court of King 
 Dagobert, found this spot in its primeval beauty, and founded a 
 monastery of Foutanelle here, near a sparkling stream in the 
 forest. Under the influences of Charlemangne and the educa- 
 tional tendency of the times this monastery grew rapidly and 
 attracted many students. More than 300 were in attendance at 
 one time during the 8th Century. The village of Caudebec was 
 formed below it. In 839, by act of the King, (Louis Debonnaire). 
 it was attached to the monastery, with the right to tax it and its 
 revernes. as ferrying across the Seine, tax on wines, oils, shipping, 
 weighing, etc., as a means of support. The town grew rapidly in 
 population and in importance. 
 
 Traces of former occupation and civilization were abundant 
 about Caudebec. The remnants of the walls of the ancient Celtic 
 village of Calete or Caledum have been made out on the hills 
 surrounding, and of Lotum, on the flat lands below, on the exact 
 site of Caudebec. Julius Caesar conquered the people of Oaletus, 
 and constituted a Roman colony there, naming it " Julian Bonum," 
 afterwards corrupted into Me Bonum. It is difficult to determine 
 what became of these places. Norman records do not mention 
 thes° for several centuries, nor is Caudebec mentioned. The 
 country is mentioned as the abode of a few stray heathen. 
 
 In the 8th and 9th centuries the Normans, (Norse-men), out- 
 growing in population the resources of their own country, colon- 
 ized northern France, took possession of the fertile valley of the 
 Seine, which was afterward granted to them by Charles the Sim- 
 
pie. They were; stioiig, warm-hearted, patriotic, intelligent ard 
 of noble energetic character. They rapidly adopted more civilized 
 manners, language, etc., and soon became the best agriculturists, 
 gardeners and manufacturers, etc., in all France, as they were 
 already the best sailors and most skillful fishermen. Norman 
 Barons soon became the local sovereigns, whose combined in- 
 fluence was very great. 
 
 During the 11th century Caudebec became the commercial town 
 aud Jie central market of the laad of Caux and northern France. 
 The Seine was navigable for sea-going vessels to that point. In 
 the 12th century the harbor was constructed, and from that time 
 it ruled on the sea and was the northern French sea-port. In 1260 
 King Louis IX spent a week at Caudebec. In 1477 Count War- 
 wick, the Ambassador to France, landed there. About 1600 the 
 port is described as being frequented by French, English, Dutch 
 and other nationalities for the export of grain. 
 
 During the 17th century Caudebec began to decline in naval 
 supremacy. This was primarily due to the vagaries of the river 
 Seine and of the sea. The tide which comes up this river as a 
 solid wall of water with great deep rumbling sounds, heard miles 
 away, has gradually widened and shallowed it, and completely 
 changed the river bed. This is a very curious and unusual phe- 
 nomena, and at this day attracts much attention. The solid per- 
 pendicular rolling and plunging wall of water, several feet high, 
 carrying everything up stream before it. 
 
 The very elements of strength inherent in the Norman race, 
 industry, perservance, economy, resulting in thrift and self re- 
 liance was noticeable in Caudebec. Uncontrollable influences lost 
 to it the sea power and commerce. Other industries continued to 
 keep up its fortunes. The land of Caux was favorable to stock 
 raising. In the 16th and 17th centuries tanneries were established 
 and a great deal of leather was manufactured. Many gloves were 
 made at Caudebec. The manufacture of beaver hats was under- 
 taken. The black hat of Caudebec, with the large black feather, 
 is then first seen on the heads of the Huguenots. Later, almost 
 all the headgear worn in France, was made at Caudebec. The 
 Court adopted the Caudebec hat. 
 
 The founli geiierntior on maternal side— the son of Benjamin. 
 was Benjamin Cuddeback, who married Blandina Van Etten. 
 These were the parents of Catherine Cuddeback and the maternal 
 grandparents of our host. 
 
 In olden times Caudebec had as its emblem or coat of arms a 
 shield, sky blue in color, with three smelts (an exquisite salt water 
 fish), in silver across its face. In the 17th century as the town 
 
 NOTE — The paragraph next to the last one on this page, commencing 
 with the words : "The fourth generation," etc., should appear on the 
 last page of the preceding leaf just over the caption : " Caudebec on the 
 Seine." 
 
became an industrial rather than a commercial center effort was 
 made to change its ensign. Resulting from this, King Louis XIV 
 proclaimed "that in the future the fish of Caudebec should be 
 regarded as Salmons and not as smelts." A cabinet order of Jan. 
 26th, 1728, specially confirmed this privilege. 
 
 The church at Caudebec is one of the oldest and one of the 
 finest in Normandy. Many others throughout France have been 
 modelled after it. Built originally in the 11th century it has suf- 
 fered repeatedly as a result of the sectional wars that have de- 
 vasted the country. It has been repeatedly repaired and remodel- 
 led and enlarged. Its splendid tower was completed in 1491. The 
 religious win's of ihe 16th and 17th centuries again devasted it. 
 
 A curious custom prevailed at Caudebec. By their law of in- 
 heritance the eldest son inherited the homestead and two-thirds 
 of tho property and continued the business of the father after Ihe 
 father's death, v hile the other sons were fitted for other callings 
 in life. 
 
