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Latin^ Exebcise-Book: 
 
 ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO 
 
 Gildersleeve s Latin Grammar; 
 
 WITH PARALLEL KEFEKENCE3 TO THE GRAMMAKS Off ALLEN AND 
 
 QREENOUQH ; ANDREWS AND STODDARD ; BITLLIONS AND 
 
 MORRIS ; AND HARKNESS. 
 
 
 By B."^Lr gildersleeve, Ph.D., LL.D., 
 
 Frofesaor of Greek in the Univeraity of Virginia. 
 
 UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 
 NEW YORK AND BALTIMORE. 
 1876. 
 
Eatered according to Act of Oongress, In the year 1871| 1)7 th» 
 
 rNIVi=:RSTTr POBLISHINa COMPAN\. 
 
 1*1 ihe 0£ce of tbe Librarian of Congrees, at Washlngtoo. 
 
 *** 173. 
 
 CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
PEEFACE. 
 
 Isr the preparation of the first three courses of this little 
 manual, I have followed in the main the guidance of Prof J. 
 Lattmanit, an experienced teacher of boys, whose JLateini- 
 sches ZTebungsbuch commends itself to my judgment as an ex- 
 cellent introduction to the study of Latin. The fourth course 
 has been compiled from various sources. 
 
 This new edition of the Latin Exercise-Book has been 
 brought into substantial harmony with the revised edition of 
 my Latin Grammar. In order to make the exercises more 
 generally useful, I have added, wherever it seemed practicable, 
 references to the grammars of Allen and Gebenotjgh, An- 
 DEBWS and Stoddaed, Bullions and Mokeis, and Haekness. 
 These references begin with the second course and embrace 
 the leading phenomena of Latin Syntax. The special refer- 
 ences in the text., ■ar^ bcif fly, e-xplajned at the back of the 
 book, ■- ' • 
 
 ' '. ^ ■ ' • '; '■ ■ ' B. L. GiLDEESLEBVK. 
 UNiTEnBiTT OP VntGiKiA, April, 1873. 
 
 A. = Allen and OreenougJi. 
 
 A. and S. = Andrews and 8tog.dard. 
 
 B. = Bullions and Morris. 
 G. or Gr. = Oildersleeve. 
 
 H. = HarTcnesa. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 FIRST COURSE. 
 PAST I. 
 
 PASS 
 
 Vocabulary 7 
 
 1. Names of Persons 7 
 
 2. Names of Animals 8 
 
 3. Names of Things 8 
 
 4. Adjectiyes 10 
 
 Chapteb 
 
 I. First and Second Declensions 11 
 
 II. Conjugation of Sum 11 
 
 III. Active Voice of the First Conjugation 13 
 
 IV. Thu-d Declension 14 
 
 V. Second Conjugation 16 
 
 VI. Stemins. (Third Declension) 17 
 
 VII. Third Conjugation 18 
 
 Vni. Mute Stems. (Third Declension) 20 
 
 IX. Parisyllabic Vowel Stems. (Third Declension) 32 
 
 X. Adjectives of the Thu-d Declension 34 
 
 XI. " " " " 25 
 
 XII. Comparison of Adjectives 26 
 
 XIII. Fourth Declension 37 
 
 XIV. Fifth Declension 38 
 
 XV. Fourth Conjugation 29 
 
 PART H. 
 
 XVI. Remarks on the First and Second Declensions 30 
 
 XVII. Conjugation of Esse. First Conjugation 80 
 
 XVIII. Optative Subjunctive.— Wishes 33 
 
 XIX. Second Conjugation 34 
 
 XX. Rules of Gender of the Stems in l, n, b, and s, with the 
 
 Exceptions 36 
 
 XXI. Prepositions with the Accusative. (Partial View) 37 
 
 XXII. Prepositions with the Ablative. (Partial View) 38 
 
 XXIII. Time, when. Time, how long 38 
 
 XXIV. Third Conjugation 39 
 
 XXV. Fourth Conjugation 44 
 
 XXVI. Pronoims 44 
 
 XXVII. Adsum, absum, prosum, possum 46 
 
 XXVIII. Imperative 46 
 
 XXIX. Deponent Verbs 48 
 
 XXX. Formation of Adverbs 54 
 
CONTENTS. 5 
 
 CHAFTSn FAAB 
 
 XXXI. Numerals , 54 
 
 XXXII. Irregular Verbs 55 
 
 XXXIII. Neuter Adjectives and Pronouns . . . ' 56 
 
 XXXIV. Numerals 57 
 
 SECOND COURSE. 
 
 XXXV. Whither? Where? Whence? 59 
 
 XXXVI. Accusative and Infinitive 60 
 
 XXXVII. Dependent Interrogatives 62 
 
 XXXVIII. Determinative and Eeflexive 63 
 
 XXXIX. Sentences of Design 64 
 
 XL. Sentences of Tendency and Result 65 
 
 XLI. Miscellaneous Examples. Accusative and Infinitive. — 
 
 Sentences of Design and Result 65 
 
 XLII. Ablative Absolute 66 
 
 XLIII. Double Accusative 68 
 
 XLIV. Prepositions with the Accusative 69 
 
 XLV. Dative : 70 
 
 XL VI. Construction of Sundry Adjectives 73 
 
 XL VII. Genitive with Nouns-Substantive 73 
 
 XL VIII. Genitive with Adjectives and Verbs 75 
 
 XLIX. Ablative (Superlative) 77 
 
 L. Ablative with Sundry Verbs 78 
 
 LI. Prepositions with the Ablative 79 
 
 LIL Prepositions with Accusative and Ablative 80 
 
 LIII. Miscellaneous Prepositions 80 
 
 LIV. Infinitive and Gerund 81 
 
 LV. Gerundive 83 
 
 LVL Copulative Verbs 82 
 
 LVII. Two Accusatives 83 
 
 LVIII. Predicative Attribution and Apposition 84 
 
 LIX. Accusative and Infinitive 86 
 
 LX. Relative Clauses 87 
 
 THIRD COURSE. 
 
 PARTI. 
 
 LXI. Accusative 88 
 
 LXIL Dative 89 
 
 LXIIL Genitive 90 
 
 LXIV. Interest and Refert 96 
 
 LXV. AblaUve 97 
 
( 6 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAMTn. 
 
 CHAPTER ^*'"' 
 
 LXVI. Predication 108 
 
 LXVII. Infinitive Ill 
 
 LXVIII. Gerund and Gerundive HI 
 
 LXIX. Supine 117 
 
 LXX. Imperfect 118 
 
 LXXI. Future and Future Perfect 113 
 
 LXXII. Indirect Question 119 
 
 LXXIII. Reflexive Pronoun 120 
 
 LXXIV. Miscellaneous Exercises. (On the Cases) 121 
 
 FOURTH COURSE. 
 
 SYNTAX OF THE YBflB. 
 THE COMPOUND SENTENCaS!. 
 
 LXXV. Interrogative Sentences 127 
 
 LXXVI. " " 188 
 
 LXXVII. " " 129 
 
 LXXVIII. Non dubito quin 129 
 
 LXXIX. Verbs of Emotion 130 
 
 LXXX. Sentences of Design 131 
 
 LXXXI. " " 133 
 
 LXXXII. Verbs of Hindering 133 
 
 LXXXIII. Verbs of Fearing 133 
 
 LXXXIV. Sentences of Tendency and Result 133 
 
 LXXXV. " " " 134 
 
 IiXXXVI. Temporal Sentences. Antecedent Action 135 
 
 LXXXVII. Temporal Sentences. (1) Contemporaneous Action. 
 
 (2) Subsequent Action... 137 
 
 LXXXVIII. Temporal Sentences : Quum 139 
 
 LXXXTX. Conditional Sentences 140 
 
 XC. Conditional Sentences 142 
 
 XCI. Concessive Sentences 143 
 
 XCII. Relative Sentences 144 
 
 XCIII. Object and Causal Sentences 150 
 
 XCIV. Comparative Sentences 153 
 
 XCV. Comparative Sentences with Quam 153 
 
 XCVI. Oratio Obllqua 153 
 
 XCVII. " " 156 
 
 XCVIII. Participial Sentences 159 
 
 XCIX. To 160 
 
 C. Without 161 
 
 CI. Tenses in Letters 163 
 
FlEST COUESE. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ^^TO BE LXABNSD BT HBABT.. 
 
 Rules of Gender, Gr. 18-20 — First and Second Declension. 
 
 1. Names op Pbesons. 
 
 Deus, Ood. 
 
 pater (patris, 3), father. 
 
 mater (matris, 3), mother. 
 
 parentes, 3, parents. 
 
 filius, scm. 
 
 ftlia, daughter. 
 
 llberl, children. 
 
 frater (Mtris, 3), brother. 
 
 soror, 3, sister, 
 
 arras, grandfather. 
 
 avia, grandmother. 
 
 avunculus, 
 matertera. 
 
 ( vnde (mother'a 
 ( brother). 
 ( aunt (mother's 
 ( sister). 
 
 puer, boy. 
 
 puella, girl. 
 
 vir (virt), man. 
 
 femina, woman. 
 senex (senis, 3), old man. 
 juvenis, 3, 
 vu-go, 3, 
 
 dominus, master. 
 
 famulus, man-servant. 
 
 ancilla, mmd-serw/nt. 
 
 servus, male daw. 
 
 serya, female slave. 
 
 socius, pa/rtner. 
 
 rSx (regis, 3), Ung. 
 
 reglna, 
 
 populus, people. 
 
 medicus, physician. 
 maglster (magistrl), teacher. 
 
 discipulus, scholar. 
 
 nuntius, messenger. 
 
 tabellsrius, postman. 
 
 faber (fabH), carpenter. 
 
 rlisticus, countryman. 
 
 pastor, 3, Tierdsman. 
 
 venator, 3, hunter. 
 
 mercator, 3, merchant. 
 
 uxor, 3, wifb. 
 
 scrlba, clerk. 
 
 nauta, sailor. 
 
 poEta, poet. 
 
 agricola, ^farmer, 
 
 ( pecaant. 
 aiu:lga, drmr. 
 
 COMMON GEHDBB. 
 
 convlva, m. «& f., guest. 
 
 conjux,3(conjugis), i^Pouse iim^ 
 ( band, wife), 
 dux, leader. 
 
 sacerdSs, 3 (sacerdotis), \ ^^*' 
 
 ( priestess. 
 
 custSs, 
 
 civis, 
 
8 
 
 VOCABUI.AWT, 
 
 
 
 2. Namus 
 
 OB" Animals. 
 
 
 bestia. 
 
 beaai. 
 
 aquUa, 
 
 eagle. 
 
 fera. 
 
 wOd beast. 
 
 clcOnla, 
 
 stork. 
 
 gall us, 
 
 eock. 
 
 corvus. 
 
 raxen. 
 
 galllna, 
 
 Tun. 
 
 musca. 
 
 fly- 
 
 pullus. 
 
 chicken, young. 
 
 formica, 
 
 ant. 
 
 taurus, 
 
 bvU. 
 
 rana, 
 
 frog. 
 
 vacca, 
 
 cow. 
 
 coluber, colubra, snake. 
 
 liircus, 
 
 he-goat. 
 
 cervus. 
 
 ■ stag, hart. 
 
 capra, 
 
 Bhe-goat. 
 
 cerva, 
 
 doe, bind. 
 
 equus, 
 
 hone. 
 
 lupus. 
 
 wolf. 
 
 asinus. 
 
 ass. 
 
 msus, 
 
 bear. 
 
 agnus. 
 
 lamb. 
 
 aper, apri, 
 
 wHd boar. 
 
 catulus, 
 
 whdp, puppy. 
 
 leo, 3, 
 
 Hon. 
 
 columba, 
 
 pigeon. 
 
 leaena, 
 
 lioness. 
 
 luscinia, 
 
 nightingale. 
 
 elephantus, 
 
 elephant. 
 
 stumus, 
 
 starling. 
 
 graculus. 
 
 jackdaw. 
 
 
 3. Names 
 
 OP Things. 
 
 
 
 a. CONCRBTB. 
 
 
 terra, 
 
 eaHh. 
 
 oculus. 
 
 eye. 
 
 coelum(caelun] 
 
 y),sky. 
 
 nffisus. 
 
 nose. 
 
 Stella, 
 
 star. 
 
 barba. 
 
 beard. 
 
 schola. 
 
 school. 
 
 digitus. 
 
 finger. 
 
 perma, 
 
 feather (pen). 
 
 coUum, 
 
 neck. 
 
 liber (librl), 
 
 book. 
 
 cibus. 
 
 food. 
 
 tabula, 
 
 tablet, slate. 
 
 pectinia. 
 
 money. 
 
 epistola. 
 
 Utter. 
 
 animus. 
 
 spirit, temper. 
 
 ara, 
 
 altar. 
 
 anima. 
 
 breath, soul. 
 
 templum, 
 
 temple. 
 
 mundus. 
 
 world. 
 
 fenestra, 
 
 window. 
 
 ventus. 
 
 wind. 
 
 porta. 
 
 gate, door. 
 
 culter, cultrl, 
 
 knife. 
 
 silva. 
 
 wood, forest. 
 
 vinum, 
 
 wine. 
 
 campus. 
 
 field. 
 
 bellum. 
 
 war. 
 
 herba. 
 
 herb, grass 
 
 corOna, 
 
 wreath. 
 
 folium. 
 
 leaf. 
 
 umbra. 
 
 shadow. 
 
 ramus, 
 
 branch. 
 
 pictui-a. 
 
 picture. 
 
 aqua, 
 
 water. 
 
 viola. 
 
 violet. 
 
 fluvius, 
 
 river. 
 
 vestigium. 
 
 track. 
 
 rivus, rivulus, 
 
 brook. 
 
 hora. 
 
 hour. 
 
 pratum, 
 
 meadow. 
 
 spBlunca, 
 
 eatie. 
 
 Vicus, 
 
 mUage. 
 
 sagitta, 
 
 arrow. 
 

 TOCABTTLAET, 
 
 
 oppidum, 
 
 town. 
 
 lacrima. 
 
 tear. 
 
 patria, 
 
 country, native land. 
 
 laqueus. 
 
 rope, snare, noose. 
 
 fossa, 
 
 ditch. 
 
 dorsum. 
 
 back. 
 
 nidus. 
 
 nest. 
 
 frSnum, 
 
 rein. 
 
 Ovum, 
 
 egg- 
 
 ostium, 
 
 door. 
 
 
 b. ABSTRACT. 
 
 
 ■rtta. 
 
 life. 
 
 damnum. 
 
 disadvantage, loss. 
 
 Ira, 
 
 anger. 
 
 Stium, 
 
 ease. 
 
 rixa. 
 
 strife. 
 
 negotium. 
 
 business, oceupaUon 
 
 pugna, 
 
 JigM. 
 
 c6nsilium, 
 
 adirice. 
 
 fuga, 
 
 flight. 
 
 auxilium. 
 
 aid. 
 
 forma, 
 
 shape. 
 
 praemium, 
 
 reward. 
 
 poena. 
 
 punishment. 
 
 amor, 3, 
 
 love. 
 
 venia, 
 
 permission, pardon. 
 
 timor, 3, 
 
 fear. 
 
 fortuna, 
 
 luck. 
 
 labor, 3, 
 
 toil. 
 
 culpa, 
 
 blame. 
 
 ordo, 3, 
 
 order, rank. 
 
 fSma, 
 
 fame, rumor, reputation. 
 
 spes, 5, 
 
 h^e. 
 
 cura, 
 
 care. 
 
 miseria. 
 
 wreicJiedness. 
 
 gloria. 
 
 glory. 
 
 amicitia. 
 
 friendship. 
 
 copia, 
 
 abundance- 
 
 inimlcitia, 
 
 enmity. 
 
 ludus. 
 
 game. 
 
 diligentia, 
 
 ca/refulness, diligence. 
 
 dolus, 
 
 craft', trick. 
 
 industria. 
 
 energy, industry. 
 
 morbus. 
 
 disease, sickness. 
 
 pigritia, 
 
 laziness. 
 
 somnus, 
 
 sleep. 
 
 jflstitia. 
 
 justice. 
 
 nflntius, 
 
 message. 
 
 modes tia. 
 
 moderation, modesty. 
 
 modus, 
 
 manner. 
 
 stultitia. 
 
 stupidity, folly. 
 
 odium, 
 
 hate. 
 
 Concordia, 
 
 concord. 
 
 gaudium. 
 
 joy. 
 
 audscia. 
 
 boldness. 
 
 stadium, 
 
 zeal. 
 
 invidia. 
 
 envy. 
 
 initium, 
 
 beginning. 
 
 UbertSs, 3, 
 
 freedom. 
 
 Titium, 
 
 fault. 
 
 sapientia. 
 
 wisdom. 
 
 imperium, 
 
 command. 
 
 victoria. 
 
 victory. 
 
 offlcium. 
 
 duty. 
 
 custSdia, 
 
 custody, prison. 
 
 perlculum. 
 
 darvger. 
 
 praeceptum, precept. 
 
 cnmmSdum, advantage, profit. 
 
 valetudo. 
 
 health (often ia healll 
 
 
 Exceptions in Gender.— 'Femmme.& in us. 
 
 alTUS, 
 
 beUy. 
 
 methodus, method. 
 
 colus. 
 
 distaff. 
 
 periodus, period. 
 
 humus. 
 
 ground. 
 
 dialectus, diaUet. 
 
 atomus, 
 
 atom. 
 
 diametrus, diameter. 
 
 - 
 
 paragraphus,. 
 
 paragraph, 
 
 
 1* 
 
10 
 
 VOCABUT.ARY. 
 
 
 
 4. Adjectives. 
 
 
 bonus, 
 
 good,. 
 
 ferus. 
 
 wild. 
 
 malus, 
 
 bad. 
 
 varius, 
 
 various. 
 
 magnus, 
 
 great. 
 
 multus. 
 
 much, many. 
 
 parvus, 
 
 small, little. 
 
 primus, 
 
 first. 
 
 sSuus, 
 
 sound. 
 
 optimus, 
 
 best. 
 
 aegrotus. 
 
 sick. 
 
 maximus, 
 
 greatest. 
 
 probus, 
 
 upright. 
 
 altus, 
 
 high. 
 
 iinprobus, 
 
 wicked, naughty. 
 
 prbfundus, 
 
 deep. 
 
 vBrus, 
 
 true. 
 
 longus, 
 
 long. 
 
 falsus. 
 
 false. 
 
 latus. 
 
 broad. 
 
 cautus, 
 
 wary, cautious. 
 
 crassus, 
 
 thick. 
 
 incautus, 
 
 unwary, careless. 
 
 beStus, 
 
 blessed. 
 
 callidus. 
 
 sly. 
 
 albus, 
 
 white. 
 
 stultus, 
 
 stupid, foolish. 
 
 sBdulus, 
 
 industrious. 
 
 noyus, 
 
 new. 
 
 piger, gra, gi-um, 
 
 lazy. 
 
 antlquus, 
 
 old, ancient. 
 
 niger, gra, grum, 
 
 black. 
 
 plBnus, 
 
 fuU. 
 
 aeger,gra,grum. 
 
 sick. 
 
 vacuus. 
 
 empty. 
 
 pulcher, chra, chrum, beautiful. 
 
 jucundus, 
 
 agreeable. 
 
 ruber, bra, brum, 
 
 red. 
 
 molestus, 
 
 burdensome, disagreeable. 
 
 sacer, era, crum, 
 
 sacred. 
 
 laetus. 
 
 glad. 
 
 sinister, tra, trum. 
 
 on tlie left. 
 
 maestus, 
 
 sad. 
 
 
 - 
 
 mSrosus, 
 
 sour (-tempered). 
 
 vesper, eri, 
 
 evening. 
 
 carus, 
 
 dear. 
 
 socer, erl. 
 
 father-in-law. 
 
 odiosus, 
 
 hateful. 
 
 gener, erl. 
 
 son-in-law. 
 
 superbus, 
 
 haughty, overbearing. 
 
 miser, era, erum, 
 
 wretched. 
 
 modestus, 
 
 modest, moderate. 
 
 asper, " " 
 
 rough. 
 
 gratus, 
 
 thankful, acceptable. 
 
 prosper," " 
 
 prosperous. 
 
 clarus, 
 
 clear, loud, renowned. 
 
 lener, " " 
 
 tender. 
 
 plus, 
 
 pious, dutiful. 
 
 liber, " 
 
 free. 
 
 timidus. 
 
 fearful, timid. 
 
 lacer, " " 
 
 torn. 
 
 validus, 
 
 strong. 
 
 adulter, erl. 
 
 adulterer. 
 
 firmus, 
 jflstus, 
 
 fast, firm. 
 Just. 
 
 dexter, tera, terum, 
 and tra, tmm, 
 
 'lontTie right. 
 
 generOsus, 
 
 noble-spirited, genOenumly. 
 
 
 sevBrus, 
 avSrus, 
 
 stricU 
 covetous. 
 
 signifer, en, 
 
 {standard- 
 ( bearer. 
 
 propinquus 
 
 , near. 
 
 armiger, erl, 
 
 armor-bearer. 
 
 dlversus, 
 
 different. 
 
 
 
 rEgius, 
 
 royal. 
 
 meus, mea, meum, 
 
 mine. 
 
 acutus, 
 
 sharp, pointed. 
 
 tuus, tua, tuum, 
 
 thine. 
 
 eximius, 
 
 distinguished. 
 
 
 
FIEST XHH) SECOND DECLENSIONS. — CONJUGATION OV SUM. 11 
 
 •!■ 
 
 Ruus, sua, suum, 
 
 n6ster, tra, ti'um, 
 vester, ti'a, trum, 
 
 anus, a, um, 
 ullus, a, um. 
 
 is, her, its, their nullus, a, um, 
 (reflexive). sOlus, a, um, 
 
 our. 
 your. 
 
 one. 
 any. 
 
 » ") ' 
 totus, a, um, 
 alius, a, ud, 
 utei', ti-a, ti'um, 
 
 altei', tera, terum, 
 neuter, tra, trum. 
 
 whole. 
 
 other. 
 
 vMoh of two. 
 1 the oth&r (pt 
 I two). 
 
 I. First and Second Declensions. 
 
 5. The adjective attribute agrees witli its substautire in gender, num- 
 ber, and case. 
 
 Declinb — 
 
 barba longa, the long beard. 
 
 equus albus, the white horse. 
 
 collum longum, the long neck. 
 
 6. The Possessive Genitive: 
 barba longa, 
 
 equus albus, domini superbl, 
 
 collum longum, 
 
 puer piger, 
 poeta clarus, 
 vir bonus. 
 
 the lazy boy. 
 the famous poet, 
 a good man. 
 
 of the haughty master. 
 
 7. The great fame of the good queen. The burdensome cares 
 of the wretched sailors. My son's little book. The black 
 slates of the lazy scholars. The long necks of the white 
 storks. The beautiful beard of the black goat. The rough 
 fingers of the strong farmer. 
 
 8. 
 
 II. Coi\jugation of SUM. Gr. 112. 
 Predicate and Copula: G. 192, 193, 196. 
 
 STIBJECr. PREDICATE. 
 
 Poeta eat clSrus. 
 Poetae sunt clSrl. 
 
 sum Isetus. 
 I am glad. 
 Ego sum magnus. 
 Ego sum magna. 
 
 Piger es. 
 
 Pigra es. 
 
 SUBJECT. PREDICATE. fiUB.TECT. PREDICATE. 
 
 Eeglna est clSra. Bellum est clarum. 
 Eeglnae sunt clarae. Bella sunt clara. 
 
 sum puer. 
 / am, a boy. 
 Nos sumus magnl. 
 Nos sumus magnae. 
 
 Pign estis. 
 
 Pigrae estis. 
 
 estis pueii. 
 Tou a/re boys. 
 
12 
 
 ACnVB VOICE OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION. 
 
 9. Boni sunt beati, improbi sunt miserL 
 Pater meus est riisticus. Sorer amiei mei est coujux poetao 
 Sumus discipull. Tu es filius domini, nos sumus servi. 
 Discipuli non fuerunt seduli. 
 Beatleritis, pueri! Beatae eritis, puellae ! 
 
 10. The world is great, the altar is great, the temple is great. 
 We are great, you are small. We were friends. I am a slave, 
 you are the sons of my master. The feathers of the raven are 
 black. The new scholars are timid. The beautiful girls have 
 been sick. Thou wilt be thankful. 
 
 in. Active Voice of the First Coivjugation. Gr. 119-120. 
 
 The Accusative Case is called the Direct, the Dative Case the Indirect 
 
 Object. 
 
 11. SUBJBOT. 
 
 FKEIIICATB. 
 
 
 OBJECT. 
 
 magister 
 
 laudat) 
 
 
 discipulum. 
 
 magister 
 
 laudat 
 
 
 discipulOs. 
 
 magistrl 
 
 laudant 
 
 
 discipulum. 
 
 magistrl 
 
 laudant 
 
 
 discipulOs. 
 
 
 
 laudo 
 
 
 discipulum. 
 
 
 
 ama 
 
 
 amicos. 
 
 magister severus 
 
 vituperat 
 
 
 discipulum pigrum. 
 
 12. BUBJEOI 
 
 ?. FBBDIOATE 
 
 ;. DIBECT OBJBOT. 
 
 IHIIIBEOT OBJECT. 
 
 puer 
 
 dOnat 
 
 lib: 
 
 rum 
 
 amica. 
 
 puer gratus 
 
 dOnat 
 
 jbi 
 
 •um pulchrum amIcO carO. 
 
 discipulus 
 
 obtemperat (is obedient) 
 
 magistro. 
 
 
 obtempera 
 
 
 praeceptis magistrl. 
 
 13. Vocabulakt: 
 
 
 
 
 laudare, to praise. 
 
 
 dllaniare, 
 
 to tea/r in pieces. 
 
 vitupeiare, 
 
 blame. 
 
 
 dSre, 
 
 gite (do dedl datum). 
 
 clamare, 
 
 cry (aloud). 
 
 
 dOnare, 
 
 present. 
 
 portare, 
 
 carry. 
 
 
 nS,rrare, 
 
 narrate, tell. 
 
 vocare, 
 
 call. 
 
 
 mdnstrai'e 
 
 1, point out. 
 
 devorare, 
 
 deijoii/r. 
 
 
 parare, 
 
 get ready, pr&pan-e. 
 
 necare, 
 
 hill. 
 
 
 mutare, 
 
 change. 
 
 vltai-e, 
 
 shun. 
 
 
 superare, 
 
 overcome, surpass. 
 
 seivEre, 
 
 preserve. 
 
 
 fugare, 
 
 put to flight. 
 
 delectare, 
 
 ddight. 
 
 
 coUocare, 
 
 set up. 
 
 pugnare, 
 
 ficjllt. 
 
 
 llberare, 
 
 free. 
 
 expugnai'e, 
 
 to take, ca/rry (i 
 
 % city). 
 
 ornare, 
 
 adorn, furnish. 
 
 narare, 
 
 take care of. 
 
 
 postulare, 
 
 demand. 
 
DIEECT OBJECT. — INDIRECT OBJECT. 13 
 
 14. Analyze the following examples : 
 
 Lupi devorant agnos. Lupi feri devoraverunt agaos parvos. 
 Vooavi amioum meum. Portatis librum pueri aegroti. Portate 
 Irbram pueri aegroti. Parentis pii nautae misero dona multa 
 dabant. Agrioola gratus filio magistri agnum donavit. Date 
 peciiniam filio misero nautae aegroti. 
 
 15. Translate the following sentences into Latin : 
 
 ^^~The poBBesslve pronoun is not expressed unless emphatic. 
 
 (1.) Direct Object : The boy is killing the fly. We are 
 carrying a slate, a book, a pen. The girl was nursing (curare) 
 [her] sick grandfather. Strong men will overcome dangers. 
 The teacher will praise the good scholar, will blame the bad 
 [one]. Tou demand reward and (et) glory. Preserve the 
 good reputation of the school. Why {cur) have you killed the 
 ants? O careless boy, you are devouring unwholesome 
 [= bad] food. Call the physician, the master's daughter is 
 sick. The naughty boys had killed the nightingale. 
 
 (2.) Indirect Object: A kind uncle has given the boy a 
 knife and books. The herdsman had shown the peasants the 
 tracks of the wolf. The herdsman has shown the boy a nest. 
 Give your friend the pigeon's eggs. The boys gave [their] 
 mothers apples. The kind teacher will tell the good scholars a 
 pretty story (fabula). The messenger announces to the physi- 
 cian [his] master's sickness. The kind-hearted master granted 
 {dare) pardon to the careless girl. The boys were not {non) 
 obedient to [their] teacher. 
 
 (3.) Ablative as a Whence Case (Syntax, § 388) : Thy help 
 has freed the careless girl from danger. The kind teacher will 
 free the modest scholar from punishment. 
 
 1 6. The teacher will call attention to the variety of position In the Latin language, and 
 practise the beginner in varying the order of the words in the Latin examples. The 
 following general principles may suffice at first : 
 
 I. The adjective follows its substantive, and so do .the equivalents of the adjective 
 —-genitive and the like. 
 
 II. The qualifiers of the verb precede the verb ; for instance, adverbs and oblique 
 cases with or without prepositions. 1. The adverb is put near the verb. 2. The indirect 
 
 "object generally precedes the direct object. 
 
14 
 
 THIED DECLENSION. 
 
 m. The roverpal of the above rules prodacee emphasis. Hence, the emphatic placa 
 for the veff) is at the beginning ; for the object., at the end of a sentence ; for the ad- 
 jfcUve, before the enhstantive ; for the adverb^ at a distance from the verb ; for the 
 indirect oiyect, after tbe direct object. The extremes and the means of a sentence are 
 the points of emphasis. 
 
 IV. Third Declension. 
 17. Liquid Stems in I and n. Gr., §§ 40, 42. 
 
 a. NAMES OP PERSONS. J. NAMES OP ANIMALS. 
 
 latro (praedo), 
 
 robber. 
 
 draco. 
 
 dragon, snake. 
 
 centurio, 
 
 centurion (captain). 
 
 . pavo. 
 
 peacock. 
 
 agaso, 
 
 Jiostler, groom. 
 
 hirundo, inis, /. 
 
 awaUow. 
 
 histrio, 
 
 actor. 
 
 vespertllio, m. 
 
 bat. 
 
 caupo, 
 
 innkeeper. 
 
 pSpilio, m. 
 
 butterfly. 
 
 
 e. NAMES OP THINGS. 
 
 
 aquilo, Onis, m. 
 
 north wind. 
 
 imago, itnis,/. 
 
 likeness, image. 
 
 sermo, Onis, m. 
 
 talk, conversation. 
 
 orlgo, itnis, /. 
 
 origin, source. 
 
 altitildo, 
 
 TieigTit. 
 
 religio, Onis, /. 
 
 religion. 
 
 longitfldo, 
 
 length. 
 
 regio. 
 
 region. 
 
 magnitado, 
 
 greatness. 
 
 legio, 
 
 legion. 
 
 multitude, 
 
 crowd. 
 
 natio. 
 
 nation. 
 
 fortitudo, 
 
 bravery. 
 
 opinio. 
 
 opinion. 
 
 BOlitudo, 
 
 solitude. 
 
 occasio, 
 
 occasion. 
 
 pulcliritudo, 
 
 beauty. 
 
 contentio. 
 
 exertion. 
 
 c3nsu5tado, 
 
 custom,. 
 
 narratio. 
 
 taU, narrative. 
 
 
 
 condicio. 
 
 condition. 
 
 flttmen, 
 
 river. 
 
 susplcio. 
 
 suspicion. 
 
 fulmen, 
 
 lightning (stroke). 
 
 reconciliatio. 
 
 reeoneiliation. 
 
 lamen, 
 
 light. 
 
 EXCEPTIONS. 
 
 namen, 
 
 divinity. 
 
 caro, carnis, /. 
 
 flesh. 
 
 agmen, 
 
 line of march. 
 
 ordo, ordinia, OT. 
 
 order. 
 
 carmen, 
 
 poem. 
 
 cardo, inis, m. 
 
 hinge. 
 
 certamen. 
 
 contest. 
 
 ligo, Onis, m. 
 
 mattock. 
 
 gramen. 
 
 grass. 
 
 harpago, 
 
 grappUng-hook 
 
 turbo, Inis, m. 
 
 whirlwind. 
 
 margo, 
 
 border. 
 
 sanguis, 5fnis, m. 
 
 blood. 
 
 pagio, 
 
 dagger. 
 
 poUis, jtnis, m. 
 
 flour. 
 
 
 
 tiblcen, Inis, 
 
 fluter. 
 
 
 
 tubicen, 
 
 trumpeter. 
 
 
 
 cornicen, 
 
 liorn-blower. 
 
 
 
18. 
 
 LIQUID STEMS IN S. 
 
 Liquid Steins in r. 
 
 NAMES OF PEKSONS AND ANMAIiS. 
 
 15 
 
 IS. 
 passer, 
 
 sparrow. 
 
 o. 
 
 mercator, 
 
 merchant. 
 
 anser, 
 
 goose. 
 
 gubernator, 
 
 pilot, helmsman. 
 
 accipiter, ris. 
 
 hawk. 
 
 imperator, 
 
 general, emperor. 
 
 mulier, 
 
 woman 
 
 conditor. 
 
 founder. 
 
 
 
 adulator, 
 
 flatterer. 
 
 0. 
 
 
 adjntor, 
 
 helper. 
 
 praeceptor. 
 
 instructor 
 
 auctor, 
 
 autlwr, originator. 
 
 cantor. 
 
 singer. 
 
 uxor. 
 
 wife. 
 
 victor, 
 
 conqueror. 
 
 TJ. 
 
 
 viator. 
 
 wayfaa-er, traveller, fur, furis, 
 
 thief. 
 
 Orator, 
 
 orator. 
 
 vultur, iiris, m. 
 
 vuXtwre. 
 
 S. 
 
 NAMES OF THINGS 
 
 (CONCBBTB AND ABSTBACT). 
 
 E. 
 
 
 o(u). 
 
 
 venter, 
 
 beUy. 
 
 rObur, rOboris, 
 
 strength {pak'i 
 
 imber, bris, 
 
 rain. 
 
 ebui-, eboris, 
 
 inmy. 
 
 ser, aeris. 
 
 air. 
 
 
 
 career. 
 
 jail. 
 
 V. 
 
 
 agger, 
 
 mound. 
 
 fulgur, uris. 
 
 lightning [flash). 
 
 
 
 guttur, Ms, 
 
 throat. 
 
 o. 
 
 
 EXCEPTIONS. 
 
 labor. 
 
 ton. 
 
 arbor, 5ris,/. 
 
 tree. 
 
 color. 
 
 colour. 
 
 tSx, farris, n. 
 
 spelt. 
 
 honor. 
 
 Tumour. 
 
 aequor, 6ris, n. 
 
 sea. 
 
 dolor. 
 
 pain. 
 
 iter, itineris, n. 
 
 jowrneg, route. 
 
 furor. 
 
 madness. 
 
 v5r, veris, n. 
 
 sp/ring. 
 
 clamor. 
 
 cry, shouting. 
 
 cadaver, eris, n. 
 
 dead body. 
 
 terror. 
 
 fright. 
 
 verber, n. 
 
 blow. 
 
 error. 
 
 mistake. 
 
 liber, n. 
 
 teat. 
 
 cruor. 
 
 gore. 
 
 papSver, n. 
 
 poppy. 
 
 Rule op Syntax : 
 
 Canse, manner, and instrnment are pnt in the Ablative. 
 
 19. Latrones sunt callidl. Audacia latronum est magna. 
 Laudamus fortitiidinem victorum. Puer in6nstrat sororibua 
 imaginem pavonis. Mulieres modestae vltant occasionem cer- 
 taminis. Imperator collocabat legiones. Viatores vitabant 
 
16 
 
 SECOND CONJUGATION. 
 
 flumen. Homines cauti vitabunt pericula. Clamores mulierum 
 fugaverant furem. NUntius liberavit uxorem mercatoris falsa 
 opinione. Venatores necaverunt leonem sagittis. Superabis 
 fratrem diligentia et studio. Avunculus est matris frater, 
 matertera est mdtris soror ; patris fratrem vooabant Romani 
 patruum, patris sororem amitam. 
 
 20. The sun is large, the moon [is] small. Salt is white. Gall 
 is hitter (amdrus), honey is pleasant. The winters are long. 
 Avoid the occasions of contest. The centurions have saved 
 the heedless (incautus) general by [their] bravery. The 
 cautious traveller will avoid the danger. Good people (homo) 
 will be thankful to the divinity. The bravery of the generals, 
 the captains [and] the legions was distinguished {Sgregius). 
 The cunning thieves had carried off (asportdre) the peacocks 
 and the geese. The hawk devoured the sparrovf, the great 
 eagle tore-in-pieces the hawk. The hunter killed the sparrow, 
 the hawk [and] the eagle. The bulls were devouring the grass. 
 Lions do not (non) devour the dead-bodies of beasts and men 
 (homo). The victory of the legions frees the people from fear. 
 The slave procured (pardre) many advantages for £his] master 
 by [his] toil. 
 
 V. Second Conjugation. Grt., 123. 
 
 (Only the Infinitive, Indicative Present, and Imperf 2 p., sing. 
 
 and pi. Imperat. Active.) 
 21. Vocabulaky: 
 
 debere, to owe [A^tieo.Iouglit, muM. 
 
 noo5re, to do harm. 
 
 respondere, to make answer. 
 
 pSrere, to be obedwnt. 
 
 praebere, to afford,. 
 
 placSre, 
 
 solere, 
 
 flere, 
 
 Here, 
 
 to have. 
 
 to blot out, destroy. 
 
 to remind, warn. 
 
 to move. 
 
 to see. 
 
 to hold. 
 
 to fear. 
 
 to frighten. 
 
 to be silent. 
 
 habere, 
 
 delere, 
 
 monere, 
 
 mov5re, 
 
 videre, 
 
 tenSre, 
 
 timBre, 
 
 terrSre, 
 
 tacBre, 
 
 Rule op Syntax : 
 
 The Indirect Object is put in the Dative with many Terbs of oAtsv 
 ta^e and disadvantage, yielding and resisting, pleasure and dis* 
 pleasure, bidding and forbidding. 
 
 to be pleasing, 
 to be accustomed, 
 to weep. 
 to »pin. 
 
STEMS IN ft 17 
 
 23. Agricola habet equum et vaocam et capratn. Habemus 
 sturnum et lusciniam. ImprobI pueil delent nidos lusoiniarum. 
 Oratores boni monent homines malos. Movetis oculos. Ndn 
 videmus agrem et ventum. Ventus movet altas arbores. Di- 
 scipuli praeoeptores debent amare. Discipuli praeceptoribus 
 respondebant. Parete praeceptis m^tris. Plenus venter non 
 studet libenter {willingly). Mulieres terrent fiires clamoribus. 
 NooGS valetudini tuae laboribus et contentionibus. 
 23. Our father has many sons and many (Synt., 286, R. 1) 
 daughters. Thou hast a handsome and sharp knife. The sons 
 of the merchant have pigeons, a monkey [and] a black he-goat. 
 The timid women were screaming and weeping. Magnanimous 
 conquerors do not destroy the temples of the gods. We were 
 warning our brothers and our sisters. I saw the cunning 
 thief. The strong peasant was holding the wild cow. Doves 
 fear the falcon. The rumor of war frightens timid mothers. 
 False opinions do harm to men (people, homines). The hawk 
 makes answer to the sparrow: Thou hast devoured the fly, I will 
 devour the sparrow. You lazy scholars do not answer [your] 
 teacher. The wind is moving the water. Good {probus) 
 servants are obedient to [their] masters. The harmony {con- 
 cordia) of [their] children is-pleasing to father and mother. 
 Rivers afford to merchants many advantages. Anger and fear 
 do harm to the health of men. Stop (tenere) the thieves ! 
 The servants were holding the mad [ferus) bull with a lasso 
 {laqueus). Answer, boy ! why {cur) art thou weeping ? Be 
 silent and obey 1 for {nam) children must obey [their] parents. 
 
 VI. Stems in S. (Third Declension.) 
 24. Names op Things (Absteact and Concbete). 
 
 
 UASOULraES. 
 
 irarTEBS. 
 
 
 pulvis, 
 
 dust. 
 
 E. 
 
 
 mos, 
 
 custom. 
 
 genus, 
 
 Mn, kind. 
 
 flSs, 
 
 flower. 
 
 onus, 
 
 burden. 
 
 rOs, 
 
 dm. 
 
 opus, 
 
 work. 
 
18 
 
 THIED CONJUGATION. 
 
 
 KEUTEES. 
 
 
 scelus, 
 
 crime. 
 
 lltus, 
 
 tluyre. 
 
 sldus, 
 
 constellation. 
 
 pectus, 
 
 breast. 
 
 foedus, 
 
 treaty, league. 
 
 pecus, 
 
 cattle {sheep). 
 
 latus, 
 
 side. 
 
 pignus. 
 
 pledge. 
 
 Tellus, 
 
 fleece. 
 
 stercua. 
 
 dung. 
 
 vulnus, 
 
 wound. 
 
 IT. 
 
 
 o. 
 
 
 jns, 
 
 right. 
 
 corpus, 
 
 body. 
 
 crns, 
 
 leg. 
 
 tempus, 
 
 time. 
 
 tQs, 
 
 fravMncense. 
 
 faciuus, 
 
 {shameful) deed. 
 
 ms, 
 
 country. 
 
 frlgus, 
 
 cold. 
 
 j waael, pi. v£Esa, 
 ( vasOrum. 
 
 
 
 vSs, TSsis, n 
 
 OS, oris, n. 
 
 mouth. 
 
 
 tellQs, Oris,/. 
 
 earth. 
 
 as, assis, m. 
 
 copper {coin). 
 
 lepus, 8ris, m. 
 
 flare. 
 
 03, ossis, n. 
 
 lone. 
 
 mtls, maris, m. 
 
 mouse. 
 
 aes, aeris, n. 
 
 brass, bronze. 
 
 
 
 25. Videmus multiim pulverem. Servate bonum morem ! 
 Horti habent multos flores. Asinus portat magnum onus. 
 Laudamus opera deL Tempora mutant mores. Tene jura. 
 Aegroto corpori labores sunt molestL Imperator superbus 
 delebat gloriam suam scelere et facinoribus. 
 
 26. The kinds of animals are various. The wayfarers -were 
 bearing great burdens. We blame the shameful-deed of the 
 conqueror. The treaties of the good are firm. Strokes of 
 lightning destroy the works of men. Cold does no harm to 
 healthy bodies. Dew is grateful to cattle. The girls were 
 adorning the lambs with flowers aud wreaths. You must not 
 fear a wound. Times change the customs of men. 
 
 Vn. Third Conjugation. 
 
 (Only Infin., Indie. Pres. and Imperf. 2 p., sing, and pi. Ini' 
 perat. Act. of emo, Gr., § 131, and capio, § 139.) 
 
 27. VocabuI/Aky: 
 
 emere, buy. Ifldere, play, 
 
 vSndere, sell. scrlbere, write. 
 
 dicere, «ay. discere, leam. 
 
 ducere, lead. bibere, drink. 
 
TBIBD COlfJUGATION. 
 
 19 
 
 caiiere, 
 
 faU. 
 
 
 frangere, 
 
 break. 
 
 caedere, 
 
 fell, cut. 
 
 
 defendere, 
 
 defend. 
 
 pellere, 
 
 drim. 
 
 
 cingere, 
 
 gird, surround. 
 
 spernere, 
 
 despise. 
 
 
 sumere, 
 
 take. 
 
 gerere, 
 
 carry on. 
 
 
 legere, 
 
 read. 
 
 qnaerere, 
 
 seek. 
 
 
 relinquere, 
 
 leave. 
 
 cedere, 
 
 give way. 
 
 
 
 
 regere, 
 
 rule, keep 
 
 right. 
 
 capere, 
 
 take, catch. 
 
 claudere, 
 
 close. 
 
 
 accipere, 
 
 receive. 
 
 colere, 
 
 cultivate. 
 
 honou/r. 
 
 rapere, 
 
 snatch, carry off. 
 
 canere, 
 
 sing. 
 
 
 compere, 
 
 seize. 
 
 currere, 
 
 run. 
 
 
 facere, 
 
 make. 
 
 mittere, 
 
 send. 
 
 
 intei'ficere. 
 
 make away loith, kid. 
 
 alere, 
 
 nourish. 
 
 
 tiibuere. 
 
 i/nvpa/rt. 
 
 28. Bibimus aquam. Centurio ducebat agmen. Puer discit 
 carmen, Imbres pellunt venti. Sperne invidiam. Imperatores 
 gerunt bella. Mercatores emebant ebur et aes. Accipiter 
 corripiebat passeres et columbas. Venatores interficiunt ursum. 
 Parentes liberis multa beneficia tribuunt. Venator quaerit 
 lupum. Nauta relinquit uxorem miseram. Cedite furori apri. 
 Reges boni regunt populos c6nsili6 et jUstitia. Imperator op- 
 pidum obsidione claudebat. Deum colimus precibus. Servi 
 portabant onera. Agricolae caedunt altas arbores. 
 
 29. The scholars were reading various books. The robbers 
 are carrying-off the lambs of the unfortunate farmer. The 
 merchants are buying and selling. We are reading and writing, 
 you are playing and singing. Run, boys, and catch the but- 
 terfly. Thou art not learning, thou art playing. The father 
 was buying [his] son a starling. The boy would not answer 
 (= was not answering) ; he was screaming and singing. The 
 captain was receiving wounds. The robbers give-way to the 
 strong travellers. The herdsmen are driving [off] the wolves. 
 My father sends my uncle a letter. The sons gave their sick 
 mother beautiful flowers. The great seize and devour the small. 
 The herdsman shows the timid traveller the way. The traveller 
 fears the deep river. Food nourishes the body, studies {stw- 
 dium) nourish the mind. You were breaking the back {dorsum) 
 of the ass by loads. Despise crime. 
 
20 
 
 MUTE STEMS. 
 
 Vni. Mute Steins. (Third Declension.) 
 
 30. VoCABTJLAKY. 
 
 Stems in a Pmute. Gr., § 52. 
 
 trabs, 
 
 beam. 
 
 ope (Abl.), 
 
 by Mp. 
 
 pl6bs, 
 
 commons. 
 
 urbs, 
 
 dty. 
 
 stips, 
 
 dole, contribution. 
 
 Btii-ps, 
 
 stock. 
 
 prlnceps, 
 
 chief, prince. 
 
 
 
 
 Stems in a ^mute. Gr., 
 
 §53. 
 
 pSx, 
 
 peace. 
 
 faex, 
 
 dregs. 
 
 r8x, 
 
 Mng. 
 
 salix, 
 
 willow. 
 
 lex, 
 
 law. 
 
 jadex. 
 
 judge. 
 
 rsdtx, 
 
 root. 
 
 vindex. 
 
 avenger, adwcate. 
 
 corntx, 
 
 crow. 
 
 pellex. 
 
 concubine. 
 
 victrfx, 
 
 conqueresa. 
 
 artifex, 
 
 artisan. 
 
 imperati-lx, 
 
 empress. 
 
 culex. 
 
 gnat. 
 
 t6x, 
 
 voice. 
 
 cortex. 
 
 bark. 
 
 Iflx, 
 
 light. 
 
 frutex, 
 
 shrub. 
 
 nux, 
 
 nut. 
 
 dux, 
 
 leader. 
 
 crux, 
 
 cross. 
 
 conjux, 
 
 spouse {husband, w^^fl) 
 
 fax, 
 
 torch. 
 
 arx. 
 
 dladel. 
 
 grex, 
 
 flock (herd). 
 
 falx, 
 
 sickle. 
 
 nex, necis, 
 
 death, murder. 
 
 fauces (pL), 
 
 throat. 
 
 precBs {pi.). 
 
 prayers. 
 
 
 
 A. 
 
 aetas, 
 
 Stems in a Twite. Gr., §§ 
 
 55-57. 
 
 age. 
 
 defoiinitas. 
 
 ugliness. 
 
 aestSs, 
 
 summer. 
 
 tacltui'nitas, 
 
 reserve. 
 
 llbertas, 
 
 freedom. 
 
 ti-anquillitas 
 
 , caimness. 
 
 paupertas, 
 
 poverty. 
 
 sterilltas. 
 
 barrewness. 
 
 pietas, 
 
 piety, dutifulness. 
 
 anas. 
 
 duck. 
 
 societas, 
 
 company. 
 
 vas, 
 
 surety. 
 
 BBdulitSs, 
 
 applicaiion, industry. 
 
 
 
 calliditas, 
 
 cunning. 
 
 E. 
 
 
 probitas, 
 
 uprightness. 
 
 quies. 
 
 rest. 
 
 auctoritas, 
 
 authority, influence. 
 
 paries, m. 
 
 waM, pairiy waU. 
 
 calami tas, 
 
 disaster. 
 
 seges. 
 
 crop. 
 
 civitas, 
 
 state. 
 
 aries, 
 
 ram. 
 
 tempestas, 
 
 storm. 
 
 heres. 
 
 heir. 
 
 voluntas, 
 
 will. 
 
 merces, 
 
 pay. 
 
 voluptas. 
 
 pleaswe. 
 
 pes, m. 
 
 foot. 
 

 MUTE STUMR. 
 
 
 I. 
 
 
 0. 
 
 
 Us, 
 
 strife, suit at law. 
 
 sacerdOs, 
 
 priest. 
 
 lapis, m. 
 
 stone. 
 
 nepos, 
 
 grandson. 
 
 miles, 
 
 soldier, warrior. 
 
 custOs, 
 
 guard, keeper. 
 
 comes. 
 
 companion. 
 
 JS. 
 
 
 eques, 
 
 horseman. 
 
 virtus. 
 
 manUness, worth. 
 
 pedes, 
 
 foot-soldier. 
 
 salOs, 
 
 welfare. 
 
 hospes, 
 
 guest, 7wst, stranger. 
 
 juventQs, 
 
 youth. 
 
 cgspes. 
 
 turf. 
 
 senectQs, 
 
 old age. 
 
 obses, 
 
 hostage. 
 
 palQs, 
 
 bog, swa/nvp. 
 
 
 
 laus, 
 
 praise. 
 
 
 
 fraus. 
 
 cheating. 
 
 
 
 pecus, 
 
 ' limd of cattle, sheep. 
 
 NT, 
 
 
 HD. 
 
 
 frSns, 
 
 brow. 
 
 frSns, 
 
 leafy branch, foKage. 
 
 Infans, 
 
 baby. 
 
 glSns, 
 
 acorn. 
 
 adoWscgns, 
 
 young man. 
 
 KT. 
 
 
 Beipgns, com. snake. 
 
 pars, 
 
 part. 
 
 gSns, 
 
 race, people, tribe. 
 
 ars, 
 
 a/rt. 
 
 mtos, 
 
 mind. 
 
 more. 
 
 death. 
 
 m8ns, m. 
 
 mountain. 
 
 LT, ED, CT. 
 
 
 p3ns, m. 
 
 bridge. 
 
 puis,/. 
 
 porridge. 
 
 fSns, m. 
 
 spring. 
 
 cor, n. 
 
 heart. 
 
 dSns, m. 
 
 tooth. 
 
 nox,/. 
 
 night. 
 
 torrSns, m. 
 
 torrent. 
 
 lac, 71. 
 
 milk. 
 
 rndens, m. 
 
 rope. 
 
 caput, n. 
 
 head. 
 
 %\ 
 
 31. Trabes parietis sunt longae. Oolite regem et reginain et 
 prtncipes. Milites defendunt pati-iam et libertatem. Si vis 
 (yoM wisK) pacem, compara bellum. Nomina regum et prin- 
 cipum sunt clara. Frigora et tempestates nocent gregibus et 
 segetibus. Seneotutem debemus colere. •Timemus arietem 
 ferum. Juventus praebet multas voluptates. Custodes probi 
 servabant arcem. Obsides miseros imperator dimittebat. Avus 
 laudat nepotum pietatem. JAsto jiidici homines tribuunt lau- 
 dem et honorem. Cornix cornici oculos non effodit. Imperator 
 cingit urbem fossa et aggere. f nfantes clamant. Mus habebat 
 acutos dentes. Leo sumit primam partem praedae. Spes pellit 
 corde dolorem. 
 
32 PAEISTIiABIC VOWEL STEMS. 
 
 32. Chiefs rule tbe tribes. God rules the universe. A just 
 king maintains [preserves] peace. The slave is cutting the 
 roots of the high trees. The voices of nightingales are pleasant. 
 The keepers (pastor) of the flocks are singing. Obey ye the 
 laws of the state. The horsemen were affording aid and safety 
 to the foot-soldiers. Legions defend cities and citadels. The 
 soldiers were conquering and destroying the strong (firmus) 
 cities. Just masters give (praebere) [their] servants pay and 
 rest. We give-way to thy will. The companions of the prince 
 were receiving many wounds. The leaders of the cavalry and 
 infantry [= horsemen and foot-soldiers] were timid. 
 
 The grandfather gives to [his] grandson a little ram. In- 
 dustry and modesty are virtues of youth. He is throwing a 
 stone. Shut the gates of the citadel. The peasants were sur- 
 rounding the bog, and trying-to-drive-away (G. § 224.) the god- 
 dess. The master detects {detegere) the fraud of the ass. The 
 boys drive away the sparrows with stones. The [high] water 
 [pi.] was breaking the beams of the bridge. Trees have a trunk 
 and bark, roots, branches {ramus), foliage, flowers. The sua 
 drives-away the night. The general disbands (dlmittere) a 
 great part of [his] soldiers. Good soldiers do not fear wounds 
 and death. The inventors of arts are famous. Babies drink 
 milk. The Furies (Furiae) are the avengers (fem. of uUor) of 
 shameful-deeds and crimes. 
 
 IZ. Farisyllabic Vowel Steins. (Third Declension.) Or., 68. 
 33. vocabulaky. 
 
 1. Names of Peesons. 2. Names op Antmais. 
 
 hostis, 
 
 enemy. 
 
 ovis,/. 
 
 ewe, slieep. 
 
 civis, 
 
 citizen. 
 
 avis,/. 
 
 Urd. 
 
 testis, 
 
 witness. 
 
 apis,/. 
 
 lee. 
 
 sodalis, 
 
 {boon-)companion. 
 
 canis, m. 
 
 dog (canBs, pi. /., hmmds). 
 
 juvenis, 
 
 youth. 
 
 vulpes,/. 
 
 fox. 
 
 vales, 
 
 prophet, prophetess. 
 
 ffeles,/. 
 
 eai. 
 
PAEISTIXABIC TOWEL STEMS, 
 
 33 
 
 3. Names of Things. 
 
 a. 
 
 FEMTNINB. 
 
 i. 
 
 MASCIILINB. 
 
 nSvis, 
 
 ship. 
 
 amnis. 
 
 riven". 
 
 pellis, 
 
 skin, fleece. 
 
 axis. 
 
 axle. 
 
 vestis. 
 
 raiment, clothes. 
 
 crinis. 
 
 hair. 
 
 auris, 
 
 ear. 
 
 fascis. 
 
 fagot. 
 
 classis. 
 
 fleet. 
 
 fustls. 
 
 eudgd. 
 
 vallis. 
 
 mUey. 
 
 funis. 
 
 rope. 
 
 nubes, 
 
 doud. 
 
 finis. 
 
 end. 
 
 rapes, 
 
 rock. 
 
 ignis, 
 
 fire. 
 
 clades. 
 
 defeat, disaster. 
 
 orbis. 
 
 circle. 
 
 ssdes. 
 
 seat. 
 
 unguis. 
 
 nail, talon, ckmo. 
 
 fames, 
 
 hunger. 
 
 gnsis {poetic). 
 
 glaive {sword). 
 
 Btrues, 
 
 heap. 
 
 vectis. 
 
 lever. 
 
 
 
 vei-mls. 
 
 worm. 
 
 vis. 
 
 violence. 
 
 sentis. 
 
 hromMe. 
 
 sitis, 
 
 thirst. 
 
 mSnsis, 
 
 month. 
 
 tussis. 
 
 cough. 
 
 casses, ium. 
 
 toils {hunter's net). 
 
 Becuris, 
 
 axe. 
 
 callis. 
 
 footpath. 
 
 febris, 
 
 fever. 
 
 baCilis, 
 
 stalk {cabbage). 
 
 puppis. 
 
 stem. 
 
 coUis, 
 
 hia. . 
 
 tuiiis, 
 
 tower. 
 
 p£[nis. 
 
 bread. 
 
 
 
 piscis, 
 
 ph. 
 
 
 
 postis. 
 
 door post. 
 
 
 
 follis. 
 
 idlows. 
 
 
 
 C. NEUTKB. 
 
 
 mare, 
 
 sea. 
 
 animal. 
 
 animal. 
 
 rete, 
 
 net. 
 
 vectlgal, 
 
 tax. 
 
 bovlle. 
 
 cowhouse. 
 
 calcar. 
 
 spur. 
 
 cublle. 
 
 couch. 
 
 exemplar. 
 
 pattern. 
 
 
 d. DISGUISED I-STBMB. 
 
 
 imber, m. 
 
 shower. 
 
 venter, m. 
 
 leUy. 
 
 titer, m. 
 
 skin (ioUle). 
 
 linter, /. 
 
 skiff. 
 
 34. Pennae avis sunt rubrae. Oves habent pellem albam. 
 Corpus tegimus vestibus. Magnum numerum n avium vooamus 
 cli;Ssem. Canis est fell inimicus. Servl securi caedunt arbores. 
 Imperator magnam cladem acoipit. Terror movet juvenes 
 sedibus. Hostes delebant urbem ferro et ignL Septimum 
 mensem vocamus Julium. Vulpes rapiunt gallinas. Finis 
 coronat opus. 
 
L4 ADJECTIVES OP THE THIED DECLENSIOK. 
 
 35. The sailors are casting off (solvere) the rope. The master 
 seizes the long ears of the ass. The kinds of birds are various. 
 High towers surround the city. The herdsmen drive-away the 
 wolf with cudgels. We do not believe an enemy. Princes do 
 not always {semper) maintain (servdre) the welfare of the 
 citizens. The seas are full of fish [pi.]. The Egyptians 
 {Aegyptn) killed no animal. The virgins loosen the braids 
 {nodus) of their {suits) hair. The lictors carried fagots and 
 axes. Many birds have great talons. The whole earth {orbis 
 terrdrum) obeyed the Roman emperor. The slaves move the 
 beams with levers. The tops {cucumen) of the hills were free 
 from brambles. I see no end of the misfortune {malum). 
 
 X. Adjectives of the Third Declension. 
 Adjectives of one termination. Gr. , 84-85. 
 
 36. VOCABULAUT. 
 
 
 
 LIQTTTO STEMS. 
 
 
 memor, 
 
 mijidful. 
 
 
 vigil, 
 
 wairjifiii, alert. 
 
 pauper, 
 
 poor. 
 
 
 
 
 cicur, 
 
 tame. 
 
 
 pabes, eris, 
 
 adult, marriageadle. 
 
 pSr, piiis. 
 
 equal. 
 
 
 vetus, eris. 
 
 old. 
 
 
 
 MUTE STEMS. 
 
 
 
 p. 
 
 
 
 T. 
 
 particeps, 
 
 partaking. 
 
 
 dives. 
 
 rich. 
 
 caelebs, 
 
 unmarried. 
 
 
 deses, 
 
 slothful. 
 
 inops, 
 
 without meam 
 
 :,poor. 
 
 compos. 
 
 possessed {of). 
 
 
 K. 
 
 
 pi-udSns, 
 
 wise. 
 
 aud^x, 
 
 b(M. 
 
 
 impud@ns, 
 
 shameless. 
 
 rapSx, 
 
 gragping. 
 
 
 potSns, 
 
 powerful. 
 
 mendax, 
 
 lying. 
 
 
 vehemSns, 
 
 impetuous. 
 
 faliax, 
 
 treacherous. 
 
 
 ingSns, 
 
 huge, big. 
 
 ftUx, 
 
 lucky. 
 
 
 patiSns, 
 
 enduring. 
 
 duplex, 
 
 double. 
 
 
 petulSng, 
 
 saucy. 
 
 supplex, 
 
 suppliant. 
 
 
 nocSns, 
 
 hurtful 
 
 ferdx, 
 
 fierce, uncov^oUahle. 
 
 innocSns 
 
 innocent, JumrUis. 
 
 atrSx, 
 
 atrocious. 
 
 
 absSns, 
 
 aisent. 
 
 VEl6x, 
 
 fleet. 
 
 
 concors, 
 
 harmcnviows. 
 
 trux, 
 
 uiild, BOBoge. 
 
 
 expers. 
 
 without share qf. 
 
ADJECTIVES OB" TWO TEEMINATIONS. 
 
