CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 052 051 400 THE POULTRYMAN'S FORMULARY DR. PRINCE T. WOODS MIDDLETON, MASS.,U. S. A. Table of Gontetitfe CHAPTfiRi; , BALANQEP-RATION Fb6i)S.% Whoie Grain IjOTper Mijrture's; , Exarolae ' or , S(B:atiliND TONICS. Condition Po*rders;''Bgg. t'oods; Poultry/Tonlcs and Tissue Food. i Fprmulaes 39?6a. '•' ■ Pages 17t21 ''-':' 'CHAPTER m"; ' iNiip6Ttt;jpEs.r Insect Powders; Moe 'ISaulds;; Lloe- Kljilng Nest Efegs! Scab-mite Remedy; Scaly lieg" ReiaediTi ; Pormulaes ^1-61. . : Pages 22-26 , ./ . ' "OHA^TfiK V. ROUP ieyi=lES AND OTHER REMEpiJ|S. Miscellaneous doilectiQtt of Forty-Pive ■Valua'ble H'ormulae in Alpb^-. betlcal Order, Including Roup Cures; i Canker Remedies; , Catarrh ^PoWd^rs;/ Pills; Ointments: G4pe Remedies; Cholera . Remedy, and Other /Valuable' PKesci^l^tions. Formulae 62-106* . ; :,j;; Pages 27-38 , CHAPTER VI. ; ' TREATMENT FOR POIJS&mNSf ; - Antidotes for PoisOnblg of Fowls ;.Cauaed by Arsfiniicv,' Cbitp'er, Ergot; I^ead, FHosRhorus,^ Salt) S^ong I^ye, .QUlqk-Iilme and Soda Nl- Form'ulae 107-112. ,. ^' ;. Pages 39-40 CHAPTER VU. '.-■,;' DISINFECTANTS; ,,,■ j\;^ ■■;„:, Creblln, Formaldehyde and Sulphuric Acid ttl^nfei^hi^r Kerosene Emulsion, Colored WhlteWaSU and whitewash for' Spraying. Formulae 113-121. Pag^s 41-«? ! CHAPTER Vlli. ' -: , EGG PRESERVATIVES. : Water Glass < i^ettiod; Iilme . waM^ Brliae and' Southern XJme ■' Method. ■. . . Forriralae 122-124. , Pages 44-45 ••'/'" ',V,. CHAPTER IX. M1SCEI.LANEOUS. Cement for^llb(*SJ Ourlng Clover Hay; Hen Maniire. Fertilizers; Stor- age"-of "Vegetables n>r"Wlnter Feefflng. ;' .'Sfttjntim.M»^W, -' •■•'■■ .«■-' ''.. ' : vPages 4»'48 The Poultryman's Formulary Reliable, Successful, Tested Recipes for Ready-Mixed Grain Foods How to prepare Balanced Rations for Poultry, young or old. Formulae of Useful Remedies, Condition Powders, Lice-Killing Mixtures, Roup Cuie, Egg Foods, Tonics, Whitewash for Spraying, etc. Copyright, 1906. by PRINCE T. '^OODS, M. D. Author and Publisher MIDDLETON, MASS. Fomword. THE POULTRYMAN'S FORMULARY is compiled at the request of many friends who desire to have in brief and con- venient form folr reference the best of many formulce for poul- try rations, condition powders, remedies and insecticides, which I have used from time to time during more than twenty years of practical experience with poultry. Some of the formulae found herein were original with the writer, while others have been drawn from many and varied sources. This booklet is essentially a compilation of useful information gleaned from experience and observation. Credits for matter used herein are omitted because in many cases the originator of the recipe is unknown. All the formulee given are safe, dependable, and sure to prove satisfac- tory, having withstood the practical test of general and successful use in every day poultry work for many years. PRINCE T. WOODS, M. D. Middleton, Mass., March 1, 1908. TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: The entire contents of this book are protected by author's copyright. All persons are forbidden, on penalty of the law, to reproduce, copy, make quotations from, duplicate, or make any other improper use of the contents or text of this book. Any infringement of copyright will result in imme- diate prosecution. Entered according to act of Congress, in tlie year 1908, by Prince T. Woods, M. D., in tJie oface of the Librarian of Congress, at Wasiiington. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CHAPTER I. BALANCED-RATION FOODS. In this chapter will be found formulae for balanced-ration or ready-mixed poultry foods including scratch-grain mixtures, dry mash, moist-mash mixtures, chick foods, and home-prepared meat food. All of these recipes have been carefully tested by many years practical use and are entirely reliable and depend- able. No reference is made to the chemical composition of food- stuiJs and these balanced-ration mixtures are based on practical merit, not chemical composition. Anyone desiring to figure out the precise chemical contents of foodstuffs named will find complete analyses of all the common stock feeding materials in Farmer's Bulletin, No. 22, entitled "The Feeding of Farm Ani- mals," published by U. S. Department of Agriculture. This bulletin can be obtained free on application to the Secretary of Agriculture. In selecting a food ration the poultryman should be gov- erned by the practical results obtained. Chemical analyses of food merely show the amount of water, fibre, protein, ash, fat, and non-nitrogenous matter the chemist is able to find therein. They do not indicate in any way the digestibility of the food. Some foodstuffs may be particularly