a*«. *''85^i »«»*. ' ii»^.; 'M^yrn^ *.i*' I.sSfii *^-^-»^ -^^^'ixfc -rr*k s.-..^:::*^- Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924007493657 Cornell University Library JX 1706.A7U58 Consular service.Message from the Presid 3 1924 007 493 657 iSTrf OoNaRESS, \ HOUSE OF EBPEESENTATIVES. < Ex. Doc. Is* Session. I ( No. 121. OOIi^SULAE SERVICE. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, TRANSMITTING A communication from the Secretary of State in relation to the consular service. Karch 20, 1884. — Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed. To the Souse of Representatives : In accordance with the provisions of the act making appropriations for the diplomatic and consular service for the year ending June 30, 1883, I transmit herewith a communication from the Secretary of State in relation to the consular service. CHESTER A. ARTHUR. Executive Mansion, Washington, March 20, 1884. Department of State, ~ Washington, March 20, 1884. To the President: The Secretary of State has the honor to transmit herewith a report prepared in this Department, by his direction, upon a proposed reor- ganization of the consular service of ^he United States. The act making appropriations for the diplomatic and consular service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1883, directed the Secretary of State to furnish an estimate of the entire amount required for the support of the consular service, such estimate to include all of the several grades of officers, with the salaries proposed for each. This estimate is con- tained in the report herewith transmitted and the several accompani- ments attached thereto. It will be seen that it is now proposed, in accordance with the sugges- tion of the act, to give a salary to every consular officer except those whose positions are purely honorary, and that all fees, those known as unofficial, as well as official, collected by either salaried or honorary consular officers, are to be accounted for to the Treasury. 2 CONSULAR SERVICE. So radical a change requires considerable legislation. A draft of an act is therefore herewith submitted. The most notable changes proposed are those which look to the pay- ment of salaries to all consular oflScers (save honorary vice-consuls) j the surrender to the Treasury of all fees received; the abolition of the grade of consular agent, substituting therefor that of vice-consul, with powers similar to but somewhat more extended than those now vested in consular agents ; the provision, in some instances, for salaried vice- consular officers to reside at the post of the principal, with authority to act during the presence as well as the absence of such principal ; the abrogation of the law which compels the principal officer to surrender one-half of his salary when absent from his post by authority of the President, and the very considerable increase and extension of our con- sular service in Central America and Africa, The details of all of these proposed changes will be found in the accompanying report and the other papers herewith submitted. In many respects the recommendations made are tentative; possibly some of the alterations may be temporarily postponed, and all should be considered as subject to such change in detail as time may prove advisable. The salaries fixed for existing posts have been largely based upon the estimated present compensation of the officers. Where sub- stantial change is recommended it will be found explained in the text. It is impossible in advance to fix with any degree of certainty the com- pensation of minor offices which now return small fees to the Treasury, An officer accepting a small compensation for each specific act, such as certifying an invoice, may be unwilling to accept a small salary upon the engagement to attend to all official business of every kind regard- less of amount wUich may be presented during the year. The consular agencies are chiefly of value as part of the system for the protection of the revenue and the convenience of shippers, and what pay should be given them is a matter of much doubt and difficulty. Undoubtedly the recommendations in this regard will be modified by experience. In connection with this subject it is suggested that Congress may think best to avail itself of this opportunity to create a commission to investigate the entire subject, and to submit recommendations for the simplification and improvement of the consular system, as no thorough remodeling has been made since the act of 1856; and while the person- nel of the service is satisfactory and as high in character and ability as that of any other country, the officers, both in this Department and abroad, are much hampered in the performance of their duties by con- flicting or insufficient legislation. Eespectfully submitted. FEED'K T. FEELINGHUYSEN^. KEPOET. The actmaking appropriations for the consular and diplomatic service for the fiscal year 1882-'83 contained the following provision : And hereafter the Secretary of State shall, in the estimates for the annaal expendi- tures of the expenses of diplomatic aud consular service estimate for the entire amount required for its support, including all commercial agents and other oifioers, whether paid by fees or otherwise, specifying the compensation to be allowed or deemed ad- visable in each individual Case. An immediate effort was made to comply with the wish of Congress as expressed in this act, but owing to the limited time and to the difft- culty of providing for the reorganization of a force of offlcials, many of whom are now compensated entirely by fees collected for official services rendered under the laws and the Consular Eegulations (as approved by the President), it was found thatno report could be made which would be in keeping with the magnitude of the subject until too late in the succeed- ing session (which adjourned in March, 1883) to be of practical benefit, and the tentative one prepared was considered too crude to be submitted as a basis for legislative action. Much to the regret of the Department, therefore, it was unable to comply with the wishes of Congress as soon as desired, but the delay thus occasioned has given an opportunity to devote to the subject attention more nearly cemmensurate with its im- portance than could have been given in the short time elapsing between the adjournment of the first session and the meeting of the second ses- sion of the Forty-seventh Congress. STATUTES. The consular service of the United States may be said to have had its origin in the act of August 18, 1856, but previous to that time various acts relating to the duties of consuls were adopted aud became laws. The first is that of July 31, 1789 (1 Stat., 29); next that of August, 4, 1790 (1 Stat., 145) ; then that of March 2, 1799 (1 Stat., 627) ; next that of April, 18, 1818 (3 Stat., 433) ; and next the act of March 1, 1823 (3 Stat., 729), followed by the general law of August 18, 1856, above referred to, which, for the first time, gave a well-defined consular service. Since 1856 there have been several enactments which have had special application to consular duties and powers, but the system has remained substantially the same as that fixed by the law of 1856. CONSULAE SERVICE. The consular corps of the United States is now divided by law into the following classes of officers: Consuls-general, who invariably receive salary; Consuls of two classes: those who are salaried and those who are not; Commercial agents, some few of whom receive salaries; Consular agents who are, without exception, compensated by fees; Vice-consuls, whose only compensation as such is their share of the 3 4 CONSULAR SERVICE. consul's salary during bis absence, at which period alone they are em- powered to act; and Deputy consuls, for whom as such no compensation is allowed. It should be said, however, that the vice and deputy consuls some- times hold clerkships in the consulates, and that their pay as clerk is the compensation upon which they largely depend for support. In addition to these officers there are in the service thirteen consular clerks, whose appointment is provided for by section 1704 of the Eevised Statutes, and who are compensated at a rate not exceeding $1,000 per annum up to a service of five years, after which they receive $1,-00 per annum. These clerks are assigned, from time to time, to such consulates as may be directed by the Secretary of State. The consular clerks, however, should not be confounded with clerks em- ployed by different consuls under specific provisions for clerk-hire, the latter beiug in no sense connected with the consular service of the ITuited States, but being simply clerks to consuls, their employment and position arising from their personal relations to the individual who happens to be consul at the post at which they are employed. COMPENSATION OP CONSULAK OFFICERS. An examination of the Statutes and the register of the Department will show that very many consular ofl&cers are compensated, either en- tirely or in a large part, by fees received for services performed. The fees collectible by consuls are divided into two classes : official fees and unoflflcial fees. Official fees are those prescribed as such by the President, and when received by salaried consuls are returnable to the United States. Such fees, however, when received by consuls or commercial agents not salaried, may be retained by them up to the sum of $2,500, and when the fees exceed that amount the Secretarj"^ of State is authorized to make a 'further allowance from them for the payment of clerk hire, and an allowance for rent, not exceeding $500 per annum. Unofficial fees, speaking generally, are those not so prescribed by the President, and are retained by the officer who receives them as his per- sonal perquisite. Such, for example, are the fees for taking acknowl- edgments of deeds, the certification of various papers used in litigation in the different States, &c. Consular agents who are officers subordinate to a consul-general or consul, performing their duties at some place other than the residence of their immediate superiors, are allowed by law to retain a certain share of the official fees received by them, and another portion may be retained by the immediate superior, the balance going into the Treasury. Consular officers are therefore compensated as follows (and for this purpose, here and elsewhere in this report, commercial agents are to be understood as included in the term consul, as the difference is practi- cally one of title only) : Salaried consuls receive, first, the salary ; secondly, the unofficial fees collected at their posts ; and thirdly, the statutory allowance of the official fees received by such consular agents as are in their respective jurisdictions. I Consuls not salaried retain, first, the unofficial fees received at their posts ; secondly, the official fees received, up to $2,500 as a maximum, including their legal proportion of the official fees received by their subordinate consular agents, which in no case can exceed $1,000 in the aggregate. The unsalaried consul may also be allowed a sum to be fixed by the CONSULAR SEEVICE. 5 Secretary of State for clerk hire, and a sum to be fixed by that officer, and not exceeding $500 per annum for ofiQce rent, provided the gross receipt of official fees at his post exceeds $2,500, the allowance to be availed of only to the extent of the fees received ; that is, the official fees received at his post must pay the consul his compensation, his rent, and clerk hire. Consular agents retain such unofficial fees as may come to them, to- gether with a share of the official fees to a maximum limited by statute. Vice-consuls, who are officers authorized to act at the place of resi- dence of the consul, and then only in his absence, are entitled to receive a portion of the consul's salary during his absence by permission of the Department. A deputy consular officer is authorized to act at the place of resi- dence of his principal and during his presence there, but there is no provision of law or regulation for the compensation of such officer. It will thus be seen in estimating the salary necessary to support a consular officer, regard being had to what he is now receiving as a proper basis of compensation, that the present salary should not be con- sidered alone, but allowance should also be made for the average re- ceipts of the unofficial fees and the legal share of the returns from consular agencies. A change, therefore, of the entire force to a salaried basis involves a complete reorganization of the service. With a view to the better accomplishment of this object, it was de- cided to obtain the opinions of many of the consular officers on the needs of the service in the countries to which they are assigned, and these officers were requested to report frankly on the subject. This they have done, and their views have been largely availed of in this report, many of their recommendations which met with the approval of the Depart- ment having been adopted. DITTIES OP THE CONSULAB OPPICEES. The duties of the consular service are manifold, and the importance of a post is not necessarily measured by the amount of fees received there, or the amount of export business there transacted. At some posts consuls are principally occupied in certifying invoices, when the fee returns will be latger in proportion than the responsibilities of the office. At others, where the fee return is small, the duty may be the delicate and important one of relieving and protecting seamen, or the care of American residents and travelers; while at others the labors are -largely diplomatic or political, and at some trained lawyers are required, fitted to adjudge the financial interests of their countrymen and to try them when accused of crimes, in some instances involving the extreme penalties of the law. The fee returns cannot therefore be taken as a trustworthy guide in determining the importance of a consulate. The duties to be performed and the responsibilities to be assumed, the cli- mate and surroundings of the post, and its distance from the United States, the expense of the journey and of residence should all be con- sidered before reaching a decision. Further, under the fee system the Government is able, at a moderate remuneration retained from the fees and dependent upon them, to avail itself of the services of foreigners (who, under existing statutes, without special permission, cannot be paid a salary) at posts where the returns are too small to justify the Department in sending out an officer from the United States. This is true of some consuls, of many vice and deputy consuls, and of most con- sular agents. b CONSULAR SERVICE. QUESTIONS TO BE CONSIDERED IN A REORGANIZATION OP THE SERVICE. The changes involved are therefore greater than at first appear. The reduction or increase of salaries must be considered, and the creation of independent offices in place of some of the present dependent con- sular agencies. The adjustment of compensation for all officers on the basis of the importance of the office, for the adequate representation of American interests, rather than with reference to the mere amount of fees collected, will also require attention. Moreover, existing statutory provisions, such as the prohibition of salaries to aliens and the restric- tions touching the conduct of private business by consular officers, are questions to be considered. Under any circumstances such a readjust- ment, if adopted by Congress, should be open to such changes in detail as experience may hereafter show to be necessary. The questions therefore which arise for consideration are : (1.) The necessity for, and the importance of, the present consular offices. (2.) The advisability of abolishing any existing offices or establishing new ones. (3.) The advisability of changing the grade of any existing consular offices. (4.) The amount of salary each officer should be allowed, substituting a salary in every case where the officer is now compensated by fees. (5.). The necessity for clerical assistance and the amount of allowance for the same. The answers to these questions, given by the cotisuls consulted, will be found embodied hereafter in the detailed consideration of the con- sular force in the different countries. STATUTORY PROVISIONS NEEDING MODIFICATION — SUGGESTIONS FOR REORGANIZATION. The consular system of the .United States has not changed materially in the last thirty years. Other countries commenced as we did by ap- pointing merchants as consuls, generally leaving the nomination to the most prominent and reputable merchants of the place where the office was to be established, who selected from their colleagues the one with the greatest experience and highest standing to look after their inter- ests with the local authorities. When this system was abandoned, as it has been to a large extent by all countries and entirely by many, and paid consuls were appointed, these were named and selected by the Governments which appointed them, and from this to a permanent serv- ice was but a short step. In most foreign countries young men are educated for the consular service, and in some Grovernments serve a time in the foreign office before their first appointment. They are then ap- pointed to subordinate positions, which they accept at small compensa- tion because of the certainty of advancement conditioned only upon good behavior and competency. There is economy in this system, and it is believed it tends to secure more efficient service. One of our most prominent consular officers who has had large ex- perience in the service as a consul in the East, where the duties are of a particularly difficult and delicate character, says on this point: The service should be made a permanent career, lite that of the Army and Nary. Until this is established by law, we cannot hope to create a service comparable to those of Governments who have men educated for the consular career and -who are sure not only of retention in office but of promotion. The adoption of this principle will insure not only eficiency but economy. CONSULAR SERVICE, 7 This lack of permanency in the career makes it necessary to provide larger salaries than would otherwise be required at posts which are not agreeable places of residence, in order to secure the services of com- petent ofBicers. Some of the most disagreeable towns in which to re- side are places where the services of a discreet and eflcient consul are most necessary. An of&cer going to such a post with no certainty of advancement in the future to something better requires as an induce- ment a salary which shall be reasonably commensurate with his ex- penses and discomforts : whereas were he assured of permanency in his career, these discomforts would be willingly borne as incidents to a serAice which holds out to him the hope of promotion and transfer to more agreeable surroundings. On the other hand, the more attractive posts are eagerly sought, and, unfortunately, as a rule, under the present system, are comparatively better compensated. So long, therefore, as the service continues upon the existing theory, the salaries of uncomfortable and disagreeable posts should be very considerably increased, while those of the more attrac- tive places need not be materially varied, although even they are not now considered to be sufftcient as a rule to cover the necessary outlay of the incumbent. A consul who was an officer in the Department of State before being transferred to the foreign service says, among other things : Another special reason in favor of long tenure is, that 'without it our consuls are always at a disadvantage as to general and social position and influence, as compared ■with consuls of the leading nations. Consuls of the United States ought to he ahle to feel that they may ohtain as large and secure influence as those of Great Britain and other countries do, and this is impossible as a rule without long tenure. To this may be added that the duties of a consul are varied and often very complicated and delicate, and nothing save long experience and careful study will enable the officer to properly and successfully discharge the important trusts committed to his care. COMPENSATION BY PEES. In the opinion of the Department, the present system of compensa- tion by fees, either official or unofficial, should be abolished ; whatever money comes into the consul's hands should be turned into the Treasury of the United States, and he should depend for his support entirely upon the salary allowed by Congress. , A consular officer of high grade and much experience in Germany and Eussia, in alluding to this branch of the subject, says : I think that all consuls should receive a liberal provision and should be forbidden to increase their income by notarial work or perquisites of any kind. Every fee col- lected by a consul should be credited to the Government. A consul of some twenty years' experience in Europe recommends a liberal but exactly defined salary, and the entire- abolition of unofficial fees ; every fee to be official and returned to the Treasury. In considering the consular force in each country hereafter, details as to the service affecting the particular posts will be discussed ; but it is difficult to outline the plan for reorganization without knowing what the desire of Congress is as to the general method to be pursued. If all consular officers are to be salaried, the provisions of law which prevent a foreigner from receiving a salary should be modified, or else the specific appropriation for i>aying them, now fixed at $10,000, should be very largely increased. 8" CONSULAR SERVICE. VIOE-CONSTJLS' COMPENSATION. At every post there should be a vice-consul to undertake the duties of the consul during the absence of the latter. This officer is now paid out of the consul's salary ; he is usually a native of the country in which he is officially located, and is sometimes employed as a clerk in the con- sulate, a;lthough, In many instances, where a sufficient allowance for clerk hire is made, the services of young Americans have been secured. It is evident that it would be to the advantage of the service that this, should always be done. No reason, however, is seen why the consul, who is justly entitled to certain rest and recreation, and at reasonable intervals to visit his home, should do so at the expense of half his salary during his absence. The consul is held for the faults of his subordinates ; but if law or regulation allows him leave of absence, the rule does not seem to be just which fines him to the extent of half his salary during such per- mitted absence. The deduction of one-half of the salary now author- ized is often a prohibition of leave, and if to this is added the cost of traveling home and back, when the leave is coupled with permission to visit the United States it is often too heavy a loss to bear under the present salaries. As no such loss is imposed upon other officers of the Government, there seems to be no good reason why an officer in the consular service should thus suffer, he being under circumstances pe- culiarly disadvantageous. He is prohibited from engaging in trade abroad, is far removed from his native land and friends, and thus soon loses business opportunities at home. His social, political, and busi- ness Influence is quickly destroyed or greatly lessened; he must be separated from his family, or incur great expense in their transporta- tion, and in short he does not receive that which Congress has said he should receive for his year's service, even though his leave be confined to the limit fixed by statute. It is recommended, therefore, that an appropriation be made for the payment of vice-consular officers for services rendered during the authorized absence of their principals, such absence with pay being restricted as now to sixty days in any one year, and the time required to make the transit to and from the United States when permitted by the Secretary of State so to do. It is proper to add, however, that it has not been, and is not now, the practice of the Department to grant a leave of absence to each consul every year, and, in fact, absence is only permitted upon the presentation of good reasons therefor. CONSITLAE AGENTS — COMPENSATION AND TITLE. Consular agents are now entirely compensated by fees, and with very few exceptions are citizens of the town in which they perform their official duties. The fees received by them run from an entirely nominal sum to over $3,000 per annum, a certain proportion of which they are by law allowed to retain. It is recommended that the office of consular agent be abolished, for the reason that this title is not of common use by other nations, while that of vice-consul is universally employed in ail countries having a consular system. It is therefore deemed advis- able that such officers in the service of the United States as have been heretofore known as consular agents be in future styled vice-consuls, and that a revision of the existing statute be made, so that a vice-consul shall be known in our consular service as a subordinate to a consul, performing his duty either at the residence of the consul or at some CONSULAR SERVICE. » other place within his district. If that be allowed it will gire greater elasticity to the service, and will enable the Department in case of an emergency to transfer a vice-consul from one town to another within the same district. Many of these ofBcers if taken from the residents of the different countries "would be willing to perform the duties without compensation, and should be given the title recognized in other services of honorary (or unpaid) vice-consuls ; while those who receive compen- sation would be known as vice-consuls. ^ this connection it should be said that some of the officers of the present service strongly advise that no one be employed by the Government without some compensa- tion. In all cases where a salary is paid a bond may properly be re- quired, and the requirement of such an instrument will, it is believed,, tend to secure a more faithful discharge of the duties of the office than could otherwise be expected. COMMEECIAL AaENTS. Commercial agents are unnecessary except in a few countries where the number of consuls is limited by the foreign Government, and yet where consular representatives of some kind are required in excess of the number of consuls permitted. As, however, it occasionally becomes necessary either to avoid the technical objection of a foreign Government to recognize the number of consuls required by the necessities of trade, or for some other exceptional reason the title of commercial agent should be retained, but the agents should be all salaried and placed upon the same footing with their colleagues in the consular service, with therank, position, and powers of a consul. ?!LEEKS. The question of clerical assistance at a consulate, is one which can properly be considered in connection with the question of compensation of vice-consuls, as the principal clerk in a consul's office should usually be tiie vice-consul, and his pay as clerk should be sufficient compensa- tion when increased by the allowance given hiin during the consul's absence. The proper keeping of the books, and preservation of the records and archives of a consulate, render clerical assistance in almost all of them an imperative necessity, and in several countries it is absolutely essen- tial that the consul shonld have some one in the consulate who under- stands the language of the country. Such a clerk would render efficient service in every consulate, besides insuring the regular and methodical execution of detail consular work. A liberal allowance to consuls for the purpose would greatly benefit tl:e service, save the Department of State much unnecessary work, and insure uniformity in the keeping of consular records. With a fair salary, it is probable that the services of young Ameri- cans could be secured, and the training thus received by them would furnish a valuable stock to draw upon, for the purpose of filling the con- sular offices with trained men. No consulate should be without a clerk to keep the office during the consul's absence, for in the performance of his duties the consul must necessarily be out of his office frequently. It is his duty to acquaint himself with the market value of the goods exported from his post; to attend to Americans there present, and needing aid; at seaports, to visit American vessels, which, in many in- 10 CONSULAR SEEVICE. stances, lie at anchor, several miles distant from the consulate, a single visit to such vessels often consuming the consul's time for an entire day ; and, in short, to perform many duties which make it imperatively neces- sary that he should leave the consulate from time to time, and this dur- ing business hours, when some one should be present ia the of&ce. ESTIMATES OF SALARIES. In fixing the salaries of the different consulates an endeavor has been made to adjust them in proportion to the relative importance of the positions; the cost of living, the attractions or disadvantages of the post, such as climate, distance from the United States, &c., and the responsibility assumed by the ofilcer arising from the nature of the duties usually imposed upon him. The importance of a consulate does not depend upon the amount of fees received, and, should a change be at any time made in the present customs system of the TJnited'States, many of the consulates which now send large sums to the Treasury, could be dispensed with ; while others, at which the receipts are very small, would necessarily be retained. At some places the consul's chief duty is the certification of invoices, i. e., the duties are mainly clerical, except in so far as the officer keeps him- self informed as to the market value of goods exported to the United States, and endeavors to detect or prevent frauds upon the revenue. The fees at these consulates are usually greater than at others where the duties are more delicate and important, and where greater intelli- gence, sagacity, and experience are required. At some of the posts the duties are largely of a diplomatic or political character, while at others they are chiefly judicial. This is especially true in pagan and Moham- medan countries, where the consul has Original jurisdiction in all civil cases between his own countrymen, and in all cases civil and criminal, wherein they are defendants. The proper discharge of these judicial functions requires a sound knowledge of the law, practical acquaintance with judicial procedure, and implies that spotless integritj' and high character without which the judicial system cannot succeed. In other countries where no grant of extraterritoriality has been made, but where, through unstable government, or weak or corrupt jucficiary, or both, controversies gravely affecting American interests are of frequent ■occurrence, which in many instances may be adjusted by the consul before they grow to the full magnitude of diplomatic questions, the services of an officer of ability and with knowledge of public affairs, are required. The fees received at these consulates, as well as at the judi- cial ones, are not often large. While the labor of the consul in connection with the verification of invoices of exports to the United States is most apparent, and while his usefulness herein for the protection of our revenue should be fully recog- nized, these duties are of secondary consideration compared with those which fall within his province as a commercial representative for the in- troduction of American manufactures and products into his district, and the protection and enlargement of our trade. The advanced condition of the manufacturing industries of the lead- ing nations of Europe, and the very active competition which prevails for the privilege of supplying the wants of foreign markets obviate any great necessity for the employment of consuls to watch our imports, •save, as before stated, for the protection of the revenue. Under any international commercial conditions we may feel assured that the uni- CONSULAR SERVICE. 1 I versal law of trade — that the producers seek the cousumers — will be assiduously applied by traders aud foreign consular services to so desir- able a market as the United States. With a plethora of production and the prevalent competition everywhere, which the futnre will greatly augment, the primary commercial "usefulness of the American consul is undoubtedly his agency in the enlargement of our export trade. Until recently the demands of Europe, which consumed the greater portion of our exports, and the condition of the producing countries, were such as to give us control in the supply of certain products, such as breadstuffs, provisions, cotton, petroleum, &c. The demands of Eu- rope for all these products, and of the other continents for petroleum especially, were so positive, and our producing conditions so favorable, as to give us practically a monopoly for their supply. These conditions of international demand and suijply are undergoing radical changes, which the near future will intensify. The efforts which have been made and which are being made by Europe to enlarge the field of supply in the above-mentioned products, aided by the ainbition which prevails in all countries for this develop- ment of natural and artificial resources to meet their own wants and to supply the wants of others, Tiave resulted in awakening competition for the supply even of those products which we have heretofore controlled. It is true that thus far this competition has not affected our trade to any appreciable extent, but the desire for development which is now abroad, and the ambition which prevails to increase the production (outside of the United States) of the foregoing articles, render consular supervision of absolute importance. The complex commercial relations and industrial interests which now prevail in Europe have originated hostility to American products in many countries, and afford additional reasons for the enlargement and perfection of the consular service. Besides the foregoing interests which now demand greater consular supervision and vigilance in regard to our trade in natural products, the development of our manufactures has introduced a new and most important factor into our foreign trade relations. There can be no ques- tion as to the continued enlargement of our exportations of manufac- tures, or as to the necessity which exists, and which will increase with each year's added changes, for finding new markets and enlarging old ones. The great interest which has been awakened within the last few years among manufacturers and exporters in regard to the intro- duction and augmentation of our foreign trade, is evidence sufflcient to satisfy the Department that the United States, in the near future, will assume a leading position as an exporter of manufactures. The initia- tive of this trade has been taken principally through our consuls, to which fact the Consular Eeports and the appreciation in which they are held bear ample testimony, and its successful enlargement will depend mainly upon continued consular efforts to that end. If consular supervision is necessary, as before shown, for the pro- tection and cultivation of fpreign trade in natural products, wherein we hold such a commanding position, how much^more must it be neces- sary for the introduction and encouragement of our manufactures into and in the several markets, in the presence of the severe competition of the manufacturing nations, and their systematic and incessant efforts for supremacy. The magnitude of our exports of natural products so overshadows the exports of manufactures that the volume and value of the latter are not usually appreciated. The following memoranda of exports of man- 12 CONSULAR SERVICE ufactures from the United States during the year ending June 30, 1883^ are therefore submitted : Agricultural implements |3, 848,000 Cotton manufactures 13,952,000 Iron manufactures : General |7, 091, 000 Locomotives, boilers, &o - 2,638,000 Machinery, &c 6,223,000 15,952,000 Steel manufactures 3,072,000' Leather 6,424,000 Leather manufactores '. 1,500,000 Sewing machines ■. 3,062,000 Wood manufactures 13,450,000 Flour 54,824,000 Cannedmeats <... 4,579,000 Medicines, drugs, and chemicals 3,306,000 Books, pamphlets, &c 1,018,000 Carriages and carts 1,608,000 Railway carriages 1,901,000 Clocks 1,316,000 Musical instruments 1,203,000 Ordnance stores ; 1,372,000 Paper and stationery 1,590,000 Distilled spirits 1,982,000 Spirits of turpentine 4, 366, OOO Refined sugar 2,454,000 Manufactured tobacco 3,658,000 Glassware 1,000,000 Hemp manufactures 800, 000 Cordage, rope, &c 750,000 Beer 490,000 Blacking 210;00O Brass manufactures 288,000 Candles , 219,000 Dyes... 878,000 Fancy articles 785,000 Canned fruit.. 687,000 Earthenware 228,000 Hats and caps 207,000 Brooms and brushes 172,000 Jewelry, &c 423,000 Lamps 409,000 Manures, manufactured 390, 000 Marble, mannfaotured 389,000 Matches 134,000 Paints and colors 470, OOO Paintings, engravings, &c 389,000 Perfumery 356,000 Plated ware 445,000 Printing presses 267, 000 Scales and balances 318,000 Mathematical aud musical instruments 632,000 Condensed milk 131 oOO Canned vegetables 120 000 Starch „ 326,' 000 Wearing apparel 770,000 Wool manufactures ' 366,000 Watches • 163', OOO Tinware 192,000 Confectionery 103,000 Trunks and valises 190, OtIO Varnish 188| 000 Maizena, farina, &c 988, 000 All other manufactures 10, 60o|oOO Total 171,948,000 CONSULAIi SERVICE. 13 If to the foregoing we add other articles which undergo enough man- ipulation to be classed with manufactures (and they are so classed by many authorities), such as butter, refined oils, turpentine, vegetable oils, cheese, canned fish, soaps — the exports of which amounted, during the year under review, to about $60,000,000 — it gives a total export of manufactures during the year of $23] ,948,000. When it is remembered that the superiority of' American manufact- ures, and their fine adaptability to the various uses for which they are intended, are fully recognized wherever they are known, it is evident that the future of the export trade of the United States in this important line will depend in a great degree upon the effectiveness of the consular service, and the direct interest of the consuls themselves in spreading abroad a knowledge of our productions. It should be borne in mind that consuls are ndt only necessary where we have an established trade, but that they are equally necessary where we have no trade, but where trade opportunities exist. The opening up of new trade connections is as essential as the enlargement of trade relations already established f for the consequential results of the introduction of even a single product or manufacture into a market may be of greater moment than the ex- penses incident to the entire consular service. Not only should we have consular representation wherever commerce has an existence, but the cousuls should be so distributed as to enable us to anticipate the opening up of new trade centers, for those who are first in the commercial field secure advantages which years of best ef- fort will scarcely neutralize. This is plainly illustrated on the west coast of Africa, now being opened rapidly to foreign trade, where, from Cape Verde to Cape Colony, we have only consular represent- atives (and they with insignificant salaries) at Sierra Leone, Liberia, Gaboon, and St. Paul de Loando, leaving such well-known and well- established trade centers as Senegal, Gambia, the Gold Coast, Lagos, and all the native states without representatives. It is estimated that American products to the value of $2,000,000 are even now annually consumed on this coast, reaching those markets through the medium principally of British ships or British merchants. There is a present market on this coast (waiving the question of what there will be) for American products and manufactures to the value probably of at least $8,000,000. Great Britain exports directly thereto manufactures and products to the value of over $10,-000,(J00 annually ; France to the value of about $6,000,000, and Germany about $5,000,000. What is true of our consular representation in Africa is equally true of many other places, notably Central America ; and our trade with the latter is consequently in a condition as deplorable as with the former. The consul, in order to enable him to give his whole time and attention to his duties and to take energetic interest in his country's commerce, must receive a living salary. Ko valuable officer, unless he has other than Government interests, can be induced to go to disagreeable posts, such as the coast of Africa, without receiving good compensation. Intimately connected with the question of salaries is that of permit- ting consular officers to engage in trade. In the opinion of the Depart- ment no consul or commercial agent should be granted a salary of less than $1,500 per annum, and no consular officer whose salai-y exceeds $1,000 should be permitted to engage in trade. This, of course, will not apply to vice-consuls whose salaries are proposed at a figure less than $1,500. It is a well known fact that the consular service is much more than 14 CONSULAR SERVICE. self-sustaining, i. e., the official fees received exceed all expenses of every kind whatsoever, including salaries, by a considerable amount. The unofficial fees are now retained by the consuls, and should sufficient salaries be provided and these fees be also turned into the Treasury, such a large increase in the total receipts would result as would, it is believed, leave the Treasury uninjured by the proposed, increase in salaries. It appears from the report of the Fifth Auditor that the total cost of the consular service during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1883, was $870,290.60. The total receipts were $914,839.74, to be in- ci'eased by a few returns not then received. The same officer also re- ports as follows : " The receipts from consular fees have increased year by year from $624,265.99 in the fiscal year 1877, to $826,545.76 in 1880, ■ aud to $843,060.36 in 1881. The last report gives the fees for 1882 at $889,840.55, but several accounts theu unadjusted have increased this to $917,331.30. * * * The receipts for 1883 will equal if not slightly exceed those for 1882." INSPECTION. In concluding this branch of the report, it seems particularly appro- priate that special mention be made of what is regarded as an impor- tant defect in o^r consular organization, that is, the lack of a regular and definite system of inspection. ' Every other branch of the Govern- ment has its inspectors, and experience has shown the necessity for, and wisdom of, such appointments. At present, the Secretary of State is limited to such unsatisfactory inspections as can be occasionally made by the several consuls-general, who have supervisory powers, and to an occasional inspection by an officer of this Department acting under special instructions. The very limited fund from which the expenses of these special in- spections can be paid renders it impracticable to have them made as frequently as the good of the service requires. It is not difficult to understand why an inspection by a consul-general may not be as effective as could be desired. Being himself a consular officer and visiting the offices of his own subordinates only, with whom he has always more or less intimate social relations as well as regular official intercourse, it can scarcely be expected that his investigations would be so thorough or his report so satisfactory as would be the in- vestigation and report of an officer, specially detailed, and accountable only to the Secretary of State. It is believed that an annual appropriation of, say, $8,000, to be ex- pended under the direction of the Secretary of State, would enable that officer to cause such inspections to be made as would result in a very large increase in the revenues of the country, and at the same time improve and elevate the service generally. It is the desire of the Department that provision for such inspections should be made, and if made, care will be taken to see that only such persons as have, by expe- rience in the Department or abroad, become familiar with the actual details and workings of the consular system of the United States, shall be intrusted with the important and delicate duties devolving upon au inspector of consular offices. NEW OFFICES. Experience has shown that it is often necessary to establish cons-u- lar offices during the recess of Congress, and if the consular service be now placed upon a purely salaried basis, it would seem proper, and in- CONSULAR SERVICE. 