 On Aug. 15th, 1415, Henry V. of England caused the land of 
 Caux to be the seat of war, which lasted several years. In May, 
 1418, the English Generals, Warwick and Talbot besieged Caude- 
 ber. The town made a heroic defense but surrendered in the fol- 
 lowing September. In 1435 the peasantry of Caux rebelled against 
 English rule. The English retired to the fortress at Caudebec and 
 subsequently annihilated the peasants. The province remained 
 the seat of war until 1449. when Charles VII took Rouen by storm. 
 Caudebec and all other strategetic points were then abandoned 
 by the English. Charles VII at the head of 12.000 men made a 
 triumphal entry into Caudebec. He left a garrison of 200 soldiers 
 there. 
 
 In 1467 Caudebec received a number of English refugees. Af- 
 ter this it enjoyed a long period of rest until the religious troubles 
 of the middle of the 16th century. 
 
 The Reformation, the great religious awakening of the 16th 
 century, had developed great sympathy in Caudebec. The Protes- 
 tant'.'' (iiotestants of April 25th, 1529), the Huguenots (the F.gue. 
 nots-Eidganossen— bound together by oath), were already quite 
 numerous. In ]r,f5(1 tllel ' fe were two Protestant churches in Caude- 
 bec and the Reformation was making extraordinary progress in 
 France. Religious wars followed. Rival dukes and princes took 
 advantage of this to advance their own fortunes. 
 
 In 1562 there was a conflict in Caudebec between the Hugue- 
 u ots and the Catholics. This was followed by pillage, incendiarism 
 and general destruction of property. 
 
At the formation of the Royalist party Caudebec joined it with 
 ardor. On April 24th, 1592, the Prince of Parma of Spain besieged 
 it. Two days later the town capitulated and was given over to 
 pillage. King Henry IV of France came to its relief, and entered 
 it on May 15th, 1592, amid the cheers of the populace. Because 
 of its Royalist tendencies, the committee of public safety decreed 
 that the government of the district be transfered to Y vetot. There- 
 after Caudebec was only a country seat. 
 
 On April 15th, 1598 Henry IV issued the " edict of Nantes," 
 establishing universal liberty and equality as to religious profes- 
 sions and worship. General prosperity followed in manufae- 
 turies. agriculture and in all branches. In 1624 the " plague " 
 devasted Caudebec and surrounding country. 
 
 On Oct. 17th, 1685, Louis XIV signed the decree " The revoca- 
 tion of the Edict of Nantes," annulling all privileges extended to 
 the Huguenots, prohibiting the exercise of their religion, 3rdcring 
 their churches destroyed and their ministers to quit France within 
 fifteen days, forbade reformers to follow their pastors into exile, 
 requiring their children to be baptized and educated as Catholics. 
 
 Frightful cruelties followed. During the succeeding years 
 more than 200,000 persons, mostly of the industrial and manu- 
 facturing classes, fled from France. 
 
 In 1649 about one-fourth of the town was destroyed by fire, an£ 
 in eighteen months more than one-third the population had died 
 of epidemic diseases. 
 
 In 1762 Mr. Ebram Marin was made trustee at Caudebec of 
 the property of fugitive Protestants. 
 
 On Sept. 19th, 1749, Louis XV visited Caudebec with all the 
 splendor of the Court. The Royalist spirit was still very strong. 
 In their enthusiasm the citizens unharnessed the horses and drew 
 the royal carriage. The spirit was again strengthened and dis- 
 played in 1837 when the Duke of Orleans visited Caudebec. 
 
 In 1870, during the Franco-Prussian war, the Prussians threat- 
 ened to bombard Caudebec. On Sept. 15th there was a slight 
 encounter between 150 Prussians soldiers and some French 
 
 Now Caudebec is becoming a great summer resort with modern 
 improved hotels. Its population, now about 2,200, is increasing. 
 Principal industries, agricultural, with tanneries, saw mills, mus- 
 tard factory. It has fairs three times per year. Navigation is, 
 restricted to annual boat regattas. 
 
 Most of the houses date back to the 15th century, with few 
 modern transformations in them, as new windows or doors or 
 
newly plastered walls. There still remain some old worm-eaten 
 wooden galleries suspended over the river and the streets, and to- 
 day in Caudebec one breathes the air of the middle ages. 
 
 Of persons named Caudebec we find the following record: 
 From years 10S0 to 1195, A. D. Wilhelmus Coldebec-Caudebec. In 
 a Latin manuscript at the beginning of the 13th century is record- 
 ed that William Caudebec, son of Vanquelin de Caudebec, sold to 
 his eldest son his share in a tannery. 
 
 In 1198 Jumel de Caudebec is mentioned. 
 
 From 1225 to 1227, Jean de Caudebec was mayor of Rouen. In 
 1232 Emaline de Caudebec is mentioned. In the 13th century 
 there is mentioned Reginald de Caudebec, also Gaudfrideus de 
 Caudebec. 
 
 In 1361 Jean de Caudebec of near Rouen. 
 
 In 1316 there was a suit pending in Paris regarding the suc- 
 cession of Jean de Caudebec, whose son, Matthiew de Caudebec 
 was a physician who owned and occupied a house on Marmousets 
 Street. Paris.