3 91 WS6 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Date Due 3ttP§-H99|- ^ #^| l ^6 C'ueBackUson FSJcalT ^■he or Leaving Univers ity — Cornell University Library F 29B91 W56 History of Brunswick, Topsliam olin and Harps 3 1924 028 809 873 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028809873 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL, MAINE, INCLUDING THE ANCIENT TEKEITORY KNOWN AS Hejepsrot. GEORGE AUGUSTUS WHEELER, M.D., AND HENRY WARREN WHEELER. "Histories make men wise." — Bacon. BOSTON: ALFRED MUDGE & SON, PEINTERS. ' 1878. F i— - ^ copthight : By geokoe a. ahd henry W. WHEELEB. 1877. TO THE ESTEEMED CITIZBlf, AMD FAITHFUL AND EARNEST HISTOBICAL STUDENT, THE LATE JoHi^^ McKeen, ESQ0II(_E, WHOSE KESBAKCHES IN THE EAKLT HISTOKY OF THE PEJEPSCOT REGION JtrsTLT ENTITLE HIM TO OUR GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE, ffjfs "Folume fs 3Belifcate5. PREFACE. The labor of compiling a local history, though not necessarily requiring a very high order of talent, does require a careful and conscientious examina- tion of a large amount of miscellaneous material. The difficulties attending a compilation of this kind are numerous and, many of them, not easily to be anticipated In the words of Sterne, " When a man sits down to write a his- tory, though it be but the history of Jack Hickathrift or Tom Thumb, he knows no more than his heels what lets and confounded hindrances he is to meet with in his way." So much is said by way of apology for the unavoidable errors that may, perchance, be discovered in this volume. The undertaking itself needs no apology, as the value of such compilations, not only to the writers of general history, but also to the public more immediately interested, is now everywhere admitted. The aim of the compilers has been to furnish a work which should be valu- able rather than merely entertaining. They have endeavored to give a faith- ful and complete history of the three towns, and although they have tried to make the volume more interesting by the introduction, when proper, of nar- ratives and traditions, yet this they have considered of secondary importance. The methodical arrangement of a work of this kind, so as to embrace all that is desired and at the same time to avoid ftequent repetition, is involved with difficulties, and is, after all, somewhat a matter of taste. In this work the arrangement by the topics into which the subject is most naturally divided has been adopted as, on the whole, the best. Each division of the subject has, however, been arranged in chronological order, and for further conve- nience of reference full indexes have been appended. It is proper, in this place, to acknowledge the assistance which the com- pilers have received, in various ways, in the prosecution of their work. Their very great indebtedness to the labors of the late John McKeen, Esquire, has already been shown, and is still further shown by the frequent reference to him throughout the book ; but they desire also to acknowledge the kindness of Miss Frances A. McKeen in furnishing them with the private papers of her father. The name of the late Moses E. Woodman, Esquire, is also entitled to be held in fr "teful remembrance for the work he did in collecting and tracing the genealogy of Topsham families. Much interesting information has also been obtained from notes made by the late James McKeen, M. D. vi PREFACE. It is proper also to acknowledge to the pnblic the great obligations of the compilers to the late Doctor John D Lincoln, both for the material assistance rendered by him, and for his steadfast encouragement in their undertakings from its very inception up to his last hours. i The thanks of the compilers are also especially due to Mr. A. G. Tenney, for his personal help and advice, as well as for the great assistance afforded by his file of the Brunswick Telegraph, and for the many courtesies extended by him; to Professor A. S. Packard, for valued advice and assistance, and for his kindness in affording unusual facilities for examining the books and papers in the historical and college libraries ; to General Joshua L. Chamberlain, Hon- orable Charles J. Gilman, Professor Stephen J. Young, and Professor George L. Vose, for valuable advice and assistance ; to Reverend Elijah Kellogg, for his manuscript lecture on the history of Harpsv^rell ; to Messrs. Charles J. Noyes, Stephen Purinton, Edwin Emery, Professor Henry Carmichael, Rever- end George T. Packard, and Doctor Asher Ellis, for assistance in the collec- tion and preparation of material for the work ; and to the many others who have, in one way or another, assisted them, the compilers return their sincere thanks. The various illustrations given in thq book will, it is hoped, be satisfactory to the public. The portraits were famished by and inserted at the expense of the friends of the persons whom they represent. The Pejepscot plan of the Brunswick and Topsham lots was made from two of the original plans, and was reduced and engraved by the photo-lithographic process, by J. H. Bufford's Sons, Boston. The map of Brunswick and Tops- ham villages in 1802 was compiled from a written description of Brunswick by the late John McKeen, Esquire, and from verbal descriptions of Topsham by Mr. James Wilson and the late Mrs. Nathaniel Green. All of the maps and most of the illustrations are from drawings made by Mr. Charles G. Wheeler, Bowdoin, Class of 1876. Whatever praise or censure may be due the authors for the manner in which they have executed their work should be equally divided between them, as it has been a joint production, in which they are themselves unable to specify their respective claims of authorship. In conclusion : To the citizens of the three towns, and more especially to those of Brunswick and Harpswell, whose interest in the work has been so fully shown by their liberal appropriations in aid of its publication, this vol- ume is offered with gratitude and respect, and its favorable reception will be deemed an ample remuneration for their labors by The Adthobs. CONTENTS. PART I. CHAPTER I. Aboriginal Inhabitants . PAGE 1 II. Pejbpscot Porchasb and Prior Settlements ... III. Doings of the Pejepscot Proprietors and Settlements UNDER them . .... ... IV. Period of the Indian Wars . 27. 49 PART II. I. Boundaries and Notable Features 75 I[. Municipal History of Brunswick . 104 Iir. Harpswelt. ... . . . . 155 IV. TOPSHAM . 180 V. General and Social ... . . 205 VI. Fires and Fire Companies . 257 VII. Courts and Trials, Crimes and Criminals, Lawyers . 277 VIII. Taverns and Public Halls, Mails, Newspapers, etc. . 290 IX. Diseases and Accidents, Freshets . . . . 311 X. Stages, Eaileoads, Navigation, Telegraph, etc. . 323 XI. Burial-Places and Epitaphs . . 339 XII. Ecclesiastical History of Brunswick . . . 353 XIII. Topsham 406 XIV. Harpswell . . 436 XV. Educational History of Brunswick .... . . 456 XVI. Topsham 482 XVII. Harpswell . . . . .493 XVIII. BowDoiN College and Medical School of Maine . . 498 XIX. Public Lands, Eoads, Bridges, etc. . . .... 521 XX Commercial History of Brunswick 552 XXI. Topsham 603 XXII Harpswell . . 618 XXIII. Forts, Garrisons, Churches, etc., Brunswick . . 625 VIU CONTENTS. CIIAPTF.K PACK XXIV. Forts, Garrisons, Churches, etc., Topsham amd Haeps- WBLL . . . . . 651 XXV. Interesting Eelics . . • 670 XXVI. Military History ov the Three Towns 676 PART III. I. Biographical Sketches . . . ... . . 709 II. Family Histories . ... . . 827 APPENDICES. APPENDIX I. List op Early Settlers .... . . .... 865 II. List of Soldiers in the Indian Wars 875 III. Revolution . . .... 880 IV. War of 1812-14 887 V. Eebellion . . 896 VI. List of National and State Officers from these Towns 916 VII. Town Officers 919 General Index . . . . 937 Index of Names in Biographies and Family Histories . . 956 ILLUSTEATIONS. Portrait op John McKukn, Esquire Frontispiece. PAGE The Stocks, Brunswick 281 Tontine Hotel, " 295 President Allen's Academy, Brunswick ... 476 Franklin Family School, Topsham 489 BowDOiN College in 1821 498 Androscoggin Bridge and Falls in 1828 549 Old Hay-Scales, Topsham 613 Fort George, Brunswick . . 627 Town House, " . . 636 First Mebting-Housb, Brunswick .... 637 Third Meeting-House of First Parish, Brunswick . . 641 Cornelius Thompson House, Brunswick . 646 Court House, Topsham . . . 657 Old Hunter Tavern, Topsham ... . . 658 Walker Homestead, " 661 Interior of Old Meeting-House, Harpswell 664 Andrew Dunning House, " . .... . . 668 Joseph Orr House, " 669 Portrait of Rev. George E. Adams, D. D ... 710 pliesident appleton 714 Prof. Parker Cleaveland 719 Ebenezer Everett, Esquire ... 740 Mr. Joseph Griffin 746 Gen. John C. Humphreys . 754 Dr. Isaac Lincoln ... .... 760 Dr. John D. Lincoln 761 President McKekn - 763 Major Nahum Perkins 785 Mr. WILLIA5I S. Perry 786 Mr. Francis T. Purinton 797 Prof. William Smyth 803 Mr Chari.es Thompson 810 Eev. a. D. Wheeler, D. D 820 MAPS AND PLANS. Pbjepscot Company's Plan of Brunswick and Topsham . . . Cover. PACE Settlements in 1752 40 Brunswick and Topsham Villages in 1802 ... . ... 73 EOADS IN 1765 . . . .... . 531 PART I, " This is the place, — stand still, my steed, Let me review the scene, And summon from the shadowy past. The forms that once have been ! " Longfellow, A G-leam of Sunshine. HISTORY OF Brunswick, Topsliam, and Harpswell. CHAPTER I. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. The Indian race, formerly occupying the territory now emhraced by the State of Maine, was divided, as most authors state, into two considerable nations, called the Etechemins and the Abenatis. The former nation occupied the region east, and the latter that west, of the Penobscot River. • The Abenaki nation was composed of four principal tribes, viz. : — 1. The Sokokis, who had their principal encampments upon the Saco River. 2. The Anasagunticooks, who occupied the entire valley of the Androscoggin River. 3. The Canibas, who dwelt upon the Kennebec, from its tide waters to its source. 4. The Wawenocks, who reside between the Sagadahock and the river St. George, and upon the latter. ^ The Anasagunticooks were, at the first advent of Europeans, a very numerous, powerful, and warlike tribe. The Pejepscot Indians were, in all probability, a sub-tribe of the Anasagunticooks. They had cus- tomarj' places of resort, if not permanent places of residence, at the Brunswick Falls, at Maquoit, and at Mair Point. It is now considered probable, from the remains and relics found there, that the latter was the place of one of their villages in the sixteenth cehtury.^ Like most of the native tribes, the Anasagunticooks were, at first, 1 Willis, Maine Historical Collection, i, p. 96. Vetromile, The Abenakis, p 17. 2 Kidder, Maine Historical Collection, 6, p. 235 Williamson and others. 8 John McKeen, Manuscript Lecture. 1 2 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. probably friendly to the whites. At least, our settlers are represented as living with them upon the most friendly terms up to about the time of King Philip's War.i They soon, however, became extremely and inveterately hostile to the settleis upon their domain, and until their extermination by disease and by the aggressions of the whites, they continued to exhibit their animosit}^ by frequent attacks upon isolated settlements and habi- tations and hy lying in ambush for individuals or small parties. The plague which brok'e out among them about the year 1615 or 1616 so reduced them that, in the latter year, they numbered only 1,500 warriors.^ They were still further reduced in number by warfare and other causes, so that there were, according to one authority,^ on November 24, 1726, only five Indians in the tribe over sixteen j^ears of age. John Hegon was their sachem at this time. Twenty-five years later there were one hundred and sixty warriors in the tribe.* This is a large increase in number, but yet it shows how weak the tribe had become. The most celebrated sagamores of this tribe were Darumkin, Wo- rumbo, and Hodgkins, — called sometimes Hawkins. Of the former but little is known, except that he was the father of Terramugus, and on several occasions served as orator for the tribe. Worumbo is better known on account of his deed to Richard Whar- ton, July 7, 1684, confirming to him the lands formerly convej'ed to and possessed bj- Thomas Purchase. Hodgkins (or Hawkins), whose Indian name was Kankamagus, was, in reality, a sachem of the Pennacooks, but he joined the Andros- coggins about 1684, and lived with Worumbo. Mugg is thought to have been another of their sachems, ^ although \>j some authors he is supposed to have belonged to the Penobscot tribe. 8 He was very conspicuous in the Indian war of 1676-77. On October 12, of the former year, he assaulted Black Point, now Scarborough, with one hundred men, and captured it. In 1677 he again besieged that garrison for three days, and killed three men and took one captive. He was himself killed. May 16 of that vear. Prior to this war he had lived for some time with the English,, and had been very friendly to them.'' 1 McKeen, MSS. Lecture. Woodman, Manuscript History of Pejepscot. 2 Williamson, 1, p. 433. 8 Gyles's Statement, Maine Historical Collection, 3. p 367. 4 Williamson, 1, p. 483. 5 Dralce. Book of Indians, 3, p. 110. ^ 6 History of Pemaquid, p. 122. ' Brake, Book of Indians, 3, p. 110. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. 3 This chief must not be confounded with Mogg, — generally known as Mogg Megone, — who was killed at the time of Rasle's death (1724), and who belonged to the Saco Indians. Another of their sagamores was Phihp Will, originally- a Cape Cod Indian ; he was captured by the French, at the siege of Louisburg. when only fourteen years of age. Remaining with the Abenaki In- dians, he became, eventually, a chief of this tribe. Will was brought up in the family of a Mr. Crocker, in which he was taught " to read, write, and cipher." He prevented, for many years, the final extinc- tion of his tribe. He was six feet three inches in height, and pos- sessed a good development. 1 The fact that the lands occupied by the whites were duly purchased of and conveyed to them \)j the Indians themselves, and that the earlier settlers in this region endeavored to conciliate and make friends of them, seems to have had but little effect in restraining the savage disposition of the natives. After the first outbreak, they rarely lived on really peaceable terms with the settlers, and when there were no actual hostilities going on, they were continually strolling about aud annoying the inhabitants, ^ and even isolated acts of friendship on the part of individuals amongst them were comparatively rare. The settlement of the region occupied by this tribe, subsequent to the time of King Philip's War, presents continual scenes of carnage and destruction, midnight massacres and conflagrations, until the tribe itself became extinct. The language of the Abenaki nation has been carefullj' studied by man J- competent students, but the difficulties in the way of thoroughly understanding the different dialects are so great that much uncer- taintj- still exists, both as to the correct pronunciation and derivation, and also as to the meaning, of very many of the names formerly applied to localities. The Indian names, and their signification in English, of some of the more important places, will, nevertheless, prove interesting, and are therefore given in this connection. AsAGADnssBT Rlvcr and Point. — The original name of the point was Nagusset.3 At a later day it was called Point Agreeable. Abagadusset, or Bjgadusstt, one of its forms, means "to shine," the reflection of the light from the waters of the bay probably giving the name.^ This river and point is not included within the present territory of either of the three towns, but was within the limits of the Pejepscot tract as originally claimed, and reference to itis often made. I WiUiamson, 1, p. 481. ^McKeen. MSS. Lecture. 3 Pejepscot Papers. * Dr. Ballard in the United States Coast Survey Report, 18G8, p. 246. 4 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. Ah-me-lah-cog-netue-cook, wMcli means a place of much game, of flsh, fowl, and beasts, was the Indian name for Brunswick near the Falls.i Androscoggin. — The river now known as the Androscoggin, and from which the tribe inhabiting its shores received its name, was various]}' called the AnusrtgunticnoTc, the AnconganunticooJc, Amasa- qwinUg, and Amascongan. The latter is the original of Androscog- gin, as appears by the deposition of the Indian Perepole.^ The name has been written in some sixty different forms, as its sound was received b}' the ancient hunters, owners, and settlers. There seems to have been a disposition to make it conform to known words in the English usage. The name " Coggin" is a family appellation in New England ; and it was easy to place before it, according to each man's preference, other familiar names, and to call the stream "Ambrose Coggin," "Amos Coggin," "Andrews Coggin," " Andros Coggin," and " Andrus Coggin." ^ VetromUe^ says that Coggin means " com- ing " ; that Ammascoggin means ' ' fish coming in the spring," and that Androscoggin means ' ' Andros coming," referring to the visit of a former governor of the province. But the visit of Governor Andros was not made until 1688, while the river is called Andros- coggin in an indenture, made in 1639, between Thomas Purchase and Governor Winthrop.^ Another authority ^ says the word means " the Great Skunk River." By another,'' it is said to be derived from naamas (fish), kees (high), and auke (place), and to mean "the high fish place." According to Reverend Dr. Ballard,^ its derivation is from the word namas (fish), abbreviated, as is the frequent practice, by dropping the first letter, and Skaughiyan (Skowhegan), a fish-spear. The name may therefore be translated the Fish Spear, or Fish Speariny. The name, as furnished by Perepole, with his description, marked the part of the river above the Amitiyonpontook — that is, the " Clay -land Falls " at Lewiston, — upward to ^ ^ Arockamecook," tha,t is, the "Hoe-land," at Canton Point. The rips and shallows in this portion were favora- ble for spearing fish bej'ond any part below. BuNGANDNGANOCK, commonly shortened to Bunganock, is the name ^Pejepscot Papers. '^ Maine Historical Collection, 3, p. 333, taken from the Pejepscot Papers. 8 Dr. Ballard in United States Coast Survey, 1868, p. 247. ■• History of. the Abenakis, p. 24. 6 See next chapter. fi Willif, Maine Historical Collection, 4, p. 115. ' Potter, Maine Historical Collection, 4, p. 189. 8 Report of the United States Coast Survey, 1868, p 247. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. 5 of a small stream flowing into Maquoit Ba3\ It runs at the bottom of a deep ravine, suggesting the name of Bunganunganock, which means the " Iligh-bauk Brook." i Cathance River, pronounced b}' the Indians Kut-lmh-nis, is said by them to mean hent, or cmokcd.^ Maquoit means the "bear-place " or " bear-baj-." Merriconeact. — This name was originally applied only to the In- dian "carrying-place" at the upper end of Harps well Neck, but finally denoted the whole peninsula. The word in full would be Mer- rucoonegayi, from merru (swift, quick), and oow^gan (portage), mean- ing the " quick carrying-place." ^ Pejepscot. — That portion of the Androscoggin River extending from Brunswick Falls to Merrymeeting Bay, and the adjacent land upon the south, was called Pejepscot. The word was originally applied to the water, and meant " crooked, like a diving snake." * QuABACOOK, meaning "the duck water place," ^ was the Indian designation of Merrymeeting Bay. The English name of this baj', ac- cording to one, and the most probable, tradition, had its origin from the meeting of the waters of five rivers. According to another ac- count, the name was due to the meeting of two surveying parties, and their enjoyment of the occasion upon its shores. ^ Sawacook, as the land upon the north side of the river where Top- sham is situated was called, signifies, according to one authorit}-,' ' ' the burnt place " ; according to other authorities it means either " a tree forking in many branches,'' or else it means " the place to find many cranberries." ^ Sebascodegan is the Indian name of the Great Island in Harps well. This name is supposed to be derived from k'tche (great) and t'basco- degan (measure) , and this solution of the name shows that the na- tives had taken some means of measuring the island and had found it great.^ There are other Indian names of localities in the vicinity of Bruns- wick, Topsham, and HaqDswell which have been preserved by tradi- ^Dr. Ballard in United States Coast Survey Report for 1868, p. 248. 2 /ja. «Dr. Ballard in United States Coast Survey Report for 1868, pp. 248, 258. < Willis, in Maine Historical Collection, 4, p. 108. 5 Pejepscot I'apers, Perepole's Deposition. Also, Dr. True, in BrunswicTc Teleyrapjh, 1864. 6 Dr. Ballard in United States Coast Survey Report for 1868, p. 253. 'iDr. N. T. True, of Bethel. « Potter, Maine Historical Collection, i,p. 191. 9 Dr. Ballard in United States Coast Survey Report for 1868, p. 258. 6 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSSAM, AND HARPSWELL. tion, but those that have been mentioned are the best known. The others hardh' require particular mention in this connection. The Indians, in their travels from place to place, went b}' water whenever possible. The places where they were obliged to leave the water, either to go around falls and rapids or to cross from the salt water to the fresh, or from stream to stream, were called carrj'ing- places, because at these places they were obliged to leave the water and carrj- their canoes. The paths they made from one carryiug-place to another were called trails. The principal carrying-places were in HarpsweU, at Condy's Point, Sebascodegan, the trail leading across the point, and at Indian Point Landing, on the northeast corner of Sebascodegan. There was also one across the upper end of Mebei- CONEAG Neck. In Brunswick, the chief carrying-places were : The Upper Caeeying-Place. This was at the bend of the river above the falls, and was the place where the Indians left the river on their way to Maquoit. The name was given to distinguish it from the lower or Stevexs's Careving-Place. The latter was at the narrow neck of land between the New Meadows River and Merrymeeting Baj-. The land was owned in 1673 by Thomas Stevens, hence its name. Wigwam Point, a small point of land extending into the New Meadows River, a short distance above the dike or bridge at the foot of Ham's Hill, though not strictly a carrying-place, was a landing-place of the Indians, who probably had a wigwam there. It was once called Indian Town. In Topsham, the chief carrj'ing-place was at the Androscoggin River, above Merrill's, and the trail led to Cathance Pond. It is probable there was another carrying-place at the head of Muddy River, with trails leading to the Androscoggin and Cathance Rivers. After Lovewell's war, the Indians dwelling on the Androscoggin, finding they were too weak to protect themselves either from the set- tlers or from other tribes, moved to Canada and joined the Saint Francis tribe. Even the bones of their ancestors are no longer to be found, and naught but a few names remains to remind us of the exist ence of this once powerful tribe. PEJEPSCOT PURCHASE, AND PRIOR SE'lTLEMENTS. CHAPTER II. THE PEJEPSCOT PURCHASE, AND PRIOB SETTLEMENTS, 1608-1714. The earliest voj'age of discovery made to the immediate vicinitj- of the Androscoggin River was possibly that of Captain George Wey- mouth, in the spring of 1605. He is supposed to have come up to the falls. 1 That it was the Sagadahoc River, and not the St. Qeorge's or the Penobscot, which Weymouth visited, has not, however, been fullj' settled. [1607.] He was followed in the year 1607 by Captain George Popham, who arrived near Monhegan, July 31, in two vessels, the " Gift of God " and the " Mary and John," carrying one hundred and twenty planters. From Monhegan they went to Cape Small. Point, and built a fort on Atkins Bay. This fortification was named Fort Saint George'. Though the place was abandoned the next summer, it was intended to be a permanent settlement, and was occupied suffi- ciently long to establish its claim to be called the first English settle- ment on the New England coast. [1620. j In the year 1620 a charter was granted bj- King James I to forty "noblemen, knights, and gentlemen," constituting them a body corporate, called the Council of Plymouth. Their territorial limits extended from the fortieth to the fortj'-eighth parallel of lati- tude, and from sea to sea. The Council of Plymouth, in addition to the grant to the Plj'mouth Company of New England, granted patents in the Piovince of Maine to the Kennebec (or New Plymouth) Company, the Muscongus (or Waldo) Company, and to the Pemaquid Company. [1632. J They also, June 16, 1632,^ granted a patent to Thomas Purchase and George Way. By some this patent is thought to have emanated directly from King James. ^ The patent itself was lost,* and no record of it has been found. It is known to have existed from the frequent references to it in old deeds and other documents. s 1 McKeen, Maine Bistoriccd Collections, 5. p. 335. 2 Willis, History of Portland, p.m. !> Pejepscot Records, Statement of Title, i Very likely when Purchase's house was burned. 6 "APattent for a Plantation att Pechipscot," isrecordedin the " Cattaloyueof such 8 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. The Thomas Purchase above named was undoubtedly the first individual to settle in tJiis region of the Androscoggin. He came about the year 1628, before the issue of the patent, therefore, and located himself somewhere within the limits of the present town of Brunswick. Whereabouts he established his house is a matter of doubt. The question is discussed at some length in the Pejepscot Records.! Abram Whitney, who lived at Little River in 1796, Samuel Wilson, Sj-monds Baker, a Mr. Tebbetts, and Andrew Dun- ning all testified, about 1796, that according to common report, prevalent during their childhood, Thomas Purchase lived at the Ten- Mile Falls (Little River) , and that they had seen there an old chimney and a cellar, which the aged people called Purchase's cellar. John Moulton, Gideon Hinkley, and Richard Knowles testified in 1794, Thomas Thompson and James Hunter, of Topsham, in 1795, to the effect that they had been told by their parents and other aged people that Purchase formerly lived at New Meadows River, at a place after- wards known as "Stevens's Carrying-Place.'' A great many others testify, on one side or the other, and a certain number of them to the effect that his residence was at the Pejepscot Falls.® The opinion has been expressed by some that Purchase, on first settling down as a trader with the Indians, dwelt at what was subse- quently known as Stevens's Carrjdng-Place, and that when the English settled in somewhat near proximity to him, he, in order to monopo- lize, as much as possible, the trade with the natives, moved up to the Pejepscot Falls, and subsequently to the Ten-Mile Falls. Since it is known, however, that he very early went into the fishing business, it would seem quite as probable that he first settled at the falls, and afterwards, when too old to carry on the fishing business, took a farm at New Meadows. There is, probably, no reasonable basis for the supposition, entertained by some, that there were three individuals of the same name, situated near each other. ^ Nothing has been found to show that George Way was ever settled in this vicinity. At the time the patent was issued Way lived in Dorchester, England; and though his widow and sons afterwards resided in Hartford, Conn., it is not known, with certainty, that he himself ever came over to this country. Fattentes as I know granted for making Flantacons in New England," No. 1(), Vol 2 Colonial Records, in the Public Record Office, London. (See Maine Historical Collections', Memorial Volume, p. 124 ) ^Statement of Title. 2 Tliere are said to be nearly one hundred depositions in the Pejepscot Records, in ref- erence to the residence of Thomas Purchase. 3 See Sketch of J'urchase in Part III. PjEJepscot purchase, and prior settlements. 9 The grant to Purchase and Way was not very extensive. It is defined as " certain lands in New England called the river Bishops- cotte, and all that bounds and limits the main land adjoining, the river to the extent of two miles" only.i The river called Bishops- cotte la undoubtedly that portion of the Androscoggin known as the Pejepscot. The old patents were apt to be indefinite, and oftentimes conflicted with one another, but this grant seems unusually definite as to its width, and tallies well with the following indenture, between Thomas Purchase and Governor Winthrop : — " This indenture, made the 22* day of the 5* M°, @ 1639, betweene Thomas Purchas, of Pagiscott, gentleman, of the one parte, and John Winthrope, Esq : Governo' of the Massachusets, on the behalfe of himselfe, the Governo'' & Company of the Massachusets, on the other parte, witnesseth, that the said Thomas, for divers good causes & con- siderations him therevnto moveing, hath given & granted, & bj- these p'"sents doth give & grant, vnto the said John Winthrope & his suc- cessors, the Governo'' & Company of the Massachusets, forever, all that tract of land at Pagiscott aforesaid, vpon both sides of the ryver Androscoggin, being four miles square towards the sea, w"" all liber- ties & priviledges therevnto belonging, so as they may plant the same w*^ an Inglisb colony when they shall see fit, and shall have as full power to exercise jurisdiction there as they have in the Massachusets ; provided, that the interest & possession of such lands as the said Thomas now vseth, or shall make vse of, for his owne stock, & improvement w* in seaven yeares next ensuing the date hereof, shall bee & remaine to the said Thomas & his heires & assignees forever vnder the iurisdiction aforesaid ; and as well the said Thomas himselfe, & his family, & his heires & assignes, as all other the inhabitants vpon said lands, are forever to bee vnder the due ptection of the said Gov- erno' & Company, by order of the Generall Court, as other inhabi- tants of the same iurisdiction are : This grant by approbation of the said Generall Court to bee recorded and exemplified vnder the comon seale, or otherwise to be voyde — In witnes whereof the parties above said have herevnto interchangably set their hands & scales the day & yeare first above written. ■' TnOMAS PURCHES. Signed, sealed & deliv'ed in tbe p"-esence of Stephex Winthkope Thom : Lechford Amos Bichardsox.' 1 Maine Historical Collections, l,p. 152, ■i Records of the aolowj of tJie Massachusetts Bay in New England, 1, pp. 272, 273. 10 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL It is generallj' considered that this deed gives the right of jurisdic- tion only, and not the right to the soil. The " four miles square towards the sea" can only refer to the direction towards Casco Bay, which is only about four miles distant. Up to this time Purchase was, probably, the only settler within the limits of what constitutes the present towns of Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell. [1657. J There was about this time considerable uncertainty as to what government had jurisdiction over this region. It was deter- mined, in the year 1657, by an action brought for the purpose, by the widow Elizabeth Way against Purchase. i The matter was referred to the General Court of Massachusetts. In the legislature there was a difference of opinion on the subject, and that body ap- pointed Mountjoy to run the easterly line of Massachusetts. He did so, and it was found that it extended to the mouth of the Sagadahock.^ [1669 to 1676. j About the year 1669 Thomas Gyles settled at Pleasant Point, on Merrymeeting Bay, in what is now Topsham. He purchased a tract of land two miles long and one mile broad, on the left bank of the Pejepscot, of Thomas Watkins, one of the residents on the Kennebec, and also of the Indian sachem, Darumkin.3 jjis brother James settled near him,* as did also James Thomas and Sam- uel York, who, July 20, 1670, bought of Eobinhood and Daniels all the tract of land between Gyles's lot and Terramugus^ Cove.^ In 1675 Thomas Purchase added to the land granted by the Council of Plymouth, a large tract on the river, which he had bought of the Indians.'' July 3d of this year, Thomas Stevens, who had previously owned land in North Yarmouth, settled at New Meadows, and bought a tract of land on the New Meadows River, of three Indian saga- mores, Eobinhood, Eramket Daniels, and Manessumet.^ He had pre- viously bought land of Thomas Purchase." The land purchased of the above-mentioned sagamores was " a certain piece or parcel of land adjoining to Pejepscot River, butted and bounded as follows : To the land of Thomas Stephens, now in possession, east, and to Alister Coombs, his land, south, and from the head of Alister Coombs, his marsh, westerly, to a certain path, ^Massachusetts Bay Colony's Records, Vol. i. Part 1, p. 334. 2 McEeen, MSS. Lecture. 8 York County Records, 10, p. 82. < Gyles Memorial, p. 103, et seq. 5 This cove, named for an Indian chief, is between the flour mill of Purinton, Beau- mont, & Co., on the "Granny Bole" stream, and the Topsham end of the railroad bridge. ^ Maine Historical Collection, 3, p. 315, et seq. 7 Williamson. Hubbard. 8 York County Records, 9, p. 254. ' Maine Historical Collection, 3, p. 315. PEJKPSCOT PUKOHASE, AND PRIOR SETTLEMENTS. \ 1 called the carrying path, or carrj-ing place, and from said path upon a strait line to a certain island, commonly called the Stave Island, standing at the lower end of Pejepscot Narrows, and to Pejepscot River north, and to the aforesaid land of Thomas Stephens easterly', to hold in fee with general warranty." ^ June 30, 1676, Stevens sold the above-described piece of land to Lancellot Pierce, who resided there for " some time." What became of him is not known, but as William Pierce, of Milton, in 1715, claimed this land as heir of Lancellot Pierce,^ it is probable that the latter moved to Milton or that vicinity, and died there. Stevens probably lived on the land which he bought of Purchase. In 1672 Nicholas Cole and John Purrington bought of Sagettawon and Robin Hood, Indian sagamores, " all the Land Lying & Being between the Two Carrying Places Upon Merriconeag Neck Beginning at the head of the Westermost Branch of Wiggen Cove so directly over to Wester Bay to the Bight, and so up along the neck from side to Side untill they come to the Uppermost Carrying place at the head of the Wester Bay at the Meadow which George Phipping has formerly mowed, so over to the head of the crick that Comes in from the Easter Bay" ; also " That whole Tract of Meadow which they have fomierly possessed Upon the Great Island lying and being at the head of the Cove against the Little Cove on Great Jebege Island " The deed was witnessed by Thomas Stevens and his wife, Margaret.^ It is probable that Purrington himself did not occupy this land. If he did, he after- wards moved to Arundel.* Nicholas Shapleigh, of Kittery, had, about the year 1659, though the exact date is unknown, purchased and caused to be settled Merri- coneag (Harpswell) Neck and the island of Sebascodegan. The pur- chase was made of the Indians, and the price paid for the deed was " a considerable sum of wampumpeag, several guns, and a parcel of tobacco." 5 There is no special reason for supposing, however, that Shapleigh actually settled there himself. [1683. J This land of Purchase and Way, and of Nicholas Shap- leigh, all came into the hands of Richard Wharton, a Boston merchant. July 4, 1683, John Shapleigh, the heir of Nicholas, sold to Richard Wharton " all that tract or neck of land called Merryconeg in Casco Bav, Province of Maine, and is bounded at head or upper end, with the" plains of Pejepscot or lands late belonging to or claimed by Mr. 1 Pejepscot Papers, Statement of Title. ^ Pejepscot Papers „. ^ T. i Thirl i Peieascot Records, s Pejepscot Papers. *ioia. j e/oj/cou. 12 BIS'lORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Purchase, aiirl on all other sides or parts is incompass'ed and bounded with and \>y the salt water ; and also all that the aforesaid island called Sebasco, alias Sequasco-diggin." i October 10, 1683, Eleazer Way, of Hartford, son and heir of George Way, the partner of Thomas Purchase, sold to Richard Wharton, for £100, '■ one moiety or half part, or whatever share or proportion, be the same more or less, he the s* Eliazer Way, now hath, maj% might, should, or in anywise ought to have or claim, of, in or to a certain tract or parcel of land commonly called and known by name of Pejepscot, situate, lying, and being within the Province of Maine in New Eng- land aforesaid," together with one half of all lands, uplands, meadows, etc. , belonoing to the same, ' ' which said tract of land and premises for the space of forty years, or thereabouts, before the late war with the Indians, was in the actual possession and improvement of Mr. Thomas Purchase, and was actually given bj- patent from the Council of Plym- outh within said Kingdom of England, to the said George Way, and Thomas Purchase, deceased." ^ October 25, 1683, John Blaney, of Lynn, and Elizabeth, his wife, the former widow of Thomas Purchase, of Pejepscot, deceased, and the administratrix of his estate, testified " that said Eliazer Way had sold his [Purchase's] moity to s* Wharton in s* Patent b}' the consent of the children of s'' Purchase for their support and settlement for £150," reserving seven lots which were secured to the children by articles in the deed. The portion sold was, " All that moiety, half deal and remaining share, whatsoever the same is or maj- be, of the said lands late belonging to the s* Thomas Purchase by virtue of the said patent or any other right in partnership with the said George or Eliazer Way, and all the right and title, propriety and interest which the said Thomas Purchase died seized of, or that he might, should, or ought to have had in the said Province of Maine." The children of Pur- chase signified their consent to the sale on the deed itself. ^ It will be seen, from the above extracts, that at this time Wharton owned the whole of what is now the town of Uarpswell, — except a few islands, — the greater portion of Brunswick, and a tract on the river in what is now the town of Topsham. [1684. J On July 7, 1684, Worumbo and five other Indian saga- mores signed and dehvered to Wharton the following deed : — " To ALL People to whom these presents shall come, Know Yee that whereas near three score years since M' Thomas Purchase deceas'd 1 P^epsoot Palmers, Statement of Title. 2 Ibid. s ji,ici. PEJEPSCOT PURCHASE, AND PRIOR SETTLEMENTS. 13 came into this Countrey as wee have been informed and did as well by Power or Patent derived from the King of England as by consent con- tract & agreement with Sagamores & Proprietors of all the Lands Ijnng on the Easterly Side of Casco Bay & on the both sides of Androscoggen River & Kennebeck River, enter upon & take posses- sion of all the Lands lying four Miles "Westward from the uppermost Falls in S* Androscoggan River to Maquoit in Casco Bay & in the Lands on the other side Androscoggan River from above s'' Falls down to Pejepscot and Merrj-meeting Bay to be bounded by a South West & North East Line to run from the upper part of s* Falls to Kennebeck River & all the Lands from Maquoit to Pejepscot & to hold the same Breadth where the Land will bear it down to a place called Atkins his Bay near to Sagadahock or the Westerlj- side of Kennebeck River & all the Islands in the S* Kennebeck River & Land between the said Atkins his Baj' & Small Point Harbour the Lands & Rivers & Pond interjacent containing in breadth about three English Miles more or less, And whereas we are well assured that Maj' Nicholas Shapleigh in his lifetime was both by purchase from the Indian Sagamores our Ancestors and consent of M'. Gorges Commissioner possessed & dyed Seized of the remainder of all the Lands lying & adjoining upon the Maine & all the Islands between the said Small Point Harbour & Maquoit afores'd & particularly of a Neck of Land Merrj^conege & an Island called Sebasco Diggin. And whereas the Relicts & Heirs of said Mr Purchase and Maj'' Nicholas Shapleigh have reserved accom- modations for their several Families sold all the remainder of the aforesaid Lands & Islands to Richard Wharton of Boston Merch', And for asmuch as the said M'' Purchase did personally possess improve & inhabit at Pejepscot afores" near the Centre or Middle of all the Lands afores* for near fifty years before the Late unhappy War, And Whereas the s* Richard Wharton hath desired an enlargement upon and between the s* Androscoggen & Kennebec Rivers & to en- courage the Said Richard Wharton to settle an English Town & pro- mote the Salmon and Sturgeon Fishing by which we promise our Selves great Supplyes & Relief. Therefore & for other good causes & consid- eration, & especially for & in consideration of a Valuable Sum received from the S* Wharton in Merchandize. Wee Warumbee, Darumkine, Wihikermet, Wedon-Domhegon, Neonongasset, & Nimbanewet Chief Sagamores of all the aforesaid and other Rivers & Land Adjacent have in conformation of the said Richard Whartons Title & Propriety fully freely and absolutely given granted ratifyed & confirmed to him the said Richard Wharton alt the afores* Lands from the uppermost part of 14 HISTORY OF BEVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Andkoscoggan Falls Four Miles "Westward & so down to MAQtroiT & bj' Said River of Pejepscot.& from the other side of Androscoggan Falls all the Land from the Falls to Pejepscot & Merrymeeting Bay to Ken- ebeck & towards the Wilderness to be bounded by a South West & NoETH East Line to extend from the upper part of the said Andros- coggan UPPERMOST Falls to the said Eiver of Kenebeck & all the Land from Maquoit to Pejepscot & to run & hold the same Breadth Where the Land will bear it unto Atkins his Bat in Kenebeck River & Small Point Hakbour in Casco Bay and all Islands in Kenebeck & Pejepscot Rivers & Merrymeeting Bay & within the afores" Bounds. Especially the aforesaid Neck of Land called Merrtconege & Island called Sebasco Deggin Together with all Rivers Rivulets Brooks Ponds Pools Waters Watercourses. All wood Trees of Timber or other Trees & all Mines Mineralls & Quarries and especially the Sole & absolute use & benefit of Salmon and Sturgeon Fishing in all the Rivers Rivulets or Bays afores* & in all Rivers Brooks Creeks or Ponds within any of the Bounds aforesaid. And also Wee the Said Sagamores have upon the considerations aforesaid given granted bargained & sold enfeoffed & confirmed & do by these presents give grant bargain sell aliene enfe- offe & confirm to him the said Richard Wharton all the Land lying Five Miles above the uppermost of the said Androscoggan Falls in Breadth & Length holding the same Breadth from Androscoggan Falls to Kenebeck River & to be bounded by the afores'* South West and North East Line & a parcell of Land at Five Miles Distance to run from Androscoggan to Kennebeck River as afores'^ Together with all the Profits Priviledges Commodities Benefits & Advantages & particu- larlj' the Sole Propriety Benefit & Advantage of the Salmon & Stur- geon Fishing within the Bounds & Limits aforesaid To. have- & to hold to hiin the said Richard Wharton his heirs & assignes for ever all the aforenamed Lands Priveledges & Premises with all benefits rights appurtenances or advantages that now do or hereafter shall or may belong unto any part or parcell of the "Premises fulljr freelj^ & abso- lutely acquitted & discharged from all former & other gifts grants bargains sales mortgages & Incumbrances whatsoever, And Wee the said Warumbee Derumkine Wihikermet Wedon-Domhegon, Neon- ongasset & Numbenewet do covenant & grant to & with the said Richard Wharton that we have in our selves good right & full power thus to confirm & convey the premises & that we our heirs and suc- cessors shall & will warrant & defend the said Richard Wharton his heirs & assignes for ever in the peaceable enjoyment of the Premises & every part thereof against all and every person or persons that may PEJEPSCOT PURCHASE, AND PRIOR HETTLEUENTS. 15 legallj' claim an}- right Title Interest or Propriety in the Premises by from or under us the abovenamed Sagamores or an}- of our Ancestors or Predecessors, Provided nevertheless that nothing in this Deed be construed to deprive us the S* Sagamores our Successors or People from improving our antient planting grounds nor from hunting in any of the said Land being not inclosed nor from fishing for our own pro- vision so long as no Damage shall be to the English Fishery, Provided also that nothing herein contained shall prejudice any of the English Inhabitants or Planters being at present actuall}- possessed of any of the Premises & legally deriving right from S* Mr. Purchase &c or Ancestors. In witness hereof we the aforenamed Sagamores well understanding the Purport hereof do set to our hands & Seales at Pejepscot the seventh Day of July in the thirty fifth year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King Charles the Second One Thousand Six hundred eighty four. The maek of Warumbee xY/ [His *^ seal] The mark of Daeumkine X [Seal] Sealed and Deliv- ered In pres- /Tv ^^ ,_, ence of The mark of Wihikeemet {^ [Seal] Joiix Blaxey / J.uiES AsDiiEws The mark of Wedok Domhegon /O/ [Seal] Henry AY.>i:.ters ' John Parker _j. Geo. Felt The mark OF Nehonongasset ^^^ [Seal] The mark of Ntjmbenewet CV^ [Seal]" Upon this deed was the following indorsement : — " Upon the day of date of the within written deed the several Sag- amores whose names are subscribed thereto & inserted therein did at the Fort at Pejepscot dehver quiet and peaceable possession of the premises with livery and seizen to Mr. John Blaney and wife in their own right as she is administratrix of the estate of Thomas Purchase dec'd a'kd in the right of his children. Also the S« Mr. Blaney Attor- ney to Mr. Eleasar Way did the same day deliver quiet & peaceable possession, with Livery & Seizen of the Premises to Mr. Richard Wharton, the Quantity of Seven hundred Acres of Land being excepted according to a Former Agreement." This was signed by Henry Waters and John Parker, and sworn to July 19, 1684, before 16 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Edward Tjmg, justice of the peace. On July 21 following, Warum- bee, for himself and the other sagamores who sealed and delivered the foregoing deed, acknowledged it to be his and their free and volun- tarj' act, before the sajne justice. James Andrews, on July 21, 1684, and John Parker, July 9, 168 1, two of the subscribing witnesses, made oath before the same justice, that they saw this deed signed, sealed, and delivered John Parker furthermore swore, at the same time, and before the same justice, that he saw possession given, together with livery and seizin of the premises, in presence of the several witnesses before named, and further stated that upon the eleventh day of July, he with Henry Waters was present and saw Worumbo deliver possession and livery and seizin "by a turf and twig and a little water taken by him- self off the land and out of the main river above Androscoggin Falls, to Richard Wharton in full compliance with the conveyance of the premises witUfci granted and confirmed." This deed, with the several proofs thereof and possession given thereon, were recorded in the Province (York) records, July 26, 1684.1 Wharton found his deed encumbered by prior deeds, one of which was an Indian deed, dated 1659, to John Parker, the consideration for which was ' ' one Beaver skin received and the yearly rent of one bushel of corn and a quart of liquor, to be paid on or before the 25* of December." ^ It is probable that this was the same tract of land (Sebascodegan) which Wharton, in behalf of his son WiUiam, sold to John Parker on July 20, 1684.3 The fort referred to in this Worumbo deed was not, as will be noticed by the date, the one built by Governor Andross in 1689, nor Fort George, which was built still later. In this connection, it is proper to speak of the claim of the Eaton family to the territory now comprising the town of Brunswick. Ac- cording to tradition, Jacob Eaton came here from Salisbur}^, Massa- chusetts, about 1680, or earlier, with one Michael Malcom, as a trader and trapper with the Indians. They are said to have bought this tract of land of the Indians, and the family believe, and it has been thought by members of the legal profession, that there was a valid claim. There are no deeds in possession of the familj', and none were found in the York County records to substantiate this claim. It is very probable, however, that there was such a purchase from the In- dians, and that this was one of the " prior claims " referred to as com- ^Pejepscot Records. 2 tj-j-^. 3 York County Records, 4, p. 19. PEJEPSCOT PURCHASE, AND PRIOR SETTLEMENTS. 17 plicating Wharton's deed. Unfortunately for the family, however, a deed from the Indians would not be valid if there was at any time a grant from the throne of England covering the same territory. Such a grant Purchase and "Way undoubtedly had, and as this land came legally into the possession of Wharton, and as, at a later day, the claim of the Pejepscot proprietors was acknowledged to be valid by the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts, there can be no question that, whatever claim the Eatons maj- have once had, it is now irrecoverably lost. The case would be no better if the Eaton claim should be proved to have been derived from the Kennebec or Plymouth Company. [1691. j About the j-ear 1691, one Nicholas Cole, who had previ- ously- settled on Harpswell Neck uncfer a title derived from the Indians, set up his claim to possession under an old title of Harvard College. It seems that on Februarj' 7, 1682, the General Court of Massachu- setts granted " Merriconeag Neck with 1,000 acres of land adjacent,'' to the President and Fellows of Harvard College. i The same 3-ear the same Court also granted to Eichard Wharton 1 ,000 acres of land '" in the Province of Maj-ne, either upon any free Island or place upon the Mayne." ^ The college afterwards became anxious to secure the grant which had been made in 1682, and applied to the legislature for its confirmation ; the decision was, however, in favor of the Pejepscot proprietors, into whose possession the property had come. The col- lege obtained permission to review the case, but were again defeated. ^ Notwithstanding these decisions, the General Court, on May 7, 1684, granted "to the Honoured Deputy, Governour Thomas Dan- forth, Esq., President of the Province of Maine, and to Sumner Nowell, Esq., for their great Pains and good Service, done by order of this Court, in the expedition in several Journeys to Casco, for which no Recompense hath been made them, an Island called Shebis- codego, in Casco Bay, in the Province of Maine, Provided they take the said Island in full satisfaction for all service done, referring to the Settlement of the Province of Maine to this day." * OTHER BAELY SETTLERS. [1653. J In 1653 the General Court of New Plymouth appointed Thomas Prince a commissioner to institute a civil government in this portion of the Province of Maine. A meeting of the inhabi- tants was notified by Prince, to be held at the house of Thomas Ash- ^Atti'Sted Copy of Court-Record in Pejepscot Papers. 2 xbid. 3J/cir»a?i, MSS. Lecture. i Attested copy of Court Record in Pejepscot Papers. 2 18 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. lej' at Merrymeetliig Baj?, in what is now called Dresden, i on Maj' 25, 1654. At this meeting " Thomas .Purchase of Pejepscot" was chosen " Assistant to the Government," and John Ashlej-, constable. Prince, also, at this meeting, administered the oath of allegiance to sixteen men.2 The residence of these men was, for the most part, on the east bank of the Kennebec and on the Sagadahoc. Alexander Thwait, one of the number, was settled, according to McKeen, on the part of Merr^-meeting Bay opposite Fulton's Point,^ and if this was the case, he and Richard Collicutt, who lived near him soon after, must have been Mr. Purchase's nearest neighbors. Sewall,* however, locates Thwait at Winnegance. [1658. j Thomas Haynes is thought to have settled this year at Maquoit,^ where he retained land as late as 1678. His wife's name was Joj'ce.'' [1672.] Richard Potts was settled as early as 1672,' and prob- ably a year or two earlier,** on what was Icnown as New Damariscove Island. In 1673 he owned and lived upon the point which still bears his name, at the extrfeniitj' of Harpswell Neck. 9 The following individuals are known to have been settled about this time, certainly prior to 1700, within the limits of what was after- wards called the Pejepscot purchase : at Middle Baj', John Cleaves ; on White's Island, Nicholas White ; at Mair Point, James Carter, Thomas Haj'nes, Andrew and George Phippeny ; at Maquoit Bay, John Swaine, Thomas Kimball, of Charleston, who settled on Hoeg Island in 1658,1" John Sears, Thomas Wharton, Samuel Libby,!^ who subsequently resided in Scarborough, Henry Webb, Edward Creet (or Creek), 12 and Robert Jordan; on Smoking Fish Point, ^^ Christopher Lawson, an Antinomian ; at or near New Meadows, in 1675, was Alister Coombs. i* The island of Sebascodegan was settled as early as 1639 bj' Francis Small and his wife Elizabeth, whose child was the first born on the island, of English parents. He was from Kittery,!^ and was a ^McKeen, MSS. Lecture. '^ Maine Historical Collections^ 5, p. 194. « McKeen, MSS. Lecture. ^Ancient Dominions of Maine, p. 131. 6 Willis, History of Portland, p. 98. 8 York County Recjistry of Deeds, i, p. 20. ' Pejepscot Papers. 8 York County Records, 2, p. 36fi. 9 York County Records, 10, p. 89. 1° York County Records, 2, p. 90. 11 York County Records, various references. 12 York Records, i. p. 20. Land adjoined Thomas Haines's. 13 What is called Ireland, McKeen. "« Pejepscot Papers, Statement of Title. '^^ McKeen, Harpswell Banner, Oct., 1832. PEJBPSGOT PURCHASE, AND PRIOB SETTLEMENTS. 19 tenant under Colonel Shapleigh. The latter also owned Merriconeag Neck. The neck at this time had a number of settlers upon it who were all driven off by the Indians at the commencement of King Philip's War iu 1675.1 In 1683 Shapleigh. finding his property almost worthless on account of the Indian troubles, sold the neck and island to Richard Wharton, of Boston. After Wharton's purchase of Sebascodegan, the Indians continued possession of the island, for the purpose of catching fish, seal, and porpoise. This prevented any further settlements there for some 3'ears.2 [1689. J In the year 1689 that portion of the Pejepscot tract adja- cent to Brunswick, known as the "Gore," which formerly belonged to the town of Yarmouth, but is now a part of Freeport, began to be settled. Eight or ten families who had been driten from Eleutheria, one of the West India Islands, by the Spaniards, and who were dependent on Boston for support, came thither for a home.3 The G-ore was a triangular strip of land left between the southwestern boundary of Brunswick and the northeastern line of Yarmouth. [1702.] In 1702 Benjamin Marston received possession by deed, of Thomas Potts, of Dover, New Hampshire, son of Eichard Potts, of the estate at Potts's Point and the island near by, which was previously owned by Potts.^ He is thought to have made a settlement there. Among the Pejepscot Papers is the following memorandum, which, though in part a repetition of what has already been given, is inserted on account of the more particular information it conveys about certain matters. No date or authorship is given to the paper, but there is no doubt that it was made about the year 1714, by one of the Pejepscot proprietors. " AN ACC'T OF THE EASTERN PARTS AND OF THE SEVERAL SETTLEMENTS THAT HAVE EVER BEEN MADE ON THE LANDS FORMERLY PURCHASED BY MR. "WHARTON AND NOW 5 BOUGHT BY EIGHT OP US. ' ' The narrow carrying place that parts Casco Bay from Merrymeet- ing Bay, settled by Stevens, who has a son now at New Haven mar- ried to Parlftrs' daughter. " Settlements on the Eastern side of Small Point Neck. " Next to above s* Stevens, at the upper Whigby, or Wiskege, by Lawson owned b^' Ephraim Savage. i McKeen, Harpsioell Banner, Oct. , 1832. 2 McKeen, Ibid. ^McKeen, " Gleanings " in Brunswick Telegraph, 1859. 4 York County Records, 10, p. 88. 5 The Pejepscot Company was formed in 1714. 20 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. " William Rogers about 2 leagues lower. " Thomas Watkins about a mile lower. " Mr. Gooch, the minister, about a mile lower down the river. ' • John Filman about a mile lower. " Capt. Re3-nolcls about a mile lower. " John Laj-ton at the neck just above Winegance. " Mary Webber about 2 mile lower — her son goes now with Cap- tain Bracket. " William Baker about a mile lower. " Sj-lvanus Davis, now suppose Nelson. ' ' John Parker. " Thomas Humphreys. " Ichabod Wiswall. " John Verin. "• Samuel Newcomb. " William Cock and John Cock within half a mile. " Robert Edmunds, said to be claimed now by S' Charles Hobbj'. " James Mudge within a quarter of a mile. " Thomas Atkins, said to have bo't the whole neck down to Small Point of Indians and to have sold their interest to the other inhabi- tants. Some of his heirs supposed to be now living at Roxbury or Dorchester. "Ambrose Hunni well the lowest settlement on that side, about 4 mile short of Small Point. Hunniwell that works for Captain Belcher, one of that familj'. "■On the western side of that neck only Drake who settled at Small Point harbour — lived there but a little while. " On Merriconege Neck only 2 settlements. " Richard Potts who lived at the lower end. " John Damarell about 3 miles above him. " But one settlement at Mair Point by John Phippany. " But one settlement at Maquoit b}- Robert ^ Haines. " Settlements between Pejepscot & Swan Island on the north side of Merr^Tneeting Baj'. ' ' Samuel York about 4 or 5 mile down from tlie Falls Bn the East- ern side. Living now at Squam, Cape Ann, he supposed the likeliest man to inform how far Merriconege Neck or Shaplej-s Island have been possessed or improved. " James Thomas ^ a mile below. He and his heirs supposed to be wholly extinct. ' Possibly 'J homas is meant. I'EJEPSCOT PURCHASE, AiTD PRIOR SETTLEMENTS. 21 " WilUams J a mile farther-only a man & his wife-had no chil- dren — supposed to be extinct. '^'^ James Giles about 4 miles up Muddy Eiver. "Thomas Giles at Point on south side of Muddy Eiver mouth. Ut these families Gyles of Winnissemet Ferry and Giles the Inter- preter now live at Salisbury. "Thomas Watkins at Shildrake Point, between Muddy Eiver and Cathance. '^' Alexander Browne east side of mouth of Cathance Eiver. ^'Dependence Collicut at point of Abegedasset Eiver claims that point— no settlement between s" Collicut & Swan Island. " One settlement at Swan Island by Collicut, Alexander Brown and Humphrey Davis, by turns — " • Samuel White, in 1714, produced the testimony of George Phippen and wife that his grandfather, Nicholas White, was settled at the upper end of Mair Point about forty-four years previously, and that Phippen and his wife were for several years the nearest neighbors. Two other testimonies, of persons Kving " on Pulpit Island or New Damariscove," were given to the same effect. The names of these two witnesses are not recorded. i ORIGLN- OF THE PEJEPSCOT COMPANY. [1693. J Eichard Wharton, who had become possessed of the greater portion of the lands already mentioned, having died in England, administration de bonis non on his estate was granted Dec. 30, 1693, to Ephraim Savage, of Boston. [1697.J On Oct. 26, 1697, the Superior Court at Boston author- ized and empowered Savage to sell Wharton's estate in order to liqui- date his debts.2 [1714. J On Nov. 5, 1714, Savage, acting in accordance with the authority above mentioned, sold the whole of the above tract of land to Thomas Hutchinson, Adam Winthrop, John Watts, David Jeffries, Stephen Minot, Oliver Noyes, and John Euck, of Boston, Massachu- setts, and John Wentworth, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, for the sum of £140, to hold in fee as tenants in common. The conveyance was acknowledged the next day and was recorded in the York records on the nineteenth of the following November. ^ These "tenants in common" constituted the original company of the Pejepscot proprietors. On Oct. 20, 1714, the General Court of I Pejepscot Papers. 2 Pejepseot Records. ' Pejepscot Papers, Statement of Title. 22 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Massachusetts passed a resolution that it was for the public interest that some townships be laid out and settled in the eastern countrj', and John Wheelwright and others were appointed a committee to receive the claims of all persons claiming lands there. [1715. J On the 18th of Februarj', 1715, the Pejepscot proprie- tors made certain proposals to the above-mentioned committee : — 1. That the General Court should give confirmation to their pur- chase, in order that thej' might " be better able to encourage substan- tial farmers to remove with their stock from England." 2. For the encouragement of a fishing town at Small Point. 3. That whenever twelve or more persons offered themselves. for anj' new settlement, thej- should be " covered "i with such a force and for such a time as ttie General Court should deem necessary. 4. That those settling in the limits of the Peje]Dscot tract should, for the first seven years, have some assistance from the public towards the maintenance of a ministry, and should be exempted from the pay- ment of any Province tax. The proprietors agreed that, if the General Court would consent to the foregoing proposals, they would, on their part, agree to enter into the following arrangements : — 1 . To lay out three or, if the land would admit, four plats or towns, and have them surveyed and platted that same summer, at their own cost. 2. "In seven years, if peace continues with the Indians," they would settle "each of said towns with fifty families or more, in a defensive manner, having already offers of very considerable num- bers, both in this country and from England." And in order thereto they were willing to grant them such house-lots, in fee, and such accommodations in regard to their lands, as might induce them to set- tle there. 3. That they would lay out a convenient portion of land in each town, for "the subsistence of the first minister, the ministry, and a school." 4. "Being desirous that the people might not live like heathen, without the worship of God, as had been too frequent in new settle- ments," they engaged, for the more speedy procuring of a minister, and to make it easier for the inhabitants at their first settling down, that as soon as there should be twenty householders in each of the towns, who would provide a frame for, and raise a meetino--house ' i. e., protected. PEJEPSCOT PURCHASE, AND PRIOR SETTLEMENTS. 23 thej' would, at their own expense, furnish glass, lead, nails, iron work, and other materials, and finish the meeting-house for them, and paj- towards the maintenance of an " orthodox gospel minister " in each town, the sum of £40 per annum, for five j'ears. These pro- posals to the committee received the signature of all the proprietors.! On the twenty-seventh of the following Ma}', the committee reported favorably on these proposals, and the General Court, on the tenth of June, passed resolutions in accordance therewith. Thus this company became undoubted legal owners of the territory they had purchased. STATEMENT OF THE TITLE. The Pejepscot tract, in consequence of the varied mode of its acqui- sition and the uncertaint}' of its true bounds, became the subject of a- lengthy and severe controversy between the proprietors and several other claimants, — more particularly the Kennebec Companj', — which lasted until about 1814. In order to understand this controversj', as well as the decision arrived at, it becomes necessary- to state the sev- eral questions involved, and to make some explanatory remarks. It is not, however, necessary to reproduce the exact points urged by the opponents of the Pejepscot Companj'. The questions to be considered are evidently as follows : — 1. In regard to the validity of the original titles to the land. 2. In regard to the extent of these titles. 3. In regard to the validity of the subsequent sales and convey- ances. 4. In regard to the jurisdiction. In regard to the first, it is proper to state that the original claims to all lands in this section could only originate in one of three ways : first, by grant from the King of England, direct or indirect; secondly, by purchase from the Indians ; thirdly, by right of occupa- tion of unclaimed land, in other words, by the right of " squatter sovereignty." The validity of the claims to land obtained in these three ways may be considered as strong in the order given. The right in virtue of a grant emanating from the government holding possession of the coun- try has ever been considered indubitable, unless conflicting with some prior grant from the same source. The right in virtue of a grant from the Indians is more than doubtful, though it may, we presume, some- times have been deemed valid in those cases where no other grant 1 Pejepscot Records. 24 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. existed,! and where there had been no prior sale by parties represent- ing the same tribe, and the right either of those selling, or of the tribe thej' claimed to represent, was not contested. The right by virtue of occupation simply, is valid after the lapse of a certain number of years, determined by legal enactments. In applying these principles to the different grants of the Pejepscot lands, it will be seen at once that the-grant by the council of Plymouth to Purchase and Way was perfectly valid, unless it conflicted with a previous grant, by the same council, to the Kennebec Company. The evidence that a grant was issued to Purchase and Way was virtually proved. The deed of land bought by Purchase of the Indians, if any such there was, would only serve to strengthen his other claim. The title to the lands, purchased of the Indians by Thomas, York, Gyles, and Stevens, should be considered valid, except as to anj' por- tion which might overlap the territory belonging either to Purchase and Way or to the Kennebec Company. The purchase of lands from the Indians by Nicholas Shapleigh was -^-alid, there being no prior grant. That of Wharton from Worumbo, etc., was equally valid for the same reason, except where it conflicted with the other grants. The ground assumed by the Kennebec Company was that they owned, by virtue of their charter, all the land up and down the Kennebec River for fifteen miles upon each side, and that consequently some of the before-specified titles, being later, were null and void. They also claimed that the Pejepscot Company had not located their lands in accordance with the Worumbo deed. The question, in regard to the boundaries of the lands granted, is the most important. The descriptions used in the old conveyances were often very indefinite. The bounds, said to have been given in the patent to Purchase and Waj-, are, however, suflBciently explicit as to one direction, and Purchase's deed to Massachusetts gives the bounds in the other direction. The territory granted in the sale to Nicholas Shapleigh is also clearlj- defined, being bounded by Pur- chase's possessions and b}' the sea. The point of the long dispute lay in the description given in the Worumbo deed. This deed in- cluded all the lands before granted. Did it include more? It could not include more on the south and east, but it undoubtedlj' did on the west and north. The description reads : — ' ' All the aforesaid lands from the uppermost part of Androscoggin 1 Maine Historical Collections, 2, p. 273. Kent's Commentaries, 3, p. 385. Wheaton's International Law {Dana), p. 40, note. PEJKPSCOT PURCHASE, AND PRIOR SETTLEMENTS. 25 falls four miles westward and so down to Maquoit," and on the other side of the river from the same falls to the Kennebec, on a line running south^\'est and northeast The principal question to be decided is as to what falls were meant. Were such terms to be used in a deed at the present day, there would be but little doubt that a point above all the falls in the river was intended. At the time of the deed, however, the river was not so well linown as now, and serious doubts might justly be entertained as to whether the falls at Lewiston, Lisbon, or Brunswick were intended. If the Lewiston Falls were meant, the territory would consist of about 600,000 acres,! whereas if the falls at Brunswick were meant, the extent of territory embraced by the deed would not be one quarter so large. The opponents of the Pejepscot Company claimed that the Brunswick Falls were the ones intended. The proprietors, however, took the ground, doubtless correct, that the river below Brunswick was called the Pejepscot by both Indians and settlers, and that the lower falls were uniformly described, at that date, as the Pejepscot Falls, and consequently, that the falls referred to were those at Lewiston. The proprietors, however, came to a settlement with the Plymouth (or Kennebec) Company, on February 20, 1758, and released to them all the lands to the northward of a line drawn through the mouth of the Cathance Eiver, and running west-northwest to the west-side line of the Plymouth claim. ^ This settlement, however, proved unsatisfactory, and, June 17, 1 766, the southern line of Bowdoinham and the Kennebec. River were fixed upon and agreed to by the contending parties,'' and on the 8th of March, 1787, the legislature of Massachusetts passed a resolution to the effect that the Twenty Mile or Lewiston Falls should be considered the uppermost falls referred to in the Worumbo deed.^' The difficulties do not seem to have terminated even then ; for in the year 1800, the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, acting on the report of referees, made substantially the same decision that had been made by the legislature,''' adding, however, certain stipulations in regard to the assignment of lots to settlers. The proprietors for a long time refused to abide by the terms of the decision, and the controversy was not finally settled until 1814.« The claims of individual settlers under other titles were disposed of by confirmatory grants from the Pejepscot Company, unless their titles 1 ride Douglcm Summary, 1748. ^ Lincoln County Reyistry of Deeds, 1, p. 21. s Pejepscot Recordx. ^ Pejepscot Papers, Statement of Title. ^Pejepscot Records. ^ Williamson, History of Maine. 2, p. 585. 26 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. were proved to be illegal and void, or to have lapsed. The territorial limits of the companj', at the time of the final decision of the contro versj' with the Ptymouth Company, embraced the present towns of Danville, Lewiston, Greene, a part of Lisbon, a part of Leeds, a part of Poland and Minot, Durham, Bowdoin, Topsham, Brunswick, and Harpswell. The territorj^, as previously claimed by the company, would have included Bowdoinham and Richmond in addition. In regard to the validity of the conveyance by Wharton's adminis- trator to the proprietors, there can, of course, be no doubt. There is also no doubt as to the jurisdiction of Massachusetts after Indepen- dence was declared. As to prior governments, it is only necessarj- to say, that although the jurisdiction over this part of the present State of Maine was claimed at different periods- by different rulers, and went under the several names of the Province of Laconiai (1622), the Prov- ince of Lj-gonia (1630), the Province of Maine (G-orges-1639), and the Massachusetts Colony (1651-1677), yet the transfer of jurisdic- tion by Purchase to the latter gave her the strongest claim to the Pejepscot tract, though the fairness of her title to the Province of Maine is still a mooted question. At this early date, however, the jurisdiction was merely nominal, there being but little actual enforcement of the laws in this portion of the Province. I The grant of the Province of Laaonia, was rather indefinite, hut as it included the lands " betwixt ye lines of West and North West conceived to pass or lead upwards from ye rivers of Sagadehock & Merrimack in ye country of New England afores'd," it must have included all of Maine west of the Kennebec, and, consequently included the Pejepscot tract. PEJEPSOOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 27 CHAPTER III. DOIKGS OF THE PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS, AND SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. Up to the time of the formation of the Pejepscot Company, in 1714, comparatively few persons had made settlements in this region, and there had been no organized efforts to induce settlers to come hither. From this time new settlei-s appear oftener than before, though not very rapidly at first. [1715. J Among other projects of the proprietors to encourage immigration to their lands, they voted, at a meeting held Sept. 14, 1715, " That the present projection for laying out the Town of Bruns- wick in one Line of Houses be accepted and the Town laid out accord- ingly-. " That each Proprietor will take up a Lot and build upon it as soon as raay be. That we consent to Mr. Noj'es taking his Lot next Maquoit (he promising to build a Defensible House thereon next Spring). That the Meeting House shall be in the midway between the Fort & Maquoit. That the Lots for the Ministry, the First Min- ister & the School be the Centre Lots, and as for the other Lots, Those persons, whether Proprietors or others, that first take up the Lots & bnild upon them, shall take their choice. And that the Out- bounds & the plan of Topsham be likewise laid out now, three Sides of a Square, the Houses Twenty Rods distant according to the plan offered to the Generall Court." ^ [1716. J The Pejepscot proprietors, some time in 1716, or perhaps 1717, bought a large tract of land extending from Abbacadasset Point up the west side of the Kennebec River, as far as the north end of Swan Island, and thence into the country for four miles. The title came from Kennebis, and Clark and Lake, but mediately through Richard Collicut and Samuel and Haimah Holman, of whom the pro- prietors bought. 1 Pejepscot Records. 28 HISTORY OF BEUh'SWICK, TOPSHAM,' AND HARPSWELL. The proprietors at this time had to send everything necessary for the carrying on of their operations from Boston, and we accordingly And that at their first meeting, held Feb. 21, 1716, they voted to have twenty hundred weight of screwed hay, for the use of their cattle there, sent to Brunswick by the first sloop that went ; and that the other things that had been requested should be sent to their servant, James Irish.i At a meeting of the proprietors, held Sept. 5, of this year, it was voted : (Agreeably to their previous vote of the twenty-seventh of April, gi-antiug liberty to Adam Winthrop, one of their partners, to make choice of some island, neck, or tract of land within their territory) That Swan Island should be appropriated to Winthrop as his share of their first division, and that it should be reckoned at 1,000 acres, whether it proved to be more or less ; " That Mair-Point be divided into Two Lots, The Lower half part to be Lot No. 2 —The upper half to be Lot No. 3 " ; that the portion of land lying between Cathance River and the eastern part of Abagadasset Point, and a line running north- erly from the latter, should be divided into five lots, equal in front, and that the lot nearest Cathance River should be called No. 4, and that they should be numbered from that lot, successively, Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 ; that each lot should run back from Merrj-meeting Bay, until it embraced 1,000 acres ; that if either half part of Mair Point should fall short of 1,000 acres, the deficiency should be made up in some part of the township of Brunswick. After the passage of the preceding votes, the proprietors proceeded to draw lots for their respective choices, with the following results : — Lot No. 2 fell to John Wentworth, Esq. " 3 " Mr. Stephen Minot. " 4 " Thomas Hutchinson, Esq. " 6 " Oliver Noj'es. " 6 " Mr. John Ruck. " 7 " David Jefiiies, Esq. " 8 " John "Watts, Esq. The above lots were called the First Division. It was then voted that there should be eight lots laid out on Small Point Neck, etc., and that these lots should be called their Second Division.^ At a meeting of the proprietors, held on the 13th of November fol- lowing, it was agreed that they should give Captain Nowell a deed of iPe/epscoi Records. ^Ibid. PJEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDJUR THEM. 29 five hundred acres of land within the township of Topsham, on the condition that he would build a house there and dwell there for the next five years, and that he would not leave except by consent of the proprietors, and on condition that the land allotted him should be so laid out as not to interfere with the plan of the town. As no other reference is made to Captain Nowell in the Pejepscot Papers, it is not probable that the conditions were fulfilled. [1 717. J On the third of May, 1717, Brunswick was, by vote of the General Court of Massachusetts, constituted a township, and the Pejepscot proprietors, with a view to the settlement of the town, '■'■Voted: That all persons that shall offer themselves and be Excepted Inhabitants of the said Town And have a Lett of Land Laid out to them in S* Township of ninety five Acres as also five acres of meadow in some Convenient place They building an house on Each Lott so Taken up within one year next after their taking up the S* Lotts & Dwelling upon & improvin their Lands for the Terme of Three YAires, And having their Said Lands Discribed & recorded in this Town Book bj- a Clerk Leagually Chosen & sworne It shall be accounted a Sure Lawful! Title of an absolute State of Inheritance in fee To them their Heirs & assignes forever, Provided nevertheless If anj' of y' before recited Conditions are not Comply ed with by the said Inhabitants according to 3'" True intent thereof That then y" S'* Lotts of Land Shall be wholly forfited to j^ use of the S* Proprietors as fully as Ever here to fore any thing in this Book Kecorded notwithstanding." 1 At a meeting of the proprietors, June 13, 1717, Lieutenant Heath was instructed to survey and make a plot of each of the proprietor's lots. It was also voted that the township of Topsham be likewise sui-veyed and plotted in an oblong square, if the land would allow it, fronting on Merrymeeting Baj', so as to leave about two huudred acres, and that this town plat be laid out into fifty lots, each lot to be twenty' rods wide. It was also decided at this meeting to have a general plan of the whole territory made as soon as might be. The proprietors also desired Mr. Hutchinson to write to a friend in England for a copy of the patent to Purchase and Way, and to send it to them, well attested, as soon as possible. ^ The document is not on file with the Pejepscot Papers, and it is probable that it was never obtained. At a meeting of the proprietors, June 17, 1717, it was ''Voted, That a mile and a half upwards from Potts's Neck, and the other prongs ^Brvnsioick Records, in Pejepscot Collections. ^Pejepscot Records. 30 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. of Merrj'coneag Neck, be left on the lower end of said Merry coneag Neck, for a Town or Fishing Settlement, the rest of said Neck to be divided in eight parts equal in Front, to run across said Neck, in par- alel lines, from the North West to the South East side, according to the bearing of the said land, the Lowest Lett to be No. 1. " The Lotts being fairly drawn came out as follows, viz. : — '. 1. David Jeffries. 2. John Watts. 8. John Ruck. 4. Adam Winthrop. 5. John Wentwoxth. 6. Oliver Noyes. 7. Stephen Minott. 8. Thomas Hutchinson." ^ [I7I8.J At a meeting of the proprietors, held April 23, 1718, it was " Resolved: That whereas it will tend much to the advantage of the Settlements for each Partner to settle his Severall Lotts laid out to him, and that it may be a means of preventing Troublesome dis- putes, we agree, as soon as maj' be convenientlj^, to build upon our Severall Divisions and to put them under Improvement." [1719. J The next reference to this subject that has been found is in the proceedings of a meeting of the inhabitants and a committee of the Pejepscot proprietors, held May 8, 1719. At this meeting a vote was passed, " That all Persons who have or Shall Take up any Lott or Lotts in Brunswick & Shall for y" space of halfe a year neglect to put Forward Building on & improving the s* Land Shall be Liable to be forever Deprived of their Lott or Lotts ; By the vote of this s'^ Town." The land for a town commonage was granted hy the proprietors at this time, but the vote passed will be given in connection witli that subject. [1731. J In 1731 Phineas Jones was employed to survey the lands and make plans. He found Brunswick and the lands above, on both sides of the Androscoggin River, to be 480,543 acres, Merriconeag Neck to be 4,670 acres, and Sebascodegan Island to be 5,790 acres. He made his survej' in the winter season with five or six assistants, protected from the Indians by a file of soldiers. They selected the winter because there were fewer Indians about, and also because, the ponds and brooks being frozen, they could travel over them. In deep snow they could use snow-shoes.^ '^Pejepscot Papers. ^McKeen, MSS. Lecture. PEJEPSCOr PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM, 31 Joseph Heath, Esquire, had been up to this time the agent and clerk of the company, but June 30, of this year. Captain Benjamin Larrabee was appointed agent, and the record book, containing the doings of the settlers, was transferred to him.i The proprietor, also, on the twelfth of July, 1737, gave John Booker, of New Meadows, the power of attorney to keep all unauthorized persons from settling upon Sebascodegan Island, or from cutting wood or timber or hay there, and to seize upon and ship to Boston any timber or wood cut there without permission, one half the proceeds to go to Booker for his ser- vices, and the other half to the proprietors.^ The proprietors at the same time gave the power of attornej' to Colonel Johnson Harmon, of Merriconeag, for the purpose of keeping off intruders from the Neck.^ Julj' 16, 1737, the proprietors gave Benjamin Larrabee full power of attorney to execute deeds to the settlers in Brunswick and Tops- ham.4 In a letter of instructions to Larrabee, dated two days later, the following information was given in regard, to the prices of the lots, and as to his duties : — "The first settlers were to pay but five pounds for each hundred acres — Since that, Giveen and those near him were to pay Sixteen pounds for each hundred acres — Some that have more latelj' taken Lotts at Brunswick Eoad Ten pounds for each hundred Acres, those at Topsham and New Meadows Twenty five pounds for each hundred acres — " As fast as you can receive money for the deeds you execute we would have you apply it to discharge the debts of the proprietj^ viz : Mr. Pearse the Carpenter and Mr. Wakefield the Glazier for Bruns- wick Meeting house. " If the Lotts at Brunswick Road to Maquoit and Topsham are not all filled up or granted you may go on to grant them on as good Terms as you can for the Proprietors — not lower than Ten pounds in Bruns- wick and Twentj' five pounds in Topsham." ^ [1739. J In June, 1739, Mr. Larrabee sent a representation to the proprietors of the difficulties the settlers labored under, in regard to paying for their lots in money, and the proprietors agreed that they might send the pay for their lots in wood or timber, to Boston, without charge.^ [1741. J At a meeting of the proprietors held at the " Sun" tav- 1 Pejepscot Records. ^ Pejepscot Papers. Tbid. * Pejepscot Records. 6 xbid. ^ Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. 32 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ern, Boston, April 22, 1741, it was voted that the following instruc- tions be given to their partner, Henry Gibbs, to act upon while he was at Brunswick : — " [l.J Whereas the Lotts were laid out but 20 rods wide from Fort George to Maquoit, the inhabitants complain they are too long and narrow, therefore for Accommodation of the settlers it is now pro- posed that they be 30 rods wide & to be laid out on one Side of the Road and to be one hundred acres exclusive of the marsh & to be valued at Fourteen pounds p Lott. " [2. J Att every 10th Lott a Road of four rods wide to be laid out the whole length of said Lott if it fall out convenient. The County Road if any be laid out to be laid down on the Town plan & to be reckoned as one of said Roads and in case the Lott next said Road be more than 30 Rods wide yet to run an equal length with the rest & it be left to be appropriated as shall be Judged Most for the Interest of the Propriety. " [3.] The Lotts on the East side of the Road to Maquoit to be Fortj' Rods wide as the Land will allow because the Land is not so good & necessarj' roads to be on that side. " [4. J We are willing that a Priviledge be granted to such as will undertake to build a Grist Mill at a little stream near the Fort."i The stream referred to in the preceding paragraph had its source in the swamp which formerlj- existed where the depot is now. This swamp extended as far east as the mall, as far north as Pleasant street, and westerly bej'ond Union Street. The brook ran along be- tween Union and Maine Streets, passing back of the factory store and entering the river about where the factorj^ is now. After the swamp was filled and drained, of course the brook no longer existed. [1750. J At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, held July 9, 1750, it was voted that an advertisement should be posted upon the meeting-house at Brunswick, stating that it was the intention of the proprietors to defend the inhabitants of Brunswick and the neighbor- ing towns in the propriety, in their possessions, and that any person who should be so imprudent as to take up land under any other title, would be prosecuted. At the same meeting it was also voted to dis- pose of the vacant land at New Meadows, viz., that extending from Charles Casida's lot to Wigwam Point, exclusive, for the most that it wonld bring, and out of the proceeds of the sale to pay the expense of finishing the meeting-house in Brunswick. The remainder was to be 1 Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 33 kept subject to the order of the proprietors.! A note at the bottom of the above entry in the records saj's, " Not accepted by the Town." [1751. J On March 19th of this year, 1751, a letter was sent to the selectmen of Brunswick, by the proprietors, recommending that no one should take a title of land from the Plymouth Company, and promising them that if any of the inhabitants of Brunswick or Tops- ham should be molested or disturbed by that company, the proprietors would stand by them and indemnify them against the Plymouth Com- pany's claim. 2 This letter, however, seems not to have fully satisfied all the set- tlers, as some few did take up land under titles derived from the Plj'mouth Company. Learning this fact, the proprietors, at a meeting held April 15, voted, " to unite in defence of their Title to the Lands comprehended in said Township, and that an advertisement be forth- with printed. Cautioning all persons against making any Encroachment, Strip, or "Waste, on any Land belonging to this Propriety, as they will answer it to the utmost perill of the Law." ^ In addition to this vote the proprietors, at a meeting held May 15, in order to show to all interested the exact bounds of the several lots, voted that the several deeds, or sufficient extracts from them, should be at once printed at the company's expense.* The people of Topsham not having, at this time, the advantage of a local government, were apparently inclined to do about as thej' pleased, without reference to the proprietors, and some lawless acts were undoubtedly committed by them. The following letter from Belcher Noyes, the proprietors' clerk, to Adam Hunter, of Topsham, will show what some of these acts were : — " Boston, May 12, 1753. " Me. Adam Huntek: " I wrote you last fall by Ste Gatchell to wMch have never had any answer from you, the Proposal made us by Capt. Willson is quite mean & unworthy any notice, I am sorry to hear your People have so generally combined in the old Trade of destroying the Lumber on y' Proprietors Interest this is very Abusive Treatment & con^'inces us you have no Regard to the Laws of God and man, for such a small frontier Settlem' to live in such an abandoned State in the open viola- tion of all Law, will expose you to the vengeance due to such Behaviour & it will one day fall heavy on your Heads. 1 Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. 2n>id. 'Ibid. *Ibid. c4 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. " For shame then be persuaded to leave of such actions, Topsham is become the Reproach of everybody. The Donlaps & Willsons are famous in this Trade. I should be glad when you come to Boston you might come prepared w'' some scheme to render your settlm' capa- ble of a better Improvement & encourage the Increase of Inhabitants. "I enclose you a plan Dehneating y' Bounds of the Plymouth Claim & our answer to their Remarks on said Plan I pray you would peruse the same & give me your sentiments in so doing you will oblige, " yours to serve " B. NOYES." 1 [1757. J At a meeting of the proprietors, held May 31, 1757, Belcher Noyes was chosen clerk, and in the following June, treasurer and collector of taxes. At the meeting in June, a committee was chosen to conclude an agreement with tlie proprietors of the Kennebec purchase. It was also voted that the proposals from the Plj-mouth Company, for the accommodation of the disputes between them, should be accepted. At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, held at the Exchange tavern in Boston, on Wednesday, Juiie 8, the subject of an agreement with the Plymouth Company was debated and decided upon. [1758. J The deeds of the Pejepscot proprietors to the Plymouth proprietors, and of the latter to the former, were made and executed, in accordance with the above-mentioned agreement, on February 20, 1758.2 [1760. J The people of Topsham, at this time, are still at opposi- tion with the proprietors, as appears from a letter of Belcher Noj'es, their clerk, to E. Freeman, dated July 30, in which he states that there are some in Topsham who deny the title of the Pejepscot Com- pany, the ringleaders being Captain Adam Hunter and Captain Thomas Wilson. He further states that there are " pj'rates " there, who have made their living out of the proprietors bj' destroying the lumber, and that " none so guilty as this said Hunter who has gott an estate out of those woods." He says also that Mr. Gibbs had sold his right to one John Merrill, of Arundell, who would go down in the fall.3 [1761. J At ameeting held Oct. 8, 1761, Enoch Freeman, Esq., was desired and empowered to have a regular plan made of the township of Topsham, and to have the lots for settling so delineated that it '^ Pejepscot Papers. ^P^epscot Papers. Recoi-ds. ^ Pejepscot Papers. PEJEPSCOT PROPSIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDKE THEM. 35 conlcl be known what land remained undisposed of. He was to make the line between the Ph-mouth and Pejepscot Companies' lands the boundaiy of his snrvej', and was to have the lands plotted bj' a skilful survej^or, into lots of one hundred acres each, so far as the land would admit. At the same meeting, he and Belcher Noyes were empowered to ■ dispose of the settling lots in Topsham that were not already taken up, and to appl}' the proceeds towards finishing the meeting-house, the frame of which was alreadj' raised. At this meeting authority was given to Belcher Noj-es " to execute a Deed of the old Stone Fort, with the Buildings and Land adjacent, in the Town of Brunswick, in behalf of this Propriety, viz. The one half to Jere- miah Moulton Esq. The other half to Capt. David Dunning ; they paying unto the said Belcher Noyes the sum of one hundred and thirty three pounds six shillings and eight pence, lawful money, — for which sum he is to account with the Proprietors. Also, the privilege of the stream at the Falls, and its appurtenances." ^ [1762. J At a meeting of the proprietors, June S, 1762, it was voted to sell to Stephen Staples one hundred acres of land above the Cathance Mill, in Topsham, for five shillings and four pence per acre, and to apply the moijey towards finishing the meeting-house. It was likewise voted to sell to William Patten sixty-six acres of land situ- ated in a gore of land on Cathance Eiver — it being the balance of the land belonging to Cathance Mill — for whatever price could be obtained.^ In a letter from Belcher Noyes, dated October, 1762, and written to some unknown person, reference is made to the encroachments of the Plymouth Company upon the settlers at Topsham. In this letter he says : , — "The Plymouth Company have at the last session of our General Court gott a. Tract of Land without Inhabitants, incorporated into a Township by the Name of Bowdoinham, the Bounds of which are enclosed. This takes off a small part of Topsham and some few families on Cathance Point, and by this means they have crowded themselves on us, contrary to their agreement. This was perfected before I knew anything of it. The People of Topsham are uneasy that their township is not laid out." [1763. J The trouble between the settlers at Topsham and the Pejepscot proprietors has not yet been quieted. Mr. Belcher Noyes writes to Mr. Freeman that '•' Capt. Wilson is at the head of this Rebellion —you will find him a very troublesome fello w."" In another 1 Brunswick lieiords in Pejepscot Collection. ^ Pejepscot Records, 1, p- 216. ^Pejepscot Papers. 36 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. letter, dated June 22, 1763, and probablj^ to the same person, he says, referring to a meeting of the committees of the Plj-mouth and Pejep- scot Companies to settle the dividing line between their respective ter- ritories, that the former, " in order to induce us to a complj-ance with their construction of the matter, produced a delusive plan taken by their surveyor, whereby the points of land called Summerset Point and Pleasant Point were so laid down as to persuade us, if they could, that they made the mouth of Cathauce river." He says, moreover, that the Plymouth Company -'intend to make a point of it and to force us to a complyance and by the fixing the southerly line of Bow- doinham I take it we are foreclosed and must submit to their terms." He concludes by saying that this land " we have lost absolutely by our neglect in the survey of Topsham and getting the same incor- porated which has been settled 30 j-ears ago."i There are numerous letters from the proprietors' clerk, all complain- ing of the delay in completing the plan of Topsham.^ This survey was made by Stephen Gatchell, whom Noyes describes as " a poor, miserable, shufling fellow and indebted to everyone." It was completed Oct. 28 of this year.^ It took Gatchell forty-seven days to perform this work with the aid of three assistants. He charged for his work £25 Is. 4d. The inhabitants of Topsham, having suffered long enough from the rival claims of the Plymouth and Pejepscot Companies, from taxation bj' the town of Brunswick, and from the want of power to control whatever turbulent element there might be amongst them, decided to applj' for an Act of incorporation as a town, and accordingly a petition was this year sent to the General Court, praying for the passage of such an Act. [1766. J On May 29, 1766, an agreement was made between the Kennebec and Pejepscot proprietors, whereby the southerly line of the township of Bowdoinham was made the line between the territory of the two companies, and as compensation for which the former proprie- tors granted to the latter five hundred acres of land "to be hereafter agreed upon." They also allowed one hundred and ninety acres of land in the possession of John Fulton, on Cathance Point. On June 11, it was mutually agreed that in lieu of the five hundred acres to be allowed to the Pejepscot proprietors, they should have i' 400 acres as laid out on Cobbasecontee Pond, in Pond Town, so called." This agreement, as amended, was duly and legally confirmed by both par- ties, June 17, 1766.* ^ Pejepscot Papers. ^Ibid. ^Ibid. *Ibid. PEJEPSCOT PEOPRIETOnS.- SETTLEMENTS UNDER TUEM 37 ^[1787.] At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, held Aug. 13, 1787, Josiah Little was elected as their clerk, in place of Belcher Noyes, deceased.^ [1799.] On the 3d of May, of this year, Josiah Little, Esquire, was chosen by the Pejepscot proprietors as their agent, to take care of their undivided interest in the town of Brunswick ; to prosecute any trespassers ; or to dispose of any or all of the property as he should judge to be most for their interest.^ SETTLEMENTS UNDER THE PROPRIETOES. The efforts made by the Pejepscot proprietors to settle their lands were, for the most part, quite successful, though the rapidity with which settlers came in varied very much at different times. Many of these earlier settlers, ;t is said, ran away from England, and upon their arrival in this country changed their names. Between 1717 and 1722 forty-one persons are known to have settled in Brunswick, and there were doubtless others whose names have not been preserved. Many of these settlers, however, forfeited their lots in consequence of their non-fulfllment of the required con- ditions.- In 1722 the fourth Indian, or Lovewell's, war commenced, and the situation of the settlers here became so disagreeable that they nearly all abandoned their homes, and it was not until about 1730 that the settlement was renewed. Those who are known to have remained are John Minot, Andrew Dunning and his sous, William Woodside and Ebenezer Stanwood and their sons., William Simpson and David Giveen and sons, of Bruns- wick ; and Lieutenant Eaton, John Vincent, Thomas Thorn, James Ross, John Malcom, James McFarland, William Stinson, James, Isaac, and John Hunter, of Topsham. The most of these had garrisons.* David Giveen, mentioned above, had been living at Mair Point, but about 1727 he bought three hundred acres of land at Middle Bay of the proprietors, and moved to the latter place.'* On June 30, J. 733, the proprietors granted to Benjamin Larrabee, gratis, a lot of land in Brunswick, — one hundred acres, — on certain specified conditions of improvement and tenancy.^ In September of the following . year, Samuel Woodward paid Ben- jamin Larrabee, agent for the proprietors, £5 towards the purchase of a lot of one hundred acres, situated between Captain Woodside's land and Bungamunganeck, the conditions of the sale being that Woodward was to build a suitable dwelling-house on the lot, and clear 1 Pejupscot Records. ^ Ibid. ^ McKeen, MSS. Lectures. *Ibid. ^Pejepscot Records, i, p. in. 38 EIS'lORY OF BUUNSWICE, TOPSBAM, AND HARPS WELL. and inhabit it by the last of the following May (1735), and to pay £13 additional, or forfeit the £5 already paid ; and if there were not one hundred acres in the lot specified, it was to be made up elsewhere. i In the year 1738 the township of Brunswick was incorporated as a body politic by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and a consider- able increase at once took place in the number of new settlers. On June 27, 1739, there were thirty-nine individuals who had recently come into possession of lots at New Meadows.^ Whether all these persons actually lived upon their lots is unknown, but doubtless the greater number did. There were also, at this time, in other parts of the town, twenty-nine ^ individuals who were either new settlers or the sons of early settlers who had now become of age. In June, 1740, the proprieters voted to give Benjamin Larrabee a lease of the lands adjacent to Fort George, and also the privilege of the salmon fishery, on such terms as might be agreed upon by the com- mittee, to whom all such matters were referred.^ Larrabee was at this time the agent of the proprietors, and probably the terms agreed upon with the committee were quite liberal. The following list of the land deeds issued by him, while agent, will prove interesting in this connection : — MEM" OP ALL DEEDS OlST RECORD MADE BY BENJAMIN LAKA- BEB ESQ AS ATTORNEY TO THE PEOP'.'= OF BRUNSWICK AND T0PSHAM.5 Names of the Persons to whom Benj. Larabee Esq atty &c. sold. 1 Nathan Adams 2 John Adams 3 "William Malcome .. 4 Eobert Spear 5 "William Spear ti John iM alcome 7 John Malcome 8 Johu Gyles Bsqr 9 Jacob Eaton 10 Henry Gibbs 11 Jonathan Sayward . . 12 John Barrows 13 John Adams 14 John Barrows 15 Saml Clarke 16 David Given 17 "William Dunning. .. 18 Benjamin Thompson Quantity of acres The time when 'J"he consid- bold. sold. eration. 100 acres March 9th 1737 £25 100 " March 9th 1737 25 200 " March Rth 1737 10 200 " March 29th 1738 32 203 " April 11th 173S 26 100 " J any 16th 1737 5 100 " Jany Ifith 1737 5 100 " ' Sept 6th 1738 5 100 Topsham March 24th 1739 5 95 & 115 poles May 20th 1740 25 200 June 19th 1740 ( Quit claim aa < an heic to ( Parker. 100 July 15th 1740 25 135 July 28th 1741 25 100 Octo. 16th 1741 25 200 May 19th 1742 32 100 Nov 8 1742 16 200 May 21 St 1742 10 100 Nov 3d 1742 25 3 McKeen, MSS. Lecture. ^Pejepscot Papers. ^Ibid. * Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. ^ Extracted fiom York County Records of Deeds, etc., Jan. 9, 1749, Daniel Moul- PEJEPSGOT PBOPRIETOES. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 39 Names of the Persons to whom Benj, Lavabee Esq atty &o. sold. Quantity of acres sold. The time when sold. The consid- eration. 19 James Hervey 103 200 206 206 100 100 103 115 206 100 100 74 & 40 rods more or less being Lot No 9 at N. Meadows. 400 100 63 & 112 rods 200 200 100 Octo 24th 1741 May 28th 1739 June 23d 1742 June 23d 1742 Nov 3d 1742 May 7th 1742 May 26th 1742 Jany 12th 1740 May 19th 1742 Nov 3d 1742 Nov 28th 1737 Nov 3d 1742 April 14th 1742 April 7th 1738 Jany 10th 1740 Octo 20th 1740 May 21 1742 Feby 25 1740 £16 10 10 10 25 25 25 25 30 25 20 James McParland 21 James McFarland '. 22 James McFarland 23 John Adams 24 Charles Casedy 25 Thomas Skolfield 26 Benj Bunker 27 Eben Stan wood 28 Isaac Snow 29 Jacob Eaton 25 25 (56 Old tenor 25 25 50 30 Jacob Eaton 31 Saml Clarke Jacobs' Admr 32 Patrick Drummond 33 Benj Bunker 34 Alex Tyler 35 Saml Hinkley 36 Lemuel Gowen 50 50 £828 On July 25, 1743, William Woodside, who had lived for some time at Maquoit, received a deed from the First Church in Boston, conveyed by its deacons, of three hundred and fifty acres of land at the westernmost end of Maquoit, " beginning at mouth of Puggy- muggy River." The price paid was £50. i Although there was a considerable number of settlers in the town at this time, they must have been quite scattered ; for in 1747, according to the statement of Joshua Filbrook, there were but two houses to be seen from Fort George.® June 19, 1751, Benjamin Thompson, of Georgetown, bought of Rebecca Morely, of Dorchester, Mass., "daughter of Thomas Ste- phens, formerly of the eastward parts now called Stephens' Carrying place, or near a place called the Head of Stephens's River," etc., all her interest in her father's lands, "being one sixth part of his estate." ^ In 1752 there were, according to a map of the Plymouth Company of that date, but twenty dwelling-houses in Brunswick. For the location of these houses the reader is referred to the accompanying map, which is reduced from the original : — 1 York County Records, 26, p. 256. ■2 Journal of James Curtis in Libranj of the Maine Historical Society. 3 York County Records, 29, p. 120. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 4 1 REFERENCES TO THE EOREGOING MAP. Topsham. 1. Gowan Fulton (1749). 2. Mr. Beed. 3. Samuel Beveridge. 4. Charles Robinson. 5. William Vincent. 6. William Thorns. 7. Jacob Eaton. 8. Robert Lithgow. 9. William Malcom. 10. William Thorns, Jr. 11. liieut. Hunter. 12. Captain Willson. Brunswick. 13. Speer. 14. Meeting-house. 15. Finney. 16. James Dunning. 17. Woodside. 18. Mill. 19. Stanwood. 20. Mill. 21. Smart. 22. V. Woodside. 28. Mill. 24. Captain Minot. 25. Beverage. 26. J. Orr (1742). 27. Camp. 28. Giveen. Harpswell Neck. 29. Widow Adams. 30. McNess. 31. McGregory. 32. Willson. 33. Whelan. 34. Dyer. 35. Hays. 36. A negro. 37. Pinkham. 38. Do. 39. Widow McCraw. 40. Pinkham. 41. Webber. 42. Do. 43. Do. 44. Stover. 45. Toothaker. 46. Allen. 47. Warren. 48. Watts. 49. Mill. JBrunswick. 50. Starbord. 51. Skolfield. 62. Hall (on Sebascodegan Island). 53. Snow. 54. Mill. 65. Coombs. 56. Mills. 57. Deacon Hinkley. 58. Captain Thompson. 59. Smith. In an estate bill for this year forty-flve new names are to be found, but probably many of them are those of the children of parties who had previously settled in town, while some, undoubtedly, were of those who had purchased lots of previous settlers. Some whose names appear on this biU may have resided elsewhere. The town continued to increase in population, however, and about 1760 a number of new citizens moved in, among whom were the families of Stone, Pennell, Melcher, Harding, Weston, Gross, Curtis, and perhaps others. ^ ' McKeen, MSS. Lecture. 42 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In 1771 Robert Goddard moved into town, and Batcheldor Ring settled a little southwest of him, but also in Brunswick. The house of the latter was shortly afterwards burned, and he rebuilt a little far- ther west, and in the town of Durham. Owing to this fact, Bruns- wick lost a small portion of her territory when the line between that town and Durham was run.i A year or two later several Quakers settled in town, near the west- ern line. Some of them had previously been living in Harpswell. Among these new-comers were the families of Jones and Hacker.® The first settlers on the Topsham side of the river all left their homes before the formation of the Pejepscot Company. Between 1717 and 1722, however, thirty-three persons took up lots in Topsham, though many of them, doubtless, not fulfilling the condi- tions required by the proprietors, forfeited their claims. It appears from an entry made in 1717 by the proprietors' clerk, that the second island going out of Merrymeeting Bay into the Pejepscot River was deeded by Messrs. Minot and Watts to the Reverend Mr. Baxter of Medfield, Mass., and was thereafter to be known as Baxter's Island.^ Three years later the proprietors granted to Mr. Baxter " the Island over against Topsham of about twentythree acres," upon condition that he would build two houses on it, and settle two families there who should be able to provide their own subsistence. On July 30, 1720, the proprietors granted to Captain John Gjies the ' " First Lott of Laud in the Township of Topsham, in consideration that he build a suitable dwelhng house thereon and by himself or some meet person Inhabit the same for the space of three years," also " Five hundred and fifteen acres Ij'ing on Cathance Point opposite thereto." Gyles probably did not complj- with the conditions, as we find that in 1741, the old title to land in Topsham derived through Thomas Gyles was brought forward, and the proprietors, therefore, on July 21, of this year, "In consideration of five shillings current money of New England, to us in hand paid by John Gyles, Esq., of a place called St. Georges, in the County of York aforesaid, and in consideration of a quit claim for lands at a place called Topsham, in the County of York aforesaid, signed by said John Gyles and his brethren, baring date the 16th of August, A. D. 1727," transferred to the Gyles's " a Point of Land containing 60 acres " in Topsham, " bounded south- erly by Lott number one, easterly and Northerly by Merrymeeting 1 McKeen, MSS. Lectvre. 2 Ibid. ^Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 43 Baj-, and westerly by the entrance or mouth of Muddy river" ; also, another tract of land " lying Westerly from the former, bounded southerly by Lott Number one, westerly by Cathance Rivei', Northerly by land belonging to us, and easterly by Merrpneeting Bay and the entrance of Muddy River . . . containing 515 acres." i This latter tract of land appears to be the same as that mentioned in the former deed. On June 30, 1721, Samuel York, of Ipswich, relinquished all title to land in Topsham claimed by his father, Samuel York, deceased, by virtue of an Indian deed, etc., the proprietors granting him thi-ee hundred acres in lieu thereof. About 1731 quite a number of new settlers moved to Topsham. Some forty-three persons took up lots this 3'ear or a short time previ- ous. As manj^ of the names of these persons do not appear in subse- q,uent lists of settlers, however, it is probable that they either forfeited or sold their lojs. Between this date and 1738, some fourteen fam- ilies moved into town. The proprietors about this time especially encouraged settlements in Topsham, as that place was much behind Brunswick in the number of settlers. This was because Topsham was much more exposed to the incursions of the Indians, it having but few strong garrisons.^ [1746.] In 1746 it had only thirty-six settlers, and many of these were afterwards killed by the Indians. There are not more than ten or a dozen of these whose descendants have lived in Topsham during the present century. Some of these settlers removed and settled in the neighborhood of Boston. ^ [1749. J The population of Topsham at this time was "about twenty-five inhabitants." * Owing to the attacks of the Indians during what is known as the Spanish, or Fifth Indian war, the settlement at this place became much reduced, so that in 1750 there were but eighteen famihes remaining. 5 In 1752 the number of polls in the Topsham precinct was twenty- ei^ht. The number of dwellings at this time can be seen by reference to the map on page 40. In 1757 the population of Topsham had nearly doubled, the number of polls being at this time forty-nine.^ The whole number taxed in town in 1758 was forty-four.' 1 Pejepscot Records. ^ Pejepscot Papers. sibici ■ i Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. i Massachusetts Historical Collection, 3, p. 142. « Pejepscot Papers. t Ibid. 44 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. On November 11, 1763, the following named settlers near Cathance proposed to buj' of the proprietors the amount of meadow land affixed to their names, and agreed to pay six shillings per acre. The propri- etors, however, limited the quantity to five acres each. .This amount, it is to be presumed, they all purchased. The names and amounts, desired were as follows : — Hugh Wilson, six acres. James Potter, Jr., eight acres. James Mustard, five acres. • John Mallett, six acres. Alexander Potter, six acres. William Alexander, eight acres. Samuel Wilson, ten acres. On June 17, 1766, David Jeffries, of Boston, clerk to the Kenne- bec proprietors, and James Bowdoin, of Roxbury, Mass., a grantee of the same proprietors, deeded to John and William Potter and Gowen Fulton, all of Topsham, all of the land in Bowdoinham claimed by them under their previous deeds from the Pejepscot proprietors. ^ [1768. J At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, July 23, 1768, it was voted to allow John Merrill's claim to land bought of Henry Gibbs, iu Topsham. The quantity of land which Merrill held was four hundred acres, which was forty acres more than the amount of his claim, and he was required to account for the overplus at a meet- ing held August 5 ; however, the proprietors gave him fifty acres in consideration of £39 due him from them. A memorandum in the Pejepscot Records gives the dimensions of several log-houses built in Topsham, about 1738, as follows : " thirty feet long, eighteen feet wide and eight feet high." The earliest transfer of land in Harpswell, after the formation of the Pejepscot Companj% of which we have found any record, was in 1720. On May 20, of this year, Nicholas Cole and Samuel Little- field, of Wells, deeded to Samuel Boone, of Kingston, Rhode Island, one half of Merriconeag Neck, one half of Great Chebeag Island, and one half of Great Island, being the land formerly owned by Nicho- las Cole, Senior, and John Purrington.^ Boone is not, however, known to have settled in Harpswell. In the year 1727 several new families moved to Harpswell and settled upon the Neck. On the twenty-sixth of May of this year, Thomas Westbrook, one of the Pejepscot proprietors, deeded to 1 Original deed in our possession. 2 Pejepscot Papers. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SE2TLEMENTS UNDER TBEM. 45 Colonel Johnson Harmon, formerly of York, one twenty-fourth part of two thousand acres of land on Merriconeag Neck.i In October of the same year, Colonel Harmon leased of the Pejepscot proprietors, for seven years, " that farm or tract of land called Merri- coneage Neck in Casco Bay, and so running up to the upper carrying place including y'= whole breadth of y' s* neck." The proprietors, however,- retained the right to settle one or more families on the Neck, without opposition from Harmon.^ The- authorities of Harvard College, however, though defeated in their appeal to the legislature, as stated in the preceding chapter, had not given up their claim to the land, and in January, 1732, they insti- tuted a suit of ejectment against Harmon, in the Court of Common Pleas of the County of York. In October, 1733, a verdict was ren- dered in favor of Harmon. The plaintiffs appealed the case to the Superior Court,' which was held in 1737, and it was eventually decided again in favor of Harmon, or rather of the proprietors from whom he leased. Having been four times defeated. Harvard College made no further attempt to reoover this propert3^*' In Dec. 21, 1741, Colonel Harmon deeded all the foregoing land (excepting fifty acres which he had previously sold to John Stover) to his son, Joseph Haimon, of York, together with his dwelling- house, barn, and all other buildings and appurtenances. The price paid was £70 in bills of credit.* On May 17, 1731, Moses Gatchell leased of the Pejepscot propri- etors, for two years, the land on Merriconeag Neck, between the >Carrying-Place and the land then occupied by Colonel Harmon.* At the same date Gideon Conner, then residing on the Neck, leased of the proprietors, for two years, a tract of land having the same bounds as Gatchell's,^ and it is probable that the two men leased the land together, but each was held by a separate lease. • It is possible, however, that Conner was the " Iresh Neighbour" referred to in the following letter : — " Meeeconeag June 25, 1781. Hon* : Colo'/ sr : I am still in your posession on y* : upor end of y« neck but I have there an Iresh Neighbour which pretends to hold pos? : for mr. Porenton by a Leas under his hand as I am sr in yours by ColoV Westbrook And I hope by j-our cosent: I am Redy and will" to sarve your intrust : and desier your Counsel and asistance from time to time : and sr if you will plese to send me ^ Barrel of Molases 1 Pejepscot Papers. ^Ibid. ^Ibid. *Ibid. ^Ibid. ^Ibid. 46 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAHPSWELL. and one Sj'the you will greatlj^ oblige me : and I will indever to pay j'ou j° next faul who am yours to Cd "Moses Gatchel.''^ There had been but two houses at the upper part of Merriconeag Neck previous to 1741 , as will be seen by the following testimonj- : — " Hannah Smith Testifyeth & Saith y' she with her late Husband James Smith lived at 3" upper end of Mereconege Neck where her late Husband & her Father Moses Gatchel Built a House & lived there from June 1731 to 1735 at which Coll Westbrook told us y' if we liked any place on said Neck better we might Remove to it upon which my late Husband [Smith] & Father [G-atchel] Removed about 1^ mile loer down on s* neck & Built a House there where we lived till 1741, as Tennants to S" Westbrook & Comp^ & Built Houses in both Places & further that when her Father Gatchell Removed from the upper House on S'' neck he Lett it to Nath" Barnes who lived there 2^ years from 1736 & paid my Father Rent for the Same for S" West- brook & Comp'' the S'^ Barnes Removing away to Topsham left s* House in the Posession. of W"" McNess for y= S* Westbrook & Comp^ — and no persons whatsoever lived on the upper half of S'' Neck but my Father & My Husband & owre Familj-s while we lived there & there was no sign of any other habitation nor improve- ment but where we first lived." ^ The proprietors, notwithstanding their devotion to the interests of the settlers, were men who knew how to look out for their own phj'S- ical wants and how to enjoj^ good living. It appears that on the 8th of August, 1733, the proprietors leased to William Cady and his associates, for seven years, the " island called Sebasco Deggin," with libertj' to use and occupy it ; and they also agreed to deliver to Cadj' the frame of a house, then in the possession of Colonel Harmon, and to furnish Cady with four thousand feet of boards, and with nails suflScient for finishing the house, which Cady was to set up and finish. The proprietors reserved to themselves the right of " improving any mine or mineral," which might be discovered on the island, and also the right "to settle a fishery there," or to make other settlements there, whicTi should not, however, interfere with the improvements of Cady and his associates. Cady agreed to erect and finish, forthwith, at least one dwelling- house on the island, and occupy it before the next winter, and that before the next summer he would settle, at least, three other families 1 Pejepscot Papers. 2 75 jd. FEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 47 besides his own on the island, and keep off all intruders from settling without leave, in writing, from the proprietors, and from cutting wood or grass there. He further agreed to qlear the fresh meadows, and to clear and break up and bring to tillage and English grass as much of the land upon the island as he and Ms associates could (the proprietors finding grass-seed) , and to endeavor to raise a nursery of fruit trees and an orchard ; and as an annual rental he agreed to pay to Adam Winthrop, or his heirs in Boston, " for the use of him and the rest of the Lessors twenty good fat geese, or in failure thereof £5 per annum, in. bills of credit on this Province." i Although his name is not mentioned in this deed, there is little doubt that William Condy was one of Cadj-'s " associates," as a blank form of a deed in the Pejepscot papers mentions Condy's name in connection with that of Cady. The harbor known as " Cundy's'' was undoubtedly named for William Condy. It will be noticed that this lease reserves the right to the proprie- tors to allow other settlers on the island. And in 1737 or 1738 some twenty families were settled there. An attempt was made to re-settle the island for the purpose of building a fishing-town. Mr. Nathaniel. Donnel, of York, selected a spot which was to be divided into small lots of an acre each, for the convenience of dwelling-houses, with a convenient harbor adjacent. The project was abandoned on account of the increased hostility of the Indians. The harbor referred to was probably Condy's, as the land on the western shore of that harbor is well calculated for the site of a village.® Dec. iS, 1742, Joseph and Clement Orr, of Pemaquid, turners by trade, bought of Henry Gibbs, of Boston, a tract of land at the northerly end of Merriconeag Neck, containing one hundred and twenty-two acres. ^ The next day the}' received from the same party another tract of sixty-nine acres near the former,* and the " southeast prong " of Merriconeag Neck, containing, by estimation, two hundred acres. "^ In 1743 Richard Jaques, of North Yarmouth, bought one hundred acres of land, on Little Sebascodegin (Orr's) Island. « He is believed, therefore, to have been the first purchaser of land on this island, tho6gh tradition has it that a man by the name of FitzD-erald was the first occupant of the island. What disposition he 1 Pejepscot Papers. ^ McKeen, in Harpswell Banner. 8 York County Records, 26, ^. 201, i Ibid., ■m p., mi. 6/6iU,28,i9. 99. ^ Ibid., 25, p. Ii2. 48 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND EARFSWELL. made of this property is unknown, but the whole island afterwards came into the possession of Honorable "William Taller, of Dorchester, Mass., and of Honorat^e Elisha Cook, of Boston, whose heirs sold it in 1748 to Joseph Orr.i Joseph Orr had previously been living on Merriconeag Neck, but after he purchased the island he, with his brother Clement and sons, moved on to it and erected a garrison- house. The island has since gone by his name. In his purchase of half of the island from the heirs of William Tailer, Orr did not secure the signature to his deed of one of the daughters, the wife of Eeverend Matthew Byles, of Boston, who accordingly put in her claim to a share. In consequence of this claim, on July 22, 1760, Orr set off and released to her one tenth part of the island, and received a quitclaim of the remainder. ^ On October 16th of this year, Joseph Orr deeded the whole of his property on this island to his brother Clement as a life estate, and to his heirs after him. In case of the death of Clement's heirs it was to revert to the heirs of Joseph. ^ In 1755 there were on Sebascodegan Island, sixteen persons, and on Merriconeag Neck, six persons, who, living north of the Yar- mouth line, were taxed in Bwinswick. The number of settlers in these three towns, during the first half of the last century, is so large as to prevent a mention of their names in this connection, and a list of these settlers is therefore given in the Appendix. The doings of the proprietors, which are not given in this, will be found in their appropriate connection in other chapters. • York County Records, 35, pp. 31, 32. 2 rbid.,p. 232. 3 Original deed, in possession of S. Purinton. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1760. 49 CHAPTER IV. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1673-1760. In the earliest years of the Pejepscot settlement the whites were few in number, and although thej- oftentimes, doubtless, excited the jealousy and even the personal animosity of the natives, still, on the whole, they conducted themselves with sufficient caution to prevent any outbreak. For a few years previous to 1675 the ill-feeling and jealousy on the part of the Indians had been increasing and was par- ticularly directed against Thomas Purchase, who was thought by them to have charged unfair prices, and otherwise to have overreached them in trade. The custom of the English at this time was, as is said by an early writer, " first to make them [the Indians], or suffer them to make themselves, drunk with liquors, and then to trade with them, when they may easily be cheated both in what they bring to trade, and in the liquor itself, being one half or more nothing but spring water, which made one of the Androscoggin Indians once com- plain that he had given an hundred pound for water drawn out of Mr. P. his well." i KING PHILIP'S WAR. 1675-1678. The animosity of the natives culminated in an outbreak in 1675. The war commenced in the Pljmouth Colonj^, June 24, 1675. By vSeptember the fourth or fifth, hostiHties commenced at Pejepscot. On that day, a party of about twenty Indians went to Purchase's house and pretended to his wife that they wished to trade. Discover- ing, however, that her husband and son were both absent, thej* gave up all further disguise, and proceeded to rob the house. They took what weapons, powder, and liquor t\\e,y could find, ripped up the feather- beds for the sake of the ticking, killed a calf and several slieep, and proceeded to make merry. Purchase's son returned home while this was going on, and being discovered by the partj', was obliged to ^ Drake, Iluibard's Indian Wars, p. 256. 50 mSIORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. flee for his life. He was fcillowed for some distance \>j an Indian with a gun, hut succeeded in making good his escape. The party offered no -violence to any one in the house, but told them that " others would soon come and treat them worse." Some few days later, a party of twenty-five settlers, having collected for the purpose, went in a sloop and two boats to the New Meadows River, near to the house of Mr. Purchase, to gather and secure the growing crops, and also to recon- noitre. Here they found a number of Indians pillaging the neighbor- ing houses. In attempting to get between the Indians and the woods, they came upon three of their spies. One of these, attempting to reach the river, they shot. The second was wounded, but escaped across a stream to a canoe. The third escaped and gave the alarm. The Indians, however, remained concealed until the corn was all gath- ered and the boats loaded, when they suddenly gave their war-whoop, rushed upon them, wounded several, and carried off the boat-loads of corn in triumph. i Some time the next year Purchase's house was burned and he was compelled to leave. ^ The war now having fairly opened, the settlers were all obliged to flee, and the Indians, emboldened by their success, " sought trophies for the tomahawk and scalping-knife in every direction, at the door of everjr plantation" throughout the Province of Maine. The Androscoggin Indians were the most active of all the tribes, and it was thought, in 1676, that if a treaty could be effected with them there would be a general peace with the Eastern tribes. 3 This could not be accomplished this year, however, and so the General Court, in 1677, ordered Majors Waldron and Frost, with one hundred and fifty men, sixty of whom were Natick Indians, to the Kennebec, with instructions "to subdue the Indians in those parts, and deliver the English captives detained in their hands." The force landed at Hair Point, Feb. 18, 1677. They were imme- diately hailed by an Indian party, among whom were Squando and Simon, " the Yankee-killer." After some preliminary questions, Waldron inquired of Simon whether they desired peace. The latter answered, "Yes, and we sent Mugg to Boston for that purpose; he told us you 'd be here." Upon being asked if they would release their English captives, Squando replied, " I will bring them in the afternoon." Nothing further was seen of them, however, until the 1 Williamson; History of Maine, 1, p. 520 et seq. ^ Maine Historical Colhction, 3, p. 315. >^ Drake, Book of Indians, 3, p. lOi. PERIOD OF THE lAVIAA' WAES, 1675-1760. 51 next day at noon, when fourteen canoes were seen up the hay, pulling for the shore, and soon a house was seen in flames, and the Indians appeared and challenged Waldron's soldiers to fight. Major Frost then attacked them and killed and wounded several. Another parley was then held. On being asked why they had not brought their captives, as they had agreed to do, and why they had fired the house and chal- lenged the soldiers, the Indians replied, through their interpreter, that " the captives were a great way off, and that the snow and cold weather had prevented their coming, that the house took fire by acci- dent, and that the soldiers fired at the Indians first." Major Waldron, finding himself unable to recover the captives or to fight the Indians with advantage, sailed for the Sagadahock.i This was the last engagement of this war that occurred in this vicinity, though peace was not declared until April 12, 1678. Al- though in the first three months alone of this war, eighty persons were slain between the Piscataqua and the Kennebec, it is not known that any of the settlers in the Pejepscot tract were killed. KING WILLIAM'S WAR. 1688-1699. The peace concluded with the Indians iu 1678 lasted just ten years, when, from various causes, they becaihe excited and again took the war-path. Governor Andros was at first inclined to adopt pacifica- tory measures, but at last, finding war inevitable, he took the opposite course, and in November, 1688, he made an expedition into the Eastern country, as it was then called, and established garrisons. At the time of his visit to Pejepscot, '• the weather was exceedingly cold, the snow deep, and the travelling exceedingly tedious." While here he caused a fort to be erected under the charge of Anthony Brockhold, one of his counsel, ^ and garrisoned it with a part of his armj-.^ This fort stood on what is now Maine Street, a few rods south of Bow Street, and about where the store of J. T. Adams & Co. is now. The first attack in this vicinity was in the spring of 1690, when the fort was taken by the savages. In September, Colonel Benjamin Church was sent from Massachusetts with between three hundred and four hundred men, to drive them off from Brunswick and other places in this region, and, if possible, recover their captives. He landed his force at Maquoit, Sept. 13, and marched them by night towards Fort Andros. They surrounded the fort, but at daj' break it was discov- ered that the enemy had left shortly before their arrival. The soldiers 1 Williamson, History of Maine, 1, pp. 545, 546. ^McKeen, MSS. Lecture. ^ Williamson, IJistory of Maine, 1, p. 690. 52 mSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. found some plunder and a barn of corn. They left the same day for an Indian fort on the Androscoggin. After capturing the latter and releasing several prisoners, they returned to Maquoit, went aboard their vessels, and sailed for Winter Harbor. i Church had no conflict with the Indians at Brunswick as stated by Cotton Mather, the contest referred to having occurred at Cape Elizabeth.2 In September, 1691, Captains King, Sherburne, March, and Wal- ton landed, with their several companies of Massachusetts militia, at Maquoit and visited Fort Andros, expecting to find some Indians there. They found none, however, and accordingly returned imme- diately to Maquoit. While re-embarking, they were assaulted by a strong force of Indians who had been watching them. In this skirmish Captain Sherburne, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was killed. ^ The war lasted some eight years longer, but there was no further skirmishing in this vicinity. Probably the settlers had all left. A conference between the commissioners from Massachusetts and the sagamores of the Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, and Saco tribes was held at Mair Point, and a previous treaty of peace, which had been made at Pemaquid, Aug. 11, 1693, was ratified between them on Jan. 7, 1699. This treaty quieted the fears of the settlers and encour- aged those who were engaged in the resettlement of Maine. QUEEN AJSTNE'S WAR. 1703-1713. Peace with the Indians lasted only about four years. In 1703 the third Indian war commenced. Although during this war engagements and skirmishes were quite frequent in the vicinitj' and to tiie westward of Falmouth, there is no evidence that there was any contest in this vicinity. The statement made by tlie late John McKeen,* that there was an attempt to undermine the fort here, in 1702, by a Frenchman named Bobazier and five hundred Indians, is an error. The fort referred to was at Casco, the present cit}' of Portland. ^ In 1704 some companies from Massachusetts and New Hampshire went East, " Indian hunting," as it was termed, and one Peter Rogers, of Newbury, stated that he came to Pejepscot in a company of some twentj' or thirty. That it was in the winter time, and that they trav- ^ Dexter, " Church' s Expeditions against the Eastern Indians," pp. 50 to 56. 2 McKeen, Manuscript Lecture. 8 Williamson, History of Maine, 1, p. (i28. * Pejepscot Papers McKeen, MSS. Lecture. 6 Penhallow, p. 20. Willis's History of Portland, p. 31 5. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-17G0. 53 elled with suow-shoes from there to Rocamoco,i or Jay Point, now Canton. No mention is made of his meeting with either settlers or savages. LOVEWELL'S WAR. 1722-1725. Although during Queen Anne's war there is not known to ha.\e been any conflict in this vicinity, yet the whole Province was in such a disturbed state on account of the Indian troubles that the Pejepscot proprietors, in 1715, felt it necessary to oflfer the following. Encoukagemehts to Enlist. " "VTee the Subscribers Proprietors of the Lands in Brunswick & Topsham, do offer the following encouragements to such as shall Volun- tarily enlist themselves as Souldiers to garrison the Fort at Brunswick. " 1 That inlmediately upon their enlistment, they shall enter into Pay & Subsistence. "2. That the Military Service expected from them at present is like to be so small as to permit them, besides their wages, to earn money by Labour. "3. That during the time of the Forts Repair, we will employ them all as Labourers, (except the Warders), & pay Two Shillings a day for evgry day they work. " 4. That afterwards we will endeavour to find employment for them, by splitting staves, shingles or clapboards or anj- other Service that may prove beneflciall to us & them. "5. That when they have served six months as Souldiers if they desire to become Inhabitants, we will endeavour to obtain a General • Order from His Ex'j-the Govern'' to release them, they finding another man in their room, & when so dismist they shall have One hundred -Acres of Land granted to each of them equall with the other Inhabi- tants & on the same Terms & conditions with them. "6. If they don't see cause to settle there, when they have served twelve months, we will use our endeavour to obtain His Ex'^^ Favour to get them discharged, which we hope we shall be able to acco^nplish. " Approved hy the Governour & Signed by several of the Proprietors. "Boston, Aug. 3cl, 1715." The proprietors, at a meeting held the thirtieth of the same month, voted to provide a free passage in a sloop to Brunswick and Tops- ham to the enKsted soldiers. ' McKeen, Marmscript Lecture. 54 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, ANV HARPSWELL. The fourth Indian, called the Three Years' or Lovewell's War, com- menced in this vicinity, June 13, 1722, by a party of sixty Indians in twenty canoes appearing at Merrymeeting Baj-, on the north side, perhaps near Pleasant Point or Fulton's Point. They captured nine entire families, but released all except five men, — Hamilton, Hanson, Trescott, Love, and Edgar, — whom they detained as hostages for the safe return of the four Indians in the hands of the English at Boston. i In June or Jnly of this year, they made an attacls upon the settle- ment at Brunswick, which they set fire to and entirely destroyed. Several citizens were also taken prisoners. Mr. David Dunning and another soldier were on the plains at the time, and when about where the First Parish Meeting-House now is, their attention was arrested by an unusual noise. They looked among the bushes, and discovered a large number of Indians about the house of Thomas . Tregoweth, and just moving away towards the fort. Mr. Dunning went to his home at Maquoit, but the soldier ran towards the fort, giving the alarm as he went. He was fired at, but escaped. Some of the citi- zens who were captured were cruelh' murdered, and the houses were rifled and burned. In regard to the fate of Thomas Tregoweth nothing is definitelj- known. ^ After their work of destruction was accomplished the Indians re- paired to a dwelling on Fish-House HilP for purposes of revelry. Thej' were soon dislodged, however, put to flight, and the house par- tially destroyed hy a chain-shot from the cannon in the fort. This fort was not Fort Andros, but a stone fort named Fort George, which was built in 1715 by the Pejepscot proprietors, and which stood quite near the «ite of the former. The Indians took their boats and went with their captives to Pleasant Point. Captain G-yles sent Samuel Eaton, with a letter done up in his hair and covered with an eel-skin, to let Colonel John Harmon, who was stationed at Arrowsick, know of the attack, and that the Indians were on their way to Pleasant Point.* Harmon, discovering the village to be on fire, concluded that the Indians had made an attack upon it, and at once, before the message from the fort had reached him, manned two whale-boats, and, accompanied by Major Moodj', proceeded with muffled oars up the river. It was night when he entered Merrymeeting Bay. Perceiving the fires of the Indians upon Pleasant Point, he carefully approached and noiselessly landed. 1 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, p. 114. ^McKeen, Mi>S. Lecture. 8 (In Water Street, near the present residence of Miss Narcissa Stone. *ilcKeen, Manuscript Lecture. PERIOD OF THK INDIAN WARS, lfi75-1760. 55 Ascending the banks, he found a large number of Indians lying before their fires, all sleeping very soundly, being much fatigued by the labors of the day and their subsequent revelry. His men imme- diately arranged themselves, fired into them, and killed sixteen or eighteen, and took some prisoners, though some, doubtless, escaped. A few of the Indians, who were some little distance off, alarmed by the report of fire-arms, fired at them, but without doing any harm". Harmon, on his return to his boats, found the body of Moses Eaton, of Salisbury, Mass., whom the Indians had first tortured by depriv- ing him of his tongue and cutting off his arms and legs, and had then killed. As no one of the party was shot at the time of the attack, Eaton must have been taken captive while separated from his comrades. His body was buried near the spot.i An account of this affair has been preserved in doggerel rhyme Harmon is represented ou the bank of the river, watching the Indians sleeping before their fires. It is introduced here as a specimen of the literature of the times : — " Oh, the sweet and pleasant morning While we around them stood, But oh ! the dreadful and grievous groaning, Englishmen lying in their blood. ' Come,' said valiant Colonel Harmon, ' This, their neglect, is our gain ; Therefore let us fall upon them, — Our cause is good we will maintain.' Then on them we flred two volleys. And, with haste, we made away. For fear the Indians would surround us, And we should not get away. Some did say that we did kill thirty. Others say that we did kill more ; The number to us is uncertain, I believe we hardly killed a score." ^ This attack upon the settlement at Brunswick is supposed to have been specially in retaliation for that upon Norridgewock, the preced- ing 3'ear, by Colonel Westbrook.^ Earlj' in August, 1724, "Captains Harmon, Moulton, Brown, and Bean were now preparing for Norridgewock, with two hundred men 1 Williamson, History of Maine, 2,p 116 According to McKeen {Pejepscot Papers), Moses Eaton vias son of Hamuel Eaton, of Brunswick, who then lived aboitt where the Bovjdoin Hotel is now. 2 Pejepscot Papers. ^ Maine Historical Collections, S, p. 311. 56 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND SARPSWELL. in seventeen whale-boats. After they landed at Triconnick, they met with Bomazeen at Branswick (who had slain an Englishman some days before), whom they shot in the river, as he attempted to make an escape. They afterwards killed his daughter, and took his wife cap- tive ; who gave an account of the state of the enemy, which encour- aged them to march on i brisklj'." No further fighting is known to have occurred in this vicinitj' until 1725. On April 13th of that j-ear two Indians captured a man belonging to the garrison at Maquoit, named James Cochran, about eighteen j'ears of age. He was on the marshes in pursuit of fowl when he was surprised bj- the two Indians. He was pinioned, taken to the carrj'ing-place, put in a canoe, and carried up to the Ten-Mile Falls. There the Indians made their arrangements for the night. A fire was made and supper prepared. Cochran expected all this time that he would be killed when the savages met some of their companions, and determined, in consequence, to make his escape, if possible. The sec- ond night his bonds were removed, and he was placed between the two Indians to sleep. Each of the savages slept with his hatchet under his head and his gun by his side. Cochran feigned sleep, while in reality he watched every movem( nt. As soon as he found his captors asleep he rose up. This movement awakened one of them, who, seeing their prisoner apparentlj' suffering from cold and endeavor- ing to warm himself, went to sleep again. When all was again quiet, Cochran took the hatchet from under the head of the one who had waked, and killed him instantl3^ He killed the other as he was get- ting up. He then scalped them both, took their guns and hatchets, and went down the river in great haste, fearing lest he should meet their companions. In fording a river on the waj% he lost a gun and one of the scalps. When he arrived opposite the fort, he shouted, and a boat was sent across for him. He narrated his adventure to Cap- tain Gyles, and some men were sent up the river, who found the bodies of the dead Indians, and also their canoe which they brought back.^ He was both rewarded for his braverj' and promoted in his rank. At this time, Captain John Gyles was in command of the fort, which was crowded with the inhabitants who had gone to it for safet}'. This war was closed bj- the ratification of a treaty between the Indians and commissioners on behalf of the government, August 6, 1726. ij. e., to Norrldgewock. Penhallow's Indian Warx, p. 102. Query: Bomazeen Island is east of Gurnet Bridcjc. May not Bomazeen have been killed there and the name applied to the island in consequence ? — Eds. ^McKeen, MSS, Lecture. Penhallow's Indian Wars, p. 109. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARiS, 1675-I7fiO. 57 SPANISH OR FIFTH INDIAN WAE. 1745-1749. The fiftli war with the Indians grew out of the war between Great Britain, France, and Spain, which commenced about 1739, althongh the formal declaration of it was not made until June, 1744. In anti- cipation of this war, and in expectation that the Indians would take part in it, the forts along the coast were put in order and garrisoned. In 1740 the commanding officer of Fort George was furnished with a quantity of goods, of suitable kinds, sufficient to supply the Indians who commonly resorted there. This was done to attach them to the interests of the government, i So much reliance was placed upon this method of dealing with the Indians, that in 1742 the government refused to strengthen it at all,^ and in 1 743 only six men were sent to this fort. In 1744 block houses were built in Brunswick and Tops- ham, "all of massive timber,'' and a regiment, consisting of 1,290 men, was organized and placed under the command of Colonel Sam- uel Waldo, of Falmouth. The proportion of Brunswick and Topsham men in this regiment was fifty. Another regiment was also organized, from the towns west of Falmouth, under the command of Colonel William Pepperell, of Kittery. These soldiers were all, however, dis- charged December 2d, except one hundred men from the latter regi- ment, who were formed into eight guards and stationed between Ber- wick and St. George. Fourteen men scouted from Xew Marblehead to Brunswick, and ten from Topsham to Richmond fort. There was a block house with a companj' of soldiers at Maquoit, under command of Captain William Woodside. There were also storehouses and other buildings there. ^ In 1745 a call was made for men to serve in the expedition to Louisbnrg. This expedition was very popular in this vicinity, and man3- persons enlisted, including some of the principal and most promising joung men in each of the towns. From twentj- -five to thirt3' men went from Branswiuk, as many more from Harpswell, and a number from Topsham. It is said that in Brunswick a A&y of fast- ing and prayer was held before anj^ soldiers enlisted, so unwilling were the people to allow their own capability of defence against the Indians to be weakened. The Harpswell forces were commanded b}^ Richard Jaques, the same who shot Sebastian Rale at Norridgewock. During the continuance of the Louisbnrg campaign, the settlers were continually alarmed for their own safety, and were calling npon the government to send a military force hither from the West. The i- Massachusetts Records, 1740, p 481. ^Ibid., 1742, p. 416. OMcKeen. 58 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. glad tidings that Louisburg was reduced was received witli great joj^ and the return of the volunteers, who nearlj' all came back, was hailed with the utmost enthusiasm. ^ The first outbreak of the Indians in this war occurred at Saint George and Damariscotta, Julj- 19, 1745.^ July 30 of this year, a man and a boy, at Topsham, were surprised by the Indians, who knocked them down and beat them with clubs. The man was killed and the boy was scalped and left for dead.^ About this same time, a mounted man and his horse were shot at New Meadows.^ This was not, however, the first blood shed in this vicinity, as three j-ears previously Alexander McFarland was killed by the Indians while crossing the Androscoggin River. This was, however, an iso- lated case and may have been due to personal animosity. About the time of the Topsham and New Meadows massacres, Captain Mochus was scouting ^ with his company between Brunswick and Falmouth, and Captain John Gatchell was scouting north of Brunswick. The following is a copy of the Journal of the latter : — " 1747/8 Journal of a Mabch ve the Kenneeeok Kiveb by Capt. John Maboh Gatohbll of Bbonswiok. " 7 Mett this day at Brunswick took allowance of Provision & ammunition but no Rum marcht 6 mile & lodged at Topsham. ''8 Marcht across Merrj'meeting Bay 8 Mile & then up Kennebeck River 4 mile to Richmond Fort & bought some Rum to carrj' with us then lay down & slept. " 9 Took M"- Call to pilott us to a pond Marcht N. N. West ab' 12 Mile & came to a pond about 4 mile long hardly a mile wide the Pond laj's N. E. & S. W. a River came & went out both at one end of y" pond, went up the River that came into y° pond a mile & campt, sent out 2 men about a mile round then sett out our Sentrys & lay down & slept. " 10 Marcht up said River 3 mile abt N. W., went one mile N. E. then one mile N by E & came to a small pond about a mile & half long & half a mile wide — Went still by y' River 2 mile N W. then went N. 2 mile & came to a pair of Falls that had an Indian Ware made w"* stones to catch fish — went up the River 6 mile about N & 1 Pejepscot Papers. McKeen, MSS. Lecture. 2 Williamson, History of Maine, 2. pp. 215 to 236. ' Drake, French and Indian Wars, p. 80. If this lad was Thomas Thorn, he after- wards recovered, — Eds. * Smith's Journal, p.iO. 6 Massachusetts Records, 1745, p. 40. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS. 1675-1760. 59 came to a large Pond, went 2 mile on the Pond & campt on an Island Sent out 3 men 2 mile round, sett out our Sentrys & then lay down & slept. 1 "11 Marcht across j' pond 3 mile N. by E. this pond is about 10 or 12 mile long & about 2 or 3 mile wide & has near 20 Islands in it — it lays N. E. & S. W. Went four mile N. by E. & came to a pond about 3 mile long & half a mile wide & trackt some Moose Went N 2 mile & came to a meadow, Went 4 mile N & came to a long meadow then marcht about 4 mile N by W & campt Sent out 2 men that went 2 mile round, sett out our Sentrys then lay Down & slept. "12 Went up a high hill & sent a man up a tree that he see a pond about five mile off, it bore from us E. N. E. went 3 mile N & came to a pond & a Small River that run N. E. We went N E 2 mile on said River & came to a large pond, it appeared to be 4 mile to y' South End of y'' pond, we went N. up y° pond 6 mile & came to a narrow place & a small Island in y' narrows N N E up to y° head of the pond ab' 5 mile then went into y* woods N. a mile & camp', sent out 3 men about 2 mile round then lay down & slept — it snowed — "13 Rise This Morning, it being Sabbath day & the Trees very full of Snow we Marcht none only sent some men out on Discovery, they went about 4 mile to a high mountain & went up & see a pond that appeared to be very large it lay east from our Camp, & they see another pond y' lay North from j-' large pond, it appeared to be about 4 or 5 mile long thej' returned to y" Camp and at night we sett out our Sentry, then lay down & slept. •'14 Marcht this morning ab' 2 mile & came to that large pond that we see a Sabbath day, this pond appeared to be about 15 mile long & about 4 mile wide & lay N° & S°, it has about 28 Islands in it went about 12 mile South down y" pond then went into the woods S. W. & came to a Small River that vented out of that long pond that we went up on Saturday, Went down y° small River about three mile South & came to a pair of Falls that had 3 Indian Wares made w'' stones went still down y" River it run to y" eastward 4 mile & campt, sett out our Sentrys lay down & slept. " 15 Went down y' River 5 mile & crost y° River on y' Ice the River run Easterly went down the River 6 mile & came to another ■large pond ^ ab' 10 mile long & 2 mile wide it lay iST. E. & S W', we crost y'' pond at y' S W' end then March' S W 8 mile & came to Ken- 1 Thes,! ponds appear to be the Winthrop chain. ^Snow's Pond in Sidney. 60 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. nebeck Eiver, went down y= River a mile & Campt sett out our Sen- trys, and lay down & slept. i "16 It snowed but we went down the River in y» Storm 8 mile & came to where y° Tide flows,^ went still down y^ River 20 mile & came to Richmond Fort lay Down & slept. "17 Marcht down said River to Merrymeeting Bay & some of the Men gott home. " 18 this day the Remainder of our Men gott home. signed "Jonathan Philbeook, C^erfc."^ April 23, 1747, Smith writes in his journal, " A scout of men are now out from North Yarmouth, another going out from Purpooduc. We are in the most distressed circumstances, Swarms of Indians being about the Frontier, and no soldiers save Captain Jordan's com- pany of fifty men, thirty of whom have been for some time at Tops- ham guarding the government timber." jjv May 5, of this year, the Indians shof^r. Seth Hinkley, near the garrison of Joseph Smith and Tobias Ham, at New Meadows. They were tanners, and Hinkley had been there to get a strap for a cow- bell.* The following letter, from Isaac Hinklej^, gives a rather more detailed account : — ^ " BKtrNSAViCK, May ye 6, 1747. " LovEiNG Brother and Sister. " I hope that these few lines will find you in good health as we that are alive through the tender mercj's of God. "God has taken away bj^ his providence our brother Seth by the Indians May y" 5 daj'. thay kiled him about 8 o'clock in the four- noon and scalped him and stript of all his does save only his briches and stockens. thaj^ carid away his gon. thare was three men gest back behind a hill in a swamp near a gainst him when he was kiled and tha}- heard the gons when the Indians Sard at him and one of them said thay have shot sombodj' and presently after heard a Larm at Smiths and then thaj' ran out to Smiths and when thay came thare thay said that Seth was kiled and thay went whare thay heard the gons and found him Liing in the path thay shot about 33 fete at him. The night before the Indians ambush Mr. Ham. 11 of us went to see if we culd find them but we culd not find them, one our and ahalf after thaj- ware sen to go over merremeting bay into Cathance river. ^ Below Watennlle. ^Auifusta, ^ Pejepscot Papers. ^ McKeen, MSS. Lecture. 6 Copied from the original in possession of H. W. Bryant, Esq., Portland. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1760. 61 " The Lord has maid a breach upon tis and by lairing away our brother from us the Lord has be reved father and mother of thare son and us of our brother, yeat thaey and we must say with Job the Lord gaive and the Lord hath taken away Blessed be the name of the Lord. '• Sister reliance is brought abaed and has lost hur child but she is like to do weal but she has bin near to the gates of death but through the tender mearcies of God she is like to do well. " So I remain your loving brother " Isaac Hinkley. l^To Me. Samuel Scammon Saco."i Four days subsequently the Indians fired upon a canoe, containing four persons, as it was coming up through the narrows below Cow Island. The boat contained Mr. and Mrs. Moffltt, William Potter, and William Thorn, a soldier in Topsham, under Captain William Burns. Moffltt and Potter were killed. Thorn had his arm shot off. Mrs. Moffltt succeeded, with some assistance from Thorn, in paddling the canoe to the Brunswick side of the ri\er, and thus enabled them both to escape.^ Thorn asked for aid from the General Court, and on May 31, 1748, twelve pounds were allowed him. August 19th a man was wounded somewhere in Brunswick, and a boy taken prisoner. In the earlj' part of September four men were killed and scalped in a corn-field, in Topsham, only about twenty rods from the garrison, by twelve Indians. Probablj' one of these was Richard Grain, said to have been killed August 27th. One of the men had seven bullets shot through his bod}-.^ In the same magazine from which the above extracts were taken occurs the following account : — " Boston, Nov. 16. " We are informed by Capt Woodside, that on the fifth Instant towards Evening, a Lad about 16 Years old, going out of Brunswick Fort at the Eastward, saw eleven Men dressed with Coats and Hats coming towards him, which he took for Englishmen, till they came up to him, when he found them to be Indians, one of which seized him as his Prisoner, which the Lads Father observing from the Fort, dis- charged his Gun (loaded with Swan-Shot) at the Indian and wounded him, upon which he immediately quitted the Lad, who ran towards the Fort, but was unfortunately shot down by the other Indians. The (-- 1 Hcammon married Mehitable HinJdey. / 7 5 O -^ 2 Williamson, Smith, McKeen, et als. Massachusetts Records. Vol. 73, pp. 163, 164. » Historical Magazine, Vols. 9 and 10. Extracts from New York Gazette, doted Sept. 14, 1747. 62 mSTOSY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. People of the Garrison got the Lad into the Fort alive, but he died of his Wounds soon after : He said the Indian that took him was mor- tally wounded by his Father's Shot, one of which struck him (the Boy) in the Ball of his Hand." In 1748 the Indians made their appearance rather earlier than usual, — on the last of April. A company of soldiers kept open communi- cation between Fort George and Maquoit. They were, however, fre- quently anno3^ed by the Indians, who lay in ambush. On their first appearance this spring, a number of them hid in the bushes on the west side of Mair Brook and fired npon. Captain Burns as he was cross- ing the brook with a file of men. They killed him and a Mr. Bragg, and captured a Mr. Werburn, whom they took to Canada. A daj- or two afterwards a boy of Doctor Spear's was watering a horse at a well near the house, when he was fired at, and he and the horse were both killed. 1 May 3d of this same year. Captain Burnell and one other were killed at Brunswick, and on another occasion Lieutenant Mackburn was killed at the place called " Spawell." ^ Although during the winter of 1748 there were some prospects of a peace, and the Indians were comparatively quiet, yet troops were kept in service for the defence of the Eastern inhabitants, and twelve men were left to garrison Fort George. A ti-eaty of peace was concluded October 16, 1749. Although the war was now declared at an end, yet the Indians had been too much excited to remain perfectly quiet, and fresh outbreaks and massacres occasionally occureed. Early in the year 1 750 a woman on the old ' ' Skipper Malcom " place in Topsham had died. She was to have been buried one after- noon in March, and a new grave was dug. At the time appointed the house was filled with neighbors. The burial services had closed, and the procession formed for the march to the grave, when a snow- squall came up and prevented the burial, which was deferred until the next day. The storm was the severest that had been known for man3' years, and lasted four days. No intei'ment could take place until the fifth day. Some three j-ears afterwards it was ascertained that a large partj' of Indians, who had been making an unsuccessful fpraj' upon the settlements around Yarmouth, were making their waj- north, toward the Chaudiere River, when they learned, from a prisoner whom they had captured at Flying Point, that a funeral was to take place on 1 Smith's Journal, p. 1.33. 2 upawell was near Mair Brook. P^epscot Papers. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1075-1760. 63 the afternoon of the next day, at the gravej-ard near the upper part of Merrymeeting Baj'. They resolved to ambush the procession and massacre the whole settlement at one blow. They waited for the fu- neral procession the whole afternoon and the first night. Th^ storm saved the settlers, but nearly destroyed the Indians, who suffered severely. 1 In July, 1751, the Indians came upon a party of seven settlers who were getting in their haj* at New Meadows. These men were at work on the side of the hill north of the railroad at Harding's Station, on the farm now occupied bj- Mr. Chapin Weston. The Indians, discovering that the party were some •wa.j from their guns, ran and cut off their retreat. This party of farmers consisted of Edmund, Isaac, and Gideon Hinkle^- ; Deacon Samuel Whitnej' and his son Samuel, who was onlj- a boy ; Hezekiah Purington and Samuel Lumbers. Isaac Hinkley was killed while attempting to escape. He fell in the gully at the lower part of the field, south of the railroad track, and his body was not found until the next spring. The rest wei-e all taken prisoners and carried to Canada, where they suffered mauj- hard- ships. The_y were afterwards exchanged and returned home. The govern- ment provided for their families during their captivity. ^ The following memorial to the General Court, of one of the captives, will be read with interest in this connection : — "To THE HoN""^" Spencer Phips, Esq Lt. Gov" & Commander in Chief FOR THE Time being. The Hon""-" His Majestys Counciix & House OF Eepresentaitves in General Court December 4, 1751. The Memorial of Samuel "Whitkey of B^rNSWicK Humbly Sheweth " That jour Memorialist & his Son Samuel, with five more of the Inhabitants, While at work together mowing their Hay, on Wednes- day y^ 24 day of Jnly last about two o'clock in the afternoon were sur- rounded & surprised by nineteen Indians & one. Frenchman, who were all armed, & in an hostile manner did seize upon & by Force of Arms, obliged them to submitt their Lives into their hands, and one of our said number, viz. Isaac Hinckley in attempting to make his escape was killed in a barbarous Manner & Scalped. After we were secured 1 The foregoing tradition is from the diary of the late James McKeen, M. D., of Tops ham. 2 Pejepscot Papers. 64 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. by said Indians, they destroyed and wounded between 20 & 30 bead of Cattle belonging to y" Inhabitants, some of which were the prop- erty of your Memorialist. The said party of Indians were nine of them of NorVidgewalk Tribe, one of whom was well known, the other were Canada Indians. That the Norridgewalk Indians appeared more for- ward for killing all the Captives but were prevented by the other Indians. " Your memorialist was by them Carried to Canada & there sold for 126 Livres — And the said Indians when they came to Canada were new cloathed & had New Guns given them with plenty of Provisions as an encouragement for this exploit. That the Gov of the Penobscot Tribe was present when your memorialist was sent for to sing a Chorus, as is their custom of using their captives. & manifested equal Joj- w*" the other Indians, that took them. And the Norridgewalk Tribe had removed from Norridgewalk & were now sett down on Canada River near Quebec, supposed to be drawn there by the Influence of the French. These things your memorialist canuott omitt observing to y' Honours, and his Redemption was purchased by one Mr. Peter Lit- tlefleld formerly taken a captive & now resident among them, to whom j-our memorialist stands indebted for said 126 Livres being the price of his Liberty, which when he had so far obtained, he applied to y"' Govern'' of Canada for a Pass, who readily granted it, that his Return to Boston was bj- way of Louisbourgh, when said Pass was taken from him by the lord Intendant, on some Pretence which he could not obtain of him again. " Your memorialists son yet remaining in Captivitj' among the In- dians with three more that were taken at y" same time, and he has a wife and 8 children under difficult circumstances by reason of this mis- fortune. " Your memorialist having thus represented his unhappy sufferings to this Hon'''' Court humbly recommends his Case to the Compassion of this Hon*"'' Court hoping they will in their great Goodness provide for y° Redemption of his Son & enable him to answer his obligation to said Mr. Littlefield, who was so kind to paj- for his Ransom. Your memorialist being in no Capacity to answer that Charge as thereby he is reduced to great poverty otherwise grant him that Relief as in their Wisdom & Goodness shall seem best — '• Your memoriahst as in duty bound shall ever pray &c " Samuel VViiitney." On the back of this paper is the following indorsement : — PEKIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1673-1760. 65 " 1751. Captives Taken. " Hez. Purinston ) , , Sam'UWhrtney r'"*"™''^- Erlm* Hinkley Gideon Hinkley Samuel Lombard Samuel Whitnej- Jun'' returned. Isaac Hinkley killed. "July 24tli 17.il." I There is a tradition that the friends of young Hinklej^, supposing that he was carried off by the Indians, did not search for him. Early in the spring of the following year, it was noticed that a dog, which had belonged to Hinkley, went everj' day to the gully where he fell. The dog was followed and the remains were thus discovered, but they had been so long exposed to the weatlier and to the ravages of wild beasts that they were in such a condition as to be unrecognizable by dress or features, and it was onlj' by a peculiar string found in one of the shoes that the remains were identified. FRENCH, OR SIXTH INDIAN WAR. 1754-1760. When the last of the series of Indian wars commenced, in 1754, the government of Massachusetts deemed it unnecessar}"^ to retain P'ort George any longer, but voted the sum of £470 towards building a fort at the Ten-Mile Falls instead, and for other military purposes.^ This action, so far as the fort was concerned, was premature. Early this year, Adam Hunter, of Topsham, received a commission as captain, with authoritj' to raise an independent company. The fol- lowing is a copy of the commission : — " prorixcs of tbe massachusetts bay. "William Shirley Esq., Captain-gbneral and Governok-in-chief [l. 8.] in & over his Majesty's Province of y« Massachusetts Bay IN New England &c. "To Adam Huntee, Gentleman, Greeting: " By virtue of y" power & authority, in & by his Majesty's Eoyal Commission to me granted to be Captain General, &c. , over this his Majesty's Province of y* Massachusetts Bay aforesaid ; I do (by these ^Pejepscot Papers. ^Massachusetts Records, 1754, p. 325. 5 66 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. presents) reposing especial trust and confidence in your loyalty, cour- age, and good conduct, constitute & appoint you to be a Captain of an Independent company of fifteen volunteers forthwith to be raised in y= town of Topsham & parts adjacent in y" County of York ; for marching upon any sudden alarm to y' relief & protection of any neighbouring English Fort or settlement (mentioned in y° instructions herewith s[ent]) wMch shall be attacked or molested by Indians ; & for cutting oflT their retreat. " You are therefore carefully & diligently to discharge y"= duty of a captain in leading, ordering & exercising said Company in Arms, both inferiour officers and soldiers, & to keep them in good order & disci- pline ; hereby commanding them to obey you as their captain — & yourself to observe & follow such orders & instructions, as you shall from time to time receive from me, or y° commander in chief for y= time being, or other your superiour officers for his Majesty's service, according to military rules & discipline, pursuant to y^ trust reposed in you. " Given under my hand & seal at arms at Boston, the fourth day of March, in ^' twenty seventh year of ^' Reiga of his Majesty King George ^^ Second, Annoq : Domini, 1754." [Signed] W. Shirley. By His Excellency's Command. [Signed] J. WiLLAED Secr'y.^ Hostilities commenced in this vicinity. May 9, 1756. On that day a party of Indians assembled on the high lands of Topsham, con- certed their plans, and agreed to meet there on their return. They divided into two parties. One party was to go to Flying Point, and the other to Maquoit, Middle Bay, and New Meadows. The second party skulked about Maquoit for a while and then went to Middle Bay, where they looked into the house of John Giveen, who, with his wife, had gone to meeting at Harpswell. In the afternoon, while the Indians lay concealed in the bushes at Smith's Brook, three men — Abijah Young, and John and Richard Starbird, who were on their return from meeting at New Meadows — passed by. These men belonged, probably, to Captain Samuel Goodwin's company, which scouted between Fort George and Maquoit.^ They were well armed. The Indians darted from their concealment and fired at them. In 1 Copied from the original, Sept. 23, 1833, hy I.ithgow Hxtnter, of Topsham. 2 P^epscot Papers. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1760. 67 their surprise and fright, the men dropped their guns and ran. Young was wounded and carried otf a prisoner. The other party of Indians appeared Sunday, at daylight, at the house of Thomas Means, at Flying Point, in what is now Freeport. This was a fortified house and the doors were securely fastened. The Indians, however, battered it open by means of a log and thus effected an entrance. Thomas Martin, the father of Captain Matthew, was asleep in his chamber, and being so suddenly aroused was unable to find his gun, and conseq(uently remained in concealment. One of the children concealed herself in the ash-hole. This daughter, Alice, after- wards married Mr. Clement Skolfield, eldest son of Thomas, and was the mother of Captain George Skolfield. Mr. Means, his wife, child, and wife's sister. Miss Molly Finney, were taken out of the house. Mr. Means was held by the arms between two stalwart In- dians, while a third one shot him through the breast and scalped him. While this was being done, Mrs. Means, with a child in her arms, ran into the house, closed the door, and placed a chest agaiust it. The Indians, on their return to the house, finding the door refastened, pointed a gun through a hole and fired at her. The ball passed through her breast, killing the infant in her arms. They succeeded in getting into the house again, and while they were in the entry, Mar- tin, who had found his gun, fired down through his chamber-floor and wounded one of them. This frightened them off and they left the place, taking with them the wounded Indian and Miss Finney, who was heard crying loudly for rescue. She was carried off in her night- clothes. When they got to the hill in Topsham they were met by the second party, who had Young a prisoner. The latter advised Miss Finnej' to seize the first blanket she could. She succeeded in getting and retaining one. The subsequent adventures of this ladj', though interesting, are not so exciting as what has been related. The Indians took their prisoners through the wilderness to Quebec. Here Miss Finney was sold to a farmer and put to work in the field. The farmer, not satisfied with her work there, afterwards put her in his kitchen. While here, she attracted the attentions of a French- man. Her master, in consequence, being displeased, used to lock her in her chamber when she was not at work. Not many months after this, Captain McClellan, of Falmouth, was at Quebec with a cartel of exchange. Ha^dng been f9rmerly acquainted with Miss Finney, he sought after and finally found her. A time and mode of escape were agreed upon. At the time fixed he went to her window and threw her a rope. She let herself down, escaped to his vessel, and after a 68 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELh. fair voyage arrived at Portland. She afterwards married the man who had been so instrumental to her release. i Young obtained his -liberty in abont a year, but died in Halifax of the small-pox.^ In 1756 a garrison was built in Topsham and the defence of it was given to Captain Lithgow.3 On May-18, 1757, a party of seventeen Indians waylaid Captain Lithgow and a party of eight men, at Tops- ham, and had a short but sharp engagement with them. Two of Lithgow's party were wounded and two of the Indians were killed.^ Disheartened at the result, the savages withdrew, taking with them the dead bodies of their companions. They afterwards, however, as they went up the river, took their revenge by tilling two white men.^ Shortly after this event John Malcom and Daniel Eaton were going to Maquoit for salt hay, or were returning with some, when they were waylaid by some Indians. Malcom escaped, but Eaton received a bullet in his wrist, was captured, and was carried to Canada, where he remained about a year. He was the son of Moses Eaton who was killed at Pleasant Point in 1722.S According to another account, he was the son of Samuel Eaton, of Salisbury, Mass.'' Eaton was cap- tured by the famous Indian chief, Sabattis, who sold him for four dollars. The only food they had to eat, on their way to Canada, was a par- tridge which Sabattis shot, and of which he gave Eaton all the better part, reserving for himself only the head and entrails, which he ate with apparent relish. Years after (about 1800), Sabattis passed through Brunswick, and while there entered the store of John Perry, which was on the site of the store now occupied by Barton Jordan. Quite a crowd of villagers collected to see the old chief, and Dean Swift, then a lad of eight years, was sent to inform Daniel Eaton, who was then an old man, that Sabattis, was in the store. Eaton, who was at work piling shingles for Colonel William Stanwood in what is now the yard of the estate of the late A. C. Robbins, Esquire, came to the store, and was at once recognized by Sabattis, who seemed to be really glad to see him. At the request of some of those in the store, Eaton drew up his sleeve to show the buckshot in his arm, which were flred by Sabattis at the time of Eaton's capture. Sabattis looked at the arm with reluctance, saj'ing, " That long time ago ; war time too." 1 McKeen, MSS. Lecture. Massachusetts Historical Collections, 4 Ser. Vol. 5, p. 415. 2 WUUamson, History of Maine, 2, p. 320. 8 Sewall, Ancient Dominions of Maine, p 306. 4 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, p. 323. 6 Sewall, Ancient Dominions of Maine, p. 308. ^Pejepseot Papers. ' McKeen, MSS. Lecture. PERIOD OF THK INDIAN WARS, 1675-1760. 69 After a short but friendly chat with Eaton, Sabattis shook hands and left the store and went on his w;\y.i Although a treaty of peace was not made until the spring of 1760, yet the war had virtually ceased at this time, and accordingly the fort was dismantled, and on Dec. 19, 1758, was leased by the proprietors, to whom it had reverted. These Indian wars occupied a period of nearly eighty-five years, and during nearly all this time the settlers were accustomed, at every alarm, to congregate in the fort at Brunswick or the block house at Maquoit, though towards the close many were in garrisons in other parts of the town and in Topsham. At times these defences were so crowded that temporary booths and camps were made outside of, but near to them. There were but few garrisons in Harpswell* as from its local situation it was not subject to assaults by the Indians. ^ There were a few other cases of massacres and violence on the part of the Indians, besides those which have been related, but accounts of them are, for the most part, entirely traditional and indefinite, both as to dates and localities, and often as to the individuals concerned in them. An account of the manners and customs of life at this period belongs to another chapter, but one tradition is here given to show the expedients to which those in the fort, during the raids of the Indians, were often obliged to resort. It is said that at one time, when the inhabitants were obliged to seek refuge in Fort George, thej^ had no neighbors nearer than at Bath, then called "■ The Reach." This place was distant fifteen miles by water, which was the only safe way of communicating between the two posts. In Fort George was a dog which had been taught to carrj' letters and which would take one to Bath in about two hours' time. On arriving there he would howl until he gained admission to the fort at that place, and would receive an answer, which he would as speedily fetch back to Brunswick. At last he was killed by an Indian. The garrisons were now deprived of this means of communication. An active and zealous youth undertook, however, to take the place of the four-footed messenger. " I," said he, " will carry your messages by water." For two successive sum- mers this brave youth went between the two posts, swimming a great l)art of the way. He went chiefly in the night-time, resting by day in the rushes that grew around the shores of Merrymeeting Bay. At 1 Reminiscences of Dean Swift. 2 Memoranda of Rev. Samuel Eaton, in Pejepscot Papers. 70 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL length he was captured hj the Indians and carried to Canada. From the latter country he soon, however, made his escape, and returned to Fort George, where he soon " resumed his swimming mail route." He was afterwards captured a second time b}- the famous Indian chief, Sabattis. "What further became of him' is unknown. i '^Putnam, Description of Brunswich, Me., by a gentleman from South Carolina, p. 32. PAET II. TOPOaEAPHTCAL AM) DESCEIPTIYE. Map of Brunswick and Topsham Villages in 1802. REFERENCES TO THE POREGOtNG MAP. 1. Mrs Hiukley. 2. James Purinton. 3. Humplirey Thompson. 4. Capt. Nathl. Melcher. 5. Dr. Benj. J. Porter. (Resi- dence.) 6. Luther Kimball. (Cabinet- maker's shop ) 7. School-house. 8. Blacksmith's shop. 9. James Stone. 10. James Stone. (Store.) 11-. Dr. Porter. 12. Hugh Wilson. 13. John Hern. 14. Eben Ferrin. 15. John Haley. 16. Joseph Haley. 17. • Lawrence Humphreys. 18. Saw mill. 19. Shoemaker's shop. 20. Gideon Walker. 21. Joseph Swett. 22. Stephen Bradford. 23. Jairus Fuller. 24. Obed Burnham. (Pump and block-maker's shop.) 25. James Blanchard. (Store.) 26. Ezra Smith. 27. Larrabee & Emery (Dwell- ing.) 28 Humphrey Purinton. 29. Store. 30. Store. 31. Isaac Johnson. 32. Larrabee & Emery. (Hat- ters.) 33. Porter & King. (Store ) 34. Henry Wilson. (Store.) 35. James Cushman. (Store.) 36. Francis Tucker. (Inn.) 37. Blacksmith's shop. 38. David Flagg. 39. Shoemaker's shop. 40. Hodge mill. 41. Granny Hole mill. 42. Grist mill and fulling mill. 43. James Thompson. 44. Saw mill. 45. Grist mill. 46. Saw mill. 47. Saw mill. 48. Waldron. 49. Ruins of Fort George. 50. Jere Moulton. 51. Cutting Noyes. 52. Store. 58. Daniel & Jotham Stone. (Store.) 54. Amos Lunt. 55 John Brown. 56. Bisbee's shop. 57. Grist mill. 58. 2 saw mills and grist mill. 59. Mr. Bisbee. 60. Thos Pool. 61. John Dunlap's mansion 62 Trueworthy Kilgore. 63. Store. 64. Capt. Richard Tappan. 65. Store-house. 66. Major Swift 67. William Owen. 68 Law office. 69. P. 0. Alden. 70. John Dunning. 71. John Swartkin & Caleb Cushing's store. 72 School-house. 73. Robert D. Dunning. 74. Charles Ryan. 75. Store. 76. Samuel Stanwood. 77 President's House (being built). 78. Massachusetts Hall. 79. Inn. 80. Col. Estabrook's bakery. 81. Timothy Weymouth. 82. Barn. 83. Cabinet shop. 84. Shimuel Owen 85 Col. Thomas Estabrook. 86. Rev. Ebenezer Coffin. 87. Mr. Heath. 88. Mr. Brooks. 89. Aaron Melcher. 90. Dr. Charles Coffin. 91. Ebenezer Nichols. 92. John Perry's store. 93. Samuel Emerson. 94. Store and office. 95. John Perry. 96. Store. 97. Col Stanwood. 98. Store. 99 Daniel Coombs. 100. James Carey. 101. Caleb Cushlng. 102. Eli Cox, (Pottery.) 103. Eli Cox. • 104. Noah Tobey. 105. James Wilson. 106 Mr. Carr (Tailor.) 107. Court House. CHAPTER I. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. The territoiy now covered by the towns of Topshara, Brunswick, and Harpswell, forming an extensive portion of the old Pejepscot pur- chase, is situated between Casco and Merrymeeting Bays, and on both sides of the Androscoggin River. The railroad station at Brunswick is distant from Portland twenty-nine miles, from Bath, nine miles, from Augusta, thirtj-- three miles, and from Lewiston, eighteen miles. Its latitude is 43° 54' 37" N., and its longitude 69° 57' 26" W. from G-reenwich. TopsHAM, the most northerly of the three towns, is bounded on the north by Bowdoin and Bowdoinham ; on the east by Merr3'meeting Bay ; on the south by Brunswick ; on the west by Brunswick and Dur- ham ; and on the northwest by Lisbon Its area is about 22,600 acres. Brunswick is bounded on the north by Topsham, from which it is separated by the Androscoggin River ; on the east by the New Mead- ows River, which divides it from Bath and West Bath ; on the south by Casco Bay and the town of Harpswell ; on the southwest by Free- port ; and on the northwest by Durham. It has an area of about 28,200 acres. Harpswell is bounded on the north by Brunswick ; on the east by the New Meadows River ; and on the south and west hy Casco Baj'. It consists of a peninsula called Harpswell, or Merriconeag, Neck, which extends southwest from Brunswick into Casco Bajs and of the following islands : Sebascodegan, or Great Island, Orr's, Bailej-'s, and Haskell's Islands, with Whaleboat Island, Birch Island, and several smaller ones. The area of the Neck is 4,570 acres, and that of Great Island 5,790 acres, according to the measurement made in 1731, by Phinehas Jones, a surveyor.^ The whole town probably contains above 12,000 acres. Through the Pejepscot region, and separating Brunswick from Tops- 1 McKeen, in Harpswell Banner, October, 1832. 7(j HISTORY OF BRVKSWICE, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. ham. luns the Androscoggin Rivek, noted for its numerous falls and abundant power. The other rivers are the Cathance and Muddj', m Topsham, and the New Meadows, which separates Brunswick and Harpswell from Bath, West Bath, and Phippsburg. The Cathanoe rises in the lower part of the town of Litchfield, flows in a southeasterly direction through the town of Bowdoin, and continues on this course until it reaches about the centre of Topsham, where it takes an easterlj^ course for a short distance, then rims nearly north by northeast until it reaches the village of Bowdoinham, when it takes a bend and flows to the southeast until it reaches Merrymeet- ing Bay. A few miles south of Bowdoinham, this river has an arm which extends northwesterly for about a mile, where it drains two small branches. Its whole length is about twenty-seven miles. MuDUT EiVER rises in the southeastern part of Topsham, about mid- way between the old Bowdoinham road and the Foreside road, and flows in a northeasterly direction until it reaches Merrymeeting Bay. Its length is not far from four and a half miles. New Meadows River rises in the town of Bath, about half a mile from Merrymeeting Bay, and flows south into Casco Bay. It was anciently called Stevens's River. The only pond of considerable size in this whole region is Cathance Pond, sometimes called Bradley's Pond, in Topsham. It is little more than an expansion of Cathance River, and is a few acres only in extent. Merrymeeting Bay is formed by the confluence of the waters of the Androscoggin, Muddy, Cathance, Abagadusset, and Kennebec Rivers. It is about six miles in length and three in breadth, at its widest part. In a deed from Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Sir Richard Edgecomb in 1637, this sheet of watfer was called the " Lake of New Somersett." ' In other ancient deeds it was called " Swan Pond."^ It is doubtful if there is in New England a tract of land of the same extent, possessing a more diversified scenery than does the territory 'ust described. Each differing phase of the landscape may be sur- passed in many other places, but the tout ensemb e is rarely equalled. There is but one place where this extended view can be obtained, and comparatively few have ever enjoyed it. On the north of the village of Topsham, and about a mile distant from the bridge, is an abrupt elevation of land called Mount Ararat. In the innocence of childhood we long supposed this to be the veritable mount whereon the ark ' Pgepscot Papers. ^ Ibid. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 77 rested. Upon the summit of this hill once stoofl a very respectable observatorj', rising higher than the surrounding trees. From the top of this observatory, or from the summit of one of the tallest trees, could be seen in one direction the Cathance Eiver, -niiiding like a sil- ver thread through the evergreen foUage ; in another direction, the bright waters of Merrj-meeting Bay ; farther still gleamed the broad line of the New Meadows River and the wide expanse of Casco Baj-, the latter dotted with islands and swept by the white sails of vessels of every size. At the west, about sixtj- miles distant, the White Hills of New Hampshire are distinctlj' visible on clear daj-s, while a glass reveals the observatorj' and church spires at Portland. The scenery of the three towns is widely different. Topsham, on the north or left bank of the Androscoggin, is for the most part hillj' ; while Brunswick, on the opposite bank of the river, consists (with tlie exception of the western and extreme eastern portions) of low, sandy plains. Harpswell is made up of islands, and the long, high peninsula of Merriconeag. In the western part of the town of Brunswick a rock}' elevation is to be observed, extending quite from the Androscoggin to Casco Bav. Many citizens are familiar with the picturesque scenery at Rocky Hill, some four miles up the river road, where this ridge begins. At the deep cut, some three miles west of the village, the railroad passes through a depression of this ridge, but at Oak Hill it again rises to full height. A few miles farther, another depression is succeeded by Brimstone Hill, in Freeport, which completes the line quite to Harraseekit Land- ing, on Casco Baj-. From Oak Hill and the higher points of the par- allel ridge west of it, the sea is usuallj^ visible. From all elevated points, for miles around, appear also the spires of the villages of Brunswick and Topsham, the highest among them being the twin towers of King's Chapel. On the approach from up river, Powder- House Hill (at an earlier date known as Sunset Hill) hides much of the villages from view. A bend of the river, with a broad expansion at this point, gives all the effect of a lake, with the accessories of high, rocky banks, green hills, low, grassy shores, and sandy beaches. At the upper railroad bridge, where the banks of the river approach each other and the compressed waters go rolling on between the firm bounds of rock, the scene begins to change. Here is the beginning of the notable Beottswick Falls, the finest water-power on the Atlan- tic coast. This magnificent fall of water, though lacking in the gran- deur which attaches to the more famous falls of some other rivers, has 78 HISTORY OF BEUKSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HAEP SWELL. yet a beauty of its own, which should by no means be overlooked. Its numerous cascades afford not only varied and picturesque views, but furnish a motive-power probably unsurpassed in New :5ngland within so small a space. The natural bed of the fall consists of coarse graphic granite and gneiss. The rock upon the middle fall projects above the water at several points, serving as natural abutments to the several sections of the dam. Shad Island, the former site of mills, divides the lower fall about midway. There are three pitches : the first has a vertical descent of about eleven feet, the middle of four- teen feet, and the lower of about fifteen feet. The total height of the fall is about forty-one feet above high tide, which flows to the foot of the fall, causing a variation in the height of the water of about three feet. The whole horizontal distance of the descent is 1,980 feet. LOCALITIES. In the Androscoggin River, from Lisbon to Merrymeeting Bay, there are twelve islands, besides numerous rocks at the Brunswick Falls, which have acquired distinctive names. Beech Island — probably so called on account of the growth of beech-trees found upon it — is the first island above the upper railroad bridge. Merrill's Island is a short distance above the former. It was named after John Merrill, Esquire, who purchased it in 1768. Goose Rock is the rock upon which the' middle pier of the upper railroad bridge rests. It is not a bowlder, as is generally supposed, but is part of a ledge extending to the shore. ^ Why the rock bears its present name is not known ; but it is quite probable that it was so called from a supposed similarity to a swimming goose. It has, how- ever, been suggested that it may have been a resort for fowlers, when after wild geese. Goat Island is a short distance above the Factory, or second dam. The origin of its name is unknown ; but it is conjectured that one of the earlj' settlers pastured his goats upon it. Devil's Rock is the name given to a large rockj' island about mid- way of the second, or Factory dam. The traditional origin of the name is as follows : In the early settlement of the place, a man and his .wife occupied a lone house a little way back from the river, on the Topsham side. This man was very superstitious, and probably ad- dicted to the habit of taking both frequent and deep potations. One ^Survey by 0. J. Noyes, Esq. ' BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 79 daj' during an ice freshet, as he was sitting at his window watching the ice go by, he imagined he saw Satan, in propria persona, floating down the stream on a log, and that he could hear the clanking of his chains as he climbed the rock. He informed his wife of this imaginary occurrence, and after the waters had sufficiently subsided, the pair vis- ited the rock and found the footprints left there by his supposed Satanic Majesty. These holes in the rock — one of which does bear quite a resemblance to a huge footprint — are still to be seen. Fishing Rock Island, Salmon Island, Shad Island. — All these names have been, at different periods, applied to the island at the lower falls, between the long dam and the gulf dam. Tradition gives the origin of the latter name as follows : The law formerly prohibited the catching of shad between sunset on Saturday and sunrise on Mon- day'. Fish-wardens were annually chosen by some towns to see that this law was enforced. One Sundaj' some men went out and caught several of these fish, and hid them on this island, not daring to be seen carrying them home. Mr. Johnson Wilson and some friends started out after them in boats, pretending to be the fish- wardens, and went ashore on the island, found the fish, and, for sport, carried them away. The joke was discovered, and some complaint made against Mr. Wilson for breaking the Sabbath. Afterwards, when he built a mill, — the first one on the island, — those who had blamed him for taking the fish called his mill the " Shad Mill," and from that the island subsequently became known as Shad Island. Feeshet Rock is the name by which the rock between Shad Island and the Topsham shore is known. It is thus called from its being an index to the height of water in the river. It is never entirely covered by water except in freshets. Geanny Hole Mill, Stream, and Bridge. — The channel which carries the water from the river above the lower falls, around the island in Topsham, was originally only a ravine ; but about 1760 it was excavated so as to afford a continuous fiow of water. Tradition gives the following account of the origin of its name : On one occa- sion, in midwinter, Mr. Thomas Wilson, grandfather of Mr. James Wilson, of Topsham, went over the ice to a fulling-mill near the fort in Brunswick, to obtain a web of cloth. He stayed until after dark ; and while coming home he heard a woman's voice in the direction of a mill which stood just south of where the flour mill in Topsham now stands. Going in the direction from which the sound came, he found a woman named Betty Watts, who had broken through the ice, and was clinging to the edge of it, screaming for help. Having his web of 80 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. clotli with him, he held on to one end and threw the roll to the woman, who caught hold of it and was drawn out. In memory of this incident, the mill was called the ' ' Granny-Hole Mill," and the name was afterwards applied to the whole ravine. The " Granny- Hole Bridge " is mentioned a number of times in the town records of Topsham. The Golden Pipe — This was a natural drain or outlet for what is now a stagnant pond in front of Flagg's brick-yard, in Topsham. It crossed Summer Street just west of Mr. Cyrus Flagg's residence, and so kept on till it entered the Granny-Hole Stream. In times of freshet, the water from the river flowed across the sand-bed through the Golden Pipe into the Granny-Hole Stream, which afforded an opportunity for lumbermen to run logs that way and save them from being carried down river and out to sea. The benefit thus derived from this channel doubtless gave rise to its name. When Summer Street was laid out, a portion of the drain was filled up and the street raised high enough to prevent the water from crossing it except in unusually high freshets. This drain is referred to in the town records under the name given above. Great Island is the name given in the Topsham town records to the island formed by the Granny-Hole Stream and the main river. It has also been called Thompson's Island, because it was at one time owned by Brigadier Thompson. It is usually called simply " The Island.'' Middle Eock is the name of the rock upon which one of the piers of the Androscoggin Bridge (formerly the toll-bridge) rests. Mason's Eock. — There are two traditions accounting for the name of the large rock below the falls, known as Mason's Rock. One is, that a Mr. Mason was once saved from drowning by getting upon this rock. The other is that, while upon the rock, he was killed by the Indians. There are no means of determining which of the two tradi- tions is most reliable. "Samuel Mason" occupied lot number ten (within the present limits of Brunswick village) in 1717. He occu- pied it less than three years, and what became of him is now unknown. Ferry Point is the point of land at the Topsham end of the iron railroad bridge. It is so called from the fact that, previous to the erection of the toll-bridge, a ferry was maintained between this point and the ' ' Landing " in Brunswick. Teeramugus Cove is the name applied in honor of an Indian chief, Terramngus, to the cove between Ferry Point and the Granny-Hole Mill. It is probable, however, that the river formerly covered the BOUNDASIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 81 low land where the town landing used to be, back of the residence of Mr. Samuel Jameson, and that the name was applied to that particu- lar part of the cove. Old Sunday. — About midwaj- between Mason's Rock and Ferry Point, but nearer the Topsham shore, is a large stone, now seldom exposed to view, which was placed there hy Brigadier Thompson to form the anchorage for a boom. Tradition accounts for its name from its being placed there by the Brigadier on Sunday. Cow Island is the name applied to the island just below the pres- ent iron railroad bridge. The name was given earl}' in the last cen- tury, and was doubtless suggested by the fact of its affording good and safe pasturage for cows. It was owned, prior to 1797, by John Sandford.i The Nakrows, where the river is compressed into narrow limits by two high rocky points, are about two miles below the Falls. The point on the Brunswick side was formerly occupied bj' Humphrey's steam-mill and ship-yard. Baxter's Island, Freyer's or Friar's Island, Mdstaed's Island. — These are different names for the island near the Topsham end of the Bay Bridge. The island was deeded in 1717 to the Reverend Joseph Baxter of Medfleld, Mass., who came here as a missionary to the Indians. The name " Frej'er's Island" is laid down on some of the maps of a recent date, but the origin of the name is unknown. It is called "Mustard's Island" from its present owner, Mr. John Mus- tard, of Topsham. Hunter's Island is the large island at the foot of the Narrows. In Stevens's deed from the Indians, in 1675, it is called "Stave Island." It may have borne oth'er names, but we have not been able to ascertain them. Pleasant Point lies between the Androscoggin and Muddy Rivers, extending into Merrymeeting Bay. Although this name is appropri- ate, and has the prestige of antiquity, j-et it would appear still more appropriate to perpetuate the name of its original owner, the first set- tler in Topsham, by calling it Cfyles's Point. Cathance Point is the point of land in Bowdoinham formed by the bend of the Cathance River near its outlet into Merrj-meeting Bay. Fulton's Point and Patten's Point are names which have been successively applied to a point on the eastern side of Cathance Point, by former residents of the vicinity, — lames Fulton having been one 1 Deed to Brigadier Thompson. 82 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, T0P8HAM, AND HARPSWELL. of its earliest occupants, aud John Patten, its owner at a later period. Center Point, formerly called Moffltf s, and still earlier Somerset Point, is the point of land between the Abagadusset and Calhance Rivers. In a deed from Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Sir Richard Edge- comb, dated 1637, this point was called "Somerset Point." ^ The name has often been spelled " Samoset," and the explanation has been given that it was named in honor of the Indian chief of that name ; but it is evident that the latter name is a corruption of the former. In the last centurj', the point was occupied \)y a family named ' ' Mof- fltt," for whom it was named ; and in like manner its present name was given because of its occupation for many j-ears by a family- named Center. It is in the town of Bowdoinham. Abagadusset Point is the striking name which attaches to the last projection which engages our attention on the north side of the baj'. It lies between the Kennebec and Abagadusset Rivers, and is a part of the town of Bowdoinham. The meaning and derivation of the name have already- been given in Chapter I of Part Fii'st. Oak Hill is about four miles north of Topsham village. The origin of the name is obvious. In Brunswick the following localities are more or less familiar : — Fish-House Hill, upon which stands the residence of Miss Nar- cissa Stone, received its name from the fact that there was once a tish- house upon it, where salmon and sturgeon were cured and packed for shipment. Eaton Brook — the first brook west of the village — bears this name from Daniel Eaton, who lived near it in the last century. Hakwood's Brook was named for George Harwood, one of the early settlers, who built a house and attempted to clear a farm on what was afterward the " Captain Adams Place," which included the very noticeable hill, with the large house at the top, on the west bank of the Androscoggin, about a mile above the village. Sandy Gullt — as its name indicates — is a sandy ravine on the River road, where it crosses Harwood's Brook. Rocky Hill is about four miles from the village on the road lending up the river. It is the beginning of the broad, rocky ridge to which reference has been made. The scenery of the locality is the boldest of anj- in the three towns. The Pinnacle is the name of a hill, probably the highest in the three towns, situated on the north side of the Durham road, at the ^ Pejepscot Papers. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATUIiES. 83 extreme western border of Brunswick. It is well covered with trees, except a space on the east and south, the latter side being marked by a precipitous ledge of light-colored granite. Bald Eock is a massive projection of ledge on a western slope of the ridge of which Oak Hill is a spur on the eastern side, nearlj- opposite. Oak Hill is a spur of the granitic ridge which extends frona the Androscoggin River to Casco Baj-. It is on the Portland road, about four miles west of the village. Geowstown, a neighborhood about two miles west of the colleges, derives its name from the numerous families named Grows who for- merly resided in the vicinity. BuNGANucK Landing is the western side of Maquoit Bay, near Freeport. The origin of the name is given elsewhere in the volume. Wharton's Point, at Maquoit, was named for Thomas Wharton, who owned the lot in 1717. It was afterwards sold to William Wood- side. Maie Point, Maee Point, Meee Point. — These are the varied spellings of the name applied from a very early date to the peninsula which extends into Casco Bay and Maquoit Bay. The derivation, and consequently the spelling, of the name has been the subject of some discussion, and there still exists a difference of opinion concerning it. In the earliest deeds and other documents which we have seen, the name is spelled Mair ; and for this reason we have so spelled the name whenever reference is made to it. We incline to the opinion that some time previous to the Pejepscot purchase, a man named Marr (or Mare) lived on the point, and that "Mair" is a corruption. WilUamson ' states that John Mare was an early settler on Mare Point. Some are of the opinion that at a very early period the point was occupied 113' French settlers, who gave it the name of Mer Point, which in English would be Sea Point. There is no proof, however, that the locality was ever occupied by the French. Nevt Whabf is the name of a wharf at Middle Baj-, built in 1837. It was then spoken of as ''The New Wharf," and never having received any other name, it is still called New Wharf, though now old and dilapidated. Pennellville is a neighborhood near Middle Bay, which includes a number of families of the name of Pennell. Much ship-building has been done in this vicinity. Maie Beook rises a short distance west of the Twelve-Rod road, ^History of Maine, I, p. 564, note. 84 lUSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND MARPSWF.LL. and crossing that road about half a mile below the colleges, thence runs in an easterly direction and empties into Harpswell Harbor, between Prince's Point and Harpswell Neck. The origin of the name is unknown, but it is doubtless the same as that of Mair Point. Thompson's Brook, in the eastern part of the town, was named after Cornelius Thompson, an early settler, through whose lot the brook ran. Cook's Cokner, two miles east of 15ninswick village, on the road to Bath, was named for Stephen Cook, who resided there in 1764 and probabl}' earlier. Prince's Point extends into Hasrpswell Harbor, between the Neck and Great Island. It received this appellation after a family named Prince, who have lived on the point many j-ears. Ham's Hill, near New Meadows Eiver, on the upper road to Bath, was named for Tobias Ham, who settled upon it previous to 1742. Bull Rock is a rock in New Meadows River, upon which rests one of the piers of the bridge below the railroad. The following are localities in Harpswell : — Harpswell Neck is what was formerly and is now, often, called Merriconeag. The " Great Island " is the English and Sebascodegan the Indian name for the largest of the islands included in the township of Harps- well. Richard Wharton, in 1683, speaks of it as " Sebacoa, alius Chebascoa diggin." ' Orr's Island is the name now applied to what, in 1758, was known as Little Sebascodegan.^ It received its later name from one of its first English occupants, Joseph Orr, who owned nearlj^ the whole island. Orr's Island and Bailey's Island were, also, prior to 1683, called "The Twins." 3 Ba.ilet's Island, situated south of the Neck, is the present name of what was called Will's Island in the Act of Incorporation of Harpswell. Captain James Sinnett, now upwards of eighty 3-ears of age, who has resided upon the island all his life, gives the following account of the origin of these names. The first settler upon the island was a man named Black, who, with his wife and a boj-, moved there from Kittery. They were of mixed breed, having in their veins the blood of the Anglo-Saxon, Indian, and African races. Black and his wife died and were the first persons ever buried upon the island. Their son, Will Black, lived to old age and became generally known 1 Pejepsuot Papers. 2 ^^e Act of Incorporation of Harpswell. s jn,id. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 85 by the nams of Uncle Will. The island consequentlj' took its first name from him. Afterwards, Deacon Timothy Bailej-, of Hanover, Mass., purchased the island and moved there with his family. The Blacks were squatters, and, having no legal claim to the land, they moved to Orr's Island, and settled on the lot now owned by Mr. Ealph Johnson. Thereafter Will's Island was called Bailey's Island. North Yarmouth Islaxd is situated south of, and in close prox- imity to Sebascodegan, or Great Island. The explanation of its bearing the name of a distant town is probably as follows : — The town of North Yarmouth formerly embraced the peninsula of Mair Point and Harpswell Neck, with Sebascodegan and the lesser islands within the limits indicated bj^ these points. When the town of Harpswell was formed, all the larger islands intended to be set off from Yarmouth for the new town of Harpswell were named in the Act of Incorporation, with the exception of the one now under considera- tion. The omission was probably unintentional; yet this island — nearly the most remote of all — still remained the legal territory of North Yarmouth. This anomaly among the islands led to its acquire- ment of the name of the town to which it belonged. At a later period it was annexed to Harpswell. Damaeiscove Island, now called "Haskell's Island," lies opposite Potts's Point. In tlie Act of Incorporation of Harpswell it was called Damariscove Island, but assumed its present name after its purchase by a Mr. Haskell. Flag Island is said to derive its name from the fact that large quantities of flags grew upon it. Whale-Boat Island is, perhaps, so called from its fancied resem- blance in shape to a whale-boat. It lies west of the lower part of the Neck. Goose Islands — two of them — lie west of the middle of the Neck. At the southeast of the lower one are a pair of small islands called " The Goslings." Shelter Island, in Middle Bay, probably recei^-ed its name from its affording a place of refuge for the settlers on Mair Point and vicinity in times of Indian hostility. Tradition says that this island was for many years the resort of smugglers, who obtained their goods in the British provinces, and stored them on this island if so fortu- nate as to escape the customs officers along the coast. The name was probably given by the smugglers. Birch Island, between Mair Point and the Neck, was doubtless so named for its abundant growth of birch-trees. 86 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND EAEPSWELL. White's Island, near Mair Point, was named for Nicholas White, who occupied it as early as the j-ear 1675. PoTTs's Point, at the lower extremitj^ of the Neck, was named for Richard Potts, its first occupant, who settled there previous to 1672. The Prongs are the three points at the lower end of the Neck, which bears a resemblance to the form of a fork. Lookout Point, on the western shore of the Neck, is so called l)ecause it affords an extended view of the baj-. The scenery at this locality is verj' picturesque. Condy's Point is the southeastern extremity of Great Island, and, with the adjacent harbor, takes its name from William Condy, who settled there in 1733. Boyle's Point is the northeastern extremity of Orr's Island. It was probably named for the Reverend Matthew Byles, who had one hundred acres of this island set off to him by Joseph Orr, in lieu of his previous claim as heir to Honorable William Tailer. The follo^ving are the names of the smaller islands of Harpswell. which are mostly uninhabited. There are a few others, without estab- lished name by which they might be recognized, and of which we therefore have made no special record. Rogue Island is southeast of Condy's Point. Jenny's Island is south of North Yarmouth Island. Long Ledge is south of Jennj-'s Island. Pole Island, Small Island, and Snow Island are situated in the eastern part of Quahaug Bay. Elm Island is east of the lower part of Orr's Island. Raw Island is east of the north part of Bailey's Island. Cedae Ledges, five in a row, — seven or more in all, — are east of Raw Island. Pond Island is east of the middle of Bailej^'s Island. Ragged Island is east of the lower part of Bailej''s Island. Its municipal connection has been disputed. Jaques's Island, south of Bailey's Island, receives its name from Lieutenant Jaques, who resided on the Neck opposite, and who was one of the officers in the final expedition against the Indians at Norridge- wock. Turnip Island is west of Jaques's Island. Great Mark Island is south of Haskell's Island. Little Mark Island is south of Great Mark Island. Eagle Island is west of Haskell's Island. Little Birch Island is southwest of west prong of Harpswell Neck. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 87 Horse Island is east of Little Birch Island. Barne's Island is between the west prong of the Neck and Great Whale-Boat Island. Little Whale-Boat Island is northwest and near Great Whale- Boat Island. Irony Island is east of the Goslings. Braining's Ledge is between the Goose Islands. LooKOtTT Island is adjacent to Point Lookout. Little Birch Island is northeast of Birch Island. ScRAGG Island is east of White's Island. Little Irony Island is south by southwest of Scragg Island. Crow Island is southwest of New Wharf, at head of Middle Baj-. Clarke's Island is east of New Wharf. Bomazeen Island is between Brunswick and Great Island. Other localities in Harpswell are : — High Head, on the east side of the northern part of the Neck, and Jaques's Harbor, at the southern extremitj- of Bailej-'s Island. Harpswell Harbor is on the east of the Neck, between it and Great Island and Orr's Island. Condy's Harbor is on the east side of the point of the same name, south of Great Island. QuAHAUG Bay extends into Great Island from the south and nearly divides the island. Ash Cove is west of Potts's Point, between the eastern and middle prongs of the Neck. Mill-Pond Basin is between the western and middle prongs of the Neck. It furnishes a tide power of great value, from its accessibilitj- by sea, the depth of water admitting the passage of vessels of sev- eral hundred tons, quite to the dam. Upon it there is now a large grain mill. Long Reach is an extensive cove in the western side of Great Island, opening northward. Long Cove nearlj' divides the northern half of Orr's Island. Lowell's Cove is on the southeast side of Orr's Island. Mackerel Cove is on the southern part of Bailey's Island. Will Gut is the passage between Orr's and Bailey's Islands. The Gurnet is the name of the point in Brunswick opposite to Great Island, Harpswell . Between the point and island is the Gurnet Bridge. In the English Channel there are se-\'eral headlands bearing the name, having taken it, probably, because of the number of gurnet iish found in the neighborhood, and it is probable that the name was given 88 HISTOIiY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSJSAM, AND HARPSWELL. to the point in Brunswick from a fancied resemblance to one of the English headlands referred to. FAUNA. From the varied character of the region about Brunswick Falls, comprising sea-shore and forest, sandy plains, granite hills, and rich intervales, this narrow territorj', prior to its occupation bj'the English, must have drawn a numerous representation of almost the entire fauna of the State. Among the mammalia formerly found here were bears, wild-cats, loup cerviers, wolves, moose, beaver, and otter. Cathance Pond is said to have been once a great resort for the latter, whi'e traces of beaver-dams are found on almost every stream. Of the car- nivora, wolves were the most common. The town many times voted bounties for the destruction of these animals, which prowled about the premises of the settlers in search of food, and sometimes even fol- lowed the settlers themselves. About the year 1786, Mrs. Thomas, wife of Lewis Thomas, walked from Harpswell to Brunswick, bearing her baby in her arms, and in addition carrjnng half a quintal of fish. While coming through the woods near Middle Bay, she was followed by wolves. With remark- able presence of mind, she threw down a single fish, which the pursu- ing pack stopped to devour, while she pressed forward as rapidly as possible. The animals soon resumed the pursuit, and she threw down another fish, and again they stopped to make a quarrelsome meal. This operation was repeated at intervals until she reached her home. Ephraim Thomas was the name of the man who, when a babe, made this dangerous journey. He died in Greene, Maine, in 1849, at sixty- three jears of age. In 1792 Samuel Stanwood, who then lived on the site of the present residence of Mrs. Joseph McKeen, had a saw mill at Maquoit at which he worked during the day, carrying his dinner with him. One daj', desiring to accomplish all he could and not feeling verj'hungrj', he did not stop to eat the dinner which he had brought with him, but took it back with him when he started for home at night. When he reached Mair Brook, a wolf came out of the thicket, looked at him a moment, then went back and uttered his hideous yells, which soon brought four or five others of his species to the scene. Stanwood, finding he was pursued, threw out a handful of meat, and while the wolves were fighting over it he hastened forward, soon, however, to be over- taken bj' the animals, to whom he again threw fragments of food. This operation was repeated until, when nearly to his home, the last BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATVKES. 89 fragment of food was gone and the wolves were in hot pursuit of him. He screamed to his wife to open the door. Fortunately she heard him and flung open the door, just in time to secure his escape from the wild beasts at his heels. Mr. Dean Swift says that when he was a boy and living with his parents in the house which is now the residence of Mrs. Eodney Foi- saith, on Maine Street, he has many a night heard the wolves howling a short distance east of the house, in the woods which then extended to Federal Street. Reverend Samuel Veazie, in 1767, purchased the farm adjoining the old Harpswell Island Meeting-House, and cleared a place for the erection of his dwelling. Back of his house there was a dense growth of wood, and in this the wolves sometimes collected in large numbers during the winter season, making the night hideous with their howls. The wolves would remain on the island until just previous to the breaking up of the ice, when they would leave it for the mainland. It is stated that they never failed to make the removal before the breaking up of the ice, seeming in this matter to show an intelligence akin to reason. i Bears, never so troublesome as the wolves, have hardly been heard of within the limits of our three towns for many years. Some time in the last century Johnson Stover pastured hogs at Goose Island, and one day, hearing an unusual squealing, he found a bear holding one of the pigs in his paws, and occasionallj' nipping it with his teeth. Alcot Stover once, while lying on his bed, saw one looking in at the window, but before he could get his gun his wife accidentally fright- ened it awaj'. About 1 775 a woman, known as Granny Young, went to Bomazeeu Island after berries. After filling her dishes, she started for home, having only a stave for a paddle. Hearing a noise in the water behind her she turned, and saw that a large bear was swimming after the boat. She plied her awkward paddle as vigorously as possible, but the bear overtook the boat and attempted to upset it. She fought him with the stave, striking him upon the head and nose until he was stunned ; then she held his head under water until he was dead, when she towed him ashore. The latest appearance of bears in Harpswell, of which we have the date fixed, was in 1800, when three were killed on the farm now owned by W. S. Purinton. 1 Mrs. Price, ninety-two years old ; formerly a resident of the island. 90 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The common red deer must have been quite numerous in this region at the time of settlement. Even now they are occasional!}- met with. As late as 1858 two were seen in Brunswick, — one, a full-grown animal, at New Meadows ; the other, a fawn, on the old Freeport road. On Oct. 20, 1859, three were shot on Topsham Plains. Some sixteen years ago caribou were seen at the western border of Brunswick by several persons, and in two instances some pursuit was made. Eaecoons are still caught every year in one quarter or another of the town. A live one was found in the Factory yard in Brunswick in 1844. The wild-cat, though heard of occasionally in neighboring towns, has not been reported within our limits for many years. The " luci- fee " {loup cervier) , or Canada lynx, is believed still to haunt, occasion- ally, the extensive woods at the west of the town. Foxes are alternately numerous, then rare, and seem to be some- what migratory, according as mice, grouse, and hare are plenty. The rabbit exists in favorable situations through the towns, but is not common enough to do much damage to the crops. A few young trees are each spring found with the bark gnawed from the trunk near the ground, but this has usually been laid to the mice. Both the common and the star-nosed moles are occasionally met with, but are not sufficiently numerous, to be regarded in any degree a pest, as in some localities southward. Gray, red, and striped squirrels are frequent, but not troublesome. The flying squirrel is not often seen, but still haunts the old woods. The weazel is infrequent ; and its cousin, the mink, puts in an appearance in the vicinitj' of brooks with just sufficient frequency to incite the boys to unprofitable attempts at trapping. The muskrat seems equally, but sparingly diffused The skunk still taints the air with his mephitic odor each season, in manj' localities. Woodchucks are rare, but here and there a farmer complains of their ravages among his early bean-plants. BIRDS. Probably a list of the birds occurring in this vicinity, a century or two ago, would not differ from one of to-da}^ except in a few instances. It is certain, however, that certain species were vastly more numerous. The golden eagle is said to have been found upon our coast in the earlier days of its settlement ; but the bird is not now known here, even as a visitant. On the other hand, there is not, that we are aware, any evidence that the eider duck was found upon our shores a century since, while it is now quite regularly a winter sojourner. Yet the BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 91 seasons have not been growing colder, neither can we think them to have grown greatly warmer, though another bird associated with a higher temperature has become a habitue of this vicinitj-, as well as of other locahties in the State. It has been said that the Baltimore oriole was an unknown bird until within a few years, yet it may be that the change of the country by human occupancj^, rather than anj- change of climate, is the cause of its immigration. The scarlet tanager, also regardec} as an inhabitant of mild climates, is occasionally seen here as early as Maj-. Among winter visitants are the grosbeaks, — the pine and the rose- breasted, — the pine finch, the Arctic or snowy owl, the Canada jay, and perhaps one or two others. The common l)irds are, no doubt, the same here as in most other portions of the State. The cuckoo is said to have been unknown in Aroostook until within three or four j-ears. but here it has been observed for a generation, at least. It is, however, reported to have become more numerous in this vicinity of late. This, if a fact, may be owing to an increase of its insect food, for it is believed b}- some to feed largelj' on the caterpillar. Another bird, one of the woodpeckers, known as the sapsucker, has become rather rare of late j-ears, from the relentless war waged upon it bj* the guardians of 3'oung fruit orchards. The crow, the pest of cornfields, in scornful disregard of public opinion, persists in making itself very much at home among the farms. Hawks in the usual variety, though reduced in numbers, are found in all the more rural quarters of the towns. The several sorts of owls common in the State are met with here, their number in any locality seeming to depend more on the frequencj^ of hollow trees, which afford them congenial shelter, than on any other condition. The blue jay, eminent for its disagreeable voice, its striking appearance, and remarkable foresight, is a frequent inhabi- tant. Ruff'ed grouse (here commonly called partridges) are frequent, but not numerous. Wood^'ocks, from their retired habits, are an almost unknown bird to our people, yet are really much more plentiful than grouse. The plovers, sandpipers, snipes, and quails are not usu- ally numerous. Wild pigeons are frequent, but not to the hundredth part of their former numbers. Of the birds that seek the neighborhood of human habitations we have the usual variety, the common dove, three or more kinds of swal- lows, and the martin. The last has diminished in number, the others appear to have increased. The robin is, perhaps, more numerous than any other single variety. Others of this fapiily are the wood- thrush, whose vocal expression is the long, pensive, but musical 92 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HAEFSWELL. whistle and trill heard in almost every wood in earl}- summer ; and Wilson's thrush, which is less common. Another songster, the brown thrush, or the brown mocker, is found, it is "said, in only one locality of our towns, and this is in the western part of Brunswick. The song sparrow, that frequents cool ravines, and sings all through the season, and the white-throated sparrow, are familiar to the ears of our inhabitants, if not well known to the eye. The chickadee, or black-cap titmouse, and the kingbird, are also quite common. Some- thing like the last in appearance and voice is the kingfisher, present on most of our larger streams during the summer. About the marshes on these streams the great blue heron is some- times seen, but it is more frequent about the salt marshes and sea- shore. Around the sea-shore the coot is more numerous than any other of the large birds. Our water-fowl generallj' are not different from those found in other sections of the State. On our fresh-water ponds, as well as on the salt-water, are found in spring and autumn the wild goose, the black duck, teal, sheldrake, and merganser, while the wood-duck and the pintail or whistler, make their habitat all over our territorjr ; yet they are not abundant. There is a tradition that at the period of settlement, wild fowl sometimes congregated in certain localities in our vicinity in such numbers, and made so much noise in the night, that the settlers were unable to sleep until they had driven the intruders awaJ^ It is said that to accomplish this they sometimes found it necessary to fling firebrands among them. Merrj'meeting Bajr was formerlj"^ a great resort for wild geese. The middle portion of the bay was, at low water, a sand-bed covered with a species of reed, on the roots of which the geese were supposed to subsist from about the first of September until the extreme cold weather sent them southward. The loon is met with at the proper season ; the gulls and fish-hawks are quite common, and the white-headed eagle is frequently seen. Of ixsECTS, the chief food of our feathered friends, but often the bane of our orchards and growing crops, we probably have the same variety that is to be found in the rest of the State. Onr list of rep- tiles and AMPHIBIANS is not extensive. Turtles are not often met with, except the variety found in muddy ponds. Our serpents are the striped snake, the little brown snake, the green snake, the black snake, the milk snake, and the water snake. The water snakes are believed to have poison fangs ;^in regard to the brown and milk snakes we have no knowledge ; the others mentioned are not deemed venomous. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 93 The bnll-frog, pickerel-frog, and green frog inhabit all our fresh waters, and the leopard-frog is to be fonnd in the meadows, and the delicate, pale brown wood-frog is of frequent occurrence in our forests. The common toad is found in all cultivated lands, and tree toads in all our localities. There are few persons who have not listened to the multitudinous cr3- of the latter during hot summer nights. We have no lizards ; the creature sometimes called so is the sala- mander. There are several species, vavjing much in size and color. They are found only in moist places, while some are amphibious. Of CRUSTACEANS, our principal species are the lung crab (or horse- shoe), the common crab, and the common salt-water lobster, the last abundant and of well-known value. Our chief mollusks are the fresh-water clam (unio) and the vari- ous snails ; the common clam, abundant in our salt-water flats, and familiar as an article of diet; the hen, or sea clam, found only at unusually low tides ; and the quahaug, infrequent, except in Quahaug Baj', in Great Island. . Of the MARINE MAMMALS, the Seal is quite frequent in our bays, and sometimes ascends the rivers for short distances. In 1868, one was S3en near the Toll Bridge, and being pursued in boats, was captured near Cow Island. It weighed two hundred pounds. The porpoise is quite common, frequently disturbing the schools of various fish upon which the fisherman counts for his gain. Whales are rarely seen, but not unknown. The blackfish, or round headed dolphin, is common off" shore in its season. It was probably this species about which the Androscoggin Free Press gave the following account : — " On Monday, Oct. 6, 1828, a shoal of dolphins, called by the sailors ' blackfish,' seventy or eightj-^ in number, made their appear- ance near Orr's Island. The inhabitants, to the number of twenty- one men, in nine boats, armed with muskets and axes, went out to attack, and, if 'possible, catch them. After four or five hours of hard fighting they had been able to despatch but six or seven, but they had learned that the dolphins could be driven with as much facility as a flock of sheep. It was finally decided to attempt to drive them into a narrow cove which penetrated to the distance of a mile into the interior of Orr's Island, and which there terminated in a cir- cular basin. In this design they were successful. All of the boats pressed closely up'on their retreat and cut ofiT all possibiUty of escape. "Captain John Curtis, being in advance of the little fleet, caused his boat to be rowed alongside one of the largest dolphins, himself standing with one foot braced on the bows of the boat and the other 94 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. on the back of his antagonist. He had taken this position to make the attempt of splitting open the head of the fish ; but, the boat veering in its course, he must either fall into the water or jump upon the back of his intended victim. He did the latter, and in the next moment the company saw their gallant captain riding off astride upon the back of the dolphin. A full quarter of a mile was the hero thus borne over the water by this novel mode of navigation, when he safely alighted upon a vehicle of a more artificial construction. " Captain Curtis did not, however, like Arion, entertain his dol- phin with harmonious strains of godlike music. So far from this, in fact, he was constantly inflicting blows with his axe deeplj- into the monster's blubber. " As the tide ebbed away, the dolphins began to drag themselves heavily through the mud, and it became advisable to find some more expeditious way of destroying them. Before sunset the whole number were despatched. About one hundred and thirty barrels of oil were obtained from the fish, realizing about $2,000. "This singular fish is not the common dolphin, but the round- headed dolphin, being much larger. Those captured at Harpswell varied much in size. The largest was twenty-three feet long and eighteen feet in circumference. There were some that measured not more than six or seven feet in length. These were probably pups, as some of the females yielded large quantities of milk, resembling very much cow's milk." The FISHES, inhabiting the salt water of our baj-s and off our shares, are the cod, haddock, hake, pollock, cusk, mackerel, blue-fish, herring, menhaden or porgJ^ sun-fish, sword-fish, rock-cod, sculpln, ling, flounder, cunner, frost-fish, and tom-cod. Our fresh waters contain brook-trout, pickerel, perch, chub, sucker, bream or kiver, bull-head, and others of lesser note. Among the fish that frequent both the fresh and salt water are the smelt, alewife, salmon, ard sturgeon. In early times the last two were verj' abundant in the Androscoggin, but their number has greatly diminished. Since the construction of fishways in the dams a few years ago, there has, however been a manifest increase in the number of salmon, and it is to be hoped that by careful diversion from the waters of all matters deleterious to fishes, the river may again become abundantly stocked. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 95 GEOLOGICAL EEATXJEES.i The universal underlj-ing rock of this region, extending to unknown depths, is gneiss. This is easily distinguished from granite, which consists of the same minerals, — mica, quartz, and feldspar, — by its appearance of stratification. The laj-ers or strata of gneiss are curiously bent and twisted, as if, while in a soft and plastic condition, at some early period of the earth's history, they had been crumpled like pieces of cloth bj^ some gigantic force. This folding of the strata is well exhibited in a railroad ciit on the Topsham shore, near the Lewiston bridge. In general, however, they dip to the southeast. Intersecting these layers, in immense veins or dikes, is found the granite. The granite dikes have clearly been formed by the filling of vast chasms in the earth's crust, probably at a high temperature. Withstanding better the wear of time than the gneiss, these dikes now form prominent features of our landscape at Powder-House Hill and the hills of Topsham, and have been the cause of the rapids which furnish our villages with theii' magnificent water-power. The granite dikes are here an extensive source of building material, and, farther north, of the feldspar groundfor the glazing of pottery and the quartz crushed for sand-paper. In these dikes, too, are found the cr3-stals that have rendered the vicinity so famous for its mineral wealth. On Powder-House Hill and other places, and probably throughout the village of Brunswick, were it accessible, the surface of these hard and almost imperishable rocks is found deeply scored and furrowed in lines parallel with one another, and having the direction of northwest and southeast. These it is well known, and has been abundantly proved, have been formed by the action of an immense glacier which once extended over the whole northern part of the United States. Over four thousand feet in thickness, covering all but our highest mountains, as "Washington and Katahdin, this stream of soHd ice moved slowly southward with crushing force, grooving the surface, grinding down the hills, and transporting the huge bowlders that were, later, stranded in our fields. By this same agency were formed the deep fjords or inlets of our coasts and the islands that stud Casco Bay. Following the period of ice came a period of thaw. At the same 1 This description is Tjy Professor Carmichael of Bowdoin College, and though written with especial reference to Brunswick and Topsham, is undoubtedly equally applicable to Harpswell. 96 HISTORY OF BJiUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPkWJCLL. time the coast of Maine, which once had been higher than now above the ocean level, sank below its surface, and an arm of the sea flowed over the highest building sites of Brunswick. Then were deposited the beds of brick claj' which immediatelj- cover the solid rock and crop out at the brow of the "Hill." In sinking wells in different parts of the village, not unfrequently mussel-beds {Mytelus edulis) are met with in this day. Their perfec- tion and disposition prove that here they have lived and died. Other shells, as Leda truncata, which is not found to day south of Spitzbergen, attest to the coldness of the salt waters which then cov- ered the lowlands. Two bison teeth, a fragment of a walrus tusk, a large and curious tooth resembling that of the walrus, found in a clay bed of the same period at Gardiner by the late Mrs. Allen, and deposited in the Museum of Bowdoin College by Mrs. M. Allen Elton, prove at this early day, long before Adam walked the earth, strange beasts occupied the morasses and briny waters of the Kennebec and Androscoggin ■\alleys. At a later period, immense streams of water from the still melting ice flowed southward through the Androscoggin, forming the high ter- races of which six, one above the other, may be seen on the Bruns- wick, and two upon the Topsham shore. Then was deposited the expanse of sand forming the arid plain sur- rounding the village of Brunswick. Happy the agriculturist on whose land the Leda clay breaks through the barren terrace sand ! Ice, then, is the sculptor to whom we owe all the physical features of our vicinity. It carved out our hills, valleys, and river-beds ; brought bowlders and gravel from afar, and supplied the water which formed the terraces upon which the town of Brunswick has been built. MINERALS. This region is remarkably rich in the number of its minerals. The Attention of the Pejepscot proprietors was early attracted to this fact, and with prudent forethought they passed the following vote, Jan. 15, 1718: — "Voted, that if it shall so happen that there be an 3' Mine or Min- eral found out within any Proprietor's or Inhabitant's Lott ; that the Said Mine or Minerall shall be held in common to the Proprietors : The Person in whose Lott it shall fall to have the same Quantity of good land elsewhere." 1 ' Pejepscot Records. BOUND ABIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 97 The following list of the minerals of this region, and the localities where they are chiefly to be found, is furnished mainly by Professor Carmichael : — Feldspar is foiind in large and handsome crystals in Cobb's quarry. In Topsham, crystals a foot in diameter have been found in Sprague's quarry. Fine crystals of Amazonian spar from an old feldspar quarry are found on the banks of the Cathance River. Mica, Biolite, Phlozopite, in crystals, are found at the railroad cut near the upper bridge, and at the Tarbox quarry, Topsham. Near the Old Feldspar quarry slabs ha^'e been found a foot wide. Green mica is found at New Meadows. The green mica extensively exchanged by the late Professor Cleaveland was found in a bowlder near the river. Lepidolite is found at Topsham. Quartz. — At Sprague's quarry large crystals, and at the Old Feld- spar quarry crystals a foot in diameter are found. Decahedral quartz and smokj' quartz are found in various quarries. Beryl. — At Cobb's quarry, small but perfect crystals, with interest- ing pyramidal faces, are found in the railroad cut near the upper bridge. At Fisher's quarry, Topsham, crystals of a hundred pounds' weight have been found. The Emerald is said to have been found in a cut near the upper flshway, in Topsham. Garnet. — Small but fine crystals are found in Cobb's quarrJ^ A fine, perfect specimen, nearly as large as a man's fist, in the Museum of Bowdoin College, was found in Sprague's quarry. At Fisher's quarry are fine, large specimens. Large quantities of crystals, of medium color and large size, have been taken from a quarry near the road, beyond the Old Feldspar quarry. The most ordinary form is the ikositetrahedron modified by the octahedron and dodecahedron. Magnetite is found in many localities. Crystals over two inches in diameter have been taken from Sprague's quarry. Tourmaline. — Large masses are found at Rocky Hill. Fine, large, perfect hemimorphic crystals are found at Tarbox's quarrj', Topsham. Brown tdurmaline is found at New Meadows, near the railroad bridge. CoLUMBiTE. — Large and perfect crystals have been found at Fisher's quarry. One specimen weighed upwards of two pounds. It is found also at the railroad cut near the upper bridge. Galenitb and Iron Ptrites are found (good specimens) near Cathance River. Apatite is found near Cathance River, and crystals are also found at New Meadows, near the railroad bridge. 7 98 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. TiTAHiTE is found at Cobb's quarry, and small but fine crystals are found near Miss Nareissa Stone's house. Chloeite is found at Cobb's quarry. BiSMUTHENiTE is fouud at Fisher's quarry and at-Tarbox's quarry, associated with columbite. Amphibite is found at Sprague's quarry. Sphalenite is found at Cathance Eiver. M01.TBDENITE is found in tlie bed of the river near the Topsham paper mill, at New Meadows, and at the Old Feldspar quarry. GoHNiTE is found in a quarry near the road, beyond the Old Feld- spar quarry. The following minerals have also all been found in some one or •more of the three towns, though the exact locality we are unable to designate: Copper Pybites, Malachite, Calcite, Hematite, Cup- rite, Epidite, and Molybdite. TuNasTiTE is supposed to have been found, but it is not known with certainty. SOIL AND CROPS. The soil of Topsham is, for the most part, a light, sandy loam, with some clay at the northwestern and northeastern parts. In the main, it is tolerably productive. The best farms are on what is called the Foreside, and on Cathance stream. The soil of Brunswick varies from the sandy loam of the plains to a gravelly loam at the westward. Rich loams and heavy clays are found in a few localities. Peat has been found in the low ground east of Miss Nareissa Stone's house and has been used by her. The best farms were formerly ^ (and probably are now) at Middle Bay and Maquoit. The land is said, however, to have been much more fertile in former times than at present.^ Harps well can hardly be considered an agricultural town, though portions of it are very productive. Some excellent farms are to be found upon the Neck and upon some of the larger islands. The soil of the Neck is largelj- granitic rather than a gravelly loam, with small tracts of clay loam. On Great Island the soil varies from a hard, tenacious clay to a sandy loam, while in some localities are found a fine sand, and in others slaty and granitic soils. Most of the farms are equal to those on the Neck, being excellent hay and grazing land, while the higher parts are suitable for corn and wheat. Orchards do not flourish well. 1 McKean, MSS. Lecture. 2 Maine Historical Society Collection, 3, p. 318. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 99 Potatoes, barley, wheat, oats, and beans are the crops chiefly culti- vated hereabouts. The mode of cultivation has improved very much of late years from what it was in Revolutionary times, when people " banked up their corn very high, and placed their potatoes very deep in the ground, and raised but little of either." FLORA. The flora of this region is, in general, like that of other similar localities in the central and coast region of Maine. The description here given is confined solely to the trees found here. At the time of the first settlement the wood growth was very different from what it is now. At that time there is said to have been an oak grove where the depot now stands in Brunswick, and the plains were covered with a growth of beech, instead of pine as at present. Then the prevailing growths were of hard wood. Among the forest trees now commonly met with are the alder, beech, birch, cedar, fir, juniper (or hackma- tack), hemlock, four varieties of maple, two of oak, four of pine, and poplar, spruce, and willow. Those which are less commonly found are the ash, cherry, elm, horse-chestnut, larch, and arbor-vitse. CLIMATIC AND METEOROLOGICAL. The climate of this region is somewhat different near the sea-coast from that a few miles farther inland. In Harpswell, and around the bays of Brunswick, the temperature is as uniform as it usuallj^ is on the coast of Maine. Topsham, from its greater elevation, is cooler than Brunswick in the summer and, probably owing to its southern slope, is slight!}' warmer in the winter. The following meteorological statement is from the Annual Report for 1867, of the Smithsonian Institution : — " Between the years 1807 and 1859 inclusive, meteorological records were made with great regularity by the late Professor Parker Cleave- land, of Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine, and after his death were consigned to this institution for reduction and publication. The observations, though not intended by their author to be of a strictly scientific character, were yet found sufficiently valuable to warrant the expenditure of considerable labor in preparing them for the press. "The observ^ations were made at 7 a. m., 1 p. m., and 6 p. m., and relate to indications of the thermometer and barometer, direction of the wind, state of the weather, amount of rain and snow, character of clouds, occurrence of thunder-storms, fogs, frost and hail, earthquakes, auroras, etc. The observations present, during a period of 52 years. 100 HISTORY OF BRUNbWICK, TOPSHJM, AND HARPSWELL. a mean temperature of 44° 4' Fahrenheit, which reduced to the level of the sea becomes 44° 6'. " The lowest mean temperature for any year occurred in 1869 and was 40° 31', and the highest was in 1840, 51° 60', giving a range of 11° 29', which is considerably larger than at places farther south in the United States. "According to the average of 52 years, the warmest daj- falls on the 22d of July, or 31 days after the summer solstice, and has a mean temperature of 67° 7'. "The coldest day, on an average, is the 18th of January, or 28 daj's after the winter solstice, having a temperature of 19° 9' Fahrenheit. "On an average, the 20th of April and the 24th of October have the same temperature as the mean of the entire j-ear. The lowest record for the whole time is 30° below zero, and the highest 102° above. " The northwest wind on an average reduces the temperature 4° 6'. The north lowers it 3° 1', and the northeast 3° 8'. The southwest wind, on the contrary, elevates the temperature above its normal value, 2° 6'. In summer the effect of rain and fog is to lower the temperature 6° 5'. In winter, snow, sleet, or rain increases the temperature 4° 3'. From 64,097 observations, the following is the proportional number of winds in 1.000: — SOUTH. NOKTH. WEST. EAST. s. w. N. E. N. IT. 8. E. 29 40 51 29 311 143 320 77 " From this it results that the most frequent are the northwest and southwest, the former in winter and the latter in summer. " The least number of daj's in which rain fell was in February, the greatest in May. The greatest number of daj's in which snow fell was in January. The earliest snow occurred on the 26 th of September, 1808, and the latest on the 8th of June, 1816. On an average, snow falls in Brunswick on some day in May once in five years, and in October once every other year. The average number of rainy days is 64, the average number of snowy daj's is 30. "The average amount of rain and snow is 44.68 inches. The greatest amount of rain during any one day was 8^ inches, Novem- ber 4, 1845. The greatest fall of snow was on the 10th of March, 1819, and measured 30 inches. " The greatest number of rainfalls occur while the wind is from the BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 101 northeast, and the least number while it is from the west. The north- east wind in winter is almost constantly accompanied hj rain or snow, while in summer the southeast surpasses it as a vehicle of rain, — a result evidently due to the position of the place of observation with respect to the ocean. The number of storms of thunder and lightning recorded during 51 years is 472, or about 9 a year. The greatest number occurred in July and August, the least in January and Feb- ruary. The total number of fogs is 1,135, or 22 in a year, the most dense of which occur in summer, the least dense in winter. " Julj^ is the only month in which no frost is recorded. The ear- liest frost observed was August 3d and the latest June 19th. On an average, the spring frost ceases after the first week in June, and the autumn frost commences after the first week in September. "There were 34 hail-storms, — the greatest number in January, the least in August. The records notice the occurrence of 7 earth- quakes and 86 auroras, the greatest number of the latter in September and October. " The aurora also exhibits a maximum and a minimum. The maxi- mum occurred in 1808, 1818, 1830, 1838, 1848, 1857, giving differences of 10, 12, 8, 10, and 9 5'ears. This indicates an average period of about 10 years. "Unfortunately, the temperature of the barometer is not given, and therefore a reduction on account of the expansion of the mercury is not possible, and consequently the onlj^ use which has been made of the record has been to exhibit the monthly extreme values, together with their annual variations. The barometric maxima reach their greatest value in December, and their least value in June. The min- ima occur in August. The monthl}' range is the greatest at the period of greatest cold, in January, and the least range at the period of greatest heat, in July." The coldest season ever experienced here was probably in the winter of 1780-81. It was, however, nearly, if not quite, as cold in 1751. As early as January 14 of that year (1751), Parson Smith gives an account of an excursion he took with his wife and others from Fal- mouth to Bi-uuswick on the ice, "passing over Harrasicket Bay a-going, and venturing on their return to come directly from Brunswick across the Bay without Maquoit Island to New Casco,i and over thence to the Beach home." ^ In 1780 Casco Bay was frozen over as far into the 1 Near where the United States Marine Hospital now stands at Falmouth Foreside. 2 Smith's Journal. 102 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. sea as the island called the "White Bull, and was travelled upon from Harpswell to Portland. The mildest winter was that of 1838. On January 8, of this winter, David Johnson ploughed all day on Goat Island, Harpswell. Destructive gales and thunder-storms have not been of exceptional frequencj- in this vicinity. The earliest one of any severity, of which mention has been found, occurred June 29, 1809, when there was a violent thunder-storm. The Gun House was struck by lightning, which struck also in twelve other places in that vicinitj^. On June 7, 1814, about 8 a. m., there was heard a report in the air . resembling that of a gun, and gradually djing away. There was no storm at the time ; it was doubtless the bursting of a meteor. April 1, 1815, vari- ous sized balls of snow were found in the woods. Thej' were from less than one inch to fifteen inches in diameter, of an oval or globular shape, loose and uniform in texture, and very irregularly' distributed. The tracks could be seen where they had been rolled over the surface of the snow by the wind. On May 7 and 21, 1816, there were severe thunder-storms. On the latter date the storm was accompanied with hail, the form of which was very remarkable. The hail-stones were in hexangular pyramids, sometimes half an inch in length. In some the base was almost transparent. On August 6, 1834, there was a severe thunder-shower, during which the vanes on Professor Cleaveland's and Captain Given's barns were struck by lightning. August 20, 1835, there was a severe hail-storm, and hail-stones which measured three inches in diameter were picked up at Mustard's tavern. September 3, 1845, there was a violent thunder-shower, during which Common's Hall was struck by lightning. Maj- 6, 1850, there was also a violent storm. The lightning struck Captain Minot's buildings at Mair Point, and in several other places. February 18, 1853, probablj' the severest storm of all occurred. The lightning struck in over twenty different localities ; among others, Deacon Perkins's house on the island in Tops- ham. October 30, 1866, the steeple of the First Parish Meeting-House in Brunswick was blown off. In 1869, on September 7, a terrible gale began at seven o'clock p. M., and lasted for several hours. In the Lemont woods fourteen trees were blown down in one spot, and over two hundred trees were blown down in David Marriner's woods. A large number were also prostrated in Topsham. The depot woodshed in Brunswick, and two chimnej-s on the Medical College, were also blown over. A great deal of damage was done, of which the above constituted but a small portion. August 16, 1867, there was another severe storm. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 103 during which seven and one half inches of rain fell. Seventj-'five feet of an embankment on the Androscoggin railroad in Topsham was washed out. It was twentj^-flve feet deep. Julj' 15, 1868, a severe thunder-storm occurred, during which two houses and a barn in Brunswick, and an old wooden warehouse in Topsham, were struck by lightning. June 23, 1874, the .Jordan House in Brunswick was struck by lightning. Accounts have been preserved of some ten shocks of earthquake which have occurred here since the first settlement of Brunswick. The first and severest was the one which was felt throughout New England, and is called the " Great Earthquake." It happened on Tuesdaj', Nov. 18, 1755, at about a quarter past four o'clock a. m. The undulation of the earth's surface in this vicinity was so violent as to rock houses, and throw down chimnej'S, log fences, and crockery from the shelves. The chimnej' of Reverend Mr. Duulap's house fell in, and some of his children narrowly escaped injury. The inhabi- tants generally were greatlj' alarmed, and viewed the occurrence as an omen of evil. Reverend Mr. Dunlap preached a sermon with especial reference to this event. ^ The other earthquakes were much less severe, though some of them were sufHcient to cause a degree of trepidation amongst the timid. They occurred Nov. 22, 1755 ; June 12, 1805, at 7.30 a. m. ; June 26, 1808, at 2.51 p. m. ; Nov. 28, 1814, at 7 p. M. ; the oscillations moved from north to south, lasted fifty seconds, and were followed by an explosion ; May 23, 1817, at 3 p. m., — lasted one minute; March 7, 1823. at 10 a. m. ; July 25, 1828, at 6 A. M. ; Aug. 26, 1829, at 9 p. m. and at 9.15 p. m. ; and Oct. 17, 1860. 1 Pejepscot Papers. 104 mSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND SARFSWELL. CHAPTER II. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. The town of Brunswick first received its name legally, in the year 1717, when it was incorporated as a township. This name was prob- ably given to the town in honor of the house of Brunswick, to which family the then king of Great Britain belonged. The reason for this presumption is, that this town, being earlier settled and incorporated than any of the other nine or ten towns of the same name in the United States, could not have been named after either of them, and as there were, so far as known, no Germans among the earlier settlers here, it was hardly likely to have been named for the German city. UNDER COMMONWEALTH OP MASSACHUSETTS. [1717.] The vote of the General Court, constituting Brunswick a township, was passed on the third of May, 1717, and provided " That y" Land Plotted for a Town from Pejepscot Falls to Maquoit in Casco Bay be Constituted A Township to be laid out the Quantity of Six miles Square as the Land will allow & to be Called by the name of Brunswick to be forth-with Settled in a Defensible Manner." i This action of the General Court gave the settlers municipal rights similar to those of plantations of the present daj'. Thus, for instance, they held public meetings, raised money for their common welfare, and chose their own town officers. Records were kept by an officer styled the town clerk, who was the first time appointed by the propri- etors, and afterwards elected hy the people. On the second of May, of this year. Lieutenant Joseph Heath was chosen bj^ the proprietors "To be their Clark for the Town of Bruns- wick until the town is Qualified to make their own election and Sworn to the faithful Discharge of that Trust." ^ The first meeting of the inhabitants was held November 3, 1717. The first election of town officers was in March, 1719, when Captain John Gyles, Thomas Wharton, James Starrat, John Cochran, and ' Massachusetts Records, 1717. 2 Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BEUNSWICK. 105 Josepti Heath were chosen selectmen for the ensuing j-ear. Joseph Heath was also chosen clerk and town treasurer, and Peter Haines, constable. At a regular meeting of the inhabitants, held Maj' 8, it was voted to purchase a hos tnurus for the common benefit. It was also at this meeting voted, " That whereas Some of the Inhabitants of this Town have already Brought on Cattle & others expect to have some come before Winter, Therefore our first rate to our Minister shall be raised on Lotts & poles onley." i Other meetings were held at different periods, at which action was taken relating chiefly to the support of a minister. The doings of those meetings will be found in the chapter upon Ecclesiastical History. [1735. J In the year 1735 the inhabitants of Brunswick had become so numerous and felt so great need of a more perfect system in the management of their common concerns, that they made application to the government of Massachusetts for an Act of Incorporation, as a town. The petition was as follows : — "To His Excellency Jonathan Belcher Esq. Captain General and G-overnour in Chief. The Honourable His Majesties Councill, and the Honourable House of Representatives of his Majesties Province of the Massachusetts-Bay In New England In General Court assembled May 1735. "The Petition of us the Subscribers Inhabitants of the Town of Brunswick in the County of York Humbly Shewetli — That your Peti- tioners being arrived to a competent number to transact Town affairs & in Expectation of having others very soon added to us, having now a commodious Meeting -House chiefly erected at the charge of the Proprietors, and having also obtained a pious & othodox Minister to settle with us, we now flnd it necessary to be vested with Power to lay a Tax or assesment in order to raise money for his maintenance — Therefore your petitioners Humbly pray your Excelency and Honours that you will pleas to Erect us into a Township & vest us with the Power & authorities belonging to other Towns excepting only the Power of Granting & Disposing of Land, which we acknowledge to be in the Proprietors who placed us here — and your Petitioners as in Duty bound Shall ever pray &c." ^ This petition was signed by John Rutherford, Anthony Vincent, James Dunning, David Dunning, Richard Flaherty, — an Irish school- teacher, — James McFarland, James Carter, William Gibson, Andrew ' Brmimick Records, in Pejepscot Collection. 2 Pejepscoc Papers. 106 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Dunning, Ebenezer Stan wood, Samuel Stan wood, David G-iveen, James Henry, William Spear, John Giveen, Robert Giveen, Thomas Neal, Thomas Washburn, Samuel Lindsey, Reverend Robert Ruther- ford, Benjamin Larrabee, Samuel Clarke, Nehemiah Giffen, — a stranger, — Robert Spear, Sr., Robert Spear, Jr., Robert Dunlap, William Woodside, Jonathan Dunlap, John Linsay. The legislature, June 20th of this same 5^ear, granted the request of the petitioners and enacted a bill in accordance therewith. This bill for some reason, however, failed to receive the signature of the gov- ernor, and did not therefore take effect.^ [1737. J On the 25th of May, 1737, another petition for incorpora- tion was presented to the General Court, by Benjamin Larrabee. in behalf of the inhabitants of Brunswick, which set forth the reasons urged in the former petition and stated the fact of a bill having been enacted, which had failed to be valid on account of its wanting the governor's signature. The prayer of this petition was granted in the House of Representatives on the 24th of June, and concurred in by the Senate three days later. A bill was accordingly prepared, and at the next session of the General Court, January 26, 1738-9, the follow- ing Act was passed, and received the sanction of the governor : — "ACT OF TNCOEPOEATION OF BRUNSWICK. ANNO BEGNI KEGIS GEOEGIJ SECUNDI DUODBCIMO. AN ACT For Erecting a Township la the County of York by the Name of Brunswick. " Wliereas there is a Competent Number of Inhabitants already set- tled upon a Tract of Land lying within the County of York hitherto called and known by the name of Brunswick containing the Quantity of about six miles square and lying convenient for a Township ; and whereus said Inhabitants have humbly petitioned this Court, that in order to provide a Suitable Maintenance for the Minister Settled among them, they may be Erected into a Township, and vested with the Powers and Authorities belonging to other Towns. Therefore for encouragement of the said settlement "£e it Enacted by his Excellency the Governor, Councill and Repre- sentatives in General Court assembled, and bj' the authority of the Same. That the said Tract of Land described in a Plat now returned to this Court as follows : — ' ' Beginning at the mouth of a brook or Rivulet called Bungamunga- 1 P^epscot Papers. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 107 nock, running into Maquoit Bay where it touches upon North Yar- mouth line, and from the mouth of said Brook to run upon a course north northwest, half westerly five miles into the wilderness leaving a wedge or strip of Land between said line and NoTth Yarmouth,i and from thence upon a course northeast four miles to the Second Falls of Amascoggin alias Androscoggen River from thence down said River by Fort George, and down Merry Meeting Bay so far as Stevens car- rying Place including several small Islets lying in said River above Said Carrying Place, and over said Carrying Place to the head of the Creek or River that runs up to the other side of the said Carrying Place, thence down said creek or River to the mouth thereof, includ- ing an Island therein, and from the mouth of said River to run by the Waterside southwesterly to the Southwest point of a place called the New Meadows, thence to strike across the cove upon course north northwest, till it meets and intersects the upper end of Merryconeag Neck four rods above the Narrows of said Neck, commonly called the carrying place, thence to run along the Shore to a Neck of Land called Mair point, about a mile and a quarter down said Neck, thence to cross over said Mair point and Maquoit Bay, upon a course north- west till it comes to the place first above mentioned, be and henceforth shall be a Township to be called Brunswick and the Inhabitants thereof shall have and enjoy all such immunities, privileges and pow- ers as Generally other Towns in this Province have and do by Law enjoy : — "This Bill having been read three Several times in the House of Representatives Pass'd to be Enacted. "[Signed] J. Quinct, Speaker. "This Bill, having been read three several times in Council, Pass'd to be Enacted. '• [Signed] Simon Frost, DepHy Sec'ry. "By his Excellency the Governour. I consent to the Enacting this Bill. "[Signed] J. Belchee. "Jan''. 26, 1738, Copy Exam'^- " [Signed] Simon Feost, DepHy Sec-ry." Brunswick thus became the eleventh corporate town in Maine. At the same time that the foregoing was passed, the General Court also 1 Known as the " Gore." 108 HlilTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HASPSWELL. passed an Act authorizing and empowering Benjamin Larrabee, Esquire, " to warn the Inhabitants of said Town, qualifyed by Law to vote in Town affairs, to assemble and meet together in some Sutable Place on the first Monday of March next, to choose a Moderator, Town Clerk, and other Town Officers for the year then next ensuing." The date of the incorporation of the town, it will be noticed, is given as Jan. 26, 1738. This is according to the old method of reckoning time. The date, according to the new style, would be Feb. 4, 1739.1 [1739.] There were six town meetings in 1739. The first meet- ing of this year, and the first under the Act of Incorporation, was held March 28th. At this meeting the following officers were cho- sen : — Samuel Hinkley, Moderator and Town Clerk; Captain Benjamin Larrabee, Samuel Hinkley, John Getchell, James Dunning, and David Dunning, Selectmen ; John Malkeon, John Barrows, Con- stables ; Thomas Washburn, William Vincent, Samuel Whitney, and James Howe, Tj'thing-Men ; Captain William Woodside, Wimond Bradbury, John Whitney, and Joseph Berry, Surveyors of High- ways ; Robert Spear and Cornelius Thompson, Fence-Viewers ; James Thompson, Town Treasurer ; John MacGregor and John McFarlin, Hog Constables ; Israel Mitchell and William Spear, Field- Drivers. One hundred and fifty-three pounds and fifteen shillings were voted for town expenses for the year. At this meeting John Getchell, Robert Spear, Samuel Clark, James Thompson, Benjamin Parker, and Thomas Skolfleld were chosen a committee to laj^ out highways for the conven- ience of the town. Some proposition looking to the extermination of, or protection from wolves was doubtless made, as the town this year voted, " That the wolves should be left till further consideration." In July it was voted, " That the Minister Shuld Preach att y" South- east end of S* Town (att a place eal'^ Newmedows) according to what Rates and taxes they shall Paj^ towards the Support of the Ministrj' it being agreed upon by the whole Town." Against this action of the town, however, a protest was entered by Benjamin Whitney, Jean Brown, and William Woodside. A meeting held December 25th elected Captain Benjamin Larrabee a representative " to go to answer the presentment commenced against this town at the general Sessions of the Peace." It does not, however, ' Town Records, Vol. 1; aJ,ao Pejepscot Papers. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 109 appear from the records what was the nature of the action against the town or by whom it was brought. Possibly it may have been in con- sequence of their being no provision made that year for a school, as . the law was then obligatory upon all towns to make such provision. On May 30, of this year, the inhabitants of Mair Point petitioned the General Court, since one half of that point was within the bounds of the township of North Yarmouth and was twenty-five miles distant from the meeting-house in that town, by land, and ten miles distant by sea, with two dangerous bays to be crossed, and since the north- erly portion of the point was but two miles distant from Brunswick, that they might be set off from North Yarmouth and annexed to the town of Brunswick. An Act was passed, granting this privilege, which took effect, October 2d following. [1740. J The total appropriation for defraying the expenses of the town in 1740 was £248 16s. Od. Of this amount £150 was for the salary of Reverend Mr. Rutherford, and £80 for support of a school- master, leaving but £18 for contingent expenses. It was also voted this year to raise £200 as a settlement for Mr. Rutherford, " if he Uves and dies minister of Brunswick," and a little more than one fourth of this amount was to be raised that year. The town voted not to send any representative this year to the General Court, and also voted to allow hogs to run at large, provided they were properly j'oked and ringed. Harpswell Neck was this year set off from North Yarmouth and annexed to Brunswick as an " adjacent," i but was soon after set back again. [1742.J There were five meetings of the town this year. At the annual meeting in March, £246 was raised for current expenses, £150 of which was for the support and £66 for the settlement of the min- ister. At a meeting held May 15th, Mr. Henry Gibbs, a freeholder and resident in town, was admitted as "an inhabitant thereof," and he was, at the same meeting, elected to represent the town at the General Court. This action was evidently not the will of a majority of the voters of the town, as another meeting for the choice of a represent- ative was held on the 29th of June, and " it being put to vote whether to send one or not it was passed in the negative." Several matters pertaining to the vacant lands came up for discus- sion this year, and at a subsequent meeting it was voted, " That all 1 Massachusetts Records, 1740, p. S51 ; also 303. 110 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM,' AND HARPSWELL. the vacant Land one the east side of the Maine Rode that huts one Brunswick falls Euning from s* falls a Lonng the Shore till it corns to the south corner of the Cove near s* falls thence running a south Corse to the Rode that Leades to the Landing place ; to lay common for convenency of Landing botes and cornews [boats and canoes] and for the Uce of the Inhabetence of the Town of Brunswick forever." It was also, at the same meeting, voted " that all that corner of vacant land from the southwest corner of Fort George, thence running a west course till it comes to the river, thence down said river till it comes to the main road, thence along said road to the place of begin- ning," be left in common for the privilege of a grist mill and "for the Uce of the Inhabatence of the Town of Brunswick forever." The. selectmen this year petitioned the General Court for an abate- ment of the tax assessed upon the town. The reasons for this request are best given in the petition itself, which is as follows : — "To HIS EXCELLEiSrCY JOHNATHAN BbLCHBR EsQ". CaP'^. GbNBRALL AND GOV- brnour in cliibf, the honourable his majesties councill and the Honourable House oe Representatives of his Majesties Province or the Massachusetts Bay in New England in Gen'brall Court assembled May, 1741. "THE PETITION OP US THE SUBSCRIBERS SELECTMEN OP THE TOWN OP BRUNSWICK IN THE COUNTY OP YORK. Humbly Sheweth. ' ' That the Great and Generall Court were pleased to la}^ a tax of Thirty pounds (New tenner) upon the town of Brunswick which they are veiy unable to pay, and the Constables of S* Town has Collected but a veiy small part by reason of their great povertj', for the Greater part of the Settlers have not been able, (as yet) to pay for their lots of land of one Hundred Acres Each which they have taken of the Pro- prietors tho at a Reasonable price, for the best lots do not exceed five shillings per acre, & other lots not above half so much, & tho some have lived upon S* lots, more than ten years, & some near twenty, yet by Reason of our Great Poverty & being often allarmed with the Rumour of Warr, & being often disturbed by the Insulting Indians, and raway times are oblidged to Garrison our houses, which is very expensive, and always obliged to be well provided with arms & ami- nition, or Retire, to other places of Safety with our familys & Cattle, & so oblidged to neglect our Husbandry whereby our famil3's have greatly sufered & have been Impoverished, and many families not being able to raize their own Provisions, are beholden to other parts of the Province for them, & in these times of rumour of Warr do the MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. Ill duty of Souldiers, in Defending ourselves & neighbours, we being a frontier town, & so of service to the Province, the fort being Remote from the greatest part of the Inhabitants whicli Cant be avoided, for the benefit of Husbandrj', which Fort is a Great terror to the Indians and keeps them in some aw, yet they oftentimes Insults us in our private houses & when they are in any want of victuals, the}- kill our Cattle, which keeps us under fears & Discouragements, therefore your Peti- tioners Humbly praj' that this Honourable Court would take the premisses into your wise Consideration and abate the tax laid upon the town of Brunswick for the j^ear 1740, and Excuse S'' Town from paying Province taxes, for some time to come whicli will greatly incourage the Inhabitants to settle the remote parts of the Province where they can at present, (but with Great Difficult}') get a living, & Defend themselves & neighbours in these Exposed parts, tho the Greater part of the Inhabitants are not able to paj- for the lots of land the}- are settled upon, The Honourable Courts compassion will greatly Incourage the Eastern Settlements, & by the smiles of Heaven, in a few years, maj"^ become a usefull part of the Province and by their Industry enabled cheerfully to pay such rates & taxes as shall be laid upon them for the future, and as in Duty bound your Peti- tioners shall ever pray.^ " Sam'-'- Hinckley. I Egbert Speer. \ SeUctmen." David Duning. j [1742.1 The town in 1742, for the first time, sent a representative to "the Great and General Court," and David Dunning was elected to fill the office. [1743. J Two boards of selectmen were chosen in 1743. At the annual meeting held in March, Isaac Snow, Samuel Hinkley, and Wj-mond Bradbury were chosen selectmen. There was some informal- ity, however, about this meeting, A protest was made against it as illegal, by Captain "William Woodside, James Dunning, Robert Finney, Robert Spear, David Dunning, David Giveen, and Samuel Clark, and the General Court ordered another meeting to be held on the 30th of August. This latter meeting " being purged of all illegal voters," an election of town officers was had, and Captain John Mlnot, Eben Stan- wood, and James Dunning were chosen selectmen and David Dunning, representative. At this meeting Wymond Bradbury was authorized to provide a pair of stocks for the town. 1 Pejepscot Papers, original document. 112 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The decision of the General Court in regard to the illegality of the first meeting was based on the fact that the meeting was not legally warned, and that the assessors were not under oath when they took the valuation of the town.' [1744. J The Court of General Sessions for the County of York, having decided that the special meeting of the town, held by order of the General Court in August, 1743, was likewise illegal, a new elec- tion was ordered and had, January 17, 1744, at which a new board of town officers was chosen to serve out the unexpired portion of the fiscal 3'ear. Thomas Skolfield, Ebenezer Stanwood, and James Dun- ning were elected selectmen. At the annual meeting in March, a new board of selectmen was chosen for the ensuing year. No representative to the General Court was chosen. A committee was chosen at this meeting, to examine all the accounts of the town since its incorporation, and to settle all its affairs, and it was voted to raise no monej' for town purposes until the committee had reported. The committee were Deacon Samuel Hink- ley, Captain William Woodside, James Thompson, and Robert Finney, and they were authorized to call in to their assistance, if necessary, Mr. Samuel Dinne (Denny?), of Georgetown. This committee, in December, brought in a full and detailed report of all monej's which had been received by the town treasurer, and of what had been dis- bursed by him, together with a statement of what was due the town from all sources ; with recommendations for the payment of various sums claimed from the town for services rendered, etc. Among these items was one of six pounds due Deacon Samuel Hinkley " for ten days going after a minister to supply the town,'' and another of £3 10s. for a "constable's staff." The report of the committee was accepted. At a special meeting of the town in May, a committee was chosen to secure " a schoolmaster upon as reasonable terms as possible." At this meeting Deacon Samuel Hinklej' was chosen "a commissioner to appear at the Great and General Court held at Boston, to prefer a petition or petitions in behalf of the town." He was to receive his instructions from a committee consisting of the selectmen, and David Dunning, Ebenezer Stanwood, and Robert Finne3\ His compensation was to be 12s. per daj' and £5 for expenses. For what object a petition was to be presented does not appear from the records. It was, however, in all probabilitj^, in reference to an unfortunate differ- ' Massachusetts Records, 1743, p. 99. MUNICIPAL HISTOliT OF BRUNSWICK. 113 ence that had arisen between the town and the proprietors. The lat- ter were exempt from taxation, and refused to assist in making tlie county roads which passed through their lands. i The result was that the passions of the people were excited in relation to the matter, and the town, believing that unoccupied land might be taken and sold for public purposes, very injudiciously granted one hundred acres of land each to Deacon Samuel Hinkley, Timothy Tibbets, Cypron Cornish, and Aaron Hinkley, it being stipulated in each grant, "Provided, that he make improvement on said land in defiance of the proprietors, Henry Gibbs & Company, and begin said settlement in three years from date hereof by building, fencing and improving, except he or they (his heirs) be put off by an enemy." This trouble between the town and the proprietors was after some years amicably adjusted. The taxation bore so heavily upon the people at this time that the town voted not to exempt even the "listed soldiers of the inhabe- tence" from payment. [1745. J The town this year voted to p&y an annual salary of fifteen shillings to the town treasurer, as a compensation for his services. The committee appointed in 1744 to receive the town moue}^ from the constables, and to settle all the accounts of the town, having made no report of their doings subsequent to the report of December of that j'ear, the selectmen were directed to call them to an account, and to ascertain what money had been received and disbursed by them and what remained due to the town, and to report at the next town meeting. [1746. j The selectmen were unable to make any settlement of the financial aflfairs of the town with the committee who had been appointed as receivers, and accordingly in February, 1746, " Robert Finney was elected a Commissioner to the next Court of General Ses- sions in order to get the Report of the Committee chosen to end all debates and adjust all accounts appertaining to the town since it has been erected into a town." Finney was to be allowed twelve shillings per day for his services. The purpose for which he was appointed, as stated in the vote of election given above, may have been, to obtain a writ of mandamus against the town committee to compel them to do their dut^^ or it may have been to have a decision upon the merits of the question made by the Court. At this same meeting, David Dunning was elected a commissioner to appear at the General Court in Boston, to prefer a petition in 1 Fejepscoi Papers. 114 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. behalf of the town. He was to receive his instructions from a com- mittee consisting of Robert Spear, David Givecn, and Robert Finney, and was to receive £5 for his services and to be allowed £4 for his expenses. In the absence of any evidence in the matter, it is to be presumed that the object of the petition was the same as of the one presented the next year, and that, for some reason, this petition was never presented, or if presented was not acted upon. The town also voted at this meeting to raise no money for current expenses, until that already assessed had been paid in by the consta- bles to the receivers appointed by the town. [1747.] At the annual meeting in March, 1747, the town voted " to apply to the General Court for protection " against the Indians, and David Dunning was chosen to prepare a petition in behalf of the town, under instructions from Ebenezer Stanwood, John Getchel, and Thomas Skolfleld. He was to receive £9 for his services. This petition was, in all probability, favorably considered by the General Court, as the whole region from Wells to Topsham was at this time infested with savages.^ At all events, it was either considered and acted upon, or else previous action on the matter had already been taken, for in May following, Captain Jordan was stationed at Topsham with thirtj' men. 2 [1748.] The town, at its annual meeting in March, 1748, voted to send a petition, signed by the selectmen in behalf of the town, to the General Court, requesting to have Western men sent there for soldiers, instead of calling upon the inhabitants of Brunswick and its vicinity. The financial affau-s of the town were still in an unsettled condition, and consequently a committee was chosen at a special town meeting held in May, " to shew^ the Receiver and Treasurer that refuse to pay in the town's money according to vote of the town, and said com- mittee is instructed to make up accounts with all or any person who have an}' legal demands on the town." The town, moreover, at this meeting chose Deacon Samuel Hink- ley. Lieutenant Ebenezer Stanwood, and Robert Finney a committee to appear in behalf of the town at the quarter sessions for the county of York, to be held in October following, " to reco^'er the town's legal debts and prosecute any person in whose hands the town's money may be found not paid out in the town's legal debts." In October of this year the selectmen assessed £50 on the citizens as a town fund, and to paj' a premium for wolves' heads. 1 Wllliamaon, History of Maine, 2, p. 252. ^ Smith's Journal, p. 129. 3 i. e., to instruct. MvmciPAL HisTonr of Brunswick. 115 [1749. J The town, at a special meeting in January, 1749, ap- pointed P:nsign William Vincent to inspect the fishery at Brunswick and to regulate the same according to instructions from the selectmen. A proposition was also made at this time to petition the General Court for the annexation to Brunswick of the precinct of Topsham. The question was laid on the table for consideration at a future meet- ing. [1750. J At the annual meeting in March, 1750, the lown voted a present of £40, old tenor, to Reverend Mr. Dunlap, and voted to take up a contribution four times a year for the support of the Widow Mitchell. In May the town voted to raise £40,' laviful money, for Reverend Mr. Dunlap. £26 13s. 4d. of this amount was to pay his salary and the balance to be a gratuity. It was also voted to raise £21 6s. Od., lawful money, of which £13 6s. 8d. was for Mr. Dunlap's settlement, £5 6s. M. to make good the town stock of ammunition, and £2 13s. Ad. for other town expenses. The town declined this year to raise anj- money for a schoolmaster. [1751.] At a town meeting in February, 1751, a committee was appointed to have the care and control of the common lands of the town, with authority to assess damages upon trespassers and to prosecute all such claims should recourse to law become necessary. It was also voted to add £13 6s. Sd. lawful money, to the salarj' of Reverend Mr. Dunlap, "providing he will take his pay in such specie as the town can pay him in at the market price, otherwise Mr. Dunlap must adhere to his first agreement with the town.'' A bounty of £1 was offered by the town for each wolf killed by traps or pits within the limits of the town. It was also voted to raise £40, lawful money, in such specie as the town can produce in lumber, at the market price, and also to raise £8 in cash, to pay the minister's salary, £3 6s. 8d. for "Granny Mitchell," and £4 13s. id. for town expenses. [1762. J At the annual town meeting £4 was voted to Robert Smart " for building a pair of stocks and whipping-post at our meeting house." This year the town records begin to be double dated, in conse- quence of an Act of Parliament adopting the new style of reckoning time. As the difference between the old and new methods of reckon- ing time is now so generally understood, it is unnecessary here to enter into any explanation of the matter. The records appear to be double dated from the first, but this is probably due to the interpola- tion of the second dates by some later town clerk. The previous 1 1 6 BISTOBT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. dates in this book have all been old style, but what follow will all be according to the new stjde. [1753.] At the annual town meeting in March, 1753, a vote was passed to petition the General Court for power to tax the lands in town belonging to non-resident proprietors, unless thej- should speedil}' grant some satisfactory assistance to the inhabitants to enable them " to finish the Meeting house, settle the Minister and defray other publick charges." This vote was reconsidered at the October meeting, and it was then voted to delay action upon it until the following spring. At this October meeting Captain David Dunning was appointed a commissioner, in be'half of the town, to join the other towns in the county in signing a petition to have the county divided. The town also voted to raise £10, in lawful money, for a supply of ammunition and £20, old tenor, for the relief of Widow Mitchell. The ratable polls in Brunswick at this time were about eighty. ^ [1754. J The town, in 1754, voted to raise £55 for current expenses, " to be paid in lumber landed in Boston on or before September 1st." At the annual meeting in March, the question of taxing the lands of non-resident proprietors again came up, but the town then voted not to petition the General Court, at that time, for power to assess these lands, on account of the anticipation of a war. In September, however, the town voted that their representative should prefer such a petition to the General Court, and suitable instructions were accord- ingly given, October 1st, to John Minot, Esquire, by a committee con- sisting of Samuel Hinkley, David Dunning, James Thompson, and Samuel Stanwood, who were appointed for that purpose. Those instructions were, in brief, that he should, with the assistance of an able lawyer, draw up a petition to the General Court, in which it should be stated that the town had undergone much difficulty and its settlement been retarded by reason " of the wars and incursions of the enemy " ; that the town had not equal privileges with other towns, which could sell or grant vacant lands for public uses, whereas those who were settled upon lands derived from proprietors could not do so. For this reason, the petition was to state further that the town prayed " for power to rate the non-resident Proprietors' land for the sum of £200 for the following uses." 1 . For finishing the -meeting-house. 2. J^or the settlement of their minister. 3. For establishing a school in the town. ^ Memorandum on cover of Brunswick Records, in Pejepscot Collection. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 117 4. To help clear and keep good the county road through the proprie- tors' lands ; which, " if it should be insisted upon to make it a complete road would take the bigger part of said mone.y." The representative was also instructed that in case the proprietors would give security for the payment of £100 for the above-mentioned uses, he was authorized to withdraw his petition.^ [1755. J In 1755 the town passed the following votes : — To pay John Orr £1, lawful money, " for collecting the Province rate at Topsham for 1752," and to pay William Spear an annual salary of 6s. " for sweeping the meeting-house, locking doors, and taking care of the ke3^" The town decided not to petition the General Court for the annexa- tion of Topsham this j-ear. The vote of the town in 1744, in regard to taxing soldiers, seems not to have been fully enforced, as instructions were this year given to the former constables of the town to proceed according to law to collect the taxes which had been assessed upon the officers and soldiers belonging to Fort George. Against this action of the town Johu Orr, John Smart, James Ellet, Samuel Clark, and Thomas Skolfleld ■entered their dissent and protest. The selectmen this year sent the following petition to the General Court, applj-ing for military relief: — "PROVINCE OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY. " To HIS Excellency William Shirley Esq. Captadst General and Com- mander IN Chief of said Province, The Hon""-" His Majbstys Coun- ciLL, and House of Representatives in General Court Assembled August ll^" 1756. THE MEMORIAL OF THE SELECTMEN OF THE TOWN OF BRUNSWICK Humbly Sheweth, " That in Consequence of a Memorial presented to this Court at their Sessions in May last representing the exposed circumstances of said Town b}- reason of the Enemy, this Hon* Court was pleased to order 14 men out of Capt. Samuel Goodwin's Company to scout on the back of the Inhabitants from Fort George to Maquoit untill the further Order of this Court ; the Benefltt of which they enjoyed but a very short time, not more than two weeks, when the aforesaid Order was superceeded on the Petition of Thomas Hancock Esq and others and 1 Pejepscot Papers. 118 mSlOR^ OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. on the 7th July it was ordered by this Court that said 14 men be returned to said Company again by which means the Inhabitants at this Critical Season of their Husbandry are greatly exposed to the Incursions of tlie Indian enemy. As the former Memorial was in behalf of a Garrison situate near the meeting house on the main road from Maquoit necessary for the entertainment of Expresses, or any other Travellers in time of Warr kept by M.' Robert Speer who is greatly advanced in age, and very decrepid, the support of which Garrison would be a kind of Barrier to the Inhabitants, and a great Security to the House of Publick Worship, these & many other rea- sons that might be urged in favour of said Garrison, induced your Memorialists then to apply to this Hon" Court for such Relief as should in their Wisdom seem meet. "And we now again humbly apply ourselves to this Hon* Court in behalf of said Town, and the afore"* Garrison that they would be pleased to give such further Direction for their Relief as that they may be enabled to pursue their Husbandry without that Danger to which thej' might otherwise be exposed. " And your Memorialists as in Duty bound Shall ever pray &c.i " Thomas Skolfield, > Selectmen of Sam'l Stanwood, ) Brunswick." [1757. J In February, 1757, John Getchell and Captain David Dunning were appointed commissioners " to represent to the Colonel of this Regiment the difficult circumstances of this town, and to try for an abatement of the men he has sent for.'' This regiment was Colonel Ezekiel Cushing's at Falmouth.^ The first set of weights and measures for sealing purposes was pur- chased this j'ear. The number of polls in Brunswick at this time was ninety-two, and in the adjacent region it was eighty-one, of which number thirty-two were in that portion of Harpswell included within the boundary lines of North Yarmouth and Brunswick, and forty-nine were in Topsham.^ [1758. j This year the selectmen were instructed by the town " to acquaint the Honorable Board for levelling the province tax, concern- ing the adjacents that are taken of us." Harpswell was this year incorporated as a distinct town. [1760.] In compliance with an order of the General Court, a com- mittee was chosen by the town, in 1760, to communicate to the session ' Pejepscot Papers. ^ Massachusetts liecords, Vol.21. ^ Pejepscot Papers. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. ■ 119 of the legislature to be held in Boston, on the first Tuesday of Way, 1761, their desire that Brunswick might be comprehended in the new county of which it was desired that Falmouth might be the shire town. The various petitions sent in had the desired effect, and on June 19th, of this year, the county of York was divided into three counties, the most western one retaining the name of York, and the other two being named Cumberland and Lincoln, of which, the latter was the most eastern. The dividing line between these two last commenced at the mouth of the New Meadows River, extended up that river to Stevens's Carrying-Place at its head, thence to and upon Merry- meeting Bay, and up the Androscoggin thirty miles. Owing to this division, Topshara came into Lincoln Countj'. It was voted this year that hereafter the eastern and western por- tions of the town " repair their own roads, and that the eastern end of the great pitch pine plains be the partition between each end of the town." Three shillings per daj- was allowed for men, and two shillings for each yoke of oxen employed upon the roads. £26 13s. 4d. was raised this year for the schoolmaster, and £45 for a town stock of ammunition. [1761. J John Minot was requested by the town this j-ear to urge upon the General Court the propriety of taxing the lands of non-resi- dents, but he was unable to accomplish anything, because, as he says in a letter to " Gentlemen and neighbors," dated May 22, " upon the Carpet there was nothing but the Bloody Sword drawn forth by our bitter enemys & no man living then could give any judgment where or how things would end."^ The petition of the selectmen in 1760, desiring the General Court to include Brunswick in the new county to be established, was consid- ered in council, June 16, and dismissed, it appearing that the whole town was already in the county of Cumberland. ^^ [1762. J A petition from a number of the residents at New Meadows, for separation from the western part of Brunswick, was this year presented to the General Court, and the following letter was sent to the proprietors : — " Boston, May y' 14", 1762 " Gentlemen " 1 with a number of the Inhabitanee of Brunswick Have Pettitioned the Court to have that Part of said town Called New Meadows, made ^Pejepscot Papers. ^Ibid. 120 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSEAM, AND HAEPSWELL. into a seperate Distrect — for we find by Longe expereance that it is Imposable for us to Injoj* the preaching of the Gosple while togather — We likewise want to be Joyned to the Lower County as we can then attend Court with Greater ease and less Charge — as we have had our Lands from you, gentlemen, and as I Have endevored to serve the Intrest of your Company so far as it was in my power ; and am ready still to do so — and tho' it was but Lettel I Could or Can do to serve you — yet Gentlemen I have some reason to Hope that you will look on my Honest Intentions to serve you to be equal to the thing, shall therefore request of you Gentlemen who have a Seat in the general Court to use your Intrest in favor of said Pettition, and you Gentlemen that Have no Seat in that Honourable House, I must also beg of you not to say anything to its predigue. In the mean while Gentlemen I remain " Your most obedient Humble Servant " AaEON UlNKLEY.l "To Belcher Notes Esq. Clerk of the Pejepscot Company to be communicated " [1763. J The town in 1763 again voted to petition the General Court to have the lands of non-resident proprietors taxed, and also that this petition should be signed by the selectmen and town clerk, and that some gentleman in Boston should be employed to present it and to speak in behalf of the town. It was also voted to set off and sell thirteen pews on the floor, and sixteen pews in the gallerj', of the west meeting-house, •• the oldest inhabitants that have no pews to have the preference in buj'ing said pews," and the proceeds of the sale to go towards defraying the expenses of repairing and fi.nishing the meeting-house. [1766. J January 13, 1766, John Miller, his wife Jane, and his daughter Margret, and their families, were warned to leave town, in accordance with law, to prevent the possibility of their coming upon the town for assistance. Since this was, doubtless, the Reverend Mr,. Miller who was settled three or four years before over the First Parish, it shows that the town paid no respect to persons in this matter, but served all alike who had no visible pecuniary means of support. This law was enforced here as late as 1792. [176 7. J The town this year voted to pay Mr. Hunt three dollars for building a new pair of stocks. This is the first mention made of dollars in the town records. 1 Pejepscot Papei'S. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 121 The town also voted sixteen shillings per j^ear for a sexton for the west meeting-house, and two dollars per year for one for the east meeting-house. [1768. J At a meeting held September 22d, Aaron Hinklej' was elected a delegate from Brunswick "to join the committee at Boston in order to consult and advise such measures as should be thought best for the peace and safety of his Majesty's subjects in this Province," and Thomas Skolfield, Isaac Snow, Captain Dunning, Samuel Thompson, and William Woodside, Jr., were appointed a committee to furnish him with instructions. By the term "committee" in the above extract from the records must be meant the Provincial Convention of delegates, which commenced its session that very day at Boston, in place of the General Court, which the governor had refused to convene without the consent of his Majesty, the king. The invitation to send a delegate from Brunswick was not received until two days before the convention met.i [1771. J In 1771 Aaron Hinklej", Isaac Snow, and Thomas Skol- field were chosen a committee " to answer the petition that the select- men of Topsham put into the General Court in May last." This peti- tion was to have the boundary line between the two towns so defined as to give the islands in the river to Topsham. [1774.] The selectmen were instructed, in 1774, to lay out the 1,000 acres of Commons, and have a plan made of the same, in order that a deed of it could be obtained from the j)roprietors. It was voted, at the annual meeting, to again petition the General Court for power to tax land belonging to non-residents. At a meeting held August 3d, " the town took under consideration the difficulties of the Province, and unanimously agreed to the non- importing of English goods, until the matter in dispute between Great Britain and her colonies be reconciled." The selectmen were directed to ascertain the quantity of ammuni- tion the town had in stock, and to purchase, if necessarj', a new sup- pty. The port of Boston having been closed by Act of Parliament on account of the seizure of the tea, it was thought best to assist that town by subscription. At a meeting held on the seventeenth of September, Captain Moul- ton, Samuel Stanwood, and Samuel Thompson were chosen a commit- tee " to meet the Falmouth committee that are to meet at Falmouth, on Wednesday, the twenty-first day of September, instant, to consider ' McKeen, Manuscript Lecture. 122 HISTORY OF B HUNS WICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. what measures will be best to adopt for the good of the country and town." At a meeting of tlie town held on the seventeenth of November, the proceedings of the Continental Congress and of the Provincial Con- gress were read. The Provincial Congress had passed a resolution which was, in substance, that the inhabitants of the Province should immediately provide themselves with arms and ammunition, and should use their utmost dihgence to perfect themselves in military skill ; and if any town was not provided with a full stock of ammunition, according to law, that the selectmen of such town should take effectual care without delay to provide the same.i The Provincial Congress also appointed Henry Gardner, Esquire, of Stow, receiver-general of all moneys for the use of the Province. ^ The town, accordingly, adopted a resolution, "that it be our opinion that it is very proper to choose Militia officers in this town forthwith and act agreeably to the directions in the Provincial Congress." An election of militia officers then took place ; Samuel Thompson being chosen captain, Eobert Dunning, lieutenant, Thomas Thompson, ensign, and Stephen Getchell, clerk. A resolution was also adopted, " That the money voted in May last by our representatives be paid in to Henrj- Gardner, Esq., of Stow, and that, if any other or former collectors have any Province money in their hands that thej^ pay the same to the said Henry Gardner, Esq." Brunswick was represented in the Provincial Congress by Samuel Thompson. The Continental Congress at Philadelphia, on the twentieth of Octo- ber, entered into an association or agreement, providing for the non- importation of goods, wares, or merchandise from Great Britain, Ireland, or other of the British possessions ; also, providing for the non-consumption of such articles, and for the non-exportation of home products. There were also articles abolishing the slave-trade ; pro- viding for improvement in the breed of sheep, and to prevent their being killed, unnecessarily, for food ; encouraging frugality, economy, and industry, and looking to the proruotion of agriculture, the arts, and manufactures in this country, and discountenancing every species of extravagance ; guarding against extortion on the part of traders on account of the scarcity of goods, etc. The eleventh article, to which allusion is made below, was, in substance, that a committee should be chosen in every town to observe the conduct of all persons, and when ' American Archives, Fourth Series, Vol. 1, p. 852. ^ j^m ^ p_ g5i_ MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 123 the committee were satisfied that any person had violated the provis- ions of the agreement, the truth should be published in the Gazette, " to the end that all such foes to the rights of British Americans may be publicly known & universally contemned, as the enemies of Amer- ican Liberty : and thenceforth we will break off all dealings with him or her." i These proceedings having been read in full to the meeting, the town resolved, "that the proceedings of the Grand Congress be adopted and much applauded by this town, quite unanimous," and Tobias Ham, Nathaniel Larrabee, James Curtis, Samuel Stanwood, Ebenezer Stanwood, and Thomas Thompson were elected " a com- mittee to see to the due observance of the eleventh article in the pro- ceedings of the Grand Congress."' There is on file a warrant of this year, in his Majesty's name, call- ing the voters to choose a representative to the legislature at Salem, but no meeting was held, as the citizens no longer recognized the ro3-al authority. 2 [1775. J At a meeting of the town held January 10, 1775, the pro- ceedings of the Provincial Congress^ at Concord, in December, were unanimously approved, with the exception of the article relating to "storing the goods after the tenth of October next," in regard to which article the vote was seventy- nine yeas and twelve nays. A vote was also passed " that if a Number out of the several com- panies of militia should list as minute men," then each town ought " to make them such reasonable satisfaction as shall be thought proper by the town where they belong " Samuel Thompson, who was now a colonel, was elected as delegate to the Provincial Congress. At a meeting held March 9, Benjamin Stone, Nathaniel Larrabee, James Curtis, Deacon Stanwood, and Aaron Hinkle}', Esquire, were elected' ' ' a Committee of safet}^ to consult what the3' shall think best at this crisis and make report at the adjournment of this meeting." At a meeting held six days later, in the west meeting-house, the town voted " to pay Henrj' Gardner Esq. all the Province Money in the hands of the collectors of the town, agreeable to the advice of our Congress." At a meeting held April 27, Aaron Hinkley, Deacon Samuel Stan- wood, Benjamin Stone, Captain Curtis, and Captain William Stanwood, Jr., were chosen a Committee of Correspondence and also a Committee of Supplies, to provide ammunition and whatever else was thought necessary for the safety of the town. 1 American Archives, Fourth Series, Vol. 1, p. 915. ^ pejepscot Papers. 124 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. At a subsequent meeting, Reverend John Miller, Benjamin Rideout, Gideon Owens, Joseph Melcher, Joseph Allen, Colonel Samuel Thom- son, David Brown, George Hayden, Benjamin Hinkley, and Ben- jamin Larrabee were added to " the Committee of Inspection," as the Committee of Safety was also designated. Samuel Thompson was elected delegate to the Provincial Congress, from Brunswick and Harpswell, and he was to serve for one jear after the last Wednesday in the following May. The selectmen were instructed to inform the Committee on Supplies whj- the town did not compty with their request in regard to coats, etc., for the army. At a meeting held on the fourth Tuesdaj' in Maj', it was voted that the powder and flints provided bj' the town should be equally' divided to each man in town, and the town was to pay the cost of procuring the powder ; and " if the men who enlist under Captain Curtis should be called awaj', for them to CArry their ammunition with them." A patrol was established this year, under the direction of the oflacers of the militia. In consequence of the public distress and the grievousness of the taxes. Reverend Mr. Miller and Mr. John Farren, the schoolmaster, voluntarily gave up a portion of their salaries, and Thomas Skolfleld and Nathaniel Larrabee, two of the selectmen, served the town in that capacity gratuitously. [1776. J At the annual meeting in March, 1776, James Curtis, Samuel Stanwood, Thomas Thompson, Andrew Dunning, and Nathan- iel Larrabee were chosen a Committee " of Correspondence, Inspec- tion and Safetj'.'' At a subsequent meeting, held May 27, it was voted " to send a petition to the Great and General Court," and the selectmen, together with the Committee of Correspondence and Samuel Thompson, now a brigadier-general, Thomas . Skolfield, and Thomas Cotton, were elected a committee to draft the ^petition. What the object of this petition was has not been ascertained. Deacon Samuel Stanwood was chosen a commissioner to present this petition at the General Court. A meeting was held May 31st at which "It was unanimously voted that if the Honourable Congress should, for the safetj' of the United Colonies, Declare themselves Independent of the King of Great Bri- tain, that they will solemnly engage with their lives and fortunes to support the Congress in that measure." The selectmen were in- structed to deliver the powder that was brought by Brigadier Thomp- son to the captains of the militia, for them to deliver to the men, when necessary. Brigadier Thompson received fifty, and Deacon Samuel MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 125 Stanwood thi%-nine votes for representative to the General Court, and the town then voted to send them both, — they agreeing to serve for half-fees. . At a meeting held December 24th, " after due consideration on a Resolve of the Great and General Court of this State, dated Septem- ber 17, 1776," it was voted, " That the present House of Repre- sentatives of this State, with the Council, should consult and agree on some form of Government that shall most conduce to the safety, peace, and happiness of this State in all after generations." Brigadier Samuel Thompson was chosen to represent the wishes of the town at the General Court, agreeably to the above-mentioned resolve. [1777. J At a special town meeting, held in Februarj', 1777, Deacon Snow and Captain Robert Dunning were elected to fill the places of Deacon Stanwood and Captain Curtis, and at the annual meeting, March 4, Major Nathaniel Larrabee, Doctor Samuel Dunken, Captain Robert Dunning, Robert Spear, and Andrew Dunning were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, etc. At a meeting held Ma}- 22, Thomas Skolfleld was elected a recog- nizee, i. e., an officer empowered to take recognizances. The select- men were instructed to execute the law '■ concerning monopolj" and oppression." Notwithstanding the exciting and trying circumstances connected with the war of Revolution then going on, the citizens were not unmindful of the interests of education, for the town voted to have a school this year and to pay a schoolmaster £30. A committee was at this time appointed to procure a teacher. At a meeting held on the twenty-seventh daj' of November, in pur- suance of an Act of the General Court, entitled "An Act for suppljing the Families of the Soldiers in the Continental Service," the town voted to supplj' the families of the men thus engaged, agreeably to the afore- said resolve. For this purpose, £20 were voted and Benjamin Stone, Samuel Stanwood, James Curtis, Nathaniel Larrabee, and Robert Dunning were elected a committee to attend to its disbursement. [1 778.] At the annual meeting of the town in March, 1778, it was voted to allow Mr. Josiah Simpson eight pounds and four shillings for his service in carrying the baggage of twenty-two men from Bruns- wick to Boston the previous year. It was also voted " to supply the wives of those men that went for this town into the Continental army, by way of subscription, — they to be allowed the market price for s* articles that they shall find for s* use." Lieutenant Thomas Berry, Nicholas Rideout, Captain Robert Dunning, John Dunning, and 126 mSTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. William Woodside were elected as Committee of Correspondence, etc. The proprietors made an agreement with Aaron Hinklcy for him to survey the town Commons. This he had done, but the survey differed so much from the plan made by James Scales, " and the inhabitants made so much uneasiness about it," that it was laid one side, and the Scales plan was accepted. The proprietors complain, however, of the neglect of the selectmen in the matter. i This explains why, at a subsequent meeting, held M&y 12, the town voted to have the Commons surve3'ed, but laid upon the table till the next meeting the clause in the warrant relative to applj-ing to the proprietors for a deed. At this meeting, Aaron Hinkley, William Stanwood, and Andrew Dunning were chosen to consult as to the best method for supporting the fami- lies of soldiers. ' ' Then the votes were brought in for the proposed form of govern- ment, and there appeared to be for said form three, and against said form seventy five." This vote was in regard to a proposed new con- stitution for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which was not rat- ified by the towns in consequence of several serious defects contained in it. At a meeting held June 2, Aaron Hinkley, William Stanwood, Jr., and Captain Curtis were chosen " to give our Representative Instruc- tions." What these instructions were has not been ascertained. A vote was also passed at this meeting that the one hundred and fifty- eight dollars given, as an additional bountj-, to the five men who went into the service, agreeably to a resolve of the General Court, of April 20, 1778, should be paid by a tax on the polls and estates of the west end of the town. The only explanation of this vote which we can sug- gest is, that the east end of the town may have furnished the five men called for, and should therefore be exempt from paying anj- bountj'. At a meeting held on the tenth of June, the town voted " to lay out the Commons agreeable to the minutes that were read, viz., S* Commons to be bounded on the head of Middle Bay lots and to extend northerlj- between and adjoining upon the lots that front upon the twelve rod road and the lots that front upon Mericonege marshes, and upon the lots that front upon New Meadows river, until 1,000 acres be completed." Captain James Thompson protested against this vote, probabl}' for fear lest the Commons might encroach upon his lot. A committee was chosen, however, to lay out the land in conformity with this vote, and Stephen Getchell was chosen surveyor. ' Brunswick Records, in Pejepscot Collection. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 127 At a meeting held on the 10th of September, it was voted " that such shirts as are fit to be sent to our brethren in the army be 48/ each ; that good shoes for said service be 54/ , each pair ; that good stock- ings for said service be 30/, each pair." At a meeting held December 25, the town voted to accept of the survey of the Commons as laid out by the committee chosen the pre- vious May, but not to accept a deed of them from Noyes, if made according to Hinkley's survey. A committee was chosen to consult with the proprietors' agent in regard to the matter. [1779.] Brigadier Thompson, William Stanwood, and Doctor Dunken were chosen a committee to supply the famiUes of those men who went from this town into the Continental service with such neces- saries as they might need. The town also voted an appropriation of £200 for that purpose. James Elliot, Jr., Samuel Dunlap, Samuel Stanwood, Jr., Thomas Godfrey, and Stephen Pennell were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety. The selectmen were, at this meeting, instructed to procure a deed of the Commons, and the committee chosen to lay out the Commons were directed to complete their work as speedily as possibly. The selectmen were also instructed to take effectual means to secure, for the benefit of the town, the growth of lumber on the Commons. Thomas Pennell was allowed £4 8s., " it being for so much Counter- feit Money he took in part of his tax in the year 1776." Four prisoners — probably British soldiers — were taken care of in Brunswick this year, and the town consequently voted the following sums as compensation to those having charge of them : — To Captain Dunlap . . . . £6 8s. Od. " '• Thompson . . 4 4 " Lieutenant Berry . . . . 14 " Mr. John Dunning . . . 2 14 The sum of three pounds was also voted to Jacob Anderson for ser- vices in carrjing shirts, shoes, and stockings to Portland. At a special meeting in August, the town voted its approval of the transactions of the convention held at Concord on the fourteenth of July preceding. The object of that convention was to establish a State price-current, and to adopt other measures to prevent monopoly, extortion, and unfair dealing, and spirited resolutions were passed, fixing the prices of several articles of merchandise. ' ^ History of Concord, Mass. , p. 122. 128 HISTORY- OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Aaron Hinkley, William Stanwood, Thomas Skolfleld, Joseph Cur- tis, and Deacon Stanwood were chosen a committee " to set the prices on the articles in the town and carry the resolution into effect." They were also directed to inform the committee of the town of Boston con- cerning the action taken in this matter by Brunswick. At a meeting on the ninth of November, an account of the proceed- ings of the convention held at Concord in the previous month was read, audit was thereupon unanimously voted, " to stand bj' the proceedings of said conveution,'' and Aaron Hinkley, Deacon Stanwood, Tliomas Skolfleld, Captain Curtis, and Captain William Stanwood were elected a committee " to see said resolutions put into execution." The con- vention referred to was held at Concord on the sixth of October, at which a revision of the price-current adopted at the July convention was made, and resolutions were passed relating to trade, currency, etc. Countj^ and town meetings were recommended to carry these resolutions into effect, i [1780. J At the annual meeting in March, 17a0, the following appropriations were voted :. The sum of $4,050 for highways, and to paj' out of this thirty' dollars per daj^ for the labor of each man, twenty -five dollars for each pair of oxen, and five dollars for each cart, £12 to William Spear for his services for two years as sexton of the west meeting-house, and twenty-five dollars per day as compensation to the selectmen, " they to find themselves and paper." The town at this time elected Brigadier' Thompson as its agent to the General Court, in conformitj' with a resolve of that body, passed December 4, 1779. At a meeting held May 15th, the town postponed voting in regard to a change of the State Constitution until the next meeting. Proba- bly the next meeting of the town occurred too late for the vote of Brunswick to have any effect, since no vote of the kind was recorded at any subsequent meeting this year. About this time a circular letter was received from Jere Powell, President of the General Assembly of Massachusetts Bay, desiring, in urgent terms, the town to furnish its proportion of blankets needed for the army at once,^ as called for, amongst other things, by a resolve of that body passed the previous year. The town accordingly voted to furnish the blankets and other articles and "to allow for each pair of good shoes, such as the agent will receive so much of the present currency as will purchase seven ' History of Concord, Mass , p, 122. 2 Pejepscot Papers. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 129 pecks of Indian corn, and for stockings of the like quality, the value of five pecks of com, and for shirts the same price as of shoes,, and for blankets — them that are good — the value of four bushels in said currencj'." At a meeting held September 4th, tiie town cast its first vote for governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, lieutenant-governor, and senator. Whom the town voted for as governor is not men- tioned, but undoubtedly it was John Hancock. Honorable Samuel Adams received a majority of eleven votes as lieutenant-governor, and John Lewis, Esquire, fourteen votes as senator. Honorable James Bowdoiu received three votes as lieutenant-governor. At a meeting in October, Brigadier Thompson, Doctor Dunken, and John Given were chosen as a committee to procure the beef which had been demanded by the General Court for the supply' of the army. They were instructed that, if the}- were unable to procure the whole amount, they should, with the selectmen, make known to the General Court the reasons wh}^ thej' were unable to furnish all, and were authorized to make up the deficiency- in the amount, in mone3^ The selectmen were instructed to assess sufficient to cover the amount paid out by this committee. [17-<1.J At the annual meeting in March, 1781, the selectmen were directed to inform the General Court that the resolve of Decem- ber 4, 1780, concerning beef, was not received in season for the town to complj' with its requirements. At a meeting held on the nineteenth of July, the town voted to complj' with the last requisition of the General Court, in regard to furnishing beef for the army, and to raise £204, cash, to procure the beef. A committee was also chosen to obtain the beef. At a meeting held on the twenty-fifth of December, Samuel Stan- wood, Captain William ^tanwood, Jr., William Woodside, Aaron Hinklej', Doctor Samuel Dunken, and Captain James Curtis were chosen a committee to prepare a petition to the General Court, " con- cerning our present circumstances and our inability of paying our taxes in specie, and to lay the petition before our March meeting, for approbation or amendment." [1782. J The above-mentioned petition was presented to the town at its annual meeting in March, 1782, and adopted. At this meeting Samuel Woodward, Jacob Anderson, and Samuel Stanwood, Jr. , were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety. ThJs was the last time such a committee was raised by the town. At a meeting in June, it was voted that " the several classes in 9 130 mSTOEY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP&SAM, AND HARPSWELL. this town procure the three men called for by the General Court with- out delay." To promote the enlistment of soldiers, the town was divided into districts, which are designated above as " classes." "Wolves must have become very troublesome at this time, for the town, at this meeting, oflFered a bounty of 20s. for each and everj' grown wolf killed within its limits, and 40s. to every person who would make pits or traps for their destruction. On January 2, 1783, the following petition to have the town excused from paying a fine, for not furnishing the three men called for in 1782, was presented to the legislature by a committee of the town : — "To THE HONOUKABJOB THE SlCNATE & HONOURABLE HOUSE OF KEPKESBNTA- TIVES OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MaSSACUSETTS IN GkNBRAL COUKT TO BE ASSEMBLED ON THE LAST WEDNESDAY OF JANUARY 1783. "THE PETITION OF US SUBSCRIBERS (BEING A COMMITTEE CHOSEN BY THE EKEE HOLDEHS AND OTHEE INHABITANTS OF THIS TOWN OF BRUNSWICK IN THE COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND KEGULARLY ASSEMBLED), Humbly Sheweth. " That whereas the Inhabitants of this Town have exerted themselves to the utmost- of their power, in answering all requisitions that has been required of them During the present warr, but could not procure the last three men which was required for want of monej'' ; and whereas we understand that we have been overated in our taxations for some years past, both for men, money, & Beef, we Humblj- praj- y' Hon" to Excuse us from the fine that is laid on us for said three men — Your Hon" cannot be Ignorant of our Circumstances in these parts — How our Coast is (almost continuallj-) Invested with the Enemy Depriving us of our Vessels & Substance, So as we cannot gett to markett such commodities as we could spare. We are well assured that the farr Greater part of the Inhabitants here would be willing to suflTer, and has suffered, in order to help on the present occation but for want of a Markett Cash is exceeding scarce among us — and many has & are moving back into the wilderness, because they cannot paj* their taxes, therefore we Humbly pray that we may be eased of the above men- tioned fine but as for the average part we mean to endeavour to pay as soon as possible hut If executions should be issued out against us suddently, it would (we fear) Discourage the poor Inhabitants verj' much, therefore Relying on your Hon" great wisdom, to consider our Circumstances, not Doubting but that j'ou will Endeavour to proihote our Wellfare & Happiness in these parts as well as in the other parts - Committee. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 131 of this commonwealth, And your Humble Petitioners as in Duty bound shall eA'er pray.i "Tnos. Skolfield James Curtis Sam'll Standwood ,,_ Natu'l Larrabee Brunswick, Jany 2* 1783." In answer to this petition the legislature passed a resolve, which was approved by the governor, excusing the town from payment of any fine, provided they would pay into the treasury of the Common- wealth the sum of £185 4s l^d., which was the average price paid for the enlistment of three men.^ The town this ye'ar voted to pay Brigadier Thompson £30 16s. 3d. for his services as delegate to the Provincial Congress in the years 1774 and 1775. Reverend Mr. Miller, Nathaniel Larrabee, Thomas Skolfield, Deacon Dunning, and Captain Gross were chosen a commit- tee to answer a letter which had been received from the Committee of Correspondence of Boston. Their answer was as follows : — "At a legal Town meeting held in Brunswick, on Thursday, the 26th of June, 1783, in answer to your letter respecting the return of the Refugees and Conspirators who endeavored to deprive us of our rights and privileges by joining with the King of Great Britain, it is the unanimous opinion of this town that they ought never to be suffered to return but to be excluded from having lot or portion in any of the United States of America." November 20th, of this year, the Pejepscot proprietors gave to the town a deed of the town Commons. (See chapter on Public Lands, Roads, etc.) [1784. j At the annual meeting in March, 1784, the town voted to take no action upon the article in the warrant concerning pajing Brigadier Thompson's demands for expenses incurred in hiring men to serve in the army in the j-ear 1781. He had probably acted in the matter on his own responsibility, and the town did not consider itself legallj' bound to repay him. The selectmen were, at this time, instructed to take proper care of the town Commons, and to dispose of the lumber on them as they might think to be for the best ad- vantage of the town. [1785. J In 1785 William Owen was elected representative to the General Court, and it was voted that in case that body refused to receive him in that capacity, he was to act as the town's agent to 1 Pejepscot Papers. ^Massachusetts Records, Vol. 44, > 413 132 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND SARPSWELL. answer the Topsham petition. This petition was the renewal of a former one, to haye the islands in the Androscoggin River annexed to Topsham. [1786. J At a special meeting in Januarj', 1786, a committee was chosen to petition the General Court for some abatement of the town's assessment in the next State tax. The town voted to hold every alternate town meeting at the east meeting-house. A resolution was adopted that it was the unanimous desire of the town that a canal be cut through from New Meadows River to Merrjmeetiug Bay. It was also ^'oted to be the unanimous wish of the town that the counties of York, Cumberland, and Lincoln be made a separate State, and Aaron Hinkley was elected a delegate to a convention to be held at Portland (Falmouth) for the consideration of this subject. [1787. J The town this j'ear again voted in favor of making York, Cumberland, and Lincoln Counties a separate State. At a meeting held on the eighteenth of December, the town voted — twent}' -three to seven — "to accept of the proposed form of Gov- ernment for the United States as it now stands," and Captain John Dunlap was elected a delegate to an assembly which was to meet at the State House in Boston, on the second Wednesday ip January, 1788, for its adoption or rejection on the part of Massachusetts. This was the vote of Brunswick on the question of the acceptance, bj- the States, of the Constitution of the United States. [1788. J At the annual town meeting in 1788, Captain John Peter- son, Deadon Dunning, and Nathaniel Larrabee were chosen a commit- tee to petition the General Court for a modification of the "Fish Act.'' The town very injudiciously voted to lease one hundred acres of the Commons to William Marriner, and the selectmen were authorized to lease as much more to other parties as might be desired. A vote was passed this year, that all future town meetings should be held at the west meeting-house. On the eighteenth of December, the town, for the first time, voted for Presidential electors, and Honorable Dummer Sewall and Samuel Freeman received a majority of the votes cast. [1789. J The town this year decided to hold one annual meeting out of three at the east end of the town, and to hold all its other meetings alternately at the east and west ends. [1790.] This year Benjamin Chase, his family and estate, were set oflf from the town of Freeport and annexed to the town of Brunswick. ^ '^Massachusetts Special Laws, l,p. 277. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 133 [1791 ] The vote for representative to Congress in November, 1790, seems to have been in some way illegal, as a special meeting was called January 25, 1791, for the purpose of another election, at which General Lithgow received a majority of eighteen votes. At the annual meeting this year, a committee was chosen to locate a canal from Maquoit Bay to the Androscoggin River, but the town afterwards reconsidered the vote. An address from the senators and representatives in the district of Maine was read, and the town then voted — seventy-one to twenty- five — in favor of a separate State. [1792. J The town, in 1792, voted against the separation of the District of Maine from Massachusetts, by a vote of sixtj-one to sixteen. [1793. J In 1793 the town voted that the selectmen should be instructed to take an account of the paper-money in Captain Stan- wood's hands, and direct him to dispose of it in the best manner he could, and deposit the proceeds in the town treasury. The town also voted to dismiss the article in the warrant, concern- ing building a new meeting-house. [1 794. J In 1794, the question of making the District of Maine into a State was again voted on. The vote stood four in favor and thirty- five against so doing. The town also voted ' ' to allow Nathaniel Larrabee five pounds in full for his past service as town clerk, which is twenty-eight years." The town this year voted, unanimouslj', ' ' in favor of revising the Constitution." Whether it was the State or national Constitution is not specified. It was, perhaps, the latter, as the eleventh article of the Constitution of the United States was offered in Congress in 1794, and probably was not presented to the State, for ratification or rejec- tion, much earlier than this. [1795. J The town again, in 1795, voted — sixty-three to twenty- three — against the formation of a new State. [1796.] "At a very full and respectable meeting of the town of Brunswick, legally assembled the fourteenth day of May, 1796, for the sole purpose of taking into consideration the state of our public affairs with respect to the treaty between Great Britain and America, voted unanimously to support the Constitution of the United States." [1797.1 The town, in 1797, again voted against the formation of a new State. [1798.J In 1798 it was voted by the town that the selectmen should give a deed of the two hundred acres of land which the town 134 mSTOEY OF BRUNSWICK, JOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. had previously voted for the benefit of Bowdoin College, and thej' were instructed, if necessarj"-, to petition the General Court for the requisite authority. A committee was also chosen ' ' to settle some accounts disputable between the Baptist and Congregational societies in this town." At a meeting held in October to consider in regard to the formation of a new county from several of the towns in Cumberland and Lin- coln Counties, the town voted to send Nathaniel Larrabee as a dele- gate to a convention to be held in Hallowell, with instructions to vote against the project of a new county, unless Brunswick could be made the shire town. [1799. J In 1799 the town, although there was no war, raised one fifth as large' an amount of money for gunpowder as it did for schools ; thirty pounds being appropriated for the former and one hundred and fifty pounds for the latter. [1802. J Appropriations by the town in 1802 were $1,000 for schools, and three hundred and fifty dollars for contingent expenses. This 3'ear men were allowed for labor on the highway one dollar per day, and sixty-six cents per day for each pair of oxen. [1806. J The town, in 1806, appointed a committee to consult with the towns of Durham and Freeport, to see if they would join with Brunswick in building a workhouse or a poorhouse, and upon what terms they would do so. [1807.] The records do not state what the decision of these towns was, but it may be inferred from the vote of Brurjswick, in 1807, to build a house for the town poor, which should be thirty-six feet long, twenty feet wide, and two stories high. The town voted to have it located in the vieinitj' of Samuel Beals's,i and appropriated two hun- dred and seventy-five dollars to finish the outside. [1808. J In 1808 the town voted that at the annual meetings in March, April, and May, every legal voter should take his seat in the meeting-house, and there remain until the moderator of the meeting should by name call upon him to come forward and put in his vote. This rather dilatory method of voting was, undoubtedly, tried as a remedy for the disorderly conduct so often prevalent at municipal meetings. A committee was chosen this year to apply to the^Pejepscot proprie- tors for permission to sell and dispose of the town Commons, ministry and school lots, " and marsh," the interest of such sales to be appro- '■II stood on the lot in the rear of Mrs. Frances Owen's residence, on Federal Street. MUmCIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 135 priated for the use of schools, or in such other way as the town should think proper. As no answer to any request of this kind can be found in the town records, or in the Pejepscot Papers or Records, it is suffl- ciently evident that no such permission was e\'er granted. The effect of the Embargo Law, passed in Congress on the previous December, was severely felt throughout New England, and Brunswick formed no exception. The town therefore voted to present a respect- ful petition to the President of the United States praying him to sus- pend the law laying an embargo, either wholly or in part. The selectmen were also requested to transmit to the selectmen of the town of Boston a copy of the proceedings of the town of Bruns- wick, and to assure them of their cordial co-operation with the inhab- itants of that metropolis in any constitutional measures necessary' to obtain a removal or alleviation of the grievances they suffered from a suspension of commerce. [1809. ] On January 23, 1809, the town adopted the following reso- lutions : — " 1st. Resolved, That the inhabitants of this town do consider the Act of Congress laying a permanent embargo as directly repugnant to the spirit of the Constitution of the United States and the several sup- plementary acts, but especially the act passed on the sixth of January inst., as alarming violations of the express provisions of that Constitu- tion ; that they tend directly to the annihilation of the revenue, while they greatlj- increase the expenses of the United States ; to produce and daily aggravate distress among the great body of the people, and if long continued to excite domestic convulsions. " 2d. Resolved, That the last act of Congress designed to enforce the embargo, when its utter inutility either as a measure of precaution or as a measure of coercion, upon those belligerents whose decrees and orders effect our commerce, is aeknowleged by all, forces upon us the . apprehension that the embargo originated in the will of that Emperor who has declared that he will compel the United States to take part in the war either as friends or allies. " 3d. Resolved, That we believe it is the intention of the adminis- tration to unite with France in a war against Great Britain, a war which we deprecate as neither just, necessarj^ or wise ; since we are persuaded that all matters of dispute between the United States and that government might by sincere and honorable negotiation be ami- cabl3- settled and a friendly commercial intercourse re-established on principles mutually advantageous. " 4thi Resolved, That the organization of a large military force in 13(5 HISTOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM,ANDHARPSWELL. a time of peace, for purposes concealed from the people, excites in our minds the most alarming apprehensions, while the unlimited powers vested in the President and in officers of his appointment for enforcing the Embargo Laws present to our astonished view the monstrous image of a military despotism, erected hj^ the rulers of a free republic and the propert}', the liberty, and even the lives of citizens placed under the control of numerous pettj' tyrants in defiance of the express provisions of the Constitution of the United States and in contempt of the Constitution and laws of this Commonwealth. "5th. Resolved, That deeply afflicted by the evils incident to the embargo, but infinitely more distressed by these violations of our dearest rights, we will by every constitutional and peaceable measure seek the redress of our wrongs, declaring at the same time our deter- mination to refrain from all violent opposition to the laws under which we suffer, and to discountenance such opposition in others. "6th. Resolved, That we despair of obtaining relief from our distress and our fears by anj' further application to the President or the Congress ; and that we will therefore present a respectful petition to the legislature of this Commonwealth praying that the}' would specially pursue such measures as they in their wisdom may judge most conducive to the redress of individual wrongs and best adapted to the portentous crisis of our public affairs. "7th. Resolved, That we are ready to make any sacrifice of prop- erty and life for the preservation of the honor, the peace, and the liberty of our eountrj'^. " 8th. Resolved, That whereas several merchants in this town have loaded their vessels by permission of the President of the United States, we do highh' approve of their determination to refuse compli- ance with the law requiring them to unload their vessels or give heavy and unreasonable bonds." The following Memorial was at the same time sent to the General ' Court of Massachusetts : — "To THE Honorable Senate and House oe Ebpkesentativbs of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. "THE MEMORIAL OF INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF BRUNS- WICK IN THE COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND, Humbly Shews: " That, possessing the right to express their sentiments on the meas- ures of government, and the state of public affairs, they are impelled by a strong sense of dutj- to themselves and to their posterity to exercise that privilege of freemen in the present distressed and alarm- MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF -BRUNSWICK. 137 ing situation of the United States ; considering silence at sucli a crisis as has now arrived as approbation of those measures which have pro- duced it and an indication of stupid insensibility to the aggravated evils resulting from their operation. "Your memorialists presume not to point out to j-our enlightened and honorable body the grievous sufferings inflicted, or the essential rights violated by the Acts of Congress laying a permanent embargo, and especially by the Act for enforcing the several embargo laws ; but deeplj- impressed with an awful sense of the dangers in which their liberties are involved, they address you as their deputed guardians praying protection from that ruin in which those Acts, if not speedily revoked, must overwhelm them. " Your memorialists see in those Acts no equivocal proofs of a sub- servient attachment to one of the belligerents and an inveterate enmity to the other, alike inconsistent with the dignity and injurious to the interests of an independent nation. That the embargo was the result of a necessity imposed by the decrees of France or by the orders in council of Great Britain we can never admit ; since it was laid thir- teen months after the decree of Berlin and a considerable time before the knowledge of orders in council reached the administration, and it has been acknowledged by JVIr. Pinckney, Minister of the United States at London, that these orders made no part of the motives to that measure. " Your memorialists are persuaded that had the administration been animated hy that spirit and guided by that wisdom which per- vaded the councils of the nation in 1794 and 1798 in respect to our foreign relations, the same happj^ result would have followed ; but unhappily the reverse has been realized and our government have dis- covered a fixed determination to reject every proposal of accommoda- tion with one of the belligerents and disposition to submit with astonishing [alacrity?] to gross and wanton violations of a solemn treat}- and [to] unceasing insults from the other [belligerent.] " Your memorialists disdain to be the apologists for the aggressions or insults of any nation, but justice compels them to declare what the}- fully believe that Great Britain has manifested a disposition to adjust in an amicable manner our differences with that nation, while France has not only disregarded the obligations of a treaty, but has declared her determination to compel the United States to take part in the war either as friends or allies; "Your memorialists see with extreme [solicitude?] the organiza- tion of an extraordinary military force in a time of peace, the object of 138 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. which is concealed from the people ; and we declare our utter detesta- tion of the Act of the sixth instant, designed to enforce an embargo, which even its advocates on the floor of Congress acknowledged to have produced no effect as a measure of coercion against the belliger- ents, while the evils affecting the people of the United States have been incalculably severe and aie still increasing ; and we do consider the provisions of that Act as unconstitutional, tyrannical, and oppres- sive in the highest degree, and are bound by the strongest obligations to resist them in every legal and constitutional way. " We pray j'our Honorable Body to adopt such measures as j'ou shall deem wise and expedient in this singularly awful crisis of public affairs." It was also voted that the foregoing memorial should be signed by the moderator and town clerk, be presented to the legislature of the Commonwealth by the representative of the town, and that he be instructed to use his best endeavors to promote the object contained in said memorial. A proposition was made this year to purchase the old meeting-house for a town-house, but it was defeated. A committee was chosen to ascertain the limits of the 1,000 acres of town Commons, in order that the overplus, if anjr, which was given to the First Parish, might be determined. [1811. J In 1811, the town elected Isaac Gates, Esquire, and Peter O. Alden, Esquire, as special agents to petition the legislature, in behalf of the town, for permission and authority to divide, set off, and convey to the President and Trustees of Bowdoin College the two hundred acres of land which was granted to them by a vote of the town passed May 2, 1791, and afterwards approved or confirmed by a vote of the Pejepscot proprietors. [1812. j At a meeting held on the seventeenth of August, 1812, Jacob Abbot, Henry Putnam, Isaac Gates, Robert D. Dunning, and Jacob Anderson were chosen a committee to draft, and submit to the town, resolutions concerning " the present alarming state of national affairs." The committee reported the following, which were adopted, and the moderator and clerk instructed to sign and forward a copy of them to the President of the United States, and also one to the Portland Gazette for publication : — " The people at all times, under an elective government, have the right of peaceably assembling to consult for the public good. When doomed to experience the most awful calamities that can afflict a nation, the right is not only unquestionable, but essential to the exist- MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 139 ence of libertj- and expressly sanctioned by the Constitution. The freedom of speech and the liberty of the press and the undisturbed privileges of an individual, or united expression of sentiment, are the vital principles of a pure republic. The electors of rulers have a right to examine their conduct, and when measures are adopted bringing poverty and ruin in their train, and death and wretchedness in their consequences, under a pretext that the people demand them, it is the dutj' of every citizen to raise his voice to convince the deceived of their error and arrest the progress of destruction. " Therefore, R-solved, That we view the union of the States as an inestimable blessing while the government is administered agreeably to the original compact, but we fear that a cruel and oppressive course of measures, and admission of new States into the Union whose inhabi- tants in habits and education are adverse to republican principles, will tend to disaffect the people and eventually dissolve the compact which has heretofore been a source of so much wealth and happiness to these States. " Hesolved, That we consider the declaration of war a,s premature, unjustifiable, and groundless. That it was produced by an undue attachment for the greatest tjTant and most sanguinary monster that ever disgraced the civilized world. That we consider it as directed by the finger of the same hand which has not ceased for years past to impose restrictive measures upon the commerce of the United States ; in short, that we consider the declaration of war as merely the promul- gation and approbation of an edict of the Court of St. Cloud. " Resolved, That a treasury without money, an exposed commerce without naval protection, an army without soldiers, and a war without adequate and just cause, show the weakness or wickedne-s of our rulers, and tend to a direct sacrifice of everything dear to free men. " Resolved, That William Widgery, member of Congress from this district, in voting for war contrary to the known wishes of his constit- uents and to the destruction of great maritime interests of New Eng- land, has added shame and disgrace to the good people of this district, without injurj' to his own moral or political reputation. "Resolved, That we fully approve of the minority in Congress upon the question of war, and we pride ourselves upon having one representative from Maine who preferred the interests of his constitu- ents to the munddtes of the executive. " Resolved, That we view with abhorrence and detestation the late daring and sanguinary attack upon the liberty of the press at Balti- 140 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. more by a lawless and cannibal mob, and the assassination of the veterans of the Revolution and the voluntary defenders of liberty. " Besolved, That we cordially approve of the sentiments expressed by our brethren in Boston, at their late town meeting, upon the same subject, and of the measures by them adopted, for the purpose of aid- ing the civil authorit}' in the prevention and suppression of similar outrages. " Besolved, That the liberty of speech and of the press is the bul- wark of freedom, and the most glorious prerogative of free men, and that we will never relinquish this libert}^ but with our lives. " Besolved, That we cordially approve of the moderate, firm, and dignified conduct of our excellent governor, whose measures have always tended to promote the interests of the State and individual happiness, and we rejoice in again having a chief magistrate who will not sell himself to a party, who holds the scale of equal justice and is above the reach of venaltv. " Besolved, That the districting of the Commonwealth for the choice of State senators and representatives to Congress under the administra- tion of Elbridge Gerrj-, so that twenty-nine senators are chosen by a less number of votes than were necessarj' to choose the other eleven, is a most tyrannical and wicked exertion of power, a violation of the spirit of the Constitution, and a prostitution of the rights of the people, and must have originated in a desire to deprive them of their constitutional privileges. '■^Besolved, That the senators so chosen, by refusing the various equitable modes for the choice of electors proposed bj^ the House of Representatives, have evinced their approbation of this iniquitous sys- tem and have rendered themselves totally unworthy of the confidence of a free people. " Besolved, That we will hold ourselves in readiness to obey the orders of onr commander-in-chief in repelling anj' invasion of our shores or to aid the civil authorit}' in executing the laws. " Besolved, That we will exert ourselves by everj' constitutional and honorable measure to effect a change of our national rulers, that peace, commerce, and free trade may be enjoyed with all liberal and civilized nations, and all possible means be used to secure and preserve the union of the States. " Besolved, That from the foregoing considerations, and from a belief that onlj' when life or liberty are jeopardized the rulers of a nation are completely justified in declaring war, and as the great ostensible causes of the, present one are removed by Britain herself, and as MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 141 amicable adjustment of the onlj- remaining difflcultj' is now offered, it is the imperious duty of our goverument to suspend hostilities without delaj', and restore the blessings of peace to a brave but abused and suffering people. " Petee O. Alden, Moderator. Dats-'l Given, Town Clerk.'''' The following address was also adopted : — "To the Hon. P^leazer W. Ripley, Jonathan Page and Ebenezer Poor, senators of the district of Cumberland and Oxford. " After having seen the various modes offered by the committee of conference from the House of Representatives to the Senate through their committee for the choice of electors of President and Vice-Presi- dent of the United States, we are alarmed at the pertinacious adher- ence of the Senate to a partial and unequal mode of choosing electors, whereby a majoiitj- of the people are liable to be overruled bj' the minority, contrary to the spirit and letter of the Constitution and the principles of republican liberty. ' ' That this Commonwealth maj' have a voice in the next election of President and Vice-President a manly and just concurrence of the Senate with the House of Representatives is wanting, and this town hereby calls upon you to co-operate with them by j'our best exertions and procure a concurrence of the Senate with the House in some one of their propositions. " In this day of peril and difflcultj' for the public good j-our best services are required. To stifle the voice of the people and deprive them of their elective rights would be a stride at usurpation too alarming for us to behold in silence and too flagrant to be borne. '' We consider the proposition made by the House fair, honorable, and constitutional, and we are sorry to assert that the Resolves of the Senate do not appear to us to be of that character. " If our liberties, so dearly purchased by the blood and treasure of our fathers, must be lost, we most sincerely hope and fervently pray that they may never be destroyed under the forms of judicial nor legis- lative proceedings." The town voted that four attested copies of the above address be made out by the town clerk, and that one be forwarded to each of the above-named senators, and one to the president of the Senate, to be laid before that body. [1814. J Nothing especially worthy of record occurred in 1813, but at a meeting held in February, 1814, the town appointed a committee to write an address, setting forth " the present most unjust and iniq- 142 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. uitous restrictions upon our trade." It was also voted to have this address published in the Portland Gazette. No copy of it appears on the records of the town, and the number of the Gazette supposed to contain it has not been found by the compilers of this work. An article in the warrant, "to see if the town will accept of the Engine belonging to individuals of this town," was dismissed. Some of the town officers elected at the annual meeting, not pre- senting themselves to take the oath of office, a warrant was issued to John Owen, constable, to notify them to appear at a specified time and take the oath, as required by law. Owen, on his return, certified that he had notified all " except Roger Toothaker [one of the fence- viewers] who ran off and would not hear me notify him, and Abraham Locke, whom I missed by mistaking his place of residence, and Silas Goddard." At a meeting held in August, the selectmen were authorized to hire monej', "to meet the expense occasioned by the miUtarj- movements." It was voted to dismiss the article in the warrant " to see if the town will afford any assistance to the unfortunate sufferers by the freshet," which occurred that spring and did a great deal of damage. [1815. J In 1815 the selectmen were directed to collect the resolves, maps, etc., belonging to the town, arid to deposit them in their office. [1816. J The town, at its annual meeting, in 1816, gave Russell Stoddard and others permission to place some hay-scales' between the road that went bj* Mrs. Robson's and that going by John Pollard's. At a meeting held May 20, a majority of twenty-two votes was cast by the town against a separation of the District of Maine from the State of Massachusetts. At this meeting a committee was also appointed to provide a code of by-laws for the town. At a meeting held September 2, the town again voted against the formation of a new State by a majority of fifty-one votes. The town also at this meeting chose Robert Dunning, Doctor Jonathan Page, and Joseph McKeen, delegates to a convention to be held in Bruns- wick on the last Mondaj' in September following, to count the votes cast in the District upon this question, and if a majority of the votes cast were favorable, to form the draft of a constitution for a new State. [1818. J The town, at its annual meeting in 1818, authorized the selectmen to purchase a hearse at a cost not exceeding one hundred dollars. ^ The scales were located in what is now the mall, opposite Green Street. MUNICIPAL BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK. 143 At this meeting it was voted inexpedient to build a pooihouse. The one built in 1807 was sold by the town in 1812. An article in the warrant of this meeting, in regard to a separation of the east and west parts of the town, was dismissed. Its insertion in the warrant was probably' owing to some slight disaffection in one of these sections. [18] 9. J At a meeting held May 3, the representative from the town was instructed to use all fair and honorable means towards effecting the separation of the District of Maine from the State. This act shows an evident change on the part of the citizens of Brunswick in regard to this question. The representative was also instructed to use all fair and honorable means to oppose the passage of a law allowing Wingate and others the exclusive right of navigating the Kennebec River with steamboats. Apart from all questions of proprietj' or of constitu- tional right, Brunswick and Topsham both had a special interest in opposing a law which would affect the navigation of their own river. At a special meeting on July 26, the town voted, by a majority of one hundred and thirty-three votes, in favor of a new State, and at a subsequent meeting, held September 20, Robert D. Dunning, Doctor Jonathan Page, and Reverend Benjamin Titcomb were chosen deler gates to the convention to be held in Portland on the second Monday in October, for the purpose of forming a Constitution for the new State. At a meeting held December 6, the town voted its approval of the Constitution framed by that convention. UNDER STATE OF MAINE. [1820 ] On March 15, 1820, the State of Maine was, by act of Congress, admitted into the Union. At the annual town meeting this year, the selectmen were author- ized to provide a place for the hearse, which they had been authorized to purchase two years before. Whether the hearse had been kept out of doors or in somebody's barn, or whether it was not purchased until this year, does not appear. At this meeting Doctor Jonathan Page bid off the care of the town's poor for six hundred dollars. At the first election for governor of Maine, held this year, the vote of Brunswick stood: for Honorable William King, 195; for Stephen Longfellow, Esquire, 23; scattering, 9. At a meeting in May, the selectmen were directed to petition the legislature to incorporate the town of Brunswick, together with a number of other towns in the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln, into a new countj*. 144 HISTOBT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The selectmen were also, at a meeting held in November, directed to petition the legislature to make a deduction from the valuation of the town, as taken by the selectmen in August, in consequence of the loss of property occasioned by the great freshet of October previous. [1821. J At the annual meeting in 1821 the town passed a resolve that the public good required the formation of a new count}', to be composed of the towns of Brauswick, Bath, Phipsburg, Durham, Harpswell, Freeport, Pownal, Danville, Topsham, Bowdoinham, Bow- doin, Litchfield, Lisbon, Lewiston, and Wales ; and the representative from Brunswick was instructed to endeavor to effect the object at that session of the legislature. This attempt was, however, unsuccessful. The town this year, instead of building a poorhouse, instructed the overseers of the poor to hire suitable houses and land to accommodate the poor of the town and to appoint a person to take charge of them. This was for the purpose of making available, for the benefit of the town, the labor of the paupers. [1822. J At a meeting of the town, held September 9, 1822, the representative to the legislature was directed to endeavor to obtain the passage of a law granting compensation from the State treasury' to the soldiers of the militia. [1823.] At a town meeting held January 20, 1823, it. was voted to be inexpedient to make any offer to the legislature to induce that body to fix the seat of government in Brunswick. What efi'ect a dif- ferent vote might have had upon the prosperity of the town is a matter of some doubt, though had such an offer been accepted, there is no doubt but that it would greatlj' have benefited the community. The town, also, at this meeting, directed its representative to oppose in the legislature the erection of any new county which sliould include Bl'unswick within its limits. The annual meeting in March was adjourned to the first Monday in April, ' ' in consequence of the severity of the cold and the small number present.'' [1824.] At a meeting held the fifth of April, 1824, the selectmen were authorized to receive all money or other property that may have been raised by subscription for the sufferers by the great fire in Bruns- wick, which occurred the previous year, and to divide the same among them according to their necessities. The selectmen were also author- ized to pay twenty cents to each soldier of the militia, in lieu of rations, if the application for the same was made as the law prescribed. At a meeting held September 6th, the town passed resolutions inviting General Lafayette to visit Brunswick while on his tour MUmCIPAL HISTORY OF BRUh'SWIL'K. 145 through New England, and a committee of eleven gentlemen, in addi- tion to the selectmen, were appointed as a committee of arrangements for his reception, if he accepted. He was also invited by the authori- ties of the college, but was obliged to decline both invitations. [1825. j At a meeting held January 1, 1825, the town voted an appropriation of one hundred and fifty dollars towards defraying the expense of exchanging the bell then hanging in the steeple of the new meeting-house for a larger one. A committee was appointed to pur- chase a fire-engine, and eight hundred dollars was appropriated for the purpose. $1,500 was appropriated this year for schools. The selectmen were authorized to settle with Joseph Storer for damages suffered by him in crossing the bridge on Federal Street ' with a horse and chaise. A committee of fifteen was chosen to solicit aid for the relief of the suflferers at the late fire. [1826. J The town, in 1826, voted to purchase the house, barn, out-buildings, and farm, near the lower landing, then owned by Roger Merrill,2 and which contained about forty acres of land, at a price not exceeding $1,500. The town also voted to ijiise six hundred dollars per year, for three years, to meet the above expense. The selectmen were authorized, this year, to furnish blank car- tridges for the use of the militia of the town, when at reviews. [1827.] At a meeting of the town, held January 4, 1827, the rep- resentative was instructed to use all fair and honorable means to pre- vent the passage of any legislative act which would deprive the town of Brunswick of any of its territory or in any way disturb the line estab- lished between the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln. This action was taken upon an article in the warrant to see if the town would consent that the islands below the falls should be set ofi", with their improvements, to Topsham, agreeably to a petition to the legislature of George F. Richardson and others. The town voted, November 3, that the bills incurred in consequence of depredations on the Indians, the previous August, by Jere O'Brien and John McKeen, should be accepted to the amount of seven dol- lars and twenty cents. It seems that this year a partj' of Indians had encamped near " the landing,'' in Brunswick, and that a number of evil-disposed j'oung men made a raid upon them, tore down their tents, and drove them off. O'Brien and McKeen entered a complaint 1 This was a small pole-bridge at the foot of the hill, across a brook leading from the swamp west of Maine Street. 2 The present poor-farm. 10 146 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. against the rioters, and the above vote was intended to compensate them for their legal expenses. [1828. j In the year 1828, five gentlemen were chosen as agents of the town to oppose any division of the town that might be urged upon the legislature, which was then in session at Portland. One hundred dollar's was appropriated for keeping in repair the two fire-engines, for ringing the bell, and for such other purposes as might tend to the security of the town against fire. [1829. J The same amount was appropriated for the same purpose, in 1829, and the town voted to have the bell rung at nine o'clock on Sunday evenings. The town voted to hold its future meetings in the village, provided a house could be obtained without expense to the town. Accordingly the next meeting, September 14, was held in the Baptist meeting-house on School Street. At the September meeting of the town, a code of By-Laws was adopted. The provisions of these Bj^-Laws were, in brief, as follows : — Article 1. Providediagainst injury or loss of fire apparatus. Article 2. Against fhe building of bonfires in the streets, and against the careless use of lights in houses, barns, and stables. Article 3. Against coasting on or across the streets, and also against obtaining rides by taking hold of or getting upon vehicles, without the consent of persons riding therein. Article 4. Against the wanton or unnecessary discharge of fire- arms near any dwelling-house, shop, or store. Article 5. Against plaj-ing ball within ten rods of anj' dwelling, throwing snow-balls, pla3'ing with kites, or doing anything in public streets to annoy passengers. Article 6. Against the assembling of noisy crowds in the night, and against rude or disorderl}^ behavior, indecent or profane language, or the injuring of trees, fences, or buildings. The penalty for the vio- lation of this article was five dollars. Article 7. Against allowing geese to go at large. The penalty in this case was six cents per goose. These By-Laws were approved by the Court of Appeals in the December following, and the town voted to have them printed, and one copy furnished to each family-. [1831. J In the year 1831, the town authorized the selectmen to appropriate a piece of land near the poorhouse for a paupers' ceme- tery. Also, that future town meetings should be held in the old west meeting-house. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 147 [1832] In 1832 the town appointed a committee to draw up some resolutions expressing tiie opinions of the inhabitants of Bruns- wick " in relation to the alarming modifications of the tariff' now pro- posed to be made by the Congi'ess of the United States." Another committee was also appointed to report suitable resolutions expressing the opinions of the citizens in regard to the sale of the disputed terri- torj' on the northeast boundary. The reports of both committees were read and accepted, and the selectmen were instructed to furnish copies of them for publication to the Portland Advertise^- and Kennebec Journal. The selectmen were this year instructed to sell the " poor lot" on Federal Street, bj' auction or bj' private sale as thej' might deem best. The dividing line between Brunswick and Freeport was this j-ear defined. There seems to have been some doubt as to its location before this, for on October 15, 1828, the selectmen of the two towns met at the house of Samuel Chase, and proceeded to perambulate the line. Eobert D. Dunning was the surveyor for Brunswick and Bars- tow Sylvester for Freeport. The line survej-ed by them appears from the record to have been the same, or uearlj- the same, as that previously established. For some reason', however, the line was not satisfactory to some of the citizens of the two towns. Depositions were taken in January, 1832, from various residents, testifj'ing as to the location of the origi- nal Une. Depositions were made by David Curtis, William Alexander, and Daniel Given. On the seventh of February, 1832, the legislature appointed Joseph Sewall of Bath, William Bradbury of New Gloucester, and William Cummings of Cape Elizabeth, a committee to establish the dividing line between Brunswick and Freeport. On the eleventh of June following, the committee met and viewed the premises on that day and succeeding daj's, closing their labors on the twenty-third of June. Their report, which we give below, furnishes the result of their labors : — " Pursuant to the foregoing Eesolve for establishing the line between Brunswick and Freeport, we the subscribers, the Committee therein appointed, having been duly sworn, and liaving given due notice to the parties, and having met them by their committees and counsel at the house of Alexander Moorhead, in Brunswick, the eleventh day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundi-ed and thirty- two, and by adjournment from day to day until this twenty third day 148 HIbTOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. of said June, and having heard all their pleas, proofs and arguments, and having viewed the premises, and maturely considered the same, have determined and established the dividing line between the towns of Brunswick and Freeport, in the Countj' of Cumberland, agreeably to the Acts of Incorporation of said Towns, to be as follows to wit : Beginning on the Western shore of Maquoit Baj' at the mouth of Bungamunganock so called at a ledge which we have marked B, thence North twenty eight and one eighth degrees West, passing \)y a hem- lock tree in Vincent Mountfort's pasture, and through said Vincent Mountfort's house, and by a beach stump one rod and two links wes- terlj' of an ash tree in William Alexander's pasture by a stone in the wall on the western side of the county road on David Curtis' land marked -(- and over a ledge in said Curtis' pasture marked FB and by a spruce tree, a j'ellow birch tree, a ledge in Grouse's field marked -|-, a ledge in Skolfield's pasture marked -|-, a maple tree, a j-ellow birch tree, a stone set in the ground on the easterly side of the county road, twelve rods & sixteen links from the corner of Thomas Pennell's house, marked FB, a beach tree, a ledge in Samuel Sylvester's pasture marked FB, a stone in the wall on the westerl}' side of the Story road so called, a ledge in John Field's field marked FB, a beach ti-ee, a hemlock tree, a spruce tree, a pine tree five miles & seven tj^ rods to a stone marked FB at the middle of the Quaker road so called, and one rod and a half from William Jordan's wall, thence North East one hundred & ninety six rods to a stone marked DB at the corner of Durham and including within the town of Brunswick all Mair Point so called, and to include within said town of Brunswick all the estate of the late Benjamin Chase which was annexed to said Brunswick by virtue of an act of the Legislature of Massachusetts passed in 1790, entitled an Act setting off Benjamin Chase, his family and estate from the town of Freeport and annexing them to the town of Brunswick. " Joseph Sewall. Wm. Bradbury. Wm. Cummings."* The same committee also established the Durham line.. According to McKeen. the survey of the west part of the town was made by John Merrill while B. Ring lived in Brunswick, though the plan of the " Great Lots" was never laid down by any actual survey. According to the same authority, if Merrill's plan had been regarded ' Pfjepscot Records. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 149 and the boundaries preserved, the line would have gone farther south upon Frceport than was established by the committee in 1832, and would have taken sixteen rods on to what Durham now holds. • [1833. J The town appropriated for schools in 1833, $2,000; for support of poor, |700 ; for highways, $2,500. The town clerk was this year directed to procure all plans and papers, of every description, of the Pejepscot Company, which might be of use to the town hereafter, and which related in any way to the settlement of the town, at as moderate an expense as possible. The papers of the Pejepscot Company were, at this time, in the hands of Josiah Little, Jr., of Newburyport (or of Amesbury), Mass. By a sworn statement by John McKeen, the then town clerk, it appears that Mr. Little placed the Pejepscot Papers in his hands upon condi- tion that they should be finally placed in the library of the Maine Historical Society, where they now are. This was certainly the best disposition that could have been made of them, particularly as many of the papers relate not only to Brunswick but to the whote region embraced in the Pejepscot purchase, and it would be difficult, if not impossible, to separate from them those relating exclusively to Brunswick. The selectmen were this year authorized to grant licenses to retail ardent spirits, on condition that no spirits should be drank in or about the pi-emises of the retailer. John Coburn was appointed an agent to appear before a committee of the legislature, and to use his best endeavors to carry into effect the vote of the town in favor of the formation of a new county from parts of Cumberland and Lincohi Counties. [1834.] At a meeting of the town, hold July 4, 1834, a lengthy report of the Committee on Town Commons was read and accepted. ^ A committee was also chosen to consider the practicability and advis- ability of having the town farm upon the Commons, and to estimate the expense of removing the buildings thereto. At a meeting held August 30, the Report of the Committee on Town Commons, Poorhouse, etc., was read, but its consideration was postponed to a further meeting. The selectmen were instructed to have the report printed and also to have the Commons surveyed. The selectmen were also directed to petition the legislature for per- mission to use the Commons for agricultural purposes or to dispose of them at some future day, should the town ever so direct. They were, ''■McKeen, M8S. Lecture. ^See Chapter XIX. 150 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. moreover, directed to procure the same permission from the Pejepscot proprietors ; and also to demand a rent from all parties occupj'ing the Commons, and to remove all persons refusing or neglecting to pay the rent. [1835.] At a town meeting, held April 27, 1835, it was voted to build a town-house without unnecessarj' delay. The village school district this year applied for an Act of Incorpo- ration, for certain municipal purposes, and an Act to this effect was passed by the legislature and received the approval of the governor, January 28, 1836. At the annual meeting this year the town appropriated seven hun- dred dollars to pay for the town-house, and the Building Committee were authorized to borrow the needed balance of three hundred dol- lars. The town-house was completed this j-ear. [1837. J The town met at the town-house for the first time on January 16, 1837. The town, at this meeting, voted to receive its proportion of the money deposited with the State by the United States, in pursuance of " an Act to regulate the deposits of the public money," on the condition specified in the Act of this State entitled "An Act providing for the disposition and repayment of the public money apportioned to the State of Maine, on deposit, by the govern- ment of the United States." James F. Matthews was appointed the agent of the town to receive this money. The revenue of the United States had for some years been in excess of the demands of govern- ment, and this Act of Congress was to distribute the surplus to the States. At a meeting of the town in April, the selectmen were authorized to loan the town's share of the surplus revenue to citizens of the town, on good personal security, in sums not exceeding two hundred dol- lars to an}' one iudr\'idual. At a meeting held in July, the selectmen were directed to collect what had been loaned, as it became due, and to deposit the amount, together with the remaining portion of the surplus revenue, with the citizens in the following manner : — The sum total was to be divided into as manj- shares as there were inhabitants of the town at the last enumeration, and each male head of a family, and each female head of a family where there was no male head,- should be entitled to receive, on deposit, one share for each member of his or her family actually resident at home in the family on the first day of the preceding March, including the heads of the family, the daughters, the sons, under the age of twentj-one years, and the MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 151 regular apprentices. Each male above twenty-one j'ears of age, with- out a familj-, was entitled to receive one share. The receipts, which were to be talien in all cases, were to contain a promise of repaj-ment, without interest, of the sum given, whenever the town should be required to repay it to the treasury of the State. At a meeting held in September, the preceding vote was so amended as to entitle all who were residents of the town on the first of March previous to a share of the surplus money, and that persons since, but not then, residents should not be entitled to it. [1838.] At the annual meeting in April, 1838, the town voted to relieve those who had received shares of the surplus revenue money from all obligation to return it, since the legislature had passed an Act releasing towns from a similar obligation. The town voted to refer to the Building Committee the deeds of the gifts from Reverend Wilham Allen and David Dunlap, Esquire. The above vote refers to the deeds of the land upon which the town-house was built. [1841. j The overseers of the poor were authorized in 1841 to sell the poorhouse and farm whenever they could do so for a not less sum than $1,500. In regard to several proposed amendments to the Constitution of the State, the town voted as follows : — In favor of increasing the number of representatives, but against establishing the number at one hundred and fifty-one ; in favor of electing the governor for two years instead of one, and in favor of having the legislative meeting but once in two years. [1842. J In 1842 a petition from Isaac Lincoln and others, to have the town house sold or else to have it moved to the village, was dis- missed. [1844. J The town in 1844 voted in fav6r of.an amendment to the Constitution of the State, changing the meeting of the legislature to May. [1845.] A new hearse was purchased in 1845, by order of the town, and the old one was repaired and fitted with runners for use in the winter season. [1847.] At the annual meeting in 1847 the selectmen were in- structed to have the bell on the Universalist Church rung daily, for the ensuing year, at the expense of the town. The town also at this meeting appropriated two hundred dollars towards the purchase of a clock to be located in the tower of the Universalist Church. 152 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HASPSWELL. The town this year voted in favor of so amending the Constitution of the State as to prohibit the loaning of the credit of the State to any amount exceeding $300,000 in the aggregate; and also, against an amendment providing that the governor, senators, and repi'esenta- tives should be elected by a pluralitj- instead of majority vote. [1849. J In 1849 the town voted to dispose of Engine No. 1 and to purchase a new one, and for that purpose the sum of three hundred dollars was appropriated. The town this year refused, bj' a vote of one hundred and fourteen to sixteen, to adopt an Act of the legisla- ture, which was passed July 16, 1846, and was entitled "An Act for the License and Regulation of Stationary Steam-Engines." [18.50. J The town voted in 1850 in favor of a constitutional amendment, which provided for a meeting of the legislature in Jan- uary- instead of May. At a subsequent meeting this j-ear the town voted to accept an Act of the legislature authorizing certain cities and towns to grant aid in the construction and completion of the Kennebeck and Portland Rail- road, and also voted to loan its credit to that companj' for the sum of $75,000, according to the conditions and for the securitj' provided in the Act. The vote was five hundred and eightj'-eight in favor, and two hundred and fifty-two against the measure. The inhabitants changed their minds in regard to stationarj^ steam- engines, and the town accordingly voted this j'ear to accept the Act in reference to the same, which was approved July 16, 1846. [1851.] A protest, signed b3' one hundred and thirty-five of the inhabitants of Brunswick, was presented to the town in 1851. This protest was against the vote to loan money to the Kennebec and Portland Railroad, and was made on the ground that the Act of the legislature authorizing it was illegal, unconstitutional, and not binding upon the town. [1856. J In 1856 the town authorized the selectmen to grant the use of the town-house to the Brunswick Light Infantrj' for an armory. [1857.] The Act of the legislature, approved March 13, 1855, granting authoritj' to cities and towns to adopt ordinances or by laws for sidewalks, was accepted in 1857, and a committee, consisting of the selectmen and Richard Greenleaf, Esquire, was ajtpointed to lay out and determine the width of the different sidewalks in Brunswick, and to prepare some by-laws in reference to the same, which they were to report at a future meeting. Another committee was also appointed this year, consisting of Messrs. Abner B. Thompson, John C. Humphreys, William G. Bar- MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 153 rows, Samuel R. Jackson, Richard Greenleaf, and John McKeen, to investigate all matters relating to the town Commons ; to ascer- tain what title the town had to them, and the boundaries thereof; to ascertain what encroachments had been made upon them, and all other facts relating to the subject, and to make a report at some future meeting. Some time between March 1 6 and the first Monday in June, the town- house was destroyed by fire. The June meeting met — by adjournment — at the ruins of the town-house, and adjourned to McLellan's Hall. The committee on sidewalks reported at this meeting the names of the streets upon which they had constructed sidewalks, the widths of the walks, and a code of by-laws in regard to the same. The selectmen were authorized to dispose of the materials of the town-house which remained after the fire, and of the lot upon which it stood. [1858.] At a meeting of the town, held January 18, 1858, to see what measures the town would adopt for the purpose of obtaining a charter for a city government, it waS voted to appoint a committee of nine, — three from the village, three from the east, and three from the west part of the town, — to consider the matter and to report in one week. This committee reported, January 25, that the east and west portions of the town were opposed to a citj' form of government, but that the village was strongly in favor of it. A motion to petition the legislature for a charter as a city was lost by a vote of twenty- six majoiity. It was, however, voted that the village school-district should have leave to petition the legislature for a city charter for said district, under the name of the city of Brunswick, and the selectmen and town clerk were directed to petition the legislature to that effect. This thejr did, and upon February 10, a committee of the legislature reported a bill to incorporate the village district as the city of Bruns- wick. This bill was laid on the table and ordered to be printed. It was afterwards passed, and was approved by the governor, March 29. The bill provided for its acceptance by the whole town within thirty days, or to be null and void. At a meeting of the town, April 27, the charter was read, and rejected by a majority vote of one hundred and one. At the annual meeting in March, the sum of seven hundred dollars was appropriated for a night watch. The committee on town Commons reported at this time. The report was accepted, and it was voted that the town agent be empowered and directed to communicate with the several parties whose lots abutted on the Commons, and in case any of 154 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. them should decline to give the matter to referees, he was insti'ucted to institute legal proceedings against them, that the rights of the town might be maintained and protected. The selectmen were also in- structed to cause permanent stone monuments to be erected, in order to mark clearly the boundarj^ lines of the Commons, whenever these lines should be authoritatively ascertained. At a meeting held June 7, the town voted almost unanimously for the Prohibitory Liquor Law of 1858, there being but one vote for the License Law of 1856. This vote shows either an unparalleled senti- ment in the town in favor of prohibition, or else that those in heart opposed to a temperance reform believed that its advocates had over- shot the mark and that there would be a speedy reaction. The town this j'ear voted against granting State aid to a proposed Aroostook Railroad, and in favor of exempting future manufacturing establishments from taxation for a period of ten years. [I860.] A committee was appointed in 1860 to consider the pro- priety' of building a new town hall. They recommended the erection of a building on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets, at an esti- mated cost of $5,000. The town, however, refused to build. [1862. J In 1862 the town lines between Brunswick and Freeport, Brunswick and Durham, Brunswick and Harpswell, and Brunswick and Bath, were perambulated by the selectmen of Brunswick and the authorities of the other places named, and monuments were erected to mark the line. [1866. J An article in the warrant for a special meeting in Novem- ber, 1866, in relation to petitioning the legislature to set Brunswick off from Cumberland, County, was dismissed. A new hearse was this year procured. [1869, 1870. J In 1869, and again in 1870, propositions were made looking to the erection of a town hall, but they were defeated, and none has yet [1877] been erected. [1872.] In 1872 a proposition was made for the erection of a monument in memory of the fallen heroes of the Rebellion. A com- mittee was appointed to consider the subject, and at a subsequent meeting reported in favor of such a monument, but the town decided adversely to its erection. All important acts of the town not embraced in this chapter will be found in other connections. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 155 CHAPTER III. MtJNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. UNDER COMMONWEALTH OP MASSACHUSETTS. The place formerly known as Wescustego was, on September 22, 1680, incorporated as a plantation by the name of North Yarmouth. In 1731 the limits of North Yarmouth were determined by order of the General Court as follows : — " To begin at a white Rock by the side of the Bay dividing between Falmouth & North Yarmouth & to extend from thence into the woods North west by Falmouth line eight miles, and from y" s* white Rock to extend by the Bay to the mouth of Bungamunganock River, from thence to extend eight miles into the woods on a line parallel to Fal- mouth line & from thence to Falmouth line aforesaid, & from the afores" white Rock & mouth of Bungamunganock River S" Township to extend south east, the width of s* Township to the Main Sea so as to include the Islands within s* courses." On April 6, 1733, the township was incorporated as a town.i In 1735 a committee appointed by the General Court ran the line of the town as follows : — " Beginning at the mouth of Bungamunganock River on the west- erly side thence south east over Maquoit Bay to Mare Point and said line runs over Minot's Barn which stands on s* Point, thence over Middle Bay to Merriconeag neck, thence across s* neck and Merri- coneag river to a point on Sebascodegan Island to an Inlet of water called the Basin, thence crossing another part of s* Island to a small Island called Egg Island in Quahaug River, thence crossing another part of s* Island running a S. E. course across the bay to small Point, thence to Hunnewell's Cove, thence crossing s"* cove and so on in a S. E. line to the Main sea at mouth of Kennebec River." The present town of Harpswell, or the greater portion of it, was, it will be observed, at this time embraced within the limits of the town of North Yarmouth, of which town it constituted a parish.^ ^ Maine Hiilorical Society Collection, 2, pp. 172, 176. Russell's Sistmy of North Yarmouth. 2 Maine Historical Collection, 2, p. 180. 156 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. [1740. J In the year 1740 Merriconeag Neck was annexed to Brunswick, as will be seen by the following petitions to and order of the General Court : — "To His Excblbncy Jonathan Belcher Esq. Captain Gbnekal and govbrnour in chief, the honourable the council and honourable House of Representatives of His Majesty's Province of the Mas- sachusetts Bay in New England in General Court Assembled May 28^=, 1740. " THE PETITION OF THE PEOPEIETOES OP THE NECK OF LAND IN CASCO BAY IN THE COUNTY OF YORK, CALLED BY THE NAME OF MERECONEGE NECK:- " Humbly Shewbth " That Whereas the said Neck of Land, is one half part of it within the line of the Township of North Yarmouth, and having Paid Rates and Taxes to said Township, both to Church and State, altho' the Inhabitants there live above Thirty miles distant by Land from the Meeting House, and twelve miles by Sea across two very Dangerous Bays, (Especially in the Winter time) being also many times Impassa- ble in canous, with their Family s thereby depriving them of the Public Worship of God, for a great part of their time, which is a veiy great discouragement to the Setlers, and Whereas this Honourable Court have been pleased Two j'ears since to Invest the Township of Bruns- wick with all priviledges as the other Towns in this Province Enjoy and that Brunswick Meeting House is but Three Miles distant from the upper end of said Neck, adjoj^ning to Brunswick Town, and no Water to pass over which makes it eas}'' to repair thereto without the Danger and Diflculty of the Winter and Tempests by Water and the very great length of way by Land. " May it please your Excellency and Honours, We Humbly pray, That you would be pleased for the prevention of the aforesaid Incon- veniences to set off the Familys that may Inhabit said Neck of Land, from the Town of North Yarmouth, and annex them to the Town of Brunswick, especially since but a part of said neck of Land is couched within the line of North Yarmouth Township. And as in Duty Bound your Petitioners shall ever pray. " Joseph Wadswoetii Adam Winthrop Henry Gibes Belcher Notes Job Lewis for ourselves and Partners." MUNICIPAL EISTORT OF HARPS WELL. 157 " We the Inhabitants of the said Neck of Land Most Humbly [Praj- ?] That your Excelencj'^ and Honours would be pleased to grant the Prayer of the above named Proprietors of said Neck of Land that we may be Released under our very Great hardships, and as in Duty Bound shall ever pray. "James Beeweb John Mathews William Mageat Edvvaed Quingham William Gibson Moses Gatchell Joshua Ceomwell Samuel Winchell John Ore William Mackness Thomas McGeegor John Smaet John Lindsey Benjamin Denslow RiOHAED JAQUES John Stovee Elisha Allen Isaac Hall Samuel Standwood David Standwood John Stevens John Ross Jun". Seth Toothakee Job Moulton Abiel Spbage Wait Wkbbee Ebenezee Toothakee' "In the HorsE op Ebprbsentatives, June 3, 1740. " Read and ordered, That the Petitioners serve the Town of North Yarmouth with a copy of this Petition that they Shew Cause if any they have on Tuesday the 24* Instant, if the Court be then sitting, if not, on the first Thursday of the next Sitting of this Court, why the Praj'er thereof should not be granted. " Sent up for concurrence " J. Quincy, /Sp*=r " Read and Concurred " Consented to " A true Copy Exam* "In Council June 4"i 1740. " Simon Frost Dipi Sec." " J. Belcher. " Simon Frost Dep'i Sec:" " " The following order passed on the petition of the Proprief!" of Merriconeag Neck, vizf "In Council June 27, 1740 " Read again and it appearing that the Town of North Yarmouth has been duly served with a copy of the Petition but no answer given 158 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. in, Ordered that the prayer of the Petition be granted, and that that part of the Neck of Land within Mentioned which heretofore belonged to the Town of North Yarmouth together with the Inhabitants thereon, be and herebj' are set off from the said Town of North Yarmouth, and annexed to & accounted as part of the Town of Brunswick there to do Duty and receive Priviledge accordingly. " Sent down for Concurrence " Simon Fbost Bep" Sec^ "Ik the House of Representatives June 28, 1740. ' ' Eead & Concurred " J. QUINCY Sp*? " Consented to " J. Belcher. ' ' A true copy Examined " Simon FaosT Depv Secv " ' [1741. J Merriconeag Neck remained, however, annexed to Bruns- wick for a short time only, as on August 1, 1741, the foregoing bill was again brought before the Council, together with the answer of Ammi Euhamat Cutter, agent for the town of North Yarmouth, and the matter having been thoroughly considered, it was voted " that the order of this Court within written passed the twenty seventh of June last (A) be & is hereby superseded & set aside, and that such of the Inhabitants of the neck of land within mentioned, (B) as are consent- ing thereto and shall give in their names to the Town Clerk of Brunswick for that purpose be & hereby are set off to the Town of Brunswick so far as relates to the Ministry, to do duty and receive priviledge accordingly." This vote was sent to the House of Repre- sentatives August 0, where it was read and concurred in, with the addition of some amendments at the places marked A and B. The first amendment simply inserted the date, and the second one added the words, " with their estates."® This legislation was not satisfactory to the people of Brunswick, nor to many of those upon Merriconeag Neck, and accordinglj' the following petitions were sent to the General Court this same year : — 1 Pejepscot Papers. 2 ij,id. MUNICIPAL mSTOHY OF HARl'SWELL. 159 "To His Excbllens-y William Shirly Esq Governour & Comander IN Chief in & over his Majbstyes Province of the Massachusetts BAY IN New England, The Honoukable his Majestyes Councill, and the Honourable House of Eepresentativbs in Gbnerall court assembled Anno Domini, 1741. " THE PETITION OF THE SELECTMEN OE THE TOWN OF BRUNSWICK IN THE COUNTY OF YORK IN BEHALF OF SAID TOWN, Humbly Sbeweth " That the S'' town being of but small Extent and the Inhabitants as yet but few in number & a considerable part of the Soil not so rich and fitt for tillage as in manj- other towns, and tho' the said Inhabi- tants from a Principle of Loj-alty & dutifulluess to the Government, are readj- & desirous to do what they can towards the support of the publick charge, yet for the reasons above mentioned, they find it very difficult to maintain their families & support the ministry, & much more to pay the Province tax which the Honourable Court was pleased to laj- upon them last year, and they find this Disability in some measure Increased by reason that a considerable part of Meri- coneag Necl£, which hapens to fall within the line of North yarmouth, by reason of the large extent of S*" township into the Sea Cutiug of the whole front of Brunswick next the sea, which was the last year b^' order of the Generall Court annexed to Brunswick has been since Set back to North j'armouth ; Now we beg leave Humbly to Represent to your Excellency & Honours that the town of North yarmouth is in extent of land more than three times as large as Brunswick, without reconing in the Necks & Islands Couched within the lines of S* town, which much Increase the proportion, and the S* town is much more numerous in Inhabitants, & their land by long Cultivation is become much more profitable, so that they cannot be reasonably suposed to stand in need of so small an addition as Mericoneag Neck. Now whereas the uper part of S'* neck, is Contiguous to Brunswick and the rest of it by land, is 18 miles nearer to the center of Brunswick & to S* meeting house than to North yarmouth meeting house, & a much nearer & safer way to Brunswick in time of danger, where they can be relieved by land from Brunswick town, which they cannot readily, by North yarmouth, by land or water, and the addition of it to Bruns- wick, would something increase their number, & at present in Some measure Enable them to discharge the heavy tax laid upon them, which is very burthensom by reason of their Continuall fears and great 160 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. poverty of the Inhabitants (excepting four or five familjes) Your Petitioners therefore Humbly pray that your Honours will so far Compassionate & Encourage them as to annex unto Brunswick the whole of S'^ neck viz : that part of it that is couched within North yarmouth line & the uper part of it that lies between the lines of North yarmouth and Brunswick and which at present is within the bounds of no town and your Petitioners as in Duty bound Shall ever pray &c. " Bexj* Labeabee, 1 ' ^ I Selectmen Wymond Bradbury, y ^ ,, . , „ „ I of Brunswick. Saml Hinkley, J ■' •" We the Subscribers Inhabitants of Merriconeag Neck in Casco bay, such of us as fall within the line of North-yarmouth finding our- selves under a great burthen & disadvantage in being subjected to that town from whence we are so very remote & from whence we can expect no manner of benefit on account of the Ministry, School, or otherwise, & others of us who are not within the bounds of any town but lying between the lines of North yarmouth & Brunswick, but lying contiguous to Brunswick & Judging it to be very much for our Comfort & benefit to belong to s'' town, do Humbly Joyn with the Inhabitants of Brunswick in the within Petition, and earnestly Suppli- cate your Excllency & Honours that for the reasons therein set forth you will be pleased to annex the whole of Mericoneag Neck to the town of Brunswick & your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray. ■ " RlCHAED JAQUES Wait Webber John Stovee JoHK Mathews Thomas McGregor Nath"- L. Barnes " ' These petitions were not favorably received by the General Court, but on June 14, ]'749, that body, in response to a petition of the inhabitants of that portion of Merriconeag Neck and the adjoining islands, which was within the limits of North Yarmouth, passed an order to the eflfect that the Neck, the land and islands mentioned in the petition, and the northeast part of Sebascodegan Island, should be a distinct and separate precinct.** 1 Pejepscot Papers. Original Petition. ^ Massachusetts Records, 1749. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. ' ]61 In 1758 the following Act of Incorporation was passed : — "ANNO BEGNI ^ ^^ -^ REGIS QBOIIGII Skccndi Trices- ^^^^^^^^^^ ™o primo. "AN ACT For incorporathig a neck of land called Mericoneag Neck, and certain Islands adja- cent, in the County of York into a Separate District by the name of "TT/iej-eas the Inhabitants of Mericoneag Neck and the Islands adjacent have humbly represented to this Court the difficulties and great inconveniences the3' labour under in their present situation and have earnestlj' requested that they may be invested with powers priv- ileges and immunities of a District. " Therefore he it enacted by the Governor, Council, and House of Representatives, That the said Neck of Land beginning where Bruns- wick line intersects the upper end of said Neck which is four rods above the Narrows of said Neck commonly called the Carrying Place, from thence including the whole of said Neck down to the Sea, together with the Islands adjacent hereafter mentioned, viz : Great Sebascodegan Island alias Shapleighs Island, Little Sebascodegan Island,' and Wills ^ Island lying to the South east side of said Neck ; Birch Island, Whites Island and the two Goose Islands lying on the Northwest side of said neck and Damariscove Islands ^ tying at the lower end of said Neck, be and herebj' are incorporated into a separate District by the name of Harpswell. " And the Inhabitants of said Neck of land and Islands shall be and hereby are invested with all the powers, privileges and immunities that the several towns in this Province by law do or may enjoy, that of sending a Representative only excepted. " And be it further enacted That John Minot Esq. be and hereby is empowered to issue his warrant to some principal Inhabitant of the said District requiring him in his Majestys name to warn and notify the said Inhabitants qualified to vote in town affairs to meet together at such time and place in said District as by said Warrant shall be appointed to choose such officers as the law directs and may be neces- sary to manage the affairs of said District : " And the said Inhabitants being so met shall be and hereby are empowered to choose officers accordingly. 1 Now Orr's Island. ^ Now Bailey's Island. 3 One of which is now called Haskell's Island. 11 162 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSUAM, AND HARPSWELL. " January 20* 1758, " This bill having been read three several times in the House of Representatives passed to be enacted "F. HtTBBAED, Speaker. "jANnAKY20'h 1758, " This bill having been read three several timies in Council passed to be enacted " A. Oliver, Sec'y. " January 25* 1758, " By the Governor I consent to the enacting of this bill "T. POWNAL. "Copy examined "A. Bradfoed '• Sec^y of Commonwealth of Massachusetts" It will be observed that no reference is made in the foregoing Act to the town of North Yarmouth. This -would convey the impression that when Harpswell was made a precinct, it became legally separated from that town, which was probably the case. The present name of the town is not known to have been used prior to the incorporation. By whom it was first suggested is not known. One authority ^ states that it was so named by the General Court, but according to traditionary accounts the name was given by the Dunnings. There is a Harpswell in Lincolnshire, England, and the name was probabl3' first suggested by some emigrant from that vicinity and was favored by the Dunnings, who were English people, though from another countj'. Harpswell, though similar to an incorporated town in most respects, had not the privilege of being represented at the General Court, and was therefore only a district. The first recorded meeting of the district was held March 30, 1758. At this meeting Captain John Stover was chosen moderator ; Andrew Dunning, clerk ; David Curtis, Isaac Hall, and Andrew Dunning, selectmen and assessors ; Lieutenant Lemuel Turner, district treas- urer ; Elijah Douglas and Tajlor Small, constables ; James Babbage, Seth Toothaker, and John Coombs, tithing-men ; Waitstill Webber, William Alexander, and Joseph Thompson, surveyors of highways ; 1 Kellogg, MSS. Lecture. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. IfiS Edward Easters, Thomas McGregor, and Joseph Linscott, fence- viewers; Nathan Adams, James Gardner, and John Snow, hog- reeves ; and Elisha Allen, sealer of leather. It was voted at this meeting that hogs and horses should be allowed to run at large, according to the existing law. The meeting adjourned to the last Wednesday in May. At the adjourned meeting on May 25, the following votes were passed : — That Alexander Wilson and Andrew Dunning should be a com- mittee to settle with North Yarmouth, and to receive whatever money was due the town. To have no schoolmaster this year. That the selectmen should lay out the highways as they might deem advisable. That the selectmen should settle "with Mr. Jaques, the former treasurer" probably of the former precinct or parish, "and should remove the Treasury into Lemuel Turner's hands." That Thomas McGregor should be collector for that year, on the Neck, and should be allowed thirteen shillings and four pence for his services. That Mr. William Harsey should be paid fifteen shillings for his trouble in making out the rates for the parish in 1755. That Mr. William Blake and Mrs. Mary Young should be paid twelve shillings each, for making out the rates at the same time. That Captain Timothy Bailey should be paid one pound for a note that he gave in the j-ear 1751 " for the Place being presented." That Mr. Curtis be paid £33 Is. Id. " for taking up Mr. Pattis- halls execution against the Parish." That he have eighteen shillings for his time and -expense in taking up the execution. That Benjamin Jaques be paid thirteen shillings four pence " for going with Mr. Curtis to take up Patishal's execution." That Benjamin Jaques and Alexander Wilson be paid three shil- lings each "for getting a power [of attornej^?] to give Mr. Ralph Farnan." That fourteen shillings be allowed Richard Starbird on his assess- ment for 1754. That Samuel Eaton be paid three pounds for serving as clerk for four j-ears ; and that Lieutenant Lemuel Turner be paid eighteen shillings, David Curtis twenty-four shillings, and Captain Timothy- Bailey three shillings, for going to North Yarmouth. It will be seen 164 mSTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. that most of the foregoing relates to past transactions of the precinct, or parish, which have not been preserved as matters of record. [1759.] On May 9, 1759, a committee was chosen to settle the district and parish affairs, and another committee was also chosen to settle with the town of North Yarmouth, and to receive what money- was due to Harpswell. At this meeting it was also voted to build a pound near the meeting-house, and also one on Mr. Joseph Thomp- son's land on the island called Great Sebascodegan. On May 30, of this j'ear, the town voted to purchase scales, weights, and measures for use as a standard. Jonathan Flint was allowed £1 9s. for laying out the main road from the Brunswick line to the lower end of the Neck ; James Gardner was also paid 3s. for carrying a pole to lay out the road, and Thomas Jones, Jr., and Captain John Stover, 3s. each, for assistance in laying out this road. £13 6s. 8cZ. was appropriated for the poor. [1760. J In 1760 the town appropriated 35s. 4rt. to pay David Curtis for his expense in obtaining books, scales, and weights. [1762. J At the May meeting in 1762, it was voted that 2d. per head should be paid for all crows killed on the Neck before the Octo- ber following. [1763. J In May, 1763, the town voted to pay Benjamin Jaques, Alexander Wilson, and John .Alexander the sums assessed against them for the sloop built the previous year. [1765. J In 1765 the town voted to allow Nicliolas Pinkham the sum assessed upon his father ' ' for the fine laid on the Quakers as appears by State and Rate Bills, 1760." i [1768.] At a meeting held March 25, 1768, the town voted — twenty-six to twelve — not to set off Great Sebascodegan Island as a parish. At a meeting held September 28th, it was voted not to send a delegate to the convention to be held at Boston, but the selectmen, with Andrew Dunning and Benjamin Jaques, were chosen as a commit- tee to prepare and forward a letter to that convention. [1770.] The records of the meeting on May 22, 1770, contain the following entrj- : — " The majority of votes for Mr. Samuel Stanwood as Representative were 20." This is the first mention to be found of the town's being represented at the General Court. [1772.] In 1772 the town voted to pay David Curtis and Elijah 1 This is the first and only record in either of the three towns where Quakers are spoken of as having been fined. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 165 Douglas one doUav each " for haling Boards from Brunswick." What the boards were for is not stated, but probably for the school-houses. [1773. J On January 28, 1773, a communication from the town of Boston, setting forth the rights of the colonies and a statement of the infringement of their rights, was laid before the town for their consideration. A committee, consisting of 'William S3-lvester, Deacon Andrew Dunning, and Captain Benjamin Jaques, was chosen to write a reply and to submit it to the town at a special meeting to be held on the eighth day of March, at which time the committee reported as follows : — " That generous Ardor for Civil and Religious Liberty which in the Face of every Danger and even Death itself induced our fore Fathers to forsake the Bosom of their Native Country their Pleasant Seats and Fertile Fields and begin a Settlement in this then a howling Wilderness is not extinct in us their Posterity. " they Dearly purchased (with many Tears Prayers Mortifications & Self Denials) those happy Gospel Priviledges and Religious Liber- ties which vre enjoy in Conjunction with the Royal Charter these we esteem dear and Sacred — we are greatly alarmed at the Innovations made upon our Charter Rights and think them a Real Grievance — We fear not Poverty but disdain Slavery. ' whatever Day, Makes Man a Slave takes half his worth away.' " We shall not particularly enumerate our Grievances but only Say we Concur with the Sentiments of the Committj^ of Correspondence at Boston as they have stated the rights of the Colonists and of this Province in Particular, and of the Infringements on those Rights. We openly and Franklj- declare that we hold Fast our Loyalty to our Sovereign (Independency we have not in View — we abhor the Thought) and hold our Selves in Readiness at all times with our lives and For- tunes to assist his Majesty in his Defence as we have heretofore done (when for the Enlargement of the Brittish Empire, upon the Ruins of their Perfidious French Neighbors we have Cheerfully Emptied our Purses and furnished out our Quota of Men to join the Countless Numbers of loyal Americans who have Sacrificed their lives in the high Places of the Field & Desert — Many of whose Bones are to this Day whitning in the sun) yet we groan under our Burdens we sensibly feel them, but do not despair of Redress If the Importunity of a Poor widow May Moove an unjust Judge to avenge her How much More 166 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. M&j we hope for Redress by Frequent application to our Gracious and good King which application we humbly conceive Should be Dutiful and loj-al — Vewing onr Selves to be the children and our Gra- cious Sovereign the Parent. And Could his , Excelency Our Gov- ernour (whom we highly esteem & think to be endow'^ with Singular abihties) be prevailed upon to join the other Branches of the Legisla- ture Supplicating the Throne for Redress it appears to us the Most probable way of obtaining his Majestys Royal Attention and Relief. "William Sylvestee 1 And'' DuNiNG \ Committy.^^ Benj" Jaques j The records continue as follows : — , " The question being put whether the foregoing Report be accepted it Passed in the Affirmative Nemine contradicente and thereupon voted William Sylvester Esqr., Deacon Andrew Duning & Capt. Benj. Jaques a Committy to Transmit an attested Coppy from the Clerk to the Comitty of Correspondence at Boston with the Thanks of this District to that Respectable Patriotic Town." [1774. J At the annual meeting in 1774, the town passed the fol- lowing votes : " to allow Andrew Duning 6 shillings a year since 1759 for sei-vices as Clerk," and " to fence the burying place with stone or boards, as the Committee think proper.'' At a special meeting, held August 11, William Sylvester, Esquire, Andrew Dunning, and Deacon Isaac Snow were chosen a committee to reply to sundiy letters from the town of Boston, relative to enter- ing into a covenant for the non-consumption of British goods. The committee reported as follows : — " That the Town of Boston is Now Suffering in the Common Cause, a Cause which we Esteem to be Our Own that it is our Fixed Resolu- tion not to be Awed into Acquiesence b}"^ a Mad Exertion of Mere Power on the Part of Our Enemies but to hold and Defend Our Charter Rights to the Last, that a general Agreement between the Colonies of non importation & non exportation faithfully observed would (under God) be a Means of the Salvation of our falling Country that as the Honourable House of Representatives Did on June 17"' 1774 Resolve that a Committy Should be appointed to Meet as Soon as May be the Committies that are or shall be appointed by the Several Colonies on this Continant to Consult together upon the Present State of the Colonies and to Deliberate & Determine upon Wise and Propper Measures to be by them Recomended to AU the MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPS WELL. ]67 Colonies for the Eecoveiy & EstabUshment of their Just Eights — & it is our Opinion that our now Coming into the non- Consumption agreement Previous to the Result of the Congress would be Prema- ture and that We should Anticipate the Verry End of that Respectable Body we therefore think it More Regular and Advisable first to hear the Measures advised to by the Congress and we hold our Selves in Readiness to Comply with the Same." This report was accepted. On September 14th, Joseph Ewing, Captain John Stover, and Andrew Dunning were chosen a committee "to go to Falmouth to meet the Falmouth and other Town Committees at Falmouth, y" 21st of Sept. Inst." [1775. J On March 20, 1775, the town passed the following vote : " to Give the Men that Shall Engage as Minute Men too Shillings & Eight Pence p' Week allowing they Meet three Days each week & spend three Hours Each Day in exercising or Learning the Art Mili- tary for One Month from Date Agreeable to the Advice of the Con- gress — and if Legually called by the Chief Officers to March Out of Town Shall be entitled to forty eight Shillings as A Bounty or Incour- agement and the like Incouragement to Any Others that shall be Legally Called as above & comply with the call." The selectmen were this year instructed to have the town's propor- tion of the Province rate paid to Henry Gardner, Esquire, " as soon as may be." William Sjivester, Joseph Orr, Nathaniel Purinton, John Snow, Samuel Bartlett, James Ridlej-, Joseph Ewing, Andrew Dunning, Benjamin Jaques, Paul Curtis, John Stover, Ebenezer Toothaker, John Roduck, John Farnham, Mark Rogers. William Morgridge, Simeon Hopkins, Ezekiel Curtis, and Anthony Coombs, Jr., were chosen a Committee of Inspection and of Correspondence. The town also voted to provide a stock of ammunition, double in quantity the amount required by law. On May 1st, WiUiam Sjivester, Nathaniel Purinton, John Snow, Benjamin Jaques, and Andrew Dun- ning were chosen a Committee of Supply. At a meeting held on the 5th of June, it was voted that '-the Remainder of the half barrel of Powder Purchased by the Committy of Supply be a Town Stock." It was also, at this time, "Voted to keep four Watches — One at the intervale By the Harbour or there Abouts One at the High Land Near Benj. Webbers One at the Lookout and One at Jaqueses Hill And Every Person Deficient being Duly Notified to Pay Six Shillings as a fine." It was also voted, 168 jimroRY of brvnswick, topsham, and haepswell. " Not to fire a gun between Sun Set & Sun Else except at the enemy or an Alarm on Penalty of Setting in the Stocks One Hour." The town also voted that the powder should be furnished to those needing it, in the quantity of half a pound for each man, who applied and who should pay or give his note for it. Captain John Snow, Paul Randall, and William Sylvester were chosen a Committee of Supply and SafetJ^ At a meeting held July 6th, Captain Nehemiah Curtis was selected to join with the committees of other towns in the count}^ for the pur- pose of distributing in the most important places the men who were stationed for a guard upon the sea-coast. [1776.] At a meeting of the town held January 16, 1776, the selectmen were chosen a committee to embodj' in a petition to the General Court the necessity there was for an armed guard and a supply of ammunition in the town. On March 4, William Sylvester, Nathaniel Pnrinton, Captain Nehe- miah Curtis, Captain John Snow, and Lieutenant Benjamin Dunning were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety. At a meeting held May 6, the vote of the District in 1775, giving minute-men 2s. 8d. per week for meeting for military practice on three days in each week, for three hours each day, was rescinded. On July 30 it was voted that the selectmen should take charge of the ammunition and arms, receipt for the same, and then distribute them among the officers of the militia, who should be accountable for them. It was also voted to pay Nathaniel Purinton and the seven men who assisted him in bringing guns down the Kennebec River, 4s. each, for two days' labor. It was also voted to pa}' Deacon Isaac Snow 12s. for his expenses and charge in bringing twenty-five fire-arms from Falmouth. Andrew Dunning was, at this meeting, chosen to take recognizances in Harpswell. At a meeting held on December 20, the following resolutions were passed : — " Voted the great & General Court or Assembly of this State Do Take up a Form of Government as Soon as they think Propper & that form that Shall tend most to Piety, Peace, Safety and Good Order in this State and agreeable to the Honourable Continental Congress — the vote unanimus at a full Meeting. " Voted the Selectmen Send to the General Court or Treasurer for Axes, Kittles, Canteens and Money to hire Waggons & Pay the Men that are Draughted their Milage to the Place of Destination." [1777.] At the March meeting in 1777, Nathaniel Purinton, Captain John Snow, Captain Nehemiah Curtis, Ezekiel Curtis, and MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HABP SWELL. 169 Andrew Dunning were chosen a Committee of Correspondence and Safety. It was also voted, "Not to Have a Hospetal Built in the County for an Enocolating Hospetal." It was also voted this year to pay Andrew Dunning 12s. for superintending the delivery of pow- der and flints, and for recording the Declaration of Independence. On November 25, a committee was chosen to supply the families of soldiers with necessar}- articles. [1778. J The entry of the May meeting in 1778 commences, " At a meeting of the Town of Harpswell." It is the first time that the records were thus commenced, heretofore the words " parish," "dis- trict," or " inhabitants" being used. Yet Harpswell must have been in all respects a town prior to this, having in 1770 elected a represent- ative. At this meeting, Captain John Snow, Joseph Ewing, Benja- min Dunning, Ezekiel Curtis, Captain Thomas Merryman, Paul Randall, and Alexander Ewing were chosen a Committee of Inspec- tion, Safety, and Supply. It was voted to raise £420 " for the rein- forcement of nine men now to be raised, and proportioned as hereafter mentioned, viz. to four men for the militia one hundred dollars per man. To five men for the Continental Armj^ two hundred dollars per man." The selectmen were instructed to hire the money to pay the above bounties, and also the mileage of the soldiers. At a meeting, held June 24, the town voted to purchase some cloth- ing which had been provided for the soldiers and also to raise the sum of £56 for the four men who had that day enlisted. At another meeting, held on the third of August, it was voted that the selectmen should pro- vide the town's proportion of clothing for the army, in accordance with the order of the General Court, passed the previous June, and that each article of clothing should be of the same price as previously, if of as good quality, and that it should be valued hj the same committees. [1779. J At the March meeting in 1779, Thomas Merrj-man, James Ridley, and Alexander Ewing were chosen a Committee of Cor- respondence, Inspection, Safety, and Supply. At a meeting, held July 2, it was voted that all the male inhabitants of Harpswell above the age of sixteen years should take the oath of allegiance to the United States. It was also voted to supply powder and balls from the town stock to such as might need them ; that the price of the powder should be £3, and of balls 15s. per pound. — each one being allowed half a pound of powder, and balls in proportion. It was also voted that Michael Curtis, Thomas Farr, Paul Randall, and John Blake should be a committee "to wait on the Justice to tender the oath of alle- giance to the Uaitecl States," and that all males over the age of six- 170 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL." teen 3-ears who refused to take that oath should be disarmed. At a meeting held in August, it was voted to sell eiglit fire-arms, that had been recentl3' purchased, at forty two and one half dollars each. [1780. j At the March meeting in 1780, William Sylvester, Esquire, Captain Nehemiah Curtis, Paul Curtis, Thomas Farr, Cap- tain Isaac Snow, Lieutenant Anthony Coombs, and Simeon Hopkins were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safetj'. At the May meeting the town voted to raise £2,000 for expenses and £300 for support of the poor. The proposed new constitution for the State of Massachusetts was read and considered article by article. It was amended "in Page 27th, last line, for the word Christian to have the word Protestant and in Page 33d — the House of Representatives to have a voice in the appointment of officers for the Continental army." Thus amended, thirty voted in favor of, and one against it. At a meeting held in September, the town voted for governor, lieutenant-governor, and senator. John Hancock received fourteen votes as go\ernor ; Sam- uel Adams eight, and James Bowdoin seven, as lieutenant-gov- ernor ; and John Lewis, fifteen as senator. This is the first record of a vote of this town for State officers. At a meeting held October 23, a committee was chosen to procure beef for the army. [1781. J On January 11, 1781, a committee was chosen to procure soldiers for the Continental army, and on the thirtieth of the month the town voted " to give Sixty Pounds L. M. Paid in the Old Waj- in hard money. Stock, Produce or Equal in other things as shall be agreed on bj' the Town and Persons Engageing." At a subsequent meeting, held the third of February, the town voted that the above-named sum should be given as a bounty to each man that should enlist for three years as a soldier, and that it should be paid ' ' by the tenth Day of May next, or as Many Midling Cows & Calfs as shall amount to the Sum at five Pounds for each Cow & Calf or Intrest for the same till Paid." At a meeting held in March, the town voted that "the Pools [polls] & estates in the Town be Divided into ten classes as Near as may be to Pay the Bounty Given the ten Continental soldiers, the Assess- ors to assess the Inhabitants & Each Class to collect their Part & Pay to the Agents for the Soldiers according to Agreement." And that " the whole sum contained in the Notes Given the Soldiers be assessed except the Cows that were Promised at the three years end, the Town to be assessed for the money," MUNICIPAL BISTORT OF HARPS WELL. 171 At a meeting held in April, a Committee of Correspondence, Inspec- tion, and Safety was chosen as usual. At a June meeting it was voted to raise thirty-five pounds for cur- rent expenses and fifteen pounds for the support of tiie poor, the money to be reckoned in silver dollars at six shillings each, or in other currencj' equivalent to silver. In July the town voted to raise £50 in silver, or its equivalent, for the purchase of the beef called for by the General Court in its requisition of June 22. On December 5, the town voted to pay twenty-two shillings per hundred-weight for the beef needed to fill the second and third requisi- tions, and to raise £16 for that purpose. [1782. J lu May, 1782, the town voted to relieve the tax collector of all responsibility for the counterfeit money he had received prior to Julj', 1781, upon his making oath to the facts. The usual Commit- tee of Correspondence, etc., was chosen this year. [1783. j In March, of this year, the town voted to build two pounds, one to be erected on the neck and the other on the island. In May, Nathaniel Purinton, Esquire, Lieutenant Anthony Coombs, Deacon Andrew Dunning, Benjamin Dunning, and Lieutenant Michael Curtis were chosen a Committee of Inspection, " on account of the Return of the Absentees." [1785. j In March, 1785, the town voted to rent a workhouse, also to pay for labor on the highways the following rates : 4s. per day per man, 2s. for oxen, 8d. for a cart, and Is. for a plough. [1787.] On January 8, 1787, the town voted in favor of the three eastern counties being made a separate State, and Captain Isaac Snow was elected to represent the town at the convention to be held at Portland on the last Wednesday in January. On December 10, Captain Isaac Snow was elected a delegate to attend the convention to be held at Boston on the second Wednesdaj' of the succeeding Januarj', and a committee was chosen to give him instructions. On the twenty-eighth of the month the town met to hear the instructions which the committee had prepared, and it was at this meeting voted to "except [accept] the federal Constitution with Amendments." This vote explains the object of the convention for which the town had chosen a delegate. [1792.] The town appears to have been very undecided as to the utility of a separation of the eastern counties from Massachusetts. Jn January it voted in favor of it and in May against it. [1794 ] On August 1 1, 1794, it was voted " to give the men that 172 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. shall go on this detachment five dollars as a bounty if they are called for into service. Voted to make up to the men that shall List with the Continental Pay, twelve dollars per month for three months if they should be called into actual service.'' The object for which a detachment was made from the Harpswell company of militia has not been ascertained. It is evident, however, from the above vote, that it was of a national character. In November of this year, Stephen Purinton, Johnson Stover, and Benjamin Dunning were chosen to make a survey and plan of the town, in accordance with the provisions of an Act of the General Court passed the preceding eighteenth of June. [1795. J This year the town voted — thirty-eight to twelve — against a revision of the Constitution. [1796. J In May of this j^ear the town voted "That if any let his Ram go at Large between the first da}' of September and the Tenth Day of November he shall forfeit the Ram." [1797.] On May 10, 1797, the town again voted against a sepa- ration of the District of Maine from the State of Massachusetts. [1798.] At a meeting held October 15, 1798, the town voted against "the formation of a new county to be composed of the towns of Brunswick, Harpswell, Durham, Georgetown, Bath, Topsham, Bow- doin, Bowdoiuham, Little River, Litchfield, Green, Lewiston, Wales, and Littleborough." [1803.] In 1803 the town offered a bounty of four cents for each crow killed during that year. [1805.] In 1805 it was voted that " if the Treasurer shall receive any bank bills that will not pass that the town will receipt for the same." This was a singular waj^ to discountenance the counterfeiting of moneJ^ [1810.] This town seems to have been remarkably lenient towards those who had been imposed upon bj^ counterfeit, or bad money, for this year it was voted " to receive a three dollar bill of the Widow Sarah Haskell, on Vermont State Bank, said not to be good, and give her good monej'' in lieu of the same, and voted that Paul Raymond have the bill and make sale of it to the best advantage." [1812.] At the annual meeting in 1812, the town voted "that Peter Birthright [and his famil}'] live on the premises where they are and the Selectmen supply them with necessarj-s." A present often dollars was also voted to Samuel Clark. At a special meeting, held August 24th, Stephen Purinton and John Curtis were elected delegates to a County Convention to be held at Gray " to take MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BAEPSWELL. 1 73 measures to alleviate the miseries of war, and bring about a speedy and lasting peace." The selectmen, with Stephen Purinton and Marl- borough Sylvester, were chosen a Committee of Safety and Correspond-, ence. [1814. J At a meeting held July 25th, the town chose Stephen Purinton as an agent to go to Boston to receive Harpswell's quota of the State stock of arms and ammunition, provided that he could get them at the expense of the State and without cost to the town. At a town mieeting held the seventh of November, the selectmen were chosen a committee to receive into their care the arms and equipments for the town, and were authorized to dispose of the arms, one to a person, on sufficient security that those who received them would deliver them up when called for. [181 6. J In Maj', 1816, the town again voted against a separation from Massachusetts, and in September also, by a still stronger vote. At this latter meeting Reverend Samuel Eaton was chosen as delegate to the convention to be held at Brunswick on the last Mondaj' in September. [1817. J In 1817 the collectorship of taxes on the Great Island was struck off at auction to John Eeed at five and a quarter cents, and that on the Neck to David Orr at four and a half cents on the dollar. [18 19. J In Jul}', 1819, the town again voted against the separation of Maine, but at a meeting held in September, Stephen Purinton was elected delegate to the Portland convention, and on the sixth of December the town voted in favor of accepting the Constitution prepared by that convention. TJNDEE STATE OP MAINE. [1821. J At a meeting held February 25, 1821, the town voted to send a representative to the legislature for their proportionate part of the time, but objected to being classed for representation with any other town. At this meeting the town also voted against being set off from the county of Cumberland, and also against the formation of a new county. At a meeting held in May, it was voted " that Joseph Eaton shall purchase locks and hinges for the town chest, at the expense of the town." [1822. j In 1822 the town's poor were, according to custom, set at vendue, but a vote was passed that those who bid them off should fur- nish them with suitable food and with tobacco, but should provide no clothing without the consent of the overseers of the poor. At a meeting of the town, held on December 21, a committee was chosen 174 HISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. to present to the legislature a remonstrance against the proposed division of Cumberland Count}'. At this meeting the selectmen were instructed to remonstrate to the legislature " against the now extended limits of the jail j-ard in this county." ^ The town also voted that the selectmen and town clerk should "instruct the repre- sentative in future events." [1823. J In 1823 the town voted in favor of allowing the inhabi- tants of Great Island to be set off as a separate town. [1825. J At the annual fall meeting this year, " it was motioned and seconded to take the minds of the people whether to send a rep^ resentative or not, and the vote was not to send. The presiding selectman then told the people if there were any who wished to bring in their votes he should receive them." The result was that John Curtis had twenty-two votes, Paul Randall thirteen, and Peleg Curtis one vote. [1826. J At the September meeting, in 1826, the town voted that the militia should be furnished with one quarter of a pound of powder for each man — made into blank cartridges — and that the commanders of companies should cause it to be expended in teaching the men pre- cision in firing. Luther Dana was, in November of this year, licensed " as a retailer of strong liquors to be spent out of his shop." This is the first license of the kind recorded in the town records. [1827.] In 1827 the town voted to let the powder remain in the magazine, and to paj' the militia money instead of rations ; also, to deliver to each non-commissioned officer and private — at the review inspection — one quarter of a pound of powder to be made into blank cartridges. [1829. J In 1829 the town voted that the selectmen should grant licenses to sell intoxicating liquors to all suitable persons, who were victuallers or retailers, that should applj- for a license agreeably to the provisions of an Act passed in March of that jear. [1831. J On Januarj' 3, 1831, the town voted unanimously against the formation of a new county, if Harpswell was to be included in it. On January 25, it was voted to petition the legislature not to class Harpswell with anj- other town for representation, but for it to author- ize the town to elect a representative for such a portion of time and at such period as should be equal to their portion of representation. The request was not granted. 1 Was this an exquisite bit of satire, implying that the jail was so insecure that the prisoners roamed all over the comity ? MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPS WELL. 175 [1832. J On July 7, 1832, a law of March, 1832, relating to vacci- nation was read, and the town then voted to make no provision for vaccinating the inhabitants, and to raise no monej- for such a purpose. Peleg Curtis, Joseph Eaton, Levi L. Totman, Stephen Snow, and David Johnson, 2d, were chosen a Health Committee, and were instructed to use all reasonable means to prevent the introduction and spread of the cholera in that town. [1834. J On February 15, 1834, the town voted, for a fourth time, against the formation of a new county, and still again at a meeting in September. It was also voted this year that no licenses should be granted to retailers, permitting them to sell liquor to be drank in their stores. The selectmen were authorized to grant permits for the taking of lobsters, and the next year (1835), they were instructed to grant a license to Captain John Smith, of Waterford, Connecticut, and com- pany, to take lobsters, — he not to employ more than six smacks, — and to none others, for the sum of one hundred dollars per year until the town ordered otherwise. [1836.] An article in the warrant for the annual meeting of the town in 1836, for purchasing one or more hearses, was " passed over," and until the year 1877 there was no hearse in town. [1837.] In March of this year the representative was instructed to favor the passage of an Act so that the town might receive its pro- portion of the surplus revenue. At a meeting, held the next April, Benjamin Randall was chosen an agent to receive the town's propor- tion of the surplus revenue, and it was voted to have this money loaned to the citizens, and a committee was chosen to superintend the loan. It was also, at this meeting, voted that the overseers of the poor should trj' to remove all negroes from the town. This action ma}' have been due to antipathj"^ against the race, but it was more probably because the negroes were all paupers. The town, also, this year, voted almost unanimously against an amendment to the State Constitution relative to bail. [1838.] This j'ear the town voted that the surplus revenue money should be divided among the citizens, per capita, as soon as it could be collected. Paul Eandall was chosen an agent to collect and distrib- ute it, and he was authorized to collect it "in Union Bank bills and small change." [1839.] The town this year voted against a proposed amendment to the State Constitution, relating to the tenure of judicial officers. [1840. J At the regular meeting this year a committee was appointed to consider and report concerning the annual value of the 176 mSTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. lobster privilege. They reported that it was worth one hundred and ten dollars per year, and the town voted to lease it at that price. [18-11 .J The town, this j-ear, voted in favor of a resolve of the legislature, passed in April, which reduced the number of repre- sentatives to one hundred and fiftj'-one. Also, in favor of diminish- ing the number of rejpresentatives when they reached two hundred: The town, this year, again petitioned the legislature not to class Harpswell with any other town, but to assign its proportion of rep- resentation. [1843. J A committee was chosen, this year, to ascertain where land could be purchased for an almshouse. [1844. J The town, in 1844, voted very stronglj' against a resolve of the legislature for amending the Constitution, which was passed March 19, and it also voted unanimously against an Act to estab- lish town courts, which was passed bj' the legislature, March 22. [1845. j In Februarj^, 1845, a committee was chosen to petition the legislature for a separate representation. Several meetings were held in the winter and spring of this j'ear, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Samuel Mayall, the representative to the legisla- ture. There was no choice, as this town voted each time for a Harpswell man instead of one from Graj', the town with which it was classed in representation. The town this year purchased land and built a house — which it still owns — on Lamboe's Point, for Thomas J. Pennell and familj', who had lately removed from GraJ^ Pennell was a poor man, but able-bodied, and the town furnished this assist- ance as a precautionarj' measure to keep him from becoming a pauper. [1846. J This year the town had the same trouble as the year before in regard to electing a representative. [1847. J The town in 1847 voted against a resolve of the legisla- ture which provided for the election of representatives to the legislature bj- a plurality vole ; also, against an Act pledging the credit of the State and creating a State debt. [1851. J In 1851 the town again petitioned for a separate repre- sentation in the State legislature. [1852. J In 1852 the selectmen were instructed to appoint an agent to sell liquors. [1853 ] At a special meeting, held on February 26, 1853, the town was found to be unanimously opposed to Harpswell being set off from Cumberland and annexed to another countj^ and it was voted to remonstrate against all petitions for new counties that in- cluded Harpswell. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 177 [1855. J In March of this j'ear the town voted not to dispense with a liquor agency, but that if the selectmen should appoint an agent they should buy the liquor and pay him a reasonable compensa- tion for selling it, the town receiving the profits thereof. In September the town voted against certain proposed amendments to the State Constitution, by which judges of probate, registers of probate, sher- iffs, municipal and police judges, land-agent, attorney-general, and adjutant-general should be elected by the people. [1856.] In March, 1856, the selectmen were instructed to see if the old meeting-house could be obtained of the proprietors, and in September the town voted to buy it for a town-house, for one hundred dollars, the price being that fixed by the proprietors. [1857. J The selectmen were instructed in 1857 to remove the bodj- pews in the town-house, build a chimnej', pro^■Lde wood, etc. [1868. J. At a special meeting, held in May of this year, the town voted unanimously in favor of the prohibitory law ; fifty-nine votes being cast. [1859. J The town in 1859 voted against State aid to the " Aroos- took Railroad Company." It was also voted that the selectmen should take counsel in reference to some disputed islands adjacent to Harpswell, and should report as to the probability of the town's being able to denj- them. The representative to the legislature was instructed to use all means in his power to reduce the expenses of the State government. [1861.] In 1861 the town voted to petition the legislature for a separate representation for the term of ten years. The request was not granted. The town records, subsequently to the last date, contain nothing of general interest, except what relates to the enlistment of volunteers and the support of their-families, which will be mentioned in another connection, until 1865. [1865.] At a meeting, held April 8, of this j-ear, it was voted to raise $2,500 to purchase a town farm. Charles Stover, Paul C. Alexander, and Paul A. Durgan were chosen to hire the money and were instructed to hire it on town bonds, running fifteen years. This vote, however, was evidently never carried into effect. [1866. J At the annual meeting in 1866 the town voted to leave the poor in the care of the overseers. It was also voted to raise $1,500 for the support of the poor. [1867. J In 1867 the selectmen were authorized and instructed to have a room finished in the gallery of the town-house for an office, 12 1 78 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. and also to build a chimney and procure a stove, and to have the building shingled. At a meeting held June 3d, the town voted unani- mouslj' in favor of an Act of the legislature for the suppression of drinking-houses and tippling-shops. [1869. j At the annual meeting this j'car it was voted to buy a town farm, and L. H. Stover, William C. Eaton, and S. S. Toothaker were chosen a committee to get proposals, and were instructed to report at a meeting to be called for the purpose. The committee reported on the twenty-fourth of April, and the town voted to raise $3,000 by loan to purchase a farm, and the selectmen were instructed (if in their judgment the interests of the town required the purchase of a town farm) to purchase such a farm as they should think proper, and make the necessary repairs on the. same. [1870. j At the annual meeting in 1870, the town voted to leave the care of the poor with the overseers, and also to raise. $1,500 for their support. The town also voted " that the treasurer be instructed to keep the State bonds arising from equalization in his own house." [1871. J On January 14, 1871, the town voted that the selectmen and overseers of the poor " be and are hereby instructed to build a new barn for James Alexander in place of the one destroyed by fire, and that they furnish him with hay and sufficient farming tools, using their discretion in the matter." The town also passed the following resolve : — " That in our candid judgment the bu^rning of the barn of James Alexander, 2d, and the maiming of his cattle in the nigfit-time by some person or persons unknown, is an outrage upon a peaceable com- munity which demands the most vigorous efforts to detect aud convict the perpetrator, as no person is safe in his person or property in a community containing at large such a person. " Therefore, Resolved, That the selectmen be authorized and in- structed and are hereby required to make diligent search to appre- hend and convict tlie offender, using their discretion as to the methods to be taken to produce that result." The selectmen were also instructed to oppose the repeal of the Porgie Law, before the Committee on Fisheries at Augusta. At a meeting held February 6th, the following preamble and resolu- tion were passed by unanimous vote : — " Whereas the location of our town of Harps well is so isolated and is so far removed from any town not entitled to a representative, that it would be very inconvenient, and of no benefit to have it classed for representation. MUNICIPAL HISTOST OF HAItPSWELL. 179 " Therefore, Resolved, That we in our corporate capacity, agreeable to the requirements of the constitution of Maine, do hereby determine against a classification with any other town or plantation, and we do herebj- instruct the town clerk to forward a copy of this resolution to the speaker of the House of Representatives, praying that the legisla- ture ma}' authorize the town of Harpswell to elect a representative for such portion of time and such periods as shall be equal to its por- tion of representation." The pra3-er was not granted, however, and Harpswell still continues to be a classed town. At the annual meeting this year, the town voted that the selectmen " be authorized to purchase a town farm the present year and to hire money for the purpose." This vote, however, was never carried into effect. [1873. J» At a meeting held in October, 1873, the town voted to exempt fram taxation for six years the property located and the capi- tal invested in Harpswell, of S. F. Perley and twenty-five others, who were associated for the manufacture of superphosphates, bona, plaster, fertilizers, and acids. The important doings of the town not already mentioned will be found incorporated in other chapters. 180 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. CHAPTER IV. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. The town of Topsham first received its name, legally, in the year 1717, when a vote passed in the House of Representatives of the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts, "That the other Town Plotted In a square of a Mile to y" eastward of Androscoggin River fronting to Merrimeeting Bay be allowed and accepted by the name of Topsham and be Plotted & Laid out the quantity of Six miles Square as the Land will allow." ^ This tract of land was mainly settled by English emigrants, the greater number of whom are supposed to have come from the town of Topsham, England, and to have named the place in memory of their former home. The situation of the place on the bank of a river may possibly have given it, to the minds of its founders, a fancied resemblance to its English namesake. The settlement of the town under the Pejepscot proprietors has already been given in previous chapters. No records of any municipal doings of the inhabitants previous to the incorporation of the town have been preserved, if, indeed, there ever were such. UNDER THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. [1764. J The municipal history of the town commences, therefore, with its incorporation in January, 1764. The petition for an Act of Incorporation was as follows : — "PROVINCE OF THE MASS^ BAY. " To His Excbllbnct Francis Barnard Esq Gov" & Commander in Chief of Said Province, The Hon""-" His Majbstys Councill and THE Hon""-" House of Repkesentativks in General Court assem- bled, Dec. 21, 1763. "THE PETITION OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE SETTLEMENT OF TOPSHAM IN THE COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Most Humbly Sheweth. "That from the Year 1715 under the Sanction & approbation of this Honoured court the Settlement of said Place was projected at the ^ Massachusetts Records, 1717. MUmCIPAL HISTORY OF T0P8HAM. 181 Desire & Expense of the Pejepscot Proprietors under wliose Eight the said Inhabitants originalij- settled & so continue to this present time : That we always have been and still are an Exposed Frontier & have greatly suffered by the Indian Enemy Nevertheless by the Divine Favour have maintained said Settlement under the Protection of this Government and there are at this time to the number of thirty five families who are desirous of being incorporated that so they may be enabled to have the Gospell setled among them having ah*eady erected a Frame for the Meeting house in said Place ; also that thej^ may be qualified to transact their Affairs among themselves necessary to their better Settlement in Town Order the said Inhabitants having laboured under many Inconveniences on these Accounts and by their Situation have been Subjected to be taxed by the Town of Brunswick on which account they have had Just Cause to think themselves no so fairly treated by them. "Therefore your Petitioners most humbly entreat this Honourd Court would be pleased to incorporate them into a Township or District that they may be entitled to the Advantages & Priviledges other Towns enjoy by virtue of the Koyall Charter and that the said present Settlement may thrive & flourish under the encouragement & Protection of this Hon'^ Court, And your Petitioners as in Duty bound shall ever pray. " Adam Hunter John Patten- William Thoene Sam" Winchell James Beveeidge Sam" Staples EzHA Randall . John Winciiell William Reed June Stephen Staples Chaeles Robinson Joseph Geaves JoiJN Reed Johnson Graves William Reed Samuel Graves David Reed Aechibald Moffatt JoHX Orb Gowen Fulton James Mustard James Woek Eben' Woek James Hunter W;: Hunter James Fulton Robert Fxjlton John Fulton W" Patten "1 '^ Pejepscot Papers. 182 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. In accordance with this petition, Topsham was duly incorporated in 1764. The following is a copy of the Act of Incorporation : — "Anno Eegni Regis GEOEGII III Tbbtio Quarto, 1764. "TOPSHAM A TOWNSHIP. "AN ACT for erecting a Town in the County of Lincoln by the Name of Topsham. " Whereas the Inhabitants settled on a Tract of Land sit- uate on the ensterly Side of Androscoggin River, lying convenient for a Town, hitherto called and known hy the name of Topsham, within the County of Lincoln, have Preamble. humbly petitioned this Court, that for the Reasons there- in mentioned, they may he Incorporated into a Town, and vested with the Powers and Authorities belonging to other Towns. Therefore for the Encouragement of said Settlement : "Be it enacted by his Excellency the Goveenoe, t, ^ - Council and House of Representatives in General Topsham. CouET Assembled. "That the Said Tract of Land described as follows, viz. to begin upon the Southerly Line of the Town of Bowdoinhnm, where Said Line strikes the Water, and from thence to, run a West Northwest Course upon said Bowdoinham Line, as far as it goes, and from, thence on the same Streight Course to Little River so called, which is about eight Miles from the Water aforesaid, and from thence South- wardly down said Little River to Androscoggin River, and down said Androscoggin River to Merry-meeting Bay, and from thence to the Line of Bowdoinham aforesaid, including several small Islands or Islets lying in said Androscoggin River, between the Said Little River and the Falls at Brunswick Fort, be, and hereby is erected into a Town to be called Topsham, and the Inhabitants thereof shall have and enjoy all such Immunities and Priviledges as other Towns in this Province have and do by Law enjoy. ' ' And be it further enacted. That Aaron Hinkley, pirst meeting Esq. be and herebj' is empowered to issue his Warrant how to be called, to some principal Inhabitant of the said Town of Topsham, requiring him in his Majesty's Name to warn and notify the said Inhabitants MUNICIPAL BISTORT OF TOPSHAM. 183 qualified to vote in Town Affairs, to meet together at such Time and Place iu Said Town as shall be appointed in said Warrant, to chuse such Officers as the Law directs and may be necessarj^ to manage the Affairs of Said Town ; and the Inhabitants being so met shall be and hereby are impowered to Chuse such Officers accordingly."! The first town meeting was held May 9, 1764. In accordance with the Act of Incorporation, the warrant for this meeting was issued by Aaron Hinkley, of Brunswick, a justice of the peace, and was addressed to Adam Hunter. The following officers were elected at this meeting, viz. : — Gowen Fulton, moderator ; William Thorne, clerk ; Adam Hunter, treasurer; John Fulton, John Read, and John Merrill, selectmen; Hugh Wilson, constable; David Reed, Paul Randall, and Samuel Wilson, survej-ors of highways ; James Work and Thomas Wilson, tithing-men; Ezra Randall and WiUiam Wilson, fence-viewers; Robert Gore, sealer of leather ; James Beverage and William Alexan- der, hog constables ; Stephen Staples and John Winchell, surveyors of boards, at Cathance ; John Merrill and William Wilson, surveyors of boards; Samuel Staples, pound-keeper; James Mustard, field-driver; James Hendry (?), surveyor of staves, shingles, and hoop poles; Adam Hunter, sealer of weights and measures ; James Hunter and Robert Gore, wardens. At a meeting, held June 2, Thomas Wilson, Adam Hunter, John Reed, John Fulton, and John Merrill were chosen a committee to lay out the highways and roads through the town. The town at this meeting voted to raise £34 13s. 4d. as a contingent fund. There is no record to be found of any meetings of the town in 1765. [1766.J At a meeting of the town, held May 8, 1766, Mr. Wil- liam Patten was chosen to prefer a petition to the General Court " in order to get Kate Hance Point annexed to Topsham, and likewise all the islands in Brunswick River, below the falls." [1767.] The above-mentioned petition was presented to the House of Representatives, and in 1767 the committee to which it was referred reported in favor of its dismissal, and it was dismissed.^ At a town meeting, held in July of this year, it was voted to allow men 3s. per day for work on the highways, and 2s. per day tor each yoke of oxen. [1769. J In 1769 Messrs. John Patten, William Patten, Robert 1 Topsham Town Records. ^Massachusetts Records, Vol. 26, 1767, p. 49. 184 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Fulton, and Eobert Patten, inhabitants of Catliance Point in the town of Bowdoinham, presented a petition to the General Court, asking to be set off from Bowdoinham and annexed to Topsham. The petition was considered by the General Court, and an order issued that the petitioners should notify .the town of Bowdoinham that they might show cause at the next session of the Court why the prayer of the petitioners should not be granted. i At the March meeting of the town, this year, James Potter, Jr., was chosen "to go to the General Court to get Cow Island, together with all the islands in the Narrows, annexed to Topsham." [1771. J On the petition from Topsham it was ordered, in 1771, that the petitioners should notify the town of Brunswick that their petition was revived, in order that the agents of that town might be on hand at the next session of the Court.^ At the May meeting, this year, the town requested Mr. John Merrill to draw up a memorial to the General Court, asking to have the line determined between Brunswick and Topsham. [1774. J At a meeting of the town, held November 19, 1774, it was unanimously voted that the town would stand by what the Continental and Provincial Congresses had done. [1775. J At a town meeting, held April 30, 1775, Eobert Gower and William Randall were chosen a committee to meet the committees of other towns at Pownalborough on the second of May, to represent the town of Topsham, as to the matter of provisions and ammuni- tion, and to consider the method of furnishing the same. The selectmen having petitioned the General Court for a supply of powder, that body passed a resolve to the effect that Topsham, being a seaport place in the eastern part of the colony, and much exposed to the attacks of the Indians, therefore it was recommended to the select- men of Wrentham, Massachusetts, to furnish the town with one half barrel of gunpowder at the expense of the colony. ^ [1776.] The town, at its March meeting this year, instructed the selectmen to petition the General Court to take off the provincial tax, "till the trade is opened." At this meeting James Potter, Junior, David Reed, James Fulton, John Merrill, and Eobert Hunter were chosen a Committee of Inspection, Safety, and Correspondence. At a meeting held June 12th, the selectmen were authorized to hire £30, lawful money, to furnish the town with a stock of powder. In ^Massachusetts Records, Vol, 28, 1769, p. 144. '^Massachusetts Records, Vol. 29, 1771, p. 257. ^ Massachusetts Records, Vol. 31, 1775, p. 212. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 185 December, the town voted to keep this powder at Captain James Mustard's and at Captain Actor Patten's. [1777.] At the annual meeting of the town in March, 1777, a new Committee of Safetj-, etc., was chosen, consisting of Joseph Graves, David Robinson, Joseph Foster, James Purinton, and Pelatiah Haley. At another meeting, held the latter part of this same month, it was voted to petition the General Court for authority to collect the "Province Taxes" for 1776. Also, to send an agent to meet with other committees in other towns of the county, to regulate the prices of goods, etc. [1778.] At the May meeting in 1778, the number voting against the constitution of the government, as it then was, was nineteen, and there were none in favor of it. The small number voting may possibly be due to a bad state of the weather and a consequently thin attendance, rather than to indifference. This vote was in reference to the ratification of the first Constitution of Massachusetts. i A good deal of doubt was felt in town about this time in regard to the legalitj' of a number of previous meetings, in consequence of there having been a neglect on the part of the constables to make a regular return on the warrants for holding these meetings. The matter was laid before the General Court in a petition. The General Court accordinglj' passed a resolve this year, " That none of the proceedings of said meetings or of any town meetings since March, 1776, shall be considered as invalid on account of the irregularity of the said returns, or neglect in recording the same." ^ [1779. J In March, 1779, the town requested John Merrill, Esquire, to furnish a plan of the whole township. At a meeting held in July, the town voted to procure the number of shoes, stockings, and shirts wliich the General Coui-t called for, for the use of the army. [1780. J At the annual meeting in 1780, the town voted to give fifty dollars a pair for the shoes referred to above, sixty dollars a pair for the shirts, and forty dollars a pair for the stockings. The town at this meeting appropriated £1,600 for highways, and voted to pay twenty dollars per day for work on the same. £1,000 was also appro- priated for cuiTcnt expenses. At a meeting of the town held November 20, the selectmen were instructed to inform the General Court that the beef called for by them 3 could not be obtained without great difiiculty. ' Bancroft, History of United States, 9, p 260. ^Massarhv setts Records Vol 38, 1778, p. 674. 'Each town was required to furnish its proportion of beef, etc , for the support of the Massachusetts army. 186 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, T0P8HAM, AND HARPSWELL. [1781.] At a special meeting, held February 6, 1781, the town voted to postpone getting the beef referred to above, " until further orders." At this meeting a committee was chosen to procure the enlistment of seven men for the army, as required by the General Court. At the April meeting. Actor Patten, Lieutenant David Reed, and John Rogers were chosen a Committee of Correspondence and Safety. At a meeting held in May, the selectmen were directed to purchase the cows " promised to the Continental soldiers." The town also, at this meeting, voted that if the General Court had released or would release this county from sending its quota of men to the Con- tinental Army, in that ease the selectmen would " settle with the soldiers for this town as they think proper.'' The town also voted to raise £486, hard money, or cows with calf or with calves by their side, — cows to be reckoned equivalent to eight pounds each, — or £3,000 in paper-money. At a meeting held the July following, it was voted to petition the General Court to release the town from providing the beef called for by them. [17rf2.J At a meeting held January 14, 1782, the town voted to petition the General Coui-t in regard to the difHculty they experienced in paying their taxes, and to employ William Lithgow, Esquire, of Boston, to speak in favor of the petition. In March, John Merrill and William Wilson were chosen a committee to petition the General Court in regard to the people at Little River settlement refusing to pa}' their taxes. Probably the settlement at Little River was an " adjacent " of Topsham. At a meeting of the town, held on the last day of August, Captain George White was chosen delegate to a convention to be held at Wiscasset, to consider the question of a separation of the District of Maine from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. [1783. J At the March meeting in 1783 it was voted to rate the islands below the Falls to the town of Topsham. The wolves must have been committing depredations about this time, as at this meet- ing a bounty of 40s. per head was offered for all that were killed. At a meeting held in May, the town voted to comply with the resolve of the town of Boston, in regard to permitting absent refugees to return. Captain David Reed, John Winchell, and Robert Alexander were chosen a Committee of Correspondence and Safety, this 3'ear. [1784.] William Reed, Ezekiel Thompson, and John Rogers were chosen a Committee of Correspondence and Safetj' for 1784. [1785. J William Randall, Actor Patten, and Joseph Berry were MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSH.Ur. 187 the Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety for tiie j-ear 1785. At a meeting held in November of this j-ear, Samuel Thomp- son was chosen a delegate to a convention to be held at Falmouth, to consider as to the advisability of having the eastern counties made into a new State. The town at this time voted to petition the Gen- eral Court to relieve them, wholly or in part, of their taxes, then due, or about to become due, on account of " the great loss the town had sustained by the late great freshet." It was, also, at this meeting, resolved, " that the former petition sent to the General Court, with regard to the islands in the Androscoggin River being annexed to Topsham," was agreeable to the present wishes of the town. The General Court this year, on the petition of the inhabitants of Topsham with regard to the islands before mentioned, ordered that the petitioners serve the town of Brunswick with an attested copy of their petition, and of this order, twenty days before the second Wednesday of the next session of the Court. ^ On the petition for an abatement of taxes, the General Court so far granted the request as to direct the treasurer of the Commonwealth to credit the town of Topsham with the sum of £126 6s. 2d. on the sec- ond tax set on the town in the year 1780.^ [1786. J At the annual town meeting in 1786, Samuel Thompson was chosen a delegate to the convention to be held at Falmouth on the first Wednesday of the following September. The question as to ' whether the District of Maine should be separated from Massachusetts was brought before the people in November, and this town voted in favor of a separation. [1787.] At the annual meeting in 1787, the selectmen were directed to see that the town was provided with a stock of powder and ammunition, as provided 'by law. They were also directed to join in a petition of the people of Cathance in regard to having Cat- hance Neck annexed to Topsham. At this meeting a committee was chosen to take care of the fishery, agreeable to an act of the General Court in 1780, providing for its protection.^ At a meeting held Sep- tember 29, it was voted to petition the General Court " to consider us with regard to our deficiency in not [?] paying our taxes." At a meeting held the last day of the year, the town voted " against the constitution," and Samuel Thompson was chosen a delegate to a con- vention to be held at Boston.* ' Massachusetts Records, Vol 46, 1785, p. 97. ^ ma:^ p. 534. s Massachusetts Records, Vol. 48, J5. 472. *Seep. 132. 