15 deed Decessary, that an appropriation be made for the payment of the salaries of ofiBcers appointed by the President during the recess of Con- gress, at places not heretofore provided for by that body. It might be well to limit the amount to be expended under this provision in any one year, at any one place, to some fixed sum, say f 1,000. If Congress fails to make this appropriation, and adopts the Inclosed draft of an act pro- viding for the return to the Treasury of all fees, official and unofficial, so called, the President may, and most likely will, find himself at times seriously embarrassed by his inability to fill an office which the neces- sities of trade or political changes may render necessary because no com- pensation is provided or permitted, either by fees or salary. In other words, an officer appointed under such circumstances would be com- pelled to give his services to the United States gratuitously, which is unreasonable and undesirable. It is believed that $10,000 would be suf- ficient to cover all demands likely to arise under the above indicated conditions. AEGENTINE REPUBLIC. The service in this republic at present comprises one salaried consu- late at Buenos Ayres, a feed consulate at Cordova, an^ one at Eosario (the former of which is and has been for some time vacant), and a con- sular agency at Parana. But little commercial business witli the United States is at present transacted at Parana, which is on the Parana Eiver,. about 150 miles above Eosario. Occasionally an American ship ascends to this town to load a cargo, but these visits are rare, and therefore, in any reorganization of the service looking to a salary for every officer, the agency at Parana may well be dropped. At present, as no fees are received there and the Government is practically at no expense in sup- porting the office, no objection is seen to the presence of an agent, who might be of use on the arrival of an American ship, or in case of acci- dent to an American citizen. CORDOVA. This is an unsalaried consulate, in the interior. There is no reaSon for its continuance, except the presence of a few Americans at the na- tional observatory. The town has little or no commercial intercourse with the United States. The " Cordoba wool" is not shipped thence, but from Eosario, where it is prepared for market and where the invoices are certified. There is no necessity for the office unless it can be filled gratuitously. It has been vacant for some time, and there is no present intention of filling it. ROSARIO. This consulate is of importance, and, because of the insufficient com- pensation, it has been difficult to find an incumbent for the post. It should be retained and a proper salary assigned to it. The town of Eosario is about 150 miles above Buenos Ayres, on the Parana Eiver, near the head of navigation for ocean-going vessels. It has a large foreign commerce, which is yearly growing in bulk and im- portance, a very considerable portion of which is carried on directly with the United States. There are always numbers of American ves- sels discharging or loading at this port, and several American firms are engaged in trade there. It so happens that a number of the shippers from Eosario have their business offices in Buenos Ayres, and, as per- mitted by the Consular Eegulations, their invoices generally come to 16 CONSULAR SERVICE. that consulate for certification, thus putting into the United States Treasury, as from Buenos Ayres, fees which really, under other circum- stances, should be credited to the consulate at Eosario. Still, there is a large amount of business constantly coming before the latter consul whiph will probably continue to increase. It is recommended that a salary of $2,500 per annum be assigned to this post and at least $500 for clerk-hire. BUENOS AYRES. This is a very important consulate, and should be advanced in rank. The salary now assigned to it is $3,000. The value of goods certified there during the year ending June 30, 1883, was $2,716,416.70 ; the total amount of fees for the year ending June 30, 1883, were $2,270.40 ; the total emoluments of the consul are understood to average about #3,400, The post is important because of the amount of shipments, number of invoices certified, surveys on cargoes and vessels, seamen relieved, wrecked vessels to be assisted, losses to be adjusted, the settlement of estates, the care of American citizens, and the manifold other duties imposed upon the consul. Buenos Ayres is not only the capital of the republic, but it is the most important commercial city, and the financial center of the country. Of the total imports in 1881 , amounting to $54,029,649, there were entered at this port $44,222,418, and of the exports, amounting to $56,069,104, there were cleared from Buenos Ayres $39,268,207. Most of the ship- ments to the United States, and all vessels except those which pass di- rectly to Eosario, enter at this port. The principJil reason for the recommendation for an advance of rank in the post is found in the political considerations due to the constitution of the republic, whose great territorial extent makes it advisable that the United States should have a consular representative with jurisdic- tion over the entire country. There are fourteen interior provinces, in all of which are American citizens, who have frequent occasion for con- sular assistance. It would not be expedient to appoint consular officers in all these provinces, but a consul-general, whose authority in an emer- gency should reach each one of them, would be a great convenience. The Argentine Eepublic has a regulation which limits the jurisdiction of a consul appointed to a particular post, "and the dependencies thereof," to the province in which the post is established, so that the exequatur of the consul at Buenos Ayres allows him to transact business in that ' province only. The ninth article of the treaty of the United States with the Argentine Eepublic, concluded July 27, 1853, provides that, in the settlement of the estates of Americans dying intestate in the Argentine Eepublic, ■"the consul or consul-general is to intervene as administrator," &c., and the limitation of his powers to the province of Buenos Ayres may «ause serious difficulty in the settlement of the estate of an American dying in the interior. Further, the Argentine Eepublic has established a consulate-general at New York, with general jurisdiction throughout this country, and for these reasons it is recommended that the rank of the officer at Buenos Ayres be made that of consul-general. As to the remuneration the consul himself says : "The present allow- ance of $3,000 does not pay my. expenses. House rent is exorbitant here, clothiug is very dear, and marketing is at prices which would CONSULAR SBKVICE. 17 astonish the people of the United States " ; and adds, that he has been obliged to supplement his salary every year by considerable drafts upon his private funds. The salaries of other foreign consuls in the city are understood to be much larger, and it is recommended therefore that this office be allowed a salary of $5,000, and also $600 for clerk hire. SCHEDULE. Place. Present officers. Salary. Estimated total com- pensation. Recommendations. Buenos Ayres Cordoba Consulate ....do $3, 000 $3, 400 To be raised to consul-general r $5,000. To be omitted. Consulate; salary, $2,500. salary, ....do 1,000 AUSTEIA-HUNGAEY. The present service in Austria-Hungary consists of a consul-general at Vienna, a feed consul at Buda-Pesth, a salaried consul at Prague, one at Trieste, and a consular agent each a Flume and Eeicbenberg^ It is believed that none of these could now be abolished without in- jury to the service, but it is not deemed necessary to establish any new posts. BUDA-PESTH. The principal duties of this office are, certifying invoices, correspond- ing in regard to trade, inheritances, lost friends, &c., and protecting and aiding citizens. From the peculiar nature of the Government, the con- sul is frequently called upon to correspond directly with the central Hungarian officials. Scarcely any notarial service is performed. The value of goods invoiced during the year ending December 31, 1882, was $533,996.53. The emoluments of the consul are estimated at $1,076.75, and the official fees collected during the year ending June 30, 188J, were $782.75. As this is the principal town in Hungary, the consul should be re- tained here, notwithstanding the fact that the place is not commercially one of iirst importance. It is therefore recommended that the salary be fixed at $2,000 per annum. The cost of house rent and the necessities of life in Austria-Hungary, it is said, may be estimated as amounting to as many florins in Austria as marks in Germany. The consul at Buda-Pesth is compelled to conform somewhat to the mode of living adopted by his colleagues, who are, for the most part, consuls-general, and the recipients of large salaries, so that, taken in connection with the fact that the post is one of political importance, the proposed compensation can only be regarded as extremely moderate. The commercial business of Buda-Pesth is not now sufficient to justify clerk hire, except as the appropriation might be used to compeusate an officer taking charge of the consulate in the absence of the consul. If the present system of paying the vice-consul from the consul's salary be continued, no appropriation will be required. If a change in this regard be made, $400 should be allowed for clerk hire, the clerk to be also the vice-consul, and to receive compensation only in the consul's absence. H. Ex. 121- -2 18 CONSULAR SEE VICE. PRAGUE. The duties here are almost exclusively commercial; such as the authentication of invoices, &c., with some miscellaneous correspon- dence and limited notarial service. The amount of goods invoiced during the year ending December 31, 1882, was $2,423,893.11. The salary of the consul is $2,000. During the continuance of the present customs system the consul should receive a salary of $2,500, and be allowed $600 (the present allowance) for clerk hire. TRIESTE. There are some American vessels calling at this port, many invoices are certi'fled, and there is considerable correspondence. The notarial service is larger than at Prague or Buda-Pesth. The value of goods invoiced during the year ending December 31, 1882, was $2,133,840.17. The consul receives a salary of $2,000. The amount of fees turned into the Treasury for the year ending June 30, 1883, is $2,102.06. It is recommended that the consul be paid $2,500 per annum, the present compensation of $2,000 being inadequate for the creditable sup- port of an oflBcer having a family. Five hundred dollars should be allowed for clerk hire. VIENNA. Vienna, the capital of Austria, has a large commerce with the United States. The duties of the post are varied, and mainly consist in the legaliza- tion of invoices, much miscellaneous correspondence, the superinten- dence of subordinate consuls, the protection of American citizens (over one hundred American physicians annually attend the hospitals and the medical and other schools, while many American citizens of Austriani birth return to the city, and many other citizens visit the city or tem- porarily reside there), and considerable notarial service is performed. The value of the goods exported during the year ending December 31, 1882, was $3,616,388.98. The salary of the consul-general is $3,500. The amount of fees turned into the Treasury during 1882 was $8,433.49. It is recommended that the consul-general receive a salary of $5,000, and be allowed $1,500, the present allowance, for clerk hire. EEICHENBERG, FIUME, AND BRUNN. During the continuance of the present customs system a subordinate officer, at a salary of, say, $500, should be maintained at Eejchenberg, which is the center of a large manufacturing district, and has important exports to the United States. Should changes take place in the law as to the customs, the services of a consular officer at this post could be dispensed with. A subordinate officer, who could probably be obtained without salary, should be retained at Fiume for the protection of Ameri- can interests. The exports from Brunn to the United States are very considerable, and the office at that point should be continued as a vice- consulate with a salary of perhaps $500. CONSULAR SERVICE. SCHEDULE. 19" Place. Present oflces. Salary. ' Kecommendations. Boda-Festh.-.u Fees, about $700 $2 000 ' Consnl salary, $2,000. Consul salary, $2,500. Tioe-consul, $500: Consnl, $2,500.;. Honorary vice-consul. Consul general, $5,000. Vice-consul, $500. Prague ......do Beichenberg Trieste Consular agency A new post; fees not yet known, $2 000 Fiume Consular agency Consulate general Consular agency $100 Srunn Fees, about $500 BARBAEY STATES. The traditioDal relations between the United States and Tangiers commend the continuance of the consulate at that post to the favorable consideration of this Government. The United States have there con- sular buildings presented by the local government, and while the trade with the United States is not large the politica,l condition of the country requires the presence of an officer (who should be invested with political powers) for the protection of American citizens who resort to the coast and such commerce as we have there. The ofiScer at Tangier should have the rank of diplomatic agent and consul-general and receive a salary of not less than $3,500 per annum. The subordinate consular agencies, of which there is one each at Casa- Blauca, Laraiche, Mazagan, Mogador, Eabat, and Saflfi, with a commercial agent at Tetuan, can probably be filled without expense to the Govern- ment by residents to be given the title of honoriiry vice-consuls. SCHEDULE. Place. Present offices. Sal.ry. Eecommendations. Consulate Consular agency . . . . do . ... $2, 000 None., do Diplomatic agent and consnl-general; sal- ary, $3,500. Honorary vice-consul. Do Laraiche Mazagan do ,.do... Do. ....do Rabat ...do ..do... Do. Saffi ., ... do do Do. Commercial agent. ..do .. Do. BELGIUM. The consular service in Belgium consists of a salaried consul at Brus- sels, one at Antwerp, and one at Verviers and Liege; a consul comiien- sated by fees at Ghent; a consular agent at Charleroi and one at Ostend. BRUSSELS. The consul at Brussels receives a salary of $2,500 and the share of official fees received from the agency under him, which he is entitled to retain under the law, increases materially his compensation. There is considerable commercial business, but this forms a comparatively small portion of the duties. As Brussels is a capital city, with a population 20 CONSULAR SERVICE. of more than 500,000, is a large distributing point for the products of the United States, and the temporary resort of much of the traveling public of our country, the salary at this post should not be less than $3,500, with an allowance of $800 for clerk hire; and it would not be inappropriate, under the circumstances, to give the incumbent the rank of consul-general. Both these changes are recommended. CHARLEROI, From which there is a large exportation of glass, is now an agency un- der Brussels. The duties there, however, are purely commercial, and are confined to the authentication of invoices. A subordinate consular officer for that purpose alone is necessary, and probably, as now, the services of a resident of the town could be obtained at a small salary. It is, therefore, recommended that a vice-consul, with a salary of $1,000, be provided for this post. The fees returned in the year ending June 30, 1883, were $2,410. ANTWERP Is an important shipping point, much frequented by Americans ; has a large and increasing trade with the United States. The consulate should be retained. As the present salary, if the right to notarial fees be taken away, would be insuflftcient, it is recommended that the com- pensation be fixed at $3,500 and that an allowance of $800 for clerk hire be made. GHENT. This is a place of comparatively small importance, the fees received from it not being sufficient to pay the living expenses of any regular officer. It is, therefore, recommended that it be made a subordinate office, with pay at the rate of $ 1 ,000, under the jurisdiction of Antwerp. The fees received during the year ending June 30, 1883, amounted to $893. VEEVIERS AND LIEGE. The consul should be retained at Liege, and Verviers be made what it practically is now, a subordinate office. An officer could probably bie found to fill the latter post, without pay. The salary of the consul at Liege should be raised from $1,500 to $2,000, in view of the retention by the Government of the notarial fees. An allowance of $500 for clerk hire should be made. OSTEND. If the office be retained at this place, it should be made an honorary vice-consulate, under the consul at Antwerp, and that disposition of the matter is recommended. SCHEDtTLE.. Place. Present ofiSces. Antwerp Bmssels Charleroi Ghent Ostend Vervier and Liege . . . Consulate ...do Consular agency. Consuldte Consul&r agency. Conaulale Salary. $3, 500 2,500 1,500 Becommenilations. Consul ; aalarv, $3,500. Consal-general ; salary, $3,500. Vice-consul; salary, $1,000. Do. Honorary Tice-consul. Consul at Liege; silary, $2,000. Verviers to be an honorary vice-consulate. CONSULAR SERVICE. 2V BOLIVIA. 1 The minister at La Paz acts also as consul-general, and no change is^ "recommended in this regard. He should, however, be allowed a vice- consul-general, who shall also perform clerical duties, both in the con- sulate-general and legation when required, and be given five hundred dollars per annum for this purpose. No other salaried office is at present necessary in Bolivia. SCHEDULE. Place. Present offices. Salary. Hecommendations. CoWja Commercial agency. . . Consulate-gt nei al* IN'one . Honorary vice-consulate. No change ; but an allowance of $500 for a vice- consul-general, who would also perform clerical duties. ( May be retained as honorary vice-consulates La Paz Potoei Consular agency do None . do Puerta Perez < without expense to the Government as long as ( competent persons can be found to fill them. * The iDjnister la also consul-general. BEAZIL. The changes recommended in the consular service in Brazil embrace an increase in the smaller salaries and the general recommendation as to clerks and vice-consuls. The consular offices in Brazil are — Place. Offtce. Salary. Bemarks. Babia $1, 500 1,500 2,000 1,000 6,000 With two subordinate agencies. Para ...do ...do cies, OBB of which, Maranhao, is of considerable commercial importance. "With four small suhordinate agencies under its jurisdiction. ... do Eio de Janeiro Consulate-general. Now compensated hy fees, which amount to about $1,500 peraunam, with one subordinate agency of small importance. It is recommended that the salary of the officers at Bahia, Para, Per- nambuco, and Santos be each raised to $2,500, as it is believgd to be impossible to live in that country, as a consular representative of the United States should live, upon a less sum. There seems to be no rear son for a change in the salary of the consul-general. The office at Eio Grande do Sul should be made a vice-consulate with a salary of $500. As all are seaport towns visited by American vessels, the presence of a consular representative of the United States is proper, aside from the amount of fees collected. The present allowance of $2,000, for clerk hire, should be continued to Eio de Janeiro. ^2 CONSULAR SERVICE. SCHEDULE. Place. Present offices. Salary. EecommendatioDft. Bahia $1, 500 Consul; salary, $2,500. Honorary vice-constil. Do. Para - . .. 1,500 Consul: salary, $2,560. Honorary vice-consul. Vice-consul; salary, $500. Consul, $2,500.- Honorary vice-consul. Vice-consul; salary. $500. Honorary vice-consul. Do. Consal 2,000 flo N^atal ....do ....do 1,000 6, UOO Rio de JaDeiro Consul-general Ko change. Consul; salary, $2,500. Honorary vice-consul. CHILI. The consular service in Chili consists of a consul at Coquimbo, com- pensated by fees, which amounted to something over $400 in the fiscal year 1882, with a subordinate agency at Caldera. A consulate at Talcahuano, with a salary of $1,000. A consulate at Valparaiso ; salary, $3,000. Of these posts, the agency of Caldera is the most northerly, and the posts are distributed along the seaboard to Talcahuano. All these ports are visited by American vessels, and the principal duties of the consuls arise from this fact. All should be continued, and if consuls are not allowed to trade, then Coquimbo and Talcahuano should be made vice-consulates, or if retained as consulates, the compensatioa should be considerably increased. RECOMMENDATIONS. Place. Office. Salary. Bemarks. $300 2,000 3,500 ......do This port is much visited by whaterg. If unofficial fees are to be retained by the GoTernment, the salarv ehoold be increased as suggested.' The consul at Valparaiso should be alloTred $800 for clerk hire. He now ha« nothing. Caldera A CHIlf A. The consular service of the United States in China at preisent con- sists of one consul-general, seven salaried consuls, two consuls compen- sated by fees, and seven consular agencies ; all of the latter being, of course, compensated by fees alone. The qualifications necessary to properly discharge consular duties in China are peculiar and of a high order. Each consul is vested witk judicial functions, and often is called upon to pass upon questions of CONSULAR SERVICE. 23 the greatest importance, involving very large sums of money and even life. The expense of getting to the post and the cost of living when once there^ both of which are great, should be considered in determining the salaries to be given. A consular offtcer who has lived in China for many years says : The Chinese are a, people * * * punctilious in all that relates to ofiflcial eti- quette * » * and prone to judge of rank by its following * » « and of na- tions by the tone of their representatives. Foreigners have not been slow to appreci- ate these Oriental characteristics, and by organizing their services on an elaborate scale have secured for themselves in China a protection aud development for which we ask in vain. Take England, for example. The elegant residences of British con- sular officers, their careful training from youth in the language, manners, and customs of the country, their attention to details, and respect for the prejudices of the people, have done quite as much as force of arms for British interests. I do not assume that our eastern policy demands any such expenditure as is required by that of Great Britain, yet I canuoc but think we would be material gainers by adopting their sys- tem, modified by our requirements. What we chiefly suffer from is our deplorable ignorance of the Chinese language, and the necessity it entails of employing either, as interpreters, a class of English- speaking natives or calling to our aid the missionary element, whose knowledge of the language is confined to the coolie colloquial, and whose presence is so antagonis- tic to the high officers of state as to greatly nullify the influence we seek to bring to bear. The tenure of office is so uncertain, and a fair knowledge of the Chinese language is so difficult to obtain under the most favorable circumstances, that no member of the consular body has ever attempted to familiarize himself with it, and ie thus deprived of a prime essential to his efficiency. The next point to which I beg to call your attention is the detriment to our iujterests incurred by installing in consulates having jurisdiction persons without the necessary legal knowledge. The power attending jurisdiction is liable to grave abuse, either deliberately or through lack of appreciation of its limits. Deputy United States marshals should be attached to all maritime consulates except New Chwang. * , * * These officers should receive a salary of $75 a month and general character, but much more limited in extent. Those at Newcastle, Hull, and Bristol may also be included. Of the in- terior consulates, Manchester is by lar the most important, being the metropolis of extensive and diversified industries. It is the chief consumption market for Ameri- can cotton, and a great commercial center. The duties of the consul are alike im- portant, as related to the customs revenue, and the manufacturing and cotton grow- ing interests of the United States. The duties at important interior consulates and agencies consist mainly iu the examination of the market values of merchandise, and the legalization of invoices, thus directly affecting the customs revenue, and hence our home manufacturing interests. In reference to the classification of Bradford and Leeds X have some doubts. They are situated within about ten miles of each other and arc conveniently connected by lines of railway, while the amount of business done at Bradford in the way of legaliz- ation of invoices is much the larger. Leeds is the older and much larger city of the two, and is the center of an important industrial district comprising a greater divers- ity of products than Bradford. Hnddersfield, being an agency of the Leeds consulate, appears to have absorbed a large part of the business of legalizing invoices. Seventh . In the appointment or assignment of officers to the places of chief importance, selection should be made with strict regard to their peculiar qnalifioations and fitness for the duties to be performed in each case. The efficient, creditable, and faithful discharge of these duties call for good abilities, business training, strict integrity , temperate and industrioiis habits, and the undivided time, attention, and best talents of the officer, who should uot therefore be engaged in any private business pursuits whatever. No incopipetent, sick, intemperate, or lazy man, or one of questionable integrity, should receive such an appointment. For the service generally I favor the appointment of a corps of permanent vice-consuls at fixed salaries, commencing at, say, $1,500 per annum, to be appointed as vacancies occur iu the lower grades of con- sulates required to he filled by American citizens, and to be promoted to the more important posts of their class and to consuls, according to their general efficiency, special adaptation, and good conduct, as the exigencies of the service may require. These vice-consuls should, primarily, be aj)pointed under the new civil-service sys- tem, strictly applied especially as to good character and habits ; and they should be fully instructed in their duties by some actual experience before taking charge of a, consulate, to the end that uniformity and precision in all details of consular work may be insured. Their tenure should be permanent, subject to removal only for cause, and their advancement dependent alone upon efficiency and good conduct. The entry of honest, capable, and ambitious young men into the service upon this basis could not fail to elevate and improve it. It may be remarked here that the temptations which surround many of our consular officers abroad are of such a char- acter as to influence weak men to contract expensive habits of living and to lead them into dissipation, the inevitable tendency of which is to bring the service as a whole CONSULAR SEKVICE. 49 into unmerited disrepute. This evil, I think, would be measurably averted by a con- stant inducement to good behavior, coupled with certainty of removal for misconduct. The proposed vice-consuls of class 3, like those of the higher grades, should give their undivided attention to the public service, and should not be engaged in any active business pursuits requiriug time and talent. Those of classes 4 and 5, whose duties involve the legalization of invoices of merchandise to be exported to the United States, not to be" engaged in the busine s of manufacture or exportation of the class of merchandise so exported. At the consulates of the two classes last mentioned, the Department of State should be authorized to make suitable allowances for the care and custody of the official records, &c., which would be inconsiderable in amount The compensation for personal services as authorized by statute, or the laws of the several States, should be retained by the offices as at present. All official fees, of course, to be reported and paid into the Treasury. Speaking generally, it is an unwise policy to underpay any officer or agent of the Government, jnore especially its representatives in foreign countries. The many un- foreseen and burdensome demands upon their purses in the way of incidental expenses in the performance of their official duties (for which they cannot) under the present laws, be reimbursed), as well as the outlay they are compelled to make in necessary •social entertainments, and iu aid of Americans in distress, present good grounds for fixing liberal salaries in place of those which are conceded to be inadequate. As examples of the salaries, allowances, &c., of those consular officers provided by the Government iu Europe, I would mention the following, viz: The consular representatives of France in the United Kingdom comprise the follow- ing, with the salaries and allowances as stated, to wit : Consul-general at London £1,600 Consuls suppliant at London 250 Chancellor, or vice-consul, with 5 per ceut. on gross amount of fees 400 5 clerks, average salary of each 92 1 housekeeper 1" Rent and taxes, about 250 All other incidental expenses of the consulate-general, including postage, telegrams, charities, subscriptions to newspapers and parliamentary documents, and aU ordinary office expenses are allowed and paid by the Government. In England, outside of Loudon, there are five "consuls envoy^s, and as many chancellors"; the salaries of the former are £720 per annum, and of the latter, about £250. There are from one to two clerks attached to each consulate, at salaries of about £90, office rent and all paid by the Government. There are also in the United Kingdom nine vice-consuls envoy^s whose salaries average about £400 each. There are also a number of resident consular agents for France who receive no salaries, but who retain certain fees which they are allowed to charge. The salary of the Russian consul-general in London is £1,550 per annum, and of the vice-consul-general £360 per anuuni, with allowance of £716 for rent, clerk hire, &o. The salary of the Austro-Hungarian consul-general in London is £900 per annum, of the vice-consul £340, and of the secretary and clerk jointly £200, with an allow- ance of £300 for office rent. All expenses for subventiou of Austro-Hungarian sub- jects and for charitable purposes are refunded to the consul-general by the Govern- ment. This Government also has a consulate-general at Liverpool and a consulate at Cardiff. At Liverpool the salary of the consul-general is £480 per annum, that of the secretary £150 per annum, and the allowance for rent and incidental expenses £2U0. At Cardiff the salary of the consul is £360 per annum, and the allowance for rent, incidental expenses, and salary of private chancellor (at £3 per week) aggregates £260 per annum. Sweden and Norway are represented by a consul-general in London, who receives an annual salary of £ 1, 330 Vice-consul and secretary 5.'j0 Chancellor 330 First assistant secretary - 275 Second assistant secretary 220 Vice-consul at Liverpool 495 Vice-consul at Newcastle 440 Assistant secretary at Cardiff 275 Assistant secretary at Hartlepool - 275 The vice-consuls at Liverpool and Newcastle are in receipt of grants for office expenses of, respectively, 5,000 and 4,000 crowns (£275 and £220) per aunum, for which sums they do not account. The grant for office expenses for the consulate- general in London is limited to 11,000 crowns (£605), but the accounts have to be submitted to the foreign office, and only the sum actually expended is allowed. In 1877 the Government purchased, at a total outlay of £4,200, the lease for about 70 H. Ex. 121—4 50 CONSULAR SERVICE. years of the house in which the consular offices are now situated. The annual excess ot expenditures over income, in connection with the house, of which the two upper stories are let.to tenants, is separately reimbursed by the foreign office. This excess amounts to somewhat over £100 per annum. There is also a consul-general for Sweden and Norway at Leith, whose district com- prises the whole of Scotland. He is in receipt of a salary of 16,000 crowns (£880), and of a grant for office expenses of 6,000 crowns ( £330). The Grerman consul-general I'eceives a salary r)f about £2,000 per annum, and the officials connected with the consalate about £2,500. Rent, £475; other incidental expenses about £ 187. In considering these salaries and allowances 4u connection with those of our own officers, the very important fact should be borne in mind that there is no substantial relation in the nature and extent of the duties to be performed or responsibilities tb be met; as, for example, these foreign consular officers are entirely relieved of the labor and responsibility connected with the legalization of invoices, which in its relation to our customs revenues and incidentally to the protection of our home industries con- stitnte the more important and laborious duties belonging to our consular service. In the United Kingdom the location of their offices to accommodate the business community is not specially required, as in our case, it being with us at London per- ' emptory. Mr. Shaw, consul at Manchester, says : Where there are a number of consuls in a small radius of country it is almost always difficult to obtain uniformity in many particulars, because each has his own way of procuring data as to rates of wages, market prices, cost of manufacture, &c. It has seemed to me that a general rule could belaid down in determining where con- suls should be located, so as to insure the appointment of a consul to have charge, aft far as possible, of distinct branches of industry in the country where he resides. If this were done, and competent consuls were appointed, each one would soon become an authority on all questions affecting the distinctive manufactures over which his jurisdiction extends. The seaboard ports of England, as a rule, where there is any considerable com- merce, should have a consul or consular agent of the United States located thereat. The consulates of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle-on-Tyne are great commercial centers. These should be, in connection with Manchester, which is also a great wholesale and manufacturing city, regarded as among the first consulates in England, in my opinion. The consuls at Loudon and Liverpool should, 1 believe, receive a salary of $fi,000 a year, with an adequate allowance for paying the salary of a "vice- consul. The Manchester consul should have a salary of |5,000, and the consul at Newcastle-on-Tyne $3,000 a year. As to clerk hire I cannot speak from personal knowledge of any one of them beyond my own. The allowance made to this consu- late for clerk hire is 11,500 a year. With this I employ two competent clerks, by paying a small additional sum out of my own pocket. In regard to clerk hire it should be borne in mind that a clerk at a consulate occupies a peculiar, and, in a sense, an unenviable position, so far as his future prospects are concerned. He is liable to lose his place whenever a change of consul is made, and when he leaves his consular employment the work he has been doing is of such a character as not to afford liim any special claims or qualifications for the usual clerical positions. For this reason consulate clerks should be well paid, in justice to them, and in view of the uncertain tenure of their employment. In naming the amounts which I feel satisfied should be paid as salaries for the four consulates I have designated, I.am guided by what I know of the needs of the service and the expenses of living abroad. The salaries of consuls, as a general rule, should be in keeping with their location and importance. The social claims upon consuls at the leading commercial centers are heavy, and this should be considered when the question of salary is under review. Unless a consul moves in the best social current, .and is able to respectably repre- sent the office he holds in many ways, he cannot hope to reach the highest usefulness as a consular representative. The presence of an American consul at all prominent gatherings of a social, philan- thropic, or general character in the city where he lives has much influence in as-o- ciating the claims of our country to a fair share of praise in every good work, and at the same time familiarizes the people with the representative character of Americans in general. It is not as well understood at home as it should be that a consul of the United States is, in eflject, regarded as a sort of diplomatic representative in the place where he resides. The accredited minister of our country is not often seen outside of the foreign capital, and the great mass of the people seldom come in contact with him. With the consul it ^8 very different. He is more or less intimately connected with the daily life of the district, and he has it in his power to cultivate a feeling of friendli- CONSULAR SERVICE. 51 ness and admiratioa which will be tar-reaohiag in its usefulness in many ways if he possesses the character and accomplishments befitting his official position. In view of the various responsibilities which rest upon cousuls, and the diversified character of their often delicate duties, I think they should receive much higher sala- ries than they are now paid. To be regarded as a representative of our great Repub- lic, and then to be obliged to live in a comparatively poor and small way, owing to an inadequate salary, is not pleasanit, and it is not a wise policy in any view of the facts. " The laborer is worthy of his hire " ; and either rich men must hereafter be largely selected to fill consular positions, or higher salaries must be paid to secure represent- atives who are worthy and well qualified to fill positions which are becoming trom year to year more and more useful and important. 1 am strongly of the opinion that nothing would do more to gradually strengthen our consular service than the rigid adherence to a rule of promotion, based always upon fitness and experience, as shown by the results. A consul who has uot the capacity to grow up in the service has no right to hold a position he is unfitted to fill : and one who is capable and worthy ou^ht not to be passed over when prizes of position are open to be filled within tiie gift of the Department. This plan, once adopted, would have a most beneficial effect, and add largely to the attractions and compensations of our consular service. New appointments could be made to fill vacancies in the lower grades caused by promotions, and thus secure for the principal positions consuls trained by practical experience for the perplexing and responsible duties of the chief offices. There is another point in this connection that should not be overlooked. " Consu- lar agents " is a term applicable only to subordinates in our consular service. In all foreign countries similar officers are called " vice-consuls." I am of the opinion that it would be wise for our present "consular agents" to be called "vice consuls " also. This would increase the dignity of the appointment, and enable consuls to secure superior men to accept these subordinate positions on account of the social importance which the appointment would bring. The various leading manufactures of England are generally so located in sections or groups in or about a particular part of the country that it would be easy to name cousuls to represent the principal interests. These may be set down broadly as follows : The textile interests ; the iron interests ; the woolen interests ; the cutlery interests ; the pottery interests. There are others, of course, but the above cover the larger ndustries, and where chemicals, machinery, &c., come in, the consul in whose dis- trict, these are located would properly look after the same. IRELAND. PEESEN'T SERVICE. Office. Salary. Hemarks. Belfast Ball.vmena — liiirgan Cork Waterford ... Dublin Limerick Sligo Londonderry Consul Consular agent . do Consul Consular agent . Consul — Consular agent . do Consul $3,000 2,000 '2,066 Fees small. Fees arerage about $1,300. Fees small in amount. Fees small. Do. Fees about $200. Mr. Wood, consul at Belfast, and formerly chief of the Consular Bu' reau of the Department of State, reports : * That the salaries of the offices at Belfast, Cork, and Dublin should not be less than they now are, and, if regard is had to the propriety of salaries being at such a rate as to admit of some savings with careful living, that the salaries at Cork and Dublin be increased to $2,500 a year. As they now are they afford a living only. The occa- sion is taken to say that it is not uncommon to be told that living abroad is cheaper than in the United States, with a special reference to the salaries of consuls, but it will be found by any one who will try it that a consul who bears himself as a repre- sentative of his country and lives as becomes his office, though carefully, and with due regard to his income, cannot, as a rule, live within the same limits of expenditure as in his private station in the United States. I see no controlling necessity for any change in the several consular agencies now 52 CONSULAR SERVICE. existing. Witli tlie exception of Sligo and Lurgau they have been established for many years. A certain bnsiness has grown up abont them and they serve some use- ful purposes \vithout expense to tlie Government. Sligo promises to be of some im- portance in the effort to increase the trade with the west coast, and the agency at Lurgan has satisfied the demands made by the large circle of merchants and shippers in that quarter. It does not occur to me that the relation of vice and deputy consuls to their superiors, or the mode of their compensation, requires any general.ohange. But at those larger consulates where these ofdcers are permanently and daily employed a fixed and adequate salary should be appropriated to the grade and paid by the Gov- ernment. At present the compensation of these officers is paid by the consul from his salary, or is provided out of the limited allowances for clprk-hire. At such offices as liOndon, Liverpool, Paris, Hamburg, and uo donbt some others, this change seems to me very desirable. These offices could then be filled by American citizens, not now the case in some instances, and if permanency of tenure could be secured to them a strong objection to the change would be removed. In such an event, however, the Department might exercise its reserved right of making the appointments with- out referring the nomination to the consul. Under existing statutes vice and deputy consuls are provided with no compensa- tion except from the salary of the consulate, and the strictness of the law and the custom of specific appropriations permit no allowances to be made by the Depart- ment in its discretion in that respect. This suggestion as to the appropriations for the pay of vice and deputy consuls applies only to the larger offices. At others the existing provisions work without great hardship, though it is somewhat anomalous that an officer in the consular service should, when on leave of absence (taken usually under greater expense than that of others), or during disability from sickness or other- wise, be compelled to pay a substitute from his own pocket. Sncb a rule is not usual in other branches of the public service so far as I am informed. It would be equitable certainly if the compensation in such cases could be provided from a separate appro- priation. CANADA. PROVINCES OF QUEBEC AND ONTARIO. Consul-General Stearns has submitted a verj full and complete re- port on the service in the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario. His sug- gestions are in substance approved. Mr. Stearns says : First. The consul-general at Montreal has supervisory jurisdiction over all the consular offices in the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. There are in these two provinces 66 consular officers of the various grades. Of these, there are in Quebec 7 consuls, 3 commercial agents, 19 consular agents, as follows: I. — THE CONSULATB-GENEEAL AT MONTREAL. Montreal is the largest and most important city of the Dominion. It is at the head of navigation on the St. Lawrence Kiver, and although 600 miles ft'om the sea and 100 miles above tide water, is one of the largest foreign shipping ports upon the con- tinent. It maintains seven lines of ocean steamers, and has a large merchant marine, and trade relations with all parts of the world. Five lines of railroads center in it, and it has water connections by way of the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes with the interior of the continent. During the year endinn June 30, 1883, 2,610 invoices were certified, and 15,597.19 were collected in fees. <> The shipments from Montreal to Wie United States are very varied in character, the most important being horses, lumber, paper stock, tobacco, oats, &c. The importance of the office from an international and political, as well as from a commercial and social point of view, cannot be overestimated. The amount of work which devolved upon the t)fflcer in charge is not at all represented by the number of certificates issued, or the amount of tees received; the correspondence alone is » serious matter, and the adoption of the suggestions hereinafter made in regard to the supervisory duties of the consul-general would largely increase his labor and re- sponsibilities. The allowance for clerk-hire was in 1B80 reduced from $1,500 to |1,200, and has gince remained at the latter figure. I would respectfully recommend that it be changed back to $1,500, which is barely sufficient to secure the necessary assistance. There are subordinate to this office five consular agencies. CONSULAK SERVICE. 