rich in protein and at the same time that protein may be of little actual, practical value to the fowl because of difficulty in properly digesting it. Some foods rich in protein, notably beans and peas, also contain irri- tating or toxic elements that are actually injurious if such foods are fed continuously in considerable quantities. Heavy feeding of vegetable foods rich in protein is always much more likely to cause trouble and serious digestive disturbance than heavy feed- ing of animal protein foods like pure beef scrap, fresh meat, cut green bone, etc. In mixing grain foods, the formulae for which are given in this chapter, the whole quantity of grain to be mixed should be dumped upon a smooth clean board floor. Here it should be mixed by turning over with scoop shovels until thoroughly blended. It can then be sacked or placed in bins. As a general rule two dry grain feedings per day where regular feedings are given are sufficient. The daily allowance of dry grain per bird averages from 3 to 5 ounces per fowl, ac- cording to size and appetite. One quart of grain will weigh ap- proximately one and one-half pounds and will contain about 16 fair-sized handfuls. One handful per adult fowl is a common allowance for one feeding of whole gram. In poultry feeding- a handful of grain usually means half a gill. This quantity will weigh approximately 1.5 to 1.8 ounces. Fowls fed liberally on moist mashes will as a rule consume from 2 to 2.5 ounces per bird of dry ground grain daily in addition to the whole grain or scratch-grain fed. Exercise or scratch-grain mixtures containing whole and cracked hard grain may be fed either in litter or from a food hopper. Dry mashes should be hopper fed. Moist mashes, where used, should be fed once daily usually, not oftener than five days a week, the other feedings being of whole grain or scratch- grain mixtures. Green food should be given daily, preferably jiist before noon, as much as the fowls will clean up before the night feeding. When meat is not fed in some other way, whole- some beef scrap should be kept before the fowls all the time in a food hopper. Grit, oyster shell, charcoal and granulated or cracked bone should be kept before poultry, young and old, at all times. WHOLE GRAIN HOPPER-FED MIXTURES. Spring and Fall Mixture. 1. — ^R. Cracked Yellow Corn, 40 lbs. av. Whole Corn, 10 lbs. av. Hard Red or Amber Wheat, 30 lbs. av. Heavy Clipped White Oats, 10 lbs. av. Barley, 10 lbs. av. Oats should be heavy white oats running from 38 to 42 lbs. to the bushel. Oats may be substituted for barley or vice versa,. according to which can be purchased at lower price. Winter Mixture. 2.— E. Whole Corn, 30 lbs. av. Cracked Corn, 35 lbs. av. Wheat, 25 lbs. av. Oats, 10 lbs. av. Five pounds of either barley or buckwheat may be substi- tuted for five pounds of the oats, or both may be substituted for entire amount of oats, according to market prices and conven- ience. Summer Mixture. 3.— E. Cracked Corn, 30 lbs. av. Wheat, 40 lbs. av. Oats, 15 lbs. av. Barley, 15 lbs. av. Ten pounds of kaffir corn may be substituted for five pounds- each of oats and barley, if desired. 4 General Farm Mixture. 4.— E. Sifted Cracked Corn, 800 lbs. av. Heavy Oats (with hulls on), 600 lbs. av. Good Hard Wheat, 600 lbs. av. This formulae" makes one ton of labor or scratch food which may be fed in litter or from a food hopper. EXERCISE OR SCRATCH GRAIN FOODS. The following grain mixtures are intended to be fed as labor or exercise foods in deep clean litter, but may be fed from a food hopper when more convenient with entirely satisfactory results. Variety Grain Mixture. 5. — ^R. Cracked Corn, 40 lbs. av. Whole Wheat, 20 lbs. av. Clean Wheat Screenings, 20 lbs. av. Kaffir Corn, 8 lbs. av. Oats, 6 lbs. av. Silverskin Buckwheat, 4 lbs. av. Sunflower Seed, 1 lb. av. Golden Millet, % lb. av. Whole Flaxseed, ^4 lb. av. Hemp Seed, % lb. av. High-Protein Exercise Food. 6. — 'R. Wheat, 200 lbs. av. Heavy White Oats, 200 lbs. av. Sifted Cracked Corn (yellow preferred), 400 lbs. av. Barley, 100 lbs. av. Kaffir Corn, 60 lbs. av. Split or Broken Peas, 30 lbs. av. Hemp Seed, 4 lbs. av. Whole Flaxseed, 1 lb. av. Golden Millet, 5 lbs. av. If there is any difficulty in getting kaffir corn, substitute 30 lbs. of silverskin buckwheat and add 30 lbs. to the wheat or oats. Cracked beans are sometimes used in place of peas. DRY MASH MIXTURES. These mixtures are intended for feeding adult fowls and are fed from a, food hopper, being kept constantly before the birds. In addition to these, regular feedings of whole grain or scratch- grain mixtures are fed in litter once or twice daily. Maine Dry Mash. 7.