188 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. [1788.] On March 29, 1788, the General Court decided, on the petition of John Patten and others, of Bowdoinham, and of the town of Topsham, that Patten's Point, so called, be set off from the town of Bowdoinham, and annexed to the town of Topsham. i At the May meeting, 1788, the selectmen were instructed to employ some person as agent to discharge the beef tax then standing against the town, and to authorize him to draw the money out of the town treasurj'. The town at this meeting voted that an application should be made to the General Court for an act to stop the catching of salmon by dip-nets and seines, and to prevent the building of weirs. Samuel Thompson was elected representative to the General Court, but was instructed not to attend its nest session without oixlers from the selectmen. Another petition was also ordered to be sent to the General Court, in regard to the deficiency in taxes. At a meeting held in December the town gave its consent to the building of a boom from Mason's Rocls to Ferry Point, ^ and fixed a scale of prices to be paid the owners of the boom, for stopping masts, bowsprits, logs, etc. [1791. J In 1791 the representative was instructed not to attend the session of the General Court except so ordered by the authorities of the town, unless at his own expense. The town this j'ear voted in favor of a separation of the District of Maine from Massachusetts. The town also voted against the proposed plan of cutting a canal from the Carrying-Place in Brunswick to Maquoit. But one person voted in favor of this project, while there were fifty voting in the negative. ■■ The town also voted to raise this year one half of the money allowed by the General Court for the damages caused by the great freshet of 1785. The excessive depreciation of the old paper currency at this time is shown by the instructions given to the selectmen, which were to the effect that they should take the paper-money belonging to the town and sell it as best they could, but not for a less price than seven dollars, current money, for $1,000 of the old. [1792. J In 1792 the town voted to distribute, among the sufferers bj' the great freshet of 1785, one half of the money allowed by the General Court for this purpose. At the May meeting the town again voted in favor of a separation of the District from the Commonwealth. In November the town cast its vote in favor of Samuel Thompson as a Presidential elector. In the list of votes for Presidential electors, 1 Massachusetts Special Laws, Vol. 1, p. 194. '^ Ferry Point, the point of land at the Topsham end of the iron bridge. Before the toll-bridye was built, there was a ferry from this point to the landing in Brunswick below Mason's Rock, hence its name. MUNICIPAL IIISTOIiT OF TOP SB AM. 189 in the Massachusetts archives, the number of votes for him is recorded as seventy-seven. [1793.] In 1793 Samuel Thompson was chosen a delegate to the convention, to be held at Portland in December, to consider the expe- diency of forming a new State. [1 794.] At the annual meeting in 1 794, the town voted to purchase a stock of ammunition. At a meeting, held September 18, William King, afterwards governor, being moderator, the town voted " that those men who shall this day enlist, agreeably to the Act of Congress of the 10th of ]\Iay last,i shall receive a bounty of four dollars per man, whether called for or not." The town, moreover, voted that those who should enlist should have their wages made equal, by the town, to ten dollars a month, from the time they should march to actual sei-vice until their discharge from the service, allowing them a reason- able time to return home ; and that they should have one month's wages advanced on their march. Also, that one dollar of the aforesaid bounty should be paid on enlistment, and the remaining three dollars on pro- ducing a certificate of having passed muster. Colonel John Eead, Jr., Captain Actor Patten, and Doctor Benjamin Jones Porter were chosen a committee to draw up the enlistment orders and to wait on the men and see that their names were enrolled. In November it was voted that a survey of the town be taken, agreeably to a resolve of the General Court. This j'ear, for the first time, several persons were warned to leave the town, not having its consent to reside therein. [1795. J At the meeting, this year, the selectmen were authorized to take measures to secure the lot of land called the school lot, which was said to belong to the town. Samuel Thompson was chosen a delegate to a convention, held at Portland, for the same pui-pose as the previous conventions, and Wil- liam King was chosen representative to the General Court. [1797.] The question in regard to a separation of the District from the Commonwealth again came before the people in May, 1797, and the town voted forty-six in favor to one against a separation. [1798.] This year William King was chosen delegate to a conven- tion to be held at Hallowell, on the fourth Tuesday of the October following, to consider the expediency of dividing Lincoln County, and if judged expedient, to agree on the dividing line. [1799.] At a meeting held May 6, 1799, the town voted to peti- tion the General Court to have a Court of Common Pleas and General ^FoT the improvement of the militia, Williamson, 2, p. 570. 190 BISTORT OF BUUNSWICE, TOPSHAM, AND HASPS WELL. Sessions of the Peace held in Topsham thereafter. Reverend Jona- than Ellis, Doctor Benjamin Jones Porter, and James Purington were chosen a committee to draft and present the petition. [1801. J In 1801 Captain Robert Patten was exempted from pay- ing taxes for that year " by reason of his house being burnt." [1802. J At its March meeting in 1802, the town voted to hold its meetings in future in the Court House, and the meeting in the May following was held there.' At this same meeting it was voted not to send any representative to the General Court that 3'ear. A motion was made to reconsider this vote, but it was not carried. " After the moderator (Reverend Jonathan Ellis) had declared the meeting dis- solved, some person (not one of the selectmen) called for the people to bring in their votes for a representative. One of the selectmen protested against the disorderly manner of introducing the business, and declined having anj'thing to do in receiving the votes. Two of the selectmen, however, with the town clerk, received and counted the votes, receiving, however, a number of unqualified votes and refusing some qualified votes which were offered while the votes were being assorted. The moderator then declared that the town had chosen Jonathan Ellis their representative." The town, at a meeting held on the last day of the same month, had a statement to the above effect prepared for presentation to the legislature, containing a remonstrance against Reverend Jonathan Ellis holding a seat as their represent- ative. He was allowed, however, to take his seat. [1804. J In 1804 a premium of twenty-five cents per head was off'ered for crows. [1806. J A Mrs. Drj'bury became a town charge in 1806. She was the first pauper the town ever had. She lived in a little cot near the First Parish meeting-house. Her house was sold this year by the town for a small sum. At the meeting for choice of governor this year, considerable feel- ing was manifested at what was considered the unfair management of the polls, and a protest was sent to the General Court. The protest was signed by : — Roger Meretll. Jonathan Blaisdell. Gideon Walker. Ltjther Kimball. David Patterson. James Purinton, Jr. Samuel Emery. James Cook. 1 The town meetings had previously been held in the old meeting-house east of the village. Sometimes, in extreme cold weather, the meetings were adjourned to Mrs. Hunter's inn. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 191 Pkter H. Green. David Foster. Gideon Laehabke. Moses Waymouth. Nathaniel Green. William Frost. Samuel Towns. John Kogers. Nathaniel Walker. John Haley, Jr. [1807. J In 1807 the town instructed its senator and repre- sentative to make application to the legislature for its consent to a separation of the District of Maine from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. [1808. j The embargi-o which Congress had, December 22, 1807, declared, was a source of great vexation and suffering to all the New England towns, especially to those on or near the seaboard. Tops- ham suffered from this cause equally with Brunswick or Ilarpswell, and accordingly, at a meeting held August 20, 1808, the town resolved that it ' ' unanimously approves of the doings of the town of Boston," respecting the petitioning for the repeal of the embargo laws, and the selectmen were directed to communicate this action to the selectmen of Boston. The town also voted to present to the President of the United States a memorial requesting him to suspend the embargo, in whole or in part, and Benjamin Orr, Esquire, William Wilson, and Henry Wilson were chosen a committee to draft the address. It was at once prepared and unanimously accepted by the town. The address, probably for the most part the production of Mr. Orr, was as follows : — " To Thos. Jbffbbson, President of the United States : — ' ' The inhabitants of the town of Topsham in the State of Massa- chusetts, legally assembled in town meeting on the twentieth day of August, 1808, respectfully represent: ' ' That having always been influenced by a regard for the general interests and welfare of their country, sincerely attached to its Con- stitution and duly impressed with the necessity of conforming to the laws of their government, they have hitherto submitted to the priva- tions and losses occasioned by the embargo laws, without opposition or complaint, at the same time indulging an anxious hope, that when experience should ascertain the extent and degree of their sufferings, in common with their fellow- citizens, and events in Europe should render it safe and expedient, a speedj' telief would be afforded them, through the existing provisions of Congress for that purpose. ' ' And could your memorialists entertain a belief that the further 192 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. suspension of all foreign commerce and the existing restrictions on domestics were necessarj' to the essential interests of their countrj-, or consistent with the original views and policy of the government in passing the embargo laws, thej' would still wait the pleasure of gov- ernment, without an expression of their wishes for relief. "But concurring in opinion with numerous other sections of citi- zens assembled to express their sentiments on this subject, j'our me- morialists are impressed with a conviction that the late attempt to subjugate the people of Spain to a foreign yoke, and their consequent declaration of independence, and of war agarnst tlie power attempting to impose it, have materially altered the relations of the United States to some of the powers of Europe ; and also believing that the avenues of a safe and lucrative commerce to the people of this countrv are bj' these events laid open, which the wisdom of the legislature has ren- dered available bj' placing the power to suspend the laws restricting it, in your hands : " The3' therefore pra}' that the embargo laws maj' be suspended, in whole or in part, as your wisdom may direct, agreeably to the powers vested in you by Congi'ess for that purpose." A reply was received from President Jefferson to this memorial, which is entered in full on the records of the town. As it is identi- callj' the same answer that was given to similar memorials from the majority of the New England towns, and as it has often been published in documents of State and other works, it is not judged necessary to give it in this connection. [1809. J At a meeting held February 4, 1809, the following reso- lutions and memorial were adopted, — the resolutions to be printed in the Portland Gazette, and the memorial signed by the selectmen and clerk, to be sent to the representative, to be by him presented to the General Court : — " Resolved, That it becomes us not to despair of the safety of our Republic, while we enjoy the constitutional right and liberty of assem- bling peaceably to consult upon the common good and to petition the legislature to devise and promote the redress of the wrongs and griev- ances we suffer. " That as it is our privilege ' in prosperity to rejoice,' it is our duty ' in adversity to consider,' to investigate, to ascertain the causes of the calamities we experience and the most effectual means to remove them. " That we are convinced the people in many instances have not been sufficiently cautious in the exercise of their electoral rights, but MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 193 have permitted themselves to be deceived by craft,y and unprincipled men and have frequently conferred their suffrages on seekers of popu- lar favor, without making the important inquiries, ' Are they capable ? ' ' Are they honest?' ' Are they attached to the Constitution?' " Hence it has happened that many, destitute of requisite talents and integrity, have been promoted to offices of the highest trust and importance ; and that we now feel the extensive mischief naturally arising from this want of caution and inquirj- in the people ; for power obtained by fraud will always resort to violence for support. ' ' That the principles and public conduct of our rulers are the fair objects of a manlj- and public-spirited scrutinj', for the purposes of merited censure or approbation, their continuance or removal from office, in the prescribed forms. ' ' That, when we take into view the great prosperity generally dif- fused through our once happy land, under the arduous administration of the revered Washington and his immediate successor, we are com- pelled to believe, that the numerous and heavy evils since fallen and daily accumulating upon us have been principally occasioned by the departure of our rulers from that wise, firm, liberal, and impartial policy which regulated the conduct of those distinguished patriots. "That, with sorrow, we must confess that the present executive of the United States has appeared to us, in the course of his adminis- tration, more like the dependant and humble friend of a foreign despot than the brave and generous chief of a great spirited and free people, — more devoted to the nefarious schemes of the republic-destroying. King-making Napoleon, than to the security, peace, and happiness of his own country, or to the rights and privileges of those nations, who, having made a noble stand, are now contending from the pure spirit of patriotism against that rapacious tyrant of boundless ambition. "That the people have a right to require of their lawgivers and magistrates, who are at all times accountable to them, an exact and constant observance of constitutional principles in the formation and execution of the laws. " That our national legislature, apparently from the impulse of executive influence, have enacted a system of embargo laws, in ou"r decided opinion, unconstitutional in principle and ruinous in operation, that must subject us abroad to contempt, at home to want and wretch- edness. " That we consider the act entitled ' An Act to enforce the several Embargo Laws of the United States,' a most flagrant violation of many articles in our federal and State Constitution and the measures pre- 13 194 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSEAM, AND HARPSWELL. scribed to carrj- it into effect to be utterly subversive of our dearest • rights and privileges ; that it is a law which the people are not bound to obey and which we believe, from their strong attachment to the liberties of their countrj', they will not obey. " That we most cordially approve the patriotic conduct of those ofHeers of the revenue department who, disdaining to be the instru- ments of arbitrary power, and having a more tender concern for the rights of their fellow-citizen than for the emoluments of office, have lately retired to the post of honor, — a private station. That we sin- cerely hope these patriotic examples will excite a general emulation, and should deeply lament that any from a penurious, calculating spirit, from a mere regard to private property, should submit to or aid the execution of laws destructive of our civil liberties." " MEMORIAL. " To THE Honorable Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled. " The inhabitants of the town of Topsham in legal town meeting as- sembled on the fourth day of February, a. d. 1809, respectfully rep- resent, "That in the late recess of Congress, they petitioned the President of the United States to relieve them from the sufferings occasioned by the embargo, and, finding no hope of relief, they have made a similar application to Congress, by whom their petition has also been neglected. "To your honorable body, therefore, your memorialists are induced to resort for relief, not only from the evils and sufferings of which they had reason to complain to the President and to Congress, but also from others of more serious moment emanating from those high, authorities. " At the time of the passing of the first embargo law, the respect due to the constituted authorities induced your memorialists to hope that it would not be continued in fprce beyond the ability of the people to endure it ; but in the Act recently passed, not only to enforce that law and its supplementary appendages, but to extort additional sacri- fices the most exorbitant, they recognize a policy equally ruinous and oppressive. " Had this law been wholly original it would have been less dread- ful in its aspects ; but in the French decree of April, 1808, it has both an example and guarantee, by which all vessels of citizens of the United States found at sea after that time are declared forfeited to France for breach of the embargo. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 195 " "When such is the concurrence of laws, j'our memorialists can entertain no hope of relief or of safety from the constituted guardians of their national rights and privileges. " To enumerate the losses, privations, and sufferings resulting from the embargo system would be but a recapitulation of circum- stances familiar to everj^ mind. " The protection they afford to seamen brings with it want and misery ; the benefits they confer on merchants are waste and bank- ruptcy, and to the hand of charity they consign the necessitous laborer and his dependants. As to their effects abroad, none are perceptible to your memorialists, except the approbation of the nation to whom alone they are beneficial and the disregard of that which they were manifestly intended to restrain and humble. " The act to enforce the embargo, in its relation to the Constitution, cannot escape the notice of your honorable bodj*. By this act the propert}- of your memorialists, as well as their fellow-citizens, is ren- dered liable to seizure by military force, without evidence, without process or trial, and on the suspicion alone of an accuser, and neither their possessions nor buildings remain a secure depository against the combination of jealousy and force to assail them ; these, with the exaction of exorbitant bonds for acts in themselves lawful at the time of doing them, appear to j'our memorialists calculated to deprive them of their most essential constitutional rights. " In recurring to the transactions of the last session of j'our hon- orable body, 3'our memorialists derive the highest satisfaction from the consideration that the opposing voice of a free people was distinctly expressed to an administration that had been offering up an essentia] part of their national rights a sacrifice to the boundless ambition of a foreign despot, rights that were obtained by the toils of the illustrious Washington and his companions and fellow-sufferers, and secured by a Constitution that will never be abandoned by free men, to the merci- less hands that opposed it in its origin and still seek to destroy it. In the wisdom and firmness of your honorable body to restore to your memorialists and their fellow-citizens of the State the full enjoyment of those rights by rescuing them from the destructi\e grasp of the tyrant of Europe and his minions, they repose the most implicit confi- dence, and they pledge themselves by all the lawful means in their power to support the measures that your honors may adopt for the general safety and relief, against the various acts of violence and oppression with which they have been assailed by foreign and domes- tic usurpers. They therefore pray your honors to take the subject of 196 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSEAM, AND HARPSWELL. their grievances into consideration and adopt such measures of redress as 3'ou, in j'our wisdom, shall deem proper and expedient." [1810. J In the year 1810 a committee was chosen to superintend the inoculation with the kine-pox of all such persons as had not had the small-pox, and one hundred dollars was appropriated for the vac- cination of those unable to bear the expense themselves. [1811. J In 1811 a committee was chosen to discover what method should be taken to keep the highways from being encumbered with mill logs, timber, etc., especially on the island, and in the village near Granny's Hole. This committee reported at a subsequent meeting to the eflf'ect that increased diligence should be required on the part of survej'ors, etc. The committee on vaccination reported that Doctor Isaac Lincoln had vaccinated four hundred and three persons, of which number three hundred and ninety-one cases had been successful and twelve were doubtful. The committee complimented Doctor Lincoln for the zeal and attention which he had shown in the matter. [1812. J In 1812 Benjamin Hasey, Esquire, and Thomas G. Sand- ford were chosen delegates to a county convention, to be held at Wiscasset on August the third, '• to take into consideration the alarm- ing state of public affairs, to ascertain and express by memorial, or otherwise, the voice of the people relative to the v?ae in which we are now involved, and to devise and recommend the most speedy means of relief from its awful calamities." On August the first, tbe follow- ing resolutions were adopted as the sentiments of the people of Tops- ham, and a copj- of them was sent to the Portland Gazette for publication : — " Resolved, That 'in the present season of calamity and war' it behooves the people to exercise their essential and unalienable right of consulting and seeking their safety and happiness ; that, at all times, it is their duty to approve and support, with zeal and alacritj', laws for the vindication of their rights and the advancement of their welfare, and their right and privilege to expose and control, b}- the powers of reason and argument, all public measures endangering their security, thfiir prosperit}' and peace. " Besolmd, That we cannot cease to cherish our fond attachment to the union of the States and the federal Constitution, endeared to us by the upright, wise, and liberal administration of Washington ; that we cannot cease to hope that the innumerable evils already- inflicted by the partial, degrading, and destructive ' exercise of restrictive energies,' commenced by the last administration and consummated MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOP SHAM. 197 by the present, will awaken in ourselves and our fellow-citizens a livelj' sense of our common dangers, and unite us, as the surest means of relief, in a firm resolution to intrust with power those only who are true to the example and faithful to the precepts of the departed Father of our Countrj'. " Resolved, ' That we cannot insult the free and gallant citizens of America with the suspicion that they are less able to defend their rights, than the debased subjects of arbitrary power to rescue theirs from the hands of their oppressors ; that we will not insult them with the supposition that they can ever reduce themselves to the necessity of making the experiment ' ' to regain their lost liberties " by a blind and tame submission to a long train of insidious measures which must precede and produce it.' i " Resolved, ' That a state of war does not destroy or diminish the rights of citizens to examine the conduct of public men and the ten- dency of public measures ' ; ^ that all attempts to impair the liberty of opinion and inquirj', the freedom of speech and of the press, are infringements upon our most invaluable constitutional rights and privi- leges, meriting the pointed disapprobation of all except Napoleon and his humble worshippers. " Resolved, That we deoplj^ lament the numerous facts which loudly proclaim that, in too many instances, the spirit of faction has mis- guided the deliberations of our State and national legislature. That by faction we understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or minoritj' of the whole, who are united and actuated bj' some common impulse of passion or interest adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the whole. " Resolved, That to a factious spirit only can we attribute the con- trivance of our senatorial districts by which nearly three fourths of the present Senate have been elected by a minoritj' of votes of the whole State. That to intemperate party zeal in the Senate so chosen we must ascribe their obstinate refusal to adopt any one of the various propositions made to them by the House of Representatives, at their last session, for dividing the Commonwealth into electoral districts, and especially their refusing to concur in the resolve providing for the choice of electors by the people at large. That we consider these proceedings as disgraceful to the Commonwealth as grievances of the most alarming magnitude, demanding redress without delay ; that we have full confidence that our representative in the General Court will 1 Madison. " De Witt Clinton. 198 mSTOBY OF BUUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. not be wanting in his endeavors to correct procedures so reproachful and oppressive. " Resolved, That to a spirit adverse to the rights of the maritime States we must impute the long neglect and repeated refusals of our Congressional legislature to provide a navj^ in some degree compe- tent to protect our commerce and guard our extensive and almost defenceless coasts ; that our surprise at this neglect is greatly aggra- vated when we call to mind the solemn truths long since announced by the present chief magistrate of the Union, truths the more impor- tant and interesting now we are placed in ' an attitude ' if not in ' an armor' of war. ' Naval batteries, the most capable of repelling for* eign enterprises upon our safetj', are happily such as can never be turned by aperfldiius government against our liberties. The inhab- itants of the Atlanjtic frontier are all of them deeply interested in this provision for naval protection ; and if they have hitherto been suffered to sleep quietl3' in their beds ; if their property has remained safe against the predatory spirit of licentious adventurers ; if their maritime towns have not been compelled to ransom themselves from the terrors of a conflagration by yielding to the exaction of daring and sudden invaders, these instances of good fortune are not to be attrib- uted to the protection of the existing government that claims their allegiance, but to causes that are fugitive and fallacious.' ^ ' ' Resolved, That the closest examination we have been able to make of the long train of our foreign negotiations compels us to believe that the unnecessarj' and ruinous war, into which we are now plunged, is to be attributed more to the impulse of faction, combined with the intriguing, flattering, menacing, confiscating, plundering, and burning policy of the modern Attila, operating upon our own govern- ment with magic influence, than to the ' injustice of a foreign power,' declared to be our enemy. ' ' That a war so forced upon us we can neither approve nor volunta- rily support ; that we cannot consent to forego the abundant and hon- orable returns of legitimate commerce for the scanty and disgraceful plunder of legalized piracy ; we cannot freely exchange the cheering scenes of domestic peace for the chilling horrors of the ' bloody arena.' Indeed we are unwilling wantonly to put to hazard the noblest gifts of God to man, — our liberty and independence, — to assist even our loving friend Napoleon in his aim to destroy the remnant of liberty in Europe, that he may the more easily bring within his iron grasp the 1 Madison. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 199 ' ships, colonies, and commerce of the world.' In short, this war we must reprobate and abhor chiefly because it tends to draw us into a close connection, into a fatal alliance with this tjTant of nations, the enemy of the human race, whose tender mercies are cruel, whose friendship is slavery and death. " Resolved, That, undismayed at the gloomy and threatning aspect of our public affairs, we will not despair of the safety of our confed- erated Republic, trusting that the discerning, enlightened, and resolute spirit of a free people, not to be shaken bj- the ruffian assaults of faction, not to be seduced by the insidious arts of tj'ranny, will speed- il}^ arise in vindication of their honor and in defence of their rights, and make manifest to the world that their confidence cannot be betrayed nor their interests sacrificed with impu7iity." [1814. J In 1814 it was voted to accept the offer of the Court House, for the purpose of holding town meetings, on the terms named by the Court of Sessions. [1816. J At a meeting held May 20, 1816, the town voted strongly against a separation of the District of Maine from Massachusetts, and the representative from Topsham was instructed to use all means in his power to prevent such separation. At a meeting held September 16, Benjamin Hasej' was elected dele- gate to the convention to be held the latter part of the month in Brunswick. At a meeting held November 4, the memorial strongly opposing separation, which was adopted by the convention at Brunswick on the last Monday in September, relative to the separation of the District of Maine from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, was read, and it was then voted that the same should be signed by the selectmen and town clerk, and bj' them be presented in behalf of the inhabitants of the town of Topsham to the honorable General Court. [1818.] At the annual meeting in 1818, Messrs. Abel Merrill, Thomas G-. Sandford, and Captain Nathaniel Walker were chosen a committee to adopt measures for the maintenance of paupers. They reported at the May" meeting in favor of the town poor being collected together and provided for by some one individual. [1819.] At a meeting held July 6th, 1819, the town again, and for the last time, voted in favor of a separation of the District from the Commonwealth. This was the fourth time that the town had voted in favor of a separation, never having voted against it but once. September 20th, Mr. Nathaniel Greene was elected delegate to the convention to be held at Portland in October, for the purpose of 200 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. framiDg a constitution for the new State. On December 6tli, the town voted unanimously in favor of the Constitution framed at that convention. UNDER STATE OE MAINE. [1820. J The annual town meeting this year was held April 3d. This was the first meeting of the town after the admission to the Union of the State > of Maine. At this meeting Mr. Pelatiah Plaley declined any longer service as a selectman, and the thanks of the town were ten- dered him " for the abilitj^ and punctuality displayed in his service in that capacity for many years past." At a meeting held in May following, the representative to the legislature was instructed to advocate a petition in favor of a new county. [1821.] In 1821 the selectmen were instructed to provide a hearse for the use of the town. [1822. J The vote for county officers was this year thrown out by the Court, on account of unlawful proceedings at the town meeting. [1824. J In 1824 the selectmen were instructed to pay each sol- dier belonging to Topsham, who was entitled to receive rations, agreeably to a late law, twenty cents in cash. This was to enable the soldiers to buy their dinner on muster days. The}' were also instructed to employ a phj'sician to vaccinate the town. The town this year voted to purchase the farm occupied by Aaron Thompson, " for the use of the town," paying for the same three hundred dollars in three annual payments. Probably the vote never went into effect. The following by-laws were adopted by the town and approved by the Court of General Sessions this year : — "1. Sliding down hill in winter on sleds or boards, in any of the public streets, prohibited under a penalty of twenty-five cents for each offence. " 2. Playing with, or knocking, a ball in the streets, within three fourths of a mile from the toll-bridge, prohibited, under a fine of twenty-five cents. "3. Smoking a pipe or cigar on the streets prohibited under a fine of twenty-five cents for each offence. " Carrying fire through the streets strictly prohibited, under a penalty of one dollar, unless it was properly secured in some metallic case or pan." [1826. J At a meeting of the town, held in September, 1825, it voted to accept the land on Great Island, purchased by the selectmen for MUNICIPAL EI8T0RY OF TOPSHAM. 201 the use and benefit of the town, at the price of one hundred and twentj-'five dollars. This land was for the erection of a building in which to confine an insane person. At a meeting held in December following, the representative to the legislature was instructed " to oppose the petition of George Jewett and one other," unless the whole expense occasioned by its being granted should be imposed upon the county. It is probable that this petition was for a bridge across the Cathance River, at the eastern part of the town. Persons now living recollect that there was, about this time, considerable discussion in regard to this bridge, and no one has any knowledge of any other purpose for which a petition was likelj' to be presented at this time. [1829. J This j^ear the selectmen were instructed to petition the legislature for a new county. [1832. J In 1832 the representative to the legislature was instructed to confer with the representatives of other towns on the subject of a modification of the militia law, so as to dispense with all trainings except the annual inspection in September, and such other meetings of companies as might be deemed necessary for the proper organiza- tion of the militia, and to request their co-operation. [1833. j The selectmen were again instructed by the town, in 1833, to petition the legislature for a new county. They were also author- ized to defend the town against any suit brought by the Maine Stage Company to recover damages for the upsetting of one of their carriages near James Purinton's tannery, in Topsham, on the evening of the 12th of January, 1833, or were authorized to settle the matter with the companj, if judged expedient. [1837.] The town, at its annual meeting in 1837, voted to receiye its proportion of the surplus revenue deposited with the State of Maine by the United States government, and to deposit this monej' in Androscoggin Bank, provided the bank would allow interest at five j)er cent per annum, the interest to be paid annually to the town treasurer. Mr. John Coburn was appointed an agent to receive and receipt for the money in the name of the town. The September meet- ing was held in the Freewill Baptist vestry, near the brick school- house. At this meeting the selectmen and treasurer Were appointed a committee to consider the subject of building a town-house. The town also voted that the surplus revenue money should be put at interest and the interest divided among the school districts. This vote was, however, reconsidered the next year [1838], and the town voted to divide it per capita amongst the inhabitants, and Gardner 202 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND EARPSWELL. Green was chosen agent to collect and distribute it. The money hav- ing alreadj' been loaned to individuals, the agent was authorized to borrow the same amount and distribute it per capita, as directed for the surplus revenue monej'. Messrs. Charles Thompson, Joshua Has- kell, and William Frost protested against this action of the town as illegal, and gave notice that they would severally hold all persons, and particularlj"- the agent, responsible, who should be instrumental in carrj'ing the vote into effect. [1841. J In 1841 the town voted in favor of the proposed consti- tutional amendments, in regard to the election of State officers, but voted against &ny increase of the number of representatives. [1842. J In the year 1842 the town was classed, for election of rep- resentative, with the town of Bowdoin. Previous to this date it had elected its own representative. < [1843. J At a meeting, held February 6, in accordance with an Act of the legislature to see if the town would consent to the annexation of a part of Bowdoin, agreeably to a petition of sixty-three of the inhabitants of Bowdoin, the town chose Abel Merrill and Nathaniel Walker a committee to remonstrate against and oppose the proposed annexation. At the annual meeting in April, the selectmen were authorized to appoint one or more persons to sell ardent spirits for medicinal and mechanical purposes, and were instructed to prosecute all who were guilty of a violation of the law in regard to such sales. At a meeting held in September following, the selectmen were instructed to petition the legislature for a separate representation of the town. [1846. J The following by-law was adopted by the town in 1846 : " Any person sliding in the streets or highwaj^ in the town of Tops- ham, within three fourths of a mile from the Androscoggin toll-bridge, upon a sled, board, or any other vehicle or thing ; or who shall skate in said streets or highways, as aforesaid ; or shall knock, throw, or plaj' at ball, in said streets or highwaj's, as aforesaid ; or be accessory thereto ; shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five dollars for each and every offence so committed, together with costs, to be recovered on a complaint before a justice of the peace. [1847.] In 1847 the town voted in favor .of amendments to the Constitution providing that State officers should be elected by a plu- I'ality instead of a majority vote, and also in regard to the State loan- ing its credit. [1850. J At a meeting held September 9, the town voted against an amendment to the Constitution providing for a change of the meet- ing of the legislature from May to January, MUNICIPAL BISTORT OF TOPSHAM. 203 [1853.] At a special town meeting, held February 28, 1853, the representative was instructed to use his greatest exertions to prevent any change in the territory of the county of Lincoln, and the senator from the district was requested to co-operate with him. At the annual meeting the article in the warrant, to see if the town would choose an agent to sell liquors for medicinal and mechanical purposes, was dismissed. This was, of course, a total prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors for anj'' purpose. [1854. J In October, 1854, the town was called upon to express by vote its preference of a town to be the shire town of the new county of Sagadahoc, which was incorporated on the fourth day of April pre- vious. The vote stood : In favor of Topsham for shire town, one hundred and fiftj--one. Of Bath, five. [1865.] The town voted, in 1855, almost unanimouslj', against amendments to the Constitution of the State which provided that judges of probate, registers of probate, sheriffs, and municipal and police judges should be chosen by the people ; and also providing that the land agent, attorney general, and adjutant general should be chosen bj' the legislature. The representative was chosen this j'ear from the town of Lisbon, Topsham and Lisbon being classed together. [1858.] In June, 1858, the town voted unanimously in favor of a Prohibitory Liquor Law. [1859. J At the annual meeting in 1859, the selectmen were author- ized to hire out to suitable persons such town paupers as might be able to perform labor, and also to bind out the children of such per- sons to suitable individuals, who should be required to give bonds for the faithful discharge of their trust. They were also authorized to provide a suitable building or buildings, in which to take care of the aged and of all others unable to do anything for their own support, and to emploj' some judicious person to take care of them under the general sui)ervision of the overseers of the poor. At a riieeting held in June the town voted to exempt from taxation for ten years all capital which might be invested in manufactures in the town. The town also voted, at this meeting, against " an Act to aid the Aroostook Eailroad Company, increase the value and pro- mote the sale and settlement of the public lands." [1860. J The town concluded in 1860 to make a different provi- sion for its poor, and accordingly, at the annual meeting, it was voted that the selectmen and overseers of the poor be authorized to pur- chase a farm and to stock the same by hiring or purchasing stock, as 204 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. they deemed most expedient. The town's poor were to be kept upon the farm and a superintendent was to be chosen who should be under the direction and control of the overseers. The selectmen were also authorized to hire money for the purchase of the farm, and to give notes paj-able in ten 3'ears in equal annual instalments. The sum of $2,200 was raised this year for the support of the poor, and $1,250 for schools. [1861. J At the annual meeting in 1861, the town expressed its choice of the candidates for the office of Postmaster, and Robert P. Whitney received a majority of the votes. This was an unusual, but at the same time eminently fitting way of securing the appointment of an efficient and honest officer. 'I his year, Topsham and West Bath were classed together for representation. [1863. J The town-house being in need of repairs, it was voted this j'ear that the selectmen should ascertain what terms could be made with the Sagadahoc Agricultural Society, for the use of their hall for future town meetings. The next year, 1864, the town obtained the privilege of using the Agricultural Hall and authorized the sale of the town-house. [1865. J This 3'ear the town voted to dispense with a liquor agency. [1867.] At the September election in 1867, the town voted in favor of authorizing the countj' commissioners to effect a loan of $25,000 to complete the count}' court house at Bath. [1868. J In 1868 an appropriation of six hundred dollars was voted for the purchase of a new hearse. The municipal acts of this town, in reference to the enlistment of volunteers and the support of their families, as well as to all other matters not already given, will be found in their appropriate connec- tion in other chapters. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 205 CHAPTER V. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. At the time of the earliest occupation of these towns, the settlers lived far apart, and days, perhaps even weeks, must often have elapsed without a family seeing any of its neighbors. They had few, if any, roads, except the Indian trails, and almost invariably, there- fore, settled upon or near some stream which might serve to them as a highway. This accounts for the fact that the houses of the early set- tlers fronted the water. EARLY CONDITION AND CIRCUMSTANCES. The early settlers of Topsham were nearly all English and partook of the national characteristics. Those in the vicinity of the New Meadows River were principally from Cape Cod. Those between New Meadows and Maquoit, who constituted a majority of the inhabi- tants of Brunswick, were Irish. They were usually called " wild Irish " by the native New-Englanders.i It is said of these early set- tlers that " they used to peek out through a crack or partly opened door, to see whether their callers were friends or foes, and that the same habit of peeking out through a half-open door to see whom their callers may be, is noticed to this daj' in their descendants.'' These settlers were nearly all poor, and often suffered for the necessaries of life. Thej' had to work hard for their living, and dress in the plain- est manner. Those, however, who came into this vicinity later, some- where about 1750, were in better circumstances, and the appearance of their rich and fashionable apparel, especially the hoop in the dresses of the ladies, whenever they went to church or showed themselves abroad, drew forth the gaze and wonder of the earlier and more rustic settlers.^ The later settlers, and a few of the earlier ones, were suflScientlj' well off to be able to own slaves. The act of holding fellow-creatures, white or black, in involuntary bondage, was not, at that time, consid- iPejepscot Papers. ^ McKeen, MSS. Lecture. 206 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ered to be wrong. Andrew Dunning, who came to Brunswick in 1717 and who died in 1735, kept slaves during his life, and his family con- tinued to own them for some time after his decease. Captain Benja- min Stone, who kept a tavern in Fort George in 1 767, and siibsequentlj-, had a slave named Sarah Mingo as his house-servant. After she obtained her freedom she kept house for Timothy Weymouth, near where the Congregational Church now stands. Judge Minot also owned slaves. Brigadier Thompson had a negro servant named Hail- up. It is uncertain, however, that she was a slave. As late as 1765 there are said to have been four slaves in Brunswick and no less.than fourteen in Harpswell. Captain Nehemiah Curtis owned two or three, one of whom was a female. MANNEES AND CUSTOMS. Nothing is known concerning the social relations of the very early settlers. During the period embraced hy the Indian wars, the charac- ter of the people differed materially from what it afterwards was. Instead of gayety and dissipation, a melancholy spirit prevailed. Almost the only topic of conversation with the people was in regard to their troubles with the Indians and the individual difficulties of their situation. Their chief relaxation consisted in singing psalms and dog- gerel rhj-mes. The ou\y news that reached them was of cruel mur- ders, by the savages, of their friends and acquaintance, or else of the wonderful escapes and marvellous exploits of the latter. Some of these accounts of personal adventure with the Indians have come down to us and will be noticed. Even when there was no open war with the Indians, the latter would mingle with the inhabitants and were apt to take offence, and revenge themselves bj' committing indis- criminate depredations. It cannot be denied that oftentimes the set- tlers were to blame, and that there were many among them who had the same deadly hostilitj' against the savage that they had against a venomous reptile. The only time thej' could attend to their business without fear of molestation was in the winter, when the Indians usually retired to the interior. At these times they emploj^ed them- selves in getting lumber to the landings, ready to be sent to Boston and other markets as soon as the spring opened. In summer they cultivated their fields, but always with their guns within easj- reach. In times of peace the Indians were in the habit of trading with the settlers. It is narrated that on one occasion one of the Indians, feel- ing in a merry mood and ready for sport, challenged old Lieutenant AN'oodside to run a race with him, and laid down upon the door-stone GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 207 of the fort six beaver-skins as a wager. Tlie Indian evidently expected, from Mr. Woodside's corpulency, that he would decline the challenge. The Lieutenant, however, contrary to the Indian's expec- tation, accepted it. The race was to commence at the brook under the hill, and the one who could get the skins first was to have them. At the commencement of the race the old man feigned himself rather more clumsy than he really was. 'J he Indian found he could keep up with him at his leisure, and was quite amused at the clumsy run- ning of so fat a man, and continued indulging in violent fits of laugh- ing until at last the old gentleman began to wax warmer, to become more earnest, and to extend his steps. He thus obtained the advance and took the beavers, while the Indian was exhausted with laughing and running. This Mr. Woodside was a remarkably stout, athletic man, who could face danger, endure fatigue, and accomplish much.i During this period old Mr. Joseph Foster, of Topsham, had a large dog that he had trained to attack an Indian whenever he met one. One day, during the French and Indian War, the women and children were sent for safety to the block-house, near where the late Lithgow Hunter afterwards lived. One afternoon while they were there, some of the children -yvanted to go to the river-side berrying. As no Indians were known to be about at that time, permission was given them to go, but the dog was sent with them for safetj'. While the children, laughing and chatting, were picking berries, the big dog suddenly became excited, and getting between a pile of brush and the children, bristled up and began to growl and display his teeth as if there were mischief lurking in the brush-heap. Mrs. Foster was nearest to the brush-pile, and having her attention called to it by the unwonted fierceness of the dog, saw an Indian there. She screamed, and the alarm being given all the children ran up the hill toward the block- house, the dog protecting the rear all the way. Several years after the war this same Indian was in the vicinity-, and referred to the inci- dent by saying that had it not been for the big dog he would have " made a great haul of pappoose." ^ " The late David Alexander's father was remarkable when a youth for his agility and uncommon strength. In muscular vigor he far exceeded any of the lads in town who were anywhere near his own age. One day he and another boy by the name of Thorn were on the hill near the river and opposite where Mr. David Work now (1875) lives. Suddenly a couple of stout Indians pounced upon . them. 1 Fejepscot Papers. ^ Dr. James McKeen's Notes. 208 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. each Indian singling out one of the boys. Their object was to run the lads off into the woods, where they would be comparatively safe from pursuit. The stout resistance, however, made by young Alex- ander, although a mere boy, made the Indian feel as if he had more than his hands full. At every step he encountered a resolute resist- ance, and although a powerful Indian he was making slow progress. The boys' outcries at length attracted the attention of the settlers up and down the river, and his father being first to comprehend the true state of things outstripped all others in going to the relief of his son, guided partly by the voice of the lad and partly by the zigzag trail of the furrowed earth which was a conspicuous mark and was made by the boy's stubborn obstinacy and resistance. The father at length came in full sight of his son and was hastening to his rescue when the Indian, letting go the lad, fired, killing Mr. Alexander, who fell instantly dead. The son, the moment he saw his father fall, ran, and the Indian, fearing pursuit, desisted from attempting his recapture. The inhabitants of the neighborhood having provided themselves with guns, and guided by the Alexander boj-, started off in pursuit. They found Mr. Alexander dead. Pursuing farther thej"^ came to the apparently lifeless body of the lad Thorn. His comparatively feeble resistance had enabled the Indian to carrj"^ him off to a greater dis- tance, but hearing the gun and apprised by the Indian who had just shot Mr. Alexander that they were in danger of being captured them- selves, they knocked the boy in the head and scalped him. The boy was found still alive and eventually recovered. Jt is said that he afterwards died at Farmington from a curious accident. Coming in one da J' to dinner and the meal not being ready, he sat down in a chair near the wooden ceiling (there were no lathed and plastered rooms then) and tipping his chair back leaned against the partition just under where a hog's head (what was called a ' minister's face ') was suspended by a nail in the ceiling. The jar broke the string, and the hog's head fell, the nose, it is said, hitting the unfortunate man on the very spot where he had been scalped in his boj-hood. The con- cussion caused his instant death.' ^ " Not far from this time (time of Moffltt's death, — 1 747) four men were killed, all at one time, a few rods from the old Flagg house, just bej'ond Joseph Foster's. One of these was a friendly Indian, the other three were white settlers. They were going to look at a field of corn to see if it had been molested. The bodies were all found near together. 1 Dr. James McKeen's Notes. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 209 Upon the day of the funeral of these men it was reported that the Indians intended Ij'ing in wait for the funeral procession, and killing and scalping or making prisoners of them all. In consequence, the bodies were not buried in the ground northwest of Joseph Foster's, in the old graveyard in the woods, but were carried up by water to Ferry Point, and buried there. The bodies were none of them mutilated, except that of the friendly Indian, which was hacked all to pieces." i During this period of anxious care and oft-renewed strife, the tradesmen and their families used to live a good portion of the time in the fort or garrisons. Invalids, especially, often made their resi- dence there. The early settlers were men accustomed to track the pathless forests and often to spend their nights with nothing over them save the glit- tering canopy of the heavens. Thej' were fond of hunting, and often ranged over large tracts of land in pursuit of game. In this way they became acquainted with localities quite a distance off. Mr. Thomas Wilson was a famous hunter. On one occasion he led a party, consisting of Stephen Titcomb, Robert Gower, James Henrj', Eobert Alexander, and James McDonnell, all of Topsham, through the wilderness to the place now called Farmington, the territory of whteh they thoroughly explored. Some of them afterwards settled there. 2 John Dunlap, son of Reverend Robert Dunlap, was a noted hunter. The following narrative, written by him, illustrates the dan- gers and sufferings to which these early settlers were exposed : — " When a young man at the age of 18 years my father lost his only cow. He lived near the old meeting-house, and I found her dead in Mair Brook. So dependent was the family on this useful domestic that the loss seemed almost irreparable. So great was the distress of the family that I resolved with myself, that if industry and persever- ance would effect anything, I would never be poor. This resolution remained by me and was continually urging me on to exertion. I left my father and served some time as a soldier in Fort George, but I soon found that this compensation but ill comported with my resolu- tion, — but little was left after contributing to the absolute necessities of my father's family. I immediately concluded upon some other business. This town was then in its infancj', and nothing that could satisfy my ambition and desire of wealth presented itself, and I con- cluded to try my chance in hunting in the wild wildei-ness. I accord- ingly took my gun and made several excursions in pursuit of beaver. 1 Dr. MoKeen's Notes. ^ History of Farmington, p. 9. 14 210 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. I was successful, and found that if the business was well followed that there would be a good prospect of making money. I accordingly extended my range farther into the wilderness, and the, further I went the more was I encouraged. It was a very hazardous undertaking. I was exposed every night to the wolves which were continually prowl- ing around me, and notliing but my Are, which they feared, deterred them from encountering me. While I kept a brisk fire I feared no harm. I have been several times to the heads of the Kennebeck and Penobscot. I used to go in the month of March, sometimes the last of February, and would be gone about forty days. M-j return home was alwajs the most fatiguing, from carrying an immense pack of about two hundred pounds. The beaver-skins I took in one of these excursions usuall3- turned me about two hundred dollars. Sometimes when I returned home, I was so altered that the familj- did not know me. I once lost my hat immediately' after I left home, and the effect of the wind and weather, and having a long beard, not having shaved while gone, gave me really a frightful appearance. ' ' The most eventful tour I ever took was with one Robert Spear. We left this town together, determined on a cruise to the Penobscot, and to its rise. It was in the month of March, and the ground was covered with deep snow. We took with us each a gun, ammunition, four ounces of salt, and of bread what was equal to a dozen biscuit, and each a pair of snow-shoes. We commenced travel, and made the best of our way to the Kennebeck and Penobscot. We passed some rivers and many small streams which were frozen over. On our arrival at the Penobscot, we divided. Mr. Spear took the north side of the river, and I took the south. We were to proceed up the river to its source, and there wait seven daj's for each other. I traversed the woods, and frequently met with small streams which had been flowed by the beaver, and generally met with good success. After ten or fifteen days I arrived at the source of the river, and there I spent seven long anxious days, listening continually to hear the foot- steps of my companion. My nights were long and dreary in the extreme. The day I spent in wandering about, killing what I could find that was profitable. At the expiration of the seven long daj's, seeing nothing of Spear, I resolved to return home, and had travelled one or two days, when the thought occurred to me about what account I should give Mr. Spear's family on my return. As I was a single man, I concluded to return, and if possible, find him. I travelled along down on the north side of the river, looking for some vestiges of human beings. What had become of Spear I could not imagine. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 211 "Whether he had fallen into the hands of the Indians, or had been devoured by wild beasts, I had no means of ascertaining. My mind was the whole time vacillating between hope and fear. After I had been travelling a number of days, and had been looking and listening, a pole stuck up in the middle of the river in the snow arrested my attention. I at once concluded it must be placed there by some human being, and thought I would go and see if there were any tracks. I repaired immediately to it, and on it found a piece of birch bark with writing upon it, to inform me that Spear was sick close by on the bank of the river. It is impossible to describe my feelings, — how long it had been there, whether he was dead or alive, — a thou- sand conjectures passed over my mind. I concluded to search, and immediately fired my .gun, which was in about a minute answered. I followed the direction of the report, and in a few minutes found poor Spear lying under a log with some bark laid upon it, which afforded him but a scanty shelter. He was suffering from an acute rheumatic fever. He seemed overjoyed at my appearance. What to do for him I was at a stand. For this complaint, and indeed for any, I had nothing to administer ; I built a camp, built him a good fire, and stayed by him, doing everything for him I could. Necessity, the mother of invention, suggested one application after another. His pains were extreme, and his spirits almost exhausted. I at length concluded to dig awaj- some snow, get some good turf, green as I could find it, heated by the fire, and apply it to the part of the body most affected with pain. 'J'his proved a lucky expedient, he grew better, and after a while he was able to start for Fort Halifax, where, after a tedious travel, we arrived. I left him and came home. Spear followed in about a month." i These early settlers were not only accustomed to the chase as a means of obtaining a livelihood, but were also obliged to draw a part of their subsistence from the water. Fishing was with them a neces- sity as well as a means of amusement. The catching of sturgeon, shad, and salmon was the constant occupation of many, while it served as a means of relaxation from their ordinary avocations to a few. Captain David Dunning probably belonged to this latter class. Salmon were formerlj- caught in dip-nets at the foot of Fishing Rock Island, or Shad Island, as it is now called, and also in set nets at Middle Rock, or the rock upon which the pier of the bridge rests. These set nets had corks attached to them, so that the attendant Pejepseot Papers. 212 HISTORY OF BRVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. could tell bj' the sinking of the corks when a salmon was caught. One day a man was sitting on Middle Eock watching his net, while Captain Dunning was catching salmon at the falls above with a dip- net. The man on the rock observing the corks on his net to sink in the water, drew in the net, and with it drew in Dunning, still alive. It appears that the latter, in reaching over to dip up a salmon, had slipped, and falling into the river had floated down until he caught in the net. Two other versions of this story are given. In one account he is represented as having fallen into the water from a ladder and being caught in his own net. In another, the accident is given as first narrated, but Captain Dunning is represented as drawing himself out of the water by the aid of the net.' Going to meeting was, in the last centurj', an event of considerable interest. Meeting-houses were well filled and in some cases it was thought necessar}' to shore them up. All went to the same meeting. Ministers appeared with their large white wigs and commanded more awe than just respect. Nearlj- every one walked to meeting, and in some instances women would walk four or five miles and carry a child. Some of those who lived at a distance from the meeting-house owned a horse, a saddle, and a pillion, which would accommodate a man, his wife, and one child, and often two children. In the summer boys and girls both went barefooted. When within sight of the meeting- house, the girls would step into the bushes at the side of the road and put on their stockings and shoes, which they carried with them. The boys, however, usually went barefooted into the meeting-house. All the people carried their dinners with them, and in summer ate them in the woods near by. In the winter the meeting-house was their din- ing-room. The men usually resorted to the neighboring inn for their luncheon and grog. In the winter season many carried foot-stoves with them. There were separate seats in the meeting-house provided for colored people, and they were never allowed to sit in the same pew with white people. It is said that Deacon Dunning had a negro lad for a servant of whom he was very fond, and whom he always took to meeting with him. As the boy at first was too young to sit in the seats provided for persons of his race, and as it would not do to allow him to sit in the deacon's pew, he had to take his seat on the floor of the aisle beside the pew. Sermons were lengthy in those days, which often made it necessary for the parson, after a pause, to exclaim, " Wake up, my hearers ! " 1 Field Booh of the survey of Bakerstown, in Pejepscot Papers. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 213 Parson Miller was, however, relieved from this task at length by old Mr. G. Coombs, who, with repeated raps with his rattan on the side of his pew, would make the meeting-house ring. At the east meeting- house. Deacon Snow, who wore a white wig, sat under or in front of the pulpit, and "lined out" the hj-mn, so that everj- man present might have an opportunity to sing. This was the common practice. i One of the established institutions of those times was the board of tithing-msn. It was their duty to preserve order during religious services, and to enforce the observance of the Sabbath. The most remarkable of all the men who ever filled this office was Mr. Crispus Graves. He was born and attained his majority in Topsham. He possessed a strong, muscular frame, and was quite tall. He had a large, strongly marked face. As far as his knowledge extended, his reasoning powers were good, and he could express his thoughts with conciseness and energ3\ He was a tithing-man for many years. In the old first meeting-house in Topsham, his pew was near the out- side- door. It was a wall pew with a large window. From his seat he could look the minister in the face, or turning around, could inspect the passers-by on the different roads in sight. He always had with him a remarkably long whipstock and lash. If he chanced to spj', dur- ing religious services, any "descendant of Belial, strolling about, or sitting on the fences, or in an}' waj' desecrating the Lord's da}'," he felt it incumbent upon him to leave the church and administer the necessarj- reproof. He hesitated not, also, if need were, to threaten the culprits with both the administration of the law and of his whip. He was an object of dread to all Sabbath-breakers. He did not con- sider, moreover, that his care was restricted to the oversight of human beings onh'. During his twenty-five j-ears in office, he taught all owners of dogs to be sure and see them locked up before thej' them- selves went to meeting. Occasionally, however, some unluckj' cur would escape from his confinement and would follow his master to meeting. As surely as such an event happened, Mr. Graves would be on the watch, and if the dog came within his reach, it would receive as smart a stroke from him as his arm and whip could infiict. It made no difference whether it was in prayer-time or in sermon-time, the whip was sure to descend if the dog came within reach. Even during the singing the yelling of the dog might be heard exceeding even " the voice of the chorister or the double altos of his choir." Mr. Graves was so perfectly serious and solemn in his manner and so firm in his 1 James Curtis' s Journal, in Library of Maine HistoricaX Society. 214 HISTORY OF BRVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HASPSWELL. belief that it was his bounden duty thus to disturb the services, that the ministers were greatly at a loss to determine in what manner to interfere. Remonstrance would not only give offence, but would be useless ; while without some interference, the evil was sure to continue if it did not become increased. It was a hard matter for Mr. Graves to give up his place in the old meeting-house and go to the new one. He got bravely over the struggle, however, and bought a pew in the new building. This time it was noticed by everj' one that he chose a pew the very farthest from the door, at the northern extremity of the house. The window at his pew faced the hearse-house only. There were now no tithiug-men, and no culprits to watch, but Mr. Graves never forgot or forgave the canine desecrators of the solemnity of the Sabbath. It was remarked at the time that he had taken the back- most pew of all, because he thought his services would no longer be needed. This, however, was not so. The dogs took much greater liberty in the new house than they had taken in the old, though they seldom got so far up the aisle as Mr. Graves's pew. On two occasions, however, when he was nearly eighty years of age, his old enemies " traversed the whole length of the aisle, as if to defy the old lion in his lair and trj' his mettle. But he was up to them and in service-time too. The ruling passion was too strong, even with the hearse-house his only perspective. He gave the dogs a good sound thrashing, and their loud yells and j-elpings in- stantl}-, of course, arrested all devotional feelings, although Mr. Goss kept straight on with his prayer." The narrator i of the above con- cludes his account as follows : " I was present at the time, and no doubt many others now living were witnesses." During the early days of the society of the First Parish of Topsham, when it used the old meeting-house at the east end of the town, the choir was large, and for a time was led by a Mr. Nichols, a shoemaker in Brunswick, who was a very fine singer. It was afterwards led by a Mr. Ripley, and still later by a Mr. Blanchard. No instrumental music was made use of in those days. At one time, probably about 1821, an attempt was made to introduce a bass-viol, but the project was thwarted by Mr. William Randall, an influential member of the society, who declared that he would n't " hear a fiddle in God's house." In those old times people were better church-goers than now, even if the standard of moralitj' was no higher. ' In those times almost every one attended religious services on Sundaj', some walking sev- ' I'he late James McEeen, M. D. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 215 eral miles, while others, riding from a greater distance, would, in the winter time, drive to the house of Mr. Alexander Rogers, who lived near by. This was absolutely necessary if they needed to get M'armed, as the old church was never heated, even in the most severe weather, save by the fervor of the parson's theme and the little foot-stoves earned by the ladies. It was never considered time to start for church from Mr. Randall's until Mr. John Graves, who, from his exact regularity in attendance, was called " the clock," was seen to pass. After the close of the Indian wars Brunswick and Topsham pro- gressed rapidly in wealth and importance. Agriculture became the chief emploj'ment of the people, though a few were engaged in coast- ing, — carrj-ing wood and lumber to other markets. As the prospects of the town grew better and better, the proprietors became more encouraged and assisted the purchasers of their lands by taking their pay in lumber or such products of their labor as could be spared. As pre\'iously mentioned, the earlier inhabitants travelled mostly on foot, though a few owned horses and did their visiting on horseback. Indeed, nearly everything that a man could not transport himself was carried in that manner, and the saddle-bags were made capacious enough to hold veal, mutton, and produce of all kinds. At the meeting-house and at every retail store there was a horse-block with three steps, for the convenience of persons when mounting their steeds. It is uncertain to whom belongs the honor of owning the first two- wheeled chaise. Judge Minot of Brunswick, and Robert Patten of Topsham, who were contemporaries, each owned one prior to the Revo- lution. Robert Patten, verj^ likelj', bought his soon after his marriage in 1768, although a ride in his " shay" may have been one of the inducements to his fair lady-love to wed him. Mr. James Curtis in 1830 wrote in his journal that fifty years previously (1780), when he was twelve years of age, " there was not a wheel carriage nor even a sleigh in Brunswick.'' There is, however, no question that Judge Minot owned one pre- vious to that time, but as Curtis lived at New Meadows, and the judge at Mair Point, the former may never have seen it. About the year 1790, Captain William Stanwood, Captain John Dunlap, and Benjamin Stone each owned a chaise. These chaises are described as clumsy, lumbersome vehicles, without springs and very heavy. The first balanced two-wheel chaise in Brunswick is said to have been owned by William Alexander. Professor Cleaveland once hired 216 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. this chaise to journey in to Boston, having first measured it and tested its strength in order to be assured that it was a safe vehicle. Wagons were not introduced until about the year 1816 or 1817, and there bad been but two or three carts, in Brunswick at least, previous to that date. The late Captain Peter Jordan, who lived at New Meadows, stated that he had the first wagon at the eastern part of Brunswick. He said that at the time of his purchase it was considered a great luxury, but that it was in reality little better than a cart. It was very heavy and was clumsily built, and as the body rested directly upon the axles, without the intervention of springs of any kind, the rider was apt to be jolted about not a little. During the early part of the Revolutionary War, nails were so high that many used wooden pegs for shingling, boarding, and flooring their houses. i At this time such luxuries as carpets were unheard of here The first one ever made in Topsham (for they were all home- made at first) was made in 1799, by Miss Margaret Rogers (the late Mrs. Nathaniel Green). This carpet was made of small squares of cloth about ten inches in diameter. These squares were alternately light and dark colored, and each one had some figure upon it, either an oak-leaf, a heart, or two hearts joined. A light-colored figure was alwaj's put on a dark square and vice versa. In 1800, at the time: when the death of AVashington was commemorated at the old meet- ing-house in Topsham, this carpet was borrowed to cover the rough platform which was built up in front of the pulpit, and upon which were seated the poet of the occasion and the dignitaries of the day. There was one other carpet in town at this time, belonging to the wife of Doctor Porter, but as it was fastened to the floor she objected to having it taken up.^ Weddings in those days were so similar to each other and differed so little from the present fashion, except in the amount of display attending and the sports following them, that it seems unnecessary to go into details concerning them. Three occurrences of this kind, however, were so peculiar as to demand special mention here. The first occurred in 1783 or 1785, and the facts have been deposed to under oath. Mr. WiUiam Walker, of Falmouth, and Miss Sybil Staples, of Topsham, had long been affianced and were anxious to be married. The day was fixed upon, and Reverend John Miller, of Brunswick, was requested to officiate. The wedding was to take 1 McKeen, MSS. Lectures ; also James Curtis' s Journal. ^ Diary of the late Dr. James McKeen. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 217 place in Topsham, either at the residence of the bride's parents or at the meeting-house. "The course of true love ne'er runs smooth." There was no bridge across the river at this time and a sudden and unusual freshet prevented all crossing a;t the ferry, so that Mr. Miller was unable to keep his appointment. The bride and groom, deter- mined not to dela3', were equal to the emergencj-. By some means communication was established with Mr. Miller. The bridal party took their place on the Topsham side at the ferr3'-landing. After the bridegroom and bride had joined hands, Mr. Miller, on the opposite shore, lifted up his voice, and in a speech heard distinctly across the river, pronounced the twain to be one flesh.i The following marriage certiflcate was copied verbatim from the original, now in the possession of Mr. J. L. Douglas, of Bath, and shows the ancient form of marriage of the Friends, which has been slightly modified, and is in use by this society at the present time : — "Whereas, Cornalas Duglas of Harpswell, in the County of . Cum- berland, son of Elijah Duglas and Phebe his wife, and Ann Estis, Daughter of Edward Estes and Patience his wife, both of the afore sd town And County and Provence of the Massachusetts baye, in newengland, having declared their intentions of taking Eich other in marige, before two publick meeting of the people Called quakers, in Harpswell and falmouth, acording to Good order used amongst them, and Procedeing thirein after Delibarate Consideration, they allso ap- earing Clear of all others, And haveing Concent of parents and Eela- tives Concerned, ware approved by sd meeting. Now these are to certify all whome it may concern, that for accompleshing their sd Intentions, this 10th day of the 11th month called november, anno- domi seventeen hundred and sixty seven, they the sd Cornalas Duglas and Ann Estes, appeared in a publick assembly of the afore- said people, And others met together att their publick meeting house att Harpswell, aforesaid. And he, the said Cornalas Duglas, in a solom maner,,takeing the said Ann Estes by the Hand, Did openly Declared as follows : friends, I Desire you to be mj^ witnesses, that I take this friend, Ann Estis, to be my wife, promising through the Lord's assistance, to be unto Her a true and Loveing Husband untel it Shall fileas the Lord by Death to sepperate us. And then and their in the said assembley, the said ann Estis did in like manner Declare as followeth : friends, I Desire you to be my witnesses, that I take this friend, Cornelas Duglas, to be my Husband, promasing through the ^Pejepscot Papers. 218 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Lord's assistance, to be unto him A true and Loveing wile, until it •Shall pleas the Lord by Death to sepperate us. And as a further con- formation theirof, the said Cornelas Duglas and ann Estis did then and their, by these Presents, set their hands, she according to Cus- tom, assuming the name of her Husband, " CoENELAS Duglas. Ann Duglas. "And we, whose names are hearunto Subscribed, being present at the Solemnizing of Said marrige and Subcribtion in manner afore- said, as witnesses, have allso to these Presents Subscribed our names, the Daye and year above writen. " JosnuA Babb, Elijah Duglas, Nathaniel Pinkham, Patience Estes, EOGER TOOTHAKEK, LeMDEL JONES, gideon toothakeb, john barker, Thankful Jones, John Barker, Jr., Sarah Pinkham, Elizabeth Duglas, Eleanor Hais, Wait Jones, Mary Hais, Sabah Estes, BeTT WEBER, ElENOR ESTES, Abagail Eodex, Mar(?y Jones, cathrine Pinkham, Rachel Jones, Sarah Pinkham." The other wedding to which reference was made is remarkable only for the coincidence of the relationship. On September 28, 1825, in the Friends' Meeting-House, in Durham, Elijah and Reuben Cole, of China, tmn brothers, were married to Elizabeth and Mary Jones, daughters of Edward Jones, of Brunswick, and twin sisters. In the last century all, both men and women, except the few more wealthy ones , wore home-made garments . The men wore cloth of a light blue color, not fulled. Some few of the older men wore knee-breeches. Shoe-buckles were generally worn, and many of the men and even boj's wore their hair long and done up in a queue behind. Mr. Dean Swift, when a boy often, had a queue six or eight inches long. James Curtis writes in his journal that in 1780 " not one man in ten had a pair of boots. Parson Miller attended meeting at the east meeting- house with a good pair of blue buskins hauled up over his breeches knees." The dress of the ladies was as changeable, if not as complicated, as at the present day. The skirt of a ladj-'s dress was composed of but two breadths, one in front, and one behind, with a small gore on each GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 219 side. Skirts were very short, except for party dresses, which had the hind breadth made iuto a long train for the house. This ti'ain a lady, when preparing for the street, would pin up to her waist. The waists were made very short and full, such as we now call baby w(xists. The sleeves were short, and there was a broad band went over the shoulders. The neck was covered with a white muslin neckerchief, which was fitted to the neck and shoulders, and came down under the band of the waist. The arms were covered with long white kid mits which came nearly to the elbow. The hair was arranged in various modes-, but the favorite way was to comb it all on top of the head and confine it with a large high-top comb ; some would puff and roll their hair, but in every case powder was considered indispensable. It is said that one Patience Wallace, a young girl living on Small Point, was going to a party one night, and having no powder, flour, or chalk to dust her hair with, she took some unslacked lime. During the evening she danced, and as she got heated the perspiration slacked the lime, which entirely destroj'ed the hair. She never thereafter had any hair, but had to wear a man's cap on her head, both in doors and out.i Mr. Curtis also wrote in the journal referred to that " in those days, women would collect in groups for the purpose of braiding wool, it being a hard, laborious work. When at length a cavding-mill or machine was heard of, it was hailed with an enthusiastic welcome, and must have been as great a relief to the women as when, at an earlier date, water-power was appHed to grain-mills, before which time it would take two women to grind or turn a corn-mill. Cotton was about three shillings per pound, and such was the labor of carding, spinning, weaving, etc., that cotton and linen cloth was worth fifty cents a yard, and a man must work half a month in the best of the season on a pail- of shirts made of this coarse cloth." About 1780 " the nearest fulling-mill was in North Yarmouth, and the cloth was ordinar}', as no one knew or thought that the quahty of wool could be improved. " Houses were built for convenience and not for show, and ceilings were just high enough to clear a tall man's hat. Chimneys were gen- erally topped out above the ridge-pole. Fireplaces were from seven to nine feet between the jambs, and more than a proportionable depth, which would receive a log which it took two men to handle. Every family was provided, however, with a good strong hand-sled, on which to remove the logs to the fireside, which was done with convenience, 1 This description was given by a Mrs. Price, aged ninety-two years. 220 EISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. as the sills of houses were laid close to the surface of the earth. In 1 780 not one house in ten in Brunswick had a crane in the chimnej', being supplied with long trammels and what was called a lug-pole, a stick across the chimney about four feet up, and there were more than six wooden mantel-trees to an iron one. " In 1780 there were not more than two or three painted houses in Brunswick. ' ' Bears were frequently seen. The hideous cry of the wolf was commonl}- heard from our forests, and their ravages were not infre- quent. Every family kept a large dog, some two, but comm<5nly a large and a small one, which did not fail to annoy every traveller that passed with their yelping. This practice of keeping dogs was proba- bly the result of the great utility of that animal in the French and Indian war. " Every sorry old woman was deputed a witch, and spirits were frequently seen, and much feared, children having been brought up to hear such stories as an evening amusement, terrifj'ing as they were, which had a lasting and pernicious effect." A great many superstitious beliefs were rife at this time, among which was one that toothache could be cured bj' cutting off one's finger and toe nails, and a lock of one's hair, and placing them in a hole bored in a tree with an auger. About the year 1850 a tree was cut on Oak Hill in Topsham, and was sawed at one of the mills. Near the centre of the log was found a lock of hair, and as Artemus Ward would have said, " a large and well-selected assortment" of the corneous extremities of the fingers and toes, doubtless placed there many years previously bj' a believer in this remedy for the toothache. It is also stated in Curtis's Journal that "farming was done in a stj'le very different from the present. A tolerable crop of corn was obtained by a shovelful of manure in the hill, but it must be hilled or banked up to a great height. The following crop was generallj' rye, flax, or barley. The land was then, not stocked down, but left to produce hay, and to be seeded by Providence or chance. "Calves were snatched from the cows at eight or ten weeks old, without any previous care to introduce a substitute for milt, and turned out to hay or grass, to rend the air with their cries till starva- tion should teach them the use of such coarse food, and which they would not fail to learn before flesh and strength were quite exhausted. Probably, however, not more than three out of four got up ' May Hill,' as it was then called. "Potatoes were raised at a great expense. The ground being GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 521 broken up, but not harrowed, a large hole was made by cutting out a piece of the sod the whole depth of the ploughing. Into the bottom of this hole was thrown a shovelful of dung, if so much could be spared, then a scanty portion of seed, which lay far below the surface of the ground, over which was made an enormous hill which must receive considerable addition at hoeing. In this way, with double the necessary labor, something like half a crop was obtained. A suffi- ciency was, however, generally raised. As it was not known that potatoes would save the lives of calves in the spring, or be of any use to pigs after wintering, any surplus was frequently lost. "Hogs were generally kept over two winters, and at two and a half years old would commonly weigh over two hundred, but would seldom go as high as three hundred. " Scarce a bushel of wheat, was raised and bolting-mills were not known." ^ Oil lamps and even tallow candles were for manj' years unknown. It is related that when Eeverend Jonathan Elhs came t'o Topsham (as late as 1788), he spent his first night at Esquire Merrill's. Upon retiring for the night, Mrs. Merrill lighted a pitch-pine knot for him, and showed him to his room up stairs. Finding no other place to put his light, Mr. Ellis stood it up in the fireplace and in a few minutes the chimney was all ablaze. The manner of cooking at that time was not very different from that of to-day, though it differed in some respects. One of the principal dishes was rather peculiar. It consisted of a piece of fresh beef boiled, with hulled corn and beans added. Every family had baked beans and brown bread on Sunday morning and noon. The rye and Indian corn bread was generally made in great troughs and then baked in iron kettles in a brick oven. From a half-dozen to a dozen loaves were usually made at one time. Doughnuts, instead of being made with molasses, were sweetened with maple sugar, which was very abundant in those days. All kinds of liquors were freely drank, though West India rum was the most generally used. Various kinds of fancy drinks were also made, prominent among which was a winter beverage called flip. It was made of spruce beer, rum, sugar, and water. At all taverns it was customary to keep two iron rods, called pokers, heated in the coals. When flip was called for, thg beer would be drawn, into which would be plunged a red-hot poker. The rum, '■ This Journal is in the Library of the Maine Historical Society. 222 msTORT OF Brunswick, tofsuam, and harpswell. sugar, and water would then be added. Half a pint of rum to a qua,rt of beer was considered to be the right proportion. This beverage was deemed delicious by all who indulged in it. Punch was the summer beverage. It was made in about the same man- ner as it is at present in those places where its use is indulged in, — of rum, sugar, and water, flavored with the juice of a lemon. Some of the citizens were too fond of these beverages for their own welfare. There was one such man named Andrews, who was verjr fond of making rhymes and equally fond of his punch or flip. One day a load of goods was brought from Maquoit to Bruns- wick village, and Andrews volunteered to assist in unloading. While doing so, a barrel of rum fell out of the cart, and striking his leg, fractured it. He was taken into a store and a surgeon sent for. His ruling passions displayed themselves even in his agonj', for while waiting for the doctor he composed the following rh3-me : — " By a sudden stroke my leg is broke, My heart is sore offended ; The doctor 's come — let 's have some rum, And then we '11 have it mended." Some of the customs of these times were so discreditable to the towns that it is with reluctance that any mention is made of them. Of this character were the quarrels between the students of the col- lege and the rowdies of Brunswick, who were designated " Taggers." The latter were almost invariably the aggressors. At times it was necessary for students, if alone, to go armed. There was an equal disaffection between the "Taggers" and the rowdies of Topsham, and this fact was often a matter for rejoicing to the student. It is pleasant to know that a better feeling now prevails, and that such quarrels are events of the past. Thej^ would never have occurred had a proper police force been sustained, and the laws been enforced. AMUSEMENTS. In the earliest period of the settlement of these towns, but little real amusement was known to the citizens. Near the close of the last century, however, balls and parties, huskings and apple-bees, came in vogue, and served to enliven the otherwise monotonous life of the people. From the number of dancing-schools which have been kept in Brunswick and Topsham, it is reasonable to suppose that the citi- zens of these towns were fond of this method of relaxation from care, and that their dancing parties were well attended. The earliest dan- GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 223 cing-sctool kept in either town is believed to have been the one taught bj' a Mr. Allen, in 1799, in the Godfrej' House, in Topsham. The amusements of the college students at a somewhat later date were generally confined to themselves, and were apt to give occasion to other feelings than those of merriment on the part of the citizens. Students' pranks have been altogether too numerous to admit even of their enumeration in this connection ; nevertheless, the following is introduced, not only as being one of the earliest occurrences of the kind, but as affording a fair sample of all. Such tricks, if they did not afford amusement to those of the inhabitants immediately affected by them, yet served as good topics for general conversation for quite a while. The following anecdote is given in the words of another, himself a student and very likely an ej-e-witness, we dare not saj^ a par- ticipant. "A countrjTuan bound, to Portland with a two-horse team, laden with butter in firkins, beans in bags, and three dead hogs (for it was cold weather, being the first of the spring term), drove up to the tavern that stood near the college, and put up for the night. In the morning when he got up, his cart and load were gone. Search was made in all directions. They followed the wheel-tracks to the col- lege, and there lost them . About the middle of the forenoon some one espied the vehicle on the roof of North College, the wheels astride the ridge-pole, laden ready to hitch on to. Who put it there and how they effected it was a mj-sterj' ; but it was a deal of work for a good many hands to get it down by taking the cart to pieces." i Of public amusements, such as caravans and circuses, theatrical performances, concerts, lectures, etc., the number is so great as to admit of but limited notice. Mr. Dean Swift says that the first public exhibition in Brunswick or vicinity was given in the year 1798. One McGinness, an English- man, gave a Punch and Judy show in the northeast chamber of the dwelling-house • on Maine Street, now owned and occupied by Mrs. Rodney Forsaith. The exhibition was well attended, everybody was satisfied, and Mr. Swift says it was really quite a good show. According to the same authority, the first caravan was exhibited here about the year 1818 on the lot now owned by the town, back of the Post-Offlce. This was followed, in the 3'ear 1825, by one which exhib- ited on the sam3 lot. In 1829 a caravan, owned 'by Macomber & Co., exhibited near the Tontine Hotel. In 1836 there was a combined 1 EeUogg, Sophomores of Eadcliffe. 224 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. menagerie and circus. In 1843 Raymond & Co. gave their zoological exhibition, and in 1845 Rockwell & Stone's New York Circus was exhibited near the Universalist Church, on Federal Street. Since that time entertainments of this kind have been of more frequent occurrence. In 1824 a Mr. Taj-lor gave an exhibition of ventriloquism at Stod- dard's Hall. The first theatrical performance was that given in 1828, for one week, at Nichols Hall, by a company of comedians from the Tremont Theatre, Boston. The entertainment the lirst evening con- sisted of Tobias's comedy of "The Honeymoon" and the farce of "The Young Widow." The price of admission was flftj' cents. Children under twelve years of age were admitted for half price. The first public concert of vocal music of which we find any record was given at Richards Hotel, July 28, 1836, by Mr. and Mrs. G-. Andrews and Miss A. Woodward of Boston. It is quite probable, however, that concerts were given at an earlier date b^' the Haj'den Society, a musical organization in existence as early as 1825. Of late years concerts have been of too frequent occurrence to call for further notice. The first instrumental concert was probably that given by the Brunswick Brass Band, March 1, 1844. The first regatta ever given on the Androscoggin River took place October 12, 1870. There were four races for the championship of Maine and for silver goblets. The first race was for six-oared boats, three miles ; the second, for wherries pulled by the students, one mile ; the third for single shell wherries, two miles ; the fourth for double shell boats, two miles. The burlesque May trainings of the students of Bowdoin College may properlj' be classed under the head of amusements. The first occurred in 1836, the company appearing dressed in the most gro- tesque costumes, and with arms and equipments of not the most approved patterns. The following year the company again made its appearance. The cannon of the Brunswick Artillery Company, to which about forty of them belonged, having been concealed, the com- pany marched over to Topsham and took the pieces belonging to the Topsham Ai'tillery Company. Similar annual trainings by the students were kept up for many years, the last one occurring in 1855 or 1856. In these fantastic processions, the students generally personified public men or characters of fiction. Sometimes, though not often, they adopted costumes in ridicule of some worthy citizen of the town. More frequently they illustrated in a laughable manner some event of GKNERAL AND SOCIAL. 225 a local character. The causes which led to the appearance of these fantastic trainings in the first place will be given in the chapter upon the militar}- historj- of the town. In Topsham, public entertainments have not been of frequent occur- rence. The reason for this is obvious : Brunswick, being the larger town and in such close proximitj- to Topsham, offers the better field for securing a full attendance upon such occasions. Of fairs, levees, school exhibitions, private dramatic entertainments, concerts by local singers, etc., Topsham has doubtless had her full share. Few travel- ling shows have, however, exhibited there. About 1832 a caravan exhibited on the high land above the present Free-Will Baptist Meeting-House. Much curiosity was excited as to the elephants passing over the bridges fromBrunswick, fears being enter- tained that they would break through or else refuse to walk over them. About the year 1850 a companj' of Indians from the State of New York gave an exhibition at the Court House, illustrative of the Indian mode of life, and of warfare. It was the first exhibition of the kind in the vicinitj', and it attracted a large audience. Harpswell has always been obliged to content herself with amuse- ments of a purely local character. The location of the town, and the scattered situation of its inhabitants, offer little inducement to pro- prietors of travelling exhibitions to exhibit there. But what the citizens lose iu this waj' is probably' made up by a greater degree of sociability aud b3' more varied home amusements. LECTU RES. Public lectures, either gratuitous or otherwise, have been of quite frequent occurrence in these towns, and especially in Brunswick. Mention of orations and lectures delivered upon public occasions will be made under the head of Public Celebrations. The earliest known course of lectures was given liy a Miss Prescott, in 1825. The subject was " English Grammar,'' and the ticliets were three dollars for a course of forty lectures. In 1826 John Cleaves Symnies, a believer in an interior world, access to which was open to voyagers in the southern hemisphere, gave a course of three lectures, which was well attended, and commanded respect and interest, as Mr. Symmes was not considered a charlatan, however erroneous might be his theory. In the summer of 1832, or about that time, through the influence of the distinguished Doctor Eeuben Dimond Mussey, a professor in the Medical School, Doctor Sylvester Graham, noted for his theory of ]5 226 HISTORY OF BSVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARrSWELL. vegetable diet to the exclusion of animal, gave a course of lectures on his specialtj-. They were given in the Congregational Church, and were fully attended. The doctor was an attractive lecturer, and his theory gained many adherents. The meat-market ran low, and butchers feared for their calling. Some really feared that their occu- pation was gone. About this time also. Professor Espj', of Philadelphia, an admirable lecturer, and eminent in his specialtj', gave a ver^^ interesting course upon the theorj' of " Storms and Meteorologj'." He was called the " Storm King." Professor Smyth gave a course on " p]lectriuitj-.'' Professor De la Mater, of the Medical School, gave his regular course on " Hygiene," as a lyceum course, at which the medical class attended. Doctor Benjamin Lincoln, of the class of 1823, and then professor in the Vermont Medical School, gave a course on "Vege- table Life." Single lectures were also given hy Professor Packard, Ebenezer Everett, Esquire, Reverend Mr. Adams, and Professor Cleaveland. The most of these were free lectures, delivered under the auspices of the Brunswick and Topsham Athenaeum. They were given in the Tontine Hall. In March, 1833, a Mr. Wilbur, of Newburyport, Massachusetts, delivered a course of lectures on "Astronomy" ; and in the following August, Reverend Mr. Farley gave a lecture before the Brunswick and Topsham Athenaeum, at Reverend Mr. 'litcomb's meeting-house, on the subject of "True Enterprise ' In 1834 Mr. John McKeen gave a course of lectures before the above-mentioned society, upon the History of Brunswick and Topsham, and soon afterwards Mr. C. Hamlin gave a lecture at Pike's Hall, on " Steam Enginerj-." In the winter and spring of 1836 Professor Packard delivered a lecture on the subject of " Primarj- Schools," and Doctor Adams gave a course of lectures on " Physiology." The above lectures were given before the Athenaeum. In 1843 a Ij'ceum was organized, and lectures were given by the following gentlemen : Reverend D. C. Haines, on " Education" ; Pro- fessor Packard, on " Nationality " ; R. H. Dunlap, Poem, "A Defence of Poetry." The course was continued in 1844, by Professor Goodwin, on " Machiavelli " ; Professor Smyth, on " Explosions of Steam Boilers" ; Reverend Mr. Bailey, on " Reading" ; Wm. G. Barrows, Esquire, on " The Saracens" ; John W. Davis, on " American History" ; Reverend Asahel Moore, on " Popular Education'' ; Colonel T. L. McKennj', on " Origin, History, and Character of the Indians." GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 227 In 1857 a lyceum was organized by members of the Unitarian Society, and lectures were delivered by Reverend Doctors Sheldon, of Water- ville, and Peabody, of Boston, Mass., and by Professor C. C. Everett, of Brunswick, Reverend Mr. Stebbins, of Portland, Thomas H. Talbot, Esquire, of Portland, and by Reverend A. D. Wheeler, D. D. In 1859 a course of lectures was given at the Congregational Vestry, h\ Professor Paul A. Chadbonrnc, on "Natural History as related to Intellect"; by Augustus C. Robbins, on "Rags and Paper" ; by Reverend Cyril Peari, of Baldwin, on the "Past, Pres- ent, and Future of Maine"; and by Professor Egbert C. Smj-th, on " Walking." In 1860 a course of six lectures was given by Professor Chad- bonrne on "Iceland and the Icelanders"; "Natural History as related to the Fine Arts, on General Principles of Classification, etc."; "General Description of Invertebrates"; "The Relations of Natural History and Religion." In 1862 there was a course of free lectures. A record of two only has been preserved : the first by Reverend Doctor Ballard, on " Com- mon-Sense " ; and the second by Professor Packard, on the "Acadians, or French Neutrals." Topsham, not being the seat of a literary institution, does not show so large a list of lectures, though its citizens have usually con- stituted a fair proportion of Brunswick audiences. A lyceum was inaugurated in Topsham in 1842, but no record of any lectures has been kept, except of one in December by Reverend Paul S. Adams, and one in Januarj', 1843, by John W Davis, Esquire. In 1850 Reverend Amos D. Wheeler gave a lecture at the Court House on the different methods of reckoning time. In 1859 lectures were delivered before the Topsham Farmers and Mechanics' Club b^- Warren Johnson, A. M'., Topsham; Reverend Wm. A. Drew, Augusta; Reverend H. C. Leonard, Waterville ; and by Reverend S. F. Dike, of Bath ; Doctor N. S. True, Bethel ; Pro- fessor Paul A. Chadbourne, of Bowdoin College; A. G. Tenney, Esquire, Brunswick ; Reverend H Q. Butterfield, Hallowell. CELEBRATIONS. The first observance of any public event in either of these towns, 'of which any account has been preserved to us, was that of Washington's death, the observance of which, in accordance with a resolution of the national Congress, took place on February 22, 1800. But little is preserved of the proceedings of that day in Brunswick. The only 228 HISIORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. spectator now known to be living was at that time but eight years of age. A procession of citizens was formed in front of what was after- wards the residence of the late Doctor Lincoln ; they were escorted by boys under the leadership of Mr. David Dunlap, and proceeded to the old west meeting-house, where a eulogy was delivered 'by Doctor Page. The eulogy has not been preserved, but the closing words are said to have been, " If Washington is dead, we can thank our God that we have an Adams in the chair." In Topsham, a procession was formed at the house of Captain Alexander Rogers, and moved to the old east meeting-house in the following order : — Marshal. Military Officers (in uniform, with side arms draped in mourning). Soldiers of the Revolution. The Orator. Civil Officers of the United States. Selectmen. Citizens. The exercises at the meeting-house consisted of music, a prayer, music, an elegy, and the singing of an anthem. " The whole attended to with decencj', order, and decorum." The elegy was delivered by the Reverend Jonathan Ellis. The following introductory lines are given as a specimen of his muse : — "Ye who have often heard his praises sung In strains sublime by many an abler tongue, Now hear my grief-taught muse her grief impart, A grief deep felt by every patriot heart, — Our Washington 's no more." There was no observance of the occasion in Ilarpswell, the citizens of that town attending the exercises in Brunswick. The first observance in this vicinity, of the anniversary of the Declaration of National Independence, took place in Topsham, in 1805. Samuel Willard, then a tutor in Bowdoin College, delivered an oration " at the request of the Federal Republicans of Brunswick'and Topsham." ■The following year, 1806, the Reverend Jonathan Ellis delivered an oration at the Court House, before the members of the same political organization. No account has been found of any other celebration of this day prior to 1825, although it is known with tolerable certainty that such GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 229 celebrations were had almost every year during the first quarter of the century. In the year 1825 the citizens assembled on July 4, at one o'clock, p. M., at the " Falstaff Inn," Brunswick. Here Charles Pack- ard, Esquire, delivered " an appropriate and very interesting address." and concluded by reading the Declaration of Independence. A pub- lic dinner, enlivened with a variety of toasts, was then partaken of. March 4, 1829, the inauguration at Washington of General Jackson as President of the United States, was duly celebrated in Brunswick. " Father" Stetson writes in his diary, on this day, " Great parading in our wide street, guns fired, bells rung, boys mustered." July 4, 1830, was celebrated by a procession of j'oung men, escorted by the Light Infantry Company. An oration was delivered at the meeting-house on the hill, by Mr. Webster Kelly, of Topsham. It was followed by a dinner at the Tontine Hotel, furnished by Mr. Elijah P. Pike. The festivities of the day were marred by a fatal accident. The boys in their patriotic zeal had obtained a swivel about eight inches in length. This they had filled with paper wadding, but without any bullet. The force of its discharge was sufficient, how- ever, to cause the death of Mr. Theophilus Miller, who was accident- ally hit by the wadding. On July 4, 1836, the members of the Young Men's Temperance Society, of Brunswick, together with other friends of temperance, assembled at Stone's Hall, and formed a procession under the escort of the Mechanic Volunteers. The procession embraced a large num- ber of the temperance people from different parts of the town, includ- ing a portion of the Temperance Society of Bowdoin College. A company of j-outh, named the "Juvenile Guards," formed the rear rank. At half past ten a. m., the procession moved up Maine Street to the Congregational Church, where the following exercises were held : — " National Hymn, bj' the choir. Prayer, by Reverend Asahel Moore. 1 117th Psalm; tune. Old Hundred. A Declaration of Independence, written for the occasion by Mr. Alonzo Garcelon,^ member of the Senior Class of Bowdoin College. Address, by Mr. Andrew Dunning. Temperance hymn. Benediction. ' The services were interesting and the audience was large and attentive.' " The Fourth of Julj^, 1842, was celebrated in Brunswick with unusual eclat. At ten o'clock, a. m., a procession formed near Wash- ington Hall, under the direction of Colonel Estabrook, marshal of the 1 Methodist. — Bowdoin, Class of 1835. ^ ;^ow a physician in Lewiston. 230 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. day, marched through the various streets, and entered the Congi-e- gational Church at eleven o'clock. The escort was formed by the Mechanic Volunteers. The order of exercises at the church was as follows : — A voluntary on the organ ; singing by the choir ; reading of Scrip- ture by Eeverend Doctor Adams; reading of the 136th Psalm, with, responses by the audience ; prayer ; reading of the Declaration of In- dependence, bj' George C. Swallow ; singing by choir and congrega- tion ; oration by Washington Gilbert ; benediction. After the bene- diction, the audience separated, and, the procession being re-formed, they proceeded to the grove near the town-house, where a collation had been provided under the superintendence of Mr. William E. Field, Senior. The band enlivened the scene with appropriate music, and all seemed to enjoj' the festival. In the course of the afternoon, the j'oung ladies of Brunswick received their friends in the Tontine Hall. The j-onnger misses assembled at the house of Ebenezer Everett, Esquire, and passed the afternoon in a pleasant manner. In the evening there was a display of flre-works. In 1843 the Young Men's Temperance Societj' of Brunswick cele- brated the return of the anniversary of National Independence bj- a procession, of which Captain John A. Cleaveland was the chief mar- shal. Public exercises were had at the church on the hill. There was music by the band, a prayer, an original ode sung by the clioir, and an oration delivered by Reverend George Knox, of Topsham, which was followed by more music, a poem by Mr. Albert W. Knight, and an original ode was sung by the choir. In 1845 the day was celebrated in Topsham by the Temperance Society. The procession marched to the Unitarian Meeting-IIouse, where an address was delivered bj" M. B. Goodwin, of the Senior Class of Bowdoin College. After the exercises, there was a dinner at the Washingtonian House. Probably the celebration of the Fourth of July which was attended with the most eclat of any that ever occurred in either of these towns was that in 1854. At ten A. M. a procession was formed in the following order : — Marshal. Bowdoinliam Artillery, rire Companies of Brunswick, ^ as escort. Fire Company of Topsham, Band. Aid — Chief Marshal — Aid. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 231 Marshal — Pire Companies from Abroad. Marshal — Committee of Arrangements. President of the Day and Chaplain. Vice-Presidents. Orator, Poet, and Reader. Marshal — Selectmen of Brunswick and Topsham. Marshal — Pire Wards. Marshal — Superintending School Committee of Brunswick and Topsham. Marshal— United States Officers. State Officers. Marshal — Clergy. Members of the Bar. Town Officers (present and past) of Brunswick and Topsham. Marshal — Officers of Bowdoin College. Students of same. Marshal — Agent and Overseers of the Cabot Manufacturing Company. Operatives of the same. Marshal — Schools of Brunswick and Topsham, with their respective Teachers. Marshal — Preceptor and Pupils of Topsham Academy. Marshal — Strangers. Marshal — Citizens of Brunswick and Topsham. Marshal — Plokal Procession of the Young Ladies of Brunswick and Topsham, in carriages. Marshal — Juvenile Temperance Watchmen Club. The procession, after passing through the principal streets, entered the church upon the hill. Here Professor R. D. Hitchcock offered a prayer, and the Declaration of Independence was read by Professor H. H- Boody, after which Ex-Goveinor Robert P. Dunlap, the presi- dent of the day, introduced to the audience Mr. William P. Drew, the orator of the d&j. The oration was followed by a poem by Rev- erend Elijah Kellogg. In the afternoon a trial of fire-engines for the prize, a silver trumpet, took place at the upper mills. The prize was awarded to Androscoggin No. 2, of Topsham, which played a stream of one hundred and seventy-four feet and some inches. Atlantic Company No. 2, of Portland, was so unfortunate as to burst their hose at each trial. An exhibition of fire-works, which would have been a fine one, was marred by a shower which hurried it to a close. The festivities of the day closed with a ball at the Tontine Hall, under the direction of Protector Engine Company No. 4, of Brunswick. In 1860 the day was observed in a similar waj'. William P. Tucker, tutor of Bowdoin College, read the Declaration of Independence ; and Augustus C. Robbins, Esquire, of Brunswick, delivered an oration. Doubtless the daj' has been occasionally observed in Harpswell, 232 EliSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HASPSWELL. but no account of an}' special celebration has been obtained. TJie day is often chosen for Sabbath-school picnics. On Moudaj"-, August 16, 1858, a public meeting was held at the depot in Brunswick, to celebrate the successful laying of the Atlantic cable. General Abner B. Thompson called the meeting to order. Albert G. Tenney, Esquire, was elected chairman, and Daniel Elliot, secretary. The messages between the Directors of the Atlantic Tele- graph Company, and between the Queen of England and the President of the United States, were then read. A volunteer choir sang an ode, speeches were made by A. G. Tennej', Reverend John S. C. Abbot, Eeverend Amos D. Wheeler, D.D., of Topsham, Honorable Charles J. Gilman, Eeverend Aaron C. Adams, of Manchester, New Hamp- shire, Honorable Ebenezer Everett, Eeverend Doctor Ballard, and Eeverend George E. Adams, D. D., and the exercises were concluded by another ode from the choir. The depot and telegraph office were illuminated, as were also the houses of manj^ of the citizens of Bruns- wick and Topsham. February 22, 1862, the anniversarj' of Washington's birthday was celebrated in the Congregational Church in Brunswick. Reverend Doctor Wheeler, of Topsham, read the hymn, "My country', 'tis of thee " ; Professor Whittlesey read selections from the Scriptures ; Eev- erend Doctor Ballard read the pra3'ers for the occasion, from the Episcopal Collection. Washington's Farewell Address was then read bj' Eeverend Doctor Adams, a hj'mn to the tune of ' ' St. Martin's " was then sung by the choir, and the benediction pronounced. On Saturday, April 15, 1865, upon the reception of the news of the assassination of President Lincoln, a public meeting was held at the church of the First Parish in Brunswick. Honorable Marshall Cram presided. Eeverend Doctor Wheeler, of Topsham, made a prayer, which was followed by addresses from Reverend Doctor Ballard, Honorable Charles J. Gilman, Reverend T. J. B. House, Eeverend Doctor Adams, A. G. Tenney, President Leonard Woods, Reverend Mr. Baldwin, Professor C. F. Brackett, and Warren Johnson. A resolu- tion was passed expressive of great grief at the calamity- which had fallen upon the nation, and of faith in the stability of the government. The pulpit and choir gallery were appropriately draped in mourning, as were also many stores and private residences. All the flags were at half mast. On Wednesdaj^ April 19, 1865, a union meeting of the different religious societies of Brunswick was held in the Mason Street Church, at 12 M., in commemoration of the death of the late President of the GENESAL AND SOCIAL. 233 United States, Abraham Lincoln, whose funeral services were then being held at Washington, D. C. The exercises were as follows : — A portion of Scripture was read by Reverend A. D. Wheeler, D. D., a hymn by Reverend J. T. B. House, a prayer by Reverend Doctor Adams ; a second hymn was then read by Reverend Doctor Wheeler, who delivered an appropriate discourse. Prayer was then offered by Reverend Mr. House, a national hymn sung by the choir, and the bene- diction pronounced by Doctor Adams. The church was appropriately draped with mourning. April 19, 1875, the anniversary of the battles of Concord and Lex- ington was celebrated in Brunswick, by the display of flags, ringing of bells, and a national salute fired by a detachment of the Artillery Company, of Bowdoin College. Memorial Day has also been observed annually in Brunswick and Topsham by the decoration of the graves of the fallen heroes of the Rebellion, and frequently by a public address. PUBLIC MEETINGS. A meeting of the surviving soldiers of the Revolution was held October 5, 1825. Philip Owen was chosen chairman, and John Given secretary. A vote of thanks was passed to Honorable Peleg Sprague of Hallowell, Honorable John Anderson of Portland, and Honorable Edward Everett of Massachusetts, " for their generous and able pleas before the Congress of the United States, in behalf of themselves and companions in the perilous services of the Revolution." On April 23, 1827, a citizens' meeting was held, " for the relief of the Greeks." Speeches were made by Honorable Robert P. Dunlap and Professor Thomas C. Upham. The amount of one hundred and sixteen dollars was contributed. In 1833 a meeting of the citizens of Brunswick was held on the third of July, for the purposes of taking measures to extend an invitation to President Jackson to visit the town while on his proposed tour through New England. The antislavery agitation commenced in this vicinity by the appoint- ment at a public meeting in January, 1838, of Professor WiKiam Smyth and David Dunlap, Esquire, of Brunswick, and Reverend Thomas N. Lord and Reverend Edwin R. Warren, of Topsham, as del- egates to the Maine Antislavery Society, to be held in Augusta. At the meeting of this societj- Professor Smyth was chosen its secretar}'. In November, 1838, Mr. Codding, the general agent of the above- named society, delivered several lectures in Brunswick upon the sub- 234 HISTOEY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ject of slaveiy and its abolition. The antislavery cause met with much opposition in Brunswicli:. A meeting was held October 27, 1838, " to take into consideration the measures at present pursued bj' the Abolitionists," at which both the friends and foes of the measures were present. An attempt was made to introduce some resolutions which had been prepared prior to the meeting by opponents of the cause. This action was warml3- opposed bj' Professor William Smyth, who said they "had not come together to pass resolutions prepared to our hand without deliberation on our part,'' and that the call for the meeting implied that tliej- were to " deliberate, examine, discuss." Hisses and " Down with him ! " were heard in different parts of the house, but he con- cluded his remarks without any regard to them. He was followed and warmly sustained by General John C. Humphreys, and the meeting adjourned without transacting any business, to meet again on the following Tuesday evening. At the adjourned meeting General A. B. Thompson offered resolu- tions to the following effect : — Against any interference with slavery by the people of non-slave- holding States. Admitting the right of free discussion, but against the exercise of it and against any unlawful opposition to it. That the opinions expressed in these resolutions were in accordance with the sentiments of the vast majorit^^ of the citizens of that communitj*. Mr. Adams spoke in opposition to the resolutions, though liis remarks met with frequent interruption. The resolutions were adopted hy a vote of one hundred and sixtj'-three to one hundred and seventeen. On Wednesday, October 31, the citizens of Brunswick and Tops- ham met at the Congregational Church in Topsham to consider the action of the meeting held the previous evening in Brunswick. The meeting was opened by a strain of pithy, pungent remarks from Doctor James McKeen, in reference to the late meeting in Brunswick. Addresses were also made by John M. O'Brien, Esquire, Mr. Codding, and others. The meeting was highl}' interesting in its character, and cheering to the friends of free discussion and of equal and impartial liberty. It was agreed to call another meeting of the citizens of the two villages, to assemble in Brunswick on the Fridaj' evening following, and a committee was raised for that purpose. In accordance with this arrangement, a call was issued on Friday morning, inviting " the friends of free discussion and the right of the people freely to assemble for the purpose of discussing any subject in morals, politics, or religion, in which they feel an interest," to meet GENERAL AKD SOCIAL. 235 at the Second Baptist Meeting-House, in Brunswick, on that evening, to give such expression of their sentiments in relation to this light as in existing circumstances might appear suitable and necessary. The house was well filled. Professor William Smyth addressed the meet- ing at some length, reviewing the action of the former meeting, and taking strong ground in favor of free speech. Professor William Smyth, Doctor James McKeen, and Major Nahum Perkins were appointed a committee to prepare business for the meeting. They reported the following resolution : — " Besolved, That freedom of thought and of speech is the natural right of every human being; and that our Federal Constitution sacredly guarantees its protection to every citizen of this Eepublic." Brief remarks were made bj- John M. O'Brien, Esquire, in favor of the resolution. He was followed by Mr. Codding, who addressed the meeting at some length. A vote was then taken upon the resolu- tion, which was almost unanimous in its favor. Resolutions were then passed, that while the meeting would express no opinion either for or against the principles and measures of the Abolitionists, that they have a perfect right to hold and utter and defend their senti- ments, and " that as good citizens they should patiently bear with each others' supposed mistakes and errors, not doubting but, in the end, from the collision of mind with mind in open, fair, and manly discussion, the truth on every important subject will shine forth clear as the noonda}', commanding the united assent of all." A public meeting was held October 20, 1853, at the Congregational Vestry, to consider the importance of ornamenting the village with shade trees. Doctor Isaac Lincoln, Charles J. Gilman, John L. Swift, Hugh McClellan, George W. Carlton, Joseph McKeen, Jr., Valentine G. Colby, Francis Owen, WiUiam M. Hall, and Augustus C. Eobbins were chosen a committee to obtain the necessary funds and to superintend the transplanting of trees throughout the village. One hundred and thirty-two dollars and sixty-one cents was raised and paid out for transplanting trees, etc. Thirty cents was the average price paid for the trees. On Saturday, June 14, 1856, a public meeting of the citizens of Brunswick and Topsham was held, to give expression to the feelings of these communities in regard to the wanton attack on Senator Sumner by Representative Preston C. Brooks in the Senate Chamber in Con- gress. The meeting was called to order by Doctor Isaac Lincoln. Reverend Leonard Woods, D.D., was chosen to preside. Speeches were made by President Leonard Woods, Honorable Charles J. Gil- 236 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. man, Ebenezer Everett, Esqaire, and Eeverend Mr. Jaquis. and an address given \>y Reverend John S. C. Abbott. Spirited resolutions were offered by Professor William Sm3-th, which were unanimously passed. The meeting was a large and earnest one. The question of petitioning for a city charter began to be agitated by the citizens of Brunswick in the latter part of the year 1857. On January 7, 1858, a meeting of citizens was held at McLellan's Hall to consider the matter. The meeting voted that the citizens of the village ought to apply for a charter, and Daniel Elliott, A. G. Tenney, and A. C. Eobbins were elected a Committee of Correspond- ence in regard to the matter. Ebenezer Everett, Joseph McKeen, Eichard Greenleaf, Benjamin Furbish, and Charles J. Noyes were chosen a committee to draft a charter to be presented to the legislature. A second meeting was held January 26. A. G. Tenney, Daniel Elliott, Benjamin Furbish, A. B. Thompson, and Thomas Skolfield were elected a committee to obtain signers to a petition. The meet- ing agreed to accept the whole town in the petition for a charter instead of the village, if it was generally desired. A third meeting was held February 13th, at which it was voted to embrace the whole town in a petition for a charter if the town would so vote. A charter was granted by the legislature, to take effect if accepted by the whole town at its first meeting. It was not accepted 'by the town . From 1861 to 1865 inclusive, nearly all the public meetings held hereabouts had reference to the civil war then going on. The first one of which any record has been preserved was held at White's Hall, in Topsham, on April 23, 1861. It was to encourage the rais- ing of a company of volunteers. Francis Adams, Esquire, was chosen chairman, and Sandford A. Perkins, clerk. Speeches were made by Reverend Amos D. Wheeler, D. D., Reverend George Knox, and others. Captain Edward W. Thompson marched over with his com- pany of Brunswick Volunteers, and addressed the meeting. William Whitten, George A. Rogers, and Francis T. Littlefield were chosen a committee to solicit subscriptions, and two hundred dollars was subscribed on the spot. Some patriotic resolutions were also adopted. On May 2, a meeting was held in Brunswick, at which a beautiful silk flag was presented to the Brunswick Volunteers bj' Mrs. Arabella Greenleaf, in behalf of the ladies of the town. Captain Thompson responded for the company. A meeting was held in the depot, in Brunswick, on th3 afternoon of GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 237 October 17, and another on the evening of the same day, at which speeches were made by Colonel L. D. M. Sweat, and C. C. Woodman, Esquire, of Portland, Honorable Charles J. Gilman, of Brunswick, and J. T. Gilman, of Bath. On the nineteenth of July, 1862, a meeting was held at the depot in Brunswick, which was opened with a prayer by Reverend George E. Adams. Speeches were made by Professors Whittlesey and Chamber- lain, ofBowdoin College, and by General OhverO. Howard, U. S. A. July 25 a meeting was held at McLellan's Hall, and speeches were made by Honorable Charles J. Gilman, Professors Chamberlain and Whittlesey, Reverend Doctor Ballard, John M. O'Brien, Esquire, and J. T. Magrath, of Bowdoin College. On the 29th a meeting was also held, at which speeches were made by Reverend Doctor Ballard, J. M. O'Brien, Esquire, Reverend Doctor Tenney, of Ellsworth, Reverend Doctor Adams, A. G. Tenney, and by a Mr. Temple, of Bowdoin College. Another meeting of the same kind was held August 30, at which speeches were made by John M. O'Brien, Esquire, and A. G. Tennej-. September 1, a meeting was held in the meeting-house at Grows- town, where speeches were made by Honorable Charles J. Gilman and A. G. Tennej-. On the next daj- two meetings were held, — one in the afternoon, in the Baptist Meeting-House at New Meadows, at which speeches were made by Charlton C. Lewis, of New York, and by Honorable Charles J. Gilman ; the other was held in the evening at McLellan's Hall, and was addressed by Honorable Josiah H. Drummond, and J. T. Gilman, Esquire, of Portland, and by Reverend Mr. Rugg, of Bath. On September 8, 1863, there was a public meeting at the Bruns- wick depot, which was addressed by Honorable F. 0. J. Smith, of Portland, on the unconstitutionality of the Conscription Act. This could with more propriety be termed an anti-war meeting. In January, 1864, a meeting of citizens was held at the Congrega- tional Vestry in Brunswick, in favor of giving aid to the freedmen. Several speeches were made, and a committee was appointed to solicit aid. They issued circulars in regard to this object, and reported sub- sequently that thej' had received and forwarded to the Freedman's Bureau eleven boxes of clothing, the estimated value of which was $1,000. Several meetings were held in the summer of 1865, in Topsham, for the purpose of taking action in relation to offering inducements to the trustees of the State Agricultural College to locate that institution 238 IIISIOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. in Topsham. Sufficient funds were obtained, but the trustees deemed it expedient to locate tbe college at Orono. In 1.S66, some time in July, a meeting of the citizens of Brunswick was held to take measures for furnishing aid to the sufferers by the Portland fire. A relief committee was chosen, and supplies and money were sent by it to the (Aiy authorities. Doubtless many other meetings of the citizens of these towns have been held besides those which are here mentioned. Some others are mentioned in other connections, and there are some, doubtless, of which no record has been found. That our citizens ha^-e alwaj's been eminent for their cultivation of the moral and social virtues, no less than for their zeal for improve- ment in knowledge, is evident from the attention they gave to the formation of ASSOCIATIOKS, The munber of which, oSf various kinds and for various purposes, in Brunswick and vicinitj^, formed from time to time during the present century, is so large as to admit of but brief mention in these pages. Agricdltubal and Mechanical AssociATroNS. — The earliest association of this kind was the Mechanics' Association, of Bruns- wick, which was formed August 8, 1842. The first offlcei's were, James Derbj', president ; Benjamin Furbish, vice-president ; Theo- dore S. McLellan, secretary ; Ezra Drew, 'treasurer. The object of the society was " the promotion of business and the improvement of intellect." On April 14, 1854, the Sagadahoc Agricultural and Horticul- tural Society was incorporated. Though not a town society, it is mentioned here because all its buildings and grounds are situated in Topsham, and most of its meetings have been held there. The first meeting of this society was held in Bath, at the City Hall, July 1, 1854. At this meeting a code of bj'-laws was adopted and perma- nent officers elected, and the meeting then adjourned to the tenth of August following. At this latter meeting it was voted to hold a fair that autumn, at such time and place as the executive officers of the society might determine. Some of the principal officers, however, declined serving, and no fair was held that season. The society held its meetings annually at Bath for several j'ears, but had, at first, a hard struggle for existence. In 1855 Mr. Francis T. Purinton.'of Topsham, was elected its president. Though not nominally, yet in realitj^ he was the first person to serve in that capacitj*. In the GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 239 autumn of 1855 the rocietj' held its first fair in the old town-house in Topsham, and Reverend Amos D. Wheeler, of that town, delivered an address. The exhibition was a marked success. Since then annual exhibitions have been held, and the condition of the society has steadily improved. It now ranks among the very best of the agricultural societies in the State. It owns upwards of nineteen acres of land, a large two-story building, in which the exhibitions are held, a dining-h:dl, stable, and other buildings. The society is free from debt, and has a large membership. September 19, 1774, a grange of The Patkons of Husbandry was organized at Topsham, and about the same time one was organized in Brunswick. Both are in a flourishing condition. CHAKITABLE ASSOCI.-VTIOiSrS. The oldest association for charitable and social purposes is United Lodge, No. 8, of Fkee and Accepted Masons. The charter for this lodge was granted by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, December 14, 1801. The charter members were Jacob Brown, Wil- liam Fairfield, James Rogers, Daniel Holden, Ziba Eaton, Samuel Snow, Jonathan Snow, David Patterson, James McLellan, and Joshua Emery. The first master was Jacob Brown. The lodge was established in Topsham, holding its first meeting under the charter, Februarjr 20, 1802, at the house of Mr. Gideon Walker. The record furnishes no clew as to the exact place of meet- ing after that above mentioned, it simplj' reading " Mason's Hall"; and although a committee was raised at the first meeting ' ' for the purpose of hiring a hall and furnishing furniture, clothing, etc.," no record of the report of that committee is found. In 1804 a committee was chosen to " draw a draft" (for a new hall), and on February 12, 1805, it was " voted that there be a committee chosen for the purpose of making all the necessarj' arrangements for building a Masonic Hall and to carry the same into effect. " On May 27, 1806, a committee was chosen to complete a Masonic Hall, and September 23, 1806, it was "voted that the secretary be empowered to subscribe five shares for United Lodge for the purpose of building a hall" ; and the new hall was dedicated January 1, 1807. The lodge was evidentl3' not at that time full owner of the hall, as a vote passed March 17, 1807, pro\-ides " that the lodge take all indi- vidual shares and pay for them, when the lodge is in capacity to do the same." This hall was in the building now known as the Franklin Family School. Several public displays are recorded while the lodge 240 HISTOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ■was located in Topsham. On June 24, 1806, the Festival of St. John the Baptist, a "procession formed (under direction of David Patterson, as marshal i, and moved to Mr. Daniel Owen's hall, at Brunswick, where thirty-one Masons, together with five musicians, dined and then returned." On June 24, 1808, the Festival of St. John the Baptist was cele- brated ]3j United Lodge and Solar Lodge of Bath. Jacob Herrick delivered an address at the new meeting-house in Brunswick. In 1810 the question of moving the lodge to Brunswick was consid- ered, and in 1814 it was voted to petition the Grand Lodge for per- mission to remove it. The answer to this petition was as follows ; — Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, June 10, A. L. 5816. " On the petition of the officers and members of the United Lodge, situated at Topsham, voted that United Lodge have leave to remove from the town of Topsham to the town of Brunswick, of which the officers and members will take due notice and govern themselves accordinglj'. " John Fol-ey, Grand Secretary. ^^ "BOSTOX, June 29, A. L. 5816." The abo^'e is a correct copy of the indorsement on the charter. On June 24, 1816, a procession being formed, the lodge was joined by the officers and members of Freeport and Solar Lodges, and bj' the District Deput}' Grand Master Oliver Bray, Esquire. The pro- cession, preceded b}- a band of music, marched to the meeting-house in Brunswick, where an oration was delivered by Robert Piucknej' Dunlap. The procession was again formed, moved to Washington Hall, and partook of a bountiful dinner provided by Robert Eastman. The lodge did not return to Topsham, but met in Washington Hall, from this date until January 16, 1817, when a new hall, on Mason Street, was dedicated. Only Masonic visitors were present at this ceremony-. Robert P. Dunlap delivered an oration, and the fraternity afterwards "partook of a sumptuous dinner" at the house of the master. Doctor Jonathan Page. Li Januarj^, 1822, this lodge was incorporated into a bod3^ politic, "with all the privileges usually granted to other societies, instituted for purposes of charity and beneficence." In the j'ear 1844 the Masonic Hall was enlarged and refurnished at considerable expense. Tliis hall was oyer the Mason Street School-house, and the whole building (and land) was in 1872 sold to the town for an engine-house. The lodge moved from the GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 2tl IvTll on Mason Street, October 3, 1872, into spacious rooms in the third story of the new building, known as " Lemont Block,'' on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets. i The following anecdote comes in naturall3' in tliis connection. Early in the century a man came to Brunswick, who claimed that he was a Free Mason when he was not one. The deception was at once detected, but a few of the members of that fraternity determined to have some sport with the man, and at the same time give him a lesson that would be likely in future to deter him from attempting to gain a clandestine admission into other lodges. He was told that it was the custom of the Masons there to initiate all strangers before admitting them to the lodge, and that no exception could be made in his case. He consented to submit to the ordeal, and a room over Schwartkins's shop was at once prepared for the ceremony. The details of the initiation have not been preserved, but it is known that he was anointed with ivater in such quantity that it ran down through the floor on to the table at which Schwartkins and his family were at dinner. After the -ceremony was finished the candidate was asked whether it was similar to what he had previously experienced when he was admitted to the fraternity. He replied, " It resembles it some, but 3'ou use a great deal more water here." The Brunswt:ck Humane Society was organized May 2, 1820. This was, as its name would indicate, a benevolent societjs its object being to make gratuitous provision for the sick and destitute, of bedding and clothing, as far as it was able ; and to assist such desti- tute children as manifested a desire to attend the Sabbath school, with suitable clothing. The meetings of the society were held at the residences of members. During the first year thei'e were weekly meet- ings at which the time was occupied in making or repairing such gar- ments as they were able to procure for the above purposes. After the first year the meetings were less frequent. In March, 1822, the society contributed clothing, bedding, etc., " to students who had suffered in consequence of the fire on March 4," and it was at this time voted " that the sum of thirty dollars be delivered to Reverend William Allen to be expended in such articles as he shall judge proper for indigent students." The last meeting recorded was held October 30, 1834. During its existence this society did a good work in relieving the wants of the poor and adding to the comfort of the sick. 1 For the foregoing account we are indebted to Ira P. Booker and to L. H. StoDer, Secretary of United Lodge. Itf 242 mSTOET OF BRUNSWICK, TOP&HAM, AND HAEPSWELL. The Pejepscot Lodge, No. 13, Independent Oedee of Odd Fel- lows, was chartered Maj- 2, 1844, and was instituted June 13, of the same 3'ear. The charter members were Giles Bailey, John S. Gush- ing, John D. Coburn. Leonard P. Merrill, William H. Morse, and Horatio Hall. The first oflScers were, John S. Gushing, N. G-. ; Wm. H. Morse, V. G-. ; Jos. Lunt, 2d, T. ; L. P. Merrill, Sec. A hall was leased for five j-ears of John S. Gushing, over his store on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets. It was neatly and elegantly furnished. The carpets, drapery, curtains, etc., were of the best material, and the regalia compared favorably with any in the State. There were forty-two members the first year, and in 1849 the number had increased to eighty-six. In December of that year the hall, which the lodge had occupied for five years and six months, was destroyed by fire together with its contents, including nearly all of the books and papers belonging to the lodge. After the fire, the lodge held its meetings in a room over the store on the corner of Maine and Lincoln Streets, now A. T. -Gampbell's store. The lodge did not flourish after the fire as it had done previously, and the number of its members grew less each year, and finally, in 1858, the charter was surrendered. From that year until 1875, there was no lodge of Odd Fellows in Brunswick. In the fall of 1875 the old lodge was revived, and on the evening of October 6 there was a public installation of officers. Grand Mas- ter Stone was the installing oflSeer, and the following were installed officers of the lodge, Frank Johnson, Noble Grand ; Ed. Beaumont, Vice-Grand; R. B. Melcher, E. S. ; W. F. Tyler, P. S. ; E. T. Gatchell, Treasurer. The Ladies' Soldiers Aid Society was organized September 16, 1862. It lasted during the civit war. In 1863 a series of public tableaux was given by it for the purpose of raising funds. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. Of the numerous associations of a literary and scientific charac- ter, which have existed in either of the three towns, the Nucleus Club, of Brunswick and Topsham, deservedly takes the highest rank. It was instituted April 7, 1820, and existed under the name of the Nucleus Club until about 1832, when its name was changed to that of the Brunswick and Topsham Athenceum, and GEyERJL AND SOCIAL. 243 under that name it flourished for some years longer, when it wa8 disbanded. In the year 1830 the constitution, by-laws, and rules of the club were printed, together with a list of its members at that time. The exercises at the regular meetings of the club were a discussion of a subject which had been proposed, and accepted by the club, at a previous meeting, a lecture, dissertation, or such other performance as may have been provided for by the superintending committee or by the by-laws. On the evening of each anniversary an address was delivered by the president, and a poem or dissertation by some member, previously appointed bj- the club for the purpose. The by-laws provided for "a superintending committee," whose dutj' it was to select subjects and assign them to different members for discussion ; to procure lecturers ; purchase apparatus ; and to have the general superintendence of all matters not otherwise pro- vided for. Standing committees were also chosen annually, for the considera- tion of the subjects mentioned in the list given below. The club pos- sessed quite a large library, which was procured by purchase and by donations. When the club disbanded the books were distributed by lot among the members. The following is a list of the officers and committees in 1830 : — John C. Humphrej"S, President; James Gary, Vice-President ; Fran- cis D. Gushing, Secretary; , Librarian. Library Committee. — A. B. Thompson, John Goburn. ISuperintending Committee. — Ebenezer Everett, John Goburn, Wm. Smyth, Gharles Weld, John McKeen, Samuel P. Newman, Alpheus S. Packard, Elijah P. Pike, and Abner B. Thompson. On Chemistry. — Parker Cleaveland, Geo. E. Adams, Geo. W. Holden, A. S. Packard, and Joseph McKeen. Political Economy and Civil Polity. — Eobert P. Dunlap, S. P. Newman, G. Packard, R. T. Dunlap, M. E. Woodman, S. Veazie, G. Thompson, and P. O. Alden. Liti-rature and Belles-Lettres. — S. P. Newman, E. Everett, and E. P. Dunlap. Banking and a Circulating Medium. — E. Everett, Thos. G. Sand- ford, N. Hinkley, N. Perkins, and A. B. Thompson. Electricity and Magnetism. — Wm. Smyth, I. Lincoln, James McKeen, and L. T. Jackson. Navigation and Commerce. — A. B. Thompson, S. Veazie, W. Frost, John Dunlap, and N. Hinkley. 241 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP'SHAM, Aifl) HARPSWELL. Astronomy . — C. Weld and James McKeeii. Agriculture. — David Dunlap, John McKeen, Nath. Dunning, and G. W. Holden. Subjects connected with the Business and future Prospects of the Vil- lages of Brunsicick and Topsham. — Jolin Coburn, J. C. Humphrej's, F. D. Gushing, Dennis Gillett, J. S. Gushing, R. Forsaith, G. Water- house, John Owen, and Jos. Dunning, ^ Mathomatics and Surveying. — E. P. Pike, Wm. Smj'th, and E. D. Dunning. Hydrostatics and Mechanics. — P. Gleaveland, J. Garj*, Joseph Griffin, N. Houghton, L. T. Jackson, J. W. Moore, L. T. Gushing, J. R. Larrabee, H. M. Prescott, J. Stinchfleld, and E. P. Pike. Public Schools. — John McKeen, Geo. E. Adams, N. Perkins, Asa Dodge, and J. B. Gleavela,nd. Roads and Canals. — Gharles Packard, John Goburn, Joseph -McKeen, M. E. Woodman, and G. Thompson. History. — ^A. S. Packard and G. Weld. The Pythoniax Society was organized in Januarj^, 1825. Its object was debating, composition, and friendly and social intercourse. OvXj persons desirous of cultivating literary tastes by reading and discussions were invited to join. Dissertations were required from each member in turn. Its anniversary was observed every 3'ear in Januarj', at which time officers were chosen, and an address delivered by the president ; some- times there was also a poem, and always a supper. The society had a small but select librarj', which was distributed among its members when it was disbanded, which was about 1853, having had an existence for upwards of twentj'-flve years. The average membership was small, perhaps fifteen or sixteen. We are unable to give a list of its members, but it is worthy of remark that John S. Gushing was a member for upwards of twenty-five years, he having joined it the iirst year of its existence and continued an active member until he removed from town in 1852. The constitu- tion, by-laws, and a list of members of this organization were once printed, but no copy has been obtained and it is doubtful whether one now exists. In the winter of 1829-30-the BRUNSVyriCK Lyceum was formed. It originated in the following manner. The Washington Fire Club had bsen accustomed to hold its annual meeting and to have an address delivered, in the winter season. This year the address was by Pro- fessor A. S. Packard, oa the organization and importance of lyceums. GENES AL AND SOCIAL. 245 This address was favorably received, and the club voted to call a meet- ing of the citizens to hear the address and to consider the propriety of forming a lyceum. A meeting was held in the Universalist Church on Federal Street (now Dirigo Hall, on Oilman Avenue) , and a lyceum was formed Committees were chosen to provide dissertations or essays on the particular subjects of which they had charge. Several lectures were given, but the society lasted only for a short time. The Brunswick and Topsham Athen^um was the Nucleus Club under a different name. It received this name about 1832. This society was in existence in 1836, but no later reference to it has been found. At a meeting of this society in May, 1833, a committee was chosen to inquire into the practicabilitj' of building a railway from Brunswick to the tide waters in Casco Bay. In November, 1842, the Brunswick and Topsham Lyceum Soci- ety was formed. It was in existence in 1845, perhaps later. The societj' not only provided lectures, Ijut public discussions were held by it in the Maine Street Baptist Church in Brunswicli. The Castalian Society op Brunswick was in existence in 1845. Nothing more is known concerning it. The name would indicate that its object was to encourage a taste for poetry. The Brunswick Linn^ean Sociexy, organized in May, 1845, was formed at the suggestion of Professor Cleaveland, the object being to '' acquire a systematic knowledge of natural history." Meetings were held once a week at the residences of its members. At each meeting a dissertation was read by some member, and various subjects were analj-zed. During the summer, botany was the subject of studj*. At other times, ornithology, conchology, entomologj', ichthyology, mete- orology, mammalogy, physiologj', and geologj'. In the summer, excursions were made. July 1, 1846, the society went to Harpswell Island to visit a grove of the mountain laurel. The next summer an excursion was made to Merrymeeting Bay, in the steamer " Rough and Ready." Other excursions were made at differ- ent times to localities of interest in the vicinity. Each anniversary was observed in a fitting manner. The first by' an excursion and picnic to Harpswell Island. The second bj' a social meeting, with invited friends, at ComAon's Hall, at which an oration was delivered by W. G. Barrows, a poem by G-. F. Dunning, and an original ode by A. W. Knight. Upon the third anniversary a social o-athering was held at the Brunswit-k Seminary, an oration was deliv- ered by H. K. Craig, and a poem by A. W. Knight. In 1848 a number of lectures were delivered before the society (not 246 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. public) by Professor Cleaveland, G. C. Swallow, A. W. Knight, Oliver Stevens, S. J. Humphrey, L. P. Merrill, W. G. Barrows, and Doctor J. D. Lincoln. The society flourished until the spring of 1849 (a period of four years) , when it was ' ' voted not to assign any regular parts during the summer, but to come together in a social way once a fortnight and occasionally for a walk." Meetings were thus held for a short time, when they ceased altogether. The average membership of the society was from twenty-five to thirt3^ A Town Histoey and Natueal Histobt Society was organized in Brunswick, March 30, 1870, hj the choice of A. G. Tenney, chair- man, and John Furbish, secretary. Apart from creating an interest in its members for the objects for which it was formed, this society resulted in a failure. Debating societies and l3-ceums of minor importance have also existed in various parts of each of these towns, but they do not call for particular mention here. MUSICAL SOCIETIES. The first musical society in this vicinitj^ was the Hayden Society, formed about 1825. This was followed in 1829 by the Mozaet Society. This society was formed for the cultivation of musical tastes and for social inter- course. Its meetings were held at the Tontine Hotel, Maine Hotel, and at Eobert Orr's office. It embraced members from Topsham as well as from Brunswick. Robert Orr, General Abner B. Thompson, James McKeen, M. D., John H. Thompson, and Benjamin Dennison are known to have been members. About 1844 the Brunswick Brass Band was formed. It was probably the earliest band formed in this vicinity. It consisted of fifteen members and was in existence five or six years. William E. Field, Jr., was the leader during the last year of its existence. The musical organizations of a later date have been too numerous to admit of mention here. MORAL ASSOCIATIONS. In 1826 the Peace Society of Brunswick was organized. It continued in existence for seven years, perhaps longer. Nothing has been ascertained in regard to its membership or its meetings. March 20, 1838, the Topsham Antislavery Society was oro-an- GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 247 ized. James McKeen, M. D., was elected president; David Scrib- ner, vice-president ; and Joseph Barron, secretary. The whole number of members was fifty-eight. Their constitution required them to meet quarterly for the purpose of discussing the subject of slavery. About 1845 the Liberty Association or Brunswick was formed. Nothing has been ascertained in regard to this societj', but judging from its name, it was probably a political society. PEOTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS. The earliest society of this kind, not including insurance companies, etc., which appear in another connection, was the Brunswt:ck Watch Association. This was an organization of citizens voluntarily asso- ciated together to secure the village against Are during the winter season, when it was difficult to obtain water. At that time, there being no suction hose, the engines had to be filled by buckets. The association was formed January 14, 1826, a meeting of citi- zens being called for this purpose. At this meeting Joseph McKeen, Parker Cleaveland, Caleb Gushing, Richard T. Dunlap, Abner B. Thompson, and Benj. Weld were chosen a committee to prepare a sj-stem of rules for regulating the watch. They reported, and the association adopted, the following BY-LAWS EOB THE WATCH. 1 . " The watch for each night shall consist of four citizens, two of whom shall remain at the place of rendezvous, while the other two are out upon duty. 2. " The watch shall so divide themselves every night, that each half shall perform dutj^ in that part of the village in which they reside, so far as this may be practicable. 3. "The watch shaU make Jive rounds of the village during the night, the rounds commencing at ten o'clock, Iia'f past eleven, one o'clock, half past two, and four o'clock. 4. " Each round shall be divided into two parts, viz., one part, commencing at the place of rendezvous, shall proceed up Main Street to the Academy, thence returning by the meeting-house to the store of Joseph McKeen, Esquire, pass through Cross Street to Federal Street, thence down the same to School Street, through that to Pleas- ant Street, proceeding up that street to the house of Captain John A. Dunning, and thence return to the place of rendezvous. " The other part, commencing at the same place of rendezvous, shall 248 HISTORY OF BRUKSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. proceed down Main Street to the bridge, tlience thirough Bow Street to Mill Street, and up that street to the house of Mr. B. Wells, thence back through Mill Street to Main Street, thence through Mason Street to Federal Street, up that street to the house of Mr. C. Water- house, thence back through Centre Street to Main Street, and thence to the place of rendezvous. 5. "The watch wUl proceed on their rounds without causing any unnecessarjr noise or disturbance to the inhabitants. In case of fire thej' will give the most prompt and effectual alarm. 6. "One member of the committee, in the afore-mentioned order of their names, will superintend the watch, as expressed in the sub- joined list of the watch. 7. "Every member of the association who maj' be necessarily prevented from watching in his turn, shall furnish a suitable substitute, who, if not a member of the association, shall be approved by the committee for the week, or instead thereof, he shall pay the sum of one dollar ; and the name of the substitute shall be presented, or the mone}' paid to the committee for the week, as early as twelve o'clock of the day preceding his turn to watch. 8. " Each watchman, when out on dutj^, shall carry a watch-pole ; and the poles during the day shall be deposited at the place of rendez- vous, together with lanterns, to be used when necessary. 9. " The names of those who may be delinquent, or fail to com- ply with the by-laws established, shall be communicated by the com- mittee to the association at the close of the season." The b3'-laws were printed in sheet form, together with the ' ' Order of the Watch," which gave the names of the members and the dates upon which they were expected to watch. The place of rendezvous was, at first, the counting-room of Farrin & Dunning. In 1827 it was at Barker and Rogers's Inn. The Executive Committee in 1826 were : — Joseph McKeen, Parker Cleaveland, Caleb Cushing, Richard T. Dunlap, Abuer B. Thompson, Benjamin Weld. The association contained at that time one hundred and thirty-one members, some of whom were professors in college, and nearly all of whom were amongst the most esteemed citizens of the town. The expense of the watch was paid by voluntary subscription the first year, but afterwards it was assessed by the committee upon the citizens, according to the amount of property they had exposed to fire. Hot coffee, bread, butter, cheese, and cold meats were furnished the watch at midnight. The watch-poles which were carried by the GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 249 watchmen were about three feet long, with a hook at one end. The poles were used to walk with, and the hooks were used to catch into the clothing of anj^ culprit who sought to escape from the watch by running. A " Watch Book" was kept at the rendezvous, in which the watch each morning recorded any interesting event which occurred during the night. A book containing the records from January- 1st to March 31st, 1827, is the onlj- one we have been able to find. It contains no record of historical value, but has much of a humorous character, as . the following extracts will show : — " January 6th. Nothing material happened during the night. Found one light in a dangerous position (viz. at the head of a bed in a chair) ; two fires badly taken care of, and some courting on hand, people up late." '•January 30th. On the fifth watch saw a young man returning home from particular business. Detained him awhile, demanded his business for being out so late ; he gave us good satisfaction ; we let him go by paying one bottle of wine." "February loth. First round, half past twelve o'clock, met Hannah S. and Geo. W., all was well." " March 4th. One thing is deserving of particular notice, viz., not a hundred rods distant a fine lady was observed to be sitting in the lap of a flue gentleman, and as our respected major and squire would sa}', ' aU as fine as silk.' " The watch was continued for several winters and then given up. In 1849 a similar watch was established upon a modified plan. John M. Hall was appointed superintendent of the watch. The watch for each night consisted of six citizens, who were divided into three parties of two each, and it was so arranged that four persons were on the watch at all times through the night until daylight. The watch was discontinued at the end of the season and was not afterwards revived. In 1852 and 1853 a watch, consisting of six citizens appointed each night by the justices of the peace and selectmen, was kept in Brunswick. The chamber of the engine-house on Pleasant Street was used as the watch-room, where the watch met at nine o'clock each evening and organized themselves for the night. TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES AND TEMPEEANCE EEFOEM. The first movement toward the suppression of intemperance in this vicinity, and possibly as early a movement as any of the kind in the State (then District) of Maine, was in fhe year 1813. 250 lUSTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. On the second day of April of that j'ear a societj- was formed under the title of The Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswkll Society foe the Suppression op Intemperance. The constitution of this society at first limited its exertions to the single object of restraining intemperance, but by an amendment adopted at its first anniversary in 1814, it was provided that the eflforts of the societj- should also be directed against other immoralities. The following extracts from the constitution, as published in 1814, will show the character of the organization and the nature of its work : — " Article 2. The object of this society is the suppression of vice and immorality, and the encouragement of reformation and virtue. The accomplishment of this design is to be sought bj^ admonition and persuasion, and by promoting a faithful execution of the laws." Article 7 provided for a "Board of Council." Among the duties of this board were the following : "To make communications to other similar societies ; to receive communications from them ; to collect, combine, and digest facts and general information relating to the gen- eral purposes of the societj' ; to devise ways and means for the further- ance of these purposes, and at each annual meeting to report to the societj' their doings ; a digest of the facts and general information which they maj' have collected, and such measures as thej' may judge suitable for the society to adopt and pursue." The eighth article provided that each member of the societj' should make it an object to discountenance and prevent as far as maj' be, by his own example and influence, everj' kind of vice and immoralitj'. April 27, 1814, Professor Cleavelaud delivered an address before the society. A copy of the constitution and a copy of Prof. Cleaveland's address may be found in the library of the Maine Historical Society. That there was need enough of a movement in favor of temperance at this period is evident from a statement made by a competent person, of the amount of spirits of various kinds that were sold in Brunswick between November 1, 1826, and November 5, 1830. From this state- ment it appears that in 1826 more than 12,000 gallons of liquor were sold. In 1830, owing to the temperance reform, the amount had been lessened one half. The second temperance movement commenced in Brunswick about the j'ear 1826. The subject was brought before the people by a lec- ture on temperance by some gentleman from Massachusetts. Some of the citizens of the place became interested in the subject, foremost amongst whom was Professor Packard, then a j'oung man. The first GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 251 movement made after the lecture mentioned above was the meeting together of the traders of the village to consult on measures for pro- moting temperance in Brunswicli. This meeting was held at the old stage-house kept by Eussell Stoddard, and consisted of all the grocers, tavern-keepers, and victuallers in the village. Various plans were dis- cussed, but, about the close of the meeting, one of the oldest traders arose and submitted a plan and resolution. The resolution was as follows : — " Resolved, That hereafter the retailers of spirits in this village charge four cents per glass and six cents per gill for all New England rum drank in their places of business, instead of three cents per glass and five cents per gill, as heretofore ; and be it further resolved, that we add one cent per glass and one cent per gill to the price of all other liquors sold at our places of business." This resolution was probably not adopted, as it is said that the patrons of this trader found much fault with him, complaining that he had alwaj's made more profit by his sales than the other traders, because when he drew his liquors for them " he placed his large thumb in the measure so that the^' did not get more than three fourths as much for a glassful as they did at other stores." A good way, surely, of compelling men to drink moderately ! The lecture and meeting referred to did good bj' attracting attention to the subject, though no real measures were taken to prevent the spread of intemperance. In 1828 the survej'ors of highwaj^s were instructed by the town of Brunswick to use no ardent spirits at the expense of the town. It is extremelj' doubtful, though, whether this vote was due so much to the growth of a temperance sentiment in town as it was to a desire for retrenchment of expenses. The second organization for the purpose of promoting a temperance reform was known as The Temperance Society of Brunswick. It was organized on the twenty-third of November, 1830. The funda- mental article of its constitution, or " the pledge," was as follows : — " We agree that we will not drink ardent spirits, nor furnish them for others to drink, except when they are prescribed by a temperate physician as an indispensable medicine." The society was at first quite small, there being in January, 1831, only twenty-seven members. The number soon after increased to eighty, and in the year 1835 there was a total membership of four hundred and sixty. Many of the members were so Uberal in their interpretation of the pledge as to suppose they might drink wine or strong beer without violating it, and as a natural consequence, after 252 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. a wMle, they disregarded the pledge altogether. Others, however,- adhered firmly to their pledge, and remained ever after strictly tem- perate men. The societj' continued in existence until about 1842. Those, however, who adhered strictly to the spirit of the pledge had yreviouslj' left the ranks and joined other organizations. It is said of those who remained that it was customary with them to drink wine at their meetings. However that may be, it is a matter of record that the "Washington Temperance Society, in 1841, requested the clergy- men of Brunswick not to take up any contribution in their meetings for the old temperance society, on account of the bad influence of its example. We have been unable to find waj records of the societjs and cannot, therefore, give a list of its officers or any of its transactions. A copy of the pledge, containing one hundred and thirtj'-flve names, is in our possession. Among the signers are the names of professors, clergy- men, lawyers, physicians, and other prominent men as well as those of humbler citizens. The names contained in this list were obtained as early as 1833, possiblj' earlier. lu 1834 the Brunswick Total Abstinence and Charitable Soci- ety was in existence and was probably organized that year. In 1835 the Yodng Men's Temperance Society, of Brunswick, and the Temperance Society op Bowdoin College, were formed. There was also one other in addition to those alreadj^ mentioned as formed in 1830 and 1834, making five temperance societies in existence in Brunswick at this time. From the " Annual Report of the Directors of the Cumberland County Temperance Society" we obtain the names of all the officers of these five societies, but no clew is given as to which societjr a given set of officers belongs. Of one society Doctor S. P. Cushman was the president, and Pro- fessor A. S. Packard the secretary. Of another. Reverend George Lamb was president, and James Elliot, secretar3^ Elder John Baile}' was the president, and Jonathan Snow the secretary, of a third. Of another, Ezekiel Thompson was the president. Of the last, John S. Grows was the president, and Samuel Holbrook the sec- retary. The total membership of the five societies numbered nine hundred and thirtj'-four. About this time, as early at least as 1836, the Topsham Temper- ance Society was formed. This was the first society of the kind amongst the people of that town, with the exception of the one formed in 1813, which included citizens of several towns. The Washington Total Abstinence Society of Topsham was GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 253 farmed on the seventh of June, 1841. In November of the following 3-ear, there were one hundred and thirtj'-three members. Meetings were held weeklj^, and a good degree of interest was manifested. The officers, in 1842, were Samuel W. Swett, president; Nathaniel Quint, vice-president; Charles J. Harris, secretarj- ; Cyrus M. Puring- ton, treasurer and collector ; E. Sawyer, Charles Barron, and Henry C. Haynes, prudential committee. We have been unable to obtain any further information regai'ding this society. The Washington Total Abstinence Society of Bbunswick was formed on Wednesday, June 16, 1841, fourteen persons affixing their names to the pledge. From this small beginning the society grad- ually increased in numbers, and in Maj% 1842, there were five hundred and eighty members. The officers chosen at the time of the organiza- tion of the society- were General John C. Humphrej'S, president ; Moses Towns, vice-president ; George W. Carleton, secretaiy ; Colonel A. J. Stone, treasurer. Weekl}- meetings were held, at first, in the " Red School-House ' on School Street, afterwards in Humphreys Hall, and still later (in 1842) in Washington Hall, in the old tavern which stood on the site of the present post-ofHce and engine-house. During the first 3'ear the societ}' held occasional public meetings, at which addresses upon temperance were made and the pledge offered for signatures. One of these meetings was held in the Congregational Church, and was addressed by William H. Hawkins, of Baltimore. After the address one hundred and one persons came forward and signed the pledge of total abstinence. Meetings were also held at New Meadows and Growstown, and in Harpswell, Freeport, and other towns in the vlcinitj', under the direction of delegations from the Brunswick society. The society decided by a unanimous vote that moral suasion and not coercion should be the method by which its members should seek to reform the intemperate and to prevent the sale of ardent spirits. On the twenty-second of February, 1842, Washington's birthday was celebrated by a public meeting which was addrsssed by Reverend George E. Adams and Reverend Mr. Hillman, after which the society partook of a supper at Washington Hall. Dean Swift furnished an appropriate banner. On the fourth of March, 1842, Reverend Mr. Thompson delivered an address before the society at the Congregational Church, the members marching in procession to the church, escorted by Captain Newman's company of militia. 254 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. The society existed for several years, precisely how many we are unable to state. In 1841 the selectmen of Brnnswick voted not to license an^- innhold- ers, " unless they pledge themselves in writing, in the most solemn and positive manner, that they will not keep liquors in or about their premises to sell or to give away.'' They were also, at the annual meeting of the town, directed to prosecute all persons selling liquors without a license. Thej' were led to the adoption of these measures in consequence of the growth of the sentiment in favor of temperance reform which was promoted by the temperance organizations. The Martha Washington Society op Brdnsvtick was organized on the seventeenth of March, 1842. A number of ladies, feeling the importance of aiding the cause of temperance, met at that time and formed a society. Meetings were held once a fortnight. In July following the society numbered two hundred and seventy-five members. The society not only labored for the reformation of the intemperate, but rendered substantial relief to worthy destitute families. The Young Men's "Washingtonian Society of Brunswick was, as its name would implj'^, an association of young men for the promo- tion of the cause of temperance. It was formed in April, 1843. The officers at that time were M. B. Bartlett, president ; C. P. Stetson, vice-president ; A. W. Knight, secretary ; and E. A. Dunlap, treasurer. In 1845 the True Washingtonian Temperance Society of Tops- ham was formed. Nothing more than this' fact has been ascertained in regard to it. It was probably formed bj' those who, though tem- perate, cculd not conscientiously join a strictlj' total-abstinence society. In 1846 the popular feeling in regard to temperance had become sufficiently powerful to enable the town of Brunswick at its annual meeting to pass the following resolve : — " Resolved, That the traffic in intoxicating liquors as a beverage is injurious and unnecessary, and that, therefore, said traffic ought to cease ; that the selectmen be directed to take all legal measures for its suppression in this town, and that in so doing the town will sustain them." On the seventeenth of February of this j-ear a public temperance meeting was held in Brunswick, at which a committee, consisting of sixty-three prominent citizens of the town, with John F. Hall as chair- man, was chosen to devise means for suppressing the sale of intoxi- cating liquors. This committee issued a circular letter to each retail dealer in liquor in the town, requesting him to relinquish the traffic. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 255 These letters had the effect of inducing some to abandon the sale of liquor, though many still persisted in it. Jn the fall of 1849 the Sawacook Division of the Sons of Teji- PEEANCE was instituted in Topsham. It lasted for several years, and accomplished much good. The Brunswick Division, No. 142, of Sons of Tempeeance was instituted on the fifth day of February, 1850, by the Sawacook Divi- sion of Topsham. The charter was surrendered on the twenty-third of November, 1852. Eronswick Division, No. 20 (Sons of Temperance), was instituted March 22, 1858, by the Grand Worthy Patriarch. In August, 1859, it was voted to admit "lady visitors." On the thirtieth of September, 1860, there were seventy-eight members, and one hundred and nineteen lady visitors. During the three months pre- vious, sixteen members had been expelled, eight had withdrawn, five had violated the pledge, four had been admitted, three suspended, and three resigned. The division broke up in the fall of 1862. Temperance Watchmen. — A temperance society with the above appellation was organized in the year 1850 or 1851. Its members were required to watch for, and report to the society, all violations of the law of the State, pi'ohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors. The ceremonies of the society were simpler than those of most other orders, and the expenses were less. Pejepscot Division, No. 13, of Juvenile Temperance Watch- men, of Brunswick, was organized in the fall of 1851, and in the course of two or three months there was a membership of about fifty. Weekly meetings were held, at which were debates, declamations, and other exercises of a like character. In the autumn of 1852 a fine banner was presented to the society by lady friends. It is now in the posses- sion of Mr. Fessenden I. Daj', of Lewiston, who was the treasurer of the club. The founder and first president of the club was Mr. George W. M. Hall. The club gave a public exhibition on the fifth of Janu- arj', 1854. A Temperance Society was organized in Topsham, on the nine- teenth of January, 1857. It had no other title than " The Temperance Societj'." Sixty-two persons signed the pledge. David Scribner was chosen president; Joshua Haskell, vice-president; William Whitten, secretary; Sandford A. Perkins, treasurer; Humphrey P. Mallett, William Barron, Eben Colby, committee. The Cadets of Temperance, a society of young men under eighteen j-ears of age, was formed in the spring of 1869 or 1860. 256 mSTORY OF BRUmWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. There were two divisions of the cadets, one in Brunswick and the other in Topsham. The Bowdoin Temple of Honoe and Temperance, No. 5, a subordinate society of the Good Templars, was instituted in Brnns- wiclr, August 29, 18o6. The society was located in Brunswick, but contained some members from Topsham. The Joshua Nte Lodge, No. 126, of Good Templars was organ- ized on the eleventh of April, 1870, and is still in existence. The Reform Club was organized in 1871. It has held a number of public meetings which have been addressed by prominent temper- ance men from abroad, and which were productive of much good. The organization is still in existence and in a flourishing condition. No account has been obtained of any associations in Harpswell except temperance societies, though without doubt there have been some others. Besides the Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell Tem- perance Society already mentioned, there was in 1842 a Washingtonian Society, with a membership of over two hundred, upon Sebascodegan Island, and there is now a reform club of about forty members on that island. Other associations not given in this chapter, such as religious societies, military companies, etc., will be mentioned in their appro- priate places in other connections. FIIiES AND FIKE COMPANIES 257 CHAPTER VI. FIRES AND FIKE COMPANIES. CoNFi.AGKATioNS have been of rather frequent occurrence in Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell, considering the population of the towns. Tlie first-named town has suffered by far the most and the latter the least from this cause. The following account of the different fires that have occurred in these towns is obtained maitilj- from the accounts given at the time in different newspapers, from the records of the fire companies, and from private journals. It is believed to be as full and accurate as is possible from the data to be obtained. LIST OF FIRES IK BRUNSWICK. [1671. J The beech woods, where the pine plains now are, were destroyed by fire.^ [1676. J A house and other buildings, near where Pennell's Wharf now is, were fired b}^ the Indians. It had been occupied by a Mr. Wakelj', who was killed and his body cast into the flames. i [1690. J This year the whole settlement was destroj-ed by the Indians. [1722. J The Indians destroyed nearly all the settlement. Among the houses burnt were those of Thomas Tregoweth and James Thorn- ton. The latter was the father of Matthew Thornton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. [1735. J A block house, probably the one at Maquoit, was acci- dentally burned. [1737.] The house of Andrew Dunning was accidentally destroyed b^' fire, and his widow lost her life. [1770. J Deacon Samuel Stanwood's house, which occupied tlie ground where Mrs. Joseph McKeen's house now stands, was burnt. [1777. J There was a fire in some house, not known, which was caused by hot ashes in a barrel. 1 Traditional. 17 258 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. [1798. J The store of Stone & Veazie was burnt. It was a two- story building. [1805. J A two-story dwelling-house, by whom occupied or owned is unknown, was destroyed bj' lire. [1809. J On April 30, an extensive fire on the plains near the colleges. On June 29, at 11 a. m., the Gun House, on Center Street, was burnt. A new one was at once built on the same spot. [1810. J In January, day unknown, 9.15 p.m.. Captain Richard Tappan's house, store, and barn, and the house of Colonel Wilham Stanwood. Deacon John Perry's house was torn down to prevent the spread of the fire. At midnight Secomb Jordan's house, near Pollard & Green's tannery, was burnt. The thermometer at the time indi- cated —10°. [1814. ] Samuel Page's house and James Jones's blacksmith shop were burnt. For the next eight years there has no record been found of any fire. It is hardly to be presumed, however, that so long a time could have elapsed without some such occurrence. Newspapers at that time gave but little attention to such items, and they may easily have failed to be recorded in private journals. [1822. J On March 4, the principal college building was burned about three o'clock in the afternoon ; the whole of the woodwork was consumed bj' seven o'clock in the evening. The fire was undoubtedly accidental. $1,000 was contributed b}- the citizens to aid the suf- ferers, and the town of Dorchester, Massachusetts, also gave voluntary assistance. ■ [1823. J On February 12, the house of Mr. Benjamin Orr, occu- pied by the Misses Tappan, was destroyed. In March, James Nelson's house, near the landing, was burnt. September 4, a fire arose in the woods of Washington Bowker, near Rocky Hill, and made such alarming progress that it soon came within a mile of the village, where, however, its progress was fortunately staj-ed. It destroyed nearly every building for four miles in length and one in breadth. Twenty' buildings were burnt in all, amongst which were the houses of Andrew Toothaker, Lemuel Morse, and the Widow Douglass. There was also a great loss in woods, fences, sheep, and cattle. Among the sufferers were two widows. One of them, possibly Mrs. Douglass, " passed through a scene of peculiar anguish. After nearly exhausting her strength in fruitless eflbrts to save her house, she was I Cleaveland's Journal. FIliES AND FIRE COMPANIES. 259 compelled to bear awaj- her sick son, with only the assistance of small children, to a place of safety." Jt is handed down as a tradition, that this fire was caused by a boy setting fire to a hornets' nest, in revenge for the hornets having stung him. [1825. J On Tuesday morning, March 28, the store of Jotham Stone, occupied by Ammi R. West, was destroyed by fire, together with all his goods, valued at $2,000, his account books, and six hun- dred dollars in bank-notes, partly insured. This is the first instance met with in this town where anj- damages were covered \>y insurance. December 1, the post-office caught fire, but was only slightly dam- aged. On December 13, occurred what is known as the " Great Fire." Thirty -three 1 buildings were burnt, among which were the two fac- tory buildings, five dwelling-houses (occupied by eleven families), two stores, two saw-mills, one grist-mill, and a number of mechanic shops. The thermometer showed the temperature at the time to be — 13°. Many persons were badly frozen. The fire broke out in the then new factory building. The total loss was estimated at $90,000. There was an insurance on the factory of $1,800. At a town meeting in Brunswick, held on the twenty-second of De- cember of this j'ear, it was voted that a committee of fifteen persons be appointed to solicit aid for the relief of the sufferers by the late fire, and to distribute what might be collected. This committee appointed a subcommittee of three, to ascertain the actual loss sustained by the citizens, exclusive of that of the factory eompanj' and of property' which was insured. In their report it is stated that fiftj^-seven heads ' of families had lost $13,918, sixty-eight persons had been deprived of a shelter, and more than fifty persons had been thrown out of emploj-ment. $1,044 was contributed by the citizens for the relief of the sufferers. In consequence of the frequency' and severitj^ of fires at this time a citizens' watch was established soon after the last-mentioned fire, and all citizens were requested to have holes made in the shutters of their houses and stores, in order that fires might be more easily discovered. [1826. J On November 3, of this year, the following advertisement appeared in the columns of the Baptist Herald : — " Wanted, a Smart, Active Bot to set fires and burn brush on Brunswick plains. A college-learnt lad would be preferred ; one who has little else to do, and can aflford to work very cheap. Apply to Doctor Shame, next door to the House of Correction." ^A. C. Raymond's Diary. 260 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HAEPSWELL. No record of any fires has been found for this j'ear, but it would seem from the foregoing advertisement as though some parties had been kindling fires in the woods for purposes of mischief, and that the college students were the ones suspected. [1827. J In the night of November 7, the stage tavern, kept bj' Charles M. Rogers, was burnt. Several travellers who were passing the night there had barely time to leave their beds and get out, unclad, into the deep, newly fallen snow. On December 27, the house of Theodore S. McLellan was burnt. At some time this year, the exact date not known, the store of Colonel Jesse Pierce was i^artially destroj^ed by fire. After the flames were subdued a keg of powder was taken out of the building, the outside of which had been scorched by the fire. [1829. J On July 26, the house of Stephen Sawj-er was destroj^ed by fire, together with most of its contents. Loss about eight hundred dollars ; no insurance. [183 O.J On March 9, J. Nelson's cabinet shop was burnt. [1833.] At middaj' on Januarj' 11, the store of John McKeen was burnt. The contents were mostlj' saved. The building was esti- mated to be worth between six and seven hundred dollars, on which there was an insurance of four hundred dollars. [1834. J August 7, of this j'ear, the lightning struck Captain Given's barn and burned it, together with three other barns and ten cattle. On October 26, the old west meeting-house was burned by an incen- diarj'. In consequence, the town, at a meeting held November 15, appointed a committee to legallj' investigate the matter, in order that the incendiarj' might be punished, and voted a reward of one hundred dollars for the detection of the oifender. [1835. J The Dunning house, on the west side of Maine Street, on the hill, nearly opposite the meeting-house, was burned either this j-ear or (possibly) in 1834. The building was two stories high. [1836. J On February 17, at half past two o'clock, a. m., the college building known as Maine Hall was totally destroj-ed hj fire. On September 26, the drying-house, near and belonging to the factory, was burned. On November 7, the new two-story building of Messrs. Stone & Morse, near the corner of Maine and Bow Streets, was burned. It was occupied hy John L. Swift, tailor. [1837. J This year Messrs. Stone & Morse were again sufferers from fire, their store being burned on May 11. FISE8 AND FIRE COMPANIES. 261 [1838. J On Maj- 3, a "factory and picking machine was burnt." The newspaper account does not state what factory it was. [1841. J August 14, a portion of the McKeen woods was destroj^ed by fire. December 17, the toll-bridge burned. At some time this year, date unknown, the grist-mill at the Lower Falls was burned. [1843. j The house of Thomas Crowell, two miles from Bruns- wick Village, was burned on July 23 or 24. [1845.] On March 27, a destructive fire occurred, at which property to the value of $7,000 was destroyed. No other particulars in regard to it have been ascertained. On September 24, there was a slight fire at Humphrey's Dye House. On October 3, at four p. m., the " Growse" house was burned. Loss, two hundred dollars. Fully insured. On October 13, a two-story house a!t Mair Broolt, owned hy Mrs. Garcelon, William R. Field, and George Woodside, was destroyed. It was unoccupied. Loss, six hundred dollars. Fully insured. On October 19 (Sunday), between twelve and one o'clock at night, the houses of Stephen Harris and Joseph Badger were burnt. They were insured for $2,450. On December 26, a school-house on the Portland road was destroyed by fire. [1846.] On Februarj' 12, Humphrey's Dye House was burnt. On Februarj' 18, Major Willett's house, near the factory, was partially destroj-ed. Partly insured. The fire was extinguished by the Force- Pump Water Works. The fire was the work of an incendiary. In September, Nichols's store, No. 7 Hinkley Block, was slightly damaged hy fire and the goods injured by water. Insured. [1847.] On April 14, the woollen-mill of Whitten & Meder was partially destroyed. Loss, three hundred dollars. Insured. On November 13, a saw-mill was burned. [1849. J On May 3, the woollen factory of Whitten & Meder (owned at the time wholly by William Whitten) was again attacked by fire. The total loss was between $6,000 and $7,000. Insured for $4,200. On December 2, three buildings on Maine Street, beginning at the northern corner of Pleasant Street, where Lemont Block is now, were destroyed by fire. John S. Gushing occupied the corner store, and lost eveiything. The second story of this building was occupied by the Odd Fellows, who saved nothing. In the second building was a tailor's shop ; and in the third, a shoe store. The second story of these buildings was occupied by different individuals for offices. 262 HISTORY OF BRUKSWICE, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. [1851. J On March 12, the bookstore of Nathaniel Davis was burned at half past twelve o'clock in the night. July 30, a Mr. Cob- bett's house was destroj'ed by fire. [1852.] On June 15, Mr. Larrabee's barn at New Meadows was burnt ; and at four o'clock in the morning of the twentj'-sixth of the same month, a tannery was burnt. [1853. J The building on the corner of Maine and Mason Streets was destroyed by fire in February. Lorenzo Day and James Gary built one on the same spot that fall. [1854. J On Saturday afternoon, January 14, one of the mills on Shad Island took fire. The fire had made considerable progress before it was discovered, but b}' the untiring exertions of the fire companies, assisted by the companj' from Topsham, the flames were soon subdued. The mill was owned by the Granite Bank Companj' of Exeter, New Hampshire, whose loss was estimated at $300. It was used by Mr. B. E. Parkhurst as a match-box manufactorj'. His loss was about three hundred dollars, but was partially covered hy insurance. The machinery in the mill was the propertj^ of Messrs. Byam & Pearsons, of Boston, was only partiallj' injured, and was probably insured. Jul}- 6, the house of Christopher Mitchell, on the Portland road, was burned. No insurance. [1855. J On March 7, a loaded freight car was burned near the depot. The loss was estimated at $3,000. April 19, there was a fire at Carletou's gum factory. Amount of damage not stated. On June 25, the freight and engine houses of the Kennebec and Portland Eailroad Company were destroj-ed by fire about nine o'clock p. M. The contents of the buildings were saved. On July 1, an old stable on School Street, the house and stable belonging to the Misses McLellan, and the Stoddard houscj corner of Federal and School Streets, were destro3'ed by fire. The buildings on the " Stoddard lot" were owned bj' General R. T. Dunlap, and were not insured. The loss on them was about six hundred dollars. The McLellan house was partially insured. [1856. J On May 17, Miss Narcissa Stone's steam-mill on Pleasant Street was burned. It was uninsured, and the loss amounted to $1 ,600. This fire is supposed to have been the work of an incendiary. In November the house of Isaac Varney, near the depot, was burned to the ground. On December 10, the Washington Hall building and Parshley's store were destroyed by fire. The former was occupied by the barber shop of E. Eaton, by Johnson & Goddard's confectionery shop, AxA FIIiES AND FIRE COMPANIES. 2li3 l\v four families ; and the hall was used by the Brunswick Light In- fantry' as their armorj'. The building was owned bj' General R. T. Dunlap and S. Thompson. Dunlap's share was uninsured. Thomp- son was insured for five hundred dollars. P^aton's loss was some over fifty dollars. Johnson & Goddard were fully insured. The loss to the Infantry Company was about eight hundred dollars. Parshley's store was occupied in the basement by Mr. II. A. Thomp- son, and in the second storj- bj- two families. Parshlej-'s loss was about five hundred dollars in excess of his insurance. The whole loss due to the fire was estimated at $3,000. [1857. J In the spring of 1857 the town-house was burnt. It was the work of an incendiary. On September 29, the Kennebec and Portland Railroad depot burned down. A great many papers and considerable baggage were destroyed, though some of the baggage and freight was saved. John A. Cleaveland lost one hundred and twentj'- five, William E. Field four hundred, and Doctor Haley twenty-five dollars. The loss to the companj' was about $7,000. Thej- were un- insured. One trunk that was burned was said to contain jewelry to the value of three hundred dollars. This fire was thought to be the work of an incendiary. , On October 20, Darius Newman's shop, and on October 23, James Spollett's shop on Pleasant Street, were burned. October 30, Leon- ard Merrill's house, at the Landing, was partially destroj-ed. No- vember 22, Jotham Varney's building, occupied by W. J. Harmon & Co. as a billiard and refreshment saloon, was burnt. December 15, about four o'clock a. m., the Bourne mill, in the cove, was burnt. It belonged to R. T. Dunlap, C. J. Oilman, A. B. Thompson, and Ward Coburn. [1858. J February 25, there was a fire in the picking-room of the factory. [185 9. J At one o'clock a. m., on July 15, the barn, shed, and back part of the house of the Misses T. and J. Hiukle.>^!^n Ms^ine Street, which was formerly owned and occupied by Reverend John S. C. Abbot, were burned. The buildings were insured. The fire was supposed to be the work of an incendiary. On July 20, four or five acres of swampy land, near Rocky Hill, were burned over. In August there was a fire in the woods south of the McKeen Road, and also on the Plains. [1860. J On September 16, the house, barn, shed, etc., of Mr. Hiram Campbell, on the Bath road, burned down. 264 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. [1862. J June 27, the McKeen Store, occupied by D. B. Libby, and by Joseph McKeen, treasurer of Bowdoin College, was destroyed by fire. The more valuable books of the college were saved, though many papers were lost. Henry Bowker's house and H. A. Thomp- son's store were slightly damaged b}' this fire. On August 5, Gideon Kincaid's house, barn, and shed were burnt. [1863.] At eight o'clock p. m., on December 2, the stable attached to the dwelling of James Hall was destroj-ed bj' fire. Insured. [1864. J July 27, the house and barn of Calvin Cooper, one mile from the village, on the Bath road, was burned, together with its contents. About midnight of August 12, the house of Washington Stanwood, near Mair Brook, was consumed by fire, together with the out-build- ings and contents. It was occupied bj' Emery Hersey. Buildings insured for five hundred dollars. At ten o'clock p. m., on October 14, one of Humphrey's steam- mills (the most southerlj' one) was consumed by fire. The loss was estimated at $5,000. Partially insured. Lumber valued at $1,000 and not insured was also destroj'ed by this fire. October 20, Captain Nathaniel Badger's barn was burned, together with his horse and carriages. [1865. J On the tenth of April the barn of the poorhouse was fired by an insane person. The loss was about seven hundred dollars. Insured for two hundred dollars. At eleven o'clock p. jr., on May 3, the grocery store of R. Crockett & Co. was entirely burned. Partially insured. On September 26, the picking-room in the cotton factory took fire, but the flames were soon subdued and but little damage was done. [1866. J At half past eleven p. M.,on March 7, a loaded freight car was burned on the track near the depot. In the night of June 23, a car loaded with hay took fire near the depot. At three o'clock a. m., on Dscember 22, Forsaith & Dunninjg's house and out-buildings, and the house and stable occupied by G. B. Tennej", were burned. The loss of Messrs. Dunning & Forsaith was estimated to be $2,000 over and above the insurance to each. Tennej^'s loss was estimated at about five hundred dollars more than the insur- ance, and the house occupied by him was valued at seven hundred dollars more than its insurance. This fire was supposed to be the work of an incendiary. FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. 265 [1867.] On April- 16, the stable of W. A. Campbell, including four horses, three top-buggies, and one open buggy, one Concord wagon, four single sleighs, one double sleigh, six single harnesses, one double and one team harness, fifteen robes, an express wagon, and a hearse ; also the barn of J. Lufkin and that of the double house belonging to Albert C. Otis and Mrs. M. G. ISIerryman, were all destroyed by fire. Campbell's property, exclusive of building, was estimated at $3,250. He was insured for $2,000. The stable was worth five hundred dollars, and was insured for two hundred. The other parties were all fully insured. At half past five o'clock a. m.. on November 2, Jotham Varney's building, containing Haley's apothecary store and York's barber shop, was burned. No insurance. [1868. J On Februarj- 15, the woodshed of the poorhouse was consumed by fire. Estimated value, one hundred and fifty dollars. Uninsured. At half past nine o'clock p. m., on June 29, an engine-house of the Androscoggin Railroad Company was burnt. About midnight of September 2, the barn and a portion of the house of Waitstill Merrj-man was burned. It was occupied by D. S. Perkins. Merryman was insured, but Perkins was not. On November 26, the house of Harvey Stetson was j)artially con- sumed by fire. The loss was estimated at eight hundred dollars. No insurance. On December 4, a house below Mair Brook was slightly injured b}^ fire. December 5, the house, barn, shed, and several cords of wood, belonging to Captain Jesse Coolidge, on the river road to Rockj' Hill, about one and a half miles from the village, were burnt. The loss amounted to $2,200. Insured for $1,000. [1869. J At four o'clock a. m., January 21, Mr. Robert Bowker's house was partially burned. Fully insured. At seven o'clock p. m., on January 29, Charles Cobb's tool shop, on Gushing Street, was destroyed by fire. The loss was about four hundred dollars. No insurance. At ten p. M., on Ma3' 9, Moses Freeman's house and shed, on the Bath road, were burnt. Everything was lost, even to the clothing of the inmates. House insured. At twelve o'clock p. m., John Snow's house, a mile and a half from the village, was burned. [1870.] On the evening of July 19th, a farm-house on the estate of Captain Larrabee at New Meadows was burned. 266 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. [1871. J At six and a half o'clock a. m., on February ITth, there was an extensive conflagration at the cove, with the following loss : — Colby & Co.'s sash and blind, saw, shingle, and clapboard mill, two planers, etc., estimated at $10,000 Wing's grist-mill, estimated at . . . .... 2,000 Coburu's saw-mill, estimated at . . . . 5,000 Blethen, Booker & Given, tools, machinery, etc. . . . 1,000 David Dennison, plug-borers, etc. . . . 400 Edward Stone's sash and blind mill, ... . . 4,000 William Whitteu's mill, carding-machines, etc. . 4,000 Sundry others . . . 2,000 Total loss $35,400 The shore-string of the toll-bridge was burnt, and one span and one abutment spoiled. On the morning of May 20th, Samuel Gummer's house at Maquoit was injured hy fire ; loss estimated at two hundred dollars. [1872. J At two o'clock a. m., on April 3d, the Portland and Ken- nebec Railroad bridge across the Androscoggin took fire and was entirely destroj-ed. [1873. J On March 16th the farm-house of Horace Philbrook, with its contents, was entirely consumed by fire. July 14th, two miles of woods at New Meadows were burned. The fire caught from a locomotive. At fifteen minutes past eight o'clock a. m., of August 8th, fire was discovered in the stable of the Weld house on Federal Street. The fire was chiefiy confined to the stable and woodshed, which were a total loss. The L attached, to the main house was slightly damaged bj' fire and water. A portion of the library of Reverend Doctor Woods was burned and many valuable historical documents were destroyed. The loss on the buildings was about $2,200, on which there was an insur- ance of $1,300. The loss to the library was estimated at $1,000, but this was a low estimate. There was no insurance on the library. At nine o'clock a. m., on October 31st, fire broke oat in a house on Bow Street, occupied by a French family. It was speedily extin- guished and but slight damage was done. [1874. J At half past five p. sr., on May 15th, Benjamin Dunning's house was partially burnt. It was insured. At three o'clock a. si., on July 19th, the High School-House was damaged by fire to the amount of $1,500. It was supposed to be the work of an incendiarj'. In the night of November 28th the soap factory of Levi F. FISES AXD FIRE COMPANIES. 267 Andrews, in East Brimswick, was destroyed by fire. The loss was eight hundred dollars ; no insurance. In the forenoon of November 30, the house and barn, with their con- tents, of Martin Eaton was consumed by fire. There was no insurance, and the familj- was left destitute. [1875. J In the night of March 3d the old Hunt house on the Maquoit road was burned, together with the adjoining barn. In the morning of August 6, the house of Charles J. Noj-es, occu- pied by Miss Estabrook and Mrs. Cutler, was somewhat injured by fire, but not consumed ; insured. [1876. J On April 27, a large fire occurred on the Commons, near the Harpswell road. September 15, at one o'clock a.m., the Bradford Cobb house on Pleasant Street was totally destroyed. Loss, $2,000 ; insurance, $1,500. November 6, at one o'clock a. m., the barn and L of the Melcher house on Noble Street were burned. Two horses were burned to death. On December 5, Stephen Walker's house on the River road was destroj'ed. loss, six hundred and twenty-five dollars ; insured. The following is a resume of the list given above : — There have been, during the time from 1671 to 1877, at least one hundred and twenty occurrences of fire in town. This would make an average of a little over one fire every two j^ears. Probablj' a cor- rect average would be about one fire a j'ear. Of the one hundred and nine fires in which the season is stated, twentj--six occurred in the winter time, twenty-seven occurred in the spring, twenty-five occurred in the summer, and thirty-one occurred in the autumn. Of the forty-three fires in which the time of day is stated, thirteen occurred between 6 a. m. and 6 p. m., and thirt}' between 6 p. m. and 6 a. m. The largest number of fires occun-ed in the month of Decem- ber (12), and the least in January (6). LIST OF FIRES 'IN TOPSHAM. Though the town of Topsham has suflfered from no very extensive conflagration, it has had the usual experience in fires of other manu- facturing and ship-building towns of its size. The only accounts of such occurrences before the present century are of the burning by the Indians of the houses of Gyles, Thomas, and York, and the tradi- 2()8 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARFSWELt. tional account of the house of Robert Patten having been twice destroj'ed hj Are. The dates of all the above fires are unknown. [1801. J In March or April of this year Captain Robert Patten's house was destroyed by fire. [1810. J On Saturday, July 21 , a large building, occupied by Messrs. Coombs and Hodgdon, the office of Benjamin Orr, Esquire, and three stables (probably misprint for stores in the newspaper account) , belong- ing to H. Piirinton, N. Green, and Messrs. T. & N. Sandford, were consumed by fire. [1826. J Saturday, January 14, " Sager's house in Topsham was bnrnt about three o'clock." On Sunday, January 15, between three and six o'clock a.m., the large three-story building owned by George F. Richardson, and a shop owned by Daniel Dennett, were burned. The upper stories of the house were occupied by the families of Messrs. Richardson, Oliver Conant, and Eliphalet Brj-ant. The inmates escaped, but saved noth- ing. The lower storj' was occupied by Major Nahum Perkins ami Samuel R. Jackson as a grocery' store. Richardson's loss was estimated at $4,000, Perkins & Jackson's about $4,000, and S. & N. Perkins, in notes and accounts, about $7,000, together with all their account- books. Mr. Gillet lost his shop and stock; about $1,000. There was no insurance. It rained hard and there was snow on the roofs, or the greater part of the village would have been destroyed. Saturday, July 8, P. Dinsmore's tavern, owned by Captain Samuel Perkins, with the barns and out-houses, was destroj-ed by fire. The Brunswick people had to laj' planks across the stringers of the bridge (which was being repaired), to get their engine across. December 24, about 12.30 at night, the store owned bj- General Samuel Veazie, and occupied by Abel Merrill, Junior, was burned. The goods, valued at $1,900, were all consumed, together with three hundred and fifty dollars in cash. The building was not insured, but the goods were insured for $1,600. [1828.] On January 27, General Veazie's house, situated where Mr. Woodbury B. Purinton now lives, was partially burned. [1842. J July 25, a fine new ship of about four hundred tons, on the stocks, and nearly completed, was destroj-ed by fire at the yard of John Godfrey. The heat was so intense that the house of Mr. F. T. Purinton, a few rods distant (near the junction of Main and Green Streets), took fire several times, but was saved by the exertions of the firemen. A stable and chaise-house near, belonging to Mr. Pur- inton, were consumed, and a dwelling-house, occupied by Mr. Small, was much damaged by fire and water. FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. 269 The vessel was valued, as she stood, at $15,000. She was owned by Mr. Godfrej-, and Messrs. Frost, Haskell, Perkins, and Mallet, the greater part of the loss falling, however, upon Mr. Godfrey. No insurance. The whole loss, including buildings, etc., was estimated at not less than $20,000. [1843. J The woods in the eastern part of the town were burned. Probablj- what was known as the " undivided." [1844. J March 25, the house of Mr. Leiden Cook was destroj-ed bj' fire. [1845. J May 12, woods burned. [1850.] December 23, Mr. Rufus Rogers's mill, at the upper dam, was destro5-ed b}- fire. December 29, Mr. Charles Thompson's store, occupied by F. T. Littlefield, tailor, and C. A. Berrj^, harness-maker, was totally con- sumed. The contents were saved. [1851. J January 20, Ephraim Griffln's stable was partially burned. [1854.] Railroad bridge Was partiallj' burned this year. [1857.] December 3, at a quarter before two o'clock in the morn- ing, Mr. Alfred White's store was destroyed by fire. On the 9th, about eleven and a half o'clock in the forenoon, the old Court House (Academy) was burned. It was owned at the time by Charles Thompson, Joshua Haskell, W. B. Parinton, "William Dennett, and Warren Johnson. On the 17th, John Flagg's house was totally consumed. [1858.] January 11, the Walker house suffered slightly from fire. It was supposed to have been set on fire by an incendiary. [1859.] In August some woods were burned. [I860.] February 18, the old store of F. T. & W. B. Purinton, on Main Street, was burnt. Dunlap's paint-shop, also, at the same time. It was thought to be the work of an incendiary. April 23, at one o'clock in the night, the house, barn, and sheds, with their contents, of Mr. F. W. Dearborn caught fire, and were consumed. The house was unoccupied at the time. Loss $1,800. Partially insured. May 30, Johu F. Blondell's house, four miles from the village, with barn, sheds, etc., and from forty to fifty cords of wood belonging to Messrs. William and Charles T. Patten, was destroyed by fire. [1862.] April 2, John Preston's house, barn, and sheds on the mill road, together with eight cords of wood, one half ton of hay, and two fowl, were consumed by fire. Insured partially. [1863.] August 25, at one o'clock at night, Maxwell & Jameson's 270 niSTOBT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARP8WELL. blacksmith shop was burnt. Supposed to be the work of an incen- diary. Loss, four hundred dollars. No insurance. [1864.J April 23, the house owned hy Miss Hannah Thompson and her sister, and occupied bj' Miss Thompson and Mrs. Merris, was burned. No insurance. July 17, the woods north of the fair grounds were burned. Considerable damage done. [1865. J October 7, an old dwelling, belonging to Mr. Rufus Rog- ers, was totally consumed by fire. October 12, Wildes P. Walker's barn was set on fire, but was extinguished with but slight damage. [1868.] April 21, at three o'clock in the morning, the barn and shed of W. D. Haskell and the barn and shed of H. P. Mallett were consumed hy fire. Both were insured. July 3, at ten o'clock in the evening, Perkins's saw-mill on the west side of the Topsham end of the toll-bridge was burned. It was the work of an incendiary. Loss $1,500. No insurance. [1871. J May 24, in the night, a blacksmith's shop near Mr. Rufus Rogers's mill was burned. [1873. J April 14 (to 19), Cornelius Gleason's house on the old Bowdoinham road was destroyed by fire. No insurance. April 19, the old "Fuller" Haley house was burned. It had been unoccupied for a long time, and the fire was undoubtedlj' incen- diary. [1874. J June 11, the barn and ha}' of Charles E. White, and lum- ber worth $1,000, were destroyed by fire. No insurance. August 8, at two o'clock in the morning on the Mallet road, some three or four miles from the village, Mr. Charles Piirinton's house, stable, and barn were burned. Loss about $4,000. Insured for $2,000. The following is the resume of the foregoing list. The number of fires known to have occurred in this town is thirty- eight, an average of one in two and a half years. Of the thirty fires in which the month is given, twelve occurred in the winter, eleven in the spring, nine in the summer, and two in the autumn. The largest number occurred in December, and none in September or November. Five fires are recorded as occurring in the daj-time and eight at night. LIST or PIEES IN HAEPSWELL. Tradition says that the lower end of Harpswell Neck was at one time burned over and the cinders, flying across to Bailey's Island, set fire to the woods on that island, and thej' were all destroyed. No date is given of this occurrence, but it was probablj- verj- early in the history FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. 271 of the town, quite likely before its incorporation. Verj^ few buildings have ever been destroyed by fire in this town. It is said that the only building ever burnt on Bailey's Island was -an old, dilapidated school- house.' On the iSd of January, 1822, James Barstow's house on Orr's Island was burned to the ground. Mrs. Barstow, who was then seventy-four years of age and who was very fleshy, was taken out in her night- clothes and carried some distance to the house of a friend. A portion of the way she had to walk. She died three days after in consequence of the exposure. Mr. Barstow never recovered from the shock and exposure, and was at times insane. He died in 1826. The origin of the fire was a candle which was placed under and in too close prox- imity to a shelf. Phineas Webber's house on Great Island caught fire, date un- known, from some boiling tar upon a stove. The house and contents were entirely destroyed. The loss was about $1,000. Insured for two hundred dollars. It was the first house in Harpswell that was ever insured. On July 4, 1868, the Mansion House on Harpswell Neck was burned. The cause of the fire is unknown. The loss was $3,000. There have doubtless been other fires than those enumerated, but these are all of which we have been able to learn. Owing to the few cases recorded, no resume of the fires in this town is needed. The first fire-engine in Brunswick was purchased in 1810, by indi- viduals. It was a small " tub " and had to be filled by buckets. An effort was made in 1810 to induce the town to appropriate some amount towards the purchase of this engine, but the article in the warrant for this object was dismissed. In 1814 an attempt was made to induce the town " to accept of the engine," but it declined so to do. This engine was used as late as 1847, at which time Whitten & Meder's factory was burned. This engine had no name at first, but was after some years named the " Mechanic." The first fire companj- in Brunswick was called the Washington Fire Club. It was certainly formed as early as 1821, and very likely at the time of purchase of the engine, in 1810. No records of this company have been found, but it is known that the membership was voluntary, and that each member agreed to have in readiness for use, one canvas bag, one bed-key, and two leathern fire-buckets. In 1825 this company had charge of the engine, as is shown by a bill against the company for repairs to the pumps of the engine. In 1826 there 272 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. were about fifty members to tliis club, among whom were Doctor Isaac Lincoln, Professor Parker Cleaveland, General Eichard T. Dunlap, General Abner B. Thompson, General John C. Humphrej's, and Mr. John Coburn. After the "Great Fire" in 1825, the town appointed Professor Parker Cleaveland, Robert Eastman, Doctor Isaac Lincoln, Doctor Jonathan Page, and John Coburn a committee to purchase a new engine, and eight hundred dollars was appropriated for the purpose, with the proviso that any unexpended balance should be used for building an engine-house. The selectmen were also this j-ear directed to increase the number of engine-men to twenty-flve. This second engine was the " Hj'draulian." It was made in Philadelphia. It had a suction attachment, not flexible like those of the present day, but of straight copper tubing, with curved joints. There were platforms over each wheel, upon which three or four men stood to aid those who stood on the ground m working the breaks. This engine was sold in 1852, in exchange for the " Protector No. 4." No records of the Hydraulian Engine Company have been found previous to its reorganization in 1843, but it is known that Professor Cleaveland was especiallj' instrumental in its organization. He was its first commander, and held the position for twenty }'ears. He was alwaj's one of the first on the ground at a fire, always managed the hose pipe, and always stood, when duty required, in the place of the greatest exposure and danger. In the summer of 1828 or 1830, a force pump was erected at the upper dam. It was operated by water power, and it forced water from the river through pipes, into a large tank which was situated on the high ground west of Union Street, about where the corn-house of the Honorable C. J. Gilman now stands. From thence the water was carried, bj* its own gravitj-, through pipes to Maine Street, just north of Lincoln Street, where it flowed continuously through a standing pipe, and thence along the gutter at the side of the street to the cove, where it entered the ri\'er. This arrangement worked well in summer, but when winter came the water froze in the gutter, the street and sidewalks were overflowed and covered with ice for a long distance, and the experiment was abandoned. It was probably a private enter- prise to secure the propert}- of individuals from loss hy fire, as there is nothing in the town records to indicate that the town had anything to do with it. The third engine in Brunswick was the " Niagara, No. 3." It was purchased by the town in 1848. This engine was exchanged in 1870 FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. 273 for a larger and better one, called the " Niagara, No. 3," also, but which was really the fourth engine. The early records of Niagara Engine Company have not been found. The only thing known about it prior to its reorganization is that on the evening of June 11, 1855, the company paraded the streets with torch-lights. The records which we have seen commence in 1858. The officers of the company at that time consisted of three directors, a standing committee of four, exclusive of the first director, one steward, one assistant steward, three pipemen, one foreman of hose, five leading hosemen, three suction hosenien, two axemen, and one clerk. The latter was paid between five and ten dollars per j-ear. During the year there were sixtj'-seven members in the company. The only events worthj' of mention, to be gleaned from the records, are the following : — October 17, 1858, the company attended the funeral of Professor Cleav eland. August 7, 1860, the company was presented with a flag bj^ Edward W. Thompson, Esquire. On December 4, of the same year, a flag was also presented by Colonel Alfred J. Stone. Probably one of these was an ensign. On July 4, 1865, the compan}- went to Lewiston to celebrate the da}'. August 7, 1866, the companj' was disbanded, but was reorganized on the thirteenth of that month, and the old constitution and bj'-laws were adopted. No entry appears in the records later than the j'ear 1871. The fifth engine in Brunswick was called the " Protector No. 4." It was pur- chased in 1852. The town that year authorized the selectmen to dis- pose of the two old engines and to purchase a new one. Two hun- dred dollars was appropriated, to be added to the proceeds of the sale of the old engines. The first book of records of the Protector Companj' has not been found. From the second book it appears that at the first meeting, held April 3, 1854, the following ofliicers were chosen : H. M. Bowker, first director ; J. H. Toothaker, second director ; R. L. McManus, third director ; Hiram Talbot, clerk ; John Andrews, steward ; John Andrews, Joseph McKeen, Charles Hinkley, A. S. Aubins, suction hosemen ; Charles E. Owen, first pipeman ; Jordan Snow, second pipeman; John D. Stanwood, third pipeman. C. E. Lunt, Wilham Reed, B. Boutelle, John Hinkley, G. W. Swett, I. Taylor, A. Colby, hosemen; Curtis 'Harmon, A. Underbill, axemen; David Bonney, James French, torch-boys. The sixth engine in Brunswick was the "Kennebec No. 1.'' It was bought in 1875. 18 274 BISTORT OF BRVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In 1836 the village of Brunswick was created a corporation, bj' an act of the legislature, and invested with power " to raise money for the purchase, repair and preservation of one or more fire-engines, hose, or other apparatus for the extinguishment of fire, for the con- struction of reservoirs and aqueducts for procuring of water, and for organizing and maintaining within the limits of said territor}' an efficient fire department. The officers were a supervisor, clerk, treasurer, prudential committee of three, and from five to nine fire- wardens. At a meeting of this corporation, held in November, 1836, a com- mittee was appointed "to devise waj's and means for protecting the village against fire." This committee reported in favor of building eighteen brick cisterns, circular, and about twelve feet in diameter and fourteen feet deep. They also recommended the purchase of a double- chambered engine for raising the water from the cisterns and conveying it to different parts of the village. How far these recommendations were carried out is not known. In 1875 the town purchased the two and a half inch iron pipe which had been laid by the Compressed Air Companj-, from the bridge to the railroad station. It was connected with the force pump of the Pulp Company, and was found to throw a powerful stream of water for a long distance, through two hundred feet of hose. The following was the condition of the fire department of Bruns- wick, in March, 1876. The number of engines was three, viz., the " Niagara, No. 3," " Pro- tector, No. 4," and " Kennebec, No. 1." The " Niagara " was built hy Hunneman & Co., of Boston, in 1870. The diameter of its cylinder is five and three fourths inches. It is a first-class machine and is provided with folding brakes. The " Pro- tector" was built by Hunneman & Co. in 1852. The diameter of its cylinder is five inches. The " Kennebec '' was made b.y Button & Son of Waterford, New York, in 1867. The diameter of its cylinder is ten i;]ches. There were at this time twenty-three reservoirs in good con- dition. The first engine in Topsham was purchased about 1810 bj' private individuals. In 1813 an effort was made to induce the town to take c'.iarge of it, but the town voted '' not to accept " the gift. The next year, however, it was generously voted to accept it, ' ' provided the town should never be at any expense either for the purchase or repairs." The town did, however, in 1826, vote, without any reservation, to FIRKS AND FIRE COMPANIES. 275 accept and take care of this engine. Lilce the first engine in Bruns- wick, this one was a small affair, and had to be filled by bnciets. The earliest fire corapanj- established in Topsham, of which there is an3- record, was the Lincoln Fire Club. The exact date of its organization is not known, but the regulations of the club were printed in 1829. It may, however, have been in existence for some j-ears previously. According to their regulations, the club met four times a year, on the first Tuesdays of January, April, July, and October. Whoever was absent the whole evening was fined twenty- five cents, and if any member left the meeting without the express consent of the club he was fined twenty-five cents also. The officers were a chairman, secretarj', and treasurer. In order to be eligible for membership, one must be proposed at a previous meeting and receive three fourths of the ballots of those present on the night of his election. He must also pay in the sum of one dollar as an admis- sion fee. Honorary members were elected in the same way, but were exempt from all assessments and fines. Each member was required, within three months after his admission to the club, to furnish himself with two good leathern fire-buckets, holding at least ten quarts each. The fire hooks and ladders were under the control of and were probablj' owned by this club. From there being no other ofllcers than those mentioned, it would appear as though this club had nothing to do with Engine No. 1. At the annual meeting in 1850 the town appropriated $1,250 to purchase a fire-engine and other apparatus, and Nahum Perkins, SpaiTow Chase, and Sandford A. Perkins were chosen a committee to make the purchase. The engine bought at this time was the " Androscoggin, No. 2." It is one of the Hunneman make, and is the onlj' one ever bought by the town. It ranks No. 2 in size. It is one of the best engines of its class ever made, and the citizens of Topsham justly feel some pride in the good work it has done. The company having control of this engine was formed in 1850. The first meeting was held over the store of George S. Holt on April 5. The first meeting for the election of officers was held April 15, at which time Sandford A. Perkins was chosen first foreman; Varius Stearns, second foreman ; John E. Hebbard, third foreman ; David Farrar, treasurer ; A. G. Poland, clerk ; and James Maxwell, R. P. Whitney, and Eben Colby were chosen as a standing committee. At this meeting it was voted to have a uniform, consisting of a blue frock with red collar, red webbing belts, a glazed cap, and dark pants. 276 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. The constitution and by-laws of the company were adopted at the annual meeting on the first Monday in Maj'. The company at this time numbered seventy-one. June 28, 1850, the company voted to purchase an ensign. December 2, of this same j'ear, a flag-staff was raised in front of the engine-house. July 25, 1851, the company voted to attend the firemen's jubilee to be held in Hallowell on August 6 . At this celebration the company took the prize — a sil- ver trumpet — as being the best engine of its class present. It also has taken several prizes since that time, at different celebrations of firemen. On March 3, 1852, the company was reorganized by the choice of the. following officers : F. T. Littlefleld, first director ; E. E. Max- well, second director; D. A. Hall, third director; C. Gr. Jaqnes, sec- retary ; D. A. Hall, steward. The number of members was fiftj^-five. The new organization appears to have been for some reason unsat- isfactory, as in August, 1853, the company was again reorganized. In 1857, at a special town meeting held December 28, it was voted, ' ' To authorize the selectmen to pay each man (not to exceed sixty in number) who shall faithfully perform his dutj', twelve and a half cents per hour for his services while at fires, so long as there may be a well- organized fire company in Topsham village." The selectmen were also authorized to offer a reward of fifty dollars for the detection of incendiaries. In 1860 the town forbade the company to take the engine out of town, except for fires and upon July the Fourth. In 1869 the town voted to buy two hundred feet of hose, and to pay the members of the engine companj- twenty-five cents per hour when in active service. There was never a fire-engine or a fire company in Harpswell. Fire-wardens are chosen by the town annually, and the citizens gen- erally are provided with buckets, etc., to protect their own property. The population of Harpswell is so scattered that an engine would be of no service to a large majority of the people. COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYEltS. 277 CHAPTER VII. COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. The earliest court ever held in this vicinity was the one held, in 1654, at the house of Thomas Ashley, which has already been men- tioned. The meeting held at his house was for the purpose of organ- ization merely, and there is no evidence that Thomas Purchase, who was appointed at that time an assistant to the commissioner, ever tried any cases. The laws and regulations adopted at this meeting, however, are suiBciently interesting to warrant their insertion here in a condensed form. They were as follows : — 1. All capital crimes, such as treason, murder, witchcraft, arson, rape, and adultery, were to be tried hj the General Court at New Plymouth. 2. All other crimes were within the jurisdiction of the commissioner or the assistant. Theft was punishable by the restitution by the offender of three or four times the value stolen. Drunkards were fined five shillings on conviction for the first offence, ten shillings for the second, and for the third were put in the stocks. The punish- ment for Sabbath-breaking was left at the discretion of the assistant. For selling liquor to the Indians, the punishment for the first offence was the forfeiture of double, and for the second offence, of four times the value sold, or if the transgressor was a stranger, a fine of either £10 or £20. 3. All fishing and fowling were expressly continued free to eveiy inhabitant. All actions between party and party were to be tried before a jury of twelve men ; but no civil cause above £20 ster- ling was triable in the local courts without the consent of both parties. From this time until the province of Lygonia came under the juris- diction of Masssachusetts, there Is reason to suppose that all minor offences were tried — if tried at all — by Thomas Purchase, a magis- trate under the authority of the New Plymouth Colony (1652). In 1660 all legal cases in this vicinity were tried at York. No cases of trial of persons from this vicinity, prior to 1722, have 278 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. been discovered. This j'ear the ease of John Giles, of Brunswick, gentleman, vs. John Goddard, of Eoxbury, gentleman and cord- wainer, is recorded. The plaintiff let the defendant a horse, with bridle and saddle, at the beginning of June, 1722, and by order of the plaintiff, one Robert Dunning, soon after, in the same month, deliv- ered the said horse, at Falmouth, to the defendant, which the de- fendant promised to deliver to the plaintiff at Roxbury, or to his order, with bridle and saddle, of value of £12 ; yet the defendant, though often requested, never delivered to the said plaintiff, horse, bridle, or saddle. The jury brought in a verdict for plaintiff of £8 damage, and cost of court, against the said John Goddard.' The next case met with occurred in 1726, when Captain William Woodside was tried by a committee appointed by Governor Dummer for cheating the Indians in trade, and otherwise defrauding them. Some of the charges were proved against him, and he was required to make ample remuneration, acknowledge his fkult, and give assurance that he would defraud them no more.^ Mr. John Minot was appointed a magistrate and chief justice of the Court of Common Sessions under George II about the year 1730 or 1732. An old account-book of his has been preserved, which contains on its blank leaves an account of some cases tried by him in 1732, which are here presented to the reader : — " Y ss. To THE Shkurif of y" County of York his under Shbkrif /\ or Deputy Greeting. " Whereas Complaint upon Oath hath bin made before me by Sam' Boone of Northyarmouth in ye County of York that some time past he had Stole and Carried away from Merryconeag neck a black Cow with a white face and also Stole and carried away from Chebeag Island three Calves one being a Bull Calf the other a Stear and the other a heffer Calfe, which were mark'd with a Cross in the left ear and a slit in it and a flower Dlue in y" right ear — These are there- fore in his Maj'" name to require j-ou to make Diligent Search after said Cattle if thej' maj' be found in your precinct and them safely to keep in j'our Custody maiking a returne of these j'our proceedings to me or some other of his Maj'" .Justice of y" peace in said County that the Affair may be Examined into, and the partj-es with whom said Cattle may be found maj- be dealt with according to law — j'ou are also hereby required to Summons Moses Gatchell, Hannah Smith, 1 York County Records, C. C. P., Vol. 7, p. 88. 2 McKeen, MSS. Lecture. COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. 