53 (1) HKMMINGFORn. This place is the center of a large and productive farming country, and is situated a few miles from the province line on a branch of the Grand Trunk Railway, by which it is connected with the port of "Moore's," in the State of New York, and with Mon- treal. During the year ending June 30, 1B8.3, invoices were certified, and |637 collected in fees; the principal shipments were horses, hay, and grain. (2) HUNTINGDON. Huntingdon is 'one of the most liourishing of the inland towns of the Province of Quebec. It is situated about midway between the St. Lawrence on the north and the province line on the south, and has had until now no railroad connection, but a branch of the Grand Trunk Railway has just been completed which will connect it with Montreal. The opening of this road is likely to increase the exportations from Huntingdon to the United States. Invoices were certified and $S53.50 in fees collected during the past yeai'. Irs chief shipments are horses, hay, and grain. (3) COTBAU LANDING. Coteau Landing is a small town on the northern bank of the St. Lawrence, about 37 jniles west of Montreal, and the present southern terminus and place of junction with the Grand Trunk Railway of the Canada Atlantic Railway, which is running from Ottawa to Coteau, and will, it is expected, cross the St. Lawrence at this place and run through to and connect with the Vermont Central system at Albnrg, Vt. Invoices were certified, and $416 in fees were collected last year. The principal shipments to the United States are eggs, hop poles, and lumber. (4) HOCHBLAGA AND LONGUKUIL. Hoohelaga lies on the same side of the river and a little below Montreal. It is the terminus of the Canadian Pacific and North Shore Railways. Longueuil is situated directly opposite it, on the south side of the St. Lawrence, and is the northern terminus of the South Eastern Railway, by which it is connected with the cities of the United States. Considerable freight, both from the North Shore and to Canadian Pacific Railways, is sent through this office to the United States by rail, and large quantities of lumber are shipped from Hochelaga by way of the Richelieu River and Lake Charaplain. During the past year certificates were issued, and |340 in fees collected. The principal shipments are lumber and farm produce. (5) HINCHINBBOOK. Hinchinbrook is a small inland town opposite the port of Chateaugay, in the State of New York, about midway between the agencies of Hemmingford and Huntingdon. This agency has been very recently established npon the urgent recommendation ot the collector of customs of the Champlain district, and Is intended to meet the wants of buyers from the United States who go into this part of Canada to purchase pota- toes, eggs, grain, and live stock, and who have found it very inconvenient to go either to Huntingdon or Hemmingford for certificates. I do not think any of these agencies could he dispensed with. t II. — COMMERCIAL AGENCY AT SOREL. Sorel is an unimportant French Canadian town on the south bank of the St. Law- rence River, about 4.5 miles below Montreal, and is connected by railway with it and various points in the United States. It was until two or three years ago a consular agency under Montreal, but the accident of an Allan Line steamer being caught in the ice in the early winter, and an unnsual importation of hay from the district during the same year, swelled the f es to such an extent during that year as to seem to justify its establishment as an independent office; the receipts, however, have dwindled away, and during the past year they were not sufficient to decently sup- port the incumbent. 54 CONSULAR SERVICE. I have not been able to ascertain exactly the number of certificates issued nor the amount of fees received during the past year, but the lartter was not more than |l,liOli. >* '* # * # * # I would recommend that it be reduced to its former grade of a consular agency, and assigned either to the consulate-general at Montreal, to which it na'turally belongs, or to the consulate at Three Rivers. It is now paid by fees, and, if it is thought best to continue it as an independent office, I would recommend that a salary of 1 1,500 be substituted. III. — CONSULATE AT THREE RIVERS. Three Rivers is one of the oldest and largest towns in the Province of Quebec, and is situated on the north bank of the St. Lawrence, at its confluence with the St. Maurice River, about midway between Montreal and Quebec, and is connected with both by the North Shore Railway. Its population is largely French Canadian, with a considerable Tiiixtiire of old country people, and it has of late years become a very prosperous and enterprising place. During the past year S.'iO invoices were certified, and $1,957 oolleoted in fees. The principal shipments to the United States are lumber, hay, aud horses. There are no agencies subordinate to it, and the duties of the office are purely com- mercial, consisting of the certification of invoices. There are few social demands upon the incumbent, who is now paid by fees. I would recommend that a salary of $1,500 be allowed it. IV. — CONSXTLATE AT QUEBEC. Quebec, the secoud city in populatiou iu the province of the same name, is situated at the confluence of the St. Lawrence and St. Charles Rivers, and connected with Montreal by the North Shore Railway and via Puint Lrvi by the Grand Trunk, aud also by the Richelieu and Ontario steamers np the St. Lawrence. Two hundred anil twenty-two invoices were certified, aud $419.53 iu fees were col- lected during the past fiscal year It is not a place of great commercial importance, and its trade with the United States is comparatively small. It is, however, the capital of the province, and a favorite resort of pleasure-seekers and tourists from all parts of the continent; and during the incumbency of the present governor-general of the Dominion has been his Hummer home. It is also the center of French Canadian influence, and is the archi- ei)iscopal see of the Roman Catholic Church in this province, and for both of these reasons is an important point of observation. The salary now paid is $1,500, but this seems to me not enough, although, of course, it is largely anppleniented by the consul's share of the receipts from the con- sular agency at Point Levi. The representative of the United States at such a place should take a respectable social position, and he should be paid enough to enable him to do so. I would recommend that the salary be raised to at least $2,000, which, with the receipts from ihe agency, will make the emoluments of the office more nearly what, in my opinion, they shoiild be. It has one consular agency subordinate to it. POINT LEVI. This place^ is situated jnst opposite Quebec, on the south shore of the St. Law- rence, is the pastern terminus of the Grand Trunk and the western terminus of the Intercolonial Railway. This agency was established a year or two ago, and sinc<»its establishment has diverted from Quebec most of the business formerly done there. Nine hundred and nineteen invoices were certified, ,nd $2,054 in fees collected during the past year. V. — CONSULATE AT GASPlfe. • J.'ispd is situated on the Lower St. Lawrence, 450 miles below Quebec. The office was established for the purpose of looking after shipwrecked American si'iinien, and for the collection of statistical information. The place is of no commercial importance in its relations to the United States, but it lias been, and is now, very useful for the purpose for which it was established. The present salary is $1,000, and I would not advise any change. The fees received during the past year were very limited. CONSULAR SERVICE. 55 VI.— COMMERCIAL AGENCY AT ST. HYACINTHE. St. Hyaointhe is situated on the Yamaska River and on the Portland branch of the Grand Trunk Railway. Its population is largely French Canadian, and its trade relations with the United States are unimportant. The duties of the agent are pui'ely commercial. Invoices were certiWed, and $1,825 in fees were collected during the past year. The principal shipments to the United States, the greater part of which go from the outlying villages, are bark, lumber, hay, and horses. ' , Tlie agent is now paid by fees. I would recommend that the salary of the office be fixed at $1,500. It was the opinion of Mr. Worden, who was quite recently promoted from this agency to the consulate at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, that this ofiSce could with advantage be restored to its former subordinate position as a consular agency. It has under it one consular agency. WATKKLOO Is an enterprising village on the South Eastern and Central Vermont Railways. The agency has been recently established, and is intended to accommodate shippers from along the line of the South Eastern Railway and the Magog branch of the Cen- tral Vermont, who have found it inconvenient to go to St. Hyacinthe for certificates. VII. — CONSULATE AT ST. JOHN'S. St. John's, Province of Quebec, is situated on the Richelieu River, and is the last Canadian port of clearance for shipments by inland waters to New York and other points in the eastern a(a B O CO 5J CD -f- eowsj^oiieou fit 9J9q) 9i9qAiS9oggo %v %n9i 90p[(0 joj op^m ^nraq oe\v aoieiA -ojd *sj9inopa'B 'ojuojox'si^ooaqaaqs *'ns9J)aoj^}'B9Jiqi[i9[9X'BaoTiipf>«puB A1VIB9 pdsodojd i9pan 4806 p9i'Ba[i)B;^ «■* CO M O eooet At>o 00 ^ dm *s9Li«lGB pasodojd J9pan j90igo'jo aoi!j'BBa9dTnoo iBnq.ov o o 00 00 0-^1-00 10 CO 03 O) to N fH'n i-rfH" 00 o o o to eoiOTfoo^tito t-Ni-iCOOOTfO cooac^o^inmcoio *89t9a93lS JBtneUOO OIOJJ S99J JO aa^qs pn^e ^Cj^^i^e jo sesj siq Sai9q O-^t- 00 o to CO 00 o 10 oi-iio CO eo •<# CO ^ -^ "^ o ooam r> -^rH to ■* o-* o iOCOO OO 00 C4 CD t» m d to 'SQiawdSv j^inenoo mojj P9AI999J: Sd9j pep^o JO (juBoraY O (M CCOO ■M O tDC- CDOOJO 10 in (MM r-co -ji Oi eonoo OCOC4 WMOO 'XiBi^B paeodoj J 00 o o too 00000 00000 m 10 to in to 000 o oca o 010 00000000 00000000 omomiototom ■£8.-2881 "T ^«TB8 JO eaaj ni igq^ia j99^o jo uoii^^sagdmoo ^'Baimojii; ooowo 00 o o o CO o 00 toio otDio o tn OOOOCbiHOao Oi-IOffi-^OOO 0'^t«iaom *S9ea9dx9 ynv aoi^^venad -moo JO lanoooB no e9i's:}.s p9iTniX 0% P9:(TP9J0 .10 M9A0 pi'fid pa's 99 ^^6 iiidp -nud I'D paAi999J S99J I'Otocgo JO !}nnoui Y iH CD lO iH «0 iO O TOiOSMaCW iH t- iO t-COO t- Ol eoot- C-OOOD ■irH lOiHTjlNrH- ■ptBd AOH ^ » ^ {Q » Q Cd wcow»a3 coco .= ® <1M OOOOfH CO : s a ^ ^ o tt/ C i a n-n •= P SSS e o o o S 70 CONSULAE SERVICE. e"S s 0+3 a i H S .0 ■ii 1 3 li "1 bo 3 .- 1=3 & * = i i| ■gsa lU ^»a U.3^ ^U lai S J -a &1^ •Sgg B«i 'g°-«' =«-2 S ho pi.S i|s MB^ H'l o M M '^on 91 jq; t-OSiHO 00!t-OSN IS eonBAonBonBiMBineraqjiBaoigo je oc^m^ iAe:us4^ SP I^n9.t eoi^o joj 9paB 'oiaoioj, 'eiiooaqjaqs M'^rHOS i-rr-r-^*"w~N !2" AJCIS9 pasodojd jgpan !)eoa pa^Buns^: ■»■ cs ^OitDO Oi«in**N in • t-at^o oo)t-c»(M in ■88.-Z88I 90B0 JO ((boo SBOjf) 001t-=J OCJ^tDW CO ^r-'rtW rt"r^'N OOOmiH IOOS--MIO ■* * •(iinoooB OBnadxo snoansiposipi of 0000 OlOOlfBO T-l 0000 Ol-Q-IMO >■>>• • • ' >>>> •piBd JIOJI i a3 :? ■ > s i- te H g^.^ *i Fk Si: lis s a g OS cg£ ja ^ ^ c ;i « 53 =1 s oo»eoAescs09tocain goo £3 00 ^4 « CO fl Ci ^ era 'ii:-P w -; s O » fc aS-S'=S n" ° - ° » fe £;/'« s5^ o c*g 5 o'tf'C'aOO ffl S « S « rt « s---^ rt ea « m , .5 .= .S « 4> CONBULAK SKRVICi-^ 71 NEW BEUNSWICK, NOVA SCOTIA, NEWFOUNDLAND, BRIT- ISH COLUMBIA. HALIFAX. • This important seaport is so well known that the necessity of retain- ing there a trustworthy officer needs no explanation. The post is now filled by a consul-general having jurisdiction over consular officers in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward's Island. He receives a salary of $3,000. No change in this post is recommended, although Congress may well consider the propriety of raising the salary to $3,500, if all fees are to go to the Treasury. The agencies at Barrington, Bridge- water, Liverpool, and Shelburne, may be continued as honorary vice- consulates. Nearly $3,000 official fees are collected annually at Hali- fax. PIOl'OIT, NOVA SCOTIA, Consul's salary $1,500; very slightly increased by fees. Important as an aid to the shipping resorting to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and should be continued as a consulate at the present salary. The agencies under it are as follows: Cape Canso, Cow Bay, Glace Bay, Gnysborough, Lingane, Louisburg, North Sydney, Port Hastings, Port of Sydney. Much American shipping resorts to this coast. Communication is difficult and posts well scattered along the coast are desirable ; there- fore it is not deemed expedient to abolish these agencies, although the duties are not constant nor sufficient to authorize the payment of a con- siderd;ble salary. ST. JOHN, NEW BBUNSWICK, Is a valuable consulate at the head of the Bay of Fundy ; has large commercial interests with the United States ; situated at the mouth of the St. John River, which riins through IMaine and New Brunswick, and is subject to peculiar and special customs laws and privileges which are not enjoyed outside of this province. It has, besides, a commercial and special political importance. It is unnecessary to say that it should be retained as a consulate, and that the present salary of $2,00i0 should be increased to, say, $2,500. The six agencies located, respectively, at Frederictoii, Grand Manan, MacAdam Junction, Newcastle, and St. Andrews, should be continued for the present at least, as viceconsu- late-i; the agency at Frederictou with a salary of $500, and the Mac- Adam Junction with a salary of $250. Salaries will undoubtedly be required in the near future at the other posts, if tlie customs are to be protected along the border of New Brunswick. No well-digested recommendation, however, at this time, cau be made on this subject, as the compensation of small offices, valuable not in themselves so much as part of a complete system, is a difficult one to settle in advance of any defined scheme of compensation. These agencies have but one value, viz, the supervision of imports into the United States. While the business transacted at any one of them is small, each is necessary, unless shippers are to be put to great inconvenience and delay. . By the fee system each agent has been i)aid for each separate consular act. Whether suitable persons can be found to discharge the duties of the several offices on this border in consideration of the simple honor which may be thought to follow an appointment to a consular position under the United States Government, remains to be seen; but, it may be 72 CONSULAR SERVICE. repeated here, as above stated, that under ordinary circumstances faith- ful and efficient services can hardly be expected without some adequate compensation. ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND. The consul is compensated by fees, amounting to some $500 to $700. Trade with the United States is considerable, but his principal duties lately have sprung from a series of accidents, viz, the loss of several of our vessels on the coast, and the fitting out of Arctic expeditions and subsequent search expeditions. Wrecks may be expected on this rocky and foggy coast, and on this score, more than on account of the purely commercial duty required (although this should not be overlooked), an oflBcer, and a competent one at that, should be kept here. A vice-consul, salary $600, under the jurisdiction of Halifax, is suggested. Harbor Grace, now an agency, to become an honorary vice-consulate. ST. STEPHEN, NEW BRUNSWICK. On the St. Croix, opposite Calais, should, for customs purposes, be retained at the present salary of $J,500. VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Should, of course, be retained for the protection of the revenue. What has been said about other Canadian offices applies equally to this one. The consul is now paid by fees; some $3,000, are collected, of which the statute allows him $2,500, and something for rent and clerk hire. If ap- proved by the Department of State. This is probably not too much, but most other consular salaries are so disproportionately inadequate to the expenses of the consular officers, that, logically, the salary here should be fixed at $2,000. WINDSOR, NOVA SCOTIA, Is much the same kind of post as Picton, and the same recommenda- tion is made, viz, a consul, to receive $1,500. Tlie present consul re- ceives a salary of $1,000,; may trade; and receives a considerable amount from the agencies under him. These agencies are: Annapolis, Corn- wallis, Digby, Kempt, Parrsborough, Port Joggins, Walton, Wolfville, Yarmouth. All these may be made honorary vice-consulates for the present, except Annapolis ($250), Cornwallis ($250), Kempt ($150), Port Joggins ($150), and Yarmouth ($500). The offices at these three points to be vice-consulates. WOODSTOCK, N. B. At Woodstock a vice-consul, with a salary of, say, $1,000, should be stationed, as it is a valuable point for customs protection. There is now a commercial agent there, who receives some $900 fees. AUSTEALASIA. Consul-General Spencer reports : The necessity of a consulate-general for Australasia, in my opinion, scarcely ad- mits of a reasonable doubt. I am aware that a question has been raised as to the advisability of removing the CONSULAR SERVICE. 73 presept oouaalate-general to Sydney. Whilst I admit that some good reasons may be urged in favor of such a course, I am decidedly of the opinion that the more weighty and substantial considerations remain with Melbourne. 1. First of all there is in this case, as in every other, a presumption against a change. 2. Melbourne is the metropolis of Australasia, and, in view of its central position and its commercial enterprise, mnst remain so, at least for a long time to come. 3. France, Italy, the United States, Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, and the Nether- lands, are represented at Melbourne by consuls-general, whilst Germany, Chili, and Hawaii only are similarly represented at Sydney. 4. In tlie event of the withdrawal of the Pacific mail line of steamers, which is not at all improbable at no distant date, one of the principal reasons in favor of the re- moval of the oonsulate-geupral to Sydney would no longer exist. 5. Besides, in view of the early federation of the Australasian colonies, for the reali- zation of which a convention representing the several colonies will be convened in Melbourne at an early date, it may become desirable to locate the consulate-general at the seat of the federal government, thus necessitating two removals instead of one. CONSULAR AaBNCY, ADELAIDE, S. A, The business of this ofSoe is sufficiently large to justify the continuance of the agency, as will appear from the number of American ships visiting this port during ■the years 1880, '81, 'S^i, the average aggregate tonnage of wliich amounted to 9,300 tons per anniim, employing an average of 175 seamen. The aggregate of fees received during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1883, was 1437.96. CONSULAR AGENCY, ALBANY, W. A. II. If it is the policy of the Department, under the ne w regime, to diminish rather than increase the number of consular offices, I am of the opinion that this agency might be discontinued. Its importance consists mainly in its being a refitting port for American whalers, of which there have been four or five arrivals and departures during the past year. The consulaic agent, however, informs me that the success of one or two whalers -during the past year has determined ship-owners to largely increase the fleet during the coming year. The aggregate of fees received during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1883, was $110.98. I Unow of no port or place in Australia, not already represented by a consular offi- cer, where I would feel justified in recommending the establishment of a consular office. III. I concur in the recommendation of the consul at Sydney that the consnlar agency at Newcastle should be raised to the rauk of a consulate, with a salary at- tached of $1,500 per annum. In view of its diminished importance as a whaling sta- tion, the consulate at Hobart, Tasmania, might be reduced to the rank of a consular agency. I would, however, call the attention of the Department to the reasons urged by Mr. Webster, in the accompanying copy of his report, for retaining the present rank of the consular office at Hobart. IV. The expenses of living in Australia are exceptionally high. It costs more to live in Melbourne than in New York City. Consequently, the compensation of our consular officers is considered very moderate. An university professor, or the head- master of a denominational college, receives a larger salary than the United States <;on8ul-general, whilst the salary of a Government clerk of the first class, in one of the Departments is $3,750. Still, unless the scale of compensation of our consular officers is raised, I would not feel warranted in recommending an increase of salary at this port. I would respectfully recommend that the following scale of compensation be adopted ibr our consnlar officers in Australasia : Consul-general, Melbourne $4,500 Consul at Sydney 2,. 500 •Consul at Auckland 2, 000 Consul at Newcastle (if promoted) 1, 500 ■Consul or consular agent, Hobart, from 250 to 500 With regai-d to the consular agencies, I would say that the minimum of compensa- tion should be an amount sufficient to cover the incidental expenses of the office, ranging from $250 to $500, according to the locality. With this in view, I would fnrther reeommfud that the consular agents at Adelaide and Albany be allowed the following salaries : Consular agent, Adelaide -. $500 •Consular agent, Albany 1 250 74 CONSULAR SERVICE. V. With regard to the allowance for clerk hire, I may say that I have expended on an average $250 per annum more than the Government appropriation. Still I wonld not recommend an increase. I concur, however, in the recommendation of Consul Kahio, that there should he an allowance of at least |600 per annum for the salary of a clerk at Sydney. VI. The duties of this office are manifold. Owing to the remoteness of the Aus- tralian colonies from London, the intercourse of the consuls-general with their vice- regal Governments is of a quasi diplomatic character. The correspondence of the office is excepti'inally large. Not a few Americans were attracted to Australia during the gold fever, many of whom have since died or failed to keep up a correspondence with their friends in America. The result is a large number of letters of inquiry relative to missing friends and the settlement of their estates. In such cases the information furnished the consul is frequently of the most vague and indefinite character, and when it is remembered that Australasia is nearly as large as all Europe, the amount of labor involved in prosecuting these inquiries is out of all proportion to the definite results obtained. Besides, the attention of Amer- ican manufacturers and merchants is being more and more attra;Cted to Australia as furnishing a promising market for their mannfaotnred products, and letters of inquiry are not unfrequeutly received regarding the trade and resources of the colonies, the answers to which involve scarcely less labor than the annual commercial report. Aside from the various official reports, the other business of the office is fairly rep-' resented in the quarterly returns. The fees received are mainly for services rendered on account of American vessels shipping, discharging, reclaiming, and protecting American seamen, and for the verification of invoice and debenture certificates. Although the business of the consulate has materially increased, the aggregate of fees re.oeived has sensibly diminished, owing partly to the reduction of several of the more important consular fees received at this office and partly ti) the fact that the business has been of a character not represented in the consular tariff. VII. If the provisions of the civil service reform bill were extended to our consular system I think there would be but little room left for airieiidraent or improvement. Until this is done I cannot conceive that it is possible for it to attain to tlie highest degree of efficiency of which it is cai)ablo. I do not know that I am prepared to suggest anything further, unless it be the re- peal of the act of Congress prohibit ing the payment of salaries to foreigners. If this be not done, in view of the fact that the Government has establislied many consular offices in localities where there are no American residents, the expense of maintaining the consular service under the new system will be increased enormously. The mini- mum compensation of a consular officer, sent out from the United States to the least important consular agency in Australia, should be at least $1,000, whilst a resident of the port would willingly undertake the discharge of the duties of the office in consid- eration of the payment by the Government of the contingent or miscellaneous ex- penses. Mr. Kablo, consul at Sydney, reports to the consul-general, in sub- stance, as follows : Ist. The necessity of the present consular offices in my jurisdiction is without a doubt, as will be seen by the quarterly returns, which show that the business in each office is on the increase, and especially is this the case at Sydney and Newcastle. 'M. I would recommend that; none of the existing offices be abolished, but that a consular agency be established at Nimmea, New Caledonia, as at present we have no representative in that colony, while the number of American ships visiting there and the trade with the United States has greatly increased of late years. 3d. In view of the great increase in the amount of business done at this office, and the one at Newcastle, I would suggest that this be continued a consulate under Schedule B, with an increased salary, and the one at Newcastle be advanced to a con- sulate under Schedule C; the consul at the latter port should, however, be allowed to engage in business. 4th. With regard to the salaries that should be allowed, I would say that your office should pay at least |5,000, the one at this port $3,500, at Newcastle |l,50b, at Brisbane |500, and the one at Noumea, in case there is one established there, |300. My reason for this increase at this office is, principally, on aocnunt of the cost of living in this colony. A family of six persons living /?Jai«Zj(, but comfortably, will necessarily expend per annum about as follows, viz: Rent, $1,000; table expenses, |l,a00; servants, $350; and wood, coal, and lights, |150; making a total of $2,700; and again, as the present compensation only permits my expending $400 per year for office rent, and the rents being exceedingly high in Sydney, I am compelled to use a small room on the third floor, to have it in a desirable part of the city, ^vhich is not only greatly to my inoonvenieuoe, but also to that of the persons who have business at the consulate. CONSULAK SERVICE, 75 I miglit mention in this connection that the French consul at this port receives a salaty of |5,000, besides the services of two cleilis, and the German coiisnl-genenil $7,500, neither of vfhose duties are as great as at this office. Eegardiug the consular agent at Newcastle, the fact that the business there has increased so of late years is sufficient to entitle him to the salary suggested. 5th. The necessity of clerical assistance at this port is evidenced by my being obliged, at present, to pay $600 out of my own salary for a clerk, andl would suggest that at least that amount be allowed. 6th. The principal duties of this office are, first, the authentication of invoice cer- tificates ; .secondly, ship's business ; third, answering of correspondence received from American manufacturers regarding the introduction of their goods into this colony ; fourth, authentication of debenture certificates, &c. Those at Newcastle and Bris- bane are almost exclusively with ship's business. 7th. I may also suggest, with respect to the general subject of reorganizing, or modifying the present consular service, that in deciding the amount of salary to be paid the consular officers, too much prominence should not be given those collecting the greatest amount of fees to the exclusion of considering the cost of living and the number of inhabitants in the consular district. Consul Webster, at Hobart, Tasmania, suggests : Ist. Although the actual business here at present is small, there is always some business to be transacted, connected with sKipping and in other ways, which renders the necessity for and importance of a consular office as great relatively as in any other Australian seaport. The consumption of American products is considerable, and is increasing, owing to the general advance in the population and trade of the colony, which I believe-'will continue. Hitherto the imports have been mainly via Mel- bourne, but vessels direct from American ports have been of late arriving, and are now to call here regularly. There are, as you are aware, other duties devolving upon a consular representative, such as furnishing reports to the Department, and health reports. The numerous in- quiries for information from citizens of the United States involve a good deal of wonble, and the absence of a consular office would, at times, be much felt. The insular position of Tasmania is, in my juc gment, an additional argument, if any be needed, for the existence of a consular office at its capital. Consul Griffin, at Auckland, Kew Zealand, reports : The services of a consular officer are required at the various ports of New Zealand at which American Vessels touch. Besides the services rendered by him to the mas- ters of vessels, he is the means of preventing injustice being done to the seamen, in superintending their discharge, and in sett iug disputes in regard to wages, &c. His services are also useful in promoting the trade and commerce between the United States and 'the colony. The information he possesses, and which by virtue of his position he is enabled to obtain, is often of great value to his counorymen. A full consul could with advantage be sent to iDiinedin, where the trade between that port and the United States is constantly increasing. The act of March 3, 1875, exempt- • ing the cousul at Aucliland from the prohibition in regard to trade, should be re- pealed. When a chief consular officer engages in business of any kind, it awakens jealousy amongst other merchants and impairs his usefulness. The evils resulting from business transactions on the part of a consul are too patent to be dwelt upon here. The rank of the consul at Auckland should, I think, be increased to that of consul-geijeral, and his jurisdiction should extend to the Fiji, Tonga, and Samoau Islands. The former group is connected by steam with Auckland, through the ves- sels of the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand. The city of Auckland is situated in one of the richest agricultural districts in. the southern hemisphere. Its geographical position, its superb liarbor, its vast shipping interest, timber industry, coal mines, and its manufactories all tend toward making it the most important city in New Zealand. For many years ir. has al)Sorbed more than two-thirds of the trade between the South Sea Islands and this colony. It is also the terminus of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, the only line of steamers runfling between New Zealand and the United States. The position of consul-general would be fully appreciated in New Zealand. 1st. The salary of the consul-general at Auckland should not be less than $5,000 per annum. The salary of the consul at Dunediu should be $2,000. The agent at Christchurch, $400 ; Wellington, $400, and Russell, $400. 2d. The services of a clerk are ueedeil at Auckland and at Dunediu. They are re- quired in keeping the books of the cousulate, in preparing triplicate invoices, and in ^ lightening the labors of the consul in collecting information and other material for his dispatches and reports to the Department of State. 3d. The duties of the officers at Auckland, Dunedin, Christchurch, and Wellington 76 CONSTTLAE SERVICE. are confined principally to sliip's business. At Russell his services are needed by the American whalers touching there. • 4th. I very much question the propriety of fixing a salary at a consular agency where the business of the office is too small to justify the establishment of a full consul. An American citizen is not always available, and the office has to be filled by some resident merchant, who is generally glad enough to take it with a small com- pensation. The present consular system of the United States is, I think, the finest in the world. I have reached this conclusion from what I could learn of the management of the foreign consulateN in the various cities that I have visited in Great Britain, Prance, Germany, and other countries. INDIA, Mr. Mattson, late consul-general at Calcutta, says : Isfc. I consider all the consular offices now in India necessary and important. 2d. It would not be advisable to abolish any of them, nor is it necessary to estab- lish any new ones. 3d. I would recommend that the grade be raised at Madras and Rangoon to consul of the third class, the others to remaiu as agencies. 4th. I would recommend that the salary at Madras be fixed at $1,000, and at Ran- goon at |750, and the agencies at $.500 each. No clerk hire or office rent required for any of them. As for the consul-general at Calcutta, I would only say that the present salary is wholly inadequate for his position, and that when the great expense of living in India and the cost of going and returning is fairly considered, iQs barely sufficient for his individual support, leaving nothing for his family at home. As for bringing his family to India and supporting them there, he could not do it for less than double the amount he now receives. 5th. The allowance for clerical assistance at Calcutta is hardly sufficient, and should be raised to $1,200. 6th. The principal duty of all the officers is to certify invoices and look after Amer- ican vessels and seamen. 7th. I make free to suggest, finally, that our consular officers in India are so hard worked and poorly paid, that no qualified man would ever thiuk of accepting any of those positions simply for the sake of the emoluments, nor could any one possibly live in India as a man of family should live without having recourse largely to private means, and that it is a matter of reproach to our great country that it does not pay its officers abroad a salary that will procure them a respectable living. At all the consular stations in India, excepting Calcutta, foreigners must be al- lowed to act, and of course to engage in other business, but it would be better if they were regularly commissioned officers with fixed salaries, even if such salaries were only a few hundred dollars, because it would give more stability and dignity to their positions. We areat present very fortunate in having in all those positions men of high social and financial standing, who care nothing for the pay, but serve the United States faithfully for the honor which such service coufeiB. CONSULATES IN DOMINIONS OP GREAT BRITAIN NOT HERETOFORE ENUMERATED. ADEN. At the entrance of the Red Sea, is a place of importance as a port of call for vessels passing through the Suez Canal. The official fees col- lected amount to some* $600 or more, but in a greater degree is it im- portant for the service rendered to travelers. An ofi&cer should be kept here, say a vice-consul, with a salary of $1,000. The post is by no means an attractive place of residence, and the compensation should in some degree reward the officer for his labors. ANTIGUA, Like all other West India consulates, is of great importance to the commercial interests of the United States. The close proximity to our CONSULAR SERVICE. 77 shores, the intimate commercial relations existing between those islands and the United States, the fact that the carrying trade between them p.nd our country is more largely carried on in American bottoms than in any other portion of the world, and the very extensive market which they offer for our productions and manufactures, combine to make the preservation of this office and all of the other principal consular offices in the West Indies of very great importance. It is believed that our consuls, by constant and well-directed efforts, have done much to de- velop the trade relations now existing, and that their labors in the near future will- shoy? even greater results. The consul at Antigua has a salary of but $1,500, increased somewhat by his share of consular agency fees. He should have not less than $2,000, and a sufficient appropriation for " contingent expenses of con- sulates" should be made to permit the Department occasionally to pay the expenses of an inspecting tour among the various small islands under his jurisdiction. The consular agencies of Anguilla, Dominica, Monserrat, Nevis, and Portsmouth are under the jurisdiction of Antigua. With the exception of Dominica, these may be made, tor the present, honorary vice-consulates. The vice-consul at Dominica, where some $600 in fees are received, should receive a salary of, say, $500. The commercial agency at St. Christopher may be made a vice-consulate under Antigua, with a salary of $300. BARBADOES stands on the same footing as Antigua. The consul has a salary of $] ,500, and should have $2,000, if all fees are to be returned to the Treasury, and the two consular agencies at St. Lucia and St. Vincent may for the present be made vice-consulates with small salaries. BATHUKST. {See Africa.) BELIZE, BRITISH HONDURAS. The consul retains his fees, amounting to $900, smA has no salary. The rapidly increasing trade with Central America, both in exports and imports, which, through the establishment of new lines of com- munication, is growing in importance, and should be carefully guarded and jealously fostered, requires that this post should be taken out of the category of trading consulates, and by giving to it a living salary the services may be secured of an officer who will devote his whole time and energy to the care of his countrymen and their interests. E^o one will go to Belize for the fees alone, for they are not enough for support, and no one should go there as consul to engage in a business in which he may be the rival of his fellow citizens with the advantage of his official position to aid him. A salary of $2,000 may possibly secure the services of a competent and trustworthy officer capable of protecting and of aiding the increase of our export trade. BERMUDA. The consul receives a salary of $1,500. The fees turned into the Treasury are about $2,000 per annum. As the post is a pleasant resi- dence, near the United States, and the duties are confined to the certi- fication of invoices of agricultural products where there is little oppor- 78 CONSULAR SERVICE. tunity of undervaliiatioii or^fraud upon the revenue, no change in com- pensation is recommended.