— E. Wheat Bran, 20 lbs. av. Yellow Corn Meal, 10 lbs. av. Wheat Middlings, 10 lbs. av. Glutea Meal, 10 lbs. av. Linseed Meal, 10 lbs. av. Kne-ground Beef Scrap, 10 lbs. av. Above mixture is kept before the fowls all the time in an easy-access covered trough or hopper. In addition each 100 hens receive early in the morning 4 quarts screened cracked corn scattered in litter. \ second feeding is given at ten o'clock con- sisting of 2 quarts whole wheat and 2 quarts oats. About 5 lbs. of cut clover are fed dry daily to each 100 birds. In winter mangels or other vegetable food are supplied in moderate quan- tity, as much as the birds will clean up readily. In summer time the flocks range on grass land. Dry, cracked bone, grit, charcoal, oyster shell and pure water are kept before the birds all the time. According to bulletin published by Maine Agri- cultural Experiment Station, the average amount of materials eaten by each hen during one year were as follows : Grain and meal mixture, 90 lbs. ; oyster shell, 4 lbs. ; grit, 2 lbs. ; dry cracked bone, 2.4 lbs. ; charcoal, 2.4 lbs. ; clover, 10 lbs. Approx- imate cost of above yearly allowance for one hen, $1.45. Average egg production for one hen, one year, 144 eggs. Dry Mash. 8.— E. Wheat Bran, 400 lbs. av. Yellow Corn Meal, 300 lbs. av. Fancy Wheat Middlings, 200 lbs. av. Ground Oats, 100 lbs. av. Yellow Gluten Meal, 200 lbs. av. Pine-ground Meat or Blood ileal, 100 lbs. av. Clover ofu Alfalfa Meal, 200 lbs. av. Where you can have your own grain ground to order at the local mill it is advisable to have the entire quantity of corn and oats ground together into a coarse meal known as corn and oat chop. 6 MOIST MASHES. The following moist mashes are intended for breeding and laying stock fed either morning, noon or night at the conven- ience of the poultryman, once daily five or six days a week, the other regular feedings being of whole grain or of scratch-grain mixtures. Cooked Vegetable Mash. 9. — E. Equal parts by measure corn meal, wheat middlings, bran, ground oats, and meat scrap or meat meal. Add above mixture to one-fourth bucket of thoroughly cooked mashed vegetables, — beets, turnips, potatoes, carrots, apples, etc., and mix with suificient hot water to make one buck- etful of stiff, crumbly mash. To each bucket add one level table- spoonful of salt and one level teaspoonful of black pepper. Winter Mash. 10. — E. Ground Corn, 200 lbs. av. Gluten Meal, 200 lbs. av. Oat Middlings, 250 lbs. av. Crushed Oats, 100 lbs. av. AVheat Bran, 200 lbs. av. Wheat Middlings, 50 lbs. av. Where crushed oats and oat middlings are difBcult to obtain, use 300 lbs. ground oats to take their place, and add 50 lbs. to the wheat middlings. This mash should be mixed with scalded cut clover, 10 per cent., and good beef scrap, 6 to 8 per cent. Clover should be scalded with water lightly seasoned with salt; cold water should be added to mix mash. Stale Bread Mash. 11. — E. Stale Bread, 20 lbs. av. Corn Meal, 30 lbs. av. Wheat Middlings, 10 lbs. av. Wheat Bran, 20 lbs. av. Cut Clover or Clover Meal, 5 lbs. av. Ground Oats, 5 lbs. av. Beef Scrap, 10 lbs. av. Corn and Oat Chop Mash. 12.— R. Corn and Oat Chop, 200 lbs. av. Wheat Bran, 100 lbs. av. Beef Scrap, 10 lbs. av. Corn and oat chop is made by grinding one bushel whole yellow corn with two bushels of oats into a rather coarse meal. Above mash should be mixed with cold sldm milk. Cold water may be used where milk is not available, in which case the quantity of beef scrap should be doubled. Laying Food Mash Mixture. 13. — E. Corn Meal (white or yellow), 40 lbs. av. Fancy Wheat Middlings, 20 lbs. av. Bran, 10 lbs. av. Ground Oats, 10 lbs. av. Fine-ground Beef Scrap or Meat Meal, 10 lbs. av. Fine-cut Clover or Clover Meal, 10 lbs. av. Above mash mixture is mixed with cold water and fed as either the morning or night feed, once daily five or six days a week, giving as much as the birds will clean up in from fifteen to twenty minutes. One other grain feeding should be given daily of either whole grain, — corn, wheat, oats or buckwheat, or scratch-grain. On days on which mash is not fed scratch grain mixtures or whole grain are used in its place and cut green bone or meat scraps are fed. FOOD MIXTURES FOR SMALL CHICKENS. Chick Food, No. 1. 14. — E. Sifted Fine-cracked Yellow Corn or Corn Grits, 45 lbs. av. Cracked Hard Wheat, 20 lbs. av. Steel-cut Oats or C. Oatmeal, 20 lbs. av. Cracked Barley (hulls sifted out), 12 lbs. av. Granulated Willow Charcoal, 1 lb. av. Granulated Eaw Bone (kiln dried), 1 lb. av. Chick-size Grit, i/, lb. av. Golden Millet, Vo lb. av. Old-Fashioned Home-Ground Chick Food. 15.