279 W" Woodside Jas. Malcum and Eliz* Malcum to give Evidence relating to this Affair hereof you are not to fail given under my hand and Seal the 16th daj' of Aug" 1732. " [Coppy.J " Jn° Minot. "THE RETDESrE. " Brunswick, Aug»' 20* 1732. " Having made search after the within mentioned Cattle this may eertifye that I have found and taiken up three young Cattle uppon Suspision whicii were in the hands of Cap' Will" Woodside which I liave taken into Custody. " Ebenezee Stanwood, D. Sherriff. "THE jnD&MENT "Y ss " Brunswick, Aug 21»' 1732 " Sam"- Boon Phmt. and Will" Woodside Defend. ' ' Having issued out a warrant to search for severall Cattle that Sam' Boone uppon Oath Swore he lost at Chebeag Isl. & Merryconeage neck and having Summons'd Sundry witnesses as by said warrant will appear, I have Examined said witnesses uppon Oath (they all having veiw'd the Cattle) whether they knew them Cattle to be Mr. Boons which they all deny to have any knowledge of saving M™ Malcum who sa}-s she remembers something of one of them but not perfecktly so as to give her Oath to it. I find therefore Cost for said Boon to pay and have ordered the Cattle to be Delivered to the said Wil"" Woodside again. " [Coppy] " Jno. Minot J. P." Notice of complaint of James Smith against Anthony Vincent for calling his wife Hannah Smith improper names. " The Complaint of Hannah Smith against Will" Mackness in behalfe of our Soveraign Lord the King that shee goes in Dainger of her Life." "The Complaint of Will" Mackness against James Smith and his wife Hannah that he lives in dainger of his Cattle and Substance that thej- will be destroyed by them they using threatening words to kill their piggs &c. and that thej' will burn his house. " [Signed] " John Minott." No other records of Judge Minot's cases have been met with. At the October term of the Court of General Sessions in 1 743 the selectmen of the town of Brunswick made a complaint against Isaac 280 mSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. Snow, "in manner following, viz., that Isaac Snow of Brunswick aforesaid, husbandman, the thirtieth day of August, 1743, at a legal town meeting held at Brunswick aforesaid, was chosen one of the constables for said town for the year 1743, who was legally notified thereof, but refused either to take the oath of a constable or to pay the fine for not serving as a constable." After a full hearing by the court the case was decided in favor of the defendant, and the com- plainants were charged with the costs. At the April term of the same court, in 1744, committees were appointed by the court " to inform against and prosecute the violators of an act made in the seventeenth year of his Majesty's reign, entitled ' an act to prevent the great injurj' and injustice arising to the inhab- itants of this province by the frequent and very large emissions of bills of public credit in the neighboring governments.' . . . And Messrs. William Woodside, Peter Cooms, David Dunning, Samuel Hinkley and James Thompson, Inhabitants of the Town of Brunswick in said County, were appointed by said Court to the office aforesaid." At the April term of the Court of General Sessions for Cumberland Countj', in 1765, William Hast}-, of HariDswell, was fined ten shillings " for sailing his coasting schooner in Quohog Bay to the open sea, the space of three miles, on the Lord's day." At the same term of court, William Blake, of Harpswell, was fined ten shillings, and costs, £1 5s. 4d., for neglecting to attend public worship for the space of two months. About this time, probably the next year, John Orr, of Mair Point, accused Captain William Woodside of cheating the Indians " bj' sell- ing them brass rings for gold rings," and the case was informally tried by the judges of the Court of Sessions in a dining-room at Falmouth. Woodside was acquitted, made friends with Orr, and having just obtained his commission as a justice of the peace for Cumberland County, he " stood treat " for the court. In those old times physical punishment was often made use of towards off'enders. The whipping-post and the stocks were found in every settlement and generally in close proximity to the meeting-house. These implements of the law were, doubtless, at the time they were in vogue, of great service in restraining the evil-intentioned from com- mitting many misdemeanors and minor crimes, and although the ob- jections to their use are many and serious, j-et one is tempted to believe that their occasional use might be fraught with good even in these days. The punishments by means of these implements were inflicted by the constables, in accordance with the sentence of the selectmen. COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS 281 when there was no justice of the peace, or other magistrate, to give sentence. Petty crimes, in which the damage did not exceed forty shillings, came under their cognizance. No account has been pre- served of any stocks or whipping-post in Topsham. The only refer- ence in regard to Harpswell is the indictment of that town, in the April term of the Court of Sessions for 1769, " for not being supphed with stocks against the Peace of the Lord, the King and the law of the Province." The selectmen appeared, and after a full hearing, the attorney for the king decided he would not further prosecute. Possi- bly the selectmen promised to provide these necessary instruments of correction thereafter. Frequent allusion is, however, made to the stocks in the Brunswick records. In the latter town they are said to have stood a short dis- tance back of the old west meeting-house. The whipping-post was about a foot square, sharpened at the top like a picket, and the sharpened part was painted red. At the time stocks and whipping-posts were used, many towns had also a ducking-stool, and 'at one time all towns in Massachusetts were, by law, required to have one. No account, however, has been found of any in this vicinity. This implement of punishment consisted of an upright post, with a cross-piece, from which was suspended a seat. The arm could be swung out over the water, and the occupant of the seat could thus be easilj' ducked. It was used more especially for the punishment of scolding wives. The following description of the stocks actually used in Brunswick is from the pen of a former minister of Harpswell : " They consisted of two upright posts of oak, set in foot-pieces of the same material, and strongly braced. Between them was secured a thick plank, set on one edge, rising up a short dis- tance from the ground. The posts above this were grooved, and in these another plank was inserted, which could be raised or lowered. In the lower edge of this were arched holes, just large enough to fit a per- son's legs above the ankle. In the top edge of this plank were hollows to receive the wrists, while another came down upon it to secure them. The criminal was made to sit on the ground and place his legs in the hollows of the lower plank, when the upper one was let down by the constable, and locked with a key, as a door. Sometimes this was the only punishment ; at other times both hands and feet were put in, 282 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, ANB HARPSWELL. when the offlber, putting the key in his pocket, left the prisoner exposed to sun, wind, and rain." * The only person in this place known to have been punished by being put in the stocks was one Jenny Eaton. When Deacon Stan wood's house was torn down, Mr. James Dunning found an old document pur- porting to be a decision upon the trial of this individual. She had permitted the embrace of a man named Rogers, on the promise of some sugar, tea, and coffee. The man failed to keep his word, she averred, and she therefore entered a complaint against him, and the case was tried before Esquire Woodside. The plaintiff could not prove the charge, and the magistrate gave the following verdict: "That Jenny Eaton be stretched upon the public stocks and rotten eggs thrown at her by the passing spectators for abfaming the character of an innocent man."^ Some time, probably between 1752 and 1770, one Ann Conner committed suicide by hanging herself from a pine-tree. The magis- trates ordered (old Roman law) that she be buried where four roads met, and a stake be driven through her body. It was done on the Harpswell road a little way south of the college. It is said that, although it was in force at that time, this was probably the only instance when the law was put into execution in this country. ^ Cumberland County was set off from York County in 1760, and, as a matter of course, a new county court was soon established. The first grand jurors drawn for this countj' from Brunswick were Isaac Snow and John Orr ; from Harpswell, Thomas McGregor and John Hall. At the June term of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace, held at Pownalborough in 1777, Mr. John Merrill, of Topsham, took his place on the bench as one of the justices. He officiated in that capacity as late as 1783, but no records of any cases tried before him have come to hand. In 1783 James Hunter, Esquire, George White, John Reed, Wil- liam Malcom, all of Topsham, and John Lemont, Esquire, Samuel Lemont, Esquire, WiUiam Swanton, George Andrews, and Stephen Sampson, the two latter blacksmiths, all of Bath, were bound over to the court to answer to the charge of breaking open the jail at Pow- nalborough, and for rescuing two prisoners who were lawfully com- mitted. They were tried, and each sentenced to pay a fine of six shillings and costs. 1 The Sophomores of Radcliffe. Kellogg. ^ Pejepscot Papers. 8 Pejepscot Papers. McKeen, MSS. Lecture. COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. 283 At the May term of the court for Cumberland County, the next year, Isaac Rolf, of Brunswick, was sentenced to pay a fine of £7 10s., and to receive five stripes on his naked back, for stealing five sheep. If he returned any of the sheep, " the owner was to restore him back one fold, the fine being treble value of the property stolen." In 1796 a Commissioner's Court was held in an old red school- house, which stood near the lower end of the Mall, in Brunswick. It was held to consider the respective claims of the Plymouth and Pejep- seot proprietors. Governor SulUvan and other distinguished persons were present. This building was afterwards moved away and placed on the bank of the cove, near the building where General A. B. Thompson afterwards had an office, and which is now a factory boarding-house . In 1800 terms of the Court of Common Pleas for Lincoln County were appointed to be holden in Topsham, and on the ninth of Septem- ber of that year the court opened there for the first time.i It is said that this first court was held in an unfinished house belonging to a Mr. Sprague, the Court House not being finished until some time the next year. Mr. James Wilson, father of the James Wilson now liv- ing, gave the land for it, for a term of years. Few cases of impor- tance, affecting the citizens of the three towns, were ever tried in it, but such as have been found will be given in the proper order. December 24, 1822, a military court was held at Brunswick for the trial of Lieutenant-Colonel David Stanwood. It will be referred to hereafter, in another connection. At the May term of the court, held in Portland in 1823, one Pat- rick Cole, of Brunswick, was convicted of manslaughter, and was sen- tenced to undergo six months of sohtary imprisonment and four years at hard labor. In 1824 the selectmen of Brunswick were authorized by the town to erect forthwith a House of Correction on the town lot in the village, and one hundred and fifty doHars was appropriated. This building, which to judge from its cost could have been nothing more than a lock- up, stood where the poorhouse used to be, back of the present residence of Mr. Robert Bowker. At the August term of the Court of Common Pleas, at Topsham, in 1825, Honorable John Dole, a justice of the Court of Sessions for Lin- coln County, was tried on a charge of slander against Samuel H. Clark, of Jefferson, the former having charged the latter with having com- ^ Jonathan Ellis's Diary. 2S4 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. mitted adultery and other such crimes. Verdict for plaintiff. Dam- ages, $1,058. In 1826 five persons were brought before Charles R. Porter, a jus- tice of the peace, of Topsham, on suspicion of having set fire to the barn of a Mr. Millet, of Bowdoin. Four of them were discharged, but the fifth, Reuben Jones, was bound over for trial before the Su- preme Judicial Court, to be held at Wiscasset. This year a case was tried in the Court of Common Pleas, of Cum- berland County, of considerable interest. It was the First Parish of Brunswick vs. Joseph McKeen, on a plea of trespass. The First Par- ish had erected a fence from the meeting-house to the corner of what is now Cleaveland Street, claiming the land enclosed as belonging to the parish. Mr. McKeen caused the fence to be torn down, and the parish thereupon prosecuted him for trespass. His defence was that the Harpswell road was laid out in the rear of the church, and had always been used as such until fenced by the parish. On the other side, the parish claimed that the Harpswell road came out south of the church. The case was carried to the Supreme Judicial Court, and was there decided in favor of the defendant. Packard and Longfellow were the counsel for the plaintiffs, and Orr and Greenleaf for the defendants. In 1827 a case was tried at Topsham which excited considerable local attention at the time, on account of the character and standing of the parties, and the questions involved. The case was that of General Samuel Veazie vs. Henry Jewell, both of Topsham. It was an action for damages on account of assault and battery, brought, in reaUty, to test the ownership of property. The facts in the case seem to be as follows : Messrs. Henry Jewell, Stephen Jewell, Gardner Green, Samuel Perkins, and Nahmn Perkins owned the " Great MiUs " and the ground under the same. Four undi- vided fourteenth parts of the land (a bed of rocks) was within twenty- four feet of this mill, on the south side below the dam, which was owned by Gardner Green, Ezekiel Thompson, James Thompson, and Mary Thompson, the three last being heirs of Brigadier Thompson. General Veazie, without permission from Green or the Thompsons, and against their wish, attempted to lay the foundation of a saw-miU, and collected several sticks of timber and placed them under the floor of a mill-shed on the premises claimed by Green and others. Thereupon Jewell, by direction of Green and the Thompsons, in order to compel him to desist and to leave the premises, threw slabs, and afterwards emptied buckets of water upon Veazie and his workmen. Veazie defended himself with an axe-haft and a pitchfork, and for a while a serious COURTS AA'D TRIALS, GRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. 285 quarrel was threatened. Veazie at length desisted from his attempt, and this suit was ultimately brought to test the respective rights of the two parties to the bed of rocks. Veazie had purchased the right to it from some of the heirs of Brigadier Thompson, but not from those mentioned. The case was decided against Veazie. This deci- sion, though undoubtedly a just one, in all probability was a cause of depriving the towns of Brunswick and Topsham of the services of one who afterwards did so much for the manufacturing interests of Bangor and the neighboring towns upon the Penobscot. The above-mentioned affray occurred February 5, 1827. In November, 1829, one Patrick Kincaid, of Brunswick, was fined by the Supreme Judicial Court $1,100 and costs, for breach of prom- ise to a young lady whom he had engaged to wed, — a warning, it doubtless proved, to all bachelors, hereabouts, of inconstant minds. In 1843 occurred the trial, at Portland, of Thomas Thorn and Mrs. Lois Wilson, for the murder of Mr. Elisha Wilson, of Harpswell. The facts of this case were as follows : — In 1840, Thomas Thorn came to Great Island, Harpswell, from New York, to visit his sister, the Widow Dj^er. He remained in Harpswell during the summer, and while there he made the acquaint- ance of a young lady named Lois Alexander, with whom he became quite intimate. He, however, left town and did not return until early in the winter of 1842-43. In the mean time. Miss Alexander had married EKsha Wilson, and Mrs. Dyer had married Elisha's brother Benjamin. On his return. Thorn went to Ehsha Wilson's, where he remained. On the morning of the fifth of February, 1843, between the hours of three and four, Mr. Samuel Toothaker was aroused by Thorn, who told him that Elisha had fallen out of his bed in the night, in a fit, and was dead. Toothaker immediately repaired to the house, and found Wilson dead, and to all appearances as if he had been so for some hours. Some bedclothes, which had been washed and car- ried up stairs wet, at once aroused suspicion of foul play. An inquest was held, and Thorn and Mrs. Wilson were apprehended, and bound over to the April term of the Supreme Court, at Portland, at which time they were indicted for the murder by the grand jury, and were tried. Mrs. Wilson was acquitted, but Thorn was convicted and sen- tenced to be hung. His sentence was afterwards commuted to imprisonment for life. He was taken to the State prison, where he remained for over thirty years. A few years ago, on account of his good behavior while in prison and his faihng health, he was pardoned, and returned to New York, where he was recently living. The fol- 286 HISTOKT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HASPSWELL. lowing letter, wMcli had been passed to Thorn wrapped up in a piece of tobacco, was produced at the trial : — " poor lois i pity you and mj hart akes for you and j'ou must mind when you Come to Cort and clear me if j-ou dont tha will hang me and j'ou must mind how you talk i will wright to you once in fore days i whant to see j'ou once more and then if you dont clear me i shall be willing to dy fore j'ou i want you to write back.'' This letter, with the piece of tobacco, are, it is said, on file in the clerk of court's office in Portland. In 1847, Topsham ceased to be a half-shire town, and Mr. Jonah Morrow was appointed by the court a committee to sell the Topsham Court House. He did so, and reported the amount received for the building to be nine hundred and ten dollars ; and for the furniture, eleven dollars and forty-seven cents. The bell was reserved to be afterwards disposed of as might be directed by the county commis- sioners. The state of morals among the young in Brunswick must have been rather low about this time, as the town in 1849 passed the following resolution : — " Whereas it is currently reported that boys, and other persons are in the habit of visiting the mills and other places near the water on the Sabbath, for the purpose of gambling, voted, that the selectmen employ a suitable person to see that the Sabbath and the laws of the State are. not violated ; also, to stop the playing at ball or flying of kites in the streets." IiL 1859 the legislature passed an Act, approved August 28, entitled " An Act to establish a Municipal Court in the town of Brunswick, in the county of Cumberland." At a meeting of the town subsequent to the passage of this Act, it was voted to accept its provisions and to establish such a court. In April, 1855, Charles Crips, of Topsham, was indicted before the grand jury at Bath for the murder of his wife in the fall of the previous year. He caused her death by beating her vrith a club. He was tried before the Supreme Judicial Court at Bath, in the September follow- ing, and was convicted of manslaughter, and was sentenced to the State prison for hfe. He was pardoned bj- the governor before the expiration of his sentence. This j'ear there were numerous burglaries committed in Topsham, but the perpetrators of them were not discovered. On Monday night, November 9, of this year, Eliphalet Berry, of Topsham, was murdered near Perkins's lumber-shed on " the island." COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS 287 He and several others had been to Brunswick and were returning home, intoxicated, with a jug of rum. A difflcultj' arose between Berrj' and David Y. Dudlej- in regard to the possession of the jug. They both disappeared for a few minutes, and Dudley returned alone. Berry was soon found a short distance ofl" in a djdng condition, having been stabbed to the heart. Dudley was tried before the Supreme Judicial Court at Bath in 1858, and on September 4, the jury in the case brought in a verdict of manslaughter, and he was sentenced to five years of hard labor in the State prison. He was pardoned for good behavior before the expiration of his term of service. In 1875, John Miller, of Birch Island, opposite Mair Point, was con- victed of manslaughter and sentenced to the State prison for life. Miller was abusing his wife. His son interfered and his father shot him. Miller is a descendant of Eeverend John Miller, a former minister of the First Parish in Brunswick. It wiU be seen from the foregoing accounts that Topsham suflFers from rather an unenviable reputation, for so small a town, on account of the number of persons it has had of marked homicidal procUvities. Besides those already mentioned, two other persons from tliis town, a Mr. Clough and Henry Richards, have suffered the penalty of the law for murders committed by them elsewhere. Notwithstanding this unpleasant fact, it is believed that the integrity of its business men and the general character of its citizens for morality, justness, and tem- perance will compare favorably with that of other similar communities of even a larger population. Of late years but few trials, except of minor importance," of any of the citizens of either of the three towns, have been had, and but few crimes of importance have occurred here. MEMBERS OF THE BAR. The earliest lawyer in Brunswick is said to have been a man by the name of Hobbs, who is described as a shrewd, smart man, but not very well educated. Next to him came Peter O. Alden, who was admitted to the Cumberland bar in 1797. He was the only lawyer in town for the remainder of that century and for several years in the present one. He continued to practise his profession until his death in 1843, but his business was very small for many years previous to his death. 1 After Alden came Henky Pdtnam, who practised law in Brunswick 1 See Biography. 288 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. from 1806 to 1823, or thereabouts. His practice was not extensive. From 1807, Isaac Gates, for a few years only, practised law in this town. David Stanwood, of the class of 1808, Bowdoin College, studied law for one year with Peter O. Alden, then with Benjamin Hasey for one year, and afterwards one year with Samuel Thatcher. He was admitted to the bar in 1811, and removed from Brunswick in 1833. Ebenezeb Everett commenced the practice of his profession in Brunswicli in 1817, from which time to 1828 he was also cashier of the Union Bank. He afterwards devoted his whole time to his pro- fession until 1858, when the infirmities of age compelled him to retire from its active duties. He had a large practice and was deemed a verjr excellent counsellor.' RoBEET P. DuNLApi was in practice from 1818 until about 1830, when he entered into politics and gave up his law business. Benjamin OrrI moved to Brunswick from Topsham about 1822, and continued in practice until his death, in 1828. He was one of the most eminent lawyers in the State. Charles Packard i had a remunerative practice in town between the years 1825 and 1834, at which latter date he entered upon a course of studj' for the ministry. Phineas Barnes practised law in town between 1839 and 1841. He was likewise a cashier of one of the banks at the time. Leonard P. Merrill i was in the practice of the law, for a few j^ears, about 1845. "William G. Barrows, now judge of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, practised law in Brunswick from 1842 to 1863. Henry Orr commenced the practice of his profession in town in 1850, and has pursued it up to the present time. In 1853 he was appointed by Governor Crosby a judge of the Municipal Court. J. D. Simmons also practised here from 1850 to 1870. From 1859 until 1861, George Barron and Edward Thompson, the latter of the class of 1856, Bowdoin College, followed the practice of law in partnership. Mr. Thompson entered the army in 1861, and since then Mr. Barron has practised alone. Since 1871, Mr. Weston Thompson has been a practising lawyer in town. The first lawyer to settle in the town of Topsham was Benjamin Hasey, 1 Esquire. He commenced practice in June, 1794, and con- tinued it for many years, but abandoned its active duties for some ' See Biography, COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. 289 time before his death. His office was at first in a small building which stood just south of the Banlc building. It was afterwards removed to the northeast corner of Summer and Main Streets, where he continued to occupy it for many years. Still later his office was over the bank. In 1801, Benjamin Oee commenced practice here. His office was over T. G. & N. Sandford's store, in the building where Mountford's shop is now. He removed to Brunswick about 1822, and was suc- ceeded by his brother, Robert Orr, who practised there until his death, in 1829. During the latter year Moses E. "Woodman opened an office in the building formerly occupied by Nathaniel Green as a post-office and Registrj' of Deeds. He remained for a few years only. In 1843, John W. Davis was practising law in Topsham. When he first came, or how long he remained, has not been ascertained. The town of Harpswell can boast of never having a professional lawyer settled within its limits. There were, of course, trial justices, but never a-nj lawyers. The first justice of the peace in this town, that is now remembered, was Benjamin Dunning. 2['0 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND UARPSWELL. CHAPTER VIII. TA VEENS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. TAVERNS IN BRUNSWICK. Without doubt, the first public bouse in this vicinity was established in the j-ear 1740. On the twenty-ninth of October of that year, at a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, application having been pre- viously made for encouragement on the part of the proprietors to some suitable person to erect 9, house for the entertainment of travel- lers on Brunswick Plain, at the place where the North Yarmouth and several other roads met, it was voted, "That a tract of Land be granted to such person as shall be approved of by the Committee of the proprietors, he giving security for the faithfull and seasonable performance thereof." ' This ofier .was undoubtedly accepted by some one, and there is reason to believe it was by Robert Spear, who kept a tavern a little west of the old meeting-house, between the years 1744 and 1760, perhaps later. This inn was also a garrison house, protected by a timber fortification, and soldiers were kept in it by the government, for the safety of travellers, as well as for the protection of the citi- zens. It was used as a public house after the Spanish or Fifth Indian War had terminated, in 1748. Town meetings were frequently held in this inn in cold weather, and here, on Sunday, the people were wont to congregate for lunch and grog.^ The next inn, in point of time, was the one kept, about 1750, by James Thompson.^ This was on the farm at New Meadows, where Bartlett Adams now lives. It was afterwards, it is said,* kept by his son. Brigadier Thompson, until he removed to Topsham, about 1784. It was certainly kept either by the Brigadier or some one of that family as late as 1780. ^ About 1762, Samuel Coombs was licensed as an innholder.s 1 Pejepscot Recordn. ^ McKeen, MSS. Lecture, and elsewhere. 8 McKeen, MSS- Lecture. He was licensed in 1761 by the Court of General Sessions for Lincoln County. * Peter Jordan. ^ Low' s Almanac, nsO. '^ Court Records, Portland. TAVSHNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWUPAVEBS, ETC. 291 In 1764 1 a man by the name of Ross kept a tavern, which tradition places near the site of the present dwelling of Mr. Rufus Jordan, on the Maquoit road, a short distance north of the Morse road. This inn was certainly kept as late as 1 777.2 As early as 1767, Benjamin Stone kept a tavern in or near the fort, as is plainly shown by the following extract from the field-book of the company who made the suiTey of Bakerstown, now Minot, November, 1767. A part of the company, wishing to visit Brunswick, hired a boat, and on Wednesday, November 25, 1767, about " ten of the clock, started, and after rowing about three hours over a calm bay, covered with abundance of wild fowl (we) arrived at the head of Maquoit Bay at the house of Squire Woodside. . . . From Maquoit, we travelled three and a half miles to Brunswick Fort, which is founded on a rock, and built in an exact and regular manner, of stone and lime, in a four-square form, with two bastions on two of the cor- ners, defended by two wooden towers or watch-boxes. This day fair weather. Here we lodged this night, and a prettj' good house of entertainment is kept by Benjamin Stone." From the foregoing, it would appear that Mr. Stone was at this time keeping a public house inside the fort, where tradition sa3-s there was a comfortable, two-stor}' house, but it is possible, though not probable, that this tavern was outside, but near the fort, and that the allusion in the foregoing extract to " Brunswick Fort" referred to the settlement around it as much as to the fortification itself. Stone is known to have kept tavern near the Brunswick Falls as late as 1799.^ About 1776, later rather than earlier, a Mr. Curtis is said to have kept a tavern where Thomas Grouse now lives, near where the rail- road crosses the New Meadows River.^ This house was kept as an inn as late as 1791. The house owned and occupied by the late Doctor John D. Lincoln, which was built in 1772, was kept by Captain John Dunlap as a pub- lic house a portion of the time between then and 1800.5 In 1796 or 1797, Talleyrand, the distinguished French priest and political character, visited this country. He landed at Castine, and on his way to Boston he passed through Brunswick, and spent the greater part of the day at this house. ^ Where the post-offlce and engine-house now stand on Maine Street, 1 Nathaniel Ames's Almanac, 1764. ^ Farmers' Almanac, 1777. a Nathaniel Low's Almavac, 1799. * Peter Jordan. Low's Almanac, 1791. ^ McKeen, in, Brunswick Telegraph. ^Ibid. 2P2 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. there was fonnerly a building wMch was for many years a tavern, and was known, a part of the time, as Washington Hall. It was built by David Dunning about 1772, and was occupied by him for some years as a private residence. It was afterwards occupied by his son John, who kept a tavern there until 1807, when David Owen bought it and put on a large addition in front, using the old building as an L. Here Owen kept a tavern until about 1812, when Isaac O. Robertson took it and occupied it as an inn until 1815. The latter was succeeded by Russell Stoddard, who remained about two years. Ebenezer Nichols, who had been keeping tavern directly opposite, then took it, and Stoddard moved to a building where the Tontine now stands. Nichols continued as landlord until his death, in 1824, and his widow carried ou the business until 1827, when she moved back across the street to the building her husband had previously occupied. While she kept this inn it was called " Mrs. Nichols's Inn." William Hodgkins moved from the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets into this Washington Hall building when Mrs. Nichols left it. Here he re- mained for a few years. After it was vacated by him it was occupied as a tenement house and for business purposes, till it was burned, in 1856.1 In 1799 2 a Mr. Chase kept a tavern which tradition places on the Captain William Woodside place, at Bunganock Landing. The old tavern which stood in the northwest corner of the college yard, best known as Moorhead's Tavern, was built in 1802 by Eben- ezer Nichols, but was not finished or occupied until early in 1803. Nichols was landlord of it until 1809. During this time it was the principal public and stage house in the town. Mr. Nichols was suc- ceeded, in 1810, by Colonel T. S. Estabrook, who continued in it for some years. After Estabrook left it, a man by the name of Coffin took it, and kept it until 1818, when he sold out to Isaac Dow. The latter kept it until 1820, when he -committed suicide. In September of this year it was offered for sale. It was occupied at that time by WiUiam Hodgkins. The advertisement stated that it had " six rooms on the lower floor, some large and well furnished ; a spacious and con- venient haU, a good cellar and never-failing well. The appurtenances are a large, well-finished stable, with other out-buildings ; a good garden of more than an aore." ^ Whether the house was sold at this time is not known, but in 1825 Alexander Moorhead was the proprietor. About the year 1831, 1 Dean Swift, Samuel Dunning, and other old reetdents. 2 Low's Almanac, 1799i « Maine Intelligencer, 1820. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 293 Moorliead retired from business, removed from town, and engaged in farming. He was succeeded by John L. Seavey, who kept the house for two or three years. The latter was succeeded by James Elhot, who was proprietor until 1839, at which time Mr. Moorhead returned to Brunswick and again assumed the management of this public house. Moorhead continued to keep it until 1842, when the building was pur- chased hy the trustees of Bowdoin College. It was taken down in 1847 and rebuilt on Noble Street, and is now the residence of Mr. Joj-ee.i A short distance west of Cook's Corner there stood for many years what was known as the Pumpkin Tavern, so called on account of its sign, which was a large ball about the size of a pumpkin, which it greatly resembled. It was a two-story house built by one Wads- worth pre-vious to the war of 1812-14. Here he kept a public house until about 1836 or 1837. It was seldom patronized by travellers, and was in fact more a groggery than a tavern. In the early part of this century "pumpkin taverns " were quite common, there being one in nearly every town, and they were all of about the same character, — the resort of the intemperate and depraved. Soon after the war of 1812-14, Ebenezer Nichols, who had formerly kept the tavern on the hill, bought a one-story house, situated between what is now the residence of Doctor N. T. Palmer and that of the late L. T. Jackson, put a second story upon it, and fitted it up for a public house. Here he kept tavern for a few years, and then moved into the Washington Hall building. About the year 1817, Russell Stoddard opened a public house, called Stoddahd's Inn, in a large building which stood on the site of the present Tontine Hotel. It was built in 1803 for a store, and was occupied as such until Mr. Stoddard took it for a tavern. It was occupied by him until 1825, when it passed into the hands of John Barker and Charles M. Eogers. Barker soon sold out his interest, and Eogers assumed the sole management. The building was de- stroyed by fire in 1827. This house during its existence was the stage office and principal pubhc house in Brunswick. It had a hall in which entertainments of various kinds were occasionally held. Stod- dard had kept in the Washington Hall building for a year or two previous to opening this house. 1 McKeen, in Brunswick Telegraph ; also Dean Swift, Samuel Dunning, Mrs. Lamb, ■ and other old citizens. 294 HISTORY OB' BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The dwelling-house on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets, now owned and occupied by Captain Alfred H. Merryman, was built by the Honorable Jacob Abbott for his residence, in 1807. At his death, in 1820, it passed into the hands of his son Jacob, who occu- pied it until 1823, when he removed to a house opposite the colleges, and this house passed into the hands of William Hodgkins, who fitted it up for a tavern, and occupied it as such from January, 1824, until some time in 1827. The house was known as Hodgkins's Inn, and a hall which was situated in the L of the building was known as Hodgkins's Hall. In 1827, Hodgkins sold out to Charles M. Eogers, and moved into the Washington Hall building, which had just been vacated by Mrs. Nichols. Mr. Rogers had been burned out on the opposite side of the street, where he had been proprietor of the Stoddard House. He remained in his new quarters for about a year, when he moved to Topsham and opened the Lincoln House in November, 1828. He was succeeded in the charge of Hodgkins's Inn by John L. Seavey, who occupied it as the Maine Hotel until 1830. At this time it was repaired and refitted, and Major John Stinchfleld took it and kept it until 1837, at which time he bought the house now occupied by Captain Isaac L. Skolfleld, and fitted it up for a public house. Mr. James Mustard then became pro- prietor of the Maine Hotel. In 1840, Mr. Mustard died. The house was then kept for two years by Erastus Niles, and then for a single year by Joseph W. Sargent, when Mr. Niles again assumed the man- agement and kept it until 1845. James Mustard, son of the former landlord, took it in 1845 and con- tinued until 1849, when A^ron Adams became the proprietor. While under the management of the latter, the house was known as the Pejepscot House. In 1853 a Mr. Marston became proprietor, but he died within a year, and the house passed into the hands of J. R. W. Hoitt, and was known as the American House. In 1856 it was kept as a boarding-house, called the Brunswick House, by Benjamin Libby. In 1860, John R. Daly occupied it as a boarding-house. He was suc- ceeded, in 1861 by Timothy Bradley, and in 1862 hy E. F. Anderson, who kept a public house for a short time. In 1863, Captain Merryman purchased the house and fitted it up for his residence. The house and grounds were greatly improved and are now an ornament to the village. The Tontine Hotel was built in the year 1828 by a corporation known as " The Brunswick Tontine Hotel Company." The incor- porators were Roger Merrill, David Dunlap, Benjamin Weld, Richard TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 295 T. Dunlap, and John Owen, 2d. The Act of Incorporation limited the capital stock to " not less than $6,000 nor more than $15,000, in shares of one hundred dollars each. Among the original stockholders were Ebenezer Everett, Esquire, Doctor Isaac Lincoln, General A. B. Thompson, Colonel A. J. Stone, General J. C. Humphreys, L. T. Jackson, Caleb Gushing, R. P. Dunlap, David Shaw, George Skolfleld, The Tontike Hotel. James Otis, and others. The hotel was built during the summer and fall of 1828, by Anthony C. Raymond, and was opened to the public on New Year's day, 1829. The establishment cost nearly $7,000. On the evening of .lanuary 2, the landlord, Colonel Elijah P. Pike, gave a supper to about fifty citizens of Brunswick and Topsham. The Androscoggin Free Press of January 14, 1829, in a paragraph describing the building, says : — "It contains thirty apartments besides closets, store-rooms, etc., and a hall which, for elegance and spaciousness, is not surjaassed in the State." ! Colonel Pike continued landlord of the hotel until 1836, when Erastus Richards leased it for two or three years. He was succeeded, in 1839, by Holland and Jacob M. Berry. . The next year Mr. Berry assumed the sole management of the hotel, and continued its landlord until 1850, when he went to California, leaving the manage- ment of the hotel in the hands of Mr. Leonard Townsend. Mr. Berry had been in Cahfornia only a few months when he died. The contract with Mr. Townsend having been made for a year, he contin- ued the management of the hotel until 1851, when the control of the property passed into the hands of Mr. James Berry, a brother of Jacob. Mr. Berry at once assumed the management of the hotel, and continued landlord until 1867, when he sold out to Mr. H. B. Pinkham, 296 msTORT OF Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. who conducted the hotel until 1875. He was succeeded by Mr. S. B. Harmon, and the latter was in 1877 succeeded by Mr. Brewster, the present landlord. From the building of the hotel till the completion of the railroad, this hotel was the stage office and the principal public house in town. Stinchfield House. — The house now owned and occupied as a residence by Captain Isaac L. Skolfield, on the corner of Maine and School Streets, was in 1837 purchased of the heirs of Honorable Ben- jamin Orr, by Major John Stinchfield, and fitted up for a public house. Major Stinchfield kept a tavern there until his death, in September, 1844. His family continued the business for a short time longer, after which the building was occupied by Mr. G. C. Swallow, who kept school in it. From the opening of this public house, in 1837, until the Moorhead tavern was sold, in 1842, there were four public houses in the village. Viz., the Tontine, the Maine Hotel, Stinch- field's, and Moorhead's. An inn called Gatchell's Tavern was kept near Gatchell's Mills, in the southeastern part of the town, from 1837 to 1850, or thereabouts. It was kept at first by Joseph and Francis Gatchell, and after 1840 by Francis Gatchell alone. It was a famous place for " sprees," and was the resort of students and others bent upon having •' a good time." William V. Storer kept a public house for three or four years from 1837, in the western part of the town, near the Durham line, at what was then known as Storer's Corner. In 1838, Paul R. Cleaves opened a public house west of " Powder- House Hill," just beyond the corner of Mill and Pleasant Streets. He remained only a j'ear or two, not receiving sufficient patronage to warrant his continuing the business in that location. About the year 1825, Benjamin Peterson kept a tavern on the Bath road, about a mile beyond Cook's Corner, which was known as the Half-Way House. In 1835 he bought a farm in the town of Jeffer- son, sold this tavern, and moved away. Probably Thomas Wheeler bought it at this time, as he kept a tavern at this place for some years prior to 1845, which always went, with the college students, by the name of Old Wheeler's. It was a large one-story building. Like most of the public houses out of the village, it was a noted resort for carousals. In 1870, John T. Smith purchased the residence of the late Gen- eral Richard T. Dunlap, and converted it into a public house, called the BowDOiN Hotel. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS,' NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 297 ^ In 1868 the building owned by Mr. Jotham Varnev on Maine Street, opposite the mall, was converted into a public house, and has been occupied as such by different parties until the present time. It is now called the Brunswick House. The foregoing comprise all the public houses known to have been kept, at any period, in Brunswick. The earliest public hall to which we have found" any reference was the one in the tavern which stood where the post-office and engine- house are now. At first the hall was known by the name of its pro- prietor, as Owen's Hall in 1807, Robertson's Hall in 1812. It received the name of Washington Hall about the year 1815. It was for many years the only hall in which public entertainments were given. In this haU, also, private schools were taught at different times. Stone's Hall, on the corner of Maine and Mill Streets, was, in 1812 and subsequently, used for religious meetings and for other pur- poses not requiring a larger haU. Masonic Hall, on Mason Street, now the engine-house and hall of " Niagara, No. 3," was built in the year 1817, and besides being used for masonic purposes, the building has been used at different times for private schools, and, if we mistake not, for public lectures. Stoddard's Hall was in the tavern kept by Russell Stoddard in a building which occupied the site of the present Tontine Hotel, and which was destroyed by fire in 1827. Frequent allusions have been found to this haU, and it was probably large and comfortable, and adapted to the requirements of the town at that time. While Hodgkins kept an inn in the house, now the residence of Captain Alfred Merryman, there was a hall in the L which was known as HoDGKiNS Hall. In this hall religious and political meetings were sometimes held, and it was also used as a school-room, and for pubhc entertainments. The Tontine Hall was, for many years subsequent to its erection in 1828, the principal hall in Brunswick for all sorts of public gather- ings, and it has always been a favorite place for balls and assemblies. Humphrey's Hall was over the store now occupied by Mr. Bal- com as a hardware store, and in 1841, and thereabouts, was used for dances and for public meetings, not requiring a large hall. Odd Fellows Hall was, from 1844 to 1849, over the store of John S. Gushing, where Lemont Block is now. The building was burned in 1849, and the Odd Fellows then went into a room over the store of A. T. Campbell, on the corner of Maine and Lincoln Streets. 29 S HISTORY OF BSUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. McLellah's Hall was opened as a public hall about the year 1851, and from that time until the erection of Lemont Hall, in 1870, it was used almost exclusively for public meetings of all kinds and for public entertainments. Lemont Hall has been, since its erection, the best hall in town. It is a neat and comfortable room, with a seating capacity of about eight hundred. It is not adapted to all classes of entertainments, but for lectures, concerts, fairs, etc., it is far superior to any of its pred- ecessors. IN TOPSHAM. There is some doubt in regard to who kept the first house of entertainment in Topsham. Adam Hunter, who came to town in 1718, and who died about the year 1770, is said to have kept the first, though not a licensed one. On the other hand, the statement is made by the very same authority ^ that Colonel Samuel Winchell, who settled on the Cathance in 1750, " kept the first pubhc house, not a tavern, as is usual now, but his house was deemed the first in town, and for his house strangers used to inquire." Next to this house, in order of time, was the one kept by David Reed, five miles below the Falls on the lower road to Bowdoinham, near the line. He was licensed May 26, 1761, as an innholder, in the six following years as a retailer, and again as an innholder in 1772, 1873, and 1874.3 In 1762, Samuel Wilson was licensed as an innholder, and for each successive j'ear, down to September, 1766, when his last license was granted.3 John Reed kept an inn, probabty this one, in 1768. This last j'ear, William Wilson is mentioned in the Pejepscot Papers as an innholder in Topsham. He was licensed in 1761, and an Isabella Wilson in 1767.* The precise locality of the two inns kept bj' the Wilsons is not known, but they were doubtless within the limits of what now constitutes the village of Topsham. The reason for this supposition is, that Samuel and William Wilson owned lots in 1768 opposite the fort,^ and in 1773 there was a tavern kept at Topsham Ferry by a Mr. Wilson.^ About 1770, Mr. John Hunter kept a tavern about two miles from the village, on the road to Bowdoinham. Nothing definite is known as to the length of time Mr. Hunter kept an inn, but it was probably ^ Woodman' s Journal. ^ Pejepscot Papers. 'Ibid. * Lincoln County Oovrt Records. ' Plan of Topsham in 1768. 8 Low's Almanac, 1773. TAVEltyS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 299 for five or six years. He was town clerk from 1773 to 1775. He died when thirty- two years of age. In 1777 a town meeting was held at "Widow Hunter's." From these facts it is probable that Mr. Hunter died in 1775 or 1 776, and he had probably kept tavern for some years previous to that time. Mrs. Hunter carried on the business for some years, until she married Mr. Alexander Rogers. It used to be the custom for parties of five or six to ride from the village to this inn, and for the last one who arrived to pa_v for the " treat." Town meet- ings were occasionally held at this house, when the severity of the cold made the meeting-house too uncomfortable. It was at this house that an old negro, who lived in the vicinity, known as " Bill Fortin," attacked the mistress with warm words of invective, because some one had told him, in sport, that she had said that thej' had never any black sheep in their fiocks until he sheared them. While Mrs. Hunter carried on this house, an old soldier named Pike (pronounced Peek), returning from the war in tattered clothes and with his faithful musket upon his shoulder, begged of her to allow him to remain and work upon her farm. She consented and gave him plenty to eat and a new suit of clothes ; whereupon he remarked that he would stay as long as he lived. In after years he remarked in still stronger terms, that he would remain with her "as long as a single shingle remained on the roof." The old house still stands in its oaken strength, while Pike, a faithful servant, has long since mouldered in the dust. After Widow Hunter's marriage, the house ceased to be a tavern. Mr. Rogers, however, in 1803 and for some years after his marriage to Mrs. Hunter, kept an inn at his own house, and it was the resort for lunch and grog on Sunday noons of all who attended meet- ing in the old east meeting-house. Here, too, the militia collected on training days, and here the procession was formed when Washington's death was observed, in 1800. The house descended from Mr. Rogers to his son. Honorable George Rogers, and from him to the late George A. Rogers, Esquire, in whose family it now remains. In 1773, John MerriU was licensed as an innholder. For how long a time he kept a public house is not known. In 1774, James Purington, and in 1779, John Whitney, kept tavern somewhere in Topsham. Samuel Tilton was licensed in 1778, and John Blanchard in 1791. In 1792, Brigadier Samuel Thompson kept a public house in the building afterwards occupied by Harvey Thompson, now destroyed, near the entrance to the depot grounds. Hezekiah Wyman was licensed the same year. 300 mSTOEY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. From about 1800 to 1829, Francis Tucker kept a public bouse in tbe building wbicb is still standing on Main Street nearly opposite tbe Bank building. This was for many years the principal public house in town. The old Gideon Walker house, which stood a few rods south of the present Walker homestead, was used as a tavern for some years in the latter part of the last century, as early as 1792 and as lately as 1803. About 1812 the Sager House was kept by a Mr. Sager. It was situated on the northwest corner of Main and Winter Streets, where the Perldns Building is now. It was afterwards destroyed by fire. From 1822 until about 1855, John Jack kept a tavern in what is •known as the Jack neighborhood, near the little river line. During the early part of the time there was a great deal of travel, and the house was generally full. Lewiston was then a small village, and Topsham, Brunswick, and Bath were the markets for all of the interior towns. From 1814 to 1829, Nathaniel Green was a licensed innholder in Topsham. Between the years 1831 and 1836 he kept a public house for the accommodation of persons attending court, in the building now used by the Franklin Family School. The next year, 1837, he went to Augusta, where he kept the Palmer House. Prior to 1826 a public house was kept by Sullivan Haj'nes, and in 1826 by Prince Dinsmore, in a building which stood on the site of the late residence of Mr. Edwin M. Stone on Winter Street. In 1826 the house was burned. It was owned at that time b}' Captain Samuel Perkins. It must have been rebuilt at once, as in 1828, Charles M. Rogers, of Brunswick, took it and advertised it as the Lincoln Hotel, " a new and commodious house." From 1830 to 1834 this tavern was kept by James Mustard. In 1836 it was kept by Suel and Alden Baker as the Temperance Hotel. In 1837 it was kept by Jeremiah Clough. In 1838 and 1839 (and probably later), by Aaron Crowley. Afterwards, for a short time, by a Mr. Moulton. In 1844 by Joseph C. Snow, and in 1845 bj- A. W. Hewey, during which time it again went b^' the name of the Lincoln House. After this it was kept by Leeman Hebberd for a while. In 1817, Thomas G. Sandford, Jonathan Baker, George F. Eiehard- son, Darnel E. Tucker, and Samuel Veazie were all licensed as iunholders. In 1829, Daniel Dennett was a licensed innholder. His house was on the east side of Main Street, a little above the present post office. It was not much of an establishment. TAVJSBNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 301 About 1845, George Green had a tavern on the island, known as the Washingtonian House. It was afterwards called the Elm House. Several of the above-named public houses had halls attached for dancing and other public purposes. Besides these there have been at different times in Topsham the following public halls : — In a building which stood on the site of the Godfrej' House, on Green Street, there was a hall in which a dancing-school was kept in 1799. This house was purchased about .1804 by Reverend Jonathan Ellis. The hall had a swinging partition in it, the hinges of which were at the top. When this partition was opened it was fastened up to the ceiling by hooks and staples. i The Court House was occasionall}- used as a public hall during the whole period of its existence. It was used for a public oration as early as 1804. At a later period it was occupied on Sundays by different religious organizations, and by the town for many years for its annual meetings. It was also occasionally used for travelling shows and other exhibitions. At a later day the town-house, situated opposite the village burying- ground, was the principal place for public entertainments. StiU later, the haU of the Sagadahoc Agricultural Society was, and now is, used for fairs, dances, etc., but it is too large for lectures or for any ordinary entertainments. Perkins Hall and White's Hall, over stores on Main Street, have been used for meetings of one kind and another, not requiring larger accommodations. The engine hall has also been used for small gatherings. Topsham has never had a hall suitable, in all respects, for public entertainments, the halls referred to being either too large or too small, and not adapted for aU occasions for which a hall is required. IN HAEPSWELL. About 1762, Richard Starbird and Timothy Bailey were licensed as innholders, in Harpswell. A Mr. Eastman kept a sailor boarding-house on the east side of Condy's Point, Great Island, before and during the Revolution. The only public house on this island , since that time is believed to be the Union House, which was built in 1862 by David W. Simpson, and was conducted by him for one j'ear. It not proving a success, he ^Statiment by Or. Asher Ellis. 302 histohy of Brunswick, tophham, and haepswell. gave it up and went to sea. It was bought by Robert Watson, and in 1865 was changed to a church and parsonage, and part of the pews were sold. In 1866 or ]867, Watson bought back the pews, changed the church to a tavern again, and carried on the house for one year. In 1867, James Jewell, the present landlord, hired the house and opened it for company. In 1876, Moses Paul bought the house and had last summer considerable patronage. On Orr's Island there has never been a tavern or public house of any kind. In 1829, Elijah Walker was licensed as an innholder on Harpswell Neck. The Mansion House was built by Alexander P. Wentworth, now of Brunswick, in 1835, and was occupied by him as a public house for a short time, and was then sold to John Colby, who was succeeded by others whose names have not been ascertained. Frederic W. Dear- born, of Topsham, was the last owner and landlord. The house was destroyed by fire in 1868. Mr. Charles Johnson was licensed as an innholder in 1837, but whether he had charge of this house does not appear. MAILS AND POST-OFFICES. At the time of the earlier settlements here, before the establishment of any post-offlce, letters were brought to the inhabitants by the coasters which plied between Maquoit and the larger towns, or by any chance traveller who might be journeying this way. For a time even after the establishment of a mail-route, letters were sent by coasters as a matter of convenience. The first mail-route from Boston to the Kennebec was established a Uttle while before the commencement of the Revolutionary war, when, for a short time, Luke Lambard carried the mail on horseback once a fortnight, leaving the letters for Brunswick and vicinity as he passed by.^ The mail was first can-ied between Portland and Bath, once a fortnight, by Richard Kimball, who went on foot and often car- ried the letters in his pocket. It was not until about 1 800 that the mail was carried oftener than once a week.i In 1803 there were three mails a week from Boston, which arrived in Brunswick on the third day. In 18C4 it reached that place in the afternoon, and in 1805 in the morning of the second day from Boston. ^ 1 Maine Historical Collection, 2, p 219. ^McKeen, in Brunswick Telegraph, July 30, 1853. TAVERlfS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 303 Henry McIntjTe drove the first four-horse stage from Portland to Brunswick about 1803. He was living, at the age of ninety-three, at New Sharon, Maine, on April 30, 1875.1 In 1802, T. S. Estabrook, of Brunswick (afterwards Colonel) , began to carry the mail to Augusta, passing through Topsham and Litchfield. He carried it at first on horseback, leaving Brunswick every Monday. In 1806 he commenced running a passenger coach twice a week. It left Brunswick on Saturday and Tuesday at eleven o'clock a. m., and arrived in Augusta on Sunday and Wednesday at ten a. m. Keturning, it left Augusta at noon on Sunday, and at eight a. m. on Thursday. 2 The first daily mail is thought to have commenced in 1810.3 ]n 1824 " no mail from Brunswick could reach the towns on the Andros- coggin River, except by way of Portland and Hallowell, and not all of said towns were reached in that way ; consequently the publisher of the Baptist Herald found it necessary to establish at his own expense a weekly mail-route as far as Jay, about forty-five miles ; passing up the west side of the river and down the east. 'J"he United States government, two years later, assumed the route and continued it until other facilities of transportation made it unnecessary." * In 1836 a new mail-route was established between Brunswick and Turner, passing through Durham, Danville, Lewiston, and Minot. It left Brunswick at eight o'clock on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Another route was established at the same time to Lewiston, through Topsham and Lisbon. A route was also established this year between Brunswick and Harpswell. After the cars commenced to run on the Kennebec and Portland Railroad, there was a dail}' mail from each end of the road, and in 1864 two mails daily were received and sent. The first post-office established in Brunswick was in 1793, and Deacon Andrew Dunning was the first postmaster. The office was kept until shortly before the death of Deacon Dunning in his dwelling on Maine Street, just north of what is now Noble Street. The estate remains in the Dunning family, but the present house is not the one in which the post-office was kept. Mr. Dean Swift distinctly remembers being sent to Deacon Dunning's for letters, when a boy, and he says that the deacon kept them in a desk in a corner of the room, and that it was customary for the citizens to look over the letters themselves, ^Pi-vnswick Telegraph. ^ North, Ilistoryi.of Aitf/usta.p. 333. ^Farmers' Almanac, 1810. ^ Griffin, Press ofMaine,p. 74. 304 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. and to select therefrom such as bore their address. Eobert Dunning, who succeeded his father in 1801, kept the office on the northern cor- ner of Maine and Dunlap Streets. i In 1824 the office was kept on Mill Street, near the present resi- dence of Mrs. A. J. Stone. In 1826 it was removed to the corner of Maine and Mason Streets, where Lorenzo Day's store now stands. The next year, the office was removed to a building south of the stage house, on the lot now occupied by James Berry, near the foot of the mall, where it remained until 1842, when it was removed to its present location. It was subsequently moved back to the Berry build- ing, and in 1871 it was moved to its present location. The income of the postmaster at this office during the year 1826 was one hundred and sixty dollars, and in 1845 was eight hundred and sixteen dollars and eighty-one cents. From these sums the post- master was required to pay for office rent, clerk hire, wood and lights. 'I'he mails in the latter year arrived at eleven p. m. and two A. M. On July 14, 1803, Major Lemuel Swift was appointed post- master, in place of Robert Dunning. The appointment was probably made without the knowledge, or at least consent, of Mr. Swift, as he declined to accept it then, as he did also at other times. The following is a correct list of aU the postmasters of Brunswick and the date of their appointment. It is derived from the official records of the Post Office Department at Washington : — Andrew Dunning, appointed March 20, 1793 ; Robert Dunning, appointed January 1, 1801 ; Henry Quinby, appointed January 1, 1804 ; Jonathan Stone, appointed May 20, 1807 ; Joseph McLellan, appointed September 15, 1823 ; Theodore S. McLellan, appointed December 29, 1840; Elijah P. Pike, appointed February 9, 1842; Theodore S. McLellan, appointed September 11, 1843; Joseph F. Dunning, appointed May 2, 1849 ; John McKeen, appointed Septem-' ber 28, 1850 ; Robert P. Dunlap, appointed May 13, 1853 ; Alfred J. Stone, appointed March 24, 1858 ; Benjamin G. Dennison, appointed April 8, 1861 ; Albert G. Tenney, appointed August 24, 18G6 ; George C. Crawford, appointed April 3, 1867. The first post-office in Topsham was up stairs in a building which stood directly opposite the bank. Charles R. Porter, the postmaster, was a lawj'er, and the mail was kept in his office. He had for an assistant, Ohver, son of Major Nathaniel Walker, who remained with ' Pejepscot Papers. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC BALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 305 him for two or three years, and was then succeeded by his brother, Wildes P. Walker, then a lad of ten or eleven years of age. The following is the list of postmasters in Topsham, derived from the same source as the preceding : — Charles R. Porter, appointed February 6, 1821 ; Nathaniel Green, appointed July 13, 1826; Nathaniel Walker, appointed April 19, 1H31 ; John H. Thompson, appointed August 12, 1841 ; Nathaniel Walker, appointed November 26, 1844; William Ricker, appointed July 19, 1845 ; Charles E. White, appointed February 9, 1849 ; John Tebbets, appointed April 11, 1849; Octavius A. Merrill, appointed May 3, 1853 ; Lewis M. Work, appointed September 22, 1853 ; Amos D. Wheeler, appointed February 29, 1856 ; Alexander Ridley, appointed October 6, 1856 ; Robert P. Whitney, appointed May 6, 1861. The first post-oflBce in Harpswell was established at the lower end of Harpswell Neck in 1842, about three miles from the old meeting- house, the mail being received at that time every Tuesday. The first postmaster was Washington Garcelon. Residents of Great Island and the upper part of the Neck continued to go to Brunswick for their letters for manj' years afterwards. There are several separate oflSces in the town of Harpswell, and the following is the official list of the postmasters in each. The office in West Harpswell was established October 14, 1847. The postmasters were, Washington Garcelon, appointed October 14, 1847 ; Ebenezer Pinkham, appointed July 14, 1849 ; Alcot S. Merri- man, appointed April 10, 1850. The office was discontinued May 27, 1854, but was re-established in September, 1862. David Webber, appointed September 11, 1862; Miss Helen M. Webber, appointed December 22, 1865 ; Miss Lydia F. Webber, appointed June 16, 1868 ; Miss Margaret M. Thomas, appointed February 28, 1871 ; Miss Eleanor Thomas, appointed June 15, 1872. The office at North Harpswell was established Februarj-- 25, 1864, and Charles Johnson was appointed postmaster on that day. The office on Orr's Island was established May 13, 1868, and Sam- uel E. Smullen was appointed postmaster at that time. Postage on a letter to Boston in 1833 was twelve and a half cents, eighteen and three fourths c6nts to New York, and twenty-five cents for any distance over five hundred miles. In 1820 the rates were as follows : — Simjle letters, for any di*ance not exceeding thirty miles, six cents ; over thirty and not over eighty miles, ten cents ; over eighty 20 306 HISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. , and not over one hundred and fifty miles, twelve and a half cents ; over one hundred and fifty and not over four hundred miles, eighteen and a half cents ; over four hundred miles, twenty-five cents. Double letters, or those composed of two pieces of paper, double the above rates. Ship letters, not carried hj mail, six cents. NEWSPAPEKS, ETC. The following account of the newspapers and press in Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell is mainly derived from a recent work by the late Joseph Griffin, entitled " The Press of Maine," with a few addi- tions, which the character of his work led him to omit. The first press in Brunswick was set up early in December, 1819, by Joseph GriflJn, who graduated at the printing-office of Messrs. Flagg & Gould, in Andover, Massachusetts. His office was, at first, on the east side of Maine Street, facing Pleasant Street. In 1821 he removed to the building opposite the north end of the mall,, and which he occupied until his death, in 1875. For twenty-nine years Mr. Griffin printed, annually, one edition of the Catalogue of Bowdoin College, and for twenty years he printed two editions each year. He also printed sixteen editions (1 ,600 copies each) of the College Triennial Catalogue. The first work approximating to a newspaper, or rather to a period- ical, which emanated from his press, was in pamphlet form. It was issued in June, 1820. The third number had the following title-page : — " The Management of the Tongue and Moral Observer. No. III. Price per annum, $1.50. Pubhshed & Printed by Joseph Griffin. Issued on the second Tuesday of each Month. "Contents. — Part 1. The Boaster, consisting of Two Maxims and Reflections. Part 2. The 111 Tongue, consisting of Three Maxims and Reflections. Part 3. Moral Observer, No. HI. Melissa ; a tale. Observation upon the Passions, addressed to the ladies. Poetry: Mathon's Return. '1 he Season. Communication, suggesting a Legal Act in favor of 'Sitters' or Loafers. An Anecdote." On the last page was an advertisement of Griffin & Hazelton's bookstore. Only three numbers were printed. It was followed by the first newspaper that was printed in Bruns- wick. This was the Maine Intellujencer, a demiquarto of eight pages, published by Joseph Griffin, andtedited by John M. O'Brien, Esquire, who graduated at Bowdoin College in the class of 1806. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPEBS, ETC. 307 The publication of this paper was coiiunenced in September, 1820, and was given up at the end of six months, not proving remunerative to the publisher. The Midne Baptist Herald. — The first number of this paper was printed by Mr. Griffin, 'Jul^- 17, 1824. It was a demifolio. It was edited for about six months bj' Benjamin Titeomb, Jr., a graduate of Bowdoiu College, 180G, and son of the first printer in Maine. After the time named the Herald was under the sole management of the publisher. At the commencement of the second volume it was enlarged to a royal folio size, and continued weeklj' for six years. During the last two years of its existence it was called the Eastern G il'ixy I Did Tlerdd, the name having been changed in consequence of a larger part of its colmnns being subsequently devoted to secular interests. In the latter years of this publication the subscribers num- bered over eleven hundred, — a larger circulation than can be claimed for any other of the many papers subsequently commenced in Brunswick. The Herald was the first paper coinciding fullj- with the faith and practices of the primitive Baptists ever published in the United States. It was also one of the earliest papers in New England to take a stand against the inroads of intemperance, by exposing the causes leading thereto. In 1826 appears in the Herald the first complaint and argu- ment against indiscriminate licenses for the sale of alcoholic liquors. Androscoggin Free I'ress. — This paper was a roj^al folio, twenty- six by twenty. It was edited and published by Moore & AVells, assisted by Charles Packard, Esquire. It was commenced in 1827 and continued about two years. In politics it was the exponent of the principles of the Whig party. The Escritoir was a semi-monthly magazine of thirty-two pages, octavo, published in 1826-27 by a club of students, of which John Hodgdon was chairman. It was printed by Joseph Griffin. The Northern Iris., a monthly of thirty-two pages, went forth from the Bowdoin press for six months, in 1829. The editor and pubhsher was Sumner Lincoln Fairfield, a gentleman from the South. It was edited with abiUty, but depending on unsolicited patronage it was not remunerative. Mr. Fairfield had considerable reputation as a poet. He died while young. In 1830 the Brunswick Journal made its appearance. It was a royal folio sheet, pubhshed by WiUiam Noyes, now one of the editors and publishers of the Saco Independent. Associated with him a part of the time was Henry W. Fairfield, now the printer of the New 308 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TORSMAM, AND HARPSWELL. England Farmer, Boston. The Journal was a Whig paper, support- ing J. G. Hunton for governor of Maine, and Henry Claj^ for Presi- dent of the United States. Charles Packard, Esquire, then attorney at law, edited it for a short time, after which Francis D. and John S. Gushing were the principal writers. It was a well-conducted paper, but it was published for only a j-ear and three months. The Juvenile Key, commenced in 1831, was a children's paper, nine by seven, in neatly printed newspaper form, published weeklj' for two years. A considerable portion of the tj-pe-work of this paper was done by two children of Joseph Griffin who, at the commencement, were oxAj nine and seven years of age, respectively. Their names appeared as publishers. The first, a daughter, is now the wife of a clergyman in New Hampshire ; the second, a son, Joseph Warren Griffin, was lost at sea in Februai-y, 1849, on his passage to California. After the suspension of the Brunswick Journal, the Key was enlarged to a twelve by nine size, four pages, to make it more com- pletely a familj' paper and give room for advertising. From this time it was called the Family Pioneer and Juvenile Key, and was published with good success for four years. It was the endeavor of the editor of the Family Pione'r and Juvenile Key to operate upon the pubUc mind, especially that of the joung, by the publication of interesting narratives, setting forth in a clear light, not only the evils of an intemperate use of intoxicating drinks, but the dangers of temperate drinking. The abolition of negro slavery, and of the death penalty for crime, were strongly advocated in the columns of the Pioneer and Key. The Eastern Baptist was commenced in November, 1837, by Thomas W. Newman, and was continued about a year and a half, when it was discontinned, and the list of subscribers transferred to the Zion's Ad- vocate, in Portland. 1 he paper was started and edited by an associ- ation of Baptist ministers. These were, in 1 838, David Nutter, Edwin R. Warren, A. J. W. Stevens, and Luther C. Stevens. i Mr. Newman also published at this time, at No. 2 Forsaith's Block, the Advocate of Freedom. 'Ihis was a semi-monthly sheet, published under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Maine Anti- slavery Societj', and issued at fifty cents per annum. '1 he prospectus stated, " It will explain and defend the principles held by the society and the measures approved by it. It wiU be a vehicle of the anti- slavery intelligence of the day, and a repositorj' of facts and argu- 1 This account is not given in the Press of Maine. It was furnished us hy Mr. New- man. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 309 ments on the subject of slavery and the measures for its speedy and peaceful removal." 1 he editorial work was done principally by Pro- fessor William SmytK. 'I he paper was devoted exclusively to the antislavery cause. There were no local items or advertisements in it. Number 1, Volume I, was printed March 8, 1838. Number 25, the last printed here, was printed February 21 , 1839. The size of the paper was twenty by twenty-five. The pubUcation of this paper was continued at Augusta as a weekly paper. The Requlator, a royal folio, Democratic paper, was pubUshed for two years, 1837 and 1838, by Theodore S. McLellan. I. A. Beard was the editor. The Brunswicker, a neutral paper, was printed and published for one year, 1842, by T. S. McLellan. John Dunlap, B. A., was the editor. It was succeeded by a paper called The, Yagerhamer, of which, how- ever, but two or three numbers were issued. The Forester was printed in 1845 by Noyes & Stanwood. Its editor was H. A. Stanwood. Only one volume of this paper was published. The Pejepscot Journal, a weekly sheet, was published at Brunswick in 1846, one year ; edited by G. C. Swallow, now Professor of Geology and Agriculture in Missouri. The Juvenile Wntchman was edited and published in 1854 bj- Howard Owen, who is now one of the enterprising publishers of the Kennebec Journal. It was a small sheet, eleven by sixteen. It was Issued on the first and third Monday of each month at the office of the Brunswick Telegraph. It was devoted principally to the cause of temperance, especially among the young. It was discontinued at the expiration of six months. The Musical Journal was published monthlj' in 1855 by George W. Chase, editor and proprietor. It had but a short existence. T'he Brunswick Telegraph was commenced in 1853 by Waldron & Moore, as publishers, and Wm. G. Barrows, Esquire, as editor. It was afterwards issued by Waldron & Fowler, then by Fowler & Chase. The pubhshers in 1856 transfei-red their interest to Geo. W. Chase, who pubUshed it as editor and proprietor about one year, when Howard Owen, now of the Kennebec Journal, was admitted as a partner, and took charge of the agricultural department. After being connected with the establishment about five months, Mr. Owen became dissatis- fied with his unremunerated labors and sold his interest to Mr. Chase. Early in 1857 Mr. Chase abandoned the Telegraph and went to Bath, where he published the Masonic Journal and taught music. Mr. A. G. Tenney, a graduate of Bowdoin College, class of 1835, 310 HISTORY OF BnVNSWICE, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. purchased the Telegraph establishment in 1857, reissued the paper, and has since continued to edit and publish it weekly. Of Mr. Tenney's fitness for the position of editor, the Press of Maine i well says , " To a liberal education and a mind capable of close reasoning and of arriv- ing at logical conclusions, he adds unwearied industry and constant application." Under Mr. Tenney's management, the paper has been particularly valuable for the energy and fidelity which the editor has displayed in his efifbrts to make it a good local paper, and in this respect it has no superior in the State. The only paper ever published in Topsham was a Second Adventist paper, which was printed about the j^ear 1844, in a chamber over John Larrabee's workshop on Elm Street. No copj' of the paper has been found, and its name is forgotten. The enterprise was abandoned at the expiration of a few months. In Harpswell there has been but one paper published. It was the Harpswell Banner. The first number was issued in May, 1832. It was published weekly, for six months, by Josiah S. Swift and Jonathan E. Snow. Jesse Snow, 2d, was the agent. It was printed on a sheet six bj' ten, and the price was four cents for six numbers. In August, J. S. Swift became the sole proprietor and editor. In September, the paper was enlarged to a sheet seven bj' thirteen, and the next week eight and one half to thirteen and one half, and the title was changed to that of the Literary Banner, terms thirtj'-two cents per annum ; semi-monthlj'. The last number, however, was issued October 24 of this year. One number contained an advertise- ment bj' the editor that he would draw " with accuracy, for one shil- hng, views of countrj' seats, buildings, etc. ; also land and marine views." This paper was printed at the editor's home on Sebascodigan Island. Swift, then a lad, now a clergyman, residing in Farmington, " procured a small font of worn-out type, which had been thrown into pi in the office of the Bath Maine Inquirer. This he sorted out, laid in a case of his own construction, and having made a wooden chase, some tin rules, and cut a head on a block of wood, he printed a seven by nine weekly paper on an old cheese-press. He received the pat- ronage and encouragement of many of the literati of Bath and Bruns- wick. The late John McKeen became a regular correspondent " ^ 'I'he boy finally abandoned the enterprise to enter the office of the Bath Inquirer, where he remained for some years, and finally became the proprietor of that paper. " Page 171. 2 Griffin, Press of Maine, p. 197. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FRESHETS. 311 • CHAPTER IX. DISEASES^ AND ACCIDENTS, FRESHETS. We are unable to give an extended comparison, as to the relative healthfulness of the towns of Topsham, Brunswick, and Harpswell, or of their average rate of mortality. It may be said briefly, however, that as regards both endemics and epidemics, Harpswell is the most healthy of the three towns, and Brunswick the least so. Topsham probably occupies an intermediate position between the two. The cause of the difference is in the configuration of the land, the nature of the soil, the proximity to the sea, and the density of the population. Topsham and Harpswell possess bj- far the best drainage, though that of Brunswick is amply sufficient, if properly cared for. No data exist from which to calculate accurately the death-rate of either town, but in each there have been a few individuals who have lived to an advanced age. Harpswell probablj^ bears off the palm in this respect, for in one house four persons are said to have died, whose average age was ninety-nine and a half years. Thej' were Taylor Small, who died in 1812, aged ninety-six ; Peter Birthright, who died in 1822, at the age, it is said, of one hundred and fifteen ; Tabitha Small, who died in 1846, at the age of ninety- nine ; and Mark Small, who died in 1852, at the age of eighty-eight. In this connection a brief mention of the different physicians, who have from time to time settled here, will not be inappropriate. The first physician who settled in either of these towns was undoubt- edly Sam0el Gyles, who died in Brunswick in 1738, and who had practised there for a short time previously. He came from Salisbury, Mass. Next in Brunswick was William Spear, son of Robert Spear, one of the early settlers. Dr. Spear was in practice about the year 1740, 1 The late Dr. John D. Lincoln commenced to prepare for the authors a chapter on the sanitary condition and mortality of the three towns. Bis sickness and death pre- vented its completion or revision, and we are consequently obliged to give a more meagre sketch than we otherwise should. 312 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. but for how long a time is uot known, and nothing is known as to his professional qualifications. Doctor Phineas Nevers was in Brunswick from 1755 to 17fi5, and perhaps longer. Nothing is known of him as a physician. Doctor Samuel Duncan came to Brunswick from Topsham in 1770, and was in practice until his death, in 1784. He was a young man, but was called a skilful physician, and he had an extensive practice. He lived at New Meadows. • Doctor Ebenezer H. Goss^ came to Brunswick during the Eevolu- tion. He lived at Maquoit until 1804, when he moved to the village, and soon after moved to Paris, Maine. He had an extensive practice and was accounted a good phj'sician. Doctor Balthazar Stilket was a Hessian surgeon, who came over with Burgoyne's forces, and after the war (about 1790) settled iti Brunswick near the present residence of Mr. Martin Storer, north of Cook's Corner. He practised there for several years. But little is known of him. He is said to have been something of a quack. Doctor Jonathan Richardson Parker was in Brunswick for one or two years only, about 1799. Doctor Jonathan Page i came to Brunswick in 1 795, and commenced the practice of medicine in 1800. His practice soon became exten- sive, and continued increasingly so until his death, in 1842. He held a highly respectable rank in his profession. His residence was for many years in the house just south of the Mason Street Church. Doctor Isaac Lincoln^ moved to Brunswick from Topsham in 1820. He enjoj-ed a very extensive practice until a short time before his death, in 1868. He held a high rank in his profession. He was a graduate of Harvard College, 1800, and is supposed to have been the first physician in Brunswick who had received a collegiate education. John D. Lincoln, ^ son of Doctor Isaac Lincoln, was a graduate of Bowdoin College, class of 1843, and of the Medical School of Maine, class of 1846. He practised in Brunswick from 1846 till within a few weeks of his death, in 1877. He was a most excellent phj'sician and his practice extended into manj' of the neighboring towns, and even to more remote portions of the State. Other physicians in Brunswick, for a short time only, have been J.' D. Wells, 1829 ; Cushman, 1836 ; J. E. Shaw, 1857 ; T. S. Foster, 1864 ; J. B. Soto, 1871 to 1873. Of those now residing in Brunswick, Asher Ellis commenced prac- ^ See Biography. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FliESHETS. 313 tice in Brunswick in 1842, Nathaniel T. Palmek in 184 5, Alfred Mitchell in 1865, and Daniel F. Ellis in 1866. The earliest physician in Topsham, the date of whose residence can be determined, was Doctor Philip Hott, who died in June, 1790 (see epitaph). Tradition reports him as an excellent physician. In 1793 there was, if no mistake has been made in the recorded dates, a Doctor Hoyt in town who was a member 9f the church. Possibl}- he was a son of the one first named. Doctor Ebenezer Emerson came to Topsham prior to 1792. He came to Maine from Reading, Mass. At first he boarded with James Wilson, but he afterwards built and occupied the house now occupied b}- Swansej' Wilson, just beyond Cjtus Purington's on the Bowdoinham road. He was settled here at least six years and probably longer. • While Doctor Emerson boarded at Mr. Wilson's there was also another phj'sician named Hat who boarded with him. Doctor Hay did not, however, long remain. A Doctor Parker succeeded Doctor Emerson and lived in the same house that the latter had previouslj' occupied. He remained in town several j-ears. A Doctor Osborne practised in Topsham prior to Doctor Phineas Never's residence in Brunswick, probabl}- about 1754. He boarded at a Mr. Gray's, who lived near Ferry Point. His sta}' in town was short. Doctor Duncan is supposed to have located himself in Topsham before he went to Brunswick. If so, his staj- could not have been for more than a few weeks. Both of these last are said to have died at New Meadows, from consumption. A 3'oung man named Doctor Guild was here for a few j-ears, about 1796. In some old papers of Brigadier Thompson a Doctor Whittaker is alluded to in a manner to imply that he was a resident of Topsham. Nothing is positively known, however, in regard to it. Prior to 1804, Doctor Stockbridge (the elder Dr. Stockbridge of Bath, deceased) settled in Topsham for a short time. He boarded with Jacob Abbott in what is known as the " Rachel Patten" house. Stockbridge Howland and John Stockbridge Patten are said to have been named for him. About the same time a Doctor Sawter settled in Topsham, kept an apothecary store, and practised his profession. Doctor Sims and Doctor Fairfield both practised here not far from this time, certainly before 1804. The latter also had an apothecary store. 314 HISTORY OF BBUyaWICK, TOP8BAM, AND HARPHWELL. In 1804, Doctor Isaac Lincoln i moved to Topsham and soon had an extensive practice. In 1820 he removed to Brunswick. In 1820, Doctor James McKeen^ commenced to practise in Tops- ham. His office, at that time, was over Jonathan Baker's store, and he boarded at Humphrey Purinton's boarding-house. He continued in practice until a short time before his death, in 1873. In 1843 a " botanic doctor," by the name of Norton, came to town, but did not remain more than a year or two. Between the last date and 1856, Doctors J. S. Cushman, Cook, and Springer were settled in Topsham for short periods. In 1856, Doctor Joseph McKeen, Jr., commenced practice, and is, at the present time, the only resident physician of this town. Although the town of Harpswell has been unable to dispense entirely with the services of physicians, yet it has done so to a great extent. There have been but four physicians located in the town, and, with one exception, they remained but a few years. The practice in the town has been mainly carried on by Brunswick doctors. Prior to 1840 a Doctor Norton resided in the town for several years. He was succeeded about 1843 by a Doctor Bliss. In 1850, or there- abouts. Doctor Dailet settled in this town and has remained to the present time. In 1870, Doctor J. B. Soto settled here, but remained but one 3'ear, when he removed to Brunswick, where he died. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS. If Brunswick and Topsham cannot be considered as pre-eminently healthy places, yet it can with truth be asserted that \h.ej are as healthy as other towns of like character, situation, and population. Since the Great Plague among the Indians, about 1615 or 1616 (which extended all over New England), there has no devastating epidemic occurred here. Pulmonary consumption, pneumonia, acute rheumatism, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, measles, epidemic dysentery, and cholera infantum produce the same ravages here as elsewhere, but are none of them endemic. Cholera and yellow fever have ncA'er, it is believed, appeared here, and no quarantine has ever been estab- lished here. Small-pox has prevailed a number of times, but never to an alarm- ing extent. Its first appearance was in the early part of the fall of 1792.2 How many cases there were in this epidemic is not known,- ijSee Biography. ^Pejepscot Papers. DItiEASES AND ACCIDEWTS, FUESHETS. 315 but the citizens were greatly alarmed, and the town of Brunswick ver}- properlj- took all the precautions possible to prevent the spread of the disease. In October of that year, the town "voted not to allow any person in this town to inoculate for to take the small-pox, but to take all possible care to prevent the spreading of the disorder." Eighteen inspectors were chosen from the different parts of the town, whose duties were to erect " smoke-houses " wherever they thought best ; to examine, smoke, and clean all goods brought into town for the space of two months, and to stop, examine, and cleanse any per- son whom they might suspect of being infected. The town also voted to build a hospital twenty-eight feet long by fourteen feet wide and one story high. The hospital was to be on the Commons, but the exact location was left to the decision of the selectmen. No physi- cian was allowed to attend small-pox patients without the authority of the selectmen. After this epidemic had passed bj^, there were no cases of this disease for thirty-two years, unless, perchance, there were a few cases not known to the public. In 1824, owing to fears of an epidemic of this disease, the town of Brunswick, at a meeting held May 10, appointed the selectmen as a committee to take i^rompt and efficient measures to have all in town vaccinated who had not previously been. The agents of the different school districts were directed to be present and see that all not pre- viously vaccinated, attended at the time appointed by the physician. The names of all persons vaccinated were to be recorded on the town records, and the expense of the vaccination was to be paid by the town. Nothing further is known in regard to an epidemic at this time. In 1851 there were a few cases of small-pox in this vicinity, and at the May meeting in Brunswick, the town instructed the select- men " to cause the inhabitants of the town to be vaccinated without delay." Doctors N. T. Palmer, Asher Ellis, and J. D. Lincoln were also chosen at this time as a Board of Health. There were a few cases of this disease in 1861, and a number in 1866, when there were three fatal cases. But few cases of this disease can have occurred in Topsham, since no record is to be found of any, except single cases. In 1810 a committee was chosen to vaccinate all who had not had the small-pox, and this committee reported the next year that Doctor Isaac Lincoln had vaccinated four hundred and three persons, of which number three hundred and ninetj'-one cases were successful and twelve were doubtful. In 1824 the people of Topsham were again vaccinated. HarpsweU seems to have been quite free from this disease, so much so, appar- 316 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. ently, as to have no dread of it, for in 1832 the town voted against having the people vaccinated. It is thought that the ratio of cases of insanity was greater in the early part of the century, in this vicinity, than it is at present. At one time, about 1820, there were four insane persons in Brunswick and five in Topsham. In 1836 the town of Brunswick authorized the erection of a building for the accommodation of this class of patients, at an expense not exceeding three hundred dollars. The apparently greater number of cases of this kind in former years may be partiallj' accounted for by the fact that there were not at that time so many of this unfortunate class under treatment in asylums abroad, and conse- quently each case was well known to the whole community. Besides the ordinary cases of disease affecting the mortaUtj' of this vicinity, many cases of accident resulting in premature death have occurred from time to time. Foremost among these are the accidents from falling into the water. From the list of cases we have collected, only a few of the earliest or most remarkable ones are inserted here. The earliest case of the kind of which we have received anj- account, occurred in March, 1765, a Mrs. Babbage and son, who lived on the farm now owned by the heirs of the late John Pennell, and a j'oung man by the name of Barnes, a son of Henry and brother of the late William Barnes, who lived on the farm now owned by James Alexan- der, in HarpsweU, while crossing Merriconeag Eiver to a grist-mill on the old Ewing place, had their float caught in the running ice and overset, and were all three drowned. Mrs. Barnes and William were watching them from the shore when the accident happened. Their bodies were recovered the following June. The only other similar deaths occurring prior to 1800 were of Daniel Winchell, before 1 777, at some place unlmown ; Adam Hunter, at sea, in 1778 ; Samuel Potter, date and place both unknown, but some time in the last cen- tury ; Eobert Potter, at sea, before 1 794 ; James and Robert Winchell, at the same time, at Cathance, date unknown ; John Winchell, at Bath, between 1790 atid 1800 ; Benjamin Eandall and Thomas Wilson, both at sea and prior to 1800. Some time previous to 1820, Major Burt Townsend and a Mr. Gross were on a raft of logs above the upper dam on the Androscoggin, at Brunswick. The raft broke loose and went over the dam.. Just as thej' reached the falls. Major Townsend, with great presence of mind, leaped ahead into the river below and thus escaped both the undertow and the falling logs, and was thus able to swim ashore, while Mr. Gross, who either did not jump at all, or else not sufficiently far, was drowned. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FBESHETS. 317 From the list referred to, we are able to give the following sum- mary: The number of cases of drowning in Brunswick and Tops- ham (exclusive of those drowned at sea, of which the list is, as a matter of course, verj- incomplete) is fort3'-five. Of these forty-five cases, there were drowned on the Cathance Eiver, in Topsham, five ; on the Androscoggin River (including INEerrymeeting Bay), twentj'- seven ; on the New Meadows River, in Brunswick, one ; at Maquoit, three ; at other places mentioned, five ; and where the place was un- known, four. Of the twenty-seven drowned in the Androscoggin, eight were drowned on the Topsham side, ten on the Brunswick side, five in MerrjTneeting Bay, and four in the stream, away from the shore. Of the ten persons drowned on the Brunswick side, seven were drowned near the Factorj' or lower mills and two near the upper bridge. Of the eight on the Topsham side, four were drowned at the bathing-place above the upper bridge and two near the mills. Next in the list of fatal accidents come those by fire. 'I he first of these to which reference has been found was in 1737, when the house of the widow of Andrew Dunning was burned, and she was burned m it. No reference to any other death by fire in the last century has been found. Jn September, 1829, Hannah J. Brown, of lopshain, aged eight years, was badly burned by a brand which fell from the andirons on her cotton gown and set it on fire. She lingered for twenty-six days before she succumbed to her injuries. On January 15, 1857, Mrs. James Maxwell, of Topsham, was fatally burned, in consequence of the overflowing of a lighted lamp containing camphene. She lived but a short time. On January 25, 1859, a daughter of John Merritt, of Brunswick, was fatally burned in consequence of her clothes being caught in the blaze of the fire. On March 11th of this same year, Mr. Isaac Center was fatally burned by the explosion in his hand of a lighted lamp, containing burning fluid. In this connection may be mentioned with propriety the cases (though not fatal) of accidents in consequence of lightning. 'I he first occurrence of this kind was in 1828, when a house in Mill Street was struck by lightning, and a man injured. 'Ihe next case occurred September 5, 1845, when one person was stunned and another pros- trated by the lightning, which struck Common's Hall. At the time the "Henry Jordan" house, on Cleaveland Street was struck by lightning, June 23, 1874, two persons standing on the doorsill were struck, but not seriously injured. Other cases have probably occurred of which no account has been preserved. Numerous accidents have occurred from time to time at the mills 318 mSTOSY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARP8WELL. and factories, thougli fortunately but few have resulted fatally. The earliest occurrence of this kind was i^ the last century, though the precise date is unknown. Hugh Wilson, of Topsham, who was married in 1785, had his leg broken among the mill logs on the east- ern branch of the Cathance River An amputation was performed by a physician from Casco (Portland), but he did not long survive the operation. The next occurrence of which we have seen any account, also in Topsham, was in August, 1825. At this time a little child, aged four years, fell through a saw-mill and fractured his slvuU. On October 7, of the same year, another child, aged ten years, while asleep in a saw-mill in Brunswick, where his father was working at the time, got up and fell out on to the roclvs, a distance of twentj^-five feet, and was instantly killed. Record has been found of only two accidents in the mills since this date, but there were doubtless many others which were unrecorded, save in the memory of afflicted friends. At least eight fatal accidents are known to have happened upon the railroad in this vicinitj-, and it is possible there have been more. Only one of these cases happened in Topsham. The following are a few of the cases of death that have occurred from other causes than those already specified : — November 30, 1833, William B. Merriman, of Brunswick, mate of the brig " Veto,'' was murdered b}'' the pilot, a Spaniard, while at Barbaras, in the lagoon of Maracaibo. In November, 1858, Richard L. McManus fell into the hold from the deck of the ship " Screamer," in the port of London, and died on December 7, in consequence of lockjaw induced by the injury he sustained. On August 27, 1861, a young lad fell on to the rocks from the high bluif in front of the residence of Miss Narcissa Stone, in Brunswick, and was instantly killed. On the 27th of September, 1866, a young child was accidentally shot in Topsham. The deaths caused by the personal violence of another have been mentioned in a different connection. The cases of suicide occurring in Brunswick and Topsham have been (including that of Ann Conner already referred to) only eight, so far as can be ascertained. 'I'hese cases occurred in the years 1752 to 1770, 1820, 1823, 1833, 1852, 1855, 1858, and 1869. Two of these were destroyed by cutting their own throats, one by hanging, one by shooting, and two by drowning. The manner of death of the other two is not known. 'Ihere have undoubtedly been other cases of this kind,^ but these are all in which the facts have been found recorded. Among what might be classed under the head of accidents to prop- DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FJIESHETS. 319 ertj', but which might with even more propriety- be classed under a meteorological heading, and which for convenience merely are intro- duced in this place, are FEESHETS. The earliest reference found to any freshet in the Androscoggin was to one that occurred in February, 1723. At that time the river was very full, " the lowland full of water and the river ojjen not only below but even to the falls thirty miles above Pejepscot.'' 'J'his it will be noticed was in midwinter.^ 'Ihe next great freshet occurred in 1780, in the winter season.^ There was considerable ice in the river at the time, which dammed up the water so that it flowed across the lower part of Topsham village, and men went across Main Street below the bank in boats. Ice was carried by the water into the cellar of the Hodge house, which stood where the bank now stands, and it was also brought up the gully by the town landing, nearly as far as the present Congregational Church. 'Ihe next freshet was in 1784. It occurred some time in the fall. 'Ihe barn of Andrew and John Dunning was brought down bj^ the water from the intervale east of Eockj^ Hill. This barn continued entire until it reached the falls. The standing corn in the fields along the banks of the river remained fixed, but pumpkins came down in great abundance. The great mills on the island were carried off at this time. 3 In October of the next j-ear* there was another freshet that carried off a saw-mill and nine saws, two grist-mills, a fulling mill, and three houses. On account of the amount of damage done by the sudden rise of water at this time, the town of Tops- ham preferred a petition to the General Court for an abatement in the tax for that year. 'I'he next unusual rise of water in the river occurred in 1811. At this time the toU-bridge was partially carried off. It was at this time, also, that two men, Johnson Wilson and " Noggin" Potter, went across the ice to Shad Island, where Wilson owned a mill, and went to work. '1 here had been a rain, but Wilson and Potter did not anticipate a rise of water sufficient to break up the ice. At noon, however, when they left work and started for home, they found the ice had broken up and, as there was no bridge to the island at that time, they were unable to reach the shore. The ice was running rapidlj^ and it would be dangerous to attempt to reach them bj boat ; they were therefore obliged to remain on the island. . As it 1 Pejepscot Papers. ^ Ibid. ' Ibid. * Ibid. 320 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HAEPSWELL. was uncertain how long they might have to remain there, their friends, who were on the Brunswick shore, threw crackers, pieces of fish, etc., to them, and thus their hunger was appeased. They were obliged to remain on the island nearly two daj's, when Major William Frost and some one else took a boat and brought them safely ashore.^ In the great freshet of 1814 twenty-one saw-miUs were swept away, or rendered useless, and many other buildings and manufactories were destrojed. An expensive viaduct for conveying boards past the falls was also destroyed. MiUs, barns, etc., came down to the falls erect, as though resting on their foundations, and were there dashed to pieces. The Patten mill, in Topsham, was carried down the river and across the island about where the paper-mill now stands ; catch- ing for a moment on the rocks at this place, the roof came off. Four saw-mills on the lower falls started at one time and carried ofi' the greater portion of the bridge. The toll-man had just quitted his dwell- ing. There was a rise of water of twentj'-eight feet in this freshet. In October, 1819, there was a heavy freshet' which carried off the upper mills. The town of Brunswick petitioned the legislature to make a deduction from their valuation in consequence of the loss of propert}'' occasioned by it. In the summer of 1820 the river was lower than it had been for sixty years previous, and all business in mills and factories was sus- pended for some time. This unusual drought was, however, only the precursor of a great freshet which occurred on the sixteenth and seventeenth of October following. At this time all the booms about the falls broke, containing logs,, it was said, sufficient to supply' twentjr-three saws for two years, — the greatest number ever on hand at that season of the year. The lower dam on the Brunswick side started and carried with it about sixtj' feet of the Androscoggin bridge, and two mills for manufacturing clapboards, owned by Jaquith and Eastman. "A greater portion of the most expensive dam on the falls" then started, and it was supposed it could not be repaired uuder nine or ten months. Fifteen saws, two grist-mills, a carding- machine, two clapboard-mills, and a lath-mill were rendered useless until this dam was repaired. The estimated loss was over $125,000. There was also great loss of propertj' at Lisbon. On April 15, 1824, a " very great freshet" is recorded, but no par- ticulars are given. On August 30, 1826, the most unexpected and rapid rise of water in the Androscoggin occurred that had ever been 1 James Wilson. DISEASES AND AOCIDENTS, FRESHETS. 321 known. In Livermore and Jay the water rose eight feet in one night. It swept awaj- in its course every movable thing on the shores, such as timber, ferry-boats, etc. The swell of water reached Brunswicli on Tuesday eve. Between one and two thousand logs that had been rafted below the booms at this place were swept over the dams, and some damage was done to a number of the mills. The loss at this point was, however, more than balanced by a fine run of logs from above. There had been no rains in this vicinitj-. Another serious rise of water occurred on April 25 and April 26, 1827. The boom broke on the night of the twenty-fifth, and allowed about one hundred and fifty thousand logs to come down the river. In their course they carried off the new double saw-mill belonging to Doctor Jonathan Page, about two hundred feet of the toll-bridge, and the gulf dam. The Eagle Factory was also injured. No freshet is recorded as occurring in 1829, but in November of that year the tide in the river is said to have risen five feet higher than ever before known, and to have done some slight damage. Other considerable freshets occurred on January 2, 1831, May 22, 1832, and April 7, 1833. At the one in 1832, the Roger Merrill saw- mill and also the Patten mill and the bridge dam were carried away. In February, 1839, there was a serious ice freshet, which carried away the upper dam and booms, and the Goat Island mill, and seriously injured the Great Mills. The ice became gorged at the Nar- rows, and was sixty feet high below the toll-bridge. It was piled so high between the bridge and the lower falls, that a man stepped off the bridge and walked on the ice to the roof of the mill on vShad Island. A freshet occurred on May 22, 1843, at which the dam on the Topsham side gave way, and the lower boom above the falls also gave way, carrying off the Rogers mill in Topsham, and about thirty feet of the Shad Island bridge. The bank on the "Intervale" road in Brunswick was washed away, and a house undermined at this time. The next noteworthy freshet was in May, 1854. It was said at the time to be the greatest of any since 1814, though but little damage was done. The old Hodge miU was carried off, but the new Hodge mill was uninjured. In 1857, April 6, the water in the river was very high, and the old Purinton mill in 'J'opsham was carried off. On March 31, 1859, the ice carried away Maxwell & Jameson's blacksmith shop, on the island, and also an old grist-mill near by. On April 19, 1862, an unoccupied house on the island in Topsham, next to the smaU bridge, was carried away by the water, and the draw 21 322 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. and about two hundred feet of the Bay Bridge, on the Brunswick side, were also destroyed. Cow Island was entirely submerged. On November 19, 1863, there was a high freshet. The northern abutment of the small bridge in Topsham was undermined, and car- riage travel stopped. There were some logs lost, but. no other dam- age is known to have been done at this time. April 19, 1865, the water was quite high, but did no damage. There was, however, at this time, an extremely high wind, which blew down fences, signs, etc., and did considerable harm. A barn on the Island, in Topsham, was blown into the river with all its contents, even the hens. On April 26, 1866, there was a heavy ice freshet. A small portion of the dam of Perkins's saw-mill, and the outer tier of posts of the Purinton flour-mill, both in Topsham, were carried away. Some damage was also done to the Coburn mill in Brunswick. There was also another, though lighter, freshet in November of this year. In 1869 there were two freshets. At the first, on April 20, a boom broke, and a large number of logs belonging to Hiram Toothaker, and to Coburn & Thompson, went down river. The loss was esti- mated at about $40,000. At the other freshet, October 5, several cows on Cow Island were drowned, and two hundred bushels of corn, belonging to John Merry- man, at Rocky Hill, were washed away. The last freshet of consequence was on April 16, 1873. The ice became gorged, and carried away the flume at the paper-mill in Topsham. STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, ETC. 323 CHAPTER X. STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, TELEGRAPH, EXPRESSES, PUBLIC CARRIAGES. STAGES, ETC. The first regular stage for the accommodation of passengers is thought to have commenced running about the j-ear 1800. 'Ihe first four-horse stage between Brunswick and Portland is known to have been driven in 1803 by Heniy Mclntyre. In 1806, Colonel Estabrook drove a biweekly stage between Brunswick and Augusta. In 1807, or soon after, Nahum Perkins, of 'i'opsham, drove a through stage between Portland and Augusta. The first daily stage commenced, in connection with the mails, in 1810. It was between Portland and Brunswick. A writer in 1820 remarks concerning the stages to and from Bruns- wick at that time, " From the great eastern, western, and northern routes the stages arrive at twelve o'clock at noon, and so well are they regulated that they often arrive at the same moment. There is no other place in Maine so well situated in this respect. From the east, west, and north, they arrive and depart every day in the week." These coaches were probably run by the Maine Stage Company, as that is the earliest company to which any reference has been found. On January 1, 1821, William B. Peters commenced running a stage between Portland and Bath, leaving the former place on Monda3^ Wednesday, and Friday, and the latter on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. The Brunswick office was at Hodgkins's tavern. The fare was the same as in the mail stage. 'J his was an opposition line to the regular mail stage. How long it was maintained is not known. On August 20, 1836, the Brunswick and Turner Stage Companj- began running a stage between those two towns, leaiving Stinchfield's Hotel in Brunswick, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays at eight o'clock A. M., passing through Durham, Danville, Lewiston, East Minot, East Turner, and arriving in Turner at three o'clock p. m. Returning, it left Turner on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at 324 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. eight o'clock a. m , and arrived in Brunswick at four p. m. The fare to Lewiston was one dollar and twenty-five cents, and to Turner one dollar and seventy- five cents During the winter of this j'ear, Jacob Harris drove a two-horse team twice a week to Portland, for freight and passengers. On December 25, 1854, the Brunswick and Lewiston stage line was established, John Holland, Jr., being the agent. A passenger coach, capable ot seating nine persons inside, left Lewiston for Brunswick every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and arrived at the latter place in season for the noon train for Bath and Augusta. It left Brunswick on its return at half past nine a. m. It passed through Topsham, Little River, and Lisbon. The fare between Brunswick and Lewiston was one dollar and twenty five cents. This line was kept up for several years. In 1856 M. K. Marean was its agent. The last stage run to any point accessible by the cars was in 1858. In November of that year, C. M. Plummer commenced to run a daily stage to Bath in opposition to the cars. The fare by stage was forty cents, and by cars twenty-five cents. There are at present three lines of stages leaving Brunswick. One is a dailj' stage to Potts's Point on Harpswell Neck ; another, thrice weekly, to Condj^'s Harbor on Great Island ; and another, thrice weekly, to Orr's Island. The first stage over the latter route was driven by Ephraim Johnson of Orr's Island, on June 1, 1868. Among the different lines of stages which have been enumerated, the Maine Stage Company deservedly takes the first rank. I he com- panj' at one time owned $60,000 worth of stock. Its coaches were large and comfortable, and its horses were of the best 'Jhe line was well patronized and the profits were large. A quarterly dividend of thirty dollars on the hundred is known to have been distributed. The stages of this line continued running to Portland for some time after the railroad was completed. The fare to Portland by stage was one dollar, and by cars ninety cents, but the stage called for and deliyered passengers at their residences, thus saving carriage hire. Among the drivers for the Maine Stage Company were Calvin Gossam, Charles Owen (son of Elder Shimuel Owen) , Hiram Tibbetts (father of Mr. J. H. Tibbetts), Jabez Sawin, Savage, Jacob Sands, Stanwood, Plummer, Job Sawyer, Hobbs, and John Beals. Gossam was a careful driver, prompt in business, attentive to the wants of his passengers, and scrupulously neat in his apparel ; his hat, boots, and gloves were always stylish; when he announced, "Stage STAGES, RAILROADS, NAYIOATION, ETC. 325 ready,'' no better dressed gentleman entered the coach. Gossam went to California, where he drove successfully several years before his death. Mr. Sands drove a part of the time between Brunswick and Augusta, and a part between Brunswick'and Portland. In 1849, when the steamer FlusJdvg made her daily trips between New Wharf and Portland, he drove a stage connecting with the steamer. He was a careful driver and a pleasant, genial, whole-souled man. Those who desired to relieve the monotony of a stage journey by pleasant, face- tious, and ofttimes instructive conversation, invariably chose a seat beside him upon the box. Concerning the other drivers, nothing has been learned, except what would naturally be inferred, that they were all good " whips " and handled the " ribbons" skilfully. Accidents were not infrequent in old stage times. In several instances the towns of Brunswick and Topsham were obliged to pay damages to the stage company, in consequence of injuries to their coaches caused bj' defects in the highways. One incident is perhaps illustrative of the whole. On November 17, 1829, a stage containing eleven passengers, among whom were Governor Dunlap, and Mr. Charles J. Nojes, of Brunswick, was upset on McKeen Street, and tipped, top down, into a ditch full of water, so that the doors could not be opened. No one was seriouslj* injured, but all were bedaubed with mud. A mother and her babe were among the inside passengers, and the child was found safely pre- served on the shelf made by the inverted coach-seat. RAILROADS. The first local project for rail communication from Brunswick was broached some time in 1833. No serious attempt toward anything of the soj't was inaugurated, however, until 1835. 'I'hat year the legislature incorporated Elijah P. Pike, Nathaniel Davis, Alfred J. Stone, Charles Stetson, Eoger Merrill, Jordan Woodward, Benjamin Pennell, John S. Cushing, and Solomon P. Cushman and their asso- ciates, successors, and assigns, " into a body politic and corporate" by the name of the Brunswick Railroad Company. This company was authorized " to locate and construct a railroad from the Andros- coggin River, near Brunswick village, to some navigable waters of Casco Bay, with one or more branches," and were invested with all the necessary powers to carry their intention into effect. 1 his corpo- ration met June 4th of that year, and adopted a code of by-laws, and 326 HISTORY OF BHVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. elected their officers. The road, however, was never laid out, and no other meeting of the company is known to have been held. The first railroad to enter Brunswick was the Kennebec and Port- land, which was incorporated in 1836, and was soon after snrvej'ed. In 1845 the time of building was extended ten years, and of locating, five years. On May 1, 1845, the corporators met and chose a com- mittee to confer with a committee of the Bath and Portland Railroad Companj^, which had been incorporated a short time previovisly. The result of the conference was a union of the two roads. On August 6th, of this year, a citizens' meeting was held at the Baptist Church, Maine Street, Brunswick, " to adopt measures in relation to the Port- land, Bath, and Augusta Railroad." Honorable R. P. Dunlap was chosen chairman, and John D. Coburn, secretary. Speeches in favor of the road were made by the chairman, and by George Evans, of Gardiner, and P. Sheldon, and a committee was chosen to present subscription papers to the citizens. The town of Brunswick, in 1850, voted to loan its credit, to aid in the completion of this road, to the amount of $75,000. The same year Topsham voted to loan its credit for the same purpose to the amount of $30,000. The first work upon the railroad, near Brunswick, was commenced in 1847. In March, 1849, Mr. John S. Gushing was called by the directors of the Kennebec and Portland Railroad to take charge of the grounds now occupied by the depot of the Maine Central Railroad Company, and prepare them for the use of the former company ; to provide wood and materials for the construction of the road, which was then in pro- cess of building ; and to paj' the gravel-train men, and others in the employ of the company. On the ninth of June, 1849, a locomotive steam-engine entered Brunswick for the first time. On the fourth of July, 1849, the track having been laid from Bath to Yarmouth, it was decided to put on a train of gravel cars, and with the first engine, the " Kennebec," and with such accommodations as could be prepared, to run the train back and forth between Bath and Yarmouth for the day, giving every one who desired it a " free ride." Though the train was composed chiefly of dump-cars, and the passengers probably paid for their ride in the discomfort attending it, yet it was to them a new and gratifying experience, and such was the delight of the public that many urged the directors to commence running a passenger train at once. To this request the directors acceded, and without any preparation of books, blanks, or tariffs, the train was put on the fifth of July, and continued to run regularly, carrying passengers STAGISS, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION; ETC. 327 « to Yarmouth, and there transferring them to the cars of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Eailroad for Portland. This sudden and unprepared-for event cast a good deal of labor and responsibility upon Mr. Gushing, who at once had tickets printed at the office of Mr. GriflSn, for the four stations. In addition to this, freight began to flow on the road, and Mr. Cushing^was in- structed to fix such rates as he thought proper on all merchandise as it came in. Mr. Joseph McKeen was the first treasurer of the road, and it was by his request that Mr. Gushing did whatever was necessary to meet the emergencies as they arose, and collect all moneys from ticket sales and conductors, and return to him. Thus Brunswick became sud- denly a place of importance as the headquarters of the Kennebec and Portland Eailroad Gompany, and as the place where the first impulse was given to the trains of this road. The fares between the stations of the Kennebec and Portland Road and Portland were adjusted on the presumption that the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Gompany (now the Grand Trunk) would gladly receive so large a contribution of passengers at the same rate, twenty-five cents each, at which they transported stage passengers from Yarmouth to Port- land. This amount the agent of the Kennebec and Portland Companj- added to the price of their tickets to Yarmouth, for all Portland pas- sengers. Upon settlement with the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Gom- pany, at the close of the month of Julj"^, they claimed thirty-five cents, which was their local fare from Yarmouth to Portland, on all passen- gers coming over the Kennebec and Portland Road. They consented, however, to deduct one Jialf cent from each ticket issued by the latter company, obliging them to pay thirty-four and a half cents on each passenger to Portland, although they had only received twenty-five cents each for that portion of the route. This action of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Company was received with great indignation bj' the directors of the Kennebec and Portland Gompany. Two members each said that they would be one among ten to build a new road from Yarmouth to Portland, and it was in consequence of the unjust ad- vantage thus taken of their necessities that the road was built about two years subsequently. This, however, was not the only disagree- ment between the two companies. The directors of the Kennebec and I'ortland Gompany solicited the other company to put down a third rail, and allow their trains (of a difl'erent gauge) to run on that road to Portland. This the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Gompany, speaking through their engineer, declared impracticable. After the new road 328 msroRY of Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. was contracted for, however, they offered to give -this accommodation, but were told, in reply, that it was then "impracticable." 'Ihus the short-sighted policy of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Company's directors was the cause of the building of the new road into Port- land. i Included in the purchase of the depot lot was a small, one-story, unfinished wooden building, which stood near Maine Street. This was hastily fitted up with ladies' and gentlemen's rooms, and a ticket-office between the two. The L was used for a baggage-room. The ac- commodations for passengers were small and poorly arranged. The building stood much nearer Maine Street than the present one. After the second depot was built, the first one was moved over to the north, next to the building once occupied by Isaac Center, and, at a later date by Mr. Poland, and was occupied by Ezekiel Thompson, the first baggage-master. It is still owned bj' the railroad companj* and leased by them as a dwelling. At the time the first depot was prepared, John S. Cushing acted as station agent, and George French as switch- man. This was the force as organized at Brunswick, which was the headquarters of the road at that time. The first engine went over the railroad bridge across the Andros- coggin, below the falls, on the thirteenth of December, 1850, and cars ran to Augusta not long afterwards. The Topsham depot was erected in 18,50-51. The first large depot in Brunswick was finished in July, 185.5. It was one hundred and sixty feet in length and about one hundred feet in width, including the two wings, the main body of the building being sixty feet in width, with a height of fifty-two feet to the ridge- pole. Three tracks ran through it. The north wing was divided into a ticket-office, with public waiting-rooms for gentlemen and ladies on either side, a refreshment-room, and a baggage-room. Space was also left for a stairway into the upper story of the building, where it was intended to have some of the office rooms of- the company. The south wing was used for freight. This depot was burned in 1867. The present building was erected soon after. It is much larger now than it was originall}', having received additions several times since its erection. Until 1870 there were but two tracks running through the depot, and the southern side of the building, where the third track is now, was used for the freight department. The freight-oflSee 1 This matter, though rather beyond the scope of this History, is introduced here as a matter of interest to our citizens, and because it has never before appeared in print. STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, ETC. 321) and telegraph-office- were in the southeastern corner. The waiting- rooms, refreshment-room, and tieket-offlce were small and inconven- ient. In 1870 the present freight depot was built, and the passenger depot was enlarged and improved. Since then the refreshment-saloon and the ticket-office have been still further improved. In the latter part of 1849, Mr. Gushing was taken into the office of Treasurer McKeen as book-keeper, in the place of Mr. George F. Dunning, who removed to Philadelphia. In 1851, Mr. McKeen resigned his treasurer ship, and Mr. A. H. Oilman, of Portland, was elected ; and in the following year the treas- urer's office was removed to Augusta, where Mr. Gushing was contin- ued as general ticket agent and freight accountant until 1857, when he was elected treasurer. In this capacity he has been continued through the different organizations of Portland and Kennebec and Maine Gentral Railroad Gompanies to the present time, — a period of twenty years. The length of the Kennebec and Portland Railroad was twenty-four miles in 1849, and that of the Maine Central in 1871 was three hundred and fifty-five miles. ^ The Lbwiston and Topsham Raileoad Compant was formed about 1853, with Francis T. Purinton, of Topsham, as its president. A road between these two places was surveyed but never laid out, and the company failed to do anything. This company was, however, the forerunner of the Androscoggin Railroad, work on which was com- menced in 1860, and the first trains on which ran regularly in October, 1861. As illustrative of the difference in travel between the present and former times, it maybe stated that in 1819, the time of travel between Brunswick and Boston was ordinarily three days, the very quickest being two and a half days, and the expense attending a tiip was twelve dollars. Now, the time required is but six hours, and the expense three dollars and a quarter. Then there was one stage dailj- in each direction, passing through Brunswick. For a number of years after the railroad went into operation, there was but one passenger train a day each way, and the trains seldom had more than two pas- senger cars and a baggage car. At the same time a thrice-weekly freight train, each way, was all that was required. Now, four passenger trains each way are run on the main line, with 1 For most of the facts given in the foregoing account we are indebted to Mr. Gushing, whose connection with this road from its first inception up to the present time renders his statements entitled to the fullest credence. 330 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL from two to eight cars in each, and there are two regular freight trains each way daily, besides almost dailj- extra trains. In addition to these trains, there are on the Bath branch six trains daily, each way, includ- ing freight trains, and on the Lewiston branch there are four trains each way daily, including freight trains. NAVIGATlOlsr. In the very earliest times, before the era of stages or even of the introduction of horses to this region, before roads were even thought of, the travel was conducted exclusively bj' means of boats! and vessels. The pioneer settlers alwaj's located themselves at or near the head of some navigable stream. It should be remembered that in those times the streams were all undammed and were all of them navigable for much larger craft than at present. Large vessels might then come to the foot of the falls of the Pejepscot without difficulty, and it was even possible to tow boats over the rapids. i The earliest provision made for a boat of any size for use in this vicinity was in 1716. At a meeting of the proprietors, held February 21, of that year, it was voted, " That a proper boat be provided by Messrs. Minot & Watts with sails, oars, etc."^ The intention of this vote may have been to furnish a boat for travel upon the river, but as the proprietors soon after purchased a sloop called the Pejaid to have been the first person ever baptized by immersion in Brunsioick. ^Massachusetts Special Laws, I, p. 529. ECCLESIASTICAL lUSTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 37!) On Marcli 10, William Swauton, Jr., John Lowell, Otis Little, Patrick Murray. On March 12, Joseph West, James Wakefield. On March 14, John Whitmore, James Mitchell, Eliphalet Lowell, William S. Crocker, Samuel Lumber, Joseph Lumber, Birduck Berrj-, Thomas Mitchell. On March 16, John McFarlan, John Eneos, Patrick Williams, Thomas Williams, John Williams, Joshua Williams, John Campbell, John Lemont, Stephen Combes, Stephen Combes, Jr., Thomas Combes, John Holbrook, John Sprague, Simeon Higgins, Jacob Low, James Low, Zedoc Lincoln, William Marshall, William Marshall, Jr. On March 17, William Jackson, Edward Oliver, Christopher Daley. On March 18, Samuel Uavis, James Davidson, Samuel Todd, Simeon Tumor, Charles Lincoln, Jonathan Eyon, Benjamin Brown, Jr., Eliphalet Brown, David Coultson, Patrick Grace, Natlianiel Springot, John Sinclair, i In 1798 the town voted " to allow the Baptist Society their extraor- dinary expense in the lawsuit between them and the other society in this town," which was to be in full of all demands. The object of this suit is nowhere stated, but the record of the Court of Common Pleas shows that at the October term of Court in 1795, "Samuel Woodward of Brunswick in the County of Cumberland, Clerk and Teachei- of Piety, Rehgion and Morality," brought a suit against the inhabitants of Brunswick, one of whom was Thomas Thompson, a deput}- sheriff, in a plea of the case that the inhabitants were indebted to the said Woodward in the sum of £10 17s. 6d. The plaintiff failed to recover, and costs were awarded to the defendants for nine- teen dollars and eightj'-sis cents. The plaintiff appealed to a higher court. This was probably the lawsuit referred to, though we cannot be certain about the matter, since the original papers cannot be found. It is probable that there was an assessment of taxes made by the town, which was also the First Parish, upon property of some kind, to sustain preaching, and the suit was instituted bj' this societ}' to obtain its share of the amount collected. In 1799, Philip Owen, William Dunning, Daniel Brown, Judah Chase, Samuel Dunlap, J(,siah Simpson, Anthony Woodside, Michael Grows, and Joseph Boss withdrew from this society and formed one at Maquoit. 1 Pejepscot Papers. 380 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The meeting-house of the Brunswick, Harpswell, and Bath society was at New Meadows. The date of its erection, according to the inscription upon the present building, was about 1800. The records of this church are in existence, but we have not been able to procure the loan of them and are therefore unable to give smx further account of it. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF BRUNSWICK. [1799. J A small number of persons having been led to embrace " Believers' Baptism," thought it might conduce to the glor}- of God and their comfort to be embodied together in church order. They therefore applied to the church in North Yarmouth and the church in Harpswell, of the Baptist order, for their assistance. Agreeably with this request the elders and messengers from those churches, together with Elder Williams, met at the Baptist meeting-house at Maquoit, on the second week in September, 1799. Elder Woodward preached a ser- mon in the forenoon on the nature of church order. The brethren and sisters who met to be embodied were examined with regard to their articles of faith and covenant, and it appearing that thej' had adopted the same which is embraced hy the Bowdoin- ham. Association, a summary of which is printed in their minutes, the council decided to give them the hand of fellowship as a distinct Bap- tist church. The names of those thus embodied were, Judah Chase, Samuel IJunlap, William Stanwood, Sarah Woodside, Philip Owen, Mrs. Ross, wife of William Ross, and J. Merrill. Mr. Merrill was dismissed from the Bowdoin church and the others from the Harpswell church in order to form this new church in Brunswick. William Woodside was baptized, and then the church made choice of Samuel Dunlap as deacon. Elder Williams having for some time preached to the Baptist society in Brunswick and in Topsham, they mutually requested him to remove his residence among them and preach for the two societies alternately. The invitation was accepted, and he moved with his family to Brunswick, Januarj' 24, 1800, preaching half the time for the Baptist society in Brunswick, and half for the Baptist society in Topsham. On the fifteenth of April, 1800, an arrangement was made by which Elder Williams should preach for the ensuing year for the socie- ties of Brunswick and Topsham, each societj^ paying one hundred dollars for his services. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 381 In April, 1801, Elder Williams was engaged to preach for the Brunswicli: society alone at a salary of two hundred dollars, and in April, 1802, he. was engaged to supply the pnlpit for another year. In the spring of 1803'he removed to Beverly, Massachusetts, having preached his farewell discourse on the twenty-fourth of April. " After Elder Williams left us, a Brother Kendall providentially fell in here and preached for us." i On the twenty-second of February, 1803, Philip Owen, William Dunning, Daniel Brown, Judah Chase, Samnel Dunlap, Josiah Simp- son, Anthony Woodside, Michael Grows, Joseph Ross, Samuel Stan- wood, AVilliam Woodside, Andrew Blake, Abraham Toothaker, Wil- liam Starbird, David Curtis, James Stanwood, Adam Woodside, David Dunning, Wilham Ross, Frederic French, Xathaniel Chase, James Chase, AVilham Swett, Shimuel Owen, Abner Melcher, William Low, Charles Ryan, Ephraim Hunt, William Lunt, Andrew Dunning, William Hunt, Anthony Chase, Gideon Toothaker, John Given, David Given, and Uriah Elliot were incorporated as the Baptist SociKTY IN Brunswick. The following is a list of the members of the church in 1803 : Deacon Samuel Dunlap, Judah Chase, Philip Owen, John Merrill, Esquire, Wm. AVoodside, Mi-s. Sarah Woodside, Mrs. Ross, wife of Wm. Ross, Abraham Toothaker and his wife, Betsey Owen, Molly Toothaker, Jane Curtiss, M0II3- Merryman, Mr. Browning and Mrs. Browning, Elisha Snow, Jean Dunning, Betsey Alexander, Martha Hunt, Jane Martin, Mrs. Snow, wife of Elisha Snow, Mrs. Brown, wife of Daniel Brown, Sarah Alexander, Mrs. Spafks, Hitty Hasey, Abner Melcher, Nabby Athertou, Katharine Willson, Andrew Blake, Heziah Blake, Pegg^' Stanwood, Ann Chase, and Shimuel Owen. On September 8, 1804, Elder Titcomb, of Portland, at the request of the church and societj', agreed " to minister to them in holy things." This invitation was formally extended by the society on August "29, 1805, and was accepted by him on the first of the following September. On June 2, 1821, Elder Titcomb was dismissed at his own request, and received a letter of recommendation to other churches. The church was destitute of a settled pastor for some time, but had occa- sional preaching from Elder Titcomb and others. On January 23, 1822, Benjamin Titcomb, Jr., was ordained, the churches in Topsham, Portland, North Yarmouth, Bath, Harpswell, and Fi'eeport assisting. On November 1 1 of the same year a com- ^AU of this account is from the church and parish records. 382 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, ANB HARPSWELL. mittee consisting of David Given, John O'Brien, and Ephraim Brown was chosen " to provide a suitable place in the village, and also an- other at Maquoit,! to meet in' the winter for worship, and to take into consideration our present difficult situation in regard to making a selection of a teacher for the present year." On the eleventh of March, 1824, it was voted that Elder Benjamin Titconib continue his labors in the church as usual. On the ninth of August of that year Shimuel Owen, a member of this church, was ordained as an evangelist. In November, a committee was appointed to ascertain the minds of the individual church members as to whether they were satisfied with the labors of Elder Titcomb. It appears from the records that the church had been somewhat divided, and on the sixth of April, 1825, it was A'oted that "this church views with abhorrence and detestation their present state as a church, and feeling desirous to walk together in the faith and fellow- ship of the gospel, we do hereliy unitedly agree to bury Ibrever in oblivion all hardness which we maj- have felt or do now feel in our minds against anj' of our brethren or sisters, and that we will, with the help of the Divine Spirit, freelj- and voluntarily forgive all that may have trespassed against us." Up to this time the whole member- ship of the church was about one hundred and fifty.® On the tenth of April the following members requested to be dis- missed to foi'm themselves into a church, or to join some other church, and the request was granted : — Aaron Dunning, Philip Owen, Catharine H. Putnam, Marj' Hum- phreys, Sarah Owen, Margaret Donahue, Elizabeth Gould, Nancy Swift, Elizabeth Dunning, Mary Blake, Mary Chase, Betsey Petingill, and Sarah Stanwood. At the same meeting the church refused to grant permission to two of its members to withdraw and join the church of the Second Society, and a committee was chosen to prepare a statement of facts relative to the conduct of the other church since its formation. On the twenty-sixth of June. 1826, a petition was addressed to Peter O. Alden, Esquire, a justice of the peace, requesting him to issue his warrant to one of the subscribers, directing him to call a meeting of those persons who were desirous of being incorporated into a religious society, to be called the First Baptist Religious Society of Brunswick. 1 y/sCT'e was no chimney in the Maquoit meeting-hoiise, and there was therefore no way of healinrj it. 2 Millet. ECCLESIASTIOAL HISTORY OF BnVNSWICK. 383 In accordance with this petition, Esquire Alden issued his warrant to Ephraim Brown, directing him to call a meeting of the petitioners on the eighth day of Julj'. 1826. At this meeting the society was organized by the clioice of the following officers : — John Brown, moderator ; Jonathan Snow, clerk ; David Given, John Brown, and Captain John Given, Jr., assessors; David Given, col- lector and treasurer ; John Brown, David Given, Ephraim Brown, and Samuel Given, standing committee; Ephraim Brown, William H. Morse, William James, wardens ; Nathaniel Melcher, sexton. This organization was virtually the same as that incorporated in 1803 as the " Baptist Society in Brunswick." Many of its members had withdrawn and had established themselves as a society in the village, called the " Second Baptist Society." It is quite probable that the officers of the old society were among those who seceded, and being thus left without an organization, the remaining members applied to a justice of the peace under the laws of Maine, for authority to reorganize under a slightly- different name. In Jnl3- the society voted to raise two hundred dollars for the ensu- ing j'ear. On September, 1826, the churches of the First and Second Societies met to discuss their differences. The church of the First Societj- claimed that the other church had no right to admit as members those who were excluded from the former, until they had been restored to fellowship and regularly dismissed b}' it. The church of the Second Society claimed that they had a right to admit such members, so long as the other church had nothing against the Christian character of these individuals. No agreement was reached between the two. In November, Adam W^ilson was invited to preach one half the time. On January 8, 1827, it was voted to join in fellowship with the Second Church, which had acknowledged some irregularities in receiv- ing members who were excluded from the First Church. On February 23, Elder Benjamin Titcomb asked permission to preach to those of the society who resided in the village, or to hold meetings in that part of the town, and it was voted " that it is the opinion of this church that Elder Titcomb is at liberty to preach any- where in this town where he views it to be his duty." In April some of the members of the old society complained that many members absented themselves and attended Mr. Titcomb's meeting in the vil- lage instead of their own. It had been the practice for some years to hold the meetings of the society in the village in the winter, and at the old meeting-house at 384 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, 'JOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. Maquoit in the summer. This j'ear, on June 1, the village members requested that the meetings might continue in the village through the summer, but it was voted not to do so. A few daj's later thirteen members petitioned for liberty to attend meeting in the village, as it would be more convenient for them, but their request was not granted. In October, Elder Titcomb asked a dismissal, which was granted him, and also to Mary, his wife, and to Elizabeth Titcomb, Ephraim Brown, and Rebecca, his wife, Thomas Stanwood and wife, Thomas Noycs, Joanna Moore, and Marj^ R. Dunlap ; and on the third of November, Joshua Bishop, David Wilson, William Randall, Marj' Perkins, Patience Bishop, James Wilson, Isabelle Merryman, and Ruth Skol- field, of Harpswell, were dismissed to form a church in that town. On January 4, 1828, a resolution was passed that Elder Titcomb, Ephraim Brown, John O'Brien, and others, " having asked dismission for the purpose of uniting with some other church, and having joined the First Church at Bath, and under their patronage have established a meeting in the village while there is already one church of this faith there, causes us grief, and we feel in duty bound to express disfellow- ship with such a procedure." During the summer of this year, thirty-eight were added to the church. In consequence of the action of the First Baptist Church in Bath in sustaining the new movement in Brunswick village, a council was held February 29, 1829, to settle the difficulties between that church and . the First Baptist Church in Brunswick, but the action of the council is not recorded. On May 31, however, the Bath church sent a confes- sion of their wrong-doing in having set up a branch church in Bruns- wick without consultation with the churches already existing there. This action of the Bath church evidently- reconciled this church to the formation of the new one in the village, for on October 11, Jonathan Snow and Thomas Ward were chosen delegates to assist in organizing the branch of the Bath church, known as the Federal Street Church, in Brunswick, into an independent church. The pulpit of the Maquoit or First Baptist Church had been sup- plied during the past three years by Elders Samuel Mariner, Adam Wilson, Shimuel Owen, and Henry Randall. ^ On May 22, 1830, it was agreed to try to raise money by subscrip- tion for the support of the gospel. On the twentieth of August, 1831, it was voted that Elder John 'Millett. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BliUNSWICK. 385 Bailey, formedy of Wiscasset, take the pastoral care of the church. He resigned his pastorate in June, 1833. Elder William Johnson became pastor of the church in 1836, and continued in that capacity until 1840. In July, 1836, Elder Noah Norton and wife were received by letter from the Baptist Church in Bowdoin. In 1838 the parish voted to raise by tax one hundred and fifty dollars for the ensuing j-ear's expenses. In April, 1840, it was voted to engage Elder Noah Norton, and to raise one hundred and fifty dollars by tax, and fifty dollars by sub- scription. It was voted this j'ear that all pew-owners should give up their pews, and that thereafter they should all be free. On Maj- 1, 1841, it was voted to build a new meeting-house, and that it should stand on the west side of the twelve-rod road, near the road leading to Harpswell ; and Captain William Stanwood, Jonathan Snow, Jacob Skolfield, and William Stanwood, 2d, were chosen a building committee. Although there is nothing further upon the sub- ject in the records, it is known that instead of building a new meeting- house, the one on Federal Street, belonging to the Universalists, was, about 1846, purchased and moved to a lot near the junction of the old Harpswell and Mair Point roads, and it was thereafter known as the " Forest Church." From 1841 to 1845, Elder Norton was annualh^ chosen preacher. Elder Joseph Hutchinson was chosen pastor in 1848, and in 1852 was dismissed at his own request. Meetings seem to have been held in the j-ears 1853, 1858, and 1866, but there is no record of any settled pastor, or of any impor- tant transactions. On May 19, 1867, Grenville M. Atkins was invited to become their pastor, and accepted the invitation. He was ordained June 13, 1867. He preached a few days over a year, resigning his charge on May 31, 1868. Since then there has been no settled pastor of this church. The last entry in the records is dated April 29, 1867, and is to the effect that the parish met on that day and reorganized, and voted " to raise all we can for the support of the gospel." Connected with the history of this church is the following anecdote which is told of W^illiam Woodside. He became " converted" under the preaching of Elder Potter, and at one of the meetings related his " experience," and, as was the custom in those days, he had much to say derogatory of himself. He was in reality a very good man, but in his remarks he called himself a bad man, one who was wholly evil, 26 386 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARFSWELL. whose everj- act was wicked, and whose imaginations were all vain. When he sat down, a relative arose and with becoming gravitj' said that he could vouch for the truth of all William had said ! SECOI^D BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY. On Tuesday, Maj- 5, 1825, a church was regularly constituted in this place, agreeably to the Baptist platform, by a council assembled for the purpose, under the title of the " Second Baptist Church in Bruns- wick.'' The council consisted of delegates from eight churches, who were ananimouslj- agreed in giving the right hand of fellowship. The records of this church have not been found, and it is not positively known who were its members. It is probable, however, that Aaron Dunning, Philip Owen, Catharine H. Putnam, Mary Humphreys, Sarah Owen, Margaret Donahue, Elizabeth Gould, Kancy Swift, Elizabeth Dunning, Mary Blake, Mary Chase, Betsey Pettingill, Sarah Stan wood, Ileman Pettingill, and Stanwood Dunning were among the first mem- bers All of these persons were previously members of the First Baptist Church, and were dismissed from that church on the tenth of April of that year in order " to form themselves into a church, or to join some other church." The Second Baptist Society was not formed for a year later. In 1826 a meeting-house was erected on School Street. Elder Shimuel Owen was pastor of this society from 1827 until it dissolved, in 1840.1 'fjje building was then sold to the Congregationalists, and has been used by them ever since as a vestry. FEDERAL STREET BAPTIST SOCIETY. In 1828, Elder Benjamin Titcomb, Ephraim Brown, John O'Brien, and a few other members of the First Baptist Society, asked and received dismission from that church and united with the First Baptist Church of Bath, under whose patronage they established meetings in the village of Brunswick. iS^otwithstanding there was at the same time another Baptist societj- in the village (the Second Baptist) , and notwithstanding the opposition made toward this new movement hy the First Baptist Societj', it was successful, and in 1829 it was organ- ized as a church. In April, work was begun upon a meeting-house, and the building was completed on the twelfth of the followmg Sep- tember. It was situated on Fedeial Street, at the corner of what is now Franklin Street. ^ This church, it is said, was under the pastoral ' Millet. "^ It is now the Catholic Church. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 387 care of Elder Titcomb during the whole period of its existence. Tt was dropped from the association of Baptist churches in 1839. No records of the church having been found, we are unable to give a more complete and accurate sketch. MAINE STREET BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY. In the earlj' part of 1840 a ver}^ extensive revival took place in Topsham and Brunswick. In October, twenty-four persons from the church in Topsham, who resided in Brunswick, were organized into a church. The society was formed in the same year, and a meeting- house, containing seventy-five pews, was erected on Maine Street, a few rods north of Lincoln Street.' The Reverend Paul S. Adams, from South Berwick, was the first pastor, from .January 3, 1841, to 1843. He was succeeded bj^ Reverend Dudley C. Haynes, whose pastorate lasted between two and three j-ears. Reverend John Hubbard, Jr., was chosen pastor January, 1846, at a salary of two hundred dollars per annum. His pastorate ended Oc- tober 4, 18.51. Reverend J. W. Coburn was pastor from March 15, 1852, until June 2, 1853 ; and in November of the latter year he was succeeded by the Reverend Charles Aj-er, who remained until Septem- ber 1, 1856. Reverend E. Andrews, an evangelist, then supplied the pulpit for a few months, and was succeeded bj- the Reverend James D. Reid, in October, 1857. In 1859, Reverend Charles Aj-er again sup- plied the pulpit. In June, 1860, the Reverend George Knox was installed as pastor of the societj'. In June, 1861, Mr. Knox was granted a leave of absence to act as chaplain of a Maine regiment, and Reverend S. W. Taylor was engaged to supply the pulpit during his absence. The former was discharged from his pastorate, at his own request, November 17, 1S61. He was afterward killed by a fall from his horse. In 1862, Reverend T. J. B. House was chosen pastor, and remained with the society three years. In 1865, Reverend C. M. Herring was chosen pastor. During his pastorate a vestry was built and the meeting-house was repaired and remodelled. Mr. Herring resigned his pastorate July 26, 1868, and was suc- ceeded, the next spring, by Reverend S. W Emerson, who remained but one year. Reverend B. F. Lawrence became pastor in June, 1870, and ' The present Baptist Church. 388 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. remained for four j-ears. Reverend E. S. Small, the present pastor, began his pastorate Febniarj' 20, 1876. The foregoing sketch of this parish is made from notes furnished b_y the parish clerk. It is not so full as could be wished, but is as com- plete as possible from the notes fnrnished. SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. There has never been anj' organized society of Friends in Biuns- wiek, but about 1772 several Quakers moved into town and settled not far from the line between Brunswick and Durham. Some of tliem had previously- been living in Harpswell.i Others joined them, and there are now a number of excellent people in the west end of the town who belong to this denomination. Their meeting-house is in the town of Durham, and thej' belong to the societj' of that town. FREE-WILL BAPTIST SOCIETIES. About 1793, Elder Pelatiah Tinglej^ of Waterboro', formerlj- of Sanford, began, with others, to hold religious meetings in Brunswick. These meetings were usually held at the house of William Alexander.* About 1799 the First Free-Will Baptist Society, or as it was some- times called, the " Christian Church in Brunswick and Freeport," was formed. The first church meeting was held at James Elliot's on October 23. The members were Obadiah Curtis, Adam Elliot, Wil- liam Alexander, Anthony Morse, Joseph Ward, John Coombs, Susan- nah Morey, Hannah and Margaret Coombs. In 1807 the records state that there was considerable contention in the church, but the cause thereof is not given. On August 27, of this j'ear, the church numbered forty members. In 1809 there was a " considerable want of union and many backsliders." In 1810 the church was more prosperous, and manj' converts were made. This j-ear their meeting-house was built. It was a one-story building, and was situated near Noah Melcher's, on the old Freeport road. It was, it is'said, the second meeting-house of this denomina- tion in the State. In 1813, on December 16th, Elder Adam Elliot, who had been set- tled about August, 1803, died, and the pulpit became vacant. In 1816, Elder George Lamb was settled. The whole number of mem- bers up to June 1, 1817, was one hundred and fifty. On Maj' 2, 1818, a division occurred in the church, on the question ^ Pejqiscot Papers. '' Stewart's Free-Will Baptists. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 380 of washing of feet after the manner of the earl}' disciples, and a few members withdrew because the rite was not observed. On Februarj- 22, 1823, owing to the small number of members and the low state of interest existing, the society was declared dissolved. On January 17, 1826, the church was reorganized by a committee from the Quarterly Meeting. The first meeting after the reorganization was held on the fourth of February. On November 14, 1827, the Union Meeting- House at "Growstown" was finished, and the future meetings of this society were held in it. In 1831, June 25, the church voted to use a bass-viol with their singing. A resolve to use no ardent spirits, except as a medicine, was passed at this meeting. On February 22, 1834, it was voted to deal with all church members who had taken the pledge of temperance and had violated it. Elder Lamb resigned his pastorate on September 2.5, 1835. He died in Brunswick, December 14, 1836, having served as pastor nineteen years. August 12, 1837. Elder Andrew EoUins was received as pastor of the church. The whole number of members, between 1826 and 1839, was one hundred and ninetj"- three. On Ma}^ 16, 1840, it was voted to increase Elder Rollins's salary from three hundred to three hundred and fiftj' dollars. February 20, 1841, it was voted to recognize singing as a means of worship, and to make regulations in regard to the same. On July 22, 1842, Amos Lunt, Amos Lunt, Jr., Thomas Coombs, George Cobb, and Phineas Collins were dismissed, to organize the Freeport and Brunswick Church. On June 30, Elder Ezra Crowell was ordained. June 8, 1844, Elder E. G. Eaton was elected as pastor. He was dismissed February 12, 1847. During the latter year Elder E. F. Page officiated. On February 12, 1848, Elder Alraon Libby was settled. He was dismissed February 14, 1852, and in May of that j-ear Elder Rollins was again settled. The whole number of mem- bers up to 1851 was three hundred and sixty-eight, of which two hundred and twenty-five were females. February 12, 1853, the church repealed the old covenant and adopted the Mw Test'cment as a covenant. On September 20, 1856, Elder D. Waterman was settled. In 1859, Elder Chancy was settled over the church, but his pastorate was a short one, as he resigned in the Octo- ber following. On February 16, 1860, Elder Hutchinson was settled. Thio Feee Baptist Society of Brunswick Village was originally composed of members of the church at Topsham who resided in Brunswick, and who, on account of the distance, resolved to form a church of their own. 390 msTonr of Brunswick, tupsbam, and harpswell. The first sermon was delivered in McLellan Hall, by Reverend Doctor Graham. No step had at that time been taken to form a soci- et}', though the matter had been somewhat discussed. On the evening of October 25, 186.5, five men met at the house of Mr. Ezeldel Thompson to form a society. Church officers were appointed to serve six months, and on the next Sabbath Reverend A. H. Heath, then of Bates College Theological School, was invited to preach at the Good Templars' Hall. The Sunday school was organized at the second meeting of the societj', November 5, 1866. Mr. Heath continued to preach until the spring of 1876, when he returned to his studies at the Theological School, and Reverend E. C. B. Hallam, a returned missionarj', was engaged to preach in his stead. Ou the afternoon of April 12, 1866, a council of ministers met at McLellan Hall, — to which place the society had moved its meetings, — to formally organize the church. Fortj' persons, including fi^■e con- verts, composed the societj- at this time. The council approved the course that had been taken, accepted the letters of recommendation that were presented, and extended the right hand of fellowship to the new society. Mr. Hallam was then installed as pastor. On the third of June following, the first communion service was held. Mr. Hallam was requested by the Missionary Board to return to India, and in con- sequence of his acquiescence, he was obliged to preach his farewell sermon on Sunday eve, November 11. In 1867, Reverend S. D. Church was called to the pulpit, and preached for two years. During his pastorate eleven persons wei'e received into the church. Reverend W. F. Smith commenced to preach to this society on August 22, 1869. The church at that time had sixty-five meipbers and a growing congregation. Upon the com- pletion of Lemont Hall, in 1870, the majority of the society desired to occupj' it, and it was accordinglj- engaged for the Sabbath services. This change of place met with earnest opposition, however, from a few members, who refused to enter the new hall and withdrew their support to the society. Consequently, upon the eighth of June, nine persons, including both deacons, were excluded from church member- ship. During Mr. Smith's pastorate fortj'-three persons were added to the church by baptism or by letter. On November 30, 1872, the resignation of Reverend Mr. Smith was accepted. He was succeeded by Reverend H. P. Lamprey, who preached for one year, then bj' Doctor Heath, of Hallowell. The time of the latter was divided between two churches and the practice of medicine. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 391 In the early part of 1875, Reverend B. M. Edwards, the present pastor, was settled. The society had for some time desired a house of worship, and in 1874 a lot of laud upon O'Brien Street was purchased for the site of one. In the autumn of 1875 the building was com- menced. The vestrj- on the lower floor was finished before the middle of the following summer, and on the ninth of July, 1876, the first ser- mon in the new house was preached by Mr. Edwards. It was owing largely to the efforts of the pastor that the building was erected. This church in its first years was unfortunate in losing many of its leading members bj' death, among whom were Deacon Dresser, Mr. Ezekiel Thompson, and Mrs. Smiley. "Aunt Smilej'," as she was called, had prayer-meetings at her house for more than thirty years, and when this society was formed, their weekly prayer-meetings were held there until after her death. Mr. Thom^DSon was elected a deacon after Mr. Dresser died, and served faithfully up to the time of his own decease. Deacon Dresser was one of the most active members in forming the society and was alwa3-s zealous in its support. A good degree of religious interest has always been kept up in this societ}', and the church shared largely in the revival work of the past winter. There are now one hundred and twenty-nine members. The Sunday school has been well supported, and there are now connected with it nine teachers and one hundred and thirty scholars. '^ TJNIVERSALIST AND UNITARIAN SOCIETIES. The records of the Universalist Society, previous to its uniting with the Unitarians in 1850, having been lost or destroyed, a per- fectly accurate history of the society is impossible. It is believed, however, that the following sketch is substantially correct, and it is as complete as could be made from the material at our disposal. The first movement toward sustaining Universalist preaching here was made in the j'ear 1812. The nature of that movement is best shown by the following agreement, the original of which is now in the possession of Mr. Harvey Stetson, son of the Harvey Stetson who is named in the agreement : — " Brunswick, January 20tli, 1812. " We, -whose names are here under written, Do Profess to believe in the Doctrine of Universal Salvation by our 'Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ : And feeling it our Duty as well as our privilege and 1 For the particulars of the foregoing sketch, we are indabled to the pastor and to the parish clerk. 392 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. highest happiness to worship the one living and true God in Christ Jesus : Do hereby agree and enter into Solemn Covenant to assemble together as a Religious Society on the Sabbath as often as we can conveniently to worship the most high God : And that we will pay our proportion towards the expense of procuring a convenient place for convening together for publick and social Worship : and for the support of Publick Teachers of Piety, Eeligion and Christian Morality in our Society : " Lemuel Swift Dean Swift Jonathan Eastman NathV Badger James Meeeill Haevey Stetson James Caey Edward Raymond James Jones James Maxwell Robert Eastman Edward Welch E. H. Goss Phineas Taylor James Gary Jr. Iea Fuller Roger Merrill Joseph Kimball Elijah Hall John Lee John Marston Edmund Prady Abnee Pratt Solomon Gray Benj. Stephens Reed Welch John Gray Burt Townsend Abnee A. Kelley Allen Wing. Stephen Lennox 31 " They were incorporated in October of that year as the First Universal Christian Society in Brunswick. Mr. Dean Swift is probably the only one of the signers of the foregoing paper who is now living. Soon after this agreement was made, arrangements were made with the Reverend Thomas Barnes, of Norwaj^ to preach here once a month. The meetings were held in Washington Hall. Mr. Barnes came here on Saturday, on horseback, and returned on Monday. After the cotton-mill was built, in 1812-13, he received a good part of his paj^ in cotton yarn, which lie carried home in his saddle-bags. He preached here for, probabl}', a year and a half. Mr. Barnes was called the "Father of Universalism in Maine." He came to Maine from Massachusetts in 1 799 as an itinerant preacher. He was ordained over the united societies of Norwaj-, New Gloucester, Falmouth, and Gray, January 6, 1802. He died in Poland in 1814. Reverend Jacob Wood, of Saco, succeeded Mr. Barnes, preaching here occasionallj^ but for how long a time is uncertain. Probably ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 393 other itinerants visited the place from time to time. In 1 826 , Ee\-erend Sylvanus Cobbi preached here several Sabbaths. On the twenty-seventh of January, 1827, Major Burt Townsend,^ Captain Roger Merrill,^ Captain Joseph IMcLellan,^ Thomas Tay- lor,2 Colonel Andrew Dennison,^ Joshua Lufkin,^ Harvey Stetson,^ James Derby,^ A. C. Raymond, Joseph Lnnt, John L. Swift, and others whose names we cannot ascertain, formed a society under the name of The Univeesalist Society op Brunswick and TOPSHAM. Arrangements were at once made with Reverend Mr. Cobb to preach once in three or four weeks. The meetings were lield in Wash- ington Hall. This engagement continued until February, 1828 (about one year), when it terminated. In April of that 3-ear Reverend Seth Stetson (Father Stetson, as he was called in later jears) came East on a missionary tour, and preached here, for the first time, on Thursday evening, April 17, 1828. On the following Sunday, as he says in his diary, he " preached in a large hall to a good number of men." The next day he went to Tops- ham, where he was the guest of Major William Frost, and in the evening he preached in the court-house. From Topsham he went to Bowdoinham and other places in the vicinity, and soon after returned to Boston, where he then resided. About the first of June following, he received an invitation to remove to Brunswick, and preach in the three towns of Brunswick, Bath, and Bowdoinham, alternatel}-. He accepted the invitation, and on the twenty-second of June, 1828, he preached in Brunswick, and continued to preach there every third Sabbath until Ma3' 10, 1829, when his engagement closed. A meeting-house for this parish was er. eted in 1829. It was situated on Federal Street, directly opposite the present high- school building. Reverend Mr. Stetson was invited to preach in the new meeting-house during the winter, for which he received eight dollars a Sabbath. After the twenty-first of February, 1830, he preached a few Sabbaths for what he could get, a collection being taken up each Sabbath. The amount collected being too small for his necessities, he gave up the field and went on a mis- sionary tour, and in May following removed with his family to Buckfield. ' He ions aftenmrds settled at Maiden, Massachusetts, where he died. He was a prom- inent ulercjyman in the denomination, i Deceased. 394 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. From this time until 1835 tiie Uuiversalists were without preaching, and their meeting-house was occupied by the TJNITABIANS. On the eleventh of December, 1829, a meeting of Unitarians was held, and it was decided to. form a society for the establishment and maintenance of Unitarian preaching in Brunswick. The organiza- tion was effected on the third day of January, 1830, under the title of The Second Congregational Society of Brunswick, i and was composed of twenty -three members, all of whom were avowed Unitarians. No records having been kept, we are unable to give a complete list of the members. Among them, however, were the following: Benjamin Weld, Charles Weld, Governor Dunlap, Professor Henrj^ W. Longfellow, Ebenezer Everett, John Coburn, John S. Gushing, Humphrey Purinton, and Major William Frost. A subscription paper was soon after circulated to raise funds to sup- port preaching. This list numbered fifty-five, and included some Uuiversalists who sympathized with the Unitarians, and were willing to aid in support of Unitarian preaching. The Universalists gave the use of their meeting-house, and in June, 1*^30, the first Unitarian sermon was preached in Brunswick. Reverend Andrew Bigelow was the preacher. From June, 1830, to June, 1835, there was regular Unitarian preaching, but there was not anj' of this time a settled minister. Of those who supplied the pulpit, Mr. Wiswell remained the longest. 2 He preached here from 1832 to 1834, — a little more than two years. The other ministers supplied for a longer or shorter time, vaiy- ing from two to ten or twelve Sundays each. The meetings were well attended, the building being generally well filled, but seldom or never crowded. Professor Longfellow conducted a Bible class for several years, which was largely attended, and which is spoken of by members of the class as having been exceedingly interesting and instructive. 1 Tins society had, however no legal existence. 2 The ministers supplying the pulpit after Mr. Bigelow, were : II. Edes, Allen Put- nam, Caleb Stetson, William Newell, John II. Williams, Alonzo Hill, Sidney Willard, A. B. Muzzey, John, Goldsbury, William D. Wiswell, William A. Whitwell, Jabez Whitman, if. A. Johnson, A. Davis, and Charles A. Farley. ECCLESIASTICAL IlISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 395 A part of the congregation was composed of Topsham people, and after a time the meetings alternated between Brunswick and Topsham to accommodate them. Finally it was agreed between the Universal- ists and Unitarians that the former should maintain preaching in Brunswick and the latter in Topsham. (See sketch of Unitarian soci- etj' of Topsham.) In 1835 the TJNIVERSALISTS Made a third engagement with Eeverend Seth Stetson to supj^ly their pulpits. Accordingly he again removed to Brunswick with his familj', and ever after resided here. His engagement began on the twentj'-eighth of June, 1835, and ended on the twenty- eighth of February, 1836. Early in June, 1836, Eeverend Stephen A. Sneatheu came here from Massachusetts, and preached occasionally during the months of June, July, and August. Eeverend G. M. Quinby, then settled at Yarmouth, also preached here oecasionalty during the same period. On the tenth of August, in this j'ear, Mr. Sneathen entered into an engagement to preach every other Sabbath, a part of the time in Topsham. This arrangement was continued during the remainder of the j^ear. On the twent3--flfth of January, 1837, Mr. Snealhen was ordained, and became the first settled minister of the societj-. lie was a young man, phj-sican3' a cripple, but said to be a speaker of more than ordinary abilitj'. His pastorate ended in the spring of 1838. Mr. Sneathen was succeeded by Eeverend Sidney Turner, whose pastorate commenced in June or Julj', 1838, and lasted until about the first of September, 1840. Father Stetson says of liim in his diary, " He was a young Congregational minister who turned Universalist, but after a year or two he turned back again. He married a minister's widow in Bingham, where he was settled in 1849 " In October, 1840, "Father" Stetson began his fourth and last engagement, preaching every other Sunday until April, 1842. He was succeeded by Eeverend Giles Bailey, i who began a supply of the pulpit in April, 1842. In July he removed here from Winthrop, the place of his first pastorate, and where he '■Now pastor of the Universalixt Church in Reading, Pennsylvania, and to lohom we are indebted for many of the facts contained in this sketch. 396 msTORY OF bruwswick topsham, and haepswell. was ordained. He preached regularly during the j'ear, but was not formallj' installed until January 7, 1843. The installation sermon was preached by Reverend Mr. Gardiner, of Waterville. The pastorate of Mr. Bailey continued until September, 1848, when he resigned to enter upon the duties of the missionary' agency of the Maine Universalist Convention. The society was, during the pastorate of Mr. Bailej', in its most flourishing condition. The officers of the societ}' at that time were Colonel Andrew Dennison, and Anthony Eaj-mond (or "Father" Raymond, as he was called), deacons ; Isaac Center, clerk ; Nathaniel Badger, collector and treasurer. During this pastorate the Mason Street Church was built. It was dedicated in December, 1846. After the resignation of Mr. Bailey the church was without a pastor for several months. Early in the year 1849, Reverend W. C. George was called to the charge. He remained only a year, when the society was again without a pastor. The Universalist Society of Brunswick and the Unitarian Society of Topsham were both at this time in a feeble condition, the result chiefly of deaths and removals. It was therefore proposed to unite the two societies in one organization, to be known as THE MASON STREET EBLIGIOXTS SOCIETY. The necessary arrangements were made, and went into effect on the first Sunday in November, 1850. Reverend Amos D. Wheeler, of Topsham, Unitarian, was the pastor. There was a debt of one thousand dollars upon the house, six hun- dred dollars of which was procured by the pastor from prominent Unitarians in Boston, and the balance was paid by individual sub- scriptions in the society. The engagement of Reverend Doctor Wheeler was for five 3'ears onlv, and the salary was to be raised in- equal proportions b}' the members of the society from the two towns. Doctor Wheeler's engagement was renewed from time to time, so that his services were not discontinued until October 1, 1865, at which time he delivered his farewell discourse, having been appointed by the American Unitarian Association to act in a missionary capaeitj' in the State of Maine. During Doctor Wheeler's pastorate the ladies of this societj" formed an association, the object of which was : — ^^ First, the promotion of kind, social, Christian intercourse and ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 397 feeling among its members and generally throughout the society with which it is connected ; and secondly, to aid in the accomplishment of anj- religious or benevolent purpose from its funds or otherwise as a majority of its members may determine." Doctor Wheeler was succeeded by Reverend William Ellery Cope- land, who was ordained on Thursday, July 26, 1866. The services were as follows : — Introductory' prayer, by Reverend Casneau Palfrej', D. D., of Belfast ; reading of Scripture, by Reverend John Nichols, of Saco ; anthem, by choir; sermon, by Reverend George Putnam, D. D., of Roxbury, Massachusetts ; hjmn ; ordaining praj'er, by Re\erend A. D. Wheeler, D. D. ; charge, bj' Reverend Edward E. Hale, of Boston ; right hand of fellowship, by Reverend Charles C Sal- ter, of West Cambridge, Massachusetts ; address to the people, by Reverend Charles C. Everett, of Bangor; lymn ; benediction, b}- the pastor. Mr. Copeland, like his predecessor, was a Unitarian in his views. The societj-, however, owing to the various causes which usually com- bine to weaken any religious association, became gradually feeble, and as it became so, the Universalist element preponderated. Mr. Cope- land gave good satisfaction while pastor, though he laid himself open to the objection that was made, that he cared more for the temperance cause than he did for the success of this church. He resigned his charge in 1869, and in 1870 Reverend William R. French, a Universal- ist, was chosen to fill his place, and continued as pastor of the society until 1875, when he resigned. During his pastorate Mr. French labored faithfully and well for the interests of the society. Since his resignation no regular services have been held 'by either the Universal- ists or Unitarians. THE UNITARIAN SOCIETY OF BRUNSWICK. This society was legally organized on the fifth day of August, 1874. The incorporators numbered fifty-three. Stephen J. Young, W. B. Purinton, A. G. Poland, Emeline Weld, and Harriet Tebbets were elected a standing committee; Henry W. Wheeler, clerk; A. V. Metcalf, treasurer ; Humphrey Purinton, collector ; H. P. Thompson and Alonzo Day, assessors. A code of by-laws was adopted and a committee chosen to present, at some future time, plans for a chapel suitable for the accommodation of the society, and to take measures to secure a suitable lot. 398 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. In March, 1875, a lot was purchased on the corner of Federal and Pearl Streets for $1,500, the amount having been subscribed by mem- bers of the society. The society has not j-et erected a church edifice, but the organization is maintained. METHODIST EPISCOPAL SOCIETY OF BRUNSWICK. The first Methodist preaching inJBrunswick, of which we ha^•e any account, was in the j'ear 1821. )^t that time Melville B. Cox, while laboring on a circuit approaching within eight miles of this place, came here and, securing the use of the school-house near the colleges, commenced a course of Sunday-evening lectures. His devout appearance and the pathos of his words intei'ested his hearers and soon drew a considerable congregation, among whom were man}' students. One family in the place kindly opened their doors for his entertainment. After he had continued his appoint- ment for some time, he came one Sabbath evening, wearied with the labors of the day and a long ride, from his place of preaching during the day, and called at the house of his host. He saw no signs of any one in the house, and knocked at the door se\'eral times, when at length the man came to the door and said that he was very sorry to inform him that he must turn him awa}' from his house or be turned away himself. The preacher repaired to the place of meeting without a supper, preached his last sermon in Brunswick, and then rode eight mUes to find a lodging ; such was the opposition at that time against the Methodists. In the latter part of 1828, or early in 1829, Reverend William H. Norris, then stationed at Bath, preached a few times in this place, after which meetings were held occasionally by local preachers from Bath. At the Maine Annual Conference, held in Julj', 1829, Rever- end Benjamin Bryant was appointed to the Bath circuit, including the upper part of Bath, New Meadows, and Brunswick. He spent a few Sabbaths in this village and formed a "class" of five members, namely, Mrs. Snowden, Miss Jane Blake, Miss Eunice McLellan, Miss Margaret Todd, and Miss Maria Walker. The last two are still living. The encouragement was so small that the place was abandoned, and at the succeeding Conference the circuit was merged in the Bath station. Soon after the above-mentioned class was formed, two Methodist students entered Bowdoin College (in 1828 and 1829). One of these, John Johnston (afterwards Professor of Natural Science ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORT OF BRUNSWICK. 399 in Wesleyan University), manifested a firm attachment to Metho- dism and cordially identified himself with the humble society at Brunswick. The other, Charles Adams, was a licensed preacher, and preached in the neighborhood of Brunswick as occasion offered during his college course. Under his direction the small class increased in numbers, strengthened by occasional recruits from the college students. In the fall of 1833 the class consisted of about fourteen persons, of whom five were students in college. In the winter of 1834 an arrangement was made with a number of preachers in neighboring towns to supply preaching one half the time on the Sabbath, until the session of the Conference in the following July. The preaching was gratuitous, the society paying the travelling expenses of the minister. At this Conference (1834) an application was made for a preacher to be supported in part by funds of the Missionary Society. But the condition of the funds would not allow such an appropriation. The services of Reverend James Warren, a very acceptable local preacher, were obtained one half of the time. The request for a preacher was renewed the next jear, 1835, and Mr. Warren was appointed to Bow- doinham and Brunswick circuit. In consequence of ill-health, Mr. Warren retired from the circuit in two or three months, and Asahel Moore, who had just graduated at Bowdoin College, and who had al- ways been warmly interested in the society', was engaged to take charge of it and visit it once in two or three weeks, being then engaged in teaching school at Gardiner. Early in the spring of 1836 he closed his school and devoted his whole time to the society in Brunswick. At this time there were about forty members in the society, including seven college students. These meetings were held on the Sabbath in the Congregational conference-room, or in the Universalist meeting-house, which was hired for this purpose. On the sixteenth of April, 1836, Ehphalet S. Bryant, Daniel Smith, Charles Evans, Rufus Rich, Ebenezer Stockbridge, and Albert Mer- rill requested Moses E. Woodman, Esquire, a justice of the peace, to issue a warrant to one of the applicants, directing him to call a meeting of the applicants for the purpose of organizing a rehgious society or parish, by the name of the Methodist Episcopal Society, in Brunswick. The warrrant was issued, and on the twenty-fifth of April the apphcants referred to met at the Baptist Meeting- House on Federal Street, and after appointing Asahel JJoore, 400 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Sandford K. Ballard, Stephen M. Vail, and Samuel G. Lane to be their associates, organized by the choice of Sanford K. Ballard, chairman, and Stephen M. Vail, clerk. A constitution was then adopted, and a board of trustees was elected, consisting of Honor- able Allen F. Cobb, of Durham, John Wilkinson, of Bath, Eben- ezer Moore, of Gardiner, John Moore, of Gardiner, Eliphalet Bryant, of Brunswick, Ephraim Sturdivant, of Cumberland, and Samuel G. Lane, of Brunswick. In September following, the meeting-house on the east side of Federal Street, called the "Baptist Branch Meeting-House," pre^d- ously occupied by the society of which Reverertd Mr. Titcomb was pastor, was bought by the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Society for the sum of 11,900, and the lot upon which the building stood was purchased for fifty dollars additional. In payment the trustees gave notes paj'able at the expiration of one year. Something more than one half the amount was paid during the j'ear, and new notes were given for the balance. On the tenth of January, 1838, the house was paid for, and on the seventeenth of April following the society was entirely free from debt. The whole pecuniary responsibility in the purchase of the meeting- house was assumed by Mr. Sturdivant. Some help was received from abroad, but in order to relieve Mr. Sturdivant from his heavj* burden the parsonage (which had been built mostly bj" the generosity of Thomas Knowlton) was deeded to him, and the debt due to him mostly paid. At the annual Conference, held in August, 1836, the Reverend Mark Trafton was appointed to Brunswick. He remained with the society about three months, and left in the apprehension that he could not receive a support. The society was thus thrown into great dis- couragement. In this emergency the pulpit was supplied by Isaiah McMahoR, a student in college. In 1837, Reverend C. P. Bragdon took charge of the societ)'. His labors were quite successful, and a considerable number were added to the church. From 1838 to 1840, Reverend C. C. Cone was the preacher in charge. His labors were quite successful, and the societj' was increased from seventj'-five to one hundred and twenty-seven. He was succeeded by Reverend A. V. Hillman. During the two years' appointment of this preacher the society was reduced to ninetj'-three members. No cause for this diminution of membership is given in the society's records. In the year 1842, Reverend Asahel Moore was appointed to Bruns- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 401 wick. The societ}^ was laboring under great embarrassment from its feebleness, but was considerably improved under the labors of Mr. Moore, there being one hundred and fifteen members at the close of his two years' labor. Reverend Cornelius Stone was the preacher in charge in 1844. A few conversions occun-ed during the year, but the number of deaths and removals was more than sufficient to offset the gain. In 1845, Reverend Daniel Fuller was appointed to Brunswick. During the second year of his labors his health broke down and he did not long survive. His last sermon was preached in January, 1857, his subject being the Eternal World. He was a good preacher and a faithful pastor. His successor. Reverend John W. True, was appointed at the Con- ference held in Saco the same year. The church at this time was much enfeebled by removals and in consequence of being deprived of their pastor most of the year. The pastor was -considerably inter- rupted in his work by sickness and other embarrassments, and the society hardly held its own during these two years. During the year 1849 the society was without a preacher. In the spring of 1850 the society raised the sum of two hundred dollars and repaired the meeting-house. Reverend Ezekiel Robinson was the preacher in charge. Reverend Charles Munger was pastor in 1851-2, and Reverend Joseph Hawkes in 1853. Reverend J. C. Perry was appointed to Brunswick in 1854, and a considerable revival occurred during the j-ear. In 1855, Reverend Parker Jaques was the preacher. In 1856-59, Reverend Charles W. Morse spent three years and ten mouths at Brunswick with varied success. From 1845 till 1854 Brunswick was a missionary station. There was no appropriation subsequent to that time. Mr. Morse was retired from active duties, but, on account of the protracted sickness of his wife, he had charge for the fourth j-ear at Brunswick. In 1860 and 1861 no material change occurred in the condition of the societj'. Reverend John Cobb was pastor. In 1862-3, Reverend Josiah H. Newhall was preacher in charge. During the second j-ear there was considerable religious excitement in the village, caused by the labors of the revivalist. Reverend Mr. Ham- mond, and a considerable revival occurred in the Methodist Society. Mr. Xewhall was a fine scholar, a native of Lynn, and a graduate of Weslej-an University. He died suddenly of paralysis in 1866. 26 402 mSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In 1864, Eeverend W. W. Baldwin, an energetic young man, was Ijreacher in charge and had considerable success. The following year he went to Montana as a missionarj'. Reverend John B. Lapham was appointed to Brunswick in 1865 and 1867. Under his labors there was considerable revival and accession to the strength of the society. In 1866 the old meeting- house was sold and the present one erected. In 1868 furniture for a parsonage was purchased, and a new communion service was bought. Reverend Stephen Allen was preacher in charge for two j^ears, 1867 to 1869. Under his pastorate there was a gratif3nng gain in member- ship, and he left his charge with good prospects for the future. Mr. Allen was a graduate of Bowdoin College, class of 1835. He is a fine scliolar, an interesting preacher, and is one of the leading men in the denomination. He was succeeded by Reverend James McMillan, who had charge of the parish for three j-ears, 1869 to 1872. There was an extensive revival during his second year, resulting in large additions to the church. Reverend H. C. Sheldon, a graduate of Yale College and a ripe scholar, succeeded Mr. McMillan, remaining here two years, 1872 to 1874. He is now a professor in the Boston Universitj'. He was suc- ceeded, in 1874, bj' Reverend C. W. Morse, who was also pastor here from 1856 to 1859, and who has won the sincere respect, not onlj- of the members of his parish, but of the citizens of the town generally. Reverend W. S. Jones is the present pastor. ST. PAUL'S PARISH. The first Episcopalian ser\'ice ever held in Brunswick was held in the college chapel in 1842. The Reverend J. Cook Richmond, on his way from Gardiner to Portland, was obliged to stop over night at "Brunswick. Wishing to improve the opportunity to present the ser- x'ices of the church to the people of the town and the students of the college, he asked the consent of the Congregational minister to such a service, which he failed to receive. He tlien appealed to the president of the college (Doctor Woods), who said to him, " There is one place in this town over which I have control, and j'ou can hold a service in the college chapel." Timely notice was given, and at half past seven in the evening a large congregation was gathered to hear (manj' of them for the first time) the evening service of the Prayer-Book. Mr. Richmond then preached and held the attention of his hearers for nearl}' two hours. This was the first step towards introducing the services of the ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 403 clmrcli here, and doubtless suggested and encouraged the idea of the permanent establishment of a parish. The next service of the church was held in the Congregational vestry on School Street, by the Right Reverend J. E. K. Ilenshaiv, Bishop of Rhode Island and Provisions,! Bishop of Maine, on his first visitation to this State, in October, 1843. He was accompanied by the Reverend iVTessrs. James Pratt of Portland, and Thomas F. Fales of Rhode Island, and after evening prayer " preached to a respectable and attentive audience." Mr. Fales after- wards returned as a missionary, and on the fifth of November,' 1843, being Sunday, he began regular sers'ices in what was then known as the Pleasant Street Seminary, nearly opposite the present Methodist Church, but which has since been removed to Maine Street, and is now used for business purposes. Mr. Fales thus became the first rector of this parish. He was edu- cated for the ministry at the General Theological Seminary in New York City ; was ordained deacon by Bishop Griswold in Rhode Island, July 22, 1840, and priest by the same bishop in 1841 ; and on the same day of the same month, July 21, he received the degree of B. A. from Bristol College, Pennsylvania, and M. A. from the University of New York. Mr. Fales continued to hold meetings in the school-house from November, 1840, until the completion of the church in July, 184;'). There was at first considerable opposition to the establishment of this church, but it soon passed away. This parish has from the first been a mission, supported mainly by the "General Board" and by the " Diocesan Board of Missions." Up to 1848 no contribution had been made by the parish towards the support of the rector, and then it onlj' amounted to a small snm. At the time Mr. Fales's labors began, the number of Episcopalians was very small. There were only three communicants, Daniel R. Goodwin, Mary R. Goodwin, and Isabella McDougal. The families of Professor Goodwin, of the college, and of Mr. Sam- uel Harris, of Topsham, were the only entire households which identi- fied themselves with the church. Five or six of the students were Churchmen. The attendance on the services, however, increased, and on the eighth of January, 1844, a parish was dulj- organized according to the laws of the State. There were seven original members, namely. Professor D. R. Goodwin, Joseph Badger, Samuel Harris, George Earle, John O B. Dunning, Ebenezer M. Johnson, and Samuel Dunning. The first oificers elected were, for wardens, D, R. Goodwin and 404 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. Joseph W. Sargent ; for vestrj^men, Abner B. Thompson, Joseph Badger, George Earle, Samuel Dunning, John O. B. Dunning, Eben- ezer M. Johnson, and Samuel Harris. It was then voted that the parish assume the name of St. Paul's, and that the Reverend T. F. Tales be invited to settle as rector of the church. The invitation was accepted on the twelfth day of Feb- ruary, 1844. From the verj' organization of the parish, the Ladies' Society has been most faithful and most elHcient in raising and suppljang all that was needed. Nothing except the improvements made by Mr. Taylor has been done without them. In fact, if it had not been for the self- sacrificing labors of the ladies of the parish, it might never have lived for thirty years. In 1845 they furnished the church with the read- ing-desk and pulpit, altar and chairs. In 1848, chiefly through their exertions, an organ was procured and placed in the gallery. Previ- ously stringed instruments were used. The communion set used from the first till now was presented by Mrs. Griswold of the " Eastern Diocese," as it was called. The stone font was given in 1861 by a number of persons, chiefly graduates of Bowdoin College. The orgaii was removed from the gallery to the east transept in 1867, and was replaced by a new one in September, 1873. There have been six rectors. The Eeverend Thomas F. Fales, the first, remained here just six years. He has since been rector of Christ Church, Waltham, Mass. The Reverend Andrew Croswell was here three years and five months. He now resides in Cambridge, Mass. The Reverend Professor D. R. Goodwin supplied services for six months, when there was a vaeancj- for ten months with only occa- sional lay-reading. The Reverend William Stone Chadwell was the third rector, and remained here three years and eight months. He is now rector of Grace Church, Brooklyn, Long Island, New York. The Reverend Edward Ballard immediately succeeded him, and was rector of the parish for twelve years and seven months. (See Biographical Sketch.) After a vacancy of six months, during which time there were occasional services, Reverend Joseph Pemberton Taylor entered on the charge of the parish, and remained here two j^ears and four months. He was immediately succeeded by Reverend Frederick S. Sill, M. A., and is now residing in Camden, New Jersey. liCGLESIASTICAL BISTOEY OF BRUNSWICK. 405 Eeverend Mr. Sill was succeeded by Reverend M. P. Nichols, who was ordained to the priesthood, May 27, 1877. In this parish, since its formation, one hundred and thirty individ- uals have been baptized, eighty-three confirmed, sixty- three buried, and thirty mai'ried. The present number of communicants is about twenty-nine ; of individuals, about seventy-five. EOMAN CATHOLICS. The formation of a society of believers in the doctrines of the Church of Rome was begun in this town about 1860, or a short time previously. Services were at first performed by the priest stationed at Bath. The society, however, gradually increased in numbers, and in 1866 purchased their present church bnilding on Federal Street, of the Methodist Society, and Father Powers was soon after sent to them. This society is now, numerically, by far the largest in town. About .five sixths of the congregation are French Canadians. They number about eight hundred. The present priest. Father Noiseux, is a French Canadian. STATISTICS OF CHUECH-GOEES, ETC , IN" 1873. In 1873, Mr. Charles Hill, agent of the Brunswick Bible Societj^, canvassed the town and collected statistics relative to the number of church-goers, etc. The following is a summary of his report, and shows the religious views of the citizens as well as such a canvass can, but it is not, probably, absolutely correct. Number attending church (nominally) " not attending church " children attending Sabbath schools " children not attending Sabbath schools Catholics (French, 477 ; Irish, 131 Protestants Congregationalists (Orthodox) Free Baptists Methodists Baptists Friends Universalists Adventists Unitarians Episcopalians For Union of Churches Spiritualists . colored, 59) 3,056 1,001 794 122 667 2,389 598 574 361 306 159 151 82 61 56 39 2 406 HISTORY OF BUUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. CHAPTER XIII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKT OF TOPSHAM. But little is known concerning the condition of religions matters in Topsham prior to the incorporation of the town. In the j-ear 1721 the Reverend Isaac Taj-lor was empl(\yed hy the proprietors to preach there one half the time. In 1730 there was a chaplain at the Fort in Brunswick, supported bj' the proprietors, who attended to the i-ehgious needs of the several neighboring communities, but who, most likelj^, preached on]_y in Brunswick. There is little doubt that previous to the erection of the first meeting-house in Topsham, the inhabitants of that place were accustomed to attend religious services at Brunswick. In 1739 the inhabitants of Topsham contributed to the support of preaching in Brunswick, and it is probable that such had been the custom for some years previous. ^ The town was incorporated in 1764, and at this date, therefore, properly begins the history of the FIRST PARISH. [1764. J Atthe second meeting of the town, held June 2, 1764, John Fulton, John Reed, and .John Merrill (the selectmen) were chosen a committee "to get an orthodox minister to preach for the space of three months." They evidently employed Reverend Mr. Buzzell, for at a subsequent meeting he was employed for "four Sabbaths longer." Whether he was unwilling to remain still longer, or whether he failed to give satisfaction, is not known. He could not have remained over the parish more than the four months for which he had been emploj-ed, or the town would not have chosen a committee " to get a minister \>y next spring to preach to us." [1766. J On March 18, £60 was raised " for a minister and school- master" for this year. As the same individual was sometimes em- ployed for both purposes, it is probable that such was the intent of that vote. 1 Pejepscot Papers. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 407 At a subsequent meeting the town decided very stronglj' in favor of the Presb3-terian form of worship, and voted to extend a call to Reverend Stephen Scales. Goin Fulton, Adam Hunter, and Thomas Wilson were chosen a committee to make an agreement with him. [1767.] In Julj', Reverend Mr. Thompson was engaged for two months after the expir.ation of his first contract. In consideration of the agreement made at the time of the confir- mation of their title by the government of Massachusetts, as well as in conformit}' to the laws, the proprietors about this time set apart a lot of land in Topsham ' ' for the use of the Ministry " and one for "the first settled Minister." The ministerial or parsonage lot was " Number Twenty-six lying in the Range of Lotts fronting on Pejeps- cott River containing one hundred acres." The lot for the minister was " Number sixty four, containing One hundred acres, lying on the Rear of Lotts belonging to Alexander Potter and James Potter, Jr., bounding Northeast on Land of Robert M°Farlands and Southwest on the School Lott." [1768. J In 1768 the town voted to give James Hunter a lot of land called the School-house Lot, in exchange for which he was to give the town one hundred acres where the meeting-house stood. Mr. Southmaid was emploj'ed to preach in the winter " as a probationer." [1770. J At the annual meeting this j'ear a Mr. Stuart was engaged to preach until the first of the following November, and it was voted to assess one fourth part of the minister's salarj^ on the holders of pews. [1771. J The first church organization, as distinct from that of the parish, was organized in 1771. It was of the Presbj'terian order, and was organized by Reverend Mr. Murray, a Presbj'terian minister of Bootlibay, and bj' Reverend Joseph Prince. It consisted of twentj-- seven members. ^ Who these members were is not now known, but it is not improbable that two of the earlj' members of the Congregational Church, Messrs. Alexander Patten and James Fulton, were among the number. This church was at no time very strong, and ceased to exist about the ^-ear 1789. No records of its meetings can be found. Committees were appointed in the 3'ears 1771 and 1772 to obtain the services of a minister, so that it is probable that there was preach- ing a part of this time. [1773. J Reverend Samuel Wheeler probably officiated for a while this year, as the town voted, November 29, " to send a man west- 1 Greenleaf's Ecclesiastical Sketches, 408 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ward to bring Mr. Samuel Wheeler's character, provided Mr. Samuel Wheeler will pa}- the charges " ; and John Merrill, consenting to go upon these terms, was duly chosen for that purpose. [1774. J Mr. Merrill's report as to Mr. Wheeler's character must have been satisfactory, as he this year received a call at a salary of £66 13s. Ad., lawful money, and with £100 as a " settlement." The town this year reversed its former action, and decided to adhere to the Congregational form of worship. This action of the town gave serious ofi'ence to the minority. Messrs. Adam Hunter, Goin Fulton, James Henry, John Orr, John Fulton, James Fulton, and Alexander Potter entered their protest again,st the meeting as being illegal and destruc- tive to the church. These persons were evidently strong in the Presby- terian faith, and probably some, if not all of them were members of the First Church. There is no evidence that Mr. Wheeler was ever formally installed over the church and society of the First Parish, and his pastorate could not have been a very satisfactory one, as the next year [1775] a committee was appointed to obtain a minister, and also one ' ' to converse with Mr. Samuel Wheeler concerning the abatement of his wages and to make return." [177G.] In December of the next year the town also voted not to pay his board nor his horse keeping. From this time to 1783, there is no record of any settled ' minister in the town, although there is no doubt but that there were religious services held for a few Sundays in each 3'ear, since the town in some at least of these j-ears chose a committee to obtain a minister. In 1778, however, the committee were instructed not to agree with one for more than a service of two months without the consent of the town. [1788. J At a meeting of the town held May 27, 1783, the commit- tee to obtain a minister were instructed to employ the Eeverend Mr. Urquhart to preach eight Sabbaths after the Sabbath next ensuing, and to use their own discretion as to the terms. At a later meeting of this year, held September 10, it was voted to emploj' Mr. Urquhart " one Sabbath when he returns from the westward." At this meeting there was also a committee appointed to see why the porch to the meeting-house, which the town voted in 1770 to have built, was not finished. The citizens of the town can easily be excused for getting a little impatient, after having waited thirteen j-ears for the construction of this porch. At a meeting held two months later, Mr. Urquhart was employed for one year at a salary of £80, he to have the privilege of leaving if he had a call to settle elsewhere. [1784. J At a meeting held in October, 1784, the town voted to ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSBAM. 409 hire Reverend Mr. Urquhart for one year more after the expiration of his first j-ear. To this action of the town, Messrs. John Merrill, Jon- athan Whitnej', Actor Patten, Peletiah Haley, Alexander Gray, and William Reed declared their disapproval " for several reasons, but more partieularlj' because we have reason to believe that the said Urqu- hart has two wives now living, and we think that disqualifies him to administer anj' of the Gospel ordinances." This charge was sustained by the facts, ^ and it is not probable that Urquhart preached in Topsham after the expiration of his second year, if indeed he was allowed to complete his engagement. In regard to Urquhart as a preacher, it has been said that ' ' his mode of preaching was marked for its humor and quaintness, and he would arouse his drowsy listeners on a summer afternoon bj- some stirring anecdote or exclamation. On one occasion he stopped sud- denly in his sermon and then exclaimed, ' I 'm your shepurd o'er all o' ye, and Wull3r Wilson is me grant bull-dog.' The deacon, either not relishing this publicity, or to signalize that he was not asleep, sturdily called out yet louder still, ' I 'm not your bull-dog ! What did you say that for? '"3 [1786. J In 1786 the town voted to give Mr. Kellogg an invitation ' ' to return and preach with us after he has been to studj' divinity six mouths, provided he will settle with us if desired." [1788.] This year Reverend Jonathan Ellis was invited to settle in town at a salary of £85 and a " settlement" of £150. The " settlement to be paid in boards, shingles and other Lumber, or any produce of the country.'' Mr. Ellis did not accept this call, but [1789] the next year, at a meeting held June 9, the town agreed to settle him on con- dition that he would take his dismission if two thirds of the legal voters of the town should, at any future time, prefer not to remain under his ministrj^ and should so declare at a legal town meeting, and that, in case such a thing should occur, he should be allowed to continue six months thereafter and no longer. Mr. Ellis was present at the meet- ing and agreed to these conditions. On August 31 of this year there were two legal meetings of the town. The first was called by warrant of John Merrill, a justice of the peace, upon the apphcation of more than ten voters, the principal object being to see if the town would consent that those not willing to settle under the ministry of Mr. Ellis should be allowed to withdraw from his support and maintain a minister for themselves. The second 1 See Annals of Warren, p. 172 et seq. ^ Dr. James McKeen's Notes. 410 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. meeting was on tlie usual warrant issned by the selectmen, and was for the purpose of taking action in regard to Mr. Ellis's ordination. At the first meeting thirty-five persons voted to withdraw from being under Mr. Ellis's ministry, and sixtj'-seven voted to be under his ministr3^ At this meeting the town also voted that one-fourth part of the expense of repairing the meeting-house should be assessed on the pew-holders, and the remainder paid by the to'v^'n. At the second meeting the town voted that the council which was to be at the ordination of Mr. Ellis should meet and sit at Mr. Joseph Foster's house, and that they and their attendants should be entertained at CaiDtain David Reed's and James Fulton's houses. It also voted that Doctor Philip Hoyt, James Wilson, and Joseph Haley, clothier, should be a committee to attend upon the council on the day of ordination. The ordination of Mr. Ellis occurred September 16, 1789. The sermon on the occasion was preached by Reverend Andrew Lee, of Lisbon, Connecticut. The charge was by the Reverend John Ellis, of Rehoboth, Massachusetts. The right hand of fellowship by the Reverend Josiah Winship, of Woolwich, Maine. The sermon was printed, but no copy of it can now be found. The following is the title- page, which has been preserved : — ' ' The Dutj' of Gospel Ministers | Illustrated in a Discourse preached I at the ordination of the Rev. ■Jonathan Ellis ] to the pastoral office in the church | at Topsham, Massachusetts, Sept. | 16th 1789. By Andrew Lee A. M., | Pastor of a church at Lisbon, | Conn, | Keep thyself pure — St. Paul. ] Portland — Printed by Thomas | Baker Wait. MDCCXC." The Congregationalist Church held its first meeting in June, 1789, at which a daj^ of fasting was appointed, and it was voted to send for a councU. This council met June 26, 1789, for the ordination of Reverend Jonathan Ellis, and voted " that the members of the church at Topsham be considered as a regular church of Christ, on the Con- gregational form of worship and discipline." On October 23 of the same year the church adopted a covenant. On June 27, 1790, the first sacrament since the organization was administered. It was administered in the Presbyterian manner, the communicants sitting around the table. Eleven members were pres- ent, beside five from the church in Brunswick. [1791. J The Only thing noticeable in any of the records this j'ear is the fact that the town appointed a committee of three '' to keep the dogs out of the meeting-house." ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 411 [1793.J This year thfi following names of members appear upon the church records : — Captain John Patten (deacon), Mrs. Mary Fulton, Captain James Mustard, Mrs. Esther Haley, Alexander Patten, Mrs. Hannah Henry, James Fulton, Mrs. Anna Winchell, John Small, Mrs. Mary Ellis, Joseph Haley, Mrs. Nancy Stockman, Whitum, Mrs. Perry, "William Randall, Mrs. Jane Eandall, Doctor Philip Hoyt, Mrs. Eachel Reed, Reverend Jonathan Ellis, Widow Jameson, Mrs. Mary Patten, Widow Sarah Cobb. [1794. J At a meeting of the town, held May 20, 1794, it was voted not to oppose the petition of John Merrill, Esquire, and others, praying the General Court for an Act of Incorporation as a Baptist society, provided they would withdraw their suit at law, of Job Macomber vs. The Town of Topsham, in which case the town agreed that the execution against Abraham Cummings i should not be put in force, and that all future taxes for the minister's salary, of members of the Baptist society, might be drawn by them from the treasurer or the constable, they producing a certificate that thej- had paid an equal sum for the Baptist societj-, provided they obtained an Act of Incor- poration within one year. An attempt was made this year to obtain a two-thirds vote to dismiss Reverend Mr. Ellis, but failed. After this date the First Parish held meetings distinct from those of the town, and the latter, therefore, has only occasionally since then taken any action in regard to religious matters. [1795. J The incorporation of the Baptist Society which had just occurred had the unfortunate and rather singular efl'ect of depriving the First Parish of all its officers. It is certainly rather remarkable that all these officers should have affiliated with the Baptists. That such was the actual fact, however,'is shown by a petition to John Merrill, Esquire, justice of the peace, requesting him to call a meet- ing of the freeholders of the First Parish. This petition expressly sets forth the fact that the First Parish had no officers and ' ' were consequently incapable of conducting and managing its affairs." This petition was dated April 20th, and on April 30th the first meet- ing of the parish, after the separation, was held at the meeting-house. 1 Probably for non-payment of minister's tax. 412 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARP SWELL. A new board of parish officers was chosen, money raised for support of the minister, and Richard Knowles elected sexton, "with allow- ance of twelve shillings." At a subsequent meeting this j-ear a com- mittee was chosen to wait upon Mr. Ellis and to concert measures for rendering the ministerial lot of some benefit to the minister and parish. [1797.] In 1796 and 1797 considerable repairs were made to the meeting-house. In May of the latter year a committee was chosen " to wait on the Reverend Jonathan Ellis for the purpose of obtaining information how his proposals may in the best way be answered, and report to the Parish." What proposals the pastor had made is not known, but on the twentj'-sixth of June following, the parish decided not to increase his salary " at the present time, on account of the depreciation of money." [1799. J At a meeting of the parish, held September 9, Captain Alexander Rogers, James Fulton, and Arthur Hunter were chosen to settle with Mr. Ellis and to paj' him the arrearages due to him. They were also authorized to grant him a discharge from the parish if he desired, and to supply the pulpit for a while. [1800. J At the annual meeting of the parish this j'ear, the sum of three hundred dollars was raised for current expenses. This sum was between thirty and forty dollars less than had usually been raised for the minister's salary alone. At the annual meeting of the town, Messrs. John Merrill, WiUiam Wilson, James Purinton, Doctor Porter, and Alexander Thompson were chosen a committee to consider the practicabilit}- of uniting the two societies. The desire for such union probablj- arose in consequence of the difficulty experienced, at that time, in furnishing adequate support to two ministers. [1801. J The committee for suppl^'ing the pulpit were instructed by the parish " to write to the Professor of Divinity at Harvard College requesting him to recommend a candidate to them of ability and good moral character,'' and were also instructed to employ no transient preacher until it was positively ascertained that no suitable candidate could be sent. The parish also voted ' ' not to employ Mr. Thompson any longer to supply the Desk.'' It would appear from this action that Mr. Ellis had received his discharge from the committee appointed in 1799 to settle with him. [1802. J The Reverend Mr. Western was employed as a preacher until October, 1802. At a meeting of the parish in June, Benjamin Hasey, Esquire, Doctor Porter, and Ezra Smith were chosen a com- mittee to petition the legislature " for permission to sell the Parsonage ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOP SHAM. 413 Lot, or take measures to render the same profitable to the Parish, agreeable to the original intentions of the Grantors " [1803. J On April 23 of this year, the parish passed a vote invit- ing Mr. Ellis to preach for one year at a salary of two hundred and eighty-three dollars and thirty-three cents, he to have " the privilege of keeping school such part of said year as he shall choose." [1805.] An effort was this year made to unite with the Second Parish in obtaining a minister to preach alternately in the two parishes. [1806. J At a town-meeting, held November 3, 1806, it was voted "that the town having heard and duty considered the proposal of the Honorable Benjamin J. Porter and others, to build a meeting- house near the Court House, do unitedty approve of the same and do earnestlj- recommend it to the members of both parishes of the town to become united as soon as may be into one corporate body for the pui-pose of supporting public worship in said town when [it shall be] erected. " And it is further voted that the town, with a view to promote an union of the parishes, for the support of public worship, agreeably to the proposal of said Porter and others, will appoint a committee of seven persons with full power to pursue any measures necessarj- and proper on the part of the town to promote the building of said house and to support public worship therein." In December the parish voted to hold their business meetings and religious services in the Court House until a new meeting-house should be built, but the Aote was subsequently changed so as to have the meetings for public worship held one half the time at the Court House and the remainder of the time either at the old meeting-house or at the school-house near it. [1810.] At the annual meeting this j'ear the parish voted " that the treasurer be directed to renew or exchange the securities or col- lect, if necessary, the money that is now at interest, belonging to the parish, and also to receive the interest annually or take notes for the same." It is CAddent from this that the parish had something of a fund at this time, but from what source it was derived is not so easy to understand. The amount of monej' raised each year was seldom more than enough to pay current expenses and often not sufficient for that purpose, and the ministerial lot was not sold, notwithstanding the vote in 1802, until 1819. At this same meeting Benjamin Orr, Esquire, was appointed to obtain from the committee chosen in 1799 a certificate of the dis- charge of Reverend Mr. Ellis, and to deposit the same with the 414 HlbTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. parish clerk. This document, which was the only legal annulment of the contract between the pastor and parish, was dated May 7, 1810. Owing to the separation which had occurred in the parish, and to other causes, the church had gradually dwindled away, and after the dismissal of their pastor it became nearly extinct. During the period of Mr. Ellis's ministry it was Congregational in name, but not what would now be called strictly Orthodox, since it paid more attention to the form - of church polity than it did to uniformity of beUef. Rev- erend Ezra S. Goodwin had been preaching this year, and on October 12, the parish expressed to him their approbation of his past ser\ices and requested him to continue with them awhile longer. [1811. J An attempt was made this year, unsuccessfuUj', to have the minister over the First Parish supply the pulpit of the Second I'arish also. The thanks of the parish were again given to Mr. Goodwin for his services, and the regret expressed that the financial situation did not admit of their emioloying him longer. [1814. J Nothing further of special importance occurs in the parish records until the j'ear 1814, when an attempt was again made to unite the two parishes. The committee on the part of the First Parish chosen to confer with the other parish were instructed that " if an union of said parishes could not be obtained on any other princi- ple, that the meetings for public worship be holden two thirds of the time at the Court House and the other third at the upper meeting- house." [1815. J In 1815, Messrs. Benjamin Orr, Alexander Eogers, and Jehiel Abell were appointed a committee to petition the legislature, in behalf of the parish, " for leave to sell the parsonage lot in Topsham, under such restrictions and limitations as they shall think proper." [1818. J The meeting-house, about this time, must have been get- ting sadty in need of repair, since, in April, 1818, the parish commit- tee were instructed to repair it, " by building doors, glazing the windows, and uuderpinning the house so as to secure it from falling." [1819.] On May 10, 1819, the committee appointed in 1815 to sell the ministerial lands, reported that " thej' have sold the whole of said lands at auction to the highest bidders on the 22d day of April 1819, as follows, to wit. To Samuel Hunter twelve acres and 80 rods for the sum of one hundred and twenty-five dollars : To Arthur Hunter thirty-eight acres and seventy rods for the sum of two hun- dred and thirty dollars and 62^ cents ; To Thomas Patten twenty-four acres and ten rods for two hundred and sixteen dollars and fifty-six cents ; To George Rogers twentyfive acres for two hundred dollars. MCCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSIIAM. 415 All and singular of which sums to be paid, with interest, in four years from the time of sale, one quarter part of the principal of each sum to be paid annually, and interest semi-annually on the whole amount of sales Amounting in the whole to the sum of $772.18 "(Signed) " Actor Pattek, Humphrey PfHiNTOisr, Thos. G. Sandfoed." [1821. j In the year 1821, a committee was chosen to ascertain and report, at an adjourned meeting, who were members of the First Parish. The parish this year, moreover, agTeed to accept the new meeting-house on the terms offered by the proprietors of the same, which were as follows: "That the proprietors of the meeting- house present the same to the First Parish, reserving the right to the proprietors of selling all their right thereto and receiving the pro- ceeds ; and whether the same is sold or unsold, it shall not be liable in any manner ivhatever to be taxed by the First Parish ; and it is understood by the foregoing reservation that the parish shall never assess &nj moneys that it may hereafter raise either whollj' or in part upon the pews or seats of any individual proprietors therein ; and the proprietors further present the parish with one of the front pews on the lower floor, numbered thirtj'-onej and the two pews in the gallery behind the singing seats, and the ovei'plus of moneys arising from the sale of pews in said house, after pajing the bills of said house, shall be annexed to the funds of the First Parish. " That in future the meetings for publick worship be holden one third of the time at the old meeting-house, and two thirds of the time at the new meeting-house, for six months in the 3'ear, commencing the first Sabbath in May ; thea'emainder of the j-ear at the new meet- ing-house." At a subsequent meeting, a number of persons who had previously joined the Second Parish were accepted as members of the First Parish. At the same meeting an agent was chosen to obtain a deed of the meeting-house from the proprietors, and to give deeds of pews to the owners thereof. On August 26, 1821, the church was reorganized. The following persons constituted its membership at this time : — William Randall, John Harmon, Deacon Samuel WJnslow, Mrs. Jane Randall, Mrs. Margaret Patten, Mrs. Mary Ellis, Wrs. Hannah Patten, Mrs. Martha Rogers, Mrs. Betsey Perkins, Miss Hannah Patten, Widow Mar^^ Foy, Widow Mary Patten, and Widow Rachel Reed. 416 mSTOUT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. [1823. J This j^ear an attempt was made to settle Eeverend Mr. Danfoi'th, at first for five j-ears and tlien for one year. Tiiere was a good deal of difiicultj' in raising the necessary amount of money by subscription, and it is evident that he was not engaged, as at a meet- ing held on the twenty-second of November, the parish committee were instructed to emj)loy a preacher, and to pay him out of the money already raised. [1824. J The parish this year invited Reverend Jacob C. Goss to settle as their pastor, " until six months' notice on either side shall be given for a discontinuance of his services." The salary offered was five hundred dollars. To this invitation Mr. Goss made an answer containing the following proposals, which were accepted by the parish : — ■ " First. Provided that I may have liberty to be absent four weeks each year, and during this time shall not be under obligation to supply the desk. " Second. Provided either party may have liberty to dissolve this connection, giving to the other one year previous to such dissolution. " Third. Should the salary which you offer me be found on trial insufficient to meet my expenses, I shall expect it will be increased." Thomas G. Sandford, Actor Patten, Colonel Samuel Veazie, Charles E. Porter, Doctor James McKeen, and Major Nahum Perkins were chosen on behalf of the parish, and Samuel Winslow on behalf of the church, to make the arrangements for the ordination. On December 7 the council for ordination met at the house of Nathaniel Green. There were present, Reverend Hezekiah Packard and David Owen, Wiscasset ; Reverend Eliphalet Gillett and Samuel P. Ingraham, Hallo well ; Reverend William Mittimore and Jona- than Moody, Fahnouth ; Reverend John W. Ellingwood, David Stin- son, and Gillett Trufant, Bath ; Reverend Enos Merrill and Nathan Scales, Freeport; Reverend Asa Cummings and Cushing Prince, Brunswick ; Reverend Seneca White, Levi Houghton, and Daniel Marston, 2d, Bath ; Reverend Caleb Hobart and Jacob Hayes, North Yarmouth ; Reverend Benjamin Tappan and John Eveleth, Augusta, and William Allen, D. D., president of Bowdoin College. Eeverend Doctor Allen was chosen moderator, and Benjamin Tappan, scribe. The ordination took place December 8, 1824. The introductory prayer was made by Reverend Mr. Mittimore ; the sermon was by President Allen, from Isaiah lii, 7, " How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings " ; the consecrating ECCLESIdSTW.iL HISTORY OF TOPSIIAM. 417 prayer was by Reverend Doctor Gillett ; the charge to the pastor, by Reverend Doctor Packard, of Wiscasset ; the right hand of fellow- ship, by Re\-ei'eud Jlr. Mead ; address to the church and society, by Reverend JMr. Tapi)an ; and the concluding prayer, by Reverend Mr. Ellingwood. [1825.] At a church meeting held January 20, it was decided " that the ordinance of the sacrament should be administered the first Sabbath in every other month, and that a regular church meeting should be held every Thursday previous to communion." [182C.J This year the parish voted that the notice of its meetings " be in future posted on the meeting-house door and in the publish- ment-box 1 to said meeting-house." On May 1 1 of this year Samuel Winslow was chosen as deacon, — the first one since the reorganization of the church. On August 10, one of the members was charged with a " too frequent use of spirit- uous liquors," and was suspended from fellowship and afterwards was excommunicated. [1829. J In April, 1829, Mr. Goss sent in his request for a dis- missal, on the ground of dissatisfaction with his present condition and prospects. A committee was appointed by the parish to confer witli him and to make to him a full disclosure of the condition of the parish, and to inform him, if they found it expedient, that the parish felt unable to support him after the expiration of the year. At a subsequent meeting the assessors were instructed to devise measures for paj-ing the arrearages due him. JSTotwithstanding his resignation, Mr. Goss seems to have remained for some time longer, for at a meet- ing held earl}- the next year [1830] another committee was appointed to inform him " of the embarrassed situation of the parish on the subject of dissohing his connection with said parish " ; and on July 16, a committee was chosen " to invite him to dissolve the connection between him and the parish and discontinue his services as early as maj' be convenient to him and prior to the first of December next, and that the connection be now accordingly dissolved." A week later fiJr. Goss sent a letter to the parish in which he consented to the annulment of their contract, provided all arrearages were paid and his salary paid up to the date of the termination of his services, other- wise his resignation was to be null and void. Upon the receipt of this communication, the parish voted to use so much of the interest of 1 A hoy, with a glass door, in lohich the town clerk posted the names of those intendinj marriage. 27 418 imsTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWJiLL. the parish fund as might be found necessary to pay what was due. This terminated the civil contract between the parish and pastor, but the pastoral connection of tlie church with Mr. Goss was not severed by act of council initil June 10, 1835. Mr. Goss commenced his labors under very favorable auspices, and so far as can be determined fi'om the records there was no dissatisfaction with him, and his dis- missal was owing solely to the feeble condition of the parish at this time. [1836. J At the annual meeting of the parish in 1836, a committee was appointed to examine the records of the parish, and ascertain who were members of it and report a list of the same. This report, on account of the information it contains in regard to parishes in gen- eral, is herewith given in full : • — "The commitlee appointed at a meeting of the First Parish in Topsham, held on the twelfth instant, to ascertain who are the legal members thereof, respectfully report that they have examined the statutes and reported cases in point, and have unanimously come to the conclusion that all inhal)itants of twentj'-one years of age and upwards, within the bounds of said parish, and who have not with- drawn therefrom by leaving a written notice thereof with the parish clerk, are members of said parish, with the exception of such persons onlj' as are legal members of some poll parish. That all inhabitants coming to reside within the limits of the said First Parish and who are not members of a poll parish, with all such as reside therein and with- drawn from Ihe poll parish to which thej* were connected by leaving a written note thereof with the clerk of said parish, do on their claiming and exercising their rights of membership thereby become members of said First Parish. " To visit each individual within the limits of said First Parish, and to ascertain from them personally whether they belong to the parish or not, would require more time than your committee could conven- ientlj- bestow on the subject. 'I'hej' therefore have examined the records of the poll parish, within the bounds of the First Parish, and from which it appears the following named persons^ are members of the Second Parish of this town. . . . Your committee further report that they are divided in opinion, in regard to the point whether the members of a poll-parishioner's family, at arriving at twentj'-one years of age, do thereby-, without first withdrawing from the poll parish. ' These names appear in the account of the Baptist Society, and are therefore omitted here. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOP SHAM. 419 become members of the territorial parish within the bounds of which the poll is situated. A majority of j'our committee, Messrs. Perkins, Tibbets, and Ellis, are of opinion that thej- do. The other members of your committee are of a different opinion. The case has been sub- mitted to two of Qur most able counsellors, who differ in opinion on the subject. Your committee, therefore, to avoid all uncei-tainty, recom- mend to persons so situated to withdraw from the poll parish, in case they are desirous of connecting themselves with the territorial, or from the territorial if they prefer continuing with the poll. They would fiu-ther recommend, in case the parish should resort to taxes, that such persons so situated, and arriving at the age of twentj'-one, should not be taxed or considered as members of said parish until the^- claim and exercise their rights of membership. '■ Xauum Perkins, per order of Comniitke." The ministerial fund of the First Parish amounted at this time to seven hundred and thirty-sixty dollars and sixt3'-one cents. No parish meetings were held later than this, and the majority of the pew- holders liecame members of the Unitarian Society. The continuation of tlie histor}' of the First Parish Church organization will be given farther on, under the title of the " Congregational Church." The lat- ter is the direct lineal descendant of the old First Parish Church, though, for reasons given elsewhere, the members of it no longer belonged to the First Parish, but formed a new poll parish. THE FIEST BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY, OR SECOND AND THIRD PARISHES. The first Baptist preaching in Topsham was by Elder Simon Locke, it is believed, in 1779. On the fifth of June of that year he bap- tized Miss R. Puringtou, who was the first one in town to receive the ordinance by immersion. After 1782, Reverend Mr. Potter preached occasionally for several years, but without making many converts. During the years 1783 and 1784, Elders Case and Macomber preached occasionally.^ Reverend Job Macomber also preached here in 1789, 1790, and 1791. These ministers were paid for their services by the voluntary contribu- tion of individuals, as appears from a receipt given by Macomber to Actor Patten, Joseph and Pelatiah Haley, and John Merrill. The General Court of Massachusetts, by an Act passed in June, ' From Millet. 420 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSJBAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1794, incorporated John Merrill, Esquire, Stephen Doutj-, Actor Patten, Hugh Wilson, Eobert Cleaves, Jr., James Purington, Jr., Ebeuezer Farrin, William Bragdon, John Starboard, Jr., John Hewey, John Duggan, Joseph Jack, Elnathan Hinklej^, Alexander Thompson, Elijah White, Benjamin Woodard, Moses Hodgkins, John Sandford, John Ware, William Hnnter, Samuel Wilson, Calvin Wade, Thomas Smith, John Starboard, Luther Hall, Thomas Rideout, John Eeed, William iMalcom, Robert Cleaves, John Wilson, Joseph Halej-, Humphrej- Thompson, AVillard Sears, Moses Owen, William Colla- more, Nathan Wj-man, Hezekiah Wj-man, William W3-man, and James' Purington into a society bj- the name of the "Baptist Religious Society in Top sham." i The first meeting of this societj' was held at the house of Actor Patten on February 9, ,1795. This society constituted the Second Parish of the town. At this meeting James Purington was chosen moderator, and John Merrill parish clerk. It was voted to build a meeting-house "forty feet long and thirtj^ feet wide, this season, and that it be set between Joseph Haley's house and Benjamin Eaton's." It was to be owned by each proprietor in proportion to the amount subscribed. This meeting-house, subsequently known as the " old yellow meet- ing-house," was built principally' by Joseph Haley, Captain Actor Patten, 1st, John Merrill, Esquire, Captain Pelatiah Haley, and James Purington, the tanner. April 17, 1797, the parish voted to give Elder Elihu Purington, of Bowdoinham, an invitation to preach for them one half the time. This invitation was accepted. In the year 18D0, Reverend Mr. Williams preached in the meeting- house of the Second Parish. ^ The following is the list of members subsequent to the incorporation of the parish, down to April 7, 1808: 1796, James Sampson, Obed Buruham ; 1797, Andrew Whitehouse, Joshua Whitten, Joseph Whit- ten, John Whitten, Stephen Pennell, William Wilson, Jr. ; 1798, Nathaniel Melcher, Benjamin Eaton, Charles Gowell, Joseph Graves, Joshua Graves, Samuel Graves, Moses Plummer, Gideon Walker ; 1799, Francis "Douglass, Benjamin Metcalf; 1800, James Potter; 1803, John Rogers, John Hern, Da\id Work, Jeremiah Staples, AVins- low Staples, Moses Graves, Joseph Berry, James Staples, Thomas 1 MassacJmsetts Special Lavis, Vol. l,p, 537. ^ Mary of Reverend Jonathan Ellis. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSIIAM. 