* As there is considerable trade with the island and as it is much visited by Americans, it is well, under any cir- cumstances, to retain an officer at the post. CAPE TOWN. {See Africa.) CEYLON. No consul cau live on the salary of 1 1,500, now allowed, unless he has private means. The cost of reaching the post is sufficient to deter any poor man from accepting it, as the Government does not pay trans- portation. An officer should be retained here to look after shipping interests, the interests of travelers, and the exports to the United States. Some $500 is taken in for the Treasury as invoice fees. Es- timated on the present insufficient compensation, the connsul should receive at least $2,000, although a larger sum could properly be allowed. The consular agencies of Jaffna and Pointe de Galle should be retained as honorary vice-consulates. DEMEKABA. This, the only consulate in British Guiana, is situated at Georgetown, the capital ; the salary is $3,000, and the notarial ft'es do not increase it materially. The trade of Demerara with the United States is increas- ing, and the officer th re is charged with the usual duties of a consul at a seaport town, as well as those pertaining to invoices. Two sef)arate lines of steamers have been established between this post and New York and Philadelphia, so that, while formerly the dif- ficulties of transportation and price of freight prevented any except large firms owning, vessels from doing business with the island, the better facilities have reduced freights from $2 to 35 cents ,per barrel, and will necessarily increase trade very materially. About ninetj" American vessels touch at this port annually, besides others trading with the United States, throwing upon the consul the duty of caring for add relieving many seamen. The annual crop of sugar is worth very nearly $15,500,000, of which an amount ^'alued at about $4,700,000 was exported in 1882 to the United States. Demerara is a prosperous British colony, and the importation of food supplies from the United States renders it a good market for American goods ; with skillful management the demand for manufactures, iron- ware, and cotton especially can be increased. The population of the island is 252,000, and the area 176,000 square miles. The expenses of living and house rent are great, and the salaries of the British officials are said to be nearly double those given in the adjacent West Indian colonies. The wealthier population do not settle there permanently or build houses, so that a desirable residence is dif- ficult to obtain at any price. The climate is so bad that since 1866 the British Government has refused to send white troops there, George- town and the surrounding country for 100 miles being 5 feet below the sea level and protected by dikes and walls. It is marshy and badly drained, which, added to the extreme heat, renders it a very unhealthful post. Frequent absences are necessary to preserve health. The cost of a trip to and from the United States with a family is about $500 CONSULAR SERVICE. -79 by sailing vessel and $700 by steamer, the distance being 2,400 miles. Two American consuls have died of yellow fever, and the i)resent in- cumbent of the post has had it twice. The present consul is a most efficient and valuable officer, but the salary ($3,000) is manifestly in- sufficient to enable the Government to depend upon securing the serv- ices of a competent officer at a place of this nature. At least $4,000 should be allowed him. The usual allowance to clerks by business houses at Georgetown is from $1,200 to $8,000 each, and an allowance for one clerk, who may also act as vice-consul, should made. GIBKALTAB Is a port of call for American vessels going to or from the Mediter- ranean. A consular officer is here indispensable to attend to the in- terests of sailors and shipping. If all fees, unofficial as well as official, are to come to the Government, the consul should be allowed $2,000 salary. He now receives $1,500 and unofficial fees. HONG-KONG. This is a commercial consulate of the first rank. The salary is $4,000, and the unoflScial fees amount to about $1,500. From a purely com- mercial point of view, this is probably the most important post in the East; nor is it without value politically and as a point of observation as the seat of an English colonial government upon the Chinese coast. Many lines of steamers call at Hong-Kong, many sailing vessels resort there, and many American citizens reside there, engaged in commercial pursuits. Delicate and difficult questions arising from the shipping laws are constantly presented to the consul for decision, and the pres- ence of the colonial government gives his office a quasi diplomatic character of some importance. All fees being turned into the Treasury, their loss should be made up to the consul by an Increase of $1,000 in his salary, placing it at $5,000 per annum. A commercial agent, salary $1,000, is now stationed at this point. The law permits the consul to trade. The islands of the Pacific are gradually assuming a political importance which they have not hereto- fore possessed, and as posts of observation they are becoming every day more important. Here is probably also to be found a market for our exports, especially from California, and probably the services of a con- sul sufficiently compensated to live upon his salary would prove of sub- stantial benefit to the country. A resident of the islands or an Ameri- can in trade there cannot, of course, give that undivided and unpreju- diced attention to his country's interests which may be expected from a properly paid officer, having none but Governmental business in charge. This office should be made a vice-consulate, with a salarj' of $1,000, as at present, or a consulate with a salary of $2,000. The latter is deemed the more expedient, but is not so important as the increase of comijensa- tion at many other posts. MXH± (SEYCHELLES). Consul, $1,500. This is a post to aid seamen and shipping. It is not a desirable place of residence, but this is not of sufficient importance to 80 CONSULAR SERVICE. authorize an increase of salary. Eecomniended that it be continued a consulate, with a salary as at present, $1,500. . MALTA. An important point of observation, as all news from the Levant centers here ; being a port of call for many steamships, it has some commercial importance, and some importance as an aid to travelers. Its political value is, however, what most commends it to the care of the Government, as all official news from there should come through an American, and not a foreigner. During the Anglo- Egyptian war its value was greatly felt. Eecommended that the present rank and salary ($1,500) be re- tained. NASSAU (BAHAMAS). The exports to the United States are important (the ofl&cial fees reaching some $1,000), and imports from the United States are consider- able. Very many citizens of the United States resort every year to this island seeking health ; some have large property interests there. To at' end to the trade, but more particularly to aid his fellow-country- men (mauy of whom come to the island seriously ill), the presence of a discreet and competent officer is necessary. A consul, with the present salary of $2,000, should be retained. Under Nassau are the agencies of Dunmoretown, Governor's Harbor (Eleuthera), Green Turtle Cay, and Mathewtown, of importance only as regards the export trade to the United States. Considerable business is done at Governor's Harbor and Mathewtown, where a vice-consul (salary $250) may be retained, the other ports being made honorary vice-consulates. SIERRA LEONE. {See Africa.) ST. HELENA. This lonely and distant consulate, with a salary of but $1,500, offers few inducements to an American to leave his home and at his own ex- pense, to travel some 8,000 miles at a cost of at least $300 for himself alone, and if accompanied by his wife of some $600, or about one-half his first year's salary. The consul's duty is entirely confined to the difficult, delicate, and dis- agreeable task of caring for, protecting, and aiding our seamen, princi- pally whalers. The usual number of whaling vessels calling at St. He- lena once or twice a year is about thirty. They call for supplies, to ship seamen, and transship their bone and oil. On twenty-two of them which called there in March and April, 1883, there were six hundred seamen, about one-half of whom were discharged, reshipped, or trans- ferred from one vessel to another before the fleet sailed. Many disputes had to be settled, and numerous delicate quiestions dealt with. Besides the whalers there are several American vessels which touch at the isl- and each year on their homeward voyage from India and the East, which have disabled American seamen to discharge or mutinous crews to be put in order. To reach the island a consul must first go to London and thence to St. Helena by steamers, sailing every three or five weeks, alternately. As before stated, the expense of the trip for a single person is at least $300, no reductions being allowed on the Cape steamship lines. The fees for the fiscal year' ending June 30, 1883, were over $1,600. There CONSULAR SERVICE. 81 is aothing to attract any one to t\je post, and should the present very competent consul resign, it is doubtful whether it can be satisfactorily filled at the present compensation ; none but an officer well read in ship- ping law, discreet, and of good judgment should be sent; possibly such an officer could be secured for a salary of $3,500, as, except when a ship calls, there is little to do. Should the whalers give up calling at this port, the post will cease to be of importance. TRINIDAD Is supplied with a consul paid by fees which amount to something over $2,000. "What has been said about Antigua and Damerara applies to this post, and the office should be retained at a salary of $2,000. TURK'S ISLAND. The consulate bearing this name is situated on Grand Turk, the largest and most important island of the group. The principal exports are salt and sponges. The total exportation of the former article, dur- ing the past year, was 1,542,084 bushels, nearly all of which came to the United States. N"othing of any consequence is raised on the islands and consequently they are large importers. It is believed that our commerce can be further, extended by the presence of a consul, and it is therefore repommended that the present office, with a salary of $1,500, be retained, and that the consular agencies at Cockburn Harbor and Salt Cay be retained as honorary vice-consulates. Gr R E E C E . The present consular force consists of a consul-general at Athens, who is also minister resident (and who receives a salary of $6,500 per annum). A consul at Patras, compensated by fees (some $200 per annum), an agent, each, at Oephalonia, Corfu, Pirseus, Syra, and Zante. At these posts the teceipts are insignificant. An honorary officer should be con; tinned at each, except at Patras and Zante, where a vice-consul should be provided with a salary of $501) aad $250, respectively, per annum; the former to supervise the several offices named under the general direction of the minister at Athens, who is, as has already been stated, consul-general. GUATEMALA. ((See Central America..) HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. The consulate at Honolulu should be continued at the present salary of $4,000, with an allowance of $1,000 for clerk hire. The political and commercial importance of these islands is too well known to require comment. The consular agencies at Hilo and Kihului should be continued as V ice-consulates. The receipts from them are not considerable. H. Ex. 121 6 82 CONSULAR SERVICE. HAYTI. The consular service in Hayti is superintended by the minister at Port-au-Prince, who is also consul-general. Besides the consul-general there is also a salaried consul at Cape Haytien, a commercial agent compensated byfeeg at St. Marc, and seven consular agencies, one at each of the following places : Jacmel, Aux Cayes, Jeremie, Miragoaue, Petit Goave, Gonaives, Port du Pix. In 1881 the gross fees collected were $4,100.08, and in 1880 $2,822.80. The years 1880 and 1882 were years of unusual business depression in Hayti. Most of the consular agents are not American citizens, and in- deed it has been found impracticable in most of the ports to find an American citizen willing to fill the consular position without salary. Here, therefore, as elsewhere, if the services of salaried otiBcers are to be obtained, and the fee system by which they have heretofore been partly compensated is to be abolished, it will be necessary to change the existing laws, and to authorize the accounting ofScers of the Govern- ment to pay salaries to officers, not citizens of the United States, or to increase very materially the appropriation of $10,000, now made for that purpose, unless salaries are to be sufficiently large to induce Amer- ican citizens to go to the island, which is not at present recommended. It is suggested that all consular offices in Hayti be continued as heretofore in the same relativee rank; that the consul-general at Port au Prince, who now has $1,000 for clerk hire, be allowed an additional sum, bringing it up to $1,500, so that he may secure the services of a clerk who can act as vice and deputy consul-general when the minister and consul general is attending to bis important diplomatic duties both in Hayti and San Domingo, to which he is also accredited. The officer at Cape Haytien should be a consul with a salary at the present rate — $1,000. It is suggested that the subordinate officer at Gonaives and the one at Port de Paix be allowed $250 per annum. The other posts to be filled, by honorary officers, except at St. Marc, where a vice-consulate may be established with a salary of $400. HONDURAS. (See Central America.) ITALY. There is a consul-general at Rome, who is also secretary of legation! As a matter of fact his legation duties take so much of his time as to make it difficult for him to do more than generally direct and supervise the consulate-general, a^d the deputy consul-general attends to the deta and one at Osaka and Hiogo. The duties at all these posts are similar, and, as in China and Turkey, involve not only the performapce of the commercial duties pertaining to the office of consul, but likewise, the holding of courts, the hearing and decision of civil and criminal actions in which an American citizen is defendant, and a share in the municipal government of the foreign colonies. : : KANAOAWA. The most important post is that'of the consul-general at Kanagawa, where the commercial interests are greatei- than at any other Japanese port, and where, necessarily, the judicial business is correspondingly large. The consul-general also. has general supervision over the other consulates in Japan, and participates, as do the consuls, respectively at the other posts, in the municipal government of that portion of the city set apart to foreigners. The importance of these offices is appar- ent. The great power vested in the consuls demands the presence of trained officers of good judgment, who are also competent lawyers. The consul-general at Kanagawa now receives a salary of $4,000 per annum. It is thought the present salary should be increased to at least $6,000 CONSULAR SERVICE. 85^ per annum. The other two consulates should be continued, and it is- recommended that the salary of each, now fixed at $3,000, be increased to $4,000, and that clerk hire be allowed to each of these consulates, at the following rates : Kanagawa, which now receives $1,500, to be allowed a vice-consul- general with a salary of $2,000. Nagasaki, to be allowed $1,500 for a vice-consul. Osaka and Hiogo to be allowed $1,500 for a vice-consul. As to the clerk hire allowances, Mr. Van Buren, consul-general at ■ Kanagawa says : I desire to urge upou the attention of the Department, and if possible upon that of Congress, the propriety, if not the absolute necessity for the good of the service, of having vice-consuls paid salaries at all posts where consuls are salaried. The diffi- culty of securing the consent of any proper person to serve in that capacity in the East, and I presume everywhere else, is very great. This difficulty is now, and has been for some time past, exemplified at Hiogo in this empire. Absolutely no fit person could be obtained to serve there as vice-consul, and when the consul had become so reduced through the course of illness as to be no longer able to perform his duties I was obliged to cable to the Department for permission to appoint as vice-consul at that post temporarily a consular clerk on" duty at this con- sulate-general. The remedy for this state of things is simple and sure. Let vice-con- suls be paid a fair salary, for which, while the chief consular officer is on duty, they should perform the duties of clerk. This would provide the consulates with good clerks, would enable the vice-consuls to become practically acquainted with the duties of the office they might be called upon at any moment to perform, and would not be very much more expensive than the present system, while far more efficient. No stronger illustration of the excellent working of.such a system could be afforded than is found in my own office. My present vice and deputy consul-general, Mr. George E. Rice, has been for a long time employed here as a clerk and general manager of the shipping and invoice office, receiving the salary of interpreter a part of the time, l$l,500 per year, and the other part $2,000. The value of his services cannot be over- estimated. He has made himself master of the various duties required in his depart- ments * * * and during my late absence in the United States he performed very , creditably the duties of this post. Certainly the service would be greatly benefited by having at each important consulate a person thus trained and prepared for an emergency, hut this cannot be done without providing salaries. The salary of the vice-consul-general at this and similar posts should be at least $3,000. As in other countries where the right of extraterritorial jurisdiction is granted to this Government, other expenses, must be provided for in addition to the salaries of the consuls, and their clerks and the usual contingent expenses of consular offices. The representative of the United States at one of these posts is nob only a consul doing commer- cial business, guarding the revenue, encouraging and fostering trade, and protecting American interests, but he is also in some sense a mayor at most of the offices, also a postmaster with a very considerable mail to handle, and at all of them, a judge holding a court which adjudicates the most important civil and criminal cases. For our citizens, he is as consul, a combination in one, of the civil, legislative, and judicial branches of the Government. As consul, postmaster, and civil admin- istrator, he needs clerical assistance ; as judge, he needs constables or marshals, a clerk of court, and in all these capacities, he needs an honest,, trustworthy interpreter, for on his interpreter not only the financial interests, but in a possibly supposable case, the very life of an American citizen may depend. Besides all this, as a consul must have rest; as he may be ill ; as he may resign or die, and so leave a vacancy, some competent person should be ready-trained and prepared to take his place during the temporary emergency. No service in the East is so insignificantly compensated or is so meager in assistance as our own, yet, none has greater political interests to guard ; and, barring perhaps Great Britain, none has greater financial and commercial interests to protect and foster. To any one familiar with our service and that of 86 CONSULAR SERVICE. other countries, it must be a matter of astonishment that upon the ab- solutely insufficient compensation and assistance allowed them, such good officers have been secured. The difficulties which they struggle under; the labors and responsibilities to which they are unjustly sub- jected, no one can appreciate who has not made the details of the serv- ice a careful study. LIBEEIA. « {See i^frica.) MADAGASCAR, ("See Africa, under head of Tamatave.) MEXICO. Mr. Sutton, consul-general at Matamoros, having jurisdiction over consulates in Northern Mexico, reports: By the circular of March 28, 1883, I am directed to report my general views aa to the reorgauizatiou of the cousulaf service. I heartily favor the proposed reorganiza-^ tion which will place all ofdces ou a definite salaried basis, yet I- am not qualified to speak intelligently as to the needs of other than the consular offices in Northern Mex- ico (not including the Pacific coast). The necessity for and importance of the present consular offices in Northern Mexico are (1; to guard the revenues of the United States ; to prevent undervaluations and smuggling ; (2) to guard and protect the interests of American residents in their respective districts ; and (3) to obtain statistics and com- mercial information and forward the same to the Department. The necessity and importance of these offices have largely increased within the last two years, and will continue to increase in the future. TJiis is caiised by the immense amount of American capital which is being Invested all over this section in railways, mining, grazing, and mercantile pursuits. The money value of these investments runs way up into the millions, and needs, deserves, and will demand careful consular protection. The vice-consulate at G-uerrero should be changed to a consular agency and placed under the Matamoros office. Guerrero, Mier, and Camargo are all opposite to American towns on the Texas side where are deputy collectors under the collector of customs at Brownsville, Tex. At Gamargo, and Mier are agencies and if the office at Guerrero was also an agency under the Matamoros office, much loss of revenue from smuggling and undervalnatiou could be saved to the United States. From a careful consideration of all the circumstances I recommend the following salaries : Place. Office. Salary. Matamoros Santa Craz Point - - Camargo Mier Guerrero Nnevo Laredo Gai'ita Gonzales . . . Piedras Negraa La Vaca Presidio del Norte . Paso del Norte (yhihiiahna Monterey Saltillo Tampico Consulate-general . Agency do ...do do Consulate Agency Consulate Agency , Consulate ...do ... do ...do ...do ...do $3,00« 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,00« 2,.!S00 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 COSSULAE SEEVIC?. 87 In reply to the fifth question, clerical assistance is needed at the consulate-general at Matamoros. I do not think that at present clerical assistance is needed at any other office herein named. The amount allowed at Matamoros is $800 per annum. This amount should be in- Msreased to $1,000 or |1,200, so as to enable me to more promptly dispatch correspond- •ence and reports. It is only proper for me to add that all the clerical assistance I have been allowed has been fully utilized, as the many and difficult reports which I have forwarded to the Department will bear evidence. Any further increase will be used in the same manner for the benefit of the Department. The principal duties of the offices* in Northern Mexico are as follows : Tampioo: Certification of invoices and duties regarding American vessels and sea- men. , Matamoros: Supervisionof the bonded imports; supervision of the agencies; main- tenance of local diplomatic relations, by which means we secure mutual good will and better enforcement of the laws on this frontier ; certification of invoices, and guard- ing against undervaluations and smuggling out Of Mexico into the United States. The consular officer of the United States at Matamoros must also have a thorough tuowledge of Mexican, Texan, United States, and international law and extradition "to enable him to give proper advice to interested parties and malie intelligent reports on all these subjects to the Department. Santa Cruz Point: Checking and certifying to the landing of bonded goods; the agent is allowed to sign nothing but a landing certificate. Camargo : Certification of invoices and signing of landing certificates. Mier : Certification of' invoices and signing of landing certificates. Guerrero : Certification of invoices. Nuevo Laredo : Supervision of agency and certification of invoices. Garita Gonzales : Checking and certifying to the landing of bonded goods, Monterey : Certification of invoices. Sallillo : Certification of invoices. Piedras Negras : Certification of invoices, and probably now or soon signature to some landing certificates. , Agetiey at La Vaea : When established, certification of invoices. Presidio del Norte : Watching, smiiggling and' Indians and reporting promptly as tO the same. Paso del Norte : Certification of invoices and signing of landing certificates. Chihuahua: Certification of invoices and reports as to Indians. In all theprincipal of these offices, as Matamoros, Nuevo Laredo, Tampioo, Monterey, Saltillo, Piedras Negras, Paso del Norte, and Chihuahua, the efficient consular officer will make careful reports at intervals upon commercial matters, particularly tho^e affecting American interests. This is a large field, and excepting the reports made from this office very little has «ver been done. . ' With a reorganized consular force all this should and doubtless will be changed for the better. Besides the principal duties there are many minor duties which upon occasion have to be promptly done. The consul must show everybody around. If the visitor has a plan for a telephone, for a street-oar line, for a system of electric light, paving streets, •opening roads, for telegraph lines, or any other enterprise, the consul must introduce him to the proper parties, and give all due and reasonable assistance. ' Another of these minor duties of the consul at Matamoros has been to get his fel- low-citizens out of jail. I believe in a simple and practical civil service for the con- sular service. I believe that an officer who is capable and zealous in the discharge of his duties should be retained without the least regard for his politics. I believe that, as a general rule, capacity, zeal, and industry in the consular service ehould be rewarded by promotion when vacancies occur. I will not here and now discuss the subject of appointments. I will suggest, how- ever, that one or two hundred young men might be appropriately trained by the De- partment, and the consular officers needing agents or clerks might report to the De- partment, stating the class of services needed, and the Department could thereupon detaij suitable persons from among those previously trained. Even if the salary should be sn)all for the first few years, its comparative perma- nence and the reasonable assurance of promotion would enable the Department to get and retain first-class talent. RENT. I would respectfully recommend that each and every consulate be allowed an amount of rent equal to 25 per cent, of the salary of that office. For rent for agencies an amount not exceeding 25 per cent, of the salary, said a,mouut to be fixed by the Department after report from the consul. 88 CONSULAR SERVICE. I would also further suggest that the duties of- the consul are not entirely confined to his ofiBce and to ofSce hours. It has seemed to me, from the circumstances of the case, that the allowances for rent should cover not only oflSce, but house-rent. Care should of course be taken that the office rooms are first class and in every way suitable. The remaining por- tion of the 25 per cent, should, in my opinion, be available under proper restrictions for house rent. It will be unnecessary to pay any salaries to aliens in Northern Mexico. For all classes of consular offices, American citizens can be found. If at any time no Ameri- can citizen should be a permanent resident, it would be proper to close the office. It will be noticed that I recommend salaries for the consulates at Monterey, Saltillo, Chihuahua, and Presidio del Norte of $1,000. This will allow those officers to en- gage in business. It would generally be preferable if these offices could be filled by persons who could give the duties of the office sufficient time, and who would not be directly interested in the export of Mexican products to the United States or the receipt of bonded goods from Europe. ACAPULCO. This seaport on the west coast should be retained as a consulate at the present salary of $2,000 per annum. The agency at Tehuantepec and Salina Cruz should be re- tained as a vice- consulate with a salary of $250 per annum. CONOEPOION DEL OEO May be retained ae an honorary vice-consulate. GUAYMAS. This consulate, on the Guli of California, with a salary of $1,000, should be raised in grade, with a salary of at least $2,000. LA PAZ, Now a consulate compensated by fees, amounting to some $400 per annum, should be retained. It is in Lower California, on the Gul^ and very difficult of access ; small American trading vessels call there. For the protection and care of our citizens, an officer should be retained here, and a vice-consul, with a salary of $1,000, is recom- mended. The agencies at Magdalena Bay and at San Joe4 and Cape St. Lucas should be retained as vice-consulates, with salaries of $500 each. MANZATSriLLO AND MAZATLAN. A vice-consulate, with a salary of $500, is suggested for Manzanillo, and the same recommendation is made for Mazatlan. At each of the agencies of Altata and Guadalupe y Calvo the services of an honor- ary vice-consul can probably be secured. MEEIDA. This is an important city of Mexico, of 48,000 inhabitants, and the capital of. thef Province of Yucatan. The exports are chiefly rope, hides, and hammocks. Our in- terests in this province require the presence of a consular officer, and it is recommended' that the present consulate be retained, wiih a salary of $2,000 per annum. It is further suggested that a vice-consulate be established at Progreso, with a salary of $1,000. Progreso is the port of Merida, and is of great importance as a shipping point, five lines of steamers touching there regularly. 'CITY OP MEXICO. At Mexico City there is now a consul-general with a salary of $2,000. If all fees go •■ o the Treasury, this office should receive a salary of $2,500. This is deemed insuffi- cient, but is based upon the present allowance. CONSULAR SERLICE. 8^ SAN BLAS. This is ndw a consulate compensated by fees amounting to some $500, like Manzanillo and Mazatlan, is a seaport lown on the west coast, a port of call for coasting steamers and the objective terminus of a lailroad. It will, in the immediate future, become an important point. For the present, however, a vice consulate, with a salary of |500 only, is suggested. SAN LTJIS POTOSI. San Luis Potosi is a town (population, 31,000) near'the source of the Rio Grande A oonsulate has recently been established there, and it is thought important, in view of our increasing interests in this section, to retain it. The salary should be $1,000^ TUXPAN. This is a seaport consulate, compensated by fees amounting to some $700. A vice- consulate, salary |1,000, is recommeded. VERA CEUZ. Vera Cruz is a very important office. The consul receives $3,000 as salary, and some fees from his subordinate agencies. All fees being abolished, he should b& allowed not less than $3,500. The town is hot and unhealthy, but its position as the- port of Mexico City, in addition to its own importance, requires the presence of a very competent and discreet officer. Under Vera Cruz are the following agancies : COATZACOALCOS. ' This may be made a vice-consulate, with a salary of $250 per annum. FRONTERA. Considerable business is done here, and the official fees amount to about $600. A. viee-consul, salary $500, should be provided. MINATITLAN,, Minatitlan is now a consular agency, on the Gulf of Mexico, under Vera Cruz. The- fees are small, and the business of no great importance. It is thought well, however, to create a vice-consulate there with a salary of $250 per annum. ZACATECAS. Because of American mining interests, an honorary vice-consul should be kept at t his point. CONSULAR SERVICE OF MEXICO AND CANADA. Suggestions as to the consular service in Mexico and Canada cannot be regarded as of permanent value. The proximity of these two coun- tries to the United States;, their rapid development and growth; the establishment of new railroad and steamship lines, shifting the course of trade ; the transfer of American capital ; the constant stream tJf emigration and immigration ; the growth of new towns and the decline of old ones may reverse to-morrow the decision of to-day. Very con- siderable discretion should be allowed the executive branch of the Gov- ernment in dealing with the consular service in both these neigboring countries that may be easily and promptly exercised in the interests of trade as the necessities of the case may demand. so CONSULAK SERVICE. MUSCAT. A consul is stationed at Muscat and compensated by fees, which are insignificant in amount. In accordance with the general recommenda- tion that none but Americans should be allowed the rank of consul in the service, and as it is doubtful whether one can be secured for a post which gives no remuneration, it is recommended that the post be made that of an honorary vice-consulate, to be filled by a foreigner, if neces- sary. . NETHfiELAlfDS. The consular service of the United States in the Netherlands con- 4sists of a consul at Amsterdam, one at Rotterdam, and a consular agent each at Flushing and Schiedam. AMSTEEDAM. The trade between this port and the United States is large and is growing every year. Like most of the cities of Europe, Amsterdam is a place of resort for many Americans. The post should therefore be retained on account of its commercial importance, and because of the aid it affords to citizens of the United States who visit the city, and to American citizens, natives of Holland, who still retain interests there. The total value of goods invoiced during the year ending December 31, 1882, is estimated at about $3,000,000. The duties of the office, in addition to the usual one of protecting the revenue, comprise relief and protection to seamen visiting the port, gen- eral supervision of American trade and interests, with reports thereon, and giving advice and aid to American citizens and emigrants. The salary is $1,500, and the total emoluments of the office are about 42,000. It 18 recommended that a salary of $2,000 be allowed. ROTTERDAM. What has been said of Amsterdam applies with even greater force to Rotterdam. The salary is $2,000, and the emoluments of the office, being the total compensation, to something over $3,000. The value of goods invoiced during the year ending December 31, 1882, was about $3,000,000. It is recommended that a salary of $2,500 be allowed at this office. SCHIEDAM. A subordinate officer should be kept at Sohiedg,m, whence there is a large export trade. Perhaps a salary of $500 would secure the services of a competent person. rfThe total value of goods invoiced at Schiedam during the year ending December 31, 1882. was $250,000. FLUSHING. J|While little business is done at this post, it is a port of call for ves- sels, and a subordinate officer without compensation should be main- tained to protect the interests of American seamen. Some moderate CONSULAE SERVICE. 91 ■compensation for duties actually performed, or some small allowance for expenses, may perhaps be necessary to secure the services of a com- petent resident of the town. NICARAGUA. {See Central America.) PEESIA. The minister at Teheran is the consul-general, and it i^ not advised that at present any change be made. The principal duty of this oiBcer is the protection of the many Americans, resident or traveling in the <;ouatry, particularly the missionaries. A. large band of these self-sac- riflcingand devoted men and women are hereemployed, who constantly need the advice, assistance, support, and protection which a minister alone can afford. This post cannot yield any considerable amount in fees, although the inquiries which have reached the Department in re- gard to Persian products seem to indicate that the attention of our merchants is being attracted to the country. Heretofore the courtesy of the oflScers of Great Britain has been availed of by American citi- zens seeking protection for their persons and property, and while these officers have cheerfully and cordially given their services, it does not ap- pear dignified or advisable for this Government to rely upon the aid of the oflQcers of another nation in fulfilling its duty towards our citizens. The post should, therefore, be retained as at present. As the office is a diplomatic one as well as a consular one it is deemed advisable, in view of the latter fact, to include an estimate in the accompanying schedule of estimates for consular officers. ' PEEU. There are now inPeru consulates at Callao, Iquique, and Lambayeque, and several consular agents. The fees returned from all these offices are inconsiderable, amounting in gross in the year ending June 30, 1882, to $2,084. The consul at Callao alone receives a salary. CALLAO. This is the most important seaport, and the principal trading town in Peru. The salary of the consul is now $3,500, and the unofficial fees do not materially increase his receipts. The duties are those of con- suls at seaport cities, and require good judgment and tact, together with familiarity with the statutes of the United States, the regulations of the consular sevice, and international and commercial law, and cus- toms. The situation of Callao suggests the propriety and advantage of plac- ing the other consuls in Peru under the supervision of the officer at the post; as this would materially increase his duties, it is thought that he should have an allowance for clerk hire of about $800, in addition to the salary of $3,500. While the total amount of goods exported during the year ending December 31, 1882, from this post was but about $50,000, the iniport- ance of our commercial and political relations with South America, and the possibility of their building up an export trade from the United 92 CONSULAR SERVICE. States, would suggest the propriety of making this, among other postSy one where the services of a very competent officer may always readily ,be secured and retained. IQUIQUB. A subordinate consular officer should be kept at the post, with a sal- ary of $1,000 per annum. The remuneration at the post is now about $1,484. The value of goods exported during the year ending December 31,. 1882, was $3,230,811. LAMBAYEQUE. Some business is done here, but the place is chiefly of importance because of its geographical situation, being accessible from points on the northern coast of Peru. This business could otherwise only be transacted at Callao. A subordinate officer should always be kept here, at a salary, say, of $1,000. There are various ports adjacent to Chiclayo (the port of Lambaye- que), Pimeutel, San Jos6, Eten, Chempe, Pacasmayo, and Truxillo, which are about equal in importance, and all of which might be readiljr served by the officer at Lambayeque, as they are easily Reached one from the other. It may be tbund advisable hereafter to establish hon- orary vice-consulates at these points, but, for the present, ho suggest tion to that effect is made. PAYTA. Payta is a consular agency, the fees received at which are insignifi- cant in amount. It would be advisable to continue a subordinate con- sular officer at this place, and to pay him a salary of, say, $500 per year. Payta has a commodious harbor, is the port of a very rich country,, has railroad interests already of some importance, and in time will pro- bably be the terminus of the railroad connecting the coast with the navigable waters of the Amazon. It is reported that this route is the most eligible, as the Andes can be crossed at an elevation much lower than at any other point in Peru. CHIMBOTE. A subordinate officer should be retained at this post, as there are considerable American interests in the vicinity. It is the best harbor north of Callao, in Peru, and had begun a highly promising career beforie the late war with Ohili. The salary should be about $500. A railroad, employing many citi- zens of the United States, terminates at this point. MOLLENDO. It is recommended that a subordinate consular officer, with a salary of $500, be provided for this post, as it will probably quickly develop into an important commercial city. It is the outlet, by rail, for the rich departments of Arequipa, Pino, and Ouzco, as well as for much of the trade from Bolivia. CONSULAR SEKVICE. 93 ARICA. A subordinate consular officer, with a salary of $500, should be placed hero, as the principal port in the neighborhood of the rich nitrate region. EECOMMENDATIONS. The salaries of the subordinate offices recommended for Peru is placed rather higher than at similar points in Europe, because of the difficulty of securing the services of discreet officers at these points without larger compensation than is required in some other countries. Place. Pres nt service. Kecommendations. Officer. Salary. Officer. Salary. Oallao $3, 500 $3, 500 i 000 Vice consul ..do Arica 500 None. ....do 1,000 500 Payta do . . ....do 500 ....do - 500 * Fees aiout i PORTUGAL AND DOMINIONS. I FATAL. The principal town of the Azores has some trade with the United States, especially with New England, which should be guarded ; but the great importance of the place arises from the fact that it is a port of resort for American vessels which there .provision, refit, and repair Whalers especially constantly put into Fayal, and the consul is occupied with the duties which arise from this fact, which are delicate and diffi- cult. The salary, $1,500 (with -permission to trade), is not sufficient to justify a citizen in leaving his home to repair to this port, where his ex- penses would largely exceed his receipts. The Government has fortu- nately been able to secure and retain the services of an American resident of the island and engaged in trade there, who has given careful atten- tion to its interests. No change is recommended for the present. Under F&yal are agencies at Flores, Giaciosa, Saint Georges, Saint Michaels, and Terceira. Except Saint Michaels, all may be made hoii orary vice-consulates ; the duties at all of them are similar to those at Fayal, but at Saint Michaels so many American vessels arrive, and so many seamen come to the agency for relief, that an appropriation of $500 is suggested for a vice-consul at that point. FUNOHAL, ISLAND OF MADEIRA. The consul receives $1,500 salary. This is not sufficient to support him, for the post is not inexpensive, but as the climate is good and the surroundings attractive, the Department has usually been able to find some one to fill it. There are several American houses on the islands and enough trade to justify the retention of an officer at an increased salary. It is recommended that the office be continued with a salary of $ -',000 per annum. 94 conpSular service. LISBON. The minister is consul-general. Of course it is necessary to have an officer with supervisory powers at this point, and the present arrange- ment, in spite of the inharmoniousness of the duties of a diplomatist and a consul, works as well as can be expected, thanks to the efforts of the present very competent incumbent. Under Lisbon are agencies at Faro, Oporto, and Setubal. The trade in Oporto is large enough to authorize the retention there of a vice-consul with a salary of $500. The othei- posts may for the present, during the experimental stage, be made hon- orary vice-consulates. MOZAMBIQUE. (See Africa.) SANTIAGO, CAPE VEEDE ISLANDS. An officer should be kept here especially for the purpose of aiding^ shipping and seamen. There is not much export trade except at Saiufc Vincent, an agency under Santiago. The post should be continued as a consulate, with a salary of $2,000, while Brara, Fogo, and Sol should be made honorary vice-consulates, Saint Vincent to have a vice-consul with a salary of $500. SAINT PAUL DE LOANDO. {See Africa.) EOUM ANIA. The minister is consul general, and there is a consul at Galatz com- pensated by fees which are insignificant in amount. It is recommended that no change be made, further than to change the designation of the unpaid consul to honorary vice-consul. EUSSIA. The present consular service in Russia consists of a " feed " consulate at Helsingfors, now vacant and which need not be retained at that grade ^ a " feed" consulate at Moscow ; a salaried consulate at Odessa ; a sal- aried consulate-general at St. Petersburg, and a "feed" consulate at Warsaw. Beside* these, there is a consular agency at Wyborg, one for Poti and Tiflis, one at Bostoff, one at Taganrog, and one each at Cronstadt, Bevel, and Biga. The consul-general at St. Petersburg has reported on this subject aS; f4%ws : The pecnliar laws of this country, the severity with which those relating to passports are enforced, and in general the manifold and exacting police regulations, render it important that Americans, resident and traveling, in Russia, should find in all the large commercial centers consular officers to whom they can appeal in case of need for aid and protection. The services of consular oflBcerN in Russia are constantly invoked by their fellow-citizens, who hav^ unwittingly infringed some police regulation. The importance of these appeals should not be overlooked, as they often involve not only material interests, but also the loss of personal liberty. There are at present eight consular officers in Russia, and considering the irjaifni- tnde of the country and the difficulty of conimunicaling with consular officers fiom the remoter parts of the empire, I think the consular corps should be increased rather than decreased. CONSULAR SERVICE. 