— E. Whole Yellow Corn, one-half. Whole Wheat, one-fourth. Hulled Oats, one-eighth. Barley (with hulls on), one-eighth. Parts given are by measure. Mix all together and grind in grain mill or large-sized cof- fee mill to suitable size for chick feeding. Sift meal out by allowing crushed grain to run over an inclined screen of wire mosquito netting. Waste meal from this mixture may be added to mashes for adult fowls or fed dry to chicks. Chick Food, No. 2. 16.— E. Corn Grits or Sifted Fine- cracked Corn, 50 lbs. av. Cracked or Steel-cut Wheat, 30 lbs. av. Cracked Barley (hulls sifted out), 10 lbs. av. Steel-cut Oats or C. Oatmeal, 8 lbs. av. Golden Millet, 1 lb. av. Granulated Eaw bone (kiln dried), 1 lb. av. Chick Food, No. 3. 17.— E. Sifted Fine Cracked Corn or Corn Grits, 25 lbs. av. Steel-cut Oats or C. Oatmeal, 15 lbs. av. Cracked Peas, 5 lbs. av. Cracked Wheat, ; 40 lbs. av. Granulated Bone (kiln dried), 1 lb. av. Fine-cracked Kaffir Corn, 10 lbs av. Cracked Buckwheat (hulls sifted out), 1 lb. av. Golden Millet, ' 2 lbs. av. Chick Grit, 1 lb. av. Chick Food, No. 4. 18. — E. Sifted Fine-cracked Corn or Corn Grits, 350 lbs. av. Cracked Kaffir Corn, 60 lbs. av. Fine-cracked Peas, 40 lbs. av. Steel-out or Cracked Wheat, 300 lbs. av. Steel-cut Oats, 100 lbs. av. Clean, Fine Wheat Screenings, 200 lbs. av. Golden Millet, 25 lbs. av. '. - Cracked Buckwheat (hulls sifted out), 25 lbs. av. Growing Food. 19.— E. Cracked Corn, 40 lbs. av. Whole Wheat, 30 lbs. av. Kaffir Corn, 10 lbs. av. Clean Wheat Screenings, 10 lbs. av. Hulled Oats, 10 lbs. av. The above is intended for food for weaned chicks to be fed in the place of chick food after they are from six to eight weeks old. Four Grain Mixture. 30.— E. Whole Corn, 50 lbs. av. Whole Wheat, 18 lbs. av. Heavy White Oats, 16 lbs. av. Heavy Barley, 16 lbs. av. Mix together and have ground to flour fineness. This grain mixture may be kept before growing chicks all the time in a food hopper. In addition they should have beef scrap, whole grain mixtures, and an abundant supply of green food. Give the regular allowance of granulated bone, charcoal, grit, oyster shell and pure water. Forcing Food Mash. 31. — E. Yellow Corn Meal, 50 lbs. av. White Wheat Middlings or Low-Grade Flour, 10 lbs. av. Meat or Blood Meal, 30 lbs. av. Bran, 10 lbs. av. Clover Meal, 10 lbs. av. To be made into a crumbly moist mash with skim milk or cold water and fed to growing chicks after six weeks old in ad- di'Uon to cracked corn, wheat and growing food. May be fed dry if desired. 10 MISCELLANEOUS FOOD MIXTURES. Moist Mash for Young and Old Stock. 23. — K. Equal parts by measure wheat bran and oat feed or ground oats. Mix with sufBcient fine-cracked corn to make the mash dry and crumbly. Add 20 per cent, beef scrap and from 40 to 50 per cent, cooked cut clover or cooked vegetables. Thor- oughly cooked fresh waste fish may be used in place of the beef scrap when obtainable. This mash is fed to laying fowls and to growing chicks over one month old. In addition to the mash, feed once daily a mixture of dry grains, three parts corn and one part of either oats, wheat or barley. English Fattening Ration. To be fed twice daily from a trpugh to birds confined in fattening coops. Makes white-fleshed poultry desired in Eng- lish market. 23. — E. For the first week give wheat bran, ground oats (coarse hulls sifted out), equal parts by measure, mixed into rather sloppy gruel with either skim milk or pure sour milk. Eor the second week give ground oats alone mixed with skim milk or sour milk. Milk used should be either always sweet or always sour. Third week to finish, add one tablespoonful of mutton fat for each bird to the ground oats and milk gruel. The fowls should be given all that they will clean up at one meal. Peed twice a day. White-Flesh Fattening Mixture for Crate Fattening. 24. — "R. Ground Oats (hulls sifted out), 10 lbs. av. Ground Buckwheat (coarse hulls sifted out), 10 lbs. av. Ground White Corn, 5 lbs. av. Mix into rather sloppy gruel with skim milk and feed from troughs two or three times daily to birds confined in fattening crates. 11 Yellow-Flesh Fattening Mixture. 25.