421 Hunter, Arthur Hunter, Eobert Alexander, William Malcom, Jr., John Given, William Eeed, Thomas Reed, Robert Reed, David Reed, William Reed Hunter, Timothy Hern, Joseph Quint, Josiah Staples, John Graves, Jr., Jacob Graves, Samuel Staples, Ebenezer Work, William Given, Jacob Stockman, Daniel Gray, Caleb Curtis, Lemuel Thompson; 1808, Daniel Holden, Nathaniel Green, Jotham Chick, Stephen Harris, James Cook, Samuel Towns, Jonathan Blaisdell, Moses Weymouth, David Foster, Timothy Foster, Gideon Larrabee, Aaron Thompson, John Rogers, Jr., Joshua Haines, Isaac Johnson, Samuel Perkins, Joseph M. Perry, Robert Sager, Nathaniel Quint, James Thompson, John Jameson, Francis Card, James G. Goold, William Frost, Nahum Houghton, Joseph Haley, Jr., David Flagg, Jesse T. Haley, and Peter H. Green. [1808. J On April 28, 1808, the parish voted to raise four hundred dollars for the support of the ministry, but the vote was reconsidered in June, and two hundred andflftj' dollars was then voted. From this time until about 1833, the amount annually raised for the supply of the pulpit and all other expenses was, ordinarilv, only one hundred dollars. [181 5. J In September of this year three males and Ave females belonging to this societj' were organized into a church at Oak Hill, under the title of " The Predestinarian Baptist Church of Topsham." It is probable that Mr. Elihu Pm-ington was then ordained as an elder, i since the records of the church state that at this time Elder Kendall preached the introductory sermon. Elder Titcomb gave the right hand of fellowship, and Elder Temple made the concluding prayer. [1818. J On June 4, 1818, Mr. Winslow Staples was ordained by council ; Elder Stearns preached the sermon. Elder Persons offered a prayer. Elder Temple gave the right hand of fellowship. Elder Stinson gave the charge, and Elder Frost made the concluding prayer. The church at this time numbered over fifty members.^ At a meeting held April 18, of this year, the parish voted that a committee which had been chosen to settle the accounts of the parish should be authorized " to move the meeting " to any part of the town if they judged it expedient. Accordingly, the meetings were held this year in two places, — in the " old yellow meeting-house " and in a school-house. 3 [1819. J In April, 1819, the frame of a new meeting-house was 1 Adam Wilson' K Historical Discourse, p. 10. ^Millett. 3 Autobiography of Elder Kendall. 422 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. raised, and in November the building was completed. It was small, containing onl}- thirty pews.i This building was the one, opposite the village gravej-ard, which was afterward used as a town-house. This year " one half of the male and several female members of the church were expelled for intemperance, until onlj- eight were left." ^ [1820. J Elder Staples's pastorate could not have been a very suc- cessful one, as in February 26, 1§20, the church and parish, in joint session, passed a vote of censure against him. At a parish meeting, held April lo of this .year, a committee was appointed to confer with Elder Henry Kendall as to the terms on which he would consent to become their settled minister. At a meeting held April 29, 1820, it was voted to accept Elder Henry Kendall's proposals, and to consider him as their settled min- ister, agreeablj' to the conditions specified by him. These conditions were as follows : — " 1 . It will not be expected by me that the society' bind itself to pay me any specified sum for my services as their minister, nor would it be pleasing to me on mj- settlement that any obligatory grant should be made to me, but that the whole subject should be left with the soci- etj- to give me annualh' much or little as thej- maj- consider duty or proper. "2. That a committee, to be composed of members of the church and societj', be annually raised, whose duty it shall be to confer with me on the subject of my situation and the number of Sabbaths I ought to serve the society for the sum they may by grant or subscription annuallj' raise, and report as soon as maj- be the result of this con- ference to me and the assessors of the societj-. "3. That whenever I shall think it duty to request a dissolution of mj- ministerial connection with this society, and shall officially make known mj' desire, the society shall, without anj' unnecessary dela}', attend to the subject, and if they are not disposed to grant my request they shall join me in choosing a council of the elders and churches of our order, to hear and determine the subject of the request, whose decision shall be binding on the parties. " 4. That whenever a majority in parish meeting, legally called for that purpose, shall by vote declare that my ministerial labours is no longer useful, and vote va.y dismission, then m.j ministerial connection shall be considered dissolved." Up to this time the Second Parish contained both Calvinist and 1 Autobiography of Elder Kendall. 2 ii,ii2_ ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 423 Free-'Will Baptists, but a separation now occniTed , and in 1821 Josluia and John Whitten were dismissed to the Free- Will Baptist vSociety. [1824. J At a meeting held April 17, 1824, the parish voted " to dismiss Elder Henry Kendall from being anj- longer their settled min- ister, — ■ agreeable to his request." The church records contain a state- ment to the effect that the dismission of Elder Kendall gave rise to some dissatisfaction. Xothing of importance occurs in the records of the Second Parish subsequent to this date, though the records do not close until the year 1832. As the Baptists withdrew that j'ear, and formed a new society, it would seem as though the Second Parish mast thereafter have been composed exclusively of Free-AVill Baptists or else that there were two religious societies in one poll parish. THE BAPTIST CHURCH SOCIETY. On Januaiy 19, 1824, Henry Kendall, Jabez Perkins, James Cook, Eichard Orr, Samuel Wilson, James A\'ilson, P>lijah ^Vhite, George Howland. and Daniel Welch petitioned the legislature for incorpora- tion as a religious society. The petition was granted, and on Feb- ruar}' 2, 1824, the society met and elected Henry Kendall, moderator, and James Cook, clerk. Jabez Perkins was chosen collector, and Deacon Elijah White and Mr. James Cook as parish committee. The members of this society constituted the third parish of the town. Joseph Foster, Jr., Daniel Welch, Leonard Blondell, Jabez Per- kins, David Seribner, James Cole, John Owen, Charles White, Joshua Haskell, Aaron Hinkley, Charles Hunter, Edward Welch, David Dunlap, William Randall, Jr., Jonathan Baker, James Rogers, Benja- min Hase}', John Hunter, 2d, Benjamin Thompson, Francis Tucker, George Rogers, William Work, and John Mustard joined the societ3^ about tills time, though a number of them afterwards went back to the First Parish. The members at their first meeting voted to call them- selves by the name of "The Baptist Church Society." They built this j'ear a small meeting-house in the village, at a cost of about six hundred dollars. [1825. J This year there was a powerful revival iu the church, though but Uttle mention is made of it in the records. [182fi.J At a meeting held on April 3, the society voted that as less money than was needed had heretofore been raised, "if the society should not be able to raise by ^-oluntary subscription at least one hundred dollars for Elder Kendall the present year, that they will 424 imiORY OF BSUN'iiWICK, TOPSBAJf, AND BARPSWELL. not require his TQinisterial labors bej'ond a proportion of the time for the sum they shall raise and paj- over to him.'' [LSo4.J At a church meeting, held February 22, the subject of building a new meeting-house was discussed, and it was thereupon TOted " that Jabez Perkins, David Scribner, vSamuel Perkins, Josiah Sanford, and L. Hibbard be a committee to solicit means to carry the same into effect." On October 4, of this year, Samuel Perkins and David Scribner were chosen deacons. At a meeting of the society, held April 7, it was decided to accept a lot of land for a meeting-house, that had been .purchased of Pelatiah and Xancy Haley. Jabez Perkins and David Scribner were chosen a committee to raise subscriptions for and to build a new meeting- house. [1836. J On April 6, 1S35, this committee reported that they had contracted with S. & R. D. Melcher for the erection of a meeting- house. That the whole expense would be $2,250, and that the build- ing would probably be completed in about six weeks. At this meeting Jabez Perkins, Samuel Perkins, and James Cook were appointed a committee to sell the pews, but were instructed to reserve one pew next the desk, on each side, and two floor pews near the stove, for free pews. The societj- also authorized their agent to sell the old meeting- house if the consent of the pew-owners could be had. It was bought bj- Deacon Joshua Haskell for the Free-Will Baptist Society. At a meeting of the church, held March 21, Elder Charles Johnson was invited to settle on a salarj' of three hundred dollars per annum. The irext meeting of the societj- was held May 27 in the new or present Baptist meeting house. At this meeting, Itlder Johnson was ordained' and the new church building was dedicated. The year was remark- able for a revival in this and the other societies. [183 7. J On February 25, 1837, the church extended a call to Rev- erend Edwin R. Warren, and the amount of salary to lie otFered him was left to the discretion of the church officers. [1838. J During the j^ear 1838 a controversj' commenced between the committee of management of the " Eastern Bnptiat " and Mr. E. Brown. It continued several j'ears and caused considerable trouble in this church. [1840. J At a meeting of the church held October 25, forty-four members were dismissed from this church, in order to be organized into a Baptist church in Brunswick village. There was a great revi- val this j'ear. Meetings were held for more than one hundred succes- sive evenings, and one hundred and fiftj'-two persons were added to the church b^' baptism. ECCI.ESIASTICJL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM.. 425 [1841.] On Jul}- 25, Elder Warren resigned the pastorate, and Reverend George Knox was invited, November 1, to succeed him on a salary of four hundred dollars. On December 14, forty-nine dele- gates, representing eighteen churches, met in council for the purpose of bis ordination. The services were as follows : — ■ An anthem ; reading of Scriptures, by Elder P. S. Adams ; a hymn ; a pi-ayer, by Elder F. Merriam ; a sermon, by Elder Z. Bradford ; an anthem ; an ordaining pra3'er, hj Elder Z. Adlam ; the charge, b}- Elder Adam AYilson ; a hymn ; the right hand of felloAvship, by Elder E. H. Gray;, an address to the church, by Elder H. G. Gott; an anthem ; a closing praj-er, bj' Elder E. R. Warren ; and the benedic- tion, l.)y the pastor. [1846. J On May 2n, 1845, Elder Knox resigned, and on February 1 , of the following year. Reverend James Gilpatrick was invited to settle as pastor, on a salary of four hundred dollars. He accepted the call February 5, and was installed April 22, 1846. The services were as follows : — Reading of Scripture, by Elder J. Hubbard ; praj'er, bj' Elder N,' Norton ; sermon, by Elder N. W. Wilhams ; prayer, by Elder H, Hawes ; charge, by Elder W. C, Grant ; right hand of fellowship, by Elder M. Hanscom ; address to church,' etc. by Elder Wilham Bailey ; praj-er, b}' Elder J. Ricker ; benediction, by the pastor. [1853.] Elder Gilpatrick, having determined to move with his familj' to Kansas, — then beginning to be settled, — sent in his resig- nation April 2, 1853, and it was accepted by the church to take place in June following. On July 17, Elder A. Robbins was invited to set- tle as pastor, on the same salary as his predecessor. On the twenty- fourth of the following September, however, his salary was increased to four hundred aud fifty dollars. [1859. J On June 5, 1859, Elder Robbins resigned under circum- stances that led many to have doubts as to his fitness for his position. When his resignation was accepted, however, some commendatory resolutions were passed by the church. These resolutions were dis- pleasing to some of the members, and for a time the matter seriously disturbed the church. [1860. J March 25, 1860, Reverend L. P. Gurney received a call frorn the church to settle as their pastor, and accepted the invitation the following May. [1862.] At a meeting held on April 6, 1862, the. church was presented by Deacon Wilham Barron with a complete silver commu- nion service. 426 mSTOBT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIAIiPSWELL. [1865. J At a meeting of the church, held Julj' 1, 1865, Reverend L. P. Gurnej', Deacons David Scribner and William Barron, William Skolfield, George A. Rogers, and W. E. Haley were chosen a Com- mittee of Arrangements for a semi-centennial anniversary of the for- mation of the church. On September 2 the anniversary -was celebrated in an appropriate manner. Reverend Adam Wilson, D. D., delivered an historical discourse, which, in accordance with a vote of the church, was printed in 1866. [1866-1868. J March 1, 1866, Elder Guruey resigned his charge, and the church was for a time without anj' settled minister. On Feb- ruary 2, 1867, however. Reverend A. Bryant united with the church and supplied the pulpit until February 11, 1868. In 1869, Reverend Ira P. Leland, the present pastor, was in- stalled. THE FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIBTY.l [1783. J The first minister of this denomination who preached in Topsham was Elder Benjamin Randall, who preached once or twice in John Merrill's barn about the year 1783. [1815. J The Second Parish, as already stated, was made up of both Calvinist and Free-Will Baptists. Their first pastor was Elder Purington. He sympathized in his views with the Free-Will Baptists. In 1815 he baptized six persons, who subsequentlj- joined the Free- AVill Baptist Church. The next preacher of this denomination was Elder Benjamin Thorn, who preached one season or more in the " old j'ellow meeting-house." The precise time that he was engaged with this church is not stated, but it must have been between the fall of 1815 and the fall of 1816. [1816-1 7. J In 1816, Elder George Lamb preached a few times and was succeeded by Elder Farwell, who preached to the society in 1817. [1822. J There was occasional but not regular preaching after this up to about 1822, when Elder Briggs settled for about one year. He preached a jjortion of the time in the Topsham Court House, and the remainder of the time in a hall in Brunswick village. Why services were not held in the yellow meeting-house is not known. It was not occupied bj- the Baptists, and the presumption is that the Court House was used because the meeting-house was so far out of the village. About this time the Free-Will Baptists began to leave the Calvinist 1 From a sketch of the same by the late Mr. William Whilten. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORr OF TOPSHAM. 427 Baptist Church. As the latter had given up the Second Parish Meet- ing-I-Iouse, and had been incorporated into a new societj-, it is by no means unreasonable to suppose that the former constituted then, and are now, the Second Parish. [1825-6. J In the autumn of 1825, Elders Clement Phinnej', Allen Files, and Abizer Bridges came to Topsham and preached occasionallj-. On December 15, 1825, the church was organized by Elder Bridges, who baptized the eight individuals of which it was composed. Additions continued to be made to the church, and on Saturday, February 4, 1826, a meeting was held at John Haley's, near the yellow meeting-house. At this meeting Elder Bridges, having been chosen moderator, the church elected Elder Allen Files, pastor; Andrew Jack and Joshua Haskell, deacons ; and Uriah Jack, clerk. [1830. J After five j-ears' service. Elder Files resigned, and was succeeded by Elder Dexter Waterman, in 1830. He remained but one year, and after he left the church was without a pastor and had preaching only occasionally, for about five years. During this time the church became very low and feeble. Some of its members had died, others had left town, and but a few remained who were able to be of much assistance in sustaining a preacher. [1836. J March 22, 1836, Elders George Lamb and Clement Phin- ne^' were sent by the Bowdoin Quarterly Meeting to visit the church, and try to revivify' it. Accordingly, on that day, the church met at the old red school-house and chose Elder Lamb, moderator. At the commencement of the meeting the members were ^ery much discour- aged, and were inclined to give up their organization and join other churches. Elder Lamb, however, said to them, "You ought to be ashamed to let j'our own fire go out, and then crawl in and warm yourselves b}^ another man's." This and similar remarks served to inspire them with new zeal, and thej- determined to make strenuous efforts to support a church and society. They at once voted to engage Elder Lamb to preach one half the time. As the society owned no meeting-house, the yellow one being owned by members of both Bap- tist societies, a committee was chosen to jjurchase one. This com- mittee was, however, saved from all trouble in the matter ^by Deacon Joshua Haskell, who purchased the former Baptist meeting- house or vestry (the one afterwards used as a town-house) at an expense of about three hundred and fifty dollars. Elder Lamb com- menced his pastoral labors inMaj', 1836, and remained over the church until his death, which occurred on the fourteenth of the following 428 HISTORT.OF BRUmwiCE, TOPSBAM, AND BARFSWELL. December. At the same time that Elder Lamb was preaching in the village, Elder Charles Bean was preaching in the "Mallett" neigh- borhood. He made manj' converts, who all joined the church in the village. In 1836 it was decided to build a new meeting-house. This enter- prise received the hearty encouragement of all the members, and the present building was accordingly completed in August, 1837, at an expense of $3,000. A. C. Raymond,, of Brunswick, was the builder. Previousl}' to the erection of this building a Sabbath school was organized, in which A. R. Bradbury and J. J. Butler, students in Bowdoin College, took an active part/ After the death of their pastor, Mr. J. J. Butler supplied the pulpit for a while. Elder Phinnej' also preached for a few months, but there was no one settled until May, 1837. On May 20, 1837, Elder Daniel Jackson moved to town with his family, and was settled as the pastor of this church. He remained over them until some time in 1840. [1842. J He was succeeded in the autumn of that year by Elder Andrew Rollins, who remained until the spring of 1842. [1843.] Elder Rollins was succeeded by Elder Peter Folsom, who continued until February, 1843, when he was obliged to leave, on account of illness. [1843-1840. J In the summer of 1843, Elder DanielJackson was again engaged to take the pastoral care of this church. He remained until some time in the early part of 1846. During his last pastorate, in 1843 and 1844, the "Miller" excitement prevailed in the town. The members of the church, not wishing " to stand against anj^thing that looked like truth," permitted their church to be used for the pro- mulgation of the new views. The result was a loss of some ten or more members, and some disaffection amongst those who remained; The trouble was not, however, of long duration. Elder Peter Folsom succeeded Elder Jackson, and preached for one year; when he, was himself succeeded by Elder Charles Bean, who remained about two j'ears. [1849. J In September, 1849, E. B. Fernald, a student from the Biblical School at Whitestown, received a call and commenced preaching to this church. He was ordained at the meeting-house in Topsham in October following. He remained pastor of this church about two j-ears and a half.i ^ Mr. Whitten's sketch ends at this point. He intended bringing it down to a more recent date, but his sickness and death prevented, and we are now unable to give a more complete account. ECCLESIASIICAL IlISTOliY OF TOPSI-IAM. 429 Since then the following preachers have been settled over this society : — Eeverend William T. Smith, from 1852 until 1857 ; Reverend M. W. Burlingame, from 1857 until 1863 ; Eeverend S. D. Strout, from 1863 until 1864 ; Eeverend A. A. Smith, from 1864 to 1870 ; Eeverend E. Manson, from 1870 to 1874 ; J. A. Simpson, for about six months in 1874-5, after which there was no settled minister until June, 1877, when Eeverend A. G. Hill, the present pastor, was settled over the society. ORTHODOX CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND SOCIETY. The Congregational Church was, as stated in the account of the First Parish, the cliun-h of that parish, though the socirf?/ constituted only a portion of it. The following sketch is therefore, so far as it concerns the church, a continuation of that of the First Parish. [1835. J On May 16, 1835, the church adopted their present con* fession of faith, and this date may be considered as probably the last meeting of the church prior to the dissolution of the First Parish. [1836.J In May, 1836, Eeverend J. T. Hawes, who had been set- tled over the First Parish in 1831, resigned, and was succeeded by Reverend Mr. High, who supplied the pulpit for eight weeks, by Rev- erend Ml-. Cleaveland for eleven weeks, and by Professor Smyth, of Bowdoin College, for eight months. A new house of worship' was erected this year hy voluntary subscriptions. [183 7. J In July, 1837, Reverend Thomas N. Lord commenced preaching to this societ3- and was ordained in August. He was in\ited at a joint meeting of the church and society held in the Court House in Januar3-, 1837. His salary was five hundred dollars per annum. The council for his ordination met August 7. The services were held on the next day and were as follows : — Singing by the choir ; praj-er, hy Eeverend Eay Palmer, 2d church, Bath ; singing by the choir ; sermon, by Reverend Da\id Thurston, Winthrop ; consecrating prayer, by Reverend Josiah T. Hawes, Edge- comb ; charge to pastor, by Eeverend Jacob C. Goss, A\'oolwich ; singing b}' choir ; right hand of fellowship, by Reverend George E. Adams, Brunswick ; address to church and people, by Reverend Tim- othy Davis, Litchfield ; concluding prayer, by Trofessor Smyth, Bow- doin College ; benediction, by the pastor. [1841. J At a meeting held September 21, 1841, the church passed the following resolutions : ■ — 1 The present edifice, 430 HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. " Eesolved, that we have entire confidence in the abilitj^ and piety of our pastor, and that the welfare of this church and the interests of religion in this place demand that the connection be continued. " Resolved, that in the opinion of this church, Reverend Mr. Lord has faithfully preached the gospel, and the church is willing to sustain him." The foregoing resolutions evidently indicate the existence of some dissatisfaction in the societj', though not in the church. At a joint meeting of the church and society, held Julj' 2, 1842, Mr. Lord in a verbal communication requested to have the connection severed between himself and the society, on account chief!}' of the state of his health, but partly on account of some disaffection which he thought existed. The meeting voted that Major Nahum Perkins and Matthew Patten be a committee to settle up the affairs of the society ; " that John Barron, Alfred Perkins, and Samuel Douglass be a com- mittee to take charge of the meeting-house, ring the bell, settle with the minister, etc. "That Deacon Sprague, Nahum Perkins, Given Jameson, and Alfred S. Perkins be a committee to consult with Reverend Mr. Lord concerning his request." [1842.] On Julj- 5, 1842, this committee reported that Mr. Lord still wished to dissolve his connection with them, and the church and societj- accordingly gave their assent and voted to call. an ecclesiasti- cal council. On Julj' 12 the council met, and after long deliberation agreed by a verj' small majority to sever the connection. At a church meeting, held September 18 of this year, the standing committee of the church was instructed to make an agreement with Reverend Daniel Sewall to supply the pulpit for that year, commen- cing Julj' 1, 1842, and ending July 1, 1843. He had alreadj' preached five Sabbaths. [1843. J Between October 2, 1842, and August 5, 1843, the slaverjr question began to be discussed in the church, and caused some disaffection. One member was refused a letter of recommen- dation to a church of which the members were slave-owners, and sev- eral resolutions against slavery were passed, which so offended a number of the members that they absented themselves from church meetings for some time. [1844. J At a meeting held May 16, 1844, complaint was made against several persons that they had withdrawn from the communion and had embraced " unscriptural and erroneous doctrines," having accepted the views of the Second Adventists. A committee was appointed to visit and argue the matter with them, but their argu- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 431 ments had no effect, and these individuals were excommunicated about a month later. On Julj' 14 of this j-ear a letter was received from the ncting pas- tor, Reverend David Sewall, urging the church to settle a perma- nent minister. Isaac L. Cook, Deacon Willis Sprague, and Samuel Jameson were chosen a committee ' ' to ascertain if a sufficient sum could be raised to secure a minister." [1845-6. J In August, 1845, the church extended an invitation to Reverend Jonathan Clement, of Chester, New Hampshire, to preach to them as a candidate for settlement, and on September 5, 184G, the church voted, " To concur with the parish in extending a call to the Reverend Jonathan Clement to become pastor over the church."' He accepted, and was installed February 1, 1847. [1852.] May 13, 1852, Reverend Mr. Clement and his wife were dismissed from this church, and recommended to the Congregational Church in AVoodstock, Vermont, where he had received a call to settle. During Mr. Clement's pastorate the church was prosperous, and noth- ing appears on the records save a few cases of discipline not neces- sary to be mentioned. From the time of the dismission of Mr. Clement until his successor was installed, the pulpit was supplied bj^ Professor Alpheus S. Pack- ard, of Bowdoin College. Ill December, 1852, a call was extended to Reverend John Wilde, of Falmouth, and a council was called for his installation. [1 853. J This council met January 4, 1853, and the following services were held : — Prayer, bj' Reverend P. F. Barnard ; sermon, bj' Reverend William Warren ; installing praj-er, bj^ Reverend J. W. Turner ; charge to pastor, by Reverend J. W. Elllingwood; right hand of fellowship, by Reverend George E. Adams, D.D. ; address to people, by Rev- erend J. O. Fisk ; concluding jjraj-er, by Reverend E. Whittlesey ; benediction, bj- the pastor. [1854. J On August 19, 1854, a letter was received from Mr. Wilde asking to ha\e a council called to act upon his request for a dissolution of the pastoral relation, the reason of his request be- ing the inadequacy of his salary. In compliance with this request the church, August 21, voted to call a council. This council met shortly afterwards, and dissolved the relation between the pastor and church. [1856. J After Mr. Wilde left, Reverend James M. Palmer supplied the pulpit for one year. He was followed by Reverend J. Q. Peabody, 432 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. of Ipswich, Mass., who supplied till October, 1856, when he accepted a call to settle at Fiyeburg. In December, 1856, Reverend Daniel F. Potter, of Union, was invited to preach for a few Sabbaths. He was then invited to settle, but declined, agreeing, however, to preach to the soi.ietj during their mutual pleasure. [18 65-6. J June 3, 1865, Mr. Potter notified the church that on account of ill-health he should be unable to preach any more. Between this date and June, 1866, the desk was supplied bj' Professors Pack- ard and Sewall, of Bowdoin College, and hj Reverend Elijah Kellogg, of Boston. [1868.] During the j-ear 1868 a new and handsome spire was erected on the meeting-house, and the whole building was remodelled. [1869-1875. J On P'ebruar}- 4, 1869, the building was redodicated. The services of the occasion were as follows : — Invocation, bj' Reverend Mr. Bryant, of the Baptist Church; read- ing of Scriptures, by Reverend Mr. Potter ; sermon, by Professor Jotham S. Sewall, of Bowdoin College; dedicatory prayer, by Rev- erend Doctor Adams, of Brunswick ; hymn, prayer, and benediction, hj Reverend Mr. Smith, of the Free Baptist Church, Topsham. From the records of this church the following facts have been gleaned : — The number admitted to the church up to 1821 was .... 22 up to 1871 was . . . . . 263 "Whole number admitted on confession . 238 " " " by letter . . .25 " " dismissed » 49 " " suspended . . 5 " " excommunicated . 6 who died up to 1874 , . . . .92 The number of infants baptized between October, 1833, and Julj', 1871, was thirtj'-four, — twenty-two bo3"S and twelve girls. The number of members in 1874 was one hundred and twelve, of which the males numbered seventy-eight and the females one hundred and eighty-five. Reverend Nahum W. Grover has preached for this societ}* since the fall of 1875. THE U]SriTAEIAN SOCIETY. Previous to the formation of the Orthodox Congregational Society, in 1836, the First Parish had ceased to hold meetings as such. A ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 433 majority of the owners of pews in the second meeting-house of the First Parish being Unitarians, meetings were held in the meeting- house for many years, which were conducted by Unitarian preachers. The first preacher of this denomination who ever conducted relig- ious services here is thought to have been a Reverend Mr. Greeley,' who preached on one occasion in the old east meeting-house. He was afterwards a deacon of Doctor Channing's church, in Boston. [1836-1838. J Reverend H. Edes preached in town on December 11, 1836, whether for more than one Sunday is not known. He was followed by Reverend Mr. Russell, Reverend J. O. Day, Reverend Mr. Crafts, and Reverend G. M. Rice. The engagement of the latter commenced in August, 1837, and ended August 25, 1839. [1839. J On the date last mentioned Reverend Amos D. Wheeler, then of Standish, preached on an exchange with Mr. Rice. The same evening a committee of the " subscribers for the support of Unitarian preaching " invited him to take charge of the pulpit for the term of three j-ears, that being the unexpired portion of the time for which their subscriptions had been made. The committee consisted of the following persons : — Humphrey Purinton, William Frost, Benjamin Hasey, Gardner Green, Charles Thompson, John Coburn, and John S. Gushing. The invitation was accepted, and he removed to Topsham with his familj' on the twentj^-sixth day of October of that j^ear, having in the mean time preached there two or three times. From fear of losing tljeir rights as members of the First Parish, this society refrained from asking for an Act of Incorporation, neither was any church formally constituted by council, according to Congregational usage. The pastor, however, did collect together into a church such as were willing to sign the following covenant : — "'One Is your Master even Christ, and all ye are hrethren.' — Matthew xxlli, 8. " ' One shall say, I am the Lord's, and another shall call himself by the name of Jacob, and another shall subscribe with his own hand unto the Lord.' — Isaiah xliv, 5. "We whose names are hereunto annexed, receiving the Bible as the rule of our faith and practice, do hereby associate for our mutual improvement in trath and holiness, as the disciples of Christ. And we declare it to be our sincere desire and pui-pose, as far as lieth in us, to walk in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord 28 434 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. blameless, and to cherisli and maintain towards all Christians ' the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.' " From the pastor's records the following names of the communi- cants are obtained. The date at which they joined the church is not given : — John Coburn, Nathaniel Dunning, John S. Gushing, Joseph N. Dunning, Amos D. Wheeler, Charles H. Wheeler, Javan H. Hall, Mr. Bicknell, Joshua Young, John M. Goodwin, George N. Richard- son, Mr. Talbot, Mr. Fitch, Mr. Moreton, John D. Coburn, .Sarah E. Purinton, Sarah C. Cushing, Isabella M. Dunning, Delia A. Dunning, Mary W. Green, Mary A. Green, Mary Thompson, Harriet N. Houghton, Louisa A. Wheeler, Mary B. H. Wheeler, Annie E. Thompson, Sarah A. Thompson, Hannah Rogers, Mrs. Coburn, Mrs. Dunning, Mrs. N. Walker, Mrs. H. Purinton, Mrs. Sarah Thompson, Miss Palmer, Miss Webb, Mrs. Shaw, Elizabeth W. Purinton, Pen- thea S. Hall. Manj' of these members belonged in Brunswick, and some of the males were students in college. During the pastorate of Reverend Doctor Wheeler in this town the average attendance at meeting was about one hundred. The building, having been erected for the accommodation of the whole town, was of course too large for any one of the four societies which then existed in the town, and consequently the attendance at the Unitarian services always appeared smaller than it really was. Although small in num- bers, it had, however, its full share of the intelligence and pecuniary ability of the community. [1850. J At the expiration of a little more than ten years from the settlement of their last pastor, arrangements were made to unite the two -'liberal" societies of Brunswick and Topsham. The arrangements were completed and went into effect in November, 1850. [1853. J In 1853 the " proprietors of the Unitarian Meeting-House in Topsham " obtained authority from the legislature to sell it. It was accordingly sold, and in December of that year taken down and removed to a ship-yard at Middle Bays, owned by Robert Pennell, Jr., and others, where it was erected into a boarding-house. The ministerial fund of the First Parish came into the hands of the pew-holders of the Unitarian Society. It amounted in 1836 to seven hundred and thirty-six dollars and sixty-one cents. This sum was in the hands of various individuals, who gave their notes for the several amounts in their possession. After the transference of the preaching to Brunswick, these notes were unintentionally allowed to become out- ECCLESIASTICAL HIsrORY OF TOPSHAM. 435 lawed, and the fund has thus become lost beyond recoYery, some of the parties owing the money having died. Nothing, therefore, now remains in Topsham to remind one of the old First Parish Society except the graveyard attached to the old first meeting-house. CHURCH AND SOCIETY OF THE SECOND ADVENTISTS. About the year 1843 an individual by the name of Starkweather came to town, and preached the peculiar views of this society in the Free Will Baptist Meeting-House. He was succeeded by several others of the followers of " Joe Miller," and quite a number of converts were made, some coming from nearly all the churches. A society was formed and regular meetings were held on Saturday. The society owned no place of worship, but were accustomed to meet at the houses of members. About the year 1844 a paper was issued for a short time by this societj- . It was devoted exclusively to the dissemination of their religious views. Several predictions were made as to the second coming of the Messiah, and on at least one occasion prepara- tions were made for the event. The society gradually dwindled away, though meetings of its members were held each Saturdaj^ until about 1852. OTHER DENOMINATIONS. No other religious society was ever formed in this town, but other denominations have occasionally had preaching here for a short time, — the Universalists in the Court House in 1841,i and the Methodists and Episcopalians, and perhaps others, at other times. 1.4. D. Wheeler's Diary. 43(5 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. CHAPTER XIV. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOET OF HAKPSWELL. . The early settlers of Harpswell belonged, for the most part, either to the Congregational or to the Church of England denomination. i There were, however, ampngst them a few Quakers, who set up a monthly meeting about the year 1751. The inhabitants at first contributed to the support of preaching in the First Parish of North Yarmouth, as it appears from the records of that town that on April 16, 1744, the town excused the inhabitants of Merriconeag from paying the minis- ter's rate for that year. In 1761 Merriconeag became a parish, styled the Second Parish in North Yarmouth, and from this time, if not before, voluntarily employed a minister of their own. The first was Reverend Richard Pateshall, a graduate of Harvard College. He preached for two or three years, but was not permanently settled. He was succeeded by Reverend Mr. Packard, who preached only for a short time. [1753. J In 1753 a church was formed and Reverend Elisha Eaton was settled. The council that met to ordain him assembled at the house of Lieutenant Eaton, it being the only house in town, at that date, that had plastered rooms. ^ [1758-9. J In 1758 and 1759 the meeting-house on Merriconeag Neck was built, though it was not entirely completed for many years. This building will be more particularlj' described in another chapter. In 1758 the town voted that " the Selectmen should proportion the preaching on the Island according to the Rates they pay, and to loose an equal proportion of the time that is deficient." Also to pay four shillings for each Sabbath to the persons who convej^ed Mr. Eaton to the Island. On May 19, 1759, the town voted that Mr. Eaton should preach " in the meeting-house for the future, except foul weather prevents." The selectmen were authorized to hire persons to convey him to the 1 Kellocjg, MS. Lecture. ^Ibid. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HARPSWKLL. 437 Island. In 1760 the town voted that the people on the Island should be taxed in proportion to the amount of preaching they had. These votes show clearly that Mr. Eaton, thus early, was accustomed to preach on Sebascodigan Island, as well as on the Neck. But little is known concerning the affairs of this church during the ten or eleven years' pastorate of Mr. Eaton ; no records have been found, and even our knowledge of its existence at that time, as an organized church, is traditional. What Mr. Eaton's salary was is not known with cer- tainty. In 17.58 the town raised for that purpose sixty-five pounds, in 1760 seventy pounds, and in 1762 seventy-five pounds. [1704. J Reverend Elisha Eaton died on Sunday morning, April 22, 1764, aged sixty-two j-ears. On M&j 22 a committee was chosen to supply the pulpit with a minister. The town also at this meeting voted £37 7s. to defray Mr. Eaton's funeral expenses, and " to give the widow of the Deceased Rev'd Mr. Eaton a Decent sute of mourning." On July 3d of this year the town voted to pay William Modg- ridge eight shillings, for making Mr. Eaton's coffin, and to pay a Mr. Babb five shillings for assisting in making the coffin and digging the grave. On July 1 7th the town voted to give Reverend Samuel Eaton, the son of their former pastor, an invitation to settle with them, the vote having been unanimous on the part of the church and congregation. It was also voted to give him £120 as a settlement and to pay £40 a year until the settlement was paid. £66 13s. 4d. was also voted as his 3'earlj' salary. Benjamin Jaques and Nathaniel Purinton were chosen to represent the town in the committee chosen by the church to deliver the invitation. At a meeting of the town, held August 27, it was voted that the " minister should go to the Island called Great Island, fifteen Sab- baths a year, j-early, allowing each day that is apjjointed by s* Minis- ter to be one of s'^ fiufteen days, and the Minister to go when he pleases till the fifteen daj-s each year are completed." The town, at this meeting, also voted to fix upon a place for a meeting-house on the Great Island. For some reason the invitation voted to Mr. Eaton seems to have been unsatisfactory, and accordingly it was renewed by both the town and the church, at a meeting held on the nineteenth of September. At this latter meeting a committee was chosen to make the arrange- ments for his ordination. He was ordained the following October. [1765. J In May, 1765, the town voted an appropriation of £206 438 msTosY of Brunswick, topsham, and haspswell. 6.S. lid., old tenor, to defray the charges attendant upon this ordi- nation. No further action appears to have been taken by the town in regard to ecclesiastical matters for some j-ears, and no parish or church records have been found of an earlier date than the 3-ear 1770. The first church records of Harpswell that are to be found begin with a church meeting, held August 2, 1770, on Sebascodigan Island, at which Isaac Suow was chosen deacon. At a subsequent church meeting, October 24, 1770, the following preamble and votes were passed : — " We that thro' God's Goodness, have been combin'd, & are still continued a C'hh. of his, having heretofore consented unto the Cove- nant of Grace, according to the gracious Terms whereof, we have made Choice of the Lord Jehovah, Father, Son & Spirit as our God, and of the Lord Jesus Christ as the glorious Mediator, upon whose Fullness of Merit & Power we rely, as well to be strengthened for the Duties, as to be invested with y° Blessings of that well ordered Covenant ; being withall sensible y' our Justification by Faith in the Eighteousness of him who is a Saviour and Surety for us, does verj'' strongly oblidge us to close with all the Commands of God, as holy, just & good, and as those Rules, in Conformity to which alone, our Peace can be lengthened out : y' its our Duty to walk circumspectly, not as Fools but as wise, redeeming the Time, because the Daj's are evil, and calling to Mind y'^ sinful! Miscarriages of some Professors, who are Spots in our Feasts of Charitj', and our Duty to Watch over y"" for their good ; and considering further that the Doors of the Chh. do not bj' God's Appointment stand so wide open, y' all sorts of Per- sons good & bad may freely enter in at their pleasure ; j'' the Eunuch of Ethiopia was examin'd by Philip ; y' the Angle of the Chh. of Ephesus is commended for trying such as said thej' were Apostles, and were not ; and y' twelve Angles were set at y' Gates of y° Temple, lest such as were ceremoniallj'' unclean should enter thereinto, (2 Chron. 23,19. Mat. 13, 25, & 22, 12. Acts 8, 37. Rev. 2, 2, & 21, 12,) Have accordingly conveined at a Chh. Meeting, at the Meeting House duly notified by the Pastor, this 24 Oct". 1770, and made the following Resolves : — " The Rev. Samuel Eaton Moderator. " 1. Voted, that it is the Intention of this Chh. according to' the best of their knowledge, to adhere closely to y° sacred Scripture for their Guide, and to the Rules therein contained for their mode of Dis- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 439 cipline, and to come into no Resolves, for whicli they have not a divine "Warrant. "2. Voted, J-' it would be a great evil in us, if we should not accord"^ to y» best of our Capacity, attend & support y" Institutions of God in the Midst of us, & that Chh. Discipline w"'' he has commanded in his Word, that there may be Nothing wanting thereunto. " 3. Vvted, y' it is the Opinion of this Chh. y' the receiving into Chh. Communion, or w' is called owning the Covenant, those persons who live prayerless in their Families, is a scandal to our holy Religion. Therefore, "4. Voted, }•' this Chh. will not for y" future receive into Chh. Communion, or what is called owning the Covenant, those persons who live prayerless in their Families. "5. Voted, y' it is the Opinion of this Chh. y' maliciously to make, or injuriously to spread abroad any false Report, or Reports to y' Injurj- of the Innocent, is detestable in the sight of God, & ought to be so to us. Therefore, " 6. Voted, y' if anj' chh. Member or p'sons in Covenant, shall maliciousl}' make, or injuriously spread abroad any false Report, or Reports, to the Injury of the Innocent, he or she, upon Conviction by the Mouth of two or three witnesses, shall be lyable to y'^ censure of this Church, as those who sin, are to be rebuked before all. " 7. Vttd, y' if any Chh. Member, absent him or herself from the Oi'dinance of the Lord's Supper, in its stated administration, he or she, shall be accounted in the eye of the Chh. as a disorderly Walker, & guilty of the Breach of his or her Covenant Obhgations. " 8. Voted, }-' it is the Opinion of this chh. that the Custom of young People, of both ssxes, getting together in the Night, in those Companies for Mirth & Jollity, Fiddling and Dancing y' they call Frolicks, so spending the Time together till late in the Night, in their Jollity, to the neglect of family Prayer, and violating all Order, is a sin detestable in the sight of God, & ought to be so to us. There- fore, " 9. Voted, y' if any chh. Member, or Members, or p'sons in Covenant, shall assemble at those places, where such things are, or allow of the same in their Houses sh" come under the censure of this Chh. so far as to be debarr'd Chh. priviledges, til they give Scripture Satisfaction. " 10. Voted, y' it is the Opinion of this Chh. f Churches ought to preserve Communion one w* another, because y}- are all united unto Christ, not only as a mistical, but as a political Head : Therefore 440 mSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWEhL. " 11. Voted, y' this Chh. will not hold Communion w* the Mem- ber of another regular Chh. who is imd' the Censure or Suspension of ,y' Chh. til he or she gives that Satisfaction agree'''^ to Scripture, & as practiced by the Chh' in N. England. " 12. Voted, y' Mess" Edw'^ Cuningham, Benj" Jaques, and Jacob Blake, be a Committee for the Neck, and John Snow & Nath i'urington for the Island called great Sebascodigin, to inspect y" walk of Professors, and enquire into Reports if any there may be, and accordingly make Report to the Pastor. "13. Voted, y' it is the Opinion of this Chh. y' for Profes- sors unnecessarily to frequent a Tavern on the Lords Day there to spend some part of it needlessly drinking spirituous Liquor, is a sin detestable in the sight of God, and ought to be so to us. Therefore, " 14. Voted, y' if any Professor shall unnecessarily frequent any Tavern on the Lord's Day, or there repair with a view needlesslj' to drink spirituous Liquor, or shall at any Time be guilty of Drunkeness, or drinking to excess, he or she shall come und' the Censure of this Church. "15. Voted, y' it is y" Opinion of this Chh. that some provision be made by them, for the Relief of such Chh. Members, (being well re- ported of) as are by the providence of God cast into indigent Circum- stances. Therefore, " 16. Voted, y' Messrs. Edward Cuningham, Ben* Jaques, and Jacob Blake, be a Committee for the Neck, and John Snow & Nathan- iel Purington for the Island, y' if any Chh. Members, who conduct according to the Gosple, and are well reported of but hj the provi- dence of God are cast into those circumstances w"*^ necessarily call for Releif, may apply to, and the Committee to make it known to the Pastor, and the Pastor to call the Brethren together that they may judge of their Case, and accord^ to their Liberality releive them. "17.' Voted, y' this Chh. will receive No Report unless proved by the Mouth of Two or Three "Witnesses. " 18. Voted, y' these Resolves be entered upon the Chh. Records, and publicly read upon the Lords Day. " A true Copy from the Minutes examined and attested, "By Saml. Eaton, Moderator. " Consented to " Saml Eaton, Pastor.''' ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 441 [1777. J At a meeting held May 29, 1777, Joseph Ewing was chosen a deacon. [1784. ] At a church meeting held at the meeting-house, May 31, 1784, it was voted that tliose who desired church privileges should be examined before the church, and that those living holy lives might have their children baptized though thej' themselves were not church mem- bers. That the deacons should be a committee to inspect the walk of church members, and that the pastor had liberty, " provided he sees his way clear, to baptize by Immersion those who conscientiously desire it, provided they give Satisfaction to the Church of their Faith' in Christ & live holy Lives." At a meeting held August 31, 1786, the church unanimously voted to rescind the seventeenth vote, in regard to receiving reports against members, that was passed October 24, 1770. [1787.] The previous unanimity in regard to religious affairs in this town began to be disturbed about this time. At a meeting of the town, held in March, 1787, it was voted that those persons who did not intend to pay the minister's tax should give in their names to the committee chosen for the purpose, and should give their reasons to this committee in writing. The committee were to report at a subse- quent meeting, but no such report is in the records. [1803. J At a church meeting, held on April 28, 1803, James Wilson was unanimously chosen a deacon. [1806. J This j-ear the town voted that Mr. Eaton need preach only in the west meeting-house, on account of the difficulty of a per- son of his age going to and from the Island. [1813.] At the annual meeting of the town in 1813 it was agreed that Mr. Eaton should preach only in the west part of the town that year, and that the inhabitants of Great Island should be .exempt from paying a tax for his support, " excepting the Ewings." The reason for thus excepting one family was undoubtedly because they lived so near, — just across the Narrows, — and could easily and were accustomed to attend the meetings on the Neck ; and also because they were strong supporters of Mr. Eaton and were well-to-do people. A special town meeting was held in September of this year, at which John Blake, Isaiah Snow, and Paul Eaymond were chosen a committee " to go and converse with the Rev'd Samuel Eaton." The nature of the conversation is not recorded, but it may have been in regard to the taxing for his support of residents upon Sebascodigan Island, as following the record of the meeting is this entry : — 442 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. " Haepswell, Sept. 3* , 1813. " I hereby Certify that I do from this Date for Ever Relinquish the Civil Contract between great Sebascodegin Island and my Self. " Samuel Eaton "Anthony Coombs, Jb. Marlboro Sylvester "Marlboro Sylvester T. Clerk" [1818. J At a special meeting of the town, held July 13, Marlboro Sylvester, Sylvester Stover, and Peleg Curtis were chosen to effect a settlement of accounts with Mr. Eaton. Their report was as follows : — ' ' We the subscribers chosen a Committee bj- the Town of Harps- well to settle with the Rev'd Sam'l Eaton in behalf of said Town, have attended the service of our appointment the 13"" day of Jul}- 1818 and we find that since the last settlement, which was up to July 13* 1813, there is due to him from the Town, for five years past ser- vices, the sum of $1115. to this date, of which one third part was relinquished to Great Sebascodegin Island, which was $371.66, leaving a balance due to him from the westerly part of said town of $743.34. "Marlbko' Sylvester") Sylvester Stover [■ CommiUee " Peleg Curtis j Following this report in the town records is this entry : — " I do relinquish to the Town of Harpswell the whole of the above balance and acknowledge all accounts settled and balanced up to the above date of July 13th 1818. " Samuel Eaton." The reason whj' Mr. Eaton chose to relinquish so large a sum which was justly his due requires some explanation. The attendance upon his services was a,t this time small. The Baptists had with- drawn, many citizens objected to being taxed for the support of a minister, and some had absolutely refused to pay their taxes. The parish officers did not like to urge payment, for fear of creating still further opposition, which would result in the further injury of the parish, and thus the unpaid taxes were allowed to accumulate. Mr. Eaton could have compelled the town to pay the amount, but he relinquished it for the sake of harmony. Probably about this time, though the exact date is nowhere given, Reverend Mr. Samuel Eaton resigned his pastorate. From an exami- nation of the church records, it appears that while Mr. Eaton had charge of this church, he baptized five hundred and eighty-four male ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HAHPSWELL. 443 cliilflren, five hundred and thirty-five female children, nine adult males, seventeen adult females, and two children of whom the sex was not designated, making in all one thousand one hundred and forty- seven persons baptized by him. In this connection, the following document, obtained from an account-book of Reverend Elisha Eaton, will prove entertaining. It is certainly in the handwriting of Reverend Samuel Eaton, and is probably a portion of some report of his to the Missionary Associ- ation. From the number of baptisms recorded, it must have been written — judging from the list of baptisms in the church records — about the j-ear 1767. " If I am not mistaken in my Calculat" I have preached 40 Serm"' exclusive of Sabbath, & the N° of Baptisms stands thus, — Childn . . . 157 Adults ... . . .11 Total ... ... 168 " I now beg leave to make a few gen' Remarks. The pple who were y^ Objects of my mission, are, in y" main in a broken State as to Religion. So far as I am able to judge, I impute it to y° multi- plicity of lay preachers, and y'^ paucitj' of those who are regular and learned. Y^ are an open Prey to everj' Imposter. Missionaiies (as manj- well inclined & who even tremble for y° Ark of G. observed to me) were ne\er more needed y" at this Daj'. I have found some, I believe, who know genuine religion, who are clear & distinguishing in their fictions, & are not carried about bj^ every Wind of Doctrine. Others who app' to me to boil over w* Enthusiasm,' others who are thotless of y' w°'' ought to be their chief Concern, and others who were enquiring w' yy should do to be saved. I feel for y° pple ; jy need Guides, yy need Instruction, yy need y' right sort of preach". May G. of his infinite Mercy prevent their perishing for lack of vision. In my Public Discourses, as well as private Conv'sation, I endeav- oured to distinguish between Truth & Error, an imaginary & true religion, & y° Operat" of both — to reclaim y* Erroneous — To detect y° Hj'pocrite, to encourage & help y° inquiring, to warn y° hardened Sinn', to comfort those who mourn in Zion, & to establish y" true Xtian. Neither have I omitted y' Inculcation of morality, & y= necessity of encouraging human Literature &c. " So far as I am acquainted y" pple are hospitable, have treated me w"* great respect & kindness, & all Denominations have industriously attended my preach^ on the Sabb"" and Lectures. 444 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. " I praj' G. to water y^ seed w""", &c, & to have j-" uud' his keeping and Guidance,- to bless y" w* spiritn' & tem[poral] Favours, & j-' each memb' of j" Societj- may be reward'* w* an hund'' fold here, & here- after w"> an unfading Crown of Glory. I conclude ouly w* adding y' I have endeavoured to execute my Mission in a mann' most agreeable to y' Intentions of y' Society." [1823. J The earliest records of the First Parish that have come to our hands commence August 23, 1823. At this meeting Jonathan Johnson was chosen moderator ; Joseph Eaton, clerk ; Samuel Skol- field, treasurer ; Benjamin Dunning, collector ; George Skolfield and Jonathan Johnson, assessors ; Benjamin Dunning, Joseph Eaton, and Deacon James Wilson, a standing committee. This committee was to supply the pulpit until the middle of November, from the money that had already been subscribed. The church this year, at a meeting held December 30, voted " to assent to the Cumberland Church Constitution." [1826. J At a parish meeting held Ajjril 15, it was voted that the committee for supplying the pulpit be also a committee " to admit or reject the application of Strangers and others who may wish to hold meetings in the Meeting House." [1828. J The parish at a meeting held July 14, 1828, voted, though not with unanimity', to give Reverend Ebenezer Halping an invitation to settle as their pastor. They also voted that the money for his sup- port should be raised by subscription, and that James Orr, Sylvester Stover, and Joseph Eaton be a committee to wait upon Mr. Halping and see for what sum he would agree to settle with them. The p'arish also choose a committee of three to confer with a like committee of the Baptist Society, " to see if they concitute [conciliate?] Matters." At a meeting held August 4, it was voted that '• Captain James Orr be a committee to go and see Mr. Halping and state to him the means that we have to settle him and know if he would accept." It was also voted that Mr. Halping should have what he could obtain from the Cumberland Conference in addition to what the parish gave. [1829. J On January 21 the church voted to have a copy of the covenant and articles of faith distributed to each family connected with the church. [1830. j At a meeting of the parish on April 12, 1830, it was voted to supplj^ the pulpit for that j-ear b^^ subscription, and it is therefore most likelj' that Mr. Halping did not accepit the call, though he may have supplied the pulpit for a while. At a meeting held De- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 445 cember 20, the parish voted to hire Reverend Moses Welch for one year at a salary of four hundred dollars. [1831. J On October 3 the parish and church united in extending an invitation to Reverend William Harlow, who had been preaching to them through the summer, to settle as their pastor, provided thej' could obtain the sum of two hundred dollars, and that he should obtain what sum he could from the Maine Missionary Society and the Cumberland County Conference. At a meeting held December 7. it was decided to have a stove in the meeting-house. Reverend Mr. Harlow accepted the invitation to settle, and at this meeting it was determined that the council for his installation should be entertained by individuals without expense to the parish. [1832. J Mr. Harlow was ordained and installed January 25, 1832. The services were as follows : — - Praj-er, by Reverend Mr. Adams ; sermon, by Reverend Mr. Mit- timore ; installing prayer and charge, by Reverend Mr. Ellingwood ; right hand of fellowship, by Reverend Mr. Adams ; address to the people, bj' Reverend Mr. Hawes. Following the above in the church records appears the following entrj^ : — " The Reverend Mr. Harlow took the liberty (without asking the consent of his people) to absent himself from them from the ninth of July to the thirteenth or fourteenth of August, 1832, therefore it may be considered that the civil contract expired the day he went away." This was signed, not bj- the real, but bj' an acting clerk. This mis- take of taking a vacation without the consent of his parishioners was, however, afterwards rectified. [1833.] At a parish meeting held November 9, 1833, it was voted to allow him four Sabbaths a year in which to visit his friends. A vote was also passed at this meeting that the Maine Missionarj' Society should be asked to give Mr. Harlow fiftj' dollars that year. The same request was made for several years in succession. [1834.] At a meeting of the church in April of this year at the house of Stephen Sinnett, it was voted ■' that the record relative to the Reverend Wilham Harlow, on the foregoing page, was made with- out the knowledge or approbation of the said church." [1837.] At a meeting of the church held in May, 1837, in compli- ance with the vote of a council that was held in September of the pre- vious year, the acting clerk, who had been excommunicated on account of his entry in the records and his subsequent conduct, was restored to the fellowship of the church. At this meeting also. Deacon Simeon 446 HISTORY OF BliUNSWICK, TOPSJIAM, AND KABPSWELL. On- and Benjamin Dunning were chosen a committee " to request Mr. Harlow to ask a dismission, if he declined to invite a council." [1838-1 840. J Mr. Harlow probably resigned in the winter of 1838, perhaps earlier. From March, 1839, to March, 1840, the pulpit was supplied in turn by Reverends Clark, Cornish, Gillett, Kenderick, Puriugton, Merrill, Parsons, and Peasley. The dismission of Mr. Harlow, or some other cause, seems to have produced considerable disaffection in the church, and during the year 1838 several members of the church were suspended or excommunicated. Reverend Jotham Sewall, of Freeport, filled the pulpit for a while after Mr. Harlow left, and at a church meeting, held February 29, 1840, it was voted, "That the thanks of this church be presented to the church in Freeport for the faithful and interesting labors of their pastor with us of late." [1843. J About this time a new meeting-house was built and a new society formed. Though the church and society of the First Parish probably continued to exist for some time after this event, j'et no records were kept after the j'ear 1844, and the preaching was probably only occasional in the old meeting-hoase. The church organization maj' have connected itself with the new societj-. FIEST BAPTIST CHUECH AKD SOCIETY. The first Baptist preaching in Harpswell was in the j'ear 1783, by Reverend Isaac Case and Mr. Potter. The former preached twenty- five sermons to the people on Great Island in the course of a few months. There was some opposition, and Mr. Case said that he was treated '-rather coolly'' by Reverend Samuel Eaton. On the nine- teenth of Januarj-, 1785, a church was organized on this island by Reverend Messrs. Case and J. Macomber. It consisted of thirtj-one members, of whom only a portion belonged in Harpswell. A short time after the organization of this church Mr. Potter was baptized and united with it, and on October 6, 1785, he was ordained as an evangelist by Messrs. Case and Macomber, Mr. Case preaching the sermon for the occasion. Elder Potter soon received an invita- tion and took the pastoral charge of this church. During his ministry about twentj' were added to it. He resigned in 1788. In 1790, Elder Ehsha Snow, of Thomaston, was ordained as his successor, and preached about two years. He was succeeded by Reverend Samuel Woodard, of Brunswick, who was ordained at his own house, October 11, 1792. Elder Woodard resigned his charge in the latter part of 1801, and was succeeded by Reverend Samuel Mariner, who ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HAEPSWELL. 447 was ordained in January, 1802. Elder Mariner remained as pastor until his death in 1832. After the death of Elder Mariner, up to the year 1845, this church had no settled minister, though its pulpit was supplied the greater part of the time by Elders S. Owen, Henry Kendall, D. Pierce, William Johnson, J. Butler, and N. Hooper. This church has had at different times several distinct names. At first it was called the Harpswell Church, then Harpswell and Bruns- wick, and later it went by the name of the East Brunswick Church. The whole number of members up to the j'ear 1843 was about two hundred and fifty.' Eeference has been made to this church in the preceding chapter. SECOND BAPTIST CHUKCH AND SOCIETY OF HAEPSWELL. [1827.] This church was organized November 13, 1827. The records commence with the following : — " "We whose Names are hereunto affixed — Having a hope that God has Renewed our Hearts by his rich Grace, and has made it our duty to Glorify him on the Earth — We feel a desire to be embodied into a visible Predestinarian Baptist Church that we may More perfectly Glorify him and enjoy the ministration of his word and ordinances." The above was si^ed by : — John L; Lambert, Elizabeth Lambert, Hannah Thomas, Lozana Alexander, Jane Wilson, Robert B. Gardner, Lucy Ann Farr, James S. Wyer, Mar\- Alexander, Norton Stover, Joshua Bishop, Patience Bishop, Isabella Merryman, Perry Alexander, Eosanna Alexander, Margaret Wj-er, David Wilson, 2d, James Wilson, Jr. At a meeting held November 3, 1827, the following was sent to the Baptist churches in Topsham and Brunswick, and to the ^'■Harpswell Church in Brunswick." " Beloved Brethren : we wish you to send us your Elders and such brethren as you may think proper, to sit with us in Council for the pur- pose of organizing us into a Predestinarian Baptist Church, to meet with us at the Lower School House on the Neck, on Tuesday the 13th inst. at 10 o'clock a. m." In reply to this request the Topsham church sent Elder Henry Ken- dall, Ebenezer Whittemore, and James Cook ; the Brunswick church sent Elder Benjamin Titcomb, David Given, Jr., and Samuel Given; the Harpswell church in Brunswick sent Elder Samuel Mariner, Robert ' Theforegoing account is taken from a " History of the Baptists in Maine," by Rev- erend J. Millet, 1845. 448 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAIiPSWELL. Jordan, and Henry Jordan. This council met Xovember 13, and after choice of officers, they examined into the faith and order of the candi- dates, and voted to give them the right hand of fellowship. The services were as follows : — Prayer, by Mr. Hall ; sermon, by Reverend Henry Kendall ; after which the members arose and received the right hand of fellowship as a sister church ; praj^er, by Elder Mariner. [1828. j At a meeting held January 5, 1828, William Randall and John L. Lambert were confirmed as deacons. [IK.SI . J The first elder to preach to them seems to have been Elder Kendall in 1831. [1846-1 850. J Elder Pinkham preached to them in 1846, and at a church meeting held August 15. 1847, he was formally invited to settle as their pastor. He was dismissed at his own request on October 4, 1850. [1853-54. J Elder L. Barrows began to 'preach to this church about May, 1853, and on November 5 formallj' united with them. In Juh", 1854, he was dismissed in order to unite with the Baptist Church in Kennebunk. [1856. J Elder J. Hutchinson of the Maquoit church in Brunswick preached occasionallj- after the dismissal of Elder Barrows, and on August 25, 1856, having been dismissed bj* the Maquoit church, was received into the fellowship of this church. [1860. J In 1859, Elder Nelson was preaching to them; and on August 5, 1860, Elder Evans was sent as a delegate to a meeting of the Baptist Association, so it is safe to infer that he was preaching to this church. [1862. J April 5, 1862, Revei'end H. Perkins was received as a member of this church. On December 3 he received a certificate to enable him to join the church at Mechanic Falls, where he was already' settled . [1865.] On February 4, 1865, Elder N. P. Everett was admitted to fellowship. [1866. J On August 4, 1866, Elder Sargent was chosen a delegate to the association. [1869. J On August, 1869, Elder R. Goud was settled as pastor; and on the following twenty-fifth of December, Elder Everett was dismissed. [1874. J On July 4, 1874, Reverend William R. Millett and wife were received into the church by letter from the church in South Auburn. He died in August, 1875. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HABPSWELL. 44 9 The last entry in the church records is dated December 5, 1874. At this meeting it was voted to discontinue the Sunday school, and to hold Sabbath prayer-meetings immediately after the morning service instead of the evening. THE FIRST FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY. This society was organized on Great Island, April 17, 1817. The following are the names of the original members : — Daniel Curtis, Stephen Purinton, Anthony Coombs, Arthur Hall, John Snow, Swanzey Wilson, JaueDingley, Euth Snow, Mary Purin- ton, Mary Rich, Desire Dingley, Sally Kemp, Mary Totman, Mary Raymond, Polly Purington, Fanny Merritt,' Martha Hall, Deborah Rich, Mary Linscott, Betsey Rich, Almira Purinton, Mary Purinton, Hannah Totman, Ruth Page, Joanna Curtis, Hannah Curtis, Sally Dingley, PrisciUa Purinton, Eunice H. Purinton, and Hannah Dingley. Reverend George Lamb, of Brunswick, was the settled minister from the organization of the society until his death, in 1835 or 1836. From that time until 1839 the pulpit was supplied by transient preachers. In 1839, Reverend O. W. Smith was settled over the church until 1842, and during this time sixty members were added to it. From 1843 to 1854, Reverend Levi Hersey was the pastor. From 1857 to 1860, Reverend Da^dd Libby Hind was settled, and during his pastorate thirty-five new members were added to the church. In 1866, Reverend L. C. Burr was settled for three years. Since then Reverend Messrs. D. Libby, A. Libby, Heath, and Prescott have supplied the pnlpit. The meeting-house of this society is the Free Union Baptist Meeting- House on Great Island. It was built by subscription in 1843. This societj' is now feeble and the number of its members is small. They are also quite scattered through the town. Its present member- ship is but thirty-two. THE SECOND, OR OER'S ISLAND FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY. This society was organized, in 1858, by Reverend J. Fuller. Its original members were : — George W. Card, Reuben Dyer, John Black, Cummings Alexander, Sarah Dyer, Mary Green, Martha Sinnett, Adahne Orr, Henrietta Siuriett, Patience Orr, and Jane Alexander. This society uses the Orr's Island Union Meeting-House, which was 1 The only one iiow living. 29 450 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. bnilt about 1855, alternately with the other societies owning the build- ing. The society is quite small, its present membership being but thirty. No facts have been obtained as to the ministers who have had charge of it. PIKST TJNIVERSALIST SOCIETY IN HAEPSWELL. [1838.] The first preaching of Universalist doctrines in Harps- well was in April, 1838. Reverend Seth Stetson visited Harpswell at this time, and preached two sermons to about thirty hearers in the Number Two School-House on the Nccfe. [1839. J The next summer Reverend Mr. Stoddai'd preached there on two Sundays. Iii 1839 theUniversalists raised about thirty dollars, and employed Reverend Mr. Stetson for six or seven Sabbaths. [1840. J In 1840 a similar amount was raised, and preaching was had for about the same length of time. [1841. J In 1841 the Universalists, together with some of a differ- ent faith, built a Union Meeting-House, which was dedicated bj' the Universalists on September 21. The sermon was by Reverend John T. Gilman, of Bath. There was a sermon in the afternoon by Reverend E. Wellington, and another in the evening \vj Reverend G. Bates. [1842. J In 1842 they raised about lift}- dollars, and employed Reverend L. P. Rand to preach one fourth of the time during that year. [1844. j On AjDril 20, 1844, a Universalist society was legally organized by the choice of Isaac Stover, moderator ; Thomas Alexan- der, clerk ; Samuel Dunning, treasurer ; and Samuel Dunning, Joshua Stover, and Thomas Alexander, parish committee. The following constitution was adopted : — " We the subscribers being desirous of forming ourselves into a society, for the purpose of supporting and enjoying the preached Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, do hereby unite and agree to walk together in harmony and love. And to guide ourselves understandlngly we adopt the following rules : — " 1st. We take the name of the First Universalist Society of Harpswell. " 2d. We take the Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments, as the rule of our faith and practice. " 3d. We agree to meet together as often as convenient for the worship of the one living and true God, the Father of the spirits and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. " 4th. We agree to subscribe, so far as we are able, for the sup- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBT OF HARPSWELL. 451 port of the preached Gospel and the maintenance of Christian wor- ship. " oth. We agree to strive to live in a moral and virtu oiis manner that we may give no occasion to the adversary to spealt reproachfully, and that we may honor our God and Saviour by a well-ordered hfe and Christian conversation. " 6th. Any person of a sober, moral character may become a member of this society by subscribing his or her name to the forego- ing rules. " 7th. Any member may withdraw from this society when they shall have paid their subscription and signified their desire so to do, to the clerk of this society,'' The following names were affixed to this constitution : — Isaac Stover, Thomas Alexander, Samuel Dunning, David Curtis, Joshua Stover, Paul R. Thomas, James Meryman. 2d, Alcot S. Pen- nell, Robert Pennell, Sylvester Stover, 2d, Jacob Blake, Alcot Stover, Harmon Pennell, Thomas Pennell, and Robert Dunning. In 1845 this society was received into the Kennebec Association of Univer- sal ists. The entries in the records of this society are very brief, and contain little else than the lists of officers chosen annually. At a meeting held April 14, 1849, it was voted to support a preacher that year by subscription, and not by taxation. At a meeting held July 21 , 1860, the treasurer in his report declared the society to be free from debt. The society, notwithstanding this fact, had only occasional preaching for nearly ten years. [1870. J On January 29, 1870, the society was reorganized by the choice of Thomas Alexander as moderator ; David Pennell, clerk ; Alcot S. Pennell, Benjamin F. Randall, and Joshua Stover, standing committee; B. F. Randall and A. S. Pennell, collectors; and A. S. Pennell, treasurer. The last entry in the records is dated May 8, 1875. Between 1870 and 1875, Reverend WiUiam R. French, of Brunswick, preached a portion of the time in summer, in addition to his services at Brunswick. There is at present no settled minister, but the society is still in existence. CENTRE CONGREGATIONAL PARISH. [1843. J This society or parish originated in 1843 by certain indi- viduals combining for the purpose of building a new meeting-house. It was formed, and the first meeting was held agreeably to the war- rant for the same, on September 27. Daniel Randall was chosen 452 HISTORY OF BliUNSWICE, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. moderator, and William C. Eaton, clerk. The following constitution was adopted at this meeting : — • • We the undersigned having organized ourselves into a parish under the name of the Centre Congregational Parish, in Harpswell, for the promotion of good morals, for religious teaching and instruc- tion, and for sustaining and propagating the truths of the Gospel as held by the Orthodox Congregational denomination in this State, do adopt the following constitution : — • •'Article 1st. This parish shall consist of those whose names are afHxed to the application for a warrant for organization, together with such other persons as they maj' from time to time elect, and who shall sign this constitution. "Art. 2d. The officers of this parish shall be a clerk, two or more assessors, a treasurer, a collector, and a standing committee of three, who shall be elected at the annual meetings. " Art. 3d. The annual meeting of this parish shall be held in the month of April in~ each year, on some day to be specified by the assessors. "Art. 4th. In case the annual meeting shall not be held at the time specified, the officers of the preceding year shall retain their offices until others are chosen and qualified in their stead. " Art. 5th. This parish agree in the settlement of a minister, and in the support of the ordinances of the Gospel, to proceed upon the established principles of the Orthodox Congregational denomination in this State and to act in concert with the church in Harpswell of like order and faith. " Art. 6th. A majority of two thirds of all the legal voters in this parish shall be necessary to alter or amend this constitution." The original subscribers to the above constitution were : — Silvester Stover, Joseph Eaton, James Stover, Simeon Orr, Jacob Merj-man, Benjamin Dunning, George S. Dunning, Arthur Orr, Thomas U. Eaton, Lemuel H. Stover, Shubal Merrj'man, William C. Eaton, Daniel Randall, Ilenrj' Barnes, Joseph Stover, James Merj-- man, James Dunning, Jeremiah Meryman, Angler H. Curtis, Albert Stover, Paul C. Randall, Dominicus Jordan, William Barnes, James Curtis, Joseph Curtis, John Durgin, H. C. Martin, Ralph Johnson, Joseph A. Stover, Elisha S. Stover, and Isaac Merryman. It was also at this meeting voted to accept the meeting-house offered by the proprietors, and to assume all the liabilities and duties of the latter. The next day the new meeting-house was dedicated with the follow- ing services : — ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOIiT OF HARPSWELL. 453 Reading of Scriptures, bj' Reverend Elijah Kellogg, then on a mis- sionary tour ; prayer, by Reverend Daniel Sewall ; sermon, by Rever- end J. W. Chickering ; address to the church, by Reverend George E. Adams ; prayer, by Reverend Mr Parsons. At a meeting of the church on November 12, it was voted : — " That the Centre Oongregational Church in Harpswell would tender their united thanks to the individuals in Bath, Freeport, Brunswick, and High Street Church, Portland, for their liberal donations to assist them in the erection of a house of worship ; also to the Widow D . Dunlap, for the liberal present of a sofa ; to the president and profes- sors of Bowdoin College, for their services in supplying the pulpit ; and to Professor Upham, for his unwearied exertions in our behalf." [1844. J On April 25, 1844, the church voted, in concurrence with the parish, to extend an invitation to Reverend Elijah Kellogg to set- tle as their pastor for three hundred dollars per year, for four years. This invitation was accepted, and was subsequently renewed for an indefinite period. [1847.] At a parish meeting, held November 1, this j'ear, it was decided that Mr. Kellogg might go "to Orr's Island the coming win- ter, and preach three Sabbaths, if he see fit." The church records are wanting entireh' between the 3'ears 1844 and 1855, and from the latter date down to 1870 they contain onlj' the admissions to church fellowship and lists of those baptized. [1854.] In 1854, Mr. Kellogg gave up the immediate charge of the parish, in order to devote more time to literary pursuits, but his pastoral connection with the church has never been dissolved. [1866.] At a meeting of the parish, held April 28 of this year, three hundred dollars was raised for repairing and painting the meet- ing-house. [1870.] At a church meeting held on the twenty-eighth of August, it was voted that the thanks of the church ' ' be hereby given to Honorable A. D. Lockwood, of Lewiston, for a highly valued, l)eau- tiful communion service, generously presented by him for our use. And our prayer is that the Great Head of the church will accept the act as done to himself, and bountifully reward the giver." On Sep- tember 24 a church meeting was held on Orr's Island, the first one mentioned in the records as being held on that island. [1874.] At a meeting of the parish, held April 23, 1874, it was voted to allow the sewing circle ' ' to enlarge the stove-rooms by tak- ing in the pews in front of each." The latest entry in these records is dated the sixth of the following September, at which time Paul C. Randall was chosen a deacon. 454 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. There has been no settled minister over this parish since Mr. Kellogg left, but the pulpit is supplied a good part of the time, and nearly every summer, by Mr. Kellogg himself, who makes Harpswell the place of his summer residence. THE METHODIST CHURCH ^ND SOCIETY. The introduction of Methodism into Harpswell dates back only to 1854, although as early as 1814 Fathers Lombard and Bennett, and perhaps others, had preached in town. [1854.] In May, 1854, Reverend George C. Crawford, of Bruns- wick, was, at the solicitation of a number of people of West Harps- well, appointed to that field of labor. At that time there was not a member of the Methodist church on Harpswell Neck, with the excep- tion of Sidney Bailey and wife. Mr. Crawford commenced his labors about the first of June, holding the meetings in the school-house near Mr. Simeon Webber's. On the third Sabbath of his ministry here, he read in public the " Doctrines, Discipline, and General Rules" of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A small " class " was then formed, consisting of Captain Norton Stover, Nathaniel Pinkham and wife, and Sidney Bailey and wife. A few weeks later Mr. William Gillam and wife, then of Orr's Island, joined. After two or three meetings it was decided to build a church at once. A suitable lot was secured in a central location. Captain Stover was chosen an agent to pur- chase lumber and other material ; and W. W. Douglass, of Brunswick, was chosen to superintend the erection of the building. [1855. J The work was hastened, and in less than one year from the time of the first meeting in the school-house, a beautiful and graceful chajpel was dedicated. On the day of dedication people flocked to town from all directions, and Reverend William F. Farringr don, then of Portland, delivered the dedicatory address from the words, " Searching what, or what manner of time, the spirit of Christ which was in them did signifj', when it testified beforehand the sufier- ings of Christ and the gloYj that should follow." 'Ite sale of pews took place in the afternoon of the same day. The society is largely indebted to Captain Norton Stover and Nathaniel Pinkham, who assumed the entire financial responsibility in the erection of the church. At the Conference of 1855 Reverend Heman Nickerson was ap- pointed to succeed Mr. Crawford. He was succeeded by Reverend Mr. Russell. Then followed, in succession. Reverends N. Andrews, John Collins, II. B. Mitchell, Alpha Turner, George C. Crawford (a ECCLESIAftTIOAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 456 second time), J. C. Perry, H. Briggs, Tliomas Ilillman, N. C. Clif- ford, D. Dudley, N. Andrews (a second time), and M. C. Baldwin, Under these preachers there were several revivals and a large number were added to the church. The society is now in a flourishing condi- tion, and is composed in a large part of the wealth, intelligence, and refinement of that section of the town. 456 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, T0P8IIAM, AND UARPSWELL. CHAPTER XV. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. Brunswick, the seat of Maine's oldest and most favored college, has generally shown herself fully mindful of the claims of education. So far, however, as the early introduction of schools i§ concerned, no especial credit attaches itself to the early settlers, who -simply acted in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth, and had, indeed, before the incorporation of the town, no volition in the malter. In all proba- bility it has been well for the town that the establishment of schools was not left to the discretion of the earlier settlers, for they were, with a few notable exceptions, extremely ignorant as to all knowledge usually acquired from books. As an illustration of the average attain- ments of the time, it is related of Thomas Atkins, one of the earliest settlers in this vicinity, that he had ten daughters, of whom not one could sign her name to a deed.i Even so late as Judge Minot's time it was considered a rare accomplishment for one to be able to read, and it is given as a tradition among his descendants that on one occasion, when he had received a newspaper at the village, he stopped on his way home and read from it to some workmen on the road, who were greatly astonished that the judge should be able to read. The judge was not, however, the only man hereabouts at that time who could read, for there were then a number of educated people in town, one of whom (Thomas Skolfield) was a graduate of Dublin University. Ample excuse is to be found for the neglect of the earlier settlers to provide means for education in the fact that they were few in numbers, constantly exposed to the incursions of a savage foe, and were obliged to till other fields than those of an intellectual kind, — to break up the rough soil of the wilderness, and raise the scanty crops absolutely required for their physical existence. It is simply another example of the fact that, in the order of time, physical must precede mental activitj'. The first action looking to the establishment of a school in Bruns- ' Reverend Dr. Ballard's Notes. F.DUCATIONAL HIHTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 457 wick was in the year 1715, at which time the Pejepscot proprietors voted that the ministerial, minister's, and school lots should be the centre lots of the town.' In 1717 provision was made by the General Court of Massachusetts for a school-master to reside at Brunswick, and fifty dollars was voted for books and rewards for the young Indians who might become liis pulpils.2 This school was a part of the mission to the Indians. Who was sent as teacher has not been ascertained. At the November session of the Court of General Sessions this year, Benjamin Larrabee, Esquire, appeared in behalf of the town of Bruns- wick, to answer to the " presentment of the town for not having and maintaining a school-master in said town to teach children and j'outh to read and write as the law directs and requires." Larrabee's excuse for the delinquency was accepted, but the town was required to pay sixteen shillings, the fees of court. At a meeting held February 23, 1743, the proprietors voted : — " That Lott number six on the southeasterly side of the Road adjoyning to the Ministry Lott be and herebj' is granted to the Town of Brunswick for a school Lott containing one hundred acres, to be and Continue for said use." ^ At a town meeting in 1739, a proposition to emplo}' a school-master was "voted for and past in the negative," but the town afterwards reconsidered its action, and at a meeting in September chose a com- mittee to secure the service of a school-master. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first school-teacher employed by the town was James McCash- len, who was employed in the year 1740, and was paid £40^ for his services. In 1741 it appears from a statement in the Pejepscot Papers that Reverend Mr McClanethan taught a school here. In I 742 a committee was appointed by the town to secure the ser- vices of a school-master, and they were authorized " to appoint him the time and places for keeping the Schoole in the Sevarel partes of the Town as they shall Think proper." Samuel Maffitt was selected as a teacher, and received £17 10s. as his pay, but the length of time he taught is not stated.^ About the year 1752, Mr. George Harwood was employed to teach by the year.^ In order to give equal privileges of schooling to all, he ' Pejepscot Records. ^ Varney, History of Maine, p. 123. s Pejepscot Records. 4 Town Records 1, pp. 23, 49, 50, 51. ^Ibid. ^ Pejepscot Papers. 458 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. taught in three different parts of the town, — at the upper part of New Meadows, at the old west meeting house, and at lower New Meadows. In 1753 a committee was chosen to secure a school-master at the rate of £220 old tenor. In 1754 another committee was raised for the same purpose, and £13 6s. 8d. voted for the salarj'. The committee were instructed to station the teacher in the several parts of the town, according to the amount paid by each part. In 1755 the same amount was paid as salary, with the board addi- tional. This year John Blake was employed as a school-master for six months from November 5. His engagement was probablj' not renewed, as the town in May, 1756, authorized the selectmen " to provide a school-master when they see the times to be convenient." In 1 759 , John Farrin was employed as a teacher, the town paying him at the rate of £26 13s. Ad. per annum. He was re-engaged the next year at the same salary, and continued to teach until October 1 , 1761, when his time expired. He is known to have taught again in 1776, because he that year gave the town £15 6s. 8d. of his salary, in consequence of the public distresses and the burdensome taxes. Whether he taught between 1761 and 1776 is not known, but it is to be presumed that he did. In 1762 the town was virtually divided into two districts, by the employment of separate teachers for the eastern and western parts. Probably Mr. Farrin was one of the teachers employed. In 1763, George Harwood was chosen as school-master, by vote of the town, " if he accepts of the same." He did accept, for in 1767 he was paid for four years' teaching. In 1790 the town was, for the first time, legally divided into school districts, a committee being chosen at a regular meeting to divide the town into two districts. In 1797 a vote was passed by the town, " that the school money be divided in future according to the number of scholars in each class,' the scholars to be numbered, all between four and twenty-one years of age, but if any others in any class are disposed to go, he or she shall have a right to do so, whether they are over or under the above age." In 1798 the town voted, for the first time, to choose a school com- mittee, and the selectmen were chosen to act in that capacit3^ The town also voted that no person should be allowed to teach in any dis- trict without the approbation of the committee. ' Districts were then called classes. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 459 Previously to this time the red school-house at the foot of the mall was built. 1 It was afterwards moved to the Cove. Who the other teachers may have been, besides those already named, prior to 1800, is unknown. Mr. Richard Flaherty is mentioned as having taught here some time in the last century, but neither the date of his teaching IS known, nor whether his school was a pubhc or private one. In 1810 the town was divided into nine school districts. About this time Mr. Dorman Perkins taught in the district schools of the town. He kept a school one term in Benjamin Larrabee's house, at New Meadows, near where Mrs. Thomas now lives. He kept school another term in the upper New Meadows district, and another term at Maquoit. In 1820, if not before, the number of districts must have been increased, as there were this year twenty-three public or district schools. 2 In 1820 the school committee were directed to report at the annual town meeting the names of two scholars " from each class, one boy and one girl, that shall have made best improvement and sustained good moral characters." On November 29, 1824, the greater portion of the "school lot" was sold at auction. This was the origin of the school fund. A. Bourne, the auctioneer, was the chairman of the trustees of the school fund. The remainder of the school lot was sold in 1833. At a town meeting, held in March, 1826, a petition of Benjamin Peterson and others, "that this town set off the colored people of School District Number 14, into a district b}' themselves," was referred to the selectmen. This district was at New Meadows, where there were quite a number of negroes, and the white citizens of that dis- trict had then the same feeling in regard to commingling with those of a darker race that is even now prevalent in some quarters. At another meeting, held on the eleventh of September following, the town voted that the money for District Number 14 should be divided, the white people to have a school summer and winter, and the colored population to have a school at the other seasons. The division of money was to be made according to the proportion of scholars in the separate schools. Of the difl'erent districts of the town we have succeeded in obtain- ing the records of but two, viz., of District Number 5 (Growstown) and of the Village District. ' The red school-hoiise on School Street was of a later date. 2 Putnam, " Letters to a Gentleman in South Carolina." 460 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The i-ecords of District Number 5 commence February 1 1 •, 1 8 1 7. At this meeting a district school committee were chosen to superintend the school, and it was voted to have the schooi-mistress " board round." In 1839 the district committee were instructed to visit the school everjr four weeks, and were to have three dollars each for their services if thej' attended to their duty. On January 29, 1848, the district decided to build a new school- house, to be located " at the corner of the road on land owned by James Otis and occupied by E. T. Parsons, on the north side of the road leading by said Parsons's house ; with the understanding that it be given gratis." Stephen Snow, George Woodside, and Harvey S. Otis were chosen a building committee, and at a meeting held the next month, it was voted to give them discretionary power to build a suitable school -house and to dispose of the old one. On January 25, 1849, a new committee was chosen, and the build- ing of a school-house was set up at auction to the lowest bidder, the old house to be given to the successful bidder, " except the stove and funnel." James Otis agreed to build it for two hundred and fifty dollars, and the district voted to raise two hundred. The school- house was built this year. On April 11, 1857, the district voted to admit pupils from other districts, at the discretion of the agent, " at twenty-five cents per week and board of teacher a proportionate part of the time." This permission appears not to have worked well, or to have given dissatis- faction, for two years later the district voted not to admit pupils from other districts on any consideration. The following are the early teachers in this district so far as known : Mary Noyes, Mary Merryman, and James McKeen, in 1814 ; Priscilla Melcher and John Winslow, in 1815 ; Margaret Eansom and John Winslow, in 1816 ; Deborah Small and Benjamin Thompson, in 1817 ; JEary Snow, in 1818 ; Mary Stanwood and Benjamin Thomp- son, in 1819. THE VILLAGE SCHOOL DISTRIOT.i Brunswick village was formerly divided into three school districts, known as Numbers " 1, 2, and 20." In the winter of 1848 several informal meetings of the inhabitants of the village were held, to take into consideration the condition of the village schools. 1 For this account we are largely indebted to MSS. of the late A. 0. Robbins, Esquire , from which we have copied freely. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 461 A committee was appointed to collect information upon the subject of schools in other places, and to see what could be done for the im- provement of the public schools in the village. This committee proposed the plan of uniting Districts Numbers 1 , 2, and 20 into one district, to be called the Village District, for the purpose of grading and classifying the schools, and of adopting the " high-school system." On March 24, 1848, Benjamin H. Meder and fifteen others peti- tioned the selectmen to insert in their next annual warrant for a town meeting an article to so alter the school districts that Districts Numbers 1,2, and 20 should constitute one district. About the same time John C. Humphrey's and Leonard C. Merrill presented to the selectmen a similar petition, except that it contained in addition the words " provided such shall be the wish of said dis- tricts respectively.'' In the warrant for the annual town meeting, April 3, 1848, an article was inserted in accordance with the latter petition, and the town at that meeting voted: " That School Districts Numbers 1,2, and 20 be discontinued and to be constituted one district, to be called the Village District, provided such shall be the wish of the several districts respectivel}'." At a meeting of the legal voters of District Number 1 , on April 24, 1848, a committee of five were chosen to take measures for building a new school-house. This committee were Allen Colby, Ward Coburn, John Rogers, William H. Hall, and Benjamin H. Meder. It was also at this meeting voted : " To join District Number 1 and District Num- ber 20, to form a High School." The meeting adjourned to Maj' 6, at which time the district proceeded to act on sundry matters as though no vote to join the other district had been passed. The following votes were passed: 1. To accept the report of the committee, which was in favor of building a school-house on Bow Street, to be two stories high. 2. To choose a prudential committee of three. 3. To raise three hundred dollars by tax towards building a school-house. 4. To pay the agent and clerk each five dollars. 5,6. To compel the chil- dren of the district, who were between the ages of four and fourteen years, to go to the summer school, and to forbid those between the ages of four and ten years to attend the winter school. 7. To require pupils between the ages of ten and twenty-one j'ears to go to the school kept by a male teacher. This was the last meeting ever held by District Number 1 . The legal voters of District Number 2 held a meeting at the red 462 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. scliool-house, on School Street, previously referred to, on April 22, 1848. This meeting was adjourned to May 6, at which time a com- mittee, consisting of G. C. Swallow, A. C. Eobbins, William Mount- ford, Thomas Knowlton, and E. S. Parshley, were chosen to obtain information in regard to the high-school system, and to report at a subsequent meeting. The next meeting of this district was held June 24. The committee reported in favor of the adoption of the high- school system, and it was voted "that the district concur with Dis- tricts Numbers 1 and 20 in adopting the sj'stem and in the formation of a Village District, agreeable to the petition of Benjamin Furbish and others and a vote of the town." G. C. Swallow, George F. Dunning, A. C. Robbins, John F. Titcomb, and John S. Gushing were chosen a committee to confer with Districts Numbers 1 and 20. At a special meeting of District Number 20, held June 24, 1848, it was voted ' ' to unite with School Districts Numbers 1 and 2 for the formation of the Village District." The district also chose Professor H. H. Boody, Charles J. Noyes, and Robert Melcher a committee to confer with the committees chosen by Districts Numbers 1 and 2, and they were authorized and empowered to adopt such measures as might be necessary on the part of the district, " to bring the object of said preceding vote into full and complete effect." On June 20, 1848, a petition was sent to the legislature, stating that the three above-mentioned districts had united and formed one district, with the consent of the town, and requesting the passage of an Act confirming the action of the town " and giving to said district power to raise annuallj^ such sum of money as may be needed for the support of the public schools therein." This petition was signed by Abner B. Thompson and nineteen others in District Number 1, by Robert P. Dunlap and thirty-five others in District Number 2, and by Parker Cleaveland and twenty-three others in District Number 20. In accordance with this petition the legislature, the same year, passed an Act confirming the vote of the town, and granting to the Village District all the powers and privileges of other districts in the State ; authorizing the district to raise such sum of money as might be deemed necessary for support of the pubhc schools within the dis- trict, the amount so raised not to exceed ' ' three fifths of the amount apportioned to said district from the school money raised by the town for the same year " ; requiring this money to be assessed and collected as other school-district taxes were ; and authorizing the district to choose school agents and adopt proper by-laws. Immediately after the passage of the preceding Act, measures were EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 463 taken for the organization of the Village District. A meeting of the inhabitants of the three districts in the village was called by the select- men, to be held on August 18, 1848. At this meeting a committee of seven were appointed to draft a plan of organization. To tliis com- mittee were added the superintending school committee of the town, making a committee of ten. This committee reported, at a meeting held August 30, as follows : In favor of the annual election of a board of nine agents, three of whom might be from each of the former sections of the district, and this board were also authorized to act as an executive committee, and to prescribe a course of study and deter- mine the test-books to be used ; to examine teachers ; to visit the schools ; to conduct examinations ; to promote deser-\ing scholars ; to admit pupils from without the district ; and to establish by-laws. The committee also recommended that there should be three grades of schools, — primary, grammar, and high ; determined which should be taught by male and which by female teachers ; fixed the commence- ment and close of the several terms and vacations ; prescribed the classification and course of studies for each school, and the require- ments at examinations and for admission to school. This report was accepted at this meeting and its recommendations approved and authorized to be put into execution, though they were afterwards (April 17 and May 8, 1849) somewhat modified. The Board of Agents made a report, September 27, 1848, in which they recommended the purchase of a lot on Union Street, between O'Brien and Lincoln Streets, for the erection of a grammar and high school building, the renting and furnishing of rooms for these schools until such a building should be erected, and the enlargement and repair of the primary school-houses. In their next report, this board state that all the schools had been organized according to the plan agreed upon. During the winter of 1848-9, four primary and two grammar schools had been taught, the average length of each being fifteen weeks. The number of teachers employed was eleven ; eight in the primary schools, two in the prin- cipal grammar school, and one in the select grammar school. This was five more teachers than had been usually employed in previous years. The number of pupils at this time in the primary schools was four hundred and forty-six ; the number in the principal gram- mar school was one hundred and twenty-five, and in the select grammar school, forty-six. The total number of pupils in the vil- lage schools 'was six hundred and seventeen. As the number of scholars very much exceeded what had been anti- 464 HISTORY Of BHVNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. cipated, the committee had been under the necessity of establishing a fourth primary school on Union Street. The select grammaj- school was a temporary expedient made use of at this time, on account of the number of pupils really fitted to enter a high school being too small to justify the immediate establishment of such a school. Some fault having been found with the result of the examinations, the board in this report explained their method of conducting them, and defended their action in the matter. The total receipts for the village schools this year were $1,204,49. Of this sum, $1,137.09 was expended for rent and repair of school- houses, payment of teachers, and incidental expenses, leaving a balance unexpended of sixty-seven dollars and forty cents. If from these expenditures the unusual expense of rent, repairs, etc., be deducted, there remains a sum less by twenty dollars than that ex- pended for the three winter schools of the previous year, which demon- strated the advantage of the system in a financial aspect. The agents urged strongly the necessity of providing suitable accommodations for the high and for the principal grammar school. They say, "By next September, at least one hundred and forty scholars will be entitled to a place in the grammar school, — a number which it is totally impossible to accommodate in any room in the vil- lage of which the committee have knowledge." In concluding this report the board congratulated the district " on the successful introduction of a new and better system of schools." In their report for the year ending April 2, 1849, the superintend- ing school committee also speak of the very decided improvement in the schools, in consequence of the adoption of the grading system and of a uniformity of school-books. The Board of Agents, in their report for the year 1849-50, make the following statements : — In the summer there were two grammar and four primary schools kept ; in the fall and winter, two grammar, three primary, and one miscellaneous school. The number of teachers during the year was, in the summer, ten, — one male and nine females. The school year was thirty weeks, divided into three terms of ten weeks each. In the summer term there were five hundred and sixty-seven, and in the fall and winter terms five hundred and seventy-three pupils. At the beginning of the year there were not enough children suflft- ciently advanced in their studies to enable the agents to constitute the high school with all its appropriate classes. No high school was established, therefore, but the pupils were taught in the grammar EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 465 school. The time had then arrived, however, in their opinion, for establishing the school. They affirm, " without fear of contradiction, that never has there been in this village schools, public or private, of so high an order as the schools of this district the last year." The committee also stated that thej' had contracted with teachers, and conducted the schools on the assumption that the additional tax levied by the district would be paid promptlj'. A part only of this tax had thus far been collected, and the most of this had been paid to cancel a note of the district, and that in consequence the teachers had not been paid for their last term's service. They stated that most of the citizens had favored, or at least acquiesced in, the change in the school system, but all had not. " On the part of some, there is an avowed hostility to this sj'stem, which will not be satisfied with any- thing short of its entire overthrow." The committee stated that this hostilitj" was exhibited the previous summer in an effort to procure from the legislature a repeal of the Act of Incorporation of the Village District. Failing in this, they refused to paj' the tax levied b}' the district, on the pretext that the district had not been legally constituted, and that the power granted to it in its Act of Incorporation was in violation of the Constitution. The committee added that this objection came with bad grace from those who signed the petition for incorporation. They considered the mat- ter practically settled by the action of the legislature, but were ready to meet the matter at once before the Supreme Court. In accordance with a vote of the district they had taken legal advice, which was that the collector should be asked to proceed at once in the collection of these taxes and that he should be supported therein by the whole strength of the district. The petition to the legislature, to which reference was made above, was signed by John Crawford and one hundred and four others, and declared that the plan of uniting the schools into one district had proved a failure, and therefore a repeal of the Act was prayed for. This petition was first referred to the Committee on the Judiciarj', and was subsequently laid before the Committee on Education. Seven- teen of the signers were petitioners for the Act of Incorporation of the Village District. As soon as it was known that the above petition was in circulation, a remonstrance against a repeal was at once started. It was signed b}' Robert P. Dunlap, Adam Lemont, and two hundred and twenty- one others. 30 466 IIISTOST OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HASPSWELL. One of the positions taken hj the opponents to the Village District was that District Number 1 never intended to unite and form with Districts Number 2 and 20 a Village District, and that thej- did not acquiesce in the matter. In refutation of this argument, Messrs. Isaac Lincoln, William H. Hall, and Alfred J. Stone deposed, Jane 8, 1850, " that since the organization of the Village District in Brunswick, in the summer of 1848, District Number 1 has claimed to have no legal existence, nor has the said District Number 1 , since that time, per- formed any acts as a district, but has united with Districts Numbers 2 and 20 in the formation of the Village District. '• No public schools have been taught in what was District Number 1 since the summer of 1848 up to this date, excepting the schools which were under the control and supervision of the agents of the Village District, to which schools the people in the part of the Village Dis- trict which was formerly District Number 1 have cheerfully sent their children for instruction, and have received their full share of benefit therefrom." The truth in regard to the feeling in this district is shown by the following facts, which were certified to by John F. Hall, the last clerk of the district : Of the voters in District Number 1 , twenty petitioned for the Act of Incorporation of the Village District, f/iirfy-j'ive petitioned for the repeal of the Act, and sixty-seven remonstrated against a repeal. To show that the selectmen recognized the Village District as hav- ing an existence in November, 1848, the following certificate was written : — " Selectmen's Oitice, BntrNSWicK, June 7, 1850. " On the seventeenth of November, 1848, 1 was called upon by A. C. Bobbins, one of the Board of Agents for the Village District, for that year. At his request I balanced the accounts with School Distiicts Numbers 1, 2, and 20, and carried the balances forward to the credit of the Village District. At that time there was due to District Num- ber 1, $381.03 ; to District Number 2, $319.08 ; to District Number 20, $179.40. All which balances were credited to the Village District- in Brunswick, since which time we have had no accounts with Dis- tricts Numbers 1, 2, and 20: the money formerly due to them beino- credited to the Village District in Brunswick. "(Signed) " Richard Geeenleaf, Chairman < if Selectmen.'" In July, 1849, the president and directors of the Warumbo Manu- facturing Company petitioned the legislature " that the said company may be exempted from the paj'ment of the taxes by special leo-islation EDUCATIONAL BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK- 4fi7 •mposed upon them, or that if they must be spesially taxed for such objects beyond the general provisions of law, that the avails may go to the benefit of the whole town in which their property is situated." Among the reasons given for asking for this exemption was that, in the passage of the Act, the corporation had no agency nor notice. It was true that they had no notice, as a corporation, but the company were represented in the petition for incorporation by their treasurer and one of their directors. The petition for the repeal of the Act of Incorporation, the petition of the Warumbo Manufacturing Company, and the remonstrance, were aU laid before the Committee on Education. On an appointed day the petitioners appeared, and were heard by their counsel. Gen- eral A. B. Thompson and Honorable James W. Bradbury. The remonstrants were heard by their representatives. Professor William Smj-th and Phineas Barnes, Esquire, of Portland. Richard Green- leaf, Esquire, appeared as a witness for the petitioners. After the somewhat protracted hearing, the committee of nine, all of whom were present, voted eight to one to give the petitioners leave to withdraw. On July 20, 1849, this report of the committee passed both houses of the legislature without a dissenting vote. ' At the annual town meetings in 1848, 1849, and 1850, it was voted : " That the several school districts bfi authorized to choose their sev- eral school agents." The foregoing account relates to the organization of- the Village District. AVhat follows will relate to the dpings. o£ this district. At a meeting of the Village District, held on the twenty-seventh of September, 1848, the Board of Agents were authorized to borrow such sums of money as might be needed from time to time for the expenditures already authorized, not to exceed $5,000, At the annual meeting of the district in. 1849, it waa voted " to raise three fifths of the amount of money raised by the town, apportioned to this district hy a tax on the same." Ihis vote was passed under the law •of August 3, 1848. Under the first vote, and by tUe ^uthojity therein given., the Board of Agents hired the sum of three hundred and twenty-five doilars for the purpose of altering and repairiAg the primary school-houses, and gave their note for the district. This loan of three hundred and twenty-five dollars, together with the amount raised by vote of the district, April 17, 1849, was certified to the selectmen and assessors, and at the annual g,ssea.sment in 1849 the assessors made one tax for both item^. 468 niSTonr of brvnswick, topsham, anb haepswell. 'Ihe Board of Agents for the year 1849 were William Smyth, John C. Humphreys, Allen Colby, Benjamin Furbish, and Eichard Green- leaf. The}' put the .schools in operation, basing their expenditures and calculations upon the supposition that the extra tax of three fifths, voted in April, 1849, would be paid. Early in the spring of 1850 it was ascertained that very many of the large tax-payers had declined and absolutely refused to pay the extra school-tax. The consequence was that the district was largely indebted to school-teachers, and had no means of paj'ing their claims so long as the extra tax was withheld. A meeting of the district was held March 7, 1850, at which the following resolution was passed: — '■ Whereas certain individuals in the district have declined the pay- ment of their taxes upon the ground that the law under which the tax is levied is unconstitutional. Therefore, Resolved that the Board of Agents be instructed by this meeting to procure such legal advice as they may deem expedient and take such measures as may in the speediest manner test the constitutionality of said law and secure the collection of the taxes." At the annual meeting in April, 1850, the following vote was passed : — " Voted, that the town collector be requested at once to collect the taxes remaining unpaid, by distraint or otherwise, and that the dis- trict will indemnify him in the same." This vote of the district was foimally certified to the collector, yet ie decUned doing anj'thing towards the collection of the extra tax. 'J'he Board of Agents for the j-ear 1850 found themselves very jirapleasantly situated. The district was largely indebted to teachers. The larger part of the extra tax was uncollected, and the collector refused to perform his dutj'. At a meeting of the board, May 7, 1850,, Ihe following vote was passed, aU being present : — " Whereas Stephen Snow, the collector of the town of Brunswick to whom was committed a certain tax, assessed upon the inhabitants oi the \'illage District in said town, by the proper authorities of said town, raising money for the support of schools in said Village Dis- trict, has collected and paid over a part of said tax and neglects and refuses to eoUect and paj' over the balance of said tax, the time men- tioned in his warraiit of commitment having expired some time ago, therefore; Voted, that John C. Humphre3-s be a committee to call upon the treasurer of the town of Brunswick and inform him of the ijjeglect and refusal of Stephen Snow, the collector, to proceed in the collection of the taxes, and request the treasurer to issue his war- EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 469 rant against the said Stephen Snow, collector, agreeably to the pro- visions of the Revised Statutes. Chapter 14, Section 111, as the contingency has occurred which makes it the duty of the treasurer to issue his warrant against the collector for neglect of duty." Mr. Humphreys reported that he called upon the treasurer May 11, 1850, and handed him a copy of the vote, after reading which he returned an answer that he would see the collector the first of the week and see what could be done about it. At a meeting of the Board of Agents, May 7, 1850, the following vote was passed : — " Voted, that A. C. Bobbins be a committee to obtain legal advice as to certain points affecting the welfare of this district, and which are now in dispute between the friends and opposers of the schools." Under this vote Mr. Robbins made a statement of all the facts in the case and laid it before Phineas Barnes, Esquire, and Honorable William Pitt Fessenden, of Portland, and received a written opinion from them in replj-. Amongst other things they say, " No particular form of assent is specified in the vote, and the law regards substance rather than form. ... If therefore the several proceedings in voting, certifjang, and assessing the taxes, and their commitment to the collector, were correct and legal (all which we have taken for granted), we have no doubt that it is the collector's dutj-, and still remaining so, to collect these taxes, according to his warrant. The warrant constitutes both his authoritj^ and his protection." If he neglects, they say the treasurer should be requested to issue his war- rant against him ; and if the treasurer neglects or refuses to do so, the proper remedy is to apply to the Supreme Judicial Court for a writ of mandamus. May 23, 1850, the treasurer of the town gave to the Board of Agents a written refusal to issue his warrant against the collector, as requested by them. On the same date, the Board of Agents gave an order to Augustus I. Owen, one of the teachers, upon the treasurer of Brunswick. The latter indorsed upon this order the following : — " The subscriber declines paying the within, there being no funds in his hands subject to the order of the treasurer of the Village District." On account of this action of the treasurer, the Board of Agents gave Mr. Owen an order on the selectmen, on which the latter in- dorsed the following : — " The selectmen of Brunswick decline paying or accepting the above order for the reason that the district has already received its full 470 HISTORY or BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. proportion of school money raised by the town, and that the amount raised by extra taxation in the district has not been collected and is not therefore subject to their order.'' May 25, 1850, William Smyth, Robert P. Dunlap, John C. Hum- phreys, Augustus C. Robbins, and Leonard Townsend, the Board of Agents, petitioned the Supreme Court at the session to be held at Paris, Maine, on the last Tuesday of the month, for a writ of man- damus against the treasurer. They showed in their petition all the facts given in the preceding pages. Upon the foregoing petition, the affidavits in support thereof, by the petitioners, having been heard and considered by the court, it was, on the INIay term, 1850, '• Ordered, That a rule be issued to the said John F. Titcomb, treasurer of the town of Brunswick, requiring him to show cause, if anj' he have, wh3' he has neglected and refused to issue his warrant of distress against the said Stephen Snow, named in said petition, and whj- a writ of mandamus should not be granted by the court, com- manding him to issue such warrant of distress according to law ; at the term of this court to be holden at Norridgewock, within and for our county of Somerset, on the second Tuesday of June, 1850, on the third day of the term, and that the petitioners give notice thereof to the said John F. Titcomb b}' causing an attested copy of this petition and of this order thereon, to be served upon him fourteen days at least before the said third day of the term of the court to be holden at Norridgewock aforesaid." At the court held in Norridgewock, the petitioners appeared by their counsel, I'hineas Barnes, Esquire, and the respondents appeared by John S. Abbot, Esquire. The respondents asked for a continu- ance, which was opposed hj the petitioners. It was finally agreed between the parties that the case should be continued to the term of the court to be held at Belfast on the fourth Tuesday of Juty, 1850. It was also agreed that a hearing then and there should be had, and that the respondent should furnish the petitioners with an attested copy of his answer, fourteen days before the sitting of said court. At the court held in Belfast no witnesses were introduced by either party. The petitioners put into the case the documents already men- tioned. General Samuel Fessenden, of Portland, appeared for the respondents, and Phineas Barnes, Esquire, for the petitioners. In his answer to the petition of the Board of Agents for a writ of mandamus, the treasurer gave the following reasons for refusing to issue his warrant of distress against the collector : — EDUVATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 471 1. That the Act of Incorporation of the Village District was unconstitutional, on account of its allowing them to raise monej- addi- tional to that raised by the town. 2. That the district was not legally constituted : (a) because the several districts had not voted to form a Village District, but only to unite for a " high-school system " ; (6) because the old districts had never been discontinued ; (c) because the meetings had not been legal; (d) because the vote of the town was illegal; (e) because the Act of legislature was subsequent to the action of the town, which was itself conditional on an act of the district which it had no right to delegate to them the power to do ; (/) because the legislature has no right to create a school district by direct legislation. 3. That the assessment of the tax by the district was illegal : (a) because there is no constitutional authority for the legislature to create a corporation of anj- kind, compelling individuals to become members thereof, and subject to taxation against their will, except in the case of the formation of a town; (&) because the assessors had never had any ofHcial notice that the conditions of the town had been complied with, and the district legally formed ; (c) because the money assessed \iy the assessors was never raised by a legal vote of the district ; the vote not only authorized the purchase of land and the erecting of a school-house (which would be legal) , but also authorized the enlarge- ment and repair of the old school-houses, and the renting and furnish- ing of rooms for the use of schools, and the whole was embraced in one vote, contrary to the law providing the waj- in which " incidental expenses " should be paid ; that the money was neither borroioed nor expended for purposes for which a school district is authorized by law to borrow monej' ; (d) because the several certificates and copies provided by law, to be given bj' the officers of the school district to the assessors, treasurer, and clerk, of the town, were not duly certi- fied, filed, and recorded, as required bylaw; that no certificate of the vote of the district, authorizing the borrowing of money, was ever certified by the clerk thereof to the above officers; (e) that 'if the legislature has power to authorize school districts to raise money, such power cannot be given to a single district, but should be granted by a general law ojjerating throughout the State ; (/) that a school district is not such an organized body, nor has such interest as to enforce the collection, by a town collector, of a tax "by mandamus, — the treasurer being the officer of the town and not of an3' school district. Allen Colby, William H. Hall, and Benjamin H. Meder, in behalf 472 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND BARPSWELL. of the petitioners, made depositions, July 18, 1850, to the following effect : — 1 . That they resided in the district. 2. That they had never known any persons claiming a separate organization as District Number 1 subsequent to the formation of the Village District. 3. That they had never known of any public school kept in District Number 1, except what was under the authority of the Board of Agents of the Village District. 4. That the vote passed at the aunual meeting of District Number 1, April 24, 1848, did contemplate the throwing up of the old organi- zation and the formation of a new district. 6. That they never heard the plan of a high school spoken of at that or any other meeting of the district, except in connection with the formation of a Village District. 8. That they would have known if there had been any schools kept out of the public funds in that territory, other than those kept under the authority of the agents of the Vilage District. 9. 'I hat after the organization of the Villcuje District, the people in what was formerlj' District Number 1 sent their children to the schools of the Village District. The committee on accounts, in their report for 1850, under the " Treasurer's Account," give the amount received from the agents of the Village District, thus recognizing its existence. The school committee, in 1850, recognized the district in their report and spoke of the manifest improvement of the schools therein. Judge Howard, in ordering the issue of a writ of mandamus, made an exhaustive review of all the questions raised upon either side and fully sustained the Board of Agents in every material point, though he pointed out some errors made bj' them. Thus ended one of the most important lawsuits to which the village of Brunswick has ever been a partj-, and both sides in the suit deserve credit for persisting in bring- ing to a legal settlement questions of such momentous importance to the welfare of the town and to the interest of education in general. i This opinion was delivered by the judge, March 1, 1851, and was received in Brunswick the same day. A meeting of the Village Dis- trict was called on the nineteenth of the month. At this meeting Professor William Smyth made a report in behalf of the Building Committee. In this report a recapitulation was given of the needs of ' Fur the full account of this trial, see Smith v. Titcomb, 31 Me. 272. EDUCATIONAL HISTOST OF BRUNSWICK. 473 the district in regard to scliool -houses, and of the votes. He reported that the Building Committee and Board of Agents had selected the lot of Miss Narcissa Stone, on the corner of Federal and Green Streets, and that he had been empowered by a vote of each committee separately to purchase the lot. This he had done at a price of $ 1 ,000, paj^ment to be made in five equal annual instalments, with interest at sis per cent. Possession was obtained June 1, 1851. The committee had then turned their attention to the erection of a building upon this lot, but in the mean time it had been found that a portion of the tax-payers had positivelj^ refused to pay the taxes still due from them. The Building Committee had no alternative but to staj' proceedings, and await the decision of the Supreme Court. After that decision had beeil given they at once resumed their labors and contracted at once for the brick and stone necessary for the erection of the building, and they were being at that time deposited upon the lot. The report stated that the Board of Agents had been very much embarrassed bj- the want of suitable accommodations for the schools. Thej' had been obliged to breals; up classes, separate the boys from the girls, and virtually to return to the confusion and inefficiency of the old system. On April 19, 1851, William Smyth, chairman of the Board of Agents, made a report of which the following is a synopsis : — He stated that the committee had been greatly embarrassed bj- want of accommodations and b}- the lawsuit. He remarked, those opposed " regarded themselves as maintaining an important constitu- tional principll and their own just rights." But the question had now been settled, and all acquiesced in it. The committee recommended that the thanks of the district should be given to their counsel, Phineas Barnes, Esquire, and especially to their colleague, A. C. Robbins, Esquire, " for the untiring effort and distinguished ability with which their case was prepared by him for argument, — services gratuitously rendered indeed, but upon which the success of the district in the late suit, so far, at least, as its legal existence is concerned, is mainly to be attributed." The report goes on to state that after the termination of the suit, the town collector had collected enough to pay off all the debts of the district, except the fees of the counsel and the expenses connected with the suit. The report spoke favorably of the schools as a whole, but considered the primary schools as of the chief importance. It recommended the permanent estabUshment of an apprentices' school, and stated that the material did not at that time exist for the perfect organization of the 474 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HASPSWELL. Higli School. Several suggestions were also made as to the best mode of raising the necessary money for school purposes. The superintending school committee, in their report for April, 1851, say, ' ' as their deliberate judgment, that at no period has there been so much to commend in the management and success of the village schools or so little to censure. " In the general interests of education in the village, they think that a manifest advance has been made during the j-ear." They were also of the opinion that the condition of the schools throughout the town would bear a favorable comparison with that of any former year. The new brick school-house erected for the use of the schools of the Village District was dedicated on Tuesday, December 9, 1851. The services were opened by some remarks from Professor William Smyth. Then followed a somewhat detailed account of the schools for several years previously, by Professor D. R. Goodwin, which was followed bj- remarks by John S. C. Abbot. After a prayer by Reverend Doctor Adams, remarks were made by Messrs. Adams, Boody, and Smyth, a hymn was sung, and the benediction pronounced hy Father Stetson. There was quite an audience present, and the occasion passed off very pleasantly. In April, 1852, the superintending school committee reported that there were nine hundred school children in the village. They said that ' ' the Village District has been greatly indebted to Mr. E. G. Parshle}-, who taught a separate school of older pupils of the primar}' schools, and who were not entitled to enter the grammar schools. About eighty attended this school, who were well taught andi:ept in admi- rable discipline. The onljr compensation Mr. Parshlej' had for this service was the thanks of the community." Speaking of these village schools, Mr. John M. Adams, school com- missioner for Cumberland County, in his report, pubHshed in the spring of 1853, saj'S : — " 'I'his system of graded schools comes as near perfection as any I have ever seen, notr excepting even that of Portland, which under the fostering care of a few eflScient and devoted friends, chief amongst whom stands Mr. Barnes, has acquired a high and well-merited reputation." The cost of the brick school-house, as given in the financial report of the Board of Agents in 1853, was $5,885.44. The cost of the lot, which was $1,000, is not included. A portion ($5,000) of this amount was raised by loan, the balance by a direct tax. In 1852 there were, including the Village District, twenty-six school EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 475 districts in town. The wliole amount received from all sources for the schools this j-ear was $3,329.04. On November 12, 1857, the High School pupils commenced a series of tableavix at their school-room, for the purpose of procuring funds for the purchase of apparatus. They met with good success. In 1862 the apprentice school, which had been in operation in the winter season since 1851, was kept in the engine-hall on Pleasant Street. In 1867 the brick school-house on Bath Street was built. The amount of money for schools received from all sources was $6,782.27. In September, 1872, the school-house on the corner of Federal and Centre Streets was completed. It contains four rooms, with large halls in both stories. The condition of the schools in 1876 was as follows : the whole number of schools in town was twenty -three ; the number of teachers employed was thirty-one ; the total amount of school money received from all sources was $10,403.08. It has been found impossible to obtain a list of the number of pupils in Brunswick for each decade since the organization of the first town school, but the number "at the different dates mentioned below will give some idea of the rate of increase. In 1804 the number of pupils was 845 ; in 1805 it was 875 ; in 1806 it was 885 ; in 1826 it was 1,533 ; in 1826 it was 1,598 ; in 1829 it was 1,603 ; and in 1876 it was 1,782. The actual attendance this last j-ear was, however, only 864. * ACADEMK^AL INSTITUTIONS. An account of Bowdoin College and the Medical School of Maine might with propriety be given in this connection, but on account of the length of the sketch, as well as for the reason that they are State and not town institutions, a separate chapter will be devoted to them. The first academical institution which should be mentioned here was the Brunswick Academt. This was a Gothic structure, whioh stood on Maine Street directly opposite the southwest corner of the college grounds. It was built by President Allen for a classical school. Mr. "William Smyth (after- wards professor) taught it the first quarter, which ended on the eleventh of December, 1824. The second quarter began a week later, and was taught by William Hatch. The building was only used a few terms for a school and was then occupied by college students. Afterwards it was used as a dwelling by Mr. Charles J. Koj-es, and 476 HISTORY OF BRVNSWICE, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. still later it was torn down and rebuilt, and is now occupied as a dwelling. The Brdnswick Academy. Pleasant Street Seminary. — This seminary building was erected in the fall of 1842 or winter of 1843, on the south side of Pleasant Street, a few rods from Maine Street. It was dedicated on the twentj-- seventh of March, 1843. An address was delivered by Professor A. ^ S. Packard, and there was singing by a choir under the direction of Mr. Charles J. Noyes. The building was two stories, the upper story being leased for a club-room. The lower floor was the school-room. The first term began on the twentieth of March, 1843, under the instruction of M. B. Bartlett (Bowdoin, class of 18 12) . Mr. Bartlett is said to have been an excellent teacher, and the school was a good one. Mr. Bartlett conducted the school for about three years, and was succeeded by Mr. Alfred W. Pike, a graduate of Dartmouth College, who was already an experienced teacher. This building was after- wards, in 1843, used by the Episcopalian society as a chapel. It was subsequently removed to Maine Street, and is now occupied as a store by Mr. J. P. Weeman, a few doors north of the post-offlce. The Brunswick Seminary was incorporated in 1845, with the design " of establishing an institution, in which the j'outh of both sexes might receive a thorough and practical knowledge of those branches of education which pertain especially to the every-day business of life ; and, also, all those higher branches of a finished EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 477 education, which are taught in boarding-schools and the higher semi- naries." In accordance with this design, a commodious building ' was ob- tained, with apartments so arranged that the ladies and gentlemen, while they occupied different rooms, had all the advantages of being classed together, of meeting at recitations, lectures, and other general exercises of the school. The trustees of the school were Honorable Eobert P. Dunlap, president ; John S. Gushing, Esquire, secretarj' ; Parker Cleaveland, LL. D., treasurer; Leonard Woods, Jr., D. D., General Abner B. Thompson, Reverend George E. Adams, General John C. Hum- phrej-s. The instructors in 1845-6 were G. Clinton Swallow, M. A., princi- pal ; Miss Trj-phena B. Hinklej', preceptress ; Miss Frances E. Stowe, teacher of music on the piano, etc. ; Miss Olivia J. Record, teacher of drawing and painting; Albion K. Knight, M. A., teacher of vocal music ; Miss Evelina Owen, assistant ; Miss Mary B. Hill, Miss Ellen S. Shaw, Mr. John W. Watson, Mr. John S. Fuller, monitors. During the first year there were one hundred and sixty-nine stu- dents, of whom eighty-one were j'oung gentlemen and eightj'-eight young ladies. OTHER PRIVATK SCHOOLS. In addition to the seminaries already mentioned there have been many other schools taught in town by private persons, some of which might, perhaps, from their size and the successful manner in which they have been conducted, be justly placed in the foregoing class. They have not been, for the reason that they did not assume any higher name than that simply of a private school. All of these schools, concerning which we have been able to gain any exact infoiTQation, will be mentioned under the name of their respective teachers. Miss Eunice Buss came to Brunswick in 1802 as the friend and companion of Miss Lucy Abbott, daughter of Honorable Jacob Abbott. After Miss Abbott's marriage in 1805, Miss Buss taught a small school for j'oung children. After Mr. Abbott's death in 1820, the family pre- pared a small house for her in a corner of the garden-lot, about where 1 This'buildlng was on the corner of Maine and Scliool Streets, and is now the resi- dence of Capt. Isaac L. Sholfield. 478 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, ASD HAEPSWELL. Captain John Bishop's house now stands. Here she taught school for a number of j'ears. She afterwards maintained herself as a seamstress. She was highly esteemed, and was the presiding officer in many of the charitable associations of the ladies. In 1835 her health became impaired, and she returned to her former home in Wilton, New Hamp- shire. Mes. Cakoline p. Putnam, wife of Henry Putnam, Esquire, and mother of George P. Putnam, the New York publisher (recently de- ceased) , taught school in Brunswick for about eighteen years. From 1807 1 until about 1818 or 1819, she taught in what was then known as the old Dunlap house, now the residence of the family of the late Doctor John D. Lincoln. Miss Narcissa Stone was her assistant dur- ing a portion of that time. Mrs. Putnam next taught for a year or two in the Forsaith house, next south of Dr. Lincoln's,^ occupying the southeast room for her school-room, and from there she moved into the old Stone Mansion, which was situated near the northerly corner of Maine and Mill Streets, but which stood a little back from both streets. She occupied one half of this house and Dean Swift the other half. In this house she taught until 1825, when it was destroyed by fire. Mrs. Putnam then moved to New York, where she ever after resided. She is spoken of bj' those who knew her as an excellent woman and a good teacher. John M. O'Brien, a member of the first class of Bowdoin College, kept a private school for two or three years. The exact date is not known with certainty, but the school was probably kept between the years 1806 and 1810. Miss Eliza Chapman, a Boston lady, sister to Mrs. Governor Dunlap, kept a private school for j'oung ladies from 1823 until 1829, in the conference room on Centre Street. She was a lady of fine edu- cation and was a very successful teacher. Mb. Smith, taught a private school in Hodgkins Hall, on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets, in 1824. This teacher is said to have been Mr. William Smyth, afterwards a professor in Bowdoin College. Abraham Preble kept a private school under Masonic Hall, in the winter of 1825, and announced another term to be kept in another place which would better accommodate his patrons. He kept school for several terms, but exactly how long is not known. Lot Jones opened a school over the bank in September, 1828, where he taught the various branches usually taught in academies, and ' Reminiscences of Mrs. Lamb. ^ Reminiscences of Dean Swift. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 479 prepared students for college. He taught here for about one j-ear and was a verj^ successful teacher. He afterwards became an F^piscopa- lian clergy-man. Asa Dodge, of the class of 1827, Bowdoin College, and afterwards a missionary physician in Syria, taught a school for young gentlemen and ladies, in 1829, and for two or three j^ears after, in the conference room on Centre Street. His school was one of the best that was ever kept in Brunswick. He was a fine scholar and instructor, and is highly spoken of as a man by those who knew him. He died in Beirout, Sjria. Dakius Adams taught a school in Washington Hall about the year 1830. He was succeeded bj' Samdel Adams, who taught in the same place for a few terms. Harriet Lee kept a private school for misses in 1830, in the Eod- ney Forsaith house, on Maine Street. 'J"he Misses E. and S. Owen kept a female boarding and daj- school in 1830, and for two or three jears after, in the Owen house, which was situated on the corner of Maine and O'Brien Streets, on the lot now occupied bj- the residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene. Richard Woodhui-l, of the class of 1827, of Bowdoin College, taught a school for one or two terms about 1830, in the conference room on Centre Street. He succeeded Mr. Asa Dodge. Mr. Thomas Baker (Bowdoin, class of 1831) taught a scliool for j-oung gentlemen in AVashington Hall, from 1833 until 1838 or 1839. From here he went to Cape Ann, and from thence to Boston as a head master. He became quite celebrated as a teacher. JIissES Deborah Folsom and Mary Dunjsting kept a familj- school for girls for about three years, on Union Street, nearly opposite O'Brien Street. This was about the j'ears 1836 to 1838 inclusive. They were both successful teachers. Miss Tryphena B. Hinkley came to Topsham in 1842 as an assist- ant in Mrs. Field's school. Two years later Mrs. Field resigned the school, and Miss Hinkley conducted it on her own account for about a j-ear, when, at the solicitation of friends in Brunswick, she united her school with that of Professor Swallow, under the name of the Bruns- wick Seminary. At the end of about a j-ear Miss Hinklej- withdrew from this school and taught a daj'-school in the Pleasant Street Semi- naiy. Here she taught for about a j-ear. She then leased the house on the corner of Pleasant and Union Streets, recently owned and occupied by Mr. Samuel R. Jackson. She taught in this building for about five years, keeping a boarding-school for young ladies. From 480 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. here she moved into the O'Brien house, which stood on Union Street, nearly opposite O'Brien Street. In this house she taught for about seven j'ears. Here her school was large and prosperous. From the O'Brien house she moved into her present residence opposite the col- leges, which she purchased of John S. C. Abbott, and to which she made additions and improvements. In all of her schools Miss Hinkley has been assisted by her sister. Miss Josephine Hinkley, whose special department has been that of drawing. Among the other lady assistants she has had, at different times. Miss Fannie White, a teacher of music ; Madam Zimmerman, a German lady and a fine music teacher ; Miss Frances Adams (now Mrs. General Chamberlain), Miss Lizzie McKeen, Miss Fannie Stowe, Miss Sarah Newman, Miss Emily Poole, and Miss Sophia W. Wheeler. For gentleman assistants Miss Hinkley has depended largelj' upon the college. Among those who have assisted her at different times have been C. C. Everett, William Packard, Egbert C. Smyth, William S. Tucker, Joshua Leighton, Henry Farrar, her brother Eugene B. Hinkley, and Professors Brackett, Russell, Taverner, and Briggs. The average number of boarding scholars has been about fifteen, the largest number about twenty-seven. Alfred W. Pike advertised the eighth term of the "Brunswick High School" to begin April 10, 1843. It was kept in Washington Hail. In 1845 he advertised the " Brunswick High School and Teacher's Seminary." Vocal music to be taught by Jotham Sewall ; mathematics and French, by Samuel J. Pike ; drawing and painting, by Miss Frances Adams. In 1846, and for about three years after, he kept a school in the Pleasant Street Seminary, then in a building which stood on the spot cut through for the railroad on the east side of Maine Street, and lastly, in his own house, which was then a cottage on Potter Street, but which was afterwards removed to Maine Street, enlarged and improved, and is now the residence of General Chamber- lain. D. Kendrick, Junior, taught a private school for ladies in 184.5, and for about a year, in Dunlap Block. In addition to the foregoing private schools for general instruction, there have been from time to time others taught for instruction in special branches. SPECIAL SCHOOLS. The schools of this character will be given under the head of the branches taught in them. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BKUNSWICK. 481 Dancing Academy. —In January, 1821, L. Champrosay began a school at Stoddard's Hall. The terms were six dollars for twelve les- sons. He also advertised to give private lessons in French. School for Embroidery. — In 1823 a school was established by a lady from Scotland, for woildng in embroidery.i School for Instruction in French. — In 1836, J. G. Mivelle Dechene taught French at Mrs. Pollard's house. School for Musical Instruction. — Instrumental. — In 1826 a Miss Brown of Boston; gave instruction on the piano and harp. School for Instruction in Navigation. — In 182.5 a school for instruction in the art of navigation was kept byB. F. Neally, and an- other one in 1843 by John F. Hall. School for Instruction in Fancy Painting. — In 1827, A. B. Engstrom taught the art of fancy painting on paper, satin, or wood. Singing-Schools. — In 1825, Luke Hastings taught a school for instruction in vocal music. In 1836, Charles J. Noyes kept a similar school ; and so did also L. W. Additon, in 1843. Since then schools of this character have been too numerous for specific mention to be made of them. Writing-Schools. — In 1824, I. Morgridge kept a school for instruction in penmanship, in Stone's Hall. He was succeeded the next winter by William Sawyer. In 1836 a Mr. Butler kept a school of this kind; in 1843, Mr. I. O. Richardson ; and in 1845 a Mr. Fisk kept one in Dunlap Block. Further mention of such schools is un- necessary. The above by no means completes the list of miscellaneous schools, but tliej' are all which have come to our knowledge that are worthy of especial mention. ' Putnam. 482 hisiohy of bbunswick, topsham, and harpswell. CHAPTER XVI. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. The earliest information to be obtained in regard to educational matters in 'J'opsbam is that contained in the town records. It appears from these that on March 18, 1766, the town voted to raise £60 for a " minister and school-master" for that year, and 'I homas Wilson was chosen a committee to agree with him or them. At the annual meet- ing in 1768, John Reed and John Fulton were chosen a committee to obtain a minister and school-master for that year. At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, held July 23 of this year, it was voted : — "'Ihat Lott Number sixtyflve adjoyning to the aforesaid Lott granted to y" first settled Minister lying on the Rear of the Lotts con- veyed to Benjamin Thomas and bounding Northwest on Land belong- ■ing to Heirs of William Wilson as described and laid down in the Plan, be and hereby is granted to the Town of Topsham, for a Lott for the Benefitt and advantage of a Publick School, to continue for said use forever — said Lott contains one hundred Acres. "^ On July 14, 1770, the town voted that the school-master should be hired for one year from the date of his first commencing school. • At the annual meeting in 1773, the selectmen were instrupted to divide the town into several school districts and to proportion the taxes according to the number of children in each district. The amount raised this year for schools was £26 13s. 4d. From 1786 to 179.2 the employment of a teacher was left with the selectmen. At the annual meeting of the town in 1795, the selectmen were instructed to take measures to secure the lot of land called the " School lot," " which was said to belong to the town." The article in the warrant to provide for the emploj-ment of a school-master was this year passed over. At a town meeting held May 6, 1799, the selectmen were instructed . ' Pejepscot Records. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 483 to divide the town into such school districts as they should deem advisable. Three hundred dollars was appropriated for the support of schools this j-ear. The selectmen neglecting for some reason to divide the town into school districts, Eeverend Jonathan Ellis, Alexander Thompson, Senior, James Wilson, Arthur Hunter, William Wilson, and Samuel Winchell were chosen a committee for this purpose in 1800. The town also voted to have six school districts and to build a school-house in each district within thirteen months, and $1,200 was appropriated for that purpose, upon the condition that each district should give the land needed for its school-house. In 1801 the preceding action of the town was so far modified as to make seven instead of six districts. It was also voted this j-ear that the school committee should consist of one person in each district. In 1802, Benjamin Hasey, John Merrill, and Benjamin J. Porter were chosen a committee to petition the legislature for permission to sell the school lot and to place the proceeds of the sale as an accumu- lating fund until it should.net an income of three hundred dollars per annum, or in any other way which the General Court might think proper. In 1803 three of the school districts, Numbers 4, 6, and 6, were consolidated into one. On March 6, 1804, the General Court authorized the sale of the school lot and the investment of the money accruing therefrom. ^ Nothing of importance in relation to. educational matters appears in the town records subsequently to, this time, until the j-ear 1825. In their report for that year, the school committee express doubts '• whether knitting and sewing ought to, be permitted in town schools," and express the hope " that parents in future wiU be convinced of the impropriety of imposing this service on the instructress." In 1828 the town voted that the selectmen should make a sale of the school lot, in accordance with a former vote passed for that purpose. In 1830 the trustees of the.- school fund reported that the school lot was sold on the twelfth daj^ of December, 1829, to Captain Samuel Perkins, for three hundred and fifty dollars. In 1833 the school fund arising from the sale of the school lot amounted to four hundred and twenty dollars and thirty-four cents. In 1837 the town voted that the surplus revenue money, that was or was to be deposited with the town by the State, should be kept as a ' Massachusetts Acts, 1804. 484 msTORT OF Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. fund, and that the town treasurer should ' be permitted to loan the money on interest, under the direction of the selectmen, who should see that good security was taken, and that the interest should be divided amongst the school districts. The next year, however, though a strong protest was made against it, this vote was recon- sidered and the money was divided among the inhabitants. Between 1851 and 1870 the superintending school committee kept a record of their doings. From this record it appears that the follow- ing persons were chosen for school committee in 1851: Reverend Jonathan Clement, James Gilpatrick, and A. D. Wheeler. At their first meeting they drew lots, as provided by law, to determine the time for which they were respeclivelj' to serve on the committee. Reverend Mr. Wheeler was selected to serve one year, Mr. Clement for two, and Mr. Gilpatrick for three years. There were at this time nine school districts in town, which were designated as follows : — Number 1 was called the Jameson district. 3 " " " Oak Hill district. " 4 " " " Middlesex district. " 5 " " " Mallett district. " 6 " " " Cathance district. " 8 " " " Jack district. " 9 " " " Bay Road district. " 11 " " " Alexander district. " 12 " " " Little River district. Numbers 2,7, and 10 were united into one district, which was called the Village District. Districts Number 1, 8, and 12 were up the river. Numbers 4, 6, and 9 were down the river, and Numbers 3, 5, and 11 were back from the river. The total amount of school money received this year, from all sources, was nine hundred and ninety dollars and thirty-two cents. The whole number of children in town, between the ages of four and twentj'-one years, was six hundred and sixty. In 1 852 the total amount of school money was six dollars and thir- teen cents inore than the previous year. The school fund this year was six hundred and sixty -four dollars and flftj- cents. . Nothing has been found to show the exact time when the grading system was applied to the village schools, but on November 18, 1854, the following entry occurs in the records of the committee : " Messrs. Adams and Cotton met in the selectmen's office and examined Mr. Guslin for the Village High School. He was found well qualified." It would seem from this, since no previous reference to it has been found, that the High School must have been established this year. EDUGA7I0NAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 485 On July 22, 1848, the school committee agreed upon the followuig as the requirements for admission to the High School, namely, that pupils should have gone in arithmetic as far as simple interest, in geography though Colton's book, and in grammar through etymol- ogy. For admission to the grammar schools, pupils -were required to know the multiplication table and the simple rules of arithmetic and to have finished the primary geography. In 1859 the town voted that " the trustees of the ministerial fund, derived from the sale of the ministerial land gi-anted the town for the support of the ministrj-, transfer said fund, together with accrued interest, to the municipal officers, clerk, and treasurer of the town, as a fund for the support of the public schools, agreeably to the twelfth chapter of the Eevised Statutes of Maine." This fund was not available, however, having been loaned to individuals, one of whom was dead, and the notes of all of whom had become outlawed. In 1861 the town elected Mr. Warren Johnson as supervisor of schools. The following resolution was found in the town records on a slip of paper inserted between the leaves, and was apparently over- looked by the clerk in copjing his minutes, as it does not appear on the records : — "Whereas, in the judgment of the town, it is desirable that the management of schools be placed in the hands of one supervisor, and whereas the ill health of the Eev. Dr. Wheeler (the only member of the former board of school committee) would prevent him from discharg- ing the laborious duties of a supervisor, and the election of another necessitates his retirement after a service of nearlj- thirty 3-ears. '• Resolved, That we sensibly recognize his long and effectual ser- vices as an able and earnest educator, to whom much is due for the farmer success of our school sj-stem." In 1862 the trustees of the school fund reported at the annual meet- ing that this fund was invested in good notes to the amount of six hundred and - sixty-four dollars and forty-eight cents, and that the interest, amounting to thirty-three dollars and eighty-seven cents, had been paid, and had been divided among the several school districts. In 1863 the town returned to the practice of selecting a school com- mittee instead of a supervisor. In December of this year the com- mittee made the following changes in school-books : They voted to use the Progressive Series of Readers, in place of Town's Eeaders ; Weld and Quackenbos, in the place of Bailey's grammar ; and Green- eaf s new arithmetics, in place of his old ones. In 1869 the Wilson Series of Readers was adopted for five years. 486 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. SC fTOOT.-TE ACHEES. The names of the school-teachers prior to 1800 are unknown. The eariiest teacher in town of whom any record is found was Reverend Jonathan Ellis. Mr. Ellis taught school during a large portion of his residence in Topsham, between 1789 and 1811. At first he taught in a school-house at the eastern end of the town, near the old first meet- ing-house ; afterwards in the school-house, which stood on the lot now ■owned by Captain William S. Skolfield, on the corner of Pleasant and Elm Streets. It was a small building directly opposite where the Orthodox Church now stands. Afterwards he kept a school for three or four years in the Court House. He was teaching there at the time of the great eclipse of the sun in 1806. Mr. James Wilson distinctly remembers that the school closed at the time, and that the scholars came to his father's house to smoke pieces of glass in order to watch the eclipse. In his diary Mr. Ellis men- tions the fact that he completed his school in District Number 4 on August 2o, and in District Number 6 on October 7, 1800. On the first date there was a public exhibition by the school. Mr. Ellis was an excellent teacher. In 1802, Mr. John Hern taught in a small school-house, which stood near the Benjamin Wilson house. About 1825, Mr. Josiah Perham came to Topsham and taught the village school. He occupied the next room to the post-office, which then stood opposite the bank, where he cooked his own food, and lived by himself.. He is said to have been a good teacher and . a worthj-, persevering young man. In later years he made himself famous by inaugurating a series of cheap excursions, known as " Perham's Excursions," and still later was proprietor of " Perham's Seven-Mile Mirror," a panorama which was exhibited in many of the principal cities and towns throughout the countrj'. He is said to have been the first man to sign a petition for a charter for the Pacific Uailroad. Of other teachers prior to this date, sufficient is not known to enable us to make mention of them, and the subsequent teachers of the public schools of the town have been too numerous. ACADEMICAL INSTITUTIONS. The Topsham Academ}' was started in the j-ear 1847 or 1848 bj' a few prominent citizens of the town. Thej' purchased the old Court House and converted it into an excellent school-house, with recitation- EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 487 rooms, library, etc. The teachers the first j-ear were Messrs. Dexter A. Hawkins, class of 1848, and Charles H. Wheeler, class of 1847, Bowdoin College. Thej' were succeeded by Messrs. Albert H. Ware and George O. Robinson, both of the class of 1849, of the same col- lege. The latter wy Mrs. William S. Perrj-, in memory of her husband, the subject being "The Transfiguration"; the olher, "Moses giving the Law," which is the beautiful memento left by the class of 1877. The last makes the seventh of the pictures which have been, from time to time, added to the chapel panels. Since 1872 over $25,000 have been given the college as scholarships to aid deserving students, and $100,000 towards a general endow- ment of the college. Measures have been taken to endow a " Longfellow Professorship of Modern Languages," and a " Cleaveland Professorship of Chemis- try and Mineralogy." Efforts are also being made to add the " Upham Professorship of Mental Philosophy." Many valuable gifts have been made the college in the way of books and natural-history collections. Especialh' notable are the collection of Mrs. Frederick Allen, of Gardiner, comprising more than one thousand specimens, including many from Mount J3tna. presented b}- her daughter. Mrs. Elton, of Boston ; the Cushman collection of birds of Maine ; and the Blake herbarium. The whole number of graduates from the college up to 1876 is one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven. The number of students at present is about one hundred and thirty-seven, and of officers of instruction, fifteen. The number of volumes in the college library is 17,500; in the medical library, 4,000 ; in the libraries of the Athensean and Peucin- ian Societies, 13,100 ; and in the Historical Societj-'s library, which is placed in a room of the college chapel, 3,000 : making, a total of books accessible to the student of 37,000 volumes. Large additions have also been made to the chemical and physical apparatus. The public buildings of the college are at present : — Massachusetts Hall, containing the Cleaveland Cabinet, lecture- room, and treasurer's oflSce. WiNTHKOP Hall, containing, on the lower floor, the engineering- rooms and recitation-rooms, the upper floors being used as dormitories. Maike Hall, having on the lower floors the Athensean and Peu- 518 HISTOEY OF BBUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. cluian Societies' libraries and recitation-rooms ; and on the upper ■ floor, dormitories. Appleton Hall, containing dormitories. King Chapel, containing the picture gallerj', library-rooms, and Historical Society's rooms. Adams Hall, containing the lecture-rooms of chemistrj' and phys- ics, and the rooms of the Medical School. Analytical Laboratoey and Memorial Hall, containing g5'mna- sinm. These buildings, with the exception of Adams Hall and the Analytical Laborator3', ■will, when tlie original plan is completed, form a quadrangle, the side towards the public road being open. The preseut total estimated value of the college propertj^, real estate and permanent material, is $375,000 ; the productive funds are $244,000 ; the total annual income is $30,000. Besides the three hterary societies of the college, already men- tioned, it is proper to add that there have been, from time to time, several secret associations formed, which are presumabl}' for literary purposes. The principal ones, if not all, are designated as the Alpha Delta Phi, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Chi Psi, Psi Upsilon, and Theta Delta Chi. The history of these societies is, of course, known only to the initiated. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF MAINE. In 1S20 an Act was passed bj' the legislature, establishing a Medical School, to be connected with Bowdoin College, and also making an annual grant of $1,000, during the pleasure of the legisla- ture, for the promotion of the objects designed in its establishment. Doctor Nathan Smith, a member of several societies, both in this countrj' and in Europe, founder of the Medical School of New Hampshire, and an eminent physician and surgeon, was appointed Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine. He also assumed the duties of instructor in anatomy and surgery. He was assisted in the latter branches b}- Doctor John D. Wells, who had just taken his medical degree at Cambridge. At the close of the first course of lec- tures. Doctor Wells was chosen to fill the Chair of Anatomy, and immediately sailed for Europe, where he spent nearlj' two years, pre- paring himself for the discharge of the duties of his office. After a short but brilliant career as a lecturer at this college, at the Berkshire Medical Institution, and at Baltimore, he died, and was succeeded in 1831 bj- Doctor Reuben D. Mussey. In 1825 the Chair of Obstetrics was founded, and Doctor James BOWDOIN COLLEGE AND THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF MAINE. 519 McKeen was appointed professor. Doctor McKeen prepared him- self for the duties of his office by a preliminary study in the lying- in hospitals of Europe, and served acceptably until 1839, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Ebenezer Wells, M. D., as lecturer. In 1846 the Chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics was founded, and Doctor Charles A. Lee was chosen as lecturer, and in 1854 as professor. He resigned in 1859, and was succeeded by Doctor Israel T. Dana as lecturer and afterwards as professor in full. Doctor Thorndike resigned in 1861, and was succeeded by Doctor William C. Robinson. In 1849 the Chair of Medical Jurisprudence was founded, and Hon- orable John S. Tenney was chosen as lecturer. In 1857 the Chair of Anatomj' was separated from that of Surgery and joined to that of Physiology, and Doctor David S, Conant was elected, at first as lecturer, and afterwards as professor. He was succeeded in 1863 by Doctor Cor3-don L. Ford. Edmund R. Peaslee, M. D., who had been chosen as Lecturer on Anatomy and Surgerj- in 1843, and as a professor in these branches in 1845, was in 1857 appointed Professor of Surgerj'. From 1820 until his death in 1858, Professor Parker Cleaveland gave an annual course of lectures on chemistrj- to the medical students. Under the influence and by the exertions of these gentlemen and their successors, this Medical School has enjoyed a good degree of prosperity. At first, and for manj^ years, the lectures were given in the upper room of Massachusetts Hall, but in 1861 the Adams Hall was built expresslj- for the accommodation of this school. The present accommodations are ample, and the school has a valu- able cabinst and an excellent librarj' of choice works and expensive plates. Clinical instruction is given several times a week, and students can have the privilege of occasional visits to the hospitals of Portland at but slight expense. This school, during the fiftj'-seven years of its existence, has grad- uated one thousand one hundred and seventy-four pupils, of whom seventy have been alumni of Bowdoin College. The last class num- bered ninety members, and the present number of instructors is ten. The following is a list of the professors and lecturers not already mentioned : — Of Chemistry, Professors Paul A. Chadbourne, Cyrus F. Brackett, and Henry Carmichael ; of Theory and Practice, Henry H. Childs, Daniel Oliver, Professor John De La Mater, Professor William 520 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Sweetzer, William Perr}-, James McKeen, Israel T. Dana, Pro- fessor Alonzo B. Palmer, and Alfred Mitchell, Adjunct Professor ; of Anatomy and Surgery, Jedediah Cobb, and Joseph Roby ; of Anatomj' and Ph5'Siology, Professors Thomas T. Sabine and Thomas Dwight ; of Anatomy, Professors Thomas Dwight and Stephen H. Weeks ; of Phj'siology, Professors Eobert Amory and Burt G. Wilder ; of Surgery, Professors Timothy Childs, David S. Conant, and William W. Green; Lecturers, Alpheus B. Crosby and Thomas T. Sabine; of Obstetrics, Benjamin F. Barker, Professor Amos Nourse, Theodore H. Jewett, Professors William C. Robinson, Edward W. Jenks, and Alfred Mitchell ; of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Professors Dana, William C. Hobinson, George L. Goodale, and Frederic H. Gerrish; of Medical Jurisprudence, Cjtus F. Braokett, John Apple- ton, and Professor Charles W. Goddard. This school has exerted a very marked influence on the interests of medical science, and also upon the general interests of education in the State, and has annually sent forth a corps of physicians qualified not onl}^ to cope vigorously with the unseen, though certain foe of the human race, but who have also shown themselves, hitherto, alive to the material welfare and best interests of the State, and haAe thus far more than repaid the amount expended upon the school by the State. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 521 CHAPTER XIX. PUBLIC LANDS, KOADS, BRIDGES, ETC. PUBLIC LANDS. In addition to the ministerial lot, lot for the first settled minister, and the school lot which were granted to Brunswick and Topsham, there was another tract of land given to the town of Brunswick to be owned in common bj' the inhabitants, and sundiy pieces of marsh land, which did not come into the lots as laid out b}' the proprietors in the several towns, were allowed to be used in common bj' the set- tlers upon whose lands they bordered. Brunswick Town Commons. — The Town Commons of Brunswick originated in a vote of the proprietors. May 8, 1719, " That one Thousand Acres of Land with in the Township of Brunswick be Laid out ; To 17 in General & perpetual comonage to y° s'' Town of Brunswick Forever. "i Nothing further was done until February 3, 1742, when the pro- prietors passed a vote that " the one thousand Acres as laid down in the Plan of the Township of Brunswick which was granted by the Proprietors of Brunswick the eighth day of Maj' 1719 be reserved for a General and perpetual Commonage to the Town of Brunswick for- ever." 2 No further action was taken until June 10, 1771, when, at a meet- ing of the proprietors, it was voted that their agent be authorized to execute a deed of the 1 ,000 acres given for a Town Commons to any committee appointed b}- the town to receive it.^ The next year the town at its annual meeting voted to choose a committee " to lay out that 1,000 acres of land that was granted to this town by the Proprietors for a town commonage." It will be noticed that this committee was not chosen to receive a deed of the land. In 1773 the town voted to accept the gift of the Commons and of '^Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. ^Ibid. ^Pejepscot Records. 522 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. the roads, granted the town hy the proprietors, with the proviso that the town should not be obliged to clear anj' roads which were not needed. In 1774 the selectmen were instructed to lay ont the 1,000 acres of Commons and have it marked and a plan made in order that the town might get a deed of it. At a town meeting, held May 12, 1778, it was voted to have the Commons laid out, but the clause in the warrant relative to applying to the proprietors for a deed was laid on the table till the next meet- ing. At a meeting, held on the tenth of June, of this j'ear, it was voted " to laj' out the Commons agreeable to the minutes that were read, viz: — Said Commons to be bounded on the head of Middle Baj' lots and to extend northerly between and adjoyning upon the lots that fronts upon the twelve rod road' and the lots that fronts upon Merioonege Marshes and upon the lots that fronts upon New Mead- ows River until 1000 acres be comjDleted." Captain James Thomp- son protested against this vote. Captain William Stanwood, Jr., Mr. Andrew Dunning, and Captain John Simmons were chosen a commit- tee to superintend the laying out of the Commons, and Stephen G-etchell was chosen as the survej'or. At a meeting, held December 25, it was voted to accept the survej* of the Commons as laid out by the above-named committee. It was also voted " not to accept of a deed of said Commons from Doctor Noj-es by Esquire Hinkley's survey " ; and Thomas Skolfield, Deacon Samuel Stanwood, and Andrew Dunning were chosen a committee to correspond with Doctor Belcher Noyes, proprietors' clerk, concerning the Commons. At the annual meeting in 1779 the selectmen were directed to pro- cure a deed of the Commons as soon as possible, and the committee that was chosen to lay out the Commons were directed to complete their work as soon as possible. The selectmen were also instructed to take the most effectual way to secure for the benefit of the town the lumber growth on the Commons. In response to the notification of the selectmen. Belcher Noyes, the proprietors' agent, executed the following" deed : — " To ALL Persons to whom these Presents shall come Belcher Noybs OF Boston in the county of Suffolk & Commonwealth of the Massachusetts Esq "Sends Greeting, " Whereas in the first Settlement of the Town of Brunswick there was allowed & granted by the Original Proprietors of said Township One thousand Acres of Land within the said Township to be laid out, PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 523 to laj' in general and perpetual Commonage : And whereas the said Proprietors at their meeting dul}'' warned according to law held by Adjournment at Boston June 10"' 1771 Voted, That Belcher Noyes Esq be and hereby is impowered to execute a Deed of said one thousand acres as laid down in the plan of said Township to the Selectmen of said Town of Brunswick in trust for that purpose. "Now know yee, That I the said Belcher Noyes, in pursuance of said vote impowering me hereunto, and to the intent that the Town of Brunswick maj- hold & enjoy the Benefitt of said Grant of one thou- sand acres of Land for the purpose above mentioned, for & in consid- eration of Twenty shillings bj- me received of Nathaniel Larrabee, Andrew Duning, & William Standwood, the present Selectmen of the Town of Brunswick in the County of Cumberland & said Common- wealth Do by these presents Grant convey & confirm unto the said Nathaniel Larrabee, Andrew Duning, & William Standwood, the Selectmen of said Town of Brunswick in Tnist to and for the use & improvement of the Inhabitants of said Town forever One thousand acres of Land within the said Town of Brunswick as described & laid down in the Plan of said Township taken hj James Scales Surveyor, as follows viz' : '' Extending from the rear Line of the Lotts at Maquoit & Middle Bay, on a course northeast till you come to the County road, leading to New Meadows, including all the Land bounding Northwest on the rear of the Lotts on Maquoit road & Southeast on the rear of the Lotts at New Meadows up to said countj' road, to bound northeast on said county road according to the course thereof & southwest on the rear line of the Lotts at Maquoit & Middle Bay. And in case there should be more than one thousand acres of Land contained in said Bounds above described, the overplus be it more or less is hereby appropriated & granted for the support of the Gospel in the said Town of Brunswick forever : that is to saj^. To the use & improve- ment of the Eeverend Mr. John Miller the present Pastor of the Church in said Town of Brunswick & his successors in said ofBce forever. " To Have and to 'Hold the said one thousand acres of Land & no more as above described, unto them the said Nathaniel Larrabee, Andrew Duning, & William Standwood, the present Selectmen of the Town of Brunswick & their Successors in said office forever to and for the use and improvement of the Inhabitants of said Town of Brunswick forever and no otherwise. And the overplus Quantity contained in said Bounds more than said one thousand acres to be 524 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. and remain for the support of the gospel ministry in said town as above mentioned forever : And it is the true intent and meaning of these presents : That the said Inhabitants of said Town of Brunswick shall hold the said one thousand acres of Land above mentioned free and clear of and from any claim or Demand of the said Proprietors of said Town of Brunswick their respective Heirs and assigns forever in as fall and ample a manner as the same is derived to them by any ways or means whatsoever. And in Testimony that this Deed shall be held good & valid hj them the said Proprietors of said Town of Brunswiclj at all times hereafter, I the said Belcher Noyes by virtue of the said vote impowering me hereunto do sett my hand & seal to this Instrument as their Act and Deed this fourth day of July, in the 3'ear of our Lord one thousand seven hundred eighty one. "Belchek ISTOYES aud a seal " Signed Sealed & Delivered in presence of us, James Chace Thomas Pennell " Suffolk ss Nov 20 17S.S "Then the above named Belcher Noj'es Esq. acknowledged this Instrument Executed by him to be his Act & Deed " Before me, " Joseph Greenleaf Justice Peace." After receiving this deed, the town appears to have taken no further measures in regard to the land until 1808. At the annual meeting of that j'ear, however, a committee was appointed " to applj- to the Grant- ors of tlie Town Commons, Ministry and School lots, and Marsh," for permission to sell and dispose of them, the interest arising from the fund thus obtained to be appropriated for the use of the schools or in such other waj' as the town might think proper. A Committee was also chosen to ascertain the limits of the Commons, in order to ascer- tain if there was anj^ surplus land for the First Parish. No reply of the proprietors to the request for permission to sell the lands referred to above has been found, but it is evident that no permission waB given so far as the sale of the Town Commons was concerned. In 1811, Isaac Gates, Esquire, and Peter O. Alden, Esquire, were chosen agents of the town to petition the legislature for authority to divide, set off, and convey to the president and trustees of Bowdoin College the two hundred acres of the Commons, which by vote of the PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, -BRIDGES, ETC. 525 town, May 2, 1791, afterwards confirmed by a vote of the proprietors, was granted to the before mentioned officers of the college. On July 4, 1834, the committee chosen by the town at the annual meeting in May, to examine into the bounds of the Town Commons, reported substantially as follows, after recapitulating the foregoing votes of the town and of the proprietors. They state that the land was not measured until February, 1741, when Scales's plan of the town was made, at which time the Commons were located. They say that this plan had governed the proprietors in making all their deeds and grants, and that a copy of this plan was the only one ever recognized by the town. At or soon after the time the town received the deed of the land, several surveys were made of the Commons, one of which was made by Stephen GetchoU for the town. The proprietors employed Aaron Hinkley and John Merrill to survey the Commons. These two surveys were made from the same description, but differed from each other by the amount of four hun- dred and ninety-nine acres. As the town and proprietors could not agree as to the contents of what was included within the given boun- daries of the Commons, and as the proprietors were unwilling, in con- sequence of a disagreement with the town in regard to the taxation of their lands, to deed any more than the 1,000 acres which they had pre- viously- granted, thej- agreed, in order to settle the controversy, upon the boundaries as settled in the deed, but with tlie reservation that any surplus that there might be should " go to the support of the gospel in said town of Brunswick forever." The Commons remained without any authorized survey on the part of the town until 1811, when the legislature of Massachusetts empow- ered Jacob Abbot and John Perrj^, Jr., to set off to Bowdoin College its two hundred acres. Thej' performed their duty, and monuments were placed around the two hundred acres. In 181G a committee of the First Parish applied to the town to join them in setting off the overplus of the Town Commons. This was done October 28 of that 3'ear. The object of the parish was effected, and thej' sold the over- plus to Mr. John Given, and their boundaries were still kept up, though at that time the Commons were without permanent boundaries. The committee proceed to state that they had followed the courses of the previous committees, and had measured their distances, but found them leading far from the truth, no two reputed monuments or marks of trees agreeing with each other. They decided not to make a new sui-vej' on account of the expense and owing to the fact that the old First Parish would have reaped the benefits at the town's expense. 526 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. They recommended that before having the Commons snrvej'ed, the town should procure a quitclaim deed from the First Parish of any further right than they had already received. Also, that when a sur- vej' was made, permanent monuments should be placed at all the cor-, ners, and a plan of the survey be reported to the town. This report of the committee was accepted by the town. A committee was chosen by the town this year to examine the Com- mons in regard to the practicability and advisability of having the town farm there. This committee reported in August of that j'ear, and the town ordered the report to be printed, and instructed the selectmen to have the Commons surveyed. The selectmen were also directed to petition the legislature for permission to use the Commons for agTJcultural purposes, or to dispose of it, should the town ever so direct. The prayer of this petition was not granted. They were directed, moreover, to " procure a release of the Town Commons, to sell if the town think best at a future time, from the Pejepscot Propri- etors." The town also instructed the selectmen to demand a rent from all persons who had improved anj' part of the Commons, and to cause the removal of all who did not pay the rent. At the annual meeting of the town in 1857, Abner B. Thompson, John C. Humphrej's, William G. Barrows, Samuel R. Jackson, Richard Greenleaf, and John McKeen were appointed a committee to investigate all matters relating to the Town Commons, ascertain what title the town had to the same, and the boundaries thereof, what encroachments had been made thereon, and all other facts relating to the subject, and were instructed to make a report at some future meet- ing of the town. It was also voted at this meeting to petition the legislature to give the town a more full and absolute control of the use and disposal of the Commons, and enable them to receive more benefit from this grant from the proprietors than they could do with the land as it had been. This petition met with the same fate as the earlier one of similar tenor. The committee to examine into the condition of the Commons reported in 1858. In their report they say that the Commons had been for more than a hundred j-ears a fruitful source of perplexity, trouble, and expense to the town. Though designed for the benefit of the whole, a few had taken the lion's part, stripped it of its wood and timber, and used it otherwise as would best subserve their pur- poses. The expenses of looking after it had probably been thousands of dollars, and all that had been done resulted in nothing. Depre- PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. £27 dations had continued from year to year, and continual complaints would be made until some disposition was made which would more ctt'ectuall}' secure to the town the enjoyment of it. Until this was done it would continue to be a source of expense, instead of income, to the town. The committee say that in their preliminary examination for the boundaries of the Commons, it was found difficult to find many of its monuments ; many of them had been removed, and the purported boundaries, as given by those living in tlie proximitj- of the Commons, failed to give the proper number by nearly or more than one hundred acres. It was found necessary to search for such surveys as had been formerly made. After much trouble and investigation they had accepted the survey of Daniel Given, as settled and agreed to by the First Parish and town, in 1816, and they therefore presented the sur- vey of Charles J. Noj'es, which they had unanimouslj' agreed to adopt as part of their report, and they recommended that the town should accept the Given survey as the correct survey of the Commons. The committee give an account of all the transactions of the town in regard to the Commons, and in relation to the deed thej' remark, "A conveyance in terms 'so ample would seem impossible to be con- strued, except as giving the town the fullest scope and authority in determining the manner in which the ' use and improvements ' for the common benefit should be made." Thej- state that the surplus for the " support of the gospel ministrj'" amounted to about one hundred and ninety-seven acres. They submitted their report without any further recommendation than what has been given. The town accepted the report, and voted also that their agent be empowered and directed to enter into references with the parties whose lots abutted on the Com- mons, and in case any of these parties declined to refer the matter, the agent was instructed to institute legal proceedings to maintain and protect the rights of the town. It was also voted that when the lines were autlioritatively ascertained, the selectmen should cause perma- nent stone monuments to be erected, to mark clearlj' the boundaries of the Commons. In accordance with this vote a few monuments were erected, but the Commons remain now, as they always have been, urmiarked by any clearly defined bounds. Whether encroachments and depredations upon them have been stayed is not known. If proper measures are taken to prevent further encroachments upon it, the time is certain to come when the whole tract will be of great value and utility as a public park, i 'Persona interested in this matter of the Town Commons will find the Surveyor's Report on pages 39 and 40 of Volume 5 of Town Records. 528 inSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. EOADS. It is difficult, if not impossible, to locate with certainty manj- of the roads which were constructed in the last centurj''. With a few exceptions the records are extremely indefinite upon this point. The line of a road was generally indicated by notched trees, piles of stones, stakes driven into the ground, and similar landmarks, which have long since passed awaj-. With the assistance of Mr. Charles J. Noj-es, C. E., — than whom there is no better authority, ■ — we are enabled to give the following account of the more important roads and streets, and we believe that this account is as correct as it is possible at this late day to make it. The first regular road was constructed in 1717, by order of the pro- prietors, who voted, June 3, to have a twelve-rod road laid out from the ' ' southerly bastion of Fort George in a straight line to Maquoit," and to have a fence erected from the southerly bastion of the fort over to a small house occupied bj- Wyniond Bradburj', which stood where the cottage now is, at the top of the hill leading to the bridge. This was determined to be the end of the Twelve-Rod road, now Maine Street. 1 At the same time a road was laid out from the Fort to the Landing- Place, and from the Fort to the Indian Carrying-Place. This road corresponded with what are now Mill, Mason, and Water Streets. The road was originallj'^ laid out in a straight line, east and west, and crossed the cove opposite to the end of Mill Street, ^ but it could not have been travelled so on account of the steep declivity on the eastern side of the cove, and the travelled road was, doubtless, from the verj' first, substantially the same as at present. A four-rod road was also, in 1717, laid out to run east and west on the south side of the tenth lot, to extend the length of the lot.^ This was what is now known as McKeen Street, on the west side of Maine Street, and it then continued directlj' across what is now the college grounds in a straight line to the river. Traces of that portion of the road are still to be found. At some time, date unknown, the road across the college grounds was closed up, and what is known as Pine Street, from the Village Cemetery to Varney's Cemetery, was opened in its place. In 1717 the proprietors made an agreement with Lieutenant Joseph '■ Pejepscot Records, and Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. ^Map No. 19 in P^epscot Collection. s Pyepscot Records. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 52^ Heath for him " to cut a Road or Waj- through the Woods at least Ten feet broad, clear it, bridge it, & make it passable for Mpu & Cat- tle from Fort George the Upperway to Ej-alls Eiver being judged about Twenty miles in Length [provided the Men at Eyalls River will engage at their charge to cut & clear a Road from thence to Presump- scot River] for which when finished we will allow s" Heath Fourty pounds." 1 According to MeKeen,^ this road began at the twelve-rod road, about where General Joshua L. Chamberlain now resides, passed along the high land, westerly, to avoid the swamp, then turned a little towards the river and followed nearly the line of the present Freeport road, but more circuitouslj', passing over the hill where is now the " deep cut" of the railroad, thence by Oak Hill to Freeport. Subsequently, probably not far from 1770, the portion of the road from General Chamberlain's towards the river was discontinued, and the travel came in by what is now Mill Street. In Given's map of Brunswick (1795), this was the only road to YarmOtith. The route was about as follows, using present localities as a guide. It went along MiU Street to a short distance above the upper railroad bridge, thence along the shore and back of Jackson's burying-ground (where the road is still to be seen) , thence westerlj', passing along in front of Samuel Blaisdell's house, and so on to the deep cut and thence in nearly a straight course to Walter Merryman's, then easterly over the hill, coming out by James Littlefield's, and then about as now trav- elled to Lewis Morse's just in front of his house, and then about as now travelled to Freeport. In 1739, at the first meeting of the town in its corporate capacity, it was " voted that the roads should lay as they were laid out by John Gatchell, James Thompson, and Benjamin Parker." 3 When the roads were laid out by them is not stated, but it could not have been many years previously. The ro.ads enumerated were : — First. — A road from New Meadows to the twelve-rod road. This road began at what is now known as Howard's Point (south of the present residence of Bartlett Adams), passed around the head of ClufFs Bay, and then ran a north-northwest course to Cook's Corner, from whence it ran across the plains in an indirect line to the Twelve- Rod road, which it entered near the present meeting-house of the First Parish.* From this road were two branches, one leading to the Twelve- Rod road a short distance south of the colleges, opposite the Samuel Pejepscot Records. 2 Pejepscot Papers ; also Map No. 21, Pejepscot Collection. s Town Records, 1, p. 6. ^Map No. 24, Pejepscot Collection. Si 530 mSTOBT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWMLL. Berry estate, and the other entering the Twelve-Eod road near the old First Parish Meeting-House. Both these branches are in existence, but untravelled. Second. — A road from Stevens's Carrying-Place to Coombs's (now Howard's) Point. This was substantially the same as the road which now runs from Bartlett Adams's, up the river, passing Chapin Wes- ton's, and so on to the head of New Meadows River. Third. — A road leading from the Gurnet northerly, in about a straight line, till it intercepted the road leading from New Meadows to the Twelve-Rod road. Fourth. — A road leading from the old west meeting-house to Mid- dle Bay. It ran about the same courses as the present road, but entered the Twelve-Rod road nearer the meeting-house. Fifth. — What is now known as the old Harpswell road, from the Twelve-Rod road below the old west meeting-house to Harpswell Neck. These roads were not formally accepted by the town and their courses recorded until several years later. The town was occasionallj^ "presented" for bad roads. At the January session of the Court of General Sessions in 1739, " Benjamin Larrabee, Esquire, one of the selectmen of the town of Brunswick, appeared to answer the presentment exhibited against the said town for deficiency in the highway in said town, leading to North Yarmouth, and the said selectmen having promised to see the s"' way mended ; ordered that they be acquitted paying fees of Court, two pounds eleven shillings." At the town meeting in 1744, an order having been issued by the Court of General Sessions, for a highway between Brunswick and Georgetown, Deacon Samuel Whitnej' and Captain William Woodside were appointed a committee to lay out the same. There is no record of the action taken by this committee, but it is probable that they simply made passable the road previously laid out, as that was the only road to Georgetown, now Bath, for many years subsequently. Not far from this time, though possibly a little later, there was a road from the New Meadows River straight over to the Androscoggin, at a point nearly opposite James Mustard's in Topsham.i Here was a ferry. It is probable that the line struck the New Meadows River a short distance above Mr. Bartlett Adams's house, which was only a short distance above Brown's Ferry, across the New Meadows River. In 1753 the inhabitants of Mair Point consented to give a free road, ' Map No. 11, P^epscot Collection. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 531 BOADS IM 1764. 532 mSTOBY OF BRVNSWICE, TOPSnAM, AND HARPSWELL. one rod wide, to the lower end of the Point, and to maintain sufficient gates on any fences which crossed the road, and the town voted to be at the charge of keeping the road in repair. In 1767 this road was made two rods wide. In 1759 the road was laid out which leads from Nathan Woodward's by Gatchell's Pond and Washington Woodward's estate to the New Meadows River road. In 1760 the road from Maquoit Landing to Bunganock was laid out substantially as it now is, but at that time there was a, branch road from a short distance below N. Blake's over to the Twelve-Rod road near the Maquoit school-house. This branch was subsequently dis- continued, but at what time is not known. The location of the roads described in the preceding pages can be readily understood by refer- ence to the map of roads which is given on the preceding page. What is now known as the Pennell road, from the old Harpswell road to Peunellville, was laid out in 1770. In the year 1773, on the petition of Jonathan Bagley and of others who were interested in the lands on the river, the town voted to accept the road to Durham, which had been constructed by the petitioners. This was the river road to Durham, which then ran close to the river on the intervales, and was very crooked. Changes in the courses were subsequently made. The lower road to Freeport, starting a short distance above the old west meeting-house, and passing by Albion P. Woodside's and so on to Freeport, was laid out about the j-ear 1794. Mrs. J. D. Lamb dis- tinctlj' remembers walking through it when it was first laid out. She was then a child, nine or ten years old. The road was cut through a dense forest for nearly its whole length. It was not made passable for carriages for a number of years later. Mr. Lewis Simpson says the road was not completed until 1806. He remembers that the laborers upon the road ceased work during the great solar eclipse which occurred that year. In the year 1789 a second county road was laid out from Cook's Corner to Batl), but it was not made passable until 1795.1 The town in 1790 opposed the building of this road. The road is not shown in Given's plan of Brunswick, which was made in May, 1795, so that it was not probably a travelled road until some months subsequently-. This road ran up by Martin Storer's, and then in a very circuitous line ' Maine Jlistorical Collection, Vol. 2, p. 219. Lemont's Historical Dates of Bath, p. 41. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETO. 533 to a short distance north of Ham's Hill, where it entered the old county road which passed around the head of New Meadows Eiver. Portions of this road are still in existence and travelled. In 1794 the road from Oak Hill to Bunganock was laid out, and in 1796 the road from Bunganock to Growstown was laid out. In the year 1800 the road from L. D. Alexander's to E. C. Ray- mond's was laid out, and in 1802 what is called the Otis road was laid out. The " Friends' road," from the Durham River road to Freeport, was laid out in 1805. The turnpike to Bath, sometimes called Governor King's turnpike, was built in 18051 or 1806. Mr. Lewis Simpson distinctly recollects that at the first Commencement at Bowdoin College, in 1806, two men who were engaged in building this road came up to spend the after- noon. This turnpike was well made, and the road-bed was hard and smooth. It went through the woods nearly all the way east of Cook's Corner. The road now travelled from Brunswick to Cook's Corner and straight on to New Meadows River is a part of the old turnpike The turnpike bridge was a few rods south of the railroad bridge. The gate and toll-house were at the west end of the bridge.- According to Lemont,^ a second turnpike was built in 1806 from Bath to Brunswick, crossing the New Meadows River at Brown's Ferry. It is not probable that there was, at that time, a second turn- pike in Bath, and there is no evidence that another turnpike was built in Brunswick. The bridge at Brown's Ferry was built previous to that of Governor King, and only the abutments and piers remained in 1808-9. It is more probable that what Lemont calls the second turn- pike was a shunpike, as it is well known that, to avoid paying toll, travellers from Brunswick left the turnpike at Cook's Corner and crossed the river at Brown's Ferry. It was owing to this fact that General King established a gate on the turnpike west of Cook's Cor- ner. That expedient proved of no avail, however, as travellers there- after drove across the plains to Cook's Corner, and then down to Brown's Ferr}', thus avoiding both toll-gates. In 1810 an alteration was made in the upper county road to Bath, so that it crossed the New Meadows River a short distance above Ham's Hill, over a bridge called Hayden's Bridge, and in 1831 the road was straightened and laid out over Ham's Hill, as it is now. The Bull Rock Bridge road was laid out in 1836.3 In 1837 the New Wharf road was laid out. ^ Lemont, Historical Dates of Bath, p. 41. ^Ibid. ^Ibid. 534 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In 1843 a petition was granted by the Court of General Sessions for Lincoln County, for a road from High Street in Bath, over the Bull Bridge, through Brunswick to Freeport. At what time guide-boards were first used is not known, but in 1814 the town instructed the selectmen to repair and erect guide- boards wherever necessary, showing that some, at least, had been erected previously to that date. Twelve-Rod Eoad. — Maine Street, or the Twelve-Rod road, owing to its location and the fact that nearly all the measurements and esti- mates of distances are based upon it, is entitled to a more extended consideration than the other roads of the town. All the lots at the laying out of the town were connected with lot number one, which commenced at a point twenty-seven rods south from the flag-staflf upon Fort George. Therefore both the lots and the roads take their start from one and the same point, — a bastion of the old fort. In order to a complete understanding of the matter, it will be well to enumerate the various votes in regard to this road that have been passed by the town, or by the proprietors, since it was originally laid out in 1717. The first public action in regard to this road was taken at a legal meeting of the inhabitants of the township, held May 8, 1719. At this meeting it was voted : — " That whereas y° Proprietors have allowed a road 12 Rod wide from Fort George to Maquoit as also sundry other private ways : henceforth no incumbrance shall be Erected or Continued in any of the said Wayes." At the town meeting in 1740 it was voted that the main road from Fort George to Maquoit should be twelve rods wide. This vote was evidently intended to be merelj^ confirmatory^ of the original action of the proprietors in laying it out of that width. At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors on November 14 of this year, it was voted by them that "Whereas a Road of 12 Rods wide was granted by the Proprietors June 3, 1717, from Fort George over to Maquoit and said road has not been improved as was original^' laid out Therefore voted. That said Road run from the Southerly Bastion of said Fort George on a Streight Line over to Maquoit and that the Surveyour be directed to enter it upon the Piatt accordingly." This vote of the proprietors was not literally carried out. There is no evidence that the road was actually laid out in one straight line, and it is certain that it was never so travelled. All of the early plans locate the road as starting, on its western line, at the southwest bas- tion of Fort George, and running due south across the present depot PUBLIC LANDS, BOADS, BlilDGES, ETC. 535 grounds, to a point a short distance south of the residence of Professor A. S. Paclcard, and from thence a southwest course to Maquoit. At that time, and until the .year 1826, there was a swamp extending from the present eastern line of ihe mall to the foot of Powder-House Hill, and to avoid this swamp the travel went out to one side, and passed along what is now called Park Row, on the eastern side of the mall, and thus the eastern line of this portion of the road was established much farther east than it was originally laid out. Although the road had been laid out by the proprietors and had been built and used hy the town, it was not formally accepted as a public highway until 1769. This road being of an unusual width, and much wider than was at all necessar}- for mere purposes of travel, the town in 1791 was induced to do what would be considered bj- manj' as a very unwise thing. It chose a committee and instructed them to lease six rods in width of this road, " where they think it best, leaving the road six rods wide at such places." In April, 1792, the town appointed a committee to laj- out the road again, from Fort George to Maquoit, eight rods in width, thus redu- cing the width four rods. This committee reported at the subsequent meeting in May, and the town voted to accept the road as laid out bj' them, with an amendment to the effect that two rods should be added to the road on the west side, between Mr. Stone's and Mr. Liint's, and with some minor changes near the Maquoit shore. The land between Mr. Stone's and Mr. Lunt's was that between Mill Street and the Pejepscot National Bank. On the other side of the street, in front of Day's Block, was a deep gully which increased in depth till it entered the cove in front of what is now Maj-nard's oyster saloon, opposite Mill Street. Encroachments had been made on the opposite side of the street so that the narrowness of the road and its sidehng nature rendered travelling dangerous. It is known that accidents had at various times occurred there. In 1806 the town voted to pay fifty-nine dollars and fifty-three cents to Zephaniah Spurr, of Boston, for damages to his carriage, it having been driven off the bank and injured, owing to the bad condition of the road. It is prob- able that Mr. Stone and Mr. Lunt had leased a portion of the road, and that the town regretted its action and annulled the lease In 1793 the town voted to accept this eight-rod road, as laid out with the amendments, and the surveyors of highways were directed to open the road agreeably to the plan, which was " eight rods wide from end to end except at the landing-place at Maquoit which is twelve rods wide." A committee was also chosen to lease or quitclaim the remain- 536 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ing four rods of the old Twelve-Rod road. It is not known how much of the road was thus leased or quitclaimed. The only deed which we have seen was one to Lemuel Swift of " four rods of the twelve rod road, lying in front of Mr. Benjamin Stone's land, and situated between the land of John Carr and Captain John Dunlap's land, being twentj' square rods at seventeen dollars per acre." ^ This was the front of what is now the Rodney Forsaith estate, between Dr. Lincoln's and Benjamin Green's. In 1794, Benjamin (-base, one of the survej'ors of highways, was directed to open the 'fwelve-Rod road the full width wherever people had not purchased the four rods, and where thej' had, to open it eight rods wide. It was also voted that all persons desiring to purchase the four rods in width that had not been sold could do so by applying for the same within fourteen days. In 1804 the west line of Maine Street, as it now is, between Noble and Pleasant Streets, was accepted by the town. In 1810, to put on record the locality from whence the measure- ments of the road and town lots started, the following paper was entered on the town records : — ' ' Whereas the Record of the West line of the twelve Rod Road from Brunswick Falls to Maquoit Bay, as laid out by the Proprietors of Brunswick, mention the Flag staff standing in the south West Bastion in Fort George as the point at which they began their survej' ; and whereas the bounds and Lines of many Lotts and parcels of Land are ascertained b}' admeasurement from that point before mentioned ; and whereas Fort George and the Flag staff are demolished, and it may be of Great importance to render the precise point where the Flag staff in said Fort George stood permanent, therefore, be it remembered that we John Abbot, John Perry Jr. and Jacob Abbot, all of said Brunswick in the County of Cumberland and Commonwealth of Mas- sachusetts, have this day applied to John Dunlap Esq of said Bruns- wick who was a soldier in said Fort George, when a j'oung man, and lives nigh the plat of Ground where said Fort stood, and hath been frequently on the premises ; and to Cutting Noyes, who lives nigh the premises and assisted in removing the piece of Timber the said flagg staff was framed into : — and the said John Dunlap Esq and Cutting Noj-es have designated, according to the best of their judgement and the^^ say they think the spot where the foot of said flagg staff stood, and to render it permanent, we the said John Abbot, John Perry Jun' 1 Original deed in the possession of John L. Swift, Esq. PUBLIC LANDS, JROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 537 and Jacob Abbot have drilled a hole in the ledge or Eock and drove an Iron bolt of about one Inch and one Quarter Diameter and about Eighteen Inches in length, half the length into said Ledge or Rock, the other half above the surface in the Identical spot shewn to us as the place under which said Flagg Staff stood. "John Pekey Jun" John Abbot Jacob Abbot "Brunswick Nov SS^ 1810 " A True Copy "Dan'l Givben, Town Clerk. "William Duning ■) John Giveen Y Selectmen." Joseph Hackee ) This bolt will be found ' ' opposite to the space between two of the factory boarding-houses at the north end of Maine Street and distant southerly' from the southwest corner of the easterly house twenty-eight and one third feet, where a line from the southeast corner of the westerly house will intersect the first line in twenty-six feet, thence to the house on the corner of Maine and Bow Streets, sixty- six feet ; or by measuring easterly from and in line of the south face of Cabot Mill sevent3--six and two tenths feet, and from one to two feet beneath the surface of the ground." ^ In 1819, Abner Bourne, Robert D. Dunning, David Dunlap, Robert Eastman, and Samuel Chase were chosen a committee to ascertain the boundaries of the Twelve-Rod road and to recommend measures for the prevention of further encroachments on the road, and were instructed to report at the next annual meeting. No record is made of their report. In 1822 the selectmen were authorized to direct a survey of this road between Jacob Abbot's ^ and Robert D. Dunning's, and to receive a quitclaim deed, provided it could be done without any expense to the town except for the writing of the deed and the survej'. In 1845 the Twelve-Rod road, or that part of it called Maine Street, was again surveyed, this time by Elijah P. Pike, under the direction of the selectmen, and the survey was accepted by the town. In 1858 two rows of trees were set out on this street from the Con- gregational Church to the end of the college grounds. This was done by private subscription. 1 From Field Book of Charles J. Noyea. C. E. 2 J\'oi'j the residence of Captain A. H. Merryman. 538 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. The foregoing comprises all important facts in relation to this Twelve-Rod road with the exception of the origin of THE MALL. In 1802 there was a board fence from the northeast corner of Robert D. Dunning's house, on the hill, to the head of the present Mall. It continued, much as the fence now runs on the easterly side of the Mali, to Schwartkin's store, where the store of George B. Tenney now is. The Mall was at that time an alder-swamp which extended as far west as the foot of Powder-House Hill, and nearly as far north as Pleasant Street. Cows often had to be pried out of the mud where the Mall is. Mr. C. J. Noyes informs us that, in 1846, when survej'- ing the line of the railroad between Maine and Union Streets, he sank into the mud and water over the tops of his rubber boots. It is said that in this swamp the old settlers used to take beaver. On the Fourth of July, 18"26, the citizens united in a general assault upon this deformity of the village, and assembling at an early hour, with shovels, hoes, oxen, ploughs, and carts, they worked diligently until noon. Then the company listened to a speech from Robert Orr, Esquire, after which thej^ partook of a lunch and dispersed. A sec- ond gathering of the kind was held on the next Fourth of Julj', and after half a day's hard work the company marched to the meeting- house, stacked their arms (shovels, hoes, picks, etc.) in military stjie before entering, and listened to an oration from Mr. Edward Kent, then a student in the law-ofHce of Honorable Benjamin Orr. The work thus begun was completed by private enterprise. The project of enclosing the open area and of planting trees was started at a strawberry party in 1838, and the fence was erected and the trees set out in the spring of 1839.^ The work was assigned to a committee of three, — Doctor Isaac Lincoln, Joseph GrifHn, and John S. Gushing. It cost about four hundred dollars to fence and grade it and to plant the trees. Nearly all the trees then set out are in a flourishing condi- tion now. The committee devoted their whole time for three weeks to superintending the work, and then were obliged to make up a small deficit in the funds. The row of trees on the western side of the Mall was set out by Mr. Gushing. While the work was progressing, Mr. Gushing was married, and Doctor Adams, the oiHciating clergy- man, at the conclusion of the ceremony, remarked that he himself desired to work for the Mall, and therefore presented his fee towards that object. 1 Brunswick Telegraph, June 1i6, 1853. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 539 Nothing further was done to the Mall until 1867, when the fence around it was rebuilt. In 1873 the selectmen, in their annual report, use the following lan- guage in regard to the Mall, to which report sufficient attention has not been paid. They say : — ' ' The Mall ought to be put under the care of some person of judg- ment and taste, and attention given to its condition. If the grounds were kept clean and smooth, the walks trimmed, and seats erected in different parts, what is now unsightlj' and of no particular interest to any one, will be made an ornament and become a point to which our people will gravitate for rest and recreation during the heat of summer, and in which we shall all feel a just pride." STREETS. Some of the streets in Brunswick were laid out as private ways at an early dale, and although named by the town and repaired from time to time by the road survej'ors of the town, have never yet been formally accepted by it. This fact will account for the omission, in some cases, of the date of laying out or of acceptance of some of these streets. It has been found impossible to obtain the date of construc- tion of these private streets. As to the legal liabiUty of the town in regard to most of them, we presume there can now be httle doubt. For convenience the streets in Brunswick will be treated in alpha- betical order. Bath Street is a part of Governor King's turnpike, which was laid out in 1806. The name is applied to that portion of the road between the First Parish Meeting-House and Pine Grove Cemetery. Bajsk Street was laid out by the late David Dunlap, Esquire, over his own land. It has never been accepted by the town, and in 1867 the town refused to accept it as a highway. Bow Street was laid out in 1819, and accepted by the town under its present name in 1821. Slight changes in the courses of this street were made in 1824 and in 1830. Boodt Street was accepted b^' the town in 1853. It was named in honor of Mr. Henry H. Boody, who was then a professor in Bow- doin College, and resided on the corner of Maine and this new street. Cleaveland Street was laid out early in this century, but pre- cisely when we cannot ascertain. It was in 1821 named Cross Street. Its present name was given to it in 1869 in honor of Professor Parker Cleaveland, who lived on Federal Street opposite the end of this street. 540 mSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Centre Street was laid out as a private road in 1810. In 1821 it was named by the town Centre Street, and in 1839 it was accepted by the town. Gushing Street was laid out and accepted by the town in 1847. It was named in honor of Mr. John S. Gushing. Gedar Street was laid out and accepted in 1845. College Street was laid out in 1831. DuNLAP Street was originallj' laid out by General Richard T. Dunlap as a private way, and its name was given to it by the town as a mark of respect. Dunning Street was laid out in 1844. It was named for Mr. Robert D. Dunning. Elm Street was laid out in 1843. Everett Street, named in honor of Ebenezer Everett, Esquire, was laid out and accepted bj' the town in 1865. Elliot Street was laid out in 1858. It was named in honor of Colonel Daniel Elliot. Franklin Street was laid out and accepted in 1846. Federal Street was laid out and accepted in 1803. The propri- etors of the land gave the land and made the road. The street received its name in 1821. Referring to this street, a writer in 1820 says, " I understand the original proprietors of the land made it a condition in their grants that all liouses on this street should be at least two stories high and on a line twenty feet from the road. With this requisition there seems to have been a punctilious compliance. About twenty houses are already erected with great exactness and symmetry, and the remaining lots of land are correctly proportioned." Although no proof of any agreement of the kind referred to above has been found, it would seem not improbable, judging from the actual appearance of the street, that some agreement was made between the earlier owners of the lots. Such entire uniformity could scarcely result as a matter of chance. Green Street was laid out in 1828. It was named for James Green, a resident on the street. GiLMAN Avenue, named in honor of Honorable Charles J. Gilman, was laid out as a private way, but was named by the town as a mark of respect to the owner of the land. Harpsvtell Street is a portion of the old road to Harpswell Island, which was laid out in the last century, but at precisely what date is not known. High Street was laid out in 1850. It was first called Grove Street, and the name was changed to High in 1872, PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 541 Island Street, from Bow Street to the river opposite Shad Island, was accepted by the town in 1828. Lincoln Street, named in honor of Doctor Isaac Lincoln, has never been accepted by the town. Maine Street has been already described under the head of the " Twelve-Rod Road." The name Maine Street is applied to that portion of the road between the bridge and Mair Brook, as decided by the town in 1821. The name was given in honor of the then newly made State of Maine. It is often incorrectly spelled Main. Mill Street was laid out in 1717 by vote of the Pejepscot propri- etors. It originallj' extended only to the upper falls, or a short dis- tance bej-ond. In 1817 it was extended to Pleasant Street. It received its name in 1821. Mason Street was also laid out by the Pejepscot proprietors in 1717. In 1821 it was called Water Street, The name Mason Street was subsequently applied to it. McKben Street, named in honor of Messrs. Joseph and John McKeen, was laid out by the Pejepscot proprietors in 1717. In 1m21 it was named Cumberland Street. Its present name was given to it about ISiO. Middle Street was laid out and accepted in 1856. Noble Street was laid out in 1833 as a part of Union Street. In 1849 it was called Noble Street, as a mark of respect to Mr. John Noble, who resided upon the street. O'Brien Street was laid out and accepted in 1841. It was named in honor of Captain John O'Brien. Pleasant Street is a, part of the county road to Freeport, which was laid out in 1811. The name applies to that portion of the road between Maine Street and the guUj^, a short distance west of Powder- House Hill. Potter Street was laid out and accepted in 1845, as far as Cap- tain William Potter's, for whom it was named. In 1858 it was con- tinued to Union Street. Pearl Street, from Federal to Stetson Street, was laid out and accepted in 1845, and subsequently extended to a short distance east of the railroad. Page Street, so named in honor of Doctor Jonathan Page, was laid out as a private road. School Street was laid out early in this century. It received its name in 1828. The name was given to it because of the school which was for many years kept in the .'* old red school- house " on this street. 542 HisTOsr of Brunswick, topsham, and habpswell. In 1850, Scliool Street was widened, by adding to the northern side thirteen feet and nine inches on Federal Street, and six feet on Maine Street. Spring Street was laid out and accepted in 1850, as far as the railroad. Stetson Street was laid out and accepted in 1850. Thompson Street was laid out and accepted in 1850. It was named for General A. B. Thompson. Union Street, from O'Brien to Pleasant Streets, was laid out in 1828. In 1833 it was laid out from Mill Street as far as what is now Noble Street, the latter street then being a portion of Union Street. In 1849 the location of Union Street, between Pleasant and Noble Streets, was slightly altered. In 1858 it was continued south to Page Street, and subsequently to McKeen Street. Water Street is the easterly portion of the Four- Rod road, laid out in 1717, from the fort to the landing. In 1828 the name was applied to the whole street, from Maine Street to the landing. Subsequently that portion of the street between Maine and Federal Streets was named Mason Street. EOADS IN" TOPSHAM. Although the number of roads which have been laid out in Topsham is not so large as that of Brunswick it has been found nearly as diffi- cult to locate many of the early roads in the former place as it was in the latter. As an illustration of the indefinite manner in which many of the roads are recorded, the following is copied : " The Road begin- ing at Issabella's Barn Running to William Alexander's house was laid out by the Selectmen in October 1774." It is, perhaps, needless to say that we have found no allusions to Isabella's barn elsewhere. The first road laid out in Topsham was unquestionably one which was laid out by the Pejepscot proprietors, from the Narrows to the Cathance River. There is no record in the Pejepscot company's books of the laying out of this road, but the Topsham town records allude to it in 1764 as having been previously granted by the propri- etors, and it is shown on the plan of the town, which was made for the proprietors in 1768, by John Merrill. This road started from the Androscoggin River, a few rods below the present residence of Mr. James Mustard, crossed the ' ' Foreside " road, following the line of the Mustard and Hunter lots to the Cathance River. It was origi- nally laid out four rods wide, but in 1764 thie town voted to reduce it to two rods in width and to sell the remaining two rods. This road is PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 543 Still in existence. The portion between the " Foreside " road and the countj' road to Bowdoinham is still travelled, and is known as " Lover's Lane." From the county road to the Cathance and from the " Fore- side " road to the river the road is unused, but is fenced on each side, and is plainlj- distinguishable from the adjoining lots. The second road was the county road to Bowdoinham , which was laid out before the incorporation of the town, about 1761 or 1762.1 From allusions to this road in the town records, it appears to have begun a short distance east of the village cemetery, where there was a ferry across the river to the landing on the Brunswick side.^ From this point the road ran substantially as it now runs, passing the tan- yard and straight on to the old graveyard, thence turning to the left, passing the estate of the late George A. Rogers to the Cathance River, where there was a ferry, and from thence in about its present course to Bowdoinham. These two roads were all the public roads that were in existence at the time of the incorporation of the town. There were doubtless a number of ha^^ and wood roads in existence, but their location is not now known. At the first meeting of the town in its corporate capacity', Thomas Wilson, Adam Hunter, John Reed, John Fulton, and John Merrill were chosen a committee to lay out the highwaj'S and roads through the town. The first road mentioned in the records is what is now known as the " Foreside" road, beginning at Muddy River and following along the bay, and up the river to the county road at the top of the hill near the residence of Mr. Cyrus Purington. The county road, as previ- ously stated, ended a short distance east of the village burjdng-ground. At this point a town highway began, which ran westerly, as Elm Street now runs, up by the Free- Will Baptist Meeting-House, and so on " to the first brook beyond John Whitten's house," which was a short dis- tance beyond the Merrill homestead. In 1767 the road was continued to Little River. Various slight changes in the courses of this road were subsequently made. The next road which was laid out by the town in 1764 was " from the county road near the meeting-house to the house of Gowen Ful- ton." This was what is now called the " lower road to Bowdoinham," in distinction from that which passes over the Cathance River. At ^Records of Court of General Sessions for Lincoln County. 2 The ferry from " Ferry Point" to the landing was of a later date. 544 HISTORY OF BRUNHWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. the same time a road was laid out from the meeting-house to the " Foreside" road, which was substantially the same as that which is now travelled from the Bowdoinham road to Bay Bridge. In 1781, Samuel Thompson, John Merrill, Nathan Thwing, James Hunter, and David Reed were appointed by the Court of General Sessions, for Lincoln Countj^, to lay out a road from the county road at Gideon Walker's, to the Bowdoin Line. It was doubtless soon afterwards laid out. In 1790 what is now Main Street was laid out from the Granny-Hole Mill-right to the county road at Gideon Walker's Corner. This road was accepted in 1792 as a public highwaj'. In 1791 a road was accepted leading from the Bowdoin line over to the county road to Bowdoinham, which it entered " not far from Mr. Joseph Graves's house." In 1792 a road was laid out from Main ^treet, at a point about opposite Summer Street, running across the grounds of the estate of the late Charles Thompson, to the river. The road leading from the Little River road at " Whitehouse's Corner" to the count}' road to Bowdoin, near the residence of Mr. Benjamin Thompson, was laid out in 1792. In 1795 the road across the island to the toll-bridge was laid out, two rods wide. In 1797 a road was laid out from what is now Elm Street, between the Walker homestead and the Baptist Church, or very near there, running down the iiill across the grounds of the late Doctor James McKeen to the town landing. Mr. James Wilson remembers this road, and says it was fenced on either side for its whole length. Mr. Wilson's father owned the land, and as the town would not vote to pay him for it, he closed it up. 'ihe next year, 1798, a road corresponding to what is now Thomp- son Street was laid out from Main Street to the landing. The same year two county roads were laid out. One was from Littleborough, through Green, Lewiston, Bowdoin, Little River, and Topsham, to the Androscoggin Bridge. The other was from the same bridge to the south line of Litchfield. The course of both these roads through Topsham was over the town roads previously established. In 1799 what is known as the Meadow road was laid out. What is now known as Green Street, from the Congregational Church to the Granny-Hole Bridge, was accepted by the town in 1799. A portion of this road from the church to Thompson Street had been made previously by Mr. James Wilson, Senior, as a private road, for PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. ' 545 Ms own use, lie making a log-bridge or causeway across what was then a gully, and which has since been filled up, the depression between the church and the Bowman House. In 1803 the town was indicted by the grand juiy for having bad roads. What is now known as Summer Street was laid out in 1826, and accepted by the town the following year. Pleasant Street, as far as Union Street, was laid out and accepted in 1828. In 1851 the selectmen, by order of the town, assigned names to the streets and caused signs to be put up at the corners. Orr Street was laid out in 1856. At a meeting held in September, 1859, a committee was chosen to meet the county commissioners of the county of Cumberland, in Brunswick, for the purpose of opposing the laying out of a road from Cashing Street in Brunswick, so as to cross the Androscoggin Eiver over Goose Eock, so called, and to continue through Topsham to the Lisbon road. In 18G2 the town voted to accept the road as laid out by the county commissioners from near Rufus Rogers's mill to the Andros- coggin railroad bridge. On October 10, 1863, a road or street was accepted leading from Main Street, on the Island, across the sand-bed to Water Street, opposite the residence of Mr. Eben Colby. At a meeting, held September 12, 1864, the town voted to build the bridge across the drain and to discontinue the rest of the street, which was laid out in October, 1863, from Main Street (on the Island) to Water Street. ROADS IN HAEPSWELL. It is not known precisely when the main roads on Harpswell Neck and on the Island were laid out. The earliest mention of them that we have found is in the records of the town for 1760, when it was voted " that the road through the Neck should stand as last laid out by Mr. Jonathan Flint, survej'or." The courses of the road, as laid out, were very nearly the same as those of the present one, but the road did not then go the end of Potts's Point. i In 1761 it was voted that " the road on the Island laid out by the Proprietors should be a Town Road." No description of it is given at this date, but in 1786 Stephen Gatchell made a survey of "the main road " and other roads on the Island. It appears that this sur- 1 See map, page 531. 