 25 
 
 XI. Adjectives of the Third Declension. 
 Adjectives of two terminations — Vowel stems. 
 
 brevis, e, 
 
 alwrt. 
 
 hostllis, 
 
 hostile. 
 
 omuls, 
 
 all, every. 
 
 mortaUs, 
 
 mortal. 
 
 fortis, 
 
 braw. 
 
 laudabilis, 
 
 praiseworthy. 
 
 nobilis, 
 
 noble. 
 
 fertilis, 
 
 productive. 
 
 atilis, 
 
 useful. 
 
 mlrabilis. 
 
 wonderful. 
 
 inutilis, 
 
 useless. 
 
 facilis, 
 
 easy. 
 
 tristis, 
 
 sad. 
 
 fIrfflcUis, 
 
 ha/rd to do. 
 
 dulcis, 
 
 sweet. 
 
 similis. 
 
 like. 
 
 crudelis, 
 
 cruel. 
 
 dissimilis, 
 
 unlike. 
 
 fidelis, 
 
 faithful. 
 
 gracilis, 
 
 slender. 
 
 incolumis, 
 
 unhurt, unscathed. 
 
 . humilis. 
 
 low, grovelMng. 
 
 sua vis, 
 
 sweet. 
 
 tenuis. 
 
 thin. 
 
 turpis, 
 
 base, sJiameful. 
 
 pinguis, 
 
 fat. 
 
 levis, 
 
 Ught, slight. 
 
 8cer, acris, Sere, 
 
 keen, molent, eager. 
 
 gravis, 
 
 heavy, oppresme. 
 
 celeber, bris, bra, 
 
 celebi-ated, populous. 
 
 communis, 
 
 common. 
 
 salaber, bris, bre. 
 
 healthy, wholesome. 
 
 tnsignis, 
 
 distinguished. 
 
 celer, celeris, celere, 
 
 , mjoift. 
 
 39. Servi domini pauperis sunt fideles. Pauperum coenae non 
 sunt gratae divitibus. Memores estote officiorum vestrorum. 
 Spernimus panem veterem, diligimus vinum vetus. Participes 
 estis omnium periculorum et praemiorum. Dominus diligentl 
 famulo duplicem mercedem tribuit. Nemo credit juveni men- 
 daoi. Suaves odores florum plaoent hospitibus. Praecepta 
 magistri puero diligenti sunt utilia. Venator interficit cervum 
 velocem sagitta. Luxuria omni aetati turpis est. Militea 
 turpi fuga perdunt gloriam. Difficilia opera homines c6nficiunt 
 labore. 
 
 40. The shepherds' dogs are watchful. The virtues of men are 
 not equal, but {sed) the rights of the citizens ought to be equal. 
 The brave Germans used-to-conquer the old soldiers of the) 
 Romans. The peasants had old wine. The pains of my 
 wounds were keen. The life of the rich has many pleasures. 
 Avoid unwholesome {noctns) food. Laws are useful to the 
 citizens. Many animals are useful to men. The wound of the 
 youth is slight. 
 
26 
 
 COMPABISON OF ADJECTIVES. 
 
 The time of our life is short. Sleep is like [to] death. Every 
 beginning is difficult. The boy's anger is violent. The boy's 
 liate is violent. The boy's temper (animus) is violent. Thou 
 liast keen eyes and a keen intellect. The eager dogs seize the 
 fleet doe. All seas have fish [pi.]. Send me all the works of the 
 celebrated poets. The authors of laws are not always {semper) 
 men of foresight and wisdom — (adjectives). 
 
 41 
 
 XII. Comparison of Adjectives, O. 86. 
 
 VoCABXJIiABT : 
 
 POSITIVB. 
 
 COMPAEATIVE. 
 
 SUPEKLATIVIS. 
 
 longus, 
 
 
 long-ior, ius, 
 
 long-issimus, a, nm. 
 
 piger, 
 
 
 pigr-ior, ius. 
 
 piger-rimus. 
 
 miser, 
 
 
 miser-ior, ius, 
 
 miser-rimus. 
 
 vetus, 
 
 
 
 veter-rimus. 
 
 audfix, 
 
 
 audao-ior, ius. 
 
 audac-issimus. 
 
 fellx, 
 
 
 ffellc-ior, ius. 
 
 ffellc-issimus. 
 
 vehemSns, 
 
 
 vehement-ior, ius, 
 
 vehement-issimu* 
 
 brevis, 
 
 
 brev-ior, ius. 
 
 brev-issimus. 
 
 acer, 
 
 
 ficr-ior, ius. 
 
 acer-rimus. 
 
 celer, 
 
 
 celer-ior, ius, 
 
 celer-rimus. 
 
 facUis, 
 
 
 facil-ior, ius. 
 
 facil-limus. 
 
 benevolus, 
 
 kiruUy, 
 
 benevolent-ior, ius. 
 
 benevolent-issimua. 
 
 id3neus,/<, adapted, 
 
 magis idSueus, 
 
 maximB idOneus. 
 
 
 
 IBBBGULAB COMPABISON. 
 
 bonus, 
 
 
 melior, melius, 
 
 optimus. 
 
 malus, 
 
 
 pejor, pejus, 
 
 pessimus. 
 
 magnus. 
 
 
 mfijor, mfijus. 
 
 maximus. 
 
 parvus, 
 
 
 minor, minus, 
 
 minimus. 
 
 multus, 
 
 
 plas, 
 
 pltlrimus. 
 
 nSquam, worihlesi, 
 
 nequior, nequius, 
 
 uSquiflsimus. 
 
 Kui-Bs OF Syntax: 
 
 Comparison is made by the particle quam, than. 
 Adjectives of likeness take the Dative ; similis and dissimilis have 
 also the Genitive. 
 
 42. Negotium est longius quam putabam. Mater tua est bentis- 
 sima omnium mulierum: babet enim (Synt., § 500) llberos 
 
FOtJETH DECLENSION. 
 
 27 
 
 Banissimos et probissimos. Oculorum sSnsus est acerrimus. 
 Puellae sunt diligentiores quam pueri. SSorates erat sapientis 
 simus omnium Graecorum. Praemium dulcius est quam labor. 
 Tigres sunt crudelissimL Rhenus est flumen latissimum et 
 altissimum. 
 
 43. The liar is the most unprincipled (improbus) of all men. 
 The names of great poets are more celebrated than the names 
 of kings. My business is more burdensome than thine. The 
 horsemen were shrewder and braver than the foot-soldiers. The 
 monkey is an animal very-like man. I am holding the shorter 
 rope : do you hold the longer rope. Envy is a very disgraceful 
 fault. Faithful friends delivered the heedless youth from the 
 gravest danger. Of all pains tooth-ache {dolor dentium) is the 
 most acute (aoer). Sparrows are larger than gnats ; hawks are 
 swifter than sparrows; the eagle is the swiftest of all birds. 
 Man is wiser than the wisest animals. Augustus is more like 
 his father than his mother. Thy brother is very like thee. The 
 inhabitants of the village were very wretched. Thou art wont 
 to write very short letters. Thou hast given {parare) thy 
 parents great joy. 
 
 XIII. Fourth Declension. Gr., 67. 
 44. Vocabulary: 
 
 s§nsu3, 
 
 sense. 
 
 reditus, 
 
 return. 
 
 cantus, 
 
 song. 
 
 exitus, 
 
 issue. 
 
 impetus, 
 
 aitaeJe, cTuurge. 
 
 nutus, 
 
 leek, nod, wink. 
 
 magistrStus, 
 
 , magislraey, civil auflionties. 
 
 vultus, 
 
 countenance. 
 
 metus, 
 
 few. 
 
 usus, 
 
 use, practice. 
 
 mStus, 
 
 movement. 
 
 fremitus. 
 
 roar. 
 
 adventus, 
 
 wrrvBol. 
 
 aspectus, 
 
 aspect. 
 
 casus, 
 
 faU, chance. 
 
 portus. 
 
 harhor. 
 
 currus, 
 
 ehwriot. 
 
 ornStus, 
 
 ornament, attire. 
 
 cursus, 
 
 course. 
 
 passus, 
 
 step, pace. 
 
 morsus. 
 
 Ute {teeth). 
 
 arcus, 
 
 bow. 
 
 exercitus, 
 
 cmny. 
 
 quercus, 
 
 oak. 
 
 equitffitus, 
 
 amalry. 
 
 lacus. 
 
 lake 
 
FIFTH DECLENSIOIT. 
 
 artns, joint. 
 
 XUSMAKKS. 
 
 partus, birffi. 
 
 sinus, fold, boaom. 
 
 hand. 
 
 EXCEPTIONS. 
 
 Idas, -uum, /. 15th {IZiTCj day of tTie month. acus, /. 
 
 h-ibus, /. tribe, ward. manus, /. 
 
 porticus, /. piazza, porch. domus, /. 
 
 45. Cynaegirus AtheniSnsis navem Persarum morsu tenebat. 
 Senatus c6nsultum terrebat improboa cives. Luscinia nos 
 delectat suavi cantu. Hostis habet magnos exercitus. Persae 
 bella gerebant ingentibus exercitibus. Imperator superabat 
 hostes audaci impetii. Metus nocet exercitui. Lava maniia 
 tuas. Orenium sSnsuum sedes est caput. 
 
 The king has a brave army. The leaders of our army are 
 brave and wise. The movements of the hands are various and 
 wonderful. The elephants are frightening the cavalry. The 
 enemy is closing the harbors with a fleet. The victory of the 
 army frees [our] country from [its] fear. A white dress was 
 the attire of the authorities. The messenger delivers (reddere) 
 the letter to the magistracy. We write with the hand. The 
 soldiers were making a very-bold attack. Frogs live in swamps 
 and lakes. The roots of literature {llterae) are bitter, the fruits 
 sweet. 
 
 46. VOCABTrLABT : 
 
 acies, line of baiile, 
 
 facies, face. 
 
 species, appearance. 
 
 pemicies, ruin. 
 
 plSnities, l&i>el,flat. 
 
 XSV. Fifth Declension. 
 
 faiffifulness, eonfidenoo. 
 
 fldBs, fidSl, 
 
 spBs, 
 
 res, 
 
 res pilblica, commonwealth. 
 
 rBs familiaris, estate, property. 
 
 47. Deus est dominus omnium rerum. Hieme dies sunt brevi- 
 ores quam noctes. Pater mortis memor tradit rem familiarem 
 f ilio diligent!. Crebri motiis rebus pUblicis non sunt utiles. 
 Mendaces homines saepe fallunt nos veritatis specie. Oocasus 
 Bolis f inem facit dieL 
 
FOUETH CONJUGATION. 39 
 
 48. You are disappointing my hope. The soldiers of the right 
 line of battle were making the first attack. All the hopes of 
 the poor mother were vain {vanus). The welfare of the state 
 is dear to all citizens. The eyes are the noblest part of the 
 human face. Thou showest the appearance of faithfulness, but 
 thou hast no faithfulness. We learn many things by practice. 
 Preserve [your] property I Examples of true faithfulness are 
 rare. 
 
 XV. Fourth Conjugation. Gr., 135. 
 
 (Only Infin., Indie, Pres., and Imperf., Imperat. Active, 2 Pers. 
 
 s. and pi.) 
 
 49- VOOABULABT: 
 
 pflnlre, punish. iBnlre, soften, initiate. 
 
 venire, come. scli-e, know. 
 
 invenlre, find. sesc&-e, not know. 
 
 pervenire, arrive. senfire, feel, perceive. 
 
 dormire, sfoep. vincire, bind. 
 
 finire, finish. lepeiJie, find, discover. 
 
 Bervire, be a slome, hone regard to, serve, sitlre, ' tJiirst. 
 
 munire, fortify. saevii'e, rage. 
 
 obedlre, be obedient. condlre, spice, preserve, embalm. 
 
 impedire, hinder. erudli-e, instruct. 
 
 custodire, guard. 
 
 50. Adventus tuus finit labores n6stros. Causas multarum 
 rerum ndscimus. Obedite parentibus et praeceptoribus ! Sero 
 venitis in scholam. Servi valetudini tuae ! NSsciebam volun- 
 tatem tuam. Gaudia leniunt dolores vehementissimos. 
 
 51. Animals feel pain. Be obedient to the authorities. We 
 are slaves to a fierce master. The soldiers are conquering and 
 binding the highwaymen. The soldiers were guarding the 
 gates. You do not know the charming story. We perceive 
 (percipio) earthly things with the senses ; we see, we hear, we 
 taste (ffiMtdre), we smell (olfacere), we touch {tanffere). 
 
PART II. 
 
 XVI. Remarks on the First and Second Deolenslons. 
 Gr., §§ 27-35. 
 
 62. The parents have given [their] sons and [their] daughters 
 new clothes. Unhappy slave ! thou art bearing a heavy bur- 
 den. Cruel boy 1 you will kill the little gnat. Cornelius ! call 
 Peter (Petrtis). O Gajus Jalius Caesar, thou hast saved the 
 Btate, but thou hast destroyed freedom. My son, fear the dan- 
 ger of pleasures. The ancient nations used to give presents to 
 the gods and goddesses. 
 
 53. No man's soul is free from care. Augustus was emperor 
 of the whole world. Thy shameful-deed is ruinous {pemici- 
 dstis) to the whole country. To which boy [of the two] will 
 you give the book ? To neither. The advantages of another 
 excite {commovere) the envy of the avaricious man. The 
 bravery of one soldier saved the whole army. Both consuls 
 lead the army out of (ex with abl.) the camp. The soldiers of 
 both fought bravely. 
 
 Bbkabe. — Soth (viewed separately) = either, uterque. Both (together) = ahbo. 
 
 XVn. CorgugationofESBB. Gr., § 113. First Conjugation. 
 Gr., 119-123. 
 
 Syntax. — Forms of the Subject, § 194-5 ; 
 Forms of the Predicate, § 192 ; 
 Concord of the Predicate, § 202 ; 
 The direct object, § 327. 
 The indirect object, §§ 343, 344. 
 The Passive, 
 
 Ablative of the Agent, \. § 205. 
 
 Ablative of the Instrument, 
 
FIEST CONJUGATION. 
 
 31 
 
 53. Vocabtjlaht: 
 
 
 
 TocSre, 
 
 eail. 
 
 peccSre, 
 
 sin. 
 
 mtltare, 
 
 clumge. 
 
 habitare, 
 
 dwell, inhoMi. 
 
 postulare, 
 
 cbmand. 
 
 volare, 
 
 fiy. 
 
 in vl tare, 
 
 invite. 
 
 intrare, 
 
 enter. 
 
 educare, 
 
 educate. 
 
 natare, 
 
 swim. 
 
 vulnerare, 
 
 wound. 
 
 navigare, 
 
 sail. 
 
 aediflcare, 
 
 build. 
 
 migrare, 
 
 migrale. 
 
 54. Magister laudat discipulum. 
 Discipulus laudatur a magistxS. 
 
 Corona ornat puellam. 
 Puella ornatur corSna. 
 
 Eex parat bellum. 
 Bellum paratur a r5ge. 
 
 Magistil laudant discipulum. 
 Discipulus laudatur a magistrls. 
 
 CorOnae ornant paellas. 
 Puellae ornantur corSnIs. 
 
 R5g5s parant bella. 
 Bella parantur a regibus. 
 
 Pat the above sentences into all the tenses of the Passive. The tenses of the Pas- 
 sive mnst be fully illustrated by the teacher, as the temporal relations are not clearly 
 marked in English. Distinguish between : puella ornatar, the girl is adorned (for in- 
 stance daily), and : puella ornsta est, the girl is adorned (her adornment is completed). 
 Paramur, we are getting ready : ParatI sumas, we are ready : ParabSmur, we were get- 
 ting ready; ParatI eramus, we were ready. 
 
 Parentes educanto llberSs. 
 
 Liberl Bducantor a parentibus. 
 
 55. The hunter killed the fleet deer. The soldiers have set the 
 captive (captus) virgins free. The great-hearted lion is set free 
 by the little mouse. Flowers and wreaths were adorning the 
 gate of -the city. The vigorous (deer) attack of the enemy [pl.Ji 
 had put to flight our legions ; but {sed) the arrival of the cav- 
 alry (egues) saved the army. The master will scold the lazy 
 slaves. Call the faithful servants. If (si) thou shalt have 
 observed [his] precepts, the teacher will praise thy industry. 
 The grandfather has given [his] grandson a book. 
 
 56. The scholars are questioned by the teacher. The books of 
 the sick poet were carried off by [his] enemies {immlcus). 
 The sea is swallowing up the ship. The sea has swallowed up 
 the ship. The ship is swallowed up by the sea. By the arrival 
 of [thy] friend thou art delivered from the punishment. We 
 
32 OPTATIVB SUBJUNCTIVE — WISHES. 
 
 were saved by the bravery of [our] companions. All d.^nger 
 will be overcome by exertions. The letters will be given to the 
 teacher by the messenger. The city will be carried (expugndre) 
 by the enemy. The city is carried. The city is, has been, 
 carried by the enemy. The belly of the elephant is pierced 
 (per/ordre). The belly of the elephant has been pierced by the 
 horn of the rhinoceros (Gen. rhlnocerotis). The teacher will 
 blame the scholar. We will save [our] sister. Teachers will 
 praise industrious scholars. We are saved. The scholars are 
 praised. Thou wilt kill the lion. Thou wilt be killed by the 
 lion. The thieves are put to flight by the keepers. 
 
 57. The general will carry the city. The city will be carried 
 ,by the general. We shall invite all our friends. All our friends 
 will be invited. You have changed your plan. I will invite 
 your brother, but you [s«>?p'.] will not be invited. I am edu- 
 cated by my uncle. The hunter had wounded the bird, but it 
 flew away (dvoldre). The bird is wounded, but it will fly 
 away. 
 
 58. Thou art called. The enemy had built a large tower and 
 besieged the city, but the brave citizens put to flight {-Per/.) the 
 army of the enemy [^i] Tou will be blamed by [your] 
 parents. You were carried. You are adorned with flowers, for 
 you overcome all danger by your bravery. Servants, cleanse 
 {purgdre) the stables ! Judges must [Imperat.'] always be 
 just. Let men be always mindful of death. You must be 
 attentive and obey your teacher. The clothes shall be changed. 
 Let good morals be maintained. Thou shalt love father and 
 mother. 
 
 XVni. Optative Subjunctive.— WISHES.— Syntax, 253. 
 
 59. DECISION IN SUSPENSE. DECISION ADVBKSE. 
 
 (Utinam) magister discipulOs Utinam magister discipulOs laudS- 
 
 laudet, ret, 
 
 May the teacher praise the scholars. Would that the teacher praised the schola/rs, 
 (Utinam) nE discipulSs vituperet, Utinam magister discipulOs laudavtaset, 
 May he not chide the schola/rs. Would that the teacher liad praised the 
 
 aeholwrs. 
 
BULBS OF SYNTAX. 33 
 
 60. May the good old man tell [us] a story! Would that I had 
 changed [my] dress {vestltusy. May the brave soldier put to 
 flight the army of the enemy ! Would that he invited.(«oca?-e) 
 the good boy, and not {non) the lazy girl ! May the enemy [pi] 
 not carry the city ! Would that we had preserved [our] liberty ! 
 Would that the master were setting up the statue (signum) in 
 (in with abl.) our garden ! Would that the wolves were not 
 devouring the timid lambs ! Would that you had overcome 
 the boastful {gloriosus) soldier. 
 
 61. Rules of Syntax : 
 
 1. Ut, THAT, IN OKDER THAT-r-Ne, IN OKDER THAT NOT, LEST, take 
 
 the Present Subjunctiye after the Present or Future ; the Imperfect 
 Subjunctive after the Imperfect, Pluperfect, or (Historical) Perfect. 
 In English the translation is often to, with the luflnitire. 
 
 2. Qnnm, when, as, since (ta past relations) takes the Imperfect 
 and the Pluperfect Subjunctive. 
 
 3. Si, if, is used with the Imperfect Subjunctive when the supposed 
 
 case IS not so. 
 Si, IF, is used with the Pluperfect Subjunctive when the supposed 
 case WAS not so. 
 
 62. Discipull orant magistrum, ut historiam nfiiTet. 
 
 Discipull Si-abant (OrSvErunt) magistrum, ut historiam nSrraret. 
 
 Amicus I'ogat puerum, nS rSnam necet. 
 
 Amicus rogSbat (rogavit) puerum, n5 rSnam necSret. 
 
 Quum magister historiam ntorSret, discipull attenti erant. 
 
 Quum magister historiam nSrrSvlsset, discipull clamaverunt. 
 
 Discipull orant magistrum, ut poena llberentur. 
 
 Discipull Orabant magistrum, ut poena llberSrentur. 
 
 Puert dlligentss sunt, n5 a magistro vltuperentui. 
 
 Pueil dlligentss erant (fuerunt), nS a magistro vltuperarentui. 
 
 Quum mulierSs vulnerarentur, clSmabant. 
 
 Quum mulierBs vulneratae essent, clamavBrunt. 
 
 Si me rogares, venlam tlbl direm. 
 
 Si m5 rogavlsses, venlam tibi dedlssem. 
 
 (Learn the declension of ego and tu.) 
 
34 
 
 SBCOiJD CONJUGATION. 
 
 63. The teacher demands that we he industrious. The teacher 
 demanded that we should be industrious. We begged the 
 hunter to kill the bears. We begged the hunter not to kill the 
 cat. The wayfarers called the herdsmen to show the way. 
 Work that ye may be happy and contented. Fight bravely 
 (fortiter) to save [your] country. We will call the servant to 
 carry the burden. The boys had carried the bundles {fasci- 
 culus) in order to relieve the girls from the burden. The herds- 
 men killed the wolves lest they should devour the lambs. 
 When the sparrow had devoured the gnat, the hawk tore-in- 
 pieces the sparrow. When the vulture was-tearing-in-pieces 
 the hawk, the hunter killed the vulture. As you had begged 
 me, I told you the story. The scholar exerts himself {dare 
 operam) to be praised. The good scholars begged to be ques- 
 tioned. We avoid faults lest we be blamed. The general 
 demanded that rewards should be given to the soldiers. The 
 army fought bravely, but when the general was [= had been] 
 wounded, the soldiers were put to flight. If you were indus- 
 trious, you would be praised. If you had called the physician, 
 you would have been delivered from the disease. 
 
 
 XIX. Second 
 
 Conjugation. Gr., 
 
 123-130. 
 
 
 64. VOCABULAKT: 
 
 
 
 
 impleo, 5re, 
 
 
 placEre, 
 
 
 please. 
 
 Bvl, Stum, 
 
 jm. 
 
 displicEre, 
 
 
 displeax. 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 jacEre, 
 
 
 Ue. 
 
 habeo, Ere, 
 
 
 tacBre, 
 
 
 be silent. 
 
 ul, Hum, 
 
 have. 
 
 valere, 
 
 
 be well. 
 
 adliibere, 
 
 apply, use. 
 
 
 
 
 proliibSre, 
 
 hinder. 
 
 NO 
 
 SUPnTB, 
 
 
 praeb5rc, 
 
 afford, grant. 
 
 timere, 
 
 
 fear. 
 
 debsre, ■ 
 
 owe. 
 
 EminBre, 
 
 
 stand out. 
 
 terrSre, 
 
 frighten. 
 
 latBre, 
 
 
 Ue hid. 
 
 exercEre, 
 
 practise. 
 
 silBre, 
 
 
 be stm. 
 
 nocBre, 
 
 hurt. 
 
 flOrere, 
 
 
 flourish. 
 
 pSrEre, 
 
 oley. 
 
 doceo, Ere, ul 
 
 , doctum, 
 
 teach. 
 
 appSrBre, 
 
 appear. 
 
 teneo, Bre, ui 
 
 (ntum), 
 
 hold, heep. 
 
SECOND CONJUGATION. 35 
 
 retineo, 5re, ul, retentum, retain, keep back, 
 
 cSnseo, ere, ui, cgnsum, appraise, think. 
 
 misceo, 5re, miscul, mixtum, 'mix. 
 
 torreo, ere, torrul, tostum, parch, toast, dry. 
 
 WtTH CHANGE OF CONJUGATION. 
 
 video, ere, vidl, visum, see. 
 
 respondeo, ere, dl, sum, answer. 
 
 sgdeo, ere, sedl, sessum, A 
 
 pendeo,ere,pependI, 
 
 rldeo, ere, ris!, risum, 
 
 suadeo, ere, suasi, suasum, persuade, adbme. 
 
 moveo, ere, movl, motum, r)wm. 
 
 voveo, ere, v5vl, votum, vow. 
 
 caveo, ere, cavl, cautum, beware. 
 
 augeo, ere, auxl, auctum, inarease (trans.) 
 
 m3,neo, 5re, mSnsI, mSnsum, remain. 
 
 jubeo, ere, jussi, jussum, order, bid. 
 
 65. The violent wind moves the leaves of the trees. The slaves 
 will move the great beam with levers. You see the constel- 
 lations of heaven. Fright hurts the body. The long wars 
 had hurt the state. Parents will grant [their] children many- 
 pleasures. The rich father-in-law will give the poor son-in-law 
 a field. The coldness of the evening and of the night has hurt 
 the tender plants. The cities are destroyed. The cities have 
 been destroyed by the enemy ^[^^wr. J. 
 
 The thick beam was moved by the slaves with levers. The 
 book is held by the boy with the hand. Ye shall be silent. I 
 will waiTi the boy. I am warned. I must (deieo) warn lazy 
 scholars. Fables are incredible, and-yet (tamen) they excite 
 the feelings of men. All ancient nations once obeyed kings. 
 Let the citizens obey the magistrates. 
 
 66. Magister monet discipulOs, ut praecepta memoria teneant. 
 Magister monebat (monuit) discipulSs, ut praecepta tenerent 
 Suadeo tibi, nB noceas valetudini tuae. 
 
 Saepe tibi suadBbam, n5 valetudini tuae noceres 
 Qunm puerum monerem, parebat. 
 Quum puerum monulssem, paiuit. 
 
<^6 GENDER OF STEMS IN i, N, B, AND 3. 
 
 Fflgimus, nB teneSmur. 
 
 FugiebSmus, n5 tenEremur. 
 
 Qiium urbs deleretur, mStres Infantes servabant. 
 
 Quum murus urbis delstus esset, cIvBs obsidEs dederunt 
 
 67. Children ought to be good that they may please their 
 parents. Father is calling us to see the elephant. I advise 
 thee not to frighten the bull. I advised thee not to frighten 
 the bull. The strong farmers were holding the mad (ferus) 
 bull that he might not destroy the garden. Drive away the 
 sparrows that they may not hurt the crops. When our 
 father appeared, the naughty boys feared punishment. Our 
 mother (quum, with Subj.) having furnished us with (praebere, 
 with Dat.) many apples, we filled our bags (pera). When 
 you were holding me, my companions tried-to-set me free 
 (224). When the armies were [= had been] overcome, the 
 citizens begged the conqueror that [their] city might not be 
 destroyed. Obey the precepts of your parents, that ye may 
 not be taught by loss. 
 
 XZ. Rules of Gender of the Stems in 1, n, r, and 8, with the Szcep- 
 tions. Gr., §§ 40-49. 
 
 Apposition. — Syntax, § 318. 
 
 68. I. The sun is obscured (obscurdre) by clouds. The moon is 
 obscured by the shadow of the earth. Bees prepare sweet 
 honey. The sun, the regulator of the other (ceterl) lights, occu- 
 pies (obtineo) the centre {centrum) of the universe. To the 
 oldest nations the moon was the regulator of the yeaf and of 
 the months. 
 
 {Regulator, moderator, moderdtrix.) 
 
 69. n. I am entertained by your conversation. The boldest 
 soldiers swam across {trandre) the broad river. The vain actor 
 had a false suspicion. Many great cities have an humble 
 [= small] origin. Butterflies are adorned with many colors. 
 Many animals devour raw {crudus) flesh ; human-beings eat 
 cooked (coctus) or dried meat. The order of the words is 
 
PEEPOSITIONS WITH THE ACCUSATIVE. 37 
 
 changed. The borders of the lakes are sandy {dre7idsus). The 
 heedless captain gave the boy a sharp dagger. Birds have 
 very warm blood. The little likeness of the celebrated poet 
 is very dear to me. A fixed {certus) order is necessary. Thy 
 opinion we do not approve. 
 
 70. r. We see the long line of wild geese. The ancient .nations 
 used to burn (cremdre) the dead-bodies of men. We had great 
 and constant (assiduus) rains. The spring was short. Thou 
 wilt procure for thyself great honor by great toil. Lightnings 
 {fulmen) strike the high tree. The whole surface-of-the-sea is 
 disturbed by winds. Parian (Partus) marble was the best. 
 Lightnings (fulgur) purify the air. The lion surpasses most 
 animals by [his] strength. The branching (ramosus) oaks of 
 the royal garden please us greatly (yalde). Tall cedars (cedrus) 
 adorn Mount Lebanon (JDibdnus). 
 
 71. s. The good morals of the scholars delight [their] teachers. 
 Much dust has been raised (moveo) by the violent wind. Cold 
 is not disagreeable to a sound body. Angry-passion (irdcundid) 
 has been the cause of many crimes. Modesty is the greatest 
 ornament of youth. I will give you a great pledge. The frog 
 has long and soft legs. 
 
 XXI. Prepositions with the Accusative. (Partial view.) 
 Learn the whole list. Syntax, § 417. 
 
 72. Erat fluvius ante urbem, palus post urbem. 
 PugnSvimus ante lucem, superavimus hostSs post meridiem. 
 AvEs volant ad silvam. Ducimus amicum ad patrem. 
 PugnSvimus ad (usque ad) vesperum. Stabam ad portam. 
 Coenavl apud amicum. Inter AlpEs et Apennines est Padus. 
 Puer cuiTit per hortum. Servamus pSma per hiemem. 
 GermSnl pugnEvSrunt contra RomSnOs. 
 
 Superavlstis hostes contra omnium opIniOnem. 
 
 73. The soldiers were standing before the bridge. The general 
 posted (coUocare) the line of battle behind the river. Storks 
 migrate before winter to the south (meridies). The maid- 
 
38 
 
 servant is calling the children to dinner. I shall stay with mj 
 parents. Concord is preserved among friends. The sailors sail 
 through the vast sea. You are killing the bees and the ants 
 against my will. Thou art set free contrary to my expectation. 
 Against the power of death there is no remedy (remedium). 
 
 ZXIX. Prepositions with the Ablative. § 418. (Partial view.) 
 
 74. Ambulamus ah urbe ad montes. Ambulavimus ab ortu 
 solis ad occasum. Laudaris a patre. Pueri e schola currunt 
 in viam. Pueri Itidunt in via. Eques decidit ex equo. Pontes 
 fluunt de montibus. Orator dicit de sceleribus latronis. AencJas 
 ex patria migravit cum patre et filio. Sine pennis non volabis. 
 
 Rem.— Cum, in company wltA ; APm), at the house, apartment of; apub Is also = wijft, 
 in a moral sense, i% the eyes of. 
 
 75. The hens have been killed by the fox. The hunter was 
 killed by the boar. The imprudent sailors were sailing out of 
 the harbor. Sweat (sudor) was flowing (fluere) from the body. 
 He draws (trahere) the ring {dnulus) from [his] finger (digitus). 
 I will walk with my brother through the wood. We will obey 
 without fear. We are walking into the garden. We are 
 walking in the garden. Rivers flow into the sea. Fish live 
 (vlvere) in the sea. 
 
 XXIU. Time, when (§ 392). Time, how long (g 337). 
 
 76. Hieme qui^scit terra. Scholae initium est hora oetava. 
 Dormimus septem horas (per septem horas). 
 
 77. In the autumn (aiitumnus) the fruits of the trees are 
 gathered ; at that season of the year the leaves fall from the 
 trees. In former (superior) times you used-to-send letters to 
 rae. Augustus died (mortuus est) in the fourteenth . year after 
 the-birth-of-Christ (= Christum ndtum). Troy was besieged 
 by the Greeks ten years. The hunter remained the whole night 
 [long] in the woods. 
 
THIED CONJUGATION. 
 
 39 
 
 XXIV. Third Conjugation. Gr,, 157-176. 
 78. Vocabuiaey: 
 
 I. Stems in a J* mute. 
 1. With a short stem-syllable. Gr., 15^-8. 
 
 capio, 
 
 accipio, 
 rumpo (rup), 
 
 repo, 
 
 carpo, 
 
 sci-Ibo, 
 
 cap-ere, c5p-l, cap-tum, to take, catch. 
 
 accipere, accepi, accep-tum, to receive. 
 
 rump-ere, rilp-l, rup-tum, to break, bwat. 
 
 2. With a long stem-syllable. 
 
 r5p-ere, ^ r§p-sl, r§p-tum, cree'p. 
 
 carp-ere, carp-sI, carp-tum, to pluck. 
 
 scilb-ere, scrip-si, scilp-tum, to write. 
 
 II. Stems va. 2, K mute. 
 1. With a short stem-syllable. Gr., 159. 
 
 lego, 
 
 leg-ere, 
 
 I5g-I, 
 
 lee- turn, 
 
 to read. 
 
 colligo, 
 
 coUig-ere, 
 
 , collBgl, collec-tum. 
 
 to gather. 
 
 ago, 
 
 ag-ere, 
 
 5g-I, 
 
 ac-tum. 
 
 to do, act, drive, lead 
 
 redigo, 
 
 redig-ere, 
 
 redegl, 
 
 redactum. 
 
 to bring back, reduce. 
 
 cogo(co + a 
 
 go) c5g-ere, 
 
 coEgl, 
 
 coactum. 
 
 to compel. 
 
 fugio. 
 
 fag-ere, 
 
 ftg-I, 
 
 fug-i-tum, 
 
 to fiee. 
 
 facio, 
 
 fac-ere, 
 
 fec-I, 
 
 fac-tum, 
 
 to make. ' 
 
 pei-flcio. 
 
 perfic-ere. 
 
 perffecl, 
 
 perfectum, 
 
 to achieve, finish. 
 
 interflcio, 
 
 intei-fic-ere, 
 
 interftecl, 
 
 interfeetum, 
 
 1 to make away with, kill 
 
 patefacio, 
 
 patefac-ere, 
 
 pateffeol, 
 
 patefactum. 
 
 to disclose, reveal. 
 
 jacio, 
 
 jac-ere, 
 
 J5CI, 
 
 jactum, 
 
 to throw. 
 
 injicio, 
 
 injic-ere, 
 
 injecl, 
 
 injeotum, 
 
 to throw in. 
 
 vinco (vie), 
 
 vinc-ere, 
 
 vlc-I, 
 
 vie- turn. 
 
 to conquer. 
 
 frango (Mg) 
 
 frang-ere, 
 
 freg-I, 
 
 frao-tum, 
 
 to break. 
 
 relinquo, 
 
 relinqu-ere. 
 
 rellqu-I, 
 
 relic-tuni, 
 
 to leave. 
 
 2. 
 
 With a long 
 
 stem-syllable. Gr., 
 
 160. 
 
 dico. 
 
 dic-ere. 
 
 dlxi. 
 
 dic-tum. 
 
 to say. 
 
 dtlco. 
 
 duo- ere. 
 
 dlixi, 
 
 due-turn, 
 
 to lead. 
 
 cSnfllgo, 
 
 c6nfllg-ere. 
 
 cQnflixi, 
 
 conflic-tum. 
 
 , to strike together, clash. 
 
 figo, 
 
 fig-ere. 
 
 flxi, 
 
 fixum. 
 
 to fix, fasten. 
 
 jungo. 
 
 jung-ere, 
 
 junxl, 
 
 junc-tum, 
 
 to join. 
 
 cingo. 
 
 cing-ere. 
 
 cinxl, 
 
 cinc-tum. 
 
 to gird, surround 
 
 tingo (tinguo) 
 
 , ting-ere, 
 
 tinxl, 
 
 tine- turn, 
 
 to dip, dye. 
 
40 
 
 THIRD CONJ0GATIOK. 
 
 exstiugiio, 
 
 exstingu-ere, 
 
 exstiuxl, 
 
 exstinc-tum, 
 
 to extingvisJu 
 
 pingo, 
 
 ping-ere, 
 
 pinxl, 
 
 pic-tum, 
 
 to paint. 
 
 mergo, 
 
 merg-ere, 
 
 mersi, 
 
 mer-sum, 
 
 to plunge. 
 
 flecto, 
 
 flect-ere, 
 
 flexl, 
 
 flexum, 
 
 to bend. 
 
 necto, 
 
 nect-ere, 
 
 nexl (nexnl), 
 
 nexum, 
 
 to knot, tie. 
 
 
 Exceptions. Gr., 
 
 165. 
 
 
 rego, 
 
 reg-ere, 
 
 rexl, 
 
 rec-tum, 
 
 to keep right. 
 
 dingo, 
 
 dlrig-ere, 
 
 direxl, 
 
 direc-tum, 
 
 to direct. 
 
 surgo, 
 
 surg-ere, 
 
 surrexl, 
 
 surrec-tum, 
 
 to rise. 
 
 tego, 
 
 teg-ere, 
 
 texl, 
 
 tec-tum, 
 
 to cover. 
 
 coquo, 
 
 coqu-ere, 
 
 coxl, 
 
 coc-tum, 
 
 to cook. 
 
 cSnspicio, 
 
 cSnspic-ere, 
 
 c6nspexl, 
 
 cdnspec-tum, 
 
 to behold. 
 
 dlligo, 
 
 dllig-ere, 
 
 dllexl, 
 
 dllec-tum, 
 
 to love. 
 
 intelligo, 
 
 intellig-ere, 
 
 intellexl, 
 
 intellec-tum, 
 
 to understand. 
 
 negligo, 
 
 neglig-ere, 
 
 neglexl, 
 
 neglec-tum, 
 
 to neglect. 
 
 ni. Stems in a r mute. Gr., 164-168. 
 1. With a short stem-syllable and nd stems. 
 
 edo, 
 
 ed-ere, 
 
 ed-I, 
 
 B-8iim, 
 
 to eat. 
 
 fodio, 
 
 fod-ere, 
 
 fOd-I, 
 
 fos-sum. 
 
 to dig. 
 
 defendo, 
 
 defend-ere, 
 
 defend-I, 
 
 defSn-sum, 
 
 to strike off. 
 
 ascendo, 
 
 ascend-ere, 
 
 ascend-I, 
 
 asc8n-sum, 
 
 to mount. 
 
 reprehendo, 
 
 reprehend-ere, 
 
 reprehend-I, 
 
 reprehSn-sum, to chide. 
 
 compreliendo, comprehend-ere, comprehend-: 
 
 I, comprehto- 
 
 
 
 
 
 sum, 
 
 toa/rrest. 
 
 
 2. With 
 
 a long stemrsyllahle. 
 
 
 ludo, 
 
 iQd-ere, 
 
 lu-sl, 
 
 iQ-sum, 
 
 to play. 
 
 rOdo, 
 
 rOd-ere, 
 
 ro-sl, 
 
 rO-sum, 
 
 to gnaw. 
 
 claudo, 
 
 claud-ere, 
 
 clau-sl, 
 
 clau-sum, 
 
 to shut. 
 
 exclQdo, 
 
 exclad-ere, 
 
 exclll-sl, 
 
 exclu-sum, 
 
 io shut out. 
 
 invado, 
 
 invad-ere, 
 
 inva-sl, 
 
 inva-aum. 
 
 to invade. 
 
 mitto, 
 
 mitt-ere, 
 
 ml-sl, 
 
 missum, 
 
 to send. 
 
 dimitto, 
 
 dimittere, 
 
 dimlsl, 
 
 dimissum, 
 
 to dismiss. 
 
 permitto, 
 
 permittere. 
 
 permlsl, 
 
 permissum. 
 
 toattow. 
 
 cedo, 
 
 c5d-ere, 
 
 c8s-sl, 
 EXCEPTIONS. 
 
 c@ssum, 
 
 to give way. 
 
 dlvMo, 
 
 divid-ere, 
 
 divl-sl, 
 
 divl-sum, 
 
 to divide. 
 
 percutio, 
 
 percut-ere, 
 
 percus-sl, 
 
 percussum, 
 
 to smite. 
 
 cSnsIdo, 
 
 c6nsld-ere, 
 
 consedl, 
 
 consSsaum, 
 
 to settle dorrni 
 
 verto. 
 
 vert-ere, 
 
 vert-I, 
 
 versum, 
 
 to turn. 
 
THIED C01TJ¥QAT10K. 
 
 41 
 
 IV. Stems in Liquids, Gr., 169. 
 
 emo, 
 
 em-ere. 
 
 em-i, 
 
 em(p)-tuin. 
 
 to bay. 
 
 iuterimo, 
 
 interimere, 
 
 intereml. 
 
 interem(p)tum. 
 
 tokiU. 
 
 Bflmo, 
 
 sQm-ere, 
 
 stim(p)-sl. 
 
 siini(p)-tum. 
 
 to take. 
 
 vello, 
 
 veU-ere, 
 
 vell-I, vulsl, 
 V. Stems 
 
 Tulsum, 
 in TT. 
 
 to pluck. 
 
 tribuq, 
 
 tribu-ere, 
 
 tiibu-l. 
 
 tribil-tum, 
 
 to allot. 
 
 induo, 
 
 indu-ere, 
 
 indu-I, 
 
 inda-tum. 
 
 to put on. 
 
 statuo. 
 
 statu-ere. 
 
 statu-1. 
 
 stata-tum. 
 
 to settle. 
 
 cSnstltuo, 
 
 cSnstitu-ere, 
 
 c5nstitu-I, 
 
 c6nstitu-tum. 
 
 to establisJi. 
 
 diruo, 
 
 diru-ere. 
 
 diru-l, 
 
 dlrft-tum, 
 
 to tear down. 
 
 metuo, 
 
 metu-ere, 
 
 metu-I, 
 
 
 to fear. 
 
 solvo, 
 
 solv-ere, 
 
 solv-I, 
 
 solu-tum, 
 
 to loosen. 
 
 
 VI. 
 
 Reduplicated forms. 
 
 
 cado, 
 
 cad-ere. 
 
 cecld-l. 
 
 cSsum, 
 
 to fan. 
 
 occido, 
 
 occldere. 
 
 occldl, 
 
 occa-sum, 
 
 a u 
 
 caedo, 
 
 caed-ere, 
 
 cecld-l, 
 
 cae-sum. 
 
 to fell. 
 
 occido. 
 
 occldere, 
 
 occidl, 
 
 occl-sum, 
 
 to ua. 
 
 catio, 
 
 can-ere, 
 
 cecin-I, 
 
 can-turn. 
 
 to sing. 
 
 pello, 
 
 pell-ere. 
 
 pepul-l. 
 
 pul-sum. 
 
 to dri've. 
 
 curro, 
 
 cuiT-ere, 
 
 CUCUIT-I, 
 
 cur-sum. 
 
 to run. 
 
 disco, 
 
 disc-ere, 
 
 didic-l, 
 
 
 to learn. 
 
 tango, 
 
 tang-ere, 
 
 tetig-l. 
 
 tac-lum, 
 
 to touch. 
 
 attingo, 
 
 attingere. 
 
 attigl. 
 
 attactum, 
 
 to attain. 
 
 fallo. 
 
 fall-ere, 
 
 fefell-I, 
 
 fal-sum. 
 
 to cheat. 
 
 pendo. 
 
 pend-ere. 
 
 pepend-I, 
 
 pSn-sum, 
 
 to hang. 
 
 pario. 
 
 par-ere, 
 
 peper-I, 
 
 par-turn, 
 
 to Iring forth 
 
 parco, 
 
 parc-ere. 
 
 peperc-I, 
 
 par-sum. 
 
 to spa/re. 
 
 bibo. 
 
 bib-ere. 
 
 bibi, 
 
 (bib-i-tum). 
 
 to drink. 
 
 do, 
 
 dare, 
 
 dedl. 
 
 datum. 
 
 to give. 
 
 reddo. 
 
 reddere. 
 
 reddidi. 
 
 reddftum. 
 
 to give lack. 
 
 ti-ado, 
 
 ti'Sdere, 
 
 tradidl. 
 
 traditum, 
 
 to hand over. 
 
 v6ndo, 
 
 vSndere, 
 
 vSndidI, 
 
 vSndltum, 
 
 to sell. 
 
 prOdo, 
 
 prOdere, 
 
 prOdidI, 
 
 pro di turn, 
 
 to betray. 
 
 addo, 
 
 addere. 
 
 addidi. 
 
 additum, 
 
 to add. 
 
 condo, 
 
 condere 
 
 condidi, 
 
 conditum. 
 
 to found. 
 
 perdo, 
 
 perdere. 
 
 perdidi. 
 
 perditum. 
 
 to ruin. 
 
 credo, 
 
 crBdere, 
 
 crBdidi, 
 
 crBditum, 
 
 to believe 
 
 BtO, 
 
 stare, 
 
 stetl. 
 
 statum, 
 
 to stand. 
 
 resisto, 
 
 resistere. 
 
 restitl, 
 
 lestltum. 
 
 to resist. 
 
42 
 
 THIRD CONJUGATION. 
 
 VII. Change op Conjugation. 
 
 veto, 
 
 vets-re, 
 
 vet-ul, 
 
 vetitum. 
 
 to farm. 
 
 alo, 
 
 al-ere, 
 
 al-ul. 
 
 altum, 
 
 to nourish, foster. 
 
 colo, 
 
 col-ere, 
 
 col-ui, 
 
 cultum, 
 
 to ctiltivate, Iwnar^ 
 
 rapio, 
 
 rap-ere. 
 
 rap-ul, 
 
 rap-tum, 
 
 to ewrry off. 
 
 corripio, 
 
 coriipere. 
 
 corripul, 
 
 correp-tum, 
 
 to seize. 
 
 fremo, 
 
 frem-ere. 
 
 frem-ul, 
 
 fremitum, 
 
 to roar, growl 
 
 recumbo, 
 
 recumb-ere, 
 
 recub-ul, 
 
 recub-itum. 
 
 to recline. 
 
 peto, 
 
 pet-ere, 
 
 pet-lvl, 
 
 petl-tnm, 
 
 to seek. 
 
 cupio, 
 
 cup-ere. 
 
 cupl-vl, 
 
 cupl-tum. 
 
 to desire. 
 
 quaero. 
 
 quaer-ere. 
 
 quaesl-vl. 
 
 quaesl-tum. 
 
 to seek. 
 
 requiro, 
 
 requli'ere. 
 
 requlslvl, 
 
 requlsl-tum, 
 
 (( (( 
 
 
 VIIT. Various 
 
 Peculiarities. 
 
 
 pOno, 
 
 pSnere, 
 
 posul, 
 
 positum. 
 
 to place. 
 
 sero, 
 
 serere, 
 
 sevi. 
 
 s&tum, 
 
 to sow. 
 
 decemo, 
 
 decernere. 
 
 d6cr5vl, 
 
 decretum. 
 
 to determine. 
 
 Bperno, 
 
 spemere, 
 
 sprevi, 
 
 spretum, 
 
 to despise. 
 
 crfisco, 
 
 crgscere, 
 
 crevi, 
 
 cretum. 
 
 to grow. 
 
 quigsco, 
 
 quiSscere, 
 
 quievi, 
 
 quiBtum, 
 
 to rest. 
 
 cogn6sco, 
 
 cognSsoere, 
 
 cognSvI, 
 
 cognitum, 
 
 to find out. 
 
 gero, 
 
 gerere, 
 
 gessi. 
 
 gestum, 
 
 to carry on. 
 
 tiro, 
 
 Qrere, 
 
 lissl, 
 
 fistum, 
 
 to bum. 
 
 premo. 
 
 premere, 
 
 pressi. 
 
 prcssum, 
 
 to press. 
 
 opprimo, 
 
 opprimere, 
 
 oppressl, 
 
 oppressum, 
 
 to oppress. 
 
 fero, 
 
 ferre, 
 
 tull, 
 
 latum, 
 
 to bear. 
 
 toUo, 
 
 toUere, 
 
 sustull, 
 
 BublStum, 
 
 to lift, raise. 
 
 79. A. 1. Folia de arboribns cadunt in terram. Passeres corri- 
 piunt parvos culices. Ftires metuunt canes. Viatores dulcea 
 uvas ab agricolis accipiebant. Pueri discebant multos versus. 
 L6ginius librum. Legimus librum. Puer scribet literas. 
 Pueri nomina sua in prima pagina libri scrlpserunt. Hostes 
 rumpunt pontem lapideum. Fidem ruplstL Pastor capras in 
 altos monies aget. Malam vitam eglsti. Cives timidi portas 
 clauserant. Milites patriam defenderunt. Leo praedam in 
 partes quatuor divisit. Romani multa bella gesserunt. Darius 
 ingentem exercitum in Graeciam navibus tr^nsmiserat. Xerxijs 
 ingentem exercitum cum classe in Graeciam dixit. Imperator 
 proditoi'cm interfecit. Donum acoipies a mS.tre. 
 
TfilED CON-JXTGATIOlir. 43 
 
 2. Rich citizens buy images and rings. The maids have 
 bought meat. The merchants will buy ivoiy. I will dismiss 
 the second section (ordo) of the scholars. The brave captain 
 led the first company (ordo) of the second legion. The boys 
 wrote short letters. The enemy [p^.] had surrounded the city 
 with an intrenchment {vallum et fossa). Ye have broken this 
 treaty. We honor the old friendship. Tou are drinking old 
 wine. The fierce Germans conquered the old soldiers of the 
 Romans. He has broken the iron (ferreits) hinges. The 
 stupid peasants have felled the beautiful trees. Old wines are 
 good for [= useful to] the sick. Orestes killed his mother, for 
 she {ilia), said he {inquit), had killed my father. 
 
 80. B. 1. Pueri in scholara veniunt ut legant et scribant. 
 Puerl in scholam veniebant ut legerent et scriberent. Athamas 
 misit Ias6nem ad Aeetam regesm ut vellus aureum peteret. 
 Milites arma ceperunt ut impetum facerent. Quum imperator 
 exercitum ex urbe dtixtsset, raonuit milites, ne multitiidinem 
 hostium timerent sed patriam fortiter defenderent. 
 
 2. My father gives me money to buy books. Parents send 
 children to school that they may learn. The timid drivers 
 urged on {incitdre) the horses in order to finish the journey. 
 The soldiers finished the long marches {iter) with great exer- 
 tion, in order that the enemy \^pl.'\ might not escape. When I 
 had received your letter, I answered at once {statim). When 
 Nero and Phylax had joined {committere) battle, another dog 
 carried off the bone. 
 
 81. C. 1. Petunt puerl ut e schola dimittantur. Imperator 
 redlixit exercitum ne hostium multitudine cingeretur. Quum 
 oppidura captum esset, imperator praedam militibus permisit. 
 
 2. The bridge having (§ 586. R.) been cut {rwmpere), the 
 general led the cavalry through the river. The cautious 
 farmer shut the gate before night, in order that the hens might 
 not be carried off by the fox. The hunter sets the dog on 
 [set on = indtare] to catch the fleet hare. If the general had 
 Bent help, the citizens would have defended the city. 
 
44 
 
 
 PBONOUNS. 
 
 
 
 ZXV. Fourth Conjugation. 
 
 
 82. Vocabulary. 
 
 
 
 
 Verbs of the Fourth 
 
 Conjugation, 
 
 ■with change 
 
 of conjugation. 
 
 
 
 Gr., 176, 
 
 ,3. 
 
 
 venio, 
 
 venl-re, 
 
 vBn-I, 
 
 ven-tum, 
 
 to come. 
 
 invenio, 
 
 invenlre, 
 
 invBnl, 
 
 inventum, 
 
 to find. 
 
 pervenio, 
 
 pei-venli-e 
 
 , pervSnl, 
 
 perventum, 
 
 to arrive. 
 
 sen tic, 
 
 sena-re, 
 
 sSn-sI, 
 
 s8n-Bum, 
 
 to feel, perceive. 
 
 Vinci 0, 
 
 vincl-re, 
 
 vinxl, 
 
 vinctum, 
 
 to bind. 
 
 haurio, 
 
 haurl-re, 
 
 hau-sl. 
 
 haus-tum, 
 
 to draw, drain. 
 
 reperio, 
 
 reperl-re, 
 
 reper-I, 
 
 reper-tum, 
 
 to find. 
 
 aperio, 
 
 apeil-re, 
 
 aper-ul, 
 
 aper-tum, 
 
 to open. 
 
 Insilio, 
 
 Insill-re, 
 
 Insil-ul, 
 
 insul-tum, 
 
 to leap in. 
 
 sepelio, 
 
 sepell-re, 
 
 sepell-vl, 
 
 sepultam, 
 
 to bury. 
 
 eo, 
 
 I-re, 
 
 I-TI, 
 
 itum, 
 
 to go—Oti. 185. 
 
 83. 1. Punimus peccata et scelera. Scelus punitur a magistrati- 
 bus. Improbi homines corripiuntur. Custodes arcem custo- 
 diebant ne hostes aditum invenirent. Cantum lusciniae in 
 horto audietis. Dormivimus usque ad horam sextam. Quam 
 pueri voluntati parentum non obedivissent, puniti sunt. Milites 
 castra muniverint, antequam hostes advenerint. 
 
 2. We are slaves (servire) to cruel masters. If we feel pains, 
 we cry out. If you are obedient to your teacher, you are not 
 punished. If you are [shall be] obedient to your teachers, you 
 will not be punished. The enemy conquers ; the conquerors 
 bind the captives {captivus). The soldiers fought so bravely 
 (tarn fortiter) in order to conquer the great number of the 
 enemy [jo^.]. The general gave-orders {imp&rare, with Dat.) to 
 the soldiers that they should bind the captives. Ye do not 
 know the plans of the shrewd general. We come to soothe thy 
 pains. We came to soothe thy pains. If we had known thy 
 will, we should have obeyed. 
 
 XXVI. Pronouns. Gr., 97 folL 
 
 84. 1. We praise these poets. We praise those youths. We 
 praise these poems. That journey does not please mo. I am 
 
PK0K0U]srs. 45 
 
 moving the globe {globus terrae) that you may see it from (ab) 
 this side {pars) too {quoque). This country is called {dlcere) 
 Asia ; that is named Africa. This sea is called the Atlantic, 
 that the Pacific ; between them lies {est) America {America). 
 Answer him who asks you. Those will be praised who have 
 [= shall have] learned well {bene). Those legions will receive 
 a great reward which shall have stood {sustinere) this attack. 
 
 2. I will always honor that friend {hospes) ; for through him 
 I was delivered from the danger which threatened me {im- 
 minere, with Dat.). The thief whose garment {vestis) was left- 
 behind, was arrested. I will present to you this book. Keep 
 it {retinere). [It is] the same [that] we are reading in school- 
 We are all fearing the same danger. The brilliancy of the same 
 stars delights the country-people {rllsticus) and the city-people 
 {urbanus). I gave my second letter to the same messenger. 
 My father praised the clerk who wrote this letter. I have 
 already {jam) given this woman bread; give thy money to 
 that poor man. I do not approve that opinion (of yours). 
 The horses were frightened by the screaming {clamor), of these 
 boys. The Lydians {JOydl), whose king Croesus was, were 
 subjugated {subiffo) by Cyrus. The Amazons {Amazones), 
 whose queen Hercules overcame, lived [= dwelt] by {ad) the 
 sea of Azov {palus Maeotis, Gen. idis). 
 
 3. What did your father say to you ? Which of you has lost 
 this book ? I lost it. Who will save us ? Who will give us 
 advice ? Which place is the first ? Which place have {obti- 
 nere) you? When {quando) will the teacher dismiss you? 
 When did your mother send you those apples ? 
 
 4. Most of you know this thing. If you will always remem- 
 ber [= be mindful of] us, you will always be loved by us. Who 
 did this? He who has done this will suffer for it {poenam 
 dare). What dost thou say? What thou sayest is incredible. 
 What have you seen ? What have you heard ? I have seen 
 nothing. What I have heard I will repeat {referre) [Abl.] in 
 the same words in which it was said. What is honorable? 
 
46 ADSUM, ABStrJt, PEOSUM, POSSUM. 
 
 Answer. I ask you, what is honorable? (§ 469). "What ia 
 good is honorable. I expect some one of my-family {met). 
 You did this with somebody's help. Some bold loader [or 
 other] is chosen. Some part of the work you will undertake 
 yourself. I fear something. I fear some evil. I blame this 
 deed (facinus) ; another it will, perhaps (fortasse), please. 
 I do not approve that judgment (sententia) of yours ; mine is 
 different. The consuls drew lots for {sortlri, with Ace.) the 
 provinces {provincia) : Gaul ( Gallia) fell (obvemre) to the 
 one, Spain [Ilispanid) to the other. Both managed (gerere) 
 matters (res) ill. Neither triumphed (triumphdre). When the 
 Greeks were fighting with the Persians in Asia, the rumor of 
 the victory at Plataeae {Plataehisis, Adj., 360, R.) came to both 
 armies [either army]. 
 
 XXVII. Adsum, absum, prosnm, possum. Gr., 113, 114. 
 
 85. The messengers, whose arrival we had expected, are here. 
 Those who have been away will learn those poems (carmen)^ 
 which the rest of the scholars [the remaining (= reliqui) 
 scholars] have learned. The traitor profited (§ 345) those 
 whom he betrayed. The plan of the deserter was to {ut) betray 
 the legion, but an accident {casus) brought it about {effieere) 
 that {ut) he profited it. Thou hast profited me very much {plu- 
 rinium) by thy faithfulness. The hounds could not surpass the 
 fleet hare in running {oursus). The herdsman led his flocks to 
 the river that they might be able to drink. We shall be able 
 to defend the city. The city can be [/m<.] defended by us, 
 when reinforcements {auxilia) shall have arrived. You could 
 not hear the voice of the judge. The slave could not carry 
 the heavy stones. This man might have been liberated. 
 (246, R. 1.) 
 
 XXVm. Imperative. (Syntax, §§ 259-69.) 
 
 86. With the Imperative, not is ne ; but in the ordinary forms of the 
 second person, singular and plural, noli and nolitb, be unwilling, 
 with the Infinitive, are used instead, or nb with the Perfect Sub- 
 junctive. 
 
IMPBEATITB. 
 
 47 
 
 Nell, nOlIte me tangere, 
 
 (n5 tetigeris, nS tetigeritis), 
 N5 tangito mS, 
 N5 tangitste m5, 
 Ne tangunto mB, 
 
 touch me not. 
 
 do not touch me. 
 
 thou shall not. Tie shall not totich m$. 
 
 ye shall not touch me. 
 
 tTiey shall not touch me. 
 
 87. The slaves shall carry heavy burdens. Thou shalt avoid 
 bad company, Te shall keep the laws. Men [= people] shall 
 worship {eolere) God. Yield not to misfortunes (malum). 
 Boys are not to read bad books. The keepers are to guard the 
 gates ; they are not to sleep. The lazy scholar shall be blamed. 
 The feet are not to be moved. Let the book be bought. Let 
 not the bridge be cut (rumpere). Let traitors be punished with 
 the bitterest death (acerbus). Thou shalt not kill. It is a 
 sacred law : Animals are not to be killed wantonly (temet'e). 
 
 88. Vocabui.atit: 
 
 
 
 
 Pluealia 
 
 TANTUM. Gr., § 
 
 15. 
 
 
 divitiae, riches. 
 
 arma, Orum, 
 
 
 arms. 
 
 tenebrae, da/rkness. 
 
 faucSs, ium, 
 
 
 gullet, jaws. 
 
 Insidiae, ' ambush. 
 
 nar5s, ium, 
 
 
 nose. 
 
 indutiae, armistice. 
 
 cass5s, ium. 
 
 
 toils {snare). 
 
 ntiptiae, wedding. 
 
 moenia, ium. 
 
 
 town-wail. 
 
 angustiae, straits, pass. 
 
 viscera, um, 
 
 
 entrails. 
 
 Different signification in singular and plural. 
 
 PliUKAL. 
 
 llterae, a letter {epistle). 
 
 operae, 
 
 copiae, 
 
 auxilia, 
 
 castra, 
 
 fines, 
 
 aedes, ium, house, palace. 
 
 89. Avarus magnas divitias collegit. Imperator auxilia misit 
 in castra. Aocepi literas tuas, quibus ntptias f iliae ntntiaveras. 
 Fines hostium vastati sunt. 
 
 90. The enemy \^pl.'\ has made a truce in order to prepare an 
 ambush for us. The soldiers seize [their] arms, rush out 
 
 SnffGULAB. 
 
 lltera, letter of the oH/phabet. 
 
 opera, trouble, work. 
 
 cSpia, abundance. 
 
 anxilium, hd/p. 
 
 castrum, fort. 
 
 ftnis, end, limit. 
 
 aedes, is, temple. 
 
 workmen. 
 
 forces, troops. 
 
 autmlia/iies, reinforcements. 
 
 camp. 
 
 terriUyry (borders). 
 
48 
 
 DEPONENT VERBS. 
 
 (erurnpere) of (ea;) the camp [and] make a charge on (in) the 
 advancing (accedere) forces of the enemy. The general shut 
 the gates of the camp that the enenSy might not rush (irrum- 
 pere) into the camp with the fleeing recruits (tiro). The king 
 has extended (propagare) the borders of his kingdom. The 
 general has led [his] troops (introclucere) into the territory of 
 the enemy. Hercules went to the (usque ad) extreme limit 
 of Europe (Europa). The darkness was frightening the chil- 
 dren. The avaricious merchant collected great wealth. The 
 door of the temple was open. The king has built a splendid 
 palace. I am very much (valde) delighted with your letter. 
 