— R. Pine Yellow Corn Meal, 10 lbs. av. Ground Oats (hulls sifted out), 5 lbs. av. Ground Buckwheat (hulls sifted out), 5 lbs. av. Cotton Seed Meal, 1 lb. av. Mix into thick, rather sloppy gruel with skim milk and feed from troughs to crate fatten. Any mash mixture or dry grain mixture combined with meat food, if fed heavily to fowls that are closely confined, will serve as a fattening food. Scrapple or Home-Made Meat Food. 26. — R. All sweet, fresh, waste meat, blood and bones may be made available for poultry food including clean feet and hooves of beef, sheep or hogs. Grind all to fineness of coarse- cracked corn in a bone cutter. Place in a large kettle, season with salt, black pepper and sage leaves, cover well with water. Boil thoroughly for five or six hours. Skim off and save excess of fat. When meat and bones have been thoroughly boiled for at least five hours, begin to stir in yellow corn meal, while boil- ing, until mixture makes a thick dough. Cook corn meal thor- oughly, stirring frequently to prevent burning. When cooked remove into stone jars or clean wooden butter tubs, and pack down well. Over the top pour a thick coat of hot melted fat which was skimmed from the boiling mixture. This home-made meat food will keep sweet several weeks if stored in a cool, dry place, even in summer weather. Peed all the fowls will clean up quickly at one meal four times a week. This is a first class sub^ stitute for beef scrap. 12 CHAPTER II. DUCK RATIONS. On many duck ranches the ducks are fed exclusively on moist mash food, on others on a combination of moist mash and dry grains. In this chapter are given the most satisfactory rations for young and old ducks. New Jersey Duck Mash. 27.— K. Wheat Bran, 200 lbs. av. Corn Meal, 100 lbs. av. Ground Oats, 100 lbs. av. Low Grade Flour, 75 lbs. av. Beef Scrap, 75 lbs. av. With every five pails of this mixture are used two pails of dry cut clover (loosely packed in pail). The clover is scalded and lightly salted before mixing with the grain. The grain mix- ture is added to the wet clover in the warm clover tea from scalding and mixed into a stiff, crumbly mash. Mash is fed. a oithcr end of the food Liu ugh . Fine gril and fme crushed ujib ter ft c i thfr pnd n f t hr fnnr i trmi;;h Pine grit and fine crushed oyster shell are kept before the ducks all the time. Summer Ration for Breeding Ducks. 28. — E. Heavy Wheat Bran, 3 pecks. Low Grade Flour, 1 peck. Corn Meal, 1 peck. Best Beef Scrap, 3 lbs. av. Pine Grit or Sand, 1 lb. av. Mix with cold water. Peed twice daily. This ration is for ducks kept on wide green rangfe or pasture in su mm er season and intended for breeding stock. 13 Laying Ration for Breeding Ducks. 29.— E. Wheat Bran, 1 bushel. Corn Meal, 1 bushel. Beef Scrap, 10 lbs. av. Low Grade Flour, 1% pecks. Boiled Vegetables, turnips, beets, or potatoes, 1 peck. Scalded Cut Clover or Clover Eovcen, Green Rye or Cabbage, 1% pecks. Grit or Sand, 3 pounds av. Above mash should be mixed with cold water and fed night and morning. At noon give light feeding of cracked corn and whole oats. Keep fine grit, fine ground oyster shell and pure water always before the birds. Ration for Breeding and Laying Ducks. 30. — R. Corn Meal, Shorts or Mixed Feed, equal parts. Best Beef Scrap, 10 per cent. Add a little clean sharp sand. To above mixture is added in season fresh, finely-cut green food or cured green food in the proportion of four buckets of green stuff to each fourteen buckets of grain. The whole is mixed dry and then made into a crumbly mash with cold water. Sufficient low grade flour should be added to just stick the mash together, so that it will cling in shape when made into a ball with the hands. Peed this mash morning and night, all they will clean up in fifteen to twenty minutes. At noon give a light feeding of whole corn. Ration for Ducklings Under Two Weeks. 31. — E. Give a mash of equal parts by measure corn meal and shorts, with a little sharp sand. Feed five times a, day. Give no scrap or green food until two weeks old. Shorts is a term for a by-product of wheat commonly called in some localities mixed feed, being a mixture of bran, re-ground bran and mid- dlings, in presumably equal parts. Ration for Ducklings Two Weeks to Eight Weeks Old. 32. — ^R. Equal parts by measure corn meal and shorts, with 10 per cent, best beef scrap and a little clean, sharp sand. Add, according to season and supply, 10 to 15 per cent, fresh, finely- cut green clover or rye, or scalded fine-cut clover (cured). Feed four times a day until five weeks old, then three times a day until eight weeks old. 14 Finishing-Off Mash for Market Ducklings. Two weeks before the birds are killed feed the following ration, omitting all green food. 33.— E. Corn Meal, 2 bushels. Ground Oats, 1 bushel. Beef Scraps, 15 pounds av. Low Grade Flour, 2 pecks. Mix with cold water. Feed three times daily. Ducklings Under Four Days Old. 34.— E. Wheat Bran, 1 bushel. Corn Meal, 1 peck. Low Grade Flour, ' 1 peck. Fine Grit, 2 pounds av. Mix into crumbly mash with cold water and feed four times a day all they will clean up in twenty minutes. Ducklings Four Days to Four Weeks Old. 35. — K. Wheat Bran, 1 bushel. Corn Meal, 1 peck. Low Grade Flour, 1 peck. Fine-ground Beef Scrap, 3 pounds av. Fine Grit, 1% pounds av. Beef scrap should be scalded before mixing with grain. Mix mash with cold water. Feed four times a day all they will clean up. Give cut green clover, fresh cut rye, or cabbage freely. Ducklings Four to Six Weeks Old. 36. — H. Wheat Bran, 3 pecks. Corn Meal, 1 peck. Low Grade Flonr, 1 peck. Fine Grit, 1 pound av. Fine-ground Oyster Shells, % pound av. Scalded Beef Scrap, 3 pounds av. Mix in 10 per cent, fine cut, fresh green food. Mix mash with cold water ; feed four times a day all they will clean up. 15 Ducklings Six to Eight Weeks Old. 37.