35 546 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. vey was simply to put on record the courses of the roads a^ formerly laid out. The road from the ferry around the head of Long Reach was laid out in 1764. In 1821 the road on Orr's Island was accepted as a town road, and a road on Great Island, from the Orr's Island bridge to the main road, was also accepted. Various private roads and public roads of minor importance have also been laid out, from time to time, as the convenience of the inhab- itants required. FEEEIES AND BRIDGES. Before bridges were built, all the streams in this vicinity that were not sufficientlj' shoal to be safely fordable were crossed \>y means of ferries. The earliest ferry of which there is anj- record was across the New Meadows River at the point of land a short distance below the pres- ent residence of Mr. Bartlett Adams. This was " Brown's Ferry." Precisely when it was established is not known. The earliest mention of it in the Brunswick town records is in 1765, and it is probable that it was established a short time previously' to that date, by Benjamin Brown, who li^-ed on the Georgetown (now Bath) side of the river. Brown kept this ferry until 1792. At the annual meeting of the town of Brunswick in 1792, the town expressed its desire " that John Peterson, Esquire, would keep a ferry across New Meadows River where Benjamin Brown has kept for some years past." Peterson complied with this request, and maintained a ferry at this point until a bridge was built, which was somewhere about the year 1796, the precise date not being known. A ferry across the Androscoggin, from Mr. James Mustard's in Topsham to a point a short distance below the present residence of Mr. Martin Storer in Brunswick, was established as early, probably, as 1768, at which time there was a road from the C'athance to the Androscoggin at Mustard's, and from, the New Meadows River to a point nearly opposite Mustard's. It is known that there was for many years a ferry at this point called " Mustard's Ferry," but the date of its establishment is not known. James Mustard, of Topsham, was licensed by the Court of General Sessions for Lincoln County, to keep this ferry in 1784, but there must have been one kept at this spot long before. The ferry landing is still plainly discernible. In 1781, Ezra Randall, of Topsham, was licensed to keep a ferrj^ PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BlilDGES, ETC. 547 from his landing to that of Stejjhen Andrews. This ferry was a short distance below the present Bay bridge. There was also a ferry, at an early period in the last century, from the landing in Brunswick to the Topsham shore. On September 8, 1761, Samuel Wilson was licensed to keep a ferry over the Andros- coggin River, about one hundred rods below the falls, and gave bonds in the sum of £20 for the faithful discharge of his trust. He was per- mitted to demand and receive of every passenger three "coppers," and three "coppers" for each horse ferried across. The Topsham landing-place was at first, probably, a short distance east of the present village burying-ground. Later, about 1783 to 1796, it was near the point at the end of the iron railroad bridge, which then went by the name of Ferry Point. Dming this later period, the ferry was kept by Brigadier Samuel Thompson. It is stated in North's " History of Augusta" ' that in 1790, Henry Sewall and General Dearborn, who had been appointed marshal of the District, in going to Portland on horseback, to attend the District , Court, weut by the way of " Cobbosee " and Fort Richmond, and " swam the river at Abagadussett, and crossed CatJiance and Bruns- wick Rivers in ferry-boats." Where the ferry across the Cathance was situated, we do not know, but it was probablj' at Bowdoinham village, as a bridge had been constructed long previously at the Cathance mill- right in Topsham, where the county road crossed that river. The ferry across the Androscoggin was doubtless that kept by Brigadier Thompson. The first feny in Harpswell of which we have any knowledge was established in 1764, as shown by the following extract from the towii' records : — " Voted, to have a ferry started near the Narrows, a good ferry boat built and a convenient road for man and horse cleared to the head of Long Reach and over the head of Long Reach so called, at or before the first day of October next, and a ferry man to tend s*^ ferry on Sabbath daj-s till half after nine of the clock in the morning and after meeting to ferry the people back again and to tend ou Town Meetin days." Paul Raymond, Benjamin Jaques, and Nathaniel Purinto were chosen a committee to carry the vote into effect. In 1772 one was established from Indian Point on Sebascodigaii Island to Trotter's Point in Georgetown, by order of the Court of General Sessions. The fare was fixed at three " coppers " for a man,. ^ Opus cU., p. 222. 548 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. six for a horse, eight for an ox, twelve tot a yoke of oxen, five for a cow, and one each for swine or sheep. i In 1795, Daniel Blaj'sdell, Jr., was licensed bj' the Court of General Sessions for Lincoln Count}- to keep a ferry over New Meadows Eiver from the landing near his honse in Georgetown to tlie opposite landing in Harpswell, and gave bonds in the sum of one hundred and forty dollars for the faithful discharge of his duty. He was al- lowed to charge twenty-five cents as the fare for a man and horse. Temporary ferries also have been established across the Androscoggin at various times during the present centur}', when the toll-bridge was, for anj' cause, impassable. Of this character, probably, was the ferrj' in existence between Topsham and Brunswick in 1827, though it is possible the old ferry maj' have been continued to this date. From the records of the Court of General Sessions for Lincoln Countj-, it appears that at this time James Wilson was discharged as a ferry-man, and Nathaniel Quint was appointed in his place. At the same time the ferriage toll was increased as follows : For a horse and chaise, twenty- five cents ; for a horse and coach, fifty cents ; for a horse and rider, , twelve and a half cents ; for a horse and wagon, sixteen cents ; for cart, oxen, and driver, thirty^ cents ; for neat cattle, per head, six cents ; for sheep and swine, per head, four cents ; for foot passengers, three cents. The first bridge over any considerable stream which was built in this vicinity was one over the Cathance River in 'J'opsham, at the "mill-right,'' which was built in 1768. It cost forty dollars, or at least that was the amount appropriated b^^ the town for the pui-pose. The next bridge in point of date was what is now known as the Gurnet Bridge, connecting Brunswick and Great Island, Harpswell, which was built in 1789. It was rebuilt in 1839. In 1795 an attempt was made to have a bridge built across the Androscoggin River bj^ the towns of Brunswick and Topsham, and the town of Brunswick " voted very generallj^ to build the one half of a bridge across Androscoggin River, to begin near Doctor Nj-e's Mill." A committee was chosen to " see the matter carried on," and the town also voted to raise £300 for building the bridge, but not to assess the money until leave to build it had been granted bj- the General Court. Nothing came of this attempt to construct a free bridge, but the next year certain persons were empowered by the legislature 1o build a toll-bridge from Nj-e's mill, in Brunswick, to the Middle Rock, and from thence to the rock below the " Great Mill " In Topsham. ' Jleco! ■ds of Court of General Sessions in Covnty Commissioners' Office, Portland, 1772. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 549 The Act incorporating " The Proprietors of Androscoggin Bridge" was passed and approved Februarj- 26, 1796. The incorporators were "William King, Benj. Jones Porter, John Dunlap, Wm. Stan- wood, 3d, Cutting Noj-es, Amos Lunt, James Stone, John Merrill, Jr., James Wilson, Daniel Clark, Joseph Laugdon, Ebenezer Emei-- son, Isaac Johnson, John Blanchard, John Merrill, Pelatiah Haley, Actor Patten, Benj. Hasey, Wm. Owen, and Theo. Symmes. A schedule of rates of toll was prescribed by the Act, which should be in force for thirty years ; after that, subject to legislation. In March an additional Act was passed, fixing the number of shares at five hundred, at eight dollars each, and providing that no one per- SQU should purchase more than six shares within six days from the opening of the books, thus enabling persons of limited means to become shareholders and preventing the control of the bridge being monopolized by a few individuals. The bridge was built during the summer of 1796, and a toll-house was built in the fall. In the spring of 1811 the bridge was carried away by a freshet, and was rebuilt the s^me year at a cost of $5,591.42. June 22, 1814, the toll-house and greater part of the bridge were carried awaj^ by a freshet. They were at once rebuilt at an expense of $3,500. In the spring of 1827 the bridge was again carried awaj-, and the directors voted to rebuild and to make the abutments of stone. Previously the}' had been made of wood. The expense, in- cluding a toll-house, was about $6,000. Since 1827 the bridge has not been disturbed by freshets. Androscoggin Bridge in 1S28. 550 HISTORY OF BRVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. In 1842 the bridge was destroyed by fire and rebuilt tlie same year. For some years previous to 1842 the bridge was a covered one. After that it was Open. This bridge was repaired and made free April 10, 1871. The value set by the appraisers was f2,57o. It is now owned by the towns of Brunswick and Topsham. In 1795 the first bridge across the " Granny-Hole Stream," in Topsham, was erected, connecting the Island with the main land. In 1796, according to Lemont, a bridge was built across the head of New Meadows River.i This statement is probably erroneous, and the bridge built at that time was doubtless at Brown's Ferry, where in 1808 were the ruins of an old bridge. ^ In 180.5 the first turnpike bridge was built across New Meadows River. 3 In 1806 a second bridge was built across the New Meadows River. ^ This was probably the one at the head of the river alluded to by Lemont as having been built in 1796. This is the more probable, as in 1810 the town voted to build a road to Hayden's Bridge, and a Mr. Hayden lived near the head of the river at that time. In 1829 a bridge was built from the Brunswick shore to Shad Island. " Father" Stetson wrote in his diary, under date of Novem- ber 26, 1829, that he " walked to the new bridge to the Island amidst the falls." Previous to this time access to the Island was only had by means of boats. The bridge connecting Great Island and Orr's Island was built at some time between 1833 and 1845, by Samuel Orr, Ralph Johnson, Jr., David Wyer, Thomas S. Jack, Michael Sinnett, John Conley, William Orr, Charles Black, Richard Orr, Jr., and William D. Orr, inhabitants of Orr's Island. In 1852 they gave the bridge to the town, and the town voted to accept it and to keep it in repair. The bridge was wantonly destroyed in 1857, and the town soon after rebuilt it. Bull Rock Bridge was built in 1835. One half of it was paid for and owned by the town of Brunswick. Bay Bridge was completed in July, 1836. It was built by the town of Bath at an expense of $12, 000. ^ Lemont^ states the cost to have been S20,000. It was and is a toZZ-bridge. In 1849 the railroad bridge across the New Meadows River was '■Historical Daces of Bath, etc., p. 39. * Lemont, Historical Dates of Bath. 2 Reminiscences of several aged citizens. ^ The Regulator, July 23, 1836. ^Massachusetts Special Acts, o Historical Dates of Bath, etc., p. 39. PUBLIC LANDS, EOADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 551 built, and in 1850 the railroad bridge across tlie Androscoggin, below the falls, was built.. In 1859 considerable interest was excited in regard to a free bridge between Brunswick and Topsham. Public meetings were occasional!}- held for several j^ears to consider the subject. In 1860 the town of Brunswick voted to unite with the Andros- coggin Railroad Companj' in building a biidge across the river, pro- vided the cost to the town did not exceed $2,500, and provided the companj' would agree to keep the bridge in repair, except the floor- ing of the public travelled way. Topsham opposed the building of a bridge at Goose Rock, but favored building one at Shad Island. The bridge was, however, built and opened to the public on March 27, 1861. Besides those which have been enumerated, there were many small bridges across brooks and gullies which were not of sufficient impor- tance to merit any extended notice in these pages. The following bridges of this description are mentioned simplj' to show the changes which have been made in the roads and streets at the places where they were formerly located. In Topsham there was, in 1764 and later, a bridge across " Gravel Island Gully," near the tan-yard of Mr. Cyrus Purrington. There was also one at the same time over the brook and gully near the village burying-ground. In 1802, and probably earlier, there was a bridge across the deep gully on what is now Winter Street, just back of Goud's store. The bridge was fifteen or twenty feet above the brook which flowed under it. About this time a horse belonging to Thomas Wilson fell off the bridge and was killed by the fall, and the chaise to which the animal was attached was considerably injured. There was no railing to the bridge, and the town was therefore liable for damages. In 1804 the town voted Mr. Wilson three hundred dollars, and thereby probably saved a lawsuit. In Brunswick there was a bridge across the ravine on Bow Street. It was first built by private parties, but in 1833 the selectmen were instructed to rebuild it. It was a trestle-work bridge, about ten feet high. There was a similar bridge at Stone's Brook, on Pleasant Street, west of Powder-House Hill. In 1825 there was a small bridge on Federal Street, at the foot of the hill. 552 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. CHAPTER XX. COMMEECIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. In the snoceeding chapters upon the commercial history of the towns of Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell, it is intended to include not only matters pertaining to the business of these towns, but also the cost, at different periods, of the necessaries of Ufe, and matters con- nected with municipal taxation. All facts; however, concerning the rise and progress of navigation and the construction of railroad and telegraph lines have been placed, for convenience, in another chapter. The earliest business carried on here, in addition to farming and trading in furs, was salmon and sturgeon fishing. Thomas Purchase, soon after his settlement here in 1628, caught, cured, and packed salmon and sturgeon for a foreign market, and it is stated that there were at one time, " saved in about three weeks, thirty-nine barrels of salmon, besides what was spoiled for lack of salt, and about ninety kegs and as many barrels of sturgeon, and that if they had been fitted out with salt, and apt and skilful men, thej' might have taken abun- dance jnore." 1 It is also stated in Douglas's History that there was a company formed in London for the purpose of importing cured or dried stur- geon, and that they had an agent at the foot of Pejepscot Falls, and a building erected there. This was no doubt, as McKeen observes, a very considerable business, and was carried on upon quite a large scale, from time to time, until into the last century, and until the commencement of King Philip's war, in 1675, it was, doubtless, a great business with Mr. Purchase. The business has not been carried on to any extent within the present century, the salmon having entirely disappeared from the river, and there being fewer sturgeon than formerly and a lessened demand for the latter. Present indica- tions betoken, however, a return of the salmon fishery before verj' many j'ears. 1 Reding'a Deposition, Pejepscot Papers. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 553 DAMS. Before water-power could be made available for propelling the machinery of mills, it was necessar3- that dams should be erected. The first one erected across the Androscoggin Eiver was the upper dam. It was built about the year 1753. It was, without doubt, carried away by freshets in the last century, and rebuilt at different times. It is known to have been carried awaj^ in 1814, and to have been rebuilt soon after. In 1839 it was carried away and was rebuilt the following j'ear, at a cost of $6,134.66. The owners at that time were Alfred J. Stone, Rufus Rogers, David Dunlap, Gardner Green, R. T. Dunlap, Thomas Pennell, William Curtis, Daniel Stone's heirs, and Hugh Patten. A portion of this dam was carried oflT in 1859, and was never rebuilt: Later freshets have carried away the remaining portions. The long dam was probably built about the 3-ear 1756. In 1828, John Dunning, of Brunswick, ninety years of age, testified that " the long dam, so called, was built by some person or persons to me unknown, when I was about eighteen or nineteen years of age. It extended from the Topsham shore, near where the great mills, so called, were built, to the island now called the Shad Island.. A j'ear or two after the long dam was built, the same proprietors or persons that built the long dam, built the gulf dam from the south side of said island to the Brunswick shore. I recollect that Hugh Wilson and Samuel Wilson, of Topsham, with one Douglass, were concerned in the aforesaid dam and mills at the time, or soon after, the same were erected, as I have before stated. I think that soon after this llam and mills were built. Brigadier Thompson, of Topsham, became a proprietor of the same, with others. My father, David Dunning, and Jeremiah Moulton were the owners of the Fort right, so called, and conceiving that the persons who built the long dam, so called, had committed a trespass, hy building the same, sued the trespassers, and recovered damages." Mr. Dunning also testified that the main channel of the river, before the dams were erected, was between Shad Island and the Brunswick shore. It is not altogether improbable that the long dam was built to divert the water into the drain which led to the Hodge Mill in Topsham. Indeed, as there were no other mills on the Topsham side at that time, and as this dam of itself would be of no use to any mill on the Brunswick side, it is difficult to conceive for what other purpose it could have been built. The gulf dam, according to the statement given above, was first 554 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. built about 1760. If this were so it was probably carried away by a freshet, as there was one built there about 1772 by Joshua Nye and the Dunnings. This dam was built straight across from Shad Island to the mainland, and the water was brought to the mills below through a flume. This dam was carried off by nearly everj- freshet, and, finally, about 1815, it was built in its present shape hy William E. Weld, who obtained one half the privilege as his compensation. A small portion of this dam has been carried away by a freshet, and a portion was rebuilt in 1874, but the larger part of it is the original dam. The middle, or factory, dam was built about the year 1772. It was carried awa}' by a freshet in 1785. It was rebuilt, and a portion of it was again carried away in August, 1833. In 1835, Colonel Loammi Baldwin, of Boston, made a survey of the water-power of the Androscoggin Eiver, at Brunswick. In his report, dated November 12, of that year, he states it as a demonstra- ble fact that this river discharges more water than any other river in the State, being equal, at the lowest stage of the water, to more than 4,000 cubic feet in a second. According to this report the whole fall of water is 40.83 feet, divided at that time by three dams. At the upper dam there was a fall of 11.30 feet ; at the middle dam, of 14.04 feet ; and at the lower dam, of 15.49 feet. From the upper to the middle dam, on the Brunswick side, the distance was 1,280 feet. From the middle to the lower falls the distance is seven hundred feet. " The lay of land about these falls," says the author of the " Water- Power of Maine," ' ' is favorable to the growth of a great manufactur- ing city. On the Brunswick side, below the village, the ground lies in three extensive levels of such height and form as to admit of improve- ment without grading. A natural ' run ' leads from the required site of the upper dam to those levels, and could be converted into a grand canal at a very small expense. The fall could be increased to fiftj''- five feet by raising the upper dam, and the damage for flowage would be inconsiderable, the land on both sides of the river to Lisbon Falls, eight miles above, being mostly high." There is now no dam at this fall, and but a small portion of the water-power of this river is now made available here. There are a few other powers in town at present unimproved. One, about three miles above the falls, is known as the " Quaker Mill Pond." It is capable of furnishing power for a num- ber of saws. The Bunganock and New Meadows Rivers can also be made available for manufacturing purposes. COMMERCIAL BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK. 555 CANALS. In 1797 or 1798 i a corporation was formed for the purpose of con- structing a canal to unite the waters of Merrj'ineeting Bay with those of New Meadows River. It was intended for the transportation of lumber, and not as a passage for vessels. John Peterson was one of the proprietors and was the leading spirit of the enterprise. The canal was builj, but probably it did not answer the purpose for which it was intended, on account of there not being a sufficient difference of level between the two ends, and the experiment was soon abandoned. Traces of this canal are still to be seen. In 1807 a petition was sent to the General Court for authority to establish a canal for a similar purpose, from the Androscoggin River, above the falls, to Maquoit. A survey was made in December of the same year by Benjamin Franklin Baldwin. The following is a synopsis of the survey : — General course, south- southwest and irregularly south. Com- mences about half a mile above the falls. It crossed Mair Brook, Widow Hunt's swamp, bridge at the county road a short distance east of Starbird's tannery, through Captain Skolfleld's land, and by the head of Maquoit Marsh. The distance was about three miles and eighty rods. Greatest elevation of land . . . 46 ft. 5 in. 7 " depression " . . 37 ft. 8 in. Average elevation " . . 29 ft. 8 in. 9 " depression " . . 24 ft. 1 in. " elevation of whole . . 5 ft. 7 in. 9 We have been unable to ascertain if any company was formed, but the canal was never built and probablj- never begun. MILLS. Geist-Mills. — Providing for the sustenance of the body is the first thing to occupy attention in a newly settled region, and though proba- bly the very earliest settlers pounded their maize, after the mode of the Indians, in mortars of stone or iron, j^et without doubt the first mills erected were grist-mills. There is no evidence of the existence of any mill hereabouts until after the formation of the Pejepscot Company, and from the small num- ber of settlers antecedent to that time, it is almost certain that there ' Lemont's Historical Dates of Bath, pp. 8 and 70. 556 msTORY OF Brunswick, topseam, and haepswell. were none. The earliest reference to any project of the kind is con- tained in the records of that company. At a meeting of the proprie- tors, held September 14, 1715, one of their number, Mr. Watts, was desired to take the advice of a millwright in regard to the best place for a mill and the estimated cost, and he was requested to make a report on his return, " in order to our agreeing for a Mill against the Spring." His report is not in the records, but on September 5, 1716, the proprietors voted " that the Small Stream in a GuUey lying about Twenty Rodds W. N. W. from Fort George at Brunswick be granted to Captain John Gyles and Mr. W" Goodwin and their Associates, provided they erect a Saw MiU or a Grist Mill thereon within a twelve month, & lisep it going." i It appears from the record of a subsequent meeting of the proprie- tors, held on February 3, 1741, that this proposed mill was never erected, and as Gyles and Goodwin failed to fulfil the conditions of the grant, the right to the stream reverted to the proprietors. Inas- much, however, as a grist-mill in this new township would be, in the opinion of the proprietors, " of great advantage for the Inhabitants to grind their Corn and tend to promote good Husbandry,'' they at this meeting passed a vote that the stream and gully already mentioned, together with about an acre of land, exclusive of rocks, and the exclu- sive privilege of building mills upon it, should be granted to their part- ner, Mr. Henry Gibbs and his heirs and assigns, with the proviso that he or they should " build a Grist Mill thereon, within two years from the first day of May, 1742, if no war with the Indians and French" ; and in case of the occurrence of war within that time, two years was to be allowed after the termination of it, and with the further proviso that the mill should be kept in good repair as a grist-mill for five years, or in default thereof the privilege was to revert to the proprietors. This privilege was bounded as follows : — "Beginning at the west bastion of Fort George, thence west two Rods across the two Rod Road thence west and by north twenty-four Rods to Androscoggin River, thence down said River to a Stake standing b3' said River, thence South to the Northerly Corner of B^ort George, thence by Fort George to the Westernmost Corner of the Bas- tion first-mentioned according to a Plan of the same under the hand of James Scales, Surveyor, bearing date Nov. 16, 1741." This was the origin of what was subsequently known as the " Fort Right." 1 Pejepscot Eecwds. This stream floioed across what is noiu Bow street, where the Cabot Company's cotton house is, and entered the river. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 557 On June 14, 1751, James 'Ihompson and Anthony Coombs of Brunswick convejed '■ to Aaron Ilinkley, Nathaniel Larrabee, Gentle- men of Brunswick, Humphrey Purinton, Cordwainer, Georgetown, and Isaac Snow and Cornelius Thompson, of Brunswick, j'eomen, six eighth parts of a Cove at New Meadows, between the land of Anthony Coombs and James Thompson, for the privilege of erecting a mill or mills. "^ In 1 753 a grist-mill was erected at New Meadows, doubtless on this cove, and another at Maquoit.^ In 1769 there was a grist-mill on Mair Brook, ^ where Getchell's mill now stands. There has been a mill at that place nearly all the time since, though of late years it has been not a grist, but a carding mill. In 1794 John Peterson had a mill at New Meadows. In 1795 there was, according to a plan of Brunswick made at that time by John Given, a corn-mill on the upper dam on the Brunswick side. Refer- ence is also made in the margin of this plan to two other corn-mills, but the map is so defaced that it is impossible to determine their local- ity, though there is little doubt that one of them was the one at New Meadows and the other upon the lower dam. The first grist-mill with apparatus for bolting the meal was erected in the latter part of the last century bj' Mr. Benjamin Stone.* In 1819 a Mr. Quinby had a grist-mill on the bank of the river west of the cotton factory which was run by a windmill. In 1820 there was a grist-mill in operation at the upper dam, under 'the man- agement of Henry Putnam, Esquire, which was spoken of at the time as being " remarkable for its perfect and ingenious system of machinerj'." At the same time there was a grist-mill at the end of the biidge where the pulp-mill now stands. In 1836 there- were two corn and flour mills within the limits of the village, one of which was on the " Nye" privilege near the bridge, and the other was probably at the upper dam and managed by Charles B. Mitchell. In 1839, Mr. Samuel S. "Wing bought a part of the Nye grist-mill. This mill was a two-story building with two runs of stones, one for wheat and one for corn. In 1842 the mill, with all the adjoining property, including the Androscoggin Bridge, was burned. It was rebuilt the next year, and one run of stones added for grinding barley. In 1860 the mill was again destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt the same year. '■ York County Records, Vol. 36, p. 147. 2 Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. Memorandum on cover. 3 Town records. * Jame.s Curtis' s Journal, in the library of the Maine Historical Society. 558 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. with three runs of stones, and in 1871 it was again burned, since when there has been no grist-mill on that privilege. In 1859, D. and C. E. Scribner bought the privilege, now occupied by them at the Brunswick end of the old toll-bridge, and put in machinery for the manufacture of flour, wheat meal, crushed wheat, corn-meal, etc. The capacity of the mill is about two barrels of flour per hour aud about fifteen bushels of meal per hour. The mill is kept running almost constantly on flour, but corn and grist work is insuf- flcient to keep that department running all the time. The Messrs. Scribner were the first in these towns to make flour from wheat brought from the West. Saw- Mills. — At a meeting, held September 5, 1716, the proprietors voted to employ persons to look out a proper place for erecting one or two saw-mills within the Hmits of their purchase, and " that the running Gear therefor be provided Seasonably." Also that the small stream in the gull.y west of Fort Georges hould be granted to Gyles and Goodwin, as has already been mentioned, provided a saw-mill or grist-mill should be built thereon within one year.i At another meeting of the proprietors, held in the following October, it was proposed, unless more convenient places could be found, that two saw-mills should be built at " Bungamunganoek" Falls. On No- vember 28, Mr. Samuel Came, of York, ofl°ered to build the running gear for a mill with two saws for £27 and the mill itself for £30. His ofler was 'accepted, and he was desired to prepare running gear for two mills, and to set one up, earlj- in the spring, at "Bungamunga- noek '' Falls, and the other at the most convenient place he could find for timber, stream, etc., and to suit the settlements. To this Mr. Came agreed. On October 14, 1717, it was agreed that Captain Gj'les should be written to "to put our saw mill at Bungamunganoek under Improve- ment till we shall take further order about it." ^ From this it would appear probable that one mill had already been erected, and it is not at all unlikelj' that the other was built soon afterwards, though prob- ably on the Cathance, for on April 28, 1718, it was voted that those of the proprietors who were going to Pejepscot should as soon as posible get the " two mills put into good oi-der and under good Improvement." 3 From a memorandum made upon the cover of the Brunswick Records, in the Pejepscot Collection, it seems that in 1753 there were 1 Pejepscot Records. 2 jud, a lud. COMMKSCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 559 no less than six saw-mills in Brunswick. Three of these were at New Meadows, one was at Maquoit, one at Bnnganock, and one at the Brunswick Falls. This latter was the first mill ever built on the Androscoggin River, and according to McKeen,i was on the upper dam It was probably built by Jeremiah Moulton, of York, and David Dunning, though the date of erection may have been as late as 1761.2 The authorit}- for McKeen's statement we have been unable to find, but presume it was a traditional account. On November 14, 1761, Belcher Noyes, the proprietors' agent, deeded to David Dunning and Jeremiah Moulton the mill privilege that has since been known as the Fort Right. Its bounds, as described in the original deed, were as follows : — ' ' South on a road laid out to the Indian Carrying Place above the Falls, on said Androscoggin River, which is on the west side of said road to Maquoit, adjoining to lot number one. Northerly on the road laid out on the east side of said road to Maquoit to the landing Place on said Androscoggin River (exclusively of what land belongs to lot number one) , and on said Androscoggin River according to the Course thereof above the Falls, so as to comprehend the land included within the said limits, exclusive of what land belongs to lot number one (together with one moietj' or half part of anj- Rocks or Islets adjacent thereto) and one half of privilege of Stream." This included all the land north of Mill and Mason Streets, between the town landing and the upper dam. By a vote of the proprietors, October 22, 1762, the right and privi- lege granted by this deed was extended so as to embrace the Topsham side of the river. This "right" afterwards became divided among the heirs and those. to whom a portion of it had previously been sold, and the larger part of it is now owned by the Cabot Manufacturing Company, although Scribner's flour-mill and the mills in the Cove are located upon it. In 1767, Esquire Woodside was the owner of a saw-mill, 3 which was probably at Bunganock. About the year 1772 two saw- mills were erected about where the pulp-mill now is, by Joshua Nye and Andrew Dunning. In 1792, Samuel Stanwood had a mill at Maquoit. In 1795 there were, according to Given's plan of Brunswick, two saw-mills on the upper falls and one on the lower, besides four other '■Manuscript Lecture. 2 Record of Court of General Sessions in County Commissioners' Office, Portland. 3 Town Records of Brunswick, 1, p. 68. 560 mSTOET OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. saw-mills, the exact location of wMch cannot be determined in conse- quence of the defaced state of the map. One of them was probably the so-called ' ' Folly " mill, which stood about where the Factory Gas- House now stands. This mill received its name in consequence of what was deemed, at the time, an act of folly. The brook which was to supply the water came from the swamp, which then existed where the depot now is, and ran down what is now Union Street and under Mill Street. On or near the mouth of this stream, Mr. Samuel Page built a mill, which of course failed to be of much practical benefit on account of the small and intermittent supply of water. In the latter part of the last century Captain John Peterson had a saw-mill at New Meadows. On July 8, 1808, Johnson Wilson received a deed of Shad Island, then called Fishing Rock Island, and not long afterwards he erected a double mill upon it. On June 10, 1816, Ephraim Jones entered into an agreement with William Frost and Nathaniel Greene, of Topsham, and perhaps'with others, to build a saw-mill on this island, sixt3'-five by forty feet in size, and to have it finished by August 10. The mill was built that year. There were at the falls, in 1820, including those in Topsham, twenty- flve saws. It has not been found practicable to obtain reliable infor- mation as to the exact date of erection of many of these mills. Their number at this time shows conclusively the importance of the lumber business then carried on, and consequently' the thriving condition of these places. It was estimated at this time that not less than 500,000 feet of boards were cut annually by each saw. This would amount to 12,500,000 feet in a year, which, at seven dollars per thousand, would amount to $175,000. The greater part of this lumber was shipped by the waj' of Bath, and the rivers and bays on the south of the town. The revenue to the government from the duties assessed on the lum - ber in the two towns is said to have been not less than $75,000. A force of about three hundred men was employed in and about the saw- mills. ^ There was also at this time a clapboard manufactory, the machinery for which was invented by Mr. Eobert Eastman, of Brunswick. The machinery-, though simple, was so constructed that it would cut two clapboards in a minute, regulate itself, and cut one hundred and twenty clapboards in an hour, from a block two feet in diameter. About 600,000 could be cut in a season. ^ 1 Putnam, 2 Ibid, COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 561 In 18-25 a number of these mills were destroyed by what is known as the " Great Fire." A double saw-mill, which was erected by Jonathan Page near the ruins of the Great Fire, probably this year, was carried away by a freshet in 1827. lu 1831, Mr. Samuel S. Wing, who had for a year and a half pre- viously manufactured sugar-box shocks for a Boston firm, in a mill owned by Benjamin Weld, Esquire, where the pulp-mill now stands, bought out their interest, and commenced the business on his own account. He continued in the business for twenty-five years, a part of tlie time having three box-machines in operation at the same time. One of these machines was on the lower falls, one on Shad Island, and the other on the upper falls. These three machines manufactured annually upwards of 3,000,000 feet of pine boards. In 1836 there were twenty saws in Brunswick Village, besides mills of other kinds. The same year Eliphalet P. Pike & Co. built a large saw-mill containing four saws, and a clapboard-mill, on Goat Island. The water was brought from the upper dam by means of a flume, and a bridge connected the island with the Brunswick shore. 1'here was additional space suflicient for four to six more saws. This mill was carried off in 1839. A saw-mill was also erected in 1836 near the toll-bridge. In 1848, J. C. Humphreys & Co. erected two steam-mills on a point extending into the river about two miles below the village. I'he machinerj^ of these mills was propelled by two seventeen-inch cylinder engines, which drove one gang-saw, two upright single saws, two shingle, one clapboard, and one lath machine, one machine for making heads for molasses hogsheads, and two machines for making shocks, besides edging, cutting off, and other saws. About 500,000 feet of lumber was manufactured at that time. This com- panj' had a ship-yard adjoining their mills. One of these mills was burned in 1864. In 1857 what was known as the Bourne Mill, in the Cove, was burned. It was built by Abner Bourne early in the present century. In 1856 this mill belonged to R. T. Dunlap, C. J. Gilman, A. B. Thompson, and Ward Coburn. In 1845, Mr. Abizer Jordan had in operation a machine for planing boards. It is supposed to have been the first one in operation in Brunswick. In 1859, Messrs. Samson and Eben Colby, of Topsham, bought the Samuel S. Wing Property in Brunswick, at the end of the bridge, 36 562 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. known as the Perry Privilege, where they carried on the manufacture of sashes, doors, blinds, shingles, clapboards, and lathes, until 1871, wlien the mill was destroj-ed b^' fire. . Mr. Eben Colby then built the mill on the same privilege, now the pulp-mill, and with J. F. Chaney continued the business under the style of Colby & Chaney for a 3'ear and a half, when they sold the mill to the Androscoggin Pulp Com- pany, and then built a large two-story mill in the Cove. In this building Colbj"^, Chainey & Smith manufactured long and short lum- ber, sashes, doors, and blinds vintil 1875, when the mill passed into the hands of Charles H. Colby, who occupies the lower story, and the second story was leased to the Bangs Brothers. The most flourishing time in this vicinity, so far as relates to the lumbering business, was undoubtedly between 1835 and 1845. In 1839 there were thirty saws in Brunswick alone. It has been found impracticable to give all the changes of ownership in mill property which have taken place within this century. Among those who have been prominentlj^ connected with the lumber business in Brunswick, who have-not already been named, maj- be mentioned Paul Hall and Colonel WiUiam Stanwood, who owned the Nye mill in 1800 and sub- sequently ; Captain John Dunlap, who was part owner in a mill on the upper dam in 1800, as well as before and after that date ; A. B. Thompson and J. C. Humphreys, who formed a copartnership and carried on the lumber business in a mill at the Cove, about 1825, and did an extensive business until they dissolved, in 1850. About 1820, Abner Bourne, Richard and David Dunlap, William E. Weld, and Charles Weld were engaged in this business. David Dunlap was, doubtless, the largest mill-owner for many years. In 1829 he owned one saw and a, half on the upper dam and two saws in the Cove. In 1831 he sold one half his whole interest to Ro.dney Forsaith, and they continued in partnership until 1836, when Forsaith bought his remaining interest and kept it until 1845, when the co- partnership of Lemont (Adam), Forsaith (Rodney), & Hall (Wil- liam H.) was made, and continued until about 1858. From about 1830 to 1850, Alfred J- Stone and William H. Morse carried on an extensive business. From 1837 to 1856, Joseph Lunt, 2d, was engaged in this business ; Burt Townsend, from about 1818 to about 1838 ; Phineas Taylor, about 1820 ; and Ward Coburn and Artemas Coburn, somewhat later, were engaged also in this business. There are now but two saw-mills in operation in Brunswick. They are in the Cove and are owned, one by C. H. Colby and the other by Hiram Toothaker and Trueworthy Brown. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 563 BOOMS. I he stringing together of logs across the river, in order to catch the lo( se logs that might escape from rafts, or be floated from the shores, WPS doubtless done in the very earliest period of the lumber business, lint the erection of regular booms and the incorporation of a company for the express purpose of collecting stray logs did not occur until towards the latter part of the last century. These booms were made of wooden piers filled with stone and connected by timbers fastened with irons. Some of the " King's Masts " were put into a boom below the bridge, by Brigadier Thompson. They were afterwards taken out and put into a boom above the bridge, and were some of them still in use as late as March 22, 1856, having stood this service for about seventj' j-ears. The first boom known to have been erected on the river was the Androscoggin Boom, which extended from Ferry Point to Mason's Rock. The proprietors were Samuel Thompson, Esquire, Ezekiel Thompson, Benjamin Thompson, Stephen Purrington, Thomas Thomp- son, James Purrington, James Wilson, Humphrey Thompson, and James Thompson. They were incorporated February 14, 1789.1 Another company was formed March 15, 1805, at which time the General Court of Massachusetts enacted "that Thomas Thompson, William Stanwood, Elijah Hall, Paul Hall, Humphrey Purinton, Cor- nelius Thompson, Trueworthy Kilgore, Francis Tucker, and Johnson Wilson, and their associates, successors, and assigns be, and they are hereby constituted a corporation for making, lajing, and maintaining side-booms in suitable and convenient places in Androscoggin Eiver, from Androscoggin Bridge to the Narrows of said river, in Brunswick and Topsham, so long as they shall continue proprietors of the fund raised, or which may be hereafter raised for that purpose, and shall be a body politic by the name of The Proprietors of Side-Booms in Androscoggin River, and by that name may sue," etc. The company was entitled to receive compensation of the owners of logs and other lumber by them rafted and properlj^ secured for the owner, the fees being regulated by the charter. On February 29, 1812, an additional Act authorized the proprietors of side-booms iu the Androscoggin River to extend side-booms above the lower falls. In 1820 there were six booms above and five below the falls. 1 Massachusetts Special Laws, 1, p. 230. 564 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. On February 27, 1829, it was provided by the legislature that the selectmen of Brunswick and Topsham should annually appoint two surveyors of logs at the several side-booms in the river at 'I'opsham and Brunswick, in order that the logs caught in the booms should be fairl}' surveyed and disputes be prevented between the proprietors and the owners of logs. In October, 1855, three of these booms, said to have cost about $40,000, were carried away by a freshet. There are now no traces of these booms to be seen below the falls. Above the falls can be seen, at low water, the ruins of several stone piers to which the boom-sticks were formerly attached. COTTON AND WOOLLEN FACTOEIES. Coming under the general term of mills are several which are usually designated as factories. Of these some were for the manu- facture of cotton and some of woollen goods. In early times the manufacture of clothing was quite laborious, as there were then no carding-machiues. After the sheep were shorn in the spring the neighbors used to collect for " wool-breaking," as the preparir^ the wool for the spinning-wheel was called, and after the labor was over the time was spent in amusement and social intercourse. ^ The first factory was established bj' the Brunswick Cotton Manu- FACTOEY Company, which was incorporated March 4, 1809. Ezra Smith, William King, and Doctor Porter were among the propri- etors. The company was formed for the manufacture of cotton yarn, which was shipped to other mills to be made into cloth. The mill did not prove a success, and it is said that the stockholders lost all their capital. No cloth was made in this mill.^ The mill was a three-storj', gambrel-roofed, wooden building, and stood close to the river, on the left-hand side of the lane which passes the east end of the present mill. 5 The machinery was put in by Robert Eastman and James Jones. The second miU was that of the Maine Cotton and Woollen Fac- tory Company, which was incorporated in October, 1812. This com- panj^ erected a wooden mill about where the blacksmith shop of the Cabot Company now stands. They also bought the building of the Brunswick Companj^, which they used for a storehouse. Deacon John Perry was the first agent. 1 James Curtis' s Journal, in library of Maine Historical Society, 2 Fieminiscences of Dean Swift. 3 Reminiscences of Dean Swift and Miss Narcissa Stone. COMMERCIAZ HISTOBY OF BRUKSVICK. 565 In 1820 there were 1.248 cotton spindles in full operation, and two hundred and Ibrtj- woollen spindles ; nine woollen looms, and carding and fulling machines in proportion. 100,000 yards of cotton cloth were turned off in a season, ■' and the broadcloths, from full-blooded merinos, do not follow liaud passibus cequis. those of Manchester." About one hundred operatives were emploj'ed at that time.' Both these mills were destroyed in the fire of 1825, the old building being used at the time as a storehouse. Soon after the fire, a mill for carding wool and dressing cloth was established by John Dyer. It was called the Eagle Factoet. It stood on the west side of the Shad Island road, near the end of the present mill. It was removed in 1834 across the road, and is now occupied as a tenement. The Brunswick Company was incorporated in 1834. The corpora- tors were Isaac Lincoln, Joseph McKeen, Eichard T. Dunlap, Abner B. Thompson, Ebenezer Everett, Nathaniel Davis, John C. Ilum- phrey^, David Dunlap,'^oah Hinkley, Elijah P. Pike, Narcissa Stone, Robert P. Dunlap, Thomas Pennell, John Dunning, and James McKeen. They were empowered to manufacture cotton, wool, iron, and steel, and other raw material necessarily connected therewith ; and to erect mills, dams, works, machines, and buildings on their own land. They were afterwards, by an additional Act, authorized to carry on the manufacturing business in the town of Topsham, as well as in Brunswick. According to the by-laws, the stock of the company was divided into shares of one hundred dollars each. The following was the property belonging to the companj- in 1836 : — " 1. A new mill of undressed granite, five stories high, 146 feet long, 45 wide, capable of containing 5,120 spindles of cotton spinning. ' ' 2. Four additional mill-sites of equal extent with the last, two dwelling-houses three stories high, one store, a counting-room, stone picker-house, cotton store, and forging-shop, all completely finished, with convenient land for their use, all situated in Brunswick, and four mill-sites in Topsham. " 3. The whole breadth of the river with the islands and dams, thirteen and a half acres of land in Brunswick and Topsham, and water-power sufficient to cany as many saws and spindles of cotton machinery as there is space to erect the mills." At a meeting of this company, August 10, 1836, the following ofllcers were chosen : — 1 Henry Putnam, Emiinre. printed letters ^ 566 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. William Willis, R. T. Dunlap, H. Goddard, M. Greenwood, and N. F. Deering, directors ; N. ?. Deering, treasurer ; Thomas L. Willis, clerk ; I. A. Beard, agent. ^ The Brunswick Company ran this factorj' until 1840, when they leased it to Mr. Allen Colby, who managed it until March, 1843, when it was sold at auction in Boston, to Whitwell, Seaver, & Co., for $34,400. The original cost was about $190,000. This latter company intrusted the management of it to Messrs. A. P. Kimball and John Dunning Coburn, of Boston, who soon afterwards pur- chased it.^ This firm, after carrying on the business for a few j-ears, failed, and the mill went into other hands. On Juh^ 3, 1847, the Warumbo Manufacturing Company was incorporated. The stock of this company "consisted of mortgages and other claims on the late firm of Kimball & Coburn, which fell into their hands for debts against the said firm, of which the}' expected to realize nothing except through the earnings of the factory, and of other mortgaged property in Brunswick, subject to an amount of prior encumbrances exceeding $40,000." The companj' was organized in the summer of 1848. Who were the directors at that time is not known, but in 1849 they were Abner B. Thompson, John Coburn, Nathaniel Davis, James K. Mills, Thomas Gray, Hollis Thaj^er, and William Perkins. This company carried on business but a few years before it also failed, probably on account of the encumbrances upon its property and the heavy liabili- ties it had to meet. The regulations of this company in regard to its operatives were quite strict. Amongst others was one refusing to emploj' any one " who is habitually absent from public worship on the Sabbath, or who uses profane or indecent language in the mill or else- where, or who uses ardent spirits as a beverage." The Warumbo Company was succeeded by the Cabot Company. This company bought the factory- in 1853, but on account of debt and a number of the stockholders failing to pay their assessments, it was sold at auction in 1857. A number of the former members bought up the stock, and organized a company under the name of The Cabot Manufacturing Company, with a capital of $400,000. In 1857 the company had two hundred and thirtj'-flve looms in operation and had expended $40,000. There were 9,000 spindles at work ; the mill gave emplojment to one hundred and sevent3--five persons, at a total 1 From the Regulator. 2 Reminiscences of Allen Colby. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 567 monthly paj- of $3,000, and it turned out 50,000 yards of plain and drill cotton per week. In 1865 or 1866 an addition of seventy feet was made on the east side and one of fifty feet on the west side, with two wings on the ends. In 1867 the mill had 26,000 spindles. The company owned thirty acres of land on the two sides of the river and seventy-five tenements, and made its own gas, which it also supplied to the town. At the present time (1877) the officers of this com- pany are as follows : president, C. W. Freeland ; treasurer, Francis Cabot ; agent and clerk, Benjamin Greene ; directors, C. W. Free- land, B. W. Gleason, Peter Butler, William Amory, Q. A. Shaw, B. H. Silsbee, John T. Anderson. The capital stock is 1600,000 ; the number of spindles, 85,000; the number of operatives emploj'ed is five hundred and fifty. The buildings of the company are a factory, office; storehouse, store, and one hundred tenements. The Brunswick Woollen Factoet was established by Whitten & Meder in 1841. It was situated a short distance- below the upper dam, and the water was brought to it through a flume. This mill was not only a fulling and carding mill, but cloth was manufactured in it. The business was carried on by this firm until the mill was burned in 1849. Since then it has been carried on in various localities by the late Mr. William Whitten alone, whose business, however, was eon- fined exclusively to wool carding. A Waep Yarn Manupactoet was carried on by Mr. Allen Colby, from 1844 to the latter part of 1846, on the spot where Scribner's flour-mill now stands. A partially successful attempt has been made to utilize the water- power of the Androscoggin away from the vicinity of the river by using it for the purpose of compressing air which could be sent through pipes to the places where needed. For this purpose the CoMPRESSED-ArR CoMPANT was formed, and in 1872 pipes were laid and the air-power was used in Dennison's box factory, at Parent & Dufrend's blacksmith shop, at the depot, in the college laboratory, and at the printing-office of the Brunswick Telegraph. After a trial of one or two years the project was abandoned, owing principallj^ to the action of the railroad company, which decided to use steam in preference to the air-power. This deprived the Compressed- Air Com- pany of its principal source of revenue, and it was obliged to suspend operations. 568 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. OTHER MANUFACTORIES. Bandbox Manufactoet. — From 1850to 1860, Mr. B. G. Denions carried on the manufacture of bandboxes quite extensively, emploj-- ing eight or ten persons. The boxes were made in eight sizes and put up in "nests." Three of these nests were put up in one bundle. They were sold in Boston to wholesale dealers in millinery goods. At that time the bandbox was an indispensable article with the ladies, and the manufacture of them was a profitable business. After the modern improvements in trunks came into vogue, they were less used in travelling, and are now almost unknown. Brick- Yards. — At what time, and where, the earliest brick-yards were, has not been ascertained. There have probably been one or more in operation from an early period of the settlement of the town. The earliest j-ard which has come to our notice was one near Gatch- ell's Mills, owned by Unite Mariner and Barstow Gatchell. This yard was established about the j^ear 1800, and if tradition is correct, it fur- nished the brick for the first college building, Massachusetts Hall. In 1817, and previously, John A. Dunning had a brick-j-ard at the upper carrying-place. In 1830 there was a brick-3^ard at Mair Point. In 1840, and previously, Forsaith & Williston had a yard on Noble Street, near Union Street. In 1855, and subsequently, Owen & McManus carried on the business near the end of the lower railroad bridge. In 1857, J. W. Owen and John A. Cleaveland had a yard at Oak Hill, and Theodore S. McLellan had one on the new Harpswell road, about half a mile below the colleges. The latter j-ard was kept in operation until 1870, when Mr. McLellan established his present j'ard on Federal Street. The business appears to have been the most extensively carried on in 1857, at which time there were three j-ards in operation. The' three together turned out in that year about 700,000 bricks. Cakpet-Making. — In 1829, Mr. Robert Pender, "formerly from, one of the first factories in Scotland, but recently from the Somers- worth Factory," commenced the manufacture of ingrain carpeting, on Bow Street, " from the most fashionable patterns imported." The advertisement from which the above is taken goes on to state that "his machinery is on the most approved model, and figures of any kind can be woven to suit the fancy of his employers. Persons wishing to have carpeting woven, by sending to the factory the yarn well scoured and colored can have the same weight of carpeting returned." COMMERCIAL BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK. 569 It is said by tliose who remember this carpet factory that it proved unsuccessful, and that probablj' not more than one or two carpets were made here, and the experiment was soon abandoned. Clock, Watch, and Jeweley Establishments. — The first manu- facturer of clocks and watches and dealer in jewelry in this vicinity was a Mr. Bisbee, who carried on this business about 1798, and for quite a number of years later. He was a verj* cunning artificer. His shop was on Mill Street, a short distance west of Bow Street. His sign was a carved figure of a horse with a black boy upon it, with a whip in his hands. When the hour was to be announced, the boy would strike the horse and the latter would kick the bell with his heels. It was a curious piece of mechanism. Subsequent to 1802 his shop stood where Andrew Campbell's store now stands, on the corner of Maine and Lincoln Streets. About 1805, Robert Eastman established himself in the clock-making business, with James Cary, Junior, as an apprentice. In 1806, Mr. Eastman took Mr. Cary into the business as partner, under the style of Eastman & Cary. Mrs. J. D. Lamb has in her possession a large standing clock which was made bj' this firm in 1806, the cost of which was eighty dollars. It has never had any repairs made to it excepting new cords for the weights twice, and it is now, as it ever has been, an excellent time- keeper. About 1809, Mr. Eastman sold ont to Mr. Cary, who carried on the business in all its branches for many years. He was an honest, con- scientious workman and trader, and was highly esteemed. In this connection it will not be improper to speak of one of the most important improvements ever made in the manufacture of watches, and to give a brief sketch of the inventor. Aaron L. Dennison, the inventor of macMne-made watche.-<, was born in Freeport in 1812. His father, Andrew Dennison, moved to Topsham in 1818, and to Bnmswick in 1824. Aaron, when quite young, displayed a mechanical turn of mind and much ingenuity in the use of his jack-knife. At an early age he would leave his youth- ful playmates and steal away to the shop of James Cary and ask per- mission to be allowed to help repair clocks and watches. In 1830 he was received into Mr. Cary's shop as an apprentice. After he had served his time he went to Boston, where he soon become conspicuous among the finished mechanicians of that metropolis. It was during the years of his laborious life in Boston that Aaron Dennison evolved a plan for making the works of watches by machin- 570 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND BARPSWELL. erj-, and with such accuracy and uniformity that any given part of one watch should be identical with the same part of every other, or what he called the interchangeable plan. As early as 1840, Mr. Dennison had so fully matured his plan, and was so confident of its practica- bility, that he predicted to a friend ' ' that within twentj' 3-ears the manufacture of watches would be reduced to as perfect a system as the manufacture of fire-arms at the Springfield Armorjr." In 1849, Mr. Dennison, in conjunction with Messrs. Howard & Davis and Samuel Curtis of Boston, established the first watch factorj-, " The Boston Watch Company," at East Eoxbury, Massachusetts. In 1854 the works were moved to Waltham. The Waltham Watch Factory is too well known to need any description here, which would indeed be out of place. The foregoing account, however, of its founder, is due to the master workman of whom he learned his trade and to the town in which his parents and connections have so long lived. Foundries.- — For four or five years, about 1812, Peter O. Alden, Esquire, had an iron foundry in the rear of the lot now (occupied by the new meeting-house of the Free-Will Baptist societj^ on O'Brien Street. The United States government sent disabled cannon to this foundr}', and they were cast into shot, most of which were sent to Port- land for use in the war of 1812-14. In 1827 there was a copper and brass foundry carried on by Paul Powers near the present cotton-mill of the Cabot Company. In 1834, Mr. Powers moved his business to the head of the cove, where he continued for some years. In 1836, G. & H. Earle had an iron foundry, which was situated on the bank of the river, a short distance east of the Shad Island bridge. They were succeeded by Charles J. Noyes. The river-wall of the foundation is still to be seen. In 1844, J. Colbath had a foundry in the rear of the vacant space between Scribner's flour-mill and Purington's machine-shop. G-AS Manufactdrb. — The Brunswick Gas-Light Company was incorporated April 4, 1854. The corporators were Adam Lemont, J. D. Simmons, Rodney Forsaith, Nathaniel T. Palmer, A. J. Stone, A. B. Thompson, William H. Hall, and J. W. Forsaith. The first meeting was held October 4, 1856, at the Tontine Hotel, aad ad- journed from time to time without transacting any business, until the year 1859. At that time the Cabot Manufacturing Company were building gas-works for their own use, and the Brunswick Gas-Light Company made a contract with them to furnish the amount of gas needed. They have continued to furnish it up to the pffesent time. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 571 At the annual meeting in 1859, Benjamin Greene, Benjamin Furbish, John D. Lincoln, Charles J. Gilman, and Samuel R. Jackson were chosen directors. Benjamin Greene was chosen president, sind B. G. Dennison, secretarj-, treasurer, and superintendent. In the fall of 1859, pipes were laid from the factory up Maine Street as far as Pleasant Street. In the summer of 1868 they were extended to the colleges, passing the east side of the Mall. The citizens began using gas January 1, 1860, and the first street-lamp was lighted about 1864. Lime Quarrt. — Robert Jordan built the first Ume-kiln at New Meadows abovit 1800. It is the same one now in use. Its capacity is about one hundred and seventy-five casks. In 1820 there were 1,500 hogsheads of lime manufactured there. The last burnt was used in the construction of Lemont Hall in 1870 or 1871. This kiln has sometimes been run the whole season, from April to December, by Mr. Isaiah Jordan, the present oVner of the quarry. Machine-Shops. — In 1827, and for some years previous, Robert Eastman and Jaquith had a machine-shop next to the bridge, where the pulp-mill is now situated. About the same time Nahum Houghton established a shop where Scribner's flour-mill now is, and continued the business there for some years, as late certainly as 1836. Purington's machine-shop was established in 1872. Match-Factokt. — In about the year 1849 the manufacture of matches and match-boxes was begun in a mill on Shad Island, bj' B. E. Parkhurst, who continued the business until 1854, when the mill was destroj'ed by fire. The matches were sawed at this mill, and were then sent to Boston, where thej' were dipped and prepared for market. Mustard-Mill.— About the year 1830, J. C. Humphreys established what was known as the Maine Mustard-Mill, using for the purpose the upper part of his saw-mill in the Cove. For ten or twelve years he did an extensive business in this branch of industry, and the mus- tard from his mill enjoyed an almost national fame. The mill was burned in 1842, and General Humphrej'S then abandoned the business. Oil-Mill. — In 1 820 a mill was erected near the factory for express- ing linseed oil. It probably existed but for a short time, as some of the older citizens of the town have no remembrance of it. Pail Manufactory. — In 1825, and for three or four years subse- quently, Nahum Houghton and William Chase manufactured water- pails at the end of the toll-bridge, where Scribner's fiour-mill now stands. J. C. Humphreys carried on the same business for a year or two from 1835. 572 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Paper-Box Manufactoeies. — The manufacture of jeweliy boxes , originated in this town by the Dennison familj-. The originator of the enterprise was Aaron L. Dennison, of Boston, and formerly of Brunswick. In 1843 he kept a jewelry store on Washington Street, Boston. At that time a few paper boxes were used to pack nice jew- elry in, but no supply could be had, and the few used were made to order. The idea of manufacturing these boxes in considerable quan- tities occuiTed to Mr. Dennison, and was soon put in practice. The only method then known of making such boxes was by scoi'ing the pasteboard half through with a sharp-pointed knife and a pair of com- mon shears. To profitably make such work in large quantities a more expeditious method was needed, and Mr. Dennison therefore impro- vised two machines to take the place of the ordinary knife and shears. He afterwards invented a machine that would do 'all the work at one time. This machine was patented, and is the standard one in use for all such work at the present time. The business commenced in 1843 b}' Mr. Dennison sending some rude machinery and a small stock of paper, with the necessary instructions, to his father. Colonel Andrew Denni- son, of Brunswick. The business at first employed from three to five persons, but ten years later as many as twentj'-five persons. In 1865, Colonel Dennison sold out to his youngest son, E. W. Dennison, then in the jewelry business in Boston, and the manufacture was then moved to Newton, Massachusetts. In the year 1863 a part of the work was returned to Brunswick and placed under the superintendence of Mrs. M. D. Swift, a sister of E. W. Dennison. In 1867, Mr. Dennison deemed it expedient to make a finer grade of goods than was ever before made, and Brunswick was selected as the best place in which to caiTy on the work. His nephew, B. L. Dennison, was appointed superintendent, and the business was commenced and carried on sepa- rate from any other. Many improvements were made by the new superintendent, the most important of which was the invention of a machine to make cushions for ring-boxes. This fine work depart- ment emploj'ed, at first, about ten hands, and in five j'ears twenty-five hands. In 1872 the Dunlap Block was purchased and enlarged to a sufficient capacity to accommodate one hundred workmen, and the Newton factory was moved to it. In 1875, B. L. Dennison commenced the manufacture of boxes, taking with him, in the business, Mr. C. J. Perkins, of Portland. This firm of Dennison & Perkins gives emploj'ment to twenty-five or thirty persons. The amount paid for labor alone, in this industry, in Brunswick, may be safely estimated as high as $25,000 per year. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 573 The animal number of boxes manufactured is said to average over one hundred gross per day for three hundred daj's in the year, or, in round numbers, 4,500,000 boxes per year. Paper Staining Manufactokt. — About the year 1820, and for several 3-ears subsequently, Mr. William Snowdon carried on the busi- ness of staining, or printing, wall papers, in a building which stood a short distance south of the college grounds. Plough Mandfactoey. — In 1850, Silas Goddard commenced the manufacture of steel and iron ploughs, cultivators, etc., at the God- dard homestead, at the extreme western part of Brunswick. The manufacture has been continued to the present time, and some excel- lent work has been turned out. Pulp Manufactoey. — The Androscoggin Pulp Company was in- corporated in September, 1870, for the manufacture of wood pulp, box boards, and card middles. The stockholders then were : Sam- uel R. Jackson, of Brunswick; S. A. Perkins, F. A. Ilussey, of Topsham ; E. B. Dennison, and C. D. Brown, then of Yarmouth. The capital stock was $6,000. The ofHcers were S. R. Jackson, president, and E. B. Dennison, secretary and treasurer. They com- menced the manufacture of wood pulp in the fall of 1871, in Tops- ham, but removed to the Brunswick side of the river in the fall of 1872. The present capital of the companj' is $60,000. William A. Russell, of Lawrence, Massachusetts, is president, and E. B. Dennison, of Portland, is the secretary and treasurer. From forty to fifty workmen are emploj'ed in the manufacture of wood pulp and wood- pulp boards, both of which are shipped all over the country. There are several mills in different parts of the State, which are operated under a license from this company. Salt Works. — During the war of the Revolution, and down to the close of the war of 1812, salt Was manufactured at the New Mead- ows River. Benjamin Shaw,i of Roxbury, Massachusetts, and John Bakeman,^ of Castine, were engaged in the business at New Meadows , during the Revolution. Soap Factoey. — In 1820 there was a manufactory of soap in the Cove, carried on by Dean Swift, at which 12,000 pounds of hard soap was annually made, and shipped to the West Indies. In 1874, and for a few years previously, Levi F. Andrews had a similar factory in East Brunswick, and L. H. Bryant now carries on the business a short distance from the village, on the road to Bath. 1 History of Gardiner, p. 137. ^ Jlittory of Castine, etc. , p. 199. I 574 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. SusPENDEH Factory. — In September, 1867, Edwin H. Thompson and William H. Stanwood commenced the manufacture of suspenders with metallic springs. The business did not prove sufficiently remu- iierati\'e to be long continued. Tool Manufactories. • — For five or six years, about 1844, Mr. E. Hazen carried on the business of manufacturing hammers, and pro- duced some excellent articles. In 1854, J. P. Storer manufactured ship-joiners' and spar-makers' tools, and in 1856 he added to it the manufacture of planes. Other Industries. — It is not at all probable that all the various branches of industry that have from time to time been carried on in this town have been specified, or that all the parties have been named who have been engaged in those pursuits which have been mentioned. Enough has been given, however, to show that the town will compare favorably, in respect to its trade and manufactures, with other towns of its size in this State. It will, moreover, be seen that, though the loca- tion of Bowdoin College in Brunswick has been, in various waj-s, a great and undoubted benefit to the town, 3'et the statement so often made, that the college supports the town, is untrue. In ante-revolutionary times the principal business here, besides farming and fishing, was the shipping of wood to Boston. A great deal of it went from Bunganock Bay. At one time during that period, a vessel took over ninety cords. The price here was from 3s. 9d. to 4s. 6d. per cord, and it brought in Boston from two dollars to two dollars and fiftj' cents per cord. At that time bark was worth here 9s., and at Boston three dollars. During old colonial times, especially between 1766 and 1776, when the Province of Maine was under the control of the crown officers of JMassachusetts, all trees suitable for masts for the royal navy were, by roj-al decree, held to be the property of the crown, and commissioners were appointed by the king to look after their preservation. This intei'fered seriously with the profits of the settlers, as it was the cus- tom of the commissioners to put the royal mark on all the good timber, leaving only "the poorer stuff for those who in reality, perhaps, had the most equitable right to the best. Asa natural consequence the set- tlers paid comparatively little attention to the royal decree, and cut the wood as thej' pleased. This brought about frequent collisions between them and the officers of the crown. Such was the state of afi'airs in the Province of Maine generally, and it is fairlj- presuma- ble that the citizens of this town and vicinity shared in these troubles, though no mention of such fact has been found. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 575 BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES. In January, 1822, Abner Bourne and others petitioned the legisla- ture for incorporation as a bank. The Act incorporating them was passed, and in 1825 the Union Bank, of Branswick, went into opera- tion. David Dunlap was the first president, and Ebenezer Everett the cashier. The latter served in the same capacity, with great accept- ance, for fourteen years, and was then succeeded by Joseph McKeen, who served until the affairs of the bank were wound up. Mr. Dunlap resigned some time before his decease, in 1843, and was succeeded by Major WiUiam Frost, of Topsham. The Brunswick Bank went into operation August 15, 1836, and the bank building was erected that j'ear. Richard T. Dunlap was the first president, and Moses E. Woodman the cashier. The directors were Richard T. Dunlap, George F. Richardson, Alfred J. Stone, John C. Humphreys, and Gardiner Green. Mr. "Woodman held the office of cashier until 1839, when he resigned in consequence of ill health. He was succeeded by Phineas Barnes, who resigned in 1841, and was succeeded by Augustus C. Robbins. The latter served from November 1, 1841, until December 31, 1850, and was then succeeded by John Rogers, who remained until the closing up of the bank in 1857. The capital stock of this bank was $75,000, fifty per cent being paid at the outset. The Second Union Bank received its charter in July, 1850, and commenced operations Januarj' 1, 1851. Joseph McKeen, Esq., was its president to October 14, 1863, and was succeeded by Adam Lemont, who served until the closing of the bank irr 1865. Augustus C. Robbins was cashier from the opening of the bank to September 9, 1857. He was succeeded by Bartlett Adams, who served until July 1, 1865, at which time the bank was changed to a national bank. The capital stock was, up to May 1, 1858, $100,000. After the latter date it was $50,000. The Maine Bank was incorporated April 22, 1857, and went into operation on the eighteenth of June. Its capital stock p'as $50,000. Samuel R. .Jackson served as president from June 18, 1857, to Decem- ber 9, 1862, and again from October 19, 1863, to December 17, 1863. Nathaniel T. Palmer was president from December 9, 1862, to October 19, 1863. Augustus C. Robbins was cashier from June 18, 1857, to November 1, 1859 ; and Ai Brooks, Jr. from November 1, 1859, to December 17, 1863, at which time the bank ceased to exist as a State banhf. 576 HISTORY OF BRVNUM'ICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The Pejepscot Bank went into operation October 2, 1857, with a capital stock of $75,000, of which one half was paid in. The officers of this bank were Joseph Badger, president ; John Eogers, cashier ; Joseph Badger, William Barron, Alfred Skolfleld, T. S. McLellan, and H. C. Martin, directors. In June, 1865, this bank was changed into a national bank. The capital stock was $50,000. William Harron was the first president of the national bank. He was succeeded in Januarj', 1866, by AVilliam S. Skolfield, who served until 1875, when H. C. Martin was elected to that office. John Rogers, who was cashier of the Pejepscot Rank, continued as cashier of the I'ejepscot National Bank until August, 1871, when he was found to be a defaulter to the bank, and was arrested and sent to the State prison for the crime. In November of the same 3'ear Mr. L. H. Stover was elected cashier, which office he still holds. The First National Bank of Brunswick (formerly the Maine) was organized December 17, 1863, with a capital stock of $50,000, which was increased in 1864 to $75,000, and in 1865 to $100,000. Samuel R. Jackson was president from December 17, 1863, to January 10, 1871, and was then succeeded by Nathaniel T. Palmer, who still retains the office. Ai Brooks, Jr.. was cashier to July 1, 1868, when he was succeeded bj' John P. Winchell, the present incumbent. The Union National Bank (formerly the Second Union Bank) was organized in July, 1865, with a capital stock of $100,000. Adam Lemont served as president till May 22, 1872, when he was succeeded by William Decker, who is the present president of the bank. Bart- lett Adams served as cashier from July, 1865, to May, 1868, when he was succeeded by H. A. Randall, the present incumbent of that office. The Brunswick Savings Institution was incorporated March 20, 1858. The following is a list of its presidents since then: — Amherst Whitmore, elected May 11 , 1858 ; Robert Bowker, elected November 1, 1859 ; John W. Perry, elected May 6, 1862 ; John L. Swift, elected May 5, 1863 ; Benjamin Greene, elected May 7, 1867 ; C. C. Humphreys, elected May 21, 1868; John L. Swift, elected March 4, 1875. The present Board of Trustees are : Henry Carvill, president ; Henry Carvill, Benjamin Greene, A. H. Merryman, Alonzo Day, and John Bishop, trustees ; J. M. Winchell, treasurer. The deposits of the institution in May, 1877, amounted to some over $313,000. The TopsHAM AND Brunswick Twenty-Five Cents Savings SanS COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. hll was organized March 22, 1875. Wildes P. Walker was the first presi- dent, and L. H. Stover, cashier, and both have been continued in office until the present time. The trustees of the bank in 1875 were Eobert Skolfleld, O. B. Merrill, Daniel H. Stone, J. F. Whitnej^ George Barron, E. D. Toothaker, and Wildes P. Walker. The bank is in a prosperous condition. The Brunswick Mutual Marine Insurance Company was formed in 1856. It had a guaranteed fund of $260,000. The officers were : Robert McManus, Abner B. Thompson, George F. Mustard, John C. Humphreys, Rodney Forsaith, Samuel Dunning, Eobert Bowker, Adam Lemont, Clement Skolfleld, Francis T. Purinton, Nehemiah Larrabee, Robert Spear, William S. Skolfleld, James Ross, William Decker, directors ; Adam Lemont, president ; J. W. Forsaith, secre- tary. This company was not successful and was obliged to make three assessments upon its stockholders, one of five per cent, one of ten per cent, and one of nine per cent. In 1865 the affairs of the company were placed in the hands of trustees, Nathan Webb of Portland and C. C. Humphreys of Bruns- wick, by whose order the last assessment was made and the business of the companj' was then wound up. TRADES. Some account will now be given of the regular occupations of the citizens of Brunswick, and of those who were engaged in trade at an early period or who have been particularly prominent in their several avocations. It was intended to give as complete a list of all in each trade as could be obtained, but the size which this work has already attained renders it imperatively necessarj' to omit the names of all now in business and to speak only of the earlier ones. Auctioneers. — The first of whom there is any account was John Lee, who was in this business in 1821. After him, in 1829, was John Coburn. Charles Weld was soon after this engaged in the business for a few j-ears. Longer in the business than any one else was J. W. For- saith, who followed it from about 1837 until 1876. Bakers. — The first baker in town is believed to have been Frederick Trench, who came here from Boston about the year 1792. At first he lived at Maquoit, but afterwards he occupied a small house near the , colleges, where he baked gingerbread and brewed spruce beer, which he sold to the students and allowed them to keep, the accounts. He- 37 578 EISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSEAM, AND IIARPSWELL. is said to have been a most excellent baker, but his qualifications for other business were limited. In some of the earlier lithographs of the college, Trench is shown with his wheelbarrow. In 1802, and for a few years subsequently. Colonel Thomas Esta- brook carried on the business in a building which stood on what is now the road between the meeting-house of the First Parish and the college grounds. About the j'ear 1812, Ezra Drew had a bakery near the top of the hill which leads to the Androscoggin Bridge. He carried on the busi- ness there and elsewhere for ten or a dozen years, the latter portion of the time being in the gambrel-roofed building, still standing on Centre Street. Francis Card had a bakery in 1819, and carried on the business until 1827, when he sold out to William Harmon, who continued the business until about 1845. Barbers. — " Billy " Morrison was, according to tradition, the first barber and hair-cutter in Brunswick. He carried on the business early in this century, but precisely when is not known. Nicholas Juitt was in the business as early as 1827. Among his successors were J. H. Rogers in 1836 ; John Hill, 1836 ; Farrow & Chavrous, 1845 ; Henry Robinson, 1848 ; and J. H. Tebbetts, 1849, and to the present time. Blacksmiths. — Mr. Andrew Dunning, who settled at Maquoit in 1717, was a blacksmith by trade, and undoubtedly pursued that avoca- tion for many years. The next person engaged in this business of whom we have anj^ account was Colonel William Stanwood, whose shop stood on what is now the northwesterly corner of Centre Street, about on the site of the building now (1877) occupied by Larkin Snow, grocer, and J. H. Brackett, tailor. Colonel Stanwood carried on the business for some years previous to 1790. James McFarland, who learned his trade of Colonel Stanwood, took the shop about 1790 and continued the busi- ness until 1797, when he moved away and the shop was torn down. About the same time that McFarland carried on the business Calvin Barstow had a shop, and in 1795 Theodore Stone worked at this trade. Since then the business has been carried on by a large number of persons, among whom may be mentioned Nathan Woodard, about 1809; James Jones, about 1810; Jones & Hunt, in 1825; Daniel Coombs, on Mason Street, for many j'ears previous to 1825 ; Joseph Dustin, about 1820; Barker & Stinchfield on Maine Street, about 1825, said to have been superior workmen ; John Noble, Mill Street, 1825 to 1838; Benjamin French, 1838 and subsequently; Knowlton COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 579 & Merryman, 1845 ; Gross & Owen, 1845 ; William Gross, for many years previous to 1872. In addition to the above, there was, early in tlie present century, though the exact date is not known, a blacksmith shop on the corner of Federal and Water Streets, where the Nehemiah Larrabee house now stands. Trueworthy Murray occupied it at one time, and before him was William Hunt. Boat-Builders. — The only person in Brunswick who is known to have made the building of boats a regular occupation was Wyman Bradburj-. He was engaged in this business about the year 1740. Bookbinders. —The earliest bookbinder in Brunswick of whom there is any record was Benjamin B. Hazeltine, who carried on the Imsiness in 1820. He was also a manufacturer of pocket-books, mili- tary belts, and blank books. He was succeeded by Henrj' K. Adams, who carried on the business until 1828, when he was followed bj* Edward Town, who worked at the trade for about one year. Ben- jamin G. Dennison had a bookbindery from about 1833 until 1855, when he sold out to H. J. L. Stan wood. Boot and Shoe Makers. — Anthony i and William ^ Vincent, one or both, are said to have been engaged in this business prior to 1760. The former is said to have been engaged in it about 1735. No date is given in regard to the business of the latter, but he is said to have pursued it at the fort. Tobias Ham, according to a family tradition, was a shoemaker, as well as tanner, and carried on the business, with his farming and tanning, about the middle of the last centurj-. Joseph Jack worked at the trade about 1802, and Jesse P. Mitchell some years later than that. Ebenezer Nichols had a shop about the year 1800. The number of shoemakers since that time is too great to admit of enumeration. Botchers. — There were, prob3,bl3-, persons engaged in this occupa- tion very earl^' in the settlement of the place, but- the first person known to have made it an exclusive business was Samuel Beal, who carried on quite an extensive business a few j-ears subsequent to 1802. Somewhere about 1820, Jonathan Pollard carried on the business. Ebenezer Swett, who in his advertisements styled himself " Knight of the Cleaver and Professor of Grease," was engaged in the business in 1840, and for many years subsequently. Cabinet-Makers. — The only persons known to have been engaged ■ in this business were Shimuel and William Owen, in 1802 ; John Owen, 1 McZeen, MS. Lecture. ^ Pejepscot Papers. 580 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1804; Henry G. H. Swanton, 1828; J. Nelson, 1830; and Philip Owen, J. F. Titcomb, and J. F. Tappan. Chaie-Makees. — In 1825, Andrew Dewej- carried on the manufac- ture of chairs in a building a few rods south of Elm Street, about where the Brunswick House now stands. In 1845 the same busi- ness was carried on bj" Samuel Owen and son, on Maine Street, a few rods north of Elm Street. Caeeiage-Makees and Wheelweights. — In 1802 and for a num- ber of j'ears previously and subsequently, Timothy Wej-mouth carried on the business of making cart-wheels in a building which stood on the site of the present meeting-house of the First Parish. He is believed to have been the iirst in the business here. Spollett & Johnson were the first in Brunswick to make wagons and carriages, commencing the business about 1820 and continuing for some jears together. In 1830, James SpoUett had a shop alone, and was engaged in the business for some years, and was succeeded by ihis son, Augustus F. Spollett. Others have worked at this trade at .different times, but none so continuously as the Spolletts. Caepentees and Joinees. — There must have been those among the very .early settlers who understood this trade and worked at it as oc- casion required. The earliest reference which has been found to any one who worked exclusively at the trade is to Robert Pearse, who worked on the first meeting-house in 1735. Thomas Neal worked at his trade about the same time, and Robert Smart in 1752. It would be impossible to enumerate all who have worked at this trade since then, but there are two persons, who were particularly prominent in the business in the early part of this century, to whom allusion should be made. Samuel Melcher, 3d, was a superior workman, and built manj- of the better class of buildings during that period, among which may be mentioned the second meeting-house of the First Parish, "which was erected in 1806 on the site of the present edifice ; Massa- chusetts Hall, the old college chapel, Winthrop Hall and Appleton Hall, the houses of Professor Cleaveland, Professor Upham, Professor Nvewman, and that now occupied by Professor Packard. His last work was the present college chapel, which he superintended in the eightieth year of his age, doing the nicer work himself. He also built, in Topsham, the Baptist and Congregationalist meeting-houses, the Doctor Porter house, now Mrs. Susan T. Purinton's, and the Veazie house, now the residence of Mr. Woodburj' B. Purinton. Mr. Anthony C. Raymond was engaged in this business between the years 1816 and 1839, during which time he built a large number COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 581 of public and private buildingis, among which were the Tontine Hotel, the Town Honse, the main bnilrjing of the Cotton Factory, Maine Hall, of Bowdoin College, and four churches, namely, the old Univer- salist Meeting-Honse on Federal Street, the meeting-house on Federal Street now occupied by the Catholics, the Union Meeting-House at Growstown, and the Free-Will Baptist Church in Topsham. CoRDWAiNERS. — The onl^' person engaged in this business whose name has been met with was Joseph Morse. He carried on his busi- ness either just before or during the Revolution. Daguerrean Artists and Photographers. — The first daguerrean artist is believed to have been Charles E. Blake, in 1845. He was succeeded by a Mr. Upton, who carried on the business for several j'ears about 1852. Others in the daguerreotype or photographic busi- ness were H. S. Cook, about 1854 ; J. O. Durgin, 1854 ; G. S. Smiley, 1854; Mansfield & Hall. 1856; and William Pierce, from 1853 to 1875. Dentists. — The first professional dentist to make his appearance in town is thought to have been D. S. Grandin, in 1844. Of course the mere extracting of teeth had been done before that time by individuals who, from sufficient experience, had acquired knowledge and skill enough to warrant them in making it somewhat a specialty. Since then there have been, J. Matthews, about 1845, J. W. Cook, about 1854, and others since. Gunsmiths. — James Cary, Senior, was the first to work at this trade, which he did for some years previous to 1800, and for a short time subsequently. His shop was on the site of Day's Block, about where E. F. Brown's jewelr^^ store is now. P. Powers, about the year 1828, worked at this business. Hat and Cap Makers. — This business was first established here in 1791, by Lemuel Swift. His shop was in a small building, just north of the Eodnej' Forsaith house, on Maine Street. Major Swift continued the business until about 1820, when he died, and Joshua Lufkin, who had learned the trade of him, returned from Bath, and carried on the business for his widow for a time. He afterwards carried it on for himself in the same building. He next occupied the wooden building which stood on the site of the brick store now occu- pied by Barton Jordan. Here he manufactured and sold hats, caps, furs for ladies, sleigh-robes, and skins of various animals. Many of the older inhabitants can remember the stand of hats, wrapped in tissue paper of different colors, which stood at the side of the door to attract the notice of passers-by. Mr. Lufkin made several diflferent 582 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. styles of hats for men and hojs, and sometimes for ladies' wear, military hats for trainers, fancj- caps for students, and tarpaulins for sailors. William P. Fowler was in partnership with Mr. Lufkin, about 1844, for a short time; and with David Dexter and Eichard Holland at other times. Mr. Lufkin continued in the business until about 1848. Mr. Richard Holland also carried on the hat-making business from about 1833 to about 1840. Masons. — The first mason to have a permanent residence in Bruns- wick is said to have been Thomas Pool, who came here from Portland in 1802 to build the first college building (Massachusetts Hall). He remained in town and worked at his trade for many years thereafter. A short time after Pool came here another mason, named Chase "Wig- gin, established himself in the business. The number of those who have worked at the trade since then is quite large. Marble Workers. — In 1844, Eichard Adams carried on the busi- ness of making gravestones and doing other work in marble. He was succeeded bj' his son Francis, now a well-known lawyer in Bath. Edward Melcher, now of Bath, and others have worked at this trade since then. Nail- Maker. — About the year 1795 a man named Eichardson had a shop on the site of the store now occupied by Barton Jordan, a few doors south of Centre Street, where he made shingle and clapboard nails from iron hoops taken from rum-barrels ; and as rum-barrels were then ver}' plenty, he had no difficulty in obtaining hoops sufficient for his purpose. He continued the business for about a year, when he was obliged to abandon it in consequence of the bursting of a cannon, which he fired at a muster in 1796, by which he lost an arm. It is worthy of note that the gun which exploded was one which had for- merlj' been used in Fort George. ^ Painters. — Until after the Revolution there were no painted houses in Brunswick, and consequentl}- there were none who made painting an occupation until after that time. Jack Eobertson, an Englishman, established himself here about the j'ear 1800. and is said to have been the first painter in town. The number of those in the business since then is quite large. Mr. Dean Swift was undoubtedly in the business for a longer period than any one else, having begun in 1818. Sign-painting was his specialty, and in that branch of the business he excelled. He painted for Jackson & May, in 1818, the first gilt sign ever painted in Bruns- 1 Reminiscences of Dean Swift. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 583 wick ; the lettering was done in German text. Mr. Swift did his last job of sign-painting in 1872.1 PoTTEKS. — J. Barker, 2d, is the only person known to have had a potters- ill Brunswick. He was in the business about 1823 and sub- sequentl}'. Saddlers and Harness-Makers. — The first person known to have carried on this business in Brunswick was a Mr. Brooks, who came here from Vermont, and who was engaged in it in 1802, and probably for some years previous and subsequent to that time. After him were Stephen Lee, about 1808, and John Lee, his son, who succeeded his father; Edward Ryonson, 1827 to 1858; Prince Dinsmore, in 1829 ; and others. Stable -Keepers. — From a very early date innkeepers were accus- tomed to putting up the horses of their guests, but no one is known to have made it a business to keep horses to let until about the year 1808, when a man, whose name is forgotten by our informant, opened a livery stable on Maine Street, a few rods south of Mill Street. After a few years Stephen Lee bought the stable and continued the business for some time. In 1820, John Beals opened a livery stable on the hill opposite the tavern. After him were Nathaniel Springer in 1824, and subsequently ; Wyatt & Mitchell in 1836 ; Eobert Bowker and others at a later date. Tailors. — The only tailors living here in the last century, whose names have come down to us, were Mr. John Miller, who worked at the houses of his customers about 1765, a Mr. Robinson, anJ a Mr. Hammond. Where the shops of the latter were and when thej'' were in business has not been ascertained. From about 1792 to about 1800 a man named Manning worked at this trade in a building on Mason Street. Mr. Caleb Gushing was engaged in this business from about 1796 to 1830, at which time he sold out his tailoring business to his son, Louis T. Gushing, who had for five years previous been in partnership with his father, and who continued it until his death in 1838. In 1825, and for some 3'ears after, Lawrence Joyce carried on the business. Benjamin Mason had a tailoring establishment here from before 1820 to 183.0 or later. John L. Swift, John W Perry, Joseph Hinkley, J. H. Nichols, and others were in the business at a later period. Tanners. — The earliest tanner of whom we have any account was Tobias Ham, who had a tan-yard at New Meadows, near "Ham's Hill," in 1747 and subsequently. His tan-pits were in the low lands 1 Bin death occurred while this chapter was passing through the press. 584 msTOBT OF bsvnswick, tofsham, and harpswell. of the field east of the present residence of Mr. Cjtus Peterson. Jeremiah Moulton had a tannery in 1802, and at the same time a Mr. Heath had one in what is now the garden of Mr. Robert Bowker. About 1810 the late Adam Lemont carried on the tannery at the latter place. He was succeeded by James Green, who was in turn succeeded by Samuel Moulton. In 1820, Charles Pollard bought Moulton out, and continued the business for some years. Tobacco Manufactokt. — About the year 1800, Doctor Charles Coffin carried on the business of making tobacco into "figs" and " pigtails," in a building which stood on the lot now occupied by the residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene, on the corner of O'Brien Street. He carried on the business for about three j-ears. He did not him- self work at the business, but employed men to work for him.i Weighers of Hat, etc. — Previous to the year 1816, hay had not been weighed in Brunswick. It was the custom to guess at the weight by the size of the load, and when the seller and the buyer could not agree upon the quantity, they called upon their neighbors to act as referees. In 1816, Eussell Stoddard erected the first scales in Brunswick at a point about opposite Green Street, in what is now the Mall. These scales were similar in construction and appearance to those described further on as in use at Topsham. Of late years there have been quite a number of scales in different parts of the village. Stoke-Keepers. — In the following account of the traders of Bruns- wick, mention is made of those only who were in business at an early period, or who were particularly prominent as traders at a later date. All of the early stores were what were termed variety stores, con- taining a general assortment of dry and fancy goods, boots and shoes, groceries, liquors, china, glass, earthen, and hard ware, stationery, etc. In 1715 there was a storehouse connected with Fort George, for depositing goods, and it is probable that the settlers were supplied from it with such articles as their immediate necessities required. Mr. Woodside likewise had a building, a few years later, at Maquoit in which he traded. ^ Samuel Standwood and Samuel Moody were licensed retailers prior to 1758. Those early stores were not kept open constantly, but were only opened when customers came to purchase anything. As early as 1780 old Esquire John Dunlap sold West India goods ^ Seminiscences of Deaniiwift. ' ^ McKeen, MS. Lecture. COMMERCTAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 585 In a building which stood in what is now the yard in front of the office of the late Dr. Lincoln. It is related that there was an unfinished attic over the store, into which a small scuttle-hole opened from the store below. Esquire Dunlap had no monej'-drawer, and was accus- tomed to throw pieces of coin received from customers up through the hole into the attic. That was all the safe the times demanded. Previous to 1800, Benjamin Stone kept store in a building near the northerl3' corner of Maine and Mill Streets. In 1798, Veazie & Stone kept store on what is now the northerly corner of Maine and Dunlap Streets, in a building which was owned by Captain John Dunlap. The building was burned that year, but was soon rebuilt and is now standing. The chimney is the original chimney. In 1802, Robert D. Dunning and Josiah Noyes traded in the same store after it was rebuilt. John Schwartkins, a native of Holland, kept a store in an old building which stood on the site of the present McLellan Block, between the years 1796 and 1822. John Peterson kept a store at New Meadows previous to the j-ear 1800. The building is still standing, but in a diiapitated condition. Doctor Charles Coffin had a store on Maine Street in 1800, and for some seven or eight years later. It was on the corner of O'Brien Street, on the site of the resi- dence of Benjamin Greene. He was a physician, but did not practise, but kept a small stock of medicines. In 1802, Colonel William Stanwood, Richard Tappan, John Perry, Charles Ej-an, and a few others had stores. Mr. Perry continued in trade until about 1830. Daniel and Jotham Stone each had a store as early as 1802. Daniel's first store was in a building which stood about where the foot of the Mall is now. Subsequentlj' he erected the building still standing on Maine Street, on the edge of the cove, about ojjposite the factor}' store, and which is now painted green. There he traded for manj- years. Jotham Stone's store was on Maine Street, on the southerly corner of Mill. Street. Here he kept until 1820, or later, doing a large amount of business. His store was considered the best in town. In 1803, Henry and Frederick Quimby erected a large building where the Tontine now stands, and they kept a store there until about the year 1818. Nathaniel Poor began trading here about 1808, and continued for many years, a part of the time being in partnership with John Coburn. David Dunlap, on the corner of Maine and Dunlap Streets, and his brother, Richard 1". Dunlap, on the corner of Bank Street, where 586 HISTORY OF BIWNSWIGK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Smith's billiard-room now is, were prominent traders for many years subsequent to 1812. Joseph and John McKeen began about the same time, and were in trade for a long series of years. Joseph was on the corner of Maine and Cleaveland Streets, where is now the store of Charles Townsend ; and John was on the corner of Maine and Noble Streets, where is now the residence of Doctor Asher Ellis. Nathaniel Badger was in trade in 1813, and for many years subse- quently. At first his store was in a building which stood on the site of the present store of Mr. Barton Jordan ; later he occupied a build- ing on the southern corner of Centre Street, where the store of Mr. A. Gr. Poland now is, and at one time in a building on Pleasant Street, about where the Methodist Church is. He had a good trade. From 1816 to 1820, and perhaps a little later, L. T. Jackson and Charles May, under the style of Jackson & May, kept a store in the building on Maine Street which is now the residence of Mr. B. G-. Dennison. About 1818, Ezra Drew kept a store on Maine Street, in a building on the side of the cove, a few rods south of the Daniel Stone store. He remained in trade only a few years. In 1818, Eph- raim Brown and J. C. Humphreys formed a copartnership, and kept a store for a number of years on the southern corner of Mill and Maine Streets. In 1820 there were at least thirteen stores. Among those in trade that year, who have not already been named, were Waterhouse & West, who were in trade together and singly until about 1828. Jere O'Brien kept store in 1820, and for a few j-ears subsequently. Stone & Morse did a good business between 1820 and 1836. James H. Mills had a store in the old Stanwood Building on the north corner of Maine and Centre Streets, from 1820 to 1830. Eoger Merrill was in trnde in 1820 and for a few years subsequently on the corner of Maine and Mill Streets. Abner Bourne, in 1820 and subsequently, kept where, is now the store of Barton Jordan. A. B. Thompson and A. B. Thompson & Co. in 1820, and for six or eight years, was on the east side of Maine Street on the side of the cove. Joseph Demeritt in 1820, and subsequently Demeritt & Stone, until about 1830. Ethan Earle, on the north cor- ner of Mill Street, in 1820 to 1836, did a large business. Noah Hinkley from 1820 to 1829, on the northern corner of Maine and Mason Streets, where Day's Block now stands, had a large stock and did a good business. Jacob Johnson, from 1820 to 1836, or a few j'cars later, was on the northern corner of Centre Street. In 1824, John Coburn kept store in Hinkley's Block. In 1825, Jesse COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 587 Pierce, and Dunning & Parshley (Nathaniel Dunning and Ebenezer Parshlej-) were in trade. At a later date these two last-named ti'adevs were alone or with other partners. They both traded for some years. In 1828, Caleb Gushing and his son, Francis D. Gushing, opened a variety store in a building on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets, where Lemont Block now stands. The building had been erected by Mr. Caleb Gushing about four years previously. The firm of Gushing & Co. continued the business until 1835, when Francis died, and Mr. Caleb Gushing thereafter conducted the business alone until his death in 1838, when the store passed into the hands of his youngest son, John S. Gushing, who occupied it until it was destroyed by fire in 1849. For nine years previous to taking his father's store, the latter' had been in trade at the lower part of the town. For many years previous to the establishment of this store, Mr. Caleb Gushing had carried on the tailoring business in a building a few doors noith of Pleasant Street, about where is now the store of G-. B. Tenney. Thus for more than fifty years did he or his sons do business at or near the corner, and, until within a few years, the locality was known as Gushing's Corner. Among those in trade subsequent to 1830 should be mentioned George Earle, 1830 to about 1844 ; WiUiam S. Murray, 1836 and sub- sequently ; Isaac Center, 1845 to 1859 ; Samuel Webb, 1840 to 1870. The foregoing list embraces only a small portion of those who were in general trade during the first half of this century. In addition to the foregoing, mention should be made of those who have been engaged in special branches of trade. The first Apothecary in Brunswick was George W. Holden, 1820 to 1832. After him was Henry M. Prescott, 1832 to 1840 ; and others. Of all who have been in this business in Brunswick, Doctor William Baker was engaged in it the longest, from 1836 to his death in 1867, a period of thirtj^-one years. The first Bookstore in Brunswick was established by the late Joseph Griflfln in 1822, and he continued in the business until his death in 1874 Among others in the business were Nathaniel Davis, from 1825 to 1866, and William Johnson, from 1845 to about 1860. The first person to deal exclusively in Boots and Shoes in Bruns- wick was a Mr. Nichols, who kept a shoe store on Mill Street in 1823, and for a few years later. Of his successors Mr. Lorenzo Day was doubtless engaged in the business longer than any other. The first person to deal exclusively in Dry Goods was Mr. Daniel Elliot, who has been in the business from 1838 to the present time. 588 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. The late Alexander F. Boardman was in tlie business from 1840 until his death in 1876. Prominent among others in the business since 1840, and who are not now in trade, were Gould Jewell & Co., Henry Carville, and James G. Collins. The first Fdenitdre Store was established about 1845 by Eobert L. Dodge, who subsequently sold out to Harvey Stetson. The first person who engaged in the Millinery business in Bruns- wick is thought to have been a Mrs Moody, who had a shop as early as 1820, and perhaps earlier. In 1820, Mrs. L. T., Jackson advertised that she carried on the straw manufacturing business in all its varie- ties, and that old bonnets could be made over. After her was Miss Mary Humphreys and a Mrs. Whitmore. From 1821 to about 1827, Miss Eliza Nichols had a millinery establishment, and Miss M. Nichols in 1833 or thereabouts. About the year 182.5, Miss Dorothy Giddings and her sister, Mrs. Boardman, came to Bninswiek, and opened a millinery store in a wooden building which stood on the north corner of Maine and Green Streets. Here thej' remained for at least five j-ears, and then removed to a building which stood where the Mason Street Church now stands. Subsequently Mrs. Boardman moved into Dunlap Block, in the store now occupied hy B. G. Dennison, where she continued for many years in the millinerj' and dress-making business, adding to her stock a large varietj'of dry goods. At the same time Miss Giddings, "Dolly" Gid- dings as she was called, traded in an old building which stood on the corner of Maine and O'Brien Streets, where is now the residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene. Here she traded until her death in 1870. Her stock was alwaj^s large and of superior qualitj^ and comprised not only millinery goods, but almost every conceivable article of feminine apparel. Her counters and shelves were piled promiscuously with all sorts of articles and apparently in the greatest disorder, yet she could always quickly find &nj desired article, no matter how deeply it might be covered with other things. After her death the goods were sold at auction, and many were the articles of ancient costume which were brought to light and sold for a small sum, which once would have cost much and could have been purchased only by the more wealthy citi- zens. Of those at a later date Miss Harriet N. Houghton, about 1854, and Mrs. B. G. Dennison, 1838 to 1866, should be specially mentioned. The first Tin Shop of which there is any record was that kept by G. W. Coflfin, opposite the colleges, in 1821. After him were William Prescott, H. M. Prescott, Horace P. Hubbard, and others. Of all COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 589 who have been in this business in Brunswick, Mr. Benjamin Furbish is justl}' entitled to the first rank, he having been engaged in it from 1835 to 186G, a period of thirtj'-one years. His business was, at fli'st, that of the manufacture of tinware, to which was afterward added the sale of stoves, hardware, agricultural implements, crockery, and glassware. He was the inventor and manufacturer of one of the first cooking-stoves made in the country. He was the first person in Brunswick to keep a general assortment of hardware. PEICES. An account of the various trades and occupations of the settlers having been given, it will be appropriate here to mention the prices which have prevailed, from time to time, of the necessaries of life and the wages paid for labor. The earliest mention of the price of live stock is in 1635. At this time the current price for good oxen, in New England, was £25 each, for the best. It is not probable that any were owned here at that time. The following inventory of the Pejepscot proprietors'' stock at Brunswick, their list of goods for sale, and the cost of. the provision made for their cattle in 1715, will serve to show not only the cost, but the character of the articles in town at that date. Where more than one article of the same kind is given, the reader can make his own calculation as to the price of each. The lime which stands at the head of the list was sold in hogsheads containing one hundred pounds, and the price was twenty-one shillings per hogshead, probably exclusive of the barrel. The following is the list of the Stock at Brunswick : — i 40 hh^f of Stone Lime 2 Yoke of Oxen 1 Cart horse Cart, Collars & tackling . 2 Cows with Calf . 4 Swine 1 Canoe & 2 boat oars James Irish our Serv't man Books of Accts & Records 1 Plow 20/ Timber chain 28/ Silvanus Davis' Land of Nelson 15 Axes 2 Iron Crows . £50 4 4 29 7 5 8 12 9 7 2 5 10 9 1 6 1 2 6 2 8 40 4 1 6 1 5 ^ Pejepscot Records, 590 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. 6 hoes 25/ 6 Hatchets 31/ 3 Spades 22/6 : 3 Shovels 12/ i mauls 10/ 1 fork &c 10/ 1 Grindstone 6/ Rope 30 2 Compasses 1 peck & i peck Cakgo for sale by proprietors at Brunswick, 1715 : — ' £2 6 1 U 6 1 1 16 8 3 £178 13 Smiths tools, as per bill . £9 13 6 Carpenters tools ... 8 6 6 1 Tierce Rum . . . 10 12 1 bhl Molasses . . ... 3 16 7 1 Tierce Sugar 10 6 4 4 Jackets & Breeches 4 1 Watchcoat 1 5 1 bb : of roU'd Tobacco 3 18 9 2, 1, 12 of Iron at 40/ . . 4 14 10 10 cheeses . 2 18 6 2 bbs of salt 1 16 6 1 doz yarn hose 1 6 6 mill'd caps 1 1 2 gro. short pipes . . ... 8 lO" hard soap • 6 8 £64 10 2 Peg VISION foe Cattle & Keeping this winter (1715-16) : — 3 8 Bundles screwed hay . .... £20 6 4 load of salt hay . . . 4 20 bushells oats . . . . . . 2 3 4 Keeping hogs in Town . . . . . 10 1 hh? Indian Corn . . . 3 8 3 1 hhd of Oats . . .... 1 8 9 2 bush. Corn & Bag ... ... .0 11 Getting Cattle on board . . 6 Water hhWICK. 643 chestnut, to correspond with the newly arranged pews, which were also made of chestnut and without doors. The aisles were carpeted, the ceiling was frescoed, and gas fixtures were put in. Free-Will Baptist Meeting-Houses. —The first Free-Will Baptist Meeting-House was erected in 1810. It was a small, one-story build- ing, and stood quite near the Freeport line. What became of this building is not known. The society worshipping in it afterwards, in 1827, united with the Universalists and CongregationaHsts in building the Union Meeting-IIouse at Growstown. The Village Church of the Free-Will Baptists, on O'Brien Street, was erected in 1876, the society having previously worshipped in Lemont Hall. The Uniox Meeting-House at Growstovtn was erected in 1827. This house was built jointly by the Free-Will Baptists, the Cougrega- tionalists, and the Universalists. Reverend Sylvanus Cobb, a Uuiver- salist, preached the first sermon in it. It is still used hj the Free-Will Baptists, and although it was built for a Union meeting-house, they have from the first had control of it for the greater part of the time. Universalist Meetixq-Houses — The first church edifice erected by the Universalists was situated on Federal Street, opposite the present High-School building, on the lot now owned hy the Unitarians. It was built in 1828, and cost about seven hundred dollars, which in those days was quite a sum of money. Mr. Anthony C. Raymond built the house, chiefl3- at his own expense. When completed he sold pews to fifteen persons, and subsequently a few more pews were disposed of, but he was alwa3-s the principal owner. The house was dedicated November 24, 1829. In 1847 or 1848 the building was sold to the Maquoit Baptist Society, and it was removed to the junction of the old Harpswell and Mair Point roads, where it received the name of the Forest Church. In 1875 it was sold to the Grangers, moved back to the village, and placed at the corner of Union Street and Gilman Avenue, where it is used as a hall. The second church building erected by the Universalists was what is now known as the Mason Street Church. It was built in 1846, the basement of the building and the land being the exclusive property of Mr. John L. Swift. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev- erend E. G. Brooks, of Bath (now Reverend Doctor Brooks of the Church of the Messiah, Philadelphia). The praj^er of consecration was offered by Reverend George Bates, of Turner, recently deceased. Other parts of the services were performed by Reverend Giles Bailey, 644 mSTORY OF BHUNSWIGK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. the pastor, by Eeverend Seth Stetson, and by Eeverend W. C. George. The town clock and bell on this building were purchased chiefly by subscription, bj- citizens of Brunswick and Topsham, in 1847, the town of Brunswick appropriating, however, the sum of two hundred dollars toward the purcliase of the clock. Colonel Andrew Dennison was the most prominently connected with the movement, and the sub- ject was started by him. He transacted the business, and the bills were made in his name as agent for the town. A bell weighing 1,700 pounds was purchased of Henry N. Hooper & Co., of Boston, but it was unsatisfactorjr in tone and was returned. Another bell was then purchased of George H. Holbrook, East Medwaj^, Massachusetts, weighing 1,794 pounds, and costing $479.57. The same bell is now in use. The clock was purchased of Howard & Davis, Boston. It cost, including dial, hands, etc., and expenses of freight and putting up, $340.30. Methodist Chubch. • — -The Methodist Church on Pleasant Street is the only one ever erected hy that denomination in Brunswick. It was built in 1866. The society had previously worshipped in the building on Federal Street which the}- bought of the Baptists. The new edifice on Pleasant Street was begun in the spring of 1866 and was completed in December of the same year. It cost with the lot $9,000 ; nearlj' the whole amount was raised by voluntary subscrip- tion and by the sale of pews. There was, however, a debt of about $1,000, which was finallj^ paid in the j^ear 1872. On December 5, 1866, the chapel was dedicated with the following services : — Invocation, by Reverend E. A. Helmershausen ; address, by Rever- end J. Colbj' ; hj'mn (964th), by Reverend L. D. Wardwell ; prayer, by Eeverend D. B. Randall ; reading of Scriptures, by Reverend C. C. Cone; hymn (968th), b}^ Eeverend Mark Trafton ; sermon, by the same, followed hy an offertorj^, psalm of consecration, presentation, declaration, ])rayer of consecration, anthem, doxology, and benediction. In 1875 the church was thoroughly repaired, some marked improve- ments made, and the lot inclosed with a handsome and durable fence. The cost of these repairs and improvements was about six hundred and fifty dollars, which was promptly paid. St. Paul's Chukch, Episcopal. — This church was erected in 1844 and 1845, from plans furnished by Richard Upjohn, architect, of New York. The cost of the building and land was about $4,000, most of which was contributed by friends in Rhode Island, New York, and Philadelphia. It was consecrated according to the use and liturgy of FOKTS, G'ARRISO.VS, CHUJiCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. G45 the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, on Friday, July 11, 1845. The deed of donation was read by Keverend Thomas F. Fales, rector of the parish, and the sentence of consecration, by Reverend Hobert B. Hall, of the Diocese of Rhode Island. Morning prayer was conducted by Reverend Messrs. James Pratt, of Portland, and Alexander Burgess, of Augusta. The rector read the ante-commun- ion service, assisted by Reverend R. B. Hall, who read the epistle, and Reverend Francis Peck, of the Diocese of Maryland, who read the gospel. The consecration sermon was preached by Bishop Plen- ■ shaw, of Rhode Island. Various changes have been made in the church. In 1858 the present arched ceiling was put in, under the open-timbered roof, to improve the acoustic properties of the building. Changes were made in the chancel furniture, but the most noticeable improvements were made by Reverend Mr. Taylor, in August, 1873, which have made the church so beautiful. The memorial window to Bishop Burgess was placed in the chancel in 1868, and that to Reverend Doctor Bal- lard in November, 1871. OTHER BUILDINGS. A description of the dwellings occupied by Thomas Purchase, Stev- ens, and others, among the very early settlers, would be interesting, but there is no record or tradition concerning them. The following account of ^ Frontier Home, copied from Sewall's " Ancient Domin- ions of Maine," will pi'obably give as good an idea of those ancient habitations as can now be obtained from any source : — "A simple structure of logs was reared from the buts of the an- cient trees, fallen by the pioneer axe on the spot where they were cut down for a clearing. The walls of a rectangular structure thus built were covered with bark or thatch. The enclosed earth was excavated for a cellar, which was unwalled. The excavation was then planked over with riven logs of pine, and a trap-door in the centre of the floor- ing let you into the bowels of the primitive structure, consisting of a single room below and a garret above, to which a ladder led the ascent. In one corner of the log-walled room, a large fireplace opened its cav- ernous depths. The back and one side was built of stone, while a wooden post set the opposite jamb, supporting a horizontal beam for a mantel-piece. Through the bark, thatch, or slab roof, or outside and up the back wall of the building, was reared a bob-work of cleft wood, whose interstices were filled with mortar-clay, which, in place of 646 HISTORY OF BUUtfSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. brick and mortar, was called ' eat and clay.' On the hearth, usuallj' a flat stone, an ample store of wood was heaped, which was felled at the door, while the capacious fireplace, glowing with light and heat from the blazing hearth-pile, not only illumined the whole interior, but afforded a snug corner for the indiscriminate stowage of a bevy of little ones.'' Allusions to other buildings which are not now in existence, but the location of which is a matter of interest, will be found in other con- nections. What follows relates only to such buildings as are known to have been built in the last century or in the early part of this century', and which are still in existence, either in whole or in part. Pi'obably the oldest house now standing in town is what is known as the RoBEKT Thompson House. It is on the south side of the road to Harding's Station, and is the first house to the east after passing Cook's Corner. It was erected hy Cornelius Thompson, and has lieen owned in the Thompson family until 1869. Cornelius Thompson owned the lot in 1738-9, and his first child was born in 1741. If, as is probable, the house was erected previously to the birth of this child, the house is not less than one hundred and thirty-six years old. The chimney to this house is about four feet square at the top. The bricks are laid in clay. The flooring boards are sixteen to eigh- FOKTS, GAltSISONS, CHURCHES, ETC, IN BRUNSWICK. 647 teen inches wide, and are treenailed instead of nailed. The west room, or parlor, is panelled on the sides and ends up to the windows, and is plastered above. The sides of the building on the north and east are bricked between the studs as high as the ceiling of the lower story. This was done for warmth. In the corner of the parlor is a buffet with shelves, etc., elaboratelj^ moulded by hand. The frame of the house is of massive timber. The door-hinges are of wrought-iron, large, clumsy, and of curious construction. The house faces the south. The present road north of the house was not in existence when the house was built. The occupants had a private road from the house leading southeasterly to the New Mead- ows River road, which was only a short distance off. The next oldest house in town is the Hinklet House, now owned and occupied by Chapin Weston. It is just north of the railroad, near Harding's Station. It was occupied by Doctor Dunken as early as 1775, and probably about 1770, as this latter was the date of his marriage. It was occupied, before Dunken had it, by Gideon Hink- ley. Hinkley's first child was born in 1758, and his last one in 1770. If the house was built by Hinkley, it was probably erected about 1756 or. 1757, and on that supposition would now be one hundred and twenty years old. It may, however, have been built before Hinkley's time, as Thomas Westbrook owned the lot in 1737 ; and if the house was built by the latter, it would be nearly one hundred and forty years old, which would make it an older house than the Robert Thompson house just described. Jacob Weston, grandfather of Chapin, bought this house in 1783 or 1784, and it has remained in the Weston family ever since. It is similar in appearance and in construction to the Thompson house, and it does not therefore require a more particular description. The house now occupied bj^ Deacon James Smith, at New Meadows, was built by Samuel Melcher prior to 1768. The house once owned and occupied by Nathaniel Larrabee, and which was built somewhere about the time of the Revolution, is still in existence, and is owned by Grows & Bowker and used as a store- house. It is at New Meadows. The dwelling-house now occupied by the family of the late Doctor John D. Lincoln is the oldest in the village. It was built in 1772 by Captain John Dunlap, who lived in it until the year 1800. During its occupation by Captain Dunlap it was a public house, and at one time Talleyrand was a guest in it. Between 1800 and 1806 it was occupied by Captain Richard Tappan. From 1806 to 1820, Henry Putnam, 648 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, ASD HARPSWELL. Esquire, lived in it. At the latter date it passed into the hands of Doctor Isaac Lincoln (whose wife was a daughter of Captain Dunlap) , and from him it descended to his son, its late owner. There was a store in the yard south of the house, which was afterwards moved across the street, and is now occupied by Mrs. GriflBn as a millinery store. What' is now tlie town Poorhouse was built about 1775 by Thomas Thompson, a cousin of the brigadier, so that it is now over one hun- dred years old.^ The residence of Mrs. Joseph McKeen, on McKeen Street, was built in 1776, or soon after, by Samuel Stanwood, who occupied it until 1804, when he sold it to President McKeen. It was occupied by the latter from 1807 until his death, and has been occupied by the family of the late Joseph McKeen, Esquire, since that time. The building now occupied as an office by the Eastern Express Com- pany was built in the latter part of the last century and was once used as a tobacco manufactory by CoiBn & Thurston. It then stood near the corner of O'Brien Street, where is now the residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene. It was afterwards removed by Daniel Stone and used as a store. The date of its erection and by whom it was built are not known. The building now standing on the northwest corner of Centre Street, occupied in the lower part by John II. Brackett, tailor, and by Larkin Snow, grocer, and the upper story of which is used as a tene- ment, was built with one stoiy in 1797 by Colonel William Stanwood. In 1804 he added another story to it and fitted it up as a law office for his son, David Stanwood, Esquire. The lower part was used for a store. This building stands within a few feet of the spot where McFarland's blacksmith shop once stood. The latter was torn down in 1797 and Stanwood's shop erected in its place. The house now occupied by Mr. R. T. D. Melcher, on Maine Street, was built in 1798 by Mr. Shimuel Owen, and afterwards was sold to Mrs. Greenleaf, and was subsequently sold to the present occupant. The next house north of the above, which formerly stood very near to it, was built by Shimuel Owen, and was occupied by him until he built the Melcher house. Colonel Estabrook lived in this house in 1802. Mr. Owen at length sold it to a Mr. Read, a brother-in-law of his wife. It was afterwards sold to Captain Samuel Dunlaji. His " Dean Swift. FOSTS, GASmSONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 649 widow married Reverend George Lamb, whom slie survived. Slie still owns and occupies the property. The house of Caleb Cushing, now owned and occupied by James Alexander, on Maine Street, was built in 1799. A portion of the residence of Mr. William Pierce, on Lincoln Street, is quite old. It belonged to a house which was originally hauled from Fish-House Hill by a tailor named Robinson. In 1801 Robert Orr, Esquire, had an office in it. It was afterwards owned and occupied by Doctor Charles Coffin, who sold it to Captain Thomas Growse, and he, in 1810, sold it to Mr. Ebeuezer Nichols. Kichols kept it as a public house for a few years, and his widow afterwards occupied it. After she left it the building was occupied as a private dwelling until 1838, when it was purchased by Mr. L. T. Jackson, was taken down, and rebuilt as a part of Mr. Pierce's house. The white cottage between Doctor Palmer's and Mr. Benjamin Dennison's, on Maine Street, was built and occupied previous to 1802 by Mr. Aaron Melcher. It was afterwards owned by Isaac Gates, a lawj-er, and was sold by him to Major Rowe, a Revolutionary soldier, who still later sold it to Mr. L. T. Jackson, \)y whose heirs it is still owned. The present residence of the Honorable Charles J. Gilman was built by Captain John Dunlap in 1800, and it was for many years one of the finest residences in town. It is still a handsome abode. The small dwelling-house in Mr. Gilman's yard was built previous to 1800, and was occupied for some j-ears by a watch-maker named Bisbee, whose shop stood nearly opposite. The house erected bj' John Dunning, a few years later, is the one still standing on the corner of Union and Pleasant Streets, and is now known as the Samuel Jackson house. What is now the back portion of Mr. S. S. Wing's house, on O'Brien Street, once belonged to old Timothy Weymouth, a wheel- wrio'ht, and a very eccentric man, who lived in it about 1802. In 1806 this house was moved into the woods to make way for the then new meeting-house of the First Parish. It was afterwards removed below Mr. Daniel Stone's house, and still later was moved to its pres- ent location. The present residence of Doctor Nathaniel T. Palmer was originally a one-story building, erected by Ebenezer Nichols. He afterwards added another story and lived in it, following the trade of a shoe- maker. It was afterwards purchased by Sec6mb Jordan, a deputy sherifi", who fitted it up and improved its appearance, and sold it to 650 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. David Stanwood, who continued to live in it until it was sold to Abner Bourne. From the latter it passed to Doctor Solomon Cushman, and from him to Doctor Palmer. The gambrel-roofed house on Centre Street, near Federal, now occupied by Mrs. Pierce, was originally connected with the residence of Doctor Goss, at Maquoit. It was hauled to the village early in this centur^r, by Doctor Page, and was used bj- him as an office, and was then situated in his yard, just south of his house. It was afterwards removed to its present location. The house now owned by the heirs of Rodney Forsaith, on Maine Street, was built, in 1794, hj Major Swift, father of Dean and John L. Swift. The house now owned and occupied by Captain L. J. Joj'ce, on Noble Street, was originally the old tavern which stood in the north- west corner of the college yard, and was afterwards taken down, and rebuilt in its present location. It was originally built in 1803. The old house just north of the residence of Theodore S. McLellan, on Maine Street, was moved there from Maquoit, previous to 1802, by a tanner by the name of Heath. This old house has had many occupants. It is now owned hy Mr. McLellan, and leased hy him as a tenement. The Page house, next south of the Mason Street Church, which is now occupied as a boarding-house, with stores below, was built in 1804 for a store, and was occupied bj' Jacob Abbot and Gustavus Goss. It was subsequently owned and occupied }yy Doctor Jonathan Page. The Cleaveland house, on Federal Street, now the summer residence of Honorable Peleg W. Chandler, of Boston, was built in 1806 by the late Professor Parker Cleaveland, then a tutor in Bowdoin College. There are doubtless other houses than those that have been enu- merated, which might be entitled to mention on account of their age or because in some way noted, but the foregoing are all in regard to which any thing definite has been ascertained. FOHTS, GARRISONS, ETC., IN TOPS ff AM AND HARPSWELL. G51 CHAPTEE XXIV. FOKTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS IN TOPSHAM AND HARPSWELL. FORTS AND GARRISONS. There is a statement in the Pejepscot Papers to the effect that the first fort erected in this vicinity was on the Topsham side of the river, and tradition speaks of an Indian fort on the ledge at the end of the bridge near where the old toll-house now stands. In 1684 Wharton ratified his treaty with the Indians at Pejepscot P''ort.i This could not have been Fort Andross, which was not erected until 1688, nor Fort George, which was built still later. It is therefore not improba- ble that the Indians had a fortiScation at or near the spot upon which tradition says there was one, and that it was there that Wharton rati- fied his treaty. There is no evidence that there was an English fort here at that time, and there is nothing to warrant such a belief The tradition in regard to an Indian fort on the Topsham Island is not only mentioned by Williamson and other early writers, but is also con- tained in a statement made by John Merrill, Esquire, which is pre- served in the collection of Pejepscot Papers. His statement was as follows : — " In answer to the Several Questions asked can onlj- answer at present : " I came to Topsham first in April A. D. ITCO. The fort taken by Capt° Church, as I was informed by Mr. Samuel Wilson, was some- where near where the Bridge now is and he said he had seen some of the remains of said fort and I saw an old cellar on the Island near where the bridge is, supposed to be an Indian Cellar. There were marks of a settlement where Merrill point so called, now is, — I don't know what built of — where was part of a gun or guns and a number of Indian knives of stone, — near a dozen I think, — made very curi- ously, one of which I gave to Bowdoin College." > See Part 1, Chapter 2. 652 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The statement that the fort taken by Church was at Pejepseot is proved by Church's own journal ^ to be an error. Williamson, McKeen, and others have made the same mistake. There were formerlj^ quite a number of garrisons in this town, though not so xa&ny as in Brunswick. Near the spot where Mr. James Wilson's house now stands, there was at one time a block-house which had a tower, in which the women used to sit and spin while the men were at work in the fields. If Indians were seen approach- ing, the women would blow a conch shell to warn the men. Shot, weighing three or four pounds each, have been ploughed up at different times in the surrounding field. There were several garrisons on the " Foreside," near Merrj-meet- iug Bay, the precise location and date of erection of which are not positively Ijnown. One of these was erected in 1756 and was under the charge of Captain Litligow. A garrison-house was built by a Mr. Gore about where Mr. Collins Purington now lives, near the railroad station. There was another garrison on the vacant lot east of the village bur3'ing-ground, in front of the residence of Mrs. F. T. Furinton, and one on the hill above the Free-Will Baptist Meeting-House. The late Mr. Rufus Rogers dug up numerous Indian arrow- heads and other implements of war near his residence. Gusr-HonsE. — The gun-house of the artillery company, which was built about 1808, perhaps earlier, was, after the disbandment of that company, sold to the proprietors of the Topsham Academj-, and was used for a wood-shed until the destruction of the Academy by fire, in 1857, after which it was purchased by the late Reverend Doctor Wheeler, and was converted into the carriage-house connected with his residence, where it still remains. CHXJECHES. In 1759 the frame of the first meeting-house in Topsham was erected by the settlers. The agreement between the proprietors and the settlers was that the latter should erect the frame of the building and that the proprietors should complete it.® It was the wish of the proprietors to pay for the work of finishing the meeting house by the sale of lots, and owing to the difficulty in obtaining pay for their lots, the work upon the meeting-house was delayed, and in October, 1761, it had not been boarded over. At that time Dr. Noyes wrote Mr. '^Dexter, Church's " Philip's War," pp. 50 to 56. '^Pejepseot Records. FORTS, GAIiSISONS, ETC., IN TOPSUAM AND IJABPSWELL. 653 Freeman, " I expect the meeting-house will be covered before winter. John Patten sent to me for 15M shingle nails which are sent pr Stan- wood. Nothing further, at present, is intended than to secure the frame."! In April, 1 763, Dr. Noyes writes, " 1 have the sashes for the meeting-house in mj' custodj-, but until I receive money due from the settlers 1 cannot get them done.'' In June, of the same year, he writes, " By repeated complaints of the people I do not find that John Patten takes any care about the meeting-house, that the window- frames have lain exposed to the weather, the shingle nails rusted, and I can't persuade him to act in this service as I expected from him. The men that undertook to shingle the roof have not yet completed it." 2 Precisely when the meeting-house was finished is not known, but it was probably shingled and clapboarded and partially finished inside during the summer of 1 764. This building stood about two and one half miles east of the village, on the road to Bowdoinham, where the old burying-ground is. It was similar in construction to the meet- ing-houses of Brunswick and Harpswell. After the erection of the second meeting-house of the First Parish this building was allowed to go to ruin, and was carried off piecemeal by different persons for fences and other purposes. The second meeting-house of the First Parish was built in 1821, It stood on what is now the High-School lot. It was about on a line with the present residence of Deacon David Scribner and the Frank- lin Family School building. It was built mainly b}- individuals resid- ing in the village, and was presented by them, conditionall}', to the First Parish. This meeting-house was, both externally and internally, verj' different from the old one. It was much larger, and had a tall steeple upon which was a handsome vane. The windows were large and long, so that they lighted both the body of the house and the galleries. The galleries extended the length of the building on both sides and across the north end. They were supported by pillars. The north gallerj' was for the choir, and here, subsequently, was placed a really fine organ, which was presented to the society by Major William Frost. It was the first organ used in Topsham. The pulpit was quite high, being almost on a level with the galleries. A flight of stairs on each side led to it, and beneath, jfist in front, between the stairs, stood the communion-table and chairs. Behind the pulpit was a large window, hung with heavy drapery, which opened into the ves- try. The vestry was a room over the entry, and was reached by the ^ Pejepscot Papers, ^Ihid. 654 HISTORY OF Brunswick^ topsham, and harpswell. stairway on either side that led to the galleries. The pulpit was of mahoganj-, and was considered a nice piece of workmanship. There were two longitudinal aisles and one broad, transverse one in front of the pulpit. There were sixty pews in the body of the building, and about forty- two in the galleries. Those in the body of the building were oblong box-pews, and the doors were fastened with brass buttons. There was one pew in the gallery, occupied by Mrs. Fields, that was higher than the rest and had windows in front, over which curtains could be drawn. The gallery pews were nearly square. The aisles were nicely carpeted, and the house was warmed by two large box-stoves. In the centre of the ceiling was a large dome, which was always a source of wonder to the children. There were two doors to the meeting-house on the outside, and two to correspond to these on the Inside. Around the front of the gallery extended an iron rod, upon which were slid- ing curtains, which could be closed or opened by the occupants of the lower tier of pews. The belfry never contained a bell, that in the Court House near by being used on Sundays to assemble the congre- gation. The Court House bell was the first bell ever placed upon any building in town, and was purchased by subscription. There was a lightning-rod upon the meeting-house, which rod for many years the daring youth of that period, regardless of danger to life or limb, were wont to ascend. Some of the companions of his j'outh still live, who will remember many an earnest conversation with the writer while he was seated upon the gilded ball above the bell-deck. • Their conversation, it is perhaps needless to say, was usually of a serious turn, the lofty situation not being conducive to levity. This meeting-house was, about 1865, taken down, and rebuilt at one of the Brunswick ship-yards for a boarding-house for the workmen. In 1875 this building was taken down and from the material a double house was erected on the lot on the west side of Union Street, at the corner of McKeen Street, Brunswick. The present Congregational Meeting-House was built in 1836. The meeting-house of the First Parish having passed into the hands of Unitarians, the Orthodox Congregationalists, who composed a majority of the church of the First Parish, united in building a new meeting-house. The following is a copy of the subscription paper which was signed by those who contributed to the erection of the new building : — " Whereas the First Parish in Topsham, in the County of Lincoln and State of Maine, are destitute of a suitable and convenient house of worship, and the Congregational Church thereTvith connected and FORTS, GARRISONS, ETC., IN TOPSHAM AND HARPSWELL. 655 others are contemplating purchasing a lot of land and erecting and completing a suitable and convenient house of public worship for the particular use and benefit of the Orthodox Congregational Church : and whereas in pursuance and in execution of an agreement hereto- fore made by us and others for this purpose, a committee has been raised and appointed, consisting of John Barron, Nahum Perkins, John Tebbetts, Alfred White, Hugh Patten, and Giy.en Jameson, who have already purchased materials and made other purchases, contracts, and arrangements to carry into execution the purposes aforesaid : ' ' Now know a-11 persons that we whose names are hereto subscribed do hereby severallj-, each for himself and not for the others, covenant, engage, and agree to and with said committee and the survivors of them and their legal representatives to take the share or shares herein by us respectively subscribed for in said meetinghouse, and to pay to said committee or any one of them, or other agent bj- them appointed, our just and respective proportions of the cost and expenses of pur- chasing a lot and building a house as aforesaid ; and we hereby au- thorize and empower said committee to go on with and complete the purchase of land and building a house aforesaid in such way and man- ner as they may think best, hereby ratifying and confirming whatever they may do in the premises. " Witness our hands and seals at Topsham this nineteenth day of October, A. D. 1836. " JohjST BAEEOif, three shares. Nahum Peekins, " " John Tebbetts, two " Alfeed AVhite, four " Hugh Patten, two " Aleeed 8. Peekins, " " Stockbkidge Howland, " " Willis Sfeague, " " Lemuel Thompson, " " Mathew Patten, one " Joseph Patten, " " Joshua Foy, " " Isaac L. Cook, " " John H. Alexander, " " John B. Lareabee, two " Joseph Baeeon, " •' James McKeen, " " Given Jameson. " " David Alexander, one '' James H. Sandfoed, two " 656 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. " A true copy of the original. "Attest: " Isaac P. Tebbetts." The bell on this meeting-house was the gift of General Veazie. It cost about seven hundred dollars. Subsequently it was cracked and recast. The first Baptist or ' ' Old Yellow Meeting-House " was built in 1795. It was situated about two miles west of the village in the lot adjoining the old burying-ground. It was forty feet long and thirty feet wide. It was built chiefly by Joseph Haley, Captain Actor Pat- ten, 1st, John Merrill, Pelatiah Haley, and James Purington. It was unused for many years, and was finally taken down, and rebuilt for a boarding-house at one of the ship-yards in Brunswick. The Baptist Vestky was built in 1819. It was situated opposite the village burying-ground, on the corner of the grounds now occupied by the Franklin Family School, and was built over the brook, which is still to be seen there. It was a long, low, one-story building without a steeple. In 1840 it was purchased bj-the town for a town-house, and was used as such for manj' years. The present Baptist Church was erected in 1835. The first meet- ing held in it was in May of that j'ear. When first built and until 1870 there was a gallery over the porch; the pews were oblong with doors, and the pulpit was quite high. In 1870 the building was greatlj' improved both internally and externallj', and it was enlarged by an addition of some five or six feet in front. The gallery and pulpit were taken down and a new pulpit erected, the pews were remodelled, and the building thoroughly repaired, at a cost of upwards of $2,500. The bell on this church was purchased in 1836 by sub- scription, the larger portion of the cost being paid by Deacon David Scribuer. The Free Will Baptist Meeting-House was erected in 1837. The cost of the building was about |3,000. It has been kept in good repair, but it remains to-day substantially as it was first built, having never been remodelled. COURT HOUSE. The Court House was built in the year 1800. It was situated about midway between the residence of Deacon David Scribner and the Franklin Family School building. The illustration shows the appear- ance of the building previous to 1835, at which time it was remodelled. In 1848, Topsham being no longer a half-shire town, the building was FORTS, GARRISONS, ETC., IN TOPSHAM AND BARPSWELL. 657 sold to the proprietors of the Topsham Academy. It was again remodelled, and was used as an academy until a short time before its destruction by fire, which was on December 3, 1857. CoLRT House. TOWN-HOUSE. In 1840 the town purchased of Joshua Haskell the Baptist vestry and lot for the sum of two hundred and twenty-flve dollars, and paid three hundred and seventy-flve for finishing the building inside and outside, and also paid fortj^ dollars for a stone drain, to secure the town-house and road from washing. This was the first and only town- house owned by the town, and its total cost was only six hundred and forty dollars. It was finallj^ torn down in 1864, the town having made arrangements with the Sagadahoc Agricultural Society for the use of their hall for town-meetings. OBSERVATORY. An observatorj' was built upon Mount Ararat, at some time between 1830 and 1840. The project was started by the late Doctor James McKeen, and the structure was built by subscribers. The observatory was about fifty feet high. It was made of four trees, hewed, and set 42 658 niSTORT OF Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. up slanting. The trees were fastened together with joists and were boarded over. Inside, a flight of stairs led up to the " lantern" or standing-place, which was large enough for three or four persons to occupy it at one time'. From this observatory a fine view of Caseo Bay could be obtained, and sometimes the White Mountains could be seen from it. This structure remained standing some seven or eight years, when the stairs having become somewhat rotten, it was thought unsafe, and was consequently given to a poor man, who used a portion of the lumber for a pen for animals and the rest for firewood. OTHER BUILDINGS. The oldest house now standing in Topsham is probably the " Old Eed House," about two miles from the village on the road to Bow- doinlmm. Precisely when this house was built is not known, but it must have been previous to 1770, as it was at that time occupied by John Hunter as a tavern. The same grooved clapboards, split out by hand, which were originally used on it, are to be found on it to-day. The interior, finished in panel- work, is novel to those living in modern houses. FORTS, GARIilSOJ^S, ETC., IN TOPSHAM AND BARPSWELL. 659 The Foster House on the "Foreside" road, near the Narrows, was built in 1775, or very soon after, by Mr. Joseph Foster. The door fastenings and hinges were picked up by him in Portland, at the time that town was burned in 1775, and were used in the house that he was then building. The present Merrill Homestead was erected in 1785 by John Mer- rill, and is yet in excellent condition. Previously to building this house, Merrill lived in a log- house, which was situated a short distance in the rear of the present building. The log-house was built in 1760. The house now occupied by Swanzet Wilson, situated on the Bowdoinham road, just beyond Cyrus Purington's, was built about 1794, by James Wilson, for Doctor Emerson, who occupied it for sev- eral years. After him, Doctor Parker lived in it for a few years. Another very old residence is on the bay, or "Foreside"' road, about three miles from the viUage. It is now occupied by William Douglass. Whether or not it is the original house first built on the place is uncertain. The original house was once barricaded for pro- tection from the Indians. Another of the old houses is the Rogers Homestead, situated on the Bowdoinham road, about three miles from the village. The main house was erected about the year 1773, and was for some eight or ten j'ears used as an inn. The huge chimney now standing, said to be the first brick one ever' built in town, was put up by Mr. Andrew White- house, a mason of the first order. His plastering upon the walls excited the admiration of all who came from far and near to see it'. This house was afterwards made into a double tenement, and occupied b}' his son, the late Honorable George Rogers, and is now occupied by the family of the late George A. Rogers. The house no■^^r owned and occupied by James Wilson was built bj' his father, James Wilson, previous to 1792. The Coffin House, on Main Street, nearly opposite the old bank, was occupied by Francis Tucker as early as 1800, and for many years after. It was originally a one-story building, and Tucker added the second story when he converted it into a public house. The Major Frost House, now occupied as the Franklin Family School-house, was built in 1806 by Captain Daniel Holden, the Freemasons paying largely toward defraying the expense for the privilege of having a lodge-room in it. Mr. Nathaniel Green kept a tavern in it, between 1831 and 1836, to accommodate persons attending court. Dancing-schools were often kept in the hall after it was vacated by the Freemasons. From Green's hands it passed to 660 niSTOEY OF BRUKSWICK, TOFSBAM,AND HAEPSWELL. Major William Frost. It was sold by the widow of the latter, in 1856, to Warren Johnson, who converted it into a boarding-school house. The house now occupied by Daniel A. Hall, on Elm Street, was formerly the residence of Nathaniel Melcher, and was probably built previous to 1800. The Stockbeidge Howland House, on Elm Street, was occupied by James Stone, father of the late Colonel Alfred J. Stone, in 1802. At the time of his residence there was open land, under cultivation, owned by Gideon Walker, to the north and east of it. The date of erection of this house, and by whom it was built, is not known. What is known as the Eachel Patten House was formerlj* occu- pied by Joseph Swett, who married a daughter of Captain Actor Patten. It was built as early as 1800. The house now occupied by Collins Pueington, near the depot, was built in 1810, by Captain Ezekiel Purington. John Jameson was the master workman. The Charles Thompson House, on Green Street, near its junction with Main Street, was built by Isaac Johnson, not far from the year 1800. The Portee House, on Elm Street, nearly opposite the graveyard, was built bj' Doctor Porter in 1802. When he moved to Camden in 1829 the house passed into the hands of Governor William King, who was his brother-in-law. While GoA'ernor King owned it, Mrs. Field occupied it for some years for a school. In 1843, Francis T. Purinton purchased it, and it has ever since been occupied by his famil3r. It is on one of the best locations in town, and was, doubtless, at the time it was built and for many j'ears thereafter, one of the finest homesteads in the village. The Walicer Homestead, on the corner of Main and Kim Streets, was built. In 1809, by Major Nathaniel Walker, who was married and mo-\'ed into it the following year, and resided there ever after until his death, in 1851. The French roof was placed upon it for a picture- gallery, in 1867, by the present proprietor, < olonel Wildes P. Walker. Other improvements were also made upon the outside, and to the grounds, which render it now one of the handsomest residences in town and an ornament to the village. The interior has been pre- served substantially as it was originally built. There are probablj- other houses in town as old as those mentioned, but nothing; definite has been learned concerning them. FliRTtI, GARRISONS, K'/C, JN TOPSIIAM ANT) IlAUrbWELL 661 662 msTosT of Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. HAEPSWELL. FoETS AND Garrisons. — The only fort ever constructed in Harps- well was made during the war of 1812, on the land now owned bj' Woodbury S. Purinton, at the mouth of New Meadows River. It was a simple earthwork, the foundation of which was made of logs. A mound of earth and a few decaj-ed logs mark its location There was a garrison or block-house for defence against the Indians, on the north end of Baile3''s Island. It was at the Narrows, between Garrison Cove and the main bay, within twentj- feet of the shore. The stone foundations have been seen by some of the older inhabitants ; but when the land was put under cultivation, all the stones were rolled over the bank, and there are now no traces of the garrison to b& seen. About 1764, Joseph Orr built a large block-house on the farm now owned by Bradbury Wilson. It stood near the middle of Orr's Island, on the northwest side of the hill, northwest of the present house. This block-house was standing within the memory of Captain James Sinnett, of Bailey's Island. There is now no trace of it to be discovered. On the Neck, on the point of land now owned by Paul Stover, there was a block-house ; by whom erected, or at what date, is not known. It was taken down by Daniel Randall and erected as a store- house, near his dwelling. In 1822 it was again taken down, and re- built as a dwelling, which is still standing. It is quite probable that there were other block-houses or garrisons on the Neck, and also on Great Island, but these are all of which we have any account. CHUKCHES. The old meeting-house of the First Parish in this town was prob- ably commenced about the year 1757 or 1759. Elisha Eaton, son of the Reverend Elisha Eaton, who was a carpenter living in Boston, wrote in his diary, August 7, 1757 : — " getting stuff for window frames and Sashes for Meeting house which is for North Yarmouth y" sec'd Parish.'' " Sept. 21. Caping window frames for meeting house." " 1759 June 13th. Puting sashes on board y' vessel for Meeting house at Harps well.'' " Octo. 6th, sail'd for Harpswell — arrived there y' 8th where I tarried until Nov. 27th." Although there is no proof, yet it is quite likely that Mr. Eaton worked upon the meeting-house during his stay in Harpswell, and probably put in the windows he had been so long at work upon. FORTS, GARUIS01>r8, ETC., IN TOPSHAM AND HARPSWMLL. 663 Prom an examination of the town records it appears tliat this house was a long time in being completed. At a special meeting of the town, November 14, 1774, it was voted that the " Advance ground in the Galleries and seats in the same shall be for the use of the Parish, except the Tew in the Front of the Front Gallery, they (the members of the Parish) paying the cost of the Same." And it was also voted " to put in the glass wanting in the meeting-house, mend the putty. Prime the Sashes and window Frames." At another meeting held the same year it was voted to lay a floor in the porch, build the stairs and doors in the porch, put up the breast- work in the galleries, and put in the seats there, and to mend the windows. Nothing further seems to have been done until June, 1781, when it was voted to shingle the "four side" of the meeting-house, and to hang the doors. This completed the' work on the church until January 16, 1792, when it was voted that there should be " four pews built in the body of the meeting-house on the Neck adjoining the pews now built, two on each side of the front alley," and that the money arising from the sale of the same should be expended in repairing the meeting-house. Also, that the pew ground should be sold at auction. In November, 1797, the town voted to sell ten feet two inches of the pew space in each side gallery, the purchaser to pay two dollars down and the balance in ninety days, or forfeit the whole. At the sale, pew No. 5 was bid oflT to William Dunning, Jr., at twent3'-one dollars ; No. 4 to Walter Merryman, Jr. , at twenty-five dollars ; No. 3 to Joshua Bishop, at twenty-six dollars and Miy cents ; and No. 2 to Aleck Stover at the same price. This meeting-house was occupied bj' the First Parish until 1844. At a meeting of the parish held May 31, 1841, it was voted, "to take out the insides of the meeting-house, as far as necessary, take ofl" the porch, turn the house round end to the road, and rebuild the inside of the house," and that Joseph Eaton be a committee to consult an architect and estimate the expense. It was also voted that the meeting house should not in future be used for town purposes, and that Eaton should inform the selectmen of this vote. At a meet- ing held July 5, the parish committee were instructed, in case the selectmen thought the town had a claim on the meeting-house, to refer the matter to some legal authority, and the committee were empowered to sue, and to defend the rights of the parish. At a parish meeting, held March 26, 1842, it was voted to petition the District Court for leave to sell the meeting-house at private sale, 664 mSTOET OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, ANDHAEPSWELL. or otherwise, with or without the land on which it stood, as might be thought advisable. The above illustration will convej- a very good idea of the appear- ance of the pulpit and the pews on either side, and of the gallery and walls. The last entry in the parish records is dated September 27, 1842. It was called in the legal manner, and a legal return was made upon the warrant, and was signed by the person who notified the members and by the parish clerk. For some reason, however, it was not deemed legal hy some. The entry reads as follows : — "At a certain meeting purporting to be a meeting of the First Parish in Harpswell held on the 27, of Sept. 1842, and which was called by Washington Garcelon, Jus. Peace, issuing his warrant to Thomas Alexander, voted as follows — Thomas Alexander, Modera- tor ; after which the meeting was objected to by a member of said Parish, in behalf of the Parish, and they refused to act, as being ille- gal on account of its not having been notified by said Alexander. "Voted, that a Committee of three be chosen to remonstrate at Court against the Meeting House being sold. Voted, Joshua Stover, Rufus Dunning and Simeon Stover 2d. be this committee. Voted, that this committee have power to call on papers and witnesses. FOSTS, GARRISONS, ETC., IN TOPSHAM AND HARPSWELL. 665 Voted, that John Stover be an agent to carry the remonstrance to Court. Voted to pass over the 3d article in the warrant [to see if tlie parish would repair the meeting-house] . Voted, that all votes passed on the 26th of March last, concerning the sale of the Meeting House, be rescinded. Voted, that the Meeting House be occupied as it has been. Voted, not to assess anj' money for the support of the Minis- try. Voted that this meeting be dissolved. "Attest. "William C. Eaton, P. Clerk.'" After this date the meeting-house remained, for the most part, unused, until 1856, when it was taken possession of bj' the town as a town-house and selectmen's office. This building, though probably one hundred and twenty years old, is still standing, and in use as a town-house, and is in a fair state of preservation. The boards, an inch and a half thick, and the birch bark covering the cracks beneath the clapboards, are still to be seen in it, as well as the curious hinges and the original hand-made nails. The old meeting-house of the First Parish, on Great Island, was built about 1770, and was taken down in 1843. It was similar, both externally and internally, to the old meeting-house on the Neck, and does not, therefore, require further description. The Centre Congregational Meeting-House on Harpswell Neck, directly opposite the old First Parish Meeting-House, was built in 1843. It was built by individuals who entered into the following agree- ment : — " We the subscribers being desirous to have a meeting-house built in the vicinity of the old meeting-house on Harpswell Neck, to be ever owned, managed, and conducted by the Congregational Society in Harpswell, with the privilege of its being occupied by others hold- ing evangelical sentiments, at the request of any pew-holder, when not occupied by the said Congregational Society. To contain about forty pews, with a belfiy and steeple, and to be of such dimensions as the building committee and some experienced joiner shall deem best. " And we hereby agree to take the number of pews set against our names, and to pay the assessments as agreed upon at any regular meetingof said subscribers, the iirst meeting to be called by the building committee or any three of the subscribers, to choose such officers and 666 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. make such regulations as said meeting may think proper, and to determine the manner of calling future meetings. And the build- ing committee to be Silvester Stover, Clement Martin, and James Stover. And all who can convenient!}', to pay in to the Building Committee. • Silvester Stover . Joseph Stover . Dominicus Jordan George S. Dunning James Stover Isaac Dunning . William Barnes . Joseph Eaton . Jacob Merryman William C. Eaton Hugh Farr Elisha Allen, Jr. Abraham Allen James Dunning Simeon Orr Elchard Orr, Jr. Stephen Sinnet, Jr. Michael Sinnet . Norton Stover, 2d Clement Martin . George R. Skolfleld Daniel Randall . George Skolfleld Mary Skolfleld . At their first meeting the three sixteenths of an acre of 10 pews. 1 1 1 I 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 3 1 1 1 1 bregoing proprietors voted to purchase and of Elisha Stover, for the meeting- house lot. At another meeting of the same, held June 30, it was voted, in explanation of one clause of their agreement, " that when the meeting-honse is not supplied by Congregational preaching, it shall be opened on the Sabbath under the direction of the committee or agent having charge of it, and at the request of one or more pew- holders, for preaching by other authorized ministers in regular stand- ing, holding the sentiments commonlj' called Evangelical, such as the atonement, regeneration, the special influences of the Holy Spirit, FORTS, GAniilSONS, ETC., IN TOPSBAM AND HARPSWELL. 667 and future retribution. But for preachers of other sentiments than those refeiTed to, and for all other public occasions and uses whatever, it cannot be opened except in the usual waj-, viz., bj- the committee or agent acting under the direction of the Congregational Society." It was also voted at this meeting that Joseph Eaton, George R. Skol- field, and George S. Dunning be a committee to take measures in regard to forming a new parish, whenever it should be thought expe- dient. At a meeting of the proprietors, held September 25, George E. Skolfleld, .James Stover, and Daniel Eandall were chosen a committee of arrangements for the dedication. It was also voted, " That we, the proprietors of the new meeting-house recently built on Harpswell Neck, do hereby convey and transfer to the Centre Congregational Parish in Harpswell when formed, all our right, title, and interest in and to said meeting-house, authorizing said parish to give deeds of conveyance to any persons who may purchase pews in said house, and to do such other acts as may be legally done by parishes in respect to meeting-houses." The Union Meeting-Ho0Se on Harpswell Neck was built in 1841, and was dedicated hy the Universalists on the twentj^-first of Septem- ber of the same year. It is situated near the academj' in North Harpswell. The Methodist Church on Harpswell Neck was erected in 1854-5. Work upon the building was commenced in October, 1854, wlien there were but seven members in the society, which was ^then under the pastoral charge of Reverend George C. Crawford. Captains Norton Stover and Nathaniel Pinkham assumed the entire pecuniary re- sponsibility. The building was dedicated May 17, 1855, and on that day the pews were sold. The cost of the building was about $4,000. The Ork's Island Meeting-House, the first and only one ever built on that island, was erected in 1855, and is occupied one quar- ter of the time each by the Methodists, Free Baptists, Calvinist Baptists, and Congregationalists. The original owners were members of the three churches on Harpswell Neck. A Free Baptist Church was organized after the building was erected, and the above arrange- ment as to meetings was made. OTHER BUILDINGS. Probably the oldest house now standing on Harpswell Neck is the one occupied by Horatio Toothaker. It is situated a short distance 668 HISTORY OF BEUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. east of the academy. It is a large, square-roofed house, and was built bv Deacon Andrew Dunnins: in 1757. The Andrew Dunniao House The house now owned by Paul Randall, which is set in from the road a short distance below the Baptist meeting-house, at Haipswell Centre, is of about the same age as the preceding, but the precise date of its erection cannot be ascertained. The fvvsi framed house on Sebascodigan Island was erected in May, 1764, by Colonel Nathaniel Purinton. It was a large two-story house. This house was taken down in 1850 and another erected in its place, but the barn, which was built the same year as the old house, is now standing, and has been in constant use for one hundred and twelve j-ears. About 1767, Reverend Samuel Veasey built a large two- story house on the lot a few rods northwest of the burying-ground on this island, which was afterwards sold to Captain Isaac Rich, and was occupied by his descendants until within a few years. It has recently been taken down. About 1766 a one-story house was built on this island, near Condy's Harbor, hy James Eastman. It is still standing, and is now occupied by Mrs. Adaline Elliott. The oldest house on Orr's Island and the oldest in the town is un- doubtedly that built by Joseph Orr. It is situated on a point of FORTS, GAliRISONS, ETC., JiV TOP SHAM AND HAUPSWELL. 669 land about one half mile northwest of the middle of the island, and was probably erected about 1756. The sills are ten inches and the beams eight inches in diameter. Tliis house is now owned and occu- pied by Bradbury and Elbridge Wilson. Another old house on this island is that built by Michael Sinnett. It was probably erected about 1777 or 1787. It is not unlikely- that there are other very old houses still standing in Harpswell. A lack of personal knowledge of the town, however, and the great difficulty there is in determining the age of a building concerning which there is no documentary evidence, prevents us from mentioning others. 670 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. CHAPTER XXV. INTERESTING KELICS IN BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. IN BETJNSWICK. The relics that will be mentioned in this chapter are of articles that originall}- belonged in this vicinity or that were brought here by the early settlers. The christening basin of Robert Jordan, son of Reverend Robert Jordan who came to this country in 1640, was in the Jordan family in this town until 1854 or 1855, when it was sold to Honorable Seth Storer of Scarborough. This basin was made of finely wrought brass, and was probably purchased about the year 1640 or 1650. A book entitled '"Burkett's Commentary on the New Testament," which is said to have been brought over to this country in 1 040 by Reverend Robert Jordan, is in the possession of Mrs. jSfarcissa Jordan, of Bath. Honorable Charles J. Oilman has, in a fair state of preservation, a Bible once owned bj' Reverend Robert Dunlap. It was printed in 1698. He also has a silver mug, of about a quart in size, which was the property of Captain John Dunlap, and is now over a hundred years old. It is of solid silver and very heavy. It was used for drinking flip. The late Doctor John D. Lincoln had the first silver dollar ever owned by his grandfather. Captain John Dunlap, who is said to have been at his death the richest man in Maine. The doctor had also a silver flagon with the arms of the Toppan family engraved upon it, which was the property of his grandmother Dunlap, and is upwards of one hundred years old. He had also a fire-fender which once belonged to General Knox, and which is an elegant article. The doc- tor had also a collection of coins which is one of the finest collections in the State. There is in possession of the Woodside family a portrait of Rev- erend James Woodside, who preached in Brunswick in 1719. It bears date " 1726, by Gibson." RELICS IN BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 671 The hat-box of William "Woodside and a brass warming-pan once owned bj- him are now in the possession of the Woodside family. The hat-box is triangular in shape, each side being eighteen inches long, and the depth of the box is six inches. The box is covered with a figured paper, and is lined with newspapers bearing the date 1761. It was made to contain the triangular hat which Woodside used to wear. The church of the First Parish in Brunswick has in its possession nine pieces of sacramental plate, which were given to the church in 1737. Of these are two flagons, upon one of which is inscribed, " Gift of Benjamin Larrabee Esquire, 1737" ; and upon the other, Gifi of C i2}t. John Minot, Esq. 1737, To the Church of Christ in Brunswick." The other pieces are three plates and four cups. Two pewter plates, a part of the wedding outfit of William and Marj' Sj-lvester, who were married in 1736, and who moved to Harps- well soon after, are now in the possession of Mrs. George E. Springer, of Brunswick, who is their great-granddaughter. Mrs. Springer has also a wooden candlestick, made by Mr. Sylvester with a jackknife. It consists of a wooden shaft about four feet high, an inch and a half in diameter at the bottom and for half its length, the upper half being about three fourths of an inch in diameter, and is cut like a screw. Upon this stafi" a cross-arm screws up and down. At each end of the cross-arm there is a socket for a candle, the screw allowing the can- dles to be raised or lowered as desired. In possession of the Maine Historical Society is the gun which was captured from an Indian in 1725 by James Cochran. Mr. Chapin Weston has a basket made by his great-grandfather, Jacob Weston, in 1775. It is what was called a bottle b'tsket, being made of the right shape and size to carry a large bottle. The dimen- sions are twelve inches deep, and six inches square across the top, tapering slightly towards the bottom. It is made of white-oak strips, and the handle is made without a splice. It is a nice piece of work- manship, and must have been a convenient article in the daj-s when a bott e was carried wherever one went. It might also have served in the place of the modern canteen. Mr Weston also has a three-dollar bill, Continental money, dated 1777, it being a part of what was paid Jacob Weston for his services as a private in the Eevolution. Mr. Samuel Adams, of Bowdoinham, has in his possession a blank book which was used for arithmetical problems by Samuel Adams, who was a private in Captain White's company, of Brunswick, in Washington's army, while encamped at Valley Forge. The cover is 672 niSTOBT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. made of a piece of his tent cloth, and the strings were torn from a piece of cloth of which his breeches were made. Theodore S. McLellau, of Brunswick, has an axe which was made by Thomas Stone about the j-ear 1795. T. M. Giveen, Esquire, has a verj' formidable club, which, it is said, was years ago taken from a " yagger"i during a conflict with the students. It is of hard wood, sixteen inches in length and about an inch and a half in diameter. At one end is a huge knot, into which a hole was bored and filled with lead. Nails were also driven into this end of the club and filed oflT, leaving sharp points about half an inch in length. There are four of these iron points. At the opposite end a groove was cut, to which a cord was tied. In the hands of a strong man, this club would be a deadly weapon. IlSr TOPSHAM. Mr. David Work has several relics. Among them are two small, leaf-shaped dishes which belonged to "Skipper" ftlalcom, and are now one hundred and ten years old. They were probably used to hold the snuffings of the candles. He has also a table-plate of the " Skipper's." He has, too, a cup and saucer which belonged to Mrs. William Eandall, and are now more than one hundred and ten years old. He has also a pewter spoon and an iron fork which he dug out of the cellar of the house in which Doctor Philip G. Hoyt once resided. The supposed age of these latter relics is ninety years. A candlestick purchased in Boston in 1770, by Brigadier Samuel Thompson, is now the property of Mrs. Eobert Tate. The base is of marble surmounted by two bronze statuettes holding the bi'ass socket for the candle. It was doubtless considered, at the time it was pur- chased, a handsome and valuable article. Mr. James F. Mustard has a gun of French manufacture, which is supposed to be over one hundred years old, and a pair of saddle-bags of about the same age. The late Mr. Eufus Eogers had quite a number of Indian relics, such as tomahawks, arrow-heads, stone tools, etc., which are now in the possession of the Maine Historical Societj'. An Indian tomahawk was dug up in 1863 in a field near the house of William Sprague. Several cannon-balls — four-pounders — have been dug up in Mr. 1 Tlie name applied by the college students to the rowdies who lived at the north end of the town. The word is prohably a corruption of the German Yager,, meaning a hunter. RELICS m BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 673 James Wilson's field adjoining his house, where was once a block- house. Various Indian relies have also been dug up there. There is in the possession of Mrs. Samuel Douglass a set of silver sleeve-buttons which were worn by Captain John Rogers at his wed- ding, about the j'ear 1775. Mr. W. W. Patten has a foot-stove which was used early in this century, and perhaps previously, for keeping the feet warm "in meeting." It is made of perforated tin, in which were placed live coals, the tin being encased in a wooden frame. It is about nine or ten inches square. Probably there are quite a number of other foot- stoves in existence in this vicinity, but this is the only one we have seen. The family of Major Joshua Haskell have in their possession the ai-ms and equipments which he used while in service in the war of 1812. IN HAKPSWELL. Owing to a lack of personal acquaintance with many of the citizens of Harpswell, and to the scattered situation of its inhabitants, it has not been found practicable to obtain accounts of many of the relics which are doubtless preserved in private families as heirlooms. A sword once owned by Captain Johnson Harmon, a hero of the Indian wars in the early part of the last century, and which was probably worn 'by him in his attacks upon the Indians, is now the property of Captain A. C. Stover. It is straight, single-edged, with a deer engraved on each side of the blade, about six inches from the hilt. The handle is of buck-horn. Mr. David S. Dunning, of Portland, formerly of Harpswell, has a little pocket-compass which Captain Andrew Dunning bought of a French prisoner, whom he was conveying from Quebec to Virginia shortly after the capture of Quebec in 1759. Mr. Stephen Purinton, of Harpswell, has a warming-pan which was once the property of the wife of John Merrill, Esquire, of Topsham. Its age is not known, but it is probably over a hundred years old. The sword of Nathaniel Purinton, of Harpswell, an officer in the Revolution, is now in the possession of Charles E. Purinton, of Bow- doinham. Mr. Stephen Purinton has a stone gouge which he found on a shell- bank on his premises. It is of hard sandstone, and is about five inches long by two and a half broad. Quite a number of flint arrow- heads have been dug up in this vicinity. There is in the possession of James E. Skolfield a part of a gun and 43 674 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. a knife which were ploughed out where a house is supposed to have once stood, though there is no account, traditional or otherwise, of an}- resident at that place. Mr. Skolfield's wife has also a salt-cellar, in good condition, in the shape of an oak-leaf, which is over one hundred years old. There is in the family of Charles N. Leavitt a white earthen plate which was his great-grandmother's. It is over one hundred and fiftj' years old. The picture on the plate is a representation of a partj' at a festival in the cabin of a vessel. Under it are the words, " The Captains Cabin." It is reall}^ a fine thing. Thomas S. Skolfield has a gun which formerly belonged to Thomas Spear. It was given to Skolfield by Spear more than seventj- years ago, and is supposed to be about two hundred years old. The following account of the discovery in Harpswell of an old Indian burj'ing-ground, with some curious ornaments found on or near some of the skeletons, is taken from some notes written by the late Reverend Edward Ballard, D. D. On May 24, 1861, seven skeletons, evidentlj' Indian, were thrown up by the ploughshare on the farm of Mr. Henry Barnes, on the eastern side of Middle Bay, near the shore. Thej' were about twelve or fifteen inches below the surface of the ground, and lay in the direc- tion of northeast and southwest. In the ground near these skeletons were found the following ornaments : — 1. Three copper tubes, a little less than half an inch in diameter, one- being over a fpot long One of these was filled with decayed twisted bark, which was probably used as a cord. Four others were found that were only two inches in length, and a little more than an eighth of an inch in diameter. They were attached in couples, as pendants, to two strings of prepared deer-skin, which were curiouslj' knotted at their point of union. 2. Four other specimens were found, made of the same thin cop- per, but of a conical shape, nearly three inches in length, half an inch at the base, and tapering to a quarter of an inch at the top, which were unattached when found. 3. Two flat thin pieces of brass, about two and three quarter inches long, triangular, more than an inch and a half broad at the base, and diminishing to about a quarter of an inch at the top, where they were rounded, and had a hole showing them to have been designed as pendants. 4. More than sixty white shell beads, each a fourth of an inch long and a little less than an eighth of an inch in diameter, were RELICS IN BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 67o gathered from the same spot. A spiral groove around the sides showed that they were made from the shell-fish which the Indians called " Quohock" (Venus mercenaria). "A shell furnished onlj- one grooved bead, which was taken from the thickest part near the hinge and rubbed down on sandstones to the proper length and thickness, and in order to preserve tlie size necessarily leaving the groove where the ligament was attached, that secured the shells at the hinges. Two of these beads were slightly colored, and somewhat smaller, plainly showing, however, they were taken from the edge nearest the anterior portion of the shell. Between each of the beads were thin circular plates of dark purple shell, perforated, and appearing to have been made of the thin part of the same shell. They were called ' Suckanhocks,' and were twice the value of the white. Both kinds were used as monej% and also for the decoration of the necks of the wives and children of the Indians. On the same skeleton where these various ornaments were discovered, was a portion of hair well preserved, somewhat long, and gathered in a wrapper in the best state of preservation about the neck, made of braided bark, like basket-work, which soon fell to pieces when brought into the air." One of the remaining skeletons was that of a child about eight years old. The other four were those of adults, and were buried at short distances from each other, Ivith no regularity, except in the similarity of the direction of their graves. They presented no objects of interest beyond the fact of their discovery. Two iron axes of European man- ufacture, ground for use, were found on the same day by means of the plough, at a short distance from the skeleton, on the same swell. They have no head above the eye. " Axes of similar shape, with long handles for bush and brancli work, are still in use among the Micmacs. These implements, however, may have been lost on the place by the first settler, whose name was MacNess, and who occupied the shore with two dweUings about two hundred years ago, of which the places are indicated by the cellars, which were deep, at the distance of two or three rods from the deposit of the relics.'' 676 HISTOSY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWI.LL. CHAPTER XXVI. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. Ax account has alreadj' been given, in Part I, of tlie several engage- ments that occurred in this vicinitj' daring the period of the Indian wars, and of the troops that were stationed here, and a list, neces- sarily incomplete, of the soldiers from these towns will be given in the Appendix. This chapter goes no further back than the war of the Revolution and the events immediately preceding it. For some years preceding the actual commencement of hostilities the danger of a conflict batween the colonies and the mother countrj' had been anticipated in each of the towns whose history is being nar- rated, and Committees of Safety and of Correspondence were estab- lished in all three of them. As to what particular acts were done by those committees but little is known, as no records appear to have been kept by them. It is known, however, that they kept up a correspondence with similar committees of other towns, more espe- cially with Boston and the larger places, and were thus made season- ably acquainted with the condition of affairs over the whole country. The earliest movement of a military character, in this immediate vicinity, having any bearing upon the subsequent war, was in 1774. This year the supply of powder in each town was increased, patriotic speeches were frequently made hy public speakers, and nearly all able- bodied men were engaged in studying the manual of arms and practising the drill. Some time during this j'ear. Reverend Jacob Bailej', of Pownalboro', noted for his Tory proclivities, was stopped at Stone's tavern, in Brunswick, on his way home from the westward. He was accused of being a Tor}' and was uiged to sign " the League." On his refusal he was allowed to depart, but was notified that he would be visited at his home the next week.i £1775. J On April 19, 1775, commenced the opening struggle of the Revolution, at Lexington. It took but a few daj's for the news to 1 North, History of Augusta, p. 119. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 677 reach Brunswick and arouse its inhabitants. A town meeting was called by the selectmen, who issued the following warrant for its assembling : — " Cumberland ss. '■To THE Constable or Constables of the town of Brunswick, " Greeting; "You are hereby required forthwith to warn all the inhabitants of the said town of Brunswick, qualified to bear arms, to meet at the west meeting-house in said Brunswick, on Thursday, the 27th inst. at ten o'clock in the forenoon, with their guns and what ammunition they have, in order that it may be known the state of the town for defence ; and to determine what measures shall be gone into by the town to fur- nish materials for defence against any enemy that may invade it, and to act and do everything necessary for security in this alarming situa- tion of affairs. " Given under our hands and seal this 25th day of April, A. D. 1775. "Nathaniel Laekabee, Thomas Moulton, Selectmen of Brunswick." This meeting " was fully attended and was remarkable for its great solemnity. All seemed deeply impressed with the magnitude of the dangers which were hanging over them and the importance of pre- serving order and tranquillit3'. There were some who breathed nothing but war and revenge on Great Britain, but who, when the crisis came, when the burden of the contest was falling heavilj' upon the citizens, when soldiers, provisions, clothing, and money were wanted and must be furnished bj- the town, moved with their families from town into the woods — now Durham and Lisbon — and escaped the heat and burden of the war. It was said that twenty moved from Bruns- wick at this time to be out of harm's way and save paying taxes. The Quakers settled in Durham about this time from a diflferent motive. Lemuel Jones, falling into Brunswick, suffered his property to be dis- trained in the payment of war taxes, as did others of the Quakers. i" Upon the reception of the news of the battle of Lexington, Captain Lithgow and Lieutenant George "White, of Tojpsham, at once com- menced to collect a company of soldiers, and were veiy successful. This company went to Portland and were, under the orders of Colonel ' McKeen, in Brunsvnck Telegraph, July 1, 1854. 678 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. Mitchell, put at work erecting a fort.i They were discharged in November, and many of them re-enlisted under White, who was then a captain, and who, the same j'ear, was made major of the regiment of which Samuel McCobb, of Georgetown, was colonel, and Dummer Sewall, of the same town, now Bath, was lieutenant-colonel. This regiment was ordered to join the army under Washington, at Cam- bridge. In 1776 it was ordered to Rhode Island. In the latter part of April, 1775, Captain Nathaniel Larrabee and Lieutenant Isaac Snow went to Condy's Harbor, at Harpswell, with a company of men from Brunswick and Harpswell. The}' were emploj'ed in erecting a fort there and in building barracks. Thej' had two " wall-pieces'," that were brought from Fort Halifax, and two swivels. A wall-piece was stocked, like a gun, with a lock. It was ten or twelve feet long, with a bore of two and one half inches. It would send twenty musket-balls across to Bear Island, over a mile distant. This company remained here until Christmas, and during their stay the British appeared off the harbor several times and fired at them. The fire was returned with these wall-pieces. Three days after the burning of Portland, which occurred October 18, this com- panj' was ordered to Portland, and were emploj'ed for two weeks, under Colonel Finney, in building a fort on Munjoy's Neck. They then returned to Sebascodigan Island. These men were not regular troops, but were " minute-men." ^ On the twenty-ninth of April, the following account of the state of affairs in this vicinity was written by Brigadier Thompson. The let- ter bears no address, but was probably directed to the governor of the Massachusetts Colony : — " I this minute have an opportunity to Informe you of the State of our affairs at the Eastward ; that we are all Stanch for County's Ex- cept three men and one of them is Deserted, the other two is in lorns ; as for the vessels which attempted to Convej'' Stuff to our enemies are stop' and I am about to move about two hundred of white pine masts and other Stuflf got for our Enemies use. Sir, haveing heard of the Cruill murders they have dun in our Province, makes us more Reso- lute than ever and, finding that the Sword is drawn first on their side, that we shall be annimated with that noble Spirit that wise men ought to be, until our Just Rights and Libertys are Secured to us. Sir, jay heart is with every tru Son of America, tho my Person can be in but one place at once, tho verj^ soon I hope to be with j'ou on the spot. " McKeen, MS. Zecture. 2 Pejepscot Papers. MILITARY BISTORT OF THE THREE TOWNS. 679 if anj- of my Friends enquires after me, Inform them that I make it my whole business to persue those measures Recommended by the Congi-esses ; we being uppon the Sea Coast and in danger of being in- vaded by Piriats— as the 27th of inst. there was a boat or barge came in to our harbour and River, and sounding as they went up the river. Sir, as powder and guns is much wanted in this Eastern Parts and also Provisions, Pray Sir have your thoughts something on this matter against I arrive, which will be as soon as busnes will admit. Sir, I am, with the greatest Regard to the Country, at heart your Ready friend and Humble Serv'. " Samuel Thompson.^ "BuuNSWiCK, April ye 29th, 1775." Some time in June following, Captain Philip C. Randall, of Harps- well, on his way to Salem in his vessel, was forcibly taken therefrom by an armed vessel and carried to Boston. ^ About the same time Robert Fulton, John and William Patten, Thomas Harward, Joseph Berry, and David Fowler, from Topsham, went in a vessel to the mouth of the Androscoggin for hay, and were taken by the English and carried to England. Robert Fulton and William Patten died there ; the others returned. At the annual meeting this year the town of Bruiiswick passed the following resolution : — " Voted. That if a number of men out of this town shall list as min- ute-men, and should they be engaged in the defence of our lives, shall receive from the town eight dollars each as a bounty. If any others than such as list shall be equally engaged shall receive an equal bounty if they are legally called and should march, and Providence should order it that there should be an engagement, they are entitled to the above bounty. " Each man that lists as minute-man to meet three times a week, and to spend three hours each time to learn the manual exercise, and in consideration for such service shall be paid by the town two shil- lings eight pence per week. " Such as do not list as minute-men shall meet once a fortnight and spend half a day in learning the manual exercise, and shall be allowed one shilling and four pence for each time they meet." After the business of this meeting was concluded. Reverend Samuel Eaton, of Harpswell, who was present at the meeting, was invited to ' Military Records in Massachusetts Archives. '^Ooold, JBurning of Falmouth, p. 11. 680 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSTIAM, AND HARPSWELL. address the people. He did so and made a stirring and eloquent appeal to their patriotism. He so aroused the spirit and temper of the people, that, carried away by excitement, several of them, under the lead of the chairman of the mee'ing, Brigadier Thompson, seized Mr. Vincent Woodside, one of the most prominent and outspoken opposers, who held a corhmission under the king, and attempted to force him to renounce British rule. Finding that they could not intimidate him by threats, thej' even proceeded to bury him alive, and had succeeded so far as to cover all but his head with earth, when they were prevented by the interposition of a few resolute and considerate persons from carrying their murderous design into execution. After Woodside's escape, the mob, for such it was, went to Mr. Eoss's house and to Andrew Dunning's, but found them both absent. The}' spoiled a lot of the king's masts that were in a lumber-j^ard near the present First National Bank. The king's agents, Messrs. Perry and Barnard, had, however, gone to Georgetown. They then went to Topsham, and seized Mr. Thomas Wilson, whom they considered a Tory, though strictly speaking he was not one, handcuffed him and carried him over to Benjamin Stone's. One of his daughters followed him, got his handcuffs off and threw them away. He escaped and returned home.i At the close of a town-meeting in Topsham, called to pass resolu- tions in favor of a separation of the colonies from Great Britain, Mr. Wilson voted against them. He did so, not because he favored the course pursued by Great Britain, but because he believed too strongly in the power of that kingdom to subdue the rebellious colonies. Brigadier Samuel Thompson was much offended at the vote of Mr. Wilson and at the opinions expressed by him, denounced him as a Tory, and at one time meditated an attack upon him, and even went so far as to collect men together at Mr. Wilson's gate. A portion of the people went with Thompson to show their dislike, but the steadier portion of the community concluded that a tailor would be too great a loss if he should be driven away, and therefore induced the others to withdraw. The hostility thus engendered between the Wilson family and Mr. Thompson was very intense, and each party had its sympathizers and supporters. John Merrill, Pelatiah Haley, Actor Patten, and Alex- ander Rogers favored Mr. Wilson, while Mr. James Purington was for the side of the brigadier. The older citizens of Topsham were not far from being equally divided in taking sides, though there was prob- ^McKeen, MS. Lecture. MILITARY mSTOET OF THE THREE TOWNS. 681 ably a slight preponderance of public sentiment in favor of the briga- dier. The new-comers, however, were for the most part in sj-mpathy with Mr. Wilson. Such men as Merrill and Haley, although they thought the struggle with the mother country would probably be decided against them, yet energetically sustained the action of their fellow-countrymen. Mr. Wilson himself disclaimed the existence of any unpatriotic sentiments, and above all scouted the name of Tory. The brigadier, however, was of too fierj- a temperament to be easily appeased, and continued hurling his " gall-bladder invectives " against all who failed to come up to his standard of patriotism. Some lines were written by Mr. Wilson's wife shortly after the intended attack upon him. They were designed chiefl}' as a satire upon General Thompson. They were as follows : — " There was a man in our town, I 'U tell you his condition, He sold his oxen and his corn. And bought him a Commission. " A Commission thus he did obtain, But soon he got a coward's name, At Bunker ne'er shewed he his face, Nor there his country's fame disgrace. " He came one day to the tailor's gate. And there his men assemble, Who with his needles and his shears. He made them all to tremble. " Some said they were all brave men, Some said that they could fight, sir, But all of them were made to run, And that by the tailor's wife, sir." i In May, 1775, occurred what is locally known as "Thompson's Wae." For some weeks previously Colonel Samuel Thompson, Colonel Purinton, Captain John Simmons, Aaron Hinkley, Esquire, John Merrill, Esquire, Thomas Thompson, and James Potter had been holding secret meetings at the house of Aaron Hinkley, and had con- cocted a plan, first suggested by Colonel Thompson, of seizing the British war-ship Canceau, commanded by Captain Henry Mowatt. Samuel Thompson was chosen colonel, and John Merrill and ' Diary of James McKeen, M. D. 682 BISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. Thomas Thompson were chosen captains. Captain John Simmons was appointed commodore. To prevent a premature disclosure of their plans, all the roads leading to Portland were closely guarded and none allowed to pass unless sworn to secrecy. Notwithstanding this, some intimation of their design reached Mowatt's ears. The original plan was to procure a vessel of sufficient size to carry a company of some sixty or seventy men ; to disguise the vessel as a wood-coaster ; to conceal the men in the hold ; sail for Portland in the night, go alongside of the Canceau and board her immediatel}-. The rendez- vous was to be New Meadows. The disclosure of the plan altered their arrangements somewhat, but did not deter them from their design. Thej' saUed from New Meadows on the night of Maj' 8th, and landed on the morning of the 9th in a grove of thick trees, at a place called Sand3' Point. There were about fifty armed men, each wearing in his hat a small bough of spruce. Their standard was a spruce pole with the green top left on. Sentinels were posted around their camp, and several persons who chanced to pass that way were seized and detained. Pelatiah Halej' was sent into town to obtain whatever information he might be able. About one o'clock in the afternoon. Captain John Merrill, with two of the sentinels, while walking near the shore, saw Captain Mowatt with Reverend Mr. Wiswall, of St. Paul's Church, and his surgeon, land at Clay Cove, and walk up the hill. They compelled them to surrender, and immedi- ately sent for General Thompson to receive Mowatt's sword. This he did, but returned it immediately. A number of prominent citizens of Falmouth visited the camp and urged the release of the prisoners. The " Spruce Companj' " were inflexible, but as night was approach- ing they concluded to march their prisoners to Marston's tavern. About nine o'clock the prisoners were released on a promise to return the next morning, General Preble and Colonel Freeman pledging themselves for them. The prisoners, however, did not keep good their promise. The company left on Fridaj'. There were other com- panies joined them while in Falmouth, and some misdeeds were com- mitted by soldiers, but there is no positive evidence that it was by Thompson's men. On their return thej' took back some boats belong- ing to Mowatt. When about leaving it is said that they were consid- erably alarmed at the approach of a fishing-smack belonging in North Yarmouth, which they erroneously supposed to be a vessel sent out b}^ Mowatt to capture them.' 1 Govid. McKeen, from a survivor. MILITARY HISTORY OF THK THREE TOWNS. 683 This attack of Thompson and his men has been pretty harshly criti- cised, but however premature it may have been, it was, in a measure, successful, and had he been properly seconded by the citizens of Fal- mouth no doubt the Canceau would have fallen into their hands. A year later and it would have proved a success. The' soldiers under Thompson's command were mostly young adventurers, who afterwards enlisted under command of Captain James Curtis, were employed for some time at Condy's Harbor, were then sent to Cambridge, and were afterwards sent to Camden, N. J. Tradition says that at this time the British made the threat that they would breakfast in Portland and dine at Ilarpswell, and that the citi- zens of the latter place had their oxen all yoked, and ready, if they saw the British coming, to take their goods and go into the woods. In September of this year, Eeverend John Miller relinquished £30 of his salary for the ensuing j'ear, on account of the " public dis- tresses." John Farren, the school-master, in like manner gave up £15 6s. 8d. of his salarj- ; and two of the selectmen, viz., Thomas Skolfleld and Nathaniel Larrabee, agreed to serve without compensa- tion. About this time Captains Dunning, of Brunswick, and Hunter, of Topsham, with nineteen men from their independent companies, carried stores from Merrymeeting Baj- to Forts Western and Halifax, on the Kennebec, in gondolas, serving twenty-one daj's.^ In October or November, a number of Arnold's men from the expedition to Canada, who were brought back sick, were quartered by the selectmen in different parts of the town, some of them at the house of Mr. Joseph Morse, on the Maquoit road. Some of the inhabitants, unwilling to attack Mr. Thomas Wilson, of Topsham, a second time themselves, took advantage of the presence of these men in town to instigate some fifteen or twenty of them to go over to his house, and furnished them with boats for this purpose. On the Topsham shore they halted and loaded their guns. Mr. Wil- son, who had been watching them, met them pleasantly, invited them to his house to rest, and asked them to breakfast. They spent an hour relating their sufferings while on the expedition, and after thanking Mr. Wilson for his courtesies, returned, assuring those who sent them that Mr. Wilson was too worthj' a man to be so grossly insulted. Mr. Wilson's patriotism was, however, suspected, and he was, either previously or soon after the incident just related, attacked by a mob, captured, loaded with chains, and carried to New Meadows. ^ North, History of Augusta. 684 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The mob kept him a prisoner but a short time, but insulted him grossly, and filling his wig with tar, placed it upon his head and sent him home. He made no resistance and showed no resentment. ^ In the Provincial Congress of this year, a letter was read from a Mr. Barber, containing the statement that one Mr. Perry was in this part of the country endeavoring to obtain masts, spars, and timber for the use of the enemy, and Colonel Thompson was desired ' ' immedi- ately to repair to Brunswick, Casco Bay, Woolwich, Georgetown, and other places, and to take the most effectual measures to acquaint the people" with the fact, "and to make use of all proper and effectual measures to prevent their aiding him in procuring said articles." ^ According to McKeen, Parry was seized, and sent a prisoner to Stuvbridge. About this same time the Committees of Safety and Correspondence for the towns of Brunswick, Bowdoinham, and Topsham reported to the General Court of Massachusetts that, learning that nine vessels had arrived in the Kennebec and its tributaries, and were collecting firewood, butter, and other articles, thej"^ had considered it their duty to inquire into the legality of their proceedings. They found that these vessels had clearances from that part only of the port of Boston called Nantucket, and were acting without the consent of any com- mittee whatever, which was in direct conflict with a Resolve of Con- gress of June 9th of that year. The committee, therefore, finding by the confession of the one in charge of these vessels that they had no proper license, and that all the authority they had was a permit from Samuel Goodwin and Samuel Emerson, two of the Committee of Safety for the town of Pownalborough, to sail out of the river, not con- sidering this permit legal, had ordered the vessels to be stopped and hauled up. The House of Representatives, on receipt of the above report, passed a resolve that the committees had done rightly, and directed them to allow the vessels mentioned to return to Nantucket with such necessaries as they could procure, provided that each master of a vessel bound himself in a sum equal to the value of the vessel and cargo, to sail directly for Nantucket and there land the cargo for the use of the inhabitants of the island of Nantucket, and not to dispose of it for any other purpose.^ [1776. J The usual Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety was chosen by the three towns in 1776. A committee was ^McKeen, MS. Lecture. ^Rec. of Provincial Congress, 1775, Foi. 31, p. 125. ^Rec. of General Court, Vol. 33, p. 306. MILITARY IIIbTORY OF TBE THREE TOWNS. 685 also chosen in Brunswick to petition the General Court for a barrel of gunpowder, as they were " very poorly provided with arms and am- munition, and their coast was very niuch exposed," etc. The com- missary general of the colony was ordered by the General Court to deliver the amount asked for to Mr. Samuel Stanwood, he to pay for it at the rate of five shillings a pound, i At a meeting of the militia and other inhabitants of Harpswell, " Including the Laram List of the first Company in Harpswell, assem- bled According to Order of Court Duly Notified and Met on the first Day of April, 1776," Lieutenant-Colonel Nathaniel Purinton was chosen moderator, and Andrew Dunning, clerk. Mr. Nehemiah Cur- tis was then chosen captain, Benjamin Dunning, first lieutenant, and Michael Curtis, second lieutenant of the militia. At a meeting of the town of Brunswick, held Maj' 31, it was unani- mously agreed to support Congress should that body make a Declara- tion of Independence. This j^ear Robert Patten was chosen captain of the Topsham militia. His commission was dated July 1 , just three days before the Declara- tion of Independence, and was granted hy the " King's Council of the Colony of Massachusetts Baj'." Some time this j'ear a picaroon, commanded bj- one Hammon, visited an island in Harpswell, which was inhabited by a single family onlj-, and with a crew of seven men rifled them of their eflects in the night, intending to rest there until day. Receiving information of this attack. Captain Nehemiah Curtis rallied a party, and before morning captured the boat and crew, and carrying the latter to Portland, lodged them in the countj' jail. Hammon managed, through falsehood, to get at liberty, and immediately went to the same island with a larger vessel and crew. Here Curtis and his volunteers again met him, and in the skirmish that followed, one of the miscreants was wounded and the others hurriedly withdrew.^ [1777. J Twenty-two men went to Boston from Brunswick in 1777, for service in the continental army. The town of Brunswick voted this year to make provision for the families of those men who were in the continental service. [1778. J In April of this year John Dunning, Ephraim Graffam, Michael Growse, "William Spear, Jr., and William Skolfield, of Bruns- wick, went into the continental service, and were sent to Peekskill. Harpswell also furnished five men, and Topsham four, at this time.^ ' Rec. of General Court, Vol. 35, p. 71. 2 Williamson, 2, p. 429. ^McKeen, MS. Lecture. 086 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. Not far from this time, probabh', an American sloop of war came into Harpswell for recruits. Quite a number of young men enlisted, among them Marlboro' Sylvester, David Johnson, and Abner Bishop. Sylvester enlisted as a clerk. Each received a pension after the war. Some time this j'ear the privateer Sea Flower, Captain Tracy, sailed from Newliurj'port and was never heard from. She had among her complement of men, John Skolfield, Captain John Campbell, Eben Stauwood, William Stanwood, David Stanwood, John Black, William Reed, William Hunt, David Stanwood, Jr., and James Dunning, all from this vicinity. The privateer Sturdy Beggar sailed about the same time with John Reed, Thomas Wier, and perhaps others from this vicinitj', whose fate was never ascertained. ^ [1779. J Four prisoners — when and where taken is unknown — were quartered upon the town some time in 1779, and Captains Dun- lap and Thompson, Lieutenant Berry, and Mr. John Dunning were paid for the care of them. This j-ear the Penobscot or "Bagaduce" expedition was begun. On July 3, 1779, the following order ^ was issued : — - '• Major Lareabee, " Sir : I have orders to rase a Regement out of mjr Brigade to go to peuobscot in order to Dislodge the Enemy there, 1 do therefore appoint you Second major of Said Regement and expect j'ou will hold 3'ourself In Readj'ness to march at the shortest notice. rt\J (/W^^^'^^ ' To Major Nathl. Lakrabeb." Id addition to Larrabee's companj-. Captain Actor Patten's com- pany from Topsham were in this expedition and engaged in the first fight. Captain iSTehemiah Curtis also headed a company of men from Brunswick and Harpswell, and went to Portland and were placed under the command of Colonel Mitchell. Some of the men never received any paj-.^ ' [Captain Hinkley also had a company in this expedition. He was killed while standing upon a large rock cheering on his men,* and the command devolved upon James Potter, 2d. [1780. J The General Court in 1780 called for a supply of beef ' P^epscot Papers. ^ From the original order. ^McKeev, MS. Lecture. ^ History of Castine, p. 41, note. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 687 for the needs of the army, and a committee was chosen by the town of Brunswick to obtain the amount required to be furnished by that town. As there was great difficulty in obtaining the requisite quan- tity of beef in this vicinity, the selectmen were authorized by the town to give money in lieu of what they might be unable to obtain, provided it was equally acceptable to the General Court. This year, by a resolve passed December 2, the General Court made a requisition on the town of Brunswick for its quota of men for the armJ^ [1781. J On the ninth of January, 1781, the town of Brunswick elected a committee to divide the town into classes or divisions in order to procure the men called for by a resolve of the General Court of December 2, 1780. At a meeting of the town held three days later, this vote was reconsidered, and a committee was chosen to procure the men called for as best they could. The action of this meeting appears, however, not to have been satisfactory, for at a subsequent meeting, held January 15. the method of classifying the town was again adopted, and it was voted " to choose a committee of one man out of each class to join in the whole as a committee, to pro- cure a man for the deficient class or classes ; that is to say, those that have not procured by the 19th inst. said deficient classes, to apply to said committee by said 19th daj', and the cost of procuring the whole number of men to be averaged on the whole town, as also all defi- ciencies or penalties accruing thereon ; that if any class being deficient shall neglect to applj' to said committee by said 19th day, such class shall bear the penaltj- of the law." The town was divided into ten classes, and one member of the committee was chosen from each class. The committee were directed to meet immediately and adopt such measures as they should think best. The selectmen were also directed " to consider such as have done service for the town this present war and report at the next March meeting." [1782. J About the year 1782, though probably somewhat earlier,i but still towards the close of the war, a daring and succesful exploit was performed by the patriotic inhabitants of Great Sebascodigan Island. For some years previously, several small schooners, acting as " tenders" to the English war vessels, had infested the waters of Casco Bay, landing at defenceless places and robbing the farmers and preying upon the fishermen. The inhabitants at last, incensed by these maraudings, resolved to retaliate. Knowing that the crew of one of these vessels often came to Condy's to trade and to have a 1 McKeen dates the occurrence in 1776. MS. Lecture; also Pejepscot Papers. 688 msTosT of brvnswick, topsham, and eabfswell. carousal at a store kept by a Mrs. Eastman (a noted Tory), they decided to capture the vessel and crew. Accordingly, not many weeks elapsed before one day, late in the evening, notice was passed around that the Picaroon, commanded by one Linnacum, a Scotchman, was at Condy's, and for all who were willing to engage in the enterprise to meet at the house of Colonel Nathaniel Purinton, at ten o'clock, p. m., to organize for an attack. Thirtj' men responded to the notice, armed with such weapons as they could command, and made choice of Colonel Purinton as their com- mander. Upon arriving at Condy's Harbor, they found the enemj' had departed. Though disappointed, thej' did not give up, but deter- mined to fullow'in pursuit. A few of the men now left, but the others at once went on board a fishing-vessel called the Shavingmill, owned by Isaac Snow, Esquire. It was an open boat of about eight tons, fitted with sails and oars. Esquire Snow consented to the use of his boat and volunteered to go with them. At two o'clock in the morning they started in pursuit, having a light easterly wind and being obliged to use the oars. "When off Small Point they exchanged the Shavingmill for the schooner America, of about fourteen tons, and parti}' decked over. They left two of the crew, who showed symptoms of cowardice, to take charge of the small boat, and again put to sea with eighteen men. At sunrise they sighted the Picaroon in the offing near Seguin Island, chasing a coaster laden with lime in the hold and cord wood on deck, which was bound from Thomaston to Portland. The Picaroon captured and transferred her guns, two " three-poimder " swivels, with her other effects, to this coaster, and mounted the guns on the outer tier of wood and threw the middle tier overboard, thus leaving a good breastwork. During the time of these preparations the America was fast coming up, and when about three miles distant the English began to fire at her with their swivels. Colonel Purinton ordered his men to keep out of sight and not to fire a gun without orders. When within pistol- shot he ordered them to rise and fire by sections as quickh* as possible. He instructed the sailing-master to strike the coaster on the quarter and at once make fast the two vessels. These orders were faithfuU}' carried out, and about three o'clock the privateers boarded the enemy's vessel and found only two men on deck, one of whom was dead and the other shot through the knee. The others, seven in number, had gone below and were calling for quarter. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. (i89 Shepherd, the man who was killed, a few moments before ho was shot, was warned not to expose himself to the fire of the Yankees, but replied, " I '11 be damned if I '11 dodge at the flash of a Yankee gun ! " He fell, shot through the heart. He was at the hebn at the time. He was from Halifax, and was buried on a point of land at Condy's Har- bor, which is now known as Shepherd's Point. Colonel Purinton started for Condy's Harbor with his two prizes, eight prisoners, two swivels, and some ammunition, and arrived there at eleven o'clock in the evening, having been absent twenty hours. The prisoners, who were mostly Tories, were sent to Portland under guard. Those engaged in this expedition were. Colonel Nathaniel Purinton, commander; Josiah Totman, sailing master; Isaac Snow, second oflScer ; and Henry Merritt, Elisha Snow, John Snow, Stephen Purinton, Elisha Hopkins, Peter Birthright, Nathaniel Hall, Joseph Hall, Abraham Toothaker, a Mr. Dolf, with four others, whose names are unknown. Stephen Purinton was then only about nineteen years of age. His share of the prize money was twenty dollars. Of the two swivels, one was given to the Parsonfield Academy, about 1837, and the other was burst while firing a salute, July 4, 1869.1 [1783. J During the year 1783 a letter was received in Brunswick from the Committee of Correspondence at Boston, desiring to know the feeling of the town in regard to allowing the return to their homes of refugees and conspirators. The subject was discussed at town- meeting, and it was unanimously voted " That they ought never to be suffered to return, but to be excluded from having lot or portion in any of the United States of America." This is the last recorded action of either of the towns having immediate reference to the period of the Eevolution. MILITIA COMPANIES. The exact time of the formation of any of the militia companies, subsequent to the Revolution, is not known. In 1788 the First Regi- ment of the First Brigade and Fourth Division of the Massachusetts Militia mustered for the first time where the Bath Hotel, in Bath, now stands. John Lemont, of Bath, was colonel, and John Reed, of Tops-- ham, lieutenant-colonel of this regiment*. On the twentv-nirith of July, 1794, the town of Brunswick voted to give each man that should enlist and equip himself as instructed by 1 The foregoing account is that given by Stephen Purinton, aparticipant in the affair, to his son Stephen, and furnished us by the latter. 44 690 ' HISTORY OF BSVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. the commander-in-chief, " so much as will make up, with what the United States give, ten dollars per month from the time he marches till he shall be discharged." It was also voted to paj-- each man that passed muster four dollars as a bounty. This call for troops was occasioned by Indian hostilities in the West. TOPSHAM MILITIA COMPANIES. The first Topsham militia company was formed, probably, prior to 1753. The earliest date given in the records of the company is November, 1795, but the traditionary account is that it was organized earlier than this. The roster of its officers in 1795 was as follows : — Captain, Alexander Eogers ; first lieutenant, Steele Foster; en- sign, David Patten ; sergeants, William Graves, James Fulton, Thomas Hunter, Daniel Graves; corporals, John Jameson, Richard Knowles, John Ripley, Robert Malcolm ; fifer, David Reed ; drum- mer, Joseph Foster, 2d. The train band consisted of about fiftj' members. The first training that is mentioned in the records was had November 16, 1795. In 1805 the company numbered fifty-eight, rank and file. In 1808 it numbered sixtj'-one, rank and file. Nothing of especial interest is recorded concerning this company, except that on June 20, 1814, an alarm was given, and the company marched to Bath and remained there two daj-s. Inspections and reviews probably occurred each year, though they were not always made matters of record. It is said that this company was a very large one, and became disorganized at one time by elect- ing, in sport, unfit men for oflScers. At length the commanding gen- eral had to appoint competent oflHcers, and Captain John Wilson, being placed in command, brought the company up to a proper standard. The Topsham Aktillert Company was formed in Maj', 1804, although no records of an earlier date than 1818 have been found. A muster-roll of the companj' has been preserved bearing date September 29, 1814. At that time it belonged to the First Brigade and Eleventh Division of the Militia of Massachusetts, and was called into service and stationed at Bath. The company was commaiided at the time by Captain Nathaniel Walker, numbered thirty-four, all told, and was in service from September 10 to 29, with the exception of three unfit for duty, four not notified, and ten on detached duty in forts, etc. According to traditionary accounts, Daniel Holden was the first cap- MILITARY mSTOBT OF THE THREE TOWNS. 691 tain, Stephen Bradford the lieutenant, and John Holland the first ensign. The bj'-laws of the company were adopted May, 1818. These bj'-laws required an annual meeting of the company on the first Tuesday of May. The uniform was a blue coat, white ker- sej-merc vest and pantaloons, black sword-belt, half-gaiters, neck- cloth faced, bound, and welted with red, Bonaparte hat, black cockade, and red plume. The orderly sergeant was required to have one gun fired and the colors hoisted at sunrise on all days of public parade, and to marshal the music at least one hour pre-vdous to the roll-call, and to march with it through the several streets of the village to the gun-house. On the decease of any member the companj- wei'e required to attend the funeral under arms. To these b^^-laws some penal laws were annexed. By a brigade order, not dated, but probably of date 1819, the uni- form of non-commissioned officers and privates was to be " a short blue coat, trimmed with red worsted cord, gilt buttons, short buttons, small round hats or caps with a front piece ornamented with a gilt eagle, black plumes, tipped with red, red waist-belts." The hostlers were to wear " gray coats trimmed with red worsted cord, and white vests " ; the rest of their uniform to be the same as that of the privates. In 1823 the company voted that the alteration in their uniform " should consist of red morocco belts or leather painted red, to go over the shoulders and round the waist, a new round felt hat with small rim, large new frontispiece, and round cockade." In 1824, Joseph Swett was appointed adjutant, and David Scribner, both of Topsham, quarteiinaster of the battalion. In 1831 the company voted, '''ihat the officers should be ex- cused from furnishing way ardent spirit, on any occasion, for the company, and that the officers should pay four dollars to the benefit of said company, annually, for being thus excused." The last entry in the records was made May 2, 1846, and the disbandment of the compan3' occurred May 19, 1851. The arms of the company were two brass four-pounders. Until the gun-house was built the.y were kept in Mr. James Wilson's barn. After the disbandment of the company they were sent to the Portland arsenal, and the gun-house was sold. In 1836 the selectmen, in accordance with a law passed a short time previously, defined the limits of the two companies of infantrj'. The dividing line was Main Street and its continuance over Cathance River to Bowdoin. All west of this line was to be the Kmits of the 692 lUSTORY OF BUVNSWICK, TOFSIIAM, AND IIAIiPSWELL. company coinmanded by Lieutenant Alvali Jameson, and all east to be the limits of the company commanded by Captain Holman Staples. BRUNSWICK MILITIA COMPANIES. The Brtjnswick Light Infantry was organized in Maj-, 1804. Its officers were Tliomas S. Estabrook, captain ; Caleb Gushing, first lieutenant ; and Robert D. Dunning, second lieutenant. The records of the company have not been found, and consequently but little is known of their doings. In 1825, Saturday, June 25, LaFajette made his visit to Portland, and this companj-, under the command of Cap- tain John A. Dunning, attended to assist in escort duty, and were received hy the Portland Rifle Companj-. Thej^ celebrated their thirt3'-eighth anniversary' on the seventeenth of June, 1842. Shortlj- after this time this company became disorganized, but on July 21, 1854, it was reorganized under the title of " D Compan}- Light In- fantiy," and the following officers were chosen at that time : John A. Cleaveland, captain ; Andrew T. Campbell, first lieutenant ; Charles Pettingill, second lieutenant ; John H. Humphreys, third, and John P. Owen, fourth lieutenant. This company turned out June 27, 1855, for target practice, and William R. Field, Jr., got tlie prize for being the best marksman. The prize was a silver cup. The company had its first annual parade and inspection on the thirtieth of May preceding. On September of the next year, 1856, the company attended muster in Bath, and about August 7, 1857, it disbanded. The Brunswick and Topsham Rifle Company was organized in 1821. No records have been preserved of this company, and nothing is known of its doings. A. B. Thompson was the first captain. In 1806 and 1807 three other infantry companies and an artillerj- companj' were formed. One of these infantrj- companies was com- manded bj' Captain Joseph Dusten, and had its headquarters at Ma- quoit. The village companj' was under command of Captain Richard T. Dunlap. The New Meadows company was commanded by Captain Peter Jordan, who died in Maj', 1876, the last surviving member of the companj-. Early in 1807, Samuel Page and others petitioned the proper authorities for the organization of an Artillery Comeany. In compliance with the wish expressed in this petition, a brigade order was issued, directing the proper steps to be taken for the accomplish- ment of this object, and Mr. Lemuel Swift was directed " to raise a com- pany of artillery out of the foot companies of the town of Brunswick, by voluntary- enlistment." The company was at once organized, and Peter O. Alden was chosen as its first captain. He is said to have pro- MILITARY mUTORY OF THE THREE TOWN'S. 093 cured the first'bass drum ever brought to town. This company had two six pounder brass guns in its gun-house on Centre Street. In addition to the above companies there was a eavalrj' company, of .which a few members belonged in Brunswick and Topsham, and others in Lisbon and Durham. Captain Jack, of Litchfield, was the com- manding officer, and a ISIr. Baker of Topsham was the lieutenant. HART'SWELL MILITIA COMPANIES. There were, about 1812, two infantr}- companies in Harpswell, which were organized about 1776. The Harpswell Neck company was commanded, in 1812, by Captain David Johnson, and Peleg Cur- tis was the lieutenant. The Harpswell Island company was com- manded by Captain .Stephen Snow, and Paul Snow was the lieutenant. In 1832, Isaiah S. Trufant was chosen captain of the island companj-, in place of John M. Puiinton, and Humphrey Snow ensign, in place of Eli Hodgdon.i In 1835 the selectmen defined the limits of the companies of militia as follows : The limits of Captain Hudson Merryman's company were all that part of Great Island northwest of a line drawn from Long Eeach to Strawberry Creek, together with Orr's, Bailej's. Haskell's, Flag, Whaleboat, and Birch Islands, and the Neck. The limits of Captain John M. Purinton's company were all that part of Great Island southeast of a line drawn from Long Eeach to Strawberry Creek. In 183G, Simeon Stover, 2d, commanded the first-mentioned, and Isaiah Trufant the last-named companj-. THE "WAR OF 1812, AND ANTECEDENT PREPARATIONS. As early as 1804 a feeling of hostility against Great Britain was engendered in this vicinitj- by the impressment of sailors, and was displayed by the formation of military companies and other military preparations. All of the Brunswick companies went to Bath during the war of 1812, and served for a short period. There were one or two British vessels there, and the soldiers from them used occasionally to land and commit depredations, until General King called out the militia. There were in all three hundred and twenty men from Brunswick on duty at Bath. One of the regiments on service in this war, in the division of Gen- 1 Harpswell Banner, 1832. 694 BISTORT OF BRVNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND BASPSWELL. eral King, was commanded by Colonel Abel Merrill, of Topsham, an efficient and accomplished officer. In HarpsTvell, at this time, a fort was built commanding the entrance of New Meadows River. A few soldiers were stationed in it to inters cept the boats carrj-ing supplies to the English vessels outside. Orders were given to have every boat or vessel report at the fort in passing in or out, and to sink every boat neglecting to report after the usual warning. Some of the fishermen thought these orders were too strict, and said they would not report to the guard if he sunk their boats. One of these men, named Dingley, being bound out on a short fishing cruise, attempted to pass the guard when ordered to report, but was fired at, and his boat hit. It began to fill, and he barely made out to reach the shore with it. This put a stop to the boats running that fort. The guard's name was Setli Wilson. Oq one occasion during the war, James Sinnett, of Bailey's Island, then a young man twenty-three jears of age, with two brothers younger than himself, went out fishing. While engaged in this pur- suit they saw a large vessel approaching which they thought to be American. When she came within hailing distance, thej' asked her name, and were told she was the Essex, an American man-of-war. Young Sinnett and his brothers then came alongside, and, bj- invita- tion, went aboard. When they reached the deck they were asked to go into the cabin and see the captain. 'I hey did so, and were informed by him that thej- were aboard the English man-of-war The Rattler, and that the3- were his prisoners ! He however assured them that he should do them no harm, and should hold them captive only for a few weeks. He said his object in making them prisoners was to obtain the use of their fishing craft to reconnoitre the coast without suspicion. Accordinglv he put twenty of his men aboard Sinnett's boat with instructions to cruise about the bays and rivers in the vicinity, and to report to him any discoveries which thej- made. At the end of a week they returned, and Sinnett and his brothers were discharged. During their captivity they were kindly treated and well fed. At the time the British men-of-war were in the Kennebec River, and the division of militia were ordered out by General King, Captain Johnson, of the Harpswell company, notified his men to prepare quickly to march to Bath. After consultation, however, with some of the residents of Bailey's Island, Captain Johnson decided to leave on that island, as a guard, all the able-bodied men of his command who resided there. This was done on account of this island being particularly exposed to the danger of attacks from the enemy's cruis- MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 695 ers, which were hovering about the coast all the time. Accordingly, while Captain Johnson and the rest of his company went to Bath, the Bailey's Island men, under command of Captain James Siunett, kept guard night and day on their own ground. Before Captain Johnson's return. Captain Sinnett noticed a small coaster standing in by Small Point, closely pursued by a schooner. The coaster came in between Pond and Ram Islands, and the schooner, not daring to follow, manned a barge to continue the pur- suit. They both came into Water Cove, and the crew of the barge were about to board the coaster, when Captain Sinnett sent a man — John Ham, of Bowdoin, who was stopping temporarily on the island — to hail the barge. Ham did hail, and asked the commander what he wanted. The reply was, "The coasting sloop." " You can't have her," answered Ham, "and we will give you a reasonable time to leave, or we will sink your barge." Upon this the commander of the barge quietly drew off. Mr. Jonathan Johnson was very anxious to fire upon the intruders, but was prevented from doing so by his officers, i Nothing further has been obtained in regard to the participation of these towns in this war, except the Hst of soldiers engaged in it, which will be found in the Appendix. After the close of this war the military spirit was still kept alive, and the companies did not any of them disband for several years. The different towns also took care to see that a stock of ammunition was kept on hand, and the town of Brunswick in 1816 authorized the selectmen to build a new powder-house, at an expense of one hundred and fifty dollars. In 1825, Captain John C. Humphreys was chosen lieutenant-colonel of the Second Eegiment, First Brigade, Fourth Division of State Militia, and Joseph Demeritt was appointed quartermaster. In 1829, Major Andrew Dennison was elected colonel, and Captain John A. Dunning major, of this same regiment. They were all Brunswick men. The Mechanic Volunteers, of Brunswick, was organized in 1836. Who the first officers were is unknown. In 1843, John A. Cleaveland was elected captain, George S. Elliot, lieutenant, and William K. Melcher, ensign. Musters for review and parade were of almost annual occurrence in these towns in former times. The earliest one known to have taken place was in Brunswick in 1809. It was a brigade review. Similar ' Narrated by Captain SinnetC himself, who is still living upon the island. 