 XXIZ. Deponent Verbs. 
 
 91. Vocabtoabt: 
 
 
 
 I. hortor, 
 
 hortJM, 
 
 hortatus sum, 
 
 exhort, eruxnirage. 
 
 lamentSil, 
 
 lament. 
 
 ludiflcai-I, 
 
 to make sport of. 
 
 contemplarl, regwrd. 
 
 luctan, 
 
 to wreslU. 
 
 cQnspican, 
 
 behold. 
 
 precarl, 
 
 to beg, pray. 
 
 rixSrl, 
 
 aqucMile. 
 
 imitan, 
 
 to imitate. 
 
 admlran, 
 
 admire. 
 
 glSriart, 
 
 to boast. 
 
 cunctart, 
 
 linger. 
 
 augui'arl, 
 
 to prophesy. 
 
 comitSrl, 
 
 attend. 
 
 populan, 
 
 to lay waste. 
 
 cdnsolarl, 
 
 comfort. 
 
 vagan, 
 
 to roam about. 
 
 laetan, 
 
 be glad. 
 
 versSrl, 
 
 to be engaged, be. 
 
 minSrt, 
 
 threaten. 
 
 insidiail, 
 
 to lie in wait, in arnbush. 
 
 morail, 
 
 delay. 
 
 Sscularl, 
 
 to kiss. 
 
 II. vereor, 
 
 veren, 
 
 veritus sum. 
 
 to fear, stand in awe tf. 
 
 pollioeor, 
 
 polUcBrI, 
 
 pollicitus sum, 
 
 to promise. 
 
 tueor, 
 
 tuBll, 
 
 tuitus sum (tQtatus), 
 
 , to protect. 
 
 (videor, 
 
 viden, 
 
 visus sum, 
 
 to a/ppear). 
 
 fateor, 
 
 faten, 
 
 fassus sum, 
 
 to aeknowledge. 
 
 11. loquor, 
 
 loqul, 
 
 locatus sum, 
 
 to speak. 
 
 sequor, 
 
 sequl, 
 
 secatus sum, 
 
 to follow. 
 
 labor, 
 
 labi, 
 
 ISpsus sum, 
 
 to glide, slip. 
 
 vehor, 
 
 vehl, 
 
 vectua sum, 
 
 to ride (pe borne). 
 
 patior, 
 
 pati, 
 
 passus sum, 
 
 to suffer. 
 
 aggredior, 
 
 aggredl, 
 
 aggressus sum. 
 
 to attack. 
 
 ntor, 
 
 QU, 
 
 Qsus sum, 
 
 to use. 
 
DEPONENT TKEBS. 
 
 49 
 
 revertor, 
 
 revertl, 
 
 revertl {act. Qr. 183 
 
 ), to turn iack. 
 
 IrSscor, 
 
 Ii-ascl, 
 
 (Iratus sum), 
 
 to be av^ry. 
 
 nSscor, 
 
 nSscI, 
 
 natus sum, 
 
 to le hovA. 
 
 nanciscor, 
 
 nancisol, 
 
 nactus sum, 
 
 to get. 
 
 prSflclscor, 
 
 prSficisoI, 
 
 prSfectus sum. 
 
 to set out, mareh. 
 
 adipiscor, 
 
 adipisci, 
 
 adeptus sum, 
 
 to attain. 
 
 expergiscor, 
 
 expergisci, 
 
 experrectus sum, 
 
 to awake. 
 
 ulciscor, 
 
 uloisci, 
 
 ultus sum. 
 
 to avenge. 
 
 morior, 
 
 morl, 
 
 mortuus sum. 
 
 to die. 
 
 Obllviscor, 
 
 obllviscl, 
 
 oblltus sum, 
 
 to le forgetful oflOen.]. 
 
 veacor, 
 
 vescl, 
 
 
 to feed [Abll 
 
 IV. mentior, 
 
 mentlrl, 
 
 mentltus sum. 
 
 to tell a lie. 
 
 blaadior, 
 
 blandlrl, 
 
 blandltus sum, 
 
 to flatter [with Dat.]. 
 
 partior, 
 
 partlrl, 
 
 partltus sum, 
 
 to divide. 
 
 potior, 
 
 potlrl, 
 
 potltus sum. 
 
 to possess one's self of. 
 
 experior, 
 
 expeiin, 
 
 expertus sum. 
 
 to try. 
 
 orior, 
 
 oi-Irl, 
 
 ortus sum. 
 
 to arise. 
 
 92. Admiramur splendorem siderum. Vulpes leporibus Insi- 
 diatur. Cives totam regionem populati Bunt, ne hostes in ea 
 versarentur. Fatebor omnia p'eccata, ut veniam nanciscar. 
 Quum exercitus hostem aggressus esset, auxilia advenerunt. 
 Patimini famem et sitim ! Pater f ilium vagantem epistola 
 hortatus est, ut reverteretur. C6nsolare miseros, tuere vexatos, 
 noli obliviscT pauperum (§ 375). Nemo mentitor. "Morere, 
 Diagora, non enim in coelum ascgnsurus as." 
 
 93. The brother lamented long {diu) the- bitter death of [his] 
 sister. We admired thy strength and speed. The soldiers 
 were angry with [Z'a*.] the lingering general. The troops 
 marched day and night, in order to get an advantageous 
 (ppportunus) position for [<?»*.] the camp. The messengers 
 have told a lie. Try [your] luck. We have tried it. My 
 friend has a raven, which imitates human speech (sermo). 
 When two sons of Diagoras had received wreaths on one day, 
 a Lacedaemonian spoke to this effect {ita fere) : Why dost 
 thou linger in life, Diagoras ? Greater glory and greater joy 
 thou wilt not attain, I shall breathe again (resplrare) when 
 I behold thee (236, R. 2). No one who has obtained {consequi) 
 
50 MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES. 
 
 the reputation of bravery by treachery (tnsidiae) and malice 
 {malitia) has obtained honor. 
 
 94. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES. 
 
 1. Mothers like to talk [= talk willingly {Ubenter)'] about 
 [their] sons and daughters. We had caught a very beautiful 
 butterfly, but it flew away out of our (nobis) hands. One row 
 of trees was felled in order that the approach to the house 
 might be broader. Some (nSnnulli) mice are white. I see thy 
 shameless face {os or vultus). These flowers have a beautiful 
 color and an agreeable smell {odor). The legs of the fleet 
 stags are slender. The fleet hounds catch the timid hare. 
 
 2. The walls of the cities were destroyed by the enemy. The 
 decision of the judges was not just. Just judges guard good 
 laws. In our garden there are many bushes. The nut has a 
 hard shell [cortex). Te shall avoid the dangers of bad com- 
 pany. The feet of ducks are broad. The wall [= of the house] 
 had been broken through (perrumpere) by the thieves. Thou 
 wilt receive no reward, for thou hast been very lazy. Let the 
 rich man aid [juvdre) tlie poor man. Let man be always mind- 
 ful of death. The elephant has a big head, long ears, thick 
 legs, two long tusks (dSns), a thin tail. His whole body is 
 huge, but his eyes are small and his throat is narrow. He is 
 a very sagacious (prudSns) animal. The members of the body 
 are the head, the shoulders, the hands, the legs, the feet [and] 
 80 forth (cetera). 
 
 3. The birds which in summer delight thine ears, in winter 
 migrate to (in) other regions. The city was betrayed by a 
 traitorous (perfidus) citizen. The rider urges his horse on 
 (inciidre) with the spur. The Romans laid heavy taxes on the 
 provinces (imponere with Bat.). The ship was held by one 
 slender (ten/uis) rope. An end has been put to the war \— of 
 the war an end has been made]. Te have caught, many fish. 
 The elephant is carrying a wooden (ligneus) tower on [his] back 
 (dorsum). The city [of] Rome is situated (situs) on the Tiber, 
 which empties (effundl, 209) into the Tyrrhenian (Tyrrhenum) 
 
MISCBLT.ANEOUS EXAMPLES. 61 
 
 sea. The pilot sits on the stern (puppis) of the ship and holds 
 the rudder [clavus or gubernaculutn). Let the traitors be cut- 
 down with the axe. The wisdom of the old {senex) is not less 
 profitable {minus prodesse) than the bravery of the young 
 (Juvenis). 
 
 4. The head is the seat of all the senses. The cavalry had 
 come at a gallop (cursus citdtus) to defend the entrances to 
 (= of) the harbor. The nightingale delights men [= people] 
 by sweet song. Ye shall obey the senate and the authorities. 
 The Scythians {Scytha) were armed with bows and arrows. I 
 wrote these letters with [my] left hand. We admire the lofty 
 porticoes of the royal palace. The issues of all wars are uncer- 
 tain. In winter the nights are long, the days short; in summer 
 the days are long, the nights short. 
 
 5. I have marked me (Syntax, § 351) the places {passages) 
 which we have read in school. The general occupied the 
 places {positions) which the enemy had left. The youths 
 presented to the old-man a silver vessel ; the rim {margo) of 
 the vessel was of gold {aureus). l^Same sentence in the plural.'\ 
 The dog was holding a bone in [his] mouth. The dogs were 
 holding bones in [their] mouths. Oxen have a large head. 
 The slaves are putting the yoke {imponere, with J)at., or in 
 and ^cc.) on the oxen. The bear surpasses the man in [= by] 
 strength ; the man surpasses the bear in [= by] cunning. Vio- 
 lence is warded off {defendo) by violence. The lightning of 
 Jove smote {percutere) the lofty towers. 
 
 II. 
 
 1. The Greeks built many temples to their gods and god- 
 desses. When will you come to me with your distaff and wool 
 {lana) ? The cherry-tree {cerdsus) was brought by {translatus) 
 Luoullus, the richest of the Romans, from {ex) Asia to Italy. 
 The emperor Augustus exclaimed : O Quintilius Varus, give 
 me back my legions. 
 
 2. The villainous {improhus) robber stabbed {percutere) the 
 
52 MISCELLANBOtrS EXAMPLES. 
 
 old man's heart. Trees of various-sorts (variiis) and beautiful 
 flowers adorn the gardens of the rich princes. The timid bat 
 will be caught by the cat. The heads of the beams project from 
 (eminere ex) the wall [= of the house]. Large flocks of little 
 birds fly in autumn from Europe across the sea to Africa ; in 
 the beginning of spring (287 R.) they return (reverti). The little 
 gnats creep under the dry {dridus) bark of the trunk. The 
 shady {umbrifer) plane-tree {^platarvus) sends forth {agere) 
 very long roots. Nut shells [the shells (cortex) of nuts] are 
 hard. The towers of old citadels adorn the tops {cacUmen) of 
 the mountains. The fine [laetus) crops promise [promittere) the 
 farmers a great reward [merces). The sods {caespes) have been 
 put on the mound. The feet of geese are broad. On the land 
 they move them clumsily {tarde). The walls of the temples 
 have been broken through by the fierce soldiers ; the stones of 
 them have been scattered (disjioere). Little mice have sharp 
 teeth, with which they can gnaw through (corrodere) thick 
 walls. True honor consists [positus est) in virtue. Mothers 
 and teachers are wont to chastise (pastigare) boys, and-not 
 {nee) with-words only {solum), but with blows. No animal 
 that has blood can be without a head. The sons of rich parents 
 are often poor ; for, corrupted by-luxury, they squander {dis- 
 sipare) the greatest riches. 
 
 3. Even the greatest birds fear the sly fox, vs^hich lies-in-wait 
 for them. The city was saved {Perf.) by one brave citizen. 
 The fire is quenched. We have thrown the ashes into the neigh- 
 boring river. The Cheruscans ( Oh^usci), a people of Germany, 
 used-to-dwell between the Weser ( Visurgis) and the Elbe 
 {Albis). If you quench {seddre — I''ut. Perf.) [your] thirst with- 
 much water while-in-a-sweat {suddns), you will suffer {labordre) 
 to-morrow (eras) from-a-cough. Swiftness of foot [ joi] snatched 
 the hare from {eripere, with Dat.) the jaws {/aux) of the dogs. 
 The fettered captives stood naked in the open-air {der), in the 
 rain, in the cold. 
 
 4. By-thy-arrival thou hast averted {dvertere) the ruin of the 
 ■whole army. The entrances to [= of] the harbors were fortified. 
 
MISCELLANEOtrS EXAMPLES. 53 
 
 The city is protected by lakes and swamps. The doors of the 
 royal palace were closed in order that the hostages might 
 not escape {effugio) from the house. The maidens have em- 
 broidered {acu ping ere) a coverlet {stragulum). The prisoners 
 have had their hands cut off (§ 344) {abscidere). 
 
 5. The fowlers have caught many birds. The first day of the 
 week (L. hehdomas, &dis,f.) is called Sunday [= day of the 
 sun] ; the second, Monday [the day of the moon] ; the third, 
 the day of Mars; the fourth, the day of Mercury [MercHrius) ; 
 the fifth, the day of Jupiter ; the sixth, the day of Venus ; the 
 seventh, the day of Saturn {Saturmcs). Farmers keep {alo) 
 many herds (armentum) of oxen ; they plough with-oxen. The 
 soldiers fought with fresh (integer) strength. Men have greater 
 strength than women. We made a long journey on that day. 
 The Greeks used to sacrifice {sacra facere) not to Jupiter alone 
 {Dat. of solus), but also to Apollo, to Venus, to Ceres, [and] 
 to many other gods and goddesses. 
 
 95. Miscellaneous Meamples, espeoially in Comparison and 
 
 I'ronoims. 
 
 1. The most learned and wisest men have always been the 
 most modest. The song of the nightingale is very-sweet. Cicero 
 was the most celebrated orator of the Romans. The name of 
 Homer is more celebrated than the names of many kings. The 
 ass is carrying a very heavy load. This food is nicer than that. 
 This business is lighter than that. The Alps are the highest 
 mountains in [= of] Europe, but the mountains of Asia are 
 higher. When {quando) is the longest day and the shortest 
 night ? What is more difficult than this business ? This 
 garden is larger than the one {is, ea, id) which my father 
 bought; but the trees, which are in it, are very-low (humilis). 
 The burden, which we are carrying, is heavier than yours. 
 Achilles killed Hector {Aac. Heotdra), the. son of King Priam 
 [and] the bravest of the Trojans. The brave soldiers did not 
 fear the most violent {acer) charges of the enemy [pl.'\. No 
 vice is more shameful than avarice. The easiest work is not 
 
54 POEMATION OP ADVERBS. — ^NUMERAIS. 
 
 always most pleasant ; the most difficult not always the most 
 disagreeable. Thou art the most beneficent of all my friends. 
 Xanthippe, the wife of Socrates, was very-abusive {maledicus). 
 Times will be better if men are [= shall be] better. We admire 
 the bold {superl.) sailors. Farmers ought to be the most ener- 
 getic {inditstrius) of all men. The hog is very-fat ; its flesh 
 is very tender. Tour brother is smaller than you. The great- 
 est blessing (bonum) is friendship ; for in friendship there are 
 most enjoyments {delecfdtio). You returned more than you 
 had received. The fierce soldier plunged {tnflgo) [his] sword 
 into' the enemy's [Z>a^.] breast. The best poets are heard, 
 read, learned-by-heart (ediscere), and fix-themselves (inhaerS- 
 scere) in the mind [pi.]. By this hatred you are doing harm 
 not to me but to yourself (§ 298). This apple-tree (malus) I 
 planted myself. We desire {optdre) rest ; to us also is perpetual 
 unrest {inquies) disagreeable {molestus). 
 
 XXX. Formation of Adverbs. Gr., § 90. 
 
 96. The sparrow, which had cruelly devoured the little gnat, 
 screamed afFrightedly {Adv., fr. anxius) when the hawk seized 
 it suddenly. That boy acted foolishly who judged of {de) the 
 song of the birds by {ex) the finery {ornatus) of [their] feathers. 
 Write this letter carefully; those who write it [= shall have 
 written it] most carefully will be praised most. The Lacedse- 
 mouians {Laoo) were wont to answer briefly and pointedly 
 {acutus). The lark sings more sweetly than the goldfinch 
 (acanthis). Of all birds the nightingale sings most sweetly. 
 The war has been conducted {fferere) successfully {feltx). The 
 soldiers made a charge on the enemy boldly. In the Alps you 
 can travel safely. The {quo) more concealed {occultus) the 
 dangers are, the {eo) greater the difficulty of avoiding them 
 [= with the greater difficulty are they avoided]. This busi- 
 ness can very easily be settled {absolvere). 
 
 XXXI. Numerals. Gr., g 92. 
 
 97. Three beasts made a treaty with the lion that the booty 
 {praedd) should be divided into four shares {pars) ; but when 
 
IBBSaULAB YEBBS. 
 
 55 
 
 they had caught a stag, the lion took not only his own {suus) 
 share, but also the shares of his three partners. Two birds 
 were hanging before the window; the one was a goldfinch 
 (acanthis), the other a nightingale. Two travellers met {occurro 
 with Dat.) a bear in the wood. The feelings (animus) of the 
 two carpenters were different (dlversits) ; therefore the god 
 gave one three axes, to the other he did not even (ne-quidem) 
 give the one which he had thrown into the river. The hydra 
 bad nine heads ; Cerberus had three heads. The poor farmer 
 has two cows ; his rich neighbor has twenty-one oxen. The 
 Athenians had two hundred ships. Priam had fifty sons and 
 fifty daughters. Priam had one hundred children. Nature 
 gave us two ears and one mouth, in order that we should 
 hear more than we speak [Subj.]. The year is a space {spatium) 
 of three hundred and sixty-five days. 
 
 
 XXXII. Irregular Verbs. 
 
 Gr., 184. 
 
 98. VOCABITT.ART: 
 
 
 
 
 abeo, 
 
 abire, 
 
 abil, 
 
 abttum, 
 
 to go aneay. 
 
 adii-e, 
 
 to approach. 
 
 
 obire, 
 
 to take on onga self, to die 
 
 exlre, 
 
 to go out. 
 
 
 prSdIre, 
 
 to go forth. 
 
 inlre, 
 
 to go into. 
 
 
 redli-e, 
 
 to return. 
 
 inteilre, 
 
 to go down to ruin. 
 
 ti'a;nslre, 
 
 to go beyond, to pass over, by. 
 
 peiire, 
 
 to perish. 
 
 
 venire, 
 
 tobe for sale. 
 
 dBferre, 
 
 to bring down. 
 
 trtosferre, 
 
 to bean- across, to tranter 
 
 perfen-e, 
 
 to bring through, to bear. 
 
 . praeferre, 
 
 to prefer. 
 
 proferre, 
 
 to bring forth. 
 
 SB c3nfeiTe, 
 
 to betake one's self. 
 
 refero, 
 
 referre, 
 
 retail, 
 
 relatum. 
 
 to bring back, report. 
 
 aflfero, 
 
 afferre, 
 
 attuH, 
 
 allatum, 
 
 to bring to. 
 
 aufero, 
 
 auferre, 
 
 abstull, 
 
 ablatum, 
 
 to Tyring away, to carry off. 
 
 c6nfero, 
 
 conferre, 
 
 contull, 
 
 collatum, 
 
 to bring together, compare. 
 
 Infero, 
 
 Inferre, 
 
 intuU, 
 
 illatum. 
 
 to bring into. 
 
 effero, 
 
 eflferre, 
 
 extull, 
 
 elatum, 
 
 to bring out, to extol, to bmry. 
 
 offero, 
 
 offerre, 
 
 obtull, 
 
 oblatum, 
 
 to offer. 
 
 differo, 
 
 differre, 
 
 distuU, 
 
 dllatum, 
 
 to delay, to differ. 
 
 toUo, 
 
 tollere, 
 
 sustuU, 
 
 sublatum, 
 
 to lift. 
 
 99. 1. Tl.e soldiers are passing over the river. A bridge is build- 
 ing tha {quo) the armies may cross the rivers more quickly. 
 
56 NEUTHE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS. 
 
 The dog is barking-at (allatrari) the passers-by. The eyes of 
 all passers-by turn {convertl, 209) to (in, ad) the beautifal 
 flowers which adorn the windows of your house. 
 
 2. Bring me aid. If you do not {nisi, with Fat.) bring me 
 aid, I shall perish. Frequent {creber) raids {incursio) were 
 made by the enemy into the province. The inhabitants of the 
 province asked the general to bring them {sibi) aid. As the 
 general would not bring them aid, they applied-to {adire, with 
 Ace., Syntax, § 330, R. 2) the king to have aid brought them, 
 i. e., that aid should be brought them. [sibi). 
 
 3. No one becomes good by accident. What is done can- 
 not be undone [i. e., be made undone {infectics)^. Whatever 
 King Midas touched {Phiperf. Ind., § 625) became gold. King 
 Midas asked that whatever he touched {Pluperf. Subj.) should 
 be made gold {§ 630). 
 
 4. We would rather (jndlle) be unhappy than bad. If thou 
 wishest to be loved, love. Sometimes it happens that {ut) he 
 who wishes to profit us, injures us. Everybody prefers {mdlle 
 — quani) blaming other people's {aiiena) faults to correcting 
 {aorrigere or emendare) his own. If you want peace, prepare 
 [for] war. Do not put off {differo) to [in) the morrow {crds- 
 Units dies) what you can do to-day {hodw). I will do what 
 you wish. When I would, he would not ; when I would not, 
 he would. He will not be willing to set out. I do not know 
 whether he will [^Suly. of volo] or {an) will not {nolo). (§ 463, 
 469.) 
 
 5. The boys have begun to play. Good men remember the 
 benefits (§ 375) which they have received. I shall remember 
 thy precepts. The bad hate the good. Remember death and 
 the infirmity of man {humanus). The bad are wont to hate 
 the good. 
 
 ZXZIII. Neuter Adjectives and Pronouns. 
 
 J^~ These when used as BahstantiTea are often pnt In the plaral. 
 
 100. Hear much, speak little. We often lose the certain {cer- 
 tus) while {dum) we are striving after {petere) the uncertain 
 
NUMEBAXS. 57 
 
 (incertus). All this seemed to him new and wonderfal {rmri- 
 ficus). Everything that happens (accidere) to us we ought 
 to bear bravely. The past (praeteritus) cannot be changed. 
 We can distinguish (disoernere) white [and, § 483] black, good 
 [and] bad, fair [and] unfair, the honorable [and] the disgrace- 
 ful, the useful [and] the useless, the great [and] the small. We 
 do not always think the same about the same things on the 
 same day. Everything that you have said is true. Repeat, 
 VellSjus, what you began. What we wish, we readily (libenter) 
 believe. 
 
 ZXXIV. Numerals. 
 
 101. 1. Enumerate the seven kings of Rome. The captain who 
 reconnoitred (explorare) the roads (iter) had forty-eight foot- 
 soldiers and twenty horsemen with him (secum) ; therefore 
 (itaque), when five hundred horsemen of the enemy [pi.] ad- 
 vanced {accedere), he withdrew (se recipere) quickly into camp. 
 In that war one thousand soldiers were killed, two thousand 
 soldiers wounded (§ 308). The 15th day of this month the 
 Romans called the Ides (Tdus). Draco made [his] laws {leges 
 jperre) in the year 620 ; Solon, in the year 594 ; Lyclrgus, about 
 (circiter) the year 888. Rome was founded in the year 754 
 before the birth of Christ {ante Christum natum, § 357, R. 2). 
 Charlemagne ( Garolus Magnus) was emperor in the year 800 
 after the birth of Christ. The Emperor Augustus reigned from 
 (inde ah) the year 80 before Christ to {usque ad) 14 after 
 Christ. 
 
 2. Six scholars sit on each {singuU) bench {subsSUium). 
 Twelve scholars sit on two benches. 
 
 3. In Athens there reigned seven kings before the Trojan 
 war; the eighth was Demophon {Demophon), the son of 
 Theseus {Theseus). In his time [pl.J Troy was destroyed 
 1184 before Christ. From that year on {inde ab) Athens was 
 116 years tinder kings. The last of them, Codrus, offered him- 
 self [up] to death in the year 1068 for the salvation {salus) of 
 his country. After Codrus there were Arohons {Archontes) at 
 
58 NTJMHEALS. 
 
 Athens, at first for life [while {dum) they lived], then {deinde) 
 for {in) ten years each ; finally (denique) from the year 752 on, 
 nine were chosen yearly [quotdnnis). 
 
 4. Agamemnon led on {AM., § 387) 1180 ships 100,000 
 warriors before Troy {ad T., § 410 R. 3). Therefore there were 
 in each ship about {fere) eighty-three men. In the oldest times 
 ships had fore and aft {ab utraque parte) two thwarts {trdma- 
 trum), on which ten or fifteen rowers {remex, remigis) used to 
 sit. After the battle of Salamis {Adj., Salaminius, § 157), 
 large ships were built. Those which had three thwarts were 
 called triremes {triremis). The Carthaginians and Romans 
 built ships of four, or as many as {vel) five thwarts, so that 
 {ut) there were {Subj.) on one ship three hundred rowers. 
 
 6. Hercules was sent twelve-times by Eurystheus to under- 
 take {suscipere) enormous {inffSns) labors. The god of the 
 river emerged thrice from {ex) the water ; the first time he 
 brought up a golden axe ; the second time {iterum), a silver 
 one ; the third time, the iron one. How rnany are twice-two ? 
 Twenty-five times 241 make [= become] 6025. I have said 
 that a hundred times [merely exaggeration : the Romans say, 
 six hundred times]. 
 
 Besiabk. — The beginner is called on to notice particularly the use of the distribu- 
 tives, which are employed with an exactness which is foreign to our idiom, whenever 
 repetition is involved, as, for example, In the multiplication table. When singull, each, 
 is expressed, the cardinal may be used. 
 
"WHITHEB, WHBEE. ^WHENCE. 50 
 
 SEOOIsTD Couese. 
 
 XXXV. Whither? G. 410; A. 55, 3, S ; A. & S. 237 ; B. 938; H. 421, II. 
 Whence ? G. 411 ; A. 55, 3, a ; A. & S. 255 ; B. 941 ; H. 379. 
 Whete ? a. 412 ; A. 55, 3, « ; A. & S. 254 ;. B. 932-3 ; H. 421. 
 
 102. VocABxHiAKT : 
 
 NAMES OF CITIES. 
 
 KSma, Borne. Leuctra, Srum, Leiictra. 
 
 Athenae, AtJiena. Carthago, Inia, Cartilage 
 
 Corinthus, Corinth. Aulis, idis, AuUs. 
 
 Tarentum, Tarentum. NeSpolis, is, Maples. 
 
 Delphi, Srum, DelpJd. SardSs, ium, Sardis. 
 
 103. Cadmus came from Phoenicia to Thebes ( Thebae) ; Cecrops 
 from Egypt (Aegiyptus) to Athens ; Danaiis sailed (advehl) 
 from Egypt to Argos {Argos, n, or Argl orum, m) ; Pelops 
 from Phrygia to the Peloponnesus. Menelatis returning home 
 from Troy was driven out-of-his-course (defero) to Egypt ; from 
 Egypt he returned to Sparta. [It was] from Aulis [that] the 
 Greeks set out for Troy. Ambassadors were sent to Delphi ; 
 in Delphi there was a very celebrated oracle (oraoulum) of 
 Apollo. The ambassadors returned from Delphi to Sparta. A 
 slave ran away {aufugere) from Rome to Athens ; thence {inde) 
 he came to Asia ; afterwards {postea) he [was] arrested [com- 
 prehendere) at Ephesus [and] was sent back to Rome. 
 
 104. 1. Aeneas {Aeneas) fled from Ilium (Z) with twenty ships 
 to Thrace {Thracia), thence to Delus and Crete ( Greta) ; after 
 touching at [= when he had already touched] Sicily he [was] 
 driven by a storm to Africa, [and] came to Carthage, which 
 city Dido was at that time building. Setting-out {profectus) 
 from Carthage he made-for (petere) Italy. First he came to 
 Ciimae, thence he landed on {appellere naves ad) the coast of 
 
60 ACCtrSATIVB AND INFINITIVE. 
 
 Latium. He reigned at Lanttvium, his (Sjus) son AscS,nius at 
 Alba Longa. 
 
 2. Hipjiias fled {cdnfugere) to Darius {Darius) at Susa [= to 
 Susa {Susa, drum) to Darius]. The Persian king [= king of 
 the Persians] resided {sedem habere) at Susa. Solon betook 
 himself {se c6i>ferre) to Sardis. In Sardis he conversed {collo- 
 qui) with Darius. Regulus (e) died at Carthage. 
 
 3. My master {herus) is not at home ; he went from home 
 early in the morning {mane) ; he will return home in the even- 
 ing {vesperi). My fi-iend came straight {recta) to my house. 
 My guest {hospes), who lived {vlvere) with me, died lately 
 {nuper) at my house. My guest, who dwelt {habitare) with 
 {apud) me, departed lately from my house. When the war 
 had been brought to an end {cdnficere), the army was dis- 
 banded {dimittere) ; the soldiers returned [to their respective] 
 homes. The father has taken {editcere) [his] son with him 
 (secum) to the country ; they will remain several {aliquot) 
 months in the country. When my son returns (236, R. 2) 
 from the country, I will send him to {ad) thee. Ai-istides con- 
 ducted public affairs {rem pUblicam gerere) excellently in 
 peace and in war. Yesterday {hert) evening Hirtius was at 
 my lodgings {apud me). 
 
 XXXVI. Accusative and Infinitive. 
 
 a 530 ; A. 70, 2 ; A. & S. 372 ; B. 1153 ; H. 551. 
 
 105. 1. We perceive {sentvre) that snow is white. Anaxagoraa 
 said that snow was black. I believe that the souls {animus) 
 of men are immortal. Thou knowest that [thy] father is angry 
 with {Dat.) thee. Report says {famafert) that you are in Syria. 
 Democritus said that there are worlds without number {innu- 
 merabilis). I believe the violets {viola) are blooming {Jlorere) 
 already. The sentinel {vigil) announces that the enemy is 
 approaching. We have read that the little mouse delivered 
 the lion. We have read that the lion was delivered by the 
 little mouse. I have learned {coniperlo'e) that the enemy is 
 
ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE. 61 
 
 cutting {rumpere) the bridge.— (7%e same, passive.) I have 
 learned that the enemy has cut the bridge. I have learned 
 that the bridge is already cut. I suspect (suspicor) that 
 the enemy will cut the bridge ; that the bridge will be cut by 
 the enemy. Word-has-been-brought (n4niidre) to me that you 
 have suddenly fallen-sick-of (incidere in) a fever. Nobody 
 will deny {negare) that the world is kept-together (cdnservare) 
 by God ; that the world was created by God. There is a tra- 
 dition {memoriae trddere) that Socrates was a wise man. I 
 hope that the teacher will praise thee. I hope that the boy 
 will be praised. I hope to be in Athens shortly (brevl). I 
 suppose that the slave will have finished* the business before 
 the return of my father. I suppose that the business will be 
 finished (cdnfectum, fore) before the return of my father. 
 
 2. The starling (sturnus) informed the cuckoo {cucalus) that 
 people {homines) praised the song of the nightingale {luscinia) 
 in-the-highest-terms {maximopere) ; that others praised the 
 song of the lark {alauda) ; that some {nSnnulK) were delighted 
 with the song of the quail {coturnix) ; but {autem — Syn- 
 tax, § 486) of the cuckoo mention was made nowhere {nus- 
 quam). 
 
 3. The fox announced {rvdntidre) to the cock that all enmities 
 between {Qen.) the animals were extinguished; that peace 
 was made ; that the deer were walking {amhulare) with the 
 lions, the sheep with the wolves, the mice with the cats. But 
 when he heard [Pfe/".] that the dog was running up, he fled, 
 I suspect you-must-know (emm, 500, R. 2), said he {inquit), 
 that the peace has not been announced to the dogs yet {nSn- 
 dum). 
 
 4. A lying {meriddx) boy deceived {decipere) the shepherds 
 twice [by] crying out that the wolf was there {adesse). When 
 the wolf was really {reverd) there, and the boy cried out, the 
 shepherds did not run to [him] {accurrere). For they supposed 
 
 •« Put. Inf. FoKE UT with Pert or Plpf. Sub). Is rare. 
 
6)J DBPBNDENT INTBEEOGATIVES. 
 
 that the lying [fellow] -would deceive [his] friends a-third-time 
 {tertium). 
 
 5. Lewis {ImcIovIgus) : I hear that the postman (tabeliarius) 
 has brought you a letter ; I suspect that your brother sent it. 
 Give me the letter to read (§ 431), for you know that I love 
 your brother very-much (magnopere). William ( Guilielmus) : 
 I am well aware (probe scio) that you are the most faithful 
 friend of my brother, but I have not yet read the letter 
 through [perlego) myself. I promise to communicate the con- 
 tents [= the letter] to you {tecum, § 346, R. 1). 
 
 6. The mythologists (fdbularicm scrtptores) inform [us] 
 (tradere) that Phrixus an'd Helle were the children of Atha- 
 mas ( Gen., Athamantis) and Nephele ( Gen., es) ; that after 
 the death of the mother Athamas married {diXcere) Ino 
 {Accus., o) the daughter of Cadmus ; that the bad (improbus) 
 stepmother (noverca) persuaded (§ 345, R. 2) him to (ut) 
 sacrifice (immolare) the children to Jupiter, and that on that 
 account {quam ob rem, § 612) they fled from home; that when 
 they had arrived at {ad) the sea, Jupiter, [their] grandfather, 
 gave them a ram adorned with a golden fleece {pellis), but 
 timid Helle fell {decidere) from the ram; that Phrixus was 
 borne {deferre) by the ram to King Aeetes in Colchis ( Golchi, 
 drum) [= to Colchis to King Aeetes] ; that he sacrificed the 
 ram there and suspended the skin of it {ejus) from (e) an oak in 
 the grove of Mars ; that a sleepless {tnsomnis) dragon guarded 
 the fleece ; [and] that afterward Jason sailed {vehl) to Colchis 
 to fetch {petere) the golden fleec-. 
 
 XXXVII. Dependent Interrogatives. 
 
 G. 459 ; A. 67, 2 ; A. & S. 265 ; B. 1183 ; H. 535. 
 
 106. Who were the parents of Phrixus and Helle ? Do you 
 
 know who were the parents of Phrixus and Helle ? Phrixus 
 
 asked [his] father why he wished to sacrifice him (se). Aeetes 
 
 asked Phrixus why he had fled to Colchis. Did not the 
 
DETBEMnSTATITE AND EEFLEXIVE. 63 
 
 Stepmother of Phrixus act {faoere) unjustly (inJustS) ? Aeetes 
 asked Jason when he would return home. " I will tell you," 
 said Jason, "at the right time {in tempore), when I shall 
 return." 
 
 ZXXVni. Determinative and Reflexive. 
 
 Q. 394, 531 ; A. 19, 3 ; A. & S. 308 ; B. 1018 ; H. 448. 
 
 107. 1. The lion was lying in his cave (spelunoa) ; the fox went 
 to his cave. 2. The carpenter had lost his axe (securis) ; the 
 god of the river brought back his axe. 3. The. birds tore-out 
 (eripere) their feathers from the (Dat.) jackdaw (graonlus) ; for 
 the jackdaw had adorned himself with their feathers. 4. A 
 certain lady {mdtrona) showed Cornelia her jewels (orna- 
 menta) ; then (turn) she wished [cupere) to see her jewels too ; 
 Cornelia said that [her] sons were her jewels. 5. Hipp61yta 
 was queen of the Amazons {Amazones). Hercules was sent by 
 Eurystheus to bring her belt {balteus) to Mycenae. The war- 
 like {belliGOSUs) Amazons defended their queen. Hercules cap- 
 tured their queen and gave her to Theseus, his companion. 6. 
 Hercules gave (trado) Philoctetes his arms. When Hercules 
 mounted (cdnscendere) the funeral-pile {rogus), Philoctetes 
 received his arms. 7. Bias said that he carried everything 
 [that was] his with him. 8. The bat, [when] caught {compre- 
 hendere) by the cat, said that he was a bird. But the cat 
 maintained (disputdre) that he was a mouse. 9. The young man 
 hopes to live long; the young man is healthy (validus), there- 
 fore we hope that he will live long. 10. Androclus said that he 
 had entered a (quldam) cave ; that not long afterwards (multo 
 post) a lion came to the same cave with a disabled (debilis) and 
 bloody (cruentus) paw (pes) : at the first sight (cdnspectus) he 
 was frightened (terrere), but that he had come up [with] mild 
 and gentle [mien] {mdnsuetus), and raised up [his] paw [and] 
 held [it] out {porrigo, § 667, R. 1); that he plucked out 
 [revello) a huge splinter {stirps) and wiped off (detergere) the 
 blood (cruor) ; and that from that day he and the lion had 
 lived three whole years {triennium) in the same cave. 
 
64 SENTENCES OP DESIGN. 
 
 XXXIX. Sentences of Design. 
 G. 545 foil. ; A. 64 ; A. & S. 263 ; B. 1205 ; H. 497. 
 
 108. Mtts cito accurrit ut leSnem llberSret, 
 
 The mouse ran up quickly that lie might, in order to, set the lion free. 
 Cervus filgit nB a canibus corriperBtur, 
 
 The stag fled that lie might not, lest lie should, in order not to he caugh% 
 to keep from being caught by the hounds. 
 
 The lion feigned sickness to deceive the beasts. The ass put 
 on the lion's skin to frighten the beasts. Phrixus and Hells 
 fled from home in order not to be sacrificed {immolare) by 
 [their], father. The birds flew away to keep from being seized 
 by the vulture. Parents send [their] children to school in 
 order that they may learn. Many praise others in order to be 
 praised by them {ille). 
 
 Eris threw a golden apple among the guests (convwa) in 
 order to excite discord, Agamemnon was-about-to-saorifice 
 his daughter to appease (pldoare) the anger of Diana. The 
 wolf put on a sheep's skin to keep from being recognized. The 
 soldier rent the coat {tunica) apart (discindere) in order to 
 show {ostendere) his scars {ciedtrix) on the breast. 
 
 109. Rogo tB ut proflciscaris, / beg you to set out. 
 Rogo tB nB proflciscaris, I beg you not to set out. 
 
 The mouse exerted itself {pperam dare) to set the lion free. 
 We beg you to show us the way. The father exhorts [his] 
 sons to be harmonious {concors, rdis). The generals gave 
 instructions {praecipere) that the gates of the town should be 
 shut. The father reminded (admonere) the son to get up early 
 {mane). Menenius Agrippa induced {commovere) the com- 
 mons to return to {in) the city. 
 
 The priest Laocoon exhorted the Trojans not to draw the 
 wooden horse into the city. Beware {cavere) of falling 
 {incidere) into the snare [pi.]. Be sure {oicrdre) to be at Rome 
 in the month [of] January. I beg of you to dine {coenare) with 
 me. Tou bring me {adduoere) to agree {assentlri, Dat.) with 
 you. The general admonishes [his] lieutenant {legattis) to be- 
 ware of getting into an engagement {proelium inlre). 
 
SENTENCES OF TENDENCY AND EESUXT. 65 
 
 XIi. Sentences of Tendency and Result. 
 G. 553 foil. ; A. 65 ; A. & S. 262 ; B. 1318; H. 494. 
 
 110. Jiippiter furSrem taurO injeclt nt flammas vomeret, 
 Jupiter enraged the bull so that Tie vomited flames. 
 
 Tanta ti'anquillitas exstitit ut navBs ex locO movSil nOn possent, 
 Tfwre came so great a calm that the ships could not (be) move{d) from 
 the spot. 
 
 1. The lion divided the booty (praeda) in such a way that 
 he himself received all the shares {pars), his partners (socu) 
 nothing. The roar of the lion was such [= so great] that it 
 could be heard from a great distance (e longinquo). The teeth 
 of mice are so (tarn) sharp that they easily gnaw through cords 
 (laquetis). The ass, which had put on the lion's skin, fright- 
 ened the animals to-such-a-degree* that they sought safety in 
 [= by] flight. The storm was so violent (tantus) that the 
 ships were carried (^deferre) out of (de) [their] course. Seneca's 
 memory was so strong (tantus) that he repeated (recitare) two 
 thousand verses {versus, us). The doves which Zeuxis had 
 painted were so-well-done (talis) that the birds were deceived. 
 
 2. The faithfulness of the dog was such that he did not go 
 away (discede^e) from the corpse of [his] master. The infant 
 Hercules was so strong (validus) that he killed two snakes with 
 [his] two hands. A huge rock was hanging over {impendere 
 with Bat. ) Tantalus, so that he was always in fear. Oenomaus 
 had very-swift horses, so that he easily outstripped {superare) 
 the suitors (procus) of [his] daughter in [Abl.] the race (cursus). 
 The Trojans kept (se continue) within the walls (moenia), so 
 that a pitched battle was not fought (acie pugnatur) until the 
 tenth year [= in the tenth year at length, demum'\. Poets are 
 BO (ita) charming {dulois) that they are not only {modo) read 
 but even (etiam) learned by heart (ediscere). 
 
 XLI. Miscellaneous Examples. 
 Accusative and Infinitive. — Sentences of Design and Result. 
 
 111. 1. The grapes were hanging so high that the fox could 
 not reach them : and so he said that the grapes were sour 
 
 * adeS 
 
66 ABLATIVB ABSOLTTTE. 
 
 (amarus). I do not agree with (assetidrl, with Dat.) those 
 who set forth (disserere) that the soul [pi.] perishes at the 
 same time (simul) with the body [pi.], and that everything is 
 annihilated {delere) by death. I beg that you do not let-yonr- 
 courage-fail {animum demittere). Pylades said that he was 
 Orestes that he might die for his friend. We see that the 
 moon is occasionally {interdum) eclipsed {obscUrare) by the 
 sun. We have heard that the fields were laid waste {vastare) 
 by the enemy. So great was the bravery of the enemy [pi] 
 that none ran, but all were killed fighting. Many undergo 
 (suhlre) all dangers that they may attain {assequl) fame. 
 
 2. The shamelessnesB (impudentia) of the fellow (homo) is 
 so great that he would rather beg (mendlcare) than work. We 
 perceive by the touch (taetics) that ice {glaoies, el) is cold 
 \gelidus) ; that stones are hard. Return home that you may 
 not lose your property {res familiaris). Write distinctly {dia- 
 tincte) that I may be able to read thy letter. 
 
 ZLII. Ablative Absolute. 
 
 G. 408 foil. 668 foil. ; A. 54, 10, 5 ; A. & S. 257 ; B. 965 ; H. 431. 
 
 112. Xerxe regnante = Quum XerxBs regnSiet, 
 
 Xerxes reigning. When Xerxes was reigning. In the reign of Xerxes. 
 
 Xerxe yicto =: Quum XerxEs victus esset, 
 
 Xerxes being, Twrnng ieen, defeated. When Xerxes had been defeated. 
 
 After tlie defeat of Xerxes. 
 Xerxe rSge = Quum Xerxes rex esset, 
 Xerxes [being] king. When Xerxes was king. 
 
 Mllites trSnseunt, rege sedente in sollo, 
 
 TJie soldiers pass by [wbile] the king [is] sitting on [his] throne. 
 
 TJrbe expugnata imperator rediit, 
 
 Passivb Form : The city [being] taken, after the city was taken, the 
 
 general returned. 
 
 Active Fokm : Having taken the dty, after he liad taken the city, tJie 
 
 general returned. 
 Abstkact Form : After the taking of the eity. After taking tJie city. 
 
ABLATIVBl ABSOLTJTB. 67 
 
 113. 1 Tantalus stood in the midst of the water {281, R.), 
 ■while apples were hanging over (super) his head. Those who 
 are afraid turn pale {pallescere), because the blood goes down 
 {d&scendere) from the face (os). After the kings were banished 
 consuls were chosen at Rome. Demosthenes told a story 
 (fabula) in court {judicium) to make the judges [= that they 
 might be] attentive. When all were listening {auscultare), he 
 went off suddenly. Once-upon-a-time {oHm), although the 
 rest of the city had been taken by the Gauls {Gallus), never- 
 theless {tamen) the Romans kept possession of {retinere) the 
 citadel. As the murderers {percussores) of [his] master 
 were passing by, the dog rushed forth {procurrere) in a rage 
 {fur 6ns). 
 
 2. After Hercules had killed the lion, he took off {detrahere) 
 the skin. After I had read thy letter, I at once had a talk 
 {colloqui) with thy brother. The mouse, having heard the roar 
 {frem,itrMs)-oi the lion, ran up. Loosening [= having loosened] 
 the snares {laqueus), it set the lion free. After Darius had got 
 up {parare) great forces, he waged war on {bellum inferre, with 
 Dat.) the Scythians {Scytha). Phrixus having sacrificed the 
 ram, hanged up {sitspendere) the fleece on {de) an oak in the 
 sanctuary {fdnuni) of Mars. After Jason had taken {tollere) 
 the fleece from the sanctuary, he fled back {refugere) to [his] 
 native-land. 
 
 3. At the arrival {advenire) of the Persians, the Greeks 
 occupied Thermopylae. After overcoming the Persians, the 
 Athenians restored {restituere) the walls. After losing {amit- 
 tere) [their] camp, the Persians fled to [their] ships. After the 
 expulsion (pello) of the royal family [= kings], Brutus and 
 Collatinus were made consuls. Immediately after receiving 
 {accipere) thy letter I set out. After murdering his motner, 
 Orestes fled, driven {agitare) by the Furies. We set out 
 from Rome at sunrise {orm), and hastened {accelerare) our 
 journey so that we came to Girceji at sunset {occidere). Jason, 
 with the help of {adjuvdre or adjatrix) Medea, accomplished 
 
68 DOUBLE ACCUSATTVB. 
 
 everything that Aeetes had imposed on him (imperdre aliquid 
 alicui). Paris carried Helen off at the instigation (tnstigdre) 
 of Venus. 
 
 XLin. Double Accusative. 
 G. 333 ; A. 52, 2 ; A. & S. 230 foil. ; B. 734 ; H. 874. 
 
 114. Orare (rogSre) aliqiiem aliquid, to beg a man for a iMng, 
 
 interrogSre aliquem aliquid, to ask a man a question. 
 
 ds aliqua re, to ask about a thing. 
 poscere (flagitSre) aliquem aliquid, 
 
 ) aliquem aliquid, ) , . . 
 
 ab aliquO aliquid, \^ ^"^""^ « ''""^ "f"' '"*"• 
 
 postulare (peters) ab aliquO aliquid, to ask a man for a thing. 
 quaerere ex (ab, dE) aliquO aliquid, to ask a man aMut a thing. 
 
 115. Many men beg the gods for riches. We ought {d^ere) 
 not to beg [our] friends for shameful, things. I ask this benefit 
 of you with perfect (meus, § 299 R.) right. The father asked 
 [his] son [his] opinion. What? If I ask (236 R. 2) a question of 
 you, will you not (§ 457) answer ? The proconsul demanded 
 money of the authorities {magistrdtus) of the city. Darius 
 demanded earth and water of the Scythians. They sent [him] 
 a bird, a frog, [and] a mouse. Imitate these little animals 
 {hestiola), said the ambassadors, if you wish to escape (effugere) 
 destruction {inter itiis). Beg thy mother ['s] pardon. Before 
 the battle of Marathon {Marathdnius) the Athenians asked the 
 Lacedaemonians for help. The boy asked [his] teacher about 
 the contents {argumentum) of the book. I ask your advice as 
 {ut) I usually do (soleo). 
 
 Accusative of Extent : G. 335-8 ; A. 55 ; A. & S. 236 ; B. 958, 950 ; H. 870. 
 
 116. The wall is five hundred feet long. The tower is one 
 hundred and eighty-nine feet high. We were (Perf.) two hours 
 together (una). The soldiers were kept back (retinere) in the 
 harbor by storms [for] many months. I am with him whole 
 days and often (saepe) a part of the night. Appius Claudius was 
 blind for many years. The Greeks besieged Troy ten years. 
 The Spartans preserved their customs and laws seven huu' 
 dred years. Cato [was] ninety-five years old [when he] de- 
 
PEEPOSITIONS WITH THE ACCUSATIVE. 69 
 
 parted (excedere) [this] life (AbL). Alexander [was] twenty- 
 one years old [when he] became king. There was a certain 
 Arganthonius at Cadiz ( Gades, ium) who reigned eighty and 
 lived one hundred and twenty years. He has been teaching 
 (§ 29) by this time {jam) above seven years [= the eighth 
 ■year]. He has been reigning going on thirty-one years. 
 
 XLIV. Prepositions with the Accusative. 
 G. 417 ; A. 56 ; A. & S. 335 ; B. 981 ; H. 433. 
 117. Among {apud) the Greeks geometry was in the highest 
 honor. The river Eurotas flows past Sparta. Nothing delays 
 (mordrl) our journey except the storm. Besides thee no one 
 feels my pain. This happens contrary to my wish and contrary 
 to [= aside from] expectation (opmio). The command in 
 chief {summum imperium) was in the hands of {penes) Aga- 
 memnon {Gen:, dnis). The earth revolves {se convertere) 
 around its axis with the greatest speed. Naevius sent 
 {dtmittere) the boys round-among {circum) [his] friends. 
 There were temples round about the forum. The armies are 
 marching towards {ad — versus) the ocean. We sailed south- 
 ward [south = meridies]. We have love and kindly feeling 
 {benivolentia) towards friends. The soldiers fought bravely 
 against the enemy. The Romans called the land this side the 
 Alps Cisalpine Gaul ( Gallia), the land beyond the Alps, Trans- 
 alpine [Gaul]. The timid proconsul did not set {efferre) [his], 
 foot out of (§ 388) the gate so long as (§ 571) the enemy was 
 this side of the Euphrates. There is a sanctuary {farmjjim) in the 
 field hard by {propter) the town. On account of the snow Mount 
 Taurus can not be passed before the month of June {Junius). 
 The dangers of navigation were so great that death often 
 stared us in the face {versar% oh ooulos) ; therefore I will return 
 by land {pedibus). The Greeks had their camp along {secun- 
 dum) the sea [shore]. The legion marched {iter facere) along 
 the river. Hold what [^Z.] is according to nature ; reject what 
 is contrary to nature. Enemies are within the walls and with- 
 out the walls. Without [= outside of] the gate there is a 
 
70 DATIVB. 
 
 temple. We are talking with one another (212). The hoys 
 love one another. I dictated this letter to my clerk [while] at 
 (inter) dinner. In the midst of arms laws are silent. Between 
 the Lydians and the Persians {JPersa) ran (esse) the Halys. 
 The general pitched {ponere) [his] camp hard .by (juxta) the 
 wall. The Athenians brought the lonians {Jones) help against 
 the Persians. Sardanapalus sat among the women, and distri- 
 buted the wool among them. There is a great difference {dis- 
 crltnen) between a bold and a rash (temerarius) man. I cannot 
 lielieve that you will go across the sea. 
 
 ZLV. Dative. 
 
 G-. 343 foil. ; A. 51 ; A. & S. 223 ; B. 814 ; H. 383. 
 
 118. This business is too (nimis) difficult for thee. We are not 
 on earth to live merely (tantum) for ourselves (nos). To the 
 husbandmen peace (otium) is very desirable (optdtus). To 
 the unhappy man, time is very long ; to the happy man, very 
 short. In the lower world {apicd inferos) punishments are in 
 readiness (paratus) for the impious. That cry {vdx),'"I am a 
 Roman citizen," has brought to many, in the most distant [ulti- 
 mus) lands, help (ops) and salvation. I beg you to care for 
 (servire) your health. Nothing is difficult for a man in-love 
 (amdns). Perseus cut off [abscldere) the dragon's head for 
 him. The girl snatched (eripere) the apples from the boy 
 [= the boy's apples from him]. The tailor (sartor) will get his 
 head broken (comminuere). I will send you a letter. I will 
 send a letter to you. It is honorable (decorum) to undergo 
 death for [one's] parents. 
 
 G. 344 ; A. 51, 3 ; A. & S. 333, R. 3 ; B. 831 ; H. 885. 
 
 119. Your friends favor (favere) you. The king will not favor 
 the flatterer (assentator). My brother has not favored my 
 interests (res). The prince favored the arts. I study literature 
 (literae). My brother devotes himself to (studere) agriculture. 
 Be zealous for virtue. The Athenians are fond of (studere) 
 
DATTVB. 71 
 
 revolution {res novae). I have long {diu) devoted myself 
 to this art. The had are wont to depreciate (obirectare) the 
 praise of the good. The good man (probus) envies fiohody. 
 Men are most {maxime) envious of [their] equals (par) or 
 [their] inferiors. The bad are envious of the praise of the 
 good. I will supplicate the king for thee. You will not per- 
 suade me. Ino persuaded Athamas ( Gen. Athamantis) to sac- 
 rifice the children. Themistocles persuaded Xerxes to return 
 home quickly. Spare me ! I beg you on my knees {suppli- 
 care). Codrus spared not his life that he might provide for 
 (cdnsulere) his native-land. The bad are often spared by the 
 good (208). When the enemy had carried (expuffnare) the 
 city, they spared neither old men nor women nor little chil- 
 dren [= not old men, not women, not little children]. Clytaem- 
 nestra had married Aegisthus. The physician (medicus) heals 
 diseases. I beg you to cure me. Cicero wished (cupere) to 
 heal civil discord. 
 
 120. Thou art acting as becomes thee. It is becoming to a 
 youth to be unassuming (verecundus). It is unbecoming {de- 
 decet) to a philosopher to do anything (§ 304) for ( Gen.) which 
 he can {Subj., § 633) give no reason. Philip the Fifth of Mace- 
 don {Adj.) was more satirical {dicdx) than is seemly for a king. 
 Credit usually fails men, when money fails [them]. {Abl. Abs.) 
 Peace has-its-charms {juvare) for some {alii), war for others 
 {alii). No one has ever come up to {aequdre) Dionysius in cru- 
 elty [ =: the cruelty of Dionysius]. 
 
 G. 846 ; A. 51, 2 ; A. & S. 234; B. 836 ; H. 386. 
 
 121. I have always stood by {adesse) the king in his absence 
 (§ 324, R. 6). The infant crept up {adrepere ad) the breast 
 {mamma) of [his] mother [as she was] dying. Cicero excelled 
 {antecedo) [his] contemporaries {aequalis) in {Abl.) eloquence.- 
 The virgin dares {audere) to come into conflict with {concurrere) 
 men. The countenance of Domitius did not tally {cdnsentire, 
 § 346, R. 1) with his talk {oratio). The whole discourse is con- 
 sistent with {cdnstare) itself, and tallies with itself (§ 298) in 
 {ex) every part. The patricians were compelled {cogere ut) to 
 
73 DATITK. 
 
 share {communioare) [their] honors with the plebeians. The 
 orator pressed the accuser (accusator) hard (tnstare, press 
 hard). It is a bad thing to fall into {incidere) the hands of 
 ■wicked [improbus) men. Sulla said that there were {inesse) 
 many Mariuses in Caesar. The ploughman bends {incumhere) 
 over [his] plough. Great [is the] danger [that] threatens 
 {immmere) us. Night interrupted {intervenire) the engage- 
 ment. What is the use (^quid juvat) of running to meet 
 (occurrere) suffering (dolor) [half-way] ? He said that [his] 
 modesty (pudor) interfered with {obesse) [his] flow-of-language 
 (oratio). It is hard to preserve fairness {aequitas) when you 
 desire [Perf. Subj.) to excel (praestctre) all. Dolabella suc- 
 ceeded (succedere) you so soon (tarn cito) that many people 
 abused [vituperare) him soundly (valde). The general exhorted 
 the soldiers to move up {succedere) into the fight. If you 
 hasten (234, R. 1), you will surprise (supervenlre) the enemy. 
 
 Or. 349 ; A. 51, 8 ; A. & S. 236 ; B. 831 ; H. 887. 
 
 122. My father has many sons and [only] one daughter. I 
 have this book always in hand [p?.]. Men have a certain likeness 
 to {cum) God. An obliging {officiosus) man has many friends. 
 You will have the first place in the school {ludus). Socrates 
 had great wisdom. Themistocles had extraordinary {incredi- 
 hilis) readiness of invention {sollertia ingenii). My name is 
 Lucius. Her name is Tulliola. 
 
 G. 350 ; A. 51, 5 ; A. & S. 337 ; B. 848 ; H. 390. 
 
 123. Avarice is of great harm to men. Thy state-of-health 
 {valetudo) is a source of great anxiety {solUcitudo) to me. 
 Tour recommendation {oommenddtio) will be of great use to 
 me. This thing is a great pleasure to me. Thy interests {res) 
 
 ■ are very near {ourae) to me. I have this duty at heart {cordi). 
 We beg you to come to our help. The Plataeans {Plataetnses) 
 sent the Athenians a thousand men as reinforcement [s] {auxi- 
 lium). Thy rescue is not [a matter] of greater concern to yoa 
 than [it is] to me. In many things the faithfulness and fore- 
 sight of slaves have been of great use. 
 
COifSTEUCTION OF ADJECTIVES. — GENITIVE WITH SUBSTANTIVES. 73 
 
 XL VI. Constructiou of Sundry Adjectives. 
 
 G. 356, 373 ; A. 61, 6, 54, 5; A. & S. 323, R. 3. 313, R 5 (3), 344 ; B. 863, 
 
 8S7, 919 ; H. 391, 399, 419. 
 124. 
 
 idoneus, suitable. refertus, 
 
 aequSlis, eontemporwry. vacuus, 
 
 contrarius, opposite. frBtus, trusting. 
 
 proprius, own, peculiar. praeditus, endowed. 
 
 commtlnis, common. contentus, content. 
 
 dignus, indignus, worthy, unworthy, aliBnus, foreign, averse. 
 
 125. Horses are useful for war. The general picked out {delir 
 gere) a suitable place for the camp. As {ut) a shore without a 
 harbor cannot be safe {tutus) for ships, so {sic) a heart {animus) 
 without fidelity cannot be stable {staMlis) for friends. 
 
 126. Wolves are like dogs. Monkeys {simia) are like men. 
 Death is very like sleep. Charles the Twelfth wished {velle) to 
 be like Alexander. I am of the same age {aequdlis) as thy 
 brother. Vice is the opposite of virtue. Bravery is especially 
 {maxime) peculiar to men. In a proverb of the Greeks it is 
 said {est) that all things are common to friends. 
 
 127. Only {tantum) few are deserving of praise. The city was 
 surrendered to Caesar empty of [its] garrison {praesidium), 
 [but] filled with stores {copiae). Thou art free {vacuus) from 
 faults. We are free {liber) from all mental excitement {animi 
 perturbdtio). The deeds {res gestae) of the general deserve a 
 triumph {triumphus). To wail {lamentari) is unworthy of 
 a man. Thou hast {esse), Marcus TuUi us, children and relations 
 worthy of thee. Relying {fretus) on thy help, we have under- 
 taken {susoipere) this business. A bad man is never free 
 {vacuus) from fear. Fraud is foreign to a good man. 
 
 XL VII. Genitive with Substantives. 
 
 G. 357 ; A. 50; A. & S. 3li ; B. 751 ; H. 393. 
 
 (In English, other prepositions besides of are often used to express the 
 Genitive relation.) 
 
 128. Many sought participation (societds) in the emigration 
 
 4 
 
74 GENITIVE. 
 
 {demigratio). Sleep is a refuge {perfugium) from all toils 
 and cares {sollicitudo). You cannot escape punishment for 
 this fault {culpa). We will have consideration (raiio) /or thee 
 and thine. Know that thy grandmother is almost dead of 
 (Abl.) longing {desiderium) for tYiee. 
 
 G. 366 foil. ; A. .^0, 3 ; A. & S. 313 ; B. 748 ; H. 396, III. 
 
 129. The number of the enemy and the great quantity (vis) of 
 missiles {telum) did not frighten off (absterrere) Alexander [not 
 the number. .. not the great quantity]. The conquered paid 
 (pendere) a great amount (pondus) of gold and silver. In the 
 provinces of the Roman Empire there was a great number of 
 Roman citizens. 
 
 130. Five hundred soldiers were in the city. But two hundred 
 of the soldiers were wounded. Only (tantum) a few of the 
 scholars are lazy. Many Romans had one thousand slaves ; 
 some had three thousand slaves ; the richest as many as [= even] 
 thirty thousand slaves. Many of those trees were set out {sero, 
 sevl, satum) by my hand. Tarquinius Superbus was the 
 seventh and (atgue) last of the kings of Rome (Adj.). Forty 
 of us are bound (astringere) by an oath (jUs jurandum). Which 
 of us will bell the oat (annectere tintinnabulum, with Dat.) ? 
 To which of these boys did you give the letter ? Two boys 
 spoke at the same time (simut). Which of them answered 
 correctly (recte) ? Which of you will help the unfortunate 
 man ? No mortal is happy at all hours. Which of (inter) all 
 the orators was more eloquent than Demosthenes ? Does not 
 another example occur to each one (unus quisque) of you ? 
 Tarquin had two sons, one of whom was like [his] father; the 
 other was of a milder disposition (ingenium). The soul (ani- 
 mus) is divided (distribuere) into two parts, one of which 
 partakes of (participem esse) reason, the other does not (exper- 
 tem esse). 
 