— R. Wheat Bran, 1 bushel. Corn Meal, 1 bushel. Low Grade Flour, 10 quarts. Beef Scrap, 12 pounds av. Pine-out Fresh Green Food, 1 peck. Grit, 3 pounds av. Mix into crumbly mash with cold water. Feed all they will clean up three times a day. Keep oyster shell before them. Ducklings Eight to Eleven Weeks Old. 38. — E. Corn Meal, 1 bushel. Wheat Bran, 2 pecks. Low Grade Flour, 2 pecks. Beef Scrap, 10 pounds av. Grit, 2 pounds av. Mix into crumbly mash with cold water. Keep oyster shell always before the birds. Feed green food with the mash at first, then less freely until within ten days to two weeks of mar- ket time. Then omit green food altogether. le CHAPTER in. CONDITION POWDERS AND TONICS. The formulae of condition powders and tonics found in this chapter have been selected from a large collection of recipes for preparations of this sort, and are considered the best of their kind. As a rule I do not recommend the use of tonics or con- dition powders for healthy fowls, but many practical poultrymen disagree with me on this subject, and like to feed condimental foods or stimulating tonics to their birds, believing that by so doing they are able to keep them in better condition and get bet- ter results. Most of the so-called condition powders, egg maimers, tonics and the like, can be cheaply prepared by the poultryman at a great saving over the cost of the commercial article, with the further advantage that you know of just what materials they are made up. Condition Powder, No. 1. 39. — E. Capsicum (pure red pepper), 1 lb. av. Sodium Chloride (table salt), 2 lbs. av. Iron Sulphate (copperas, powdered fresh), 2 lbs. av. Sodium Bicarbonate (baking soda), 2 lbs. av. Mustard (fine ground), 2 lbs. av. Magnesium Oxide (magnesia), 2 lbs. av. Sulphur (pure flowers of sulphur), 2 lbs. av. Calcium Carbonate (powdered chalk), 5 lbs. av. Oyster Shell (fine ground powder), 5 lbs. av. Eaw Bone (kiln-dried, fine ground), 5 lbs. av. Charcoal (pure willow, fine-ground), 2 lbs. av. Fine White Sand (silica), 10 lbs. av. Blood Meal (kiln-dried), 20 lbs. av. Fenugreek, 20 lbs. av. Oil C^ike (fine ground old process linseed meal, 20 lbs. av. All of above ingredients should be reduced to a fine powder or meal and thoroughly mixed. Some of the ingredients, as will be noted, can be bought more cheaply from a feed dealer or from a grocery, while the balance should be obtained from your drug- gist. This powder is recommended for improving the condition of the stock, growing lustrous plumage and increasing the eg'g production. Directions: — Mix one heaping tablespoonful of above powder with sufficient mash food for 20 hens, or with about two quarts of a dry ground grain mixture intended for making the mash. Add cooked vegetables or scalded cut clover to mash to give bulk. 17 Condition Powder, No. 2, or Egg Food. 40. — R. Potassium Nitrate (saltpetre), 12 ounces av. Iron Sulphate (copperas powdered fresh), 20 ounces av. Table Salt (sodium chloride), 13 ounces av. Powdered Charcoal, 10 ounces av. Plowers of Sulphur, 18 ounces av. Pulverized Oil Cake (old process linseed meal), 30 ounces av. Fenugreek, 28 ounces av. Blood Meal (kiln-dried), 70 ounces av. Reduce each of above ingredients to a powder and then thoroughly mix all together. DiBEOllONS : — ^Mix one heaping tablespoonf ul with sufficient mash food for 20 hens, or the same quantity may be mixed with about two quarts of dry ground grain intended for making the mash. Condition Powder, No. 3. 41. — K. Fine-ground Eaw Bone (kiln-dried), 50 lbs. av. Powdered Fenugreek, 10 lbs. av. Pulverized Oyster Shell, 10 lbs. av. Powdered Calcium Phosphate, 10 lbs. av. Black Pepper, 10 lbs. av. Powdered Gentian, 8 lbs. av. Venetian Red (red iron oxide), 2 lbs. av. Reduce all to powder and thoroughly mix. DiEECTlONS. — Use one heaping teaspoonful to each quart of moist mash. Condition Powder, No. 4. 42. — R. Pulverized Oyster Shell, Capsicum (powdered red pepper) Powdered Ginger, Iron Sulphate, Flowers of Sulphur, Powdered Gentian, Reduce all to powder and thoroughly mix. DiBBCTiONS : — ^Use one rounded tablespoonf ul with sufficient mash food for 20 hens, or use the same quantity in two quarts of dry ground grain intended for mixing moist mash. 18 58 ounces av. , 2 ounces av. 10 ounces av. 6 ounces av. 4 ounces av. 20 ounces av. Condition Powder, No. 5. 