95 The consul-general, in support of this suggestion, calls attention to the following cases, in each of which the presence of a consular officer would have greatly expedited matters : Winter before Jast an American citizen was left by a vessel in Arcliangel. He be- came destitute, and was imprisoned during tbe winter to keep him from starving! There was no one with whom I could communicate, and the man's necessities could only bo relieved through the medium of a merchant whose standing and character were wholly unknown to me, and who had little or no interest in caring for an Ameri- can in distress. In the summer of 1882 an American citizen was arrested and detained live months- in a Siberian prison, and but for the action of this consulate would doubtless still be there. The case » • * would hardly have occurred had the United States been represented by a consular officer. A month ago Mr. Arsenius, the agent of the Boston Exhibition Committee, was de- tained most inopportunely for several days on the Eusso-Persiaji frontier, notwith- standing all my efforts to obtain permission for him to pass into Persia. Such cases, owing to the carelessness of Americans in the matter of passports and their ignorance of the laws pf the land, are by no means of rare occurrence. In every instance the presence of a consular officer would have been of inestimable value t(> the interested pai'ties and a great assistance to the consul-general. Mr. Stanton, therefore, recommends that consular officers be appointed at Archangel, Libau, Tiflis, and one city, at least, in Siberia. The consul-general continues : A consular officer at Irkutsk would have rendered the Jeannette survivors material assistance during the last two summers, to say nothing of the American citizens resi- dent in Siberia, along the Amoor River. It is recommended that the following consular service be established Id Bussia : A subordinate officer at each of the following places : Eiga, Eevel^ Helsingfbrs, Archangel, and Libau, to be made subordinate to the con- sulate-general at St. Petersburg. These officers should either have a salary of $500 a year, or some allowance should be made to them for expenses if they are to be deprived of all fees. ST. PETEESBUKG. A consul-general, with a salary of $5,000. It is not believed that » consul can suitably represent his Government at as expensive a place of abode as this city on a less sum without encroaching upon his private means. MOSCOW. A S(tb6rdiuate consular officer should be kept at thjs post; it is sag gested that an appropriation oif $500 be made for his salary, and thai; he be given the rank of vice-consul. From $200 to $300 official fees are now rec^lysd t^^'e,:and trade from the United Stat«;s is increasing ; tWs, of coarse, cannot show in the fees. ODESSA. Odessa is an important port on the Black Sea. The consul's salary should be fixed at $2,500, and the subordinate officers of Poti and Tiflis, Eostoff and Taganrog, should be retained at a small salary. It is sug- gested that a vice-consul be named for eaeh of those posts, at a salary of $500. The importance of the port of Odessa is so well known that no argument is required to show the propriety of the suggestion now made. The consul now receives a salary of $2,000, and if all fees are to be turned into the Treasury, the increase to $2,500 is but just. S6 CONSULAR SERVICE. WARSAW. An officer should be retained here. The post is now filled by a gen- tleman, resident of the city, who receives no compensation. It is recom- mended that an appropriation of $500, eithA: in the form of salary or -as an allowance for expenses, be made. IRKUTSK. A consular officer should be appointed to this place for the protection ■of American citizens traveling or in business in Siberia. Probably the services of some resident could be secured, in which case an appropria- tion of about $500, either in the form of salary or as an allowance for ex- penses, would be advisable. It is suggested that for the present this course be pursued, and that the post be made a vice-consulate, under St. Petersburg. ARCHANGEL. It is suggested that a subordinate consular officer, at a small salary — say $500 — ^be appointed at this place, and that one also be appointed 3,t Helsingfors, now put down on the list as a consulate, but vacant. The places have but little commercial importance, but it is deemed •desirable that the United States should have at least one representative in Finland and on the White Sea coast. CRONSTADT. The completion in 1884 of the St. Petersburg ship-canal will render the Cronstadt agency superfluous, when it may be advantageously tiransferred to Libau, as an honorary vice-consulate under St. Petersr burg. SAF SALVADOR. {See Central America.) SAN DOMINGO. The consular service consists of a feed consul at Puerto Plata, a com- mercial agent at Samana, a consular agent at Azua, and one at Macoris, and a consul stationed at San Domingo, the capital city, with a salary of $1,500 — somewhat increased by the fees, which he is allowed by law to retain. This post is important, diplomatically as well as commer- cially. The business is considerable, and while a minister is accredited there and has charge of all diplomatic questions which arise, he neces- sarily resides at Port an Prince, Hayti, to which country he is also ac- credited. A large responsibility is therefore thrown upon the consul. The present remuneration is entirely insufficient. If the consul's share of fees is taken from him, it will be impossible for any citizen of the United States to leave his country to take the post, unless he possesses independent means, and the services of some resident must then be ob- tained, which would not be advisable. A salary of $2,500 per annum is as little as should be allowed this officer, and, except at Puerta Plata and Samana, where vice-consuls should be provided for, with salaries, CONSULAR SERVICE. 97 of $500 each per aDiium. no appropriation will be required for the con- sular service of the United States and San Domingo, as the posts of Azua and Macores can probably be filled readily with hoQprary vice- consuls. SEKVIA. The minister here also acts as consul-general. No change is recom- mended. The minister, being accredited also to Eoumania and Greece, cannot be constantly at his post, and it is suggested that $500 per an- num be allowed to compensate the officer who acts as vice-consul. Our commercial relations with Servia are not extensive, but it is believed these may be increased by the presence of experienced consular oiflcers. The chief article imported into Servia from the United States is petro- leum, the value of which importation amounts to about $500,000 annu- ally. SIAM. The minister h^re is also consul-general, and his salary is provided for in the diplomatic list, but should, in the opinion of the Department, be increased from its present figure of $5,000 to $7,500 per annum, with an allowance of $300 per annum for clerk hire, inasmuch as he has no secretary of legation, and as it is dilficult to secure the services of a competent assistant. SPAIN. Mr. Eeed, secretary of legation and consul-general at Madrid, says (the secretary of legation acts as consul-general) : MADRID. The consulate-general has proved to be of use and its continuance is recommended, as it not only relieves the legation of the general supervision of the dift'erent con- sulates in Spain, but it may also render valuable services in cases of fines, &c., im- posed upon onr vessels by the Spanish customs authoritiei^ 'In such cases the consul- general may treat in person with the minister of hacienda (finance) or the director- general of customs (which a minister or secretary of legation, properly spealiing, canuot do), and is tlius enabled to obtain the prompt dispatch of said cases, as will be seen by reference to my No. 4 of the 9th July last, relative to the Quickstep, vfhich vessfl was fined 1,123,362.10 pesetas by the customs authorities at Cadiz. Had this case gone through the old channel it would probably have been several days, if not ■weeks or eveu months, before the matter was disposed of. As it was, the case was •leally disposed of in one diiy and the vessel released of the large fine and allnwed to proceed on her voyage without the loss of an hour. Such cases are liable to occur at any time under the present Spanish customs regulations. Besides, the consul-general is charged with the making of financial and commercial reports. He is also charged with the compilation of the yearly commercial reports of our consuls in Spain. He also has many other duties to perform which it is not necessary for me to mention here. ALICANTE. (Consulate compensated by fees.) The consulate at Alicante, in my opinion, should be raised to a paid consulate. My reasons therefor, as well as. for other consulates of a similar grade, will be given ' in my "ger^eral remarks." The exports from Alicante to tiie United States during, the liscalyear ending June 30, 1883, amounted in value to $50,938.78. These exports consisted m0Ktl,y of licorice root, almonds, and wine. The imports from the Uuined States during tlie same year consisted of 1,769 hogsheads of tobacco, a large quantity of staves, and 24,6ii5 cases of petroleum. H. Ex. 121 7 98 CONSULAR SERVICE. BARCELONA. Barcelona is the largest manufacturing city and the most important commercial port in Spain, and the consulate there should not only be continued but the salary of the consul increased. Barcelona also (according to a statement received from our consul at that port) ranks third in the amount of cotton imported from the United States and second in the amount of cotton consumed. The consumption for the present year (up to May last) was 125,000 bales, the value of which is estimated at $8,500,000. The importation of this article in 1874 amounted in value to only 15,500,000, while in 1882 it amounted to |11, 000,000, thus showing an increase in eight years of |5,500,000, or double what it was in 1874. With this largo importation of cotton, financial diiSculties often arise between the shipper and the consignee, and the consul is naturally called upon for advice and assistance in settling them. This placts additional responsibility and work upon the consul, for which he is unable to charge even the regular consular fee. The case of the New Orleans bank, of which the Department of State is already familiar, may be cited in this connection. Besides, there is quite a large American colony at Barcelona. The exports from Barcelona to the tfnited States during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, amounted in value to $61,000. They consisted of wine, cork, licorice, and sundry articles. The imports from the United States during the same year amounted in value to |11,750,000. These imports consisted of cotton, alcohol, petroleum, wheat, maize, and other cereals; staves, machinery, patent medicines, notions, lumber and deals, ham, bacon, lard, and canned articles. , OONSXJLAE AGENCIES UNDER BARCELONA. TARRAGONA. Tarragona is quite an important ;)ort_on account of its winos, a large quantity of which is yearly exported to the United States. I wOuld therefore recommend, for reasons which will be hereafter given, that the consular agency there, as well as other consular agencies, bcchanged to vice-eonsi^Jates with a fixed salary. The exports to the United States during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, amounted in value to $371,000. These exports consisted of wine, almonds, and hazel nuts. The imports from the United States during the same year consisted of alcohol, petroleum, and staves, and amounted in value to $297,000. GBAO (VALENCIA). This is the most important agency under the Barcelona district. It is the principal port in Spain for the importation ojf' oranges to the United States. It is also fast be- coming important on account of the raisin trade with the United States, shipping thereto in the last fouv months of 1882 1,500,000 boxes containing 28 pounds each. Wine and saffron are also'exported to the United States in considerable quantities. The imports from the United States during the year 1882, consisting mostly of tobacco, petroleum, alcohol, and staves, amounted in value to $535,000. Formerly we had' a consulate at Valencia, and were it not that for so doing we should lose the services of Mr. Loewinstein, who has been so long connected with the office, I would strongly recommend that it be again raised to that grade. The same difficulty would arise if the agency were changed to a vice-consulate with a fixed salary, unless our laws on the subject be modified. If this should be done, I beg to suggest that the agency be raised to a consulate or a vice-consulate ; if not, that the agency be continued. PORT MAHON. Port Mahon has little or no importance to us as a commercial port. But as the port is often visited by our naval vessels, and as there are several American citizens and naval pensionera residing there, I think it would be well to continne the agency. Palma has some importance as a commercial port, and I would recommend that the agency there be continued. TORKEVIEGA. The consular agency at this port was established in June, 1882, and is quite neces- sary, on account of the exportation of salt to the United States. I would therefore recommend that it be continued. CONSULAR SERVICE. 99 CADIZ. The consulate at Cadiz, if uot first, is surely second in importance in Spain, as will te seen by the following statement of the exports to and the imports from the United States during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1883. The exports consisted chiefly of wine, salt, cork, licorice paste, olives, olive oil, and sulphur and iron ores, and amounted in value to $1,385,028.71. The imports amounted in value to |7a7,323.07, and consisted chiefly of stoves, petroleum, hams, bacon, pork, butter, raisin, tar, wheat, flour, copper, sheetings, and nails, dentists' instruments and materials, hardware, clocks, watches, canned meats, and tobacco. The trade between Cadi? and the United States is increasing yearly, and in my opinion the consulate should be retained, and, like Barcelona, the salary of the consul should be increased. CONSULAR AGENCIES UNDER CADIZ. Huelva is of growing importance as a commercial port. In 1882 the exports to the United States amounted in value to $59,741.72, and it is probable that the present year will show an increase. I would therefore recommend that the consular agency there be changed to a vice-consulate with a fixed salary. Jerez is an important commercial city on account of its wines, (sherry), a large amount of which is annually exported to the United States. We have a consular agency there, but the invoices of wines shipped to the United States have always been certified to by our consul at Cadiz. This is done at the special request of Mr. DaVies, the consular agent, who is himself largely engaged in the exportation of sherry "to the United States, in order that others who are engaged in the same busi- ness might not have any cause of complaint against him. Mr. Davies is a gentle- / man of means and of the highest respectability, and extends most generous hospital- ity to the many Americans visiting Jerez during the tour season, and is always glad to make himself useful to them in any way he can. I would, therefore, recom- mend that the agency be continued. The agency at Seville is by far the most important of those coming under Cadiz. Like Valencia, it was formerly a consulate. As above stated, Seville is accessible to nearly, if not quite all classes of vessels, and thus becomes an important commercial port. The exports to the United States amounted in value from $181,526.70 in 1876 to $491,015.56 in 1881, showing an increase in six years of $309,486.86. In 1882, how- ever, the expoi'ts amounted in value to only $317,366.43, showing a decrease on 1881 of $73,649.13.' This decrease was due, no doubt, to the bad crops in Andalusia last year, and I am quite sure that the exports for this year will exceed those of 1881. I am not informed as to the imports from the United States, but I should imagine that they are about equal to the exports. Besides, Seville being a favorite resort for all American tourists in Spain, it is desirable that we should have a consular ofSce there. I would, therefore, recommend that the agency be changed to a vice-consulate, with a fixed salary. CORUNNA. Corunna is important both on account of its geographical position and the number of American vessels (naval and commercial) that call there. It is also important as a commercial port, and the railroad between it and Madrid, opened on the 1st instant, will at once increase its commercial importance to more than double what it now is. I have no doubt that this railroad will also tend to increase the trade between Co- runna and the United States. I would therefore recommend that the consulate be changed to one with a fixed salary. CONSULAR AGENCIES UNDER CORUNNA, CABKH.. The agency at Carril seems to have been established with a view to extend aid to wind-bound "and shipwrecked American vessels. It might be, therefore, well to con- tinue the agency. 100 CONSULAR SERVICE. COKCUBION. Corcubion has little importance as a commercial port, and the consular agency there, like that at Carril, seems to have been especially established for the purpose of extend- ing aid to wind-bound and shipwrecked American vessels. I would recommend that the agency be continued. FERROL. Ferrol is quite an important commercial port, but not enough so, in my opinion, to warj-ant a change of the agency into a vici'-consulate with a fixed salary. I would, therefore, recommend that the agency be continued. YIGO. Vigo has a fine harbor and is a growing commercial port. I think it would be well to continue the agency, and should the fast-inert- asing commercial importance of the port warrant it, to raise the agency at the proper time to a vice-consulate, with a fixed salary. VIVERO. The agency at Vivero, like those at Carril and Corcubion, was established to ex- tend aid to wind-bound and shipwrecked American vessels, and I would recommend that the agency be continued. CARTHAGENA. Carthagena, on account of its magnificent harbor, into which vessels of all classes may enti-r with perfect safety, is one of the most important of the Spanish ports. It is also important as a commercial port on account of the large exportation of silver lead, silver in bars, and iron and manganese ores. A large quantity of these ores have been and still continue to be exported to the United States, as will be seen by the following statement : Tons. In 1876, iron ore 2,550 In 1877, iron and manganese ore 1,620 In 1878, iron ore ; 13,736 In 1879, iron and manganese ore 59,150 In 1880, iron and manganese ore ^ 72,390 In 1881, iron and manganese ore 189,507 In 1882, iron and manganese ore '. 180,065 This statement speaks for itself, but it is proper for me to add that only 175,630 tons of these ores were exported to the United States during the fiscal year ended June 30, iftiS, showing a decrease of 4,435 tons on the fiscal year of 1882. "Fishing guts" are also exported to the United States in large quantities. The imports from the United States consist chiefly of wheat and alcohol. Eight hundred and ninety-two tons of the first article, and 1,500 barrels of the second were imported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1883. In my opinion the consulate there is necessary, and I would not only recommend that it be continued, but that it be changed to one with a fixed salary. It may be ■well to remark that all foreign Governments have full consulates at this port. BENIA. The consulate at Denia is yearly increasing in importance andusefulness on account of the large exportation of raisins to the United States. During the year ended De- cember 31, 1882, the exportation of this article amounted iu value to |1,816,314.50, Palm-leaf hats are also exported to the United States in largH quantities. As a proof of the increasing importance and necessity of the consulate I will state thtthe consular fees have increased in the last four years from $800 to $1,400. I would recommend that the consulate be changed to one with a fixed salary. MALAGA. The consulate at Malaga, in so far as the amount of fees received is concerned, is the most important of our consulates in the Peninsula. These fees have steadily in- creased from $1,539.10 in 1877 to $2,300.39 iu 1882. It is unnecessaiy for me to dwell upon the importance of Malaga as a commercial port, as that is already known by the large amount of raisins, grapes, fruit, wiues, CONSULAR SERVICE. 101 &c., expovted yearly, of -whiolitlie United States receives the larger share. The cx- portatioQ of these aud other articles, too numerous to mention here, during the year ended June 30, 1883, amounted in value to $2,028,244.37. I am not informed as to the imports from the United States, but I should judgethatpetroleum is the principal article imported. This brief statement will show how Important and necessary our consulate at Mal- aga is to us, and I would strongly recommend that it be continued, and, like Barce- lona and Cadiz, the salary of the consul be increased. CONSULAR A&ENCIES UNDER MALAGA. Almeria is quite important as a commercial port, and this importance is yearly in- creasing. It is becoming particularly important to the United States on account of the large exportation of grapes, far exceeding in quantity and vaUie the amount ex- ported from Malaga, as will be seen by the following stateraeiit for the year 18S2: Valueof grapes exported from Malaga, |27,390 ; value of exports from Almeria, $157,304. Iron ore is also exported to the United States iu considerable quantities. In 1882 5,476 tons of this ore were exported. The imports from the United States consist, chiefly of staves, of which a large quan- tity is imported yearly. In view of these facts and the fast-increasing commercial importance of the port, I beg to recommend that the consular agency there be changed to a vice-consulate, with a fixed salary. . MAKABELLA. The consular agency at Marabella seems to be necessary on account of the iron ore exported from that port to the United States, ranging yearly from twenty-five to forty cargoes. I would, therefore, recommend that the agency be continued. SANTANDER. Santander is a commercial port of increasing importance. Still, in my opinion, it is not so important commercially as Bilboa, and it is a question with me whether or not the consulate should be changed to the latter port. If this should be done, I wonld recommend that the consulate be changed to a vice-consulate with a. fixed salary. If not, I would then recommend that it be changed to a salaried consulate. CONSULAR AGENCIES UNBER SANTANDER. As above stated, Bilboa seems to be of more importance commercially than Santan- der, and this importance is rapidly increasing. If the consulate at Santander should not be changed to Bilboa, I would recommend that the agency there be at least changed to a vice-consulate with a fixed salary. It may be well to remark that we formerly had a consulate at Bilboa, but for reasons unknown to me it was changed, many years ago, to a consular agency. GIJON. The consular agency at Gijon apjiears to be necessary,' and I would recommend its continuance. SAN SEBASTIAN. The consular agency at San Sebastian, which was established in 1881, has proved to be useful to our commerce, and its continuance seems to he desirable. TENERIFPE. I have but little information concerning the trade between the United States and the Canary Islands, but from what I have it would seem that it is yearly on the in- crease, and especially so with Teneriife. It would also seem that many of our whal- ing vessels touch at Teneriffe and that relief often has to be given to the seamen, &c. England has a foil consul there with a salary of ^£400 per annum and £100 for contingencies. France is also represented by a consul of the first class, and Bel- gium by a consul-general. 102 CONSULAR SERVICE. CONSULAR AGENCIES IN THE CANARY ISLANDS. LAS PALMA8, OR GRAND CANARY. The agency at Grand Canary is the most important after Teneriffe, and I would recommend that it be continued. LANZAROTB. The agency at Lanzarote seems to be necessary, and in view of the rich fisheries near by, Lanzarote may soon become one of the most important ports in the islands. I therefore recommend that the agency there be continued. OROTAVA. Orotava seems to be of little importance to us commercially, and the consular agency there might be abolished. Palma has some importance as a commercial port, and the continuance of the con- sular agency there may be desirable for the present at least. I do not deem it neces- sary to establish any new consular posts in Spain. GENERAL REMARKS. I have shown as briefly as possible the consulates and agencies which, in my opin- ion, are important and shonld be continued as well as those which might be abolished ■without injury to our commercial interests. It now remains for me to make a few general remarks' in support of my several recommendations and the reasons there- for. My reason for changing the consulates at Alicante, Carthagena, Corunna, Denia, Santander, and Teneriffe into salaried consulates is, that I feel convinced that our in- terests at those ports demand that we should be represented by American citizens. As they now stand, but three of these consulates (Denia, Corunna, and Teneriffe) are occupied by American citizens. The consuls at the other ports are foreign subjects, and, although they are worthy aild respectable gentlemen, they naturally do not take that interest in increasing our trade which an American eitizen would. Naturally, we cannot readily find in the United States competent persons who care to occupy the post of consul where there is no fixed and living salary, and we are thus coinpelled to appoint foreigners to the position, and as they are generally merchants, they sim- ply desire the post of consul on account of the advantage it gives them socially and commercially. If, on the other hand, we should have a fixed and reasonable salary at such ports, I need not say that competent persons could be easily found in the United States who would be willing to accept the posts, and I have no doubt that within a short time after their arrival our commerce with those ports would increase twofold. In regard to changing the consular agencies at Almeria, Bilboa, Huelva, Seville, and Tarragona into vice-consulates with a fixed salary, I beg to state that I am led to make the suggestion in view of the fast-increasing commercial importance of those ports, and of the further fact that each of the agencies is occupied by a foreigner en- gaged in commercial pursuits. I suggest vice-consulates with fixed salaries, for the reason that at present there does not seem to be sufficient business at those ports to warrant the establishment of consulates, but the posts are too important to be left as consular agencies and in the hands of foreigners. Besides ours is the only country hav- ing consular agents in Spain. I am, of course, aware of the fact that at present we have no vice-consul except at posts where we have a consul, and to change consular agencies into vice-consulates it will be necessary to modify our present law. England and all the European Gov- ernments have vice-consulates at ports or posts not deemed to be of sufficient im- portance for a consul. The vice-consuls also have fixed salaries, and I am confident that it would be well for us to follow their example. I therefore beg to strongly recommend this suggestion to your consideration. In regard to my recommendation for an increase of the salary of the consuls at Bar- celona, Cadiz, and Malaga, I would respectfully state that I am led to make the re- commendation ou account of the increasing commercial importance of those ports, and of the equally increasing usefulness and necessity of the consulates. And be- CONSULAR SERVICE. 103 aides, the present salary of our consuls at those ports is in fact hardly sufficient to enable them to enjoy the actual necessaries of daily life. Should my recommendation be fa>-orably considered, I venture to sugfjest that the salary be increased to |2,500 per annum, and that all fees, of whatever kind, received at those consulates be turned into the Treasury of the United States. I vfould also suggest that 15 per cent, on the salary of the consul be allowed for rent ; and that the present system in regard to postage, stationery, &c., be continued. Should my recommendation in regard to the consulates af Alicante, Carthagena,' Corunua, Denia, Santander, and Tenerifte be approved. I would suggest that the salary of the consuls be fixed at |1,500 per annum, with 15 per cent, additional for rent. I would also suggest that they be allowed stationery, postage, &o. All fees to be turned into the Treasury. If our law should be so changed as to allow the creation of vice-consulates and my recommendation in regard to Aliiieria, Bilboa, Huelva, Seville, and Tarragona, be ap- proved, I would suggest that the salary of the vice-consuls at those ports be fixed at $1,200 per annum, with 15 per cent, additional for rent. Also that they be allowed stationery, postage, &c., to a reasonable amount. All fees to be turned into the Treasury. _ In regard to question No. 5, I beg to state that clerical assistance seems to be nec- essary at Barcelona, Cadiz, and Malaga, and I would suggest that $400 per annum be allowed to each of these consulates for such service. To carry out the changes which I have recommended in our consular service in Spain an appropriation of from $25,000 to |30,000 per annum would be necessary. The eum looks large at first, but when the question of the fees (which are to be credited to the Government with the exception of those collected at a few consular agencies) is taken into consideration, the sum is at once diminished to nearly one-half and with good consuls and vice-consuls (American citizens and sent from the United States) at the consulates I have mentioned, I am quite confident that within a few years the fees received will cover all expenses, thus making the service in Spain -self-sustaining. It may also appear that I have been too liberal in my recommendation in regard to salaries ; but I have data which enables me to state that they are only about one-half as much as the salary paid by the British Government to its consuls atthe same posts, and very much less than the salary paid by other Governments to their consuls. I am also asked (Question No. 7) for any suggestions which I may care to make on the gen- eral subjects of the reorganization or modification of our present consular service. On this point I very naturally hesitate ; still, I will venture to submit the following : (1) The service should be permanent, and removals only made for just cause. (2) That vice-consulates be established. (3) Persons desiring to enter the consular service should be subjected to examina- tion both as to character and qualifications. They should also be conversant (at least) with the French language. (4) They should first be appointed as vice-consuls (unless they may be found to pos- sess special qualifications for a particular consulate) and promoted according to senior- ity or for services rendered. (5) The salaries of consuls-generals, consuls, and vice-consuls should be sufficient to allow them to live in a manner befitting their rank and station. (6) Consular officers of all grades should be retired with suitable pay, upon arriv- ing at an age (or for reasons of health) which renders them incapable of longer per- forming useful service to the Government. (7) A suitable allowance should be made to consular officers of all grades for travel- ing expenses necessarily incurred in reaching their respective posts of duty. In support of this suggestion I beg leave to refer to the fact that the British, French, German, Russian, and Spanish Governments (and I believe all other Governments) allow their consuls a very liberal sum for traveling expenses, &c., in going to their posts of duty; and it seems but just that we should do the same, especially as the sal- ary of our consuls is much less than that paid by other Governments to their consular officers. SPANISH COLONIES. CUBA. There is probably no more imi)ortant consular office of the United States than that of the consulate-general at Havana. Not only are the consular and commercial duties important and onerous, but he is con- stantly called upon to perform semi-diplomatic functions of impor- tance requiring tact, discretion, and political ability. Situated but 90 miles from our coast, having most intimate commercial relations with 104 CONSULAR SEEVICE. the United States, visited by large numbers of our citizens, inhabited by many both native and naturalized, governed as a colony of Spain under a system of laws unljnown to the majority of the citizens of the United States, Cuba presents al most daily some delicate and difficult question of international or commercial law, for the speedy and just solu- tion of which the services of a most competent officer are necessary. It is not necessary to dilate upon this subject; no one familiar with the diplomatic history of this country during the present generation can fail to appreciate the importance of the office or wonder that, for the in- sufficient compensation and assistance siven the incumbent, this Govern- ment has been able to secure so competent, painstaking, and faithful service. The consul-general receives a Salary of 16,000; butheis obliged, on account of the climate, to seek a cooler temperature during a month or two of each year, when he surrenders (under the law) a portion of his salary to the vice-consul. The clerical assistaBce also is so small that he is usually obliged to contribute from his own funds to the proper dispatch of Government business. The Unofficial fees help him some- what, but are not sufficient to supply this large inroad upon his means. The office is diplomatic and commercial, and the diplomatic branch seriously affects the commercial, and vice versa. There should be at Havana a consul-general with a salary of $8,000. A vice and deputy consul-general, subordinate to the consul general, but who shall devote his time more especially tO the commercial business and act for the consul-general in his absence, to receive $2,500, and in addition to this, such allowance for clerk hire as may be found necessary. It may be here repeated that the most important posts are not neces- sarily in the European towns which return large fees for exports to the United States, but in those with which the United States have or should have intimate political relations, those to which we export, and those where American citizens, seamen, and travelers, missionaries, or resi- dents require protection, The agencies at Gibara and Nuevitas maybe for the present continued as vice-consulates, the latter to receive a small compensation. MATANZAS Is second in importance to Havana. "What is true of the latter is true of the former in a lesser degree, and the difficulties arising from a dif- ferent system of laws and of administration, added to the ordinary com- mercial business of a sugar exporting port, receiving many supplies from the United States, fully employs the consul's time. As all fees are to be returned to the Treasury, he should receive $3,500, instead of $3,000 as now allowed. CAKDENAS Has a very large trade with the United States. The consul is compen- sated by fees, yielding him net $2,500 (gross something over $4,000), and should be allowed $3,000 if unofficial fees are to go to the Treasury, as they, are not included in this estimate of present compensation. CrENFUEGOS. What is said of Cardenas applies in a lesser degree to Oienfuegos. The salary of $2,500 should be continued, and the agencies at Trinidad de Cuba and Zaza may for the present be continued as vfce-consulates, the former receiving a small salary. CONSULAR SERVICE. 105 SAaUA LA GRANDE. What has been said of Matanzas applies to this port. A consul with a salary of $3,000 should be stationed here. The business is large. Many American vessels put in here. There are constant disputes with the local officials, and Havana is distant, with insufficient means of commu- nication with the consul-general. SAN JUAN DE LOS EEMEDIOS. Owing to the increase in number of the English "tramp" steamers, the fees at this post have decreased so far as not to furnish sufficient compenvsation for the incumbent, who has no salary. Shipments from thiiS port are sufficient in amount to authorize and require the retention of a vice-consul with a salary of $1,000.' SANTIAaO DE CUBA .. " Is an important port on the west end of the island. Mail communica- tion with the consul-general at Havana is impossible, except by sea, so that the consul is thrown upon his own responsibility. The present sal- ary, $2,500, is insufficient if all fees are to go to the Treasury, but should be increased to $3,000, while the agency at Gruantanamo should, as a vice-consulate, receive $500 salary, and the agencies at Manzanillo and Santa Cruz should be made vice- consulates, the former receiving a small salary. MATAGUEZ Is the third town of importance on the island of Porto Eico, having a population of 12,000. The exports to the United States, consisting of coffee, sugar, molasses, &c., amount to $600,000, while the imports from the United States (provisions, lumber, petroleum, &c.), exceed that sum. Fifty-two American vessels visited this port in 1881. It is important that the consulate be retained fdt the protection and increase of our commerce. A salary of $1,600 is recommended. ILOILO Is a town of importance in the Philippine Islands, having a population of about 8,000. The exports are principally sugar, hemp, and tobacco, and amount to about $4,000,000 annually, more than half of which comes to the United States. It is deemed of great importance to our com- merce that a consular officer be stationed here, and it is therefore rec- ommended that the present consulate be retained with a salary of at least $2,000. The cost of living and expense of reaching the post is very great. KANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Is a port of call for American vessels, and between it and the United States there is much trade. A most cbmpetent officer has fortunately been secured for the post, which is not attractive when the insufficient compensation, $1,500, is considered, out of which the consul must pay his expenses out and home, his expenses of living, in fact, every expense, except those covered by a small allowance for office (not house) rent and official stationery and postage. If the rights of Americans trading in this part of the- world are worth protecting, such compensation should be allowed this post as will probably and usually secure the services of a good officer. The G-overnment should not depend upon the good fortune 106 CONSULAR SERVICE. of flndiug (as in this instance it has, after long delay) a competent citizen willing to undertake the duties. It is needless to add that the post, unlike some others, is not apt to tempt a man of means to accept it and spend his own money in meeting what are properly and justly Govern- mental expenses. A consul here should be allowed as a minimum a sal- ary of $3,000. The agency at Oebn may continued as an honorary vice- consulate. PORTO RICO. In Porto llico, the second island in importance of the Spanish West Indian possessions, the United States have principal officers at San Juan de Porto Kico, at Ponce, and Mayaguez. Of these, that at San Juan is the most importa.nt, With its various agencies it receives some $1,900 to $2,000 in fees, the principal export being sugar. The salary is $2,500, and the post should be continued as a consulate at that salary. If our export trade is to be encouraged and improved, offices at points like this should be retained without regard to the fees collected. Under San Juan are several agencies, viz, Agnadilla, Areoibo, Gaa- yama, lifaguabo, Viequez, and Fajardo, of use to sugar exporters, and returning fees ranging from forty-odd dollars to over five hundred dol- lars per annum. As an experiment it may be well to put these agencies upon the following basis : Aguadilla, vice-consulate, $250 ; Viequez, honorary vice-consulate, $250; Fajardo, vice-consulate, $250; Arecibo, vice-consulate, $250; Guayama, vice-consulate, $250; Naguabo, vice- consulate, $500. PONCE. A feed commercial agency. Owing to the increase of " tramp " steam- ships which are gradually driving our sailing vessels out of the West Indian trade, the fees at this office have so decreased as not to aftbrd a living salary for an American dependent upon his official compensation for sui)porfc. To protect the revenue and to foster trade, a good officer should be kept here. In comparison with other salaries, the Depart- ment is not prepared to recommend more than $1,000 for a vice-consul here, to be under San Juan, allowed to trade, and, if found necessary, to be a citizen of the island. SWEDEN AND ISTOEWAY. The consular service in Sweden and Norway consists of a consul, com- pensated by fees, at Bergen, where, during the. fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, $238.50 were collected in fees. Subordinate to that is an agency each at Drontheim and at Stavanger. A consulate at Ohristiauia, compensated by fees (which received dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, amounted to $192.50), having under it an agency at Christiansand, and one at Arendal. A consulate at Gothenburg, compensated by* fees, which amounted to about $1,500. Subject to Gothenburg is an agency at Malno. A consulate at Stock- holm, compensated by fees, amounting to some $1,200. Subject to Stockholm are the following consular agencies : Christiansand, Norrkop- ing, Gefle, Sodei'haum, and Sundsvall. None of the agencies receive any considerable amount in fees. The following recommendations are made: Bergen to be a vice-consulate, with a salary of $500. Ohristiauia to be a vice-consulate, with a salary of $500. CONSULAE SERVICE. 107 Gothenberg to be a consulate, with a salary of $2,000. Stockholm to be a vice-consulate, with a salary of $1,000. At Drontheim, Stavanger, Christiansand, and the other agencies, an honorary vice-consul. The officers in Sweden, besides the usual duty of certifying invoices and attending to American ships and sailors, have considerable de- mands made upon their time by intending emigrants from Sweden to the United States; they attend to their wants, secure information for American citizens of Swedish birth, and assist them in many matters of interest occurring in their native country. Under this suggested arrangement the consul at Gothenberg might have general supervision of the vice-consulates. All the posts without salary are very acceptably filled, most of them by citizens of Sweden. S WITZEEL AKD. The exports from this country to the United States are annually in- creasing. Their aggregate value in 1881 was reported as $14,787,993, and in 1882 as about $20,345,000, distributed among the several consu- lar districts as follows: St. Galle, $6,742,191; Zurich and Horgen (which during the first six months was an agency of Zurich), $6,711,143, and Horgen during tbe last six months, when it was an independent consulate, $2,718,000; Basle and the Berne agency (the latter being connected with Basle only till November 14, when the minister was made consul-general and thereafter took jurisdiction in that city), $5,569,400 ; Geneva, $1,222,390; Berne from November 15, when it commenced its operation as a consulate-general, until December 31, i. e., one month and a half, $97,265. The principal articles of export are silk goods, cotton goods, em- broideries, straw and hair goods and tress work; watches and parts thereof; music-boxes, cheese, leather, aniline colors, &c. All these exports are of the classes upon which ad valorem duties are assessed. Upon the integrity and the business knowledge of the consuls great reliance must necessarily be placed. It has been estimated that during six months of each year about 50,000 Americans travel in various parts of Switzerland, many of whom require, in some form or other, the serv- ices of a consul. Many Americans also reside permanently, or at least for several years, at Geneva, Basle, Zurich, Lucerne, Berne, Vevay, &c. Many Swiss have emigrated to the United States, many others con- template doing so ; to aid the former in the many inquiries they wish to make in their native country as to friends, property, legacies, &c., and to aid and advise the latter as to their contemplated journey and place of settlement, throws much labor on the consular officer. «A. con- tinuance, of the existing consulates is therefore necessary, not only be- cause of their commercial duties, but to afford aid, assistance, and pro- tection to Americans traveling or residing in Switzerland. No change is recommended in the number or rank of the consular officers in Switzerland, unless it be the establishment of a subordinate office at Lucerne, which is largely frequented by American travelers. The present consular service in Switzerland is supervised by the min- ister stationed at Berne, who acts as consul-general. Any change in his salary would come under the diplomatic branch of the service, and is not here considered. There are salaried consuls at Basle, Geneva, 108 CONSULAR SERVICE. and at Zurich, a "feed" consul at Horgen, and one at St. Gralle; at Vevay there is a consular agent, subject to the jurisdiction of the con- sul of Geneva. BERNE. At this post the minister performs also the duties of consul-general. His salary is not deemed adequate for the expenses of his diplomatic position ; but this is a matter which properly falls within the diplomatic appropriation. He now has allowed to him for clerical assistance the sum of $250. It is recommended that he be allowed $800 per annum for clerk hire, as he absolutely needs the assistance of a competent clerk who may also act as vice and deputy consul-general while the minister is absent or attending to other diplomatic or consular duty. BASLE. The salary of the consul is $2,000. The fees reported during the year ending June 30, 1883, were $3,665.97. It is recommended tliat the consul receive a compensation of $3,000 a year and an allowance of $500 for clerk hire. ZURICH. The salary of the consul is $2,000. The fees reported during the year ending June 30, 1883, were $4,252.01. It is recommended that he receive a salary of $2,500, and $500 for clerk hire. GENEVA. The salary of the consul is $1,500. The fees returned during the year ending June 30, 1883, were $818. It is recommended that he receive a salary of $3,000, and he be al- lowed $500 for clerk hire. The salary of the consul at Geneva is recommended to be placed higher than that of the consul at Zurich because of the increa-icd and more expensive social duties thrown upon the former by reason of the size and importance of the city and the number of Americans who visit it or reside in or near it, at the various villages on the lake. ST. GALLE. This is a feed consulate. The fees reported during the year ending June 30, 1883, were $6,837.50. It is recommended that he receive a salary of $2,500 and an allowance of $500 for clerk hire. HORGEN. This is a feed consulate. The fees reported during the year ending June 30, 1883, were $2,780. It is recommended that he receive a salary of $2,500 and be allowed $500 for clerk hire. VEVAY. A consular agent is now there, and the total exports during the year ending June 30, 1883, are estimated at $800,000. The total fees col- lected were $726.50, CONSULAR SERVICE. 