 131. Alexander sent his older (senior) soldiers back to [their J 
 country. 'Of all the Greeks the bravest were the Lacedae- 
 monians. Athens had many orators, of whom the most 
 
GENITIVE "WITH ADJECTIVES. 
 
 75 
 
 emineiit (praestans) was Demosthenes. We believe that our 
 better part is immortal. 
 
 132. Of those who have held absolute-authority (dominatus) 
 the most prominent (excellens) have been among the Persians, 
 Gyrus and Darius, the son of Hystaspes, each [uterque) of whom 
 obtained the throne [regnum) by merit (virtus). The first of 
 them fell in the land of {apud) the Massagetae in an engage- 
 ment ; Darius died (supremum diem oblre) of (Abl.) old age. 
 There are three besides of the same family (genus), Xerxes and 
 two Artaxerxes. Of the people (gSns) of the Macedonians two 
 distinguished themselves (excellere) by [their] achievements in 
 war (r&f gestae), Philip, the son of Amyntas, and Alexander 
 the Great ; of these one was carried oil" {cdnsumere) by sickness 
 at Babylon ; the other, Philip, was murdered by one Pausanias 
 wear the theatre at Aegae. 
 
 G. 372 ; A. 50, 1, i; A. & S. 247, R. 3 ; H. 414, 2, 3. 
 
 133. The avaricious do everything for the sake of money. The 
 universe was made for the sake of gods and men. Sailors are 
 wont to hasten (festmare) for the sake of gain {quaestus,iXs). 
 
 XLVIII. Genitive with Adjectives and Verbs. 
 
 A. OeniUm with Adjeefives: 
 
 134. VOCABTJLABY : 
 
 G. 373; A. 50, a, 5; A. & S. 313; B. 765; 
 H. 399. 
 
 plenus. 
 
 fuU. 
 
 memor. 
 
 mindful 
 
 cupidns, 
 
 eager. 
 
 immemor. 
 
 unmijidful. 
 
 avidus. 
 
 greedy. 
 
 particeps, ipis. 
 
 sharing in. 
 
 studiosus, 
 
 zealous of, devoted to. 
 
 expers, tis. 
 
 without share in. 
 
 Inscius, 
 
 ignorant. 
 
 compos, Otis, 
 
 in possession of. 
 
 perltus. 
 
 skilled. 
 
 inops, opis. 
 
 needy. 
 
 imperttus. 
 
 unskilled. 
 
 tenSx, 
 
 tenacious. 
 
 am^ns. 
 
 loving. 
 
 appetgas, 
 
 desirous. 
 
 133. The houses of the Greeks and Romans were full of the 
 most beautiful statues (signum) and paintings. The letter 
 which you wrote [-?^/".] on your birthday (dies natalis) was 
 full of good promise (spes). The proconsul was eager for gold. 
 
76 GENITlVJfi WITH ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Cicero was always very greedy of fame (laus). Boys are 
 devoted to ball (pila). Cato was very fond (perstudidsua) 
 of Greek literature in [his] old age. I am conscious of my 
 guilt (cilpa). Histiaeus was privy to the conspiracy. I have 
 made all my friends partakers of my pleasure. Thou hast been 
 a partaker of all my toils and dangers. The beasts have no 
 share in reason (ratio) and speech. A drunken (SMus) man is 
 not in possession of his mind. Miltiades was highly skilled in 
 war. I will be mindful of thy commission (mandatum). A 
 life without friends is full of treachery {tnsidiae) and fear. 
 You are greedier of fame than is enough. Cicero was very 
 much devoted to [amdns) Pompey. All who are in posses- 
 sion of virtue are happy. I envy [those-who-are] tenacious of 
 purpose (propositum). I know that you are not poor in words. 
 All hate the-man-that-is-unmindful of benefits 
 
 B. Genitive with Verbs: G. 375 foil. ; A. 50, 4; A. & S. 214 foil. ; B. 780; 
 
 H. 291 foil. 
 130. The father reminded his son of [his] duty. Remember 
 thy promise. Croesus remembered Solon when he was placed 
 {imponere, Fpf. Subj,) by Cyrus on the pile {rogus). Recol- 
 lect {reminiscl) the ancient (pristinus) virtue of [thy] fore- 
 fathers (majdres). I have not forgotten thy advice. Men 
 usually forget benefits more readily than insults. Do not for- 
 get my sufferings. 
 
 137. I am ashamed of my folly. I pity you. I am disgusted 
 (piffet) with flatterers (assentdtor). I am sorry for my angry 
 temper (Iracundia). Who is not weary of the long journey ? 
 There are [people] who are neither ashamed of their faults 
 [vitium),nor sorry [for them]. 
 
 138. Roscius of Araeria [Amermus) [was] accused of parricide 
 [parricldium) [but he] was acquitted of this charge [cnmen) 
 by the exertion [s] [opera) of Cicero. Socrates was accused 
 of impiety and condemned to death. Many of the judges 
 wished to acquit him of the capital charge {caput) and mulct 
 (multare) him in a [sum of] money. 
 
ABLATIVE (sEPARATIVB). 77 
 
 XLIX. Ablative (Separative). 
 
 Q. 388 ; A. 54, 1 ; A. & S. 251 ; B. 916 ; H. 425. 
 
 139. Vjcabulaby: 
 
 prlvSre, rob. abundare, abound, 
 
 spoliare, despoil. redundSre, overflow. 
 
 solvere, loosen, free. flOrere, flourish. 
 
 nudare, strip. vacare, be empty, free, 
 
 linplere, fM. carBre, do, be, loithoutk 
 
 orbare, heveame. egBre, need. 
 
 140. A heart-ache (aegrritudo) has rohhed me of sleep. I beg 
 you to free me from this annoyance (molestia). The soldiei 
 despoiled the prisoner of [his] clothes (vestUus) in order that 
 he might not himself he starved (cdnficere) with the cold 
 Tomyris filled a skin (uter, tris) with human blood, into whict 
 she threw the head of Cyrus. 
 
 The cellar (cello) of a good and energetic master is always 
 chokeful of wine and oil (olmm), and his house (villa) abounds 
 in milk, cheese [and § 483] honey. The bad are unhappy 
 even if (etsi) thej abound (Subj.) in pleasures. It is a great 
 consolation (sdlatium) to be free from fault. Nothing can be 
 honorable (honestus) that lacks (vaodre) justice. I can no 
 longer (diu) do without thy counsel and thy help. Thou dost 
 not need exhortation. 
 
 Thou hast freed the city from danger and the citizens {civitds) 
 from fear. Old age is free from those services (miinus) which 
 cannot be assumed (sicstinere) without strength. I was accused 
 of negligence, but I was free from blame. Very unfortunate 
 are [those] who lack (oar ere) the sense [pl.^ of sight (ocuM) 
 and of hearing {aures). Your friend does not need any 
 [re] commendation to (apud) m.e. Some are poor {inops) in 
 words ; some abound in words. If souls do not continue-to- 
 live {remanere), we are robbed of the hope of a more blessed 
 life. Priam is bereft of his whole progeny [progenies). Wis- 
 dom heals souls, frees from desires, banishes (pellere) fears. 
 The wise man does not need consolation ; for he will always 
 be free from heaviness-of-heart {aegritudo). 
 
78 ABLATIVE WITH SUNDRY VERBS. 
 
 Ij. Ablative with sundry Verbs. 
 Dtor, frnor, potior, rescor ; Q. 405 ; A. 64, 6, d; A.& S. 245 ; B. 880 ; 
 H. 419. [H. 419. 
 
 Laetor, glorior, confido ; G. 407; A. 54, 3; A. & S. 247, 1 (2) ; B. 873; 
 Dig-iior; Q. 398, R. 2 ; A. 54, 3, a; A. & S. 344, R. 1 ; H. 419. 
 mtor ; G. 403, R. 3 ; A. 54, 6 ; A. & S. 245, II, ; -B. 880 ; H. 419. 
 
 141. The old painters used but few (paiccl) colors. Thy 
 brother has persuaded me to follow (utl) thy advice. Pausanias 
 wore (utl) Median costume (vestis). Navigation was very 
 difficult, for we had (utl) head (adverstis) winds. Not for this 
 alone [= this one thing] hath man been born to (ut) enjoy 
 pleasures. 27iat is each man's {quisque) property (proprium) 
 that he (quisque) enjoys and uses. The Helots (JSelotae) per- 
 formed the offices (munus) of slaves. The citizens filled the 
 offices of state for nothing (gratis). Men in the earliest times 
 [= the most ancient men] lived on acorns. The wayfarer 
 threw himself flat (se prSsternere) on the ground (huml), re- 
 membering (quum) that bears did not feed on corpses. In the 
 cities of Ionia tyrants had made themselves masters of the 
 supreme-authority (imperium). Many rejoiced at the death of 
 Caesar. We rejoice in the recollection (recordatio) of past 
 (praeteritus) pleasures. Who can (Fut.) confide in strength 
 (firmitas) of body ? Who can boast of stability of fortune ? 
 The insolent fellow did not deign to speak to me or to look at 
 me (use: sermo, visus). The rule (dominatio) of the Greek 
 tyrants rested on (mtl) the royal-power (regnum) of Darius. 
 The shepherd feeds (pascere) the sheep leaning (278, B.) on 
 [his] staff. 
 
 I accept the excuse (excusatio) which you have profiered 
 (utX). The laws which the Athenians obeyed (utl), were given 
 by Solon. I have been on very intimate terms (familiaris- 
 eime uti) with thy brother. We shall avail ourselves (utl) of 
 thy help (opera) and thy advice. The Stoics said that all were 
 rich who could (Impf. iSubj.) enjoy sky and earth. Camels 
 (camelus) perform the services (ministeHum) of beasts-of- 
 draught (jumentum). Alexander made himself master of 
 the empire of the whole of Asia. The Pythagoreans (Pytha- 
 
PEEPOSITIONS WITH THE ABLATIVE, 79 
 
 goreus) were forbidden {interdleere, 208) to (we) eat beans (198, 
 R. 8). TJiere is nothing at which [ = at nothing] I am wont 
 to rejoice so much {tarn) as {qiiani) at the consciousness {eSn- 
 scientia) of the discharge-of-my-duties [officio). We stay our- 
 selves on thy advice and thy influence (auctoritas). The 
 Athenians boasted of their origin. We do not deem thee wor- 
 thy of such honor. 
 
 IjI, Prepositions with the Ablative. 
 
 G. 418 ; A. 56, a; A. & S. 195, 5 ; B. 982 ; H. 434. 
 
 142. The coldest {frigidus) winds are those which blow 
 {splrare) from the north (septentrio). I come from [my] 
 mother. The fear {inetus) of divine punishment {supplicium) 
 has recalled many from crime. Philoctetes received the arrows 
 from Hercules. You have devoted yourselves (studere) from 
 boyhood (pueritia) to the best branches of learning {disci- 
 pllnd) and to the best accomplishments {ars). From [my] 
 earliest youth {ini&ns aetds) I have been on very intimate terms 
 with G^jus Curtius. Rome was founded by Romulus. Greece 
 was saved by Themistocles. The souls of dying [men] fly 
 (evoldre) from the bonds {vinculum) of the body, as if {tarn- 
 quam) from a prison {career). The water runs down {deldbl) 
 from either side {pars) of the roof In [= out of] all the 
 ages {saeculum) there are scarcely {vix) three or four pairs 
 {par, Neut.) of friends mentioned-by-name {nomindre). From 
 this day on {ex) I will be good. The conquered enemies sent 
 a commissioner {legdtiis) to treat {agere) for [concerning] 
 peace. The sailor has leaped down from the ship, and is stand- 
 ing up to [his] neck in water. What do you think of this 
 piece-of writing {scriptum) ? The exiles {exsul) wandered about 
 {vagdri) with [their] wives and children. He came from the 
 harbor with a lantern {Idterna). We will speak {colloqui) with 
 your father about this matter. Cyrus carried on war with the 
 Scythians. The Greeks had {esse) a struggle {certamen) with 
 the Persians for [their] altars and hearth [stone] s {focns) and 
 for the temples of the gods. Pylades wished to die for Orestes. 
 
80 PREPOSITIONS WITH ACCtTSATIVE AKD ABLATIVB. 
 
 The herdsman drives (agere) the herd (armenfa, pi) before 
 {prae) him. My (Dat.) tears start forth (praesitlre) for {prae) 
 gladness (laetitia). He could not speak for sorrow (maeror). 
 The Scythians make use of wagons [plaustrum) instead of 
 houses. I cannot write the rest (neut. pi.) for tears. Soon 
 you will swim without a cork (cortex.) 
 
 UL Prepositions with Accusative and Ablative. 
 
 G. 419 ; A. 56, 1, c, d; A. & S. 195-6 ; B. 987 ; H. 435. 
 
 143. I have not changed my plan, and will not change [it] 
 if you are of (in) the same opinion. Tears dry (drescere) 
 Boon, especially (praesertim) in-the-case-of (in) others' (Adj.) 
 
 ■ Bufferings (malum). A certain kind of hares, which we call 
 (I'ass.) coneys (cutiioulu^), burrow [= make passages, cunicu- 
 lus] under the earth in order to lie hid (latere). Often there is 
 wisdom under a dirty (sordidus) cloak (palliolum). Miltiades 
 proceeded (prqficisci) with a picked (deligere) force (manus) 
 to Lemnos (LSmnus) in order to reduce (redigere) that island 
 under the rule of the Athenians. Over the funeral-mound 
 (tumulus) they set up (statuere) a little-column (columella). To 
 him who lias hanging over his neck [= over the neck to whom] 
 a drawn (dSstricius) sword, the songs of birds and [the music] 
 of the cithern (cithara) will not bring back sleep. 
 
 liUI. Miscellaneous Prepositions. 
 
 144. We are walking between very tall poplars (populus) on a 
 green (viridis) and shady (opdcus) bank. We have taken a 
 seat (cdnsidere) on the little meadow (pratulum) by the statue 
 of Plato. Man (pi.) can make use of the animals for his service 
 (utilitds) without injustice. A fight had been started (oriri) 
 between the two dogs over a bone which they had found. 
 
 The skin (cutis) is drawn (inducere) over the bone and the 
 flesh. The innocent man can live even within the door (ostiicm) 
 and the threshold (limen) of the prison without pain and 
 toi-ture (cruciatus). I am accused by thee, without ground, of 
 
INFINITIVE AND GEEtTND. 81 
 
 sending (missio) letters. Hast thou never observed (animad- 
 vertere) in the clouds the form of a lion or a Hippocentaur? 
 He had one wreath on [his] head, another on [his] neck. The 
 race of man was in the beginning scattered in mountains and 
 woods, afterwards (posted) they surrounded (sepire) themselves 
 with cities and walls {moenia). Nothing can be done against 
 force [ols) without force. Before the door of the royal palace 
 there was seized (dSprehendere) a man with a dagger. The 
 hunter has pierced {percutere) the huge boar with a spear 
 (venabulum). 
 
 Some (alius) of the members seem to have been given by 
 nature on account of their use, as (ttt) the hands, the legs, the 
 feet ; but {autem, § 486) others for (propter) no use [but] as it 
 were, (quasi) for (ad) a certain ornament (ornatus), as [for 
 instance] the tail (cayda) to the peacock, the changeable 
 (versicolor) feathers (pluma) to the doves, to men the beard. 
 
 Frightened by the greatness of the storm, all forsook the 
 ship ; they embarked (cdnscendere) on a skifi' (scapha) except 
 one sick man, who on account (propter) of [his] sickness could 
 not come out (exire) and flee. By an accident (casus) the 
 vessel was driven (deferre) uninjured (incolumis) into a harbor. 
 
 LIV. Infinitive and Gerund. 
 G. 420-6 ; 1. 57, 8, 73 ; A. & S. 375 ; B. 1147 3. 1319 ff. ; H. 548 ff, 559 ff. 
 145. To be free (vacdre) from blame (culpa) is a great 
 comfort. It is a virtue to flee from vice. We often wished to 
 see this day. Leonidas (Leonidds) determined (cdnstituere) 
 to resist the Persians at Thermopylae. The king made the 
 resolution (cdnsilium oapere) to flee. Many do harm without 
 the wish to do harm. Avaricious men are tortured (crucidre) 
 not only by the desire of making (pardre) but also by the 
 fear of losing (dmittere). Wisdom is the art of living well and 
 happily. To read there is always an opportunity (occdsio), to 
 hear not always. It is very (per) useful to be skilful in swim- 
 ming (natdre), Man is by nature inclined (propSnsus) to learn. 
 As (ut) the horse [is made] for running, the ox for ploughing, the 
 
82 GERUNDIVE. — COPULATIVE VERBS. 
 
 dog for tracking {indagare), so man is made [ndtus) for two 
 things : perceiving {iiitelligere) and acting [agere). The mind of 
 man is nourished by learning and thinking. This is not the 
 place for jesting (jocarl). We made au end of walking. 
 
 IiV. Gerundive. 
 G. 343 ; A. 73, 2 ; A. & S. 275 ; B. 1304 ; H. 66a. 
 
 146. Some device {artificium) or other must be got up (excogi- 
 tare). One must die bravely for [one's] country. We must pray 
 (optdre) that there be a healthy mind in a healthy body. These 
 vocabularies (vocdbulum) are to be learned. Not many [books] 
 but good books are to be read. Thou art to read a good book. 
 Often (saepius) lesser pains are to be undergone (suscipere) in 
 order that we may escape. a greater. You are to undergo this 
 pain in order to escape a greater one. We must all die. Hidden 
 {occultv^s) enmities are more to be feared than open {apertus). 
 Each one {quisque) has his own burden to bear [ferre). In 
 playing, a certain limit {modus) is to be observed (retinere). 
 We ought not to do anything without reflection (ratio). You 
 must not listen to a flatterer (assentdtor). If you wish to do 
 away with (tollere) avarice, you must do away with its mother, 
 luxury. In all things diligence must be used [adhibere), I 
 perceive (sent'tre) that I have to fight with a brave and stead- 
 fast man. Regard must be had [ratidnem habere) for ( Gen.) 
 [one's] health. 
 
 LVI. Copulative Verbs. 
 
 G. t97; A. 46, 2; A. & S. 210, R. 3 ; B. 667; H. 363, 3. 
 
 147. The thing is useful. The thing seems useful. You are 
 timid. You seem timid. You have seemed to be deserving of 
 praise. Everything (plural) sudden (repentmus) seems more 
 important (gravis). All their plans seem to me full of foresight. 
 The stars appear (appdrere) smaller than they are. The army 
 remained uninjured. The Scythians always remained uncon- 
 quered. Nobody became good by chance (cdsus). By habit 
 labors become easier. The slave when (quum, Tnd.) he is man- 
 
TWO ACCUSATIVES. 83 
 
 nmitted {manu mittere) becomes a freedman {llhertihus). My 
 brother has bought a farm [praediurn) and become a couatry- 
 man. Some dreams {somnium) turn out true. Brutus became 
 {exsistere) a champion (vindex) of freedom. 
 
 Tyrants are made more insolent by the long duration 
 {diuturnitas) of their power (polestds). Darius was made king 
 of the Persians by the neighing (hinnitus) of a horse. After 
 Romulus, Numa Pompilius was chosen king. Servius Tullius 
 was declared king with great unanimity (odnstnsus), 
 
 148. The primitive [priscus) Romans were considered {habere) 
 robbers and semi-barbarians {semibarbwn). The rose is con- 
 sidered the most beautiful flower. The Dalmatians {Dalmata) 
 have always been considered warlike (belUadsus). He is to b^ 
 deemed (existimdre) free, who is a slave to {servire) no disgrace- 
 ful vice (turpitudo). Socrates is deservedly (jure) called (dloere) 
 the father (parSns) of philosophy. No one can be called happy 
 before, death. Cicero was called (appella/re) father of [his] 
 country. Romulus was called (vocdre) after death Quiilnus. 
 Jason collected an army of heroes {vir fortissimus) who have 
 been named [nomindre) Argonauts {Argonauta). Among the 
 renowned {ille) seven, who were considered wise and called 
 wise, were Thales of Miletus (MUesius) and Solon of Athens 
 (AtheniSnsis). Among (apud) the Spartans those who filled 
 {gerere) the most dignified (amplus) office of state (magistrdtics) 
 were called, as they were (ui erant sic etiam), old men. 
 
 IiVII. Two Accusatives. 
 G. 334; A. 46; A. & S. 230; B. 715 ; H. 373. 
 
 149. Old age makes you morose. This circumstance (res) 
 makes the master daily {quofidie) milder. The Euphrates 
 makes (efficere) Mesopotamia fruitful. Familiarity with 
 (cdnsueticdo) labor makes the endurance (perpessio) of labor 
 easier. Desire makes (reddere) people blind. After Romulus 
 the Romans chose Numa Pompilius king. The boys had 
 selected (deligere) Cyrus as [their] king. Many thought 
 
84 PEEDICATIVE ATTEIBUTION AND APPOSinOlf. 
 
 Croesus the most fortunate. I considered thee safe (salvus). 
 I cannot call (dlcere) myself restored (recredtus). The Romans 
 called Cicero father of [his] country. The oracle of Apollo 
 declared Socrates the wisest of men (omnes). Solon called no 
 one happy before death. Croesus thought (arbitrdrt) himself 
 the happiest man on account of his riches. 
 
 A mind (animus) free (vacuiis) from excitements (perturbdiio) 
 will make you happy. Attains, king of Pergamum, made by 
 will {testdnientum) the Roman people [his] heir. The enemy 
 (pi.) made the province insecure {tnfestus) by incursions 
 (excursio) and raids (latrdcinium). The best mode (ratio) of 
 life should [= is to] be chosen (eligere) : habit (cSnsuetudo) will 
 make it agreeable. The Persians thought the sun the only 
 god. He who is always in want (egere) we may consider 
 (existimdre) avaricious. We call Socrates justly the father of 
 philosophy. The timid [man] calls (vocdre) himself prudent, 
 the mean [man] (sordidus) [calls himself] economical (parens). 
 When the supreme power of the State (summa omnium rerum) 
 is in the hands (penes) of one [man], we call that one a king, 
 and the condition (status) of such a (is, ea, id ) state, a kingdom. 
 He who has usurped power (potestds) by violence is called tyrant. 
 
 IiVHL Predicative Attribution and Apposition. 
 
 Q. 334; A. 46, 3; 47,6; A. & S. 210; B. 663: H. 441. 
 150. No one is born rich. The sailors escaped (effuger^ the 
 violence (ms) of the storm and arrived in harbor unscathed 
 (incolumis, or salvus). From those bloody (cruentus, or atrdx) 
 engagements scarcely (Titx) the generals escaped alive {vlvus). 
 In India, when the husband dies (perf.) the wife (plural) is put 
 on the funeral pile alive. If you love me (dUigere), my sister, 
 do (efficere ut) get [= be] well, and come to us as soon as possible 
 (quampnmum) well and strong. Leaving (quum, § 586) Ephc- 
 Bus, he fell (incidere) into a sickness, from (ex) which he did not 
 recover (convalSscere) : he came to Corcyra sick ; [and] there he 
 died. Antaeus took fresh strength (vires resumere) from hia 
 mother earth and rose again (resurgere) stronger. You will be 
 
PEBDICATIVB ATTEIBUTION AJiD APPOSITION. 85 
 
 dear and welcome to all when you come [= you will come to 
 all dear and welcome] (exspectdtus). See to it (curare), dear 
 mother, that you come as soon as possible ; you will be welcome 
 to all. Cato [was] eighty-five years old [when he] departed 
 (excedere) [this] life. [My] daughter [was] twenty years old 
 [when she] departed [this] life {Abl.). 
 
 151. In our boyhood [= as boys] we read the lives of Cor- 
 nelius Nepos. Cato learned Greek ( Qraecae llterae) in his old 
 age. I came to school first of all. Aeneas was the only one 
 that escaped the dangers of war {Abl.). 
 
 The augury {augurium) is said {ferre) to have come to 
 Remus first [= of the two]. Hannibal was the first-man [prin- 
 ceps) to go into a fight, the last to leave {excedere) it, when it 
 was joined {cdnserere). Few receive {excipere) death in cheer- 
 ful-mood (hilaris). I received you into my house {tectum) 
 when you were a little boy {parvulus). 
 
 152. You alone have we believed and are going to believe. I 
 left Tiro sick at Patrae. To [your] enemies you show 
 {praebere) yourself placable, to your friends inexorable. The 
 choleric {Iracundus) man is not always angry ; but tease 
 {lacesso) him, forthwith {jam) you will see him in a rage. 
 
 I have Hirtius and Dolabella as pupils {discipulus) in speak- 
 ing {dicere). You will certainly {certe) have [in] me a partner 
 and companion in all your afiairs. The inconstant man has 
 the good for enemies, [and] not even the bad for friends. I 
 give you my friend as surety {vas, vadis). To Romulus and 
 Remus a she-wolf (^i^pa) offered (praebere) herself as nurse. 
 
 The pilot (guberndtor) sits quiet[ly] on the stern (puppis) 
 holding the tiller (cldvus). Themistocles, . a distinguished 
 citizen, exiled by the injustice (injuria) of [his] ungrateful 
 people, betook himself to the enemy (pi.). Medea, inflamed 
 (inctnsus) by love helped Jason, and forgetting (278) her father 
 followed her lover {— ille). [As we wei-e] disembarking (e ndvl 
 dSscendere) we received your letter. I caught the bird alive. 
 
86 ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE. 
 
 The general left the ship made fast [deligare)- to {ad) the 
 shore. [As I was] dining your letter was given to me. I will 
 defend you in your absence [— the absent one]. The Persians 
 deserted [their] camp filled (repUre) with treasures. 
 
 IjIX. Accusative and Infinitive. 
 
 G. 527 foil. ; A. 70, 3 ; A. & S. 273; B. 1153 : H. 551. 
 
 153. We learn (accipere) that Ulysses and Nestor were consid- 
 ered wise. There is a tradition that Darius was made king by 
 the neighing (hinmtics) of a horse. We know that Socrates was 
 declared the wisest man by the oraele of Apollo. I remember that 
 he returned sick ('211, "R.). I know that you will be welcome to all 
 [^ you will come welcome, exspectatusl. Cicero says (ndrrdre) 
 that Cato [was] eighty-five years old [when he] died, and that 
 [he was] an old man [when he] learned Greek. I knew that 
 [when you were] boys you read the lives of Cornelius Nepos. 
 I have learned (comperlre) that you were the first to come to 
 school. We have read that Agamemnon and Menelaus [when] 
 exiled by Aegisthus fled to Sparta. Hercules wondered (ml- 
 ran) that he could not overcome Antaeus, the son of the Earth; 
 but he perceived that he took fresh strength from [his] 
 mother Earth, and rose again stronger. After [his] departure 
 (exeessus) Romulus said to Proculus .Julius that he was a god, 
 and was called Quirinus. We think that in the beginning men 
 lived scattered in mountains and woods, and not until [demum 
 = at length) forced by necessity, built cities. Homer informs 
 [us] (tradere) that the Greeks, when they came [had come] to 
 Aulis, brought sacrifice to Jupiter; then {tunc) they saw a 
 dragon creeping up upon {in) a plane tree {platanus) ; that in 
 the top {cacumen) of the tree there was a nest ; that the dragon 
 seized the eight young ones and the dam {mater) [for] the 
 ninth ; that the Greeks stood there affrighted {timidus), looking 
 {spectare) at the prodigy {portentiim) ; but the augur Calchas 
 prophesied {augurari) from the number of the sparrows thfi 
 years of the Trojan war. 
 
EEI/ATITB CLAUSES. 87 
 
 IiX. Relative Clauses. 
 
 G. 509, 630 ; A. 67, 1, J; A. & S. 366, 3; B. 1396 E. ; H. 529. 
 
 154. Ino, whom Athamas has married, is persuading him to 
 sacrifice [his] children to Jupiter. He says that Ino, whom 
 Athamas has married, is persuading him to sacrifice his chil- 
 dren. They said that the ram which the children mounted 
 {ascendere i7i) had a golden fleece. They thought that the 
 Argonauts, who were {JPlpf.) the first to enter the Euxine Sea, 
 would never return by the same way by which they came. He 
 said that the matter in question {de qua agitur) was of no im- 
 portance {momentum). The father promised [his] son that he 
 would give him all {quotquot) the apples he should gather. 
 They know that they are losing the only blessing {quod unicum 
 bonum) they have. He says that he is not desirous of giving 
 up to another the rule which he has held so long. They say 
 that Simonides sang a poem which he had written on {in) 
 Scopas ; that Scopas said that he would only give him half of 
 what he had bargained {paciscl) ; that he must ask {petere, 
 § 655) Castor and Pollux, whom he had praised as much 
 {aeque) for the rest ; shortly after {paullo post) it was an- 
 nounced to Simonides that two youths were standing at {ad) 
 the gate, who were calling him out with great earnestness 
 {magna opere) ; that he got up, went out {prodlre), saw no 
 one, [and that] meanwhile {interim,) the room {conclav&) where 
 Scopas was banqueting {epulari) fell in a heap {conoidere), and 
 Scopas and those who were with him perished. 
 
88 A.CCUSATIVK. 
 
 Thied Oouese. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 JSSX. Accusative. 
 
 G. 327-341 ; A. 52 ; A. & S. 229-239 ; B. 711-743 ; H. 371-381. 
 
 155. ] . Honey smells of (redolere) the flowers from which it 
 has been gathered. No (nemo) brave man shudders at the 
 sight of arms. Let any one (§ 623) laugh at me who will, I 
 despair of freedom. Happy is he who has never thirsted for 
 pleasures. The younger of the brothers leaped across {trdnsi- 
 lire) the ditch and carried his brother across (trdnsportdre) the 
 wall. Innumerable times (sexcenties) have I applied to him, 
 but to my petitions [;= to me begging] he gave no answer. 
 Every day the stupid creatiire (homo) makes the same blun- 
 ders (errdre). I give you this warning [= I warn you of this] 
 not to trust complexion (color). The physicians concealed the 
 death of the king from all who were outside of the royal- 
 palace (regia). Why do you conceal your opinion from us? 
 Who explained (docere) the case of Sllius to you ? Zama is 
 five days' journey (iter) from (distare) Carthage. The Car- 
 thaginians built out (porrigere) fi-om the land into the river a 
 raft (ratis) [that was] two hundred feet long [and] fifty broad. 
 Oh ! the poor (miser) fellows (homo). What good did they 
 do (proficere) ? All their toil did not help them (juvdre) a, 
 whit (nihil). 
 
 2. Yerres demanded (poscere) of the parents a price (pretium) 
 for (pro) the burial (195, R. 5) of [their] children. A friend will 
 ask of another [= a friend] nothing except (nisi) what-is-hon- 
 
DATIVE. 89 
 
 orable. Antony begged (petere) the soldiers to follow him 
 (§ 521) across the Alps. Euripides began (adorlri) [when he 
 was] eighteen years old to -write tragedies {tragoedia). I lack 
 {deficere\ strength [= strength fails me]. I lack time. Assur- 
 edly you are concealing from me a great misfortune^ The 
 deserters [trdnsfuga) acquainted [docere) Caesar with all the 
 plans of the enemy {pi.). Misfortune teaches even the con- 
 quered the art of war {militaris). Some endure {sustinere) 
 fasting (inedia) two or three days {Jnduum, triduum). The 
 Saguntines [when] besieged by Hannibal made (diXcere) a 
 rampart (agger) three hundred feet long [and] twenty feet 
 high. The conflagration (incendium) lasted [tenere) two nights 
 through. Thirty days have I been on shipboard (in navl). 
 Lost that I am [=0 me lost] ; ruined (afflictus) that I am, 
 who will help me now ? Eight and thirty years was Dio- 
 nysius tyrant of Syracuse (ae drum), having (§ 586) usurped 
 (occfupdre) the absolute-authority (dominatus) [when] twenty- 
 five years old. 
 
 IiXn. Dative. 
 
 a 343-356 ; A. 51 ; A. & S. 222-238 ; B. 814-817 ; H. 382-898. 
 156. 1. Mucius Scaevola had his hand consumed by fire. The 
 usurper {tyrannus) had his skull broken to pieces (comminu&r^ 
 by a millstone (lapis moldris). The pine[tree] furnishes 
 (praebere) wood [that is] good (utilis) for ships (ndvigium). 
 The bad (improhus) envy the good (prohus) [their] fame (de 
 vf'iihAhl.). Demosthenes could not pronounce (dlcere) the first 
 letter of the very art (ea ipsa ars) to which he devoted himself. 
 I will make supplication to [youi*] angry father for you. Who 
 was present (inieresse) at your conversation (sermo) ? Agesi- 
 laus presented rewards to those who had distinguished them- 
 selves above (praestdre) others (ceteri) by energy (industria). 
 Caesar surrounded the camp with a rampart and a fosse (fossa), 
 Tou write that Caesar consults you[r opinion], but I had 
 rather (mdllem) he consulted (Ace. and Inf.) your interest. 
 Excessive (nimius) confidence is usually [= is wont to be] a 
 disaster (calamitds). To many distinguished (Sgregivs) men 
 
90 GBNITIVH. 
 
 the fortune of war bas proved (esse) a reproach (opprobrium), 
 the envy of the people a disaster. This action (jfactwi\) was 
 counted to him as cowardice. You, your people (tut), [and] 
 all that is yours, will always he very near my heart (maxime, 
 euro). He is rich [— rich is he] whose possessions are so great 
 [= who has 80 great possessions] that he wishes for nothing 
 more (ampKus). Sensual-pleasure (voluptds) can have no con- 
 nection (conjutictio) with morality (honestas). Publius Cor- 
 nelius Scipio, who overcame Hannibal and destroyed Carthage, 
 was surnamed [had the surname, coffnomeri] Africanus. In 
 Syracuse there is a fountain of sweet water, which is called 
 Arethusa. Sicily was at first (§ 324, R. 1) called Trinacria, 
 
 2. Epicurus reviled {maledicere) Phaedo (onis) in the most 
 shameful manner. Once the same physician treated (meden) 
 both wounds and diseases. The daughters of Servius had 
 married Lucius and Aruns Tarquinius (286, R. 2). Alexan- 
 der did not spare even (ne — quidem, § 444) his own relations 
 (coffndtus) who seemed [videri) qualified (aptus) for the throne. 
 Youth is not only not envied, but even favored. The Lacedae- 
 monians were reproached {o^icere) with (guod) having seized 
 {occupare, Plpf. Suhj., § 529) the citadel of Thebes at the time 
 of a truce {indutiae). On these points (res) you are far ahead 
 (praestare) of all others [ceteri). In a state, those who have no 
 {nihil) means (opes) always envy the better-classes (bonl). 
 Laelius was surnamed the Wise. To Tarquin was given 
 (indere) the surname " Overbearing " {svperbus). 
 
 liXin. Genitive. 
 
 G. 357 ; A. 47, 8 ; A. & S. 205. K. 17 ; B. 663 ; H. 441, 5. 
 
 157. 1. At the peep o/day [prima Mx) Titus Labienus occu- 
 pied (tenere) the top of the mountain. The ancients believed 
 that the earth was situated (positum esse) in the midst of the 
 universe. Darius had come to Arbela (orum) about the middle 
 of the night. Amphinomus and Anapus carried [their] father 
 and mother on [their] shoulders through the midst of the 
 flames {ignes) of Aetna. Against the Tarentines, who live 
 
GENITIVE. 91 
 
 (esse) in the lowest part {ultimus) of Italy, wav was declared 
 (indicere). From the foot (infimus) of the altar there issued 
 (emergere) suddenly a snake. 
 
 2. Superstition seizes on {ooeupdre) weak {imiecillitds) men. 
 With this fellow the matter [= it] is to be settled by war- 
 {bello decertdre) ; slow (tarditds) envoys {legdtus) are to be 
 discarded {repudidre). Mathematicians (mathematiet) are en- 
 gaged on {versdrl in) obscure matters. The short day is spent 
 (consumere) in feasts. 
 
 G. 364-5 ; A. 50, 1 ; A. & S. 311-213 ; B. 757, 748 ; H. 396, 4. 111. 
 
 158. You are undertaking a great work, and one that will last 
 many days [= of many days]. Your neighbor (fern.) has a 
 dress [vestis) of greater value {pretium) than yours. The 
 sea produces {prdcredre) animals of extraordinary [inusitdtus) 
 size. 
 
 Among the Greeks the oldest class {genus) of scholars {docti) 
 was that (293, R. 3) of the poets. Cato was [a man] of almost 
 (prppe) iron body and mind. When a city is taken (§ 408), every- 
 thing belongs to the conqueror. The general ought to conquer 
 by [his] head (odfisilium) no le.ss than by [his] sword. It is the 
 duty of a judge in trials (causa) always to follow the truth (ve- 
 rum). Barbarians live for the present {in diem) ; our thoughts 
 (consilium) ought (Imper.) to be fixed on (spectdre) eternity. 
 Thoughtlessness {temeritds) is peculiar to the bloom of youth 
 {fiorens aetds) ; foresight to more-advanced (senesoSns) age. It 
 {id) is especially {maxime) the peculiarity of a sly {nstutus) 
 man to make his own advantage the standard of everything 
 [= to refer everything to {ad) his own advantage {utilitds)^. 
 Nothing shows so narrow and little a spirit as to love riches. 
 To desert a post {praesidium) from {propter) fear is cowardice; 
 not to return a deposit {depositum) is injustice. It seemod to be 
 folly {insipiSns) to attend to {curare) other people's business 
 {aliena res) at {cum) one's own risk {periculum). It is our 
 duty to make a moderate use {modice utl) of [our] victory. 
 This cape {promontorium) is called [the cape] of Good llupe. 
 
93 GENITIVE. 
 
 [He] who denies that there is a God, him I deem scarcely of 
 sound mind. The fleet of the enemy consisted (esse) of eighty- 
 nine ships. 
 
 G. 366-371 ; A. 50, 2 ; A. & S. 213 ; B. 748 ; H. 396, IIL 
 
 159. Caesar had left a little corn at Ilerda. I expect longer 
 letters from you, as you have (esse) so much leisure. I will 
 write more {pliira) when I have (§ 236) more leisure. We have 
 time enough for (ad) reflection {cogitare, § 426). Caesar 
 showed his soldiers how much good there was (§ 469) in firm- 
 ness {cdnstantia) \= firmness had in itself]. Catiline had 
 (§ 349, R. 4) eloquence enough, [but] too little wisdom. The 
 consul took the city by storm (m) ; in it {ihi) were taken three 
 thousand men and some {aliquantum) other [oeterus) booty. 
 From that side (inde) is the least danger. That is of no use 
 [= has nothing of usefulness]. It is so long since I received any 
 letter from you [= so long {tarn diu) have I received no letter 
 from you]. What life is left I will spend (dego) at my ease in 
 Rhodes. What (quid) plan have you determined on (capere) ? 
 Daily something bitter (acerbus) and disastrous {incommodus) 
 was announced. 
 
 G. 376 ; A. 50, 4, c ; A. & S. 315 ; B. 783, 805 ; H. 406, 3. 
 
 160. [He] doubles {gemindre) [his] sin who is not ashamed of 
 [his] misdeeds (delictum). I am tired of this undertaking. No 
 one will repent of industry. Flattery disgusts (piget) a good 
 man. Unhappy people are often disgusted with life. We feel 
 more pity for those who do not ask for (reqmrere) our compas- 
 sion than for those who claim it loudly (effldgitare). Socrates 
 was not ashamed to acknowledge that [there were] many 
 things [that] he did not know. I am tired of asking again- 
 and-again {identidem). I am disgusted with hearing the same 
 thing a thousand times (say, sexcenties). There is really (sane) 
 nothing for us to repent of [= of which ... Comp. § 634]. 
 
 G. 378 foil. ; A. 54, 8 ; A. & S. 314 ; B. 884 ; H. 416. 
 
 161. Tour help (opera) and your authority I value highly. I 
 value your attentions (officium) to (ergo) me more highly than 
 
GENITIVE. 93 
 
 any [= all] money. My [good] conscience is worth more to 
 me than all the world's [homines) talk. I have always loved 
 {dtligere) this friend, as you know, and I prize [facere) him 
 daily {in dies) more [and more]. The favor of a had (impro- 
 bus or nequam indecl.) fellow I value (pendere) little. Riches 
 are very little prized (putare) by me. How high do you rate 
 (aestimare) this picture {tabula picta) ? How much did you 
 give for {emere) the little-book {libeilus) ? Six pence (3 num- 
 mt). Verres bought a statue {signum) by (§ 360, R. 2) Praxi- 
 teles for 1600 sesterces {sSsfertius). Darius wished to buy a- 
 man-to-assassinate {interfector) Alexander for 1000 talents. You 
 bought the tithes {decumae) of that district {ager) very dear. 
 Caelius rented {conducere) a house on the Palatine hill {Pala- 
 tium) very low [=: not dear ; comp. 448, R. 2]. Dumnorix had 
 farmed {redimere) all the revenues {vecVigal) of the Haedui for 
 a small amount {pretium). A pound of violet {violdceu^) 
 purple {purpura) was sold for a hundred denarii. The vic- 
 tory cost {stare) the lives [= the death] of many brave men. 
 This book cost eighteen pence (9 nummi). 
 
 G. 357-380 ; A. 50 ; A. & S. 211 foil. ; B. 744 foil. ; H. 393 foil. 
 
 162. 1. The word "friendship" is derived {Perf.) from "friend." 
 The opportunity for a victory has been allowed to pass by 
 {c^mittere). All evils are lighter than anguish for sin. I am 
 under the thrall of [:= I am held by] an extraordinary {incredir 
 bUis) longing {deslderium) for my family {met) and especially 
 {atque imprimis) for thee. L. Quinctius Cincinnatus cultivated 
 a piece of land {ager) of four jugera beyond the Tiber. Xenoph-- 
 anes says that there are people (AaSiiaitM?', 199) in the moon, 
 and that it is an earth with many cities and mouptains. Super- 
 stition betrays a weak mind. Strong {fortis) men ought to 
 bear pain steadfastly {toleranter). It is the duty of humanity 
 to care for the welfare {cdnsulere) of the weak. The state 
 (clvitas) of the Senones was [one] of great authority among 
 the Gauls. It is your duty to care for your life and your pre- 
 servation {incolumitas). Julius adapted {accommodare) the 
 year to {ad) the course of the sun, so that it consisted [=:was] 
 
L'4- GENITIVE. 
 
 of 305 days. The Emperor Titus was a man of such (tantm) 
 good nature {facilitas) and generosity {Ubercditas) that he 
 never denied (negare) anybody anything (§ 445). 
 
 2. There are two approaches [aditus) to Cilicia, either of which 
 can be barred {intercludere) by a small body of men [praesv- 
 diuni). Sulla lost 124 of his [men]. Saguntum was by far 
 {longe) the most opulent city of Spain, situated {situs) about a 
 mile [= 1000 paces] from the sea. The soldiers attacked 
 (adoriri) the rear (novissimum agmen) of the enemy and 
 followed them up {prosequi) many miles. Alexander marched 
 from India into the territory of the Malli, where 80,000 infantry 
 and 60,000 cavalry were expecting him {opper'tn). Of the 
 Greek orators the foremost {praestdns) are those who lived 
 [= were] at Athens. Of these, however {autem, § 486), by all 
 odds ( facile) the first {prtnceps) was Demosthenes. You have 
 so many {tantum) books yourself; what [books] in-the-name- 
 of-common-sense {tandem) are you looking for {requirere) in 
 the library {bihliotheca) ? How much profit {lucrum) have 
 you made ? You wish to have more money. This thing does 
 (afferre) most good (utilitas). There was less booty than they 
 had expected. We despise those who have (§ 349, R. 4) not a 
 trace {nihil) of worth, no genius, no vigor {vis, or nervus, pi.). 
 All the country [= what of country there is] between Rome 
 and Fidenae is laid waste. All the gold, all the silver, [and] 
 all the valuable articles {ornamenta) that were {Pf.) in Sicily, 
 have been carried off {auferre) by Verres. 
 
 163. When Caesar had crossed the Rubicon, everything was full 
 of fear and confusion {error). Many were eager for {avidus) 
 a revolution {miitdtio rerum). It is his habit to bear in mind 
 {memorem esse) benefit and injury. Man, in that (quod) he is 
 endowed with {particeps) reason sees the causes of things. Do 
 {agere) what is suitable to your time of life. The Roman state 
 has produced {ferre) [but] few equal to Metellus. He is like 
 his father. The servant is usually like his master. Tullus 
 Hostilius was unlike his immediate predecessor {proximus 
 rSx). The ape {slmia), how like is the hideous {tv/rpis) beast 
 
GENITIVE. 93 
 
 to US ! Of (ex) the twins, one is like the father, the other like 
 the mother. Peculiar to man (homo) is the careful search 
 {inqulsltio atque investigdtio) after truth {verum). The island 
 Delos was sacred to Latona, Apollo, and Diana. It was {Pf.) 
 once {quondam) .the peculiar [fortune] of the Roman people to 
 carry on war far from {longe a) home, [and] to defend the for- 
 tunes of [their] allies, not their own roofs. When {quum,, with 
 Ind.) we are free {vacuus) from necessary engagements {nego- 
 tium) and cares, then we desire lo see and hear something. 
 The soldiers scaled {scaMs capere) the walls, [which were] 
 stripped {vacuus) of defenders {defSnsor). I am free from all 
 agitation {perturbatio) of mind. In reliance on your bravery, 
 soldiers, I will go to meet {obviam, ire) the superior-numbers 
 {multitudo) of the enemy. The city was surrendered {trddere) 
 to Caesar, bare {nudus) of [its] garrison and chokeful of pro- 
 visions {copiae). 
 
 164. Misfortune {res adversae) reminds [us] of religious-duties 
 {religiones). He reminded me of our old friendship. The bad 
 {improhus) man will some day with anguish {dolor) recall his 
 crimes {facinus). Good citizens think of the benefits of [their] 
 country. So strong {tantus) was the memory of Hortensius, 
 the orator, that he recollected all the words of his opponents 
 {adversdrius). Old men remember everything they care about 
 {curare aliquid). 
 
 165. 1. Orestes, accused .of matricide {-cldium) before {ad) 
 the Areopagus, was acquitted by the vote {suffrdgium) of 
 Minerva. Cicero convicted Verres of excessive {niniiu^) ava- 
 rice. The jury {judices) condemned Socrates to death. He 
 declared his own son-in-law guilty of the crime {scelus). The 
 senate neither acquitted the king of blame {cidpa) nor accused 
 [him]. Catiline was indicted {reum fiert) for extortion {res 
 repetundae). Camillus in his absence (§ 324, R. 6) was fined 
 fifteen thousand ases heavy money {gravis aeris). The exiles ■ 
 are punished in money and in property. Tiberius made an 
 interdict {interdicere) that the relations [of] those [who were] 
 
96 INTEBBST AND KBFEET. 
 
 condemned to death should not (§ 548) wear mourning for 
 {lugere aliquem) [them]. 
 
 2. Many are wont to set little value (pendere) on what is 
 their [own]. No possession, no mass (vis) of gold and silver, is 
 to be valued more highly than virtue. To act with considera- 
 tion (considerate) is worth more than to think wisely. No 
 plague (pestis) has cost (stare) the human race as much as 
 angei-. When (quum, Ind.) the weal of the country is at stake 
 (agi) we must think less of everything else. Certain (quidam) 
 philosophers have thought nothing of pain and pleasure. I 
 bought this book for a denarius. Chrysog6nus purchased 
 (mercarl) a Corinthian vessel (vas) for a high price (pretvum). 
 The house (aedes) was sold for a round (grandis) [sum of] 
 money. Men often subject themselves to the order[s] (i«i- 
 perium) of another (alter) for hire (mercede conducere, to hire). 
 Dear did that delay (cUnctatio) cost him. 
 
 IiXIV. Interest and Refert. 
 G. 381 ; A. 50, 4, d; A.& S. 219 ; B. 808 ; H. 408. 
 
 ( On the Sequence of Tenses.) 
 G. 510 foil. ; A. 58, 10 ; A. & S. 258 ; B. 1164 ; H. 480. 
 166. 1. It is the interest of all to act right. It was more to 
 the interest of the Athenians to have substantial (Jirmus) roofs 
 on their dwellings (domicilium) than the finest ivory statue of 
 Minerva. It is of the greatest importance that I should see 
 personally (coram), how you (quern ad moduni) accomplish 
 (subj.) the matter. Thou wilt perceive how much concerned 
 the State is that all the troops should assemble as soon as 
 possible (prlmo quoque tempore). We are both (§ 370, R. 2) 
 interested in being together (una). It makes the greatest 
 difierence at what time the letter was delivered to you. It makes 
 no difference how many books you have, but how good [they 
 are.] Much will depend on what (qui) the temper (animus) of 
 the victor, what the issue of things has been. The Spartan 
 state was much interested in the maintenance (servare) of the 
 laws of Lyourgus. I am very much interested in seeing you. 
 
ABLATIVE. 97 
 
 It is a matter of great importance to us for you to be with 
 {cum) us. I think that it is not only my interest but yours too 
 that you should come as soon as possible {quam prlmum). 
 
 2. It makes no diiference whether the revolt (defectio) of the 
 Tarentines took place {Jierl) this year or the year before {prior). 
 What difference will it make a hundred years hence {ad centum 
 dnnos) whether the games were celebrated {fieri) or not ? 
 (§ 461). It made a very great difference to the Romans, whether 
 they had Fabius or Otacilius for consul. It makes no difference 
 to me whether you arrive too-late {sero) or not. It is of the 
 utmost importance to you, as a general (§ 381, R. 2), that your 
 soldiers be not {ne) killed in [their] beds. It was both to his 
 interest and to yours that the war should be finished before 
 the auxiliaries arrived (§ 579). It was to the interest of Mar- 
 cellus that Archimedes should not be killed. Gallio said that 
 it was no concern of his that Sosthenes had been beaten 
 {vapulare) by the rabble. It was greatly to his interest, so- 
 far-as-expense-was-concerned {ad sUmptus), that his aunt should 
 die. It makes no difference to me — as a very {admodum) 
 young man — whether I attain {adipisa) the highest honors now 
 or not. What business is it of yours how many slaves he sold ? 
 
 LXV. Ablative. 
 
 G. 384r-387; A. 54; A. & S. 254 ; B. 931 ; H. 431. 
 
 167. 1. Everything there is in this world has been made for the 
 sake of man [^?.]. A great quantity {vis) of wood (195, R. 6) 
 was lying on the bank of the river. In [the midst of] the 
 great {tantus) [and] general {omnium) fear, he alone is not 
 afraid. In [the midst of] his absorbing {summus) occupations, 
 he sent {dare) me (§ 344, R. 1) for all that a letter. The father 
 lying sick in bed laid {ponere) the letter, which he had received, 
 on the pillow {pulvinus). Our [men] put all [their] hope of 
 deliverance {salus) in their bravery. The Egyptians and the 
 Babylonians bestowed {ponere) all their attention {cura) on 
 astronomy {cognitio slderum). Well painted pictures {tabula) 
 should also be put in a good light. The soldier had been put 
 
 3 
 
98 ABLATIVE. 
 
 (collocdre) on the wall as (causa) a guard. Caesar put tho 
 army into winter-quarters. [Those] who have been plunged 
 (demergere) into water cannot breathe {respirdre). Nature has 
 impressed (imprimere) on the minds of all the conception 
 {notio,pl.) of gods. Caesar embarked [= put (tmponere) on 
 ships] his legions and [his] cavalry at Brundusium. [The] 
 laws [which] Draco had imposed on the Athenians [were] too 
 {nimis) harsh (diXrus). 
 
 2. The revilers {vituperator) of philosophy are [= have been] 
 sufficiently [satis) answered (208) in the book in which phi- 
 losophy has been defended and extolled {collauddre) by me 
 {nos). The ground[s] of my wish {yoluntds) I have set forth- 
 fully (exponere) to you in a previous (superior) letter. Levies 
 (delectus) were made (habere) through all Italy. The colonies 
 of the Tyrians were scattered (diffundere) over almost all the 
 world (orbis terrdrum), Carthage in Africa, in Boeotia Thebes 
 (Thebae), [aud] (§ 483) Cadiz (Gddes) on (ac?) the ocean, A 
 raven which happened-to-be (forte) flying-by (praetervoldre, 
 part.) dropped (dmittere) a clod (gleba) which he was carrying 
 in [his] claws. I will (Fut.) show (demdnstrdre) you his 
 route (iter) ; he set out by the Aurelian road. Caesar hastened 
 (contendere) by the nearest land route (iter terrestre) to Alex- 
 andria (la). Before the rule [of the] Roman[s] the power 
 (opes) of the Etruscans (Tusci) extended (patere) far-and-wide 
 (Idte) by sea and by land. The aged (grandis ndtu) father has 
 been long (221) confined (tenere) to bed. Nobody received 
 the fugitives (fugiSns) into the city or (= ve, § 49'?) into [his] 
 house (tectum). Ships brought up (subvehere) the supplies 
 (commedtus) by the Po (Padus). Ariovistus in those days 
 kept his infantry (Adj.) troops in camp; a [= in a] cavalry 
 (Adj.) engagement he fought (contendere) every day. In the 
 battle of Cannae ( CannSnsis) there fell 45,500 infantry [and] 
 2700 cavalry. The enemy (plur.) was utterly-routed (fundere 
 et/ugdre), and (= que, § 478) there were more killed (interimere) 
 in this engagement than in all before (superior). Aemilius 
 Paulus defeated Perseus the King of Macedon [= of the Maco 
 
ABLATITB. 99 
 
 donians] at (= near) Pydna. Marcus Cato, the son of Marcus, 
 having fallen from [his] horse in the battle, rushed at {invd- 
 dere) the enemy (pi.) a-foot (§ 401, E.). In the war against 
 (adversus) Caesar, Pompey had got together {comparare) a 
 great {Siiperl) quantity of corn from Thessaly, Asia, Epirns, 
 and (= que, § 478) other (reliquus) regions. Among (Dat.) the 
 Parthians the signal in battle was given not with the trumpet 
 (tuba) but with the drum (tympanum). My brother will see 
 thee at Dyrrachium, or somewhere (uspiam) iu those (§ 291) 
 parts. The cavalry (pi.) fell upon (invddere) the enemy (pi.) ; 
 the rest stood [manere) still [= on the spot, locus]. Want 
 {inopia) of corn prevents (prohibere) [us] from remaining 
 longer in these parts. The camp was pitched in a most ad- 
 vantageous {opportunus) position. We shall have a chance 
 (= opportunity, /acwZJas) for a fight somewhere or other [= in 
 some place or other (§ 301) a chance of fighting will be given ]. 
 The Gauls joined (committere) battle on unfavorable (imquus) 
 ground. We will speak of this matter in another place. The 
 sun does not always rise or set in the same place [:= not (§ 447) 
 in the same place does the sun always rise or set]. 
 
 G. 388 foil. ; A. 54, 1 ; A. & S. 351, 242 ; B. 916 ; H. 435. 
 
 168. 1. The soldier who deserts [his] flag (signum) or leaves 
 (decedere) [his] post (praesidium) deserves the bastinado 
 [fustudrium). A prodigy was announced [namely] that on 
 the Alban Mountains stones had fallen from heaven. Wearied 
 by the long-duration (diuturnitas) of the battle, they withdrew 
 (excedere) from the engagement. Scarcely (vix) did they keep 
 off (aroere) the onslaught {impetus) of the enemy from the gates 
 and (=que) walls. The missile {telum,) flew [fugere) out of 
 [his] hand. The Pythagoreans abstained from (abstinere) 
 beans (§ 195, R. 8). Relieve {levdre) me of this burden. I have 
 lid [exsolvere) myself of engagements {negotium). The Snevi 
 could not {Perf.) drive the Ubii out of [their] territory. Storms 
 kept the enemy {pi.) from fighting {Subst.). Compelled {cogere) 
 by the violence of the storm, he desisted from his undertaking. 
 The enemy desisted from the assault {oppugndtio). Volusenus 
 
100 ABLATIVE. 
 
 did not venture to go out {Sgredl) of the ship. The Gauls were 
 driven from the territory {agri) and the borders of Italy. 
 Clodius tried to drive Quintus Varius from his possessions. 
 The Haedui could not defend themselves and their [property] 
 against [= from] the Helvetii. Dejotarus would not wage war 
 {bcUum tnferre) on the Roman people, but only protected 
 {tuefi) his territory from inroads (excursio) and forays (latro- 
 cinium). 
 
 2. Te have deprived Sulpicius of [his] life. Prtisias [was] 
 robbed {spoUare) of [his] kingdom and forsaken {^deserere) even 
 by his slaves. Lucius Brutus liberated the state {clvitas) from 
 royal despotism (domindtus). On either side [utrimque) the 
 Punic line (acies) was (pliipft.) stripped (nudare) of cavalry 
 {eqices, sing., 195, R. 8). The mother was bereaved (orbdre) of 
 iier s6n. After the death of Theramenes, Greece was filled 
 (replSre) with Athenian exiles [= exiles of the Athenians]. [It 
 is] not by strength (vires) or quickness of body (plur.) [that] 
 great deeds are accomplished (gerere), but by wisdom (c6n- 
 silitcm) and influence (aucidritds), and-of-these (§ 612) old age 
 is not generally [= is not wont to be] deprived (orbdre). The 
 viceroys (praefectus) of the King of the Persians used to 
 cheat (frauddre) the soldiers of [their] pay. The tribune 
 wished to cheat the consul of the fruit of the victory. The 
 kingdoms of Asia have always abounded in gold. Germany is 
 bountifully-supplied with brooks and rivers. Sicily was at the 
 height of (florere) power (opes) and wealth (copiae), there were 
 great works of art ( artificium) on the island, but especially was 
 Syracuse (Syrdc'osae) rich (abunddre) in statues. No part of 
 life can be free from duty. No one lacks a good thing, if he 
 does not need it. The army had an abundant supply of water 
 and fodder (pabulum). 
 
 I have need of a physician. I have need of travelling-money 
 (viaticum). The body needs much food [and] much (286, R. 1) 
 drink (potio). Books are wanted, not many but good [ones]. 
 In a [well] known matter witnesses are not wanted. I know 
 that you want cash (numml) to get up (apparatus, Subst.) the 
 
ABLATIVB. 101 
 
 triumph, "We want action {facere), not deliberation (cdnsu- 
 lere). 
 
 G. 393; A. 55, 1 ; A. & S. 353; B. 949. 950 ; H. 426. 
 
 169. Plato died in [his] eighty-second year [while in the act 
 of] writing. On that day a great {superl.) number of the 
 enemy were wounded and killed. The consuls and praetors of 
 Rome [= of the Romans] entered upon office {inire magistra- 
 tum) on the Ides of March [Martins, a, urn). Rome was built 
 in the four hundred and thirty-first year after the destruction 
 {excidium) of Troy, in the third year of the sixth Olympiad 
 [Olympias, ddis). In summer the nights are shorter than in 
 winter. I am writing (244) in the third hour of the night. 
 Milo came at midnight {media nox) with a great band (manus) 
 into the Campus Martius. Flaminius arrived at sunset (ooaor 
 stis solis) at Lake Trasimene. Thy two letters I received at 
 once [= at one time]. At the death of Numa there was a 
 return {res redii) to an interregnum. Forsake {deserere) those 
 by whom you will be forsaken in a short time. Astronomers 
 {mathematicl) teach [us] that the earth completes {cCnficere) 
 her revolution (cursus) around the sun in 365 days. Quintus 
 Cicero, the brother of Marcus, had finished {ahsolveri) four 
 tragedies in sixteen days. The cities of Africa, for nearly 
 (prope) fifty years after Marcus Atilius Regulus (e) had seen 
 no Roman army. In the docks {navale) there were old ships, 
 which they had not used for many years. These they refitted 
 {reflcere), and so in a few days, contrary to the universal 
 {omnium) expectation {opinio), they completed twenty-two 
 quadriremes {-remis) [and] five quinqueremes. Pour and 
 twenty years was there fighting {certdn, 199, R. l) with the 
 Poeni in the first Punic war. In the war with the Latins, the 
 dictator Postumius fought {dlm,icare) an [= in an] engagement 
 with Octavius Mamilius. The Roman people was overcome in 
 many battles, but {vera, § 489) in war never. Hannibal con- 
 fessed in the senate {curia) that he was beaten not only in the 
 battle, but [also] in the war. I return to what [= those 
 things which] I said in the beginning. Marcus Crassus laughed 
 
103 ABLATIVE. 
 
 [only] once in [his] life. Ton have an estate (^raedium, villa) 
 in Bruttium from which (unde) you can hear news scarcely 
 three times a year. I have despatched (dare) three letters in 
 an hour. The senate decreed that the ambassadors of Jugur- 
 tha, King of Numidia, should withdraw (decedere) from Italy 
 within the next ten days. We have understood (accipere) that 
 Marcus Cato learned Greek ( Graecae Uterae) in [his] old age. 
 In my chequered (varius) fortunes (tempics), I have seen and 
 fully (penitits) appreciated (perspicere) thy feelings-of-solicitude 
 (soUicitudo, 195, R. 5). Often have the Carthaginians, in peace 
 and during (per) truce (indutiae), perpetrated [facere) nefari- 
 ous deeds (facinus). In war luck has most power [posse). 
 The old Romans advanced {curare) their state by two methods 
 (ars) : by boldness in war, by justice in peace [= in peace by 
 justice]. 
 