43. — H. Sodium Sulphate, 30 ounces av. Sulphur, 14 ounces av. Powdered Fenugreek, 10 ounces av. Powdered Gentian, 9 ounces av. Powdered Ginger, 9 ounces av. Powdered Black Antimony, 8 ounces av. Pine-ground Eaw Bone Meal (kiln dried), 10 ounces av. Blood Meal (kiln-dried), 10 ounces av. Eeduce all to fine powder and thoroughly mix . DiEECTlONS : — One teaspoonful to each quart of mash food. Condition Powder, No. 6. 44. — E. Powdered Gentian Eoot, 5 ounces av. Powdered Calamus Eoot (sweet flag), 5 ounces av. Powdered Buckbean Leaves (meny- anthes), 3 ounces av. Powdered Sabbatia (herb), 6 ounces av. Powdered Poke Berries (Phytolacca decandra), 8 ounces av. Powdered Juniper Berries, 8 ounces av. Powdered Leaves of Bitter Orange, 5 ounces av. Powdered Wormwood (herb), 5 ounces av. Powdered Cinnamon, 3 ounces av. Powdered Ginger, 3 ounces av. Powdered Mustard Seed, 1 ounce av. All ol above can be purchased of a wholesale druggist, should be fine powdered and thoroughly mixed. DiBECTiONS. — Use one teaspoonful to two quarts of dry ground grain used for mixing the mash, and add one roimded teaspoonful of table salt. This powder is claimed to be very beneficial for breeding stock and laying hens. Corrects tendency to internal fat. Valuable for molting fowls. See formula E. No. 50. Condition Powder, No. 7. 45. — E. Powdered Fenugreek, 8 ounces av. Potassium Nitrate, ' 4 ounces av. Powdered Gentian, 1 pound av. Powdered Ginger, 4 ounces av. Flowers of Sulphur, 3 ounces av. Sulphate of Iron, 3 ounces av. Black Antimony, 2 ounces av. Flaxseed Meal, 8 ounces av. Eeduce all to fine powder and thoroughly mix. Use one tea- spoonful to a quart of mash food for adult fowls. 19 Egg Food or Forcer. 4?. — E. Calcium Phosphate, 12 ounces av. Sodium Chloride (table salt), 8 ounces av. Calcium Carbonate, 6 ounces av. Powdered Ginger, 4 ounces av. Flowers of Sulphur, 2 ounces av. Potassium Nitrate, 1 ounce av. Powdered Cantharides, 1 dram av. Reduce all to fine powder and thoroughly mix. Use one tea- spoonful in one quart of mash food for laying fowls. English Poultry Tonic. 47. — E. Sugar, 1 pound av. Sulphate of Iron, 2 drams av. Sulphate of Magnesia (Epsom Salts), 2 ounces av. Sulphate of Sodium (Glauber's salts) , 4 ounces av. Chloride of Sodium (table salt), % ounce av.. Water sufficient to make one quart. The sugar should first be placed in a pan and boiled and burnt until it makes a thick dark brown syrup. The other in- gredients in finely powdered form should be dissolved in water and added to burnt sugar syrup. One tablespoonful of above tonic may be added to each quart of drinking water to build up debilitated fowls and stimulate egg production. Home Iron Tonic. 48. — R. Compound Tincture Gentian, 2 teaspoonfnls. Tincture Iron Chloride, 3 teaspoonfuls. Lime Water, 4 tablespoonfuls. Eggs, 2. Cod Liver Oil, 1 gill. Mix, place in bottle and shake thoroughly. As a tonic and conditioner for show birds or laying stock that are out of con- dition add two tablespoonfuls of above tonic to one quart of moist mash food. For individual treatment an adult bird may be given one teaspoonful twice daily. 30 Tonic for Show Birds. 49. — E. Hensel's Physiological Tonicum. An iron preparation obtainable at any reliable Homoeopath- ic Pharmacy. It is an exceptionally fine iron tonic for debili- tated show birds to put them in good show condition. This remedy is expensive and is only recommended for valuable show birds. It is particularly useful where the bird's comb turns dark and specimen loses appetite; is dumpish, and generally out of condition. Use one teaspoonful in one gallon of drinking water, allowing birds no other drink. In severe cases use only one-half gallon of water to one teaspoonful of tonic. Tonic Powder or Tissue Food. 50 — .E. Bone Meal (kiln-dried), 5 pounds av. Pulverized Oyster Shell (calcium carbonate), 1 pound av. Potassium bulphate, 1 pound av. Sodium Chloride (table salt), 2 pounds av. Sodium Phosphate, 4 ounces av. Sodium Acetate, 4 ounces av. Sodium Sulphate (Glauber's salts), 4 ounces av. Calcium Fluoride, 1 ounce av. Magnesium Phosphate, 10 ounces av. Ferric Trioxide (red oxide of iron), 10 ounces av. Ammonium Sulphate, 14 ounces av. Manganese Dioxide (black oxide of manganese), 44 ounce av. Silicic Acid, % ounce av. Reduce all to powder and thoroughly mix. One pound of above mixture may be added to 100 lbs. of dry-ground-grain, mash-mixture, to be used as moist or dry mash. For laying fowls, it is considered beneficial to also add one-half pound of condition powder No. 6 (R. No. 44), to the same quantity of dry ground grain.' For chicks two to six months old, use one half of above quantities per hundred pounds of grain. Particularly useful where fowls are kept in rather close confinement on so-called "intensive plan" of poultry culture. Prevents leg weakfiess in young or old stock, growing light and debility. Useful during _ molt to insure quick growth of plumage and to build up and strengthen fowls body. Considered one of the best general con- ditioners when used with Condition Powder No. 6. 