696 inSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAIiPHWELL. inspections were held in Brunswick almost everjr year up to 1825, when it was held at Bath. In 1829 the Brunswick Light Infantry Company and the Eifle Company were notified to appear for duty, Jul}' 4, probably for escort dutj-, and a dinner was given them at the Tontine Hotel. September 21, 1836, the Second Regiment of First Brigade and Fourth Division was inspected in Brunswick, and on September 14, 1842, the annual inspection and review of all the mili- tary in this vicinity took place there. The line was formed on Maine Street in the morning, and about half past ten the line of march was taken up for the parade ground, about a mile from the village on the river road. It was stated in the papers at that time that the light infantrj' and volunteers of Brunswick and the rifle companies of Tops- ham and Durham deserved especial notice "for their neat uniforms and good discipline." In 1844 there was a muster, on the twentj'-third of September, of the First Brigade of the Fourth Division and attached independent companies, and this is the last occurrence of the kind in this vicinitj', so far as known, prior to 1861. At a muster which occurred on September 25, 1822, some difficulty arose in regard to the proper place in the line for certain companies. The trouble culminated iu a court-martial.'- Burlesque Mustees. — In 1836 the law required all persons tem- porarily sojourning in a place, who were liable to military dutj', to turn out for a general muster in Maj". That year the students of Bowdoin College being warned to appear, and not wishing to refuse to obey a legal summons, but disliking the dutj', appeared in fantastic and gro- tesque costumes. They appeared in the same manner in 1837, and although the obnoxious law was soon repealed, the custom was kept up by the students for many years, a burlesque " May training" hav- ing occurred as late as 1856. BRUNSWICK ISr THE WAR OF THE KEBELLIO^T. When the Third Maine Regiment passed through Brunswick in 1861, on its way to the seat of war, a salute was fired and a collation pro- vided. 1 hat town was zealous in its support of the national govern- ment, and not only voted this year $1,500- to pay the expenses of recruiting, clothing, and fitting out volunteers from the town, but also voted to pay each volunteer " a sum sufl9cient, with what is paid by government, to equal twenty dollars per month during the time thej' ' Owing to the size this volume has already attained, it is found necessaii/ to omit tlie account of this trial. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 697 may be in the public service," and appropriated $5,000 for the support of the families of those who enlisted. At the annual meeting In 1862, the town of Brunswick voted to furnish assistance to the families of such of the inhabitants as were in the service of their country, either in the army or navy, and to those who should thereafter engage in such service, to such amount as pro- vided for by an Act of the legislature, so long as they should continue in the service. The treasurer was authorized to borrow $6,000 for the purpose. The town also voted to guarantee the payment to each and every volunteer, who enlisted under the last call for troops, or who should enlist by the fourth day of August, in either of the regiments . of the State which were then in the field or in either of the new regi- . ments to be formed, and who should be actually mustered into the service of the United States as one of the quota of the town under the recent call for troops, one hundred dolkrs over and above the boun- ties offered by the State and the United States, to be paid at the time of being mustered in. This time was afterwards extended. The town also voted to hire $5,200 for the above purpose, and a rallying com- mittee of thirt3--three was chosen to induce enlistments. Though the lai'ge majority of the citizens of Brunswick were intensely lo3'al, there were some lukewarm ones and a few " Southern sympathizers," who apparentlj' desired to see the Southern Confederacj' firmly estab- lished. One of these individuals was said to have given encourage- ment to the Confederates by his letters, and the case was made known through the public press. To show the sentiment of the town, the following resolutions were passed at this meeting : — " TF7ie)-eas, W. S. Lindsey, a member of the British Parliament, is reported to have stated in his place in that bodj' that he had lately received a letter from a ' citizen of strong Union feeling in Brunswick, in the State of Maine, expressing his hope for British intervention in the contest now going on,' "Therefore, Resolved^ That the citizens of this town will spare no pains to discover and ascertain whether this declaration thus made by a member of Parliament is a fabrication, or whether we really have among us such a black-hearted hypocrite, traitor, and knave, as could thus seek to add the calamity of a foreign war to our present distresses. '■'■Resolved, That we need something more than such a naked declaration to convince us that there is in our midst such a com- pound of the villain and the fool ; but if it should prove that there is, be it further " Resolved, That we will purge the fair fame of our town by con- 698 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND UJRPSWELL. signing him to the deserved punishment of all traitors, whenever he shall be discovered. ''■Resolved unanimously, That the citizens of this town abhor the idea of foreign interference in the affairs of the Republic. That we will alwaj-s resist, to the utmost of our power, the intervention of an}- monarch or potentate whatever against our government, and that we hold in utter detestation the fiend or fool who would seek to bring such a thing about. " Resolved, That Brunswick is no home for traitors, and that if any lurk here pretending to be men ' of strong Union feelings,' while secretlj' sj'mpathizing with the rebels in arms against our government, thejr had better remove before they are discovered. " Voted, That a copy of the above resolves be signed by the mod- erator and clerk of this meeting and be sent, one to the Honorable Freeman H. Morse, and one to the Honorable Charles F. Train at London, and that a copj' be sent for publishment in the Portland Press, Boston Journal, and the Brunswick Telegraph." At a special meeting, held August 23, the town voted to guarantee to each volunteer who should enlist in any of the nine months' regi- ments, between that date and the time fixed for a draft, the sum of twenty dollars, to be paid when such person has been accepted by the governor as a part of the quota of the town. It was also voted to hire nine hundred and twenty dollars for the above-named purpose, and a committee was chosen to solicit subscriptions for a volunteer fund, to make up the sum of fift}'' dollars to each volunteer. At another meeting, held August 30, the town voted an additional sum of eighty dollars for nine months' volunteers, making a total of one hundred dollars. It was also voted to hire $3,680 for this purpose. [1863. J At the March meeting in 1863, the towns voted to furnish aid to the families of persons in the service of the national govern- ment, either in the army or navj', to the extent allowed by the law of the State, and to such an amount as the State had agreed or might hereafter agree to refund to the town. The treasurer was directed to hire for this purpose, as a temporary loan, |6,000. At a special meeting, held August 17, the selectmen were directed to pay each drafted man who was, in person or by substitute, mustered into the United States service, a bounty of three hundred dollars. Payment was to be made as soon as practicable after such drafted man or substitute had been mustered into service. It was also voted to hire $20,000 for this purpose. At a special meeting, held November 21, the town voted to pay two hundred and fifty dollars each to volunteers credited as part of MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 699 the quota of the town, under the call of the President, dated October 17, 18G3. It was also voted to hire $14,000 for this purpose. On December 1, an additional bounty of fifty dollars was voted, which brought the whole up to three hundred dollars. Voted to hire $2,800 for the additional bouutj'. [1861. J At the annual meeting of the town in 1864, it was voted that the debt of the town incurred in raising money for the paj-- ment of bounties, and expenses connected therewith, should be funded as authorized by the Act of February 20, 1864, and that bonds there- for should be issued in such sums as the selectmen and town treasurer deemed most for the interest of the town. The bonds to be payable after three, and not exceeding twenty j-ears, at the pleasure of the town, with coupons attached, bearing j'early interest not exceeding six per cent, paj-able semiannually. The selectmen and treasurer were authorized to issue such bonds to the amount of $35,000. The town also, at this meeting, voted aid to the families of'soldiers as heretofore, and to borrow $7,000 for the purpose. At a special meeting, held August 8, the selectmen were authorized to expend a sum not exceeding twenty-flve dollars per man, of the town's proportion of troops required bj'^ the call of July 18, 1864, in paying recruiting agents and other necessary expenses of procuring enlistments. It was also voted to pay each recruit raised to fill the quota of the town, under the last-mentioned call, such bounty as the recruit might be entitled to receive from the State, according to the terms of General Order, No. 27, issued from the adjutant-general's oflRce, July 20, 1864, said bounty to be reimbursed to the town from the State treasury agreeably to the provisions of Chapter 227, of the laws of 1864. It was also voted to hire $1,550 for recruiting pur- poses and $12,000 for pa3-ing bounties. At another meeting, held August 15, a bounty of five hundred dol- lars for three years' men, four hundred dollars for two years' men, and three hundred dollars for one year's men, was voted to enrolled men fur- nishing substitutes, under the call of July 18, 1864. It was also voted to pay volunteers enlisting to fill the quota under said call the same sums as bounties as were paid to enrolled men furnishing substitutes, and to pay a bounty of three hundred dollars to men who may be drafted under that call. Voted to borrow $20,000 for the above pur- poses, and the selectmen were authorized to appoint recruiting agents to fill the quota of July 18, 1864. [1865. J At a special meeting, held February 11, 1865, the town voted to raise $1 ,300, to be expended in paying the expenses of recruit- 700 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIJM, AND IIARPSWELL. ing to fill the town's quota of troops, under the call of December 19, 1864. It was also voted to pay each volunteer, each enrolled man furnishing a substitute, and each drafted man entering the service of the United States in person or by substitute, three hundred dollars for one 3'ear, four hundred dollars for two years, and five hundred dollars for three j'ears. An additional bounty of fifty dollars was also voted to each veteran volunteer who had served at least two j-ears and had been honorably discharged, and twenty-five dollars to each volunteer who had served at least nine months. The town voted to rai^e $25,000 for the above bounties. At the annual town-meeting this j-ear, it was voted to aid the families of soldiers and sailors as heretofore, and $7,000 was raised for the purpose. TOPSHAM IN THE WAll OF THE EEBELLION. The earliest reference to this war found in the town records is dated Maj' 1, 1861. At a special meeting of the town held at this time, the selectmen were authorized to make proper provision for the support of the families of all persons having a legal residence in town, who might enlist in accordance with an Act of the kState, passed at the extra session of the legislature, and approved April 25, 1801, during their absence from tlie State, and whose families might stand in need of assistance, and the selectmen were authorized to borrow the monej'' necessary for the purpose, or to assess the town therefor. It was also at this meeting voted to pay all persons who volunteered their services to the government, eight dollars per month while they were away on dutj'. [1862.] At the annual meeting in 1862, the selectmen were author- ized to raise money for the support of the families of volunteers. At a meeting held July 26 the town voted to give a bounty of one hundred dollars over and above the bounties paid by the State and the United States, for each volunteer who had enhsted "under the last call for troops," or who might enlist up to the time of drafting (dating from Julj' 26, 1862), in either of the regiments of the State that was alreadj- in the field, or that should be formed, provided he was finally accepted and mustered into the service of the United States as one of tlie quota of the town, under the recent call for troops. The selectmen were also authorized to hire $1,800 for the purpose, or so much of that sum as might be necessary. There being some question as to whether this action of the town would be legalized by the legislature, fortj'-six citizens pledged them- selves, to the amount of fifty dollars each, to indemnify the selectmen if the doings of the town were not legalized. MILITARY IIISIORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 701 At a meeting of the to-wn held August 29 it was Totcd to pay a bountj- of one hundred dollars to each volunteer who would enlist in the service of the United States, under a call from the President for 300,000 men for nine months, and it was also voted to raise $2,500 for the purpose, or so much thereof as might be necessary. Sixty-five citizens pledged themselves to indemnify the selectmen in the sum of fifty dollars each, should the action of the town not be legalized by the legislature. At a meeting held December 6 the town voted to reimburse all those citizens who had subscribed money for volnnteers. The town also at this meeting voted to raise three hundred dollars for the needj' fami- lies of soldiers. [1863. J At the annual meeting in 1863 the town voted to raise seven hundred dollars to be paid as bounties for soldiers. At a meeting held Jul}- 18 it was voted to pay drafted men, or those who provided substitutes, three hundred dollars each. At a meeting of the town, August 27, the selectmen were author- ized to pay drafted men, or those who provided substitutes, three hun- dred dollars each, and to procure a loan for the purpose, not exceed- ing $5,000, for a term of j-ears, and bearing interest annuallj'. At a meeting held November 7, it was voted to pa}' each volunteer one hundred dollars, whether new recruit or veteran. The treasurer was authorized to raise by loan sufficient money to pav this bounty for a number not exceeding twenty-one volunteers. At a meeting on December 2, it was voted to paj- two hundred dol- lars more in addition to the one hundred dollars voted in November for volunteers. The treasurer was authorized to borrow a sum not exceeding $6,300 for this purpose. [1864.] At a meeting held January 6, the selectmen were in- structed to raise a sum of money, not to exceed $1,000, for the purpose of obtaining and paj-ing volunteers, and tliey were also instructed to take such measures as in their judgment seemed best to fill the quota of the town. In August it was voted to pay a bounty of five hundred dollars to enrolled men furnishing substitutes previous to the draft under the last call (July 18, 1864) of the President of the United States for 500,000 men for three years, to pay a bounty of four hundred dollars to those furnishing substitutes for two j-ears, and to pay a bounty of three hundred dollars to those furnishing substitutes for one year, to be paid after the substitutes were accepted and mustered into service on the quota of the town under said call. The selectmen were also 702 HISTORY OF BIWNSWIGK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. authorized and directed to pay volunteers, enlisting to fill the quota of the town under said call, the same sums as bounties, for the same periods as are before stated, and to pay a bounty of three hundred dollars to men who might be drafted under said call, to be paid after such volunteers and drafted men were accepted and mustered into service on the quota of the town under said call. The selectmen were also authorized and directed to paj- to men drafted under said call, and furnishing substitutes, the same sums as bounties, for the same periods as before stated, to be paid after such substitutes were accepted and mustered into service on the quota of the town. It was voted to raise by loan $15,000 for this purpose. [1865. J At a special meeting, held January 21, 1865, to see if the town would vote to accept the surplus men alreadj' enlisted and take measures to pay them, it was voted to accept them, and that the money raised August 17, 1864, be appropriated to pay the men so far as was necessary. The selectmen were authorized to take such action as thej"^ deemed best to provide men and means in case of another call, which was then anticipated. At the annual meeting, the town voted that the selectmen be author- ized to raise $5,000 to be expended in raising men for the govern- ment. [1867. J At the annual meeting this year, the selectmen were authorized to raise a sum not exceeding $10,000, at not more than seven and three tenths per cent interest, to meet the liabilities of the town. It was also voted to fund the town debt and issue bonds to the amount of the debt, payable, one fourth of the sum in five years, one fourth in ten years, one fourth in fifteen years, and one fourth in twentj' jears ; said bonds to bear six per cent interest, pajable semi- annuallj', and to be disposed of to the best advantage bj' the select- men as fast as necessary, to meet the liabilities of the town for its existing indebtedness. [1868. j At the annual meeting in 1868, the town voted that the sum to be raised to. fund the debt of the town, as authorized bj' the town in 1867, be limited to $20,000. HAEPSWELL IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. [1862. J The earliest action of the town of Harpswell having refer- ence to the late civil war was at a special meeting, held July 21 , 1862. At this meeting the town voted to raise money to induce men to enlist as volunteers in the army. They voted to raise $2,000, and pay each man who might enlist or be drafted one hundred dollars when mus- MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 703 tered into the service. A committee of four, namely, Albert T. Tru- fant, Lemuel H. Stover, Alexander Ewing, and Alcot S. Merrj-man, was chosen to procure the quota of men required from Harpswell, and to paj' the same their bountj'. The selectmen were also author- ized to furnish aid to families of volunteers at their discretion. There appears to have been a doubt as to the legality of the above action of the town ; and in order that the votes might be carried into effect, a number of prominent citizens signed a paper agreeing to indemaifj- the selectmen in case the action of the town was not legal- ized by the legislature of the State. The amount pledged was |3,270. On the fifth of September it was also voted to pay each man who should enlist into the United States service one hundred dollars as a bounty for him to enlist as one of the nine-months' men, under the call of the President, of August, 1862, and to continue paying it until the draft was commenced, unless their quota should be full before. The bounty was also to be extended to those enlisting in old regiments, if reckoned as a part of Harpswell's quota. It was also voted to extend aid to the families of those who enlisted, if in the opinion of the select- men any aid was needed. The selectmen were also chosen a commit- tee to solicit men to enlist and to pay the bounties. At a special meeting, held on September 12, it was voted to place the bounty at two hundred dollars per man, instead of one hundred, and the town treasurer was authorized to hire money for the purpose of paying these bounties. [1863.] Several town-meetings were held in 1863. At one, held on June 29, the town voted to raise three hundred dollars for each drafted man in Harpswell under the Conscription Act, and to place the monej'' in the hands of the selectmen to be used in pajing the bounty to those who were mustered into the United States service, or in furnishing substitutes, or in paj-ing fines for those who were liable to be mustered under said Act. The selectmen were authorized to hire the monej'^ for this purpose. At a subsequent meeting, held July 25, the above action of the town was reconsidered, and the article in the warrant under which the vote was passed was laid on the table. A vote was then passed similar to the foregoing, except that instead of paying cash, the selectmen were authorized to give " town orders" for the amounts, the orders to be on interest at six per cent, and to run for ten j-ears, or at the discretion of the town for a less period. At a meeting held October 6, David Webber and Sylvester Stover were elected a committee to hire money to take up the town orders. On November 7, Lemuel H. Stover was delegated to go to 704 mSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. Augusta and confer with the adjutant-general and governor, concern- ing an enlistment of non-residents, and also in regard to having the enrolment reduced. On November 24 it was voted to raise $8,250, to induce men to enlist to fill the town's quota of volunteers, under the call of the President, dated October 17, 1863. The selectmen were instructed to hire the money, and to pay each man two hundred and sevent3'-five dollars, or less, and if they could not fill the entire quota to obtain as many as they could. [1864.] On March 7, 1864, a special meeting was called to see what method the town would take to answer the call of the President, of February, 1864, for more men, and whether they would vote to raise monej' for bounties, etc. This article was "dispensed with," and the meeting adjourned. At a special meeting, held August 1, Lemuel H. Stover was chosen an agent to go to Augusta, and confer with the adjutant-general and governor as to the best method of fill- ing the quota of Ilarpswell under the call of the President, of July 18, for 500,000 volunteers. The meeting was adjourned to August 8, at which time it was voted to instruct the selectmen to issue to each enrolled man under the above call a town order of three hundred dollars when mustered into the service, the order to be on interest, and to be in addition to the State and United States bounties. The selectmen were also to appoint an agent to procure recruits, and it was voted to raise eight hundred and seventy-five dollars to pay the expenses of the agent. This vote to issue town orders for three hundred dollars was, however, rescinded at a meeting held August 25, and it was then voted to raise $15,000 by issue of town notes to that amount, payable in five j-ears (or at the option of the town in a less time) , the money to be disbursed bj' the agent as follows : Three hundred dollars to each man who should enlist or furnish a substitute for one year, four hundred dollars for two j-ears, and five hundred dollars for three years, under the call of the President, of July 18. [1865.J On Januarjr 17, 1865, the town voted that each enrolled man who enlisted upon the quota of Harps well, under the last call of the President, or any future call, should receive from the town the sum of three hundred dollars for one year, four hundred dollars for two j-ears, and five hundred dollars for three years, either in scrip or money, at the option of the selectmen ; and each enrolled person who might have, or should furnish, two hundred dollars for the procure- ,ment of a substitute to represent him, in the armj' or navy, upon the quota of Harpswell, under the last call, or any future call, should MILITARY mSTOEY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 705 receive from the town a sufficient sum for that purpose, either in scrip or monej', provided it did not exceed three hundred dollars for a one- year, four hundred dollars for a two-j-ears, or five hundred dollars for a three-j-ears substitute. L. H. Stover was chosen the agent to pro- cure substitutes and to expend the money. At a meeting held Feb- ruary 20, the town voted to receive recruits to fill their quota from those who were not enrolled. It was also voted to raise $5,000 in addition to the sum raised on the twenty -fifth day of August, 1864. At the annual March meeting, it was voted "that the selectmen and treasurer of the town of Harpswell be authorized and instructed to fund the war debt of the town of Harpswell, which has already- accrued, and also for what may be necessary to be raised to fill the remainder of the quota of the town under the last call of the Presi- dent, and issue town bonds with coupons attached, bearing six per cent semiannual interest. The funded debt not to exceed, under any circumstances, thirty thousand dollars, said bond to be given running not over twenty j'ears, and in such manner that at least fifteen hun- dred dollars of said bonds shall become due each successive j^ear." For a complete list of the volunteers, drafted men, and substitutes in the army or navy, from each town, the reader is referred to the Appendix. PART III BIOGEAPHICAL AND aENBALOGICAL. CHAPTER I. BIOGKAPHICAL. In the following pages will be found brief biographies of some of the prominent citizens of Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell, who are not now living. It is probable that the names of some who were deserving of special notice have been omitted, and that some of the sketches are briefer than might be deemed desirable. Jf such be the case, it is because we have not found or been furnished with the requisite information for such sketches. There has been no intentional injustice done or par- tiality shown. In writing these sketches we have depended upon the communications received from the friends of the parties, and from information obtained from such printed soui-ces as were accessible to us. Much assistance has been furnished by the flies of the Brunswick Telegraph, and in numerous cases we have not hesitated to make verbatim extracts from its columns. ABBOT, HONORABLE JACOB. Honorable Jacob Abbot was born in 1746. In 1767 he married Lydia Stevens, and moved to Wilton, New Hampshire, where he made a farm from the forest. About 1776 he sold his farm to his brother Joseph, and bought in the middle of the town, and traded in goods. He built the first mills on Souhegan River, in Wilton ; was employed in town business ; was the first representative to the General Court, and the first justice of the peace in the town; was Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, .and a Councillor of State. He moved to Andover, and assisted Honorable Samuel Phillips in his business, and was a trustee of Phillips Academy. In 1797 he moved to Concord, New Hampshire, traded in goods, and represented the town in the General Court for three years. In 1802 he moved to Hallowell, Maine. In 1803 he removed to Topsham, and in 1804 or 1805, to Brunswick. He was a useful member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin Col- lege, and a senator for the county of Cumberland in the legislature of 710 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. Maine. In the several offices which he sustained he was capable, faithful, and useful ; and in the several places in which he lived he was influential in promoting peace, good order, and prosperitj^. His mind was active, his perception quiclj, his memory prompt, his judgment sound, his disposition mild. He was facetious, affable, and benevolent, and had a fund of anecdote. Early impressed with a sense of right and wrong, he was upright in his dealings, faithful in business, a firm friend and supporter of religion and religious institutions, and active in .the cause of education. One son and seven grandsons have had a collegiate education. He died in Brunswick at the age of seven- ty-four 3'ears.i ABBOTT, EEVBKEND JOHN S. C. John Ste\ens Cabot Abbott was a son of Honorable Jacob Abbot, and was born at Brunswick, Maine, September 18, 1805. He was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825, and at the Andover Theologi- cal Seminary in 1829, and was subsequently settled at "Worcester, Eox- bury, and Nantucliet, in Massachusetts, and afterward at New Haven, Connecticut. " The Mother at Home" was written in 1833, and was his first work of any note ; and to the several European languages into which it was translated are added the Greek, Turkish, and Tamul languages of Asia. He has written several works of a moral and highly instructive order, and several biographies, but his greatest renown, at home and in France at least, is due to the history of Napo- leon and other works relating to the same subject, all of which are remarkable for a vigorous defence of that emperor. So effective, indeed, were his efforts in his behalf, that Napoleon, never too free with recognition of such service, acknowledged the handsome tribute not alone with formal courtesy, but bj' bestowing upon the author his warmest friendship, and many substantial proofs thereof. Mr. Abbotts history of the late civil war and his other American histories comprise about twentj'-flve volumes. He died at his residence, in Fairhaven, Connecticut, in June, 1877. ADAMS, EEVEKEND GEORGE E., D. D. The subject of this sketch was the oldest son of Deacon Eliashib Adams, and was born in Worthington, Maasachusetts, October 27, 1801. Two 3^ears later, his father removed to Bangor, Maine, with his family. The son fitted for Yale College, and graduated in 1821. He graduated also from Andover Theological Seminary in 1826, and 1 From Abbott's Genealogical Register, 1847, A. and E. Abbott. mOGRAPIIWAL. 711 was appointed the very next j-ear Professor of Sacred Literature in Bangor Theological Seminary. He retained this position until 1829, when he was called to the pastoral charge of the First Parish Church in Brunswick. This charge lie resigned in June, 1870, and assumed that relation to the Trinity Congregational Church in Orange, New Jersey. Although his health was faihng, he continued to minister to that growing church, even after he had swooned away in his pulpit with the exertion, until he was forced to yield to the effects of disease and suflFering, and tendered his resignation in 1875. The church where his late labors had been §o signally' blessed clung to him with singu- lar affection. Bnt he desired to come back to Brunswick to spend his last days. •' This brief appearance among his old people and in his old pulpit seemed like the visit of an angel." Returning to Orange in the autumn, his health failed rapidly, and he passed away December 25, 1875. His funeral was held in his old church at Brunswick, where a large concourse of citizens testified their respect and affection. A public meeting was also held, at which resolutions were passed expressive of a deep appreciation of his character and services. The doctor married early in life Miss Ann Folsom, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Having no children, they adopted F'rances Caro- line Adams, daughter of Asher Adams, of Boston, and now the wife of General Chamberlain. They afterwards adopted Anna Delamater Davis, who married and died in this town, leaving one daughter, Georgie A. Atkinson. Mrs. Adanas was a woman of remarkable character, and will long be remembered in this place. She died in 1850. Some j-ears afterward Dr. Adams married Miss Helen M. Root, of Chicago. Their oldest child, George, died at an early age. The daughters, Sarah R. and Mary L., are with their mother in Orange, New Jersey. For forty j-ears Doctor Adams filled the pulpit, which may well be considered a difficult and trying one, with great acceptance, and managed a parish composed of strong and diverse elements, with consummate judgment and tact. The church grew under his hands by steady, regular increase. " Doctor Adams was. not only a good pastor, he was also a good citizen, alive to the interests of the people among whom he lived, and his eminently benevolent nature prompted him to the discharge of numerous trusts which did not legitimately belong to his calling. Doctor Adams, with great geniality of temper, possessed a reserved 712 mSTOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. fund of humor, whicti rendered him a charming companion in social life, and which gave to manj' of his fugitive addresses and writings a point and elegajice that few could impart to such efforts. There was about the man so much that was genial and loving, so much of con- sideration for the rights and opinions of others, that even those who most differed with him could not fail to recognize his sincerity of pur- pose and his firm intent to do what he honestly regarded for the best." ALDEN, PETER O., ESQUIRE, Was the son of Joseph and Hannah [Hall] Alden, and a descendant of John Alden, who came over in the Mayflower, in 1620. He was born in Middleboro', Massachusetts, August 20, 1772 ; was graduated at Brown Universitj', in 1792 ; studied law with Judge Padelford, in Taunton, and came to Brunswick near the close of 1796 or earlj' in 1797. He was admitted to the Cumberland bar at the March term in 1797. He married, in 1801, Mindwell, a daughter of Doctor Lyman, of York, by whom he received some property. He was the onlj' law^'er in Brunswick for a number of j'ears after his admission to the bar. His business for a time was very good. He was well read as a lawyer, and had fair talents and information, but he was no advocate. He was very irritable in his temper, and his manner when he under- took to argue his cases was abrupt and disagreeable. Whenever a shrewd adversarj' wished to gain an advantage over him, a certain waj' was to ruffle his temper, when Peter would be sure to spoil his own cause. As competitors gathered around him, in Brunswick and the neighboring towns, his business declined, and he was left almost briefless. To make good the deficiencies arising from these causes, lie engaged in commercial operations, which for a time were success- ' ful, but which were suddenly and sadly blasted bj- the restrictions on mercantile transactions which took place prior to the war of 1812. The latter portion of his life was embittered by disappointment and povertj', which produced hypochondria, and left him a wreck. His death occurred February 14, 1843. His wife survived him a few 3'ears, and died among her kindred, in York. Mr. Alden was large and bulky, but not well proportioned. He was, as may be inferred from the faults of this temperament, unpopu- lar in the community in which his life was spent ; but by some reaction in 1826, perhaps from sympathy, he was elected to the House of Rep- resentatives, and re-elected the three following years, growing each time in favor, until his election in 1829 was nearly unanimous. ^ 1 Willis's The Law, the Courts, and the Lawyers of Maine. BIOGRAPHICAL. 713 ALLEN, REV. WILLIAM, D. D. William Allen, D. D., an American clergymaa and author, son of Thomas Allen, born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, January 2, 1784, died in Northampton, July 16, 1868. He graduated at Harvard College in 1802, and studied theology with the Rev. Doctor Pierce, of Brookline. After being licensed in 1804 by the Berkshire Association, he preached for some months in various parts of Western New York. Upon his return he was appointed a regent of Harvard College, and was also assistant librarian of the college. During this period he prepared the first edition of his ' ' American Biographical and Historical Dictionary " (1809), containing notices of about seven hundred Americans. This was the first book of general biographj- issued in the United States. In 1807 he prepared the bio- graphical sketches of American ministers for the Reverend David Bogue's and Bennett's " History of Dissenters," published in London in four volumes. The second edition of his dictionary appeared in 1832, and contained more than 1,800 names. The third edition, published in Boston in 1857, contains biographies and notices of nearly 7,000 Americans. His connection with the uni- versity ceased in 1810, when he was ordained pastor of the Congrega- tional Church in Pittsfield, as his father's successor. 'I'he legislature of New Hampshire in 1816 altered the charter of Dartmouth College, and created in its stead a university, of which Doctor Allen was made president in 1817. Upon an appeal to the Supreme Court at Washington, the rights of the college against the State were maintained in 1819. In 1820, Doctor Allen was appointed president of Bowdoin College, Maine, and retained that position till 1839, when he resigned it, and retired to Northampton, Massachu- setts, engaging in various literary labors. Among these is a collection of more than 10,000 words not found in dictionaries of the English language; nearly 1,500 being contributed to Worcester's Dictionary (1846), more than 4,000 to Webster's (1854), and about 6,000 to the new edition of Webster. His other chief writings are, " Junius Unmasked," to prove that Lord Sackville was the real Junius ; " Ac- counts of Shipwrecks"; "Psalms and Hymns," with many origiual hymns (1835) ; " Memoirs of Doctor Eleazar Wheelock and of Doc- tor John Codman" (1853) ; " Wunnisoo; or. The Vale of Hoosatun- nuk," apoem with learned notes (1856) ; "Christian Sonnets " (1860) ; 714 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HASPSWELL. " Poems of Nazareth and the Cross" (1866) ; and "Sacred Songs" (1876).i APPLETON, JESSE, D. D. Reverend Jesse Appleton was born at New Ipswich, New Hamp- shire, November 17, 1772. He married, in 1800, Miss Elizabeth Means. He died in Brunswick, November 12, 1819. Reverend Mr. Appleton graduated at Dartmouth College in 1792, and subsequent!}- entered the ministrj'. He was elected president of Bowdoin College in September, 1807, and was inaugurated in Decem- ber following. He took an active part in the instructions of the col- lege, and was noted for his punctuality in the discharge of duty. "Aside from the common routine of his college duties, as a gratuitous service, he composed, with great care, a course of more than fifty lectures on the most important subjects in theology. They were delivered once a week, in the chapel, to the whole college, and were always listened to with deep attention bj' the students. A part of them have been pub- lished in a volume with a few of his sermons, and in connection with his baccalaureate addresses, which are before the public in a separate volume, place him in the highest rank of the theological and ethical writ- ers of our country. During his life, sermons, which he preached on sev- eral interesting and important occasions, were published. In truth, Pres- ^ American Cyclopmdia, Vol. l,p, 330. BIOGRA PHICAL. 715 ident Appleton lived not in vain. He was a most diligent student and a laborious man. His varied attainments in philology and criticism, of which, particularly in reference to our own language, he was very fond ; in mental and moral philosophy, to which his habits of mind were pe- culiarlj- adapted ; and in theology, which was his favorite study, all combined with a fine taste, admirably qualified him to preside over a lit- erary institution. When we add to these qualifications his uncommon dignity and courtesy of demeanor, and those traits of character which have already been mentioned, we cannot but regard him as one of the most able and most valuable among the presidents of our colleges." ' BADGER, CAPTAIN NATHANIEL. Nathaniel Badger was a son of Joseph Badger, and was born in Gilmantown, New Hampshire, in March, 1789. He moved, with his father, to Franklin Count}', and afterward came to Brunswick. He married Jane, daughter of Philip Owen, of Brunswick. In early life he followed the sea, but afterwards for man}' j-ears was a trader in Brunswick. " For twentj'-three j^ears Captain Badger was annually elected town clerk (1837-1859 inclusive), the duties of which office he discharged with great fidelity, his record being ever clearly and intelligently made. He was also a conveyancer, and was remarkable for the accn- racj- with which he performed his work, for the urbanity and courtesy which marked his conduct when transacting this class of business ; he was no less remarkable for the stern integrity of his character, for his rigid adhesion to all the required forms of business. For some time he was postmaster of Brunswick, and he filled this post to the full acceptance of his fellow-citizens. Genial in his temper, appreciative of the humor which warms but never stings, he was a most cheerful companion, his rich, merry laugh over a good story or witty saying being in the highest degree sympathetic and encouraging. A man of rare good sense, his judgment upon public matters was greatly to be relied upon." He died September 13, 1866. BADGER, CAPTAIN JOSEPH. Joseph Badger, a brother to Nathaniel, was born in 1791. He was married to Eunice Noyes. In early manhood he was a sea-captain, afterwards had a large interest in navigation, and at the time of his • Bistory of Bowdoin College, Quarterly Register, 1835. Packard. 716 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSEAM, AND HARPSWELL. death was president of the Pejepscot Bank. " A methodical man, he conducted his business with great exactness, was kind, charitable in his feelings, gave freely, and in many instances with unusual liber- alitj', and ever manifested the liveliest interest in the comforts and pleasures of the young, doing his best to contribute to them." He died in Brunswick, March 27, 1863. BAKER, WILLIAM. Mr. William Baker was born in 1811. He was an apothecary for many years in Brunswick. He was a man of a genial temper, of stern integrity of character, and of whole-hearted generosity'. He was a kind and generous hasband and father and a good citi- zen. He was a Freemason, and acted as secretary of the Brunswick Lodge for about twelve years. For many years he was a member of the First Parish Church, and in his relations of life observed a consistent Christian character. He died December 22, 1867. BALLARD, REVEEEND EDWARD, D. D. The subject of this sketch was born at Hopkinton, New Hampshire, November 11, 1804. lie died at Brunswick, November 14, 1870. He graduated at the General Theological Seminar^', New York, in 1829, and was ordained a deacon of the Episcopal Church on July 5 of that year. He was ordained as priest September 16, 1830. From 1829 to 1832 he was a missionary and rector in St. Luke's Church, North Charlestown; and in St. Peter's Church, Drewsville, New Hampshire. He was rector of St. Stephen's Church, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, from 1848 to 1852. From 1852 to 1858 he was principal of the Episcopal Academy of Connecticut. He was received into the Diocese of Maine, June 22, 1858, and was made missionary and rector of St. Paul's Church, Brunswick, in 1858. He was secretary of the Maine Diocese from 1860 to 1869, of which he was, at the time of his death, the Senior Presbyter and President of the Standing Committee. He was repre- sentative of this Diocese to the General Convention of Episcopalians, to the General Board of Missions, and to the General Theological Sem- inary. Doctor Ballard received the degree of Master of Arts at Dart- mouth in 1830, at Trinity in 1845, and at Bowdoin College in 1858, He received the degree of S. T. D. at Trinity in 1865. Doctor Bal- lard was much interested in educational matters, and especially in what is called the common-school system of the State. He was appointed lilOGSAPHICAL. 717 State Superintendent of Common Schools, and filled that ofBce from 1S65 to 1868. He was also interested in historical matters, as is seen from his contributions to the publications of the Maine Historical Soci- et}-, of which he was a member, and of which he served as secretary from 1861 until his decease. Reverend Doctor Ballard was a self-educated man, his earlj- advan- tages of education being slight. He was a tall, stout, and muscular man, but yet not very robust. He was esteemed as a faithful and lov- ing pastor, and was especially fond of children. "Humility, equanim- it}', gentleness, and fldelitj' were perhaps the most conspicuous virtues in his character. But firmness in his convictions and unwavering loy- alty- to the church, under whose orders he served, were no less remark- able in his teachings and public action. His wisdom and moderation made him an excellent counsellor, his kindness, unselfishness, and ami- ability the most desirable of friends, and I know not in what Christian attainment he was not a worthy exemplar. ' ' His manliness was apparent, while there was a touch of womanlj' tenderness in his character. Whatever responsibility was laid upon him was faithfully discharged. He was a large-hearted man, a gener- ous man, far beyond his means a friend of the poor." BAERON, HONORABLE JOHN. Mr. Barron was born in Dracut, Massachusetts, in 1792. He went with his father to Danville, Maine, about 1796, where he lived until he removed to Topsham, about 1813. He did not, however, establish himself there permanently until 1820. In 1817 he married Martha Crockett, of Danville. He died in 1860. During his fortj' j'ears' res- idence in Topsham he was known as an active and influential citizen, and often filled offices of trust. He was a member of the State Sen- ate in 1850. The following is from an obituarj- notice by Reverend Doctor Adams : — " For a long course of years Mr. Barron was extensively and suc- cessfully engaged in the lumbering business, and was one of the most industrious and enterprising of the many energetic and laborious men who in this occupation have contributed so much to the growth and prosperity of our State. " Being vigorously honest and of an excellent judgment, he pos- sessed the confidence of all who knew him, there being no man whose opinion in relation to the lumbering business was more sought after than his. And though unobtrusive and retiring, and not inclined to 718 mSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPS WELL. volunteer unasked advice, he was ever ready to give good counsel where he thought it would be well received. He was a man of quick feelings and generous impulses, and many are the deeds of his kind- ness, done quietly and unpretendingly, by which, we trust, he laid up treasures in heaven ; a kind husband, an indulgent father, often speak- ing to friends, when absent from home, of his family, and declaring it to be his chief object and desire to see his children started happily in life. His last illness, caused by an internal cancer, as supposed, was very distressing, continuing more than two j-ears^ In politics Mr. Barron was a Whig. In his religious views he was a Trinitarian Con- gregationalist, uniting with the church of that denomination in Tops- ham, about 1840." BARRON, WILLIAM. William Barron was born April, 1797, and moved to Topsham about 1816. " For many years, in company with his brother John, he carried on lumbering, and the firm, through its business energy and enter- prise, secured a handsome fortune to each of the brothers. William Barron, at the time of his death, was president of the Pejepscot National Bank, in Brunswick, a position that he filled with marked ability and acceptance. He ever sustained the character of an upright man, a good citizen, and a benevolent. Christian gentleman. He was one of the deacons in the Baptist Church, in Topsham." He died in Topsham, January 18, 1866. BOARDMAN, ALEXANDER P. Alexander F. Boardman was born at Aux Caj'es, Hayti, in 1819. He was educated principally at Hildreth Academy, at Deny, New Hampsliire, but finished his studies at North Yarmouth. He entered Bowdoin College in the fall of 1834, but was compelled to leave in his Sophomore j'ear, on account of weak eyes. He afterwards engaged in the dry-goods business in Brunswick, and continued in trade until the time of his death. He was among the first persons in Brunswick who dealt in dry-goods onlj', and he carried on a large business. He was a kind father, husband, friend, and neighbor, known and esteemed by all. He died November 29, 1876. CLEAVBLAND, PROFESSOR PARKER. The following sketch of this distinguished man is abridged from the eulogy of Eever.end Leonard Woods, D. D., it being impossible for words of ours to add anything of interest or value thereto. BIOGliAPHICAL. 719 Those who desire to read the full account of the life and character of this really remarkable man will find it in the eulogy referred to, which is published in the Collections of the Maine Historical Society, Vol. VI, pp. 381 to 432. ParkeF Cleaveland, M. D., of Byfield, Massachusetts, the second son of Reverend John Cleaveland, was the father of the subject of this sketch. Doctor Cleaveland married, in 1773, Elizabeth Jackinan. Their only child, Paekek, was born in Byfield, January lo, 1780. He was married in Boston, September 9, 1806, by Reverend John Elliot, S. T. D., to Martha Bush, who was born in Bpylston. Massachu- setts, on August 19, 1787. They had five sons and three daughters. Professor Cleaveland died August 15, 1858. Professor Parker Cleaveland inherited tlie powerful intellect and the active and cheerful temperament of his father, and also somewhat of the physical and psychological infirmities of his mother, especially the electrical excitability of the latter, whom he is said to have resembled in the general cast of his features. During his childhood he gave many indications of that clearness and vigor of mind for which he was afterwards distinguished. On one occasion, when only four years old, having answered a question which had been pnt to him with a wisdom above his years, and being asked who told him that, he replied, I told myself. He was remark- able, even at that age, for a certain constitutional timidity and for 720 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHJM, AND HARPSWELL. great reserve in the expression of his feelings. Though he was known to haA'e strong affoctions, he never showed them in the ordi- nary way. On account of his studious tastes and peculiar temper- ament, his father decided to give him an education, and therefore sent him to prepare for college to the famous Dummer 3"cademj-, which was situated in his native parish, on the Newbury side, ahout two and one half miles from his home. The preceptor of the academy at this time was RcA'erend Isaac Smith. He entered Harvard College in 1795, before he was sixteen j'ears old, and became at once a gen- eral favorite. Though he was led by his high spirits and social nature to mingle freely in scenes of pleasure, there is ample evidence that he was never seduced into anj- neglect of his college duties, into any conflict with the college authorities, or any abandonment of the moral and religious principles in which he had been educated. If during the day and evening he indulged himself in the society of his boon com- panions, he would retire at night to his chamber, darken his window, and while supposed to be asleep, would push his studies far into the morning. The natural sciences had so little place at this time in the college course that he did not then lay the foundation of his future success in this department. He was, however, a proficient in Greek. He was graduated in due course in 1799, enjoying the reputation among his fellow- students of being the best general scholar and the man of most talent and promise, though not bearing off the highest honors of his class. In his Junior year he had taught school in vacation, in Boxford, and in his Senior year in Wilmington. After he left college, he taught for a few months in Haverhill. From thence, in March, 1800, he went to York in this State, where he taught the central town school for three years. Asa school-master, he exhibited the same skill in teaching, the same strictness of disci- pline, the same power to attach his pupils to himself and to awaken their enthusiasm, which he displayed afterwards in the higher spheres to which he was called. Notwithstanding his eminent success as a teacher, he did not at this time think of taking teaching as a vocation. On his leaving collie, it was his purpose to study law ; and accord- ingly, when he went to Haverhill to teach, he at the same time entered his name in the law office of Ichabod Tucker, Esquire. When he moved to York, he engaged himself as assistant to Daniel Sewall, Esquire, who was at that time Clerk of the Courts and Register of Probate, and also village postmaster ; and during his vacations and at the intervals of his school hours, gave his aid in those several BIOGRAPHICAL. 721 offices. As Mr. Sewall's assistant, lie sometimes attended the courts, and was also occasionally engaged in justice business. Although thus engaged while at York, his intention of devoting himself to the profession of law was shaken by his own distaste for the business, though not of the studj' itself, and still more bj' the earnest desire of his parents that he should study divinity. For several years his mind was agitated about the matter, but he finally detennined in favor of the ministry, and placing himself under the direction of his uncle. Reverend John Cleaveland, of North Wrentham, he pursued his studies at his home in Byfield. While he was thus engaged, he received, near the close of October, 1803, information through President Willard that "he was chosen tutor of Harvard College, to succeed Mr. Emerson, in the department of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy." He promptly accepted the appointment, and commenced, November 23, with the instruction of the Senior class in Enfield. About 1804 he made a public profession of religion in the church in which he had been baptized. In 1805 he determined to discontinue his tutorship and to enter upon a professional life. Although his religious views had not changed, he found the question of his future profession again unsettled, owing to his conscientious scruples about entering upon one to which he felt that he had no certain and unmis- takable call. He therefore again determined to enter the profession of law, and had some thought of settling in the then new town of Bangor. At a meeting of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, August 30, 1804, he was appointed, with Dr. Kirkland and others, to superintend the pub- lication of the " Literary Miscellany." To this he contributed two arti- cles from his own pen, viz., a review of Morse's " Gazetteer," and of Darwin's " Temple of Nature." The " Miscellany" did not continue its existence long after his connection with it ceased. May 15, 1805, by the unanimous vote of both boards, he was chosen Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, in Bowdoin Col- lege. He at first declined it on the ground " that it would involve the sacrifice of the profession which he had chosen, and the time which he had spent in preparing for it." He was, however, prevailed upon to accept the appointment, though he took out certificates of qualification as far as he had proceeded in the law, and kept them for future use should occasion require. He was inducted into oflflce October 23, 1 805, being scarcely twenty- five years of age. He entered at once upon the duties of his profes- 46 722 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWMLL. sorship, which he continued to discharge ■without intermission to the daj' of his death, a period of flfty-three years. . During the early period of his professorship he paid some attention to the ancient classics, read the standard authors in English and French literature, and even indulged his poetic faculty. He is reported, on good authority, to have written, soon after coming to Brunswick, an ode on some public occasion, which was set to music and sung. There being no instruction at that time in Bowdoin College in any of the branches of natural science except those of mathematics and natural philosoph}', Professor Cleaveland set to work to prepare himself to supply the deficiency, and in 1808 gave his first course of lectures on chemistry and mineralogj^. For this voluntary service he was after- wards paid by the Boards two hundred dollars, and this sum was con- tinued to him thereafter. From that time he bore, in addition, the title of Lecturer in Chemistry and Mineralogy until 1828, when it was changed to Professor in these branches. During this early period he wrote several papers recording certain meteorological, geological, and astronomical observations made hy him, which were published in the third and fourth volumes of the Memoirs of the American Academy. The finding by the workmen in the Topsham sluiceway excavation, in 1807, of substances entirelj* new to them, attracted his attention and led him to the stud}' of mineralogy, which he pursued so assidu- ously that in 1816 he published his " Elementary Treatise on Mineral- ogy and Geology." This work, making its appearance at just the time when such a treatise was imperatively demanded, was a perfect suc- cess, and placed the author at once in the front rank of living miner- alogists. The work, the first of its kind in America, was immediately noticed in terms of high commendation 'by the leading literary and sci- entific journals at home and abroad, among others by Silliman's " Jour- nal of Science and Arts" and by the " North American " and " Edin- burgh Review." It was used as a text-book in Cambridge Universitj^ ^England). In 1822 a second and enlarged edition was issued. In rec- ognition of Professor Cleaveland's services, his name was given to a species of feldspar before known as albite, and to a compartment in the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. He was noticed by the most emi- nent savans of Europe, including Goethe. He received letters of respect and congratulation from Sir David Brewster, Sir Humphrey Davy, and Dr. McCulloch, in England ; from Ber'zelius of Stockholm, Germar of Halle, Brouguiert, Baron Cuvier, and the Abbe Haijg, of Paris. He received visits of regard from Colonel Gibbs, Godon, Maclure, and man}' others devoted to this department of science. He BIOGEAPHICAU 723 received diplomas of membersliip from sixteen or more lilerarj' and scientific societies, including those established in the principal capitals of Europe. He received offers of professorships — some of them with offers of salarj- double his own — from Harvard College in Massachu- setts, from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, from the Univer- sity of William and Mary in Virginia, from Princeton College in New Jersej', from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New Yorii, and from the University of Pennsylvania. He was later appointed one of the commissioners for the survey of the New England bound- ary by President Van Buren, and Regent of the Smithsonian Institute bj' President Pierce. His reputation as a lecturer on chemistry extended far beyond the college walls. He was often urged to deliver his course of chemical lectures in several of the principal towns in Maine and the adjoining States. In the winter vacations of 1818, 1819, and 1820, he did deliver the courses in Hallowell, Portland, and Portsmouth, but always after refused to deliver them away from his own laboratory. Upon the establishment of the Maine Medical School in 1820, he was ap- pointed Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica, and at the first meeting of the Medical Faculty he was appointed secretary. From this time forward his first thoughts and best endeavors were given to his chemical lectures. There was no confusion in his thoughts, and none in his discourse. By his calm and simple stjie, and its easy and uninterrupted flow, by his lucid order, by the earnestness of his manner, by the interest with which he seemed to regard the smallest and most common things pertaining to his theme, by his happy illus- trations and never-failing experiments, and by his occasional sallies of wit and good-humor, he carried along the delighted attention of his hearers without weariness to the end of his hour, making plain to them what had been obscure, investing even trivial things, by a sal- utary illusion, with an air of importance, and in short, accomplishing, in a manner which has never been surpassed, the great object of con- veying to the mind of the learner definite notions and useful knowl- edge on the subject under consideration. Such was Professor Cleaveland as a lecturer on chemistry. It is in this capacity, more perhaps than in any other, that he has been thought to have distanced all competition. It is in this capacity, certainly, that all his peculiar excellences appeared to the best advantage ; and it is, accordingly, as a lecturer on chemistry that he has been for many years principally distinguished, and that he will be most distinctly and gratefully remembered by his thousand admiring pupils. 724 mSTOEI OF BRUNSWICK, lOPSHJM, AND HAIiPSWELL. In his external appearance and to a casual oliserver, Professor Cleaveland was stern and austere, and on a sudden provocation or any obtrusive impertinence was sometimes passionate and violent. But underlying these rugged austerities on the surface of his character and constantl}' cropping out from beneath them, to use a term of his own, there was a large-hearted nature, an exhaustless vein of kindl}' and generous feelings. This essential goodness of heart was often repressed and concealed by his constitutional reserve of manner, but not seldom did it break through the outward crust, and diffuse over his features a benignant expression, and give to the tones of his voice and to his manners a winning gentleness. It was manifested in his domestic relations, especially in the gentle courtesy with which he always bore himself toward the worthy partner of his life. It was manifested to his classes, in his friendly interest for them, in his earnest desire for their improvement, and in his frank and familiar intercourse with them out of the lecture- room. Though retired in his habits, he felt a lively interest in the general welfare, and, until overburdened with official engagements, took an active part in all measures for promoting the public good. In 1814 he delivered an address before The Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell Society for the Suppi-ession of Intemperance, which was published by their request. In 1825, after the occurrence of the fire in which the factory and a large part of the adjoining district were consumed, he interested himself in organizing a fire company, and was chosen its first commander. Though he was then in the zenith of his fame, and had declined the most distinguished offices to which he was called from abroad, he gladty accepted this village appointment, and held it, to universal acceptance, for twentj* years. It is hardly necessary to say that whenever a fire broke out, by night or by day, he was always first on the ground, alwaj's managed the hose-pipe, and always stood, when duty required, in the place of the greatest exposure. His general and excessive tihaidity cannot be passed over in silence. The stories which have been current for the last fifty years in regard to his fear of lightning, however apparently incredible, are yet sub- stantially correct. It is related \>y persons who were inmates of his house in the early period of his residence in Brunswick that during a thunder-storm it was his wont to lie on a feather-bed, taking care that the bedstead should be removed to a good distance from the wall ; and that a rising cloud, which gave signs of being charged with electricity, had, in some cases, kept hira from his recitation-room, in others, driven him home frorn college or from church in the midst of the services, and BIOGRAPHICAL. 725 that it was not until his house was well protected by two lightning- rods that he was able, on such ocuasions, to maintain any tolerable tranquillity. But it was not in regard to lightning only that he was a timid man. It was this extremity of caution which prevented him from travelling, and finally circumscribed his motions within a few miles from liis own door. Long before the stage-coach was supplanted by the railway car, it had become too dangerous a vehicle for him. His last journey to Boston, now some twent}- years back, was made in a one-horse chaise. It is no wonder that he never repeated the experiment, obliged as he was, on that occasion, to make a tedious detour through the upper counties, to avoid the long and dangerous bridges on the lower route. This infirmitj' was undoubtedly inherited from his mother, and had its seat in his physical rather than in his moral. nature. He could be brave enough when he thought his duty required him to be. Another marked characteristic of Professor Cleaveland, which de- serves a passing notice, was his aversion to change, his attachment to a settled routine, his tenacity of the ways to which he had become wonted, in short, his intense conservatism of character. Each duty of the da_y, from his rising up in the morning to his lying down at night, had its allotted time and place. But no proper estimate can be formed of Professor Cleaveland's character without taking into view its moral and religious elements. There are few men in whom the sense of duty has been higher or more active, or whose lives have been more strictly governed by it. It was his great endeavor in every condition of life, and especially in his official relations, to be found faithful. His habitual and cheerful self-denial, his constant sacrifice of personal ease and comfort, his careful husbandry of time in which even the fragments were gathered up, his stern disallowance of all light reading and unnecessary recre- ation, his midnight toils, his careful preparation for his recitations and lectures, his punctual and never-failing attendance upon them, and the earnestness which he carried into them, were all inspired and ennobled by his sense of official duty. This, perliaps, more than any other principle, was the deepest spring and the crowning excellence of his character. COBUEN, JOHN. The subject of this sketch was one of a family of eleven children. His parents, Captain Peter and Mrs. Elizabeth Coburn, resided in the town of Dracut, Massachusetts, where John was born, June 1, 1785. He was married in 1815 to Eachel, daughter of John Dunning , 726 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, 70PSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. of Brunswick. She died March 30, 1816, aged tweut^'-eight years, leaving an infant, John Dunning Coburn. Mr. Coburn married for his second wife Efibecca Dunning, a sister of Eachel, March 11, 1823. She died in Topsham, January 3, 1850, aged nearly seventy years. He died in Topsham, December 1, 1865. The first fifteen years of Mr. Coburn's life were passed with his parents, assisting his father in the labors of the farm. But having a delicate constitution, and not being thought to possess sufficient bodily vigor to prosecute with success the business of agriculture, he then left home in order to qualify himself for mercantile pursuits. For some time he was a student in Phillips Academj', Andover. Leaving Andover, he spent some time in teaching, after which he went into the store of Mr. Philemon Chandler, in Dover, New Hampshire, where he remained until he was twenty-one. The next j-ear he was in Mr. Joshua Bradley's store in Dracut, Massachusetts, and the next (1808) we find him at Brunswick. On his first coming to Brunswick he was concerned in business with his uncle, Nathaniel Poor. After that he went into business by himself. Then, for a time, he was connected with Hon. David Dun- lap, and still later with his brother, General Richard T. Dunlap, the term of his agreement with the latter expiring June 2, 1832. In the year 1834, on the organization of the Androscoggin Bank in Topsham, he was appointed cashier, and removed his residence to that side of the river. He continued to hold the same office in the bank until the expiration of its charter, in 1854. Mr. Coburn was always ready to do his full share in promoting the welfare of the community in which he lived, and enjoyed the entire confidence of his fellow- citizens. While a resident of Brunswick, he interested himself in schools, in societies for mutual improvement, and was for many years an active member of the Washington Fire Club. For some ten years he was town treasurer, and for several j-ears assisted the late John Abbott as treasurer of Bowdoin College He held the office of justice of the peace for the county of Lincoln, and of notary-public, was often arbitrator in the settlement of vexed questions, and executor and administrator of estates, in whom the widow and orphan found a wise counsellor and a kind fiiend. Once during the illness of the State treasurer, he performed the duties of his office. Indeed, that office was tendered to him by prominent members of the part}' in power, on condition that he would go over to their side, but he declined the oifer, though he was at the time out of business. BIOQRAPHIUAL. 727 "Mr. Coburn was a raan of an amiable disposition, strong in his attachments, thoughtful of others, fond of children, firm in his adher- ence to what he deemed to be right and strict in the observance of the Sabbath. He had a sound judgment and a benevolent heart. He was an honest man and one who would rather overpay than underpay one in his employ. A few days before his death he said >vhat many men of colossal fortunes cannot say, and what others of equal integ- rity with himself have been prevented by misfortune from saying, ' I believe no man ever lost a dollar by me.' " In his religious views Mr. Coburn was a Unitarian. When the church of that denomination was formed in Topsham, he was the first to record his name, and when the society in Brunswick was consti- tuted he enrolled his name there. He alwaj's contributed according to his ability for the support of public worship, and for fifteen years he was never absent from a single communion service. CURTIS, CAPTAIN NEHEMIAH. Captain Curtis was born in Hanover, Massachusetts, in 1733, and died December 26, 1816. He was a selectman, a member of the Committee of Safety, etc., and commanded the militia before and during the Revolutionarj^ war. He was an active patriot during Ihat war, and did good service in defending the town of Hai-pswell from marauding bands of Tories who were not British soldiers. It is said that he killed and captured some of the leaders. His force consisted of volunteers from the citizens of the town. Captain Curtis led a company in the unfortunate " Bagaduce Expedition." He discharged with honor and fidelity the several offices he held. GUSHING, CALEB. Caleb Cushing was born in Cohasset, Massachusetts, April 2, 1777. When quite young he went to Boston and ser\'ed apprenticeship in the tailoring establishment of Samuel Beals. He afterwards worked at his trade in Portland, then in Georgetown (now Phipsburg) , and in September, 1797, he came to Brunswick, where he located himself permanently. About 1800 he built a two-story frame shop on the west side of Maine Street, and a two-story frame dwelling-house on the opposite side of the street, next north of the Tontine Hotel, which he occupied till his death. About 1825 he built a large frame building on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets, where Lemont Block now stands, which was occupied by himself and sons in trade for many years, and until within a few years the locality was known as " Cushings' Corner.'' He married, in 1801, Mary Dunning, 728 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWSLL. daughter of the late John Dunning. • She died November 13, 1808, aged thirt^'-one years. He married again December 5, 1814, Dolly Owen, daughter of the late Philip Owen. She died in Augusta, April 29, 1865, aged seventy-eight years. Mr. Gushing was in 1817 elected chairman of the Board of vSelectmen of Brunswick, and served for seven successive j'ears. He was a genial man, possessing the confi- dence and respect of the community, maintaining the strictest honor and honest3' in his intercourse and dealings with all. He died quite suddenly April 14, 1838. DBNNISON, COLONEL ANDEEW. Andrew Dennison was born in Freeport, in 1786, came to Topsham in 1818, and to Brunswick in 1824. In hisearl}'' da}^s he was an active and energetic politician, but always fair and above-board. He possessed a most curious and inquiring mind, and was an ingenious mechnnic. For some time he acted as deputy sheriff of the county. During the war of 1812 he was orderly sergeant of a companj' in garrison at Fort Preble. Such was the strength of his memorj', as he informed his sons, he could call ever3' man upon that roll without once referring to his manuscript. He was afterwards a colonel of militia. He was mainly instrumental in procuring the town clock and bell on the Mason Street Church, and he was greatly inter- ested in having accurate time kept in the village, frequentl}' visiting the college sundial for that purpose, so long as it remained in order. Mr. Dennison was a man devoted to all matters of public concern and to the causes of temperance and antislavery. He was alwaj'S courteous and gentlemanlj-, was a man of Christian character, of strict integrity, and was held in high esteem by all. He died in Brunswick, July 3, 1869. DUNCAN, DOCTOR SAMUEL. Doctor Duncan, or Dunkan, as he himself spelled the word, was set- tled for a short time as a physician in Bath, on High Street. He next lived in Topsham for a little while, and moved to Brunswick in 1770, and practised his profession there until his death. He lived in the old Gideon Hinkley house, now owned by Chapin "Weston, near Harding's Station. The north room of this house he used as his office, in one corner of which stood a skeleton which was the terror of all the chil- dren of the neighborhood as well as of many of the older persons. He was said to be very skilful in his profession, and had quite an extensive practice in West Bath and in Harpswell as well as in Brunswick. He received paj- in 1770 from the town of Harpswell for attendance on BIOGUAPHICAL. 729 some of the poor of that town., He was a representative to the Gen- eral Court in 1781. He died in 1784, in the prime of life, and was buried in the old burj-ing-ground in West Bath. DUIsLAP, REVEREND EOBEKT. The Reverend Robert Dunlap was a zealous divine of the Presbyte- rian' oi-der. He was born in the North of Ireland, in the province of Ulster, county of Antrim, and parish of Barilla, within nine miles of Scotland, in the month of August, 1715. His father's name was John Dunlap and his mother's Jane Dunlap. They had but two children, — a son and daughter. Robert was the son ; the daughter, whose Chris- tian name is not known, was married to William Livingston, of Ireland. As he had a peculiar relish for scientific pursuits, having passed through the elementarj^ part of education, he entered as a student of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, at an early age. During his connection with this institution he sustained an excellent reputation, and made rapid progress in the natural sciences. Having completed his collegiate course, he commenced the study of divinity. At the age of nineteen he was admitted to the degree of Master of Arts, and was immediateh' afterward licensed to preach the gospel, having been occupied for a considerable time in the study of theology. In the spring of the year 1 736, with a number of his coun- trj'men, he embarked for America, and arrived in this countrj^ on the nineteenth day of June following. During the voyage they were overtaken by a Aiolent storm, and were shipwrecked on the Isle of Sable, an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, ninetj' mile* southeast of Cape Breton. There were on board about two hundred souls, ninety-six of whom, in the very bloom of life, perished in the waters. From some flax and candles that were washed on shore from the wreck the survivors were enabled to repair the long boat, in which they went to the Isle of Canso, twentj'-seven leagues distant, and about forty leagues east by north of Halifax. By the direction of Governor Shelby ihej were taken in a small fishing-vessel, then at that place, and carried to Cape Ann in New England. Reverend Mr. Dunlap went immediately to Boston, where he became acquainted with the Reverend Mr. Moorehead and the Reverend Mr. McGregor, two eminent divines of that day, and joined the Presbytery of which they were members. He soon left Boston, and was for a time at Dracut, Massachusetts ; from there he removed to Noblebor- ough, Maine. After this he resided for a time at Boothbaj', then at Sheepscot Bridge in Newcastle, from which place he removed to Bruns- 730 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND UARPSWELL. wick. After some time spent on probation, the town agreed, in Decem- ber, 1746, to settle liim as their minister, offering him an annual salarj'' of two hundred pounds, old tenor, and to hire him a house during the war. It was agreed between Mr. Dunlap and the people that he should be ordained in Boston, and Deacon Samuel Hinkley and Mr. Ebenezer StanwOod were appointed as commissioners to repair to Boston on behalf of the town, and receive Mr. Dunlap as their minister. Accord- inglj-, during the summer of 1747, Mr. Dunlap was ordained in Boston in the meeting-honse of Eeverend Andrew LeMercier, a small brick church on School Street, by a Presbytery composed of Reverend Mr. LeMercier, of Boston, Reverend Mr. Morton, of Coleraine, Reverend Mr. Davidson, of Londonderry, Reverend Mr. Wilson, and Reverend Mr. McLothlin. He was the first regularly settled minister in the town, though there had been other preachers there before him. He dwelt at first in the garrison-house of McFarland, where Day's Block now is, and afterwards on the lot granted to the first settled minister, near the old meeting-house. Mr. Dunlap continued the minister of Brunswick about thirteen years. Some difficulties having arisen between him and the people respecting the pa}'nient of his salary, a council was proposed to advise in the case. Reverend Messrs. Smith, of Falmouth, Morrill, of Bidde- ford, and Lorrain were iirvited. The result of this council is not now known, but it led to his dismis- sion, which took place in October, 1 760. Reverend Mr. Dunlap was never again settled in the ministry. He is said to have been vehement and persuasive in his style of preaching, and to have taken somewhat as a model the celebrated George Whitefleld, whom he became acquainted with soon after his arrival in this countrj-. He resided in Brunswick until his death, which took place June 26, 1776. DUNLAP, CAPTAIN JOHN'. Captain John Dunlap was a son of the Reverend Robert Dunlap, and was born June 19, 1738. His parents were poor, and when quite young lie resolved that if energy and perseverance would accomplish it he would become rich. With this object in view he enlisted as a soldier in Fort George, bat tlie remuneration was too small to satisfj' his ambition, and he acci rdingly abandoned that calling and adopted that of a hunter. In this he was quite successful. He made long journeys into the wilderness, and brought back huge packs of furs, which yielded him a handsome remuneration for his labor, and gave him a fair start in the world. During one of these excursions he BIOGRAPHICAL. 731 became acquainted with the famous Indian chief Sabattis, who piloted Arnold and his army to Canada. Sabattis in his latter days made frequent visits to Brunswick for the purpose of seeing Captain Dunlap. Later in life Captain Dunlap was a trader, and still later he was largel}' interested in the lumber business and in navigation, accnmulating wealth, and fulfilling the ambition of his j-outh. In 1803 he had become the richest man in the then District of Maine. His personal property was estimated at $200,000. He was an active, enterprising business man and a man of unquestioned ability. Pie represented the town of Brunswick for six years in the General Court of Massachu- setts, from 1799 to 1805 inclusive. He married, for his first wife, Jenette Dunning, by whom he had five children, Eobert, John, David. Samnel, arid Marj-. His second wife was Mary Tappan, whom he married in 1788, and by whom he had four children, Richard T., Rob- ert, Robert P., and Marcia Scott, who became the wife of the late Doctor Isaac Lincoln. Captain Dunlap died July 30, 1824. DUNLAP, DAVID. David Dunlap was the third son of Captain John Dunlap, and was born in Brunswick, January 21, 1778. He married, in 1821, Nancy McKeen, daughter of Reverend Joseph McKeen, the first president of Bowdoin College. Mr. Dunlap represented the town of Brunswick in the General Court of Massachusetts five years, between 1810 and 1817, and in the legislature of Maine in 1820 and subsequently. He was also called to fill various other public offices. He was for a long time a member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College, and a member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions. He was a highly respected citizen, and was noted for his char- ities to benevolent objects. He died February 5, 1843. DUNLAP, GENERAL RICHARD T. General Richard T. Dunlap, son of Captain John Dunlap, was born in Bnmswick, June 28, 1789. During the earlier part of his life he was engaged in mercantile business, and later in shipping and bank- ino-. He was president of the old Brunswick Bank for a number of years. He was a remarkably clear-headed man, was well posted in the news of the day, well read in history, and familiar wi'h the antiq- uities of Brunswick and vicinity. He was exact and methodical in business. In politics he was an old-line Democrat, but a firm and unyielding Union man. He never, however, took an active part in 732 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IlARPSWELL. political life. He died in Brunswick, October 26, 1863, at the age of seventy-four. DUNLAP, HONORABLE ROBERT PINCKNEY. The subject of this sketch was born in Brunswick, August 17, 1794, in the house now owned and occupied by the famil}' of the late Doctor Lincoln, in which he lived until 1800, when his parents moved into a new house, now the residence of Honorable C. J. Gilman. He fitted for college under the direction of Esquire Hasey, of Topsham. He graduated from Bowdoin in 1815. He then studied law in Brunswick, with Honorable Benjamin Orr, and in Newbur^^port, Massachusetts. under Ebenezer Morelj', Esquire, and was admitted to the bar in 1818. He continued in the practice of his profession for many yeais, but his preference was for political life. He was an old-school Democrat. He served in both branches of our legislature, was a member of the exec- utive council, and in 1834 was elected governor of Maine. He served four terms in the latter capacity. He served also for two terms — 1843 to 1847 — as a representative to Congress. He was warmly interested in the welfare of his Alma Mater, and filled for many years the ofHco of president of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. He had a strong regard and' affection for the Order of Freemasonry, of which he was a distinguished member and in which he attained emi- nence. He clung to Masonry even during its darkest daj-s. He was several times Master of United Lodge, of Brunswick, was Grand Mas- ter of the Grand Lodge of Maine, and was for nine years the General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Roj'al Arch Chapter of the United States. On retiring from the last-named office he was pre- sented b}- the Masons of Charleston, South Carolina, with an elegant pitcher and salver. He was also a Knight Templar, and it is said that he attained the highest degree under the Scottish rite that had, at that time, ever been conferred in America. " As a presiding officer, whether in the Senate, the Board of Over- seers, the town meeting, or in political or philanthropic conventions, Mr. Dunlap was hardly surpassed, conducting business with great accuracj', promptness, and despatch, and at the same time with a dig- nified impartiality." Governor Dunlap was generous-hearted and liberal in his disposi- tion, kindly in his feelings to all, honest in his opinions, upright in his intentions, and manly and just in his conduct. For twenty-five years he was a consistent member of the Congregational Church, and was always friendly to the cause of temperance. He married, in 1825, BIOGnAPHICAL. 733 Lj-dia Chapman, who died January 29, 1868. At the time of his death, October 20, 1859, he was the oldest surviving member of the American Bible Society. His burial was accompanied with more ceremony and was more fully attended than that of any other which has ever occurred in town. He was buried with Masonic ceremonies, and there were present two com- manderies of Knights Templars, ^ with Chandler's Band, Montgomery Royal Arch Chapter, representatives of the Grand Lodge and ten sub- ordinate Lodges,^ with delegations from two others.^ DUNNING, ANDREW. Andrew Dunning came from Ashburton, county of Devonshire, Eng- land. He married Susan Bond. In 1717 he arrived at Georgetown, Maine, and came to Brunswick the same year and settled at Maquoit on the lot formerly occupied by Master Samuel Dunning and now owned by Patrick McManus. He was a Presbyterian in his religious belief, and was much respected for his integrity and uprightness of character. His children were all born before he emigrated to this country. He is said to have been a blacksmith. He was buried in the old graveyard, and his gravestones are the oldest in the yard. (See epitaphs.) They were wrought and engraved by his son James. A few j'ears before his death, his house was burned, and his wife, in endeavoring to save some money she had laid aside, fell through the floor into the cellar and was burned to death. A negro slave, who was asleep in an arch in the cellar, was with difficulty rescued by being dragged through the cellar window. DUNNING, ANDREW. Andrew Dunning, of Harpswell, was the son of William Dunning of York, and was born in 1727. In earlj- life he followed the sea and was master of a vessel. He afterwards abandoned this calling, and set- tled in Harpswell about 1758. He was a prominent man in Harps- well, and was town clerk for twent3'-five years, 1758-82, and select- man in 1758, 1759, 1760, and 1764. June 17, 1767, he was chosen deacon of the church in Harpswell, and held the office until his death, which took place March 27, 1808. The following incident illustrates the energy and determination of his character : — • Maine Commandery, No. 1, and Portland Commandery, No. 2. ■i Portland Lodge, No. 1 ; Kennebec, No. 5 ; Solar, No. 14 ; I'reeport, No. 23 ; Tem- ple, No. 25 ; Village, No. 26 ; Herman, No. 32 ; Oasco, No. 36 ; Lafayette, No. 48 ; Richmond, No. 63 ; besides United, No. 8, to which he belonged. a Tranquil, No. 29 ; Cumberland, No. 12. 734 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. He once went to Halifax- with a cargo of provisions, etc., and was to take a cargo of coal from thence to Virginia. A wharf was to be erected, and the coal was to be on the wharf upon his arrival. The wharf was not, however, completed, in fact, it was but just begun when he arrived. Not wishing to wait the slow movements of the wharf- buildeis, he took a part of his crew, went into the woods and cut and hauled out logs and assisted in building the wharf, which was the first ever built in Halifax. DUNNING, BENJAMIN. Benjamin Dunning, of Harpswell, was town clerk in 1791 and 1792, justice of the peace, representative to the General Court in 1781, 1782, 1785, 1791, 1793, 1797, 1800, 1801, 1803, and 1806, and lieutenant in the Revolutionary war, and an overseer of Bowdoin College, the location of which at Brunswick he was instrumental in secm-ing. He was a man who took a prominent part in the affairs of the town and a strong interest iu education. DUNNING, DAVID. David Dunning was the soh of Andrew Dunning, who came over from England. He married first a daughter of John Farren,' and after- wards Mrs. Adam [Lithgow] Plunter, when she was over eighty years old. He owned a large part of the land where the village of Brunswick now is, and erected a block-house where the post-office now stands. He received the command of a company of soldiers about 1740, and scoured the wilderness up and down the Androscoggin in pursuit of the Indians. He was one of the most active, enterprising, and respect- able men of his day. He died in 1799. EATON, EEVEEEND ELISHA. Reverend Mr. Eaton was ordained over the Third Parish in Brain- tree, now Randolph, Massachusetts, June 2, 1731, and was settled there until 1750. Of his previous life but little is known, or in regard to his pastorate in Randolph. From the length of his settlement there, it is fair to presume that he gave good satisfaction. He came to Merriconeag by recommendation of Mr. Alden, the first minister of Cape Elizabeth, and was installed in 1754 over the First Parish of Harpswell, which was then the Second Parish of North Yarmouth. His salary was £450 old tenor, or £60 lawful monej'.^ ' Mc Keen. 2 Pejepscot Papers. BIOGHAPmCAL. 735 Of Mr. Eaton's abilities as a preacher, or of his characteristics as a man, scarce! j' anything is known. That he zealously followed his chosen career is not to be doubted, but from the specimen of his Muse which was found in a book of records of baptisms performed by him, and which is the only literary specimen of his that we have seen, his theology wonld appear to have been of a very gloomy cast, unless the sentiment conveyed was that of an anatomist or artist, rather than of a Iheologian. We insert this poetical production as a fitting conclusion to this sketch. FINIS LAVATIONIS. KEV. E. EATON. NAM MOKTE COKKEPITUK. Ah ! lovely Appearance of Death, No Sight upon Earth is so fair ; Not all the gay Pageants that breathe, Can with a dead Body compare. With solemn Delight I survey The Corpse when the Spirit is fled ; In Love with the beautiful Clay. And longing to lie in its stead. EATON, REVEEEND SAMUEL. The subject of this sketch, a son of Reverend Elisha Eaton, was born in Eandolph in 1736. He was fitted for college at York, by Master Moody, and entered Harvard. One of his Latin exercises while there was dated "Cambridge Collegge, 10 of November 1762, Wednesday eleven o'clock at night." He was graduated in 1763, and for the next year he taught school in Scarboro', boarding during the time at Mr. King's, the father of Honorable Rufus King.^ Rufus attended his school. "While at Cambridge, Samuel Eaton not only attended the theologi- cal course of study, but also attended medical lectures, and obtained a knowledge of the healing art that his excellent judgment afterwards enabled him to put in practice for the benefit of his people. He was ordained in 1764, and preached his first sermon at Mr. Elwyn's meeting-house in Scarboro'. He afterwards preached at Harpswell and New Gloucester, and had a call to settle at both places. He accepted that from Harpswell, and was ordained October 24, 1764, with a salary of £66 13s. 4d. besides a settlement. Reverend Samuel Eaton was, prior to 1820, the only resident of 1 United States Senator in 1821. 736 HISTORY OF BRUN^SWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Harpswell who had ever received a collegiate education. He was never married, but iu his later jxars he hved with a nephew whom he had brought up and educated at Fryeburg Academj-. He was a man of remarkable energj^, and when eightj'-six j'ears of age he not only attended to his ministerial duties, but also attended to the care of a barn containing eleven head of cattle, which he always fed before sun- rise in the morning. Samuel Eaton was a ripe scholar and a man of thonght. His knowledge of religious doctrines was both thorough and discriminat- ing. He possessed great eloquence, and people flocked from all quar- ters to meeting to hear him, notwithstanding his sermons were written with all the old scholastic divisions and repetitions. " He never sepa- rated religion from moralitj- in his catechisings, which all the children attended in the diflerent school-houses. He impressed upon them not merely the doctrines of religion, but the practical duties of it. He was of most commanding presence, and possessed a natural dig- nity which was not diminished by the old dress and wigs that he never laid aside. For this reason and on account of a rare executive talent that he possessed, he was generally chosen to preside in all deliber- ative assemblies where he was present. His own people were justlj' proud of his abilities and fame. He was possessed of a keen wit and was never at a loss for a reply." He was also peculiarly fearless in the expression of his opinions. What he thought he never was afraid to abide by. In the war of the Revolution he was an ardent patriot, and exerted all his abilities in the cause of his country'. In that struggle he had the sentiment of the people with him, but in the war of 1812, he was in the minority, and opposed the war and its abettors with all his might. During the Eevolutionarj' war a recruiting officer came to Harps- well, but failed to obtain any men. On Sunday morning he called at the parsonage and said, "Mr. Eaton, cannot j'ou do something for me and the cause? " Mr. Eaton replied, " It is my communion Sab- bath, sir. I can have nothing to do with secular subjects, but if you will remain till night I will call the people together on the Common, and I will speak to them from the horse-block." In 1812, when he was being looked upon with some suspicion as regarded his patriotism, he referred to this meeting on the Common, in conversation with Reverend Elijah Kellogg, of Portland, and said, " When the services of the day were over I went to m^- house, opened the Bible, and my ej'e fell upon the words, ' Cursed be he that hold- eth back his sword from blood.' I spake an hour from those words, BIOGRAPHICAL. 737 and there were thirtj- men readj^ to march the next morning, and yet wozo"they call me a Tory." Though like the rest of his party patriotic at heart, he was a Federalist in his political belief, and bitterly op- posed the embargo and the war of 1812. Preaching about that time at Freeport, he began his prayer thus, " Lord, thou hast commanded us to pray for our enemies, and we will commence with Tom Jeffer- son, if he is not beyond the reach of mercy." He proceeded in like manner to pray for each member of the Cabinet. According to the traditionary account of this service, the Secretary of State was pres- ent, being accidentall}' detained there over the Sabbath, while on a journej'. In old times it was customarj- for judges of court to ride together over the circuit. Upon one occasion thej- reached Brunswick on Sat- urday evening, and concluded to remain until Sunday afternoon, and then proceed to Wiscasset, where the court was to be held. The First Parish in Brunswick was at that time without a pastor, and Parson Eaton was therefore sent for to preach in the forenoon. He did so, preaching a powerful sermon, and at the close of his remarks, knowing the intention of the judges was to proceed on their way in the afternoon, he alluded to their presence in his prayer, and thanked the Lord " that the magistrates of the Commonwealth cherished such respect for the laws and the Sabbath, that they would not violate either bj' travelling on the Lord's day." The judges were so much interested by the sermon thej' had heard, and were so amused by the palpable hit given them by the pastor in his praj-er, that they resolved to remain and attend service in the afternoon. During the intermission they sought an introduction to Mr. Eaton, and were much pleased with his conversation. On their waj' to Wiscasset thej- made a contribution, and sent to Boston and purchased the wig, a verj-fine one, of Judge Lothrop, who had recently died, and sent it to Mr. Eaton, as a testimonial of their esteem. The parson was buried with this wig on his head. As has been said, Mr. Eaton was a man of verj' commanding pres- ence, especially with this wig upon his head. He was once taken for an English judge, by an Irishman in the emploj' of President McKeen. This man, seeing him approaching with his cane, wig, and cocked hat, and fearing' an arrest, dropped an axe which he held, and ran, and was never again seen in Brunswick. The following anecdote will serve to display his ready wit. Upon one occasion he was chosen moderator of a public meeting. He declined, and nominated "Father" Scott, who was a man of small 47 738 HISTORY OF BEVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. stature, feeble voice, and very retiring manner, in his place. Mr. Scolt declined, saying, "Mr. Eaton, there is more dignity in your wig than in my whole body." "Take the wig then," replied Mr. Eaton, catching it off his own head and placing it upon Father Scott's. "^ ELLIS, REVEREND JOJSTATHAN. The subject of this sketch was born in Franklin, Connecticut, April 11, 1762. His father was Eeverend John Ellis, a graduate of Har- vard, class of 1750, and a chaplain in the Revolutionary army. Jonathan fitted for college at New London, and graduated at Yale in 1786. In his 'Senior j^ear he received a prize for excellence in writing. He came to Topsham on probation in July, 1788 ; was ordained over the church and society of the First Parish, September 16, 1789, and was the first settled minister in Topsham. He remained over this societj' ten j-ears, being obliged a portion of the time to teach school in addition to his parochial duties, in consequence of the inadequacy of his salarj'. He was informally dismissed in Sep- tember, 1799. He remained in town, however, teaching school and occasionally preaching, until August, 1811, when he left his home and went to New York State, and afterwards to Delaware to teach. During his residence in Topsham, Mr. Ellis took a warm interest in educational matters and in town matters generally. He fitted quite a number of young men for college, among them John McKeen, Lithgow Hunter, Dean Swift, John Patten, of Bowdoinham, Joseph Sprague, Benjamin Eandall, and others. He was a member of the original Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College, the first secretary of this board, and a member of the examining committee until he resigned these oiBces in 1811. Very little is known of him as a preacher, but he must have been, on the whole, pleasing to the majority of his people, or he could hardly have maintained his position for the length of time he did, over a society made up of somewhat discordant elements. In his theological views he was an Orthodox Congregationalist. Some of his leading parishioners were Presbyterians, and it was doubtless chiefly due to this fact that his connection with the parish as its pastor was sev- ered. His reputation as a writer and a scholar was excellent. He was a superior Latin scholar. He was also considerably interested in his- torical researches, and wrote an historical sketch of Topsham which 1 Pejepscot Papers and Kellogg' s MS, Lecture on Earpswell. BIOGRAPHICAL. 739 was printed in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Soci- ety'. In Februarj-, 1800, he delivered an elogy on Washington at the old First Parish Church in Topsham. The manuscript of that elogy is now in the possession of his son, Doctor Asher Ellis, of Brunswick, and it shows that its author had a poetical talent of more than ordinary merit. He was a member of the Massachusetts Gen- eral Court in 180G, and that year he delivered an oration on the Fourth of July, at the Court House in Topsham, " before the Federal Republicans of Brunswick and Topsham." The audience passed a vote of thanks, and the oration was afterwards published at the office of the Portland Gazette. The following extract from his diar^' is inserted as an evidence both of the ability of the man as a writer and of his Christian char- acter : — "December 31, 1800. This day we close the year 1800 and the eigtheenth centur}'. Great and important scenes have been disclosed on the theatre of human action in the past century, more especially iu the latter part of it. The new empire formed by the Union and Independence of the American Colonies in this western world excited the attention of the European nations,- which had scarcely subsided when the scene began to disclose in France which has greatly injured all and destroyed some of the nations of Europe and astonished man- kind. Where or when this scene of revolution and devastation will end God only knows. To the wise and good this reflection that He governs the world, restraining the wrath of man and causing it to praise him, affords support and consolation. May I be ever under his fear, constantly devoted to his service, and be enabled to say with full consent of mind. Thy will, God, be done. Amen." EMERSON, DOCTOR EBENEZER. Doctor Ebenezer Emerson came to Maine from Reading, Massa chusetts. The date and place of his birth are both unknown. He moved to Topsham, and occupied the house now occupied by Swan- zey Wilson. He married Sally Stinson, a sister of Captain John Stinson, of Woolwich, and afterward married Beckey, daughter of Reverend John MiUer, of Brunswick. His intention of marriage to her was recorded December 20, 1792. His second wife survived him and married again. Doctor Emerson was a tall, raw-boned man. He was liberally edu- cated, but was an odd character. He kept a span of mules with which he drove about to visit his patients. He died prior to 1798. 740 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. ESTABROOK, COLONEL THOMAS S. Colonel Thomas S. Estabrook was born in Lnnenburg, Massachu- setts, August 24, 1777. He served his time as a baker at New Ipswich, New Hampshire, where he married Judith Nichols. He removed to Hopkinton, New Hampshire, where he lived two years. In 1801 he came to Brunswick, where he ever after lived, with the exception of one year, 1817, when he lived at Norfolk, Virginia. At first he kept a bakery, but afterwards engaged in trade. He was one of the first mail-carriers between Brunswick and Augusta, and ran the first passenger coach between these towns. He was a Free- mason. He started the first light infantry company and was its commander. In 1812 he was a major of militia. He was also a prominent fireman. For thirty years he was college marshal. He was an honorable, upright, and genial man, fond of joke and story, and an excellent citizen. EVERETT, EBBIsTEZER, ESQUIRE. Mr. Everett was the son of the Reverend Moses Everett, of Dor- chester, Massachusetts, and was born in that place in 1788. He was of the sixth generation from Eichard Everett, the first American ancestor, who was one of the founders of Dedham in 1636. His father, and the Reverend Oliver Everett, father of those distinguished men, Alexander H. and Edward Everett, were brothers, and sons of Ebenezer Everett. His mother was Hannah Clap Gardner, the third wife of his father. Entering Harvard College in 1802, he became the companion and room-mate of his cousin, Alexander H. Everett, and pursued his studies with diligence and success, graduating with honor in 1806. After his admission to the bar he established himself in Beverly, where he remained until 1817, and where he formed an acquaintance with the excellent lady, Miss Prince, who in 1819 became his wife. In 1817 he removed to Brunswick, where the remainder of his life was spent. He had several children, three of whom survived their childhood, Moses Everett, a young man of much promise, who died in 1840 ; Sarah Ellen Everett, a most estimable young lady, who died in 1847 ; and Charles Carroll Everett, now a professor in Harvard University. Of Mr. Ever- ett's abilities as a lawyer, the late Honorable William Wilhs said : " As an advocate, Mr. Everett made no pretension, but as a wise counsel- lor and an upright and conscientious lawj-er he had few superiors. He was often emploj'ed as a master in chancery and a referee, and by '"■sss?^ BIOGRAPHICAL. 741 his Strict integrity- and ability he seciived the confidence of the commu- nity and acquired a large and profitable practice. In my acquaintance ■with him of half a century, in most of which time we practised at the same bar, I never knew him guilty of an unworthy or dishonorable action ; his conduct was without fear and without reproach ; it was not strained or put on for the occasion, but was inbred and natural. His countenance exhibited both firmness and benevolence, and his life did not betray this revelation." Mr. Everett's services were not confined to his profession, but were required in other departments. On the establishment of the Union Bank, in Brunswick, in 1825, he was appointed its first cashier, with David Dunlap, president. The duties of this office he discharged with great fidelity and promptness for fourteen years, at the same time con- tinuing the practice of his profession. In 1828 he was elected one of the trustees of Bowdoin College, and held the office thirty-six years, until compelled \)j the infirmities of age to resign. In 1838 he was appointed a commissioner, with Chief Justice Mellen and Judge Samuel E. Smith, to review and codify the public statutes of the State. This important work constituted the first published vol- ume of the Revised Statutes, a valuable acquisition to the profession and the people. In 1840 he was chosen to represent Brunswick in the legislature, but politics and public life had no charms for him ; he preferred the quiet pursuits of private life to the noisy and unsatisfactory contests of the political arena. In politics he was an unwavering disciple of the Fed- eral school and of its successors, and was uniformly loyal to the true Republican principles on which our government was founded. During the civil war he gave substantial aid toward sustaining the cause of freedom and equal rights. In his religious views he was a Unitarian, conservative without dogmatism, liberal without radicalism. He was a public-spirited citizen, taking a lively interest in whatever affected the welfare of the town. He died at his home in Brunswick, February 6, 1869. FIELDS, MRS. ELIZABETH. Mrs. Fields was the widow of Robert Fields, Esquire, barrister, in England, a lawyer of ability, who came to America and lived for many years in Boston, where he died in 1812. In 1831,^Mr8. Fields came to Topsham, and opened a school for young ladies in the house now owned and occupied by Mrs. Susan T. Purinton. Of her early life, before coming to this country, notliing is known. Although a woman 742 HISTOSY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPS WELL. of marked ability and refinement, and fitted to adorn any station in life, her reputation in this vicinity was mainly due to her pre-eminent qualities as an instructress. Although she was apparently lax in dis- cipline, j'et she allowed no shirking of duty or abuse of privileges. She always managed to know what was going on around her, and it was a common saj'ing of her pupils, " Mrs. Fields can hear us think." She possessed a wonderful power of drawing out whatever latent power her pupils possessed. She was also very mindful of their phj-sical needs. She followed the English customs in many respects, especiallj' in requiring her household to tany at their meals. Though herself adhering to the social etiquette of the English, she did not require it of her pupils, acknowledging its absurdity here. Although French was made a specialtj- in the school, she insisted upon the necessity of a thorough preliminar}'' knowledge of English, and even went so far as to insist upon a knowledge of American history before commencing that of England. ' She was extremelj' intolerant of shams. She was a good storj'-teller, and was wont to take pleasure in rehearsing tales of the exiled French nobility, many of whom she personally knew. Though not opposed to what she deemed real improvement, she was by nature conservative, and had a profound veneration for the great minds and thinkers of the past. She not only told anecdotes of exiled noblemen, but would occasionally' tell tales of her own j'outh, espe- ciallj' of her presentation at Court, and give her recollections of Mrs. Siddons and of the plots of foreign plays. She was statelj' in figure, and possessed a pleasant but dignified demeanor that was a comfort to her friends, but a terror to the evil disposed. She was very charitable in her disposition, and always had two or three pupils at a time to whom she gave board, tuition, or both. PEOST, MAJOR WILLIAM. William Frost was born December 11, 1781. He was a trader in Topsham for many years, and was also engaged in the lumbering and shipping business. He was the second president of the First Union Bank of Brunswick. He was chosen major of the militia, and was also a representative to the legislature in 1823, 1824, 1828, and 1830. He was esteemed as a charitable, liberal, hospitable, and honest citizen. His religious views were Unitarian. He died Januarj- 17, 1857. FURBISH, BENJAMIN. Mr. Furbish was born in Wells, Maine, May 2, 1807. He learned the trade of a tin-plate and sheet-iron worker, and worked a year or BIOGRAPHICAL. 743 two in St. Andrews, New Brunswick. In 1831 he went to Exeter, New Hampshire, and in 1834 married Marj^ B. Lane of Exeter. He moved to Brunswick in 1836 and continued in trade in Brunswick until January, 1866. His health was broken down earlj- in life, but a strong constitution enabled him to battle with disease through many years. He was one of the earliest and most earnest supporters of the graded school sys- tem in Brunswick, and a member of the first board of agents, in which position he served for a number of years. He was also one of the building committee for the erection of both the grammar schools and Union Street primarj- school-houses. He was a Freemason. He was a representative in 1854 and in 1861. selectman in 1851, and also town treasurer, and in the discharge of his public duties secured the full approbation of his fellow-citizens. " Mr. Furbish was a man who exhibited marked characteristics, a per- son of strong individuality, great frankness of expression, but toler- ant of the faith and opinions of others. He was reserved, uncommu- nicative at times, but still, beneath all this reserve, there flowed a vein of humor which rendered him a most desirable companion in social life, and which was the charm of home. He was keen in his criticisms, but no ill nature marked them. A man with a clear judgment, enlarged and liberal views of men and things, reading much, he proved an excel- lent citizen, ready to promote anj' good object, with labor or purse ; and his fellow-citizens marked their appreciation of the merits of the man by repeatedly electing him to fill offices of honor and trust in this his home for many years. Of incorruptible integritj', dishonestj' and low dealing he held in scorn, and all his transactions were, marked by honesty, and a desire to do justice as between man and man. A mem- ber of the Congregational Church for man}' years, he maintained a Christian character, to the sinceritj' of which others have borne testi- monj'." He died in Brunswick, February 27, 1873. GETCHELL, CAPTAIN JOHN. Captain John- Getchell came to Brunswick from Spurwink, about the time of the incorporation of the town, and settled on Gurnet Point. He was said to be "a large, porth', venerable looking old gentleman, especially when he made his appearance on the Sabbath, dressed in his white wig and triangular hat." Captain Getchell was a member of the board of selectmen in 1739 and in 1749. He was also the first captain of the militia, and served in that capacity for many years. His first wife's name was Elizabeth. It is not known with certainty whether he was married a second time. 744 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. GIDDINGS, DOROTHY. Miss Dorothy Giddings was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, Janu- ary, 1785. She came to Brunswick in 1812, and was welcomed to the hospitality of Captain Richard Toppan, a relative bj' marriage. She was soon persuaded to undertake a private school for children, kept a part of the time in a bacli chamber of Captain Toppan's house, and then in a room in the house of Robert D. Dunning, Esquire. Her influence as a teacher was greatl}' valued. She joined Reverend Mr. Rowland's church in Exeter, and her life for more than sixty years tes- tified to the sincerity of the consecration she then made. She remained in Brunswick about three j'ears, and for a time she was a respected and beloved inmate of the family of President Apple- ton. In 1815 she left Brunswick, spending two or three years with a sister in Newburyport, where she was highly esteemed as a teacher. In 1818, Miss Giddings, with a heart readj' for anj- good work, was induced to undertake a mission in the neighborhood of Foxcroft and Brownfleld. Her object was to open a school for children and youth to fit them to become teachers, to open a Sabbath school, and to insti- tute other means of moral and religious instruction as she could. She lived and kept her school for some time in a log-dwelling, with- out a door to the rude abode, and she was charged with extravagance for having a cheap carpet on the floor. On the Sabbath she had her Sabbath school, which the parents of the children often attended, and if no minister or brother to conduct the service was present, she would, after the school exercises, read a tract or sermon, adding such words of instruction as she could. Besides her school work. Miss Giddings was a nurse for the sick, where she exerted her skill in the knowledge of disease. At one time she bebame so much oppressed with the poverty of the people, that she formed a scheme to travel on horseback from her wilderness home to Exeter and Newburj-port, to beg assistance from friends. She final]}- made that journey of about two hundred and fifty miles on horseback, with saddle-bags. She returned to her people laden with gifts, disposed in the. saddle-bags and on or about the horse. In 1824, Miss Giddings left her mission to minister to a dying sister in Newburyport, and then came to Brunswick, her abode for forty- six j'ears. She opened a store, a well-known resort, in a building which stood where the house occupied b}- Doctor Mitchell and Captain J. D. Pennell now stands. After some years she removed to a building which stood on the corner of Maine and O'Brien Streets, on the site of the present residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene. BIOGRAPIUCA L. 745 Here the poor knew where to find help, the pastor or Christian brother or sister some aid in their Master's work, the inquirer a word in season. She was a woman of no common mould. Energy, decis- ion, determination, a deep fountain of benevolence, strong individual- it}- of character, were unmistakablj- revealing themselves in her daily life under the power of a thorough, overmastering faith. GOSS, DOCTOR EBENEZER H. Doctor Goss came to Brunswick soon after the Revolution. He married a sister-in-law of Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford. He lived at Maquoit until 1804, when he moved up to the village, and soon after moved to Paris, Maine, where he died. He is said to have had an extensive practice, but was a very eccentric man. He some- times indulged too frequently in alcohoKc potations, and it is narrated concerning him that on one occasion when he was inebriated some young rogue got him and his horse into a cow-jard, and put up the bars. The doctor started for his home at Maquoit, riding, of course, around the j-ard several times, and exclaiming with oaths that some one had fenced the road. GRAVES, JOHNSON. Johnson Graves was born February, between 8 and 19, 1732. He married, first, in Falmouth, Sarah, a sister of Stephen and Samuel Staples. He married, second, June 23, 1803, Mrs. Susanna (Hobbs) Staples, formerly of Falmouth. He was grantee in a deed of March 4, 1763, from Samuel Staples, John Patten, and John Fulton, of lot No. 3, of fifty acres in the Cathance mill right. He was in the disas- trous expedition to Bagaduce (Castine) in the summer of 1779. He was a private in the company under the command of Captain Actor Patten. After the defeat of the expedition, he travelled through the wilderness from the Penobscot, until he struck the Sebasticook, where he was met by his brothers Samuel and John, who, on hearing that the remnants of the ill-fated troops were endeavoring to wend their waj' homewards, had started on to meet and relieve their suffering brother and his fellow-patriots. He was found by his brothers much fatigued and in want, but sorrowing most of all for the ill success of the expedition. He was among the troops who first engaged in battle in the attempt to land at Bagaduce. Of his private character nothing is known. GREEN, HONORABLE NATHANIEL. Nathaniel Green came to Topsham with his brother, Peter H. Green, in 1804. They were engaged in lumbering and trade for a number of years, but after a time dissolved partnership. 746 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HABPSWELL. Nathaniel Green was a member of the convention that formed tlie Constitution of this State in 1820, was a member of the Senate from Lincoln County five years, and a member of the House of Represent- atives from th ! town of Topsham five or six years. He was sheriff of Lincoln County one j'ear, register of deeds several j-ears, and at the time of his death a member of the Board of Commissioners of Lincoln County. As a politician, he was upright and honorable : as a citizen, respected and loved by all classes for his moral worth and public and private virtues ; and as a man and a Christian, the friend and counsellor of the poor and unfortunate. He died in Topsham at the age of sixty-six years. GREENLEAF, RICHARD. Richard Greenleaf was born in 1787. He was a man of acute men- tal powers, and was often consulted and employed in matters relating to the settlement of estates. He was a selectman for twelve succes- sive years (1842-64) and also in 1859, and held other public trusts. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity. He died in Brunswick, April 29, 1862. GRIFFIN, JOSEPH. Mr. Griffin was born in 1798, nnd came to Brunswick in 1819, and set up a printing-office. His first work was the publication of the Baccalaureate address by President Appleton. He subsequently printed the works of Professors Upham, Newman, Smyth, and Long- fellow, the publications of the college for a long series of years, and much other matter. He was a printer of judgment, taste, industry, and fidelity, and enjoyed the reputation of being the best printer in the State. In restricted quarters, and with few of the modern appli- ances and conveniences, Mr. Griffin accomplished an immense amount of work. His last elaborate work, " The Press of Maine," testifies to his untiring activity' and his interest in all that pertains to the craft. It is due to his earnest labors that so much that relates to printing in this State is presented in so enduring a form. The last publication which Qame from his hands was a catalogue for the Maine Historical Society. He opened the first bookstore in Brunswick about 1822, and continued the business until his death. He was interested in all matters pertaining to beautif3'ing the town, and took an active part in the work upon the Mall. Mr. Griffin was earnest and devoted in the cause of religion, which to him, in his later years, was rather the out- y^ f / / '' '^ ^ '// BIOGRAPHICAL. 747 growth of Christian love than of dogmatic belief. He was a man of strict integrity, and thoroughlj^ straightforward in all his dealings. He died November 18, 1874. GYLES, JAMES.1 The subject of this sketch, one of the early settlers of Topsham, ■was undoubtedly a relative and is presumed to be a brother of Thomas Gyles, who died at Pemaquid. According 1o his own account, which has been preserved, he left the Downs, England, September .5, 1668, probably with his family, and arrived at Boston November 9. On November 30 they went to Braintree, Massachusetts, where they " hired a house until spring," during which time he took a voyage eastward to look out for a place to settle. On May 10, 1669, they left Boston, and May 17 he says, "We arrived at Merrimathing in Kennebec Eiver, and not liking that house, the fourteenth of October we removed from thence to Whidby,^ a house on the same river, and having lived there two years 1 bought a tract of land of the Indians, and having bought a house upon the same, October 31, 1671, we removed from Whidbj- to go into our own house ; but Muddy Eiver being frozen over, we were fain to go into James Thomas's house. April 16, 1672, we removed from thence into our own house at Muddy River, and having lived there three years and four months," on account of the Indian outbreak they left their house and went to Samuel York's as a garrison, where they stayed a month, but the Indians molesting their cattle and plundering their houses, and having killed several in Casco Bay, some of their men became timid and left, so that they had but nine men in garrison. They accordinglj- left about the middle of September, and went to Arrowsic. They remained there until the last of November, when on account of the number of people in the house, they, with five other families, went to Sjlvanus Davis's house, " on the west side of the river" (probably in what is now the town of Phipsburg) , where they stayed aE winter. After the peace of April, 1676, he went to a Mr. Weaswell's house (which was empty), and planted some corn, intending to go up to Muddj' Eiver again ; but on account of the attack on Arrowsic, August 9, 1676, the3'' were forced to flee for their lives in a canoe, and went to Dam- ariscove, where they staj-ed a week, and then, August 16, sailed for Boston, where they arrived August 18. October 11, 1676, they sailed from Boston, and on the twentj--sixth arrived at Southold, N. Y. ^From Gyles Memorial. ' Whidby or Whisgeag, near Stevens's Carrying-Place. 748 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. They staj-ed there at the house of Richard Brown for one j'ear, during which time he bought some land about fourteen miles west from there, and October 26, 1677, thej' removed to Mattelock, a house about two miles from his lot, where the}- staj-ed about a year. The land being poor, and he dissatisfied, April 7, 1680, they sailed for [New] York [CityJ, where they arrived on the seventeenth. May 22, they went to Governor Andros's house on Staten Island, where they remained four months. On September 7 they went to Mr. Witt's house, " to look after his land, until Sir Edmund could get a lot of land laid out for me," but he being recalled to England, G3ies did not get as good a lot as he expected, and accordingly he sold it and bought a lot in New Jersey. October 14, 1681, he continues, " We removed from Staten Island to Benj. Hull's house in Piscataway, where we stayed all the winter, until our own house was ready. April 6, 1682, we removed into bur own house at the Bound Brook, upon Rariton River, in Piscataway, in the East Province of New Jersey." The reasons for supposing him to be a brother of Thomas are : — 1. The\- both came from England, — James from Kent, and it is not certainly known what part Thomas came from, but probably from the same countj^. 2. James left Boston for Merry-meeting, May 10, 1669. Thomas Wafkins's deed to Thomas Gyles was dated only two days before, viz., May 8. 3. They lived near each other while in Maine. 4. They both went to Long Island, N. Y., in 1676. 5. They both had interest with Governor Andros. 6. Thomas Gyles named his first son for himself, his third' son for his brother John (probably) , and his second son was named James. 7. Tradition. The negative testimony is that Thomas and John have left nothing in regard to him, and that there are no affidavits of the settlers as in the case of Thomas. GYLES, CAPTAIN JOHN.i The subject of this sketch, a son of Thomas who was killed at Pemaquid, was taken prisoner by tha Indians at the time of his father's death, August 2, 1689, and was carried to the St. John'-s River. He was with the Indians six years, and was then sold to a French gentleman in New Brunswick. He remained with the latter ^From Gyles Mtmorial. BIOGRAPHICAL. 749 until June 13, 1698, when he was given his freedom and sailed for Boston, .where he arrived on the nineteenth of June. He was in cap- tivity eight years ten months and eleven days. After reaching Boston he was employed the greater part of the time, by private parties and by the government, as an interpreter with the Indians, from June 28, 1698, to April, 1706. This latter year he received a commission as captain, having previously served as lieutenant. In 1707 he went to Port Eoj^al under Colonel Salstonstall. In 1708, and again in 1 709, he was sent to Port Royal with a flag- of truce to exchange prisoners. Between 1709 and 1715 he resided in Salisbury, Massachusetts, and was an innholder there. In August, 1715, he received orders from Governor Dudley to build a fort at Pejepscot. It was finished November 25, 1715. His paj- was thirtj' shillings per week, and the proprietors gave him £5, which he was not altogether satisfied with. He was dismissed from Fort George, December 12, 1725, and the next day was commissioned for the garrison at St. George's River. November 28, 1728, he was commissioned a justice of the peace. In 1737 he retired from the military service and removed to Roxbmy, where he died. " He was a man of stern, unbending virtue, a true patriot, and a sincere Christian, upright in the discharge of dutj', both to God and man. He served his country faithfully on a dangerous frontier, and was just and kind, j-et ever vigilant, in his transactions with the abo- rigines. He was a man of energy and activit}^, and became possessed of considerable property, as appears from his will and from many deeds on record." Many of his letters to the governor and his muster- rolls are in the Massachusetts State archives. We append a fac- simile of his autograph. GYLES, THOMAS.* Thomas G-yles resided in Topsham until late in the autumn of 1674, when, on account of the death of his father, and not because he was driven away by the Indians, he went to England with his family. Having obtained possession of his father's property, he returned to New England, probably in the autumn of 1675 or spring of 1676. From Gyles Memorial. 750 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. He intended returning to Pleasant Point, Topsham, but was prevented by the Indian war then going on. In the summer of 1677 he^returned there, but finding the place deserted, he went to Pemaquid. •'He was a man of wealth. . . . He was also a gentleman of great personal worth, of high religious character, a strict, unbending Puri- tan, a careful observer of the Sabbath, faithful and fearless in the dis- charge of all his duties. As a magistrate ' and ruler, who must be a terror to evil-doers, as well as a rewarder of those who do well, he met with much difficulty in enforcing the laws among a people who had long been accustomed to live, without restraint." GYLES, TH0MAS.2 Thomas Gyles, the son of the subject of the preceding sketch, was, without doubt, born in Topsham, as Lydia Felt, aged sixty-one, de- posed July 22, 1718, that she lived in his father's family and was there when Thomas was born. He was, so far as can now be determined, the first white child born in Topsham. He escaped from the Indians at the time of his father's death at Pemaquid, and went to Boston, where he probably lived the remainder of his. days. At any rate he was a ferry-man there in 1727, and kept a retail store in 1730. On August 15, 1727, Thomas Gyles, ferry-man, John G3-les, gent., Mary Brewer, widow, and Jonas Webber, lawyer (or sawj-er) , and Margaret his wife, all of Boston ("Thomas and John are sons, and Marj'and Margaret the daughters of Thomas Gjles, late of Pemequid, deceased "), in consideration of sistj' acres where their father's house stood in Topsham, and five hundred and fifteen acres on Cathance Point, relinquished to the Pejepscot proprietors their father's right in the neck of land on Muddy River Point, and all other lands of their father in Topsham. HALEY, PELATIAH. Pelatiah Haley was born in Kittery, Maine, October 8, 1740. He married Elizabeth Lewis, who was born April 9, 1743, and died Feb- ruary 19, 1836. He was called Captain in consequence of having, for a time, commanded a company of militia. His sister Susannah mar- .ried John Merrill, Esquire, of Topsham. Captain Haley moved to Topsham in May, 1769, coming by water. Captain Haley was in the Indian campaign of 17.59 or 1760 ; in the French war, at Lake Champlain and Montreal, under Captain John ' At Femaquid. ' from Gi/tcs Memorial, BIOGliAPHICAL. 751 Wentworth, of Kitteiy. The next year after the capture of Quebec (1760), he was engaged in battle at the taking of the Isle of Aux.i He was one of the Committee of Safety during the Revolutionary war, for three years. He was also one of the party at the capture of Cap- tain Mowatt, at Falmouth, in May, 1775. He was an orderly corpo- raUn Captain Actor Patten's company in the Bagaduce Expedition in 1779, and was in the attack at the landing of the troops. After the defeat of the Americans he, guided by a compass, penetrated the wil- derness and reached the Sebasticook, where he hired a canoe and thus reached home. He died in Topsham, October 29, 1819. HALL, PAUL. Paul Hall was the son of Hate-evil Hall, of Falmouth, now Port- land, and came to Brunswick in the latter part of the last century. He first lived for a while on a farm at Rocky Hill, and in 1798 moved to a house in the village that stood where the Pejepscot Bank is now. He afterward lived on Mason Street. He was at one time largely engaged in the lumbering business, and lost heavily in the great freshet of 1808. The latter part of his life he was a surveyor of lumber. He was a Quaker, an upright, honest man, who expected others to be as honest as he was himself, a good husband, father, and Christian citizen. He died in April, 1841. HASEY, BENJAMIN, ESQUIRE. Benjamin Hasey was a native of Lebanon, Maine. His father, Isaac Hasey, the first minister of that town, was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and graduated at Harvard in the class of 1762. He was settled in Lebanon in 1765, where his son Benjamin was born, July 5, 1771, and was named from an uncle who took his degree from Cambridge in that year. His mother was a daughter of William Owen, of Boston. Mr. Hasey, like his father and uncle, was a graduate of Harvard, class of 1790. Mr. Hasej' received his preliminar}- educa- tion at Dummer Academy, under the tuition of the celebrated Master Moody, and entered college in 1786. Soon after leaving college, he entered the office of Judge Thacher, in Biddeford, as a student, and was admitted to practice in April, 1 794. In June of the same year he established himself at Topsham, 1 So Woodman says in his MSS. We can find no such island. The Isle of Aix, France, was the seat of a naval battle in 1747, but this date is too early. 752 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND EARPSWELL. •where he continued to reside until his death, March 24, 1851, a period of fifty-seven years, a single as well as a singular man. Mr. Hasey represented his town in the legislature of Massachusetts several years before the separation ; but he had no taste for politics, and he withdrew from all public employment. He was, for fifteen years, one of the trustees of Bowdoin College. Reserved and retired in his habits, he became more so as he left the common highway so much frequented by law3-ers and politicians. It was not unnatural that a man of his sensitive nature should have shrunk from scenes which are often contaminated b}' low intrigues and self- seeking arts. Of the most rigid integrity, regular and quiet in all his modes of thought and action, nothing disturbed him more than the cant of demagogues. As may be supposed, he was strongly conserva- tive ; change was distasteful to him. This maj' be a reason why he never married. For more than thirtj'-eight years he boarded in the same famih', and for many 3-ears occupied the same office, to which he daily resorted until within a few days of his death, in the same manner as when he was in practice. But with all his peculiarities, he was ever to be relied upon ; his word was sacred, his act just, his deportment blameless. As a counsellor, his opinions were sound and much val- ued, and for many j'ears he had an extensive practice in the counties of Lincoln and Cumberland. He rarelj' appeared as an advocate, his natural diffidence and reserve disqualifying him for any displaj'. Many years before his death he left the active duties of his profession ; the innovations which were taking place in the manners and course of prac- tice at the bar were ill suited to his delicate and conservative feelings. The want of ancient decorum and respect, the absence of forensic courtesy, fretted upon his nerves. The abolishing of special pleading annoj-ed him, and the revision and codification of the statutes thor- oughly confused his habitual notions of practice, displaced his accus- tomed authorities, and cast him afloat, in his old age, on what seemed a new profession. He lived in the past and believed in it, and strove, as much as mortal could, to keep himself from the degeneracy of mod- ern ideas. Mr. Hasey, at the time of his death, was the oldest sur- viving law3^er in the State ; when he commenced practice the whole number was but seventeen, all of whom he survived except Judge Wilde, who had removed from the State. i The Honorable Frederic Allen, his contemporary in Lincoln County, has furnished the following well-considered estimate of Mr. Hasey's ' William Willis's The Law, Courts, and Lawyers of Maine. BIOGRAPmCAL. 753 character and standing : " He was well versed in the principles of the common law. His reading was extensive, both legal and miscellane- ous. His memory was tenacious, his habits studious. In his person, though very small in stature, he was of the most perfect formation, and always most neatly attired. He had much good sense, and was a strict adherent to the old Federal party, from whose leading opinions, so long as the partj' had a distinctive existence, he never wavered, and had little charity for those who did. He was not much employed as an advocate ; he generally argued not over one case a year, and that was done verj- well. His address to the jurj- was brief, free from all rep- etition or copious illustration. He left the world in the same appar- ent quietude in which he had lived, leaving a name much honored and a character highly respected." In his religious views he was a Unita- rian. HASKELL, DEACON JOSHUA. Deacon Haskell moved to Topsham, August 2, 1818. He had been previously engaged in the lumbering business on the Androscoggin River, and still continued at that occupation. When he first came to town, he resided in the house recently occupied by Sandford A.Perkins. In about six months afterwards he moved on to "the Island," and took up his abode in the Nathaniel Green house, recently occupied bj- Captain Henrj' W. Green. At the time of his entering this residence, Mr. Henry Bowman, from Litchfield, moved in and occupied one half of the house. Earlj' in 1819, Messrs. Haskell and Bowman formed a partnership in business and commenced manufacturing lumber, buy- ing logs at the head of the Androscoggin, which thej^ drove down, in the spring of the year, into booms. They rafted and sawed boards, shingles, clapboards, and laths for many years with good success. They finallv dissolved partnership, and Mr. Bowman moved to Gardiner, where he died. Deacon Haskell was also engaged in trade. The small residence now occupied by Mrs. Berry, opposite the blacksmith shop of Samuel Jameson, was for some years a store, bearing the sign of Bowman & Haskell. In 1826 he built the house now occupied by Ebenezer Colby, and moved into it in N^ovember of th^ same year. He afterwards removed to the house on the corner 'of 'Main and Elm Streets, where his fam- ily still resides. ■' He was made deacon of the Free-Will Baptist Church at its first organization. He was a captain of the Artillery Company for some years, and 48 754 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HABFSWELL. was afterwards chosen major. He served in the war of 1812, having enlisted at the age of eighteen. Joshua Haskell was a man of enlarged views and a liberal disposi- tion. He was kind-hearted, unselfish, and benevolent. He was a man of the highest integrity of character and was a sincere Christian. He possessed a rare humor and was alwaj's good-tempered. He invaria- bly looked upon the bright side, and his cheerfulness was undiminished by loss of property or other dispensations of Providence. ^^^4=. HINKLEY, JUDGE AAEON. Aaron Hinkley was one of the noted men of Brunswick in his da}'. Of his personal appearance and manner nothing is now known, but he is said to have had but one eye. The tradition which accounts for the loss of the other eye is, that a " tame " Indian in the employ of Aaron's father was one day holding him in his lap, and accidentally dropped a live coal from his pipe into the boy's ej'e, totally destroying the sight. He was a man of good judgment, and was often engaged in the ser- vice of the town, either on committees or as a selectman. He served in the latter capacity five several years, 1745, 1750, 1755, 1759, 1760. In 1775 he was one of the judges of the Court of Sessions for Lincoln County. When Topsham was incorporated, in 1764, Judge Hinkley was directed to issue his warrant for calling the first town meeting. In his religious views he was a Congregationalist, and was very severe in his opposition to Presbj-terianism. He lived where Ephraim Larrabee resided in 1854. HINKLEY, DEACON SAMUEL. Samuel Hinkley was born in Harwich, ^::efe^*n?ny77lrf^^ He moved to this State, and in 1729-30 is named as one of several persons asso- ciated together for the purpose of forming the First Church of Bidde- ford. On August 29, 1735, he purchased of James Kent, for one hun- dred and fifteen pounds, thirty -five acres of land in Biddeford. He was chosen a deacon of the church there. He soon after, however, moved to Brunswick, and settled at New Meadows. His wife's name has not been ascertained. He was selectman in 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, and 1743, and a representatiYein 1747. Hi^ U/^-cfi*:) in (hutt*- / HUMPHREYS, GENERAL JOHN C. John Campbell Humphreys, the son of Lawrence and Frances (Campbell) Humphreys, was born in Georgetown (now Phipsburg), February 22, 1798. BIOGRAPHICAL. 155 His father afterwards removed to Topsliam, and at the age of four- teen John C. entered the store of Jotham Stone, of Brunswick. Active, intelligent, upright, and energetic, he soon won the confidence and esteem of his employer, and before he had attained his majoritj', Mr. .Stone sold his stocii to him and Ephraim Brown, and they, as Brown & Humphrej's, continued the same business for severalyears. He afterwai'ds formed a partnership with A. B. Thompson, and for many years the firm of Thompson & Humphrej-s were largely engaged in lumbering in the woods, and in manufacturing at their mill in the Cove in Brunswick. This connection continued until 1850. In 1848, General Humphreys, as he was then universally called, bought the Dunning farm, at the Narrows, and transferred his business to that location, building a steam saw-mill and a ship-yard. Here, in connection with his sons John H. and Charles C, he carried on the manufacture of lumber, and from the ship-j'ard were launched, in suc- cessive 3-ears; the ships Ophir, J. C. Humphreys, Singapore, Mareng-^, and the bark Annie Kimball. In politics General Humphrey's was a Democrat, and he held many oflBces of importance. He was a senator in the State legislature, high sheriff of Cumberland Countj- for several years, and collector of the port of Bath under President Polk. As a citizen he interested himself in all that related to public and town affairs. He took an active part in military matters, and rose to the rank of major general of militia. He was chief warden of the fire department of Brunswick for many years. It was, however, as a Mason that he was probably most widely known throughout the State. He early took a deep interest in the subject of Freemasonry, and "was honored with the highest positions of the order !n the State. In all his relations as a citizen, politician, Mason, and man, to use the words of a contemporary, " he sustained a character above reproach." He married Angeline Whitmore, daughter of John AVhitmore, of Bath, December 31, 1823, by whom he had a large family of children, five of whom survived him. His health, which had always been remarkably robust, failed him in 1864, and he died June 18, 1865, at the age of sixty-seven. He was buried with Masonic ceremonies, and his funeral was attended by a lar^e representation of the Masonic order from different parts of the State. His wife survived him but a short time, and died October 14, 1866, at the age of sixty-four. 756 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. HUNTER, ADAM. Adam Hunter, a grandson of Captajn Adam, and son of James, was named for his grandfather. He enlisted in the army in the Eev- olutionar}' war, nnder Captain, afterwards Colonel, John Reed. He was but sixteen years of age at the time. He is said to -have been under General John Sullivan when the latter laid waste the country of the Six Nations, about 1778 or 1779. The following traditional account of his capture at that time, and his subsequent escape, is given : — " Having been sent out on a scouting partj', he was taken captive b}' the Indians. By them he was stripped of all he had, and was left with barely a blanket, or some such slight clothing. In his captivity he was associated with a Dutchman who lived among the Indians and was acquainted with their language. The pappooses, or young Indians, were in the habit of applying pointed splinters of pitch-wood, prick- ing him and tormenting him, and then laughing to see him dodge their mock assaults. The Dutchman, having been flogged by one of the squaws, resolved to attempt his escape, and communicating his purpose to Hunter, they contrived to quit them. Hunter carrjing his hat full of corn, which they had contrived to secrete for this purpose, and the Dutchman carrying a hatchet. With these slender means of sustenance and defence, after Hunter had been among them about three weeks, they made their escape. Their only food for eight days was the dry corn, about two quarts in quantity, which they took with them. At one time in their wanderings they lost their vf&y, and heard the barking of the Indians' dogs. The Dutchman was for sur- rendering himself again to the Indians' ; but Hunter, contriving by some excuse to get possession of the hatchet, threatened to split his brains if he attempted to give himself up ; and at length they suc- ceeded in reaching the settlements at Ilarpersfield, New York, where Hunter was supplied with clothes, etc., and again joined the army. At the time of their escape it was in the month of October, and Hunter said there was occasionally to be found some snow in the low lands. Hunter served three j-ears and then returned home." After his return Adam went to school at Bath. While here, after much persuasion, he went on board a privateer. Some prizes were taken and carried into Salem or Boston, but at length he was cap- tured and carried into Halifax. His father and uncle went to Halifax to obtain his exchange, but before his arrival Adam, with about five hundred other American prisoners, had been put on board a vessel BIOGRAPHICAL. 757 called the CornwalUs, to be conveyed to Boston. The vessel was lost, and Adam was never heard of afterwards. This was in the autumn of 1781.1 HUNTER, JAMBS. The subject of this sketch, a son of Captain Adam Hunter, was one of the selectmen of Topsham in 1767, 1768, 1773, and 1779. He was chosen to this office again in 1780, but declined service. He was on the committee raised in February, 1781, to see to the procuring of seven men for the Continental army. He is styled Major in the town records. His son John, called "Bald-headed John," stated, about 1833, that his father had been a major in the Revolutionary war, and that he was made a colonel about the close of the war, and that his commission was signed by Hancock. Bald-headed John also said that his father was under Colonel North (whom he called Judge North) of Augusta. He said that he had heard his father and the old soldiers speak of Judge North as colonel, in ridicule ; that they used to have a good deal of fun about Colonel North, and that the latter was nicknamed "Jo Bunker." "When his son Adam (see preceding sketch) was carried to Halifax, James Hunter, with his brother Robert, procured two prisoners and went to Halifax to obtain an exchange. He was there detained and imprisoned about a fortnight, it being charged against him that he was a sp3'. He was liberated, however, and sent home in a schooner, one Captain Powell, master, who landed him at the mouth of the Kennebec River. He reached home about Christmas, 1781. The father ot James Hunter's wife was Thomas Williams, who came from England, Februarj^ 18, 1717, " when gooseberries were in blow,'' and reached Boston, April 17, 1717, " when the snow was very deep." He was employed in teaching Latin in Boston, and subsequently removed to the part of Georgetown that is now Bath. It is said that he was a phj'sician, and that he often expressed his regrets at having ever left England. Colonel Hunter died about 1809, at the age of seventy-four, leaving a family whose posterity are still numerous in town. KENDALL, ELDER HENRY. Elder Henry Kendall was born in Sandford, July 3, 1774. He had ten brothers and sisters. When he was ten years old he went to "Wells and lived with Captain S. Hatch. "When he was about thirteen 1 From Woodman's MS. Notes. 758 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. years old his father deserted the family, and Henrj- went to. Centre Harbor and was apprenticed to Mr. Marston to learn the tanner's and shoemaker's trade. He received only three months' schooling. In October, 1801, he began to preach. In 1802 he visited Mt. Vernon, Palermo, Belfast, Hallowell, Litchfield, Bowdoinham, Au- gusta, Bowdoin, Sidney, Bloomfleld, and Mercer, preaching in each place, and returned to Litchfield, where he settled. In 1812 he was representative to the legislature from that town. March 18, 1818, he moved to Topsham and bought a farm. He was settled over the Baptist Church in Topsham for about ten years, and ever after made it his home, though he preached as a missionarj- over almost the entire State. Of his style of preaching but little is known, except that he was noted for the power and compass of his voice. It was once said by Doctor Porter, in reference to Mr. Kendall and one of the other ministers, that he could " staj- at home and hear Elder Kendall, or go to the Orthodox Church and hear them both." The Baptist vestry was then opposite the present cemetery, and Doctor Porter lived in the Purinton house near. KING, HONORABLE WILLIAM. William King, the first governor of the State of Maine, was born in Scarboro', February 9, 1768, and died in Bath, June 17, 1852. When nineteen years old a division of his father's property was made, and his share was a yoke of two-j'earrold steers. With these steers he started east in the spring of the j'ear to seek his fortune. It was cold, but having neither shoes nor stockings, he went barefooted. He stopped at many houses on the way, offering to work for his board. He finally reached Topsham and found employment in a saw-mill. He was industrious and frugal, and in a year and a half had laid by enough to purchase one half a saw, and it was not long- before he owned a whole saw, and finallj' a whole mill. After a while he formed a copartnership with his brother-in-law, Doctor Benjamin Jones Porter, under the name of Porter & King, and opened a store, Mr. King devoting his attention chiefly to his lumber interests, and Doctor Porter assuming control of the store This copartnership existed for some years after Mr. King's removal to Bath, which took place in 1800. Mr. King was one of the incorporators of the toll-bridge, and also one of the incorporators of the first cotton-mill in Brunswick. After his removal to Bath he opened a store there. He was also extensively engaged in ship-building for manj- years. He was at one time a BIOGRAPHICAL. 759 member of the Massachusetts legislature. In 1811 he was major- general of militia. In 1812 he was president of the Bath Bank. While in the Massachusetts legislature " he was distinguished hj- his efforts in behalf of religious freedom, and of securing to original settlers upon wild lands the benefit of their improvements. He was an early and ardent advocate of the separation of Maine from Massa- chusetts, and upon the consummation of that act presided over the Convention which met in 1819 to frame the Constitution of the new State. He was in 1820 elected tlie first governor of Maine, and after holding office a little more than a j'ear, became one of the United States commissioners for the adjustment of Spanish claims. He also held other offices of importance under the general and State govern- ments, including that of collector of the port of Bath."i He was the first grand master of the Grand Lodge of Maine Freemasons. LARRABEE, CAPTAIN BENJAMIN. Captain Benjamin Larrabee came from Portland, then Falmouth, to assume the command of the fort in Brunswick about 1727. In December of that year he petitioned the General Court of Massachu- setts " for a recompense for services in going from Boston to Bruns- wick, the journey having consumed one month." He lived in the fort for some years, and his children were born there. He afterwards lived at New Meadows, Where the house of Andrew Thomas now stands. He was the agent of the Pejepscot proprietors, and before the incorporation of the town he had the principal management of the concerns of the township. In 1735 he superintended the building of the old WestMeeting-House, purchasing all the materials, attending to the transportation, etc. He died in 1748 and was buried in the graveyard attached to the fort. There are now no traces of this burying-ground. Captain Larrabee was a Worthj' man, much beloved by those inti- mately acquainted with him. He was considered a good business man and was much respected for his integritj"" and faithfulness to his trust. His posterity are numerous and highty respectable. His son Nathaniel was town clerk for thirt3'-seven j-ears, from 1766 to 1802 ; selectman from 1783 to 1800, and was otherwise prominent in town affairs. 1 New American Vyclopcedia, 10, p. 167. For further particulars see also Popham Memorial volume, Maine Historical Cr^llection, pp. 206 to 213. 760 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. LABEABEE, CAPTAIN NEHEMIAH. Nehemiah Larrabee was born in Brunswick about 1800, and lived for many years on Federal Street. He began life as a sailor and soon obtained his title of captain. " Possessing a naturally strong constitu- tion, an active mind, an iron will, indomitable energj-, and a persever- ance nothing could daunt, he won his waj^ to a handsome competence. As a husband and father he was most indulgent ; as a friend, true as steel, and with a heart open as a child to all proper claims upon his time or means for the relief of th,e sick or suffering." He died May 6, 1863. LEMONT, ADAM. Mr. Lemont was born in 1797, and moved from Bath to Brunswick about 1835. He was largely engaged in the lumber business and in trade as a member of the firm of Lemont, Forsaith & Hall. He was afterwards president of the Brunswick Maine Insurance Company and of the Union National Bank. He was a director of the latter at the time of his death. He was a selectman in 1842, 1843, and 1844, and representative in 1844 and 1845. Pie was also largel}" engaged in ship-building. An active, energetic, and well-educated business man, he managed his affairs with great shrewdness and accumulated a handsome property. He was a most agreeable man in social inter- course, well posted in public affairs, an esteemed and valuable citizen. He died February 24, 1874. LINCOLiSr, ISAAC, M. D. Doctor Isaac Lincoln was born in Cohasset, Massachusetts, in 1780. He fitted for college under the tuition of Reverend Josiah Crocker Shaw, of Cohasset, and of Reverend Kilburn Whitman, of Pembroke. He graduated at Harvard in 1800, and for two j^ears afterward taught a grammar school. He studied medicine -tyith Doctor Thomas Thaxter. In 1804 he settled as a physician in Topsham. In 1 820 he married Maria S., daughter of Captain John Dunlap, and moved to Brunswick. In 1831 he received the degree of M. D. from Bowdoin College, it being bestowed as a compliment. He was a member of the Medical Faculty of the Maine Medical School from 1820 to 1867. He was a member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College, and it is said that he never missed a meeting of that Board for over sixt}^ j'ears. He was at one time chosen a member of the governor's council, but declined the honor. cA^ ■C^ c(_ c<_ ISAAC IINCOLM". 1 [ D. £"/y'./i/-.Z/// '//^ BfAi'J,:.; A/'V/-,'/j,//, aMHh. m \^\ i^^mm ^:\ t^^^^^^^gWRii^'^I^JH^ J3^^^^^^ * ' ^ ..jjSSjta^^MilJB^^^^K '' -^^^B^^^^^'^^^'lte^^^^te'-fs -: -^^^^^HpHn^^^^^^ft' "^^^^^^^^K^^^^^B^^^^^P ^o^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BI^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^9f^^^^^> ^^^^bI^^^^^^^^^^^& ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ '^^^^H^^^^ ^^^^^^' ^' ^^^^^^^^H^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ML BIOGRAPHICAL. ' 761 Doctor Lincoln was a very public-spirited man, and the result of his influence is still to be seen in Brunswick. The prominent traits of his character were his individuality and his positiveness. Though firm in his opinions, he never objected to hearing and discussing the views of those who differed with Mm. As a man he was generous-hearted, kind, genial, and fond of children. He was a member of the First Parish Church, and was a sincere Christian. In business matters he was upright, impulsive but honest, bold and independent. As a phy- sician he was ver^- popular and had an extensive practice. It is said he particularly excelled in the diflScult art of diagnosis. Certain it is that few difficult cases of disease occurred in the practice of his pro- fessional neighbors without his opinion and advice being invoked. He died March 6, 1868. LINCOLN, JOHN D., M. D. '• Doctor Lincoln, more generally spoken of as Doctor John in the lifetime of his father, the late Doctor Isaac Lincoln, was bom and bred in the house in which he lived and died. He entered Bowdoin College in 1839, graduated in 1843, and graduated from the Maine Medical School in 1846, and at once went into practice with his father. " The doctor won a large measure of success in the prajtice of his profession, working earlj' and late, driving far and near, to meet the constant calls for his professional services. Even after his health had become seriouslj' impaired, he was found making his dailj^ calls upon patients, who comprised everj' class in the community, for the doctor was no respecter of persons. " He ranked high in the estimation of his professional brethren, and for years has often been called by them in consultation over difficult cases. His intercourse with them at such times was marked by cour- tesy and a gentlemanly regard for the rights of the profession. He won success as a practitioner, and he won it as well by his loving, genial, mirthful ways in the sick-room. In this matter of kindly atten- tion to the sick. Doctor Lincoln had few if any superiors. " He was well read inliterature outside of his profession, interested in the discussion of the political topics of the day ; possessing a reten- tive memory and the keenest sense of humor, he was ever a most interesting companion in the social circle, enlivening it by his sallies of wit, and by the narration of anecdotes of the most vivacious descrip- tion. The same characteristics that he manifested in public endeared him to liis family in the privacy of hoine. He was greatly interested in the development and ornamentation of the village, and to his well- (62 HI8T0BY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. directed efforts, preceded by those of his father, are the people largelj' indebted for the present excellent condition of the Mall. He was remarkable for the conservative, peaee-presen'ing element of his char- acter and for his great fondness for children. Doctor Lincoln was a member of the Superintending School Committee of Brunswick, a mem- ber of the Board of Overseers of the College, and a member of the Faculty of the Maine Medical School. At a meeting of the Medical Faculty, resolutions expressive of respect and sympathy were passed." To this tribute to his memorj'^ it should be added that he was deeply interested in the preparation of this volume, and rendered much valu- able assistance, which was continued even after he had taken his bed in his last sickness. He once said to the writer that he desired to live long enough to write his reminiscences of fifty 3-ears' practice in Bruns- wick. He died June 3, 1877. LTJNT, AMOS. Amos Lunt came to Brunswick soon after the Revolution, and built a grist-mill. At first he lived in the fort, but soon built a two-story house on the corner of Mill and Bow Streets, where he resided at the time of his death. He was ^ soldier in the Revolutionary War, enlisting soon after the battle of Bunker Hill. He served in the armjr eight years, and a part of the time was a sergeant. He was at Vallej' Forge in the memora- ble winter of 1777. He was also present at Cherry Valley, at the sur- render of Burgojne, and also at that of Cornwallis, and was with Gen- eral Sullivan when he went into the Indian country. Mr. Lunt at first received no pension, but a few ^-ears before his death, the law regard- ing pensions having been changed, he received one hundred and fifty dollars a year. Mr. Lunt was fond of company, especiallj' that of the young', and took delight in rehearsing the stirring scenes of the Revolution, in which he had taken part. He was a good citizen^ and always took a strong interest in public aft'airs. In politics he was a Whig, and never voted any other ticket. When too feeble to walk to the polls, he insisted upon being carried there as long as he was able to leave his room. MoKEEN, REV. JOSEPH, D. D. The subject of this sketch was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1774, and immediately opened a school in his native town, London- derry, which he kept for several years. Fond of mathematics and philosophy, he, in the summer of 1780, pursued a course of study at BIOGRAPHICAL. 7 fi 3 Cambridge, under Professor Williams, wlio llien filled the chair of Mathematics and Philosophy in Harvard Universitj-. He then com- menced his theological studies under Eeverend Mr. Williams, of Wind- ham, New Hampshire, the instructor of his youth.. Before completing his preparation for the ministry, he was, for a while, an assistant instructor in the academy at Andover. While a candidate for settle- ment in the ministry, he preached with much acceptance to the society in Boston, collected by Reverend Mr. Moorhead, and which afterwards enjoyed the labors of the distinguished Doctor Belknap. In 1785 he was ordained pastor of the church in Beverly, Massachusetts. For seventeen years he discharged the duties of the ministerial office, ever enjoying the respect, confidence, and affection of his people, and sus- taining the reputation of a sound divine and an impressive preacher. In 1800 he preached the sermon on the anniversar}- of the gubernato- rial election, a performance which added much to his reputation. About this time he was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, in whose transactions may be found papers com- municated by him. In 1804 he was complimented bj'his Alma Mater with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. In 1801 he was elected presi- dent of Bowdoin College. In the midst of his labors. President McKeen, whose strength of constitution had given unusual promise of a long life of usefulness, perceived the premonitions of a disease which at length, after a pro- 764 msTORT OB' Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. tracted illness of nearly two j'ears, proved fatal. Just after Com- mencement, in the autumn of 1806, he took a short excursion to Bev- erlj-, the scene of his former labors, in the hope of removing the complaint which was fast wasting his strength ;*but while he was there it returned with aggravated sj-mptoms. At first supposed to be a dis- ease of the liver, it at last assumed the form of drops}'. The most affectionate solicitude of friends and the most enlightened professional skill could not arrest its progress. Having waited calmly and patiently his appointed time, he died suddenly, as he was sitting in his chair, at the age of fortj'-nine }'ears. The event caused deep grief throughout the communitj'. In regard to the quahflcations of President McKeen for the able and successful discharge of the duties pertaining to his exalted and respon- sible station, there was but one sentiment. His sound, discriminating judgment, his cool decision, his equable spirit, his manners, conciliat- ing and at the same time dignified, his kind feelings, his moral excel- lence, his reputation as a minister of the gospel, and the full possession of public confidence, combined with his love of science, fitted him in a high degree for the office he was called to fill. ^ The genealogy of the McKeens may be found in the History of Lon- donderrj-, New Hampshire, pages 284-289. McKEEN, JOSEPH, ESQUIRE. Joseph McKeen, a son of Reverend Joseph McKeen, the first presi- dent of Bowdoin College, was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, 1787. He was a well-known business man in Brunswick, and was widely known throughout the State. He was a cashier of the first Union Bank from 1859 until it closed its aflfairs, and was a president of the second Union Bank for many 3-ears. For thirty-six years he was treasurer of the college, and his admin- istration of the office showed marked ability and thorough rectitude. He was also a director and trustee of the Kennebec and Portland Eailroad Company, and for several years was its treasurer. He was a thorough business man, and exact and methodical in his accounts. He was well read in common topics and in some special departments of literature, including Biblical geography and history. As a compliment to his attainments he had bestowed upon him by Bowdoin College, in 1843, the honorary title of A. M. He was a man of strong affections, indulgent in his family, and kind and benev- ^From a Sketch of Bowdoin College, by Reverend A. S. Packard, D. D. BIOGRAPHICAL. 765 jslent to all. He was a member of the church of the First Parish, a teacher in its Sabbath school, and oftentimes conducted religious services on emergencies. " He was a marked man, with a clear, unclouded intellect, of decided opinions, with an energy that no diflflculties appalled, a determination that went straight to its work, and of unquestioned sincerity of pur- pose in whatever labor engaged. ' ' He possessed a heart ready to respond to the calls of benevolence and friendship, manifested in acts of great Hberality and thoughtful- ness. The demands of duty did not overbear the claims of a common manhood." McKEEN, JOHN, ESQUIRE. John McKeen, a brother of the subject of the preceding sketch, was born in Beverlj', Massachusetts, December 21, 1789; came to Brunswick when about thirteen years old, and lived here for fifty- nine j-ears. He fitted for college with Reverend J. Ellis of Topsham, and graduated from Bowdoin in 1811. He was for man}^ j-ears a secretary of the Board of Overseers of the college. He was engaged in general trade for man}- j-ears, and was much interested in the his- torj' and welfare of the town. For twenty-three consecutive years he served as town clerk, and during this period collected many valuable papers. He was by nature and training an antiquarian. The evidences of his research will be seen by the frequent allusions to his name in this volume. " He ever manifested a warm interest in whatever related to the affairs of the town, and his action was guided bj' a liberal judgment and a truly catholic spirit. Though devoting himself with untiring energ}', and a perseverance that no obstacles could arrest, to a studj- of whatever related to the past, he did not, bur}' himself in the dead past, but lived in the present, holding, however, as his truest guides and safest counsellors, the memorj^ and deeds of men who have long since mouldered to dust. At the same time that he proved himself the good citizen in the broader sphere of life, he was no less the chari- table and kind-hearted gentleman in all that concerned social inter- course. Of a hearty, genial nature, his face, always benignant, occa- sionally beamed with a smile of peculiar benevolence, and his address was always kindl}' and courteous. " He was one of the founders of the Maine Historical Society, and no man has done more to promote the interest and eflSciency of the institution. For historical investigations he possessed an apt- ness, a quickness, a penetration, and an entircness of appreciation 766 mSTOEY OF BRUKSWICK, TOPSriAM, AND HARPSWELL. quite remarkable. There was no brilliancy of intellect ; perhaps, upon- ordinary occasions, his mind moved slowly ; but when investigating New England historj^ there was no sluggishness, no inaction, and no failure to appreciate the subject in hand, however broadly extended, or how intricately related to matters which to the outside observer might appear as foreign altogether. The intellect went straight to its work, and the result reached never failed to secure respect for the man, if it did not always win the verdict of his opponents. ' ' No man was so well acquainted with the records and doings of the Pejepscot proprietors, and he was regarded as standard authority in all matters of controversj' arising under these records and the deeds of these early proprietors of Brunswick. " In politics he was a "Whig of the strongest sect, a supporter of the Constitutional Union ticket of the last campaign, a supporter of measures of peace and conciliation until the sword was drawn ; then a firm supporter of the government in a vigorous prosecution of the war, but always after constitutional forms and in strict accordance with law. '' A Scotch Presbyterian in matters of faith, he adhered with won- derful tenacity to the doctrines of his church, but as exemplified in his life they were divested of all their rigor and sharpness. His spirit was too catholic, his heart too true, his love of his fellow-men too earnest, and his charity too broad to bind him, or to lead him to act less nobly and earnestly than a Christian gentleman should act." He died December 2, 1861. McKEEN, JAMES, M. D. Doctor James McKeen, a third son of President McKeen, was grad- uated at Bowdoin College in 1817. He entered upon the study of medicine under Doctor Matthias Spaulding, of Amherst, New Hamp- shire ; finished his course under Doctor John Ware, of Boston ; grad- uated at the Harvard Medical School in 1820, and at once commenced the practice of his profession in Topsham. In 1825 he was elected Professor of Obstetrics in the Medical School of Maine, and served in that office until 1839. During the two last j-ears of his office be»also lectured on the Theory and Practice o"f Medicine. He >kept up a warm inteiest in this school and in the college during his whole life, and was for many years one of the overseers. " During his college days," says an intimate friend of his youth, '• the civilized world was watching with deepest interest the movements of Napoleon Bonaparte, and no member of college, I am sure, knew so much of those stirring events BIOGRAPHICAL. 767 as young McKeen, who followed the march of the contending armies with the best maps he could command ; as then, so ever after, distin- guished for his extensive and minute geographical knowledge. He took to astronomy when it came in the collegiate course. Late one starlit night, President Appleton descried from his window a light on the steps of the old college chapel. Apprehending some mischief at work at that late hour, he left his house and repaired with cautious steps to the spot, and, unnoticed by the supposed culprit, placed his hand on the young man's shoulder. It was McKeen, all alone, with a celestial globe and a light, observing the constellations in the heavens, ' Ah, McKeen,' exclaimed the astonished president, ' I am glad to find j'ou so well occupied.' This interest in the science continued through life, a comfort and amusement in many a long night drive. He was fearless. Some thought him reckless when he crossed Merry- meeting Bay in earlj' spring, just before the breaking up of the ice, sitting vip on the back of the sleigh, watching for holes in the ice and thus directing his horse on his perilous way. . . . " Doctor McKeen was of the strongest, deepest affections. How he loved his college classmates ! We recall, with delightful remembrance, his gathering the surviving members Of his class to his house, from far and near, a few years ago, on the fiftieth anniversary daj' of their graduation, and there spending two days, brightest in their calendar, together, and his inviting friends to sympathize in their gladness. With a most direct, downright, at times almost rough exterior of man- ner, few men were so easil3' moved to tears. " Doctor McKeen was not a mere professional man. No one could be conversant with him and not be impressed with the proof of his tenacious memory of men and events. In modern political history, whether of our own or other lands, few surpassed him in general state- ment or minute detail. He never made public profession of his relig- ious faith. An habitual attendant on public worship when his pro- fessional calls and his health would permit, uniformly contributing his influence and support to the claims of the sanctuary, he was reserved respecting his own personal religious experiences. He never, however, swerved from the faith of his fathers. He made the revealed word his companion, and of late years seemed to be girding himself for the com- ing of his Lord, often, apprehending the day of His coming to be near at hand, and during his last days and his hours of consciousness . sup- plicating in repeated petitions with agony of spirit for mercy through, and solely for, the merits of a crucified Redeemer." Doctor McKeen, though gentle and kind in the sick-room, possessed 768 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. a wonderful phj'sical energy, and had a rougli bearing externally. He was of a very nervous temperament, which showed itself in his mode of driving his horses. He has always been called a reckless driver, and so he was, as far as danger to pedestrians was concerned, rightly judging that they would give him a wide berth. So -far, however, as pertained to the management of his steeds, he had no superior. He was a man of uncommon strength, and a lover of fair plaj'. His bravery as well as his strength is shown in the following anecdote, ■frhich he himself told the .writer : Once, soon after settling in Tops- ham, he was summoned one dark night to Bath. He went hy wa}^ of Brunswick. When near New Meadows, his horse was suddenly seized by the bridle and stopped. At the same moment a man stepped up to his carriage, presented a pistol, and demanded his monejr. The doc- tor quietly reached out, took the man by the coat-collar, lifted him into the carriage, disarmed him, and then, whipping his horse, broke away from the man who was holding the bridle, and carried the man he had taken to Bath. While he was a professor in college, Doctor McKeen made the tour of Europe, studying in the hospitals. While he was at Dublin, it is related of him that, being one day on the outskirts of the citj', he observed a verj'' large man fighting ydth a small one. Without stop- ping to learn the nature or merits of their quarrel, he at once "pitched into" the large man, and was busilj' engaged in the contest when he was arrested by an officer, and taken to Dublin. He escaped confine- ment by the assistance of the American consul. As a physician. Doctor McKeen possessed keen powers of discrimi- nation and good judgment, and was always fertile in expedients. The wi'iter recollects, on one occasion, while a student in his office, going with him to visit quite a number of patients in the outskirts of Bow- doin, Bowdoinham, and Richmond. The doctor left home in haste, and forgot tO take his medicine-bag with him. The patients were all of them far from any druggist, so that to leave a prescription would hardly have been satisfactory in any of the cases. The doctor was not, however, in the least disconcerted when he made the discovery that he had no medicines with him, but proceeded to give the neces- sary advice in regard to diet, etc., and then instructed them how to obtain and prepare the medicines most appropriate to each case. Tlie suggestions thus obtained have never been forgotten, and have often proved of service to the writer. Surgery was, however, the branch in which Doctor McKeen partic- ularly excelled, and had he lived in a more thickly settled community. BIOGRAPHIOAL. 769 where he would have had more frequent opportunities for practice, he would probablj- have become eminent in this direction. As an instruc- tor of medical pupils, he had, in the earlier years of his professional life, an excellent i-feputation. Later, however, he left his students prett}' much to themselves, merely advising them what to read, and in the latter part of their course occasionally taking them to see his patients. The instruction that he gave at the bedside was, however, very thorough. Doctor McKeen was, to the close of his life, an earnest student. He not only kept up his interest in medical. matters, but also in literary studies, and the last time the writer saw him he asked in regard to the correctness of some classical quotation that he was reading. Doctor McKeen had a livelj' sense of both personal and professional honor. Quacks and quackery he thoroughly and utterly detested and despised. At the same time he himself, especially when he first com- menced, did not hesitate to put in practice a little harmless deception, such as being called from church when not needed, and especiall}- a habit he never gave up, of driving furiously when first starting out. Among the citizens of Topsham, no one will be longer or more dearlj' remembered than he of whom it has been said that " upon his good name no stain ever rested." He died in Topsham, November 28, 1873. McMANUS, CAPTAUSr RICHARD. Captain Richard McManus enlisted as a soldier, at the age of eigh- teen, in Colonel MeCobb's regiment, in the year 1813, and passed his time of service in the woods of Chateaugay ( we suppose in New York, not far from Plattsburg) until December, 1814, when his term of ser- vice expired. Immediately after peace was declared, he shipped as a common sailor in Captain John Dunlap's employ, and sailed with a Captain Growse. As a seaman he made two voyages with Cap- tain William Curtis. He then was promoted to the office of mate, and in 1822 was again promoted to the office of master, and took charge of the schooner Exchange. From that time forward he succes- sive!}' commanded diflTerent vessels, in the employ of various parties, in 1826 becoming interested as part owner with Messrs Washington & Jackson, of Philadelphia. Captain McManus made his last voyage in 1847, in the ship Mon- terey from Mobile to Liverpool and back to New York. In 1854 he was appointed as agent for .Maine for the New York Board of Under- writers, — a position of marked responsibility, demanding skill, judg- 49 770 HISTORY OF BKVNSWICE, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. ment, independence, and honesty for a faithful discharge of duty ; this office he held for ten years, and we may saj-, we believe without a fear of contradiction, that the duty was rendered to the entire satis- faction of the company, and to the great credit of the deceased. During his long and busy life, — for the captain was never idle when work was to be done, — he amassed a handsome propertj-, which, how- ever, the reverses of later years somewhat diminished. A gentleman who knew him well in Liverpool in his younger days, declares that he was one of, if not the finest looking ship-master that ever sailed out of that port ; he bore a close resemblance to E. K. ( ollins of New York, and the mistakes of identity were cause of merriment to both men. A remarkable thing for a sailor, Captain McManus never used tobacco in any form. In his long service on the sea, and in his ten years' work for the Board of Underwriters, Captain McManus had become more widelj' known than any other ship-master in New England, possibly than any in the United States. The deceased possessed a good knowledge of the common affairs of every-day life, of the current politics of the daj-, and was thoroughly up in his calling as a ship-master and as a superintendent of the construc- tion of ships. Clear-headed, he was methodical in his business, prompt to meet liis engagements, and honest in his dealings with others ; pru- dence and forethought marking his management of his business affairs. Captain McManus possessed a fund of animal sx)irits, proving him- self a most companionable man. He was free in his manners, strong in his attachments, and strong in his dislikes ; generous and hospitable in an eminent degree, his house and table were ever open to friends, and that hospitality was bestowed with an ease and cordiality that rendered it doubly acceptable to the recipient. He died in Brunswick, September 3, 1875. ^ MARTIN, CAPTAIN CLEMENT. Clement Martin was born in 1790. He was one of Brunswick's most successful ship-masters. Starting upon hfe with none of the advantages of modern days, he won his way to command and competent fortune through the exercise of an untiring energy, a cool judgment, and great business shrewdness and sagacity. Possessing a clear intellect, he observed closely, storing up many curious and interesting facts of men and things, incidents of his early life. He was a man of strong ' From the Brunswick Telegraph. BIOGRAPHICAL. 771 impulses but of warm feelings, making close friends of those wlio knew liim best. He died June 2, 1869. MEERILL, JOHN, ESQUIRE. Mr. John Merrill was a survej-or. Having been employed by Sir William Pepperell to survey some of his land, Pepperell was so well pleased with him that he advised him to move to the District of Maine, and it was doubtless through his recommendation that Merrill was employed by Governor Bowdoin, of Massachusetts, to survey his extensive tract of land. In 1760, Mr. Merrill packed up his clothes and tools, and with his pack over his shoulder left Arundel, and started on foot for the Andros- coggin River. At North Yarmouth he met a man who had just arrived from Brunswick. He asked the man if there would be any trouble in finding the way. " Oh, no," was the reply, " the way is pretty well spotted out." He then asked him the distance, and the answer was, " They call it eighteen miles, but I will swear for it you will think it twenty-eight miles before jou get there." After arriving at Topsham he began to look around for a farm, and finally made a selection of the old Merrill homestead, where he built a log-house in the rear of the site of the present house. He was after- wards rallied by an acquaintance upon what was deemed his lack of judgment in building so far off from the settlement. While in the employ of Governor Bowdoin he was accustomed each fall, after his season's work was over, to travel on foot, pack on back and staff in hand, to Boston, to render an account of his doings to his emploj'er and receive his pay. Mr. Merrill was for many j-ears the principal surveyor in Lincoln County. He was verj' careful and accurate, and showed a good degree of skill for those times. He was a public-spirited and patriotic man. He was one of the selectmen of ToiDsham in 1764, at the first organi- zation of the town after it was incorporated, and he held that office for eighteen j'ears, at various periods prior to 1800. He was one of the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in 1776, and was one of the principal actors in the affairs of the town during all the period above named. At the June term of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace, held at Pownalboro' in 1777, he took his place on the bench as one of the justices, and he also officiated as such in 1782 and 1 783. In 1772 he was licensed by the court as a retailer, and also in 1778. He was licensed as an inuholder in 1 774. At the town meeting Decem- ber 2, 1776, he was chosen as an ofl5cer to take recognizance of debts. 772 BISTOXY OF BSUNSWICK, TOPSUAM, AND HAEPSWELL Mr. Merrill was a man of judgment and moral worth. He was an ardent lover of books, and collected a large library at a time when books were both costlj- and difflcult to obtain. It is said that he bought the first Cyclopeedia owned in the District of Maine. He was an indul- gent father, and it is related that on one occasion, when his daughter Susannah was only seventeen years of age, he yielded to her solicita- tions and allowed her to make a visit to Bostdn. She accomplished the journey, riding the whole way on horseback, under the escort of the different mail-carriers on the route. The sight of a beautiful and graceful, as well as daring young damsel, galloping along with her red cloak fluttering behind her, created a sensation in all the settlements and towns through which she passed, and one ardent swain was so smitten by her attractions at that time that he did not rest until he made her acquaintance. He at once proposed, was accepted, and the next spring thej^ were married. MEREILL, COLONEL ABEL. Colonel Abel Merrill, son of John Merrill, was emphatically a pubhc man in this community. Saj-s one who knew him well : — " Endowed with good judgment and a thorough knowledge of human nature, superadded to a good education (self-acquired) and a noble mien, he stood foremost among his townsmen. During the war of 1812, and until its close in 1814, he commanded a regiment and did good service in the division of General King, who regarded him as one of his most efficient and accomplished officers. At the close of the war he resigned, and was called into civil service, representing his town in the House and his county in the Senate, besides holding other offices until he declined them altogether. Married to an estimable lady, and having a family of eleven sons and three daughters, all grown up, he, with ample honor and fortune, withdrew from jpublic life to enjoy, with the wife of his youth, a ripe old age in the society of their remaining children, near the church of which they had been active members for over forty years. "As a Christian, a member of the Masonic fraternitj^, a politician, a husband and father, he had few equals, while hospitality has ever been an ' heirloom ' at the Merrill homestead. He could say of his children, that some of them had visited every quarter of the earth, and that neither absence nor distance ever severed the ties which bound them together." BIOGRAPHICAL. 773 MERRILL, CAPTAIN LEONARD P, Captain Merrill was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1842. He studied law, and practised awhile in Brunswick. He finally went to sea, shipping " before the mast." He rapidty rose, however, in his new occupation, until he came into the command of a vessel. At the time of his death, which occurred in New Orleans, November 1, 1871, at the age of fortj'-nine years, he was master of the. ship Amity, of Bath. Captain Merrill was a good ship-master. He also possessed fine talents and a cultivated taste, and was a good musician. He was a man of thorough integritj' of character, and of good judgmen'- and discernment. MERRILL, CAPTAIN MOSES EMERY. Captain Merrill belonged to the Fifth Eegiment, United States Infan- try. He was with General Taylor in Mexico, and participated in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and the capture of jNIonte- rej'. He then joined Scott, and was at the taking of Vera Cruz, at Contreras, Cherubusco, and at Molino del Eey, where he fell. His remains were brought to Brunswick for interment. " The conscientious, gallant, and noble Merrill was detached with the storming paity . and fell early in the action, while waving his sword above his head, and urging on his men to the charge. He fell too soon for his countrj-, but covered with glory acquired in manj- battle-fields." MILLER, REVEREND JOHN. Reverend John Miller, of Milton, Massachusetts, received a call to settle in Brunswick in December, 1761, and was installed over the church of the First Parish in September, 1762. He was settled over this parish for about twenty -four years. During the early part of his ministrj- he apparently gave good satisfaction, and the church appears to have flourished. Towards the close of his ministry, however, con- siderable dissatisfaction was felt, charges were made against him, and eiforts were several times made to dismiss him. As careful an exami- nation as can now be made into the merits of the case appears to show that the differences between him and a portion of the parish were originally owing to a variance of opinion- in regard to matters of church polity. This was a subject upon which the residents of the east and west ends of the town did not harmonize ; the latter favoring the Presbyterian, and the former the Congregational form of church 774 HISTOSr OF BliUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. government. Mr. Miller could not, of course, satisfy both sides, and after a while mutual criminations and recriminations occurred which rendered a settlement by an ecclesiastical council necessary. Before, however, the matter was settled, Mr. Miller's death occurred. Several letters of Mr. Miller, and other papers relating to the matter, are preserved in the Pejepscot Collection. Concerning Mr. Miller's abili- ties as a preacher, and the influence which he exerted, but little can now be said. Judging from his own writings, he was a strict believer in all the doctrines taught in the Westminster Catechism, and endeav- ored conscientiously to act up to his religious views. At the same time it is believed that he was charitably disposed to those who differed with him in what he deemed minor matters of faith. MINOT, HONORABLE JOHN. At what time Judge Minot first came to Brunswick is unknown. As earlj- as 1715 the proprietors voted that " Mr. Watts' discourse with Mr. John Minot about his staying there (Brunswick) this winter, if it be needful, to oversee our affairs, to keep our cattle employed in hailing Timber, &c., and to forward the building of our Houses." Whether he spent that winter here or not is not known ; but he did not, in all probability, take up his permanent residence in the town until after the incorporation, as his name does not appear on the petition for the same, and for some time previously he had been in command of Richmond Fort, and had the control of the truck-house there. He appears, however, to have previously owned a farm on Mair Point. Judge Minot was town clerk of Brunswick in 1744, and that j'ear recorded the names and ages of his children in the town records, the first entry of the kind that was made. He was a justice of the peace, and subsequently Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions. He also represented the town at the General Court for two or three j'ears. He was chairman of the Board of Selectmen for two years, and was the man authorized bj' the General Court to call the first town meeting in Harpswell. Tradition describes Judge Minot as being distinguished for the mild- ness of his manners, the benevolence of his disposition, and for his anxietj^ to promote the peace and happiness of all around him. He was a useful citizen, and was always active in his support of religious institutions. In his manner he was kind and courteous, and was highly esteemed and beloved by all, even by the Indians. It is related i of ^ McKeen, MS. Lecture. BIOGRAPIIWAL. 175 him that, as he was once passing Mair Brook, on his way home from Fort George, two Indians, concealed behind a tree, were just in the act of shooting him, when one of them recognized him, and exclaimed, " Justice Minot ! me no shoot him — he too good man ! " The account goes on to state that not long after, this same Indian came to the judge, and wanted some rum for having saved his life on that occasion. As regards Minot's judicial career but very little is known. He evi- dently- kept his court records loosel}', as some of them are still extant, entered in account books and diaries. From what has been said of him as a man, it is fair to presume that his decisions were generally equitable, whatever may have been his knowledge of law. NEWMAN, PEOFESSOE SAMUEL P. Samuel Phillips Newman was born in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1797, was graduated at Harvard College in 1816, and died at Ando- ver, February 10, 1842. In 1818 he became a tutor at Bowdoin College, and the next J'ear was chosen Professor of Ancient Languages. In 1824 he was trans- ferred to the professorship of Rhetoric and Oratory. He resigned his office in September, 1839, on account of ill health, and removed to Barre, Massachusetts, where he took charge of the Normal School. For about three j'ears Professor Newman discharged the duties of the president of the college, during the illness of Appleton, the then incumbent. As a professor, he added greatly to the reputation of the college, especially by the publication of his "Practical System ofRhet- oric," which, in this country and England, passed through sixtj-'-seven editions, and of his '.' Elements of Political Economy." " The chapter on Taste, in his work on Rhetoric, is the result of much reflection, as well as extensive reading, and, though necessarily brief, is one of the most satisfactory treatises on this subject in the language. Mr. Newman devoted, during the last years of his office, much attention to the subject of elocution. He studied the principles developed by Sheridan, Rush, and other writers, with much care, and conducted this difficult and heretofore neglected branch with skill and success. " As a critic, he was discriminating, of pure taste, well versed in the laws of English composition, and apt in the application of them. In all his relations to the college he was of a ready apprehension, a perspicacious, able teacher, a wise counsellor, and a valuable friend. " Mr. Newman was never satisfied with superficial or indefinite views. He was not of that number who gather up scraps of knowledge. 776 BISTOSY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. Hence he was not discursive in reading. He sought for principles. He investigated patiently and thoroughlj-, and was not contented unless he had some important subject on hand for such investigation. He was endowed by nature in an unusual degree with the elements of a fine taste, a quick sensibility to beauty, great simplicity of heart and character, and a strong aversion to whatever is showj' or affected. His writings were characterized by simplicit}' and naturalness. " In the relations of private life Professor Newman gained the esteem and affection of all who can appreciate worth. His eye, ever ready to kindle and to melt with tenderness, was a sure index of the warm affections within. How he was regarded as a fellow-citizen and a man, may be known from the general interest ever expressed for his welfare after his removal from his home of manj- years, and espe- cialh' during the progress of his long and distressing disease, by those of every condition who had long known him in the various relations of public and private life. " In 1820, Mr. Newman received a license, to preach from the Cum- berland Association, and from time to time, as his official duties per- mitted, he preached with acceptance. As a Christian, he was ever advancing in the divine life. The close of his daj^s afforded a striking exem]3lification of the power of Christian faith to sustain the soul, and to impart that peace which passeth all understanding. "i O'BEIEN JOHN M., ESQUIRE. Mr. O'Brien was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, September 9, 1786. He graduated at Bowdoin in the first class that ever left that college, 1806, and at his death, in 1865, he was the last member. After graduation he is believed to have studied law in the office of Chief Justice Parsons, of Newburyport. He practised his profession awhile in Boston, but about 1845, perhaps earlier, he removed to Brunswick. After coming here he paid little attention to law, but devoted himself to literature, science, and the mechanic arts. He possessed a remarkable inventive faculty. He had a refined taste, was well read in general literature, was a finished writer, possessed good conversational powers, and was a remarkably good extempora- neous speaker. In manner he was modest and rather retiring ; in disposition sensi- tive, warm-hearted, and generous ; among his friends companionable >■ Portland Advertiser, March 7, 18i2. BIOGRAPHICAL. I'l and faithful. His wife Hannah was born about 1756, and died Octo- ber 24, 1826 Mr. O'Brien died in Brunswick, December 19, 18G5. PEE, BENJAMIN, ESQUIEE. Honorable Benjamin Orr, the son of John Orr, of Bedford, New Hampshire, was born in Bedford, December 1, 1772. He was for manj' years a resident of Topsham, and lived in the Ruth Thomp- son house. He was one of the most brilliant and successful adro- eates in the State. The following sketch is abridged from one prepared by Honorable William Willis for another work.' When Benjamin Orr arrived at j-ears of discretion he expressed a desire for a liberal education ; but his father, having eight sons to provide for, was not able to comply with his wishes, and apprenticed him to a house wright. He labored in this capacitj' for two or three years, when he pur- chased a release from his indentures, and worked on his own account, keeping steadily in view the prominent idea of his life, — to qualify him- self for a learned profession. With this intent his head and hands were constantly busy, working at his trade, pursuing a course of study, and keeping school. By keeping steadily in view his great plan of life, his mind was constantly educating itself amidst his daily mechanical toil, hy close attention and constant discipline, superior far to the mere formula and routine stud}' of schools. When in Port- land and other towns in which courts were sitting, he embraced the opportunitj- to spend what time he could spare in listening to' their proceedings, hearing the arguments of counsel and the rulings of the court, and thus increasing his stores for improving the operations of his own mind. In his studies he received much aid from Paul Langdon, a gi-aduate of Harvard, and some time preceptor of Fryeburg Academy, who gave direction to his preparatory studies. With such assistance, and his own unbending perseverance, he was enabled, in 1796, to enter the Junior class of Dartmouth college. While in college he studied law under the direction of William Woodward, Esquire, of Grafton. On taking his degree in 1798, he entered the office of Samuel Dinsmore, late governor of New Hamp- shire, and continued there something over a year, when, thinking ' 'Tlie Courts and Lawyers of Maine. 778 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM. AND HARPSWELL. Maine would be the best field for his future labors, he proceeded to Hallowell, and placed himself under the tuition of the late Judge "Wilde. In the autumn of 1801 he was admitted to the bar in Lincoln Count}', and imm3diately opened an office in Topsham, where Mr. Hnsey was then thj solitary practitioner. In 1803 he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court, and from the position he at once took at the bar, his practice becama very extensive in his own and the adjoining county of Cumberland. On one occasion he encountered the able and distinguished Jeremiah Mason, of New Hampshire, in a bill of equity before the Circuit Court of the United States. The case was of great importance, as may be supposed by the engagement of such an advocate as Mason. His success was complete atid trium- phant, and he was highly complimented by Mr. Mason for the manner and ability with which he conducted the cause. In Chancery practice Mr. Orr became quite eminent, and is said to have been without a rival in the State. He pursued his large and successful practice without interruption by extraneous employments, except for two 3'ears from 1817, when he represented the Lincoln district in Congress. During the first session he did not much engage in debate. On the thirteenth of March he made an able speech in opposition to a resolution which declared that it was the duty and in the power of Congress to authorize the making of p3st, military, and other roads and canals within the several States. The resolution was, however, adopted, by a vote of ninety to seventj'-five. At the next session Mr. Orr made a speech on the Massachusetts Claim, and he also spoke twice on a bill relating to the coastmg trade. His remarks were characterized by sound sense, conciseness, and entire pertinency to the subjects under discussion. Mr. Orr was a useful ■ member, by his clear perceptions, his promptness and fidelity to the duties of his station, and the ability with which he treated everj^ subject to which he gave his attention. This was the last public otiSce which Mr. Orr held. The practice of law suited him far better, and was better adapted to his powers, his education, and his inclinations. He sought it in its highest , forms : it gave full scope to his clear and comprehensive mind and his severe dialectic talent, and he pursued it with elevated aspirations and lofty endeavors which would have no fellowship with meanness in any shape. As an advocate Mr. Orr was concise, logical, and forcible. He seized upon the salient points of a case, and pressed them with a power that was invincible. He did not waste his strength in efforts to sustain. the weak points of his cause, but poured a concentrated light upon its BIOGRAPHICAL. 779 strong features. The manner in which he viewed this style of man- aging a cause may be inferred from his reply to an anxious client, who, sitting by him as he was closing a splendid argument, in which, with conciseness and force peculiar to himself, he had presented his case to the jury, suggested to him some point which he had not touched upon. " I have argued your cause, sir, and cannot stop to pick up the chips." As a law3'er his mind was clear, discriminating, and exact. As he grew in experience and reputation, his business rapidly increased, and his services were called for in all parts of the State. Immediately after his death. Chief Justice Mellen, in a charge to the grand jury, September, 1828, spoke of him as one " who had long stood, confessedly, at the head of the profession of our State ; who had distinguished himself by the depth and solidity of his understanding, by his legal acumen and research, by the power of his intellect, the commanding energy of his reasoning, the uncompromising firmness of his principles, and the dignity and loftj- sense of honor, truth, and jus- tice which he uniformly displaj-ed in his professional career and in the walks of private life." Mr. Orr was appointed «ne*of the overseers of Bowdoin College, and afterwards, in 1814, was chosen a Trustee, which office he held at the time of his death ; and during this time, for one or two years, he held the office of treasurer. His wife formerly resided in Newburj-port, Massachusetts. She was a descendant from John Robinson, the Lej^den pilgrim, and venerated pastor of the Plymouth Church before its migration. By her he had eleven children. The death of this excellent lady, to whom he was most tenderly attached, struck a severe blow upon Mr. Orr, from which he never recovered. His letters to her, when he was absent in Con- gress or upon the circuit, were filled with expressions of anxious solicitude for her health, of deep interest in her comfort, pleasure, and welfare ; and when she was taken from him, he ceased to find conso- lation or support. He died in 1828. His sons, John and Henry, were educated at Bowdoin College. John graduated in 1834, and entered the ministry. Henry graduated in 1846, and entered upon the practice of law in Brunswick, where he is still settled. OWEN, PHILIP. Philip Owen was born in Brunswick, in February, 1756, and died May 28, 1849. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and a 780 niSTORY OF BSVNSWICE, TOPSJIAM, AND HARPSWELL. member of the General Court in 1812 and 1813. The following extract from a letter written bj' him, under date of June 14, 1843, to J. T. Bncldngham, president of the Bunker Hill Monument Associa- tion, in response to an invitation to attend the celebration of the anni- versary of the .battle of Bunker Hill, will best show his services. He was then in his eightj'-eighth year, and declined the invitation on account of his infirmities. " In Maj', 1 777, being then twentj'-one years of age, I went with the army to Fort Ticonderoga, and was there when General Burgoyne came up the lake. Guv army, three thousand in number, retreated from this post to Hubbardston, a distance of twenty-four miles, when General Frazer came up in pursuit. I was in the engagement for a quarter of an hour at close quarters ; and when our army was obliged then to retreat, with a loss of two hundred and fifty men. Colonel Francis, of Beverlj', was shot, close behind me, after a gallant defence. I was also present at the battle of Stillwater, when General Frazer attacked Colonel Morgan. The latter was reinforced by our soldiers, and the fight then became general, from two o'clock till dark. The surrender of Burgoyne took place three days after tliis, on the 17th of October. I also guarded the army's stores at Monmouth, New Jersej-, in 1778 ; and when the British Colonel Monkton was killed, his body was left in my care. " I was also a witness of the memorable execution of Major Andre on the 2d of October, 1780. Our army, under General Patterson, was then stationed at West Point. Having obtained leave of absence, I fell in with the guard who were appointed to attend Major Andre on that occasion, and thus had an excellent opportunity for witnessing the scene. The events of the day are still as fresh in my memory as those of j'esterdaj'. I saw him remove his stock, and prepare himself for his final scene, with as much composure as though attending to his usual emploj'ments." PAGE, BOCTOR JONATHAN. Doctor Page was born in Conwaj^, New Hampshire, in October, 1777. He came to Brunswick in the year 1795, and commenced the practice of medicine in 1800. His practice soon became extensive, and con- tinued increasingly so until the sickness which terminated in his death. Among the distinguished men in his profession, he held a highlv respectable rank. He was well skilled in the principles and practice of his art, and was considered an eminently judicious and successful practitioner. siograPhioj l. 781 Doctor Page was favorably and conspicuously known in public life. He was for several years a member of the Senate of Massachusetts, before the separation of Maine from that State. "When provision was made for the separation of Maine, and when, in connection with the assumption of rights of self-government, she was required to form a Constitution for herself, he was chosen a member of the convention to whom that important dutj- was assigned. To such an assembly, whose business it was to establish the fundamental law which should define and secure the rights of succeeding generations, it was no small honor to belong. He was subsequently a member of the Senate of Maine. Intelligent and active, and ever taking a deep interest in what- ever came under his examination, he could not be for any length of time a member of any public body without leaving the impress of his character. He was one of the original members of the Maine Medical Society, and for manj' years a member of the Facultj- of the Maine Medical School connected with Bowdoin College. He was also for more than twentj' j-ears a member of the Board of Over- seers of the college. In his private as well as his public and professional relations, he was highly esteemed and beloved, frank, sociable, and open-hearted in his intercourse with his family and friends, ready to say and to do what he thought was right. He died at Brunswick on Friday, November 18, 1842, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. PATTEN, JOHN. John Patten came to America, in company with his father, in 1727 ; landed in Boston, and thence came to Saco, Maine, where his father settled. He removed to Topsham about 1750, and settled on a tract of lUnd, about two hundred acres, which was then a wilderness, but is now a fine farm, pleasantly situated in sight of JMerrj-meetingBay. He had the character of an honest and industrious man, who was upright in all the walks and relations of life. He was a farmer, and had also the trade of blacksmith, and had a shop on the farm, where he employed a portion of his time, and performed the blacksmith work of the vicin- ity. He was also engaged in the lumber business to a certain extent, and was a proprietor in the C'athance Mill right, and of one sixteenth of the saw-mill and stream. He was somewhat engaged, also, in ship-building and navigation, and he, with John Fulton, Adam Hunter, and William Patten, built the* first vessel ever launched 782 msTORY OF Brunswick, topsbjm, and haspswell. above the "Chops," and the second built upon the Kennebec, above Bath.i By industry and attention to business, lie accumulated considerable property, and was one of the most influential and useful members of societj- in his daj', especially in town and parish matters. He was a man of good appearance, tall and well proportioned, of command- ing presence, active and quick in his movements, kind and affec- tionate to his famih', and to all within the circle of his acquaint- ance. He was religions from his youth, having always enjoyed the example and instruction of a pious father, and at the time of his death was a deacon of the Congregational Church in Topsham'. He was astrict observer of the Sabbath, and a constant attendant upon the services of the daj', though residing some miles from the place of public worship. He died April 7, 1795, aged seventy-seven years. PATTEN, CAPTAIN EOBEET. Robert Patten was the eldest son of the subject of the preceding sketch, and came to Topsham with his father while a boj'. When about twentj'-five jears of age he married and settled on a lot of land about a mile from hiij father's. His farm and residence at that time was in Topsham, but by a change of the boundarj- line his farm after- wards came within the limits of Bowdoinham. Mr. Patten was an industrious, hard-working man, possessed of a great amount of perseverance in the accomplishment of whatever he undertook. His chief employment for some time was farming. Besides the management of his farm he built, during his lifetime, a number of vessels, and was always more or less engaged in navigation. In his business concerns, while he met with much success, he also met with many losses. He was interested in six vessels, which were lost in the course of his business life. Of one of these he was sole owner ; of the others, part owner onlj-. Twice he suffered the loss of his dwelling- house by Are. Yet notwithstanding these serious checks to his pros- perity, he succeeded in maintaining himself through life in good cir- cumstances as to property, and died possessed of a considerable estate. The advantages for an education were of course verj- limited at that period. A few weeks' schooling was all that was enjoyed by the sub- ject of this sketch, when young ; yet by his own application, with what aid he received from members of the familj-, he acquired a decent ' SeesChapter X, p. 331. BIOGRAPHICAL. 783 education for that daj-. When about the age of thirty he was chosen captain of a militia companj- by his fellow-citizens. This country being then under England, his commission was from the king's " Council of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay," and was dated July 1, 1776, just three days before the declaration of our national independence. He was a person of remarkable health. He was never confined a day by sickness for nearly or quite ninety years, never took any medicine during that long period, and retained all his teeth, fair and sound, until within a short time of his death, in his ninety- eighth year. PACKARD, EEVEREND CHARLES. Reverend Charles Packard, a son of Reverend Doctor Hezekiah I'ackard, a graduate and tutor of Harvard College, was born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, April 12, 1801. The following year his father became pastor ^f the Congregational Church at Wiscasset, Maine, and there the boy spent his early days and fitted for Bowdoin College. He entered, at the age.of twelve, the class which was gradu- ated in 1817, and of which the late Doctor James McKeen was a member. The next few j-ears were spent in teaching. Later he was a private tutor in the family of Robert H. Gardiner, Esquire, of Gardiner. In the office of Frederick Allen, Esquire, in that town, Mr. Packard began the study of law, finishiiig his legal course with the Honorable Benjamin On-, of Brunswick. Admitted to the bar, he opened an office in what is now known as Day's Block, Maine Street. His pi'ac- tice was a remunerative one, and a change of profession later on involved the forsaking of an opportunity for enjojing a very consider- able income. The record of his years as a lawyer shows that the con- scientiousness, clearness, and strength of subsequent professional acts and exercises were but the development of his earl}- characteris- tics. As a pupil of the eminent lawj'er, Mr. Orr, he gained broad ideas of the studj' and practice of the profession, and he did no dis- credit to his teacher. In 1834 there was a special interest in religion in the town, and together with his intimate friend, Robert P. Dunlap, Mr. Packard turned his thought in a new channel and became a communicant of the church on the hill. In the full career of a successful practice, and with a family gath- ered about him in a pleasant home, it was no small thing for him to decide to enter the ministry, Bui he lelt that it was his duty ; and so 784 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. feeling there was but one thing for him to do : he accordingly deter- mined to begin forthwith a course in theology. While a citizen of Brunswick Mr. Packard for a few months did editorial work on the Androscoggin Free Press and the Brunswick Journal. After his marriage his residence was in the house on Pleasant Street so long occupied by the late William Baker ; and it was by no means his least title to the name of a good citizen of the town that he planted the magnificent elms on the north side of the street which now ornament the vicinity. His studies in divinity began at Andover, where he remained one j-ear ; from that place he removed to Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio. His first pastoral charge was at Hamilton, Ohio, but the climate proved so uncongenial to his family that he was forced to resign and return to the East. For the next fifteen years his work was at Lancaster, Mas- sachusetts. For manj- years one of the school committee of the town, he was devoted to the idea of making the most of the common-school system. In all matters of public reform and morality he was in the front rank. The three years from 1854 to 1857 were passed in Cam- bridge and North Middleboro', Massachusetts, where his record was, ' ' An interesting and able preacher, a most genial Christian and gen- tleman." He entered upon his final pastoral engagement in 1857, with the Second Congregational Church, Biddeford, Maine. There were large accessions to his church. Here, again, he showed himself the good citizen. When he died, there was a great company to lament him. They came from all social and religious divisions of the inhabitants. The burial was on Mondaj', Februarj' 21, 1864, in Brunswick, in the graveyard on the hill. At the church. Reverend Doctor Adams re- viewed, in his own felicitous, frank, and feeling waj', the life of his former parishioner arid constant good friend. That address is author- ity for even more eulogism than the writer of this memorial has used. Mr. Packard was a pioneer in the antislavery uprising. He was not ashamed to be called an abolitionist. Good men doubted, tempo- rizers clamored ; but moved by his conscience he would not hold his peace. At a time when to be an abolitionist made a preacher a ]iiarked man, he counted professional success (so far as place and profit are concerned) a small thing. He had in him the stuff of which martyrs are made. In his preaching, the habits of the lawyer were manifest. He generally used a few notes, and talked as if to a jury. Plain com- mon-sense, Bible phrases, familiar illustrations, simple arguments, were the staple of his discourses, but all was delivered as by authority. Of commanding presence, there was in his voice and whole carriage «-^/t>-<^-t,^-»-,.-^ Crj^.-y'y^,,-^.-*-^ BIOGRAPHICAL. lib that which testified to his substantial and uncompromising character. " Without fear and without reproach" is no exaggerated summary of a life which was obedient to duty, faithful to the demands of public and private morality and charity, and which was sustained by " the comfort of a reasonable, religious, and holy hope." PERKINS, MAJOR NAHTJM. Nahum Perkins was born in Sandford, Maine, April 25, 1787, and was one of a family of ten children. He belonged to a very athletic race.i He was brought up to hard work and good habits. He had nothing with which to commence life but good health and his hands. When a bo}-, he went to live with a farmer, who, having no children, wished to adopt him and make him his heir ; but he preferred, with his pack on his back and a shilling in his pocket, to seek his own fortune. He came to Topsham in 1807. He at first drove a stage from Port- land to Augusta, then engaged in monthly labor on the land and at the mills, till he accumulated sufficient means to engage in trade and lum- bering. During the prostration of business occasioned bj- the war of 1812, he returned to the farm and, at considerable expense, repaired the buildings and put it in order ; but upon the revival of business he returned to his cherished pursuits in Topsham. Being of a retiring disposition, he rather avoided than sought public position. He com- manded the battalion in this vicinity in the latter part of 1820, and was for some time member of a general court-martial, convened on the Penobscot. He was a member of the State legislature in 1825, and for three subsequent terms. While there, his store, stock of goods, and account books were all destroyed by fire, causing a large loss of property, and leaving him considerably in debt. So strict was his sense of obligation to his creditors that he turned over to them all his property, even to the family- Bible. Such was the regard of the mem- bers of the legislature for him that they presented him with fifteen hundred dollars. He at one time, with other parties, contracted to build a vessel. When the vessel was partly completed, she took fire on the stocks and was destroyed. The contract with the master builder, who was a poor man, was not made in writing, and the parties were not legally held to him. Major Perkins, however, and one other gentleman concerned, considered themselves morally responsible, and footed the bills. ^ Bis father, Jabez Perkins, at the age of ninety-six, cut, sharpened, and carried out of the woods on his back, a hundred fence-stakes in one day. 50 786 msTORj OF brunswice, topsham, and harpswell. Major Perkins was a verj- industrious man. From sixteen to sev- enty-nine he did a man's work, and died of work. He was a generous man. No legitimate charity appealed to him in vain. His generosit}- was carried to the point of self-denial. His life was filled up with neighborlj^ acts of charity. His home was the centre of a large liber- ality and unstinted benevolence. In 1840 he made a public profession of religion, uniting with the Congregational Societ}- of Topsham, of which he continued an active and useful member until his death, which occurred in October, 1865. PEEEY, DEACON JOHN. Mr. Perry was born at Rehoboth, county of Bristol, Massachusetts, December 3, 1772. In 1798 he moved to Brunswick, where he remained until 1833, when he removed to Orono. He was married in 1802 to Jane, daughter of Colonel William Stanwood, of Brunswick, and had seven children. He was the agent of the cotton-mill established in Brunswick in 1812, and was engaged in general trade for many j'ears. He was a justice of the peace, and was a selectman in 1807 and 1808. He was also, it is claimed, the founder of the first Sabbath school in Brunswick. " As a husband and father he was most devoted, affectionate, and kind. Possessing a warm heart and a mind well stored by extensive reading and close and judicious observation, he was ever an agreeable and instructive companion, and his society always welcome. As a citizen he was active and enterprising, and his example and influence alwaj's on the right side. As a neighbor, alwaj's kind and obliging, and as cheerful to do good offices as to receive them. In the support and promotion of the moral and benevolent institutions of the day, he was consistent, firm, and liberal. Of the cause of missions, in partic- ular, he was an ardent and devoted friend. He made a public profes- sion of religion in 1811, and united with the Congregational Church in Brunswick. In 1820 he was elected to the office of deacon, and held it until his removal to Orono in 1833. He was chosen to fill the same office at Orono." ^ He died March 18, 1846. PERRY, WILLIAM S. The subject of this sketch was a son of Deacon John Ferry, of Brunswick. He attended the public schools until he was sixteen years 1 Christian Mirror. Jr. l/CCcQyt^^ , e^y^^ mOGRAPHIGAL. 787 of age, when he wont to work. "When he became twenty-one j-ears of age he engaged in the lumber business in Boston. While a resident of Massachusetts he became a director in the Mount Wollaston Bank, in Quincj-. In 1870 he returned to Brunswick and bought the prop- erty of Professor Boody, on Maine Street. He was a member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College, and a director of the Union National Bank, of Brunswick. He died in Brunswick, April 8, 1873, aged a little more than fift^'-six years. Mr. Perrj', though not possessed of a collegiate education, was a good scholar, and was well versed in Latin, French, and mathematics. He was a great reader and fond of historical studies. He was genial and loving in his disposition, upright in business, and interested in the welfare of the town. PORTER, BENJAJIIlSr JONES, M. D. Doctor Porter, the son of Major Billy Porter, was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, September 20, 1763, and died in Camden, Maine, August 18, 18i7. After completing his academical course at Byfleld Academ}' he studied medicine with his uncle. Doctor Jones, a surgeon in the Continental army. He was commissioned as surgeon's mate in Tupper's (Eleventh) Regiment, April 10, 1780, and in H. Jackson's (Fourth) Regiment in 1783. He afterwards practised his profession successively in Scarboro', Westbrook, and Portland. He settled in Topsham about 1793, and built the house, now destroyed, nearly opposite Alfred White's, and just east of that for- merly occupied by John H. Thompson, Esquire. He went into the lumbering business with William King, afterwards governor of Mahie. The firm went by the name of Porter & King. They were also engaged in trade, and their store stood about where Goud's store now is. He engaged but very little in practice after coming to Topsham. He afterwards built the house now owned and occupied by Mrs. Susan T. Purintou. He took a prominent part in politics ; was a councillor and senator from Lincoln County, before the separation ; was one of the commissioners to divide the State property of Maine and Massa- chusetts in 1820. * He accumulated considerable property, but sustained severe losses in consequence of the embargo, and also by the freshet on the Andros- coggin River, in 1814. He had the honorary degree of A. M. con- ferred upon him by Bowdoin College in 1809, and was a fellow and treasurer of the college from 1806 to 1815. He removed to Camden in 1829, where he spent the remainder of his life. He is said to have 788 HISTORY OF BRUNhWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARP8WELL. been a man of rare conversational powers and of great suavity of manners. PURCHASE, THOMAS. (PUBCHIS OR PEKCHES.) Thomas Purchase, the first settler in Brunswick, was probably born in England, not far from the 3-ear 1576. His widow, in her petition to the Probate Court "^ in 1678, states that he was one hundred and one j-ears old at his death. Concerning his ancestry nothing whatever is known, and but very little as to his connections. There is no known relationship between him and Reverend Samuel Purchas, author of the " Pilgrimages." There is, however, reason to suppose that there was a relationship of some kind between Thomas Purchase and Reverend Robert Jor- dan. In a letter from John Winter, whose daughter Jordan snbse- qnentlj- married, dated Richmond Island, the second of August, 1641, occurs the following paragraph : — " Heare is on Mr. Robert Jorden a mynister w"'*' hath bin w"" vs this 3 moneths w"'' is a very honest religious man bj- anything as yett I can find in him, I have not j'ett agreed w* him for stayinge heare but did refer yt tyll I did heare som word from you we weare long w'hout a mj'nister & weere but in a bad way & so we shall be still iff we have not the word of God taught vnto us somtymes the plantation at pemequid would willingly have him or the[3-J desire he might be their on halfe of the j-eare & the other half to be heare w"" vs 1 know not how we shall accord nppon yt as yett he hath bin heare in the country this 2 yeares & hath alwaies lived w"" Mr. Purchase w"^*" is a kinsman unto him." ^ What this kinship was does not appear, but it was evidently a blood relationship. This fact is of interest, as it connects the Jordans of Brunswick and vicinity with the original owner of the Pejepscot tract. Thomas Purchase was twice married. His first wife was the Mary Govc'^ whom Sir Christopher Gardiner called his "cousin," and in regard to whose relations with Gardiner there had been some scandal. The jjiarriage occurred about 1631. She died in Boston, January 7, 165f . It is not definitely known that there were anj' children by this marriage. His second marriage was to Elizabeth Williams. The date ■ Probate Records, Lynn. A copy at Salem. 2 This letter, found among the Trelawney papers, is now in the possession of J. Win- gate Thornton, Jisquire. 8 Third Series, Mass. Hist. Coll., 8, p. 3W. — Letter of Thomas Wiggin, of Dover, to Emanuel Downing, brother-in-law of Winthrop, in Dover. BIOGHAPBICAL. 789 of this marriage cannot be ascertained with certaintj' ; but it was prob- ably very shortly after the death of his first wife, as in 1678 his son, in his petition with his mother to the Probate Court, calls himself " a young man." If his parents, were married one year after the death of the first wife, he could only have been, at the time this petition was presented, twentj'-one years of age. By this second marriage there were five children.' Of these chil- dren only the names of three have been preserved, viz., Thomas, Jane, and Elizabeth. Traditionary accounts place the date of Purchase's immigration all the way between 1624 and 1635. The Warumbo deed makes it about 1624 or 1625. Mr. Frederick Kidder, in a letter to the late Rev- erend Edward Ballard, places the date at 1626, and refers to the " Narrative of the Plantation of Massachusetts Colony, 1694, pub- lished by an Old Planter," pages 17 and 18. In Savage's " Genealogical Dictionarj'" the date is given as 1628, and this date is also given in the deed of John Blanej' and Elizabeth. The deed of Eleazer Waj', however, gives the date as 1635. Folsom makes it about 1630. In the deposition of John Cozzen, it is stated that he came to Pejepscot in 1628, and that he came from Saco, where Folsom mentions his pres- ence, in 1630. He probably migrated to this country, verj- likelj^ coming first to Saco, about the year 1626. There is little doubt but that he came to Pejepscot in 1628. There is conclusive evidence that he was at Pejep- scot prior to the date of the grant of land that was made to him and Way. Probably the four or five j-ears of his early staj- in that region caused him to become well acquainted with the value of the tract which he afterwards acquired. In the proceedings of the Plymouth Council in England, the follow- ing minute is entered : — "16 June, 1632. 