 G. 395-6 ; A. 54, 2, 10 ; A. & S. 246, 256, R. 16 ; B. 918 ; H. 425. 
 
 170. The queens of the Amazons boasted (praedicare) that 
 they were begotten (gignere) of Mars. Catiline was born of a 
 noble house (locus). Cicero sprang (onrl) from a family of 
 equestrian rank (locus equester). Thales, one of (e) the seven 
 wise men, says that everything consists (constdre) of water.* 
 In the senate house (curia) at Syracuse [there] was a statue of 
 Marcus Marcellus made of bronze. 
 
 The Epicureans measure the highest good by advantages, 
 not by moral-worth (honestds). Sins are not to be measured 
 by the result (eventus) of things, but by the faults of men. Not 
 by [their] fortune will I value (aestimare) men, but by [their] 
 character. Everything that is pleasant (jucundus) is judged 
 by the bodily feeling (sSnsus corporis). Some are human beings 
 not in reality (res) but in name. We ought to restore (reddere) 
 what we have received according to the same measure, or even 
 in more abundant (cumulatus) [measure] if we can (Put.). A 
 man may be an old man in body, a youth in feeling (animus). 
 Friends are usually (solere) like [each other] in habits. Ario- 
 vistus was by nation a German. Parmenio was next to Alex- 
 
 * Material 1b expressed by ex with Abl. ; seldom by Ablative alone. 
 
ABLATIVE. 103 
 
 ander in dignity. Caesar, according to custom, posted {dis- 
 ponere) sentinels {mgiliae) before {pro) the camp. The leaders 
 of the Gauls determined to fortify {munlre) their camps after 
 the manner of the Romans. In learning and every (omnis) 
 kind of intellectual-accomplishm.ent {llterae), Greece surpassed 
 the Romans ; in the art of war and military discipline the Ro- 
 mans were superior. 
 
 G. 398 ; A. 54, 5 ; A. & S. 256 ; B. 895 ; H. 417. 
 
 171. No animal (helua, Part. Gen.) is more sagacious {pru- 
 dSns) than the elephant. No place ought to be dearer (dulois) 
 to thee than thy country. Nothing dries {arescere) sooner 
 (cito) than tear[8]. Nothing was further from {longius aberat 
 a) Caesar than cruelty. Who was more famous in Greece 
 than Themistocles ? Nothing is more shameful (turpis) for a 
 man than womanish (muUebris) weeping (Jletus). What is 
 more shamefiil than an effeminate man ? Deeds are weightier 
 than words. Fortune has more power (poUere) than human 
 counsels. I have received many letters from you at the same 
 {iinus) time, each more agreeable than the other (alius-alius). 
 
 Pompey was two years {biennium) older (major natu) than 
 Cicero. The sun is many times (pai's) larger and more capacious 
 than the whole (universus) earth. This verse is a syllable too 
 short (§ 312). There are much fewer (paticiores) [good] orators 
 than good poets [to be] found (reperire). The city was forti- 
 fied (miZmre) not only by walls, but much more still {etiam 
 magis) by [its] natural position (wa^Mj'a Zocj, §367,R. 2). Thou 
 hast received much more good (pi.) than thou hast suffered 
 {perpeti) evil (pi.). The more (plUra) men have, the (eo) 
 more [ampliora) they desire. The greater the engagement, the 
 more famous (cldncs) is also the victory. You will much pre- 
 fer (anteponere) virtue to all things. One camp was two miles 
 (2000 paces) from (distare) the other [= camp from camp]. 
 I set out with Quintus Fabius from Capua, and five days 
 after we arrived at Tarentum. The very thing (id ipsum quod, 
 § 375, R. 1) you remind me of, I had written to you four days 
 (quatriduum) before. Long [:= much] before, I foresaw {prS- 
 
104 ABLATITB. 
 
 spicere) the coming {futurus) storm. Numa Pompilius lived 
 (esse) many years before Pythagoras. Yesterday, not long 
 [=: not much] after you went away (discedere) from me, the 
 letter was handed (trddere) to me. Carthage was founded 
 eighty-two years before Rome. The money was carried off 
 {auferre) and not recovered until many years afterward [not 
 until = demuni], 
 
 Q. 401 foil. ; A. 54, 6, 7 ; A. & S. 347, 349 ; B. 888 ; H. 414. 
 
 172. He prosecuted {versdri in) this study with talent (ingeni- 
 urn) and not without industry. Marcus Crassus perished on 
 the other side of the Euphrates in shame and disgrace {igno- 
 tninia et dedecus). You have written this with great care and 
 diligence. I have consulted your interests to my cost {mag- 
 num damnum). The Marseillese {Massiliensea) kept [their] 
 treaty with the Romans with the greatest (summus) fidelity. 
 Cato spoke against Servius Galba before (ad) the people with 
 the greatest (summus) energy (contentio). The legions set out 
 in high spirits (alacer anim,us). In anger nothing can be done 
 well (recte). The Gauls suffered the army of Hannibal to pass 
 (trdnsmiitere) through their territory in peace-and-quiet (bona 
 pdx). The general extended (longius porrigere) his line of 
 battle, and in this way advanced (procedere) against (ad) the 
 camp of the enemy. The tribune of the commons, Gajus 
 Memmius, excited (accendere) the feelings (anim,us) of the com- 
 mons in every (omnis) way. The war ought ( Ger.) to have 
 been carried on in a far different (alius) method. Swans 
 (cygnus) die amid song and pleasure (voluptds). The Greek 
 rhetoricians (rhetor, 6ris) used-to-sit (assidere) in school amidst 
 a great attendance (frequentia) of the public (homines). He 
 lived to extreme (sum,mMs) old age in the best health. Hares 
 sleep with [their] eyes open (^atins), 
 
 Aristotle, a man of great (summus) genius and knowledge, 
 combined wisdom (prudentia) with eloquence. Men of the 
 highest (praestdns) gifts (ingenium, pi.) have devoted them- 
 selves to (se cCnferre ad) the study of philosophy. The sun is 
 of such a size that it illuminates (colMstrdre) and fills every- 
 
ABLATIVE. 105 
 
 thing (cUncta) with its light. The war was great and bloody 
 (atrdx) and of varying victory. More [pl-wra) I cannot write, 
 so {ita) shocked (percellere) and depressed (abjicere) are my 
 feelings [= of so shocked and depressed feelings am I], Ibises 
 ( Gen. is or idis) are tall [excelmcs) birds with stiff [rigidus) 
 legs, with horny {corneus) and projecting [prooerus) bills ; they 
 kill and devour a great quantity {vis) of snakes {anyuis). I 
 feel [= am in] extraordinary (incrediMHs) solicitude about thy 
 health. The name of Hannibal was very famous [= of great 
 fame] among (apud) all. 
 
 G. 403 foil. ; A. 54, 6 ; A. & S. 247, 250 ; B. 873, 890; H. 414, 429. 
 
 173. Bulls protect themselves {se tutarl) with [their] horns, 
 wild boars with [their] tusks {dens), lions with [their] teeth 
 {morsus, sing.), some animals by flight, some by hiding {occul- 
 tatio). Pyrrhus was killed {interlre) by a blow with [= struck 
 by] a stone. Darius was bound by his relations {propi?iqims) 
 with golden fetters and chains. The enemy has devastated the 
 whole region with fire and sword {fen-um ignisque, AM. in I). 
 To win {colUgere) the good will of [one's fellow-] citizens by 
 flattery is disgraceful. The highest hope of his [fellow-] 
 citizens he has surpassed {superdre) by incredible bravery. 
 We will {fut.) examine [= explore] this thing by means of 
 active {impiger) young men. 
 
 Country life {res rllsticae) is pleasant {laetus), not only on 
 account of the crops and meadows and vineyards {vlneturn) and 
 shrubbery {arbustum, pi.), but also on account of the gardens 
 and orchards {pomarium), then on account of the pasturage 
 {pasius) of cattle {pecudes), the swarms {exdmen) of beea 
 [and] the variety of all [manner of] flowers. He fears [his] 
 father on account of his guilty conscience {delicti cdnscientia). 
 "Nero, on account of the remembrance {recorddtio) of his crimes 
 {f acinus), was never free from fear. For want of water the 
 enemy begged for a parley {colloquium). On account of the 
 great occupations of him, of whom everything is sought {petere), 
 access {aditus, pi. ) to {ad) him was more difiicult [than usual]. 
 From fear of envy he dares not say what he thinks {sentlre). 
 
106 ABLATTVE. 
 
 Thy grandmother died from longing after thee (§ 363). From 
 the brevity of the letter you will [= be able to] see {scire) that 
 he is very much occupied. The want of everything increases 
 in consequence of the long siege. All good men mourn 
 (maerere) over the loss (interitus) of their [beloved] ones. The 
 boy exults for joy. From excessive (nimiiis) joy I was almost 
 beside myself {desipere). 
 
 G. 408 foil., comp. 667 foil. ; A. 54, 10, J; A. & S. 257; B. 965 ; H. 531. 
 
 174. The greatest earthquake {terrae motus) took place 
 (exsistere) under the emperor Tiberius, when many cities of 
 Asia fell-in-ruins (corruere) on the same day. Cicero was in 
 the habit of writing [down] his speeches after the cases had 
 been already settled (trdnsigere). Anxur {neut.) in [the land 
 of] the Volscians was recovered {recipere) in a short time, 
 because the watches (custodiae) had been neglected, on a holi- 
 day (dicsfestus). When appetite (libido) is mistress [dominan) 
 there is no room (locus) for self-control (temper antia). When 
 piety toward God is done away with (tollere), faithfulness and 
 fellowship (societas) of the human race are done away with 
 also. In the heat (ardSns tempus) of summer the dog star 
 (cariiculae sidus) rises (exorirl) as the sun enters (ingredi, with 
 Ace) the first part of Leo. If he himself were present, I would 
 speak more timidly of his virtue. Mucins Scaevola came into 
 the camp of Porsenna and undertook (conarl) to kill him, 
 although death stared him (sibi) in the face (propositum esse). 
 Although everything (omnes res) be lost, nevertheless virtue 
 can maintain itself (se sustentare). After the expulsion (exigere) 
 of the kings, consuls were chosen. After the murder of Darius, 
 Bessus (g) fled (aufugere) with a few [attendants]. To-morrow 
 (crastinus dies) at sunrise return to the fight ! At the occupa- 
 tion of Jerusalem (Hierosolyma, drum) the victor Pompey 
 touched nothing in (ex) that temple (fdnum). Xerxes, king 
 of Persia [= the Persians], previously (antea) the terror of the 
 nations (g&ns), after [his] disastrous campaign (bellumtnfeUciter 
 gerere) in Greece began to be an object of contempt (§ 350) 
 even to his own [followers]. I received the letter which you 
 
ABLATIVE. 107 
 
 bad written at the beginning (inGipere) of [your] ferer. Of 
 (de) a dej^arture [profeetio) I am not thinking, except (nisi) 
 with your approval {approbare). The Gallic war was carried 
 on under the command {imperator) of Caesar. Augustus was 
 born in the consulship of Cicero and Antonius. This crime 
 (faaimis) the youth has committed (facere) at thy instigation 
 (auotor). All this did Quintius at the instigation and advice 
 {sudsoj') of Naevius. The son died in [his] father's lifetime. 
 The poems of that poet were [held] in such (tantus) honor in 
 our boyhood that we learned them by heart (ediscere). Even 
 in a clear (serenus) sky it thunders sometimes [aliquando). The 
 wolf escaped (evadere) in the midst of a great tumult [on the 
 part] of [his] pursuers {cdnsectarl). 
 
 The Gauls routed (fwndere) the army of the Romans on the 
 AUia and approached the walls of the city. Pyrrhus sent am- 
 bassadors into the city and exerted himself {adnlti) in every 
 way to have a treaty made [Pass.) and to be received into the 
 friendship of the Romans. After Caesar had made {habere) 
 this speech and roused (excitare) the courage {animi) of all, he 
 gave the centurions the commission {negotium) of {ut) suspend- 
 ing {intermittere) all other works {opus) and throwing [their] 
 energy on {animum cdnferre ad) digging {fodere) wells 
 {puteus). Caesar, after spending [cdnsumere) a few days in 
 Syria, gave Sextus Caesar, his friend and kinsman {propinquus), 
 the command of {praeficere) the legions and the province. 
 Caesar convoked an assembly {c6ntio) and bestowed {tribitere) 
 on every {quisque) brave [man] (§ 305) rewards. The besieged 
 (oppidanus) made a sally {eruptio) and killed a great number 
 of the enemy {pi.). 
 
lOS 
 
 PEEDICATION. 
 
 Third Course. 
 
 PART II. 
 
 IjXVL Predication. 
 G. 197 ; A. 46, 3 ; A. & S. 310 ; B. 666 ; H. 863. 
 
 175. With the exception of [praeter) virtue, everything that ia 
 considered {putdre) a blessing of body and fortune seems insig- 
 nificant (exiguus) and paltry (minutus). No one has [ever] 
 become immortal by cowardice. In consequence of [ex) un- 
 bounded (tnfimtiis) license, the minds of the citizens become 
 {evadere) fanciful (/astldiosus) and effeminate {mollis). Caesar 
 became famous by his clemency. Cicero stood forth (exsistere) 
 as the advocate (patronus) of Sextus Roscius. You proved (ex- 
 sistere) a helper (adjutor) to me in [time of] danger. After 
 the fall {interitus) of Sejanus, Tiberius became rampant (saevis- 
 simus). Every burden is made lighter by patience. Con- 
 stantine was chosen emperor in Britain {Britannia) by the 
 soldiers. Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gajus Autonius were 
 declared consuls. No one is held [to be] a great general with- 
 out the greatest knowledge of military matters {sing.). The 
 race {gSns) of the Scythians has always been held [to be] the 
 oldest. Dejotarus was thought {existimdre) by the senate 
 worthy of the royal title {regale nomen). Antony was de- 
 clared (Judicdre) by the senate an enemy of the country. 
 Among the old Romans [he] was called an enemy whom 
 following-generations called a foreigner {peregrmies). Justice 
 toward {adversus) the gods is called religion ; toward parents, 
 filial-duty (pietds). Cluilius, the Alban general [=the gen- 
 
PEBDIOATIOlf. 109 
 
 eral of the Albans], surrounded his camp with a ditch ; the 
 ditch was called for (per) several centuries (saeculum), from the 
 name of the leader, the Cluilian. My father was Antimachus ; 
 itiy name is (= I am called, vocdrl) Lyconides. 
 
 G. 334 ; A. 46, 2 ; A. & 8. 230 ; B. 715 ; H. 373. 
 176. Necessity makes even the timid brave. The uncle, being 
 attacked (affioere) by a grave malady, made his sister's son 
 [his] heir. The Romans chose Aemilius Paullua [to be their] 
 consul against Hannibal. I have always considered him half 
 crazy (male sdnus), now I consider him besides that [= also] 
 a scoundrel (impiirus) and a villain (sceleratus). Socrates 
 regarded (arhitrarl) himself [as] an inhabitant and citizen of 
 the whole world. Verres despised the Sicilians (Sioull) ; he 
 did not look upon them as (d^cere pro) human beings. The 
 old poets call the fruits-of-the-field (fruges) Ceres; wine. Liber 
 or (slve) Bacchus. The consul Lucius (u) Furius appointed 
 (dicere) Lucius Papirius Cursor dictator, by whom Quintus 
 Pabius Maximus was appointed Master of Horse (Magister 
 Equitura). Our ancestors used to call the supreme council, 
 the senate. Romulus called (voedre) the city after (ex or a) 
 his name, Rome. The ancients called Spain after the river 
 Iberus (e), Iberia. Gajus Quinctius' is dead ; [as his] heir he 
 left by will (ex testdmento) his brother Publius Quinctius. I 
 have left the matter untouched (integer). I have you [as] wit- 
 nesses. To have all citizens [for one's] friends would be 
 (246, R.l) a nuisance (operosus, Adj.) ; it is enough not to have 
 them [for] enemies. We consider (habere pro) certain what is 
 perceived by the senses. Ven-es had made (reddere) the well- 
 furnished (exorndtics) and [well-] arranged (tnstructus) house 
 of Sthenius almost entirely-empty (nudus et indnis)^- I show 
 (praesidre) myself grateful to [those who have] deserved well 
 (iene meritus) of (de) me. Show yourself [to be] the (tdlis) 
 man that we have always known you to be thus far (hucusque). 
 Nerva showed himself [to be] a just (Superl.) and mild prince. 
 Gnaeus Pompey showed himself (se exhibere) the author of my 
 salvation. 
 
110 PEEDICATTVE ATTEIBUTION AND APPOSITION'. 
 
 Predicative Attribution and Apposition. 
 G. 334; A. 46, 47, 6; A. & S. 204, 205, R. 15 ; B. 622 ; H. 363. 
 
 177. Socrates drank (haurlre) the poison joyous[ly]. The army 
 was brought (deducere) into winter-quarters victorious (victor) 
 and laden (onustue) with spoils. The soldiers did not keep 
 [servdre) their ranks [but] fought singly (rarus) and scattered 
 (dispergere). Men of business [negotiator) go unwillingly and 
 rarely (mro, Adv.) from the provinces to Rome. Marius, for 
 the seventh time (septimum) consul, died in his house at an 
 advanced age (senex). We will be present at the right time to 
 save you [= as saviours, vindex]. The augur Attus Navius 
 [when] a boy, on account of (propter) poverty was a keeper of 
 (pascere) swine. The temple of Welfare (Saliis), which Gajus 
 Junius (u) had vowed as consul [and] let the contract of 
 (locare) as censor.^ he dedicated as dictator. The whole summer 
 the Nile keeps (tcnere) Egypt (Aegyptus) entirely overflowed 
 (obnitus et opplelus). Yery fortunate was Quintus Metellus, 
 who saw three sons consuls, one [of them] also a censor and 
 triumphing [general], and left them in good health (saivtcs), and 
 three daughters married. We must follow nature as [our] 
 guide. Hector, [when] dying, told of (denHntiare) the death of 
 Achilles as near at hand (propinquus). When (quum, with In- 
 die.) a good man has to give (dicere, Gerundive) [his] opinion 
 under oath (juratus), he will remember (memimsse) that he 
 brings in (adhihere) God as [his] witness. Crassus had in 
 (utl) Asclepiades a friend and physician. In this matter I shall 
 have the assistance of your brother and yourself [= I shall use 
 you and'your brother as helpers]. 
 
 No one ever heard me complain of my lot (sors) or say that 
 I never saw any one undergo (subire) such toils. He found the 
 state in a far different condition (longe aliter se habere) than 
 (§ 646) he had expected. The great (sumnrns) poet makes 
 (facere) the old king curse (exsecrari) his daughters. The seer 
 (augur) Tiresias, whom the poets represent (fingere) as a wise 
 
INFINITIVE. Ill 
 
 man, they never bring in (inducere) deploring his blindness 
 (caecitas). 
 
 178. Pompey alone has more power {plus posse) than all the 
 rest. Bad citizens would rather (potius) perish -with all than 
 alone. It is the wise man alone who has the good fortune 
 {contingit) to {ut) do nothing against his will (invltus), nothing 
 under compulsion [= forced]. It is a common (usUatus) con- 
 solation : you are not the only one to whom this has happened. 
 Quintus is entirely changed {commutare). Spain was the last 
 (postremics) of the provinces that was completely-subjugated 
 {perdomdre). Sicily was the first of all to be made a province. 
 Marius wounded-the-pride-of (laedere) the nobles, now (modo) 
 singly, now in a body (universl). Zeno (e) thought that a 
 happy life depended (positum esse) on virtue alone. TuUia was 
 the first to salute her consort as king. Lead was first brought 
 {apportare. Active construction) by Midacritus from a Cassiteri- 
 dan island ( Cassiteris, idis). The nation of the Phrygians 
 {Phryges) first yoked (Jungere) a two-horse chariot [blgae). 
 A trial for life {judicium capitis) was first held on the Areo- 
 pagus. In the senate Pompey was generally {plerumque) asked 
 his opinion first. Racilius first asked me [my] opinion. Raci- 
 lius asked me first [my] opinion. Of the two sisters the 
 younger died first. The senate was, at once convoked, and met, 
 with a full attendance {frequSns). The knights were standing 
 in great numbers {Superl.) on the steps of [the temple of] 
 Concord. At first I loved him, afterwards I despised him. 
 We first endure {tolerare) [and] then embrace {compleetor). 
 
 LXVn. Infinitive. 
 G. 537 foil. ; A. 70, 3 ; A. & S. 373 ; B. 1153 ; H. 551. 
 
 179. "We know that the alternation {vicissitudo) of day and 
 night is caused by the revolution {motus) of the earth around 
 its axis. Who believes that there [ever] was a Centaur or a 
 Chimaera? 'Re'B.ect {cogitare) that an enemy [= from an enemy] 
 may become a friend. We have understood that Pythagoras, 
 
112 INFINinVB. 
 
 Democritus, [and] Plato travelled over (peragrdre) the most 
 distant (ultimtis) lands. The physician assures [cdnfirmare) 
 [us] that you -will be -well (valSns) shortly {propediem). 
 Demaratus informed {certiorem facere) the Lacedaemonians by 
 letter that Xerxes was getting ready for war {bellum parare). 
 The story {fdma) went {ferre, Impf.) that the temple of Diana 
 of Ephesus {Ephesius) was built [facere) in common {commu- 
 niter) by the states (cmitds) of Asia. I grant {fateor, cSnfiteor) 
 that I have but now [nunc demum) learned {cogndsoere) this 
 thing. The ancients were of opinion [c&nsere) that the future 
 [= future things] could be known {intelligere) and foretold by 
 soothsayers {vdtes). The news was brought (afferre) that the 
 enemy had entered the country (JT,nes ingredi). I find (reperio) 
 that Plato came to Tarentum in the consulship of Lucius 
 Camillus [and] Appius Claudius. 
 
 I admit having done you wrong. He denied having spoken 
 with you. The youth hopes to live a long time [yet]. I hope 
 to be at Athens in the month [of] September. There is no 
 hope of his returning soon. I hope to finish this work. Cleon 
 promised to finish (§ 424, R. 3) the war in twenty days. I 
 promise to undertake this service (officitcm). 
 
 G. 538 ; A. 70, 3 ; A. & S. 373 ; B. 1153 ; H. 551, 1. 
 
 180. They say [diount, ferunt) that tortoises (testudo) and cro- 
 codiles bury (obruere) their eggs in the sand. They say that 
 Plato came to Italy to make-the-acquaintance-of [cogndscere) 
 Archytas (Gen., ae). The story goes (trddunt) that Romulus 
 (5), the founder of Rome, was reared (nutnre) by a she-wolf; 
 Cyrus, the king of Persia [= of the Persians], by a bitch. 
 
 The woman seemed {Ferf.') to be filled [afficl) with great joy. 
 It seemed to me that your brother was greatly rejoiced [= 
 filled with great joy] by my anival. It is thought (extstimdre) 
 that you have equipped (pardre) an army. It is believed that 
 intellectual-pursuits {doGtr'ma, Uterae) were invented in Greece. 
 It is said that Cyren6, a virgin of extraordinary beauty, was 
 carried ofi" by Apollo. It is said (trddere) that, at the advico 
 
INFINITITB. 113 
 
 (auctor) of the magi, Xerxes set the temples of Greece ou fire 
 (tnflammare). There is a tradition {traditum est) that Aristides 
 was the most just of men {unus omnium, § 317). It was be- 
 lieved (cfreditum, es() that the mice ate the cheese (oaseus). 
 
 The Phoenicians, it is said, were experienced (Superl.) sailors. 
 Romulus, they believed, had gone (trdnsire) to the gods. 
 Ulysses and Nestor, we have learned, were the wisest of men. 
 Many fables which, they say, were written by Esop (Aesopus), 
 have been made by moderns (recentidres). The general hurried 
 {occurrere) with the cavalry to the aid of his [men], who, he 
 had learned {accipere), had been already beaten (pellere). They 
 brought to Caesar those, by whom they thought (extsiimofe) 
 the common people (plSbs) had been stirred up (conoitdre). 
 
 It seems as if my brother can do nothing without your 
 advice. It seems as if Sicily once stuck on to (adhaerere, with 
 Dot.) Italy. It seems as if I shall never return to [my] coun- 
 try. It seemed as if the whole army was about to perish. 
 
 G. 532 ; A. 57, 8, <Z ; A. & 8. 272 ; B. 1153 ; H. 551, II. 
 
 181. The Pythian (y) Apollo bids us know (ndscere) ourselves 
 {nSsmet). The teacher bids the scholar come at nine o'clock 
 {nona hora). The father forbids his son to come into his sight 
 (cdrispectus). The consul ordered the men to be thrown 
 (conjicere) into prison [career). Cyrus ordered Croesu? to be 
 burned [the burning [of] Croesus] alive. The general ordered 
 the distribution of {Inf.) the troops through [per) the province. 
 A storm rising, the admiral {praefectiis cldssis) ordered the 
 sails to be reefed (oontrahere) and the yards (antennae) lowered 
 [demittere). The praetor had [= ordered] the man arrested 
 and hanged on [in) a (qmdai.i) wild-olive [oleaster, Maso.), a 
 tree which (§ 618) stood [= was] on the market-place of the 
 city. 
 
 G. 535; A. 57, 8, 5 ; A. & S. 272 ; B. 1150 ; H. 549. 
 
 182. It was the custom that when [AU. Abs.) the sacrifice for 
 purification [lustrationis sacrum) was finished [peragere), the 
 army should pass-by-in-review [decurrere). It is [high] time 
 
 8 
 
114 
 
 GERUND AND GEEtrNDIVB. 
 
 that we should now (jam) think of (de) the eternal (perpetuus) 
 [life] to come (292), [and] not of this present (§ 290) brief 
 {exiguus) life. It is not right that the greater should obey the 
 less. It is credible that the woi'ld was made for man {pi.). It 
 is meet (par) that I know [== should know] your plans. It is 
 certain that children are loved by [their] parents. That a great 
 multitude of Germans should have come to Gaul, was danger- 
 ous to the Roman people. It is clear that we are born for 
 action (agere). It was known that Caesar would make war 
 upon {bellum tnferre) the Venetians. It is known that you 
 were absent on that day. An orator must have a good 
 memory (§ 349, R. 4). If there is much dust on his shoes 
 (calceus), he must come from (ex) a journey. You must be 
 stout-hearted {aiiimus). It has delighted (juvdre) me that 
 your studies {llterae) have been of advantage (prodesse) to 
 you. It is not necessary that I write to (ad) you what [= that 
 which] is known to you. 
 
 IiXVnL Gerund and Gerundive. 
 
 G. 426 foil. ; A. 72, 5, 73 ; A. & S, 274 foil. ; B. 1304 foil. ; H. 559-566. 
 183. The Lacedaemonians were fired (inflammatics) by the 
 desire of conquering. The carefulness of your writing [= your 
 carefulness of writing] has pleased me very much. I will 
 undertake (aggredi) the matter, not so much {tarn) with the 
 hope of accomplishing [it] as with the wish to try [it]. The 
 alternation {vicissitudo) of day and night preserves living-beings 
 (animdns) [by] assigning {tribuere) [them] one [aiius) time for 
 action, one for rest. We came into the garden for the sake of 
 taking a walk. I have written much to you by way of [= for 
 the sake of] admonition. God has made the animals for the 
 sake of man, as-for-instance (ut) the horse for (causa) riding 
 (vehi), the ox for ploughing [= for ploughing the ox]. Man is 
 naturally eager to learn. The soldiers were eager to fight. 
 Wrapping-paper (charta emporetica) is worthless (inutilis) for 
 writing. We see that some (alii) by [their] swiftness (velooitds) 
 are good (valere) at running, others by [their] strength (vires) 
 
GEEXJND AND GERUNDIVE. 115 
 
 [good] at wrestling (luctdri). We are not only {solum) inclined 
 (propSnsus) to learn but also to teach. To think aright (bene 
 sentlre) and to act aright [recte) is enough for living well and 
 happily. The character {mores) of boys reveals {detegere) itself 
 in [their] games {inter, ludere). The best orator is [he] who 
 by speaking instructs {dooSre) the minds {animus) of [his] 
 hearers {audiSns) as well as {et-et) delights and excites {per- 
 movere) them. There is often more misfortune in the fear 
 [= fearing] than in the misfortune itself He has no time free 
 {vacdre) [= no time is free to him] from writing or from think- 
 ing. My feelings {animus, sing.) are averse to {abhorrere a) 
 writing. 
 
 184. Catiline and his associates {Passive construction) had made 
 {inire) plans to destroy the city, to massacre {ocoldere) the citi- 
 zens, to annihilate {exsfingu;ere) the Roman name. All [my] 
 hope of alleviating this annoyance is fized on {positum esse in) 
 your kindness. The Gauls maintained for a long time the {ille) 
 monstrous {imm,dnis) custom {cSnsuetudo) of sacrificing human 
 beings. Caesar gave up {omiitere) for the moment {inpraesentia) 
 the plan {ratio) of following Pompey. To avoid the heat {ealor) 
 we rested {aoquiescere) three hours under a shady tree. I re- 
 joice that {AcG. with Inf.) you are eager to restore {concilidre) 
 peace among the citizens. The soldiers of Marcellus were 
 highly-skilled {peritus) in besieging {oppugna/re) towns. Every- 
 thing that {quidquid) was calculated {idoneus) to feed {alere) 
 the fire, was heaped {ingerere) upon the works {opus). The 
 physician was busily {sedulo) preparing whatever was necessary 
 for treating {ciirdre) the wound. A supplication was made for 
 the expiation of the [evil] omens. There are some games {lusics) 
 [that are] right useful {non inutilis, 448, R. 2) for sharpening the 
 w;its {ingenium) of. boys. By nature we are inclined {pronus) 
 to love {diligere) men. Stormy weather {tempestdtes) is not 
 suitable {idoneus) for catching fish {pi). Iron is necessary for 
 the cultivation of land {agrl). The eyelids {palpebrae) are 
 admirably-adapted {aptissime f actus) for covering [= shutting] 
 and uncovering [= opening] the pupils {pupula). Nature has 
 
116 GBEUND AND GEEUNDIVE. 
 
 given us eyes as [it has given] the horse and the lion, maue 
 (setae), tail, [and] ears, in order to show (d§ddrdre) the emo- 
 tions (rnotus animorum). Ton will be of the greatest service 
 {usui, § 350) to me in [= for] regaining (concilidre) the good- 
 will {voluntas) of my opponents (adversdrius). The hand ia 
 calculated (aptus) for painting, for moulding {fingere), for 
 chiselling [sculpere), for drawing out (elicere) the tones (sonus) 
 of stringed-instruments (nervus) and of flutes (tibia). By doing 
 away with (toUere) superstition, religion is not done away with. 
 By giving and receiving benefits, friendships are made (pardre). 
 He had written to (ad ) me about the purchase (emere) of a 
 garden. Virtue shows itself (cernitur) especially (maxime) in 
 the contemptuous-rejection (spernere et repudidre) of sensuous- 
 enjoyment (voluptds) ; bravery in undertaking (sublre) exertions 
 and dangers. Old age draws [us] off from active life (res 
 gerendao). Collatinus, in the expulsion of the royal family 
 (reges), was privy (soavus) to the plans of Brutus. Cicero begged 
 Luccejus to undertake (suscipere) the writing of the history of 
 his consulship. Quintus Catulus let (focare) the repairing 
 (reficere) of the temple. Six boys were sent to Germany for 
 their education (erudvr^. He contracted for (condv/xre) the 
 assassination (neodre) of the mayor (praetor) of the city. The 
 Egyptians give [their] dead to the priests to embalm (aondire), 
 Diomedon undertook to bribe (pecunid corrumpere) Epaininon- 
 das. Tarquin gave the Sibylline books to two keepers to 
 preserve in the shrine (cella) of Jupiter. When Catiline was 
 planning (moUri) a revolution, two knights undertook to kill 
 Cicero in his house and to bribe his slaves. I have given him 
 my only son to bring up. 
 
 G. 243 ; A. 73 ; A. & S. 374, E. 11 ; B. 1308 foil. ; H. 659. 
 185. When the victory is won (parere, Abl. Abs.), the con- 
 quered must be preserved. God is to be honored (colere) not 
 with sacrifices (immoldiio), but with a pure heart (mSns). The 
 honorable (honesta) as such (per se) is to be sought after (ex- 
 petere). Riches are to be lightly esteemed. [We] must show 
 the stranger the way, that he may not fall (incidere) into 
 
SUPINE. 117 
 
 dangers. I must bear these annoyances (molestia). You must 
 not neglect these directions {praecq)tum). I must sleep. You 
 must take a walk. You (pi.) mast read this book often. One 
 must adapt himself (servlre) to the crisis (tempus). Eloquence 
 must be studied (studere), although some (qmdam) abuse it. 
 You must avail yourselves (utl) of the [favorable] opportunity 
 which oifers itself {dari, 209). The conquered must be spared 
 (parcere). 
 
 Too little (parum) life is left me to enjoy my riches. My 
 father went to Bajae for the sake of curing (medeor) [his] 
 gout (podagra). We are all inclined (pronus) to make use of 
 the assistance (opera) of others. 
 
 LXIZ. Supine. 
 
 a 435 foil. ; A. 74; A. & S. 276 foil. ; B. 1360 foil.; H. 569. 
 
 186. The people of Veji, quelled (subigere) by [their] defeat 
 (adversa puffna), sent envoys (orator) to Rome to sue for peace. 
 When the war with the Helvetii was finished, ambassadors from 
 (Gen.) almost the whole of Gaul came to Caesar to congratu- 
 late (gratuldri) [him]. The viceroys (praefecfi) of the king 
 of Persia sent ambassadors to Athens to complain that (quod, 
 § 539) Chabrias was waging war against the king in conjunc- 
 tion with (cum) the Egyptians. He sent his son to the oracle 
 to inquire (sciscitdrl) what would be the result (eventus) of the 
 war. I hired (oonduoere) ten men to whitewash (dealbdre) the 
 palace. William ( Guilelmus) had gone to the shore to catch 
 mullets (muUus). Hannibal, incredible to relate, in two days 
 (buluum) and two nights reached (pervenlre) Adrumetum, 
 which is (distare) about (circiter) three hundred miles from 
 Zama. It is impious (nefds) to say that no old age can be 
 happy. Many things happen [that are] hard to bear (tolerdre). 
 A horrible sight ! the old man had his eyes gouged out 
 (efodere). You must do (243) what seems [= shall seem] best 
 to do. 
 
118 IMl'EKFECrr. ^FUTURE AKD FlTr KK PERFECT. 
 
 liXZ. Imperfect. 
 
 G. 222 ; A. 58, 3 ; A. & S. 145, II. ; B. 10a7 foil ; H. 468. 
 
 187. Quintus Fabius Maximus remembered {^memoria tenare) all 
 the wars, not only the domestic but also the foreign [extenius) 
 [wars]. The Lacedaemonians had two kings. Verres used to 
 live in the winter [hlbernus) months at Syracuse. In the spring 
 he gave himself up (se dare) to work and travelling {itinera) ; 
 he was carried in a litter (lectica), in which there was a pillow 
 {pulvlnus) stuffed [farcire) with roses {rosa, sing., § 195, R. 8); 
 he himself, moreover [autem, § 486), had one (mmms) wreath oa 
 [his] head, another about {in) [his] neck, and applied {admo- 
 vere) to [his] nose (wares) a net-bag {reticulum) of the finest 
 {tenuis) linen {limtm) full of roses. After [his] joui-ney was 
 finished {AM. Abs.), he had himself carried {deferre, § 210) in 
 the same litter to [his] very {usque) room {cubicidum). The 
 long, covered ships were invented by [active^ the Thasians; 
 before (an^ea), the fighting was done {pugnar't, § 199, R. 1) only 
 from {ex) the prow and the stern. From {ex) the tongue of 
 Nestor {Gen. 6ris), as Homer says {ait, § 651, R. 1), speech 
 flowed more sweet than honey. 
 
 King Artaxerxes gave Couon, who was living-in-exile (eawM- 
 lare) at the-court-of {apud) Evagoras {JEuagoras) the command 
 of {praefieere) the fleet. Regulus returned to Carthage ; he 
 knew full well {non ignorare, § 448, R. 2) that he was setting out 
 to [meet] a cruel {Superl.) enemy and exquisite tortures {sup- 
 plicium), but he thought that an oath had to be kept {ser- 
 vdre). 
 
 IiXXL Future and Future Perfect. 
 
 G. 334r-5 ; A. 58, 4, 7; A. & S. 149, III., VI. ; B. 1090-98 ; H. 470-73. 
 
 188. Let the man who desires to gain {adipisci) the true gloiy, 
 discharge the duties of justice. Let any one get angry who 
 will. Nothing holds the commonwealth together {continere) 
 more powerfijlly {vehementer) than , credit, and that (§ 612) 
 cannot (§ 3^^, R. 2) exist unless payment {solutio) for articlea- 
 purchased-bn-credit {res creditae) is necessary. When we meet 
 
INDIEECT QTIBSTION'. 119 
 
 {congredlor), then will we confer [cdnferre) together (§ 212) 
 personally {coram). Before I settle [cdnsldere) in some place 
 or other, you are not to expect long letters from me. Since 
 (quoniam) you are a scholar (grammaticus), I will ask you this 
 question (§ 331, R. 2); and if yon will solve it (§ 612) for me, 
 you will relieve {Uberare) me of great annoyance. If he is 
 made consul, he will conquer with less crime than he began 
 with [= than [that] with (Abl.) which he began {ingredior)]. 
 If you will convey (deportare) the arms that remain over 
 (superdre) to Brundusium, you will do a vast service {ye/ie- 
 menter prodesse) to the commonwealth. Nowhere Shall I more 
 easily bear-the-burden-of {sustentare) this wretched life, or 
 (vel — vel, § 496) — which is far better — throw it off [for good]. 
 When you return from Epirus, I want you to write to me 
 about the state-of-public-affairs, if there is anything that (§ 634) 
 yon nose-out {odorarl). If I have a talk {colloqm) with 
 Antony, I will write to you what has been done. They are 
 (se habere) so far (Aoc) better off than we, in that {quod) when 
 they come to Italy, they come home. Unless my exercise 
 {scriptum) is finished {absolvere) to-day, I shall not consider 
 myself acquitted {Uberare) of laziness. It will do no harm for 
 you to have [= if you have] a short talk {aliqidd loqul) with 
 Balbus. If you examine {inspicere) the gardens, you will give 
 me something to (§ 634) write to you. 
 
 LXXn. Indirect Question. 
 
 G. 469; A. 67, 2; A. & S. 365; B. 1183; H. 534. {On the Sequence of 
 Tenses, see G. 510 foil. ; A. 58, 10 ; A. & S. 258 ; B. 1164 ; H. 480.) 
 
 189. That the sun is great, the philosopher will prove {pro- 
 hare) ; how great it is, the mathematician {mathematicus) will 
 prove. You will see yourself what is worthy of a brave and 
 wise man. We must decide {judicdre) [for] ourselves what 
 the case {cwusa) requires. I wish to know what you have done. 
 The magnet {magnes) is a stone which lures {allicere) and at- 
 tracts {ad $e attrahere) iron ; the reason {ratio) why it happens, 
 I cannot {nequeo) tell {afferre) ; that it actually {omnmo) hap- 
 
130 EErLEXIVE PEONOtTN. 
 
 pens you will not deny. You see clearly [= it does not escape 
 {fugere) you] how difficult this thing is. What the nature of 
 the mind is, the mind itself does not know. Many tribes {ghis) 
 do not know why the moon is eclipsed [= fails, deficere\. Alex- 
 ander['s] friends asked [him] whom he made heir of the throne 
 {regnum). The physician asked the sick man how [quemad- 
 modum) he was (se habere). Sicily was the first to teach the 
 Romans how splendid (praecldntm) it is to lord it over (im- 
 peritare, with Dat.) foreign nations. "What the character 
 (qualis) of Pompey's first speech-to-the-people (cSntio) was, I 
 have [already] written to you. I do not know what he will 
 do. I do not know what I am to do (§ 467). We do not know 
 R'hen the holidays {_feriae) will come (esse). A maritime 
 Bnemy scuds in (advolare) suddenly, and does not let it he 
 known (prae se ferre) who he is or whence he comes, or even 
 what he wants {velle). Eumaeus asked Ulysses who he was 
 and whence he came. Evander asked Hercules what sort of 
 man he was. I will inform you in what parts {lomis) I am. I 
 remember what piece of advice you gave me {aliquid suadere, 
 to give a piece of advice). I do not know what [sort] of a 
 plun (§ 371) our friend has adopted {capere). I do not know 
 {ignoro) what we have to do (§ 353). 
 
 IiXXnL Reflexive Pronoun. 
 G. 395, 531 foil.; A. 19, 3; A. & S. 308; B. 1018 ; H. 448. 
 
 190. I expect the father and his sons. The father and his sons 
 are arrived. The father has brought (adducere) his sons. The 
 father is arrived wi^h his sons. When the father returned home, 
 bia sons were away {abesse) from home. I like (diligere) Fabius 
 on account of (propter) his great {summus) kindliness (humOr 
 'litds). Fabius is loved by me on account of his great kindliness. 
 King Cyrus put Soebares in command of {praeponere aliquem 
 d^JCMi) the Persians and gave him his sister in (in w. ace.) mar- 
 riage. Soebares, put by Cyrus in command of the Persians, 
 married his sister. Men can use animals [bestia) for {ad) their 
 servico (itsus) without [doing] wrong. When Alcibiades had 
 
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 131 
 
 been east out {prdjiaere) unburied and lay [there] forsaken 
 (deserere) [a woman who was] a friend [to him] covered his 
 body with her cloak {pallium). The Romans conquered the 
 Corinthians and carried off {trdnsportare) their works of art 
 {omdmenta) to their city. Cleopatra applied (admovere) an 
 asp {aspis, idis) to {ad) her breast and was killed {exstinguere) 
 by its venom. 
 
 Word was brought {n-Antiare) to Cincinnatus [while] plough- 
 ing, that he had been made dictator. Cincinnatus [while] 
 ploughing received the news {wAntius) that he had been made 
 dictator. Caesar declared {cdnfirmare) that he had conquered 
 not for himself but for [his] country. Caesar's friends declared 
 that he had conquered not for himself but for [his] country. 
 Numa pretended {simula/re) that he had (esse) conferences by 
 night {congressus nocturnus) with the goddess Egeria. Caesar 
 went on board {cdnsoendere) a ship and bade the whole fleet 
 follow him. Brutus begs you to receive him into your friend- 
 ship. EurystheuB ordered {imperdre) Hercules to bring {afferre) 
 him the arms of the queen of the Amazons. I have been in- 
 formed by a letter from Atticus of your great {summus) gene- 
 rosity {liberalitds) towards him. 
 
 IiXXIV. Miscellaneous Exercises. (On the Cases.) 
 
 191. 1. Of all the nobles Gajus Sulpicius Galba studied {Per/.) 
 Greek literature most {maxitne). Few [= among] orators have 
 equalled the reputation of Demosthenes. I have been associat- 
 ing {utl § 221) with Trebonius on the most friendly terms for 
 many years. From fear of death many have endured {perferre) 
 the violence {vis) of the rack {tormenta, drum). The position 
 {dignitds) of the man {homo) gave his speech some {aliquantum) 
 weight {pondus). Who of the Carthaginians was {Pf.) worth 
 more than Hannibal? The soul during {per) sleep is free from 
 sensations and cares. Atticus abstained from food two days 
 (biduum). The cavalry, which the Haeduihad sent to Caesar's 
 help (§ 350) was commanded {active construction, praeesse) 
 by Dumnorix. Distress {aegritudo) has deprived me of sleep. 
 
133 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 
 
 In military matters {sing.) the Romans were {Perf.) very pow« 
 erful {multum valere), not only [quum § 589) on account of 
 [their] bravery, but also and more especially [turn plus etiam) 
 in consequence of [their strict] discipline. The Tyrians made 
 Alexander a present of a crown of gold of great weight. Atticus 
 had the advantage of {uti) a very careful {diUgSns) father. 
 You ought not (debere) to abuse (male dicere) the excellent 
 man. You are not unacquainted with {nonfugere aliquem) the 
 examples of the famous (snperl.) men, whom we ought to re- 
 semble (similem esse). Oh ! the fallacious hope of men and 
 fickle [fragilis) fortune and our idle (indnis) exertions (cow- 
 tentio) I The besieged {oppidani) had laid (collocare) on the 
 wall stones (saxum) of great weight, and beams pointed at-the- 
 end (praeacutus). In an engagement [it is] always those who 
 are most afraid {maxime timere), who are most in danger (est 
 alicul periculum). 
 
 2. Philopoemen equalled any (^qulvis) of the renowned gen- 
 erals in bravery. Put on (imponere) me any burden you choose 
 (quidvls § 371); I will bear [it]. Men decide (judicdre) far 
 more (plura) by hate or love or hope or fear or any mental 
 excitement [permotio mentis), than by the truth. Socrates, 
 according to the testimony of all cultivated men (erudltus) and 
 according to the judgment of all Greece, was, both (quum) in 
 wisdom (prudentia) and eloquence, the prince of all philoso- 
 phers. I perish by my [own] ill desert (vitium) ; chance has 
 done (afferre) me no [nihil) hp,rra [= evil]. It has been all 
 brought upon [me] (contrahere) by my own fault. How much 
 money [argentum) do you want (§ 390) ? [There is] nothing 
 [that is] either (§ 444) more profitable (uber) in the matter of 
 utility {usus) or handsomer (prndtus) in the matter of appear- 
 ance (species) than a well tilled (colere) field. In consequence 
 of your arrival, I have much more courage (anim,us). With 
 the multitude of trees, there could be no lack of (deflcere) tim- 
 ber (mdteria). I am accused by you without ground of sending 
 (inissio) the letter. According to the civil law (jus) [he] is 
 free, who is [born] of a free mother. A great man ( Gen. § 365) 
 
MISCELLANEOUS EXEKCISES. 123 
 
 holds firmly to (retinere) [what is] right and honorahle in 
 every situation (fortuna). When Caesar had crossed the Ru- 
 bicon, everything was full of fear and confusion (error). The 
 virtue of distinguished (excellSns) citizens deserves (dignum esse) 
 imitation, not envy. We finished the march (iter) by a hot 
 (aestudsits) and dusty (pulverulentus) road. In that engagement 
 [there] fell some Roman knights. The land (ager) is now 
 worth more than formerly [= than it had been heretofore, 
 antefide]. The greatest evil is avarice ; for many have been 
 greatly injured by it [= for many has avarice affected with 
 great disadvantage, incommoduni]. In this solitude [of mine] 
 I forego (carere) all conversation [= the conversation, collo- 
 quium, of all]. 
 
 3. After the capture (capere) of Syracuse, Marcellus brought 
 to Rome the works of art {orndmenta) of the city, statues and 
 paintings, in which Syracuse abounded. Your early (mdiurus) 
 arrival was necessary to us. After murdering Darius, Bessus 
 fled with a few [attendants]. The Albans with an enormous 
 (ingens) army made an attack (impetus) on the Roman terri- 
 tory (ager). The Arabians (Arabs) because (qtood ) they occupy 
 themselves (utl) especially (maxime) with the grazing (pastus, 
 us) of cattle (pecus pecudis, PI.) wander over (peragrdre) 
 plains (campt) and mountains, summer and winter. In the 
 Peloponnesian (Peloponnesiacics) war the Athenians upon the 
 advice and under the influence (auctoritds) of Alcibiades de- 
 clared war against (bellum indieere) the Syracusans. Alexander 
 made himself master (potlrl) of all Asia in a few years. In 
 civil strife (dissensio) we ought to take (sequi) the better 
 (honestus) side (pars). Nothing is more praiseworthy (lau- 
 c?a6«74s), nothing more worthy of a great and renowned (praecld- 
 rus) man, than a forgiving and merciful disposition (pldcdbi- 
 litds, dementia). In Africa there is a race of people of sound 
 (saluber) body and capable of bearing fatigue (labores). With- 
 out accomplishing their purpose (re infectd), the ambassadors 
 returned home. I will go into the country and remain there. 
 Pericles ruled (praeesse) the state (civitds) by his great (superl.) 
 
l!i4: MISCBLLANEOtrS EXEKCISBS. 
 
 influence many (plurimt) years in peace and in -war. You act 
 {facere) as (ut) is becoming to you. The noble (Jwnest^is) man 
 ia ashamed to play the slave (servlre). I repent of my laziness. 
 That my friends should know this is a matter of importance to 
 me and to them {ipm). Thy presence at Rome is a matter of 
 great importance to us. 
 
 192. 1. At the outset [principium) of [his] speech (dioere) the 
 orator turned pale (exalbescere) and trembled in every (omnis, 
 pi.) limb (artus, us). Although Themistocles, as general in the 
 Persian war, had liberated Greece from slavery, when driven 
 into exile on account of envy [= when Themistocles had liber- 
 ated and {-que) had been driven], he did not bear (ferre) the 
 injustice of [his] ungrateful country; he did the same that 
 Coriolanus had done twenty years before ; he joined (se jun- 
 gere) the enemy. The spendthrift {prodigus) sold for a small 
 amoiint all that he had received from his ancestors {majores). 
 It is the duty of him who stands at the head of {praeesse, with 
 J)at., Subjunct., § 631) the citizens to labor for [servlre) their 
 interests (conimodum) and welfare. Alexander died at Baby- 
 lon of disease, aged thirty-three years and one month. I have 
 got (pionere) you into favor with (apud) him. Epicurus pre- 
 ferred (mdlle) calling (dloere) the gods like men to [calling] 
 men like the gods. We have received the stranger into our 
 house (tectum). Caesar set out from Egypt by land for Syria. 
 I want very little (perexiguum) time. That ship best com- 
 pletes [its] course that has (utt) the most expert (sciSns) pilot 
 (gubernator). He had sent me {ad me) a letter full of all 
 [manner of] insults [probrum) to {in) me. It is a saying 
 {dictum) of Chilo of Lacedaemon, one-of {ex) the seven sages 
 {sapiSns), [that] it is becoming to forget a benefit conferred 
 (dare), to remember [a benefit] received. Nothing can be more 
 pleasant to me than this book. The little Ciceros {Oicerones 
 2'>uerl,) are learning and practising {se exercere) ; but the one, 
 as Isocrates said in the case of {i?i) Ephorus and Theopompus, 
 needs the rein (frena), the other the spur {plur.). The Par- 
 thians had crossed the Euphrates under the leadership of 
 
MISCELLANEOUS EXEKCISES. 125 
 
 PacSrus, with almost all their forces. Cluentius had not seen 
 any {nihil) misfortune in [his] life. 
 
 2. When {quum, with Ind.) we are relieved {privdre) of 
 pain, we rejoice at the mere {ipse) release {Mteratio) and free- 
 dom {vacuitds) from ( Gen.) all annoyance (molestia). Jugurtha 
 was vigorous {validus) of intellect {inffenium), ready in action 
 {manu prdmptus) [and] eager {appetins) for military glory. 
 Foolish people do not remember past blessings, do not enjoy 
 the present, only {modo) look forward to (exspectdre) the future. 
 I [am old enough to] remember* Cinna, I have seen Sulla. In 
 the battle of {apud) Zama, the Roman was superior in number[s] 
 and in courage. Grateful people imitate fruitful fields, which 
 yield {efferre) much more than they receive (§ 625). After 
 reading the letter, Sextius hurried {advoldre) with incredible 
 speed to {ad) the city. If wild beasts love {dlligere) their 
 young {pullits) how indulgent [:= of what indulgence] should 
 {debere) we be toward our children. The soldier showed the 
 sword besmeared {oblinere) with blood, which he had made 
 bloody (cruentdre) in the battle by slaying {Abl. Abs.) many of 
 the enemy [= many enemies]. The welfare of men depends 
 {md) not only on virtue but also on reputation {fdma). You 
 are abusing my patience. Man alone of {ex) so many kinds of 
 living-beings {animdns) has [= partakes of] reason. A strong 
 and elevated {excelsus) mind is free from care and distress 
 {angor). After the death of,Theramenes, Greece was filled 
 {replere) with exiles. Magistrates are necessary, for without 
 their [= without whose, § 627] foresight and carefulness a state 
 cannot exist {esse). The consul went {projicisot) to Africa with 
 a hundred ships. Jugurtha surrounded {circumoenlre) unex- 
 pectedly {de improvlso) the camp of Aulus Postumius with a 
 multitude of Numidians {Numidae). 
 
 3. The Romans made use of auspices {auspicia) not only in 
 time of peace but also in time of war. As [it was] now the 
 tei>th day [that] I had been suffering {Impf.) from belly-ache 
 {ex intestinls labor dre), I ran into the country. There is noth- 
 
 * la this sense, meminl takes accasatlTe. 
 
126 
 
 MISOBLLANEOUS EXERCISES. 
 
 mg more useful for the body {plur.) than salt and sun. The 
 more A'iolence (■wires) storms {procellae) have, the less [their] 
 duration (tempus). The soldiers occupied (capere) a somewhat 
 higher (editus) point [= place]. Lucius Sextius was the first 
 of {de) the commonalty (plSbs) to be made consul 388 yeare 
 after the building of the city, 366 before the birth of Christ. 
 The old man had [= was of] a very large body and terrible 
 countenance (fades) [terrible] because (quod) he was black and 
 had long hair (capiUus) and a flowing [promissus) beard. The 
 highest hope of his [fellow] citizens he surpassed by incredible 
 bravery. The Numidians live chiefly {^plerumque) on milk and 
 game [caro ferlna). The boy for the last {Jug) six months has 
 not deserved {dignuin esse) even [ne — qicidem) the slightest 
 blame {reprehSnsio). We need the eyes for seeing (eemere). For 
 the common welfare of the citizens good laws are necessary, 
 Crassus returned home with a fever. I am pained (dolere) at his 
 undeserved [injustus, superl.) misfortune (oalamitas), Neither 
 [= not] in courage nor [= not] in arms, not in military art 
 nor strength (pi.) of body was the Tarentine a match (par) 
 for the Roman. The father was fifty years older than the sons. 
 Aulis is separated {distare) from Chalois ( Gen. idis) by a space 
 of 3,000 paces [passus). One consul fought on {ad) the river 
 TicinuR, both together {ambo) somewhat later on the Trebia. 
 
 4. He went from the town of Fregellae to the city of Rome. 
 Expelled from the obscure {ignohilis) island of MycSnos, he 
 took refuge [confugere) in the celebrated city of Corinth. 
 Crispus halted (consistere) at Praeneste, a charming (amoenus) 
 town. How far is (distare) Rome from Bajae ? The general 
 led his troops in three days (triduum) from Naples to Rome. 
 The thief took away a golden image from the temple of Diana 
 at Ephesus, I sent the message to my uncle at Rome. She 
 lived twelve years at Paris (Lutetia) in a refined (piorua 
 et castus) household. 
 
INTEEEOGATIVE SENTENCES. 137 
 
 FOTJETH COUESE. 
 
 SYNTAX OF THE VERB. 
 
 Compound Sentence. 
 LZXV. Interrogative Sentences. 
 
 Q. 451 foil.; A. 71; A. & S. 198, 11, 265 ; B. 1040, 1183, 1101; H. 346, 
 486, 535 foil. 
 
 193. Have you seen the sunset at Naples (NedpoUs) ? Have 
 you ever been at Athens? Do not men often despise the 
 better ? Did Hannibal carry on war against Rome from hate ? 
 Was his hatred unjust ? Is the science of war nothing because 
 a great (summus) general sometimes runs (fugere) ? All wicked 
 [improbus) men are slaves. Or is he free who is a slave to [his] 
 lust ? Tou remember those magnificent temples which you 
 saw in Italy. Or perhaps you are too young to remember 
 them. Are you still (etiam nunc) hesitating ? Or do you not 
 know -the law of Solon, who laid the death penalty on any one 
 who {capite sanclre si quis) in time of (§ 393) civil-faction 
 {sedltio) did not belong to {Plpf. /SmS;., §365, R. 1) one party or 
 the other {alteruter) ? 
 
 194. Have your forces been diminished (imminuere), or theirs 
 increased ? Is the world governed by the providence of God 
 or by chance ? Is the cup gold or silver ? Does wisdom alone 
 make (efficere) us happy or not ? 
 
 195. He asked the boy whether he wanted to go back to his 
 father. I want (velim, § 250) you to write me under what 
 consuls Clodins was tribune of the Commons. When I get to 
 Rome and find out {intelligo) what the business is, I will write 
 to you at what time I shall return. I should like you to be 
 
138 INTEEEOGATIVE SENTBNCBS. 
 
 with me when Lewis {Ziudovi<yus) comes (Mtt). It is of great 
 importance to me that we should be together then. You will 
 know when it will be [= when that day will be], if you will 
 (§ 236) instruct {negotium dare ut) your servant to inquire. 
 You will perceive (intelUgo) whether they [really] think so {id 
 aentlre), or [only] make believe {simulclre). 
 
 IiXXVI. Interrogative Sentences. 
 
 196. What difference does it make whether I come now or ten 
 years hence {ad decern dnnos) ? Let me know whether you 
 will be long at your country-seat [villa) or not. If anybody 
 asks why I am not at home, answer : " It is none of your busi- 
 ness." I ask, whether it was none of my business how my 
 friend was [quid agis? = how are you ?]. Write me whether 
 Clodia was alive or not when her son died. 
 
 197. Urged (adductl) by famine and want, the soldiers went 
 secretly out of camp to try if they could find anything to eat 
 (§ 634) in the fields. The general began to reconnoitre (ciraum- 
 spectare) in case he could attack {adorvn) the enemy in the rear. 
 An effort was made {res temptata est) in the hope that the bro- 
 ther of the accused {reus) might be permitted {licere) to con- 
 sole him, [as he was] dying. I opened {solvere) the package 
 {fasciculus) to see if there was a letter to me in [it]. 
 
 198. I am half-inclined to think it is better to travel abroad 
 {peregrmari) than to sit [still] at home. I have sent you a 
 copy {exemplum) of my letter to Gajus, because I am half- 
 inclined to think that it would have been better not to have 
 written it. I doubt but he will turn [his] wife out of doors 
 {foras SJicere). I do not doubt that he will turn [his] wife out 
 of doors. He will not hesitate to turn his wife out of doors 
 (§ 551, R. 3). I am disposed to think he will not turn his 
 wife out of doors. I am inclined to think that Hannibal was 
 more wonderful {rrilrabilis) in adversity than in prosperity 
 {adversae, secundae res). It may be {forsitan) that I did not 
 {paruin) understand you. 
 
INTBEEOGATIVE SENTENCES. 139 
 
 LXXVII. Interrogative Sentences. 
 
 199. What was I to answer? Was I to kill the im^aJent 
 varlet (homo) ? Whither am I to betake myself (se cdnjerrc) ? 
 They did not know what to seek or what to avoid. Thtny took 
 counsel (odnsultare) in what way the enemy was to be met 
 [ohviam ire, 208). 
 
 200. Somehow or other the remedy {mediclna) is worse {gravis) 
 than the disease. Archimedes was killed by some soldier or 
 other, who-did-not-know {igndrus) who he was. It is extraor- 
 dinary what an amount of labor men spend on {ponere in) 
 trifles {res levissimae). 
 
 201. You know what a troublesome {molestus) creature Petei 
 {Petrus) is. What madness has seized him that he [= by what 
 madness seized, captus] comes to my house daily? Whither was 
 he going that you asked him so angrily whether his mother 
 knew that he was out {fords extsse) ? With what genius are 
 you endowed that you hope to obtain the highest honors in the 
 state ? Do not keep back {silere) what you have come to ask 
 [= asking]. I am going to bed. To do what {quid ut) ? I 
 crossed the ocean. To see what ? He came early in the morn- 
 ing {mane). What was to be done ? 
 
 LXXVIII. Non dubito quin. 
 
 G. 551 ; A. 65, 1, J ; A. & S. 363, R. 7 ; B. 1332 ; H. 498. 
 
 (Sequence of Tenses: G. 510 foil.; A. 58, 10; A. & S. 258; B. 1164; 
 
 H. 480.) 
 
 202. I do not doubt that a ruinous {exitiosus) war is impend- 
 ing. I do not doubt that Caesar has arrived at Brundusium. 
 I do not doubt that if anything of the sort {ejusmodl) hap- 
 pens, you will hurry {advoldre) to me. I do not doubt that if 
 the king had found out the approach of the enemy, he would 
 have crossed the river. 
 
 I did not doubt that we could not accomplish the journey. 
 We did not doubt that the house had been adjudged {adjudicdre) 
 
130 VERBS OF EMOTION. 
 
 to US. It was not doubtful that if he walked briskly (recte) he 
 would arrive before day (Mx). There was no doubt that if he 
 had written the letter, I should have been relieved of very 
 great annoyance {molestia). 
 