109 This subordinate consular officer should be kept at his post because of the business done, and more especially because Vevay is a favorite resort for Americans. A salary of $50(1 would probably secure the services of a competent Americiin temporarily residing in the town or neighborhood as vice-consul under Geneva. LUCERNE. The remarks made as to Vevay apply equally to Lucerne, where the establishment of a subordinate consular ofilcer, with a salary of $500, is also suggested. The changes in salaries are recommended upon the theory of a return of all fees, official au^ unofficial, to the Treasury, so that the consul is to be entirely dependent upon his salary for support. TUEKEY, Consul-Geweral Heap reports as to consulates in Turkey and domin- ions (excluding Egypt) his oinnions, which an experience of many years in the consular service in Eastern countries renders of peculiar interest, and upon his valuable report the following stitement is largely based. In Turkey and dominions (excluding Egypt) the Uniteil States have three consulates and one consulate-general, at the following posts, with the following salaries : iJ Place. Office. Salary. $3, 500 2, Olio . do 1,600 ....do 2,500 Subordinate to these principal officers are eighteen consular agencies with no emolument attached, and which are almost without exception administered by foreigners, no Americans being available and willing to discharge the duties. Says Mr. Heap : These four consulates are of absolute necessity for the protection of the numerous American citizens scattered throughout the empire, of whom comparatively few are engaged in commercial pursuits, whilst the greater number are missionaries, profess- ors, medical practitioners, and school teaohern. From the nature of their pursuits many of them are exposed to the rivalry and jealonsy of the old Christian sects that have occupied the field for centuries. In the resulting contests, onr citizens, disdain- ing certain methods adopted by some of their rivals, are handicapped, and can rely only on the justice of their cause and upon the protection which a consul can give them. But some dwell in regions so remote from any consulate that the difficulty of communication renders corre>pondence in many cases extremely dilntory and uncer- tain. » » » None of the existing consulates could be conveniently abolished. If the nnraber of American consulates in Turkey is compared with that of other nations, even those whose interests are inferior to ours, it will be evident that not only their number should not be reduced, but that there is a necessity for the establishment of some niw ones. Our interests in Tnrkey have largely increased since the creation.of these consulates, owing, however, to the prepoude^jknce of steamers over sailing ves- sels, our commerce has not expanded as it would have done had we been our own carriers. » " * The United States now are without a single merchant steamer in this sea, and I may add with very few sailing vessels. Still, under foreign flags much American produce is brought to Tu3-key , and the exports to the United States are both numerous and valuable. But aside from commercial interests the oousnls have another and much more important and delicate duty devolving upon them in consequence of the numerous and widely scattered stations where American missionaries have estab- 110 CONSULAR SERVICE. lislied schools andmissious. They frequently require the intervention of consuls for their protection from molestation or injustice, but in consequence of the delay, uncertainty, and annoyance of making their complaints known to a distant oouaul, who would probably have to act vicariously through a foreign consul (the Department of State has usually in such cases appealed to the English service and received cordial and courteous aid), they sometimes prefer to endure wrong rather than complain. Their duties require them to make long and frequent journeys among wild and lawless tribes and expose themselves at every moment to aggression. In addition to the permanent resident Americans in Syria and Palestine, many travelers visit these provinces every year, and their safety gives the consuls, particu- larly the one at Jerusalem, mvich concern. (Heap's Report.) NEW .CONSULATES. Several new consulates are urgently required, viz, at Sivas, in Asia Minor, or Armenia ; Philippopolis in Eastern Eoumelia ; Salonica, in Macedonia, and at Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, a consulate-general. Sivas is the chief town and seat of government of the province of that name. Many Americans reside there and in the towns and villages dependent on it politi- cally. This is an extensive province and a considerable portion of the inhabitants are American Christians. The majority, however, are Mohametans of many races, some of which retain all the savagery and aversion to civilization of their remote ancestors. . Throughout this region, the missionary society has established stations with schools, chapels, &c., and has acquired much valuable property. This province is nominally within the jurisdiction of the consul-gen- eral at Constantinople, but when application is made for assistance or protection he has been obliged to appeal to a British consul to aid him. This aid has always been given promptly and as effectually as circum- stances would admit, but it scarcely comports with the dignity or power, of the United States to be indebted for the protection of their citizens residing in foreign countries to the good will and courtesy, however freely these may be granted, of foreign officials. It lowers us in the es- timation of the natives and foreigners, and weakens our prestige and influence. If the United States were a poor, weak, or struggling na- tion, it could be understood that its necessities left it no choice, but as the reverse is the case, and our country is one of the greatest powers of the earth, and undoubtedly the richest, its policy in this regard is looked upon with a feeling it would be disagreeable to analyze. The only consular officer in Asia Minor now is the consular agent at Trebizonde ; he is an Italian ; the office is without emolument, and the agents influence does not extend beyond the town, PHILIPPOPOLIS, CAPITAL OP EASTERN KOUMBLIA. The missionary society has extended its educational and mission work into Eastern Roumelia, and the reasons already given for the es- tablishment of a consulate in Asia Minor apply equally here. The province is principally inhabited by Christians of the Greek Church, and the governor-general is a Christian, appointed in obedience to the stipulations of the treaty of Berlin. The Government is semi-autono- mous, and the Greek element, which has the ascendency, is in Boumelia intolerant of the other Christian sects, so that the American missionaries feel keenly the utter want^f protection from their own Government. There is nominally a consular agent at Philippopolis, but no agent has been appointed, because of the impossibility of finding a suitable person to accept the post. A paid consul alone (Mr. Heap jugtly observes) can give efficient protection to our citizens. Several Governments have consuls at Philippopolis, and some have consnls-general. CONSULAR SERVICE. Ill This town is growing iu commercial importance, and there are several American missionary stations and schools in the district. Its commerce will be largely in- creased when the Ottoman and Austrian systems of railroads are connected, which there is every probability will soon be done, as there is but a short gap between them. Salonica, with its splendid harbor, will then rival Trieste as an outlet for the trade of Central Europe with Western and Southern Asia., The imports from the United States, consisting principally of petroleum and alcohol, with some of our commoner cotton goods, are constantly increasing, and when petroleum can be sent by rail to Bosnia, Herzegovina, Servia, and Austria the quantity imported will be immediately and largely increased. There is a consular agent at Salonica who is, necessarily, a foreigner, but a consul is wanted who will, of course, be an American. The residence is an agreeable one, the climate being genial, the soil rich, the products varied and valuable, and the Americans in Mace- donia have repeatedly asked to have a citizen of the United States ap- pointed to Salonica, but the fees alone are not sufficient to tempt an American to accept the post. Should a paid consulate be established, there will be no difficulty, I think, in obtaining the services of a com- petent person. All other Governments have consuls-general or consuls at this port. SOFIA, CAPITAL OP BULGARIA. The establishment of a consulate-general is suggested ; this Mr. Heap recommends and the minister at Constantinople approves. There are several missionary establishments in Bulgaria, and they have been sub- jected for some time past to much oppression and ill-treatment on the part of the authorities. As we have no consular representative in the principality, our coun- trymen have, as usual under such circumstances, been obliged to apply to the British diplomatic agent and consul-general at Sofia for protec- tion against the Bulgarian authorities. Austria, Belgium, Prance, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Eoumania, Eussia, and Servia are represented by diplomatic agents and consuls-general. A representative of the grade of consul will be placed on a footing of inferiority to his colleagues and not have the official influence of a consul-general. It may be added that the peculiar political position of Bulgaria renders the protection of the interests, lives, and prbperty of American citizens a duty of par- ticular delicacy and difficulty when attempted to be performed by an officer not accredited to that principality. The Department therefore not only adopts the suggestion of the minister and consul-general, but suggests that the consul-general have the additional title of diplomatic agent. ADVISABILITY OP CHANGING THE GRADE OP ANY EXISTING CONSU- LATES. It is not thought advisable to change the grade of any consular offices now existing excepting by the change hereinbefore recommended of advancing Salonica and Philippopolis from consular agencies to consu- lates. Mr. Heap suggests that the existing consular agencies, and those to be hereafter created, be called vice-congulates, as more in harmony with Ottoman legislation, which does not recognize consulare agncies, and so that these oificers may be placed on a footing of equality with officers of other Governments of corresponding grade. In this sugges- tion the Department concurs, but the question is one of general appli- cation, requiring a change in existing law, which has been considered elsewhere in this report. 112 CONSOLAR SERVICE. SALARIES. Mr. Heap's views upon this subject are here produced in extenso. The general remarks made heretofore on this subject render it unueces- «ary for the Department to repeat that, in its opinion, the salaries of consular oflBpers are inadequate for their support, except where they are largely aided by unofBcial fees, or their legal share of the fees of sub- ordinate agencies, and that this inadequacy is particularly marked in the Ottoman dominions and in the Bast. There the peculiar and deli- cate duties and the large expense arising from the privileges oi extra- territoriality, from the education and prejudices of the natives, from the religious difiiculties which spring from the presence and labors of the missionaries, from the expense of living, and the appearance which a maintenance of prestige requires, demand the presence of ofScers of peculiar attainments and tact, whose valuable services are worthy of proper remuneration, and who are necessarily at an expense greater than that incurred by consuls at European or similar posts in other countries. Mr. Heap says : Onr consuls in this country aro iusufficiently paid, and it is a subject of frequent complaint tliat their salaries do not meet their expenses, eveu when tlieseare reduced to the most modest sum. It may be thought that the increase of pay here recom- mended is excessive, but it is much within bounds, and even with this increase their compensation would still be inferior to that of the consuls of other nations ; it would certainly be liarely sufficient to enable them to live in a manner corresponding with the position they occupy. I venture to say that not an intelligent American has trav- eled in this country, and been brought, in contact with our consuls, but what has been surprised and mortified at the manner in which they are obliged to live. I would recommend the salaries of the existing consulates to be fixed at the follow- ing rates : Constantinople: Secretary 6f legation and consul-general; present salary, |3,500; no change. Smyrna : Consul ; present salary, i|2,iS00 ; to be raised to $3,000. Beirut: Consul; present salary, $2,000 ; to be raised to $2,500. Jei-uealem : Consul; present salary, $l,i500 ; to be raised to $2,000. The Department considers these recommendations extremely reason- able, and thinks they should be adopted. It is understood that the sal- aries thus recommended are less than those now received by the consuls in Turkey of any other foreign Government, notwithstanding the fact that most of them are officials in a service which promises them a per- manent career. CLERICAL ASSISTANCE. The consulate-general of Constantinople, the consulates at Beirut and Smyrna, and (if they are established) the offices at Sofia, Bulgaria, and Philii)popolis, should each have one clerk, at $500, at least, per annum. DUTIES OE EXISTING CONSULATES. The consulate-general at Constantinople corresponds with, and makes reports to, the Department of Sta";e, receives and answers communica- tions from, and gives instructions to, the consuls at Smyrna, Beirut, and Jerusalem, and the agencies in its district, receives and forwards dispatches from these consuls to the Dei)artment of State, appending such remarks as mny be deemed necessary for the information of the Dejjartmeut, examines and certifies invoices, landing certificates, &c., holds consular courts for the trial of cases between Americans, and, where a foreigner is plaintiff and an Am'erican defendant, tries Ameri- CONSULAR SERVICE. 113 cans for crimes and misdemeanors, receives, transmits, and prosecutes claims and complaints of American citizens against Turkish aathorities or subjects, or refers them when necessary, with explanations, to the United States minister for communication to the Porte, receives, trans- mits, and prosecutes claims and complaints of American citizens against foreign subjects to their respective consuls, vis^s passports, records correspondence, &c. As secretary of legation, the consul-general has supervision over the records of the legation, makes or corrects translations of correspond- ence, has charge of the issue of passports, legation a,ccounts, and other miscellaneous business. There are other matters which require the daily attention of the consul-general, but which it would be tedious and useless to enumerate. The consuls at Smyrna, Beirut, and Jerusalem have similar duties, with the exception of those which pertain especially to the consul-gen- eral and secretary of legation. Consuls have also to answer frequent inquiries from private individuals in the United States regarding the commerce, agriculture, and statistics of the country. Organization of the eonsnlar service in Tarhey. CoNSTANTiNOPu:. (CoDsolate-general.) Consnl-geueral, also secretary of 'legation $3, 500 00 Vioe-corisnl-general. (N6 compensation.) Marshal of consular court 1,000 00 1 ilragoman - 480 00 1 cavass - 184 40 Smyrna. (Consulate.) Oonsnl 2,500 00 Vice-consul. (Unpaid.) 1 dragoman 300 00 1 dragoman. (Unpaid.) 1 clerk 500 00 1 cavass 18d 00 1 cavass.. 100 00 Bbirut. (Consulate.) Consul 2,000 00 Vice consul. (Unpaid.) 1 dragoman 400 00 2 dragomans. (Unpaid.) , 1 clerk 600 00 1 cavass : 100 00 1 cavass 100 00 2 cavasses. (Unpaid.) / Jerusalem. (Consulate.) Consul , 1,500 OO Vice-conBul. (Unpaid.) 1 dragoman 400 00 1 dragoman. (Unpaid.) 1 cavass 100 00 1 cavass 100 00 1 cavass. (Unpaid.) Modifications recommended »» tke organixaiion of the consulates i» Turkey. Constantinop'lb. (Consulate-general.) • Consul-general |3, 500 00 ♦ Vice-consul-general'. 2,000 00 * Also, to act as be now does as secretary of legation. + To be also second secretary of legation. One is needed, and the salary should he sufficient to secure the services of a competent American. , H. Ex. 121 8 114 CONSULAK SERVICE. Marshal of the ooneular cooits IK1,0(X) 00 1 dragoman 1,000 00 1 dragoman -. ,. 300 00 1 clerk 800 00 1 cavass 212 00 1 cavass 185 00 Smyrna. (Consulate.) Consul ; $3,000 00 Vice-consul and clerk 1,200 00 1 dragoman ^ 600 00 1 dragoman .' 300 00 1 cavass 212 00 1 cavass ..'..i 185 00 Beirut. (Consulate.) Consul $2,500 00 Vice-consul and clerk 1, 200 00 1 dr^oman 600 00 1 dragoman 300 00' 1 cavaaa : 312 00 1 cavass 185 00 1 cavass. (Unpaid.) Jerusalem. (ConsulateO Consul $2,500 00 Vice-consul and clerk -. iiOO 00 1 dragoman '. ; 600 00 1 cavass .' -■. : 212 00 1 cavass .^. 185 00 1 cavass. (Unpaid.) SiVAS. (Consulate.) Consul $2,000 00 Vice-consul and clerk 500 00 1 dragoman 600 00 Icavass 185 00 1 cavass 159 00 Phiuppopolib. (Consulate.) Consul ■ $2,500 00 Vice-consul 500 00 1 diagoman 600 00 1 cavass j. 185 00 Icavass 159 00 Salonica. (Consulate.) Consul $1,500 00 Vice-consul and clerk 300 00 1 dragoman 500 00 1 cavaas 1.59 00 1 oavasB ..■ i32 00 Sofia. (Consulate-general.) Consulrgeneial $»,500 00 Vice-consul-general and clerk 1,200 00 1 dragoman 600 00 1 cavass 21200 1 cavass 185 00 EGYPT. In Egypt, the United States is represented at Cairo by a diplomatic agent and consul-general, receiving a salary of $5,000. Subordinate to him are a number of agencies, important as affording protec ion and aid to traveling Americans, but yielding little compensatio n to the' agents or returns in fees to the Government. These agencies could CONSULAR SERVICE. 115 probably be continued as honorary vice-consulates, and this course is recommended. The agent and consul-general should receive $6,000 per annum, and be allowed for vice-consul and clerk, $1,000 ;. an interpreter at $300 ; two janissaries at $200 each. It may be found necessary here- after to provide for a consul at Alexandria. If this be done his salary should not be less than $3,000. URUGUAY. The consular service in Uruguay consists of a consulate at Golonia, compensated by fees, which amount to nothing, with a subordinate agency at Paysanda, the fees from which during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, were $110. A consulate at Montevideo, with a salary of $2,000, where fees were received during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, amounting to $2,458.24. An honorary vice-consul might be retained at Colonia, and one also at Paysandu. The post at Montevideo, because of its importance and because of its distance from the United States, the expense of living, &c., should be more adequately compensated. It is thought that a salary of $4,000 should be allowed the consul here. VENEZUELA. The consular service in Venezuela consists of : A consulate at Giudad Bolivar, compensated by fees amounting in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, to $713.76. A consulate at La Guayra, mth a salary of $1,500. The fees returned during the fiscal year endipg June 30, 1882, were $1,251.68. Barcelona and Garupano are agencies under La Guayra. > A consulate at Maracaibo, with a salary of $2,000. Fees returned for the fiscal year ending June iSO, 1882, amounted to $3,122.10. Subject to Maracaibo are the following consular agencies : Coro, San Cristobal, and V^lera. A consulate at Puerto Cabello, with a salary of $1,500. Fees received are small in amount. It is recommended that all these posts be re- tained, with the following ranks and salaries : Ciudad Bolivar, a vice- consulate, with a salary of $500 ; La Quayra, an important seaport from which a line of steamers runs regularly to New York, a consulate, with a salary of $2,000 ; Maracaibo, from which large business is done by means of lighters to Oura§ao, where the goods are transhipped to American steamers, a con- sulate, with a salary of $3,000; and Puerto Gabello, also a port of call for the American line; a consulate, with a salary of $2,000. Bareelona, new consular agency, honorary vice-consulate. Curasao, new consular agency, honorary vice-consulate. Oampano, new consular agency, honorary vice-consulate. Oumana:, new consular agency, honorary vice-consulate. Sam Cristobal, new consular agency, honorary vice consulate. Yalera, new consular agency, honorary viee-consulate. doro^ new consular agency, vice-consul, $250. 116 CONSULAR SERVICE. AFRICA. There are now upon the west coast of Africa a consular agency at Saffi and one at Mogador, subordinate to the consulate at Tangiers. The receipts at these places amount to notliiag. It might be well, how- ever, for the protection of such Americans or American ships as may resort to this coast to continue these posts as honorary vice consulates provided proper oiBcers can be found. There is a consulate at Bathurst, in the dominions of Great Britain, from which no fees of any apprecia- ble amount have been received, and a consulate at Sierra Leone (also a British colony), which is allowed a salary of $1,000, and returns some $300 in fees. At Monrovia 'the minister acts as consul-general, and has under his supervision a consular agency at Grand Bassa, where the fees are extremely small in amount, and another at Cape Coast Castle and Cape Palmas. Proceeding south we come to Gaboon, where there is a commercial agent receiving a salary of $1,000., This place is under French juris- diction, and a recommendation as to it is made under the head " France." Passing the Congo River we reach St. Paul de Loando, subject to Portugal, where there is a consul with a salary of $1,000. The next post is at Cape Town, under British jurisdiction, where there is a consulate with a salary of $1,500. Off this coast are various other posts, which are considered elsewhere, including the Cape de Terde, Madieira, Azores, and other islands. The importance of this whole African coast (both the east and the west) for commercial purposes is now first being made apparent to the world largely through the efforts of American explorers. The United States have for many years supplied Central Africa to an extent, second in some things only to England, with cotton goods, notions, &c. Most of this trade has heretofore been carried on by way of Zanzibar, but re- cent explorations, particularly the journey of Mr. Stanley, who lauded on the east coast opposite the island of Zanzibar and penetrated through the heart of Africa to the west coast at the mouth of the Congo, have given a new turn and renewed impetus to the trade with Africa. These facts have not been ignored by the Governments of Europe, France and England — particularly, who are the principal competitors with the United States in many supplies sent to Africa — have omitted no exertion to retain and increase their trade there. The international society, of which the King of Belgium is the pres- ident, which he largely sustains from his private funds, and which em- ploys Mr. Stanley as its chief executive officer, is opening up the Congo River by building roads and stations upon its banks, for the benefit of the World at large, and, as it is understood, with no selfish or exclusive motives. France and Portugal have taken decided steps towards a control of Central African trade, and Great Britain, with several colonies upon the coast, governed by able men, well-compensated, and with well- trained consular officers at other places, is competently served in its efforts to protect and advance its commerce and manufactures, where- as the United States, which heretofore have had a large trade with the continent of Africa, in cotton especially, cannot long continue in the face of this systematic endeavor of commercial rivals to hold their own unless some vigorous steps are taken towards an increase, both in num- CONSULAR SERVICE. 117 ber and in salary, of its consular representatives on both coasts of Africa. The present salaries, where any salaries are paid, except in Liberia, are totally insufficient to obtain the services of competent men willing to remain at their posts, and not engage in other business, which neces- sarily impedes free and independent action on behalf of American in- terests. Excepting Liberia, but two posts on the west coast are sal- aried, each at $1,000, which is totally insufficient to support the incum- bent, and which, under no circumstances, could attract an American citizen, and cause him to leave his home in the United States to live upon this fever-infested seaboard. The salary of $1,000, under the law and regulations, brings the consul within the class permitted to engage in trade. Being so engaged, his personal advantage and the protection of his private business, however honest he may be, will tend to warp his judgment and prevent independent action when prejudicial to the interests of those immediately surrounding him. This is no less true of the east coast, where there is a consular agent (without salary) at Port Natal, under British jurisdiction ; a consul at JPort Louis, Maurituis, under British jurisdiction, with a salary of $2,000, which, fortunately, prevents him from trading ; a consulate at Mozam- bique, which is allowed bylaw a salary of $1,000; a consulate at Tama- tave, Madagascar, allowed a salary of $2,000, and having under it two consular agencies, one at^Ande Kabe and the other at Majonga, where there are no exports to the United States and no fees ; and a consulate at Zanzibar, with a salary of $1,000, permitted to trade. This consulate is, of course, always occupied by a gentleman connected with the prin- cipal American house in the island. If the United States are to retain their commerce with Africa, or if it is deemed fit and right that that commerce should increase in propor- tion to the business done there by the principal competitors of this country in manufactured articles, then it is necessary to entirely reor- ganize the consular force on both coasts, to increase it in number, and particularly to increase the salaries. It cannot be expected that com- petent American citizens, able to properly represent their Government, and to protect aind advance the interests of their fellow citizens, can be induced to resort to the unhealthful coasts of Africa at their own ex- pense for the insignificant compensation now allowed to them. If it is the desire of this Government to employ some casual merchant to be found from time to time engaged in other business upon the coast and to depend upon him for the defense and advancement of the interests of our fellow countrymen, then probably the present system may continue ; but if it be desired to retain our hold upon the cotton trade of Africa, to continue to export there from oar manufactories the various prod- ucts heretofore sent ; if it be desired to increase the sale there of our productions, as the interior is gradually opened and as its,millions of in- habitants awaken to a desire for the products of more advanced civil- ization, then it will be necessary to send to the coasts of that continent men whose first and only duty will be to protect and advance the inter- ests of American trade and to protect American citizens in their pro- perty and persons. Such mten cannot be obtained for from $1,000 to $1,500 a year. Africa is rapidly becoming the scene of commercial strife. It is there that the manufacturers of Europe are now looking to extend their sales, and if the United States are to take their share in the open- ing of what promises to be a remunerative business^ the aid of a com- petent consular corps is needed. 118 CONSULAE SERVICE. Mr. Smythe, minister arid consul-general of the United States in Li- beria, states on the subject that — The European world is taking advantage of every opening on the coast where op- portunity is given it, and is using its best efibrts to reach and control the interior \ trade (Central Africa), and the United States, with an increasing population, which the monthly statistics of immigration show, it may not be unwise with reference to future contingencies for the Government to be advised that Africa is a mart for our industries too important to be left unregarded, to be indifferently allowed to bo wholly occupied by others, without concern on the part of the United States. Mr. Seward, then Assistant Secretary of State, in 1879, wrote to the minister of the United States in France as follows : The interest taken in France in even the wildest schemes looking to the commercial opening up of the interior of North Africa to French traders and French goods, such as the projected conversion by French capital of the Desert of Sahara into an inland sea, and the still bolder scheme of a desert railway from Algiers to the French settle- ment on the Senegal, points strongly to a conviction in the minds of thoughtful Frenchmen that a great opportunity for trade lies back of the African coast, which will, in a great measure, fall to the nation having the foresight to open such a trade, the chance to develop it, and the ability to produce at the cheapest, but still suffi- ciently remunerative rates, the wares to be bartered for native products. In describing the west coast of Africa, Mr. Smythe continues : The soil of the whole west coast is alluvial for distances varying from two to fifty miles eastward from the Atlantic coast line, excepting headlands or promontories. * ' * * The gold coast is very swampy, the water is filthy, and for domestic purposes good water is scarce. The Niger River region is alluvial, and for many miles un- healthy. To say the best of the west coast, it is trying to strong physiques and good constitutions, and dangerous to the feeble and uuhealthy. It does seem that the ap- proaches to the iilterior healthy country are guarded and protected for some reason from the outer world by a most dangerous and malarial climate. The life lived here in West Africa is necessarily very different from that of other portions of the world of which I have any knowledge. Though West Africa is a portion of the tropics, yet in many parts, in the general, it is rarely extremely hot, never cold, but always somewhat humid, and this humidity which makes it bearaMe to new-comers sooner than it otherwise would be — this comparative pleasantness — is full of danger to the thoughtless and unwary. Much comfort is required to make the living here pleasant and satisfactory, much more than in other parts of the tropics. Hence, the expense of living here is augmented, on account of which olificers required to reside on the coast should be liberally compensated for the risk to their lives and the injury they must necessarily suffer in health, So much greater is the risk to life here than elsewhere that England and the continental nations of Europe who have representatives on the coast of West Africa allow one year's residence heijB to count for two, and they give officials frequent leaves of absence and pay them liberjj salaries. A similar course is pursued by mercantile houses. * » * The Congo Or Zaire River is growing into commercial prominence, and some point should be^fixed upon for consular representation, I respectfully subuiit. Commander Barker, of the United States Navy, who has lately visited the African coast, states : This, * * * then, is the time to strengthen our relations with South Africa by commercial ties, by visits of our men-of-war. This offlcer further says : It is difficult for one who has never been here to comprehend the importance of this great country. By the average American it is appreciated as little as was the United States one hundred years ago by the inhabitants of Europe. The future possibilities of this country are immense. There isalready a large trade with America, but * » * most of the freight is brought out in foreign ships. The growth of Cape Colony alone is shown by the following figures : Actual revenue : 1863 $2,456,260 1873 : 6,093,100 1880-1881 15,499,850 CONSULAR SERVICE. 119 Shipping (inward tonnage) : 1863: £297,216 1873 612,211 1881 ^ 2,540,910 Imports (excluding specie) : 1863 $11,379,165 1873 25,650,325 1881 , 46,135,855 Exports (excluding specie and diaaionds) : 1863 11,122,230 1873 19,539,555 1881 21,103,530 Railways, miles open : 1873, 63i ; 1881, 959i. Telegraphs, miles open : 1882, 5,496. TRANSVAAL. Commander Barker continues : Transvaal is a republic under the nominal suzerainty of England. It is immensely rich in gold and other minerals. A syndicate, of which the Rothchilds are members, is now developing gold raises in that country, and the yield is said to be fabulous. At present, however, the difficulty of transporting freight into the Transvaal is very great. Machinery is being slowly introduced, and it is probable that before many years a railroad will be built thence to Delagoa Bay, which seems td be the port des- tined by nature to serve the Transvaal. [It is reported that the right to build this railroad has been ceded to Americans.] In addition to the mines, Transvaal is said to be a grand country for sheep and for agriculture. Large quantities of wool, brought in on ox teams, are arriving at Natal daily. Some of the Natal inhabitants think the railroad which now runs to Pieter Maritzburg and beyond may be extended to the Boer country. It will depend very much, however, on the push and enterprise of the inhabitants of. Natal, and upon the facilities for shipping at the latter place. The Boers have pushed beyond the Trans- vaal, and have set up two independent republics already. Those are not even under the suzerainty of England, and I am credibly informed by people in Natal that the English Government does not interfere now with the Boers. Notwithstanding the wealth of the Transvaal, the United States have no represenative there. — -'-" eyncEioEANGE pebb state enficE mayh ]oyfla^: Is a flourishing republic. We have a treaty which provides for the privilege of appointing a consul, but I understand that there is no official representative Ameri- can within her border. • NATAL Has a governor, executive' and legislative council of its own. It is a very rich country, and is being rapidly developed. Its climate is said to be perfectly healthy. Large quantities of sugar are manufactured, and portions of the land are well adapted for sheep-raising. » » » There are ten families of American missionaries within its borders, some of whom have been here over thirty years. It has been my good fortune to meet them all. at their annual gathering, about twenty miles from Durban. They are a fine-looking set of men and women, and, from all accounts, are doing much to educate the natives and to better their condition. I am glad to learn, also, that their services are appreciated by the present Government. Some of the natives are purchasing lands outright, are erecting a better style of hut or cabin, and are intro- ducing furniture. The children are said to be bright, and at the schools will compare favorably with white children in intelligence. * « * i ^^n,g told by the oldest missionaries that they could not remember a single instance when either the men or the. women of the missions had been ill-treated. * * * At the gathering before mentioned I met at least forty Americans, including men, women, and children. * * ' The bar at Port Natal will admit vessels drawing twelve feet, or, at highest tides, fonrtfien feet may perhaps be taken over. This prevents large vessels from en- tering the snug anchorage inside the bar. The swell sets across the entrance, so that it is positively dangerous for ordinary boats to cross the bar even at high tide. Mer- chant vessels are forbidden to use their boats, and we were warned against it. In fact, during our stay our boats could not have been used, owing to the heavy surf on the bar. Tag-boats have to be chartered for ships' use. There were thirteen sailing ves- sels inside the bar at the wharves, none of them American, and vessels drawing twelve 120 CONSULAR SERVICE. feet ■will do most of the business here, with the exception of that done by largd steamers, which anchor ont'Side. Jetties are being constructed to deepen the channel, and it is hoped that in time a good shiprchannel can be maintaiined. In a supplementary report, with regard to the port of Natal, Com- mander Barker states : In the year 1881 397 vessels cleared from Port Natal, of which only one was bound for the United States, and that one in ballast ; while during the same year (1881) 392 vessels entered, of which 20 were from the United States, with full cargoes. The chief productions of and exports from Natal are wool and unrefined sugar * * * During 1881 12,564,709 pounds of wool were exported to England alone, valued at £4.50,024 or $2,18B,616. During the same year (1881) 171,787 hundredweight sugar were exported from Na- tal, valued at £172,237 or|837,600. The total value of exports in 1881 from Natal was £768,038 or $3,735,224, and of imports £1,912,856 or J|9,302,856. There are now 80 post-offices in the province. The following nations are represented by full consuls : Netherlands, JPortugal, Belgium (acting), German Emirire. The Statistics have not been published yet for 882. The import trade from the United States to Natal was as follows : 1873, 4 ships ; 1874, 5 ships; 1875, 2 ships; 1819, 6 ships ; 1877, 9 ships; 1878, 8 ships; 1879,14 ships; 1880,25 ships; 1881, 20 ships; 1882,24 ships; and the first quarter of 1883, 8 ships; the tonnage increasing from 951 tons in 1873 to 7,067 tons in 1882, and 2,056 tons in the first quarter of 1883; and the value of the imports increasing from $128,- 042.48 in 1873 to $545,943.43 in 1882. Our representative at Natal is a consular agent, Mr. Cato, an English- man, who has been for over forty years in that place. He laid out the present town of Durban, and built the road to Pieter Maritzburg. He is a wealthy man, of intelligence and high standing, and through his ex- ertions the missionaries have been greatly aided. He has been our agent there for some ten years. In a conversation between Commander Barker and Mr. Cato, the latter said : That the United States were losing a grand opportunity to develop trade and to strengthens relations with this growing country ; that now is the time to act; that the United States should have able, wide-awake men throughout the colony ; that there should be a consular agent in the Transvaal by all means, and that here in Natal there should be a vice-consul at least, if not consul. To the intimation that if such were the case he would lose his position as consular agent, Mr. Cato replied : Never mind, I am an old man and have plenty to do; I know I wonldlose the,place, but it makes no difference to me. I want to see the United States doing its duty here in developing trade, &o. If it does not do so it will misti a great opportunity. And he added : I shall be only too glad k> give my successor all ,the information I have to further that object. Commander Barker concludes on this point by saying that in view of the rapidly increasing commerce and importance of South Africa he strongly recommends that a consul-general be appointed to have general supervision over the whole of this part of the country : A capable energetic man of ability could do much to further American interests. In addition to this, there should be a full consul at Cape Town, Fort Elizabeth, and Natal. Nothing need be said as to the need of a consul at Cape Town. The impor- tance of this place is comparatively well known, but of Port Elizabeth little seems to he known except to a few. POET ELIZABETH Is a flourishing city in the eastern province of Cape Colony. Its inhabitants have overcome ditBculties which seemed insurmountable, and have made a garden of a desert. Its buildings would do honor to any country. Its trade with the United CONSULAE SEEVICE, 121 States amounts to more than that of Caipe Town. The enterprise of its inhabitants is proverbial throughout the colony. Strange to say, the consular agent for this place is an Englishman, born in South Africa [the pay is too small to attract an American not called there by other business], an upright gentleman, against whom nothing can he said, and one who woulp represent any country with honor. He himself admits, however, that it would be better to have an American consul represent the country — one who is not engaged in the American trade like himself. He, Mr. J. W. Philip, is one of the largest importers of American goods, and the fact that he is consular agent causes some feeling among other firms doing business with America. Mr. Philip knows this, and although fie says he does not derive any benefit from having the invoices of other firms pass through his hands as cousnl, for he is the largest im- porter, still he says the feeling is a natural one, and he is perfectly willing to give up the agency, for it does not pay pecuniarily. (This is a necessary evil when no salary or an inadequate one is paid.) An American wool merchant of excellent standing, who was consular agent for eight years at Port Elizabeth, says the fees do not pay for the trouble; that he was frequently out of pocket himself when he held the position, as he preferred giving his own money to a distressed sailor, for instance, rather than draw on a consul 500 miles away (Cape Town), with the chance that the draft would be disallowed or be the occasion of an extended correspondence. Commander Barker continues : There is a grand chance, as before stated, to develop American trade, and I know that those who are endeavoring to do so do not like it that one who is in the bnsiuess Rhonld be the consular agent here, for I have been spoken to on the subject by repre- eentaitves of this class. I cannot expect to make the Department realize what the inhabitants of Port Eliz- abeth have done to develop trade. The best evidence is the "report of the committee of the Port Elizabeth Chamber of Commerce " for the year ending December 31, 1881 ; * * " but this report does not show what obstacles they had to overcome at the start. Port Elizabeth and pape Town are both competing for the trade with the diamond fields, and both are running railroad lines to that portion of the country. A consul should be sent to Natal in place of a consular agent, and at least a con- sular .agent should be appointed to look out for American interests in the Transvaal and Orange Free States. The~consul-general should have his headquarters at Cape Town, which is the most central place. His jurisdiction might extend up- the west coast of Africa if necessary. Consular agents at other places in South Africa as at present. Nothing can be added to the very clear and interesting statement of Commander Barker, which in substance reflects the views of this De- partment, and it is recommended that the post at Cape Town be given the grade of consulate-general, with a salary of $4,000 a year (the officer now there receives but $1,500, which is insiifflcient for his support), and that provision be made for a consul at $2,000 a year at Port Elizabeth, and another at Natal, together with a consul at $2,500 a year to be sent to the Transvaal Eepablic. Referring now to the West Coast, upon which Mr. Smyth, minister and consul-general at Monrovia, has reported, Mr. Smyth says: BATHUUST, aAMBIA, The consulate at Bathnrst, Gambia, a feed post [not at present filled], is of impor- tance for the reason that a large interior trade may be directed thitherward in con- sequence of its accessibility by water and land. Already there is a large ground-nut and hide trade there ; and what is true of Bathurst is equally true of Goree and Dakar (both unhealthy places, but of the two Dakar is the better) and St, Louis. At none of these places are we at present represented, neither Dakar nor St. Louis, although an American firm seriously contemplated commencing business at St. Louis some time since, [Since this was written an officer has been appointed at Dakar, a resident, without salary. ] 122 CONSULAR SERVICE. SIERRA LEONE Is growing in importance, as is shown by the large, profitable business of the Ameri- can firm which has long been established here, and the fact that [old