21 CHAPTER IV. INSECTICIDES. In this chapter will be found reliable formulae for lice and mite killing mixtures in both . powder and liquid form. While the several formulae which follow give entire satisfaction to those who use them, I wish to state emphatically that there is only one best insect powder for use on fowls and chicks. It costs a little more than some of the mixtures, the formulae for which appear below, but it is by far the most satisfactory insect powder I have ever used. This powder is simply the pure fresh- ground flowers of Persian Pellitory or Pyrethrum, which is sold under the name Persian insect or Dalmation powder. It should be made of the partly-opened flower heads, fresh ground. If old or adulterated it will not prove efllective. If pure and fresh it is the most reliable insecticide the poultryman can obtain. The pure powder should be thoroughly dusted into the fowl's plumage clear down to the skin. It will not injure newly hatched chicks or poultry of any age, and may be used freely. Thoroughly ap- plied the results will prove effective and lasting, the fowls re- maining practically free from lice for a period of three months or more, as I have proved many times by actual test, except in the very warmest summer weather when lice apparently breed with remarkable rapidity. Even during this hot season two thorough dustings with pure Pryethrum powder, ten days apart, will insure practical freedom from lice throughout the summer months, if applied early in June. Its usual cost is about 30 cents per pound for the pure, fresh article, but can be bought cheaper in 5, 10 or 35 pound lots. Pure, fresh-ground Persian insect flowers or Pyrethrum powder can be obtained through the Eastern Drug Co., Boston, Mass., who are importers of the genuine flowers. Much of the so-called Dalmation insect powder that is on the market is adulterated with flour, chalk,, dust or other material to give bulk. Insect Powder, No. 1. 51. — E. Tobacco Dust, 8 ounces av. Pulverized Naphtalene (tar camphor), 1 ounce av. Dalmation Insect Powder, 5 ounces av. Sulphur, 4 ounces av. Powdered Chalk or Marble Dust sufficient to make 2 pounds av. All should be reduced to fine powder and thoroughly mixed. The last ingredient is used only to increase the bulk and give weight to the mixture. It may be applied in the same manner as any lice powder. Tobacco dust can usually be purchased in quantity through supply houses or from any dealer in tobacco products. 22 Insect Powder, No. 2. 53.— E. Tobacco Dust, 40 lbs. av. Chalk or Marble Dust, 5 lbs. av. Powdered Napbtalene, 5 lbs. av. Each ingredient should be reduced to a fine powder. The powdered chalk and pulverized naphtalene flakes should be well rubbed together and afterwards thoroughly mixed with the to- bacco dust. This is used as a lice or dusting powder for young and old fowls. Insect Powder, No. 3. 53. — E. To a peck of freshly air-slaked lime add half an ounce of 90 per cent, carbolic acid mixed with one pint of water anil stir thoroughly. Let stand in a covered box for two or three days. Eeduce to a fine powder. To this fine powdered carbolized lime add an equal qxiantity by bulk of fine tobacco dust and thorough- ly mix. To 16 ounces of this may be added 4 ounces of flowers of sulphur if desired. Use the same as any lice powder. Insect Powder, No. 4. 54. — E. To half a peck of finely pulverized coal ashes add 8 fluid ounces (one half pint), of Lice Liquid No. 1 (K. No. 56). Stir well and let stand in covered box for two or three days. Wien dry add half a peck of flne tobacco dust and thoroughly mix. This makes an effective dusting powder. Tobacco dust usually costs from 2% to 5 cents a pound. It shoiild be borne in mind that to be effective any insect powder must be thoroughly applied, worked well into the fowls feathers down to the skin. Insect Powder, No. 5. 55. — Ei Persian Pellitory (pure Pyrethrum , powder) , 25 lbs. av. Tobacco Dust (pure fine-ground), 60 lbs. av. Naphtalene (flne powder sifted), 10 lbs. av. Marble Dust or Powdered Chalk, 5 lbs. av. Eeduce to a flne powder and thoroughly mix. Use as a dust- ing powder, working it well into the feathers down to the skin. Use every five or six weeks as a preventive. Caution. — This powder is strong and when young chicks are treated they shoul