 There is no doubt that the conservatives [honi) would have 
 conquered, if Caesar had been their leader. There is no doubt 
 that they will make [efficere) him dictator. 
 
 I did not doubt that my brother and myself ought to make 
 our way [se cdnferre) to Brundusium.* 
 
 I did not doubt that he would have come to his senses [resi- 
 piscere)\ if he had followed (uti) your advice. 
 
 IiXXIX. Verbs oi Emotion. 
 G. 533 ; A. 70, 5, J; A. & S. 273, 5 (3) ; B. 1154; H. 552, HI. 
 
 203. I am glad that you have got well (convalSsco). I thank 
 you {gratids ago) for having come to my assistance. Are you 
 sorry or glad that your mother-in-law (socrus) has hanged her- 
 self (mspendio vltam finlre) ? I am astonished at your not 
 having been beaten {vdpuldre) by your own servants. He was 
 indignant {indigne ferre) at being envied by his own brothers. 
 
 G. 542 ; A. 70, 5, J ; A. & 8. 273, 5 ; B. 1258 ; H. 520. 
 
 204. We regret that we do not know when we shall see you, 
 Aristides is praised for his justice and integrity; Alcibiades is 
 blamed for having from lust {cupiditds) of vengeance (iilciscl) 
 betrayed his country to the Lacedaemonians. Valerius used 
 to praise the [good] fortune of Brutus in having found his 
 death (mortem occumbere) [while] fighting for his country. 
 The legions thanked the general for having given so-good 
 (stq^erl. ) an opinion (judicium, facere) of them. The generals 
 of the king of Persia sent ambassadors to Athens to complain 
 (queri) that Chabrias was waging war on the king of Persia in 
 conjunction with the Egyptians. Are you sorry that I have 
 
 * The sabjuBCtive after qtjIn may be an original subjunctive. NOn dubilo quin statim 
 venlam, Cic, 1 do not dovbi that I ought to come at once. Mihi videbare nOn dubitSra 
 q-jln cSderem, Cic, It seemed to me that you did not doubt that /ought to withdraw. 
 
 + In tlie absence of periphrastic tenses use the forms of possb. 
 
SENTENCES OF DESIGN. 131 
 
 brongbt the army across {traduco) safe ? {Negative idea. What 
 mood? comp. 540, R. 1). Xerxes thanked Demaratus for 
 having been the only one to tell him the truth. 
 
 G. 534. 560 ; A. 57, 8, 5' ; 70, 4, c ; A. & S. 270, R. 2 ; B. 1159 ; H. 553, III. 
 
 205. I whom some consider the father of my country, [I] bring 
 hordes of outlandish-foreigners (harbarC) to devastate Italy ! 
 [To think] that he should have entertained (cogitare) such 
 cruel [projects] ! The idea of your having done anything 
 that would benefit (prodesse) the human race ! That he, who 
 [though] victorious at (ad) Cannae had not dared {Subj.) to 
 go toward Rome, should, after being repulsed from Capua, have 
 conceived the hope of possessing himself of the city ! 
 
 IiXXX. Sentences of Design. 
 G. 543 foil. ; A. 64 ; A. & S. 262 ; B. 1025 ; H. 497, 
 
 206. Before old age, let us see to it {cUrare) that we live well, 
 in old age that we die well. I have toiled {laborare) to get 
 the prisoners spared [= that the prisoners might be spared, 
 § 208]. The father begged (rogdre) each individual {imusquis- 
 que) senator {Gen. pi.) with tears {part.) to spare his son; 
 afterwards he begged and besought the opposite party {adver- 
 saril) not to attack {oppugnare) his son. Beware {cavere) of 
 considering {habere) the unknown as {pro) well known. There 
 are letters extant {exstare) from Philip to {ad) Alexander, in 
 which he advises {praecipere) that he win {allicere) the hearts 
 {animus) of the masses to love him {ad benevolentiam) by kind 
 {benignus) language {ordtio). Alexander made an edict {edlr 
 cere) that no one should paint him except {praeter) Apelles. 
 Metellus persuaded the ambassadors of Jugurtha to deliver 
 {trddsre) to him the king alive or {aut — arit) dead {necdtus). 
 The general ordered his men to march as much as possible to 
 the left that they might not be seen from any quarter {necunde). 
 Lucullus says with regard to his history {plur.), which he had 
 written in Greek, that in order to prove more readily that it 
 {ille) was the work of a Roman (§365, R. 1) he had inserted 
 (inserere) certain solecisms {soloeoismus). 
 
132 SBNTEisrcBS or design. 
 
 I readily convinced (§ 546, R. 2) him that I was not free to 
 do what he asked (Subj.). I am convinced that this thing will 
 be rather (potius) to your credit {laus) than to your discredit 
 (vituperatio). Pompey reminded me that I had promised hira 
 not to go into the senate until I had (Plpf. SubJ.) finished the 
 business. 
 
 IjXXXI. Sentences of Design. 
 
 Sentences of Design take as a rule only the Present and Imperfect 
 Subjunctive. 
 
 207. Birds of prey (rapdx) are endowed (praeditus) with a 
 very keen (deer) vision (vlsus) in order that they may be able 
 to see [their] prey from a great distance (e longinquo). The 
 men of Clusium (Cluslnl) sent ambassadors to Rome to beg 
 the senate for help. The thirty tyrants sent people (§ 623) tc 
 kill Alcibiades. Isocrates used to write speeches for others to 
 use in court [in judicio). Caesar had given orders before tlie 
 engagement for the horses to be removed in order that the 
 hope of flight might be taken away {tollo) thereby. Tarquinius 
 Superbus chose {legere) no one senator [=: into the senate], that 
 the estate {ordo) might be the more despised {contemptus) by 
 reason of [its] meagre-numbers [paucitas). 
 
 No sensible man [nemo prudenst) punishes because a sin has 
 been committed {peacatur, 199, R. 1), but to prevent its com- 
 mission. The proconsul Metellus avoided [= fled] the sight 
 {cdnspectus) of Marius, who was his successor (in locum ali- 
 cHjus succedere) in order not to see a low-born fellow (liomo 
 ignobilis) with the [consular] power and the fasces. 
 
 I omit to name many [who are] worthy of praise, in order 
 that no one may complain {queri) that he is passed by [prae- 
 terniitto). The conspirators bound themselves by a solemn 
 oath (inter se sanctre) that no one should divulge (niintidre] 
 the thing. We demand (fldgitare) that you determine (sla 
 tuere) nothing about the accused (revs) in his absence without 
 investigation of the case (cawsa incognita). A law was passed 
 (ferre) that no one should be accused of past offences (ante 
 actae res) nor fined [therefor]. 
 
VERBS OF HJNDBEING AND FEAEING. 133 
 
 The army begged Alexander with tears (§ 546, R. 3) to put 
 an end to the war. Herod {^Serodes) gives orders {imperare) 
 for the children (parvult) to be slain. Let me perish rather 
 than be a burden to you. 
 
 IiXXXII. Verbs of Hindering. 
 Gt. 547 ; A. 50, 3, « ; A. & S. 363, R. 9 ; B. 1231 ; H. 498. 
 
 208. I will not hinder that being done. I do not deter you 
 from changing your opinion {sententia). The humble origin 
 {ignobilitas) of Marius and Cicero did not stand in the way of 
 their working up {enlti) to the consulship {pi.). Much may 
 stand in the way of the accomplishment {verb) of your en- 
 deavors {conatum) It was the fault of the general {per 
 aliqitem stare quominus) that the blow {elddes) received at 
 Cannae was not repaid {reddo) to the enemy. 
 
 IiXXXIII. Verbs of Fearing. 
 G. 553 ; A. 70, 3; A. & S. 263, R. 7 ; B. 1315 ; H. 493, 4. 
 
 209. I fear {vereor) that I am troublesome {molestus) to you 
 I fear that I have preached my sermons {praeoepta canere) tf 
 deaf ears. I was worried {ango, Tmpf.) [for fearj that I had 
 let something disgraceful {dedecus) come-to-my-charge {admit- 
 tere. Pass, constr.). I fear he has not received the letter. I do 
 not fear that the enemy will not be conquered.* I fear that, 
 if I give this letter to him, he will open it {solvere.) 
 
 liXXKIV. Sentences of Tendency and Result. 
 
 G. 553 foil. ; A. 65 ; A. & S. 263 ; R. 3 ; B. 1318 ; H. 494. 
 Sequence of Tenses, Gt. 510 foil. ; A. 58, 10 ; A. & S. 358; B. 1164; H. 480. 
 
 210. The severity {gravitas) of the sickness makes us need 
 {egere) medicine. [It is] by obedience {obseqiiium) [that] you 
 have brought it about {effioere) that no one is dearer to the 
 prince than you. 
 
 * NB— HON, more frequently after aegatives. 
 
134 SENTENCES OF TENDENCY AND EESULl. 
 
 It often happens that the most perspicacious man fails to 
 notice (fallit me = it escapes my notice) what lies {positum est) 
 before [his] eyes. The proconsul took many cities and plun- 
 dered the temples of the gods ; and hence it came ahout that 
 he had a [super] abundance of gold and silver. It happened 
 accidentally (forte) that we met {obviam esse) the line of march 
 (agmen). He ought to be a greater friend to me than to those 
 men, who have always been bitter enemies to us [and § 630], 
 by whose artifices it has been brought about that the slate is 
 (§ 512, R. 2) in its present (Jilc) condition. If this statement 
 (enlXnciatio) is not true, it follows that it is false. It is owing 
 to {fieri with Abl.) your dilatoriness {ounctatio) that Hannibal 
 has had (§ 221) Italy as a province for more than nine years 
 {jam decimum dnnum) [and] has lived here longer than in 
 Carthage. 
 
 Some animals as-foi'-instance {ut) the tiger {tigris) and the 
 hyena {hyaena) are so savage {ferdx) that they cannot be 
 tamed in any way. The enemy rushed up {advolare) so quickly 
 that the people in the fields were surprised {opprimere). The 
 ways of living [= institutions of life] are so {sic) different 
 {distdre) that the Cretans ( Cretensis) deem it honorable to com- 
 mit highway-robbery {latrocindrl). So much [and only so 
 much] meat {cihus) and drink {potio) is to be taken {adhibere) 
 as to restore {JPass.) the strength {vires), not overpower 
 {opprimere) [it]. There arose (exorlrl) a violent storm {turbida 
 tempestds) [so] that we could not leave {profidscl) the harbor. 
 
 LXXXV. Sentences of Tendency and Result. 
 
 211. It is rare for a man to respect {vereri) his own judgment 
 sufficiently. It is true that Scipio (i) surpassed all-other {ceterl) 
 generals in good luck, it is not to be denied {tnfitidrl) that 
 Hannibal excelled {praestare) Scipio in skill (prudentia). It 
 is not right that envy should be an attendant {comes) of worth, 
 
 Tantum abest ut. 
 
 212. So far from his changing ray plan, I think that he himself 
 ought to be sorry for having given up {decedere de) his own. 
 
TEMPOBAl SEKTENCES. 135 
 
 So far from grieving that his mother-in-law (socrm) was dead, 
 he got up {mstruere) a party (conmvium) three days (triduum) 
 after she was buried (efferre, § 566). So far were the ancient 
 Romans from luxury that they used to swear at the Megalen- 
 sian games not to take (uti) any wine except {nisi) native 
 (patriae). 
 
 Exceptional Sequence of Tenses in Sentences of Jtesult- 
 
 G. 513 A. 58, 10, c ; A, & S. 358 ; K. 3 (c) ; B. 1168 ; H. 488, 3. 
 
 213. The desire of driving the Romans from Sicily went so far 
 {adeo procedere) that even the besieged (§ 566) at Syracuse 
 plucked up courage {animos tollere). All the roads were 
 blocked { praecludere) by cavalry so that of that great {tantus) 
 multitude scarcely a thousand got off {evddo). The army was 
 so {eo usque) cut to pieces (oaedere) that of {ex) eighteen 
 thousand men not more [than § 311, R. 4] two thousand es- 
 caped. Twenty-five jurymen {judex) were so brave as to have 
 preferred to perish themselves rather than ruin the State. It 
 happened (evenire) that both consuls came to Praeneste on the 
 same day. So many ships were collected that you would have 
 thought (§ 252) that all the forests of Italy had not been suffi- 
 cient for building so great a fleet. Such a mixed-multitude 
 (turbo) of people had filled all the roads that you would have 
 said that Africa was suddenly forsaken (relinqul). 
 
 IiXXXVI. Temporal Sentences. 
 Antecedent Action. 
 a 563 ; A. 63, 3, a ; A. & S. 359 ; R. 1 (d) ; B. 1337 ; H. 474. 
 
 214. After the war was finished (cdnfioere) the consul returned 
 to Rome and triumphed. After the soldiers had gained the 
 victory, they left the vanquished nothing (nihil reliqui facere). 
 When (quum) Scipio said this, he suddenly caught sight of 
 (cCnspicere) Lucius Ftirius coming, and as-soon-as (ut) he [had] 
 saluted him, laid hold of him (apprehendere) in the most 
 cordial [= friendly] manner, and seated him (ponere) on his 
 sofa (lectus). As soon as (quum pnmum) 1 got to Rome, I 
 
136 INDEFINITE PEEQUENCT. 
 
 thought there was nothing I had to do (§ 353) sooner than 
 (quam ut) congratulate you {alicul gratulari). Three days 
 after the king came, he put his forces in line (in aciem educere), 
 but after the battle {pugnarl) began [his] line gave way 
 (incUnarl). After [he saw that] the men were unwilling to 
 renew {redintegrdre) the fight, he withdrew into winter-quar- 
 ters. After I tell you what I think, you ought to believe me. 
 After I have thought out (excogitdre) a plan, you ought to try 
 {iiti) [it]. 
 
 Postquam. 
 G. 564-5 ; A. 64, 3, a, R. 1 ; A. & S. 259; B..l,d; B. 1349. 
 
 215. The besieged (oppiddm) surrendered (i. e. themselves) forty- 
 seven days after we began to besiege them. Fifty years after 
 Themistocles left Athens because (Bel.) he could not defend 
 it, Pericles refused to do the same thing, although he held noth- 
 ing but (praeter) the walls. Cimon was recalled to his country 
 five years after he was banished. Gnaeus Scipio was killed 
 eight years after he came to Spain [and] twenty-nine days 
 after the death of his brother. 
 
 Iterative Action. 
 G. 568-9 ; A. 63, 1 ; A. & S. 259, R. 4 (3) ; H. 475, 3, 486, 5. 
 
 216. Physicians employ-remedies-for {mederl) even the smallest 
 pai-t of the body, if it sufiers {condoUre). Fortune, for the 
 most part {plerumque), makes those blind whom she embraces. 
 As often as {ut) a man (quisque) killed an enemy, he wasted 
 (terere) time by cutting ofi" (absoidere) [his] head. Women in 
 India, when the husband of any one {quis, § 302) dies, enter 
 into a contest [certdmen) which one he loved (diligere) most. 
 The general did not leave {egredl) the standing camp (statlva) 
 except (nisi) when want of forage {pabulum) forced him to 
 change [his] position. The whole theatre {pi.) cries out {ex- 
 cldmdre) if a verse is one syllable (§ 400) too short (§ 312) or 
 {aut — aut) too long. As often as each cohort charged {pro- 
 
TEMPORAL SENTENCES. 137 
 
 eurrere), a great number of the enemy fell. When we see 
 swallows, we think (arbitrdri) that summer is beginning. The 
 further they advanced (pro/erre) [their] camp, the further 
 they were from water. Whenever the enemy made an attack 
 (impetum facere) on any part [= on whatever {qvlcumqite) 
 part], they forced our men to give ground (load cedere). 
 Young ducks (pulli, andtum) leave the hens, by which they 
 have been hatched (excludere), as soon as they see the water. 
 Whenever [si quando) you come to my house, you will find a 
 bed ready. 
 
 IiXXXVU. Temporal Sentences. 
 
 G. 570 foil. ; A. 58, 3, e; A. 363, 4 ; B. 1239 ; H. 521 foil. 
 
 (1.) Contemporaneous Action. 
 
 217. While my wife is getting ready (se oomparari), a whole 
 hour passes {aVvre). While the Romans were making-prepara- 
 tions and consultations (cdnsultare), Saguntum was attacked 
 (Impf.) with might and main (sutnma vis). The consul kept 
 the enemy busy (tenere) as long as there was any {quidquam, 
 § 371) [day]light. Cato, as long (quoad) as he lived, increased 
 in reputation for virtue (virtutum laus). We favored you so 
 long as (dum) we saw that you were a fi-iend of virtue and an 
 enemy of vice. Hannibal went with his army from Spain 
 [Hispdnia) to Italy, and defeated the Romans with small 
 forces, until at length he was compelled to leave Italy with great 
 loss (detrwnentum). Metellus found in Rhodes an honorable 
 retreat [perfugium), and gave himself up to literature and 
 philosophy until he was recalled to [his] country by the author- 
 ity of the senate and the order of the people. I shall not be 
 able to rest until I ascertain {resdsco) how you are (quid 
 agisf). The Thracians did not move a jot (nihil) until the 
 Romans passed by. They will not make an end of following 
 until they drive the enemy headlong. Caesar determined to 
 tarry (mordrl) in Gaul until he knew that the legions were 
 posted (oollocare) and the winter-quarters fortified. Let [my] 
 friends perish, so long as [my] enemies go down (intercidere) 
 
138 TEMPOEAl SENTENCES. 
 
 too (una). We are ready to bear toils and burdens if we only 
 gain {adipisci) the victory. It is never base to be overcome, 
 provided that you do not throw away {prdjicere) your arras. 
 
 They rested the following day to let the prefect meanwhile 
 [= while the prefect should] inspect the youth of the city. I 
 told him that you had waited for his arrival as long as [quoad) 
 you could. I should have preferred to have stayed {residere) 
 in some town or other until I was sent for (aroesso). 
 
 Exspecto. 
 
 218. He waited to get the news from (certidrem fieri de) the 
 army. If he is waiting until I bring him the newspaper 
 (acta diurna), let him begone. He thought that I would wait 
 for the moon to wane (senescere). Each (uterque) general wag 
 waiting [to see, § 462, 2] whether the forces of the enemy would 
 try (§ 515, R. 2) to cross the river. What are you waiting 
 for? [= for what to take place (quid ut) are you waiting?]. 
 
 (2.) Subsequent Action. 
 Ante (Prius) quam. 
 G. 576 foil.; A. 63, 2, c; A. &«. 263, 3; B. 1237, 1241; H. 528. 
 ?19. Before I speak of the misfortunes of Sicily, it seems to 
 me (§ 528) that I ought to say a few [words] about the dignity, 
 the antiquity (vetustds) [and] the value (utilitds) of the prov- 
 ince. The feelings (animus) are often engrossed (oecupare) by 
 angry passion (Iracundia) before reason can (§ 559) provide 
 against their being engrossed (§ 548; § 512, R. 2). All the 
 enemy turned [their] backs, and did not cease (desistere) to run 
 until [= before] they arrived (pervenire) at the river Rhine. 
 Although (etsi) I understand (teneo) what he is ready to say, 
 yet I will make no counter remark (nihil contra disputa/re) 
 before he has said [it]. A careful physician, before attempt- 
 ing (conarl) to apply a remedy (mediclnam adhibere) to a sick 
 man, ought to make himself acquainted with (co(]ndscere) his 
 disease. The Romans wished to protect the Saguntines, but 
 Hannibal took their town before the Romans came to their 
 
TEMPORAL SENTENCES. 139 
 
 help. It is better to give before you are asked. Tou will be 
 conquered long {multo) before you perceive that you are con- 
 quered. Why should you despair before you try {temptare) ? 
 The Achaeans did not dare to begin the war before the ambas- 
 sadors had returned from Rome. Brutus requested me to cor- 
 rect his speech before publication {edere). 
 
 IiZXXVni. Temporal Sentences. 
 
 Quum. 
 
 G. 580 foil. ; A. 63 ; A. & S. 363, 5; B. 1337, 1344, 1347, 1350, 1383 ; H. 
 515, 517, 518, 3. 
 
 220. He who does not ward off {defendere) an injury nor repel 
 [it] (propulsdre) when he can, acts {faoit) unjustly. When a 
 wise man is {§ 234) derided by the foolish rabble, he will not be 
 indignant. Conon was general at the end of (extremus) the 
 Peloponnesian {Peloponnesiacus) war, when the forces of the 
 Athenians were vanquished (devincere) by Lysander at Aegos 
 potamoi {Aegos flumen). Tarquin was making-preparations to 
 surround the city with a wall (§ 348), when the Sabine war 
 interrupted {intervenlre with Dat.) the undertaking. There 
 was a time when (§ 634) I too thought that we should recover 
 (recuperare) our liberty. The time will come when you will 
 feel-the-loss-of (deslderare) such brave allies (fortitudinem 
 sociorum). I have often heard my father say that he had 
 never been able to find a scholar that (qui quidem) equalled 
 you in diligence [= your diligence]. It is ten years that I have 
 been living (§ 221) in the country. It is six months since any 
 one [= that {quum) no one has] set foot {pedeni inferre) in 
 this house {aedes).* You have granted me enough in granting 
 that disgrace seems to you a greater evil than pain. 
 
 221. A boy finding an oar [as he was] walking on the shore, 
 became eager {concupiscere) to build a ship. As Pyrrhus was 
 besieging Argos, he pei-ished {in(enre) by a blow with a stone 
 [= struck (icere) by a stone]. When Perseus succeeded his 
 
 * Lapses of time are treated as designations of time in Ace. or Abl. Multl Snnl sant 
 qunm (= mnltos annos) in aere meO est— (Z* ie) many years (thaCi he lias bem in mg 
 debt; qaum in aere meO nOn fait = mnltis Snnls nOn fnit. 
 
140 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 
 
 father on the throne [patris inq^erio succedere), he stirred up 
 {incitdre) all the tribes (gSns) of the Gauls against the Romans. 
 
 Hoping that my friend would return, I remained in the city, 
 but receiving the intelligence (nUntitts) that he was detained 
 (retinere) at Brundusium by sickness, I departed. Zopyrus, as 
 no one doubted {de) his fidelity, was received into the city and 
 unanimously {omnium suffragiis) appointed leader. The states 
 (clvitas) of Greece {ac^.) all lost the command {imperium) 
 because each one {singulae) wanted to command. Man does 
 not need the strength {vires) of the elephant, as he is endowed 
 with reason. 
 
 I do not consider Marcus Regulus unfortunate; for although 
 his body was captured and tortured {crucidre) by the Funics, 
 his soul {animus) could not be captured. It seems to me that 
 men, although they are in many things inferior {humilis) and 
 weaker, excel {praesidre) beasts in this {hdc re) especially 
 {maxime) that {qicod) they have the power of {posse) speech 
 {Inf.). He did not seek {petere) honours, although they were 
 open {patere) to him on account of {propter) his position 
 {dignitds). 
 
 IiXXXIX. Conditional Sentences. 
 G. 590 foil. ; A. 59 ; A. & S. 359, E. 3, 360, II. ; B. 1359 foil. ; H. 503 foil. 
 
 222. If virtues are equal {pdr) to one another (§ 212), it follows 
 that vices are also equal. If I have said anything by way of 
 jest {per Jocum), do not turn it into a serious [matter]. If 
 what (illud quod) we wish happens (§ 234, R. 1) we shall rejoice, 
 if not (§ 593) we shall bear [the result] with equanimity. If 
 we do not (236, R. 2) lop off {reseedre) the passions, in vain 
 shall we endeavor to live happily. Limbs are amputated 
 {amputdre), if they begin (§ 569) to be without blood. 
 
 223. If you were to know me [well] enough, you would not 
 think that I could betray [my] country. What good man 
 would hesitate to meet death for [his] country, if he should 
 expect (§ 129) to do her good ? See in what year Piso was 
 quaestor or tribune ; should neither bit {quadrdre), see whether 
 
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 141 
 
 he lived at all (otnnmo) at the time of that war. "Would a 
 physician {medicus), when a patient (aegrotus) had been turned 
 over* {tradere) to another physician, he angry with the physi- 
 cian who had succeeded him,* if he were to change some 
 things that he had prescribed {cdnstituere) in his treatment 
 {in Gurando) ? 
 
 224. Most persons cannot do a thing because they will not; 
 they could, if they would. Antigonus would have saved 
 {servare) Euraenes [when he was] captured, if his men had 
 allowed him to do so {per aliquem licet), but those who were 
 about {circa) [him] did not suffer it, because they saw that 
 they would all be of little value by-the-side-of {prae) Eumenes. 
 If I had conquered you, Scipio, quoth Hannibal, I should put 
 myself before all other generals. Quintus would have stayed 
 {esse) longer with me, if I had been desirous of it (§ 599, R. 1). 
 
 22.5. If we had been energetic {impiger) in bringing help [= if 
 we had brought help energetically] to the Saguntines, we might 
 have averted the whole war. The Gauls had nearly taken the 
 capitol, had not the geese by their noise {clangor) waked the 
 soldiers out of sleep. K you had not hastened, we should all 
 have had to die. The commonwealth might be perpetual, if 
 we lived {vlvitur) according to {Abl.) the constitution {patria 
 tnstituta). If Publius Sextius, who was left for dead \_— killed], 
 had been [really] killed, would you have (239) taken up arms 
 {ad arma Ire) ? 
 
 226. It is not doubtful that if Caesar had not perished {exstin- 
 gut) by an untimely {immaturus) death, the condition of Rome 
 under the Empire would have been far different {alius). ISo 
 one doubted [= it was doubtful to no one] that if the general 
 had come immediately, he might easily have crushed the con- 
 spiracy of the soldiers. No one doubts that if the city had 
 been taken, the enemy would have been conquered. He gave 
 so tardily that he would have done a greater favor {plus 
 
 * Perf. Bnbjiinotiye. 
 
145 CONDITIOlsrAL SENTENCES. 
 
 pracgidre), if he had refused {?ieffare) quickly. I do not doubt 
 that if you had followed my advice, you would not be in suclr 
 poverty. 
 
 If you should be prevented by sickness from coming to me 
 in the country [= to the country], I beg you to write us soon 
 how you are {quid agis). If Antiochus had consented [veUe) 
 to follow {parere) the counsels of Hannibal, he would have 
 fought for empire (summa inijiern) nearer to the Tiber than 
 to Thermopylae. The book-keeping (ratio) of benefits is sim- 
 ple: so much is spent [erogare); if something comes back, it 
 is a gain; if it does not come back, it is not a loss. If our 
 friend had followed (obsequV) the directions of the physician, 
 he must needs have died. Lucius Sulla was luck}% if there can 
 be any good luck {felicitas) in crime. Solon gave the Atheni- 
 ans such excellent and such useful laws, that if they had been 
 willing to follow [utl) them always, they would have had an 
 enduring (stabilis) empire. 
 
 XC. Conditional Sentences. 
 
 G. 604 ; A. 61, 1 ; A. & S. 363, 2 ; B. 1277 ; H. 506. 
 
 227. [Those things] which are very (per) difficult are often to 
 be regarded just as {perinde ac) if they could not be done. 
 Those who injure some {alii), in order to be liberal toward 
 others, are guilty-of [=: in the] same injustice as if they appro- 
 priated other people's property {aliena in suam rem convertere). 
 He loves you as if {tain — quani) he had lived with you. He 
 loved you as if he had lived with you. Soldiers enjoy present 
 abundance as if they knew for certain {exploratum habere) that 
 they would never be plagued {urgere, § 240, R.) by want ftgain. 
 Xerxes sent 4,000 armed men to Delphi to plunder the temple 
 of Apollo, as if he were carrying on war not only with the 
 Greeks but with the immortal gods. Iconsider (eaw^/mo) him 
 to be the best who forgives others {ceterl) as if he himself 
 sinned daily, but who (§ 639) refrains from sin as if he would 
 forgive none. My brother treats {tractdre) me as if I were a 
 king. 
 
COliTCBSSlVB SENTENCES. 143 
 
 G. 592, K. 2-4 ; A. 61, 4 ; A. & S. 261, R. 6, 277, R. 16 ; H. 506. 
 
 228. History (historia) at that time was nothing except the 
 putting together (cdnfectio) of annals. No rule {imperium) 
 can be safe except [when it is] fortified by good-will. Of 
 Homer, the prince of poets, almost nothing is known except 
 what nobody would be likely to believe [namely] that he was 
 born blind ; unless perhaps we believe that a blind man could 
 have described (exponere) so many and so various things so truly 
 and so clearly. I have received a silly {insulse soriptum) note 
 {Uterulae) from Peter {Petncs), unless perhaps everything that 
 you do not like (SubJ.) seems silly. What does it concern me 
 what you think of a book, which will not (§ 515) be pub- 
 lished (foras prodlre, § 633), unless liberty is recovered {re- 
 cuperare) ? 
 
 G. 597, R. 4 ; A. 61, 4 ; A. & S. 259, R. 4 (8). 
 
 229. Whether you follow the Peripatetics or the Stoics, you 
 must confess that there is in virtue guarantee {praesidium) 
 enough for a happy life. " We have to do {res est)," said he, 
 " with an (is) enemy that cannot bear either good or bad for- 
 tune. Whether he vanquishes or is vanquished (§ 569), he 
 shows (prae se ferre) the same savage-temper {ferocitds) ! " 
 Whether you linger {Gunctdri) or hasten, you will not find him 
 at home. 
 
 XCI. Concessive Sentences. 
 G. 605 ; A. 61, 2 ; A. & S. 271, R. 2 ; B. 1284 ; H. 514. 
 
 230. Even if there is nothing in glory that- it should be sought 
 after [= has nothing in itself for which, cur, § 634], neverthe- 
 less it follows virtue like {tamquam) [its] shadow. Although 
 [etsi) the ground (locus) was unfavorable (inlquus), neverthe- 
 less Caesar determined to attack the enemy. Even if you had 
 taken away from Sulla nothing but {nisi) [his] consulship, you 
 ought (§ 246, E. 1) to be content with that. Who will not 
 be shocked (offendere) by sueh baseness, even if it does not 
 [= should not be likely to, § 239] injure him ? No one, no mat- 
 ter how wealthy (loouples) he may be, can dispense with the aid 
 
144: KKLATIVE SENTENCES, 
 
 of Others (alienus). Although (licet) I have asked you to coitie 
 to me, nevertheless I know that you cannot help me. No 
 matter how much pleasure you may have in (dUectdn) the 
 flattery {adulatio) of courtiers [aulicus), they will, notwith- 
 standing, lay-plots {insidiari) against you. Granted that Rome 
 was founded before the time {pi.) of E.omulu8, nevertheless 
 the Roman historians {sertptor rh-um) begin with (a) him. 
 Granted that our soldiers' courage do not fail (§ 345, R. 1) 
 them [= courage do not fail our soldiers], nevertheless they 
 will not be able to resist the great multitude of the enemy. 
 The wicked do not escape [the charge of] impiety, although 
 {quamvls) they may have watered (= cruentdre) altars with 
 much blood. [But] few are so grateful that they think of 
 {cogitdre) what they have received, even if they do not see 
 [it]. They said that they knew that, although [etsi) they had 
 deserved ill of the Roman people, they would be in a better 
 condition {status) under the Romans, [though] angry, than 
 they had been under the Carthaginians [as] friends. 
 
 ZCn. Relative Santences. 
 
 G. 613 foil.; A. 48 ; A. & S. 206 ; B. 683, 1193 ; H. 445. 
 
 231. The deeds of Hannibal, who is known to have defeated 
 {vincere) the Romans so often {quoties), are admired by all of 
 us (§ 368, R. 2). The boy, while he is [yet] tender, must be 
 steeped {^nficere) in (§ 387) those arts from the absorption 
 (combibere) of which [= which when he shall have absorbed] 
 he will come better prepared for greater [things]. Great is the 
 admiration felt for ( Gen.) a man, who speaks eloquently and 
 wisely, for those who "hear him think that he is wiser than 
 everybody else. Philosophy contains the doctrine {discipUna) 
 not only {et) of duty {officium), but also (et) that (§293, R. 3) 
 of living well, so that he who teaches it {profiterl) seems to 
 undertake a very important part {partes). The ancient Greeks 
 called fate a blind ruler of gods and men, and thought that 
 even Jupiter, the father of gods and men, was subject to its 
 sway. Defeated, the Carthaginians begged the Romans for 
 
EELATITB SENTENCES. 145 
 
 peace ; and as Regulus would not grant it, except under the 
 harshest conditions, they begged the Lacedaemonians for help. 
 
 Let the punishment stop (cdnsistere) at those with whom the 
 fault originated (orm). I did not suppose that there were any 
 {nullus) human-beings in whose eyes {ubi) my life was hateful 
 [invisus). He betook himself to the Volsoians, with whom he 
 had taken refuge (cdnfugere) before. 
 
 Tell me what you think about public affairs {res pUMica). 
 To tell you what I [really] think, the state is in the hands of 
 (penes) abandoned men. The soldier slipped out (eldbi) 
 through the pickets {per intervalla stationum) and told the 
 commander of the enemy the facts of the case [= what had 
 been done]. They recounted {memordre) what dangers [= the 
 dangers that] threatened {portendl) their respective {suum 
 quisque) cities by land and sea, and begged the king for rein- 
 forcements {auxilia). 
 
 G. 616 foil, ; A. 48 : A. & S. 206 ; B. 683 foil.; H. 445 foil. 
 
 232. A benefit that is bestowed on anybody {quUibet) is a 
 favor {grdtus) to nobody. Everything {qmeunque') we say 
 {loqui) cannot be reduced {revocdre) to regular laws {ars et 
 praecepta). Are you the man that has lost everything ? We 
 are the men that have often loaded {curmddre) you with kind- 
 nesses {benefieium). The Lacedaemonians slew King Agis 
 {Ace. Agin), a thing that had never happened among them 
 before. Aratus of Sicyon {Adj.) thought — and this {Rel.) 
 showed (§ 365, R. 2) a wise man — that he ought to consult the 
 interest of all his [fellow] citizens. Dionysius was brave and 
 skilled in war, and — which is not easily found in a tyrant — 
 neither a debauchee {luxuriosus) nor avaricious. I have taken 
 refuge with you {confugere ad), to whom I am compelled — 
 the most wretched thing in my eyes {Dat.) — to be a burden 
 rather than a blessing. The city of Cadiz ( Gddes) was founded 
 by a Tyrian fleet, which founded Utica also. All {universus) 
 Italy took up {capere) arms against the Romans, and while 
 {ut, ita, § 484) their {Bel.) fortu-ne was horrible {atrdx) their 
 cause was just. Of the number of those {is numerus) who 
 
 10 
 
146 EELATTVB SENTENCES. 
 
 were {JPerJ\) consuls during those years many are dead. The poet 
 V irgil ( Vergilius) wrote an epic poem {carmen epicum), which 
 is called the Aeneid (Aeneis). The Gauls once plundered Del- 
 phi, the famous (superl.) oracle of Apollo, which was called 
 by the ancients the centre {umbiUcus) of the world {orhis ter- 
 rdrum). The Arabians have fleet {vel6x) horses and swift 
 camels, which [latter] they call the ships of the desert {deserta, 
 orum). This great war that had lasted so long {diuturnus), 
 by which [i. e. war] all nations were oppressed [premere), 
 Pompey brought to an end (cdnficere) in one year. 
 
 G. 618 foil. ; A. 48 ; A. & S. 306 ; B. 683 foil. ; H. 445 foil. 
 
 233. Animals {bestia) do not move [se commovere) from the 
 place in which they are born (§ 625). ApoUonius was wont to 
 urge (impellere) each man to (ad) the arts for which he thought 
 him fit. He is not to be endured (ferre) as an accuser, who is 
 himself caught (dSprehendere) in the vice, which he blames 
 (reprehendere) in another. Coriolanus fled to the Volscians, a 
 people that was at that time bitterly-hostile {in/estus) to the 
 name of Rome (adj.). Such is your shrewdness (prildentia), 
 that you will readily {facile) understand why I have not fol- 
 lowed your advice. In the year in which Tarquin the Over- 
 bearing was exiled from Rome, the Athenians exiled Hippias. 
 Marius having accomplished the business {Abl. Abs.) which he 
 had proposed to himself, returned to Cirta. The day I heard 
 that tyrant called {appelldre) a renowned {clarus) man, I began 
 to distrust. The mountain, which the exiles liad taken posses- 
 sion of {capere), was grassy {herbidus) and well- watered 
 {aquosus). Verres sent to King Antiochus to ask for {rogare) 
 the most beautiful vessels he had seen at his palace {apud eum). 
 Philip subjugated {subigere) the Aetolians {Aetoll), deserted 
 [as they were] by the Romans, the only help to which they 
 trusted. I see that I am deserted by those, who ought to have 
 been the last to do so [= by whom it was least proper, con- 
 venit]. Being {quum) in the straits {angustiae) in which I 
 have shown him [to have been], he resolved to resign his 
 office. At that time they began {coeptum est) at Athens to 
 
EELATIVB SENTENCES. 147 
 
 choose the archons {archontas, aco.pl.) for ten years, a cnstoro 
 which remained seventy years. 
 
 G. 635, 639 ; A. 63, 1 ; A. & S. 264. 13, 280, III. (1), 364, 3; B. 1352 ; 
 H. 486, 5. 
 
 234. Whichever way {qudcunque) we turn [se commovere,^ 
 Perf.), we stumble against {offendere in) simpletons {stuUusj 
 or scoundrels (improlus). However {utut) things turn out 
 {esse), remember to urge as an excuse {excusare) my ill health 
 (valetudo). No matter who it is (quicunque) that reaches a 
 high-position [fasttgium), [he] will become dizzy {vertlgine 
 corripi). We never return to our parents what we receive from 
 them, nor will our children return to us what they receive from 
 us. The maiden was of such extraordinary beauty {adeo 
 eximia forma) that in whatever direction {quacunque) she 
 walked (incedere, Jmp/.), she attracted (eonvertere) every- 
 body's eyes. 
 
 235. The last baifle of the war will never be effaced from 
 (oblUterdre in) my mind, for I lost both [my] father and [my] 
 uncle in it. The wall was torn down (diruere), for it separated 
 (dirimere) the city from the citadel. You are all of less value 
 (pretium) than Albius and Atrius, for you have subjected 
 (subjicere) yourselves to them. The senate held a consultation 
 (cdnsultdre) about receiving Cybele, for a recent message had 
 come that she was at Tarracina. 
 
 236. Sestius was expected day before yesterday (nudiwstertius), 
 but he has not come (304), so far as I know. None of the 
 poets, so far as I have read them, has ever equalled the silliness 
 of Maevius. My competitors (competitor) — so far as they seem 
 to be fixed (certus) — are Galba and Antonius. All my sister's 
 children that I have seen have grey (caesius) eyes. All tlie 
 provinces, so far indeed (quidem) as they belong (esse) to the 
 mainland, have been occupied by the enemy. 
 
 G. 630-31 ; A. 66, 3 ; 67, 1, 6; A. & S. 366 ; B. 1391, 1395, 1219 ; H. 530. 
 
 237. All men are persuaded {persudsum habere) that God is 
 the master and regulator (moderator) of all things, and that 
 
148 EKLATIVE SENTENCES. 
 
 what liappens, happens according to his will. Atnhiorix ex- 
 horted the 'Nervii not to let this opportunity slip (praetermittere 
 = to let slip) of taking vengeance for (iiJcisci) the insults, 
 which they had received from the Romans. Quintilian's pre- 
 cept is excellent, [namely] that parents should do nothing 
 (§ 543, 4) that is unbecoming {foedus) nor (§ 450) say [any 
 thing] that is shameful to hear (§ 437). I beg you not to 
 spare expense {s'Clmptiis) in anything that is necessary for your 
 health. There is nothing more disgraceful than to carry on 
 war with a man {is), with whom {qulcum) you have livedon 
 intimate terms {familiariter). In the [case of] paintings, it 
 happens [usu venit) that those who-are unacquainted-with-the- 
 art {impend) relish {delectari) and praise things that are not to 
 be praised. There is nothing that cannot be bought, if you will 
 give as much as the seller {venditor) wants. If it were not for 
 merchants (§ 592, R. 1), there would be no exportation of the 
 thing's (195, R. 4) in which we abound (§ 51'7,'R. 3), nor impor- 
 tation {invectio) of the things that we need. This [is what] I 
 wonder at, that any man (§ 304) should so {ita) desire {velle) 
 to destroy another, as to scuttle {perforare) even the vessel 
 in which he himself is sailing {navigdre). He sent [word] to 
 the dictator that he wanted another army to oppose {passive) to 
 Hannibal. " Since the colonies have rebelled," said King George, 
 " let us send commissioners {legdfi) to rebuke, not to entreat 
 them." I have found scarcely any one who did not think that 
 what Caesar demanded ought to be granted, rather than have 
 a fight [about it] {depugndre). There is no one who has 
 equalled Hannibal in hate [= the hate of Hannibal] of the 
 Romans. 
 
 G. 633 foil. ; A. 65, 3 ; A. & 8. 364, 5 foil. ; B. 1307 ; H. 500. 
 
 238. The enemy {pi.) sent cavalry first to draw out {elicere) 
 our men, and then to surround and attack them. The messen- 
 gers, who were to bring the king the tidings that his son had 
 fallen, were taken {ditcere) into the royal palace to set forth 
 {exponere) to the king in person {ipse) what they had seen and 
 heard concerning the death of his son. The Carthaginians 
 
RELATIVE SENTENCES. 149 
 
 sent ambassadors to Rome to congratulate the senate and 
 people of Rome with a present of a golden wreath, which was 
 to he deposited {ponere) in the sanctuary {cello) of Jupiter. 
 There are people who forget favors {beneficium) received, he- 
 cause they are ashamed of having received favors. The Mace- 
 donians {Maceddnes) felled trees which were too large for 
 armed soldiers possibly to carry. Philistus, who imitated 
 (Pf.) Thucy dides, deserves being counted among {numerdre in, 
 § 384, R.) the great historians (historiei). After almost the 
 whole world (orbis terrdrum) was brought into-a state-of-pacifi- 
 cation (pdcdre), the Roman empire was too great for it to be 
 possible that it should be subjugated by a foreign power. The 
 Roman race {gSns) is one (is) that cannot (nescire) stay 
 [quiSscere) beaten (vinoere). 
 
 How few are those {quotusquisque est) who say that 
 pleasure is not (§ 446) a blessing. You will find people who 
 think more (§ 879) of their safety than of the state. Miltiades 
 was [a man] of wonderful afEability, so that no one was so 
 humble as not to have free access to him {use : patet aditus). 
 An old man hasn't anything even to hope for (ne . . . quidem). 
 I am not ignorant that there are some who have stated (trddere) 
 that Carthage was taken the year before. I meet many (plu- 
 rimi) people every day ; for many are the gentlemen {optimus 
 vir) who come here for the sake of [their] health. I know not 
 what to answer, except this one thing, that I am sorry for 
 what I have done (factum). 
 
 a. 636 ; A. 65, 2 ; A. & S. 264, 8 ; B. 1251 ; H. 517, 516, II. 
 239. After the battle of AUia (AlliSnsis) a great number of 
 Romans fled to Veji, where they thought that they were safer 
 than at Rome. Against the Tarentines, who live (esse) in 
 Lower Italy, war was declared by the Romans for having done 
 wrong to (injuria afficere) the ambassadors of the Romans. 
 Miserable old man ! not to have perceived in so long a life that 
 death is to be despised. The senators of Rome, thinking that 
 they would never be free from machinations (sine insidiis esse) 
 BO long as Hannibal was alive (Abl. Abs.), sent ambassadors to 
 
150 OBJECT AND CAUSAL SENTEKCBS. 
 
 Bithynia (y) to demand of Prusias that he should put him to 
 death. The creditor turned (Sjicere) the poor-fellow out of 
 house [andTiome], although he had not yet buried (eff'erre) hia 
 father. Nero, although he was [a man] of unbounded de- 
 bauchery, was indisposed (languere) [but] three times, all-told 
 (ommno), in {per) fourteen years. Atticus, wanting the com- 
 munity set free, paid-the-eash (numerare) out of {de) his own 
 [purse]. The rascal ! (homo nequam) not to have awaited (eav 
 spectare) your convenience [commodum). 
 
 I wrote in-reply {rescribo) that I was worse, and that on that 
 account I wanted her to come to me at once. Massinissa com- 
 plained that Scipio had not attacked Syphax at once, for he 
 knew to a certainty (eertum habere) that he would go over 
 (dejlcere) to the Carthaginians. 
 
 Cato, who could have held Sicily without any trouble {nuUo 
 negotio), and to whom, if he had held it, all the conservatives 
 {honi) would have flocked {se cSnferre), set out from Syra- 
 cuse day before yesterday {nudiustertius). At the first watch, 
 Fabius gave a signal to those who were in the citadel {arx) and 
 who had the harbor in charge {custodia partus). 
 
 XCIIL Olyect and Causal Sentences. 
 
 G. 524 foil. ; A. 70, 5 ; A. & S. 206 (U) ; B. 1258 ; H. 554 
 
 240. That there is a God we conclude [efficere) from the fact 
 that the belief in {opinio) God is innate in all. You have done 
 me a great {superl. ) favor {gratum facere) in writing me what 
 has happened in the city. It was a gift {munus) of fortune 
 that Atticus was born in the city, in which was the seat {domi- 
 cilium) of the empire of the world ; it was a proof {specimen) 
 of his good sense {prudentia) that he was dear to the Atheni- 
 ans above all others (§ 317). Children do well to keep nothing 
 secret from {celdre) their parents. Nothing destroyed the 
 maritime cities [of] Carthage and Corinth more than that, in 
 [their] desire for trade and navigation, they had given up 
 {relinquere) agriculture {agrorum citltus) and arms. The 
 
OBJECT AND CAUSAL SENTENCES. 151 
 
 circumstance that Isocrates was hindered< (§§ 547-51) from 
 speaking in public by the weakness {tnfirmitas) of his voice 
 did not prevent him frora being considered a distinguished 
 orator. As for your exhorting me to be hopeful {spem habere) 
 of recovering my former prosperity, I-would-have-you-to-know 
 (sc^o) that the condition of the state is now such that we must 
 fear that it will soon succumb to the machinations (tnsidiae) 
 of the revolutionists (mall). 
 
 G. 538 foil. ; A. 63, 1 ; A. & S. 373, 5 ; B. 1250 ; H. 520. 
 241. Most seafarers {nauta) of antiquity were at first [= in the 
 beginning] pirates {plrata), because piracy (plratica) was not 
 regarded as a crime (§ 350). Seeing that (quoniam) the life 
 which we enjoy is short, we ought to make our memory (§ 363) 
 as long as possible. Admirably {dlvlrms, comp. § 441 end) 
 does Plato call pleasure a bait (esea) for ( Gren.) the bad, because 
 by it men are caught as fish (pi) by the hook (hamus). We 
 read that Mithridates hated the Romans because by their 
 arrival his power had been diminished. Suetonius tells [usj 
 that Caesar pulled down a country-house (villa) which had been 
 built at great expense, because it did not suit him as well-as-he- 
 could-have-desired (ex sententia, ex voluntdte). We have been 
 warned (admonere) to be on our guard (cavere) against being 
 caught up (excipere) by highwaymen, because they will get 
 (§ 515) to the place which we are making for (petere) sooner 
 than we can. Fabius Maximus did not wish his son to be made 
 consul, not that he laeked-confidence-in (diffidere with dat.) his 
 distinguished virtues, for he was an excellent man — but in order 
 that this high office should not be kept up (aontinuare) in one 
 family. I wish you would write to me what answer-he-has- 
 given (respondere) in my case (de me), not that his promise 
 will do (§ 515) me any good, but because I shall be able to say 
 that there is nothing that I have not tried (§ 634). The [de- 
 cision of the] struggle (certamen) was doubtful (anceps), rather 
 (magis) because the enemy had made a sudden charge than 
 because he was a match in strength (vires). A captive having 
 (quum) gone from the camp by permission (voluntas) of Han- 
 
152 COMPAKATIVE SENTENCES. 
 
 nibal, returned soon afterwards, because, as he said, he had 
 forgotten something. The king would not make peace because 
 he thought that the Aetolians would never keep quiet. 
 
 ZCIV. Correlative Sentences. 
 
 G. 645-6 ; A. 22 ; A. & S. 206, 16 ; B. 706 foil. ; H. 458. 
 
 242. They say that Plato had the same view (idem sendre, § 458, 
 R. 2) of the eternal-existence {aetemitas) of the soul [animus, 
 PL) as Pythagoras. As you sow {sementem facere, § 236), so 
 shall you reap {m.etere). Marcellus had taken it into his head 
 (in animum, inducere) that nobody was as good a match (tarn 
 par) for Hannibal as himself. Esteem other men as highly as 
 you wish to be esteemed by them. Citizens are usually of the 
 same character (talis) as the leading-men in the state. After 
 Hannibal had fled from home, he called his brother Mago to 
 him, and when the Punics (Poem) heard of it (resotscere, 
 § 612), they visited (afficere) Mago with the same punishment 
 as bis brother. Hannibal had not supposed that so many 
 nations in Italy would revolt (deficere) as did revolt after the 
 battle of Cannae (CannSnsis). You have stained (aspergere) 
 your character [= yourself] with a great bl,ot (labes) by 
 charging (insimulare) that innocent old man with crimes such 
 as no one will ever believe him to have committed. We have 
 an amount (tantum) of leisure that it has not been our good 
 fortune to have (contingit aiieul) for a long time. 
 
 The better a man is, the harder it is for him to [= with the 
 more difficulty does he] suspect (suspicari) that others are knaves 
 (improbus). The more a man is furnished (ornatvs) with vir- 
 tues, the more is he to be reverenced (colere). Every learned 
 man is [proportionally] modest. As I live, what my sister and 
 I have told you, is true. As I live, my brother and myself will 
 never desert you. Numa Pompilius was a man deeply-learned 
 (cdnmltissimus) for that age in all divine and human law. If 
 you will write to me how you are, it will be the greatest possi- 
 T»le favor to me (§ 645, R. 5). The Romans acted prudently 
 [as far as that was possible] in so rash an undertaking. 
 
COMPAEATITB SBNTBlfCES WITH QUAM. 153 
 
 XCV. Comparative Sentences vrith Qaam. 
 G. 647 ; A. 54. 5 ; A. & S. 256, 264, 4 ; B. 897 ; H. 417, 1, 6, 496, 3. 
 
 243. The causes of events excite (movere) me more than the 
 events themselves. He said that the causes of events excited 
 him more than the events themselves. I am desirous of hear- 
 ing Stephanus, a higher authority {locuples auctor) than Casau- 
 bon himself I give myself up to Catullus, a poet of greater 
 elegance (venustus) than any of [his] contemporaries {aequalis). 
 Have you ever used a better ink {atrameiitmn) than mine ? 
 No castle is so lofty (excelsus) that a donkey {asellus) laden 
 with gold cannot ascend to {in) it. It was evident that the 
 tumult was too violent to be quieted {sedare). There was no 
 desertion {trdnsitionem facer e), because they had already com- 
 mitted crimes too great (magna delinquere) to be possibly for- 
 given. Not less than twenty thousand men were killed or 
 taken prisoners. [Pie was] not less than forty years old [when] 
 he married. He advanced too incautiously for [his] time of 
 life (aetas), for he was by that time {jam) sixty years old, and 
 ten years older than his colleague. Agamemnon slew [his] 
 daughter Iphigenia, than whom there never was a lovelier 
 maiden in all Greece. I have read Charles's last novel (fdhida), 
 than which I can imagine {mihi substituere) nothing more 
 absurd. 
 
 ZCVI. Oratio Obllqua. 
 
 Remark. — The teacher is advised to make his own exercises in Oratio 
 Obllqua from the classical texts. The exercises given here are Intended 
 only as specimens. They can be multiplied by throwing the Exercises 
 already given into Indirect Discourse. This is specially recommended 
 for the Conditional Sentence. 
 
 A. Oratio Obllqua into Oratio Recta. 
 
 244. (1.) Legi scrlptum : esse avem quae platalea nominaretur ; 
 eam sibi cibum quaerere advolantem ad eas aves quae se in 
 mare mergerent ; quae quum emersissent piscemque ceplssent 
 usque eo premere earum capita mordicus, dum illae captum 
 
154 
 
 OEATIO OBLltJUA. 
 
 amitterent, in quod ipsa invadit. Eadem haec avis sciibitur 
 coiichis so solei-e complere easque quum stomachi calore con- 
 coxerit evomere atque ita eligere quae sunt {§ 630, R. 2) escu- 
 lenta. Cic. ISTat. Deor., ii. 124. 
 
 (2.) Romulus [raptaa Sabinas] dooebat patrum id superbia 
 factum, qui connubium finitimis negSssent. Illas tamen in 
 m^trimonio, in societate fortunarum omnium civitatisque et quo 
 nihil carius hiimano generi sit, liberum fore. Mollii-ent modo 
 ii-as et quibus fors corpora dedisset, darent animSs. Saepe ex 
 injuria postmodum gratiam ortam, eoque melioribus usuras 
 viris quod adnisiirus pro se quisque sit, ut parentium etiam 
 patriaeque expleat desiderium. Liv., i. 9. 
 
 (3.) Idoneos nactus homines per quos ea, quae vellet, ad 
 [Pompgjum] perferrentur, [Caesar] petit quoniam Pompei 
 mandata ad se detulerint ne graventur sua quoque ad eum 
 postulata deferre, si (§ 462) parvo labore magnas controversias 
 tollere possint ; sibi semper primam reiplblicae fulsse digni- 
 tatem yltaque potiorem. Doluisse quod populi Romani bene- 
 ficium sibi ab iniraicis extorqueretur. Tamen hanc jactiiram 
 honoris sui reiptblicae causa aequo animo tulisse. [At] tota 
 Italia delectus haberi, retineri legiones duo quae ab se sint 
 abdtlctae. Quonam haec omnia nisi ad suam perniciem perti- 
 nere ? Caesar, B. C. i. 9. 
 
 (4.) Concurrebant legati centuriones tribunique militum ; ne 
 dubitaret proelium committere. Omnium esse militum para- 
 tissimos animos ; quod si iniquitatem loci timeret, datum iri 
 tamen aliquo loco pugnandi facultatem, quod certe inde dece- 
 dendum esset Afranio nee sine aqua permanere posset . . , 
 (Caesar respondit) . . . cur vulnerari pateretur optime de se 
 meritos milites ? Cur fortunam pertclitaretur ? 
 
 Caesar, B. C. i. 72. 
 
 (5.) Loquitur Afranius: Don esse aut ipsis aut militibus 
 succSnsendum quod fidem erga imperatorem suum conservare 
 voluerint, sed satis jam feclsse officio satisque supplicii tuUsse ; 
 
OEATIO OBLIQUA. 155 
 
 itaque se victos confiterl ; orare atque obsecrare, si qui locus 
 misericordiae relinqua.tur, ne ad ultimumsupplicium pr6gredi 
 necesse habeant. Ad ea Caesar respondit . . . provinciis exce- 
 derent exercitumque diraitterent ; si id sit factum (§ 657, R.) 
 se nociturum nemini. Caesar, B. C. i. 84, 85. 
 
 (6.) Ad ea addidit preces ne se innoxiam invidia Hieronyinl 
 c6nflagrare sinerent. Nihil se ex regno illius praeter exsiliura 
 viri habere ; neque fortunam suain eandem vivo Hieronymo 
 fnisse quam sor5ris neque interfecto eo causam eandem esse. 
 Quid ? quod, si Andranodoro c6nsilia proc^sslssent, ilia cum 
 viro fuerit regnattira, sibi cum ceteris serviendum. Si quis 
 Zoippo nlntiet interfectum Hieronymum ac liberatas Syracusas, 
 cui dubium esse quin extemplo c6nsc^nsuru8 sit navem atque 
 in pati'iam rediturus ? At enim periculi quidem nihil ab se 
 tim.ere : invisam tamen stirpem regiam esse. Ablegarent ergo, 
 procul ab Syracusis et asportari Alexandriam juberent. Turn 
 omissis pro se precibus, puellis ut saltern parcerent orare Insti- 
 tit a qua aetate etiam hostes iratos abstinere ; ne tyrannos 
 ulciscendo scelera ipsi imitarentur. Liv., xxiv. 26. 
 
 (7.) Ilium eqnitem ajebant sex dierum spatio transcurrisse 
 longitudinem Italiae, et eo die cum Hasdrubale in Gallia signis 
 collatis pugnasse, quo eum castra adversus sese in Apulia 
 posita habere Hannibal credidlsset. Nomen Neronis satis fulsse 
 ad continendum in castris Hannibalem ; Hasdrubalem vero 
 qua alia re quam adventu Sjus obrutum atque exstinctum esse? 
 itaque iret alter c6nsul sublimis curru multijugis, si vellet, 
 equis ; uno equo per urbem verura triumphum vehi Neronem- 
 que, etiam si pedes incedat, vel parta eo bello vel spreta eo 
 triumpho gloria memorabilem fore. Liv., xxviii. 9. 
 
 B. Oratio Recta into Oratio Obliqua. 
 
 (1.) Comparate nunc cum illorum superbia me hominem 
 novum. Quae illi audire et legere solent eorum partem vidi, 
 alia egomel gessi; quae illi Uteris, ea ego militando didic: 
 Nunc vos existumate, facta an dicta pluris sint. Ac si jam 
 
156 
 
 OBATIO OBLIQUA. 
 
 ex patribus Alblni et Bestiae quaeri posset, mene an illos ex se 
 gigni malueriut, quid responsiiros creditis, nisi sese liberos quam 
 optumos voluisse ? . . Plura dicerem si timidis virttitem verba 
 adderent. Sail., B. J. 85. 
 
 (2.) ISTolite pati me nepotem Massinissae friistra a vobia 
 auxilium petere . . , Ego eis finibus Sjectus sum, quos majoribus 
 mels populus Komanus dedit, unde pater et avus meus flna 
 voblscum expulere Syphacem et CarthaginiSnses. Hucine, Mi- 
 cipsa pater, beneficia tua evasere ut quem tu parem cum llberis 
 tuis regnique participem fecisti is potissimum stirpis tuae ex- 
 stinctor sit ? Nunquam familia n6stra quieta erit ? Sem- 
 perne in sanguine, ferrO, fuga versabimur ? Sail., B. J. 14. 
 
 (3.) (M. Petronius multis jam vulneribus acceptis): Quo- 
 mam, inquit, me una vobiscum servare non possum, vestrae 
 quidem certe vitae pr6spiciam, quos cupiditate gloriae ad- 
 diictus in periculum dedlixi, vos data facultate vobis c6nsulite. 
 (Conantibus auxiliari suls) Frustra, inquit, meae vitae sub- 
 venire conamini quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt. Proinde 
 abite dum est facultas vosque ad legionem recipite. 
 
 Caes., B. G. vii. 51 
 
 XCVn. Oratio Obliqua. 
 
 G. 651 foil. ; A. 67 ; A. & S. 266, 3 ; B. 1395 ; H. 528. 
 
 245. The senate said tbat they did not see any reason at all 
 why {nihil cur) the welfare-of-the-state should be intrusted to 
 soldiers, who had deserted their comrades {commilitdnes) in 
 battle. The Roman general said that Hannibal had not 
 attacked his camp because he was lying-torpid (torpere) owing 
 to an error, which would not last long (diutumum esse). Mago 
 was afraid that the Ligurians [Ligures) themselves, perceiving 
 that the Punics were evacuating {relinquere, Pass, construction) 
 Italy, would go over [deficere) to those, in whose power they 
 soon (mox) would be. Hieronymus asked the Roman ambas- 
 sadors sneeringly {per Jocum) what luck {fortuna) they had 
 had (esse) at Cannae; for fwhat"] the ambassadors of Hannibal 
 
OEATIO OBLIQUA. 157 
 
 told [him was] scarcely credible ; he (§529, R. 3) wished to 
 know what was the truth in order to determine which (§ 315) 
 side [partes) to take (sequt). 
 
 Amyntas informed the soldiers that the commandant [prae- 
 tor) of Egypt had fallen in hattle, that the Persian army was 
 both without a leader and weak (invalidus), that the Egyptians, 
 always hostile to their commandants, would regard {aestimare) 
 them [= Amyntas and his men] as allies. Compelled by 
 necessity they cried out that he might lead them whithersoever 
 he thought good [videtur). 
 
 The consul made [habere) a speech [in which he said] that 
 people were mistaken if they thought that the senate had still 
 [etiamtum, § 663, R. 3) any power [posse) in the state, that 
 as for the Roman Knights [equites vero) they should pay 
 [paends dare) for the day on which they met armed on the 
 Capitoline hill [cUvus) [and] that the time had come for those 
 who had been in fear — he meant [dicebat) forsooth [videlicet) 
 the conspirators — to avenge themselves. 
 