and leading houses, one English and the other French] "have constantly of late years had Ameri- can vessels under charter, bringing American manufactured articles, ;provision8, lum- ber, tobacco, and kerosene to them direct without the intermediary aid of the estab- lished American house [now there in business]. And it is a fact of importance that tobacco, lumber, and kerosene always find a ready sale here. This post could not wisely be dispensed with, it being necessary to our commerce. The consul at Sierra Leoue receives a salary of $1,000, and is allowed by statute to engage in trade. CAPE COAST CASTLE [Is now a consular agency, and] is a place of yearly increasing importance as the chief point of the Gold Coast, from the fact of its proximity to the developing mines of the Ashantee Coast country, the known richness of this region having long since merited and received by geaeral consent the name Gold Coast. * " * At this place, and contiguous to it, a not inconsiderable number of American ships go annually and carry on a good trade in staple commodities. On this portion of the coast there is less necessary, barter than at other points, since gold dust in ounce measurement is the standard of values here, and is freely paid for purchases. LAGOS. As to this point Mr. Smyth says that with it — Our country has direct interest in consequence of an American firm being established here, and in' successful operation; • ■« * but aside from that there should be a consular agency here on account of the great importance of the place commercially, and its possibilities, should good relations continue between Lagos and Abeokuta. And he further says: The resources of Lagos in themselves are small, but the commercial river, the flow of which from Abeokuta irrigates Lagos, which yields thereby a handsome revenue to the British Crown. And here I beg respectfully to quote a part of my utterances, which bear upon this subject, made to the Department four years ago about Lagos, Whydah, and Bonny. Lagos is the richest port on the West Coast, producing to the British Government a revenue nearly double that of the Sierra Leone Colony. (Mis- sionary Herald, November, 1979, Boston ; p. 443, note 4. Journal Society of Arts, June 13, 1879, p. 645. ) In 1875 English produce imported at Lagos was valued at £459,737 ; African produce exported, £517,536; a total £977,273=$4,590,000. Lagos maybe properly termed the gateway to Abeokuta, the most important place in the Yonraba Country, the land of the Aku, Egba, aud Ebo nations. * * * Whydah is the priucipal seaport of the King of Dahomey, a powerful heathen monarch, but a man deeply interested in the commerce of his country, as I learned from an educated wealthy Aken merchant of Sierra Leone resident at Qnitta, though largely engaged in trade at Whydah. The commerce of this country is palm oil, palm nuts, and ivory. Gaboon, St. Paul de Loando (situated below the Congo on Portu- guese territory), and Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, are the three important political points on the west coast of Africa. Eecommenda- tions as to these posts are made elsewhere. (Gaboon; see Prance.) ST. PAUL DE LOANDO. Gaboon and St. Paul are points of similar political and commercial importance. The interesting struggle now going on for the control of the commerce of the Congo Eiver has made these two points of great importance, the one being the chief city of the French power in the neighborhood, and the other having the same relations to Portugal. The present consulate receives a salary of $1,000 and may trade. CONSULAR SEEVICE, 123 LIBEKIA. As to Liberia the minister says : ^ The potential c6inmeroial importance and necessity of Liberia as a central, health- ful, western outlet to the rich Soudan territory, susceptible of indefinite expansion, and the radiation of civilized influence's all over Central Africa, cannot be too highly estimated nor too zealously fostered, while it is true that a half century has passed since freed negroes from the United States, the West Indies, and the Cortgo have formed an autonomous existence hete, and in view of the difficulties which surrounded them in the beginning, aud which are not wholly removed, much commercial activity has distinguished these settlers, aud there has been gradual peaceful increase rather than diminution of trade. If the large oil and palm-nnt, coffee and sugar, camwood and ginger trade of Liberia has not found its way to our shores to the extent which could have been desired, the reason is to be attributed to the meager carrying facili- ties between West Africa and America. The accumulated wealth of English, Grcrman, and Dutch houses (one of which has been established ever since 1846) at all the ports of entry of Liberia, testify to the importance commercially of Liberia. GEAND BASSA, LIBERIA. GrandUassa (where the United States have a consular agency now vacant), Mon- rovia (where the minister, who is also the consul-general, resides), and Cape Palmas (where t^ere is a consular agency) are necessary and important places for consular representation. In this counectiou it is appropriate to again advise the Department of the importance of the Cavalla River as an interior highway, navigahle for small craft for a distance of quite 200 miles. Gold washings have been found on its banks, and when explored further it may be found to be one of those rills running flrora the ancient gold-ribbed Kong Mountains, indicating to commerce the rich deposits of and near Its headwaters. The Cavalla River flows throilgh Maryland County. BONNY. Bonny, a country governed by a Christian king, George Repple by name, whose father signalized his reign by the abolition of the slave trade in his kingdom, is the important oil port on the coast. From personal acquaintance with His Majesty, I can with confidence assure the Department, from various conversations had with him in London, 1878, that American commerce would he welcomed in his country, and a rep- resentative would be gladly received there. This is the important place at the mouth of the Niger River. ABEOKUTA , Is a very stable Government, it having more than once resisted the hostile approaches and assaults of the powerful Dahomey king. The products of this country are cotton, corn, shea-butter in abundance, and the silk worm is believed to be raised either in or near Abeotuta/ on account of the valuable native silk clothes, w\hich are sold in Abeokuta, of native manufacture, at prices ranging from £1 to £10. These are worn as wraps by women. The country is also rich in blue and crimson dyes, the purity and brilliancy of which are intensified by time ; the older the fabric the brighter the coloring. ST. LOUIS AND DAKAR Are places of frequent resort of Central African traders, who bring gold, ostrich feath" ers, ivory, raw and manufactured hides with them to be bartered for cotton cloth' guns, swords, beads, and various articles of foreign manufacture.' This Senegal region produces an abundance of ground-nuts, of which a spurious oil, called olive, is_ manufactured and sold in aud out of Frauce. A fine quality of coffee is grown here and sold to the French. The direct connection of these places with Central Africa make them important, in view of the developing trade near the Niger headwaters. The fact that the French have succeeded in the construction of a rail- way from the coast near the headwaters of the Niger, gives force to the importance of these places as consular ports. * * » GRAND TABOA, Liberia, situated between Cape Palmas and Sau Pedra, is essentially an oil country, on the coast, and has been for a long time the theater of an illegal trade between the natives and the English. » » • Peace and quiet now prevail in this territory. The 124 CONSULAR SERVICE. agent of a German firm is carrying on a successful trade here, and he pays export 'dutiee for whatever is exported from Grand Tabao, although there is no civilized settlement here, nor custom-house. A prominent Rotterdam house already established at all the ports of entry of the republic is about commencing business here, encouraged by the success of the German firm alluded to. * » » A consular agency established here ■would be of Use to Liberia, but particularly .to the- New York, Boston, and Maine firms that trade in other ports of Liberia, and would have a wholesome infiuence over the manly heathen race. COOMASSIE, The capital of the dominions of the King of Ashantee, is a place at which the United States Government should be represented, ou account of the influence for good our Government would exercise over that wealthy couutry, and over a people deservedly renowned on account of the practical wisdom displayed by its rulers during three- quarters of a century, and the prowess of the people. The difficulty which presents itself to our presence in this country would be that the sea-coast of Ashantee is under the domination of England. What Mr, Smytn says of Cooinassie applies equally well to the capital of Dahomey. BONNY ANB BIDDA. As to the Niger Elver, Mr. Smyth says : There is not a more important water way in all Africa, so far as discovery has shown. Here, within a short time, England and France have discovered that it teems with millions of people, and products that may yet yield millions in money to Europe, and is a market which must be fostered even at the risk of hnmai^ lives, on account of its present and prospective importance to commerce. Here are to be found English and French consular representatives. I would respectfully advise that Bonny, at its mouth, and Bidda, some 700 miles from its mouth, be made the seats of consular o£Sces, the former an agency and the latter a consulate. » * • The Amalgamated Brit- ish Association, composed of four or five houses which formerly traded singly on the Niger, have lately so enlarged their operations that they have occupied not only im- portant points at the mouth, but have xjlanted large establishments at such plaees as Onitsha, Egga, and Bidda, from three to seven hundred miles up the river. An American consulate at Bidda would be able to do a great deal to encourage American trade in that country. I learn that traders fcom Moi'ooco, and Tripoli on the north, and Abyssinia, on the east, visit Bidda for the purpose of traffic. The French, it is said, have occupied Bammaka, a trading city at the head of navigation on the Niger, and have built a fort there. EAST COAST. What has been said about the West Coast applies with alaiost equal force to the East Coast, which, however, has been, especially in the neigh- borhood of Zanzibar, opened for a much longer time, and a very con- siderable American trade, especially from New England, has been car- ried on with Madagascar, and with the interior through Zanzibar. The consul at Zanzibar has always been a partner or employ^ of the Amer- ican house there in business. MOZAMBIQUE. A consulate iig provided for at Mozambique with a salary of $1,000. This place is under Portuguese control, and the consulate has never been filled until lately. It will be necessary, probabjy, in the immediate future to send a consul to the neighborhood of Delago Bay, situated to the south of Mozambique, as that is the probable outlet of a railroad to tap the Transvaal region. For the present, however, that may be reserved. When a consul is sent there, he should be given a sufficient salary to support him comfortably at this undesirable residence. TAMATAVE. The consul at Tamatave, Madagascar, receives a salary of $2,000, which is not augmented materialjy by "any fees. It is believed that, except CONSULAR SERVICE. •125 for the cost of the long journey to Madagascar, this salary would not be inadequate; but as the United States bears no part of the consul's expenses in going to and coming from his post further than to allow his salary to run for estimated necessary time of transit, and as ofilcers posted in tropical climates should be allowed frequent leaves of absence, the expense of which they must bear themselves, it is suggested that $2,500 is a reasonable salary for this place. ZANZIBAR. The consul here receives $1,000, and has permission under the statutes to trade. Zanzibar is an independent country, and is the key to the trade coming from the east to Central Africa. A competent consular oilScer, with a sufiBcient salary or allowance to enable him to hold the same position occupied by other foreign representativeSj arid one not engaged in trade, should be provided. Great Britain is now repre- sented at Zanzibar by an agent and consul-general, with a salary of nearly $10,000, and an assistant agent and consul, with a salary of over $3,500, a judicial assistant and vice-consul, with a salary of $3,500, an agency surgeon, a head clerk, a second clerk, and an Arabic writer, and it is also said that the Government provides a large residence for its representatives. While it is not recommended that the United States should go to such an expense as this, it is thought that an agent-and consul-general, with a salary of $7,500, should be stationed at Zanzibar, and have general control and supervision of the African business from the Gulf of Aden to Madagascar. This section of the report has been made much in detail more for future guidance than immediate action. If Congress desires to actively engage in the extension of our African trade a very co'nsideiable increase in the consular service there should be made. Unless such a policy is to be pursued, however, no increase in the number of posts is necessary, and some changes of rank and some increase of salary only are now rec- ommended. If an American is to be sent to this country to represent the United States he should be well paid, otherwise it is better to depend upon the services of resident foreigners, should any such be found avail- able for the duty and willing to undertake it. Place. Present force. Becommendationa. Saffl Mogador Batnurst Sierra Leone Monrovia G-rand Baasa Cape CoaBt Castle Gaboon (see France) . . St. Pnul de Loando: A. Cape Town Consular agents under Tangier . Consul, no salary : Consul Minister and consul-general Consular agent .- do East London Mosel Bay Port Elizabeth Port Natal Simonstown Fort Louis (Mauritius) . Mozambique Tamatave Andekabe Majonga Zanzibar : Transvaal — Goree Dakar . Consul, salary $1,000 C^onsul, salary $1,500 and some fees from agencies. Consular agent do do do do Consul, $2,000 Consul, $1,000 Consul, $2,000 Consular agent do Consul, $1,000 (No officer) .. Consul (feed) Honorary vicc-consnl?. Honorary vice-consul. Vice-consul, $1,000 present salary. No change. Honorary vice-consul. Do.' Consul, salary $2,.;00. Consul-general, $4,000. Honorary vice-consul. Do. Consul, $2,000. Do. Honorary vice-consul. Consul, $3,000. Proposed, $2,000. Consul, $2,500. Honorary vice-consul. Do. Consul-general, $7,500, with jurisdic- tion over the Bast Coast. Consul, $2,500. Honorary vioe-oonsul. 126 CONSULAR SERVICE. GOXSULAR SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES. KoTE.-^The lettters C. &. iDdioate Conenl-General; C„ Consnl; V.C., Tice-Consnli C. A,, Com meroial Agent; D. C, Deputy Consul; Agt., Agent; Mar., Marshal j Int., Interpreter; C. C, Con snlar Clerk. The letter («) indicates that the officer is a naturalized citizen, and the letter (&) that he' is authorized to transact business. Place. ARGENTINE KEPUBLIC. * Buenos Ajres. Cordoba (6).... Kosario (ft). AUSTRIA-HUNGAET. Enda-Festh (&>. Prague JUUTienberg . . Trieste Fmmt "^enna Brunn BAE.BAET STATES. Tangier Oasa Sla/nea . Xioravihe Mazagan Mogaaor Saqat ■ Safi. Tetnan (b) BELGIUM. Antwerp Brussels Oharleroi Ghent (6) Ostend Terriers and Liege. BOLITIA.t Cobya(6)...... La Past Foioei Puerto Perez . BEAZIL. ~Bahia Araeaiu, Peneifl Para Manaos ilaranlMO Pemambnco Oea/ra. Jlaeeio Hatal Faraiha Bio Grande do Snl (&) . Bio de Janeiro Santos (b) Detlerro CHILI. Coquimbo (!>) ■ ■ OaMera Talcahuano (b) Talparaiso. Present grade. C... C... Agt.. 0.... ill:: Hi:: Agt.. Agt.. C.A. C... C... Agt.. C... Agt., C ... C.A. C.G . Agt.. C... Agt., Agt.. C... Agt.. Agt.. C ... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. 07... C.G. C... Agt.. C... Agt.. C... C... Present salary. $3, 000 Fees . - . Fees . - . Tees. 1,000 2,000 '3,566 2,000 2,500 2,500 ],B00 Fees 1,600 1,600 '2,' 666' 1,000 fi,000 Fees 1,000 3,000 Proposed grade. C. G Honorary V. C . c...; C C V.C C Honorary V. C . C.G V.C Diplomatic Agt. and C. G. Honorary T.C Honorary ^C Honprary 'VVC Honorary V. C Honorary V.C Honoraiy V. C Honorary V.C V.C V.C Honorary V. C . C Honorary V. C. C.G Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C . Honorary V.C. Honorary V.C. Honorary V. C - V.C C Honorary V.C. V.C , Honorary V.C. Hoiiorary V. C . V.C C.G C Honorary V.C. V.C Honorary V.C. C C Proposed salary. * Auckland and Fayal, although in Schedule B, are exempt from the prohibition aa to trading : act of If arch 3, 1875. tMinteter resident is consul-general. CONSULAR SERVICE. Consular tervice of the United States — Continued. 127 Place. Present grade. Preaeut salarj. Proposed grade. CHINA. Amoy Tamsui and Keelung . Canton Soikow Kiungehow Pakhoi Swatow Chln-Kiang.. Fbo-Chow Biankow jckanfj Mm-Kia/ng Xew-Cliwong (6) IFm$!po Slransliai *l)o Tien-Tsin Ohtfoo C... Agt. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C... C... c... c... C. G. $3,500 ' 'a'm 3,500 8,600 3,500 3,600 5,000 Honorary V. . C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C. Honorary Y, C. Honorary v. C. C C ;... C Honorary Y. C . Honorary V. C . V.C C C.G COLOMBIA, UNITED STATES OF. Barranqnilla (b) Bio Hacha Santa Martha tBogota (b) Bwcarama/uga ... Oucuia Sondq Bnenayentara (I)) .. Carthasena (!>) Colon (Aspinwall). Boca delloro PortqBeUo San Andres Medellin (())-. Panama X^MM Unlet C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt-. Agt.. O.A. C... C... Agt.. Agt.. ^^;; c... Agt.. rees. Fees. Fees... Fees ... 3,000 3, 000 C V.C T. C... c ..,• .:.... Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C. T. C... C V.C Honorary V.C.. Honorary V. C . . Honorary V.C. V.C C.G Honorary V.C.'. COSTA BICA. San Jo86(&) Port Limon._. . PvMta Arenat . C... Agt. Agt- Fees. Honorary V.C. Honorary V. C . DENMARK AND DOMINIONS. Copenhagen $... Do Mlsinore Rmtns at. Thomas FrederickHed . Santa Cruz ... C.G. C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. 1,600 C.G. C. 2,500 Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C . C V.C Honorary V.C. ECTTADOB. Chtaya^nil Bahia de Ooratuei . C... Agt. 1,500 C.G Honorary V. C . FBANCE AND DOMINIONS. Ateiers (6) Mtmi 8af. Sone OoUo amd PhUippevUle . Onm Bordeaux PtfniSae Pau Cayenne Cognac Bor6«-Daiar C... Agt. Ag*. Agt. ^?.-. Agt. c... c... 1,000 2,600 Fees. Honorary V.C. Honorary V.C. Honorary V. C. Honorary V.C. C. Honorary V. C . Honorary V.C. V.C... C :. T; C. ' There should also be a Tice-consnl general, with salary of $2,500. t Xoi act also as. secretocjr of Iegati<^. 1 Beooinlnended in last annnal message of the President. { The minister acts as consnl-general. 128 CONSULAR SERVICE. Consular service of the United Slates — Continued. Place. Present grade. Present salary. Proposed grade. FRANCE AND DOMINIONS- Continned. Gaboon (6) G-oadeloupe Havre Brest , Oherbourg Hornfiew ...: St.MaU) »-. IiaKochelle Liinoget liyons '. ....i Marseilles Btuiia CeUe Toulon Hartinique Fort de France Nantes An^er* , L' Orient Bennef.^ -SLNazaire Nice Cannes Mentone Monaco Paris , Rbeims. Kouen (ft) , Boulogne-Sur-iCer Calais Dieppe Dunkvtk XAUe '. Boulaia St. Bartholoniiew St. Denis St. Etionne St. Pierre, Miquelon Tahiti, Society Islands FRIENDLY AND NAVIGA- TORS' ISLANDS. Apia Jaluit .. Pagopa^o GERMANY. Ai» la Ohapelle Burtiheid Annaberg Barmen Berlin Bremen Brake and Ifordenha/mm. . Oeestemunde Breslan .■ tBmnswlok Chemnitz Qla/uchau Cologne Crefeld Essen Dresden Diisaeldorf lElberfeld (i>) FranMort Hamburg Altona Kiel lAibeck Bitzetnittel and Owchaven . Kehl-.^ C.A. C... C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt... C... c Agt... Agt.. tt:: Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. it: Agt.. C.G. C... C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt. C. A. C.A. C.A. G.A. Agt. C... Agt . Agt. C .... ^?.:: C O.G.. C Agt.. c c c ^?:: C. A. C... C. G. C... i^: Agt. 1,000 1,600 3,000 Fees . . . 2,500 2,500 1,500 1,000 1,500 *6, 000 Fees ... Fees . . . Fees .. Fees ... Fees . . . Fees . . . 1,000 3,000 1,600 Fees . - - 2,000 4,000 2,500 Fees. .. Fee». .. • 2, 000 2,000 2,000 «2, 500 Fees Fees 3,000 2,500 Fees.. Honorary V. C .. Honorary V. C. Honorary V. G . Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . V.O C Honorary V. C . V.C Honorary V. C . C. V.C C Honorary V.C Honor^y V. C Honorary V. C Honorary V. G Honorary V. C . Honorary V.C. Honorary V. C. C.G Honorary V. C , - V.C Honorary V.C. . Honorary V. C . . Honorary V.C .. V.C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . C Honorary V. C . C... •• C.G Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . . C Honorary V. C . C c C.G C Honorary V. C . V.C C C C V.C C C V. C ; C. C. C. C. C. Honorary V.C. V. C Honorary V. C. Honorary V.C. C * There should also be a Tioe-consnl-general it $2,500. t Principal ui&ce to be at Magdeburg, and vioe-consnlatee (salary $600) to be established at Bruns- wick and Hanover. ' X Suggested that this office be transferred to Hargen. CONSULAR SERVICE. Consular service of the United States — Continued. 129 Place. Present grade. GERMANT— Continued. Leipsio Bera Mannheim . . . Mayenoe (6) . Munich Augsburg .. Nuremberg . . Furth Sonneberfi . . - Stettin (6).... Dantnc Konigsberg . Stuttgart GREAT BRITAIiT AND DO- MINIONS. Aden Ainherstburg, Ontario. Antigua AnguUla DmniniG a, Montserrat Nmin Portsmouth Auckland Ohrwt Church Ihinedin Monganui ItusseU Wellington ..--. Barbadoes Stlmda St. Vincent * Bathurat Belfast Imrgcm. Belize Belleville Bermuda Birmingham Kiddermvnater Redditch Wolverhampton Bom-'u?siUo UUlla ITALY. Brindisi Gastellamare . Catania .'' Florence Oagliari G-enoa San PSttio . . , Spezia Leghorn Bologna Carrara Messina Qioja ' Milazzo Milan. Naples Bari Hodi Palermo Oari/ni Qirgenti JjiAiata Marsala Terrfinova Tra/pani Kome Ancona Oivita Yecckia . Tnrin ^ Venice JAPAN. Kanagawa t Nagasaki J Osaka and HiogoJ. LIBERIA.! Monrovia § Cape Coast Castle . C6^e Palmas Grand Bassa MADAGASCAR, \\ Tamatave... Andakdb^ . Majonga . . MEXICO. Acapnlco . - Tehuantepec a/nd Salma Cruz . Chihuahua Batopilas. Hidalgo del Parol Concepcion del Oro &uayma8 i G-nerrero C .... Agt . Agt . Agt . .A. C. C. C. C.--- Agt.. C .... Agt.. Agt.. C... Agt . i±: Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C... c ... Agt.. Agt.. C... Agt . Alt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C.G. Agt,. c... C.G. C... C... C.G. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C... C.A. C.A . C... Agt.. 0.... C.A. c... c... Fees.... 1,000 Fees Peea Fees.... 1,500 1,500 1,500 ees 1,500 1,500 1,500 2,000 ,500 Fees — 1.000 4,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 Fees... Honorary T. C. Honorary T. . C Abolished Honorary V.C. Abolished Abolished — Honorary V. C Honorary T. C. (or abolished) . C C Honorary V. C . C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . C T.C V.C C Honorary T. C . Honorary V. C . Honorary Y. C . C V.C Honorary V. C . C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . C.G Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . C C C.G. C... C... C.G....' Honorary V.C. Honorary V.C. Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C. Fees C V.C V.C Honorary V.C. Honorary V. 0. Honorary«V. C . C V.C * In his last annual message the President recommended that a consulate be established at Leguci- galpa, the capital. ' If done, a salary of $2, 500 should be allowed. tShould also have a vioe.consul at a salary of $2,000. § The minister acts as consul-general. j Should have $1,500 for vic^.09n8ul. if See report under head Africa. 134 CONSULAR SERVICE. Consular service of the United States — Continued. Place. Present grade. Present salary. Proposed grade. Proposed salary. MEXICO— Contmued. La Paz Magdalena Bay. San Jofti and Cape St. Imcos. Manzanillo Mat amoros Oamargo Mier Santa Oritz Point Mazatlan Altata Quadalupe-y- Calvo Herida* Oampeachy Mexico City Monterey Nnevo Laredo Gariia Gonzalez Paao del Norte Piedras Negras Presidio def Norte Saltillo San Bias San Lnis Potosi Tampico Tuxpan Vera Cruz Coatzacoalcos Front&ra Minatitlan Zacatecas .- MCrSCAT, Muscat . Agt.. C.G . Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt"! ^.^: c... c... Agt.. C... C... C.A . C .... C..-. C... C... C... C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt c .... IfETHEELANDS AND DOMIN- IONS. Amsterdam Batavia Soerabaya Curacao Bonaire Padang Paramaribo Rotterdam Flushmg Scheidam St. Martin SL EuBtatvus. NICAEAGUA.t San Jnan del Norte and Punta Arenas Bluefields Com Island San Juan del Sur PERSIA. Teheran t. Bushire PERU.5 Callao Cerro de Pasco Lima Iquigue Anea C... c... Agt . C... Agt., C... 0.... c ... Agt. Agt. Agt C.A. Agt . Agt.. C.A. C.G . Agt . C. ... Agt. Agt C... Agt. Fees Fees .. $2, 000 Fees... Fees. 2,000 Fees... 1,000 Fees ... 1,000 Fees . . . Fees . . . . Fees Pees 1,500 Fees . . 3,000 Fees .- Fees 1,500 1,000 Fees . . . Fees ... Fees ... 2,000 1,000 Fees . . . 3,500 v.c v.c v.c v.c C.G V.C V.C v.c v.c Honorary V. C . HonorarT V. C . C Honorary V. C C.G V.C C V.C C C V.C v.c v.c v.c c v.c c v.c v.c v.c Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . C V.C v.c c v.c v.c v;c c Honorary V.C. V.C Honorary V.C. Honorary V.C. V.C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . M. R. and C. G . Honorary V. C . C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . V.C V.C $1, 000 500 500 500 3,000 250 1,000 1,000 500 2,000 2,500 1,000 2,500 1,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 2,000 1,000 3,500 250 500 250 2,000 1,000 25 2.000 250 1,000 1,000 2,500 500 1,500 1,000 500 * Should be a Tioeconsnlate established at Progreso at a salary of $1,000. , ^,. ,_ •, . ,, tin his last annual message the President recommends that a consulate be established at Mangua, the capital; if done, a salary of $2,500 should be allowed. t Minister acts as consul-general. § There should also be a vice-consulate estabhshed at Molendo, salary $500. CONSULAK SEEVICE. Consular service of the United States — Continued. 135 Place. Present grade. Present salary. Proposed grade. PERU— Continued. Lambayeque , Chimbote Dten Lobos de AJuera. Faeasmayo Payta IPumbei C... Agt. Act. Agt. Agt. Agt. Agt. PORTUGAL AND DOMINIONS. Fayal , Florea Graciosa , St George St. MichaeV8 Terceira Funcbal Lisbon* Faro Oporto Setubal Mozambiquet Santiago, Cape Verde . JBrava Fogo Sal St. Vincent St. Paul de Loandof . ROUMANIA. Bacharest * Galatz RUSSIA. * Helsiugfors Wyborg Moscow Odessa SaUmrn Foti and Tiflis . Zostoff Taganrog St. Petersburg Cronstadt Sevel Biga ;. ■Warsaw SALVADOR. 5 La Union Sonsonate La lAbertad . SAN DOMINGO. Puerto Plata.. Samana ' San Domingo . Azua Macoris SERVIA. Belgradell SIAM. C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C... C.G . Agt. . Agt.. Agt.. . ■ .. 0.... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C ... C.G . C... C .... Agt.. C .... C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C.G . ■'S-gt.. Agt . Agt.. O ■ • -■ C... C... Agt. C.-- C.A. C... Agt . Agt. C.G . Bangkokll C.G Fees. $1, 500 1,500 1,000 1,000 1,000 Fees Fees. Fees . . 2,000 Fees. Fees. Fees Fees . 1,500 5,000 V.C V.C Honorary T. C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . V.C Honorary V. C Honorary V. C . . Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C . . V,C Honorary V. C - . C M.R.andC.G.. Honorary V. . . V.C Honorary V. C . . ci::::::::::"!: Honorary V.C. Honorary V. C . . Honorary V.C. . V.C C M.R. andO. G., Honorary V. C . V.C Honorary V. C . V.C C V.C V.C V.C C.G Honorary V.C. V.C V.C V.C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . Honorary V.C. V.C V.C , C Honorary V.C. Honorary V.C. M. R. and C. G . C.G. * Minister acts as consul-general. t See report under beading Africa. Jit is recommended in the report that the following oflBoes be established: Irkutsk, V. C, $500 Archangel V. C, $500. § In his last annual message the President recommends that a consulate be established at Salvador, the capital ; if done, a salary of $2,500 should be allowed. It is also suggested that a vice-consulate be established at Acagatla, with salary $500. II Minister acts as consul-general. 136 CONSULAR SERVICE. Consular service of the United States — Continued. Place. Present grade. Present salary. Proposed grade. SPAIN AND DOMINIONS. Alicante Baracoa Barcelona 6rao I'alma Majorca . Fort Mahon Ta/rragona Cadiz . Algeciras ' Huelva Jeres de la Frontera San Luca de Ba/rra/meda . Seville Cardenas Cartliagena Carthagena Cienfnegos Trinidad de Cuba Zaza Corunna CairU Corcvliion Fenol Yigo Yivero Denia Garrucha *Havana Qibara Nuevitas IloUo tMadrid Malaga Adra Malaga Ahneria Malaga QraTiada Fvrt of Marietta Manila Ce6M Matanzas Mayagnez ^ Ponce Sagna la G-rande San Juan, P. B Aredho . Fajardo . . . Chiayama . Naguabo ., San'Juan de los Bemedios. Santander Bilbao Gi^on San Sebastian Santiago de Cuba Quantanamo Ma/nzanillo Santa Cruz Teneriffe Gramd Canary Lam.zarot£ Oroiava BaVma SWEDEN AND NOEWAY. Beigen Drontheim Stavanger . . . / Christiania t. Arendal Ohristia/nsand Gottenberg Malmo C... C.A. C... Agt. Agt. Agt. Agt. Agt. Agt'; Agt. Agt. Agt. Agt . C.A. C... C... Agt.. Agt.. C .... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C.A. O.G. Agt.. Agt.. C... C.G . C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C .... C.A. C.A. C.A. C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. ■C.A. C... Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. C... Agt.. Agt.. ^^.';; Agt.. Agt.. Agt.. 0... Agt. Agt,. C .... Agt., Agt., C .... Agt., Fees Pees . . ],500 1,500 Pees... Fees... V.C C.A C V.C Honorary V.C. Honorary V.C. V.C......:.... Honorary V.C. C HonSrary V. C . Honorary V.C. Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . V.C C.A V.C $2, 500 Fees. Fees. ,000 Fees. ""i.'soo 1,500 3,000 Fees. Fees. Fees. 2,000 Fees - . Fees . . Fees. C V.C Honorary V. C V.C... Honorary V. C . . Honorary V. C . . Honorary V. C . . Honorary V. C Honorary V. C . . V.C Honorary V. C . . C.G Honorary V. C . . V.C C C.G C Honorary V. C V.C "Honorary V. C . . V.C C Honorary V. C. C . — ..... C.A C.A C.A C V.C V.C Honorary V. C. V.C V.C Honorary V. C . V.C V.C , Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C. c , V.C V.C Honorary V.C. C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . Fees. V.C Honorary V C. Honorary V. C. V.C Honorary V. C . Honorary V. C . C Honorary V. C. * There should be also a vioeconsul, at $2,500. t The secretary of legation acts as consul-general. Fees. Fees . CONSULAR SERVICE. Consular serviee of the United Slates — Continued. 137 Place. Present grade. Present Balaiy. Proposed grade. SWEDEN AND NORWAY— ContinTied. Stockholm OhrisUanstad Gefie Norrkoping ; . . . Soderhamm Sundavall t SWITZERLAND. Bfale Ohauxd^onde * Berne G-eneva Yevey Horgen St. Salle ZnTich } TURKEY AND DOMINIONS Belrat Aintab Aleppo Alexwndretta . : , Damasciis Bmfa Latakia Marash Sidon TctrnuB and Mersine jPripoZi Cairo .». Alexandria Benisouef Girgheh EhartouTn Luxor Maneurah O^i/ut Port Said Suez Tantah Constantinople Ad/ria/nople : VardameUes FhUippopoUs Eustchuk Salonica Trehizonde Jernsalem Jaffa Smyrna Mytilene tTRFGUAY. Colouia Paysart^Ai Montevideo VENEZUELA. Ciudad Bolivar La Gruayra Sarcelona Caracas Carupano Oumana Maracaibo Goto Sam, Cristobal Yalera Pnerto Cabello ZANZIBAR. ZanizibarJ C... Agt. Agt. Agt. Ait. Fees. C... Agt. C.G. C... c .... c... 2,000 1,500 Eees Eees . . . , 2,000 Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt.andC.G Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt Agt C.G Agt. Agt Agt Agt Agt ^^*:-.:::: Agt Agt 1,500 $2," 500 C... Fees. C... C... Agt. Agt Agt. C... Agt. Agt. Agt. C ... Fees . . . 1,500 2,000 1,500 3,000 V. C, Honorary V. C. Honorary V. C. Honorary V. 0. Honorary V. C . Honorary Y. C . C... Y. 0. C.G. C... Y. C. C..-- C... C... Honorary Y. C... Honorary Y. C . . Honorary Y. C . . . Honorary V.C... Honorary Y. C - - Honorary Y. C . . Honorary Y. C. Honorary Y. C . . Honorary Y. C... Honorary Y. C... Agent and C. G. HonoT-ary Y. C . . Honorary Y. C . . Honorary Y. C. Honorary Y.C.. Honorary Y. . . Honorary V. C- Honorary Y. . Honorary Y. C . . Honorary Y C.. Honorary Y. C . C.G Honorary Y. C . . Honorary Y. C . .. Honorary Y. C . . Honorary Y. C . . Honorary Y. C . . Honorary Y. C . . C Honorary Y. C. C Honorary Y. C- Honorary Y. C. Honorary Y. C. C Y.C C Honorary V. C . Honorary Y. . Honorary Y. C . Honorary Y. C . C Y.C, Honorary Y. C . Honorary Y.C. C " Minister acts as consul-general. t Suggested that a new office (a vice-consulate), salary $500, be established at Lucerne. t Yaiijus impbrtant changes in the consnlar service in Turkey are recommended in the text. § See recommendations in report under head of Africa. 138 CONSULAR SERVICE. Consular clerks appointed pursuant to sections 1704 and 1705 of the Revised Statutes $14,400 Allowance for clerks at consulates 76, 300 Salaries consular officers not citizeus , 10, 000 Salaries interpreters to consulates iu Ghiua, Japan, snd Siam 2JJ, 000 Expenses of interpreters, guards, &c. , in the Turkish dominions 5, 000 Salaries marshals for consular courts 10, 000 Boat and pay of boat's crew at -Osaka and Hiogo 500 Hire of steam launch at Constantinople 1,000 Boat and pay of boat's crew at Bangkok 500 Loss on bills of exchange, cousular serv ice 8, 000 Contingent expenses United States consulates 150,000 Prisons for American convicts 18, 750 Rent of court-house and jail in Japan 3, 850 Bringing home criminals 5,000 Relief and protection of American seamen 50, 000 Foreign hospital at Panama 500 Rescuing shipwrecked American seamen 4, 500 Shipping and discharging seamen ' 6, 000 Allowance to widows or heirs of diplomatic and consular officers who die abroad 5,000 Rent for consnl-general at London 2, 400 DBAFT OF STATUTE DESIGNED TO CARRY OUT SUGGESTION'S IN THE REPORT ON THE CONSULAR SER VICE, WITH THE LA WS NO W IN FORCE. LAWS NOW IN FORCE. Title XVIII. (REVISED STATUTES.) AN ACT organizing the consular service of the United States. DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICERS. Chapter One.— DIPLOMATIC OFFICERS. Sec. 1674. The official designations em- ployed throughout this title shall be deemed to have the following meanings, respectively : First. "Consul-general," "consul," and "commercial agent "shall be deemed to denote full, principal, and permanent con- sular officers, as distinguished from sub- ordinates and substitutes. Second. "Deputy consul" and " consu- lar agent" shall be deemed to denote con- sular officers subordinate to such princi- pals, exercising thepowersandperforming the duties within the limits of their con- sulates or commercial agencies, respect- ively, the former at the same ports or places, and the latter at the ports or places different from those at which such prin- cipals are located, respectively. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, in Con- gress assembled : Section I. The consular service of the United States shall hereafter consist of the foUo.wing officers: Consuls-general, vice-consuls-general, deputy consuls-gen- eral, consuls, vice-consuls, honorary vice- consuls, deputy consuls, commercial agents, vice-commercial agents, deputy commercial agents, and consular clerks. These official designations shall be deemed to have the following meanings, respectively : First. "Consul-general," "consul," and "commercial agent " shall be deemed to denote full, principal, and permanent con- sular officers, as distinguished from sub- ordinates and substitutes, and are here- inafter referred to as " superior consular officers." Second. "Deputy consul-general," "dep- uty consul," and "deputy commercial agent" shall be deemed to denote consular officers subordinate to such principals, ex- ercising the powers and performing the du- ties within the limits of their consulates or commercial agencies, respectively, at the same ports or places at which such prin- cipals are located, respectively. The office of consular agent is hereby abolished. CONSULAR SERVICE. 139 Third. "Vice-consuls" and "vice-com- mercial agents " shall be deemed to de- note consular officers, who shall be sub- stituted, temporarily, to fill the places of consuls-general, consuls, or commercial agents, when they shall be temporarily ab- sent or relieved from duty. Fourth. "Consular officer" shall be deemed to include consuls-general, con- suls, commercial agents, deputy consuls, vice-consuls, vice commercial agents, and consular agents, and none others. . [The fifth clause relates to diplomatic officers, and is not here reproduced, as it does not relate to this subject.] Chapter Two.— CONSULAR OF- FICERS. Sec. 1680. The various provisions of this title, which are expressed in terms of general application to any particular classes of consular officers, shall be deemed to apply as well to all other classes of such officers, so far as may be consistent with the subject-matter of the same, and with the treaties of the United States. Sec. 1690. Consuls-general, consuls, and commercial agents appointed to the ports and places specified in Schedules B and C are entitled to annual salaries, respect- ively, at the rates specified therein. And whenever the President thinks proper to appoint a consul to any port or place named in the Schedules B and C, for a coip- mercial agency instead of such commer- cial agent, or vice versa, and an appoint- ment is made accordingly, the compen- Third. "Vice-consuls," "honorary vice- consuls," "vice-commercial agents," and " honorary vice-commercial agents " shall be deemed to denote consular officers ex- ercising the consular powers and duties subject to the jurisdiction of a superior consular officer, either at the same port or place where the supcior officer resides, or at a differentport or place within his con- sular jurisdiction, as the case may be. For convenienceof classification, when- ever the words ' 'su perior oonsu lar officers " are used in this act they shall be held to include consuls-general, consuls, and com- mercial agents, whilethe words "subordi- nate consular officers" shall be held to in- clude vice-consuls-general, deputy con- suls-general, vice-consuls, honorary vice- consuls, deputy consuls, vice-commercial agents, deputy commercial agents, and honorary vice-commercial agents. Wher- ever in the statutes of the United States consular offlcfi'S are specific^,lly enumer- ated, that enumeration shall beheldtoin- clude those herein named as superior con- sular officers and those vice-consuls re- ceiving a salary of one thousand dollars or more. N. [Last clause necessary to cover spe- cific enumeration in various statutes of all consular offi uers except consular agents. Vice-consuls receiving less than one thou- sand dollars salary take the place of these consular agents. "| Sec. 2. The various provisions of this act, which are expressed in terms of gen- eral application to any particular classes of consular officers, shall be deemed to ap- ply as well to all ■other classes of such of- ficers, so far as may be consistent with the subject-matter of the same, and with the treaties of the United States ; and the term consul as used in this act, unless otherwise specified or unless inconsistent with the subject-matter, shall be held to include oou.suls-geueral, consuls, and com- mercial agents. Sec. 3. Consular officers appointed to the port and places hereinafter specified, or which may be at any time hereafter provided for, are entitled to salaries of the rates specified. Whenever the Presi- dent deems it expedient to change the of- ficial title of the officer at any post in the consular service, and an appointment is made accordingly, the compensation for such consular officer shall be the same in any such case as that fixed for such post, the change in title notwithstanding. 140 CONSULAR SERVICE. sation for such consular officer shall be the same In any such case as that fixed for snch port or place in the schedule em- bracing the same; or whenever the Pres- ident thinks the public interests will be subserved by appointing to any such port or place a »onsul-general instead of a con- sul or commercial agent, and an appoint- ment is made accordingly, the compen- sation for such consul-general shall be the same as that fixed for such port or place in the schedule embracing the same: [Schedule B, &c., being a list of consu- lates, is here omitted, to appear at the end.] Sec. 1691. No consul-general or consul shall be permitted to hold the office of consul-general or consul at any other con- sulate, or exercise the duties thereof. - Sec. 1692. The President is authorized to appoint t]jr,ee interpreters of the Chi- nese language, who shall be entitled to compensation for their services, respect- ively, at a rate not to exceed fifteen hun- dred dollars a year, to be determined by the President, and to assign such interpre- ters from time to time to such consulates in China and with such duties as he may think proper. Sec. 1693. The salary of the interpreter at the consulate of Bangkok, in Siam, shall not exceed the sum of five hundred dollars a year, and no salary shall be al- lowed the marshal at that consulate. Sec. 1694. The President is authorized, whenever in his judgment the public in- terest may so require, to discontinue the consulate of the United States at Trinidad de Cuba, and to appoint at Cienfuegos, in that island, a consul with the same salary and emoluments as those now allowed by law to the consul at Trinidad de Cuba. Sec. 1695. The President is authorized to define the extent of country to be em- braced within an/ consulate or commer- cial agency, and to provide for the ap- pointment of vice-consuls, vice-commer- cial agents, deputy-consuls, and consular agents, therein, in such manner and under such regulations as he shall deem proper; but no compensation shall be allowed for the services of any such vice-consul, or vice-commercial agent, beyond nor ex- cept out of the allowance made by law for the principal consular officer in whose place such appointment shall be made. No vice-consul, vice-commercial agent, deputy consul, or consular agent, shall be appointed otherwise than under suchregu- lations as have been or may be prescribed by the President. Sec. 4. No consul-general or consul shall be permitted to hold the office of consul- general or consul at any other consulate, or exercise the duties tl&ereof. The President is authorized to appoint three interpreters of the Chinese language, who shall be entitled to compensation for their services respectively at a rate not to exceed twenty-five hundred dollars a year, to be determined by the President, and to assign such interpreters from time to time to the legation in China or to such consu- lates in China and with such such duties as he may think proper. [Legation in China inserted and salary raised from $1,500 to $2,500. It has been found impracticable to obtain good inter- preters at the rate heretofore fixed except where missionaries are employed, and there are strong reasons, familiar to those who have resided in the East, why, for theirown as well as the Government's ben- efit, missionaries should not be employed. "] N. [Section 1693 to be repealed. Its provisions depend upon the appropriation acts of each year, and appear better in the schedule than in the body of the act.] N. [Section 1694 to be repealed for same reason as section 1693.] Sec. 5. The President is authorized to define the extent of country to be embraced within any consulate, and to provide for the appointment of subordinate consular officers therein, in such manner and under such regulations as he shall deem proper; but no compensation shall be allowed for the services of any such subordinate con- sular officer unless provided for by law. No subordinate consular officer shall be appointed otherwise than under such regulations as have been, or may be, pre- scribed by the President. N. [Section 1695, omitting "but no com- pensation shall be allowed for the services of any such vice-consul or vice- commer- cial agent beyond nor except out of the allowance made by law for the principa CONSULAR SERVICE. 