 246. Caesar was confident that if he seized [occupdre) and 
 fortified [commumre) that mound [tumulus), he would cut off 
 [intercludere) [his] opponents [adversdrii) from the town and 
 the bridge and all the provisions [oommedtus) that they had 
 collected in [cCnferre in) the town. Inflamed [incSnsus) with 
 anger and excited [Gommovere) by the danger, King Porseuna 
 threatened Mucius Scaevola with [mindrl alicui aliquid) fii'e 
 and death, if he did not speedily [propere) disclose [aperlre) 
 all the conspiracy. Cicero said that if Caesar did not kill any- 
 body, and did not take away anything from anybody, he would 
 be liked [diligere) most by those who feared him most. I told 
 him that I could not take the young man to my heart [com- 
 plector), unless I was absolutely certain [mihi explordtum est) 
 that he was a friend to the conservatives [bom). 
 
 They said that, if they had him for consul, their fortunes 
 would be better. They said that if they knew that the Romans 
 would pardon them, they would not refuse to give themselves 
 up [in potestdtem'aliciljus se irddere). 
 
158 OEATIO OBLIQUA. 
 
 I think that if Philip of Macedon had not been instructed 
 (§ 333, R. 1) in the military science of the Greeks, he would 
 not have defeated the Greeks at Ghaeronea. Vibius said that 
 those who talked about peace and surrender {deditio) did not 
 remember what they would have done, if they had the Romans 
 in [their] power. Pollio is very much mistaken in thinking 
 (extstimare) that if Caesar had lived longer, his memoirs {com- 
 mentaril) would have been rewritten {rescribo). It seems that 
 if they had abstained from bloodshed (caedes) they could have 
 reached the royal pavilion. I beg you to remember that you 
 could never have attained your [present] position {diff?iUds), 
 if you had not followed (utl) my counsels. 
 
 G. 659 foil.; A. 67, 3 ; A. & S. 263, R. 5 ; B. 1303 ; H. 583, 3. 
 247. They asked, if there was war in the province, why they 
 were quiet, if the war was at an end (debellatum est), why they 
 were not carried back to Italy ? He said that he did not doubt 
 that Spain was Caesar's ; that Caesar was so enraged that 
 Metellus came very near being killed, if that had been done, 
 there would have been a great massacre (caedes) ; that it was 
 not done, not because Caesar was not naturally cruel, but because 
 he thought clemency was the popular [course] ; that, if he lost 
 the enthusiastic-support (studium) of the people he would 
 be cruel, because he would not have anything to gain by kind- 
 ness. They said that if both consuls with their armies were 
 before (ad) Nola, they would not for all that (tamen) be more 
 of a match (magis pares) for Hannibal than they had been at 
 Cannae ; much less (nedum with Subj.) could one praetor with 
 a few raw (pauci et novl) soldiers protect the town. The Funics 
 strove (nlti) to take the Roman general alive, but he attacked 
 (invadere) them so fiercely, that he could not have been spared 
 (§208), unless they had been willing to lose many more of their 
 men. The Campanians sent envoys to Hannibal to announce 
 (§ 632) that the consuls were a day's march off [and] that, if 
 he did not hasten to their aid (propere subvenire), Capua would 
 get (venire) into the power of the enemy. They ordered him 
 to be taken (dUcere) to prison, if he could not give security 
 
PARTICIPIAL SENTENCES. 159 
 
 {vas, vadis). Syphax said that if Scipio did not keep his army 
 away (abstinere) from Africa, it would be necessary for him to 
 fight (dlmicare) for the land, in which he was born {gigno). 
 The prisoners told the king that he would find out whether 
 they were brave or no, if he were general of the Athenians 
 [and] Chares general of the Macedonians. 
 
 ZCVm. Participial Sentences. 
 G. 667 foil. ; A. 72, 1 ; A. & S. 374, 3 ; B. 1350; H. 577-9. 
 248. When we behold the heaven [s], we are certain that the 
 world is the work of God. As the consul was hastening {fes- 
 tmare) to Rome the enemy overtook {ednsequV) his army. 
 While Cinna was lording [it] in Italy, the greater part of the 
 nobility fled to Sulla in [= into] Achaia. After the consul 
 had got possession of great booty, he returned to camp. After 
 Tarquin had been exiled {pello) from Rome, Brutus was chosen 
 consul. Lucius Cornelius Scipio received the surname of 
 Asiaticus, because he had conquered Asia after the example of 
 [his] brother, who was called Africanus for having subjugated 
 {doma/re) Africa. Democritus threw away (prdjicere) [his] 
 wealth (dlvitiae) because he thought it a burden to [= of] a 
 good mind. I never drink unless I am thirsty (sitlre) ; many 
 men drink without being thirsty. The Stoics change the words 
 without changing the things [= although they do not change]. 
 Although PauUus Aemilius dissuaded [from it] Terentius Varro 
 attacked the Carthaginians. The Greeks of Europe surrounded 
 with cities the sea-coast (ora maritima) of Asia, which they had 
 taken in war. What general [= who among generals] is so 
 crazy [vecors) as to think that victory will perch on his lap 
 [— fly down, devoldre, into his (dat.) bosom] without his 
 doing anything ? After taking Thermopylae, Xerxes immedi- 
 ately set out for Athens, and, as no one defended it, he destroyed 
 {vastdre) it by fire [incendium), after killing the priests found 
 on the Acropolis (arx). Lucretius triumphed over the Aequi- 
 ans and Volscians whom he had conquered, and as he was 
 triumphing [his] legions followed [him]. It was announced 
 
IGO TO. 
 
 to Q. Cincinnatus as he was ploughing that he had been made 
 dictator. No one observes the moon except (nisi) when it is 
 in eclipse (laborare). 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 
 XCIX. To. 
 
 249. Romulus marched out (egredior) with all [his] forces, and 
 commanded a part of the soldiers to lie in ambush {subsidere in 
 insidils). It is not right (fas) for you to do that. It is the 
 peculiar mark {proprium) of a well-constituted mind {animus) 
 to rejoice in prosperity {bonae res) and to grieve (dolere) over 
 the opposite {contrariae, i. e. res), GSjus Duilius was the first 
 to conquer the Funics {Poem) on the sea (cidssis). I was 
 hired (conduco) to cook [and] not to be beaten (vapuldre). If 
 there had been any one {quisquam, § 304) to dissuade (revo- 
 care) me from so dastardly (turpissimus) a course {cdnsilium), 
 I should either have fallen {occumbere) honorably or should 
 be living as a conqueror to-day. You will do me a very 
 great favor [pergrdtum facere) to send me the third volume 
 {tomus) of Tennyson's poems. I am going to take up my 
 lodgings {habitdre) at my uncle's. To think that you should 
 have envied a man who had loaded you with benefits ! You 
 have done well to hide your life from the foolish rabble. 
 There is nothing to prevent your friends from coming to your 
 aid, unless perhaps they are afraid of an ambush. The Car- 
 thaginian senators said that Hannibal had not crossed the Alps 
 to wage war on the Tarentines. What {quae) you are doing 
 {agitare) [so] inconsiderately {temere) is [merely] to (§ 429, 
 R. 2) betray the Roman people [and] give {trddere) the vic- 
 tory to Hannibal. It is hard to tell which was to blame {auc- 
 torem esse) for overthrowing the state. There is no one — to my 
 knowledge — that would have received {susoipere) you more cor- 
 dially. The Greek language lends-itself-more-readily {facilem 
 esse) to the composition {duplicdre) of words. 
 
WITHOUT, 161 
 
 250. O. Without. 
 
 I. After a Positive Sentence. 
 
 a. The troops crossed the river without making any objection. 
 
 '' 1. nihil dubitantes. 
 
 Copiae flUmen trdnsierunt • 
 
 2. neque quidquam duMtaverunt. 
 
 3. nulla interposita dubitatione, 
 
 4. sine ulla dubitatione. 
 
 b. Divide your troops without weakening them. 
 
 Jta divide copias ut non (ne) debilites. 
 
 c. He divided my troops without dividing his own. 
 
 Meds dlvisit copias cum suas non divideret (divisisset) [suis 
 non dlvlsls). 
 II. After a Negative Sentence, 
 a. You cannot cross the river without dividing your forces. 
 
 t;7,_ _. . . . . (l. nisi capias I 
 H lumen transire non poteris ■< „ . . J^_ 
 
 1 2. nisi divuis i 
 
 b. No army can be divided without being weakenc 
 
 ,_ „ .^ T. . T , i 1. gum (is) debiUtetur. 
 
 JVullus exercitus dlvidi potest ■{ ^ ^^ . '...^.^ 
 
 ^ \2. ut non debilitetur. 
 
 251. Is it true liberality to give money without depriving one's 
 self of any comfort (commodum) ? We cannot let him go 
 without giving him a reward. Nature has given us life as a loan 
 {mUtuum dare) without fixing (dicere) a day [for repayment]. 
 During the war with Pompey [Pomptjdnus) nothing happened 
 without my foretelling it. Terentius Varro, without waiting for 
 his colleague's aid, joined battle. That certainly would never 
 have occurred to me (mihi in mentem venire) without being 
 reminded [of it]. The precepts of art are of little avail to 
 form an orator without the assistance of (Part.) nature. Can 
 you condemn L. Cornelius without condemning also the act of 
 Gajus Marius ? He departed without accomplishing his mis- 
 sion. Show yourself worthy of being believed {fdem habeo, 
 I believe) without swearing. Gorgias lived-full (complere) 107 
 years without relaxing (cessare) in his enthusiasm (studium) 
 for (Gen.) literature. Charles lived many years with his 
 
 11 
 
162 TENSES IN LETTERS. 
 
 mother and sister without ever having had a difficulty (simiil- 
 tas) with them. That you should have written ((fore) so many 
 letters to Corinth without writing any {quuni nullds) to me 1 
 Who ever saw a maq presented (jPres. Inf.) with a wreath 
 {corona) without a city having been taken, or a camp of the 
 enemy fired ? 
 
 252. Sulla withdrew {reducere) his forces without firing {suceenr 
 dere) the tower. Can one-of-the-two (§ 306) armies be sent to 
 Rome without raising the siege of (omittere) Capua ? Fulvius 
 received (partic.) the letter, and (§ 667, R. 1), without opening 
 {resolvere) it, laid it down. He was three miles off without any 
 of the enemy having perceived it [= when not yet any of the 
 enemies had perceived]. The general thought that he would 
 not be a match for such a mass of the enemy without sending 
 for (accio) auxiliary troops. A vast swarm (vis ingSns) of 
 locusts ilocusta) filled (complere) all the country around Capua 
 without it appearing {cdnstdre) whence they came [advenire). 
 
 CI. Tenses in Letters. 
 
 253. The Roman letter-writer not unfrequently puts himself in the posi- 
 tion of the receiver, more especially at the beginning and at the end of 
 the letter, often in the phrase " I have nothing to write." This permuta- 
 tion of tenses is never kept up long, and applies only to temporary situ- 
 ations, never to general statements. 
 
 Table of Permutations. 
 
 scrlbo, r am writing, becomes scrlbBbam 
 
 I write, scrlpsi, 
 
 scripsi, I have written, sciipseram, 
 
 I wrote, scrtpseram, 
 
 or remains unchanged, 
 scrlbam, lahaUwrite, scrlptOrus eram. 
 
 The adverbial designations of time remam unchanged — or 
 
 Herl, yesterday, becomes prldlB, 
 
 hodie, to-day, quO die has lltterjfe dedl, dabam, 
 
 eras, to-morrow, posterO die, postildie. 
 
 254. Although I really {sane) have no news, yet, as I am send- 
 ing my servant back to Rome, I must write {Ger.) something 
 
TElSrSES Iir LBITEES. 163 
 
 to you. After having been (quum) with Pompey and at hia 
 house, I am setting out for Brundusium. Ten days after 
 (postquam) leaving you {ab aliquo discedere), I scratch off 
 (exardre) this note (/toe litterularum) before day. I have 
 nothing to write and sleep oppresses {urguere) me. I have 
 Written to you what I think is impending, and I am now 
 awaiting a letter from-you {tuus). 
 
 I write this letter at the tenth hour, immediately after (staiim 
 ut) reading your letter. I will give it to the postman (tabel- 
 Idrius) to-morrow. Your letter, and the expectation of a letter 
 from you, are still {adhuc) keeping (tenere) me at Thessalonica. 
 It is just [ipse) thirty days to-day (quum has dabam litterds) 
 that {per quos) I have received no [letter] from you. A spell 
 of sickness {incommoda valetudo), from which I have not yet 
 recovered (emergo), and (et — et) waiting for (exspectdtio) Pomp- 
 tinius, of whom not even a rumor has reached-me (venire) yet 
 (adhuc), have been detaining me for more than eleven days 
 [= are detaining me the twelfth day] in Brundusium. "We are 
 travelling (iter cdnficere) by a hot (aestuosus) and dusty road 
 (via)- I wrote (dare) yesterday from Ephesus ; I write (dare) 
 this [letter] from Tralles. I think that I shall be in my prov- 
 ince the first of August (Sextllis). We are hastening to the 
 camp, which is two-days'-journey (ildul) off. I am desirous 
 (cupere) of making out (facere) a longer letter, but there is 
 nothing to write about, and I cannot make fun (jocdrt) by rea- 
 son of (prae) [my] anxiety (euro!). I will send postmen to 
 you to-morrow, and I think (present) that they will arrive 
 yvenire) before our [friend] SaufSjus. To-day, February the 
 2d [= February the 2d, on which day I write (dare) this 
 letter], I am expecting the women in [my] Formian [villa], 
 whither I have returned from Capua. Although when you 
 read (subj.) this letter I think that I shall (fore ut) know what 
 has been done (agere) at Brundusium, nevertheless I am ha- 
 rassed (angor) by hourly (singuldrum hordrum) expectation, 
 and am wondering that not even a breath of rumor (nihil ne — 
 quidem, § 404) has been brought [to me]. For there is a 
 strange silence. 
 
VOCABULAEY. 
 
 tS~ This Tocatnlary Is Intended to serve as a enpplement and not as a sntstitnte; 
 otherwise the exercise-book would defeat its own ends. Hence the absence of inflec- 
 tions, prepositions, namerals, and the omission of phrases and idioms explained in the 
 appropriate sections of the grammar. 
 
 Abandoned (= wretch), 
 
 perdittis. 
 abstain, («S) abstinSre. 
 abonnd, abundare. 
 absence, in my, absente ml. 
 absnrd, abmrdus. 
 abundance, abundantia. 
 accept, acdp&re. 
 acceptable, graiut. 
 accident, casus. 
 accomplish, cSnJUiere, per- 
 
 ficere. 
 accuse, accSsare, arguere. 
 acctiser, iuxUsdtor. 
 Achaean, Acha^. 
 ache, dcHor. 
 acknowledge (= confess) 
 
 fatW. 
 acorn, gl&m. 
 acquit, absolvere. 
 act, agere, faeere. 
 actor, histrio. 
 actually, ri virB. 
 add, addere, ac^icere. 
 admire, adrmrdf^. 
 admirable, mirus, mlrSM- 
 
 lis. 
 admit, concldere. 
 admonish, admoriire, mo- 
 
 adorn, orrmre. 
 adulterer, adulter. 
 advance, prSgrecR, prSd^ 
 
 dere. 
 advantage, commodum. 
 advice, cSnsUium. 
 advise, suaddre. 
 afiability, cSmitSs. 
 affair, ris^ negdtium. 
 afford, praebire. 
 afraid, to be, meiiure, ti- 
 
 mSre,veriH. 
 
 afterwards, post, posted, 
 posthae, 
 
 age, aetas (time of life), 
 iempora (times). 
 
 e.greea,'ble,gralus,jiloundus. 
 
 aid, auxilium, ops, opera. 
 
 aid, to, adjuvdre. 
 
 sir, Sir. 
 
 alive, rilvus. 
 
 all, omms. 
 
 alleviate, levdre. 
 
 ally, soeius. 
 
 almost, props, ferl. 
 
 alone, sSlus. 
 
 already, .;"<im. 
 
 also, guogue, § 444. 
 
 altar, ara. 
 
 alter, mutSre. 
 
 always, semper. 
 
 Amazons, Amazon^. 
 
 a,mbassBA0T,' legatus, SrStor 
 
 ambush, insidiae. 
 
 ancestors, mcfjsr^. 
 
 ancient, antlguus. 
 
 and, et, -gue, atgue, % 477 foil. 
 
 anger, Ira; Iracundia (an- 
 gry temper). 
 
 angry, Iratus; to be a., 
 irdsel. 
 
 anguish, dolor. 
 
 announce, nuntidre. 
 
 annoyance, molestia. 
 
 another, aiius, alter, % 306. 
 
 answer, to, to make a., re- 
 
 ODtffomSca. 
 
 Antony, AtUSnius, 
 
 any, iMus (§ 304), gulrHs 
 
 (any you choose), 
 ape, slmia, slmius. 
 appear, appdrh^e; (to seem) 
 
 lAderi. 
 appearance, specils. 
 
 apple, malum; pdmum 
 (any edible fruit). 
 
 apply (to address one's self 
 to), adire. 
 
 appoint (create), oHoere, 
 credre. 
 
 approach, (subst.) aditus. 
 
 approach, to, apprapincpidre, 
 aaHdere, adventare. 
 
 approve, proidre, appro- 
 bare. 
 
 Arabians, ArabU, 
 
 arm, to, armare. 
 
 arm, brddiium, manus. 
 
 armor-bearer, armiger. 
 
 arms, arma. 
 
 army, exercUus. 
 
 arrest, eomprehendere. 
 
 arrival, adventus, 
 
 arrive, aduenlre, perveriire. 
 
 arrow, sagitta. 
 
 art, ars. 
 
 artifice, ars, dolus. 
 
 ashamed, to be, pudM. 
 
 ashes, ami. 
 
 ask, peters, rogare ; to in- 
 quire, guaero, interrogo. 
 See p. 63. 
 
 ass, asinus. 
 
 assemble, eonvenlre. 
 
 assist, adjuvdre. 
 
 assistance, ausAlium. 
 
 associate, soeius. 
 
 assume, sumere. 
 
 assuredly, certb, profectd. 
 
 astonished, to be, mlrSri. 
 
 Athenian, Athinilnsis. 
 
 Athens, AthSnae. 
 
 attack, impetus. 
 
 attack, to, adorlri. 
 
 attain, adipiscl, assegi^,oSa' 
 segul. 
 
 audacity, audaOa. 
 
166 
 
 VOCAB0LAEY. 
 
 aunt, (father's sister) a- bed, lectiu; to go to b., 
 mita ; (mother's sister) cubitum %re. 
 
 rrmtertera, 
 antlior, auctor. 
 aiixhority, auctBHIa^ ; an- 
 
 tboritles, magiairdtUs, 
 avarice, avarida. 
 avaricious, avdrus. 
 avenge, ulciscl. 
 avoid, vitdre, 
 axe, eecUria, 
 axis, ancit. 
 
 B. 
 Baby, in/dm. 
 back, tergum, dorsum. 
 
 bee, apis. 
 
 befall, aeddere ; contingere 
 
 (of ;jood luck), 
 before, ante., anted, antehdc. 
 beg, ordre, rogdre. petere. 
 beget, gignere, parere. 
 beggar, mendlcus. 
 begin, indpere ; coe^sse, 
 
 intr. with inf. 
 beginning, initium, 
 behold, eontemplarl. 
 belief, J!tf8s. 
 believe, crMere. 
 belly, venter, alims. 
 
 bad, mains ; improbus (nn- 'beai.fieclere. 
 
 toward, nanghty), beneficent , ben<>fleus. 
 
 bag, pira. benefit, l/en^flcium. 
 
 ball, pUa. bereave, prlvdre ; orbdre. 
 
 banish, ex urbe, ex <AvUdte besiege, obsidHre ; oppiu- 
 
 pellere. gnSre (assault). 
 
 bank (of a river), rljja. best, opilmiis. 
 
 banquet, <;on»5»iMm, epM^oe. bestow, <2are, tribuere, dB- 
 barber, tdnsor. nSre. 
 
 bare, ntidus. betake one's self, «S cSn- 
 
 bark, to, latrdre. ferre. 
 
 bark (of a tree), cortex betray, prSderi. 
 
 (outer), liber (inner), 
 barren, sterills. 
 base, turpis. 
 bat, vesperVilUt. 
 bathe, lavdre. 
 battle, pugna; 
 
 (engagement) 
 
 better , melior. 
 beware, cav^e. 
 \>ii, jublre, imperdre. 
 big, magnus, grandls. 
 bind, vinffire. 
 prodium bird, avis. 
 to join bitch, canis. 
 
 K.proeliumcommiitere. bitter, acerbus (opp. to 
 
 be, esse. 
 
 be without, carlre. 
 
 beam, trabs. 
 
 bear, ferre, portdre. 
 
 bear (subst.) ursus, ursa. 
 
 beard, barba. 
 
 beast, bestia ; bUua (great 
 
 mltis), amdrrn (opp. to 
 dulds) ; bitter enemy, 
 acerbus iniTmcus, iniml- 
 cissimus. 
 
 black, niger. 
 
 blame, to, reprehendere ; 
 vituperdre. 
 
 beaet). blame (fault), v£^i«m, (rw/ptz. 
 
 beat, verberdre, caedere ; to bleed, sanguinemfundere. 
 
 be beaten, vdpuldre blessed, bedtus. 
 
 (comic) ; (to vanq^nish) blessing (boon), bonum ; to 
 
 •Bincere. be a blessing = to be of 
 
 y>ea,vAiiyil,pulc?ier,forml)ima. nse. 
 beauty, rruZchritUdo. blind, (adj.) caeeus. 
 
 become, to, /en. blindness, ca«^t&. 
 
 become, to (= be becom- blood, sanguis ; crvor 
 
 ing), decSre. (sued). 
 
 bloom, to, fibrire. 
 
 blow, vldga. 
 
 blows, verbera. 
 
 boast, to, glbridrl. 
 
 bold, auddx. 
 
 boldness , auddcia. 
 
 bone, OS. 
 
 book, liber. 
 
 booty, praeda. 
 
 border, margo; (== boan« 
 
 da['y)/?nw. 
 bore, perforSre. 
 born, to be, ndsiH. 
 bosom, sinus. 
 both, ambo, uterque, p. 30. 
 bow, arms. 
 boy, puer. 
 
 bramble, sentis, vepris. 
 branch, rdmvs, 
 branch-of-leaming, discir- 
 
 pRna. 
 'bva.\e, fortls. 
 bravery, fortitedo. 
 bread, pdnie. 
 break, /rangers, 
 breast, pectus. 
 breath. sfHritus, anima. 
 bribe, pecUnid coirumpere, 
 brick, later. 
 hiiige, pons. 
 brief, brevis. 
 brilliant, splendidus. 
 brilliancy, splendor. 
 brim, margo. 
 bring, /«?•?•«, qferre, appor- 
 
 tdre (carry) j adducere 
 
 (lead). 
 bring back, rcfcrre, repor- 
 
 tdre ; reducere (lead). 
 bring up, efferre ; Iducdre. 
 broad, lotus. 
 bronze, aes. 
 brook, brooklet, tlmis, rt- 
 
 vulus. 
 brother, /™ter. 
 build, aediflcdre ; condere, 
 building, aedlfldum. 
 bull, ta/urus. 
 bundle , fascieulus, 
 burden (enbst.), onus ; (verb) 
 
 onerdrej -some, moiestus. 
 burn, to, Urere ; conibarere 
 
 (alive). 
 
VOCABULAKT. 
 
 167 
 
 Dnrst, rumpere. 
 
 burial, sepultura. 
 
 bury, sepeSre. 
 
 bush., frutex. 
 
 business, negdtium. 
 
 but, sed, autem, verum, at. 
 See §485 foil.; (onlyj, 
 tantum, modo, sBlum. 
 
 butterfly, pdpUio. 
 
 buy, emere. • 
 
 Cage, cavea. 
 
 call, to, vocare; call ont, 
 
 ivocare; call together, 
 
 convocdre. 
 oamel, eamllus. 
 camp, castra. 
 Campanians, CampdA 
 can, possum, 
 capable, \ 
 capacious, j 
 captain, cenfurio. 
 captive, captus, capUmie. 
 capture, to, capere. 
 care, cSra, dUigentia. 
 care for, to, cHrdre. 
 careful, diliglns. 
 careless, incautus. 
 carpenter, faber. 
 eaxrj, ferre, porlare; carry 
 
 off, rapere ; carry a town, 
 
 expugndre ; carry on, 
 
 g&rere. 
 Carthage, Carthago. Car- 
 
 thaginians, CarlhaginU 
 
 chain, caiSna. 
 
 chance, cdms; opporMniidSy 
 occdsio. 
 
 change, to, mStdre, 
 
 character, nuSris. 
 
 charge (= attack), impetus, 
 
 Charles, Carolus, 
 
 charming, dislds. 
 
 cheat, to, frauddre. 
 
 child, children, HbeH (in re- 
 lation to parents) ; (of 
 age) infans, puer, puella, 
 
 cast, to, jacere. 
 castle, arx, cmtellum. 
 aaX,fiCls,fUis. 
 catch, capere.. 
 Catiline, OatUlna. 
 cattle, pecus. 
 cause, causae 
 cautious, cautus, 
 cavalry, equitdius, eguitSs, 
 
 (adj.) eguestris. 
 cave, yiWunca. 
 cease, desinere. 
 celebrated, celeber (things) ; 
 
 certain (fixed), certw ; (per- 
 Bou undefined) guidam. 
 
 chokeful, referttts, 
 
 choose, Higere (out of a nnm- 
 ber), dUigere (for a pur- 
 pose). 
 
 circumstance, rU. 
 
 citadel, arx, castellum, 
 
 citizen, (S,vis. 
 
 city, urbs (capital); oppl- 
 dum (walled town); tH- 
 vitas (commnnity). 
 
 civil, eiiMis. 
 
 clea,Tae, p&rgdre. 
 
 clear, clams; (it is) cdnstat. 
 
 clemency, cWnentia. 
 
 clerk, sckba. 
 
 close, to, claudere. 
 
 clothes, clothing, vesiis, ves- 
 tlius. 
 
 cloud, nUi^, 
 
 coast, VUus, Sra. 
 
 cock, gaUm. 
 
 cohort, cohort. 
 
 cold (?A\.), Jngldm. 
 
 cold (sabst.), coldness, frir 
 gus. 
 
 colleague, colUga. 
 
 collect, coUtgere. 
 
 come, venire ; to come np, 
 aecldere ; to eome back, 
 redHre; about, Jiei^, acci- 
 dere. 
 
 command, to, imperWre. 
 
 command (snbst.), imperium. 
 
 commit, committfre. 
 
 common, communis. 
 
 commons, ptebs. 
 
 commonwealth, rZs pUb- 
 lica. 
 
 communicate, communi- 
 cdre. 
 
 companion, amies; (part- 
 ner), socius ; (boon com- 
 panion), soddlis. 
 
 company (partnership), £o- 
 iAeias. 
 
 compassion, miserieordia. 
 
 compel, cBgere. 
 
 complain, guei^. 
 
 complete, cdnficere. 
 
 conceal, c:Udre. 
 
 conceive, coneipere, capere. 
 
 concern (sabst.), cHra. 
 
 concern, to, cSra^ esse ; in* 
 terest, see § 177 foil. 
 
 concord, concordia. 
 
 condemn, damndre, condem- 
 ndre. 
 
 confess,/o<W, cSnfitlr^. 
 
 confidence, fideda. 
 
 confident, to be, cokfidere. 
 
 congratulate, grdtnldr^. 
 
 conjunction (in) with, cum. 
 
 conquer, vincere, superdre. 
 
 conqueror, victor. 
 
 conscience, conscientia. 
 
 conscious, consciiie. 
 
 consider, habire, ducere. 
 
 conspiracy, conjsrdtio. 
 
 conspirators, conjarda. 
 
 constellation, ^du». 
 
 constitute, cinstltuere. 
 
 consulship, consuldtus. 
 
 consult, comfulere. 
 
 consume, c&nmmere, 
 
 contain, continere. 
 
 contempt, ccntemptus. Us. 
 
 content, contented, conten* 
 ius. 
 
 contest, certdmen. 
 
 convict, to, coarguere. 
 
 convince, persudd^re, 
 
 convoke, convocdre. 
 
 cook, to, cojttere, 
 
 cook, a, coguus. 
 
 cordial, artvixus, 
 
 Corinth, Corinthus. 
 
 corn, fruwAntum. 
 
 corpse, cadaver. 
 
 correct, to, corrigere, dmen, 
 dare. 
 
 corrupt, to, corruTnpere. 
 
 corrupt (adj.), corruplru. 
 
 cough, a, txiesis. 
 
168 
 
 VOCABULAET. 
 
 oonncil, coneilium. 
 
 connsel, eSneilium. 
 
 count, to, numerdre ; habe- 
 re, dacere. % SBO. 
 
 conntenance, viMtta, Us. 
 
 country, terra; (native 
 land) patria ; (opposed 
 to town,) rffis, agn ; (of a 
 small territory), ager. 
 
 countryman, riistlcus. 
 
 courage, animus^ virtus, 
 
 course, a, curms. 
 
 cover, to, tegere, operlre, 
 
 covet, capere. 
 
 covetous, avdrus. 
 
 coward, igjiavus. 
 
 cowardice, IgnSvia. 
 
 craft, calliditSs, cMus. 
 
 create, credre. 
 
 credi1)le, crldJMlis. 
 
 credit (mercantile), JZi2Ss. 
 
 crime, scelve. 
 
 crop, seges, 
 
 cross (over), to, trSanMre. 
 
 cruel, crudslis. 
 
 crush, oppritmre. 
 
 cry, to, cldmSre, excldmdre. 
 
 cultivate, colere. 
 
 cunning (adj.), caUidvs ; 
 doWsus; canning trick, 
 dolus. 
 
 cunning (sabst.), caUiditds, 
 
 cup, poeulum. 
 
 curse, to, exsecrdrl ; w. ace. 
 
 custody, custddia. 
 
 custom, cdnsuiWdo, mis. 
 
 cut, to, secdre, caedere. 
 
 Dagger, pBgio, sJca. 
 daily, gno^ii / in singulOs 
 
 dies, (when there Is a 
 
 progressive change.) 
 dance, to, saltan. 
 danger, perlculum. 
 dangerous, per^culSsus. 
 dare, audeo. 
 dark, obscarus. 
 daughter, /Sio; danghter- 
 
 in-law, nUrus. 
 day <opp. to night), dies; 
 
 (opp. to darkness), Hix. 
 dead, martwis. 
 
 dear, cdnts. 
 
 death, mors ; to meet death, 
 mortem oppeters. 
 
 debauchery, luxuria. 
 
 deceive, f oilers, (mislead); 
 dicipere (purposely). 
 
 decide, dSeemere. 
 
 decision, jsdidum. 
 
 declare, dlcldrSre. 
 
 deed, factum ; /acinus (of- 
 ten in a had sense). 
 
 deem, to, ducere. 
 
 deep, altus^ profundus. 
 
 defeat, to, vincere. 
 
 defeat, a. clMls. 
 
 defend, dlfendere. 
 
 degree, to such a, aded. 
 
 delight, to, dilectare.juvdre. 
 
 deliver, trddere ; reddere 
 (what Is due) ; liierdre 
 (free). 
 
 demand, to, postvldre, po- 
 scere, fldgitdre (passion- 
 ately). 
 
 deny, negdre, recOsdre. 
 
 depart, atnre, discMere, 
 prqjlcistS. 
 
 deprive, prlvdre. 
 
 derive, dacere. 
 
 deserter, trdnsfuga. 
 
 deserve, to, merlrl. 
 
 deserving, dignus. 
 
 desire, to, 1 ^ 
 
 desirous, to be, J 
 optdre, vdle. 
 
 desire, cujMo. 
 
 desirous, avidus, eupidus. 
 
 desist, dlsistere, aisistere. 
 
 despair, to, dhplrdre. 
 
 despise, dhpicere (look 
 down on) : contemnere. 
 spernere (disdain). 
 
 despoil, spoliare, nUddre. 
 
 destroy, dUire, perdere. 
 
 detain, retinire. 
 
 determine, statuere, cdnsti. 
 tuere^ dScemere. 
 
 devastate, vastdre. 
 
 dew, rBs. 
 
 dictate, dictdre. 
 
 die, ffMW^. 
 
 different, dliiersus, alius. 
 
 difficult, di^lcilis. 
 
 difficulty, difflcuUds. 
 iig,fodere. 
 dignity, dignitds. 
 diUgence, assiduitds, sMu 
 
 litds. 
 diligent, sldulus, dUlgias. 
 diminish, minuere. 
 dinner, eitia (coena). 
 disadvantage, incomma 
 
 dum, damnum. 
 disagreeable, ingrdtus, in- 
 
 jucundus. 
 disaster, calamitds. 
 disband, dlmitters. 
 discharge (duty), fungi. 
 discord, diecordia. 
 discourse, to, disserere. 
 disease, morbus. 
 disgrace (subst.), dldecus. 
 disgraceful, turpis. 
 disgust, to, piget. 
 dismiss, dimittere. 
 dispense, with, car^re. 
 displease, displlclre. 
 distaff, colus. 
 distinguished, praestdns, 
 
 eximius, praecldrus. 
 distribute. dislHbuere. 
 distrust, to, diffldere. 
 disturb, turbdre, 
 ditch,/o»«o. 
 divide, to, dividers. 
 divine (adj.), dtvlnus. 
 dOi agere,facere. 
 doe, ceroa. 
 dog, canis. 
 
 door, Sstium, jdwua,foi^. 
 doubt, a, dubium. 
 doubt, to, dubitSre. 
 dove, columba. 
 dower, dOs. 
 dragon, draco. 
 draw, trahere, dUcere ; draw 
 
 off, abdUcere. 
 dress (subst.), omdtus, ves- 
 
 tUus. 
 drink, to, bibere. 
 drive a,wa.yj>ellere, abigere. 
 drop, a, gutta. 
 dry, siccus, dridus. 
 dry, to, torrere. 
 duck, anas. 
 due, dMtus. 
 
VOCABULAET. 
 
 169 
 
 dust, puUia. 
 
 duty, Qfflcium, mUnus. 
 
 dwell, habitare. 
 
 Each, guisQue. § 305. 
 
 eager, Seer. 
 
 eagle, aguila. 
 
 ear, aurls. 
 
 early (in the morning), 
 mane. 
 
 earth, terra ; orbU terra- 
 rum (world). 
 
 earthly, terrestris. 
 
 ease, otium; at ease, dtis- 
 sm, in dtid. 
 
 easy, facilis. 
 
 eat, edere. 
 
 educate, IducSre. 
 
 effeminate, mollis. 
 
 egg, dmimi 
 
 Egyptians, Aegypta. 
 
 elephant, el^has, eleplum- 
 tus. 
 
 eloquent, ilogulns, aisertus. 
 
 eloquence, ilogiientia, fa- 
 cundia. 
 
 emhrace, to, amplecd, com- 
 
 envy, invldia. farmer, agricola. 
 
 equal, i7Sr. fast (Arm), firmue; (swift) 
 
 equal, to, aeguare. celer. 
 
 err, errare. fat, plnguis. 
 
 escape.to, ^ugere ; ivMere. father, pater; fatlierin-law, 
 
 especially, praecipui, im- socer. 
 
 pHmls, maodmi. fault, culpa. 
 
 esteem, to, liailre, facere, favor, ffraiia/ a great fiivor, 
 
 penderi. grdtissimum. 
 
 even (adj.), aegmie. fear (subst.), melus, timar, 
 
 even, etiam. f&m^do. 
 
 evening, at, vespei'l. fear, to, MmSre, metuere ; 
 
 event (result), Iventm (pi. verM (respect). 
 
 also a). fearful, timidus. 
 
 ever, unguam. feast, cont^vium, ^ndae. 
 
 every, omnis, guiague ; iesXhei, penna. 
 
 ^ every-day, guoOdil. feed, to, (act.) paecere ; 
 
 e-viiea.t,u>'be, app&rireyCSn- (neut.) poscj, »««<S. 
 
 stare. feel, to, sentire. 
 
 example, exemplum. feeling, senstis ; feelings, 
 
 excellent, eximlus, prae- animus, animl. 
 
 dams; optimus. tBigD.,fingere. 
 
 excite, excUdre, commmiire. fell, to, caedere. 
 excitement, concitdtio. fellow, socius, homo. 
 exertion, contentlo ferocious, ferSx. 
 
 exhort, hortarl. fetters, compedSs. 
 
 exile, an, exsvl ; exsilium, fetter, to, vitu^re. 
 
 emperor, imperator. 
 
 empty, iiacuus, indnis ; to 
 be empty, vacdre. 
 
 end, finis. 
 
 endeavor, to, cBndrl, SnjS. 
 
 endowed, praedtiira. 
 
 enemy (public), hostis; (at 
 heart) i/nijn/icus ; (oppo- 
 nent) adversdrius. 
 
 energetic, ind'uatrius^ stri- 
 nuue. 
 
 energy, industria. 
 
 engagement, negStium ; 
 proelium. 
 
 enjoy, /irej, atl. 
 
 enmity, inimlcitia. 
 
 enough, satis. 
 
 enter, intrare, irHre. 
 
 entertain (divert), dllectd- 
 re, oblectdre. 
 
 entrance, aditits. 
 
 entreat, oisecrdre, 
 
 enumerate, inumerdre. 
 
 envoy, Ugatus. 
 
 exile, to, pellere. 
 exiled, to be, exmldre. 
 expect, exspectare. 
 expectation, exspeetdtio. 
 expense, s&mptus, 
 experienced, perUus; 
 
 pertus. 
 expiate, expidre. 
 explore, to, explordre. 
 exportation, exportdre. 
 
 fever, febris. 
 few, panel. 
 &iB]lty,Mis. 
 field, ager. 
 fierce,/^te 
 ex- fight, pugna; proelium (an 
 
 engagement). 
 fight, to, pugndre; dlmi- 
 
 care. 
 fill, to, implore. 
 
 extraordinary, inHsitdtus, find, to, invenire, repeHre, 
 
 singularis, eximius. 
 exult, exsultdre. 
 eye, oculm. 
 
 F. 
 
 Table,fd6ula. 
 
 face, facHs ; tulttis, 
 
 (countenance, looks). 
 fagot, fasds. 
 fail, dyicere. 
 fall, eadere. 
 fallacious,/!:;^, 
 fame, /Smo. 
 famine, farnls. 
 famous, cldrus, celeber. 
 
 compen/re. 
 fine (adj.), pulcTier. 
 fine (subst.), multa. 
 fine, to, mtiUdre, 
 finger, digitus. 
 finish, to, perjlcere, c&nfieers 
 da fire, ignis. 
 firm, Jirmus. 
 first, pr'imus. 
 fish, piscis. 
 fit, aptua, iddneus. 
 fiatterer, assentdtor. 
 flattery, aduldtio. 
 flee, fugere. 
 fleece, velltit. 
 
170 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 fleet (enbst.), cldasU. 
 
 fleet (adj.), vil6x. 
 
 flesh, cam. 
 
 flight, /Mffo. 
 
 flight, pnt to,fugSre. 
 
 flock, a, grex. 
 
 flourish, JlSrlre. 
 
 flower, ;!5«. 
 
 fly, a, musca. 
 
 fly, to, volare ; to fly away, 
 
 dvolare. 
 feUage,/?^««. 
 follow, seguor. 
 foUowiug-gene- 1 
 
 rations, J P""^- 
 folly, stultilia. 
 food, ciiu<. 
 fool, stultiu. 
 foot, P^. 
 
 foot-soldier, j>£(i«>. 
 for all that, tarrun. 
 forbid, wMra, inUrc^/xre, 
 
 profiiblre. 
 force (subst.), «J», iXrls. 
 force, to, cdgere. 
 forces, copiae. 
 foreign, exterraa, externa. 
 foreigner, peregnnus. 
 foresight, prOdentia. 
 forest, sUva. 
 foretell, praedlcere. 
 forget, obRvisci. 
 forgive, ignSscere, venlam 
 
 dare. 
 forsake, dlserere, relirupiere. 
 fortified, mUmCus. 
 fortune, fortHna. 
 foul, faedua. 
 found, condere, 
 fowler, aucepa. 
 fox, vulpls. 
 fraud,/»'aw<, dolua. 
 free Cadj.), Wber ; to be freo 
 
 from, vacdre J to set free, 
 
 liierare. 
 free, to, mberare., solvere. 
 freedom, UbertSa, 
 &esh, rectus. 
 friend, armcua. 
 firiendship, anUdtia. 
 fright (sabst.),sce Fear, 
 frighten, to, tenlre. 
 frog, rana. 
 
 fruit (of trees), fnictus ; 
 
 (of the field) frOgis. 
 fruitful, flcundue, ferti- 
 
 lis. 
 full, pUmts : chokefal, r^er- 
 
 tU8. 
 
 faneral,ySB{M ,• funeral pile, 
 
 rogvs. 
 famish, to, praeb5re. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gain, lucrum. 
 
 gall (snbst.), /«?. 
 
 game, tudua, lusua^ Ua. 
 
 garment, vestis. 
 
 garrison, praesidium. 
 
 gate, jdniia, porta, Sstium. 
 
 gather, colligere. 
 
 Gaul, ffo^'ia ; (people) ffa^2i. 
 
 general (snbet.), imperStor. 
 
 genius, ingenium. 
 
 George, BeSrgiua. 
 
 get to, iianciscl; pardre; 
 (arrive) advenlre, 
 
 gift, dSnum. 
 
 girl, pueSa. 
 
 give, dare, dSnSre, prae- 
 bire; to give back, red- 
 dere j to give up, trd- 
 dere; to give way, ci- 
 ders. 
 
 glad, laetns. 
 
 gladness, laetitia. 
 
 glory (subst.), gldria. 
 
 gnat, culex. 
 
 gnaw, to, rSdere, corrddere. 
 
 go, to, %re ; go off, discSdere, 
 atnre. 
 
 goat (he,) hircrn: goat (she,) 
 ccepra. 
 
 God, Delia. 
 
 goddess, dea. 
 
 gold, aurum, 
 
 golden, aureus. 
 
 good, borma, probua; (use- 
 ful) muis. 
 
 good (sabBt.), bonum. 
 
 goose, dnser. 
 
 govern, regere, gubemdre. 
 
 grandfather, avus; grand- 
 mother, avia; grand- 
 son, n£pda ; grand-daugh- 
 ter, neptia. 
 
 grant, to, coruHdera. 
 grape, fifo. 
 grass, grdmen, herba, 
 grateful, grStus. 
 ■ grave, gravia. 
 great, magntia. 
 great-hearted, rruignani. 
 
 mua. 
 greedy, avidus. 
 grieve, dolire, maerire. 
 ground, humua ; (reason) 
 
 causa. 
 guard, to, cuatSMre. 
 guard, s, eustbdia. 
 guardian, custda ; (legal) 
 
 tutor. 
 guilty, to declare, darrmdre, 
 
 condemndre. 
 
 H. 
 
 Habit, mbs ; to be in the 
 
 habit of, soldre. 
 hair, cnnis, capUlus. 
 half, dimidium, dlmidia 
 
 pars. 
 hand, manus. 
 ba,Ti6iB0xa.e,pulcher. 
 hang, to, (act.) suspendere ; 
 
 (neut.) pendire. 
 happen, accidere; contin- 
 
 gere (for the better), 
 happy, /^/M, hiatus. 
 harbor, partus. 
 hard, darus ; liard (to do), 
 
 d\fflcilU. 
 hare, lepus. 
 harm (Bubet.) damnum, 
 
 Tnalum, incommodum ; 
 
 to do barm, fWcSre. 
 harmony, concordia. 
 harsh, darus. 
 hart, cervua. 
 
 hasten, /««Bn5r«, properdre. 
 hate, batred, odium. 
 hate, to, Bdisse ; to be hatod 
 
 odid esae. 
 haughty, superbua. 
 nave, liaMre. 
 hawk, accipiter. 
 head, captU. 
 headlong, praecepa. 
 health, vatltudo. 
 healthy, sdnus. 
 
VOCABITLAET. 
 
 171 
 
 hear, audlre. 
 heart, cor 
 heaven, coflum. 
 heavy, gratAs. 
 heedless, incautus. 
 heir, hir^. 
 
 help (subst.), auxilinm. 
 help, to, JuvSre, acyuvSre. 
 helper, aSjutor. 
 hen, galRna. 
 herb, herba. 
 herdsman, i)a«<<w. 
 hesitate, to, dubitSre. 
 hide, to, abdere ; to hide 
 
 from, cW,re. 
 high, a?to». 
 
 highwayman, latro,praeck>. 
 hill, co^Zis. 
 hind, cerva. 
 hinder, to, impetH/rt, oh- 
 
 stare, prohibire. 
 hinge, cardo. 
 hog, porous, BUS, 
 hold, to, tenlre. 
 holidays, /SrSoa 
 home, domus. 
 honey, inel. 
 
 honor, honor; to h. eolert. 
 honorahle, lumestus. 
 hope, sp^, 
 hope, to, spirSre. 
 horn, cornU. 
 horse, eguns. 
 horseman, eques. 
 honr, Jiora. 
 
 house, domus, aedls (pi.). 
 huge,i«5'^«*. 
 human, hnmanus; hnman 
 
 being, homo. 
 hunger, /oroSs. 
 hunter, vlndtor. 
 hurt, to, noclre. 
 husband, vir. 
 husbandman, agntida. 
 
 impose, ImpSnere. 
 impudent, impudlns. 
 incautious, incautus. 
 increase (act.), augtre; 
 
 (neut.) erescere. 
 incredible, incrMibllis. 
 indulgence, ind-ulgentia. 
 industry, dUigentia, indu- 
 
 stria. 
 industrious, tldulm : in- 
 
 dustrius. 
 inexorable, inexSrabilis. 
 infantry, pediiSs ; (aA}.)pe- 
 
 destris. 
 influence, auatdi-itds. 
 inform, certidremfacere. 
 inhabitant, imola. 
 injure, to, nocHre. 
 injury, injuria, damnum. 
 injustice, injustltia, injuria. 
 inquire, guaerere. 
 innocent, Innochis. 
 insolent, insolins. 
 inspect, to, inspicere. 
 institution, instiisium. 
 instructed, Moctus. 
 insult, contumHia, injuria. 
 intellect, mSns. 
 iD.teiest,interest,r?fert.% 381. 
 intrust, committere. 
 inventor, inventor. 
 invite, iniMdre, wcdre. 
 iron, ferrum ; (of Iron) fer- 
 
 reus. 
 issue (subst.), exitus. 
 ivory, ebur ; (of ivory) ex 
 
 ebore. 
 
 Jackdaw, gracidus. 
 join, jungere ; to join bat- 
 tle, proelium committere. 
 journey, iter. 
 joy, gaudium ; laetitia (glad- 
 
 Image, imSgo. 
 imitate, imitSH. 
 imitation, imitdtio. 
 immediately, statim. 
 impend, impendlre, 
 
 importance, to be of, inier- K 
 
 est, refert. § 177 Keen, deer. 
 
 jaige, judex. 
 judgment, judicium. 
 just, j&stus. 
 justly, iS«. 
 justice, jiistitia. 
 
 keep, servdre, custodlr'. ; 
 
 (keep in), continire ; 
 
 (from), prohUHre. 
 keeper, custds. 
 kill, to, interflcere ; oaA- 
 
 dere, caedere (slay), n» 
 
 cdre (cruelly). 
 kind (fubet.), genus. 
 kind (adj.), benignus. 
 king, rhi. 
 kingdom, regnum. 
 knee, genu. 
 knife, cutter. 
 know, to, sdiire (of things), 
 
 nSscere ; nSsse ; cognS' 
 
 seere ; not to know, ni- 
 
 sclre, ignSrare. 
 known (well), cognitus. 
 
 I,. 
 Labor, to, labdrare, 
 labor (snbst.), laior. 
 Lacedaemonian, Zacedae- 
 
 monius. Loco. 
 'ia,lSs.,^^o,car'i!re,eglTe, indi^fi, 
 laden, onvxtus, 
 lake, lacMS. 
 lamb, agnus. 
 lame, claudus, 
 lament, to, t-dmentdft, 
 land, terra ; patria. 
 large, magnus ; amplus, in- 
 
 g^ns (huge), 
 lark, alauda. 
 laugh, to, HdSre. 
 laugh, laagbter, t^sus. Us. 
 law, llx. 
 
 lay iown, ponere, depmere. 
 laziness, pigritia. 
 la,zj,piger, ignavua. 
 lead (subst.), plumbum. 
 lead, to, ducere. 
 leader, dux. 
 leading-men, principis. 
 leaS, folium. 
 league, foedus, eris. 
 lean, to, n%^. 
 leap down, ddsi^re. 
 learn, discere. 
 learned, doctus. 
 learning, doctrlna. 
 least (adj.), minimus, 
 leave, to, relinquere. 
 
172 
 
 VOCABTILAET. 
 
 loft (adj.), sinister ; (hand) lovely, see boaatifol, 
 
 sinistra. 
 leg, crus. 
 legion, legio. 
 leisure, 5tium. 
 less (adj.>, minor. 
 lever, vectis. 
 liberal, liierSlis. 
 liberality, liieralitas. 
 liberate, to, Uberare. 
 lie, to, jaclre ; to lie in 
 
 wait for, insidiSf^ ali- 
 
 lie, to tell a, mentiH. 
 liar, rmruidx. 
 license, licentia. 
 life, vita. 
 light (adj.), levis. 
 light, a, l&x, lUmen. 
 
 low, httmUis, 
 
 lack, fortUna ; good lack, 
 
 (secunda)fortana, fWd- 
 
 tas. 
 Inoky, fMx, faustus, forto- 
 
 ndtus. 
 Inst, liiMo, 
 luxury, luxuria, 
 Lydian, LS<li- 
 
 Macedonian, Macedo, &nis. 
 mad, insdnvs (cracked) ; fV' 
 
 ridsus (maniacal), 
 mad, to be, tnsdnlrs, furere. 
 madness, insdnla, furor, 
 magistracy, magistrate, 
 magistrStus. 
 lightning (flash of), ful- maid, maiden, virgo, puella ; 
 gur : (stroke of), fid- maid (servant), anciUa. 
 
 mainland, contin^ns. 
 maintain, cSnJlrmare ; cSn- 
 servdre. 
 (of make, facers, officers, Ted- 
 ders. 
 malady, morbus. 
 man, hiymo (human being) \ 
 vir (opp. to woman) ; 
 mortalis ; man-servant, 
 little, parvus ; (mean) par- famulus. 
 
 vus, pUsUlus. mankind, genus MmSnum : 
 
 live, vivere ; (dwell) haii- gins hilmana. 
 
 men. 
 like (adj.), similis. 
 likeness, imago. 
 line (of battle), acUs ; 
 
 march), agmen. 
 linger, eunctdn. 
 lion, leo. 
 lioness, leaena. 
 literature, Vllerae. 
 
 measure (snbst.), mSnsara. 
 
 meat, caro (flesh) ; ciftia 
 (food). 
 
 meet, to, obvlam lre,Jler'i ; 
 conveners. 
 
 member, m^mbrum. 
 
 memory, m^moria. 
 
 mention, m^ntio. 
 
 merchant, mercdtor. 
 
 message, n&ntius. 
 
 messenger, n&ntius. 
 
 method, via rations, mo- 
 dus. 
 
 middle, \medius, |287B. 
 
 midst, J S 334 R. 6. 
 
 mild, mltis. 
 
 military, mllUdris. 
 
 milk, lao. 
 
 mind, animus, mlns. 
 
 mindful, menwr. 
 
 mission (object of), tls. 
 
 mistaken, to be, errSre, 
 falU. 
 
 moderate, I 
 
 moderation, J ' 
 
 \ modeetus. 
 
 tSre. 
 living, vlvus. 
 load (snbst.), onus, erla, 
 load, to, onerdre. 
 lofty, excelsus. 
 long (adj.), longus. 
 
 manner, modus. 
 many, mulSi. 
 march, to, projicisgl. 
 maritime, maritimxis. 
 mark, to, notare. 
 market-place, forum. 
 
 long (adv.), dm (a long marriage, mdtrimMlum. 
 
 time), 
 longing, diAderlum. 
 loose, loosen, solvere. 
 lord, to, domindrl. 
 lose, dmlttere (let go) ; 
 
 dere (waete). 
 
 marry, to, uxdrem dUcere 
 (of the man) ; vird no- 
 bere (of the woman), 
 masses, i>2lfis multitodo. 
 ; per- master, dominus ; hems 
 (of slaves) ; magister 
 loss, damnum, incommodum, (teacher). 
 
 jactera. master, make one's self, 
 
 lot, SOTS ;fortuna. poUri. 
 
 loud, cldrue ; magnus. match, pdr. 
 love, to, amSre ; dUlgere matter (snbst.), ris. 
 
 (like). meadow, pratum. 
 
 love (snbst.), amor. measure, to, mMtl. 
 
 modest, ) ^ „ 
 modesty, [ ""*»*'• 
 money, pecUnia. 
 monkey, iHmia. 
 month, m.lnsis, 
 moon, luna. 
 morning, m3ne. 
 morose, mdrdsus. 
 morrow, the, crds, crdstinui 
 
 dils. 
 mortal, mortalis. 
 most (people), p/SrtgiM. 
 mother, mdter ; mother-iu- 
 
 law, soenis. 
 mound, tumulus, agger. 
 mount, to, cSnscendere. 
 mountain, mSm. 
 mourn, lUgSre, maerire. 
 mouse, mas. 
 mouth, ds. 
 
 move, mov^e, «l movers. 
 movement, mdtua. 
 much, muUus. 
 multitude, muUitOdo. 
 murder, to, Inlerficere. 
 must, dlblre ; opurtet, n» 
 
 cesseest. 
 
VOCABULAET. 
 
 173 
 
 N. 
 Naked, nUdus. 
 name, ndmen. 
 name, to, nifminSre, appel- 
 
 Idre, vocare. 
 narrow, anguetua. 
 nation, gins. 
 nature, rMura. 
 naughty, improbus. 
 near l^iy), propinguns. 
 near, to come, § 337. 
 nearly, prope. 
 necessary, necessarius, ne- 
 
 cesse ; opus est. 
 necessity, necessitSs. 
 neck, collum^ cermcSs. 
 need, op«s, ttsus ; to be in, 
 
 effSre, indigSre, carSre. 
 needle, acus. 
 nefarious, rw/drim. 
 neglect, to, negligere. 
 neglect (aubst.), negligentia, 
 neighbor, ing, xmnus. 
 neither, neuter. 
 nest, nidus. 
 never, nunguctm, § 482. 
 new, novus (opp. to anii- 
 
 quus) ; recms (flreBh, 
 
 opp. to vetvs). 
 news, nAntius, aliguid notH. 
 nice, = sweet, duleis. 
 night, nox. 
 
 nightingale, luscinia. 
 nobility, mbilSs. 
 noble, noMiis, generdsus. 
 none, nuttus. 
 noose, lagueus. 
 nose, nasus. 
 
 nothing, nihil, nutta rSs. 
 nourish, to, cUere. 
 now, nvnc. 
 number, numerus. 
 If umidian, Numida. 
 nurse, to, cardre. 
 nut, nux; nut-Bhell, nueis 
 
 cortex. 
 
 0. 
 
 Oak, quercus, rStur. 
 oar, rSmus. 
 oath, jH^Hrandum. 
 obey, to, oiidire, dbtempe- 
 rdre; parire (habitaally) 
 
 obscure, to, dbscUrdre. 
 
 obscure, obseurus. 
 
 observe, semdre. 
 
 occupation, negotlum. 
 
 occupied, occupstus. 
 
 ocean, dceanus, Tnare. 
 
 offer, to, orfferre. 
 
 office, magistrdtus. 
 
 often, saepe, 
 
 old, vetus (length of diir»- 
 ation) ; ajitiquus (dis- 
 tance of origin), 
 
 old age, senectUs. 
 
 old man, semx. 
 
 omit, to, omittere, 
 
 once (for all), semel; once 
 (on a time), dlim^ guoti- 
 dam. 
 
 one, Unus ; one day, aliguajir 
 do. 
 
 only, sdlus; (adv.) tatitum, 
 Ttwdo^ solum. 
 
 open, to, aper^re. 
 
 opportunity, occdsio; op- 
 povtunitds (convenience). 
 
 oppose, appSnere. 
 
 opposite, contrdHus. 
 
 opulent, opule?itus. 
 
 or, out, vel, § 49S. 
 
 order (eubst.), ordo ; orders 
 to give, imperdre. 
 
 order, to, imperdre, juWre. 
 
 origin, orlgo. 
 
 ornament (snbst.), decus. 
 
 other, alius, alter, § 306. 
 
 ought, deb^e. 
 
 our, noster, 
 
 overbearing, superbus. 
 
 overcome, superare (sur- 
 pass) ; vincere (van- 
 quish). 
 
 owe, to, dSblre. 
 
 P. 
 
 Fain, dolor. 
 paint, to, pingere. 
 painter, pielor. 
 painting, pictUra, tabula 
 
 (picta). 
 palace, damns, aedis. 
 pardon, to, igndscere, vent- 
 
 am dare. 
 pardon (snbst.), venia. 
 
 parent, par$ne. 
 part (subst.), pars. 
 partaker, paHicq)s, 
 partner, socius. 
 party, pars, partis. 
 pass (over), trdnslire. 
 passions, libldinis. 
 patience, patientia. 
 pavilion, tahemdmHum, 
 pay, to, solvere. 
 pay (subst.), Tnerd^. 
 peacock, pdiso. 
 peace, pax. 
 
 peasant, r&sticus, agrlcoki. 
 peculiar, proprius. 
 pen, penna ; ealamus, stilus, 
 peoT^le, populus ; hominSs. 
 perceive, intelligere, ani- 
 
 madvertere. 
 yeitovm,perJlcere, conficere ; 
 
 fungi. 
 perhaps, fortasse. 
 perish, perire, interire, 
 permit, permittere, sinere. 
 perpetual, perpetuus. 
 Persian, Persa. 
 persou, homo. 
 perspicuous, perspicdx. 
 persuade, persuddSre. 
 philosopher, ^A»to5(>pAM». 
 Phoenician, Phoenix. 
 physician, medieus. 
 picture, pictara, tabula. 
 pierce, perfordre. 
 pigeon, columba. 
 pine-tree, plnus. 
 pious, pim. 
 pitch (a camp), pdnere. 
 placable, pldcdbilis. 
 place, loms. 
 
 plan, consilium ; smtentia. 
 plant (subst.), herba. 
 plant, to, serere. 
 play, to, ludere. 
 pleasant, graius,jUcundus. 
 please, pladre. 
 pleasure, volttptds. 
 pledge, pignus. 
 plough (subst.), ardtrum ; 
 
 ploughman, ardtor. 
 plough, to, ardre. 
 plunder, spolidre ; dlripere, 
 poem, carmen, poima. 
 
174 
 
 yOCABTTLAET. 
 
 poet, polta. prudent, prddSru. 
 
 point, to, acuere. public, homirOs. 
 
 Pompey, Pompejm. Funics. Poen%. 
 poor, pauper, inops ; miser, punish, punlre. 
 
 popular, popularia. punishment, poena. 
 
 possession, possesHo. puppy, catulus. 
 
 postman, labelldriua. pure, purus. 
 
 poverty, paupsrIMa. purify, p&rgdre. 
 
 pound, libra. put, ponere, coUooSre. 
 
 power, potest3s ; to be in 
 
 one's power, penes all 
 
 quern esse. 
 practice, ^us. 
 practice, to, exerc^e. 
 praise (snbst.), laus. 
 praise, to, laudare. 
 precept, praeceptum. 
 prefect, praefectus. 
 prefer, aniepdnere ; mdlle. 
 prepare, parare.' 
 present, to, d5nare. 
 present (sabst.), donum. 
 present, to be, adesse. 
 preserve, servdre. 
 pretend, Hmuldre. 
 
 pretty, bellus, ■puLclur. 
 
 prevent, profiibSre, impedlre, rampart , Valium, 
 prey, praeda. [pfflcere. rare, rdrus. 
 
 price, prelium. rash, temerdrius. 
 
 priest, ess, sacerdos, raven, corvus. 
 
 prince, pnnceps. reach, assequl, attingere 
 
 prison, career^ custodia. read, legere. 
 prisoner, capitis; (of war) reaiily,/a«ife 
 
 Quantity, iMs, 
 
 queen, r^gina, 
 
 quench, exstinguere ; e'iddre 
 
 question, to, guaerere. 
 
 question (snbst.), guaestio. 
 
 quick, celer. 
 
 quickness, celeritds, vW- 
 
 cilds. 
 quiet, guiStus. 
 
 Babble, vulgus. 
 raft, ratis, 
 raise, to, toUere. 
 ram, arils. 
 
 capHmis. 
 privy, conscius. 
 iprocvLre, pardre. 
 prodigy, prSdigium. 
 profit (subet.), commodum. 
 profit, to, prSdesse. 
 promise, to, promitlere , 
 
 pollUUrl (Toluntarily). 
 
 ready, pardtus. 
 
 rear, tergum. 
 
 reason, ratio. 
 
 recall, revocare; (recollect) 
 
 remrdaH. 
 receive, accipere, recipere; 
 
 (aa a guest) excipere. 
 recollect, recordSrl. 
 
 promise (eubBt.),i»'5maffsM?n,recommend, commenddre. 
 property, rU, bona. recover, recuperdre, recipere 
 
 propose, to, prvpSnere. red, ruber. 
 yros^eiity, flUcUas. reduce, redigere. 
 