141 Sec. 1696. The only allowance to any Tice- consulate or consular agency for ex- penses shall be an amount sufficient to pay for stationery and postage on official letters. Sec. 1697. Every consul-general, con- sul, and commercial agent, before he re- ceives his commission or enters upon the duties of his office, shall give a bond to the United States, with such sureties, who shall be perinanent residents of the United States, as the Secretary of State shall ap- prove, in a penal sum not less than one thousand dollars, and in no case less than the annual compensation allowed to such officer, and not more than ten thousand dollars, and in such form as the' President shall prescribe, conditioned for the true and faithful accounting for, paying over, and delivering up of all fees, moneys, goods, effects, books, records, papers, and other property which shall come to his hands, or to the hands of any other person to his use as sucli consul-general, consul, or conmierbial agent, under any law now or hereafter enacted ; and for the true and faithful performance of all other duties now or hereafter lawt^nlly Imposed upon him as such consul-general, consul, or commercial agent. The bonds herein mentioned shall be deiJosited with the Secretary of the Treasury. Sec. 1698. Every vice-consul shall, be- fore he enters on the execution of his trust, give bond, with such sureties asshall be approved by the Secretary of State, in a sum of not less than two thousand nor more than ten thousand dollars, con- ditioned for the true andfaithful discharge of the duties of his office according to law, and for truly accounting for all moneys, foods, and effects which may come into is possession by virtue of his office. The bond shall be lodged in the office of the Secretary of the Treasury. Sec. 1699. No consul-general, consul, or commercial agi'nt embraced in Schedule B shall, while he holds his office, be In- terested in or transact any business as a merchant, factor, broker, or other tradpr, or as a clerk or other agent for any such person to, from, or within the port, place, or lijnits of his consulate or commercial agency, directly or indirectly, either in his own name or in the name or through the agency of any other person ; and he consular officer in whose place such ap- pointment shall be made," and using the term "subordinate consular officer" in- stead of an enumeration of the various officers. See Section 1.] Sec. 6. The only allowance to any sub- ordinate consular office for expenses shall be an amount sufficient to pay for station- ery and postage on official letters. Sec. 7. Every salaried consular officer before he receives his commission or ap- pointment, or enters upon the duties of his office, shall give a bond to the United States, with such sureties as the Secre- tary of State shall approve, who shall be permanent residents of the United States (except in the case of salaried subordinate consular officers, when the sureties may be citizens or subjects of foreign coun- tries), in a penal sum not le.'s than the annual compensation allowed to such officer, and not more than ten thousand dollars, and in sucli form as the President shall prescribe, conditioned for the true and faithful accounting for, paying over, and delivering up of all fees, moneys, goods, effects, bpoks, records, papers, and other property which shall come' to his hands, or to the hands of any other per- son to his use as snch consular officer, under any law now or hereafter enacted ; and for the true and faithful performance of all other duties now or hereafter law- fully imposed upon him as such consular officer. The bonds herein mentioned shall be deposited with 'the Secretary of the Treasury. N. [This extends the provision of the Revised Stattites to all consular officers re- ceiving salarit%, and makes sectionl698 un- necessary. Consular agents do not give bonds, if their places are supplied by vice- consuls with salary, bond will be required under this section; if by unpaid vice-con- suls, no bond can well be demanded.] N. [Section 1698 omitted. See forego- ing note.] Sec. 8. No superior consular officer or vice-consul, receiving a salary of more than one thousand dollars per annum, shall, while he holds his office, be interested in or transact any business as a merchant, fac- tor broker, or other trader, or as a clerk or other agent for any such person to, from, or within the port, place, or limits of his consulate or commercial agency, directly or indirectly, either in his own name, or in the name or through the agency of any 142 CONSULAR SERVICE shall in bis official bond stipulate, as a condition thereof, not to violate this pro- hibition. Sec. 1700. All consular officers whoso re- spective salaries exceed one thousand dol- lars a year shall be subject to the prohi- bition against transacting business con- tained in the preoeiling section. And the President may extend the prohibition to any consul or commercial agent not embraced in Schedules B and C, and to auy vice-consul, vice commercial agent, deputy consul, or consular agent, and may require such officer to give a bond not to violate the same. Sec. 1701. Every consul-general, con- sul, or commercial agent who violates the prohibition against transacting busi- ness required to be inserted in his official bond, shall be liable to a penalty there- for, for the use of the United States, equal in amount to the annual compensation specified for him in Schedule B, which may be recovered in an action of debt at the suit of the United States, ei ther diretly for the penalty, as such, against such con- sul-general, or consul, or commercial agent, or upon his official bond, as liqui- dated damages, for the breach of such condition against such consul-general, consul, or commercial agent, and his sure- ties, or any one or more of.them ; and in every such case all such actions shall be open to the United Statesfor the collection of such penalty till the same shall be col- lected in some one of such actions ; and every such penalty, when collected, shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States. Sbc. 1702. The compensation of con- suls whose annual salaries do not, under existing law, exceed one thousand five hundred dollars, shall, when the fees col- lected at the consulates where they are located and paid in^o the Treasury of the United States amount to three thousand dollars, be two thousand dollars a year. Sec. 1703. Every vice-consul and vice commercial agent shall be entitled, as compensation for his services as such, to the whole or so much of the compensa- tion of the principal consular officer in whose place he shall be appointed as shall be determined by the President, and the residue, if any, shall be paid to such prin- cipal consular officer ; and every consular agent shall be entitled, as compensation for his services, to such fees as he may col- lect under the regulations prescribed by the President governing the subject of fees, or to so much thereof as shall be de- termined by the President ; and the prin- cipal officer of the consulate or commer- other person; and he shall, in his official bond, stipulate, as a condition thereof, not to violate this prohibition. N. [This covers consuls-general, con- suls, and commercial agents (see section I), and vice-consuls receiving more than one thousand dollars, and with the follow- ing section embraces all the provisions of sections 1699 and 1700 Revised Statutes.] Sec. 9. The President may extend the prohibition of the foregoing section to any other consular officer, and may re- quire such officer to give a bond not to violate the same. Sec. 10. Auy consular officer within the description contained in the two forego- ing sections, who violates the prohibition against transacting business required to be inserted in his official bond, shall be liable to a penalty therefor, for the use of the United States, equal in amount to the annual compensation allowed him by law, which may be recovered in an action of debt at the suit of the United States, either directly for the penalty, as such, against such officer, or upon his official bond, as liquidated damages, for the breach of such condition against such officer and his sureties, or any one or more of them; and in every such case all such actions shall be open to the United States for the collection of such penalty until the same shall be collected in some one of snch actions; and every such penalty, when collected, shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States. N. [Section 1702 omitted as unneces- sary, if the salary is to be fixed by Con- gress ; all fees to go to the Treasury, and because the amount of fees returned is not deemed a just basis upon which to esti- mate a consul's labors or the salary he should receive. ] Sec. 11. No salaried consular officer shall receive salary during the time he is absent from his consular district without the approval of the Secretary of State, nor for any period in excess of sixty da.vs ina ny one fiscal year when absent with the approval of the Secretary of State. But this period of sixty days shall be ex- clusive of the time necessarily and actu- ally employed in transit from his post to the United States and return. During the absence of the said officer from his post with the approval of the Secretary of State for the time hereinbefore limited the subordinate officer left in charge of the post shall be paid, out of the appro- CONSULAR SERVICE. 143 cial agency -within the limits of which such consular agent shall be appointed shall be entitled to the residue, if any, in addition to any other compensation al- lowed him by law for his services therein. Sac. 1704. The President is authorized, ■whenever he shall think the public good ■will be promoted thereby, to appoint con- sular clerks, not exceeding thirteen in number S.t any one time, who shall be citi- zens of the United States and over eigh- teen years of age at the time of their ap- pointment, and shall be entitled to com- pensation for their services respectively at a rate not exceeding one thousand dollars a year each, to be determined by the Pres- ident ; and to assign such clerks, from time to time, to such consulates and with such duties as he shall direct. Sec. 1705. Before, the appointment of any such consular clerk shall be made, it shall be satisfactorily shown to the Secre- tary of State, after due examination and report by an examining board, that the applicant is qualified and fit for the duties to which he shall be assigned ; and such report shall be laid before the President, and no clerk so appointed shall be re- moved from offtce except for cause, stated in writing, which shall be submitted to Congress at the session first following such removal. Sec. 1706. The President may allow consuls-general, consuls, and commercial agents who are not allowed to trade, act • priation made for that purpose, a sum equal to one-half the consul's salary for the period of the consul's absence. If the said salaried consular officer should exceed the time hereinbefore lim- ited, or if he should absent himself from his consular district without the ap- proval of the Secretary of State, or in case of a vacancy at the post, the said subor- dinate officer shall be paid the salary of the superior officer during the absence in excess of the time limited, or during the whole absence when without approval or during the existence of the vacancy, and this notwithstanding the foreign citizen- ship of the said vice-consul, except that the last-mentioned instance shall not be held to include the instruction or transit period of the new consular officer, which, for the purposes of this section, shall be considered as absences with approval. N. ( Part of the changes in this section are necessary because of the abolition of the fee system ; the rest are intended to avoid the injustice of the present system of compensating vice-consuls during the consul's absence.] Sec. 11. The President is authorized, whenever he shall think the public good will be promoted thereby, to appoint con- sular clerks, not exceeding fifteen in number at any one time, who shall be cit- izens of the United States and over eigh- teen years of age and under thirty years of age at the time of their appointment, and shall be entitled to compensation for their services respectively at a rate not ex- ceeding twelve hundred dollars a year each, to be determined by the President, and to assign such clerks, from time to time, to such consulates or legations and with such duties as he shall direct. After a service of three years these consular clerks shall be entitled to a salary of fif- teen hundred dollars each, and after a service of six years to a salary of eigh- teen hundred dollars each, and after a service of nine years to a salary of two thousand dollars each. N. [This raises the rate of compensa- tion, now clearly inadequate for a cpmpe- tent officer living abroad,* and permits as- signment to legations, which, in special instances, may be necessary.] Sec. 12. Before the appointment of any such consular clerk shall be made, it shall be satisfactorily shown to the Secretary of State, after due examination and report by an examining board, that the appli- cant is qualified and fit for the duties to which he shall be assigned ; and such re- port shall be laid before the President. And no clerl; so appointed shall be re- moved from office except for cause, stated in writing, which shall be submitted to Congress at the session first folio wing such removal. Sec. 13. The President may, whenever he shall think there is sufficient reason therefor, allow each superior consular offi- 144 CONSULAR SERVICE. ual expenses of ofQce rent, not to exceed in any case twenty per centum of the amount of the annual compensation allowed to such oflScer, whenever he shall thinli there is sufficient reason therefor. Sec. 1707. N. [Marine protests, not here reproduced as it does not relate to this sub- ject.] Sec. 1708. N. [Lists and returns of sea- men, vessels, &c., not here reproduced as it does not relate to this subject.] Sec. 1709. N. [Estatesof decedents, not here reproduced as it does not relate to this subject.] Sec. 1710. N. [Notification of death, not here reproduced as it does not relate to this subject.] Sec. 1711. N. [Decedent's direction to be followed, not here reproduced as it does not 'relate to this subject. ] Sec. 1712. N. [Commercial reports, not here reproduced as it does not relate to this subject.] Sec. 1713. N. [Prices current, not here reproduced as it does not relate to this subject. ] Sec. 1714. N. [Construction of powers, not here reproduced as it does not relate to this Subject.] Sec. 1715. N. [Certifying invoices, not here reproduced, &c. ] Sec. 1716. N. [Exacting excessive fees for certifying invoices, not here repro- duced, &c.] Sec. 1717. N. [Certificate for goods from countries adjacent to the United States, not here reproduced.] Sec. 1718. N. [Fees allowed for official services, not here reproduced, &c.] Sec. 1719. N. [No profit from discharged seamen, not here reproduced, &c;] Sec. 1720. N. [Restriction on fees paid by regular lines of vessels, not here repro- duced, &c.] Sec. 1721. N. [Fees in British North America, not here reproduced, ifcc] Sec. 1722. N. [Tonnage fees iu Canada, not hern reproduced, &c. ] Skc. 1723. N. [Exaction of excessive fees, not here reproduced, &c. ] Sec. 1724. N. [Penalty for omission to collect fees, not here reproduced, &c.] Sec. 1725. All such consuls-general, con- suls, commercial agents, and consular agents as are allowed for their compen- sation the whole or any part of the fees which they may collect, and all such vice- consuls and vice commercial agents ap- pointed to perform the duties of such consuls-general, consuls, and commercial agents as are allowed for their compensa- tion the whole or any part of such fr es, shall make returns in such manner as the Secretary of State shall prescribe, of all such fees as they or any person in their behalf so collect. e'er and each vice-consul whose salary ex- ceeds one thousand dollars actual expen- ses of rent, not to exceed in any case twenty per centum of the amount of the annual compensation allowed to sach officer. N. [Vice-consuls with a salary above one thousand dollars under the system now in force are consuls; so this section does not in effect change existing law.] Sec. 14. All cousularofficers shall make retoms in such manner as the St-cretary of State shall prescribe, of all fees which they, or any person in their behalf, col- lect, whether official or unofficial. CONSULAR SEHVICE. 14& 8bc. 1726. [Keceipts for fees, not here leprodueed, &o.] Sec. 1727. [Registration of receipts fop fees, not here reproduced, &c.] Sec. 1728. [Verification of account of fees, not here reproduced, dec."] Sec. 1729. All fees collected by any con- sul or commercial agent not mentioned in Schedule B or C, or hy any vice-consul or Gommercial agent appointed to perform their duties, or by any other perspn in their behalf, shall be accounted for to the Secretary of the Treasury in the manner prescribed by the five preceding sections. Sec. 1730. Consuls-general, consuls, and commercial agents not embraced-in Sched- ules B and C, shall be entitled, as compen- sation for their services, to such fees as they may collect under the regulations prescribed by the President governing the subject of fees. Sec. 1731. [Rates of fees to be posted, not here reproduced, &c.] Sec. 1732. Whenever the fees collected by or in behalf of any consul or com-" mercial agent, not mentioned in Schedule B or C, amount to more than twenty- five hundred dollars in any one year, over and above such expenses of office-rent and clerk-hire as are approved by the Secre- tary of State, of which return shall be made to the Secretary of the Treasury, the excess for that year shall be held subject to the draft or other directions of the Sec- retary of the Treasury. Sec. 1733. All moneys received for fees at any vice-consulates or consular agencies of the United States, beyond the sum of one thousand dollars in any one year, and all moneys received by any consul or consul-general'from consular agencies or vice-consulates in excess of one thousand dollars in the aggregate from all such agencies or vice-consulates, shall be ac- counted for to the Secretary of the Treas- ury, and held subject to his draft or other directions. Sec. 1734. [Embezzlement, not here, &o.] Sec. 1735. [Neglect of duty, not here, &c.] Sec. 1736. [Neglect of duty to seamen, not here, &c.] Sec. 1737. [False certificate of prop- erty not here, &c. ] [Sec. 1738. When consular officers may perform diplomatic functions not here re- produced, ^c] Sec. 1739. [Compensation of consular officer for performing diplomatic func- tions, not here.] Chapter Three.— PROVISIONS COM- MON TO DIPLOMATIC AND CON- SULAR OFFICERS. Sec. 1740. No ambassador, envoy extra- ordinary, minister plenipotentiary, min- ister resident, commissioner, charge de affaires, secretary of legation, assistant H. Ex. 121 10 Sec. 15. All fees collected b^ an^ con> sular officer, or by any person in his be^ half, shall be accounted for to the Seeie^ tary of the Tveasaxy in the manner pre- scribed by law. N. [This section, authorizing compensftr tion by fees, is embraced in the repealing clause. ] N. [Embraced in the repealing clause as part of the system compensation by fees.] N. [Embraced in repealing clause as now unnecessary. ] (See sections antie. ) Sec. 16. Except as otherwise in this act provided, no ambassador, envoy extraor- dinary, minister plenipotentiary, minister resident, commissioner, charg^ de affaires^ 146 CONSULAE SERVICE. secretary of legation, interpreter to any legation or consulate, consul-general, consul, or commercial agent, mentioned in Seliedules B and C, shall be entitled to compensation for his services except from the time when he reaches his post and enters upon his o£BciaI duties to the time when he ceases to hold such efSce, and for such time as is actually and ne- cessarily occupied in receiving his in- structions, not to exceed thirty days, and in making the direct transit between the place of his residence, when appointed, and his post of duty at the commencement and termination of the period of his offi- cial service, for which he shall in all cases be allowed and paid, except as hereinafter mentioped. And no. person shall be deemed to hold any such office after his successor is ap- pointed and actually enters upon the du- ties of his office at his post of duty, nor after his official residence at such post has terminated if not so relieved. But no such allowance or payment shall ' be made to any consul-general, consul, or commercial agent not embraced in Sched- ules B and C, or to auy vice-consul, vice-commercial agent, deputy consul, or consular agent, for the time so occupied in receiving instructions or in suolT transit as aforesaid ; nor shall any such officer as is referred to in this section be allowed compensation for the time so occupied in such transit, at the termination of the pe- riod of his official service, if he has resigned or been recalled therefrom for any malfea- sance in his office. Sec. 1741. No ambassador, envoy extra- ordinary, minister plenipotentiary^ min- ister reisident, commissioner, charge, d'af- faires, secretary of legation, assistant sec- retary of legation, interpreter for any le- first secretary or other secretary of lega- tion, interpreter to any legation or consu- late, or any consular officer of the United States shall be entitled to compensation for his services except from the time when he reaches his post and enters upon his official duties to the time when he ceases to hold office, and for such time as is ac- tually and necessarily occupied in receiv- ing his instructions, not to exceed thirty days,, and in making the direct transit between the place of his residence, when appointed, and his post of duty at the commencement and termination of the period of his official service, for which he shall in all cases be allowed and paid ex- cept as hereinafter mentioned. And no person shall be deemed to hold any such office after his successor is ap- pointed and actually enters upon the du- ties of his office at his post of duty, nor after his official residence at such post has terminated if not so relieved. But no vice-consul receiving a salary of less than one thousand dollars per annum shall be allowed or paid compensation for the time so occupied in receiving instruc- tions or in sucli transit as aforesaid ; N. [ The change of this paragraph is nec- essary to meet the clmnge of system. It will prohably exclude all the officers excluded by the existing statute. As matter of fact most of these officers are residents of the town where the consulate is situMted."] nor shall any of- ficer described in this section be allowed, or j)aid, compensation for the time so oc- cupied in such transit, at the termination of the period of his official services, if he has resigned or been recalled therefrom for any malfeasance in office : Provided that the aforesaid instruction period of the dip- lomatic officers herein named may in special instances be extended by the Pres- ident should the exigencies of the public service in his opinion demand it ; and no diplomatic or consular officer shall be held to be absent when employed on public bus- iness, by order of the President, at a point other than his post. N. ^Except as noted above, and the lastprovison the only change in the law is the omission of the specific enumer- ation of consular officers, lokich seems belter covored by the general defi/nUion. The last paragraph is important and necessary, as it is often of vital importance that a diplomatic officer should remain in the United States and in communication with the President and Sec- retary of Slate longer- than the thirty days al- lowed by section 1740.] and it often becomes an imperative duty to order an officer to ' a point other than hispost on special duty, e.g., to the. United States, to testify in revenue cases or before Congress or to investigate. Sec 17. No ambassador, envoy extra- ordinary, minister plenipotentiary, min- ister resident, commissioner, charge d'af- faires, first or other secretary of legation, interpreter for any legation or consulate, CONSULAR SERVICK. 147 gatiou or consulate (or consul-general, consul, or commercial agent, mentioned in schednles B and C, or consular agent), shall be absent from his post or the per- formance of his duties for a longer period than ten days at any one time without the permission, previously obtained, of the President. Sec. 1743. No diplomatic or consular officer shall receive salary for the time during -which he may be absent from his post, by. leave or otherwise, beyond the term of sixty days in any one year; but the time equal to that usually occupied in going to and from the United States, in case of the return, on leave, of such diplo- matiti or consular officer to the United States, may be allowed in addition to such sixty days. Sec. 1743. The compensation allowed by law to the various diplomatic and con- sular officers shall be in full for all the serv- ices rendered and personal expenses in- curred by the persons respectively for whom such compensation is provided, of whatever kind such services or personal expenses may be, or by whatever treaty, law, or instructions they are required; and no allowance other than such as is so provided shall be made in any case for the outfit or return home of any such of- ficer or person. or consular officer, shall be absent from his post or the performance of his duties for a longer period than ten days, at any one time without the permission, pre- viously obtained, of the President. , N, [TAe only ohcmge is the sutslitution of the words " or consular officer," instead of the words, ''or consul-general, consul, or com- mercial agent, mentioned in schedules B and C, or consular agent." '\ [Provided for in section 16 ante.'\ Sec. 1744. No compensation provided for any officer mentioned in section sixteen hundred and seventy-five, or for any assist- ant secretary of legation, or any appropri- ation therefor shall be applicable to the payment of the compensation of any per- son appointed to or holding any such office who shall not be a citizen of the United States ; nor shall any other com- pensation be allowed in any such case. Sec. 1745. [President to prescribe tariff of fees. Not here reproduced, &o.] Sec. 1746. [Coin in which fees are to be collected. Not here reproduced, &c.] Sec. 1747. All fees collected by consuls- general, consuls, and commercial agents Mentioned in Schedules B and C, and by vice-consuls and vice-commercial agents appointed to perform their duties, or by any other persons iu their behalf, shall be accounted for to the Secretary of the Treasury, and held subject to his draft or other directions. Sec. 19. The compensation allowed by laW' to the various diplomatic and con- sular officers shall be in full for all the serv- ices rendered and personal expenses in- curred by the persons respectively for whom such compensation is provided, of whatever kind such services or personal expenses may be, or by whatever treaty, law, or instructions they are required ; and no allowance other than such as is so provided shall be made in any case for.the outfit or return home of any such officer or person. N. [No change, but add here, for con- venience, that all the laws on this subject may be together.] No compensation provided for any dip- lomatic officer of the United States, or any appropriation therefor, shall be paid to any person not a citizen of the United States, nor shall any othter compensation be allowed in any such case. The pro- visions of this section shall apply also to all consular officers, except vice-consuls, receiving a salary of one thousand dollars or less. N. [A comparison of section 1675 with sec. 1744 will show the necessity of a change in phraseology. The only change in substance is the permission to pay sal- aries to vice-consuls receiving "one thou- sand dollars or less. Such offices are now usually held by foreigners, with the title of consular agent, compensated by fees. The pay is so low that Americans proba- bly cannot be found to take the position, and the fee system being abolished, some .provision like this must be made to se- cure an officer. ] N [This section being covered by sec- tions , ante is embraced in repealing clause.] 148 CONSULAR SERVICE, Sec. 1748. The President is anthorized to provide at the pablic expense all such stationery, blanks, record, and other books, seals, presses, flags, and signs as he shall think necessary for the several legations, - consulates, and commercial agencies-in the transaction of their busi- ness. Sec. 1749. Whenever any diplomatic or consular officer of the United States dies in a foreign country in the discharge of his duty, there shall be paid to his widow, or if no widow survives him, then to bis heirs-at-law, a sum of money equal to the allowance now made to such officer for the time necessarily occupigd in making the transit from his post of duty to his residence in the United States. Sec. 1750. [Authority to administer oath, not here reproduced, &c.] Sec. 1751. [Limitation of correspond- ence, &c., not here reproduced, &c.] Sec. 20. The President is authorized to provide at the public expense all such stationery, blanks, record, and other books, seals, presses, flags, and signs as he shall think necessary for the several legations and consular offices in the trans- action of their business. N. [No change except " consular offices" substituted for "consulates and commer- cial agencies" (Sec. 1) reproduced here for convenience that all laws on this sub- ject may be together.] Sec. 21. Whenever anjr diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, who is a citizen thereof, dies in a foreign coun- try in the discharge of his duty, there shall be paid to his widow, or if no widow sur- vives Mm, then to his heirs-at-law, asum of money equal to the allowance now made to such officer for the time necessarily oc- cupied in making the transit from his post of duty to his residence in the United States. N. [Under the fee system, as there is no salary for the minor offices held by for- eigners, no allowance under this statute could be made. As fees are to be abolished and small salaries given some of these of- fices, the interpolation of the words " who isacitizen thereof" is necessary to exclude foreigners holding the small offices nnder the salary system from the benefit of this provision ; otherwise this section is un- changed.] The following sections of the Revised Statutes of the United States are hereby repealed : 1674, except the fifth clause, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1725, 1729, 1730, 1732, 1733, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1747, 1748, and 1749. IN^DfCX To House Ex. Doc. Ko. 121, 48th Oowgbess, 1st session. Page. Abeokata 123 Aberdeen, Scotland , 47 Acapulco, Mexico 88 Adelaide, Australia 73 Aden, Arabia 76 Africa, schedule for reorganiza- tion of service 125 Africa 116 Aguadilla, Porto Eicp 106 Aix la Chapelle, Germany 41 Albany, Australia 73 Alexander, E^ypt 115 Algiers, Algeria 32,35 Alicante, Spain 97 Almeria Malaga, Spain 101 Altona, Germany 44 Amapala, Honduras 29, 30 Amherstburgh, Canada 63-69 Amoy, China 24 Amsterdam, Netherlands 90 Anoona,, Italy 84 Angers, France 34 Annaberg 40 Antigua, West Indies 76 Antwerp, Belgium 20 Apia, Samoa 37 Archangel 95, 96 Arecibo, Porto Eico 106 Arendale, Norway 106 Arica, Peru 93 Auckland, New Zealand 73, 75 Augsburg, Germany 44 Australasia 72 Austria-Hungary 17 Anx Cayes, Hayti ' 82 Azua, San Domingo 96 Bahia, Brazil 21 Ballymena, Ireland 51 Barbadoes 77 Barbary States 19 Barcelona, Spain 98 Barcelona, Venezuela 115 Bari,Italy 83,84 Barmen, Germany 41 Barranquilla, U. S.Colombia 26 Basle, Switzerland 108 Bathurst, Africa 121 Beirut, Syria 109-112*114 Belfast, Ireland 51 Belgium 19 Belize, British Honduras 77 Belleville, Canada 59-69 Bergen, Norway 106 Berlin, Germany 38 Page, Bermuda, West Indies 77 Berne 108 Bidda 124 Bilbao, Spain 101 Birmingham 47 Bluefields, Nicaragua 29, 30 Bolivia 21 Bologna, Italy 83,84 Boulogne-sur-mer, France 34, 36 Bone, Africa 123,124 Bordeaux, France 35,36 Bradford, England , 47, 48 Brake and Nordenhamm, Ger- many , 44 Brazil 21 Bremen, Germany 39 Breslau 40 Brest, France 34,36 Brindiai, Italy 82,83 Bristol, England 47,48 British Columbia 71 Brookville, Canada 58 Brunn, Austria 18 Brunswick, Germany 41 Brussels, Belgium 19 Buda-Pesth 17 Buenaventura 27 Buenos Ayres, Argentine Eepub- lio 16 BuTtscheid 44 Cadiz, Spain 99 Cagliari, Italy 83 Cairo, Egypt II4 Calais, France 34,37 Calcutta, Bengal 76 Caldera, Chili 22 Callao, Peru 91,93 Camargo, Mexico 86,87 Campano 115 Canada, general duties of con- sular service 65 Canada 52 Canary Islands 102 Cannes, France 33 Canton, China 24 Cape Coast Castle, Liberia 123 Cape Haytien, Hayti 82 Cardenas, Cuba 104 Cardiff, Wales 47 Carlisle, England 47 Carrara, Itlay 83,84 Carril,Spain 99 Carthagena, United States of Co- lombia 26 2 Page. Carthagena, Spain 100 Casa-BIanca, Morocco 19 Cestelamare, Italy 82, 83 Catania, Itlay 83,84 Cebii, Philippine Islands 106 Central America 27 Cette, France 32,36 Ceylon, India 78 Champerico, Guatemala 28, 30 Chatleroi 20 Chatham, Ontario 62, 69 CheFoo,China 24 Chemnitz, Saxony 40 Cherbourg, France 34, 36 Chihuahua, Mexico 86, 87 Chile 22 Chimbote, Peru 92,93 China :. .: 22 Chin Kiang; China 24 Christ Church.N.Z 75 Christiania, Norway 106 Christiansand, Norway 106 Cienfuegos, Cuba 104 Ciudad Bolivar 115 Civita Veochia, Italy 84 Clarenceville, Canada 56 Clerks 9 Clifton, Canada 61,69 Coaticook Canada 56, 69 Coatzacoalcas, Mexico 89 Cobija 21 Cobourg, Canada : 59 Cpgnao, France 35, 36 Cologne, Germany 42 Colingwood, Canada 64, 69 Colon (Aspinwall) 27 Colonia, Uruguay 115 Columbia, United States of 25 Commercial agents 9 Conoepcion dw. Oro, Mexico 88 Constantinople, Turkey 109, 112, 113 Consular agents 8 •Consular officers, compensation of 4 Consular of&cers, duties of 5 Consular service, general remarks upon 3 Consulates, inspection of 14 Consulates, relative importance of 10,11 Coomassie " 124 Copenhagen, Denmark 31 Coquimbo, Chili 22 Corcubion, Spain 100 Cordoba 15 Corinto 29,30 Cork (Queenstown), Ireland 51 Corn Island, Nicaragua 29, 30 Cornwall, Canada 58 Coro, Venezuela 115 Corunna, Spain 99 Costa Rica 29,30 Coteau Landing, Canada 53 Coiirtwright (Out. ) 62 Crefeld, Prussia 42 Cronstadt, Russia 96 Cuba 103 Curasao, West Indies 115 Dantzig, Germany 39-44 Dartmouth, England 47 Page. Demerara, British Gui ana 78 Denia, Spain 100 Denmark 31 Derby, England 47 Deseronto Canada 59 Dieppe, France 34-37 Dover, England 47 Dresden, Saxony 40 Drontheim, Norway 106 Dubliu, Ireland 51 Dundee, Scotland. 47 Duuedin, New Zealand 75 Dunfermline 47 Dunkirk, France 34,37 DusseUlorf, Germany 42 Duties of consular ofS,cers 5 Ecuador , 31 Egypt 114 Elberfeld 42 Elsinore, Denmark 31 E.ssen, Germany 42 Exports of the United States 10, 13 Fajardo 106 Falmouth, Jamaica 47 Faruham, Quebec 55 Faro. Portugal 94 Fayal, Azores 93 Fee system 7 Ferrol, Spain 100 Fiume, Austria 18 Florence, Italy 83 Flores, Azores 93 Flushing, Netherlands 90 France 31, 37 Friendly Islands 37 Foo-Chow, China 24 Fort Erie, Canada 61, 69 Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany 42 Frederi cksted. West Indies 31 Frelighsburg, Canada 56 Frontera, Mexico 89 Funchal, Madeira 93 Fiirth, Gjermany 44 Gaboon, Africa 122 Galashiels, Scotland 47 Galatz, Moldavia 94 Gananoque, P. Q 59 Garita Gonzales, Mexico 86, 87 Gasp^ Basin, Canada 54,69 Geesteni nnde, Germany 44 GeiSe, Sweden 106 Germany '. 38 Geneva, Switzerland 108 Genoa, Italy 83,84 Georgeville, Canada 56 Gera, Germany ' 45 Ghent, Belgium 20 Gibara, Cuba 104 Gibraltar, Spain 79 Gijon, Spain 101 Gioja, Italy 83,84 Girgenti, Italy 83,84 Glasgow, Scotland 47, 48 Glauchau, Germany . . j 44 Gloucester, England 47 Goderich, Canada 1 63,69 Gonaives, Hayti 82 Gor^e-Dakar, Africa 123 Gottenburg, Sweden 106 Page. Oraciosa, Azores 93 Grrand Bassa, Liberia 123 Grande Taboa 123 Granville 57 Grao, Spain 98 Great Britain and Dominions 45 Greece 81 Greenock, Scotland 47 Gnantanamo, Cuba : 105 Guatemala, Central America 28, 30 Guayama, Porto Rico 106 Gnayaqnil, Ecuador 31 Guaymas, Mexico 88 Guelph, Canada 60-69 Gurnsey , Great Britain 47 Guerrero, Mexico ..'. 86, h7 Hagen 42 , Halifax, Nova Scotia 71 Hamburg, Germany 39 Hamilton, Canada 60-69 Hankow, China 24 Hanover 41 Havana, Ciiba 103 Havre, France 34-36 Hawaiian Islands 81 Hayti 82 Heisin^fors, Finland 95 Hemmmgford, Canada 53 Hereford, Canada 56 Hichinbrook, Canada 53 Hilo, Wawaiian Islands 81 Hobart, Tasmania 73-75 Hochelaga, Canada 53 Hoikow, China 24 Holyhead 47 Honduras 29,30 Honfleur, France 34-36 Hong-Kong, China 79 Donolula, Hawaiian Islands 81 Horgen, Switzerland 108 Huddersfield, England 47, 48 Huelva, Spain 99 Hull, England 47,48 Huntingdon, Canada 53 Ichang, China 24 Uoilo, Philippine Islands 105 India 76 Inspection of consulates 14 Iquique, Pern 92,93 Ireland 51 Irkutsk 95,96 Italy 88 Jacmel, Hayti 82 Jaluit, Marshall Islands 37 Japan ' 84 Jarez 99 Jeremie, Hayti 82 Jersey Island 47 Jerusalem, Syria 109-112-114 Kanagawa, Japan 84 Kehl ....; 43 Kidderminster, England 47 Kiel, Germany 45 Kihului 81 Kingston, Canada 58-69 Kirkcaldy, Scotland 47 Kiu-Kiang, China 24 Kinngohow 24 Konigsberg, Germany 39 44 Page. LaColle, Quebec : 55 Lagos ■ 122 Laguayra, Venezuela.... 115 La Libertad, San Salvador 29, 30 Lanibayeque, Peru 92, 93 Lanzarotte, Canary Islands lOi La Paz, Mexico 88 La Paz, Bolivia 21 Laraiche, Morocco 19 La Union, San Salvador 28-30 Las Palmas 102 Levuka, Fiji 79 La Vaca 86,87 Leeds, England 47,48 Leghorn, Italy 83, 84 Leicester, England 47 Leipsic, Saxony 41 Leith, Scotland 47 Letubal 94 Libau 95 Liberia 123 Licata, Italy 83,84 Liege 20 Limerick, Ireland 51 Limoges, France 36 Linehoro', Canada 56 Lisbon, Portugal 94 Liverpool, England 47-50 Livingston, Central America.... 28-30 Llanelly, Wales 47 London, Canada 63 London, England 46 Londonderry, Ireland 51 L'Orient, France 34 Lubeck, Germany 44 Lnrgan, Ireland 51 Lyons, France 33-36 Macoris, San Domingo 96 Madagascar , 124 Madras, British India 76 Madrid, Spain 97 Magdeberg 41 Mah6, Seychelles Islands 79 Malaga, Spain 100 Malmo, Sweden 106 Malta, Malta Island 80 Managua 39,30 Manchester, England 47, 48-50 Manila, Philippine Islands 105 Mannheim, Germany 43 *Manzanillo, Cuba 105 Manzanillo, Mexico 88 Marabella 101 Maracaibo, Venezuela 115 Marsala, Italy 83, 84 Marseilles, France §2-36 Matamoros, Mexico 86, 87 Matanzas, Cuba 104 Mayaguez, Porto Eico 105 Mayence, Germany 43 Mazagan, Morocco 19 Mazatlan, Mexico 88 Medellin, Colombia 27 Melbourne, Australia 73 Mentone, France 33 Merchant consuls 13 Merida, Mexico 88 Messina, Italy 83,84 Mexico, Mexico t^ Page. Mier, Mexico 86,87 Milan, Italy 83,84 Milazzo, Italy , 8;J,84 Milford Haven, Wales 47 Minatitlan, Mexico 89 Miragoane, Hayti 82 Mogador, Morocco 19 Mollendo 92,93 Monaco, France 33 Monterey, Mexico 86,87 Montevideo, Uruguay 115 Montreal, Canada 52,64,69 Morrisbnrg, Canada 58-69 Moscow, Russia - 95 Mozambique, A&ica 124 Munich, Germany 43 Muscat, Arabia 90 Nagasaki, Japan 85 Nagnabo, Porto Rico 106 Nantes, France 34-36 Napanee, Canada 59 Naples, Italy 83,84 Nassau, West Indies 80 Natal,Brazil 119,120 Navigator's Islands 37 Netherlands 90 New Brunswick 71 New Caledonia , 74 Newcastle, Australia 73,74 Newcastle, Canada 47-50 New Chwang, China 24 Newfoundland 71 Newport, Wales 47 New Zealand 75 Nicarauga 29,30 Ni ce, France 33-36 Ningpo, China 24 Norrkoping, Sweden 106 Norway 106 Nottingham, England 47 Noumea 74 Nova Scotia 71 Nuremberg, Germany 43 Nuevitas, Cuba 104 Nuevo Laredo, Mexico 86, 87 Odessa, Russia 95 Officers appointed during the re- cess of the Senate 14, 15 Old Hartlepool, England 47 Oporto, Portugal 94 Orotavo 102 Orange Free States 119 Orilla, Canada 64 Osaka and Hiogo, Japan P5 ■ Ostend, Belgium . . . , , 20 Ottawa, Canada 57,70 Owen Sound, Canada 64 Pago Pago, Samoa 37 Pakhoi, China 24 Palermo, Italy 83,84 Palma, Canary Islands '. . 98, 102 Panama, Colombia 25 Panillac, France 35,36 Para, Brazil 21,22 Paris, Canada 61 Paris, France '. 35 Paso del Norte, Mexico 86, 87 Pan, France 35,36 Paysandu, Uruguay 155 Page. Payta, Peru 92,93 Pernambuco, Brazil ^ 21,22 Persia 91 Peru 91 Petit GoAve, Hayti 82 Phi lipopolis, Turkey 110, 114 Philippine Islands 105 Picton, Canada 59 Pictou, Canada 71 Piedras Ne^as, Mexico 56, 57 Plymouth, England 47 Point Levi, Canada 54 Ponce, Porto Rico 106 Port an Prince, Hayti 82 Port de Paix, Halyti 82 Port Elizabeth, South Afnca. ... 120 Port Hope, Canada 59, 69 Port Limon, Costa Rica 30 Port Mahon, Spain 98 Port Rico.... 106 Port Rowan, Canada 61, 69 Port Sarnia, Canada 62,69 Portsmouth, England 47 Port Stanley, Canada 62, 69 Portugal 93 Poti 95 Potosi, Bolivia 21 Potton, Canada 56 Prague, Aiistria 18 Prescott, Canada 58, 69 Presidio del Norte, Mexico 86, 87 Puerto Cabello, Venezuela 115 Puerto Cortez, Central America. 29,80 Puerto Perez 21 Puerto Plata, San Domingo 96 Punta Arenas, Costa Rica 29, 30 Quebec, Canada 54,70 Rabat, Morocco 19 Rangoon, Burmah .. 76 Redditoh, England 47 Reiohenberg, Austria 18 Ren nes, France 34 Reorganization, consideration of. 6 Revel, Russia 95 Rheims, France 1 33,36 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 21, 22 Rio Grande, Brazil 21,22 RitzebUttel and Cuxhaven Ger- many 44 Rodi, Italy 83,84 Rome, Italy 82,84 Ronue, Denmark 31 Rosario, Argentine Republic 15 Rostoff and Taganrog, Russia ... 95 Rotterdam, Netherlands 90 Rouen, Prance 33,36 Roiimania 94 Ruatan and Truxillo, Central America 29,30 Russell, New Zealand 75 Russia 94 Saffi, Morocco 19 Sagna la Grande, Cuba 105 Salaries, estimates of 10 Salonica, Turkey 111,114 Saltillo, Mexico 86,87 Salvador 28,30 Samana, San Domingo 96 Samoa 37 5 Page. San Bias, Mexico 89 6an Cristobal, Venezuela 115 San Domingo, West Indies 96 San Jos^, Costa Rica 29,30 San Jo86 de Guatemala 28, 30 San Juan de los Bemedios, Cuba . 105 San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua.. 29, 30 San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua 29, 30 San Juan, Forto Rico 106 San LuisPotesi 89 Santa Cruz, Cuba 105 Santa C ruz Point, Mexico 86, 87 Santa Cruz, West Indies 31 San Sebastian, Spain 101 Santander, Spain 101 Santiago, Cape Verde Island 94 Santiago, Cuba 105 Santos, Brazil 21 Sault St. Marie, Canada 64 Schiedam, Netherlands 90 SciUy Islands, England 47 Servia 97 Seville Spain 99 Shanghai, China 24 Sheffield, England 47 Sherbrook, Canada 57,70 Siam 97 Sierra Leone, West AMca 122 Sivas 110,114 Sligo, Ireland 51 Smyrna, Turkey 109, 112, 114 Soderhamn, Sweden 106 Sofia, Bulgaria 111,114 Sonneberg, Germany 44 Sonsonate, Salvador 28, 30 Sorel, Canada 53,70 Southampton, England 47 Spain 97 Spain, general remarks 102 Spanish colonies 103 Spezia, Italy 83 St. Catharines, Canada 61 St.Etienne, France 33,37 St. Galle, Switzerland 108 St. George, Azores 93 St. Helena (Island of) 80 St. Helen's, England •. . . 47 St. Hyacinthe, Canada 55, 70 St. John's, Quebec, Canada 55, 70 St. John's, Newfoundland 72 St. John, New Brunswick, Can- ada 71 St. Louis '. 123 St. Malo, FraoQce 34,36 St.Marc, Hayti 82 St. Michael's, Azores 93 St. Nazaire, France 34 St. Paul deLoando, West Africa. 122 St. Petersburg, Russia 94, 95 St. Stephen, Canada 72 St. Thomas, West Indies 31 St. Thomas, Canada 62 Stanbridge, Canada 55, 70 Stanstead, Canada 56 Statutory provisions 6 Stavanger, Norway 106 Stockholm, Sweden 106 Stratford, Canada 63 Stuttgart, Germany 44 Page. Sunderland, England 47 Sundsvall, Sweden 106 Sutton, Canada 56 Swansea, Wales 47 Swatow, China — ■ 24 Sweden 106 Switzerland 107 Sydney, Australia 73, 74 Syracuse, Italy 83,84 Taganrog 95 Talcahuano, ChiU 22 Tamatave, Madagascar 124 Tampico, Mexico 86,87 Tamsui and Keelung, China 24 Tangier, Morocco 19 Tarragona, Spain 98 Tegucigalpa 29,30 Teheran, Persia 91 Teneriffe, Canary Islands ... 101 Terceira, Azores 93 Tetuan, North Africa 19 Three Rivers, Canada 54-70 Tien-Tsin, China 24 Tiflis 95 Toronto, Canada 60-70 Torrevieja, Spain 98 Toulon, France 32-36 Transvaal 119 Trapani, Italy 83-84 Trebizond, Turkey 110 Trieste, Austria 18 Trinidad, West Indies 81 Trinidad, Cuba 104 Truxillo, Honduras 29, 30 TunstaU, England 47 Turin, Italy 83,84 Turkey 109 Turk's Island, Bahamas 81 Tuxpan, Mexico 89 Uruguay ,, 115 Utilla, Central America 29, 30 Valera, Venezuela 115 Valparaiso, Chili 22 Venezuela .'. 115 Venice, Italy 83,84 Vera Cruz, Mexico 89 Verviers and Liege, Belgium 20 Ve vey, Switzerland 108 Vice-consuls 8 Victoria, British Columbia 72 Viequez, Porto Rico 106 Vienna, Austria 18 Vigo, Spain 100 Vivero, Spain 100 Wallaceburg, Canada 62 Warsaw, Russia 96 Waterford, Ireland 51 Waterloo, Quebec 55 Wellington, New Zealand 75 Weymouth, England 47 Whitby, Canada 60 Windsor, Ontario, Canada 63-70 Windsor, Nova Scotia, Canada .. 72 Woodstock, N. B 72 Wolverhampton , England 47 Zanzibar, East Africa 125 Zaza, Cuba 104 Zurich, Switzerland 108 K^/ i*^.' .^5^?^^^ ?^-ti».'-