 ^oteet, prdtegere, dlfendere, refer, referre 
 
 tuirn, tutarl. 
 proud, superbua. 
 prove, pi'obdre. 
 proverb, pr&verbiuTn. 
 provide, prdvidire. 
 province, prdvinda. 
 prow, prora. 
 
 refrain (s2) obstiTi^e. 
 refuse, to, recUsdre. 
 rein, frlnl, a. 
 reject, rejicere, repiidi- 
 
 are. 
 rejoice, gaud^e ; laetdA 
 
 (show gladness). 
 
 tegion, regio. 
 relation,pn)pingtn«, cognU 
 
 tus, 
 relieve, levdre. 
 remain, TnariSre. 
 remember, reminiscl, memt' 
 
 nisse. 
 remind, monlre. 
 remind, commonefaeere. 
 remove, mavZre^ remav^e^ 
 
 ' toUere. 
 repeat, = report, referrt. 
 repent, paenitet. 
 '.repulse, to, repeUere. 
 reputation,/amo. 
 request, eee beg. 
 require, postuldre. 
 rescue, salUs. 
 resign, abdicdre. 
 resist, resistere. 
 TeaolYe,cSnslituere,dlcemere. 
 rest (snbst.), guiSs. 
 rest, to, guilscere. 
 restore, rejicere ; resiituere. 
 retire, si recipere. 
 return, to (act.), reddere, 
 
 resiituere; (neat.) redHre. 
 return (eubst.), rediCus. 
 revolution, res novae. 
 reward (subst.), praemi- 
 
 um. 
 Bhodes, BTiodus. 
 rich, dives. 
 riches, diviliae, o^. 
 right (adj.), dexter ; j&stut, 
 right (snbst.), jSs. 
 rim, margo. 
 ring, dnulus. 
 ripe, mdtarus. 
 rise, to, surgere ; onrl. 
 river, Jluvius. 
 road, via. 
 
 roar {auhst), fremitus. 
 rob, prinare, spolidre. 
 robber, lalro, praedo. 
 rook, saoaim, rSpls 
 roll, to, volvere. 
 roof, tectum. 
 root, rddix. 
 rope, fttnis, restis ; lagveus 
 
 (halter). 
 rough, asper. 
 row, ardo. 
 
VOCABULAET. 
 
 175 
 
 royal, rlgius (of a king) ; 
 
 rigSlis (like a king's). 
 min, rulnu ; pemiciis. 
 ruiili to, perdere^ pessum 
 
 dare. 
 ruinous (act.), pemlddsus. 
 rule (subst.), imperium, 
 rule, to, regere^ moderar^. 
 ruler, moderator. 
 run, currers; fugere; to 
 
 ran-ap, aecurrere. 
 
 S. 
 Sacred, sacer. 
 sacrifice, to, immolare. 
 sad, tristis, maestus. 
 safe, tutus, salims, incolu- 
 
 mis. 
 safety, salss. 
 sail (subst.), v^um. 
 sail, to, navigdre. 
 salt, sal. 
 salute, saliztdre. 
 same, idem, § 396. 
 sanctuary, fSnum. 
 save, servdre, cdnservdre. 
 say, (Mcere. 
 scarce, vix. 
 
 scatter, spargere,dispergere. 
 seTiolax,diseiinUiis ; (learned 
 
 man), doetus. 
 school, sckola, ISdin. 
 science, scientia. 
 scold, to, vituperdre, 
 scream, to, eWmdre, excld- 
 
 mdre. 
 Scythian, Seyttm. 
 sea, mare. 
 
 season, iempestds, tempus, 
 seat, sMes. 
 second, secundns. 
 secretly, clam. 
 see, vidire. 
 seek, gyaerere; seek after, 
 
 expetere. 
 seem, vid^rl. 
 seize, corripere. 
 sell, vlndere. 
 senate, senatus. 
 send, mittere;' send back, 
 
 remittere. 
 sensation, mdius. 
 sense, slnstis. 
 
 serious, sSritw. 
 servant, serous ; man-s. 
 famulus ; maid-s. ancilla. 
 servant, to be a, senfire. 
 set, ponere ; set on.incitdre ; 
 
 set np, statuere ; (of tbe 
 
 snn) occidere. 
 shade, shadow, umbra. 
 shady, umbrSsus. 
 shameful, turpis. 
 shameful ieedi.,faei!ius. 
 shameless, impudens, inve- 
 
 ricundvs. 
 shape, /orma. 
 share (subst.), pars, portio. 
 sharp, acrutus. 
 sheep, mis, pecus. 
 shepherd, pastor. 
 ship, navis. 
 shore, H^us, 
 short, irevis, 
 shoulder, humerus. 
 show, monstrdre, ostendere ; 
 
 show one's self, fig prae^ 
 
 stare. 
 shower, irriber^ 
 shre\f d, callidus, 
 shrub, /rato. 
 shudder, to,horrlre. 
 shut, to, elaudere. 
 Sicily, Sicitia. 
 sick, aeger ; aegrStus (physi- 
 cally). 
 sickness, morbus, valetudo. 
 side, latus. 
 siege, obsidio. 
 signal, signum. . 
 silent, tacitus ; to be silent, 
 
 taclre. 
 silly, insulsus. 
 silliness, inmlsilas. 
 silver, argentum ; (of silver) 
 
 simpleton, status, fatuus. 
 sing, canere. 
 sister, s&ror. 
 situated, situs. 
 
 skilful,' }.P«'^«. «'^«'''™- 
 skin, cutis, pellis. 
 skull, caimt. 
 sky, caelum. 
 slate, toAvla. 
 
 slave, (male) servus; (fa- 
 male) serva; to bo a 
 slave, sertnre. 
 
 slavery, seroitus. 
 
 slay, tnuSddre. See kill. 
 
 sleep (subst.), somnus. 
 
 sleep, to, dormvre. 
 
 slight, levis. 
 
 slow, tardus. 
 
 sly, callidus. 
 
 small, parvus. 
 
 smell, to, (give forth) redo- 
 Ure ; (take in) olfacere. 
 
 smoke, fumus. 
 
 snake, serpina, anguls, colu- 
 ber. 
 
 snare, taqueus. 
 
 snow, nix. 
 
 so, ita, sijc. 
 
 society, soditSs. 
 
 soldier, miles. 
 
 sole (adj.), solus. 
 
 some, aliquls ; gvUdam ; 
 % 300 foil. ; nonnulU, 
 some day, aliguando ; 
 sometimes, nSnnurv- 
 guam; interdum (once 
 in a while). 
 
 somewhat, cUiguantum. 
 
 Bon, fUius. 
 
 son-in-law, gener. 
 
 song, cantus, carmen, 
 
 soon, brej^ ; cito. 
 
 soothe, Knire. 
 
 sorry, to be, paenltel. 
 
 soul, animus, Tjiins. 
 
 sound (adj.), sn^us. 
 
 sound (snbat.), sonus. 
 
 sour-tempered, mdrosus, 
 
 sow. to, serere. 
 
 sow (subst.), sSs. 
 
 Spain, Bispdnia, 
 
 spare, parcere. 
 
 sparrow, passer. 
 
 Spartan, Spartdnus. 
 
 speak, logm, dicere ; verba 
 facere. 
 
 speech, SrStio; to make a 
 speech, Srdtionem ha 
 blre. 
 
 speed, celeritds, vSlocitds. 
 
 spirit, aniinus. 
 
 splendid, splmdidus. 
 
1T6 
 
 VOCABULAET. 
 
 spring (season), jiSr. sun, sdl. 
 
 spur, calcaria. superstition, superstliio, 
 
 stag, cenrua. EuppUcation, stippitcdtio. 
 
 stall, stabulum. supplied,bonntifully (to be), 
 
 stand, to, stcLn ; to stand abunddre, scathe. 
 
 in the way of, obstare. suppose, putSre, arbitraH, 
 standard, Hgnum. opindH. See think, 
 
 standard-bearer, signifer. supreme, mprlmus, sum- 
 star, Stella. mm. 
 starling, stumus. surface (of water), asqxior, 
 state, condido; (govern- surname, cogiuymen. 
 
 ment) coMOs, res pi. surpass, superare. 
 
 blica. surrender, to, Iradere, di- 
 
 statue, signum, siatua. dere. 
 
 stay, to, mariSre ; stay one's surround (Arcumdare^ cin- 
 
 self, nltl. 
 
 suspicion, susjMo. 
 swallow (subst.), hirundo. 
 swallow up, vorSre, dSvo- 
 
 rWre^ haunre, 
 swan, cycnus. 
 sway, imperium, ditto. 
 
 steadfast, c6nstdns. 
 
 stern (subst.), puppis. 
 
 stone, lapis. 
 
 stork, ciconia. 
 
 storm, procella (squall) 
 
 tempestSs (tempest), 
 storm, to (take by storm), swear, ifirare. 
 
 expugnSre. sweet, dulcis ; sudvis. 
 
 stOTy,fSbula. swift, celer, vU6x. 
 
 strange (foreign), oliMus ; swim, across, trWruire. 
 
 (wonderful) mirus. swine, sits, porcus. 
 
 stranger, peregrirms, ho- sword, gladius. 
 
 spes. syllable, syllaba. 
 
 strength, rStur, iMrSs ; to Syracuse, SyraeOsM. 
 
 take fresh strength, tfir 
 
 r^ resUmere. T. 
 
 strict, senirus. Tablet, tabula. 
 
 strife, rixa. tail, cauda. 
 
 strip, nUddre. take, sUmere, capere ; t 
 
 stroke (of llghtning),/Mtoe». take away, adimere 
 strong, valid^ui ; fortis. (by force), iripere. 
 
 study, studlwn, 
 study, to, studSre. 
 stupid, stultas, stupidus. 
 subject, subjectns. 
 subjugate, domdre. 
 succeed, succSdere. 
 succumb, mccumbere. 
 sudden, svMtus. 
 suddenly, subi0, 
 suffer, pan, perpetH. 
 suffering, dolor, 
 sue for, petere. 
 sufficient, to be, sufficere, 
 
 satis esse. 
 suit, to, conveMre. 
 suitable, aptvs, idbn^us. 
 
 talk (subst.), sermo. 
 
 talk, to, coUogyH. 
 
 tall, prdchnis. 
 
 talon, unguis. 
 
 tame, to, domdre. 
 
 tardy, tardus. 
 
 taste, to, gustdre. 
 
 tax (sabst.), vedUgcU, tribU- 
 
 tum. 
 tear, to pieces, (^Uanidre. 
 tear (subst.), lacrima. 
 tell, ndrrdre. 
 temper, animiis. 
 temple, aedU, 
 tenacious, ten&c. 
 tender, tener. 
 
 testimony, testimBnlum. 
 
 thank, to (give thanks), gr3 
 iias agere. 
 
 therefore, itajue, igitur, 
 §502. 
 
 thick (coarse), crassus 
 
 VDiet,JUr. 
 
 thin, termis. 
 
 thing, ris. 
 
 think, putSre ; cSgitdrs 
 (form an idea) ; arbitrdri 
 (judge deliberately) ; 
 opinari (as an individual 
 conviction) ; senfire (as 
 a view), judicdre (to 
 judge), cinslre (to esti- 
 mate) ; See also re- 
 member, esteem, con- 
 sider. 
 
 thirst (subst.), sitis. 
 
 thirst, to, sitlre, 
 
 Thraoian, ThrSx. 
 
 throat, /a«i;2«. 
 
 throne, imperivm, regnum 
 
 throw, jaeere ; off, alyUere. 
 
 thunder, tonWre. 
 
 Tiber, Tiberis. 
 
 tidings, mi,Mius. 
 
 time, tempus. 
 
 timid, timidus. 
 
 tire, to, taedet. 
 
 tongue, lingua. 
 
 too, guogue. 
 
 tooth, dSns. 
 
 top, caeSm^n, 
 
 touch, tangere. 
 
 track, vestigium. 
 
 trade, eommercium; (banal 
 craft) ars. 
 
 tragedy, tragoedia. 
 
 traitor, prDditor. 
 
 transport, trdnsportdre, 
 transmitters. 
 
 travel, to, Uerfaeere. 
 
 traveller, vidtm: 
 
 treat, tractdre. 
 
 treaty, foedus. 
 
 tribe, gins. 
 
 trick, dolus. 
 
 triumph (subst.), Iriumplivt 
 
 triumph, to, triumphdre. 
 
 troops, Opiae. 
 
 trouble, mokstia, negstium. 
 
TOCABTTLAET. 
 
 177 
 
 troublesome, molestus. 
 
 truce, indutiae. 
 
 true, v^rus. 
 
 trust, c&nfidere. 
 
 truth, v^rum, v5ra. 
 
 trunk, truncus. 
 
 try, expeHrl, tentdre^ c5nUrl. 
 
 turn, vertere/ tnrn out, 
 
 vigorous, Seer. 
 village, Ulcus. 
 violence, liU. 
 violent, ve/iemSns, deer. 
 virtue, virtus. 
 voice, v6x. 
 Volscians, Tolsai. 
 vulture, imltur. 
 
 twins, genMl, gemelB. 
 
 V. 
 
 TTlysses, Ulixls. 
 
 unbounded, inflnitus. 
 
 uncle (father's brother), pa- 
 truus ; (mother's broth- 
 er), avunculus. 
 
 unburied, insejmltus. 
 
 uncon^uered, invictus. 
 
 understand, inielligere, ac- 
 cipere, comperire. 
 
 understanding, mlns. 
 
 undertake, suscipere. 
 
 undertaking, inceplum. 
 
 unfair, inlguus. 
 
 unfortunate, in/nix, miser. 
 
 ungrateful, ingrdtus. 
 
 uninjured, incolumis. 
 
 universe, mundits. 
 
 unjust, iniquus^ injiistus. 
 
 unlucky, infiHx. 
 
 unwary, iTicautus. 
 
 unwholesome, noctns. 
 
 unwilling, to be, Tidlle. 
 
 upright, probus. 
 
 use, to, utl. 
 
 use (siibst,), Hsus. 
 
 usually, I am, soleo. 
 
 usurp, Ssurpdre. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vain, vdnus. 
 
 value, prelium. 
 
 value, to, aesiimdre, ducere, 
 
 pendere. 
 varying, varius. 
 venture, audlre. 
 vessel, vds. 
 vice, vitium. 
 victory, victdria ; to get the 
 
 victory, vincers^ victSri- 
 
 am reportdre. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wait, for, exspectdre. 
 wait, to lie in, ineidiSr%. 
 walk, to talse a walk, amtM~ 
 
 Idre. 
 wall, murus ; moenia (pi.), 
 
 (city) ; pariis (party). 
 want, to, earire, egire, in- 
 
 diglre; granted to be, 
 
 opus esse. 
 want (snbBt.),«g'esias, inopia. 
 war, bellum ; to wage war, 
 
 helium inferre. 
 ward off, to, dlfendere. 
 warm (adj.), calidus. 
 warn, monlre, admonlre. 
 wary, cautus. 
 waste, to lay, vastdre, popu- 
 
 Idrl. 
 watch, vigilia. 
 watch (-men), cusWdia^ cus- 
 
 Udis. vigUiae, vlgilU, 
 watchful, vigU, vigildns. 
 water, ag^a. 
 way, via; modus. 
 way, to give, c&dere ; stand 
 
 in the way, obstdre. 
 wayfaring man, vidiar. 
 weak, dlbilis, imbidUus. 
 weaken, d^ilitdre. 
 weal, solus. 
 wealth, dlvUiae, opls. 
 weary (wearied), /essws. 
 weary, to, taedeti 
 weep, laerimdre, Jllre. 
 weight, pondus. 
 welfare, solus. 
 well(aaj.),sffira«s/(adv.),Ssn«. 
 when ? Quando. 
 white, albus, eandidus. 
 whole, Ktvs. 
 wicked, maius, imvrobus. 
 7* 
 
 wide, Idhs. 
 
 wife, uxor. 
 
 win, ferus; wild beast, /«•«, 
 
 will, voluntas ; good-will, 
 
 benevolentia, favor, vo- 
 
 luntds. 
 will, to, velle. 
 wind (eubst.), ventus. 
 window, fenestra. 
 wine, vinum. 
 winter, Mems. 
 winter-quarters, Miema. 
 wisdom, sapientia, pruden 
 
 tia. 
 
 wise, sapiens, 
 wish, to, optdre, cupere, velle. 
 withdraw, «S recipere. 
 witness (subst.), testis. 
 wolf, Itipus ; she-wolf, lupa. 
 woman, mutter, fSmina. 
 wonderful, minis. 
 wont, to be, sollre. 
 wood, a, silva ,' (fuel), lignum; 
 
 (building-wood), materia. 
 word, verbuTn. 
 work (subst.), opus. 
 work, to, labdrdre. 
 world, mundus ; orbis ter- 
 
 rdrum. 
 worth (subst.), virtUs. 
 worthy, dignus ; to deem 
 
 worthy, digndri. 
 wound, to, vulnerdre. 
 wound (subst,), milnus. 
 wreath, cordna. 
 wretch (wretched), miser; 
 
 perditus. 
 write, scrWere. 
 wrong, injuria. 
 
 Year, annus. 
 yesterday, herl. 
 yield, eldere. 
 
 young (of animals), pulbu, 
 youth, juvenis ; juventUa. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zeal, studium. 
 zealous, studidsut. 
 
SUPPLEMEXTAEY YOCABULAEY. 
 
 Able, to he, posse. 
 achieTement, /acinus. 
 act, UD. /actum. 
 admiration, admirdiio. 
 advice, consUium. 
 Aetolian, AeiUus. 
 af&ighted. pertarritus. 
 again, rursus. 
 ago, abJunc. 
 allov, permittere, eoncl 
 
 dere. 
 althongh, (rtianquam, 
 
 quamvis. 
 animal, bestia. 
 attire, omatvs. 
 avail, to be ot..Jiwdr*. 
 avert, avertere. 
 antomn, autumnus. 
 auxiliary-troops, auxilia. 
 await, ex^p&Udre. 
 
 B. 
 
 Beseech, obsecrdn. 
 boar, aper. 
 bog, palus. 
 box, area, cisia. 
 burdensome, molestus. 
 
 crown, wreath, cordna 
 kingly c, diadlma. 
 
 Days, two, Induum ; three, 
 trlduum; fuor, quadri- 
 dmtrn. 
 
 deaf, svrdus. 
 
 deatb, pat to ; see kill. 
 
 deer, cervus. 
 
 desert, to, diserere. 
 
 deserve, dignum esse. 
 
 deter, to, detarSre. 
 
 devour, devordre. 
 
 direction, praeceptum. 
 
 disappoint, /aUere. 
 
 dissuade, dUsuaOn. 
 
 doubtful, duHus. 
 
 dusty, pulverulerUvs. 
 
 C. 
 
 Carry, r«A<r«— back, reve- 
 
 here. 
 cheese, cdseus. 
 CheruEcans, cmrusdL 
 claw. vTiffuis. 
 clearly, per^iieui, plSra. 
 clumsily, twde. 
 color, color. 
 comfort, u. soldlium. 
 condition, condido., status. 
 consolation, solatium. 
 coverlet, ttrSgulum. 
 
 Emerge, imergere. 
 
 enormous, immSnsus. 
 
 enraged, irdcundid flatus. 
 
 eternal, aetemus. sempiter- JawB./aw^. 
 
 nus. 
 everybody else, eJfert. 
 evil, an, malum. 
 exclaim, ddmdre. 
 exhortation, lu/rtSlio. 
 extinguished, exsUnetus. 
 
 goldfinch, acaalhit. 
 Greek, Graecus. 
 grove, lucus. 
 goodwill, benevolentia. 
 
 H. 
 
 Heal, rrudin, sdnSre. 
 hence, hinc. 
 Hippocentaur, Hippoait 
 
 taurus. 
 horde, eaterca. 
 hostage, obees. 
 humble, hutmUs. 
 
 I. 
 Ignorant, nSsdus. 
 immortal, immortaiis. 
 imprudent. imprOdSm. 
 infirmity, injirmitas. 
 innate, inndtus. 
 integrity, inUgritas. 
 Italy, Italia. 
 
 J. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kind-hearted, benignut. 
 kindness, bunignitds. 
 
 V. 
 Fair (ju^^), aequtis. 
 falcon,/atoo. 
 false, /alsus. 
 favor, to./acSre. 
 finery, omdtia. 
 foolish, stvltus. 
 Solum, forum. 
 
 Garden, Ttortus. 
 general, praelor. 
 
 L. 
 
 Later, adv., post 
 let-go, dimittere. 
 liberty, Hiertas. 
 lictor, liclor. 
 limb, membrum. 
 
 Kagnanimons, magnani- 
 
 mus. 
 magnificent, eplendidus, 
 
 magnlficus. 
 march, iter. 
 mass, muititado. 
 
vocabtilaet; 
 
 179 
 
 migrate, migrSre. 
 misfortunes, incommoda. 
 
 N. 
 Negfligence, negligentia. 
 nevertheless, tamen. 
 
 0. 
 
 Otaerve, eenare. 
 occur, in mentem venire. 
 once, at (immediately), sta- 
 
 tim, 
 only, adj., Snicua. 
 opinion, opmio. 
 overtlirow, to, suivertere. 
 oz, 65s. 
 
 B. 
 
 Eace, ffSns. 
 
 rain, plwvia; irriber (show- 
 er). 
 
 reach, to, fereenire ad. 
 
 rebel, to, dtsnscere. 
 
 recommendation, comment 
 datio. 
 
 regard, to, haiire. 
 
 regret, to, dolire. inare. 
 
 reign, a, regnum ; to, reg- 
 
 rider, eqv£s, 
 
 rower, rgmea:. 
 
 rumor, rumor. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tally, to, convenlre. 
 teacher, magister. 
 theatre, Oiedtrum. 
 thwarts, transtra. 
 toil, labor. 
 tower, turriB. 
 treason, prodltio. 
 tree, arbor. 
 
 tremble, to, amtr&miscere. 
 Troy, Triga. 
 tyrant, tyrannus. 
 Tyrian, Tyrim. 
 
 Plane-tree, platamus. 
 philosophy, phUosapMa. 
 pilot, gubemdtor. 
 portico, porticus. 
 proconsul, proamml. 
 project, a, ctmsUium. 
 propose, intendere. 
 proper, to be, convenire. 
 pull down, dUruere. 
 put an end, fmemfacere. 
 
 Quickly, <Aio. 
 
 quiet, to keep, guiescere. 
 
 S. 
 Set out, projmeci. 
 sharpen, aeuere. 
 sin, a, peccatum. 
 size, magnitudo. 
 sit, fedlre. 
 Bod, a, caespes. 
 squander, dissipdre. 
 stability, stabUitas. 
 staff, baculum. 
 step, a, gradus. 
 Strive, nU%. 
 sufficiently, satis. 
 summer, aesids. 
 sunset, sblis occdsus. 
 swamp, palils. 
 swiftness, cekritds. 
 
 Uncertain, incerius. 
 unhappy, infSlix. 
 unrest, perturbdtio. 
 usefulness, utUUds 
 
 V. 
 Vain, m,frmtrd. 
 various, vdrius. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wake, to, trans., expergtfa- 
 
 cere. 
 want, to (desire), velle. 
 week, hebdomas. 
 weighty, gravis. 
 Weser, Tisurgis. 
 wickedness, niqmtia. 
 without, sirte. 
 
STJMMAET OF EEFEEEIJ^OES 
 
 lis THE TEXT OB THE EXEKCISE-BOOK. 
 
 E. B. = Exercise-Book. 
 
 O. B = Old Edition of Latin Oramma/r. 
 
 N. E. — New Edition of Latin Grammar. 
 
 E. B. 
 
 0. E. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 PAGE 
 17 
 
 SBO. 
 
 86, K. 1 
 
 SEC. 
 
 286, E. 1 
 
 22 
 26 
 36 
 43 
 
 316 
 
 286 
 
 316 
 
 868, E. 
 
 224 
 
 500 
 
 224 
 
 586, E. 
 
 46 
 
 252 
 157 
 143 
 49, E. 
 
 469 
 360, E. 1 
 
 345 
 246, E. 1 
 
 49 
 
 172 
 
 375 
 
 
 39 
 
 236, E. 2 
 
 50 
 
 17 
 
 209 
 
 51 
 
 149 
 
 351 
 
 52 
 53 
 
 64 
 66 
 
 87, E. 
 
 142 
 
 100 
 
 17 
 
 128, E. 2 
 
 287, K. 
 
 344 
 
 298 
 
 209 
 330, E. 2 
 
 
 418 
 
 625 
 
 
 423 
 
 630 
 
 57 
 
 249 
 252 
 172 
 267 
 166, E. 2. 
 
 463 
 469 
 375 
 483 
 308 
 
 
 155 
 
 357, E. 2 
 
 58 
 
 186 
 
 387 
 
 60 
 
 134, E. 3 
 157 
 39 
 
 410, E. 3 
 360, E. 1 
 236, E. a 
 
 1. The Latin language has a strong tendency to rhetorical 
 
 repetition. 
 
 2. Imperfect of Endeavor. 
 See No. 25. 
 
 See No. 2. 
 
 3. Cum, with the Subj. is often translated by the English 
 
 Participle. 
 
 4. The dependent interrogative is put in the Subjunctive. 
 
 5. The adjective form is often preferred to the Genitive. 
 
 6. Prodesse, to do good, to proJU, taltes the Dative. 
 
 7. The Komau uses the Indicative in such verbs, where we 
 
 should expect the Subjunctive (Potential). 
 
 8. Verbs of Eemembering and Forgetting take the Geni- 
 
 tive. 
 
 9. The Pnture Perfect is used with greater exactness in 
 
 Latin than in English. 
 
 10. The Passive often has a reHexive signification and an 
 
 intransitive translation. 
 
 11. Dativus Ethicus, or Dative of Feeling, » usage con- 
 
 fined to the Personal Pronoun. 
 
 12. Superlative denoting order used partitively. 
 
 13. Dative with Passive. 
 
 14. Ipse tibi, when ipse is emphatic, ipsl tiW when ipsl. 
 See No. 10. 
 
 15. Adire aliquem, to apply to a man, adire ad alic[ue]u, 
 
 to go up to a man. 
 
 16. The Pluperfect Ind. is used of antecedent iterative 
 
 action in the Past. 
 
 17. The Future Perf. Ind. is attracted into the Plupf. Subj. 
 , after a past tense in dependent discourse. 
 
 18. Wliether . . 07", is utnim . . . an. 
 See No. 4. 
 
 See No. 8. 
 
 19. Et is often omitted in contrasts. 
 
 20. Mille in the sing, is an indeclinable adjective, in the 
 
 plur. it is a neut. subst., and must have the Genitive. 
 
 21. A predicative attribute is often preferred to an abstract 
 
 in the Genitive. 
 
 22. Place as Cause, Manner, or Instrument, needs no pre- 
 
 position. 
 
 23. Ad with ace. to the neigMorhood of, siege of. 
 See No. 5. 
 
 gee No. 9. 
 
182 
 
 SUMMARY OF EEFEEENCES, 
 
 E. B. O. E. 
 
 SEC. 
 
 aSG 
 221 
 
 144, R. 
 
 143, R. 2 
 404 
 
 359, K. 2 
 
 87, E. 
 101, R. 
 
 37 
 245 
 
 2D 
 
 187 
 357 
 
 30 
 15 
 
 109 
 424 
 
 123, R. 5 
 
 144, R. 
 100 
 
 36 
 367 
 
 78 
 
 15 
 3, R. 8 
 
 371 
 
 368 
 
 78 
 
 77, R. 
 
 442 
 
 415 
 3, R. 5 
 
 307 
 
 368 
 123, R. 6 
 
 86,R. 1 
 
 231 
 323 
 94, R. 3 
 203 
 3!l 
 217 
 
 252 
 147, R. 8 
 
 N. E. 
 
 SEC. 
 
 486 
 
 600, R. 2 
 
 431 
 346, R. 1 
 346, R. 2 
 
 613 
 667, R. 1 
 
 287, R. 
 
 299, R. 
 
 236, E. 2 
 
 457 
 
 212 
 208 
 
 304 
 631 
 
 346, R. 1 
 
 398 
 334, R. 1 
 
 483 
 378, R. 
 
 195, K. 8 
 
 486 
 686, R. 
 
 278 
 377, R. 
 
 655 
 
 623 
 195, R. 5 
 
 521 
 
 686, R. 
 824, R. 7 
 
 286, R. 3 
 
 444 
 
 539 
 293, R. 3 
 
 408 
 336, R. 2 
 
 4^6 
 
 469 
 349, R. 4 
 
 24. AtLtem is postpositive, generally after the first word. 
 
 25. Enim is often explanatory rather than illative, and 
 
 always postpositive. 
 
 26. Verbs of Giving and Taking take the Gerundive of 
 
 the object to be effected. 
 
 27. Verbs compounded with coil-(com-) usually repeat the 
 
 preposition (cum). 
 
 28. Fersnadere, to persuade (make sweet), takes the Dat. 
 
 of Pert?on. 
 
 29. Relative constructions are more common in Latin than 
 
 in Engli:rh. 
 
 30. Latin often subordinates by means of the participle 
 
 where the English coordinates by means of the finite 
 verb. 
 
 31. Adjective used partitively. Comp. No. 12. 
 
 32. The possessive pronouns are often peculiarly emphatic. 
 See No. 9. 
 
 33. Nonue expects the answer : Tee. 
 
 34. The English Progressive Perfett is represented in Latin 
 
 by the Present. 
 
 35. Separative Ablative after a verh of Eemoval. 
 
 36. Dum, so long as, in past relations commonly takes the 
 
 Perf. Ind. 
 37 Reciprocal relation is expressed byinter sS,iliteT noa, &c. 
 
 38. A verb that takes the Dative cannot take the Passive 
 
 except in an impersonal form : Mihi inTidStur, i 
 am envied^ not iuvideor (poetic). 
 
 39. A nejjative is involved : hence, quidquam, 
 
 40. The Subj. is used in clauses which are complementary 
 
 to the Subjunctive or Infinitive. 
 
 41. A predicative adjective is often used instead of an ad- 
 
 verbial phrase. See Vocabulary a. v. absence. 
 See No. 27. 
 See No. 14. 
 See No. 126. 
 See No. 70. 
 
 42. The Perfect Participle is sometimes found where we 
 
 should expect a Present. 
 See No. 38. 
 
 43. Singular for Plural, collectively. 
 See No. 24. 
 
 See No. .3. 
 See No. 42. 
 
 44. Jlemin! of personal recollection usually takes the 
 
 Present Inf. 
 
 45. The Imperative is represented in Indirect Speech by the 
 
 Subjunctive. 
 
 46. The indefinite antecedent is commonly omitted. 
 
 47. In Latin the plural of abstract nouns occurs more fre- 
 
 quently tlian in English. Here the singular may be 
 used as well. 
 
 48. The Reflexive is used of the principal subject in de- 
 
 pendent sentences of design. 
 See No. 3. 
 
 49. Primus the first, prlmum for the first titne, primo at 
 
 first. . 
 
 50. A common surname is put in the plural or repeated with 
 
 each prasnSmen. 
 
 51. NS-quioem, rtoi even, strengthens a precedingnegative. 
 
 52. Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse. 
 
 53. Is does not represent a noun before the Genitive. Omit. 
 
 54. Ablative Absolute. 
 See No. 9. 
 
 55. After prepositions the Gerund and not the Infinitive is 
 
 employed. 
 Sec No, 4. 
 
 56. The possession of qualities is expressed by in aliquS 
 
 esse (not alicul esse) or habSre. 
 
.SUMMARY OF EEPEKElfCES. 
 
 183 
 
 O. E. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 BBC. 
 
 SEO. 
 
 
 167, K. 1 
 
 360, E. 2 
 
 58. 
 
 236 
 
 448, E. 2 
 
 59. 
 
 6 
 
 199i E. 1 
 
 60. 
 
 233 
 
 445 
 
 61. 
 
 271 
 
 486 
 
 
 147, E. 3 
 
 349, K. 4 
 
 
 12.3, K. 5 
 
 334, E. 6 
 
 
 335 
 
 548 
 
 62. 
 
 167, E. 1 
 
 370, E. 2 
 
 63. 
 
 247 
 
 461 
 
 64. 
 
 178, E. 
 
 881, E. 2 
 
 65. 
 
 362 . 
 
 679 
 
 66. 
 
 3,E. 6 
 
 195, E. 6 
 
 67. 
 
 142, E. 
 
 344, E. 1 
 
 68. 
 
 15 
 
 208 
 
 69. 
 
 266 
 
 483 
 
 70. 
 
 29 
 
 221 
 
 
 285 
 
 497 
 
 71. 
 
 257 
 
 478 
 
 72. 
 
 197, E. 
 
 401, E. 
 
 73. 
 
 257 
 
 478 
 
 
 90 
 
 291 
 
 74. 
 
 103 
 
 301 
 
 75. 
 
 232 
 
 447 
 
 76. 
 
 3, E. 8 
 
 195, E. S 
 
 
 3,E. 8 
 
 195, E. 8 
 
 
 •104 
 
 612 
 
 
 86, E. 1 
 
 286, E. 1 
 
 
 47 
 
 241 
 
 
 6, E. 1 
 
 199, E. 1 
 
 
 274 
 
 489 
 
 77. 
 
 3, H. 5 
 
 195, E. 5 
 
 78. 
 
 112 
 
 313 
 
 79. 
 
 155, E. 
 
 357, E. 2 
 
 80. 
 
 172, E. 1 
 
 3T5, E. 1 
 
 81. 
 
 159 
 
 363 
 
 82. 
 
 148 
 
 350 
 
 83. 
 
 107 
 
 305 
 
 
 49. E. 
 
 246, E. 1 
 
 
 859 
 
 646 
 
 84. 
 
 214. E. 3 
 
 424, E. 3 
 
 85. 
 
 117 
 
 317 
 
 86. 
 
 411 
 
 618 
 
 87. 
 
 91 
 
 292 
 
 88. 
 
 89 
 
 290 
 
 89. 
 
 147, E. 3 
 
 3*9, E. 4 
 
 
 236 
 
 448, E. 2 
 
 
 148 
 
 350 
 
 
 17 
 
 209 
 
 
 329 
 
 539 
 
 90. 
 
 37 
 
 243 
 
 91. 
 
 3, R.8 
 
 195, E. 8 
 
 
 271 
 
 486 
 
 
 18 
 
 210 
 
 92 
 
 6,E. 1 
 
 199, E. 1 
 
 
 439, E. 
 
 651, E. 1 
 
 93. 
 
 So.calIed Genitive of the Antior. 
 A negative expression is often preferred to a positive, 
 in order to enhance the effect (LltotSs, understate- 
 Tnent). 
 Impercionals are freely formed from passives. 
 The Latin requires no one ever. 
 See No. 24. 
 See No. 56. 
 See No. 41. 
 
 Verbs of Forbidding take nS with the Subjunctive. 
 TJterque is commonly useu as a Substantive with pro- 
 nouns, hence, uterctue nostrum. 
 Or not in a dependent t[uestion is commonly necne. 
 Mea, etc , can not have apposition. Use the relative. 
 AnteC[uam and priusqaam more commonly have the 
 
 Suhj. after positive sentences. 
 Plural, because logs. 
 Ad, because of the motion involved. 
 Impersonal Passive with Dative. See No. 38. 
 Et is either omitted throughout or inserted throughout. 
 See No. 34. 
 
 -Ve, a weaker form of vel. 
 -Q,Tte complements. 
 Adverbial Ablative. 
 See No. 72. 
 
 DettLonstrative of Second Person. 
 Some or otlier = alic[uis. 
 The negative immediately precedes the emphatic word 
 
 or group. 
 See No. 43. 
 See No. 43. 
 See No. 29. 
 See No. 1. 
 See E. B., p. 162. 
 See No. 60. 
 
 Vers is gemerally put in the second place. 
 Pluralizing abstracts makes them concrete. 
 The compafative is often to be measured by the proper 
 standard. 
 . Abstract with the Genitive often corresponds to English 
 
 adjective and substantive. 
 , Neuter Accusatives are used adverbially with Verbs of 
 
 Memory. 
 , The Objective Genitive commonly takes the substantive 
 and noi the possessive form of the personal pronouns. 
 . Double Dative. 
 Better ; to each man according to his bravery. 
 See No. 7. 
 . Atfltue is used after Adjectives and Adverbs of Like- 
 ness and tTnlike'ness. 
 . Verbs of Hope take the Put. Inf., as a rule. 
 . A common way of heightening a superlative. 
 . The apposition is often taken lip into the Eelative 
 
 clause : a tree which becomes which tree. 
 . Ille, of the future. 
 . Hie of the present. 
 See No. 56. 
 See No. 59. 
 See No. 83. 
 
 See No. 10. , ,. 
 
 . Quod after Verbs of Emotion, tabes the Subj. m Indi- 
 rect Discourse. 
 . Gerundive. 
 See No. 43. 
 See No. 24. 
 . The Passive of an action which one causes to be aone 
 to one-self. 
 See No. 60. 
 . Ajo is used either as a leading verb or parenthetically. 
 
184 
 
 STTMMAET OF EEFEREKCES. 
 
 E. B. 
 
 0. E. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 BKO. 
 
 23U 
 
 404 
 110, R. 2 
 
 20 
 129, R. 2 
 
 SEO. 
 
 448, R. 2 
 
 612 
 304, R. a 
 
 212 
 331, R. 2 
 
 404 
 2ti2 
 426 
 261 
 168 
 161 
 29 
 148 
 871 
 
 612 
 496 
 634 
 467 
 371 
 353 
 221 
 350 
 589 
 
 1K8 
 190 
 231 
 
 371 
 390 
 444 
 
 162 
 424 
 418 
 
 365, R. 1 
 631 
 625 
 
 420 
 192, ft 
 162, E. 
 
 64 
 
 39 
 
 426 
 337, E. 1 
 
 627 
 
 393 
 365, R. 1 
 
 250 
 236, R. 2 
 
 634 
 651, R. 3 
 
 15 
 
 325 
 
 15 
 
 162 R. 
 
 331, E. 2 
 
 208 
 540, E. 1 
 
 208 
 365, R. 1 
 646, R. 2 
 
 415 
 
 6,R. 1 
 
 331, R. 3 
 
 623 
 199, R. 1 
 346, R. 3 
 
 429 
 
 639 
 
 296, E. 2 
 
 512, R. 2 
 
 29 
 864 
 
 321 
 666 
 
 419 
 
 626 
 
 111, E. 4 
 
 311, R. 4 
 
 54 
 
 252 
 
 151 
 103 
 
 353 
 303 
 
 190 
 112 
 168 
 248 
 
 400 
 
 312 
 
 371 
 
 462,2 
 
 298, 6, R. 2 
 
 516, R. 3 
 
 313 
 835 
 
 528 
 548 
 
 See No. 59. 
 
 See No. 29. 
 94. Nullus is QBed idiomatically Tor niSn. 
 
 See No. 37. 
 96. The Cognate Accusative often appears as a Neuter 
 Pronoun. 2b aek this thing = to ask this queetlon. 
 
 See No. 29. 
 
 96. Vel— vel gives a choice. 
 See No. 57. 
 
 97. Deliberative Subjunctive. 
 
 98. Partitive Genitive. 
 
 99. Gerundive. 
 See No. .34. 
 See No. 83. 
 
 100. Cum is frequently combined with ttllll. More weight 
 
 is thrown on the second member. 
 
 101. Partitive Genitive. 
 
 102. Opus est. 
 
 103. The negative may be subdivided by ne^UO— neo[ue or 
 
 by aut— aut. 
 
 104. Gen. of Property. 
 See No. 40. 
 
 105. Iterative Action in the Present is expressed by the 
 
 Perfect Indicative in the dependent clause with the 
 Present Indicative in the leading clause. 
 
 106. Qui = is enim, takes the Indicative. 
 
 107. In with the Abl. = in timeo/. 
 
 108. Genitive of Popseesion In tlie Predicate. 
 
 109. Potential Subjunctive. 
 See No. 9. 
 
 See No. 67. 
 
 110. Hon dubitare, with the Inf. ordinarily — not to hesi- 
 
 tate. 
 See No. 38. 
 
 111. ITon quod commonly takes the Subjunctive. 
 See No. 88. 
 
 See No. 108. 
 
 112. When Verbs of Will and Desire become Verbs of Say. 
 
 Ing and Thinking, they take the Ace. and Inf. 
 See No. 46. 
 See No. 60. 
 
 113. When the idea of Wishing is emphatic, the simple 
 
 Suhj. suffices. 
 
 114. Relative clauses are comparatively seldom coupled by 
 
 et and -que. 
 
 115. The Pure Perf. Ind. is more commonly followed by the 
 
 Imperf. than by the Present Subjunctive. 
 See No. 34. 
 
 116. Of a definite interval postquam usually takes the 
 
 Phiperfect. 
 
 117. The Relative construction is often used to mark the 
 
 temporary, transient relation. 
 
 118. After pltls, amplius. and the like, quam may be 
 
 omitted wititout affecting the construction. 
 
 119. The Potential of the Past is the Imperf. Suhj. generally 
 
 in the Ideal Second Person. It is not changed in 
 sequence, 
 
 120. Gerundive. 
 
 121. Quis fainter than aliquis : often used after Relative 
 
 forms, as, cum quis. 
 
 122. Ablative of Measure of Difference 
 See No. 79. 
 
 See No. 98. 
 
 123. SI, i/, is frequently nsed after Verbs and Phrases im- 
 
 plying trial. 
 
 124. After Verbs implying Hope, etc., the Periphrastic 
 
 Suhj. is not necessary. 
 
 125. Give a Passive turn. Afew things semi, and Gerundive. 
 See No. 62. 
 
SUMMARY OV EEFEEElfCES, 
 
 385 
 
 E. B. 
 
 O. E. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 sEa 
 
 BEO. 
 
 358 
 
 569 
 
 396, R. 2 
 
 512, E. 2 
 
 36 
 
 234, E. 1 
 
 146 
 
 348 
 
 426 
 
 634 
 
 39 
 
 221 
 
 20 
 
 213 
 
 36 
 
 334, E. 1 
 
 376 
 
 693 
 
 39 
 
 236, E. 3 
 
 356 
 
 569 
 
 43 
 
 339 
 
 383, E. 2 
 
 599, E. 1 
 
 43 
 
 339 
 
 44, E. 
 
 340, E. 1 
 
 429 
 
 639 
 
 298, 2 
 
 615 
 
 435 
 
 633 
 
 356 
 
 569 
 
 426 
 
 634 
 
 49, E. , 
 
 246, E. 1 
 
 43 
 
 339 
 
 143, R.l 
 
 345, R. 1 
 
 166, E. 1 
 
 368, E. 3 
 
 186 
 
 387 
 
 94, E. 3. 
 
 293, E. 3 
 
 162, E. 1 
 
 3B5, R. 1 
 
 269 
 
 481,2 
 
 418 
 
 635 
 
 no 
 
 304, E. 2 
 
 330 
 
 543, E. 4 
 
 341 
 
 450 
 
 225 
 
 437 
 
 375, E. 1 
 
 692, E. 1 
 
 3, E. 4 
 
 195, R. 4 
 
 296, E. 3 
 
 517 
 
 109 
 
 304 
 
 182, E. 
 
 384, H. 
 
 234 
 
 446 
 
 175 
 
 379 
 
 117 
 
 317 
 
 335-8 
 
 547-551 
 
 148 
 
 350 
 
 159 
 
 863 
 
 329 
 
 441 
 
 398 
 
 515 
 
 426 
 
 634 
 
 139, E. 2 
 
 375, E. 1 
 
 39 
 
 236, E. 2 
 
 404 
 
 613 
 
 434, E. 5 
 
 645, R. 5 
 
 433, E. 3 
 
 630, E. 1 
 
 248 
 
 463.2 
 
 446, E. 
 
 657, E. 
 
 312, E. 2 
 
 527, E. 3 
 
 115, E. 
 
 315, E. 
 
 457, E. 3 
 
 663,3 
 
 See No. 105. 
 See No. 115. 
 126. The Future is used witli more exactness in Latin than 
 in Englisli. 
 
 137. Dat. and Accus. or Aoo. and Abl. 
 See No. 57. 
 
 See No. 34. 
 See No. 37. 
 See No. 136. 
 
 138. Sin minus. 
 See No. 9. 
 See No. 105. 
 
 129. Periphrastic Active. 
 
 130. Tlie Impf. Subj. is sometimes used in opposition to tlie 
 
 past. 
 See No. 129. 
 
 131. UrgSre has no Supine ; lience the Periphrasis is ne- 
 
 cessary. 
 133. Who but who is not Latin. Omit but. 
 
 133. Perijjhrastic Tense representing Future in a Subj. re. 
 
 latiou. 
 
 134. Subj. of Character. 
 See No. 105. 
 
 See No. 57. 
 See No. 7. 
 See No. 129. 
 
 135. Seficere takes the Accus. 
 
 136. Where there is no partition the Genitive must not be 
 
 used. 
 See No. 33. 
 See No. 53. 
 See No. 108. 
 
 137. IJt— ita used adversatively. 
 See No. 105. 
 
 See No. 94. 
 
 138. The sentence is final : hence nS q^nid. 
 
 139. Ne is continued by nSve (neu). 
 
 140. Supine in -ii. 
 
 141. Literally ; if merchants were 7Wt. 
 
 142. Ees is better when the gender is doubtful. 
 
 143. The conditional Imperfect Subj. attracts its dependen- 
 
 cies into the Imperfect. 
 See No. 89. 
 
 144. So Verbs of Placing with in and Abl. 
 
 145. Say not ia usnally nego. 
 
 146. Genitive of Value. 
 See No. 86. 
 
 147. Verbs of Hindering take n§ or quominns ; some the 
 
 Inf. In order that they should take quln a negative 
 
 must precede. 
 See No. S3. 
 See No. 82. 
 
 148. Separation of adverb from verb gives stress. 
 See No. 188. 
 
 See No. 57, also 0. 0. 
 See No. 95. 
 See No. 9. 
 See No. 29. 
 
 149. Quam gratissimnm facere. ^ . ^^ ^ ,. 
 
 150. Explanations of the narrator are put m the Indica-_ 
 
 tive. 
 See No. 123. , „ 
 
 151. As if a Principal Tense preceded : Eepraesenta- 
 
 153. The Eeflexive Subject is not unflpequently omitted iu 
 0.0. 
 
 153. Which of two = -ater- . 
 
 154. Nunc becomes turn in 0. 0. 
 
186 
 
 SUMMAET OF EBFEEENGES. 
 
 E. B. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 158 
 
 160 
 
 162 
 163 
 
 0. E. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 SEC. 
 
 131, R. 1 
 15 
 
 425 
 
 109 
 219, E. 2 
 
 SEC. 
 
 333, E.1 
 
 208 
 
 632 
 
 304 
 429, K. 2 
 
 108 
 203, K. 1 
 
 306 
 667. E. 1 
 
 155. Passive Verb of Teaching with Accus. of the Thing. 
 See No. 38. 
 
 156. Relative of Purpose with Subj. 
 See No. 89. 
 
 167. The Genitive of the Gerundive with esse Bignifiea 
 
 serves to, amounts to. 
 158. One of the two = alter- 
 
 See iJo. 3D. 
 
 See No. 61. 
 
[gildeeslbevb's latin GEAMMAE.J 
 
 COMPARATIVE SECTIONS OF SYNTAX. 
 
 The numbers in the first column of each division below indicate Bections in former 
 editioup of the Grammar; thoae in the second refer to corresponding sections in the 
 Revised Latin Grammar. 
 
 O.K. 
 
 N. B. 
 
 O.E. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 O.E. 
 
 N. B. 
 
 O.E. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 O.E, 
 
 N.E. 
 
 1 
 
 192-8 
 
 64 
 
 250-S 
 
 113 
 
 313 
 
 168 
 
 371 
 
 227 
 
 439 
 
 S 
 
 194 
 
 55-6 
 
 263-4 
 
 114 
 
 314 
 
 169 
 
 372 
 
 228 
 
 440 
 
 8 
 
 195 
 
 B7 
 
 265 
 
 115 
 
 316 
 
 170 
 
 373 
 
 239 
 
 441 
 
 4 
 
 196-7 
 
 68 
 
 256 
 
 116 
 
 316 
 
 171 
 
 374 
 
 230 
 
 442 
 
 5 
 
 198 
 
 59 . 
 
 257 
 
 117 
 
 317 
 
 172 
 
 375 
 
 231 
 
 444 
 
 6 
 
 199 
 
 6C 
 
 259 
 
 118 
 
 319 
 
 173 
 
 376 
 
 232 
 
 447 
 
 1 
 
 200 
 
 61 
 
 260 
 
 119 
 
 320 
 
 174 
 
 377 
 
 233 
 
 445 
 
 8 
 
 202 
 
 62 
 
 261 
 
 120 
 
 321 
 
 175 
 
 378 
 
 234 
 
 446 
 
 9 
 
 202 R.4 
 
 63 
 
 262 
 
 121 
 
 322 
 
 176 
 
 379-80 
 
 236-9 
 
 448 
 
 10 
 
 202 K.5 
 
 64 
 
 263 
 
 122 
 
 323 
 
 177-8 
 
 381 
 
 240 
 
 449 
 
 11 
 
 204 
 
 65 
 
 264 
 
 123 
 
 324 
 
 179 
 
 382 
 
 241 
 
 450 
 
 13 
 
 205 
 
 66 
 
 265 
 
 R. 1-7 
 
 E. 2-8 
 
 ISO 
 
 413 
 
 242 
 
 453 
 
 13 
 
 208 
 
 67 
 
 266 
 
 124-5 
 
 325-6 
 
 181 
 
 383 
 
 243 
 
 464 
 
 14 
 
 207 
 
 «8 
 
 267 
 
 126 
 
 327 
 
 182 
 
 384 
 
 244 
 
 456. 
 
 15 
 
 208 
 
 69 
 
 268 
 
 127 
 
 329 
 
 183 
 
 412 
 
 245 
 
 466-9 
 
 1&-17 
 
 209 
 
 70 
 
 269 
 
 128 
 
 330 
 
 184 
 
 386 
 
 246 
 
 460 
 
 18 
 
 210 
 
 71 
 
 270 
 
 129 
 
 381 
 
 185-6 
 
 386-7 
 
 247 
 
 461 
 
 19 
 
 211 
 
 72-8 
 
 271 
 
 130 
 
 S32 
 
 187 
 
 388 
 
 248 
 
 462 
 
 20 
 
 212 
 
 74 
 
 272 
 
 131 
 
 333 
 
 188 
 
 411 
 
 249 
 
 463 
 
 21 
 
 213 
 
 75 
 
 274 
 
 132 
 
 334 
 
 189 
 
 389 
 
 250 
 
 465-6 
 
 22 
 
 214 
 
 76 
 
 275 
 
 133 
 
 342 
 
 190 
 
 390 
 
 261 
 
 467-8 
 
 23 
 
 216 
 
 77 
 
 277 
 
 134 
 
 410 
 
 191 
 
 391 
 
 252 
 
 469 
 
 .24 
 
 217 
 
 78 
 
 278 
 
 135 
 
 335 
 
 192 a. 
 
 392 
 
 253 
 
 470-1 
 
 25 
 
 218 
 
 79 
 
 279 
 
 136 
 
 336 
 
 192 6 
 
 393 
 
 264 
 
 473 
 
 26 
 
 218 E.2 
 
 80 
 
 281 
 
 187 
 
 337 
 
 193 
 
 395 
 
 265 
 
 474 
 
 »r 
 
 219 
 
 81 
 
 282 
 
 138 
 
 338 
 
 194 
 
 398 
 
 256 
 
 477 
 
 28 
 
 220 
 
 82 
 
 asi K.2 
 
 139 1 
 
 140 ( 
 
 340 
 
 195 
 
 399 
 
 267 
 
 478 
 
 29 
 
 221 
 
 83 
 
 283 
 
 196-8 
 
 400-2 
 
 258 
 
 479 
 
 30 
 
 227-8 
 
 84 
 
 284 
 
 141 
 
 343 
 
 199 
 
 403 
 
 269 
 
 646 
 
 30K.2 
 
 229 
 
 85 
 
 285 
 
 142 
 
 344 
 
 ■200 
 
 404 
 
 260 
 
 480 
 
 30K.3 
 
 230 
 
 86 
 
 286 
 
 143 
 
 346 
 
 201 
 
 405 
 
 261 
 
 481 
 
 31 a 
 
 222-3 
 
 87 
 
 287 
 
 144 
 
 346 
 
 202 
 
 406-7 
 
 262 
 
 482 
 
 31 4 
 
 224 
 
 88 
 
 288 
 
 145 
 
 347 
 
 203 
 
 408-9 
 
 263 
 
 448 E.J 
 
 31 c ■ 
 
 225 
 
 89 \ 
 
 289 
 
 146 
 
 348 
 
 204 
 
 413 
 
 264 
 
 444 
 
 32-33 
 
 283 
 
 290 
 
 147 
 
 349 
 
 206 
 
 414 
 
 266-7 
 
 483 
 
 34 .j 
 35 
 
 231-2 
 
 90 
 
 291 
 
 148 
 
 350 
 
 206 
 
 415 
 
 268-9 1 
 270 i 
 
 484 
 
 216 
 
 91-3 
 
 292 
 
 149 
 
 851 
 
 207 
 
 416 
 
 
 234 
 
 94 
 
 293 
 
 150 
 
 352 
 
 208 
 
 IH 
 
 271 
 
 486 
 
 36 
 
 234 E.1 
 
 95 
 
 294 
 
 151 
 
 353 
 
 209 
 
 272 
 
 487 
 
 37 
 
 235 
 
 96 
 
 295 
 
 152 
 
 354 
 
 210 
 
 419 
 
 273 
 
 488 
 
 38-41 
 
 236 
 
 97 
 
 296 
 
 153 
 
 356 
 
 211 
 
 420 
 
 274 
 
 489 
 
 42 
 43 
 
 238 
 
 98 1 
 
 99 f 
 
 
 154 
 
 856 
 
 212 
 
 422 
 
 275 
 
 490 
 
 239 
 
 297 
 
 155 
 
 357 
 
 213 
 
 423 
 
 276 
 
 491 
 
 44] 
 45 
 
 240 
 
 100 
 
 298 
 
 1B6 
 
 359 
 
 214 
 
 424 
 
 277 
 
 492 
 
 241 
 
 101 
 
 299 
 
 157 
 
 360 
 
 215 
 
 425 
 
 278 
 
 493 
 
 242 
 
 102 
 
 300 
 
 158 
 
 361 
 
 216-7 
 
 426 
 
 279 1 
 
 280 ■ 
 
 495 
 
 46 
 
 243 
 
 103 
 
 301 
 
 159 
 
 362 
 
 218 
 
 428 
 
 
 47 
 
 244 
 
 104 
 
 302 
 
 160 
 
 363 
 
 219 
 
 429 
 
 281 
 282 
 
 496 
 
 48 
 
 245 
 
 105 
 
 303 
 
 161 
 
 364 
 
 220 
 
 430 
 
 
 49 1 
 
 
 106-7 
 
 305 
 
 162 
 
 365 
 
 221 
 
 431 
 
 263 
 
 498 
 
 50 y 
 
 246 
 
 108 
 
 306 
 
 163 
 
 366 
 
 222 
 
 432 
 
 284 
 
 499 
 
 Bl f 
 52 
 
 ( 
 
 
 109 1 
 
 110 ! 
 Ill 
 
 
 164 
 
 367 
 
 223 
 
 435 
 
 285 
 
 497 
 
 247 
 
 304 
 
 165 
 
 368 
 
 224 
 
 436 
 
 286 
 
 500 
 
 248 
 249 
 
 311 
 
 166 
 
 369 
 
 226 
 
 437 
 
 887 
 
 602 
 
 B3< 
 
 112 
 
 312 
 
 167 
 
 ■370 
 
 226 
 
 438 
 
 288 
 
 503 
 
COMPARATIVE SECTIONS OF STNTAT. 
 
 O.E. 
 
 N.B. 
 
 O.E. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 O.E. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 O.E. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 O.E. 
 
 N.B. 
 
 989 1 
 
 604 
 
 319 
 
 534 
 
 355 
 
 567 
 
 392-4 
 
 598 R. 
 
 486 
 
 634-.6 
 
 820 
 
 635 
 
 356 
 
 668-9 
 
 395 
 
 697 K.4 
 
 487 
 
 636 7 
 
 891 
 
 505 
 
 321 
 
 636 
 
 357 
 
 670 
 
 396 
 
 575 
 
 428 
 
 638 
 
 892 
 
 506 
 
 322 
 
 637 
 
 358 
 
 673 
 
 897 
 
 605 
 
 429 
 
 639 
 
 393 
 
 607-8 
 
 323-6] 
 
 639 
 
 3.W 
 
 574 
 
 898 
 
 606 
 
 430 
 
 641 
 
 894 
 
 610 
 
 540 
 
 360 
 
 675 
 
 399 
 
 607 
 
 431 
 
 648 
 
 895 
 
 511 
 
 326 
 
 641 
 
 381 
 
 676 
 
 400 
 
 608 
 
 438 
 
 644 
 
 296 
 
 518 
 
 887-9 
 
 542 
 
 .362 
 
 579 
 
 401 
 
 609 
 
 433-4 
 
 645 
 
 897 
 
 614 
 
 330 
 
 543 
 
 363 
 
 581 
 
 408 
 
 mo 
 
 4:36 
 
 646 
 
 898 
 
 514-6 
 
 331 
 
 546 
 
 364 
 
 582 
 
 403 
 
 611 
 
 436 
 
 647 
 
 299 
 
 518 
 
 833-4 
 
 545 
 
 365 
 
 683 
 
 404-5 
 
 618 
 
 437 
 
 649 
 
 300 
 
 511 
 
 335 
 
 647 
 
 366 
 
 684 
 
 406 
 
 613 
 
 4.'i8 
 
 650 
 
 SOI 1 
 302 f 
 
 512 
 
 335 R.3 
 
 552 
 
 367 
 
 685 
 
 407 
 
 614 
 
 439 
 
 651-a 
 
 336-7 
 
 550 
 
 368 
 
 686 
 
 408 
 
 616 
 
 440 
 
 663 
 
 303 
 
 518 
 
 338 
 
 649 
 
 369 
 
 587 
 
 409 
 
 416 
 
 441 
 
 654 
 
 304 
 
 513 
 
 839 
 
 544 R.2 
 
 370 
 
 588 
 
 410 
 
 617 
 
 448 
 
 665 
 
 305 
 
 619 
 
 340 
 
 553-6 
 
 371 
 
 589 
 
 411 
 
 618 
 
 413 
 
 656 
 
 3U6 
 
 680 
 
 341 
 
 557 
 
 372 
 
 590 
 
 412 
 
 619 
 
 444 
 
 657-8 
 
 307 
 
 681 
 
 342 
 
 568 
 
 373 
 
 691 
 
 413 
 
 620 
 
 445-7 
 
 659 
 
 308 
 
 682 
 
 348 
 
 656 
 
 374 
 
 694 
 
 414 
 
 621 
 
 448-51 
 
 660 
 
 309 
 
 623 
 
 344 
 
 559 
 
 375 
 
 598 
 
 415 
 
 623 
 
 458 
 
 661 
 
 310 
 
 584 
 
 345 
 
 660 
 
 376 
 
 593 
 
 416 
 
 682 
 
 458-6 
 
 662 
 
 311 
 
 685 
 
 346 
 
 554 
 
 377 
 
 505 
 
 417 
 
 684 
 
 467 
 
 663 
 
 318 a 
 
 686 
 
 347 
 
 566 E.4 
 
 378 
 
 596 
 
 418 
 
 685 
 
 468 
 
 665 
 
 312 J 
 
 587 
 
 348 
 
 638 
 
 379-80 
 
 697 
 
 419 
 
 626 
 
 459 
 
 666 
 
 313 
 
 528 
 
 349 
 
 661 
 
 381-2 
 
 698 
 
 420 
 
 687 
 
 460 
 
 667 
 
 314 
 
 629 
 
 850 1 
 351 f 
 
 608 
 
 383-S 
 
 599 
 
 421 
 
 688 
 
 461 
 
 668 
 
 315 
 
 631 
 
 387 
 
 601 
 
 428 
 
 689 
 
 462 
 
 669 
 
 316 
 
 527 E.4 
 
 368 
 
 663 
 
 388 
 
 608 
 
 483 
 
 630 
 
 463 
 
 670 
 
 817 
 
 532 
 
 363 
 
 564 
 
 389-90 
 
 604 
 
 424 
 
 631 
 
 464 
 
 671 
 
 818 
 
 633 
 
 354 
 
 665-6 
 
 391 
 
 600 
 
 425 
 
 633-3 
 
 
 
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