8 Cat. I. The said Councill graunt certaine, called the River Bishopscott, unto George Way and Thomas Purchase." The action of this Council in relation to the assignment of the terri- torj' in question was also dated June 16, 1632, and is as follows : — " A Gi'aunt part to George Waj' and Thomas Purchase of ceflaine Lands in New England, called the River Bishopscotte, and all that Bounds and Limitts of the Maine Land, adjoining to the said River to extend two myles : from the said River Northwards four myles, and 1 In 1741 the Pejepscot proprietors reserved seven hundred acres of land for the heir's of Thomas Purchase, i. e., "Elizabeth and her five children by Mr. Purchase, ar^d her son, Samuel Pike." 790 HISTORY OF BBU^^SWICK, TOPHHAM, AND HARPSWELL. from the house ^ there to the Ocean sea with all other Profitts and Com- modities whatsoever, paying to the King one fifth part of gold and sil- ver oare, and another fifth part to the President and Councill, also paying twelve pense to the said President and Councill for every hun- dred Acres of Ground in use, to the rent-gatherer for the time being, as by the same Graunt may appeare." ^ The location of Thomas Purchase's residence at Pejepscot is still a matter of doubt, notwithstanding that there are in the Pejepscot Papers over one hundred depositions in regard to it. The probabilities are greatly in favor of the supposition that he changed his abode several times. Both the late John McKeen, Esquire, and Reverend Doctor Ballard were of the opinion that his earliest residence was at ' ' Fish-House Hill" in the present village of Brunswick. Joshua Fillbrook, who moved to Bath in 1738, has, however, left on record a statement to the effect that Purchase lived near the head of Stevens, or New Mead- ows River.-' Williamson^ and Sawall^ make similar statements. No attempt ha? been made to decide the question by making a count of the various depositions preserved in the Pejepscot Papers, for the reason that a mere numerical preponderance of testimony would have no weight unless those who composed the majority of deponents could be shown to have more trustworthy sources of information than the others. Moreover, these depositions were probably not given to determine the exact abode of Purchase, but to put beyond cavil the fact that he had actually occupied the territory. They do, however, settle beyond a reasonable doubt the fact that he did, at different periods of his stay at Pejepscot, reside in two separate places. It is not, perhaps, possible, at the present day, to determine with certainty whether his earliest residence was at Fish-House Hill or at New Meadows. We incline, however, to the opinion that McKeen and Ballard were right in supposing it to be at the former locality, for the reason that very early after his coming to the place, he engaged in the salmon fishery, which was of course carried on at the falls, and he undfJiabtedly had his residence near. The evidence that he at some time resided at the Ten-Mile or Lisbon Falls is entirelj' traditional, but is not altogether improbable. Considerable confusion and uncertainty have existed in regard to the ^ The italics are ours. ^Sainsbury, Colonial Papers, 1, No.52, p.7 . 8 James Curtis' s Journal in Historical Library. ^ Hist, of Maine, 1, p. 33, note, and p. 69J. 5 Popham Memorial Volume, p. 342. BIOGRAPHICAL. 791 date of Purchase's death, and some have even supposed that there were more than two of that name at Pejepscot. "W. Neale and several others depose that he died about 1654. Sav- age, referring to other authorities, gives the date as 1678. The will on record in Probate Court gives it at 1677. A Thomas Purchase is mentioned in Savage's " Genealogical Dictionary" as having sailed on a voj-age in 1681, and never after being heard from. R. Collicutt de- posed that he went to England about 1677. The record of the will is evidentlj'^ more authoritative than all else. It is only necessary to show that it is the will of Thomas Purchase of Pejepscot, and not that of his son or of some other Thomas. The fol- lowing is a sj'nopsis of the statements in the will, which is preserved at Lynn, and a copy of which is in the Probate Office at Salem. Thomas Purchase, Senior, died in Lynn, May 11, 1676-7, aged one hundred and one years. Left a wife, Elizabeth, and five children. . His son Thomas was appointed executor of his will. The overseers of the will were Mr. Henrj' Josselin, Cozen, Mr. Oliver Purchase, of the firm of Hamersmith & Co., and Mr. Edward Allen, of Boston. The widow, who was admin- istratrix, made oath to the foregoing in 1678. In November of that years he married John Blaney. The date of her death is not known. In an account of Samuel Pike against the estate he charged for board of Mr. Purchase for seven months, of two children for a year and a half, of one child for one j-ear, and of one child for fifteen months . This will was without doubt that of Thomas Purchase, of Pejepscot. There is, however, in the same i)robate office, to be found the follow- ing document : — AN INVENTORY OF THE GOODS AND ESTATE OF THOMAS PURCHASE, DECEASED, TAKEN THE TWENTY-SEVENTH OF JUNE, 1685, AS FOLLOWS. Imp. to one fether bed and all the furniture belonging to it To 3-pillow Cases, 12 napkins, 3 table Cloths, 6 towels, . To 1 wasswl (wash bowl?) 10/ one cb cloth 5/ 1 pr. shelves 3/ is . In plate apprised at To 1 pr. andirons, flreshovel and tongs To 1 Iron pot, brass Skillet & Iron hake at To 3 pewter platters, 3 basins, 3 porenges & 2 Sases To earthenware at . . • . To 1 pine table, 1 jug ad stove &. 6 charge at . To 2 chests, 1 trunk, and 2 boxes at To 1 gun, 1 sword and belt at To one warming pan, small one, at To 1 mare and mare colt, 3 sheep and a lamb at To money and goods of Mr. Whartpn 44 8 £7 18s. M. 1 8s. Od. 18s. M. 6 10 0. 13 0. 14 6. 13. fi. 3 0. 15 0. 1 0. 2 0. 7 0. 3 0. 18 8 0. 792 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSUAM, AND IIARPSWELL. To 1000 acres of vacant land at eastward. [The value of which is not assigned.] Debts due out of the Estate is . £2 13s. M. Debts due to the estate . . . 2 50 Od. Elizabeth Purchase, Administratrix, presented this | Inventory of y« Estate of her husband, Thomas Purchase, deceased, Henry Skenby, Juu''. with her oath | to itt &. if anymore come John Blaney. to her knowledge | to give accountt of y= same at Salem Court holden I June 30th 1685. Attest John Applbton, Hm'° of Court | On the outside of the schedule was written, in parenthesis, " Purchis Thomas to Elizabeth "Williams, Thomas b. Jan. 29, 1679." This inventory was, in all probability, that of the estate of Thomas Purchase, Jr., who, it is to be presumed, went to England to obtain a copy of the patent, and was lost at sea. The inventorj^, it will be noticed, states the amount of land at Pejepscot at 1000 acres, which would be a reasonable amount of land for the son to own, but would be only a small part of the tract belonging to the father. The depositions of Neale and Collicutt — the first that he died about 1654, and the second that he went to England in 1677 — are easily dis- posed of. Neale's testimony was only hearsay, and the mistake may have occurred in consequence of the death of Mary, the first wife, which took place in 1656. Collicutt' s testimony was to the effect that Thomas Purchase, Senior, told, him, in 1677, that he was going to Eng- land to obtain a copj' of his patent, and that he took him ' ' from the eastward to Boston," for that purpose. ' He saj's, moreover, that Pur- chase " took passage quickly after." There is nothing in this state- ment inconsistent with the supposition that Thomas Purchase, the first, of Pejepscot, died in 1766, and that his son was the one to whom Col- licutt referred, and who may have been lost at sea on his way back from England, in 1681, or who may have then been on his waj- thither. / The ground taken in this sketch is further corroborated by a deed from Thomas Purchase, the grandson, to Samuel Waldo, in which he states that he is the only son of the Thomas Purchase who was the eld- est son of Thomas Purchase who occupied Pejepscot from the third year of King Charles the First until 1675. This deed i is dated 1734, and must have been of part of the land set off by the Pejepscot proprietors. Purchase, during his residence at Pejepscot, was probably engaged ' TorTc Co. Records, Vol. 16, p. 162. BIOGRAPHICAL. 793 in different pursuits at different times. He is mentioned as a hunter, and trader with the Indians, as being engaged in the sahnon fishery, and as a planter. The causes that led to his emigration can never be known ; but there is ever}' reason for supposing that he came to Pejep- scot in pursuit of furs and peltry, which he acquired partly by his own exertions in the chase and partly bj- traffic with the natives. He was also engaged for the whole period of his residence in obtaining salmon and sturgeon, and packing them for exportation to London, ' and probably collected a number of settlers near him. He also cultivated the soil, and at the time of the attack upon his house by the Indians, in 1676, he was possessed of stock, and proba- blj' had what in those daj's would be considered a respectable farm. His first house was destroyed b}- fire, and " hy this disaster he lost in the flames the only copj' of the patent by which he held his prop- erty. The original had been left with Mr. Francis Ashley, in Eng- land." 2 It was very likely soon after this fire that he changed his place of abode. At all events, he soon after erected " a small cottage for a present shelter," and it was while here that he was visited b}' Mr. Edward Eishworth.^ This structure was afterwards superseded by '' a fair stone house," in which he is supposed to have lived during the remainder of his residence at Pejepscot. Thomas Purchase must have been a man well known in the colonj'. He not onty held at different times offices of trust and responsibility, but also made, it would seem, a frequent appearance in court. The first account of him after his immigration to this country is of his appearance at Saco in 1630. On June 25 of that j-ear he was present with Isaac AUerton, Cap- tain Thomas Wiggen, and others, and saw Eichard Vines take legal possession of the land granted him and John Oldham, on the south- west side of Saco Eiver.^ In 1631 he was at Pejepscot, where he was visited in July by Sir Christopher Gardiner, who remained with him about a year.^ In 1636 he was present as one of the commissioners, on March 25, at the house of Captain E. Boynthon, in Saco. Plis associates were Captain Boynthon, Captain W. Gorges, Captain Cammock, Messrs. H. Jocelyn, E. Godfrey and T. Lewis. " 1 Douglass, History. ^ Maine Hist. Coll. , 3, p. 330. ^Pejepscot Papers. * Folsom, History of Saco, etc., p. 30. f'Wivthrop, 1, p. 68. Massachusttts Historical Collection, Third Series, 8, p. 320. ^Folsom, Opus cit.,p. 49. 794 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. This was the first organized court -within the limits of the present State of Maine. 1 On August 22, 1639, he made legal conveyance to John Winthrop, governor of Massachusetts, of all his land, and put himself under the power and jurisdiction of that colony. He reserved, however, such a claim to the ownership of the land as practically annulled that part of the contract.^ In 1640, Purchase again appears in court at Saco, but this time not on the bench but before the bar, and also as a juryman. There were five indictments against him at this court. On July 14 of this year he was summoned to appear at court on the eighth of September follow- ing, and an order was at the same time issued to Robert Sankey of Saco, the provost marshal, to bring him before the court on Septem- ber 8, to answer to divers complaints not specified, and particularly that credible information had been given that he had convej^ed the greater part of his goods and chattels out of the province, in conse- quence of his indebtedness to divers persons ; or to take sufficient security for his appearance at the session of the council established for the province. On his refusal his property was to be attached and brought to Saco. The first complaint was brought hj Giles Elbridge, of Pemaquid, in an action of debt. Purchase made his appearance, but for some reason the case was not tried. The second complaint against him was by Richard Vines in a simi- lar action. This case also was not tried. The third complaint was by Richard Tucker, of Casco, and was to the effect that nine years previously Sir Christopher Gardiner had borrowed a warming-pan of him in Purchase's name, which was worth twelve shillings and sixpence, and had kept it. Also that six months afterwards he had bought a fowling-piece for forty shillings, and would not pay for the same, though often requested. The damages were placed at five pounds. Purchase denied that Gardiner did these things in his name, and declared that if he did he was not authorized to do so. Purchase further declared that the above facts were unknown to him, and that he had no recollection of any demand being made as alleged. " But Mr. George Cleaves had asked him causelessly for these articles ; but he being a partner with the defendant, had acquitted him from all causes of action whatever." The issue was joined, the trial took place, and the jury decided that Purchase should pay two pounds twelve shillings and sixpence for 1 Williamson, 1, p. 265. ^Folsom,p. 45. Williamson, l,p. 290. BIOGRAPBIOAL. 795 the articles claimed, and twelve shillings and sixpence as costs of court. Judgment was giv&n and execution ordered hj the whole court. Whatever became of the warming-pan is not known, but it will be noticed that there was one mentioned among the articles embraced in the inventorj^ of 1685. The fourth complaint was a declaration of Arthur Browne, mer- chant, accusing Purchase of falsely charging him with perjury and bribery. Purchase denied the whole thing, but the jury brought in a verdict against him and fined him five pounds sterling, and twelve shil- lings for costs. The fifth complaint is not given, but it is stated that he was required, on the third day of August preceding, to enter into a recognizance with Eeverend Robert Jordan, and that he appeared at court to answer to Captain Thomas Young, Messrs. Abraham Shurte, George Davis, Richard Tucker, and others. At this same court Purchase also served as a juryman in the case of Mary Purington of Agamenticus. In 1645 he signed a letter addressed to Governor Winthrop, the deputy governor, and court of assistants of Massachusetts Bay, and was also the one chosen to present the same. This letter was in regard to trouble between the inhabitants of Rugby's Province of Lygonia, and Jocelyn and others, and was dated " Casco Bay, this 18th ffebr ; 1645.'' William Ryall, Richard Tucker, and George Cleeve were the other signers.! In 1653 he was sued by the colony government, " as appears by a record of the General Court of that year, and styled Of Pejepscot." What this suit was for we have not ascertained. At one time, date unknown, his children were required bj' the council to be brought for- ward for baptism, and on neglect of the same he was to be summoned before the General Court. In 1654 he was chosen assistant to Prince, the commissioner at the first court ever held upon the Kennebec. There is no evidence, how- ever, that he ever held an assistant's court. In 1657 he was called to answer before the countj- court of York- shire, to an action brought against him by the Widow Elizabeth Way for the purpose of determining whether Pejepscot was under the juris- diction of that court. After the restoration of Charles II to the throne of England in 1660, probably in the year 1662, Purchase was commissioned as a magistrate under Gorges, or, at least, Mr. J. Archdale, agent of Gorges, offered him such a commission.^ 1 Maine Historical Collection 1, pp. 549, 550, ^ Williamson, 1, p. 403. 796 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In September, 1675, Ms house was attacked by the Indians, an ac- count of which was given in Part I. The foregoing enumeration of the various events in the life of Pur- chase embrace a nearlj' continuous connection from the time of his migration to his death. It embraces a period of fort3'-seven years. During this long time the onlj^ intervals of anj- length, in which we have no accounts of him, are between 1645 and 1654, and 1660 and 1675. It is possible that these gaps may even yet be shortened. Whether Purchase was a man of much property can only be sur- mised. It would seem that his opportunities of acquiring wealth were unusually good. He possessed a good field for trafHc with the Indians, and had the monopoly of the best salmon and sturgeon fishery in New England. Notwithstanding this, the frequent suits brought against him show not only " the litigious temper of the times," but also that he was deeply in debt, and that his creditors were uneasy. Of his real character nothing is known more than may be gathered from what has alreadj' been stated. That he was a man of consider- able enterprise is evident. That he failed to wholly conciliate the Indians is evident not only from the fact that his house was selected as the first one to be visited by them, but also that he was deemed unfair in his dealings with them, one of them remarking that he had paid a hundred pounds for water " from Purchase his well." This water was, however, presumablj^ flavored with some alcoholic ingre- dient. Notwithstanding these facts, the Indians could not have been entirely at enmity with him. or they would not have let him off with the mere robbery of his house when they had some of its inmates in their power. Thomas Purchase must have been a man of considerable ability, or he would not have held the offices he did. Williamson says of him that " he was one of those flexible patriots who could accommodate his politics to the changes of the times. "^ This, it appears to us, is rather a harsh judgment. To which administration did he owe alle- giance? The question maj' be easj' t© answer now, but was it so ^asy for him to answer it ? It must be remembered that it was not until the present century that the claim of the Plymouth Colony on the Kennebec to his tract of land was finallj^ settled adverselJ^ That he did hold office under different and opposing governments is not to be denied ; yet Robert Jordan, Henry Joscelyn, and Edward 1 Vol. 1, 23. 690. (P^C«-^-^ (U^ CJ , J LAJLVa^aXcx^ BIOGRAPHICAL. 797 Eish worth did so likewise, though the author referred to does not speak of them in any such doubtful terms. ^ Considering the unquiet times in which he lived and the little that is known against him, it is fair to presume that he was a man whose character was fully equal to that of the great majority of his associates and neighbors. PUEINTON, HUMPHREY. " Humphrey Purinton," says the writer of an obituary notice, " was one of our most useful and substantial citizens. As a man of business his conduct was always marked by the most scrupulous uprightness and integritj'. With himself a verbal promise was as binding as a written obligation, and to others his word was as good as his bond. Occupied chiefly with his own affairs, and seeking his greatest happi- ness where he was accustomed to find it, ^ — at home, — he mingled but little in general societj-, and concerned himself but little with political and other exciting topics of the day. " Yet he was bj- no means indifferent to the welfare of others. His loss will be ver}- sensibly felt in the community, and severely felt in the immediate circle of his family connections, friends, and acquaint- ance. Correct in all his habits, unassuming in his deportment, benev- olent and kind in his feelings, sincere and conscientious in the discharge of his duties, a constant attendant upon public worship, and a liberal supporter of religious institutions, his memorj^ is one which they will all delight to cherish ; and his example in all these respects is one which may well be presented for general imitation." He died in Tops- ham, December 31, 1841, aged sixty-seven years. PUBINTON, FRANCIS T. The subject of this sketch was* a native of Topsham, and a son of Humphrey Purinton. Though interested in various business pursuits, he had a particular fondness for agriculture, and did all he could to promote it. He was chosen president of the Sagadahoc Agricultural and Horticultural Society in 1855, and the following notice of him appeared in the report of that society next succeeding the date of his death, which occurred May 21, 1857 : — " At the time he was chosen president of the society he was nearly forty-two years old, in the vigor and prime of his life. He had been well educated for the time, had in his youth attended the academy at Farmington. and afterwards the seminary at Gorham. He early com- 1 Williamson, 1, pp. 680, 682, 691. 798 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. menced an active business life, however, and acquired the larger part of his education in the discharge of its duties. He was first a trader ; then with his brother, Woodbuiy B. Purinton, Esquire, succeeded his father in the lumber, ship-building, and general commercial business. He built the Topsham flour-mill, at the time one of the best in New England. In 1843 he purchased of Governor King the fine residence and estate of the late Doctor Porter, which became his home the remainder of his daj's. In 1853 he was president of the Lewiston and Topsham Eailroad Company-, which led to the building of the Andros- coggin Road. " After he was chosen president of the Sagadahoc Agricultural and Horticultural Society, he took a deep and lasting interest in agricul- ture, — in the cultivation and improvement of his own farm, as well as of all othei's within the limits of the society. He was a friend to the farmer everj'where, and to improved farming. At the time of his death he was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Maine State Agricultural Societj'. His name, influence, and assistance were sought in various directions, and seldom or never did he withhold them from a good cause when he thought he could perform any real service. He was called away from this world in the prime of life, when he was only forty-four years of age. He left a beloved wife and a large family of children. He was beloved and esteemed by all who knew him, for his indomitable energy, his inflexible integrity, and his large-hearted benevolence. He was one of the most public-spirited men of his town. He was a man of religious character, full of good works, free from bigotry, from envy, and self-love. He was a good citizen, and in the true sense an honest man. Frank and social in his intercourse with others, he was fond of society, strong in his attachments to his friends, a good neighbor, an affectionate husband and kind father, a true and sincere man." PURIKTON, NATHANIEL. Nathaniel Purinton was a son of Humphrey Purinton, of Georgetown, now Bath, and married Priscilla Woodbury, of Portland, about 1756, and about the same time moved to Harpswell Island. His occupation was farming and milling. He was a part owner in the saw-mills at Tops- ham. He is said to have built the first grist-mill and saw-mill in Harps- well, in the cove of his lot, which was the farm now owned by Stephen Purinton. He was a prominent man in town affairs, and was a select- man from 1766 to 1769 inclusive, in 1778, in 1780, and from 1783 to 1787, inclusive. He died suddenly at Topsham, P^ebruarj- 9, 1788. BIOGRAPHICAL. 799 PURINTOK, STEPHEN. Stephen Purinton, a son of Nathaniel Purinton, was born in Harps- well, May 7, 1764. He succeeded to his father's business of farming and milling, and also erected a tannery. He was also engaged in the "West India business. It is said that when twenty-one years of age, he went with the first team that ever entered the town of Bethel, hauling logs to the river to see if they would reach Brunswick. February 26, 1 789, he married Mary, daughter of John Merrill, Esquire, of Topsham. In 1816 he professed religion, and assisted in forming the first Free- Will Baptist Church in Harpswell. He was chosen deacon and church clerk, and held both offices until 1840. He was a representative in 1810, 1813, 1814, 1816, 1820, 1824. He was a man very generally esteemed in the community in which he lived. His wife died Ma}' 25, 1836. He died November 10, 1843. KEED, JOHN. John Eeed was born in Ireland in 1747, and was married to Eachel, daughter of William Thorne, in March, 1769. He came to this coun- try with his father, and settled in Topsham. He went into the Revo- lutionary war as an ensign, in a company commanded by Captain Blaisdell, of Portland. He went to Ticonderoga, where Hammond, the lieutenant, died, and was succeeded by him. He afterwards received a captain's commission, and served with reputation till obliged to retire in consequence of a wound received in an action a little preceding the capture of General Burgoyne's army (in 1777). He so far recovered his health and activity that he was elected to and sustained the office of lieutenant-colonel till his death. He was lieutenant-colonel- of the First Regiment, First Brigade, Fourth Divi- sion of the Massachusetts militia which mustered in Bath in 1788. He died October 20, 1797, and was buried with military honors. The Bath artillery with their guns, two companies of infantry, and a troop of horse attended the funeral. EOBBINS, AUGUSTUS C, ESQUIRE. Mr. Bobbins was born in Union, Maine, in 1815, and was a promi- nent business man of Brunswick. He was appointed cashier of the Brunswick Bank on November 1, 1841, and served in that capacity in the different banks in the town for eighteen years, with an interval of onlj- thirtj'-four days between his resignation in the Union and his taking charge of the Maine Bank. During all this time he never lost 800 BI8T0RY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWMLL. a day hj sickness, and was absent onl}' eighty days in the whole time. Mr. Bobbins was a prompt, faithful, s3-stematic, and energetic bank officer, and was well liked by the community. He was a man of fine education (a graduate of Bowdoin in 1835), and possessed a remarkably clear and logical mind. He was for several years one of the Board of Overseers of the college, and was always interested in its welfare. Common-sense was his predominating mental characteristic. Mr. Bobbins was deeply interested in all town affairs, and especially in the welfare of the public schools. His efforts for the establishment of the high school and the grading of the village schools entitle him to the remembrance of the communitj'. He had a fund of humor and ready wit, and was fond of children. He was a member of the Congregational Church for twenty-eight jears, and was held in general esteem for his integrity, industr}-, and kindliness of character. He died December 31, 1868. KOGERS, HONOKABLE GEOBGE. Mr. Kogers was born in Topsham, November 18, 1785. He was a son of Alexander, and the father of the late George A. Rogers. He was educated in the common schools of the town, but made good use of such advantages as he had. He was a man of quick perception and inquiring mind, and steadily advanced with the times in which he lived. He took a warm interest in the public matters of the town and State. He served on the Board of Selectmen of Topsham for four- teen years, between 1836 and 1857. In 1819 he was chosen to repre- sent his town in the legislature, and in 1837 he was elected to the State Senate. In politics he was a Democrat, but he was oftentimes elected to office by the votes of those who affiliated with the opposite party. In his religious views he was a Baptist. " Although a man of rigid principles and soundness of judgment, his kind and genial manners won for him the respect of all who knew him. In early life he was twice married, but each of his wives died at an early age. Of his family but one son survived him, the late George A. Kogers. "At nearly fourscore years, after a long and serene evening to a life of usefulness, devoted to the happiness of others, he passed away qui- etly at the old homestead where he had always resided." ROGERS, GEORGE A. The subject of this sketch was a native of Topsham. His education was obtained in the common schools and at the Maine Wesleyan Sem- BIOGRAPHICAL. 801 inaiy at Readfield, Maine. At the age of twentj- he made a sea-voy- age to New Orleans, and thence to Europe. Receiving so much bene- fit from these voyages, he was tempted to become a sailor, and accord- ingly made one voyage " before the mast." His father discouraged his inclination towards a sea-faring life, and induced him to remain at home and turn his attention to agricultural pursuits. As a practical farmer, enlightened, and looking into the most essen- tial matters of the business of farming, he did much to promote its interests, both at home and abroad. He was long identified with the interests of the town, serving for many years as a member of the Board of Selectmen. Perhaps no more fitting tribute can be paid to his memory than that found in the recent " Historical Review " of the Sagadahoc County Agricultural Society, — he having been one of its earliest friends, serving in almost every capacity in which he could ren- der valuable assistance. " He represented the society as a member of the Board of Agricul- ture for a period of seven j-ears, and was one of the most useful mem- bers of that Board. For three years he was president of the Sagada- hoc Society, afterwards he was recording secretary. To the close of his life on earth he was one of the most valuable members of the soci- etj'. The societj' as well as the community needs more such men, — men who work from sincere regard for the interests of otheis. Possessed ' of a high moral, as well as a much religious character, Mr. Rogers was a true friend, a sincere and honest man. He served faithfully the com- munitj' in which he lived ; its interests were his interests, its welfare ever had his watchful care. Well may the society long hold his name in remembrance and honor.'' He died June 30, 1874. EOSS, WILLIAM. William Ross lived, prior to 1749, at Sheepscot. He afterwards moved to Brunswick, where he built a house, bullet-proof, near the old meeting-house. Prior to his coming to Brunswick, he, with his two sons, John and Robert, was taken captive bj'' the Indians and carried to Canada. He and Robert were soon liberated and returned home. John was such a favorite with the Indians that he was retained. Mr. Ross was sub.sequently captured again and carried to Quebec. While there he became interested in a j'oung man whom he met at a public place, the resort of those who desired to be exchanged. He volunteered to intercede for his release, inquired his name, and found him to be his son. Thej' effected their release and returned home, ei 802 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. John was afterwards killed, or died, in war. Mr. Ross was a lame man. His disability was caused in the following manner. On one occasion, while he was engaged in cutting wood west of Mair Brook, he discovered a wounded bear making towards him. He at once com- menced to retreat backwards, defending himself with his axe, but was so unfortunate as to fall back over a log and hurt himself. The bear, nnable to get over, reached under the log and bit him in the knee. Mr. Anthony Woodside, who had fired and wounded the bear, finally came up and killed it. ETJTHERFOED, EEVEEEjSTD EOBEET, Was a native of Ireland, and a Presbyterian. He came over with Colonel Dunbar, the celebrated surveyor .of the king's woods in 1729, and preached at Pemaquid for four or five j-ears. When Dunbar went to Portsmouth in 1 734, his house and farm were left in the care of Mr. Rutherford. In 1735 he was employed by the First Parish of Bruns- wick, and continued to preach there till 1742. After this he was engaged for a short time at Georgetown, and probably returned to Pemaquid. From thence, on the marriage of Dunbar's widow with Captain Henderson of St. Georges, he removed to that place. It does not appear that he had a distinct pastoral charge, or that any church ■ was gathered there during his life. He was a man of respectable lit- erary attainments, and bore the character of a pious Orthodox minis- ter. He died in 1766, at the age of sixty-eight years, and was buried at the fort at Saint George's. His wife survived him twenty-three years, and was buried in the same place. They left a family of seven daughters, whose posterity are numerous in the vicinity.' SKOLFIELD, THOMAS. Thomas Sliolfield was a son of Thomas Skolfleld, of England, who was an officer in King William's annj' in 1690, when King James was driven from Ireland. The son, Thomas, received a liberal education at Dublin University-, and shortly- after graduating emigrated to Amer- ica with the Orr familj' early in the last century. Thomas remained in Boston with the Orr family and taught a Latin school until the Orrs removed to the District of Maine, about the 3'ear 1742, when he and Susan came with them. Thomas married Mary Orr, and settled in Brunswick near where Peter Woodard now lives (1876). He and the Orrs bought about 1 Annals of Warren and Greenleaf's Ecclesiastical Sketches. ■Tltj BIOGRAPHICAL. 803 three hundred and fifty acres of land, on which Thomas Skolfleld settled. They paid for the land £85 old tenor. Mr. Skolfield was a very prominent man in town affairs. He was chosen, May 22, 1777, as an officer empowered to receive recognizances. In 1779 he was on the committee to affix the price of commodities sold in the town. He was on many committees to draw up resolutions, etc., during the Eevolutionary war. He was town clerk from 1752 to 1761, and again in 1763 and 1765. He was on the Board of Select- men, and a great part of the time was chairman, for twenty-three years, — from 1744 to 1749, 1752 to 1754, 1756 to 1762, 1765 to 1767, 1772 to 1775, and again in 1782. His wife died August 1, 1771, aged fifty-seven years. He died January 6, 1796. SKOLFIELD, GEORGE. " Master" George Skolfield was born July, 1780, in Harpswell, in an old house standing upon the site of the one now occupied by Mr. ■George R. Skolfield, his eldest son. He began to build vessels when about twenty-one years old, and during his lifetime built nearly if not quite sixty vessels, all first-class, of the best quality of material and workmanship. At the time of his death he was one of the wealthiest men in Brunswick, and his wealtli was all earned through his own exertions and b}^ his own business ability. He was kind in his family and to his friends, and of a very hospi- table nature. " It was the delight of Master George to have the house full, and he was never in better spirits than when his friends fairly overran his rooms. A man of strong impulses, of prejudices, if you will, he never meant to be unjust. He was decided, firm in his convictions, and sternly resolute in the discharge of what he "deemed his duty. That duty was done with a singleness of purpose worthy of all imitation. We make no claim to perfection for the deceased ; but we record as the crowning glory of his long and active life, diversified by an intercourse with all classes and manner of men, his passing away, with never a man to question his scrupulous honesty in all his dealings with his fel- low men." He died March 13, 1866. SMYTH, WILLIAM, D. D. Professor Smyth was born in Pittston, February 2, 1797, and in his childhood his parents removed to Wiscasset, which was his home until about the time of his entering college. At the age of eighteen he 804 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND MARPSWELL. was bereft of both father and mother, and was left with a j'oung sister and brother, and nothing but kind friends and himself to depend upon. He was for a time clerk for a Wiscasset merchant, but his ambition at that time was to qualify himself to teach scliool, and all his spare time was spent in hard study. He taught school for a few 5-ears, at the same time fitting himself for Bowdoin College, the Junior class of which he entered in 1820. Such an example of student-life as was then exhibited is rare and worthy of record. He occupied, with a townsman and classmate, Boynton, a room in the building, afterwards burned down, which stood on the site of Mr. Henry C. Martin's residence, opposite the college halls. As the result of his former hard study, while in college he w;is com- pelled to wear a green shade and to study by another's eyes. His room-mate read his lessons to him, he occasionally raising his blinder to glance for a moment at a mathematical formula or a diagram or a phrase. After getting settled in college life his independent, self- denying spirit led him to bring to his side his young brother, and sus-. tain both as he might. This self-sacriflcing college student often deprived himself of a dinner for the sake of that brother ; lived day after day on bread and water ; not unfrequentlj^ did not know one day where the next day's meals were to come from ; and thus, study- ing with the eyes of another, often at his wits' end for support, with that care of the brother upon him part of the time, he soon took the lead of an able class and held it to the end, graduating with the English valedictory in 1822. After graduating, Mr. Smyth taught a school for a short time in what used to be called President Allen's Academy, and then spent a year in the Andover Seminary. In 1823 he received an appointment from Ms Alma Mater as proc- tor and instructor in Greek ; then became tutor in mathematics and natural philosophy ; and in 1828 he was made professor in fuU of mathematics and natural philosophy. The first edition of his algebra, from the press of Mr. GriflSn, of this town, appeared in 1830, received warm commendation from Doctor Bowditch, and was adopted as a text-book at Harvard and other insti- tutions. It passed through several editions, and then gave place to two separate works, the elementary and the larger algebra. Then followed an enlarged edition of the trigonometry and its applications to surveying and navigation, and treatises on analytic geometry, and on the calculus, the last being so clearly and satisfactorily developed, and with so much originality, as to receive emphatic approval in high BIOGRAPHIVAL. 805 quarters, particularly from the late Professor Bache, and constituting, as has been said, quite an era in the means of instruction in this pro- found branch. When the project of graded schools for the large Central District of Brunswick was proposed, it engaged his earnest co-operation. He was chosen on the Board of Agents successively for seventeen j-ears ; most of the time was chairman, and exercised vigilant supervision of the schools. The amount of labor he performed in securing and per- fecting the system, in building the large brick school-house for which he furnished the working plan, and in general superintendence, few can conceive ; and all with no other remuneration than the conscious- ness of rendering an important public service. He was for many 3-ears one of the trustees of the First Parish fund, and for forty J-ears or more an active member of the Congregational Church and Society in Brunswick and a teacher in the Sabbath school. When the present church edifice was erected he was the working member of the building committee, giving important counsel in its plan, even to the framing of the building, and constantly supervising the work. He also furnished the working plans for a spire which, for grace and beautj', was not surpassed. The last public work of his life was the measures for erecting a Memorial Hall for the college. One even most conversant with him, and who had most free access to his thoughts, purposes, and plans, can scarcely enumerate the extent of his correspondence on the subject ; his journeyings to and fro from Bangor to New York for subscriptions, his long walks in Brunswick and its neighborhood to obtain contributions, to consult mechanics and contractors, or to engage hands for the work ; his visits to other towns to examine public buildings or to inspect quar- ries of building stone ; or his careful study of architectural designs, sketches, and plans in the college library ; or his personal labor in meditating and drawing plans himself, that architects might readily conceive the idea and object of the proposed structure. For the last two years of his life his mind and thoughts were intent on what he often said was to be his last labor. Every dollar of the thirty thousand on his subscription book he soli- cited, and he collected nearly twenty thousand of the amount in person. Professor Smyth was among the first members of the temperance society formed in Brunswick when Reverend Doctor Justin Edwards promulgated and advocated with so much eflfect the doctrine of total abstinence from intoxicating drinks. 806 IIISTOET OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSBAM, AND BABFSWELL. A debate in tlie Brunswick L3'ceum made of him an anti-slavery man, or rather turned his thoughts to that subject, and inspired a sentiment and opinions which he maintained his life through. He never swerved, — no, not for an hour, — from his allegiance to the cause of human freedom and the rights of man. Though exposed to repi'oach and annoyances, to hard speeches and harder looks, he was not a man to be deterred from his pur- pose or to quail in whatever he regarded a matter of right, truth, and duty. His ability as a teacher was never called in question. In explana- tion he was precise, simple, and clear. He had great power of inspir- ing interest ; his own enthusiasm, which often kindled, especially in certain branches of his department, at the black-board, being communi- cated to his class. His mind was quick to kindle, and his powers to arouse themselves to seize on some engrossing subject, and while the occasion demanded, he was totus in illis. He was a whole-souled, large-hearted man. Personal interests occupied with him an inferior place. Any real object of philanthropy, of national or of town interest, anything that touched the life of the college, was sure to find one mind and heart ready to respond to its demands. Of the qualities of his mind no one conversant with him could doubt that his Creator endowed him with a power of intense application, of wide compass and great clearness of thought, of strong grasp of principles, and of exhibiting truth, often massive truth, with gi'eat precision and force. He had a peculiar faculty of seizing on the salient points and the fundamental elements of any subject he approached. One could not but give him the credit of childlike simplicity. He was simple in his tastes, in his manners, and in his desires. There was no pretence or aifectation in his nature. No charge of insincerity or false-heartedness was ever laid upon him. The facts of Professor Smj'th's life reveal most clearly a singularly self-sacrificing spirit. What reward or remuneration, what personal advantage could he have expected from his labors for schools or for the church or for the Memorial Hall ? What self-interest could have prompted him to furnish working plans for school-house or church spire, — or to rise from his bed and go down to the school-house in a drenching storm to see that the rain did not undermine the wall or flood the cellar, ^— or at midnight, in a driving southeaster, to go over to the church, then in building, to make more fast an ill-secured transept BIOGRAPHICAL. 807 window, — or to serve as a tender to the mason who was putting up a chimney in the tower? His nature was profoundly sympathetic, and he was blessed with a genial, buo3'ant spirit. He never betrayed a moody or sullen temper. There was in him a vein of fine humor. He enjoyed it in others, and no one could turn a witticism or conve}' a compliment with more deli- cac\' or grace. It remains to bear testimony to Professor Smyth as a Christian man. In this character he left the record of nearly fifty years in his daily life, iu the free intercourse of friends, in the social meetings of the church, in coUfege halls, in his relations to public phil- anthropic movements of his time, and in the pulpit of the sanctuary. Early in life he took his stand as a Christian young man, and became connected with the Congregational Church in Gorham. He seized with the strong grasp of his intellect and heart on what are termed the doctrines of grace. In 1825 he received license from the Cumberland Association, and for several years preached with acceptance in Bruns- wick and neighboring towns. His discourses were marked bj- weighty thought, clear exhibition of truth, simplicity and vigor of style, and earnest and eloquent enforcement of the motives of the gospel and the issues of life and death. He died April 4, 1868. The foregoing sketch of this trul}- remarkable man is condensed from Professor Packard's discourse commemorative of Professor Sm3-th. STAN WOOD, DAVID. David Stanwood, son of Ebenezer, was in the expedition to Louis- burg. While the armj^ was there, some twentj' or thirty men were desirous of taking boats and crossing to the opposite shore, where they expected to plunder some of the French settlers. They landed with- out molestation, went to one house not far distant, entered it, and brought the plunder to their boats. Not sufficiently satisfied with what they had obtained, they returned, without their guns, and while strip- ping the house still farther they were surrounded and taken prisoners by the Indians, who had been on the watch for them. They were at once stripped, and severely tortured with spears. Mr. Stanwood attempted to escape, but a well-directed spear hit him on the shoulder, and so disabled him that he surrendered, and was again submitted to torture. He fled again and was pursued, fired at, and a ball hit him in the arm and broke it. He succeeded, however, in his escape, hid himself until search was over, and when all was quiet, went to the shore opposite the arnvy, and hoisted a handkerchief as a signal. It was seen, and, though fearful of a decoj', some of the men were at 808 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. length allo-wed to go over for him, and he was rescued. Another account i states that after he escaped the second time he came to a river and was shot while swimming across. His arm was afterwards amputated. STAJSIWOOD, COLONEL WILLIAM. "WiUiam Stanwood was the son of David Stanwood., of Brunswick, and was born in 1752. In his early days he learned the trade of a blacksmith. He entered the Revolutionary army and was in the bat- tles of Monmouth and White Plains. After the war he was made a colonel of the militia. After leaving the army he went to work at his trade, and afterwards engaged in the lumbering business and in ship- building in connection with Captain John Dunlap. He accumulated wealth, and owned three large farms, besides other real estate, but afterwards met with heavy losses in his shipping business. He built and lived in the house now owned by the heirs of the late A. C. Eob- bins. Esquire, on Maine Street. He was a prominent man in Bruns- wick, and was selectman for a number of years, and a representative in 1794 and 1795. He was also a member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. He had three wives ; the first was Mary Orr, the second Hannah Thompson, and the third Ruth Thompson. He had eleven children. He died June, 1829. STETSON, REVEREND SETH. " Father" Stetson, as he was called, lived until he was seventeen years of age in his native town of Kingston, Massachusetts. He then spent one summer in Bristol, Maine, one in Boston, and two in Charlestown, Massachusetts. He spent his winters during this time at home. He gives the following account of his life in a letter to the Gospel Banner in 1864 : — " Seventy years ago [1794] I first came to Bristol with my master ship-joiner. When free I came again. I wounded my ankle-joint, which laid me up many months, and gave me time to read aijd pray. Reverend Mr. Riddle invited me to study for the ministry. I kept school in Alna, New Castle, and Bristol, and studied with Reverend Jonathan ^\'ard, of New Milford. I was approbated to preach in the town of Winthrop, at Reverend Mr. Bolden's, by the Lincoln Associ- ation of Congregational ministers. " I preached two years in Norridgewock and other towns. In 1804 1 Pejepscot Papers. BIOGSAPEIGAL. 809 I had a call, and was ordained in South Plymouth, Massachusetts, ten miles from mj^ native place. There I preached Hopkinsianism sixteen years. Then for four j-ears I was a Worsterian. Then I became a Universalist, and preached in Charlestown and Salem three years, and in Boston a few months. Then in Brunswick, Bath, and Bowdoinham two years, and ever since all round the State, and in other States. The last year I hiave not tried to preach. " I grow deaf, and forgetfur of names. M}' health is good. Mj'wife is eightj'-four years old. We have had twelve children. The three youngest only are living in this world." Mr. Stetson was born in 1776, and died in 1867. He was at his death, therefore, ninety-one years of age. Jacking five dajs. He was at that time the oldest Universalist minister in Maine. From a diary that he left, it appears that he came to Brunswick in a packet to Maquoit (Captain Simpson's) in 1828. He brought with him his wife and five children and household goods, paj-ing for passage and freight, sixteen dollars to Maquoit, and four dollars from the latter place to his house. Mr. Stetson was well known throughout this entire community, and was much beloved by his parishioners, and esteemed by all for the purity of his life and character. STONE, COLOKBL ALFBBD J. The subject of this sketch was a son of James Stone, and was a native of Topsham. He settled in Brunswick, and lived and died in the dwelling on Mill Street which stands nearly on the site of the old Stone mansion which was erected by Benjamin Stone, the ancestor of the family in Brunswick. It is worthy of mention that the property on and near the corner of Maine and Mill Streets, known as Stone's Corner, has been retained in the family for four generations. Colonel Stone was largely engaged in the lumbering business, owning a mill on the upper dam, and for many years did an extensive business. He was a colonel in the mihtia, and held various public ofHces, among them that of postmaster. He was a representative to the legislature in 1836. He was an influential and pubhc-spirited citizen. STLVESTBE, MAELBOEOUGH. Marlborough Sylvester, of Harpswell, was a son of William Sylves- ter, and was born in Hanover, Massachusetts, in 1753. He was a man prominent in the affairs of the town, and held town offices for many years. He was town clerk from 1794 to 1799, inclusive, and in 1813, 810 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. selectman from 1797 to 1808, inclusive, and in 1815, and Representa- tive in 1809. THOMPSON, GENBEAL ABNER B. Mr. Thompson was born in Middleboro', Massachusetts. September 22, 1797, whence in his youth he moved to Boston, and from that city, in 1817, to Brunswick, where he spent the rest of his life, en- gaged for a long series of years in the active pursuits of mercantile life, manifesting an energy and a directness of application that con- stituted him a marked man among his fellow-men. General Thomp- son from his youth manifested a fondness for military life. As early as 1821 he received an officer's commission and held various positions in the militia, from lieutenanl? to that of major-general. In February, 1847, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Ninth Regiment, United States Infantry. From 1834 until 1841, General Thompson held the office of adjutant and quartermaster-general of the State, and was in command of the. troops called into service on the eastern frontier. For three years he was State agent for the prosecution of the military claim of Maine against the Federal government for expenses incurred in protecting her northeastern frontier, and in prosecution of the business he passed a considerable portion of his time in Washington. He was in 1831 and 1832 State treasurer, and in 1856 a senator in the legisla- ture. As a politician, a Democrat of the old school, he was firm in the maintenance of the principles of the party in which he believed, swerving neither to the right nor the left, as party fancies might dic- tate, but always courteous and considerate to the views of an oppo- nent. His wonderful clearness of intellect, his ready power of expla- nation, his thorough knowledge of business details, gave him command over the minds of others which few men untrained to the professional arena possess. He had a wealth of determination, or power of will, which led him straight on in the path which he had marked out for himself. As a citizen, he held large and liberal views of public affairs, and his aid was always sought and granted in the carrying out of projects to promote the growth and prosperity of the town. He was a Freemason of high rank. He died August 4, 1871, and was buried with Masonic honors. THOMPSON, CHARLES. Mr. Thompson was a native of Topsham. When nine years of age he removed with his parents to the neighboring town of Lisbon. V &ywvx K < iL^AXicyUC.) .Af/h^^^^Mji^ Wicco^, <=^ -^WUjl/U,, BIOGRAPHICAL. 811 At the age of twenty-one he returned to Topsham and engaged him- self as a clerk in a store. Economical and industrious, he soon acquired a sufficient sum of money to enable him to make an invest- ment in navigation, and, succeeding in his venture, he continued ever after to invest his funds in the same line of business, and generally with a corresponding degree of success. When the Androscoggin Bank was organized, in 1834, Mr. Thompson, being one of the princi- pal stockholders, was elected president, and was continued in that position until the charter, bj- its own limitation, expired. Mr. Thompson was an ardent patriot, and served in the war of 1812. From 1812 to 1820 he filled the office of adjutant of the Third Regi- ment, First Brigade, Eleventh Division of State Militia. He was con- sidered so worthj' of trust that, in 1814, the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, by an order issued at the August term, placed the entire control of the Court House in his hands, with authority to grant its use for other purposes whenever he might deem it advisable. In 1831 he was elected as a representative to the legislature, and could have held the position longer had he so desired. Mr. Thompson was a man of strict integritj-. He was a kind man in his family, and a lover of hospitality. He was also a good neigh- bor and a wise counsellor. He was faithful to his engagements ; and masters of vessels, and others in his employ, if proving themselves worthy, were long retained. Though he never made any religious pro- fessions, he was a decided friend to the cause of religion and a liberal supporter of its institutions. He was warmly interested in educa- tional matters, and was one of the chief supporters of the Topsham Academy. He also sent two of his sons to Bowdoin College. He had a clear and comprehensive intellect, was well informed in all ordinary matters, possessed sagacity and perseverance, was shrewd and calculating, had a large business experience, and was thoroughly posted in commercial matters. He was, at the time of his death, undoubtedly the wealthiest man in Topsham. He died October 4 , 1866. " He was a man of quick perceptions and a clear insight in regard to men and things, and one who often uttered his convictions in strong and decided language. He adhered to them, also, with pertinacity, even though they were sometimes formed upon insufBcient data." THOMPSON, BEIGADIBE SAMUEL. Samuel Thompson was born March 22, 1 735. He resided in Bruns- wick until after the close of the Revolutionary war. He served on the Board of Selectmen of Brunswick in the j'ears 1768, 1770, and 812 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1771. He was a member of the Provincial Congress, and about the 3'ear 1774 he was appointed or chosen lieutenant-colonel of militia. He was afterwards colonel, and on February 8, 1776, he was chosen by the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts as a brigadier-general of the Cumberland County troops. He was about this time at the head of the Committee of Safety for the district. He was elected, also, the same j'ear, as representative to the General Court. About the year 1783, possibly in 1784, G-eneral Thompson moved to Topsham, where he afterwards resided. He was chosen as a representative from Topsham to the General Court for twelve terms, — each year from 1784 to 1788, from 1790 to 1794, and in 1797 and 1798. In 1797 he was also chosen senator to the General Court. Brigadier Thompson died in 1797, and was buried in an old burying- ground at Ferry Point, in Topsham. His remains were afterwards removed and placed in the same grave with those of Humphrey Thompson, his son, in the village burj'ing-ground. Samuel Thompson was a man of some wealth, for the times. He was worth, according to the inventory of his property, some over $35,000. A little less than half of this amount was in real estate, of which he owned the most in Topsham, though he possessed consid- erable in Bowdoin, some in Bath, and an inconsiderable amount in Brunswicli. In regard to his character, it is hardly possible to render Brigadier Thompson exact justice. Nothing has been learned as to his private and social life. It is known, however, that his wife was, at times, insane, and it is said that on one occasion she killed an adopted son, of some five or six years of age, with a pair of steelyards. One of his children was also an imbecile. Under such circumstances, it is hardly probable that his home life could have been a happj' one. In regard to his public life, it is not so difficult to form an opinion, though even here, owing to his outspoken and vehejnent manner, he made so many enemies that it is difficult to know the truth of some statements made in regard to him. One thing is sure, that he was one of the leading men of his day, running over with zeal and patri- otism. The late Judge Freeman says of him, " He was a portly man, not of very tall stature, but somewhat coipulent, and appar- ently of a robust constitution, but not supposed to be possessed of much real courage. Nature had furnished him with strong mental powers and a capacity which, if it had been rightly directed and employed, might have rendered him a useful member of societj', but BIOGRAPHICAL. 813 his mind needed cultivation." He was strictly a " self-made " man, and was particularly remarkable for his firmness of opinion — often amount- ing to obstinacy — and for his ready wit, which, when he was in the House_ of Representatives, often excited the mirth of his brother members. In his religious views Samuel Thompson was a Universalist, or rather a Winchesterian. He believed in the Trinity, in a day of gen- eral judgment for all mankind, and in the ■ punishment of the wiclied in a literal hell-fire, but he also believed in the final salvation of all. Tradition says that the brigadier died in great agony of mind, expect- ing to suffer for his sins in fire and brimstone for 50,000 years. He also evidently believed in the doctrine of foreordination, as he was accustomed whenever anything went wrong to console himself with the reflection that " it is all right in the great plan." It is said that on one occasion, as he was going from Topsham to the General Court, he stopped at Nichols's in Brunswick for a i^air of new boots. Not being so well suited with them as he desired, he complained to Nich- ols, who replied, " It is all right in the great plan." " N-n-nichols," said the brigadier, stuttering, "the great plan has nothing to do with these boots." Samuel Thompson was a zealous Whig or Anti-Federalist. He was a delegate from Topsham to the convention that "convened at Boston, January 9, 1788, and continued until February 7, following, for the purpose of assenting to and ratifying the Constitution recom- mended by the Grand Federal Convention." On the question of rati- fication he voted naj^. A letter to Madison, quoted in a letter to Washington, February 3, 1788, contains the following: " The leaders of this party [Anti-Federalists] are Mr. Widgery, Mr. Thompson^ and Mr. Nassow, from the province of Maine." As throwing some light upon the probable reasons for Mr. Thompson's negative vote, we quote the following extract from a letter of General Knox, bear- ing date New York, January 14 [1788?] : — " The second party in the State are in the province of Maine. This party are chiefly looking towards the erection of a new State, and the majority of them will adopt or reject the new Constitution, as it may facilitate or retard their designs, without regarding the merits of the great question." On this question of the adoption of the Constitution, Mr. Thompson made several speeches. His longest one was against the paragraph providing for a standing army. His remarks, especially those begin- ning, " my country!" called out replies from the opposite side. 814 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. While discussing the fourth section in regard to elections, G-eneral Thompson said : — "Mr. President, I have frequently heard of the abilities and fame of the learned and reverend gentleman [Reverend Mr. West] last speak- ing, and now I am witness to them. But, sir, one thing surprises me : it is to hear the worth}' gentleman insinuate that our federal rulers will undoubtedh' be good men, and that therefore we have little to fear from their being intrusted with all power. This, sir, is quite con- trary to the common language of the clergy, who are continually rep- resenting mankind as reprobate and deceitful, and that we really grow worse and worse day after day. I really believe we do, sir, and I make no doubt to prove it before I sit down, from the Old Testament." On the question of considering the Constitution as a whole instead of by paragraphs, he remarked that, in his opinion, " the Constitution, and the reasons which induced gentlemen to frame it, ought to have been sent to the several towns, to be considered by them. My town considered it seven hours, and after this there was not one in favor of it. It is strange," he continued, " that a system which its planners say is so plain that he that runs may read it, should want so much explanation." While the question of slavery was discussed. General Thompson exclaimed, " Mr. President, shall it be said, that after we have estab- lished our own independence and freedom, we make slaves of others? Washington, what a name has he had ! How he has immortalized himself ! but he holds those in slavery who have as good right to be free as he has. He is still for self, and in my opinion his character has sunk fifty per cent." When the paragraph in regard to the writ of habeas corpus was read, General Thompson asked the president to please to proceed. " We have," said he, " read the book often enough. It is a consistent piece of inconsistencj'." These extracts from his speeches show that though the brigadier was a bitter opposer of the Constitution, he possessed no mean power of debate, and could express himself tersely and vigorousl3^ As a public speaker, we cannot with fairness judge Mr. Thompson by his harangues to the populace. In these he was impetuous, noisy, and sometimes even furious. The late Doctor James McKeen de- scribed his speech on one occasion in the following words : — " The brigadier was of too fiery a temperament to be either appeased or softened, but went on continually hurling his gall-bladder invec- tives against all who failed to come up to his measure of vehement BIOGRAPHICAL. 815 demonstrations." It is to be presumed tiiat his manner in the House of Representatives was calmer and his speech more considerate. General Thompson, though perhaps not haughty or overbearing in his manner, had a good deal of pride in his position as a public man and an officer. It is related that once, when a member of the Gen- eral Court, he was crossing a toll-bridge leading into Boston, when the tollman demanded toll. Toll not being required from members of the legislature at that time, the brigadier replied, with great dignitj', " I belong to the House, sir." " Belong to the House ! I should think j^ou belonged to the ham" was the replj' of the tollman, evidently induced by his rustic appearance. As regards his military qualifications, Williamson describes the brigadier as bold and courageous, but as not possessing sufficient coolness, consistency, foresight, or intelligence to qualify him for a leader. In regard to his braverj' there seem to be conflicting opinions. His exploit in regard to the capture of Mowatt has already been men- tioned, and some other facts connected with his militarj^ career would seem to show that he was not deficient in courage. The following anecdote, however, if true, would seem to indicate both cowardice and stinginess. It is related that on one occasion Captain John Ross, of Sebasco- digan, the master of a coasting vessel, was in Boston and ready to sail for home with onlj^ two hands (Robert Gorden and William Coombs) with him. Just before the time for sailing the brigadier came on board and bespoke a passage. He brought with him a pil- low-case full of gingerbread and some molasses for his rations. They set sail and started on their homeward voyage. The bay was full of cruisers. When abreast of the Isle of Shoals they discovered a small vessel, apparently a fisherman, inside. She soon, however, hoisted her canvas in pursuit. Captain Ross ordered the two swivels to be fixed on the windlass bits, loaded with powder and ball. Coombs was stationed at one, and Gorden at the other. The hostile vessel ap- proached rapidly, passed by the bows of the coaster, saw the swivels and the two men swinging their lighted ropes to keep them alive, and passed on her way and left them. All this time the brigadier, " ex- pecting death would be his portion, stood in the companion-way, out of sight, trembling with fear and suffering the horrors of despau'." When the privateer had passed by, the brigadier made his appearance in good spirits, and exulted that he had saved his gingerbread. Notwithstanding the anecdotes tending to throw ridicule upon him, and the animadversions of fiis enemies, it is evident that General 816 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Thompson must have been in some respects a remarkable man, or he could not for so long a period have possessed the confidence of a majority of his fellow-citizens and have filled the responsible stations which he did. At all events, the strength of his patriotism ought to overshadow many minor defects of character. TITCOMB, EEVEEEND BENJAMIN. Benjamin Titcomb, fourth son of Deacon Benjamin and Anne Tit- comb, was born in Portland, July 26, 1761. He was educated at Dummer Academy, Newbury, Massachusetts, and afterward at New- buryport ; served an apprenticeship in the art of printing, establishing himself in the printing business at Portland. On the first day of Janu- arj"^, 1785, he "struck off" with his own hands the first sheet ever printed in Maine. About 1798 he left printing, and with no other preparation than that which the grace of God gives, began to preach to the small Baptist society then recently gathered in Portland, the first meetings of which were at Mr. Titcomb's house. In 1804 he removed to Brunswick, and became pastor of the Baptist Church which had been gathered here by Elders Case and Williams. The meetings of this society for several years were held at Maquoit, in the meeting-house which was built by the society in the latter part of the last century. In 1829 the meeting-house on Federal Street, which is now occupied by the Catholics, was built ; and in this Elder Titcomb finished his pub- lic labors, retiring from the pulpit at the age of eighty-three, after a forty years' ministry in Brunswick. In 1820, Elder Titcomb was elected a delegate to the convention that formed the Constitution of Maine ; and at the request of General King, opened the convention with praj'er. Not fond of political pre- ferment, he afterward declined oflflce, which was several times offered him. He was one of the original trustees of Waterville College, now Colby University, and took great interest in that institution. He was a man of decision, "strong in faith," a ready speaker, preaching with- out notes. He retained his mental faculties in a good degree to the last, dying at his residence on Federal Street, September 30, 1848.1 UPHAM, THOMAS C, D. D. Professor Upham was born in Deerfield, N. H., January 20, 1799. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1818. He then went through ^From Qriffln's Press of 'Maine, p. 34. BIOGRAPHICAL. 817 three rears of theological study at Andover, in which he gained such distinction by his indefatigable study, his scholarship and attain- ments, that, after completing the course, he was selected bj' Profes- sor Stuart to assist him in the Greek and Hebrew instruction of the seminary. He subsequentlj- became pastor over the chnrch of his Rochester home, where he labored a year with characteristic zeal and energ}-, and to the great contentment of his people, until 1824, when he was chosen to the professorship of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics in Bowdoin College. In 1852, Professor Upham spent a 5-ear in European and Eastern travel, visiting England and Scotland, France, Switzerland, Germanj-, and Italy, Egj'pt and the Holy Land, his companion of travel being Reverend Mr. Thompson, then of the Broadwaj- Tabernacle, New York. One result of his tour was a volume, in which we have the impressions made on an observing, contemplative, highly cultured, and poetic mind of the people and scenes he visited. This volume, of which a third edition has been printed, ranks high among the most thoughtful and instructive works of that class. He was a voluminous writer. A collection of his works would make at least twenty vol- umes. Among the better known of his writings are his treatises on mental philosophy and on the will. He also published a volume of minor poems, under the title, " American Cottage Life," which went through six editions. The variety and extent of the literary labors of Doctor Upham afford proof of the varied character of his erudition. He was indeed a devourer of books. He explored all the libraries of the college and visited those of other institutions. He read all works in his own department and biographies and books of travel, from which to draw manifold illustrations. " He was deeply read in European history. Probably the State could not have produced a man more conversant with the politics of Europe. Occasionally during the first two or three j-ears of his professorship, he occupied the pulpit of the Bruns- wick church to the great gratification of his hearers. He supplied the pulpit in Harpswell for a season or two, and his active interes, and personal eff'orfc in encouraging that people and the people of Topsham in maintaining the ordinances of God's house are held in grateful remambrance. In person he solicited contributions among the people of Harpswell toward their new church, and with success surprising to themselves. " Air questions of public moment, whether regarding religion or 5-i 818 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. morals and manners, found him a vigilant observer and active partici- pant in all good measures. "Professor Upham's whole life was that of a true philanthropist. The famous line of Terence, Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto, was illustrated in him as fully as in anj' human being. There was a fountain of kindness and good-will within him, ever full and overflowing. His domestic affections were deep and abiding Noth- ing could show more strikingly the love that was in him, seeking for objects on which to fasten, than the fact that, not being blessed with children of his own, he adopted children and loved and did for them as if they were his own. " The oppressed and down- trodden found in him a sympathizing, active friend. He was an earl3- and liberal patron of colonization, constituting himself a life member of the society by a contribution of $1,000. His name stands on the first roll of signers to the temper- ance pledge in Brunswick, drawn up immediately after the visit of the eminent Doctor Edwards. He watched with eager eye every move- ment for the ends of civil and religious liberty in Europe or on this continent. He labored earnestly in the cause of peace, and yet when the cloud of civil war hung over our laud, his heart was stirred within him for the salvation and integrit}' of his bleeding country. To crown all, he was instant in season and out of season, in college, in the street, and from house to house, in the cause of his Master. No one was more sensitive to anything which promised good or threat- ened evil to the interests of moral or of vital godhness. ' ' There was not the shade of self-exaltation in anything he said or did. He was far as one could be from the appearance of being puffed up by his attainments or his wide reputation. His manner and bearing were not even what might have been excused in one who could not but be aware that he could sustain elegant and learned dis- course with any of the philosophers or statesmen or men of letters of the world. On the contrarj^ he could take the level of the most humble and illiterate, with no appearance of condescension, readily adapting himself to their apprehension, their prejudices, or their humors, thus in the best sense becoming all things to all men if he might thereby win them to the right and the true." He died in 1872. VEAZIE, GENERAL SAMUEL. General Veazie was born in Portland, Maine, April 22, 1787, and came to Topsham when about twenty-one years of age, without c;ipi- BIOGRAPHICAL. 819 tal, and established himself in a smnll business. He afterwards en- gaged in the lumber business on the Androscoggin, and in ship-build- ing. He built a dozen or more vessels, equipped them, freighted them with his own lumber, and carried on a direct trade with the "West Indies. In the war of 1812 he took an active part. In 1812 he was chosen ensign, and in 1819 captain of a Topsham company in the militia. He .was afterwards promoted rapidl}', until he filled the office of general. He is said to have been, though a strict disciplinarian, an efficient and beloved commander. " Identified wjth all the social, religious, and political interests of Topsham, General Veazie became one of its leading citizens. His liberdity towards the church where he worshipped, the trees which he planted, and the good taste and improvements displayed, will not be forgotten in coming generations. " lu 1826 the inducements of a larger field for operations, on the Penobscot, called his attention there, when he made valuable pur- chases in Oldtown, which became so important that he closed his business at Topsham, and moved to Bangor, in 1832. " The loss of such a citizen to Topsham was soon apparent in his operations at Oldtown and Bangor. " His comprehensive mind made him master of the situation, and while he continued to build ships and give employment to his old mechanical friends who followed him, his manifold lumbering inter- ests, at Oldtown and Stillwater, proved the wisdom of his invest- ments. Superadded to these he became noted as a banker, founding the Bank of Bangor, which was merged into the Veazie Bank, both institutions ever having the confidence of the public, based upon his capital and management. " The Bangor, Oldtown, and Milford Railroad becoming unprofitable to its proprietors, was sold to him, when, as if by magic, it recuper- ated, and became one of the leading arteries of Bangor. In 1S55, having lost his wife, he moved to the then village of North Bangor, where he afterwards married. The citizens of that village petitioned the legislature to be incorporated as a town under the name of Veazie, which was granted, and here, some three miles from Bangor, he ever after resided. "G-eneral- Veazie was a JeTersonian Demosrat, a man of graat executive ability and financial capacity, had an iron will, accompa- nied by a resolute energy and inflexible integrity. He was a good husband, devoted parent, and an excellent neighbor. His word, like 820 mSTOET OF BRUNSWICK, T0F8HAM, AND HAEFSWELL. the bills that bore his name, was never ' below par,' and he was always the j'oung man's friend. Wielding a large influence, and although often solicited, he would never accept office, nor ever held one, as the writer believes, except that of councillor to the governor of the State. His life was one of incessant activity and usefulness to the day of his death, March 12, 1868, when, in the full possession of his faculties, surrounded by his family, he bequeathed to them a good name, and probablj^ the largest fortune in the State." WALKER, MAJOR NATHANIEL. Nathaniel Walker was born in Arundel, now Kennebunk, Septem- ber 25, 1781, and while a boy came with his father to Topsham, in which town he passed the greater part of his life. He was a warm-hearted patriot, and served in the war of 1812. He was captain of the Topsham artillery companj' in 1814, when it was called out and ordered to Bath for the defence of that town, and was subsequently promoted to the office of major. He filled various public positions. He was town clerk for a series of years and post- master for some length of time. Major Walker was also a justice of the peace and an efficient member of the Citizens' Fire Company, in which he alwaj's kept up an interest. His chief occupation was that of surveyor of lumber, and he was also interested in the lumber busi- ness. He was an energetic and able business man. He had a strong constitution and was very healthy, never having been sick up to the time of his death. He built, in 1809, the Walker homestead, where he lived until his death, which took place August 17, 1851. WHEELER, REVEREND AMOS DEAN, D. D. The subject of this sketch was born in Woodstock, Vermont, Decem- ber 13, 1803, and was the son of Amos Wheeler, Jr., and Lj-dia [Ran- dall] Wheeler. His father dj'ing when he was three j'ears old, he was adopted by James Udall, Esquire, of Hartland, Vermont, with whom he lived until seventeen years of age, receiving instruction in the com- mon schools and at Thetford Academy. In 1820 he went to Leices- ter, Massachusetts, where his relatives resided, and attended Leicester Academj' for a wliile, subsequently teaching school until he entered Williams College, from which he graduated in 1827. He then taught the academy at Marlboro' for two years, at the expiration of which time he was elected principal of the Latin Grammar School in Salem. He remained in that position for three j'ears, studying theology, mean- time, with the Reverend Charles Upham, D. D., who was then pastor BIOGRAPHICAL. 821 of the First Church in Salem. Resigning his school in 1832, he spent a year at Harvard Divinity' School, graduating therefrom in 1833. Fi-om Cambridge he went to Meadville, Pennsylvania, to supply the pulpit of the Unitarian Society, and remained there seven or eight months. While at Meadville he received a call to settle over that par- ish, but declined on account of the distance from his relatives and friends. In 1834 he was invited to and was settled over the Unitarian Society in Standish, Maine. He continued in that place until 1839, when he received a call to settle in Topsham, where he ever after lived. For fourteen years he preached in the Unitarian Meeting-House in Topsham. At the end of that time the Unitarian Society of Topsham and the Universalist Society of Brunswick were united under the name of " The Mason Street Religious Society," of Brunswick, and Mr. Wheeler was invited to become pastor of the new organization. He preached to this society until 1865, when he resigned and was soon after appointed missionary for the American Unitarian Association to the State of Maine, and at about the same time he was elected secre- tar3' of the Maine Conference of Unitarian churches. He died June 28, 1876. The following obituary notices by life-long friends undoubtedly give a correct estimate of his character and abilities. " Soon after Doctor Wheeler made Topsham his home he became known to the college. Three of his sons were graduated from it. He was for years uniformly on its committee of examination. I doubt whether the late Professor Smjth thought he could have an examina- tion in the higher mathematics without him. But he was at home in any department of the course. The doors of the college were always wide open to him, and she bestowed on him her highest honors.' " Interested in education, he was for years on the superintending school committee of his town, and I think there was not a child in the town who was not glad to see him enter the school-room on his official visits He was interested in young men ; fitted several for the col- lege, received undergraduates as pupils, and they respected and loved him as a father. ' ' He was for manj^ years on the standing committee of the Maine Historical Society, and much esteemed and respected for counsel and encouragement." "Doctor Wheeler was a man of unquestioned ability, of cultivated and literary tastes, an easy, graceful writer, ready in extempore 1 The degree of D. D. was bestowed upon him in 1860. 822 HIST0R7 OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND EARPSWELL. address, of singular puritj' of life and conversation, possessing a heart as tender and true as that of a child. Scorning all equivocations, pur- suing the right with unflinching purpose, leading the life of the hum- ble and devoted Christian, he won the love of the people of his own denomination, and the esteem of all others who knew and appreciated his worth." " Doctor Wheeler was a man of strong convictions, of decided opin- ions, of a gentle, genial spirit, generous impulses and sympathies for every good object, of high-toned character. He was not a man to kindle unkind emotions in any breast. I do not believe he left an hos- tile or unfriendly feeling in any one, and we cannot help exclaiming with the Psalmist, ' Help, Lord, for the faithful fail from among the children of men ! ' " Says a writer in the Christian R gister, " He was a man of larger natural endowment and more varied attainments than was generally known. Few of his contemporaries excelled him in mathematical scholarship. He kept well up with the college curriculum in all its departments. For many years he was a regular contributor of able articles to a journal of mathematical science. He had a poetic taste and faculty beyond the average of cultivated men. Few surpassed him in critical and thorough knowledge of the Bible, and in ready abil- ity to maintain his position by exact verbal quotations therefrom. Of clear mental vision and acute argumentative powers, he was strong as he was also fair and good-natured in general debate. " Calm habitually, even to sedateness, self-governed and judicious, the man of all around you to whom you would intrust any matter requiring sober and unbiassed deliberation, he could yet make merry with the gaj'est within the bounds of right and reason, was as tender in his feelings as a child, and his religious emotions were easily excited." His children will be pardoned if, from a filial regard to his memory, thej' have allowed a disproportionate space to this sketch. WILSOl^', CAPTAIN THOMAS. Thomas Wilson came from Ireland when he was about fifteen years of age, arrived in Boston, afterwards came to Topsham, and when the Indian war commenced returned to Boston again. On the return of peace he moved back to Topsham, and remained during the last French and Indian war, and until his decease. He was buried in the grave- yard near the old meeting-house. He was the only one of his family who came to this country. He was a Scotch-Irish Presbj'terian. BIOGRAPHICAL. 823 He was a noted hunter, and was one of the early explorers of what is now the town of Farmington. His house, a block-house, stood a lit- tle west of where Mr. James Wilson's house now stands. His third son, Thomas, was in the English navy in the Revolution, and died in consequence of wounds received in action. He may have been im- pressed into the British service, but the belief has always prevailed in the family that he entered it voluntarily. WOODSIDE, REVEREND JAMES. Reverend James Woodside was a clergyman of the Church of Eng- land. According to a statement in the Pejepscot Papers, he, with his son William, arrived in this country prior to the year 1714. He remained at Falmouth with his family, and his son came to this town and took charge of the block-house at Maquoit in 1714. If the fore- going statement is correct, he must have returned to Ireland again, as he certainly left the latter country in 1718, as is shown by the follow- ing copy 1 of a petition of James Woodside to the king, 25th June, 1723.: — "To THE KixGS Most Excellent Majesty in Counckl: — "THE HUMBLE MEMORIAL & PETITIOX OF JAMES WOODSTDE, LATE MINISTER OF THE GOSPEL AT BRUNSWICK Ilf NEW ENGLAND * "Sheweth, " That he with 40 Familys, consisting of above 160 persons did in the j-ear 1718 embarque on a ship at Derry Lough, in Ireland, in order to Erect a Colony at Casco Bay, in your Maj'tys Province of Main in New England. ' ' That being arrived they made a settlement at a place called by the Indians Pejipscot, but by them Brunswick, within 4 miles from Fort George, where (after he had laid out a considerable sum upon a Garrison House, fortifyed with Palisadoes & two large Bastions, had also made great improvements & laid out considerablj' for the benefit of that Infant Colony) the Inhabitants were surprized bj' the Indians who in the month of July 1722 came down in great numbers to mur- der your Majesty's good subjects there. " That upon this surprise the Inhabitants naked & destitute of pro- visions run for shelter into your Pet'rs House (which is still defended hy his sons) where they were kindly received, provided for & pro- tected from the Rebel Indians. ' Obtained by Reverend Doctor Woods from the Rolls Office in London. 824 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. " That the sd. Indians being happih' prevented from murdering j-our Majestj-'s good subjects (in revenge to your Pfet'r) present!}' kill'd all his Cattel, destroj'ing all the moveables & provisions they could come at, & as your Pet'r had a verj' considerable stock of Cattel he & his family were great sufferers thereb}-, as may appear by a Cer- tificate of the Governour of that Province, a -cop}' whereof is hereunto annexed. Your Pet'r therefore most humbly begs that, in regard to his great undertaking, his great losses & sufferings, the service done to the publick in sa^■ing the lives of many of Your Maj'tys subjects, the unshaken loyalty & undaunted courage of his sons, who still defend the sd. Garrison, Your Majesty in Councel will be pleased to provide for him, his Wife & Daughter, here, or grant him the post of Mr. Cummins, a searcher of ships in the Harbour of Boston, N. England, lately deceas'd, so that his family reduc'd to very low cir- cumstances may be resettled & his losses repair'd where they were sustain'd. " & Your Pet'r shall ever pray &c. " I do hereby certifie that the Rev'd Mr. Woodside went over from Ireland to New England with a considerable number of people, that he & they sate down to plant in a place called Brunswick in the East- ern Parts of New England, where he built a Garrison House, which was the means of saving the lives of many of his people in the late Insurrection of the Indians in July last. That his generosity is taken notice of by both Doctors Mathers & that the Indians cutt off all his Cattle, whereby he & his family are great sufferers. " Copia vera. " Samuel Shute. "London, June 25, 1723." In 1719 the proprietors united with the inhabitants, and in a joint letter invited him to preach six months on probation. The proprietors also provided that the house of Mr Baxter should be made habitable for Mr. Woodside. This house was on lot number six, on the south- east corner of Maine and Green Streets. During his period of probation Mr. Woodside did not give perfect satisfaction, although he had some strong friends. At the expiration of the six months, how- ever, the town voted " to continue him the same length of time again, provided those who were dissatisfied with his conversation can, by treating him as becomes Christians, receive such satisfaction from him as that they will hear him preach." The majority of the settlers were opposed to him, however, and he only preached three months longer, BIOGRAPHICAL. 825 not being, it is said, puritanical enough. He returned to England soon after leaving this town, and it is thought that his son James fol- lowed him. Soon after his return he sent Ms portrait over to his son William, ft bears date " 1726, bj- Gibson." Mr. Woodside corre- sponded with his son William for some j-ears afterwards, though the latest date is now unknown, as is also (to the writer) the date of his death. WOODSIDE, CAPTAIN" WILLIAM. Captain Woodside obtained command of the Block House at Maquoit in 1714, according to one account, but not until 1726 according to another statement. ^ He was commissioned as lieutenant, but after- wards was made a captain. He bought a lot on what is called Whar- lon's Point, from its original owner, Thomas Wharton. He afterwards purchased the first of the regular lots laid out by the proprietors, *io wards the falls. He was a large, well-built, though somewhat corpulent, stout, active, and energetic man. The Indians, it is said, stood in fear of him. He was a trader with the Indians, and, it is alleged, usually got the best of a bargain with them. Esquire Woodside, as he was usually called, was with the expedi- tion to Louisburg in 1750. He received a commission as chaplain from Lord Loudoun. There are many anecdotes concerning him, which are current to this day. He had a number of encounters with the Indians, but always managed to escape, and sometimes inflicted a severe punishment upon those who attempted to molest him. He wore, as was the fashion at that time, a large three-cornered hat. "Early one Sunday morning he went, against the remonstrance of a number in the garrison, to a turnip-yard which he had a short dis- tance north from his house, on the road. The people in the garrison were suspicious that there were Indians about, because the dogs had been barking all night. When he got to the turnip-yard he put his hand on the fence and jumped over, and there were a number of In- dians concealed under the fence upon the lookout for him. He got back over the fence as quick as he could. The Indians pursued him, but he outran them, and when they found they could not catch him they fired at him, but his life was presented while he received two or three balls through his hat. " Another time, when the Indians appeared friendlj', he went into the wood to cut timber. Darkness overtook him before his return. When ' " Oleanings," in Brunswick Telegraph, by McKeen. 826 mSlORT OF BSUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. he arrived near home he came upon some Indians 'by surprise. They professed to be very glad to see him, and tried to detain him so ear- nestly that he was suspicious that there was some mischief going on. He went to the garrison and found all well. He then went to his barn and there found an Indian setting fire to his hay-mow. He caught him, gave him manj' severe blows on the side of the head with his fist, and left him, as he supposed, dead. In the morning he went out, and found that bj^ some means he had been taken away." i Captain Woodside died in 1764. His will was written by Master George Harwood, and his son-in-law. Deacon Samuel Stanwood, was the executor, I Pejepscot Papers. FAMILY msroiiiEK 827 CHAPTEE 11. FAMILY HISTORIES. EXPLANATOEY NOTE. In the following pages will be found a brief account of the origin and settlement here of some of the older families of these towns. Nothing further than this has been attempted. To bring the gene- alogy of so many families down to the present generation would involve a vast amount of labor, and would, of itself, make a volume. For the same reason it has been found necessary to limit the number of fami- lies mentioned by including those onlj' who settled somewhere in these towns prior to the year 1800, and whose descendants are still living in this immediate vicinity. The list of families mentioned does not, how- ever, include all who came here previous to 1800, as there are some such families concerning which sufficient information could not be obtained without the devotion of more time and labor to the work than the authors could afford. In some cases the omission is due to the fact that members of the family, to whom application for information was made, have failed to make any response to the request. The following abbreviations are used : — abt. — about. dau. — daughter. b. — born. m. — married. d. — died. s. — single. ch. — child or children. (Biog.) — see Biographical sketch. bap. — baptized. wf. — wife. ANDERSON. According to traditionary accounls, Jacob Anderson came from Dungan- non, the home of the O'Nells, in Ulster County, of Tyrone, Ireland. He emigrated to this country somewhere about the year 1710. He settled for a short time near Old Orchard, but soon moved to that portion of Freeport known as Flying Point. He built a block-house there and became a farmer, and somewhat noted Indian fighter during the French war. The Cumberland Begistry of Deeds shows the sale to him of portions of the Dummer claim 828 HISTOJtY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAMi AND HARPSWELL. in (then) North Yarmouth, and the adjacent islands' off Flying Point by Jere Powell, Epes Sargent, Timothy Prout, and Abraham Pettengill, at various dates from March, 1759, to March, 1764. Jacob Anderson, son of the above Jacob, was b. in Freeport. He left there to join Washington's army at Cambridge the next morning after tlie news of the battle of Lexington reached Maine. After the close of the war of the Revolution, he removed to Brunswick, and cleared a farm lying between the Woodside and Ross farms, on the main road from Brunswick to Freeport. His son, Martin Anderson, was born on the farm above mentioned in 1789. Subsequently to 1812 he removed to Preeport, and from there to Bath. He died at the house of his son. Reverend M. B. Anderson, D. D. , Rochester, N. Y., Dec, 7, 1875. BABBIDGE ok BARBIDGE. James Barbidgk, orBABBiDGE, a husbandman residing at North Yarmouth, was born about 1697, at Uffculme, Devonshire, England, and was a son of James and Prudence Babbidge, whose other children were a dan., Tampson, who m. John Brumfleld, and sons Peter, Courtney, and William. (From "Dep- osition of James Barbidge, of North Yarmouth, Maine, 1730.) (N. E. H. & G. Reg. Vol. 13.) The Harpswell town records contain the record of the death of a James Babbidge, August 11, 1764, aged 78. He was therefore born 1686. It is not improbable that he is the James alluded to as having been born in 1697, and that a mistake has been made in one or the other statement. A CoxjRTXEV Babbidge m. , 1st, Sarah, dau. of James Bibber, abt. 1754. They had ch. Sarah, \). No. Yarmouth, 1756; William, "b. Harpswell, 1758; Stephen, b. 1760 ; Covrtney, b. 1761 ; Bettij, b. 1763 ; Susanna, b. 1766. He m. 2d, Abigail, dau of Wm. Booker; ch., William b. 1769. BAILEY. Deacox Timothy Bailey, of Hanover, Mass., was a descendant in the 3d generation of John, of Scituate. He m. 1st, Sarah Buck, May 27, 1731, who d. Oct. 9, 1740 He m. 2d, Hannah Curtis, June 9, 1742, and with his wife was recommended to the church in North Yarmouth He settled on Bailey's Island, then a part of North Yarmouth. Ch. — Olive, b. May, 1735, d. May 26, 1736; Timothy, b. June, 1737, d. young; Sarah, b. March 13, 1739; ch. by second wife were : — Delight, h. June 12, 1745; Olive, bap May 15, 1748: Timothy, bap. Oct. 13, 1757. BARST0W.2 " Barstow, — Naburn Hall, York, Ermine on a ferre sable, three crescents, or, crest, a horse's head, couped or." This family came from the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. Four brothers of this name came early to this country and settled at Cambridge, Watertown, and Dedham. Their names were George, Michael, John, and ' These islands are the Middle Brother, UpperBrother, and Sow and Pigs. 2 See Bistory of Hanover, pp. 208 to 227. FAMILY HISTORIES. 829 William. Of the male descendants but one (James) is known to have settled in this vicinity. Mary, dau. of Joshua, b. in Hauovor, Mass., in 1743 m a Curtis, and settled at Harpswell Neck. James Bar.stow, son of Joshua, was b. in Hanover, Mass., Oct. 8, 1744 and m. Agnes, daughter of Wm. Wyer, of Boston, and settled iu Harpswell,' and was the ancestor of all of that name in this vicinity, and d. Feb. 17 1827 Ch. y^^VG:~EUzaheth, b. 1777; Joshua, b. 1781; WillUm, b. 1784; Kob^H b. 1785 ; Agnes, b. 1788. ' BERRY. Joseph Berry was b. at New Meadows, Brunswick, Sept. 26, 1740. His parents had previously resided at "Berry's Mills" in Bath, then called Georgetown. Nothing has been obtained as regards his ancestors. He m. 1st, Feb. 1767, Jane, the second dau. of Capt. Adam Hunter, of Topshamj 2d, Jennett, a, dau. of Deacon James Henry, the cooper of Topsham.' Ch. were by first wife,— ^cfem, b. Jan. 25, 1769, unmarried. Was lost at sea, date unknown; Joseph, b. about 1772, unmarried, d. in 1810. By 2d wife:— Jereni/ , m. Crispus (iraves, date of birth and death unknown; John, b. , m. a Simpson, d. in Demerara, March 18, 1803; Hannah, d. in infancy; Bubert, b. xi^pril 28, 1786, single; was drowned at Cathauce, May 17, 1835; Unfits, b. May 25, 1789, —nothing else known; Josinh, b. March 22, 1792; single, drowned near Seguin, Sept. 27, 1817, as he was coming from Portland in a small boat; Harvey, b. Sept. 19, 1798, —nothing else known. Joseph Berry, either prior to or after his marriage, settled in Topsham. During the last Indian war he is said to have been captured by the Indians and carried to Canada It appears from an entry in the office of the Registry of Deeds that Dec. 28, 1768, he received of James Hunter one hundred acres of the N. AT. parts of lots Nos 30 and 31 in Topsham. He was one of the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in 1785. BISBEE.i The common ancestor of aU of this family in New England was Thomas Besbidge, as the name was formerly called and spelled. He came from England in the spring of 1634. He is known to have had three children, viz. ; Elishi ; Alice, who m. John Bourne ; Mary, who m. William Brown of Sudbury . Olivbr BrsBEE, of the sixth generation from Thomas, was b. in Duxbury, Mass., June 10, 1762 He was a ship=carpenter. He m. 1st, Huldah Simmons of Duxbury, and, prior to 1790, he moved to Brunswick and settled at New Meadows. His ch. was, by 1st wf. : — Huldah, b. Oct 4, 1791, m. Edward Mclntire. He m. for 2d wife. Persis Simmons, a sister of his 1st wf., Sept. 22, 1792. Ch. were -. — Bufus, b. Jan. 12, 1792 ; tStudley, b. July 10, 1795 ; Hannah, b. April 18, 1797, single; Willi'im, b. July 4, 1799, m. Hannah Prior; Aaron, b. Oct. 10, 1802, m. Nancy Conley ; Seth, b. Sept. 27, 1804, m. Maria Larrabee ; Sarah, b. Aug. 3, 1806, m. James Tebbetts. Charles Bisbbe, Jr., of the sixth generation from Thomas, was b. in 1757, and m. Desire Dingley, of Marshfield. He was a jeweller and watch repairer, ' For full genealogy see Bisbee Family Records, 830 mSTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSEAM, AND HARPSWELL. and worked some time at his trade in Brunswick. He subsequently moved with his family to Indiana, where he d. June 11, 1833. BOOKEE. This family is of English origin, the name being quite common in England. John Bookek came from England about 1707 and settled at York. It is probable that he was accompanied by a brother who settled further east. He m. Hester, dau. of Thomas Adams of York, by whom he had eight oh., in York, between the years 1713 and 1728. James Bookke, the sixth ch. of John of York, was b. Dec. 18, 1723. He m., in York, Mercy Young, dau. of Benaiah Young, Nov. 11, 1747, and settled on Harpswell Neck, near the old meeting-house, soon after his marriage. He was a deacon of the Congregational Church and was a selectman in 1762. He ran a freighting vessel from Harpswell to Boston and the intermediate ports, carrying largely wood and bringing east general merchandise. He was the progenitor of the Bookers now residing in Brunswick and vicinity. Ch. were:— Jimcs, b. Dec. 25, 1748 0. S. ; Jotham, b. July 3, 1750 O. S. ; Bitth and Joseph, b. May 27, 1753, N. S. ; Miriam, b. June 23, 1755 ; Daniel, b. Nov. 14, 1756; Mercy, b. May 6, 1758; Daniel, b. Feb. 25, 1760; Isaiah, b. Jan. 5, 1762; William, b. Oct. 9, 1763; Ester, b. Nov. 21, 1765. CHASE. The first of this name to whom reference has been found was Judah Chase, who settled in Brunswick about 1752. He was the ancestor of the Brunswick family of that name. His wife's name was Margaret. He d. in 1804. Ch. were -.—Anne, b. Mch. 3, 1753 ; James, b. Mch. 23, 1755 ; Mary, b. Aug. 5, 1757 ; Isaac, b. Aug. 27, 1759 ; William Vincent, b. Nov. 2, 1761 ; Anthony, b. Oct. 2, 1763; Judah, b. Nov. 16, 1765; Margaret, b. Nov. 7, 1767; Nathaniel, b. Jan. 17, 1770 ; Jean, b. Apr. 18, 1772. CLAEK. Samtjkl Clark and his wife Martha were both born in Ireland, but may have _ been m. in Boston. He settled at Middle Bay, Brunswick, about 1739. He was a deacon in the First Parish Church in Brunswick. Ch. -were : — John, b. Dec. 11, 1730; Mary, b. Nov. 1, 1732; J?o6ert, b. April 18, 1735 ; Samuel, b. May 22, 1737 ; Nathan, b. July 2, 1739 ; Margaret, b. Aug. 1, 1741; James, b. May 19, 1745; David, b. Mch. 29, 1748; Nuthan, b. Feb. 5, 1751 ; John, b. Oct. 27, 1754. COOMBS. The name of the father of the first of the family who came to this vicinity has not been ascertained ; but he was a Frenchman, who settled first in Plym- outh County, and subsequently lived in Newburyport. He is known to have had children, — Peter, Anthony, and John. Pbtek Coombs came to Brunswick about 1730, and settled first on Howard's Point, a short distance below the Bartlett Adams place. He afterwards moved to the Freeman Gross Place (near Harding's Station), where he remained to his death. Ch. : — George, Peter, Samuel, and Caleb. FAMILY HISTORIES. 831 Concerning Anthony Coombs nothing is l^nown, except that he settled on the James Larrabee Place. John Coombs settled on Great Island, Harpswell, and was the grandfather of Elisha, Anthony, John, and Isaac. CUETIS.i Akms : Arg. a chev. sa. betw. three bulls' heads, cabossed, gu. Crest : A unicorn pass or betw. four ti-ees ppr. The Curtis family are descended from an ancient English family settled in the counties of Kent and Sussex. William Curtis, the ancestor of nearly all of that name in New England, came over in the Lion in 1632. David Curtis, of the third generation from William, m. Bethia Sprague, of Duxbury, Dec. 14, 1732. Moved to Harpswell about 1744. He was the ances- tor of all the name in this vicinity. Ch. were (b. in Hanover, Mass.) : — Nehe- miah, b. 1733; Eztkiel, b. 1735; Paul, b. 1737; Michael, b. 1739; David, b. 1741 ; Buth, b. 1743. GUSHING. The ancestor of aU of this name in this vicinity was Matthew, who, with his wife Nazareth, his sons Daniel, Jeremiah, Matthew, and John, his daughter Deborah, and his wife's sister, Francis Ricroft, widow, sailed from Grave- send, April 26, 1638, in the ship Diligent, and arrived in Boston, Aug. 10. Caleb Cushing (see Biog.), s. of Timothy, was b. in Cohasset, Mass., April 2, 1777; came to Brunswick in Sept., 1797. He m. in 1801, Mary Dunuiug, dan. of John Dunning. She d. Nov. 13, 1808. He m. again, Dec. 5, 1814, Dolly Owen, dau. of Philip Owen. She d. in Augusta, April 29, 1865, aged 78 yrs. He d. April 14, 1838. Ch. were : — Bufus King, b. July 23, 1802; Luuis Tileston, b. June 24, 1804; Francis Dunning, b. Jan. 20, 1807; John Schwartkin, b. Sept 12, 1808. It is said to be a curious fact that through the whole genealogic line of the Cushing family a strict adherence to Scripture Christian names has been observed, and that the first ipiddle name occurring since 1638 was that of the oldest son of Caleb. DOUGLAS. "In the year of our Lord 770, in the reign of Solvathious, king of Scotts, one Donald Bane of the Western Isles, having invaded the Scotch territories and routed the royal army, a man of rank and figure came seasonably with his friends and followers to the king's assistance; he renewed the battle, and obtained a complete victory over the invader. The king, beiug desirous to see the man who had done him so signal a piece of service, he was pointed out to him, by his color or complexion in these words of the old Gallic or Celtic language,— Sholto Do Glas, in English " Behold that black or swarthy colored man," from which he was named Sholto the Douglas. The king royally rewarded his great services, and gave him a grant of several lands and large possessions in the County of Lanark, which were called Douglas ; and from hence came the surname of the family." (From " Scottish Peerage."; '1 he first of the name in New England is said to have been John Douglas, who was b. in Scotland about 1695. At the age of 12 he was kidnapped by the ' See History of Hanover, Mass. 832 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. crew of a man-of-war, and brought to Boston. He m. and settled in Middle- borough, Mass. Children were : — -Elijah, John, and George. Elijah Douglas, s. of the above-named John, was b. in Middleborough in 1720. He married (1st) April 27, 1742, Phebe Taylor, she died about 1749. He m. (2d) Elizabeth, dan. of Edward and Patience Estes, of Harpswell. Soon after the death of his first wife, in 1750, Elijah, with two sons, moved to Maine, and bought with Benj. Winslow one half of New Damariscove Island, in Casco Bay, then a part of North Yarmouth, but now belonging to the town of Harpswell. The deed bears date Jan. 30, 17.50-1. He subse- quently bought a farm of Mary Hals, on Merriconeag, and built a log-house near what is known as Hals Brook. The farm is now owned by Henry Merry- man. He engaged in shipping wood from Birch Island to Boston. He is said to have been the first of the name to join the society of Friends, having united with them at Falmouth, June 29, 1754. . In 1775 he removed to Royalsborough, now Durham. He d. in 1814, aged 94. Ch. by first wife were: — Daniel, b. 1747; and Cornelius, b. Middle- borough, Mass., Sept. 12, 1749. Ch. by second wife were : — Joseph, b. in Harps- well, April 8, 1753, — an eminent minister of the Friends, — d. iu Durham, Dec. 22, 1821; Joh, b. Oct. 9, 1754; Israel, b. July 17, 1766; Sarah, b June 13, 1759, m. Benj. Doughty, of Brunswick; Patience, b. Mch 24, 1761; Mary, b. July 10, 17G3, m David Booker, of Harpswell; Elijah, b. June 23, 1768; John, b. Nov. 8, 1774. DUNLAP. Rev. Robert Dunlap (see Biog. ), the ancestor of all the Brunswick Dun- laps, was b. in Ireland, in the county of Antrim, Aug. 1715, came to America, 1736, and to Brunswick, 1747. He m. Jane Allison, who was b. 1711, and d in Brunswick, Mch 31, 1797. His mother's maiden name was Nelson. The family is of Scotch-Irish descent. Ch. were : — John, b. in Dracut, June 19, 1737; Elizabeth, b. in Nobleboro', in 1742, m Deacon Andrew Dunning; Samuel, b. iu Boothbay, in 1745, d. in Brunswick, July 28, 1836; Bubert, b. in Newcastle, in 1747, was shipwrecked and lost on Hampton Reach, Dec. 25, 1776; Jane, b. in Brunswick, in 1749; Hugh, b. in 1751. RoBBiiT DuNLAP, the ancestor of the Topsham Dunlaps, came from Ireland about 1730, when his son John, his only son, was nine years of age. Other ch. were: — Jane, m Daniel Eaton, Brunswick; Margaret, m. James Potter, the eldest. DUNNING. Andrew Dunning, the ancestor of all the Dunnings in this vicinity, and, it is believed, of all the family in the State of Maine, came from Ashburton, county of Devonsliire, England, in 1717. He landed at Georgetown, Maine, where he remained a short time, and came to Brunswick the same year and settled at Maquoit on the lot recently occupied by master Samuel Dunning and now owned by Patrick McManus. He brought with him his wife, whose maiden name was Susan Bond, and five sons, who were all b. before he emi- grated to this country. Ch were : — William, settled in York, Me; David, b. 1705, settled in Brunswick Village ; Andrew, b. abt. 1702 and Bobert, who were killed by Indians while crossing Androscoggin River; James, b. 1691, lived in the homestead at Maquoit. FAMILY HISTORIES. 833 The Harpswell Dunnings descended from William of York, wliose sons Andrew and Benjamin moved to Harpswell a short time previous to the incorporation of the town. Some members of the Dunning family claim that Andrew left a son in England named John, who had a son John, who became a celebrated lawyer and was made Lord Ashburton. Others say that there is no evidence that Andrew left a son in England. There is some probability, however, that Lord Ashburton belonged to the same English family, and it is not at all unlikely that he was a grandson of a brother of Andrew. He left a large estate, supposed to be valued at $50,000,000, which, it is said, still awaits an heir male. EATON. This family is of English origin, but the connection with the first settlers of the name, in this country, has not been traced. Reverend Elisha Eaton (Biog ) was b. in 1702. He m. Mrs. Catharine [Belcher] Clough, moved to Harpswell, and was settled as pastor of the church in that place in 1754. He d.- in Harpswell, April 22, 1764. Ch were : — Elisha, b. Sept. 12, 1732, d. in Boston; Samuel CBiog.) b. in Randolph, Apr. 3, 1737; Ma'-y, b. Dec. 1, 1738; Elizabeth, b. May 9, 1740; Htnnah, b. May 30, 1742; ThaM-us, b. Apr. 1, 1744, d. in Infancy. The daughters lived and died in Harpswell. The Harpswell family of Batons is a distinct family, or at least a distinct branch from the Brunswick family. Samuel Eaton, the ancestor of the Brunswick family of this name, came to Brunswick from Salisbury, Mass., early in the last century, and built a house on what is now the southern corner of Bank and Maine Streets, where the billiard saloon stands. He had two ch. and perhaps more. One of his ch., Samuel, was a soldier in Eort George in 1722. He was the one sent to George- town with a letter to Capts. Harmon and Moody. The letter was tied in his hair. When it was not safe by land he took to the water and swam. The other son, Moses, was taken prisoner in June, 1722, cruelly mutilated, and carried to Pleasant Point, where the Indians killed him. ELLIS. This family is of English origin, but we are unable to trace its connection with the first settler of the name in this country. Caleb Ellis, of Cambridge, Mass., was the father of John, who was b. in Cambridge in 1727. Rev. John Ellis, son of Caleb, was graduated at Harv. Coil, in 1750. He was ordained at Norwich (Franklin), Conn., Sept. 5, 1755. He was a chap- lain in the Revolutionary army all through the war. He was installed at Rehoboth, Mass., Mch. 30, 1785. He was dismissed in 1796, and returned to Norwich, where he d. Oct. 19, 1805. Rev. Jonathan Ellis, son of'Rev. John, was b. in Franklin, Conn., April 11, 1762, settled in Topsham in 1784. He m. in 1790 Mary, dau. of Robert Fulton, of Topsham. She d. in Upper Stillwater, Maine, Mch. 11, 1860, aged 91 years less one week. The date and place of his -death are .both unknown. Ch. vrete : — Samuel Deane, b. Aug. 17, 1791, sailed from Bath in 1810, 63 834 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSSAM, AND HARPSWELL. entered British navy and was never heard from; Mary, b. April 9, 1793, m. Charles White in 1839, d. Oct. 26, 185G; JBethiah, b. Feb. 24, 1795, m. in l.-^Sl to Chas. AVhite, d. Dec. 20, 1830 ; John, b. Feb. 10, 1797, sailed from Boston, Oct. 2, 1815, and was never heard from; Danll, b. Feb. 9, 1799, m. in 1826 to Susan D. Hilton, d. Sept. 8, 1841 ; William, b. April 14, 1801, m. in 1825 to Miranda Potter; Asher, b. June 4, 1803, m. in 1886 to Clarissa Shep- herd, lives in Brunswick; Almira, b.Oct. 30, 1805, m. in 1826, to James Pray, d. in 1855; Benjamin, b. Sept. 21, 1807, lost at sea, Sept. 2, 1830; Bobert Fulton, b. Oct. 16, 1809, m. in 1839 to Mary Cliild, d. July 24, 1854. PARE. The earliest member of this family to whom we have found any reference was Thomas Parr, who was in Harpswell before the Eevolution. Whether his ancestors resided there before liim or not, we have no knowledge. He m. a dan. of John Bray and had ch. : — Michael, b. 1760 ; John, b. 1762 ; Thomas, b. 1764; Elizabeth, b. 1766; Isaao, b. 1770; Jenny, b. 1772; Noah, b. 1774; Henry, b. 1776; Loraney, b. 1780; Mary, b. 1784. FAEEIN OE FEEEIN. The father of the first settler of this name in Brunswick was born in Ire- land. He came, to this country from Dublin, and settled in Ipswich, Mass. John Farrin, son of the above, and ancestor of all of the name in this vicinity, was b. in Ipswich. He m. Hannah Newman, of Lynn, Mass. Soon after his marriage he went to Mystic, where he taught school for about six years. About 1755 he moved to Brunswick, where he taught school for many years. Ch. were : — William, b. Aug. 24, 1755 ; Richard, b. Oct. 9, 1760 ; Winthrop, b. Feb. 27, 1763; Ebenezer, h. Nov. 23, 1764; David, b. Feb. 8, 1767. FULTON. Gowen Fulton, with his wife and one child, came into this country with Actor Patten and family, about the year 1730. He lived in Coleraine, the mar- ket town of Derry County, Ireland, and was a journeyman weaver of linen. His wife, whose maiden name was Margaret Caswell, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, where she lived until she was twelve years of age, then went over to Ireland and lived with Actor Patten till she married. They first landed in Boston, and after living in several places they moved to Topsham about the year 1750, and settled in the eastern part of the town. He was the ancestor of all of the name, in this vicinity, at least. He lived to be 96 years of age, and died about 1791. His wife died fourteen or fifteen years previous. Both were buried on their farm. He had ch. : — John, b. in Ireland, m. Hannah Maxwell, of Scarboro', lived and d. in Topsham; James, b. in Scarboro', June 2, 1732, m. in 1764 Mary Fer- guson, of Easton, Mass. (she b. Mch. 9, 1788). He d. Feb. 4, 1820. He was the first representative from Topsham to the General Court; Bobert, b. Mch. 27, 1745, m. in 1764 SaTah Patten. IJed. Jan. 13, 1777. FAMILY HISTORIES. 835 GATCHELL ok GETCHELL. This family is said to be of "Welsh origin. Capt. Johx Getchell (see Biog.) came to Brunswick from Spurwink about the year 1736. He m. 1st, Elizabeth , and had oh. : —Abigail, b. in Brunswick, May 10, 1737 ; WiUiain, b. Sept. 6, 1740. He m.' 2d, Mary , and hadch. : — Doj-cas,b. ITeb. 25, 1743; Samuel, h. Aug. 15, J745 ; Joftn, b. Dec. 3, mS; Mary, b. March 23, 1750; Hugh, b. Dec. 26, 1752; Robert, b. Sept. 21, 1754; Jude, b. Aug. 18, 1756; Susanna, b. June 21, 1757; Nathaniel, b. May 14, 1759. He is said to hare been the ancestor of all of the name now resid- ing in this vicinity. Moses Getchell was a settler on Harps well Neck in 1731. What relation he was, if any, to Capt. John Getchell is not known, and no record of his children has been found. GIVEEN OB GIVEN. David Givben, the ancestor of all of the name in this vicinity, with his wife and three sous came from Coleraine, county of Londonderry, Ireland. He came to Brunswick about 1719. He first settled at Mair Point. In 1730 he applied to the Pejepscot proprietors for land on the Maquoit road for his son David and Ms sons-in-law Samuel Clapp and James Campbell. In his petition to the proprietors, he signed his name Glveen, and some of his descendants still spell it so, while others spell the word with but one e. In 1735 he purchased three hundred acres of land at Middle Bay, for forty- eight dollars, and soon after moved there.' He was held in considerable esteem, and was a deacou of the old Presbyterian Church. The name of his wife is not known, nor the date of his or her death. Ch. were : — David, who moved to Sheepscot ; John and Robert, twins ; Martha, m. Samuel Clarke ; Jane, m. Hugh White, who was afterwards drowned in Middle Bay. She afterwards m. Dr. William Spear; a dau. who m. James Campbell; s, dau.'' who m. Samuel Clapp. GOWEE. Robert Gower came to Topsham from Kent, England, about the year 1766. He m. 1st, Margaret, a sister of Eobert Alexander. He m. 2d, Mary Henry, a, sister of James Wilson's wife, Ann. His intention of marriage to Mary, dau. of James Henry, "y' Cooper," was recorded Nov. 17, 1770. He removed to Farmington, Me., of which town he was one of the first settlers, and where he d. Ch. by first wife were i—.Bdwarfi, b, Peb. 12, 1761; William, h. Nov. 30, 1762. By second wife: — James, 'b. Peb. 2, 1772; John, who afterwards lived in Industry, Me. ; Samuel, who lived in Waterville, Me. ; George, who lived in New Sharon, Me. GRAVES OK GREAVES. Four brothers of this name came to Topsham at dilTerent dates, but about the year 1762. They came from Falmouth. In the latter part of the seven- teenth century John Graves removed from Kittery to Falmouth, and m. ' P^epscot Papers. ' McKeen, MS. Lecture. 836 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Martha, dau. of Michael Mitton. The Topsham families are probably descended from him, though the conuection has not been traced. Johnson Graves %Yas b. Peb., 1732. He m. 1st, in Falmouth, Sarah, a sister of Stephen and Samuel Staples. He m. 2d, June 23, 1803, Mrs. Susanna [Hobbs] Staples, formerly of Falmouth. He d. Jan. 18, 1824. Ch. by Istwf. were : — Daniel, who d. in Falmouth in infancy ; Mizabeth, h. April 19, 1759 or 1760; John, b. in Falmouth July 4, 1762; William, b. in Topsham, Aug. 4, 1765 ; Crispus, b. Oct. 20, 1767. John Graves, a brother of Johnson, m. in 1769, Sarah Boynton, of Fal- mouth. They were published April 10, and the certificate of marriage was recorded Aug. 29. Children were : — Daniel, b. June 16, 1770 ; Sarah, b. Oct. 12, 1771; Johnston, b. Feb. 21, 1774; Elizabeth, b. Jan. 18, ,1778; John, b. September 26, 1780, m. Margaret Gray; Esther, b. Mch. 24, 1788; Zevi, b. Nov. 10, 1790. Samuel Graves, a brother of John and Johnston, had his intention of mar- riage to Mary Gooding, of Topsham, recorded Nov. 29, 1770. He was one of the selectmen in 1773. He d. Aug. 23, 1792. Children were: — Ebenezer, b. Aug. 21, 1775, d. Aug. 14, 1832; Jacob; Thomas; Jabez, supposed to have m. in New Brunswick ; Susan, who m. Joseph Jack, of Bowdoinham ; Molly, who m. Ephraim Marriner; Ann, who m. Isaac Jaquis, of Bowdoin. Of Joseph Graves, a brother of Johnston, John, and Samuel, nothing Is known except that he was one of the selectmen in 1770, and was a grantee, with Samuel, of half of 1,000 acres to be laid out near and convenient to the two branches of the western stream of Cathance Elver. The deed was recorded Mch. 16, 1758. GEAPFAM. Jacob Grafi'am, who was among the early settlers of Brunswick, is the first of the name of whom we find any record. His wife's name was Mary. Ch. were: — Mary, b. Dec. 2, 1735; Joseph, b. Feb. 14, 1738; Rebecca, b. July 8, 1741. HALEY. Pelatiah Haley (see Biog.) was b. in Kittery, Oct. 8, 1740 He m. Bliza- abeth Lewis, who was b. April 9, 1743, and d. Feb. 19, 1836. They came to Topsham in May, 1761. He d. in Topsham, Oct. 29, 1819. Ch. were : — Pela- tiah; Susannah, m. Lemuel Thompson, Sept. 27, 1792; Elizabeth, m. Andrew Whitehouse, Aprils, 1795; Mary, m. David Alexander, Nov. 30, 1800; John, m. Nancy Higgins, Sept. 1827, and d., without issue, Oct. 23, 1882. Joseph Haley, probably a brother of Pelatiah, was b. in Kittery in 1738. He m. Mary, sister of Samuel Goodwin, of Wells. He lived on the fifty-acre lot which was conveyed to John Merrill by the proprietors, Aug. 5, 1768. It was near the first or " old yellow " Baptist Meeting-House, which was built in ' great part by him. He was one of the signers of a remonstrance by the " fathers " of the town protesting against unequal taxes for the support of the minister and for other town charges, which bears date May 4, 1768. He d. in Topsham, May, 1801. Ch. were: — Susannah; Joseph, moved to Lewis- ton; Mary, m a Goodwin, bf Wells; Joshua, moved to Lisbon; John, b. in 1777; (SamMcZ, moved to Lewiston ; Jfoses, a joiner, moved to Bath. FAMILY HISTORIES. 837 Joseph Haley was b. . He m. Esther Towns, of Kennebunk. This Joseph Is a different person from the preceding one. He was a clothier, and was often called "Fuller" Haley, on account of his occupation and to dis- tinguish him from his namesake. He is recorded as a grantee, for £14, of a two-acre lot on the road fi-om John Duulap's, on Aug. 18, 1790.' He d. Sept. 29, 1832. Ch. were: —John, b. May 4, 1777, m. a Milliken, of Scarboro'; Olii'c, b. Jan. 22, 1779, m. May 19, 1796, to Obed Burnham; Jesse, b. Sept. 8, 1780, never married; Susannah, b. Oct. 8, 1783, m. David Foster; Sarah, b. July 22, 1784, m. Actor Wilson; Joseph, b. Dec. 6, 1785, m. a Towns, of Ken- nebunk; Esther b. May 6, 1787, m. Timothy Foster; Bebecca, b. Dec. 1, 1788, d. single; James, b. Oct. 26, 1790, ra. Lois Durell, of "Woodstock; Abigail, b. Aug. 2, 1793, d. single; Abner, b. Mch. 30, 1795; Buth, b. Nov. 4, 1796, d. single. HALL. John Hall was b. in England in 1617. Came to America about 1633. His son John was owner in 1652 of a lot of land in Dover, N. H., and afterwards bousht numerous other lots in the same town. He was quite prominent in town affairs for a number of years. Hatevil Hall, son of John, of Dover, lived in Dover; had but one ch., Hatevil. Hatevil Hall, son of Hatevil, m. Sarah Furbish, of Kittery, April 1, 1733. Settled in Dover. Removed to Falmouth (now Portland) in 1753. He was a large land-owner in that place, arnd in Windham. He was a Quaker. He d. Nov. 28, 1797, aged 90 years, and leaving four hundred and seventy-flve descendants. He lived to see some of his posterity of the fifth generation. His wife d. Mch. 2, 1790. He had ten sons and three dan., all married. Of these children Paul was the eighth son. He was b. in Falmouth, Dec. 15, 1755. He m. Jan. 27, 1782, Sarah Neal. Moved to Brunswick previous to 1798. He d. April, 1841. His descendants are numerous, and many of them are living in this vicinity at the present time (Biog.). HAM. Tobias Ham, the ancestor of all of the name in this vicinity, was a son of John Ham, of Newington, N. H., whose father was born in the Isle of Man, and emigrated from England to Portsmouth, N. H., with the first settlers. Tobias came to Brunswick in 1740, and settled at New Meadows, and erected his house on what has since been known as Ham's Hill. He was a, tanner and shoemaker as well as farmer. His tan-pits were in the low land, east of his house. It is related of him that as he was going to his tan-pits one morn- ing before sunrise he discovered, by his dog's peculiar growl, that Indians were in ambush among the cedars near the pits. He therefore walked back- wards to the house with his gun pointed toward the cedars. The Indians dared not fire, for it would have been certain death to them had they missed him, as " Old Long Gun," as they called him, was a dead shot they well knew. He m. Abigail Smith, whose father lived on Lines' Island, in the Kennebec. ^Lincoln County Registry Deeds, Vol. 39, p. 3. 838 HISTORY OF SRUNSWICE, TOPSIIaM, AND HARPSWELL. Ch. were : — Benjamin, b. Juue 2, 1742, settled in Bath; John, b. Sept. 1, 1744, settled in Bath; Joseph, b. Dec. 30, 1746, settled on the homestead; Judith, b. April 18, 1749, m. a Mr. Arno; Tobias and Thomas, twins, b. July 2, 1751, settled in Lisbon; Nathaniel, b. Feb. 17, 1756, settled on the homestead; another son, Beuben, whose birth is not recorded, settled either in Lisbon or Wales. HARMON. Col. Johnson Hakmon came from York or its immediate vicinity and set- tled in Harpswell in 1727. Reference has already been made to his military services and exploits, and but little else is known concerning him. He m. Mary, dau. of Jeremiah Moulton, of York. Ch. were : — Zebulon, b. Nov. 2, 1702 ; Manj, b. Mch. 28, 1704, m. Lieut, Richard Jaques ; Miriam, b. July 7, 1707; Johnson, b. July 2, 1710; Joseph, b. Mch. 1, 1712; Hannah, b. Feb. 19, 1715 ; Martha, b. April 13, 1720. He was the ancestor of many, if not of all, the Harmons of this vicinity. HENRY. James Henhy came from Providence, R. I., about 1761 or 1762, to Harps- well, where he intended to reside ; but having been disappointed in the pur- chase of a tract of land he had contemplated buying, he soon removed to Topsham, to the lot, probably, that he bought of Adam and James Hunter. For some years before coming to Topsham he had been a farmer ; before that he had been a mariner, but he experienced so many disasters and encountered so many dangers, that he abandoned the sea. He was called "the cooper," but was not, it is said, a cooper by trade, but he acquired the appellation from the fact that his early sea-faring life had made him somewhat familiar with that busiLcss. He was one of the selectmen of Topsham in 1766 and in 1769. He m. a McNess. She was the sister of Col. Samuel Winchell's wife, and came to this country when eighteen years of age. It was two years subsequent to the time of her parents' arrival. It is believed that there was no other family of Henrys in this section of the State. ' Ch.wei-e :— James, who was probably m. Feb. 15, 1776, to Mercy Beveridge ; Mary, m. Jan. 17, 1771, to Robert Gower; Ann, b. in 1748, m. James Wilson; Betty, m. July 28, 1776, to Stephen Titcomb; Jennett, b. Sept. 25, 1751, m. Joseph Berry; Sarah, m. a Sewall, of Bath. HINCKLEY OE HINKLEY. This name, variously spelt Hinchelib, Hynckelby, Hingel, Hynicelby, HiNCKELEY, Hykekele, Hinklf.y, was an ancient one before the Conquest. At the grand survey, begun by direction of William the Conqueror 1080, and completed 1086, Hinckley was returned a part of the possessions of Comus Albericus (Aubrey de Vere), Lord High Chamberlain. Soon after it became the property of Hugo de Grentsmainell, and was called the Honour or Barony of Hinckley. In 1303, Simon de Hyukley was vicar at Hinckley. Samuel Hinckley, said to be the ancestor of all of the name in the Ilnited States, came from Teuterden, Kent, England, with his wife Sarah and four children, in March, 16."4. He landed in Boston on Sept. 18, and settled in Scituate that same year. TBe was one of the associates of Rev. Mr. Lothrop. 1 Woodman, MS. Hist. FAMILY HISTORIES. 839 He moved witli his family to Barnstable in 1G39. His wife Sai-ali d. Aug. 18, 165«. He m. for his second wife, Bridget Bodflsh, Dec. 15, 1657. He d. at Barnstable, Mass., Oct. 31, 1662. His will was dated Oct. 8, 1662. He left the use of his house and garden, and some land, to his wife Bridget, dur- ing her widowhood, and also gave her "all the household stuff she brought with her," and his two cows "Prosper" and " Thrivewell," but his landed property, and the rest of his live stock, which was considerable, he divided chiefly among his sons. He left to each of his daughters, and to each of their ch. the nominal sum of one shilling, by which it is presumed the daughters were all married and well provided for. He bequeathed some of his live stock to his grandchildren, sons of Thomas and Samuel, and to Mary and Bathsheba, daughters of Thomas, and to Henry Cobb's sons, Samuel and Jonathan. In Freeman's History of Cape Cod, Samuel Hinkley is described as having been a very prominent man in public affairs. One of his sons (Thomas) was governor of Plymouth Colony from 1681 to 1692 (except during Andross' rule), and was otherwise very prominent in the affairs of the colony. Samuel Hinckley (see Biog.), of the third generation from Samuel, was b. Sept. 2+, 1684; m. Mary, dau. ofl3dmond Freeman of Eastham. He moved to Brunswick about 1739, having by the way made a few years' stay at Bidde- ford, where the York County records say he bought thirty-three acres of land Aug. 29, 1735, of James Kent, for £115. He had ch. -. — Seth, b. in Harwich, Dec. 25, 1707; Shuhael, b. Harwich, March 25, 1709; Samuel and Mary, b. Harwich, Feb. 7, 1711 ; Edniond, b. Harwich, Nov. 20, 1712 ; Reliance, b. Har- wich, Nov. 21, 1714; Aaron, b. in Truro, Sept. 13, 1715 (see Biog.) ; MehitaMe, b. in Truro, Dec. 25, 1718 ; Experience, b. in Truro, Jan. 16, 1720. Of these sons Shubael, when about 75 years old, moved to the eastern part of the State and married his fifth wife in Machias, by whom he had 4 ch., whose descendants are to be found in that part of the State. The other sons of Samuel settled in Brunswick. HOLBROOK. Jonathan HoLBnooK is said to have been the ancestor of all of the name in this vicinity. Settled in Harpswell, at what time is not known. He m. Rebecca, dau. of Rev. Samuel Veazie, of Harpswell. Ch, were : — Israel, b. ]J73; Deborah, h. 1775, d. young; Deborah, b. 1778; Abizer, b. 1779, d. in infancy ; Abizer, b. 1780 ; Jonathan, b. 1783 ; Rebecca, b. 1785 ; Deborah, b. 1788; Hannah, ti, 1790; PolUj, b. 1792; Priscilla, b. 1795. HUMPHREYS. Lawrence Humphkeys, the ancestor of the Humphreys family of Bruns- wick, was born in the Cove of Cork (now Queenstown), Ireland, in 1757. Of his early life but little is known, except that he received a good mercantile education, and after the death of his father went to one of the West Indies, probably Jamaica, where his first employment was as secretary to the widow of a wealthy planter. He remained at Jamaica several years, returning to Ireland once during that time, until the close of our Revolutionary war, when he was sent by an 840 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, 20FSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. uncle, supercargo of a vessel laden witli molasses from Jamaica for George- town, Me. This vessel, just at the close of her voyage, vyas -wrecked on Par- ker's Island (now Georgetown), and with her cargo was a total loss. Humphreys landed penniless among strangers, but soon found friends, and decided to remain in Georgetown. In 1788 he m. Elizabeth, dau. of John Campbell, one of the principal men of the town, whose father, Alexander Campbell, emigrated from Scotland to Georgetown in 1729 with his young bride, Frances Drummond After residing several years in Georgetown, Humphreys removed with his family to Topsham, where he d. 1835. His. widow removed to Brunswick, where she d. in 1859, aged 92 years. Their ch. were : — Mary, b. 1790, m. Rev. David James, d. Newburg, N. Y., 1844; Sally, b. Sept. 15, 1792, m. Benjamin Mason, d. 1843; Nancy, b. June 22, 1795, m. Thomas N. Thacker; John Campbell, b. Feb. 22, 1798 (see Biog.); Daniel, b. 1800, m. Lydia Clark, d. 1821; Eliza, b. 1806, m. Thomas IT. Thacker, d 1828; William, b. 1808, d. 1810; Margaret, p. 1810, m. Daniel Ham, living at Great Falls in 1877. HUNT. ■ Several persons of this name settled in this country, at various places and times, in the seventeenth century. The Brunswick Hunts are descended from Edwaed Hunt, who was of Amesbury in 1677. He had a son John, who also had a son John. The latter was b. in 1718. John" Hunt, the first of the name in Brunswick, came from Newburyport or Amesbury in 1752, and settled at the west end. He was probably of the third generation from Edward. No record of his ch. has been found. The earliest records of the family, in this town, which we have seen, are the following : — Ephraim Hunt had ch. by wife Martha : — Martha, b. Nov. 20, 1779 ; John, b. Mch. 27, 1780; Jeremiah, b. Jan. 11, 1782; James, b. Sept. 10, 1783; Jennet, b. Aug. 8, 1785; Ujclia, b. Oct. 9, 1787; William, b. July 19, 1789; Sarah, b. Nov. 16, 1791 ; Ephraim, b. Nov. 17, 1793 ; Hannah, b. Nov. 12, 1795 ; Ehene- zer, b. Mch. 11, 1798; Charles, b. Oct. 4, 1800; Clarisse, b. Nov. 13, 1802; James, b July 16, 1805. William Hunt, m. Elizabeth; ch. were : — William, b. Oct. 25, 1774; Mary, b. July 8, 1776 ; Martha, b. Dec. 11, 1777. Daniel Hunt m. Jannet. They had one ch., David, b. Sept. 18, 1783. HUNTER. Adam Hunter, the ancestor of all the Hunters in this vicinity, settled in Topsham in 1718, at which time he purchased of the Pejepscot proprietors two lots of land of one hundred acres each, at £5 each. He was also one of the proprietors of the Cathance Mill right, owning one hundred and twenty- five acres of land and one eighth of the double saw-mill. He subsequently made other purchases of land. He was evidently a man of wealth for those days. His house was deemed the best in town, and to it strangers were directed for accommodation. He was a captain in the last Indian war, and a selectman in 1766. His wife was of Irish descent, and came to this country FAMILY HISTORIES. 841 when ten years of age. Their ch. were: — Elizabeth, h. Sept. 13, 1733, m. William Wooclside of Brunswick ; James, b. April 15, 1735 ; Susannah, b. Feb. 9, 1737, m. Benjamin Lemont, of Bath ; Manj, b. Dec. 6, 1738, m. James Le- mont; Jane, b. Feb. 28, 1740, m. Joseph Berry; WlUiam, b. Dec. 2, 1741; John, b. July 13, 1743 ; Mohert, b. June 15, 1745 ; Marr/aret, b. June 28, 1747, m. Robert Patten, d. July, 1831 ; Arthur, b. April 5, 1749. JAQTJES OR JAQTJISH. LiETJT. EiCHAED Jaqubs m. Mary, dau. of Col. Johnson Harmon, and came with Col. Harmon, or soon after, from York (about 1727) and settled in Harpswell. He was conspicuous in the Indian wars. Among other exploits he killed Ealle at Norridgewock. His descendants,. though not numerous, still reside in this vicinity. Ch. were : — Miriam, b. June 24, 1725 ; Susanna, b. June 15, 1726; Benjamin, b. Oct. 17, 1731. JOEDAJsT. Eev. Robert Jordaj^ was b. in the West of England in 1610. It is not im- probable that he graduated at Oxford, as " a Robert Jordan matriculated at Oxford, 15 June, 1632, aged 19, as son of Edward Jordan of Worcester, county of Worcester." i In 1640 he came to America and settled at Spurwink. He was a kinsman of Thomas Purchase, and resided with the latter for some time, either previous to or subsequent to his residence at Spurwink. In 1642 he m. Sarah, dau. of John Winter. He subsequently removed to Newcastle and afterwards to Portsmouth, K. H., where he d. in 1678. He was an Epis- copal clergyman. (For farther particulars concerning him, see Williamson's Hist, of Me., Vol. I, p. 680.) Ch. were: — John, Robert, Dominicus, Jedediah, Samuel, and Jeremiah. John Jordan, son of John and grandson of Rev. Robert Jordan, was b. at Cape Elizabeth about 1709. He moved to Brunswick in 1739, and thence to Harpswell, where he died about 1795. He was the ancestor of all the Jordans novv living in Brunswick. Ch. were: — Fields, b. at Cape Elizabeth; Peter and John, b. in Brunswick. LAERABEE. This is said to be a French family of Huguenot extraction. Benjamin Lakkabee, of Falmouth (Portland), a son of Isaac, a military man, recovered the property of his father, who with his family had been forced to fly from the war. He m. Deborah, dau. of John IngersoU, and had a son, Benjamin, b. 1700. Benjamin Larrabbb, the ancestor of the Brunswick family of that name, is said by tradition to have been b. in Falmouth. He came to Brunswick about 1727, and was commander of Fort George for some years. He was also agent for the Pejepscot proprietors. He may have been the Benjamin referred to above as being born in 1700. He d. May 9, 1748. His wife's name was Mary. She survived him and m. John Oulton. Ch. were : — Jfary, b. April KToseph L. Chester, of London, in a letter to J. W. Thornton, Esq., of Boston, April, 1876. 842 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 7, 1728; Nathaniel, b. in Fort George, Dec. 23, 1729; Isabella, h. Nov. 27, 1731 ; Abigail, b. Jan. 9, 1733-4 ; Hannah, b. Dec. 10, 1735 ; Elizabeth, h. Jan. 10, 1737-8; Benjamin, b. Feb. 5, 1739-40; Stephen, b. July 12, 1742; James, who had a dau. who m. Aaron Hinkley. LXJNT. All persons of this name in this country, so far as known, are descended from Henry Lunt, who was one of the original settlers of Newbury, Essex County, Mass.; in the year 1635. His will, recorded at Ipswich, is dated in 1662. The name Lunt is of Scandinavian origin. In Denmark it is well known and is spelled Lundt. It seems likely that it is derived from some of the early Danish invaders or incursionists into England.' Amos Lunt (Biog ), a grandson of Henry, was b. in Falmouth, Feb. 29, 1752. He m. Mrs. Hannah Quimby, a dau. of Josiah Noyes. He came to Brunswick with Cutting and Thomas Noyes, lived with them in the fort awhile, and then built a two-story house on the corner of Mill and Bow Streets. He d. Mch. 4, 1837. Ch. were : — Frederick and Harry, who went to North Carolina and d. there ; Joseph, who m. Martha, a niece of Dr. Page. He lived awhile in Brunswick and then moved to Fryeburg, where he d. without issue. McMANUS. James MoManus came to this country from Ireland about the middle of the last century, and settled at Maquoit. He had five sons : — Daniel, James, John, Bichard, Bobert. The latter was b. July 14, 1764, in a house on the west side of the twelve-rod road, a few rods south of the old west meeting- house. He lived for a while with Deacon Robert Dunning and then for five years with Brigadier Thompson. John was b. about 1760, and served as a soldier nearly four years in the Eevolution. He was at the surrender of Burgoyne, served under Gen. Sullivan in the Mohawk country, and received a wound at Cherry Valley which rendered him lame for life. MAEINBE. The great-grandfather of the first of this name in Brunswick is said to have come from Wales, G. B., with a patent to settle Monhegan. It is also said that his two sons went out in their boats fishing, and upon their return found their father had been killed, and their mother knocked on the head with a hatchet by the Indians ; a girl with them had escaped and hid. They took their mother and the girl into their boat, and after burying their father, sailed for Marblehead, where a physician was employed, who trepanned their mother's head, and she eventually recovered.' John Makinkh settled in Brunswick, about 1766. He ra. Ruth . Ch. were : — Samuel, b July 21, 1767, m, Margaret Mosley, Aug. 7, 1786; Sarah, b. June 11, 1769, m. John Simmons Gatchell; and probably other ch. He was the ancestor of all of the name in this vicinity. ' N. E. H. and G. Reg., 22, p. 223. ' Pejepscot Papers. FAMILY BlbTORIES. 843 MARTIN. The first of this name of 'whom we have found any record was John Martin or Maktain, as the name was formerly spelled.* He was among the early settlers of Brunswick. His wife's name was Margaret. Ch. were : — John, b. Nov. 3, 1738; MUzabeth, h. Mch. 5, 1740; Mehecca, b. Jan. 17, 1743; Ephraim, b. July 23, 1746 ; Jennet, b. Aug. 1750 ; Samuel, b. Dec. 25, 1753. MELCHEB. The name is from the Hebrew, and indicates a long line of ancestors. The meaning of the word is said to be "the king," "the kingly one," or "the royal one." The true spelling of the word is " Melchior." The name is a common one in Switzerland and In Germany. It is not known who was the first of the name to settle in this country. Joseph Melcher and his brother Samuel Melcher settled in this town about the year 1757, and were the ances- tors of all of the name in this vicinity. Joseph Melcher settled at Bunganock, on the farm now occupied by Jedediah Mariner. He was a housewright by trade. He m. in 1757, Mary Cobb, of " Gorham town." He d. Apr. 21, 1821, in the 86th year of his age; she d. May is, 1825, in the 87th year of her age. Ch. were ; — Noah, Nathan- iel, Abner, Josiah, Samuel, and nine others. Those named lived in Bruns- wick. Samuel Melcher, brother of Joseph, settled at New Meadows, on the farm now occupied by Dea. James Smith, and he built, in 1767, the house which Dea. Smith now occupies. He m. Isabella, dan. of Judge Aaron Hinkley. He d. Mch. 3, 1834, in the 90th year of his age ; she d. Aug. 17, 1832, in the 86thyear of herage. Ch. were : — Reliance, b. Nov. 15, 1768, d. Nov. 29, 1804; Mary, b. Aug. 5, 1771; Aaron, b. Feb. 23, 1773; Samuel, b. May 8, 1775, d. Mch. 3, 1862; Elizabeth, h. May 13, 1777; Lois, b. July 2, 1780; Rebecca, h. Mch. 6, 1783, m. a Donnel, now living in West Bath; John, b. May 19, 1785; Noah, b. May 30, 1788, d. in infancy ; Rachel, b. Feb. 23, 1793. MERKILL. The name of the first American ancestor of this family has not been ascer- tained, but was probably Nathaniel of Newbury, who was among the first set- tlers of that place. There was a John Merrill in Hartford, Conn., in 1657, who was a son of Nathaniel of Newbury. He had a son John, b. 1669, and a son Abel, b. 1680. One of these may have been the father of the John and Abel named below as settling in Arundel, but there is no positive evidence of the fact. 'John Merrill, with his brother Abel, settled in Arundel, now Kennebunk- port, about 1725, and erected a log-house there. It is not known from whence they came. He was b. about 1700. He m. Mary Hutchins of Kittery. Ch. were -. — Daniel, John, Hannah, Obed, and Humphrey, who d. young. John Merrill, son of John of Arundel, was born in Arundel, Jan. 29, 1734, m. Susannah Haley of Kittery, moved to Topsham in 1758. He d. March 24, 1828. Ch. Yf (ire :— Susannah, b. in Topsham, Nov. 25, 1768, m. Andrew Walker of Arundel; Mary, b. April 9, 1770, m. Stephen Purinton of Harps- 844 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWEhL. well; John, b. Oct. 4t, 1772; ./osepft, b. Jan 22, 1774, d. 1798; Abel, b. July 30, 1776, d. Feb. 13, 1857. (See Biog.) MEREYMAN. (Spelled also Meryman and Merrimau.) Walter Meuyman, the ancestor of all of that name in this vicinity, was an Irishman. He was kidnapped in Dublin and brought to Boston, where he was sold for his passage to a man named Simonton, who lived at Cape Elizabeth. After serving his time with Mr. Simonton he came to Harpswell, date not known. He first settled (according to the late Capt. James Merrymau, of Harpswell) on Birch Island; then he moved to the mainland just above "Lookout Point," near the shore, and afterwards moved to a point nearer the road. According to Capt. James Siunett, who is a descendant, he settled at first in the old house on the Neck, north of the Congregational Church, now occupied by his grandson, Hudson Merryman. He m. Betty Potter of Tops- ham. Ch. were : — Thomas, m. Sarah Bailey ; Hugh, m. Delight Bailey ; Walter, m. Betsey "Webber; James, m. Hannah Blake; Michael, m. Mary Bishop ; and several daughters, one of whom mari'ied Joseph Ewing. MINOT. The first American ancestor of this family was Gbokgb Minot, who was among the first Pilgrim emigrants to Mass., and one of the first settlers of Dorchester. He was the son of Thomas Minot, Esq., of Saflron-Walden, Essex, England, and was b. in 1594. Stephen Minot, of Boston, was grandson of George, of Dorchester. He was a merchant and one of the proprietors of the Pejepscot tract. John Minot (Biog.), son of Stephen, was b. in Boston, in 1694. He was m. in Capt. John Slaughter's chamber, Boston, July 22, 1731, to Hannah Bradstreet, of Reading, Mass. He came to Brunswick in 1730. He d. Jan. 10, 1764. Ch. were: — Mercy, b. July 11, 1732, at Mair Point, Brunswick, m. Rev. John Wiswell of Portland; Hannah, b. March 9, 1733-4, at Richmond, m. Samuel Moody, moved to Boston and then to Bath; Mehitable, b. March 1, 1735, at Richmond; John, b. Deo. 4, 1737; Thomas, b. April 16, 1740. MORSE. Joseph Morse was b. in England, emigrated to New England abt. 1635, and settled at Ipswich prior to 1641. Anthony Morse was b. at Marlboro', Wiltshire, England, 'May 9, 1606. Emigrated and settled at Newbury, 1635, aud d. 1686. One of these was doubtless the ancestor of the Brunswick Morses, but the line has not been traced. Anthony Morse, of Portland, was b. 1720; had six sons, besides daugh- ters. Two of his sons, Joseph and Anthony, settled in Brunswick about the time of the Revolution, and were the ancestors of all the Morses of this imme- diate vicinity. Joseph Moksb was b. in Portland in 1745. Settled in Brunswick near where the old Baptist Meeting-House stood on the twelve-rod road at Ma- FAMILY HISTORIES. 845 quoit. He afterwards moved to Bunganock to the farm where Mrs. Emery Morse now lives. He was a cordwainer and also a shoemaker. He m. Han- nah Hunt, dau. of Ephraim Hunt. He d. Eeb. 10, 1817, Ch. were : — John, b. Jan. 23, 1774; Hannah, \> Nov. 12, 1775; Ephraim, b. Nov. 10, 1777; Anne, b. Nov. 8, 1779; Martha, b. Sept. 23, 1781; Joseph, b. Jan. 11, 1784; Anthony, b. Mcli. 13, 1786; Mary, b. Apr. 30, 1788; Susannah and Sarah, b. July 30, 1790; Benjamin, b. May 17, 1793. Anthony Mouse came to Brunswick with his brother Joseph. He was in the army during the whole period of the Revolution. He m. Susanna Elliot. He d. abt. 1811. Ch. were : —Margaret, b. Nov. 8, 1777 ; Hannah, b. Nov. 21, 1780; James, b. June 21, 1783; Adam, b. July 11, 1785; Susannah, b. Apr. 16, 1790; Anthony, b. Feb. U, 1793. MOUNTFORT. The first of this name of whom we find record was Edmund Mountfokt, who was settled in Brunswick, and had ch: — Han- nah, b. Deo. 17, 1792; Mary and Ester, b. Jan. 11, 1796; William, b. July 20, 1798 ; Vincent, b. July 20, 1801 ; Margaret, b. July 1, 1804. NOTES. Rev. Ja:mks Noyes and his brother Nicholas came to this country in 1634 from Choulderton, "Wiltshire, England, and was son of Rev. William Noyes, who was rector of that diocese in 1602. Nicholas Noyes, brother of the above, was b. in Choulderton, Eng. in 1616. He m. Mary, a dau. of Capt. John Cutting. He d. Nov. 9, 1701, leaving a large family. Cutting Noyes, a grandson of Nicholas, was b. in Falmouth, Feb. 27, 1745. He came to Brunswick soon after the close of the Revolution, with his brother Thomas, and Amos Lunt. They bought a portion of the " Fort Right," and lived in the fort until Cutting built a house where the store of J. T. Adams & Co. now stands. He m. Anne Martin of Brunswick. He d Feb. 15, 1813. Ch. were: — Joseph, b. Mch. 19, 1792, m. Mary Lowell, and lived in Turner; Harriet and Mary, b. Dec. 30, 1793 : Harriet m. William N. Hall, of Brunswick, Mary m. Nathaniel Davis, of Woburn, and settled in Brunswick ; Jane, b. Oct. 22, 1795, m. Ballard Green, who settled in Thomaston. ORR. This family came from Ireland to Boston, in company with the Skolflelds, in the early part of the last century. There were three brothers, Joseph Clement, and John, with their sister Mary. They remained in Boston a few years, when, in 1742, they came to Harpswell and Brunswick. Joseph and Clement settled on the upper end of Harpswell Neck, and subsequently (about 1748) purchased Little Sebascodigan Island, which has since been known as Orr's Island, for which, it is said, they paid two shillings per acre. John settled on Mair Point. Joseph Oru m. Mrs. William Wjer. Ch. were -. — Mary, b. 1761. m. Col. Wm. Stanwood; LeUice,h. 1763, m. John Reed, of Topsham. She d. at the age of 93. 846 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. Clement Ore, son of Clement, b June 27, 1752, d. Oct. 9, 1813. His wife, Patience, d. Dec. 8, 1812, aged 61. Ch. were : — Bicliard, John, Lettice, Mary. John Oru m. Susan Skolfield. Had no children. OWEN. The name of the first American ancestor of this family has not been ascer- tained. The Brunswick Owens are probably, descended from John and Lucretia, of Falmouth, who, according to Willis, had a son William in Brunswick. Gideon Owen, the first of the name in Brunswick of whom there is any other record, was b. April, 1742. His wife's name was Jane. He d. July 8, 1772. Ch. were: — Margaret, b. Oct. 6, 1764; Thomas, b. Sept. 1, 1766; Sugh White, b. Sept. 23. 1768; Martha, b. July 13, 1770; John, b. Aug. 3, 1772; David, b. Nov. 31, 1774. William Owen, whose wife's name was Mary, had ch. : — Janney, b. April 9, 1776; Lumj, b June 3, 1779; Bachel, b. May 9, 1781; William, b. Jan. 3, 1784. Philip Owkx was b. Peb. 18, 1756. He m. Joanna . He d. May 28, 1849. Ch. were: — Jb/m, b. Mch. 19, 1784; Philip, b. Dec. 3, 1785; Dorothy, b. Feb. 11, 1787; Jane, b. Sept. 29, 1789, m. Nath'l Badger; Jeremiah, b. Mch. 16, 1792; Joanna, b. May 13, 1794, m. Joseph Griffin; Hannah, b. Sept. 2, 1796. PATTElSr. Four brothers. Actor, William, Kobeet, and Matthew Patten, came to this country early in the last century from Coleraine, a market town of Derry County, Ireland. According to one account they all came over at the same time (about 1727). Another account places the date of Robert's arrival at 1737. Actor was an elder of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland. He landed in Boston, ftom whence he went to, Falmouth (Portland), and soon afterwards settled in Saco. From Saco he moved to Flying Point, in Freeport, and afterwards moved to what is now the town of Surry, where ho d. previous to the Revolution. William settled in Boston, and Matthew in Saco. Robert settled in Arundel (Kennebunk). John Patten, son of Actor, was b. in Ireland in 1717. He came to this country with his father in 1727. He m Mary, a dau. of Robert Means, of Saco. She d. about 1798. He d. April 7, 1795. Ch. were : — Robert, b. May 14, 1743, in Saco ; Sarah, who m. Robert Fulton ; Jane, who m. William Ran- dall in 1783, and who d. in Nov. 1832; Mary, who m. Samuel Jameson; Han- nah, who m. Thomas Harward ; Margaret, who m. James Maxwell ; John, d. in Topsham, single; William, d. in England, a prisoner, single; Thomas, b. Feb. 10, 1761, m. Katherine Fulton; Joseph, b. in 1764; Matthew, d. at the age of 15 ; Dorcas, who m. James Hunter (son of Col. James Hunter) ; Actor, who m Ann, dau. of John Hunter ; David, who m. Hannah Reed, and who d. in Bowdoinham. Actor Patten, son of Robert Patten who settled in Arundel (Kennebunk) in 1737, was a cousin of John. He was b. in Ireland, Jan. 22, 1737. He m. in 1766, Jane, a dau. of Hugh McLellan, of Gorham. She was b. Dec. 29, 1748, and d. Aug. 28, 1835. He was only six weeks old when his parents emigrated to this country. He was an only son. He moved to Topsham in FAMILY HISTORIES. 847 Dec. ITtiO, when 23 years of age. He had visited the town the previous June. He d. July 26, 1816. Ch. were : —Elizabeth, who m. Benjamin Patter- son, of Saco; Robert; Actor, b. iu Topsham, in 1771; Mary,-vi\\o m 1st, Thomas Bucljminster, of Saco, ni. 2d, Dr. Shannon, of Saco, and d. at Passa- dumlceag, of croup, in Jan. 1834; Abigail, who m. William Tate; Jane, who m. Jonathan Marston, of Monmouth; l.ebecca, who m. Robert McLellan, of Gorham ; Hugh, who m. Lucy Green (sister of Nathaniel and Gardner Green) ; Sachel, who d. single ; William, who was a sea-captain ; Margaret, who m. 1st, Joseph Swett, and 2d, Noah Melcher. PENNELL. Thomas Pennell and two of his brothers came to America from the Isle of Jersey, in laie English Channel, about the year 1740. They are supposed to have descended from a Huguenot family, who fled from France ou account of religious persecution. It is said that these three brothers were orphans who had some property in England, and were sent here by their uncle, who had charge of the property, under pretence of giving them an education, and that they landed at Scituate, Mass., without any money. After stopping there awhile they moved to York, and from there to Capisic (near Portland), where Thomas and one of his brothers bought, each, a farm. Thomas is said to have lost his on account of an incumbrance upon It when he purchased it. The brother who bought a farm there also remained, and his descendants are scattered over Gray, Westbrook, Portland, and neighboring towns. The other brother went to Kingston, Canada, where his descendants are to be found. Thomas m. Rachel Riggs. He moved from Capisic to Gorham, and afterwards, in 1760, to New Meadows, Brunswick. He d. Nov. 12, 1812. Ch. were : — Matthew, b, in Capisic, 1748, d. in Portland, 1817 ; Thomas, Jacob, John, Stephen, and several daughters, one of whom m.^a Mr. Ham, whom she survived, and afterwards m. James Merryman, of Harpswell. PEEKY. The ancestor of at least one of the families of this name how residing in Brunswick was Nathaniel Perry, who emigrated from England about 1680. His son John, of Rehoboth, Mass., was b. in 1770. John Pekry, grandson of the John named above, was b. in Rehoboth, Dec. 3, 1772. In 1798 moved to Brunswick. He m. in 1802, Jane, dau. of Col. Wm. Stanwood. He d. in Bangor, March 18, 1846. Ch. were : — Jbft» J[. ; Octavia Jane ; Isabella Hunt ; Martha Stanwood ; William Stanwood ; Hannah L. W. ; Jesse Appleton. PETERSON. The name of the first American ancestor of this family has not been ascer- tained. The earliest known was Joseph Peterson, of Duxbury, Mass., whose son Jonathan d. in 1756. John Peterson, grandson of Jonathan above named, and the ancestor of all of the name in this vicinity, came to Brunswick about 1783, and settled at New Meadows. His wife's name was Sarah. They lived in the house now occu- pied by Bartlett Adams. He kept a store in the building opposite, and also 848 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. in a building near the river. He built vessels, had a mill, and vyas one of the most enterprising citizens of the time. All of his children but the last three were b. in Duxbury. Ch. were : — John, b. July 30, 1767 ; Levi, b. Nov. 7, 1769 ; James, born Dec 30, 1771 ; Nancy, b. Mch. 20, 1774 ; Charles, b. Aug. 20, 1776 ; Hewett, b. Sept. 19, 1778 ; Sarah, b. Jan. 20, 1781 ; Daniel, b. Oct. 28, 1783; Abigail, b. in Brunswicli, Sept. 17, 1786; William, b. Mch. i, 1789; Lucij, b. April 27, 1791. POTTER. The name of the ancestor of the Potter family in this vicinity has not been ascertained. He had three sons, William, James, and Alexander, who all set- tled in Topsham, about 1740. William Potter m. Catherine Mustard (tradition says). She afterwards m. Edward Cunningham, of Bowdoin. He was killed by the Indians in 1747. Ch. were : — James, called the second; Alexander, who m. a lady by the name of Snipe, of Georgetown; John; David, who m. Euth, dan. of Caleb Curtis, of Harpswell; Samuel, who was drowned; Joseph, who lived at Moose Island, Eastport ; Matthew, who m. Isabel Heddrean, Sept. 1787 ; William. James Potter settled on Lot No. 41, in Topsham. Ch. were : — William, who lived in Litchfield ; John, who also lived in Litchfield ; Samuel, b. in 1746, m. April 21, 1778, Elizabeth Dunlap, and d. about 1800; JJeweij, who lived in Gardiner; Joseph, who lived in Ohio; James, who m. April 8, 1784, Jenny Mallet ; Andrew, who lived in Gardiner ; Christian, who m. Jan. 6, 1777, Eben- ezer Dunlap, of Litchfield; Elizabeth, who m. Nov. 26, 1782, James Dunlap; Jane, who m. April, 1787, Nathaniel Marston, of Gardiner. Alexander Potter b. in 1711, d. April 14, 1800. Ch. -were -.^Alexander, M'ho m. in 1782, Abigail, dau. of Ezra Randall; Mary, who m. April 18, 1777, Hatherby IToster, of Georgetown; Jane, b. in Topsham, Dec. 11, 1743, m. John, son of William Eogers. PUEINTON. Humphrey Purinton came from Cape Cod, about the time of the last Indian war, to the New Meadows Eiver, settling on the Bath side, near the present railroad bridge. His ch. were all born before he came here. They were ; — Nathaniel, b. 1731 (or 1736) ; Ahial, who m. Brig. Sam'l Thompson; Joshua, who lived in Bath; Uezeldah; James, b. in Truro, Mass., April 9, 1742; Humphrey. , He was the ancestor of all the name in this vicinity who spell the name as above. EANDALL. William Randall emigrated from Bristol, England, and settled in Scituate, Mass., about 1660. Se was the father of Joseph, who was the father of Benjamin. Ezra Eandall, son of Benjamin above named, settled in Topsham, but afterwards moved to Bowdoinham. He is called a shipwright in a deed to him dated Oct. 15, 1761, from Jacob Eaton, of a lot numbered 18, in the town plan.i May 7, 1762, he also bought lots 13, 14, 15, and 16, of Michael Mal- ' Lincoln Registry Deeds, Lib. 1, p. Hi. FAMILY HISTORIES. 849 colm of Georgetown, and May 14, 1762, he sold lots 13 and 14 to his brother Paul.' June 4, 1766, he sold to his brother William fifty acres of land.» He is said to have been addicted to drinking liquors, and to have soon squan- dered his property. Hem. Margaret . He d. in Bowdoinham, aged 88. Ch. \vere: — Isaiah, b. Nov. 4, 1772; John, b. Feb. 24, 1769; Nabbij, who m. John Mustard, Jan. 22, 1778; Joseph, who m. Martha Reed, about 1778; Heatherby, b. Aug. 26, 1766; JHzra, h. Aug. 28, 1764; Margaret, b. Aug. 6, 1762, m. Alexander (son of Alexander) I'otter, of Bowdoin; Isaac, b. June 1, 1776; Elizabeth, b Nov. 28, 1779. Paul Kandall, son of Benjamin and brother of Ezra, b. in Scituate in 1736 ; settled in Harpswell. He m. Molly McFarland. Ch. were : — Paul, and probably others. William Ran-dall, also brother of Ezra, was b. in Scituate, Mass., Jan. 1, 1743. He m. Jane Patten, to whom his intention of marriage was publisjied, July 23, 1783. He settled in Topsham, later than his other brothers there. He bought fifty acres of Ezra, and together with Daniel, eighty-five acres of land of his brother Paul, and afcy acres of William Thorne, Jr. (See deeds referred to.) He was one of the selectmen in 1776, and one of the Commit- tee of Correspondence and Safety in 1778 and in 1785. He d. in Topsham, June, 1826. Ch. were -.—Jane, b. April 28, 1784, m. James Jameson; William, b. Aug. 22, 1785, who was father of Elbridge ; Benjamin, b. Nov. 14, 1789, graduated at Bowd. Coll. in 1809. Daniel Randall, brother of Ezra, m. a Widow Kemp, and moved to Harpswell, where he d. He bought land, with his brother William, of Paul, Ezra, and William Thorne. Ch. was -. — adau., who m. Capt. Norton Stover. RAYMOND. Paul. Raymond came from Dorchester, Mass., or vicinity, to Harpswell, previous to 1770. He had eh. : — Edward, b. in Harpswell, Dec. 5, 1771; m. Lydia Coombs, dan. of Anthony, who came from Dorchester; moved to Brunswick (Growstown), in 1799. Paul, who m. Abigail, dau. of Wm. Thompson, of HarpsweU. REED. The name of the ancestor of the Reed family, of Topsham and Harpswell, has not been ascertained, but the family is of Irish descent. Three brothers, David, John, and William, settled in Topsham about 1731. David Reed m. Anna Rogers (the sister of John who was the father of Hugh). He lived on what is now known as the Willis Sprague farm. He was licensed May 26, 1761, by the Court of Sessions, as an innholder, and also in 1762, '63, '64, '66, '67, and in 1771, as a retailer, and again as an inn- holder in 1772, '73, and '74. He was a lieutenant, under Capt. Actor Patten, at the Penobscot expedition, and was a captain in 1783. He was one of the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in 1776, '81, and '83. He removed to the Penobscot about 1790, and was one of the earliest settlers of Stillwater. He is said to have built the first mills there. Ch. were : — Deina, b. July 12, i Opus cit., pp. 187 and 188. ^ Opus cit., Lib. 5, p. 6. 54 850 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. 1760; Mary, ti. July 8, 1762; Margaret, b. Aug. 20, 1769; Anna, b. July 22, 1766; Damd, b. Mch. 7, 1769. John Kbed was b. in Ireland about 1719. He d. Jan. 12, 1795. Ch. were : John, b. in Ireland about 1747; Jane, who m. Joseph Foster, of Topsham; J/art/ia, who m. Joseph, son of Ezra Eandall; Hannah, m. Robert, son of Eev. James Potter; Charity, who m. 1st, Benjamin, son of Ezra Randall, 2d, a Prescott (who ran off and left her), and, 3d, John Hern, of Ireland, after- wards of Whitefield ; Susan, who d. single. William Reed was b. abt. 1691. His wife's name was Mary. He d. in July or Aug. 1773. Ch., if any, are unrecorded. KICH. The earliest known ancestor of this family was Eichakd Rich, a mariner, wh'o went from Dover, N. H., to Truro, Mass., and was admitted as a freeman in 1681, and d. in 1692. His son Bichard was father of Obadiah. Isaac Rich, son of Obadiah and Polly [Cobb] Rich, of Truro, Mass., moved to Harpswell and settled on Great Island in 1797, bringing with him a numerous family. He was the ancestor of all of the name in this vicinity. Of his ch., Zaheth, m. Mary, dau. of Capt. Sam'l Snow; Isaac, m. Sarah S. Small, who still survives ; David, m. Betsey Rich, of Truro ; Reuben, settled in West Bath, where his descendants still reside. RIDLEY. James Ridley came from Truro to Harpswell before the Revolution, but precisely when is not known. He m. Mary, dau. of Samuel Small of Truro. Ch. were: — Mark, b. 1757; Daniel, b. 1759; Machael, b. 1763. ROGERS. William Rogfes, the ancestor of all of that name in this vicinity, was b. in Ireland. Nothing more than this fact and the names of his children have been ascertained concerning him. Ch .were : — John ; George, who. d. in Ereeport ; Thomas, who d. in Georgetown ; Hugh, who d. in Georgetown ; William, who d. in Ereeport ; Ann, who m. Benjamin Kendall ; Margaret, who m. Rev. John Miller, of Brunswick ; Robert, who d. in Phipsburg. John Rogers, son of William, Sen., was b. in Georgetown, June 20, 1746, OS. He m. Jane, dau. of Alexander Potter, of Topsham. He probably moved to Topsham about 1768, as there was a John Rogers there at that time. The last-named was a sea-captain during a portion of his life. He was one of the selectmen in 1790, '91, and '92. He was town clerk in 1797 and '98. Ch. of John and Jane were : — Jbftre, b. Aug. 30, 1771, lost his leg in Jan. 1836 ; Wil- liam, b. June 2, 1773; Jenny, b. Nov. 15, 1775, m. Ephraim Larrabee; Alexan- der, b. March 13, 1778, moved out West; Dinah, b. April 1, 1781, m. Nahum Houghton; Hugh, b. Feb. 9, 1785, d. April 30, 1867. Alexander Rogers, son of George and grandson of William, Sen., was b. in Georgetown in 1754 ; moved to Topsham, but precisely when is not known. He m. Margaret [Wilson] Hunter, widow of John Hunter, and settled on the farm which was occupied by the late Hon. George Rogers, and which is now FAMILY HISTORIES. 851 occupied by the family of the late George A. Rogers. He was the father of George and grandfather of George A. KOSS. The earliest reference to this family which has been found is contained in Vol. I, Me. Hist. Coll., p. 314, where allusion is made to a James Ross, as follows : — " James Ross was born in Falmouth, 1662, son of James. He was taken pris- oner with his father's family in 1676, and again in 1690. He was a shoemaker by trade, and occupied his father's farm, or part of it, at Back Cove. His mother was Ann, the eldest daughter of George Lewis. On his return from his second captivity, he resided at Salem. His father was here [Falmouth], about 1657. He was living in Salem in 1724." In 1720 a James Ross pur- chased of the Pejepscot proprietors a lot of land in Topsham (probably lot No. 18), and built a house upon it, and resided there for some time. After his death, which was previous to 1761, his heirs sold their rights to the land. (See Line. Co. Reg. Deeds, Vol. I, p. 170.) It is not improbable that this James may have been a son of James of Falmouth, but the connection has not been traced. The first of the ftimily in Brunswick of which we have found any record was William Ross, who was b. July 15, 1747. He was probably son of WiUiam, of Sheepscot. His wife's name was Jeunett. She was b. Nov. 12, 1752. Ch. were : — William, b. Nov. 15, 1773 ; Jennett, b. Aug. 3, 1775 ; • Martha, b. Mch. 27, 1777; Elizabeth, b. Mch. 22, 1777; Anna, b. Oct. 11, 1781;- Bobert, b. Oct. 7, 1783; James, b. Mch. 27, 1785; Sarah, b. Apr. 21, 1790. SIMPSON. William Simpson, the ancestor of all of the name In this vicinity, came from the southern part of Ireland (probably from the county of Clare) about 1735, and bought the farm at Maquolt where Robert Chase lived in 1859. He returned to Ireland and brought back his wife and two daughters, but left one son there. Both of his daughters married and went to Sheepscot. One, Jane, m. a Hopkins, and lived, it is said, to be 102 years old. His wife's name was Agnes. Ch. b. in America were : — WiUiam, b. Nov. 17, 1738 ; Itobert, h. Oct. 30, 1740 ; Lewis, Josiah, and two other sons. All but Lewis and Josiah settled at Sheepscot. Josiah settled on the homestead. He m. 1st, Elizabeth, dau. of Robert Spear, Jr. ; 2d, a dau. of James Potter. He d. Dec. 25, 1819. Lewis m. Martha Skolfleld. SINNETT. Michael Sinnktt, the ancestor of all by that name in this vicinity, was born in an inland town of Ireland. After serving his time as an apprentice, he, in company with one or two fellow-workmen, went to Dublin in search of employment. They had been in Dublin but a few days when, as they were loitering about the wharves, looking at the shipping, which to them was a novel sight, they were accosted by a well-dressed man of pleasant appearance, who, after some conversation, invited them to go down the harbor in a ves- sel which was about to sail, assuring them that they could return with the pilot. They, without suspicion, accepted the invitation. As soon as the 852 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. city was fairly left behind, Mr. Sinnett and his companions were taken before the captain, who informed them that they must go to America with him, and that resistance would be of no avail. They were thunderstruck, but resolved to make the best of their unlucky situation. When the vessel reached Boston, public notice was given that Sinnett and his companions, having embarked of their own free will, and having no money to pay their passage, would be sold to pay their passage fees. Joseph Orr, who with his brother Clement had purchased Orr's Island, paid the passage money for Sinnett, and took him home with him and set him at work upon his farm. What became of Ifeinnett's companions we do not know. When Sinnett had served for a length of time sufficient to reimburse Orr for the passage-money paid by the latter, he was a free man. Soon after gain- ing his freedom, he married a woman whose relatives lived in Hingham, Mass. Her full name we have been unable to learn, but her Christian name was Mary. Shortly after his marriage, Sinnett went with his wife to what is now Boothbay, where he built a small house and began to clear up a piece of land. By and by a coaster came along, bound for Boston. Mrs. Sinnett thought it a good opportunity for her to visit her relatives, and Mr. Sinnett assuring her that he could get along alone for a few weeks, she concluded to make the journey. She had been gone but a few days when a press-gang came ashore and carried him to New York, from whence he was marched, wathe Lakes, to ■ Quebec, to join Gen. Wolfe's army. He continued in the service until after the capture of Quebec, when he was discharged. Meantime his wife had returned to their dwelling at Boothbay, and finding it deserted she picked her way, as best she could, to Orr's Island, and told her story to Joseph Orr. He took pity on her, and promised to take care of her. He and she then went in a boat to Boothbay, and brought back to Orr's Island what few things of value were left in the house. When her husband was discharged, he, with others who had been impressed into the service, picked their way back to Maine. He came directly to Joseph Orr's, where he found his wife. Mr. Orr then sold to Sinnett thirty acres of land, for which the latter was to pay, and did pay, in days' work. On this lot he built a house, and it stands to-day in good repair, a monument to his industry and perseverance under difficulties. Ch. were : — Stephen, b. 1766 ; James, b. 1770. SKOLFIELD. The first of the name of whom there is any knowledge was Thomas Skol- field, of England, who was an officer in King William's army in 1690, when King James was driven from Ireland. He was granted a tract of land for his services, and settled in Ireland. He had four ch. : — Thomas, George, Elizabeth, and Susan. Thomas, George, and Susan came to America early in the last century. George settled in Philadelphia. Thomas and Susan settled in Bruns- wick. The latter m. John Orr. Thomas Skolfield (see Biog.) was b. in Ireland in 1707. He settled in Brunswick on the farm now owned by Peter Woodard. He m. Mary Orr. He d. Jan. 6, 1796. She d. Aug. 1. 1771, aged 57. Ch. were: — Bebecca, b. July 8, 1737; Uichard, b. Sept. 6, 1738; Clement, b. June 1, 1740; yinne, b. May 18, FAMILY HISTORIES. 853 1742, m. Eobert Spear, Jr. ; Thomas, b. June 8, 1744, in Brunswick, m. Ann Anderson; Manj, b. Feb. 10, 1748, m. Captain Eobert Given; Stephen, b. July 8, 1751; Martha, b. Mch. 19, 1753, m. Lewis' Simpson; John, b. June 13, 1755; Joseph, b. Mch. 1, 1757; William, b. Aug 27, 1760. SMALL. The ancestor of this family, in Harpswell at least, is believed to have been Taylor Small, who was b. in Truro, Mass., and moved to Harpswell, between 1750 and 1755. He m. Thanlrful, dau. of Thomas Ridley. Ch. were : — Deborah, b. 1743; Thankful, b. 1745; Taylor, b. 1746; Joseph, b. 1748; David, b. 1750, —all b. in Truro. The following were b. in Harpswell: — Thomas, b. 1755; Samuel, b. 1757; Ephraim, b. 1759; Lydia, b. 1161; Marie, b. 1763. SMITH. Joseph Sjiith was one of the early settlers of Brunswicli. He settled at New Meadows in 1739. His wife's name was Susannah. Ch. were : — Thomas, b. Feb. 22, 1754; Samuel, b. Oct. 10, 1756; Molly, b. Mch. 22, 1758. Thomas was killed by the Indians when fourteen years old, i. e., in 1768. He was going after the cows, and when near the tan-pits the Indians intercepted him. His father saw the Indians and shot one of them. They then shot Thomas, and his father killed another of them. SNOW. Nicholas, Axthont, and William Snow are reported to have come over early. The two former brought families. William was an apprentice and set- tled in Duxbury. Anthony settled first at Plymouth, and then, in 1642, In Marshfleld. Nicholas, who came over in the Ann in 1623, settled in Eastham. From one of these probably sprang the Snows of this vicinity, but the con- necting links are missing. The ancestor of the Snow family of this vicinity was Isaac Sjtow, who set- tled in Harpswell early in the last century. His wife's name was Affier. Ch. were: — John, b. July 25, 1734; Isaac, b. May 18, 1736; Elisha, b. March 26, 1739 ; Joseph, b. Oct. 2, 1740 ; Ambrose, b. Mch. 20, 1742 ; Elizabeth, b. Nov. 3, 1743; Samuel', b. Feb, 28, 1745; Mercy, b. Dec. 8, 1751; Hannah, b. Oct. 30, 1756. Samuel, John, and Isaac are said to have once owned all the laud on the east side of Great Island, Harpswell, north of where Mark Small now lives. SPEAK. Eobert Speak, one of the early settlers in Brunswick, was b. abt. 1682. He may have been son or grandson of George, of Braintree, who was made a ft-eeman in 1644. He lived a little west of where the old meeting-house stood. His house was a garrison, protected by a timber fortification. Mr. Spear is supposed to have m. a Finney. His wife d. in 1781, aged 85 years. He d. in 1763. Ch were: — Robert, ■ William; a dau. who m. John Given; another dau. who m. William Ross. 854 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. SPRA6UE. This family is doubtless descended from Prancis Spkagub, who arrived in this country in 1623, and settled in Duxbury about 1632. Capt. Joseph Spkaguk came to this vicinity from Duxbury in 1787. Set- tled first in Bowdoinham ; moved to Topsham in 1791 or 1792. He was b. in 1757 ; m. Euth Hunt, of Duxbury. Ch. were : — James, b. in Weymouth, Oct. 5, 1783 ; Oakman, b. in Duxbury, Oct. 4, 1786 ; Joseph, b. in Bowdoinham, Aug. 16, 1788; Elizabeth, b. in Bowdoinham, Aug. 1, 1790; Huth, b. in Tops- ham, June 29, 1792 ; Mary, b. Aug. 27, 1794 ; Samuel, b. Apr. 1, 1796 ; Willis ; David; Frances. STANWOOD. Ebbnezer Stastwood, or Standwood, as he himself spelled the name, was the ancestor of all of that name in this vicinity, if not of all of the name in the country. He came from Ireland, and settled in Brunswick in 1719. He was a lieutenant in the Indian wars, and was a selectman for two years. He was b. about 1695, and d. July 21, 1772. Ch. were : — J^acid, m. Mary Reed, of Topsham ; William, b. 1726, m. Elizabeth Eeed, of Topsham ; he d. 1797. Samuel, m. 1st, Jane [Lithgow], widow of John McEarland, 2d, Mary Wood- side : he d. 1790 ; Susan. STAPLES. This family is understood to be of English origin. One or more of the name came early to this country. The connection between the first of the name-to settle in Topsham and those who first came to America has not been traced. Samuel Staples was b. April 19, 1733. He settled in Topsham as early as 1768 and probably earlier. He m., 1st, Sibbel , who was b. Oct. 31, 1737, and d. in 1778. He m., 2d, Lydia Wells, of Falmouth. Their banns were published July, 1779. Ch. by Sibbel were: — Dorcas, b. Dec. 9, 1783, m. 1st, James, son of Stephen Staples, and, 2d, a Houdlette ; Stephen, b. Nov. 6, 1756, m. a Coombs,' lived and died in Lisbon ; Mary, b. Jan. 31, 1760, m. a Hobbs; Elizabeth, b. July 16, 1762; Sibbel, b. Mch. 23, 1764, m. a Walker; Charity, b. April 20, 1778. Ch. by Lydia were : — Jeremiah, b. June 9, 1780 ; Winslow, b. Mch. 30, 1782; Lydia, b. Mch. 28, 1784, m. James Wain; Eleanor, b. June 4, 1786, m. Dec. 1802, Nathaniel Quint; Lucy, b. Dec. 8, 1789, d. single. Stephen Staples was b. Mch. 27, 1739, settled in Topsham about 1758. He m. 1st, Jude , who was b. Nov. 15, 1738, d. Oct. 6, 1763. He m. 2d, Susannah Hobbs, of Falmouth, about 1764. Intentions were recorded Aug. 11, 1764, she survived him and m. Johnson Graves. Ch. by Jude were : — Lucy, b. Nov. 8, 1760 (probably the one published to Hatevil Laten, Fal- mouth, Jan. 13, 1781); Joseph, b. Aug. 12, 1762. Ch. by Susannah were: — Ephraim, b. May 28, 1765, lived in Gray; Anne, b. April 15, 1767, m. Alexan- der Howland, abt. 1787; .lude, b. May 9, 1769, m. George Potter, of Bow- doin ; John^ b. July 27, 1771 ; Josiah, b. May 2, 1774 ; Daniel, b. April 19, 1777 ; James, b. June 2, 1779 ; Mary, b. July 7, 1782, d. single ; liohert, b. May 6, 1788, lived in Bowdoinham. FAMILY mSTOJflES. 855 STONE. Simon Stone and his brother Gregory were among the early settlers of Watertown, and from them are descended most of the very numerous fami- lies of that name in New England. Gregory moved to Cambridge about 1637. Benjamin Stone and w., Eebecca Littlefield, came from Kennebunk in 1760, and settled in Brunswick. At first he lived In the fort, afterwards built a large house near the corner of Maine and Mill Streets, which he occu- pied as a tavern. He d. 1806. Ch. were : — Lijdia, b. 1758, m. Joseph Holt Ingraham, of Portland; WilUam, b. 1761, d. at sea, unmarried; Benjamin, b. 1763, m. Elizabeth McLellan, of Portland, d. at sea; James, b. 1764, m. Han- nah Walker, of Topsham, d. in 1802; liehecca, b. 1766, m. Joseph McLellan, of Portland, moved to Brunswick in 1819, and d. in 1825 ; Jnhn, b. 1768, d. at Brunswick, 1787; Theodore, b. 1770, never m., d. at Baring, Me., In 1839; Daniel, b. 1772, m. Nancy Hinkley, of Brunswick, d. 1825 ; MatUas, b. 1774, d. In Brunswick, 1798; Hannah, b. 1776, m. Joseph E. Foxcroft, of New Gloucester, d. in 1810; Jotham, b. 1778, m. 1st, Bridget Walker, of Concord, N. H., 2d, Nancy Whitwell, of Boston. He d. at Brunswick in 1-824. STOVER. (STAFFORD?) John Stover, the ancestor of all of that name in Harpswell, was b. in 1709, In the town of York. It is held as a family tradition, handed down for many generations, that when he was nine years old his parents and all his brothers and sisters were killed by the Indians ; that he escaped by hiding under a pile of brush ; that when he was discovered by the whites he had been so terribly frightened that he was not sure of his name, but thought that it was Stafford ; and that he was adopted by a family named Stover. (It has been ascertained that two brothers named Stafford emigrated from England, one of whom set- tled in Providence, R. I., and the other in York, Me.) He m. a dau. of Captain Johnson Harmon. He moved to Harpswell, probably not later than 1730, and settled on a spot about half-way between the present highway and Norton Stover's ship-yard. He d. about 1786. Ch. were: — John, who d. at home; Wanton, who settled in Portland ; Joseph ; Alcott ; Johnson ; Abigail, who m. a Varnum, and moved to Bowdoin; Mary, m. a Wheeler, who lived where Robert Stover now does. SWETT. Arms. — Gules, two chevrons between as many mullets in chief and a rose in base argent, seeded or. • Crest. — A mullet or, pierced azure between two gillyflowers, proper. According to Burke, the Swete or Swett family was formerly of Trayne in Edward VI's time, and subsequently of Oxton, in the county of Devonshire, which furnished many colonists to New England. John Swett, admitted to the freedom of the Mass. Colony, 18th May, 1642,- was one of the grantees of Newbury as early as Dec. 7, 1642. John Swett, probably a descendant of John of Newbury, came to Bruns- wick in 1788. Ch. were : — William ; John-; and James. 85 f! HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. SWIFT. William Swift was an early settler on Cape Cod. He d. in Sandwich in 1642. His descendants are very numerous. • Major Lemobl Swift, probably a descendant of William of Sandwich, came from New Bedford, and settled in Brunswick in 1790. He was a hatter by trade, and a major in the militia.. He d. June 30, 1820, a-nd was the first person buried in Pine Grove Cemetery (the village burying-ground). Ch. were: — Dean, b. Feb. 16, 1791, d. Nov. 1877; Mary Jane, b. Sept. 19, 1810; John Lufkin,h. Jan. 1, 1813; Swan Dincen, b. Mch. 3, 1815. SYLVESTER ok SILVESTEE. Arms. — Ar. an oak tree, eradicated, vert. Crest. — A lion's head, erased, vert. This name appears to be of French origin ; and in the French language, Sylvestre signifies a tree, whence the coat of arms represents an oak-tree in the shield, being a parlant or speaking coat, descriptive of the name. We find the family settled in England not long after the Conquest, and the ancestor probably went over in the army of William, in 1069. Stephen Silvestre was among the gentry of Norfolk. Gabriel Sylvester, D. D., was Prebend of AVeeford, Litchfield, in 1506. The family is highly respectable in the old country, and is numerously represented in the United States. (See Hist, of .Hanover, Mass.) The first of the name in New England was Richard, who was of Weymouth, 1633, and of Scituate, 1642. William Silvester, of the third generation from Richard, was born in Hanover, Mass., Feb. 25, 1708; m. Mary Barstow May 12, 1736. She b. in Hanover, May 20, 1717. In his diary is the following entry : — " May 25, 1762, then we left Hanover and came to Hingham that day shipped our goods on board the Gfrayhound, Courtney Babbidge, Commander, and we sailed that night about 10 o'clock. The 26 day we went on board. 30 we came to anchor and landed our cattle. 31 we landed our goods and took possession of our house in Harpswell the last day of May." This house was on the lot now (1877) owned by Rev. Elijah Kellogg. Ch. were : — William, b. 1737 ; Charles, b. 1739 ; Mercy, b. 1741 ; Elijah, b. 1744; Isaac, b. 1746; Hannah, b. 1748; Debnrah, b. 17S1 ; Marlboro, b. 1753, d. 1829; Huldah, b. 1755; Barstow, b. 1757; Stephen, b. 1759. The four ch. last named came to Harpswell with their parents. Some of the other ch. died young, and others, it is probable, settled somewhere in Mass. Another branch of this family is found in Durham. TARE. This family is probably descended from Richard Tarb, of whom tradition states that he was born in the West of England about 1660, and settled in Marblehead soon after 1680, where he m. He had a son named William, who m. in 1708, and had several ch. He also had a nephew named William. Some of this family are known to have moved to Maine. FAMILY mSTORIES. 857 A William Taer settled on Merriconeag Neck prior to 1763, and was prob- ably the ancestor of those now living in this vicinity. He was probably a son of William named above, but the connection has not been traced. The earliest record of the family in the Harpswell town records is the following : — Capt. William Tarr m. a dau. of Josiah Clark of Harpswell. Ch. were : — Richard, b. 1783 ; William, b. 1785 ; Catherine, b. 1787 ; Betsi-y, b. 1790 ; Mary, b. 1793 ; Clark, b. 1795. THOMPSON. According to the family tradition three brothers of this name, Benjamin, Thomas, and James, came to this country from Ireland. Benjamin and James settled in York. Thomas, in 1718, settled in Biddeford. James Thompson, son of the James above mentioned, was b. in Kittery, Feb. 22, 1707. He came to Brunswick from Biddeford about the year 1739, and settled at New Meadows. He m. 1st, Reliance Hiuldey, Apr. 13, 1732. She d. May 23, 1751. He m. 2d, Mrs. Lydia [Brown] Harris of Ipswich, Dec. 13, 1751. She d. Feb. 10, 1764. He m. 3d, Mary Higglns, Mch. 22, 176i. She d. May 23, 1790. He d. in Topsham, Sept. 22, 1791. Ch. by first wife : — Elizabeth, b. Mch. 13, 1733, m. Daniel Weed; Samuel (Blog.), b. Mch. 22, 1735, was brigadier-general in the Revolution; James, b. Feb. 7, 1737, d. in infancy ; Beliance, b. June 27, 1738, m. James Edgecomb ; Adrian, b. Mch. 29, 1740; Bachel, b. June 3, 1741, m. James Curtis; Buth, b. May 27, 1743, m. Daniel Curtis ; Aaron, b. May 29, 1745, sailed for Ireland at age of 23, and never heard from ; Isaiah, b. April 17, 1747 ; James, b. May 22, 1750. Ch. by second wife were : — Benjamin, b. Oct. 26, 1753 ; Jemima, b. Oct. 18, 1755, m. John Ham, son of Tobias Ham; Ezekiel, b. Sept. 16, 1757, m. Priscilla Purin- ton, of Harpswell ; Sarah, b. Sept. 16, 1760, m. Theophilus Hinkley ; Buth and Bachel, b. Dec. 29, 1763 : Rachel d. in infancy ; Ruth m. Robert, son of her father's brother, Cornelius Thompson. By reference to the list of early settlers in the Appendix, it will be seen that there were several others of the Thompson family who settled at New Mead- ows in the same year. They were probably either brothers or cousins. James and Cornelius were brothers. Alexander Thompson was b. at Arundel Aug. 27, 1757 ; m. Lydia Wildes, of Arundel, April 8, 1784. Moved to Topsham in 1785. He d. Feb. 23, 1820, shed. Aprils, 1864. Ch. were : — ./a«e, b. Nov. 7, 1785, m. Maj. Nathaniel Walker; Eunice, b. March 17, 1788, m. Gen. John Wilson; Lydia, b. April 17, 1790, m. Ellas Pierce; Hannah, b. June 1, 1792, m. Calvin Fairbanks; John, b. Aug. 11, 1794, m. Mary Mustard; Alpheus B., b. Jan. 24, 1797, m. at Santa Barbara, Francisca Carrillo; Mary, b. Apr. 9, 1799, single; Wildes T., b. March 20, 1801, m. Wealthy Robinson; Dixey W., b. May 2, 1803, m. Sarah E. Purinton; Francis A., b. June 27, 1807, m. at Bath. There are other branches of the family in Topsham and Brunswick of which no account has been furnished us. TOOTHAKER. Tradition says the Toothakers were originally .Whitakers, and that, upon coming to this country, they changed their name in order to avoid being im- f^--^^'-"!\^'< •-.Y* >^tL/.- '";-., ^,. 858 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. pressed into tlie Britisli service, they having fled from England, prbbably cm account of religious persecution. The earliest of the name in this vicinity of whom there is any record were Ebbnezer, Sktii, and Andrew, who settled in Harpswell about 1737 or 1740. No record of their children has been found. The following, ftom the Harps- well town records, are tlie earliest records of this family which we have seen: — Gideon Toothaker, m. Abigail . Ch. -^ete:— Andrew, b. April 10, 1776; Abigail, b. Nov. 22, 1779; William Bodick, b. Eeb. 19, 1782. Abram Toothaker, m. Mary . Ch. were : — -Alexander, b. Sept. 7, 1771 ; Abram, b. March 16, 1774; Elizabeth, b. July 14, 1777; Rebecca, b. June 3, 1783 ; Isaac, b. Aug. 22, 1785 (the foregoing b. in Harpswell) ; Bebecca, b. in Brunswick, May 2-<, 1789 ; Jenny, b. June 19, 1792. VEAZIE. This family is probably descended frotn William Vbazie, who was of Brain- tree in 1643. There was, however, a Georgis Vbazie in Dover in 1659. Kev. Samuel Vbazie came to Harpswell from Nantasket, near Boston, in 1767. He purchased a lot of land on Great Island, adjoining the old meeting-house, cleared it, and built a house upon it. He m. 1st, Deborah Sampson; and 2d, Sarah Jones. He had ch. by 1st wife: — John, who settled in Portland and was father of Gen. Samuel Veazie of Topsham ; Samuel, settled in Harpswell ; Bebecca, m. Jonathan Holbrook ; Deborah, m. Robert Jordan. By 2d wife, he had two ch., both of whom died young. WALKER. The first Anglo-American ancestor of this family has not been, and probably cannot be, determined with certainty. There is, however, little doubt that the family is of English origin. John Walker was admitted a fl-eeman of Mass., Apr. 4, 1634, and Augustine Walker in 1641 ; both settled in Charles- town. Capt. Eichaed Walker was one of the first settlers of Lynn in 1630; admitted as a freeman in 1634. John Walicer, thfi ancestor of the Walkers of Topsham, was b. in Newing- ton, N. H., in 1692. June 1, 1717, he bought what was known in 1845 as the "Walker Eield" in Kittery, where he afterwards resided. He m. Oct. 21, 1717, Mary, dau. of John Bickford, of Newington. He d. June 3, 1743. Gideon Walker, son of John, of Newington, was born in Kittery, Oct. 12, 1719. He was apprenticed to a tanner in Rowley, Mass. He m. 1st, Hannah Palmer of Rowley, Feb. 3, 1741 ; and 2d, Mrs. Hannah Lossell. In 1741 his father bought him a homestead in Arundel (Kennebnnkport), where he moved with his first wife in 1745. Gideon Walker, son of Gideon, of Arundel, was b. in Arundel, July 8, 1751. He m. Mary, dau. of Thomas Perkins, of that town, Nov. 2, 1777. She was b. Jan. 16, 1758, and d. Mch. 1, 1845. He moved to Topsham, Dec. 3, 1789, and d. there May 5, 1828. Ch. were : — Hannah, b. Jan. 2, 1780, m. 1st, James Stone, 1797, and 2d, Johnson Wilson; Nathaniel (Biog.), b. Sept. 25, 1781, and d. Aug. 17, 1851 ; Lucy, b. June 29, 1786, d. Dec. 19, 1802 ; Susanna, b. FAMILY HISTORIES. 859 Mch. 29, 1792, d. June 27, 1852, m. Samuel Veazie; two ch., who died in infancy. WEBBER. No account of this family has been found of an earlier date than 1738, when Waitt Webber settled on Merriconeag Neck. No record of his ch. has been found, but Josiah, David, and Daniel were probably his sons. JosiAH Webber had ch. : — Elizabeth, b. 1750 ; Sarah, b. 1751 ; Patience, b. 1753; Josiah, b. 1754; Abigail, b. 1757. David Webber had ch. : — Bichard, b. 1769 ; Charles, b. 1772 ; Susanna, b. 1775; Eleanor, b. 1777; Jeremiah, b. 1779; David, b. 1781; Phinehas, b. 1784; Mercy, b. 1786 ; Jane, b. 1790 ; Lucy, b. 1793. Daniel Webber had ch. : — Joseph, b. 1768; Hannah, b. 1766; Daniel, h. 1768; Deborah, b, 1770; William, b. 1772; Martha, h. 1774; Waitstill, b. 1779; Abigail, b. 1781; James, b. 1784; Robert, b. 1786; Patience, b. 1789; Betsey, b. 1792 ; Martha, b. 1796. WESTON. The ancestor of this family was Edmund Weston, who came in the Wil- liam and Ann, ftom London to Boston in 1635, and settled in Duxbury. Jacob Weston came from Duxbury, Mass., to Brunswick in 1783 or 1784, and bought the house at New Meadows which had been occupied by Dr. Duncan, and still earlier by Gideon Hinkley. Mr. Weston was a shipwright bv trade. He built a number of vessels and sailed in some of them himself. He was also a house-joiner, and there are specimens of his handiwork still remaining in the eastern section of the town. He m. (it is thought) Alice Southworth, 1784. No record of his ch. has been furnished us, and we are not positive that he m. as above stated. WHITE. Several persons of this name came from England at different times in the seventeenth century and settled in different places. William White, with his wife and five ch., came over in the Mayflower in 1620. Another White came from England and landed at Ipswich in 1635. The first of the name in this vicinity was Samuel WhitiI, who between 1717 and 1722 took up a lot in Topsham (the sixth above John Merrill's). He, however, forfeited his lot and it passed into other hands, and no record has been found of his having taken up another. Hugh White settled at Middle Bay, in Brunswick, in 1739. His wife's name was Jane. Ch. were -.--John, b. O.t. 14, 1738 ; Martha, b. Oct. 3, 1740; Jean, b. Dec. 23, 1742 ; David, b. April 25, 1745 ; Mary, b. Sept. 2, 1747 ; Hugh, b. Sept. 2, 1749. The first of the name in Topsham to whom reference has been found was Deacon Elijah White, who was b. July, 1761, and d. Oct. 16, 1854. Ch. were: — Polly, b. Sept. 7, 1788; Elijah, b. Dec. 31, 1791; Judah, h. Sept. 16, 1793; Jane, b. Oct. 28, 1795; William, b. Aug. 26, 1797; Sally, b. Oct. 27, 1799 i Joseph, b. Dec. 19, 1801; Doreth'i, b Dec. 12, 1803. George White, of Topsham, had his intention of marriage to Lucy Thorne, of Topsham, recorded Oct. 19, 1771. No record of their ch. has been found. 860 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARP SWELL. "WHITNEY. It is probable that most, if not all, of the families of this name, in New England at least, are descendants of John and Elinor Whitkhy, of Watertown, who came over from Ipswich, England, in the Elizabeth and Ann in 1635. Samuel "Whitney settled at New Meadows in 1739. His house stood opposite the Cornelius Thompson house, which is still standing a short dis- tance west from Harding's Station. He was a deacon of the old Congrega^ tional Church. His wife's name was Lydla. Ch. were : — Samuel, b. Sept. 15, 1732; Jonathan, b. Dec. 21, 1734; Lydia, b. Feb. 20, 1735; Susannah, b. July 25, 1738 ; Lettis, b. June 27, 1742. John "Whitney, probably brother of Samuel, also settled at New Meadows in 1739. His wife's name was Lettis. They had Benjamin, b. May 22, 1725, and perhaps other ch. "WRITTEN. The name of the Anglo-American ancestor of this family has not been ascer- tained. \ John "Whittbn, the first of the name to settle in this vicinity, was b. in Arundel in 1784, and m. Hannah "Walker of that place. He came to Topsham about 17ti4, and settled in the western part of the town, above John Merrill's. He d. in 1802. Ch. were : — Moses, who d. at "West Point during the Revolu- tion; John, b. Dec. 14, 1758; Hannah, b. April 20, 1761; Buth, b. March 12, 1763; Molly, b. Jan. 18, 17—; Joshua, b. Oct. 28, 1768; Samuel, b. Mch. 8, mi; Joseph, b. July 28, 1774; Sarah, b. Aug. 26, 1776;' Eleanor, b. Eeb. 22, 1779. WILSON. Among the early settlers of Topsham were Hugh, Samuel, EoBBitT, "Wil- liam, and Thomas "Wilson ; and an Alexander "Wilson settled at Harpswell. Hugh, Samuel, Robert, 'William, and Alexander were probably brothers. Thomas, according to family tradition, was of no relation to the others of the name. A James "Wilson is called ' the father of Hugh, and so was probably father of Sobert, Samuel, William, Alexander, and Jane, who m. "William Alexander of Topsham, afterwards of Harpswell. Hugh "Wilson, son of James, was b. about 1729. About 1763 he bought 100 acres of land at Cathance. He had his leg broken among the logs on the eastern branch of the Cathance. An amputation was made by a physician from Casco (Portland), but he did not long survive the operation. He m. Elizabeth Hewey, who survived him and m. Timothy "Weymouth. Ch. were : — Hugh ; James, who d. s. in 1786 ; William, who m. Sarah Chase ; Betsey, who m. Jessie Davis, of Lisbon; Martha, who m. Ebenezer Earrin. Samuel "Wilson m. 1st, Mary Reed ; and 2d, Elizabeth [Snow] Holbrook. He was licensed as an innholder at Topsham, by the Court of Sessions for Lin- coln County, in Oct. 1762, and for each successive year down to Sept. 1766, ' Lin. Eey, Deeds, Lib. 1, p. 262. FAMILY HISTORIES. 861 when his last license was granted. He removed to Lisbon prior to 1790, and lived and d. on the farm owned in 1835 by Charles Thompson. Ch. by first wife were : — Hannah, b. Oct. 27, 1762 ; James, b. July 2, 1764 ; Susannah, b. May 18, 1766 ; John, and WiUiam. No ch. by second wife. Wii^LiAJi Wilson settled in Topsham ; m. a Larrabee. Ch. were : — Wil- liam ; John ; Samuel ; Elizabeth ; Isabella ; Hannah. Alexander Wilson m. Catharine, dau. of Robert Swanzey. Settled on Merriconeag Neck (Harpswell). She d. 1764, aged 37. Ch. viete : — James, b. 1747, d. 1838; Mary, b. 1749; Elizabeth, b. 1751; David, b. 1754; Esther, b. 1756 ; Jennet, b. 1757 ; Alexander, b. 1759 ; Swanzey, b. 1761 ; Catherine, b. 1763. Thomas Wilson, of difierent parentage from the foregoing, came to this country from Ireland when a boy. He m. Ann Cochran of Londonderry, N. H. Settled in Topsham in 1752. Ch. were : — William, b. in Boston in 1741, m. Mary Patten of Arundel in 1769; James, b. 1744; Thomas, who went to sea and was never heard from, said to have been a Tory ; Lettice, m. a Martin, of Brunswick ; Margaret, who m. 1st, John Hunter, and 2d, Alexander Rogers ; Mary, who m. June 18, 1776, John Sandford; Elizabeth, who, in 1772, m. William Porterfleld. Mr. James Wilson, now residing in Topsham, and who was born in 1789, is a grandson of Thomas, Sr. WINCH ELL. This name is, without doubt, of early Saxon origin. It signifies " an an- gle," and was probably derived from some Saxon town situated on the angle of a river. The name has been spelled in various ways, at different periods and in different countries. The earliest mention of the name as a proper appellation which has been found is Feb. 13, 1293, when E»bekt Winchelset was elected Archbishop of Canterbury. Robert Winchell was probably b. in the South of England, but perhaps in Wales. He was at Dorchester, Mass., as early as 1634, and removed to Windsor, Conn., about 1635. Samuel Winchell, of the fourth generation from Robert, of Windsor, was b. at Windsor, Mch. 15, 1711 ; m. Sarah McNess of Harpswell, about 1738 ; d. Topsham, Feb. 4, 1783. He settled in Harpswell as early as 1738. His brother Ebenezer accompanied him, but subsequently returned and settled at Torrington, Conn. In 1740, Samuel removed to Topsham and settled near the Cathance Mills, of which he became one fourth owner. He was also owner of a large tract of land in the vicinity of the mills. He was a prominent man In the town, and must have been a man of considerable wealth. It is said •' he kept the first public house, —not a tavern, — but his house was deemed the first in town, and for it strangers used to inquire." Ch. were : — John, b. in Harpswell, May 2, 1740 ; Martha, b. in Topsham, May 14, 1742, was pub- lished to Benjamin Barrens of Harpswell, in May or June, 1768, who was afterwards killed in Bowdoin by a falling tree; Salome, b. July 8, 1744; Samuel, b. Oct. 25, 1746, and James, were both drowned (though as only one body was found it was supposed the other person had been captured by the Indians) ; Ebenezer, b. May 15, 1749 ; Ann, unmarried ; Sarah, b. in 1750, m. Arthur Hunter, Feb. 16, 1775 ; Silence, who m. James Purington, of Topsham, 862 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Nov. 23, 1786 ; Mary, who m. John Given, Aug. 8, 1771 ; Hannah, b. in Tops- ham in 1759, d. there July 29, 1823, s. WOODSIDE. Ebv. James Woodside, a clergyman of the Church of England, came to this country, with his son William, prior to 1719. He preached for a while to the church in Brunswick, but prior to 1726 he returned to England, leaving his son In Brunswick. William Woodside, son of Kev. James Woodside, m. Ann Vincent, of Brunswick. He d. 1764. Ch. were: — James, b. July 18, 1727; Vinaent, b. Sept. 25, 1729 ; Ayma, b. Aug. 19, 1731 ; William, b. Oct. 11, 1733 ; Mary, b. Jan. 20, 1735 ; Mary, b. March 5, 1738 ; Anthony, b. May 23, 1740 ; Jean, b. May 14, 1742 ; Sarah, b. Jan. 13, 1744. WOODWARD. Samuel Woodward settled in Brunswick, near Bunganock, in 1738. Noth- ing relative to his ancestry has been found. Peter Woodward settled at New Meadows about 1750, possibly earlier. His wife's name was Judith. Ch. were : — Samuel, b. Nov. 22, 1749 ; Peggy, b. April 7, 1751; Ebenezer, b. Feb. 28, 1755; Peter, b. Feb. 25, 1759; Joseph, b. Nov. 25, 1761. WYEE. This family is of Irish descent. The first of whom we have any account was William Wyer, of Boston, whose widow came to Harpswell in 1762, with her son J?o6ertand daughter Agnes. The latter married James Barstow. The mother married Joseph Orr. Robert Wyer was b. in Boston, Apr. 22, 1754. Ch. were : — Lettice, b. May 27, 1777 ; William, b. Nov. 14, 1779 ; David, b. April 18, 1783 ; James S. b. Aug. 27, 1785; Joseph, b. March 27, 1788; Margaret, b. Aug. 5, 1790; Mary, b. March 17, 1793; Jane E., b. Nov. 4, 1795; Lucretia, b. AprU 17, 1797. APPENDICES. ^I>PEN DICES A LARGE amount of interesting matter was collected for appendices, among which were ancient deeds, depositions, and other documents ; a list of vessels built in the three towns ; a very full and complete list of the flora of this vicinitj-, etc. ; which, much to our regret, we are obliged to omit. APPENDIX I. A LIST OF EARLY SETTLERS OR LAND-OWNERS IN BRUNSWICK.' Name. Year. Locality. Adams, John . . . " Nathan " Thomas . . Allen, Benoni . . Anderson, Martin . Andrews, Stephen Aubens, Philip . . Austin, Benoni . . Baker, . . Barrows, John . Bennett, Andrew Berry, Thomas . Beverage, . Beverly, Abraham " James . Bisbee, Oliver . Booker, John . . Bump, Josiah . . Bunker, Benjamin Barrill, William Bury, Joseph . . Casida, Charles . Chase, Judah . . Chesman, Samuel Chismore, Jacob Clark, Robert, . prior to 1737 , 1737 , 1752 . 1702 , 1789 . 1752 , 1752 , 1737 . 1760 . 1738 . 1739 , 17.52 . 1717 . 1717 . 1790 . 1737-. 1742- . 1740 . 1739 . 1739 . 1739 . 1752 . 1739 1739 . 1752 . New Meadows. do. West End. East End. Bungauock. East End. do'. New Meadows. Lot 55. " 31&32. Head of Merriconeag. New Meadows. Lot 25. New Meadows. • do. Head of Merriconeag. New Meadows, do. New Meadows. West End. New Meadows. West End. I Compiled from Pejepscot Records, old deeds, and otlier sources, the earliest known. 55 The date given i 866 HISTOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWELL. Name. Yeab. LOOALITT. Clark, Samuel . Clougli,' Samuel Cochran, John . Coombs, Anthony Caleb George John . Peter . Samuel Cornish, Cipron . " Simon . Cotton, Thomas Cowell, Thomas Curtis, . . Dodge, Phineas . Doughty, David. Drisco, Joseph . " Moses . Drummond, Patrick Dunlap, Rev. Robert Dunning, Andrew " David. " James. " Robert " William " John . Eaton, Daniel . . " Jacob . . " Samuel . . Elliot, James . . Tarrin, John . . Pinney, Robert . Flemin,'' Thomas Fuller,'-' Joshua . Gardner, Isaac . " Richard Gatohell, John . " John, Jr " Samuel " William Graffam, Jacob Gray, Joseph . " Thomas Gross, . . Gyles, John . Giveen, David " John . " Robert Goddard, Robert Gowen, Lemuel . bet. 1739 . bet. 1717 & 1722 . bet. 1717 & 1722 . . 1739 , 1752-7 , . 1739 . 1752-7 , . 1730 . 1752-7 . . 1730 . . 1739 , 1752-7 . 1717-1722 . . 1760 . . 1739 . . 1752 . . 1739 . . 1739 . 1738 . . 1747 . . 1717 . . 1730 . . 1739 . . 1722 . . 1739 . . 1757 . bet bet. bet, . 1752 . . 1737 . 17 & 1722' . 1752 . . 1755 . . 1739 . . 1717 . . 1717 . . 1745 . .1717 & 1722 . . . 1730 . . . 1739 . . . 1739 . . . 1757 . . 1735 . . . 1752 . . . 1739 . . . 1760 . 17 & 1722 . . . 1719 . . . 1757 . . . 1757 - . ■ 1771 , . . 1740 . Middle Bay. New Meadows, do. do. do. do. do. do. East End. New Meadows. East End. New Meadows, do. Maquoit Road, do. West End. Lots 26 & 27. West End. New Meadows. Village. West End. Lot 15. Lot 47. " 3. New Meadows. do. do. East End. Lots 5 & 8. Middle Bay. do. do. Near Freeport Line. ' Forfeited his title. ' Lots forfeited. APPENDIX I. 867 Name. Tear. Locality. Hacker, . . . . 1773 . . . Haines, Peter bet. 1717 &1722 . . . Lot 40. Ham, Tobias . . . 1739 . . . . New Meadows. Hamilton, Patrick . . . . 1717 . . . Lot 28. " Robert . . . . 1717 . . . . " 18. " Robert, Jr . . . 1717 . . . . " 27. Handsard, William . . ; . 1717 . . . . " 2. Harding, . . . . 1760 . . . Harwood, Benjamin . . . 1752-7 - . . . East End. " Edward . . . 1752-7 . . . . do. Hewey, James . . . . 1739 . . . Middle Bay. Hinckley, Aaron . . . . 1739 . . . New Meadows. " Ebenezer . . . . 1757 . . do. Edmund . . . . 1739 . . do. " Edward . . . . 1739 . . do. " Gideon . . . . 1739 . . do. " Samuel (Deacon) . . . . . 1739 . . do. " Samuel, Jr .... 1739 . . do. '■ Seth .... 1739 . do. " Shubael . . . . 1739 . . do. Hinney, Joseph .... 1739 . . . . do. How, Israel .... 1732 . . . . Lot 9. Hunt, John . . . 1752-7 . . . . West End. Jenkins, David .... 1752 . . . . New Meadows. Jenkins, Philip .... 1739 . . . . do. Jones, Lemuel . about 1773 . . West End. Jordan, James .... 1739 . . . . New Meadows. Jordan, John .... 1739 . . . . do. Larrabee, Benjamin . about 1727 - , . . Fort George. " Nathaniel .... .... 1752 . . . . East End. Lemont, .... 1738 . . . . New Meadows. Low, .... 1722 . . Lumber, Sam'l .... 1752 . . . . East End. Malcom, John .... 1728 . . . .Village. " William .... 1737 . . Mariner, John .... 1766 . , Martin, John .... 1749 . . . . West End. " Thomas .... 1749 . . . . do. Mason,' Samuel .... 1717 . . . . Lot 10. McEarland, James .... 1717 . . . . Village. McGregor, Thomas .... 1749 . . McKenny, Isaac .... 1728 . . . . New Meadows. McManus, James . about 1764 . . . . West End. Melcher, Joseph . " 1760 . . . . do. " Samuel .... 1767 . . . . New Meadows. Miles, Henry .... 1717 . . . . Lot 7. Minot, George .... 1742 . . . . Mair Point. " Capt. John .... 1730 . . . . do. " Thomas . . . . 1757 . . Mitchell, Israel . . . . 1728 . . . . New Meadows. Merely, Rebecca . . . . 1751 . . do. Non-resident, Morse, Anthony . about 1775 . . . . West End. " Joseph '•' 1775 . . . . do. 1 Lot forfeited. 868 BISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARFSWELL. Name. Year. Locality. Nevers, Phineas 1752 . Norton, Rowland 1717 . Norton, Caleb 1717 . Noyes, Cutting about 1780 . Orr, Jolin 1742 . Parker, Benjamin 1739 . Pennell, Thomas 1760 . Peterson, John 1783 . Preble, Collins 1752 . Ring, Batcheldor 1771 . Ross, William, Jr 1772 . Savage' (the widow & son) 1717 . " Nichohis 1717 . Sayward, Jonathan 1740 . Skolfield, Clement & Richard .... 1757 . " Thomas 1739 . Smart, John & Thomas 1752 . Smith, James 1717 . Smith, Joseph 1739 . Snow, Elisha 1757 . " Isaac . . • 1739 . " Isaac, Jr 1757 . Spear, Robert 1738 . " William 1735 . Stanwood, Ebenezer 1717 - " William 1752 • Starbird, John 1752 . Stevenson,' James 1717 ^ John 1717 . » Robert 1717 - Stinson, James 1721 . " John" 1721 . " Robert " 1721 . Stone, Benjamin 1760 . Stratton, Samuel — . Swett, John 1788 . Swift, Lemuel 1790 . Thompson, Alexander 1739 . " Benjamin 1739 . " Cornelius 1739 . " James 1739 . " Joseph 1739 . " Peter 1717 . " Samuel 1752 . Thornton,' James 1717 . Tibbets, Samuel 1757 , Tibbetts, Timothy 1739 , Tregoweth, Thomas 1717 . Trescott, . 1722 . Tyler, Alexander 1740 . East End. , Lot 4. Lot 4. . Village. West End. East End. do. New Meadows. East End. Near Durham line. West End. Lots 12 & 13. " 30 & 16. Lot 13. West End. Lots 31 & 32, 16 & 17. Lot 55. New Meadows. Lots 16, 17, 20, 21 & 22. " 14, 15, 18 & 23. West End. Lot 19. " 50. " 1. " 43. " 42. " 1. Village. Lot 2. Village. New Meadows. do. do. do. do. Lot 6. New Meadows. Lot 46. New Meadows. Lot 9. ' Forfeited. 2 Title forfeited. 8 He resigned it. APPENDIX I. 869 Name. Tear. Locality. Vincent, William 1752 .... "West End. "Washburn, Thomas 1739 .... New Meadows. Waterhouse, S • 1757 . . . "Watts,' John 1717 . . . . Lot 1. "Wensley,' George 1717 ... do. "Weston, Jacob 178-1 .... New Meadows. "White, Hugh 1739 .... Middle Bay. " Samuel , 1717 . . . New Meadows. "\yhitney, John 1739 .... do. Samuel 1739 .... do. "Woodart, Peter 1752 .... East End. "Woodman, P 1739 .... "Woodside, Rev. James 1717 .... Maquoit. " William 1717 .... do. " Vincent 1717 .... do. Woodward, Samuel 1734 . . . Bunganoc. A LIST OP EARLY SETTLERS OR LAND-OWNERS IN TOPSHAM. Addison, James before 1731 . Allen, Samuel 1752 . Alexander, J 1738 . " Robert before 1768 . WilUam 1731 . Ball (or Barr), Thomas 1731. Baxter, Reverend Joseph 1717 . Bennett, Thomas 1731 . Beveridge, James 1758 . Beveridge, Samuel 1752 . Beverly, James 1717 . Bradley, John 1731 . Campbell, Alexander 1741 . Carr,3 Daniel 1717 . Clapp, Stephen 1768 . Clark, Samuel 1737 . Corney (Captain) 1731 . Grain, Richard 1731 . Danforth, Enoch ^ • Dennison, Joseph 1768 . Doar, James 1731 . Dockley, Samuel 1731 . Douglass, James 1752 . Drinkwater, George 1731 . Drinkwater,'' Warren 1731 . Drummond, Alexander 1738 . Dunlap, John about 1738 . Dunlap, Robert 1731 . Eaton" (Lieutenant) 1717 Daniel 1752 . Jacob . . . , 1737 . Lot 67. Cathance. Lots 28, 29 & 81. " 14, 15 & 16. " 41 & 48. " 7. " 3. " 40. Lot 37. Lots 12 & 13. N. W. part of town. Lots 13, 14, 15 & 16. " 45. " 32, 33, & 69. Lot 62. " 72. " 77. " 32. " ,52 & 53. " 52. " 4. Cathance. Lot 60. " 61. Lot 2. Lots 18, 23 & 24. 'Forfeited. ^Ibid. « Occupied less than three years. * Forfeited. ^Ibid. 870 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARFSWELL. Name. Year. Locality. Elder, Robert 1731 , Ellis, Eev. Jonathan 1789 . Evans, Alexander 1752 . " Johni 1717 . " Joseph 1752 . Eulton, Gowen 1749 . " James 1751 . " John 1752 . Gatchell, Stephen 1758 . Gates' (Captain) 1717 . Gower, Robert 1766 . Graves, John 1769 . " Johnson about 1764 . " Joseph about 1770 . " Samuel about 1770 . Gyles (Doctor) 1746 . " John 1717 . Haley, Joseph 1768 . " Pelatiah 1761 . Hamilton, John 1731 . Harper, James' 1717 . " Joseph' 1717 . " Moses 1717 . " William' 1717 . Heath,! Joseph 1717 . Henry, James ' 1763 . Holman, John — . Hunter, Adam 1717 . " Andrew 1731 . " Isaac 1717 . " James' 1717 . " John' 1717 . Ingram, Henry 1731 . Jack, Andrew about 1738 . " Joseph 1758 . Jackson, Erancis 1731 Johnson, John 1731 . Johnson Robert 1731 . Jones,' Phineas 1731 . Jones, Stephen 1731 . Jouxson, Thomas 1731 . Kennedy, Andrew 1731 . King, Edward 1731 . Knowles, Richard 1755 . La Berry, David 1731 . Lamoss, • (the widow) 1758 . Larrabee (Capt. B.) 1731 . Lemont, Robert 1731 . Lithgood (or Lithgow) , Robert . . .1717. ' Forfeited. Lot 75. East End. Lot 28. Cathance. Lot 74. Cathance. Lot 9. " 60. Lot 1. do. Near Merrill's. Lot 67. " 8. " 84. " 32. " 25. " 31. " 17. East part of town. N. W. "part of town. Lots 30, 31, 34 & 35. " 34 & 35. " 37. " 35 & 36. " 38. Lot 59. 1( 54 & 56. (( 51. (C 13. (( 2&37. li 58. " 74. Lots 16 & 43. (( 62. it 8 &9. Lots 39 & 55 Lot 11. (( 44. it 20. APPENDIX I. 871 Name. Year. IvOCALlTY. MacFarland, Ja,mes 1717 to 1722 . Mackcalling, 1731 . Malcom, John 1717 to 1722 . Malcom, William about 1738 . Mallett, Jolin " 1738 . Melns, Thomas 1749 . Merrill, John 1758 . Merryman, Thomas before 1768 . Merryman, Walter — . Miller, James, 1717 to 1722 . Minnery, Dr. Hugh 1717 to 1722 . Minot, Steplien 1709 . Moffltt, Archibald about 1738 . Moffltt, John — . Morton, James — . Mustard, James about 1763 . John — . William 1741 . Orr,- Eobert 1758 , Patten, Actor 1760 . " John 1749 . " William 1749 , Pattison, John 1731 Pattison, Thomas 1731 . Potter, Alexander 1752 . " James about 1738 . " James, Jr 1758 " Joseph 1768 , " Katheran 1752 Prince, Benjamin 1731 , Randall, Ezra 1761 . Reed, David 1758 , " John 1758 - " William 1731 , " William, Jr 1752 , ■Robinson, Charles 1731 . Moses 1731 Rogers, John about 1768 , Ross, John 1731 , " James, alias Thomas . 1717 to 1722 , Spear, Robert 1731 , " William 1731 , Sprague, Francis 1791 , Springer, David 1758 " Thomas 1758 . Stanwood, Samuel 1746 . Staples, Samuel 1768 . " Stephen 1758 . Stinson, William 1717 to 1722 Stoddiford, Ephraim 1731 Stuart, Charles 1717 , Taller (William?) 1717 Tarp, John 1735 Lot 29, 30, 46, 47 & 71. " 6. " 22 & 39. " 19, 20 & 21. Cathance. Lots 64 & 68 & Island. Lots 44 & 45. " 9 & 24. " 2 A. Lots 48, 49. 50. " " 26 (Ministerial lot). Cathance. Lot 36. " 37. Cathance. Near Little River. Cathance. Lot 40. Cathance. Lot 41. " 38 & Isl'd in Narrows. West of Cathance R. Lot 59. Lot 18. East End. Lots 5 & 6. " 2, 3, 4, & 50. East End. Lots 12 & 47. " 12. Bast End. Lot 70. " 18 & 19. Lots 15 & 17. " 49. East End. Lots 24 & 23. " 65. above Cathance Mills. Lot 30. " 38. " 5 &6. Lots 3 & 4. On Merrymeeting Bay. 872 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Name. Year. Locality. Thomas, Benjamin 1755 . " James 1755 . Thorns, William 1752 . William, Jr 1752 . Thompson, Benjamin about 1738 . " Samuel 1773 . Thorn, Thomas 1717 . " William 1731 . Vincent,^ John 1717 . " William 1731 . Walker, Gideon 1789 . Wall, Patrick 1735 . Ward, William 1731 . Washburne, Thomas 1731 . Watson, William 1731 . Watts, Samuel 1731 . White, Samuel 1717 . Whitten, John 1764 . Wilson, Alexander — . " George'^ ... • 1717 . " Hugh 1763 , Robert 1758 . Samuel 1763 , " Thomas 1752 . " . William 1758 . Winchell, Samuel . 1740 , Woodburn, George 1717 . Woodside (Captain) 1731 . Work, James about 1738 . Wormegum, John — . York, Samuel 1717 , Young, John 1717 Lots 28, 29,42 to 45, 62, 63. Lot 6. " 10. " 7. " 48, 49, 52, 53. " 17, 18, 23, 24, 53, 72. ". 22, 23, 63. Lot 11. "10, 11, 73. Village. On Merrymeeting Bay. Lot 10. "■60. " 46. " 61. " 2 A. "66. " 56. " 10 or 11. Cathance. Lots 54, 55, 70, 71. " 56. " 7 A. " 21. " 33 & 34. " 27. " 51. Lot26. A LIST OF EARLY SETTLERS OR LAND-OWNERS IN HARPSWELL- Adams, Nathan prior to 1755 . Allen, Elisha 1740 . Babbidge, James about 1750 . Bailey, Deacon Timothy .... about 1742 . Barnes, Nathaniel 1735 . Barstow, James prior to 1777 . Samuel 1738 . Booker, James 1748 . Boone, Samuel 1720 . Brewer, James 1738 . Byles,' Rev. Mathew 1760 . Cady, William 1733 . Carman, Francis 1738 . " Thomas 1738 . Carter, John - prior to 1755 . . Merrieoneag Neck. . Lot 46. Bailey's Island. , Merrieoneag Neck. Sebascodigan Island. . Merrieoneag Neck. , Harpswell Centre. . Merrieoneag Neck. do. , Orr's Island. . Sebascodigan Island. . Merrieoneag Neck. do. .;Sebascodigan Island. ' Occupied less than three years. 2 Forfeited. ^ Prpbfxbly not a resident. APPENDIX I. 873 Name. Tear. Locality. Cole, Nicholas 1720 . Condy, William 1733 . Conner, Gideon 1731 . Cook, Elisha prior to 1748 . Cook, Middlecott 1748 , Coombs, Jolin prior to 1740 , Cromwell,' Joshua 1737 , Curtis, David about 1744 . Denslow, Benjamin 1740 , Douglass, Elijah 17.50 . Dunning, Andrew 1757 . Dyer, 1752 . Eaton, Rev. Elisha 1754 , Parr, Thomas before 1775 , Fayrweather, John 1743 , Fitzgerald," before 1748 . Gatchell, Moses 1731 . Gibson,^ William 1740 . Haines, Samuel 1738 , Hals, Richard 1738 . Hall, Isaac 1738 . " Isaac, Jr 1738 . " John 1738 , " Nathaniel 1738 . Harmon, Colonel Johnson 1727 . " Joseph 1741 . Hasey, William prior to 1755 . Hinkiey, A 1747 . " Samuel 1747 Holbrook, Jonathan prior to 1770 . Jaques, Richard 1727 , Kenney, Elisha 1738 , Leavitt, Daniel prior to 1755 . Lewis, Job 1743 , Lindsay, John 1740 , Linscott, Joseph prior tol755 . McGregor, Thomas • • • 1738 , McNess, William 1738 , Madbury, Theophilus .... prior to 1747 - Magray, William 1740 . Mathews John 1740 . Melone, Edward 1738 . Merriman, Walter .... = prior to 1776 . Moulton, Job 1728 . Merriconeag Neck. Sebascodigan Island. , Merriconeag Neck. , Orr's Island. do. , Great Island. do. , Merriconeag Neck. . Merriconeag Neck. , New Damariscove Island. , Merriconeag Neck, do. . Merriconeag Neck. Orr's Island. Orr's Island. Merriconeag Neck. On William Orr's lot. Merriconeag Neck. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Sebascodigan Island. do. do. Merriconeag Neck. do. Sebascodigan Island. Orr's Island. Merriconeag Neck. Sebascodigan Island. Merriconeag Neck, do. On Norton Stover place. Merriconeag Neck. do. do. Sebascodigan Island. 1 Vacated in 1742. 8 Uied alone in a camp in the field. 2 Traditional. Pejepscot Papers. 874 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Name. Year. Negro, A , . 1752 , Orr,' Clement 1742 , " Clement, Jr.* 1742 , " John^ 1742 , " Joseph* 1742 . Plnkham 1752 . Purinton, David bet. 1720 & 1755 . " Nathaniel 1760 . Quingham, Edward 1740 . Rankin, James prior to 1747 . Raymond, Paul " " 1770 . Rich, Isaac 1797 . Ridley, James about 1757 - Ross, John , . . prior to 1747 . " John, Jr 1740 . Searl, John 1738 . Sinnett, Michael before 1775 . Small, Taylor, • " 1755 . Smith, James 1735 . Snow, Elisha 1766 . " Isaac before 1747 - " John " 1771 . Starbird, Richard " 1755 . Stover, John 1727 . Sylvester, William 1762 . Tailer, William 1748 . Tarr, William , prior to 1753 . Thomas, William W 1738 . Thompson, Joseph 1747 - Tibbetts, Timothy before 1755 . Toothaker, Andrew 1737 . " Ebenezer 1740 . Seth 1740 . Veazie, Rev. Samuel 1767 . Warren, 1752 . Watts, 1752 . Webber, Wait 1738 . Weeks prior to 1747 - Whelan ■ 1752 . Willson, Alexander 1747 . Winchell, Samuel 1740 . Wyer, Mrs. William 1762 . Young, Abijah _ prior to 1755 . , Lot 36. Merriconeag Neck, do. do. do. Lots 37, 38, 40. Sebascodigan Island, do. Merriconeag Neck. Sebascodigan Island. do. do. do. do. Merriconeag Neck. Merriconeag Neck. Orr's Island. Sebascodigan Island. Merriconeag Neck. Several small islands. Sebascodigan Island. Long Island. Merriconeag Neck. do. do. Orr's Island. Merriconeag Neck. do. Sebascodigan Island. it ({ Merriconeag Neck. do. do. Sebascodigan Island. Lot 47. " 48. Merriconeag Neck. Sebascodigan Island. Lot 83. " 32. Merriconeag Neck. Orr's Island. , Merriconeag Neck. 1 Removed to Orr's Island about 1748. s Removed to Bninswich about 1742. * Removed to Orr's Island about 1748. APPENDIX II. 875 APPENDIX II. A LIST OF THE SOLDIERS FROM BRUNSWIOK AND TOPSHAM IN THE SEVERAL INDIAN WARS.' 1733 and 1784. John Giles's Company. Name. Ti.«e of Service. Beverlin, James 1723 — 3 weeks, 2 days Br&dbury, Wyman 1723 — 11 " 2 " Cochran, James 1723-4 — 37 " " John 1723-4 — 69 " 1 " William' 1723-4 — 37 " Cowell, Thomas, gunner . . . 1723-4 — 69 " 1 " Dunning, Andrew 1723-4 — 37 " " Audrew, Jr.* .... 1723-4 — 69 " 1 " " David^ 1723-4—25 " 5 " " Robert" 1723-4 — 22 " 1 " Eaton, Samuel, Serg't 1723-4— 69 " 1 " " Thomas 1724 — 47 " — Gardiner, Isaac, Lieut. . . . 1723 — ^20 " Giles, John, Capt 1723-4 — 69 " 1 " Harper, James, clerk .... 1723-4 — 31 " 2 " " John" 1723-4 — 69 " 1 " " Moses 1723-4 — 64 " 4 " William 1723 — 22 " 1 " Lithgow,2 Robert 1723-4 — 65 " 6 " McBride, James 1724 — 40 " 3 " McCluer," David 1723-4 — 69 " 1 " Malcom, John 1723-4 — 56 " 6 " Mitchell, Henry 1723-4 — 37 " — " Hugh ...... .1723-4 — 69 " 1 " Norton,' Rowland, drummer . 1723-4 — 69 " 1 " Stan wood, Ebenezer .... 1723 — 4 " 4 " Stevenson, .Tames 1723-4 — 37 " — " James, Jr." . . . 1723-4 — 69 " 1 " " William 1723-4 — 69 " 1 " " William, Jr.3 . . .1723-4—69 " 1 " Tregoweth, Thomas ? o„„„,^ i-.,, _ oo u i ■; (written Frigoath), ^ ^erg t 1723 —22 l Wells, Luke 1724 ^12 " 2 " Remark-'. Son of John. (Ireland.) (( (Boston.) (Ireland.) (( (Ireland.) drew's son. An- (Salisbury.) Prom, tolieut. in 1724. (Salisbury.) (Salisbury.) ^[Ireland.) (C Prom, to clerk. (Ireland.) Capt.'s servant. (Ireland.) (Salisbury.) (Ireland.) The name is Stin- son in one roll. The last was J son of James. (Amesbury.) ' From Rolls in Massachusetts archives and other sources. '^Detailed/or duty under Col. WesthrooK s order, j 876 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. William Woodside's Company. ICame. Length of Sekvice. Beiinet, Andrew 33 weeks, 4 days " Peter 52 " 3 " Brown, John 48 " 4 " (Had care of a Province gun.) Burnett, John 52 " .s " Denny, Owen 52 " 3 " Dunning, James 3 " 6 " Eaton, Samuel, Lieut 29 " 8 " Eaton, Samuel (Sentinel) 22 " 2 " Fitzgerald, Maurice 27 " Frazier, Thoma.s 52 " 3 " (Crimes, Thomas 52 " 3 " Haynes, Daniel 32 " 5 " (Had care of a Trovince gun.) Lindsey, John 52 " 3 " Llthgow, Robert 1 . . 52 " 3 " McCoshlin, James 19 " 5 " McFarlan, Samuel 23 " 2 " Noble, Arthur, Lieut 22 " 2 " Simpson, James 31 " 6 " Spear, Robert 18 " 6 " Stevenson, William 52 " 3 " Wells, Luke 52 " 3 " Woodside, WiUiam, Capt 52 " 3 " 1 1730. Benjamin Lakrabeb's Company. Barick, Robert 19 weeks, 2 days Bradbury, Wymau, Lieut 19 " 2 " Cassiday, Charles 19 " 2 " Eaton, Jacob 19 " 2 " " Samuel 19 " 2 " Frazier, Thomas 19 " 2 " Lane, Thomas 19 " 2 " Larrabee, Benjamin, Capt 19 " 2 " William 19 " 2 " Lithgo, Robert, gunner 19 " 2 " McGregor, Thomas 19 " 2 " Pompey (Capt.'snegroservant) .... 19 " 2 " Robinson, Nahum 19 " 2 " Sergeant, David, Corp 19 " 2 " Washburn, Thomas 19 " 2 " Wells, Luke 19 " 2 " 17351748. Bexjamin Larrabee's Company. Tear. Allen, Daniel 1740-2 ■ Austin, John 1748 Barrick, Robert 1735-7 ■ Bradbury, Wyman, Lieut. . 1735-7 Bridges, Daniel 1739-42 - 30s. 50s. 30s. U cc 38 to 45s. 30s. 50s. 30s. 45s. 30s. per m. £4 Total Pat.] £12 17s. 2d. £19 5s. Scl. £12 17s. M. Pay 23 weeks, 5 days . .40s. perm 11 " — . 31s. 3(7. K 79 " 5 " . . 40s. (( 85 " 1 " . . 53s. 4d. (( 107 " 5 " . .40s. (C APPENDIX 11. 877 ITame. Tear. Length of Bervici!. Pat. Briggs, Josiah 1748 - Boyd, James 1748 - Cassiday, Charles 1735-7 - Coney, Philip 1748 Eaton, Jacoh 1735-40 - Eaton,' Samuel 1735-42 - Erazier, Thomas 1735 7 - Haynes, Samuel 1742 Hayward, George 1748 Herring, John 1748 Hinclcley, Aaron, Lieut. . . 1748 Holmes, Nathaniel .... 1748 Jack, Joseph 1748 Jelson, Benjamin 1742 Jordan, Joseph 1748 .Joseph (Indian Scout) . . . 1739-40 - Iiane, Thomas 1735-42 - Larrabee, Benj., Capt. . . . 1735-48 - " Benj., drummer . 1748 Nathaniel .... 1736-48 - " "William 1735-37 - Lithgow, Robert 1735-37 - McGregor, Thomas .... 1735 Martain, John 1742 Moffitt, Samuel 1748 Patten, William 1735 Potter, Alexander . . . . • 1735 Pompey (negro servant) . . 1735-48 - Robinson, Nahum 1735-37 - Rutliss, Kobert 1740-2 - Sergeant, David, Corp. . . 1735-48 - Smith, John . t 1735 Smith, Eben 1739-42 - Stoddard, Thomas 1748 Washburne, Thomas . . . 1735-37 - Wedge, Joshua 1737 Wells, Luke 1735-42 ■ Willson, Robert 1748 " William 1748 Wooden, James 1748 11 weeks . 31s. M. 26 " 11 47 " 4 .40s. 11 (1 — . 31s. 3d. 157 (( 2 .40s. 239 u 3 (( 85 " 1 , *' 27 (( 2 (( 37 (( — . 31s. 3d. 36 (( 1 " 37 (( — . 47s. ed. 37 (( — . 31s. 3d. 37 tt — . " 21 (( 2 .40s. 11 11 — . 31s. 3d. 62 " 1 . Vis. id. 241 " 4 . 40s. 329 " 5 . £4 11 " — . 31s. 184 ft 5 . 31 to 40s. 75 tl 1 . 40s. 85 (( 1 . " 33 11 — (( 25 (( ' 6 (( 37 (( — . 31s 3d. 24 " . 40s. 7 (( 1 (( 290 (( 3 (( 85 (1 1 (( 10 " 1 '( 297 (C 4 (( 10 (t — (( 73 " 3 . *' 37 " — . 31s. Sd. 85 " 1 , 40s. 18 (( 4 . 13s. 4:d. ■293 (C 6 . 40s. - 37 (( — . 31s. Sd. - 11 ({ __ (( - 37 (( — (( per ra. 1746. William Bukns's Company. Andrews, Isaac 16 weeks, 5 days Black, Enos 16 " 5 Burns, William, Capt 16 " 5 Chase, Judah 16 " 5 Clough, Isaac 16 " 5 Dunning, David, Lieut 16 " 5 " Robert, Corp 16 " 5 Genneys, William 16 " 5 Hunter, Adam, clerk 16 " 5 Jackman, John 16 " 5 Lumbar, Parker 16 " 5 Lumbard, Samuel 16 " 5 . 31s. 3d. per mo. . 31s. 3d. . 62s. 6d. " . 31s. 3d. . 31s. 3d. . 47s. M. " . 40s. Wd. " . 31s. 3a. " . 41s. 3d. " . 31s. 3d. " . 31s. 3d. " . 31s 3d. " imedinni2. 878 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Name. LE^GTH OF Service. McNeal, Richard ,16 weeks, Malcom, William 16 Mustard, James 16 Pagenot, Samuel 16 Perry, Richard 10 Preble, Joseph 16 Reed, John, Corp 16 Spear, William 16 Warrack, Benjamin, Corp 16 Weed, Jonathan .^ . 16 Wickwash, Sylvanus 16 Winston, James 16 Wood, John 6 5 days . 31s. 3d. per 5 " . 31s. M. ' 5 " .81s. 3d. ' 5 " . . 31s. 3d. • 6 " . 31s. Sd. 5 " . 31s. 3d. ' 5 " . 40s. Wd. 5 " . 31s. 3cl. ' 5 " .40s. lOd. ' 5 " . 31s. 3d. ' 5 " . 31s. 3d. ' 5 " . .31s. 3d. ' 6 " . 31s. 3d. ' iTse-i'JS'?. Samuel Moody's Company. Harwood, George 48 weeks, — days Moody, Joshua 48 " Samuel, Capt 18 " 2 " Samuel, Sergt 47 " 6 " Samuel, Jr 48 " William, Capt.'s servant .... 48 24s. 24s. £4 £1 10s. 24s. per m. Dunlap, Jonathan. " Robert. Jaquith, Richard. Jordan, 1735-1:^49. Other Soldiers. Lindsey, Samuel. Morburn, Capt. Stanwood, David. Stanwood, Samuel. " , William. Vincent (Ensign), Wm. Captain John Getchell's Company. 2 Adams, Thomas. Andrews, Stephen. Carney, Michael. Chase, Judah. Clark, Samuel, Jr. Coombs, Caleb. " George. " Samuel. Dunlap, John. Dunning, Andrew. " James. " John. " Robert. E'.liot, Adam. " James. Getchell, John, Jr. " William. Giveen, Robert. 1767. Giveen, William. Gray, Thomas. Haoket, John. Ham, Tobias. Hicks, Barnabas. Hiukley, Ebenezer. " Edmund. Howard, Edward. Jenkins, David. Jordan, John (Ensign). Larrabee, Benjamin. Maher, Michael. Martin, John. " John, Jr. Minot, Thomas. Moorey, Ezekiel. Simpson, William, Jr. Skolfleld, Clement. " Richard. Smart, John. " Thomas. Smith, Joseph. Snow, Elisha. " Isaac. " Isaac, Jr. Spear, Robert. Standwood, Ebn'r (Lieut.) Thompson, Alexander. " Coi-nelius. " James. " Samuel. Tibbetts, Samuel. Whitney, Jonathan. Woodard, Peter. ' From traditionary sources. 2 From Rolls in Massachusetts archives. APPENDIX II. 879 Captain David Dunning's "Alarm" List. Clark, Samuel. Coombs, Peter, Jr. Giveen, Johu (_Ensign). Gray, Joseph.' Hinkley, Aaron. Larrabee, Nathaniel (Ensign). Lumber, Samuel. Minot, John (Ensign). Nevers, Dr. Phineas. Skolfleld, Thomas. Spear, William. Stand wood, William. Thompson, Capt. James. Vincent, William. Whitney, Deacon Samuel. Woodside, Vincent. " William. " William, Jr. Captain Adam Hunter's CcJmpany and "Alarm" List. Alexander, William. Allen, Samuel. Beveredge, James. Douglass, Andrew. " James. " Robert. Dunlap, John. Ewings, Alexander. " Joseph. Fulton, James. " John. " liobert. Hunter, James. Jack, Joseph. Knowles, Richard. McFarland, James. Malcom, William. Mallet, John. Moffett, Archibald. Mustard, James. Patten, Lieut. John Patten, William (Clerk). 1757. Potter, Alexander. ' ' James. " James, Jr. " John. " William. Reedi David. " William, Jr. Robinson, Charles. " William. Springer, David. Thome, Thomas. Tibbetts, Andrew. AVarringham, Thomas. Wilson, Hugh. " Robert. Samuel. " William. Winchell, John, " Samuel Work, Ebenezer. " James. 'Alarm" List. Dunlap, Robert. Laton, Jacob. Pulton, Gowen. GatcheU, Stephen. Reed, William. Willson, Thomas. 880 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSHAM, AND HAEFSWELL. APPENDIX III. LIST OP EEVOLTJTIONARY SOLDIEKS AEEANGED ALPHABETI- CALLY BY COMPANIES.! I. BRUNSWICK MEN. Captain Jambs Cuktis's CoMPAisrY. Bate OP Time of Service. Enlistment. Names. Rank. Months. Days. 1775. July 17. Austin, Benonl .... private . . . 3 June 10. Brown, Daniel .... " ... 2 i July 17. Coombs, Benjamin . . " 3 May 17. Fields .... " ... 8 (( 17. Hezekiah ... " 3 July 17. " Nathan . . . corporal . . . 3 May 15. Curtis, James captain . . 3 2 July 17. Duncan, John private . . 3 (( 17. Dunning, James ... " 3 May 17. John .... " 3 11 17. Ham, Tobias " 3 a 17. Hinkley, Isaac .... " 3 July 30. Hunt, John corporal . . 2 15 a 25. Jones, John private . . 2 19 May 17. Rideout, Benjamin . . " 3 .July 17. Ripley, Samuel .... " 3 June 1. Spear, William .... " 2 14 July 17. Stanwood, William . . corporal . . . . 3 il 17. Thompson, Richard . private . . 3 t( 17. Walker, John . . . . drummer . . . . 3 (; 17. Woodward, Ebenezer . private . . . . 3 June 1. Samuel . . " . . 2 U (( 1. Young, Jonathan ... " . . 2 14 Captain Nathaniel Lareabee's Company. July 11. Coombs, George Relds, private .... 6 5 (( 9. Rideout, Benjamin ... " .... 6 7 1 All not otlierwise specified are from musteri-olls, etc. APPENDIX in. 881 Captain William Lithgow's Company. Date OF Time of Service. Enlistm ENT. Name. Bank. Mouths. Dayrt. 1776. March 13. Austin, Benoni . . . private .... 8 12 (( 11. Coombs, Fields .... " 8 14: (1 15. Dunning, James .... " 8 10 Feb. 9. " John .... " 9 14 March 15. Given, John " 8 10 Grafton (Graffam?),Eph. " 5 • 23 March 13. Hunt, John " 8 12 Feb. 19. Jones, John 9 4 March 21. Lawrence, Joseph ... " (deserted) 5 11 M alloy, Hugh corp. prom, sergt. 9 4 March 15. Rideout, Benjamin . . private .... 6 2 ** 15. Spear, WiUiam .... " 8 14 ti 15. Stanwood, William . . sergeant .... 8 14 Feb. 19. " " . : private .... 9 4 March 18. Woodward, Ebenezer . " .... Captain George White's Company. 4 19 1777. Austin, Benoni .... private .... 874 Cornish, John .... " esi Given, John " ... 80i Grows, John " .... 66 Hunt, John " .... 135 Lawrence, Joseph ... " 974 McGill, William .... " . . . 66 Malloy, Hugh . . " 884 Melcher, Joseph .... " 614 Ozburn, Jonathan ... 434 Ryan, Francis " .... 994 Stanwood, William . . 1st lieut. . . 109 " " . . private .... 47 Starbird, Samuel ... " . 37 Captain Samubl Noybs's Company. 1775. June 20. Hunt, Daniel. Captain Coombs's Company, Colonel Mitchell's Regiment.' Date of enlistment. Name. Age. Stature. OOMPIEXIOX. 1778. Getchell, Benjamin 28 , Rideout,'' Abraham 20 . " Stephen 18 . Woodward, Joseph 16 . 5 feet 7 inches . . light. 1 These men were to serve " niTie months from the time of their arrival in Fish Kills." 2 Also served four years and three months. Enlisted from Brunswick in Captain Dan- iel Merrill's company, Colonel Brewer's regiment, at White Plains, N. Y. Served also in Captain Bullock's company under Greene, and was discharged at West Point in 1782. After the war, he removed to Kennehunkport, where he was living in 1837. 66 882 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Companies, . etc. , Unknown. Date op Enlistment. Name. Rank. Alexander,' William Alden,' Jere Bisbee, Oliver (before coming to Bruns.) Dunlap, Hugh captain. — Dunning, Robert " 1777. Jan. 1. Given, Eobert lieut. 7tli Mass. Growse,' Michael private. Hunt, Ephraim, captain. , Hinkley . liWw " hCilLU- Oc^^alZiAuJ Larrabee, Benjamin " ' Lunt,' Amos (per'ps fr. Falmouth) Moulton,' Jeremiah Eowe,' major. Skolfleld,' William Storer,' William private. Thompson, Samuel captain, pro. col. and brig. -gen. " Thomas ensign. 1779. 1779. 1779. 1779. 1774. 1774. II. TOPSHAM MEN. Captain James Curtis's Company. Date of Time of Service. Enlistment. Name. Rank. Months. Dayn. 1775. July 18. Delap (Dunlap?), John private . . . . 22 18. Gray, Alexander . . . (( . . 22 " 18. " Uriah tc . . 22 18. Potter, Samuel . . . " . . . . 22 18. Walker, Simon Peter . (t . . 22 1775. July 1776. Feb. 19. March 11. " 11. 11. Feb. 19. Jan. 1. Feb. 19. March 11. Feb. 19. 19. 19. Captain Nathaniel Labkabee's Company. Hall, Nathaniel .... private .... ( Captain William Lithgow's Company. private .... i Allen, Daniel . . " William . . Beveridge, Robert priv, Gray, Alexander . " Uriah . . . I.ithgow, William Owen Philip . . . Poor, Ricliard . . Potter, Alexander Reed, William . . " William . . prom. Corp. and sergt, private captain fifer private sergeant private 3 6 10 12 8 9 1 9 i 14 15 26 23 4 14 4 2 4 ^ From traditional source) entirely. APPENDIX III. 883 Date of KSIilSTMENT. Name. Time of Sektice. Months. Days. 1776. Feb. 20. March 11. Feb. 19. Jan. 1. Shannon, John .... private Thompson," Alexander . " Walker, Peter private White, George .... 1st lleut. 15 U 18 Captain George White's Company. 1777. Allen, Daniel ..... private " William . , Bester, Foster . , Beveridge, Robert . . ensign Jones, John (for. Bruns.) private Kennedy, James . Poor, Richard . . Potter, Alexander Shannon, John . White, George .... captain Whitten, John .... private 70 70 79 110 87 62 103 87 98 110 46 Captain John Skillings's Company. 1777. Gray, Uriah private .... Owen, Philip " .... First Regiment, Lincoln County.' Date of Enlistment. Name. 141 141 Captain. Stature. Complexion. 1778. Bead, James . . . . Mustard . . 21 . . . 6 feet — inches . . light. Mustard, James . (C — . . — Patten, Actor . . . Patten . . — . . — . Potter, Hugh . . .( . . 17 . . . 5 " 7 " . light. " Joseph . . . Mustard . . 32. . .5 " 7 " . dark. " Robert. . . Patten . .20. . .5 " 8 " . light. Companies, etc., TJnicn Date of Eni-istment. Hame. Bane. 1775. Berry, Thomas lieut. 1779. Graves," Johnson private. 1779. Haley,3 Pelatiah " — Hunter,' Adam " 1774. " James major, prom, to col. 1776. Jameson, Given lieut. 1776. Patten, William W ■ captain. 1779. Porter,' Benjamin (not then a citizen). 1779. " James 2d lieut. — Purington, James " — Reed, David " prom, to captain. 1776. " John capt. " " lieut.-col. 1776. Whitehouse,' Thomas ensign. — Wilson, Thomas captain. — " William lieut. 1 Enlisted in Captain Hitchcock's company, Colonel Brewer's regiment. Afterwards movedio Topsham. . . , . ,,t. , rr-,, » 'Enlisted/or " nine months from the time of their arrival m lish Kills. 8 From traditional sources. 884 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. III. HARPSWELL MEN. Captain Jambs CanTis's Compaxt. Date of Time of Service. ENLISTMENT. Name. Bank. Months. Days. 1775. July 20. Adams, Thomas . . . . private .... 2 25 17. Andrews, John . . . tt 3 — May 17. Barstow, James . . . (( 3 — 20. Bibher, James .... (( 2 25 July 17. Blake, John corporal 3 — June 10. Cummings, John . . private 2 4 July 17. Curtis, Jacob .... sergeant 3 — May 17. " Nathaniel . . private 3 — " 17. Doyle, Elijah . . . (( 3 — July 18. Ewing, John .... sergeant 3 2 18. Hunt, William .... (( 3 2 17. Johnson, David . . . private 3 May • 17. " James . . . u 3 — 17. " John . . . " 3 , — . July 17. Miller, Asa flfer 3 1. Purinton, Humphrey . private 1 11 May 20. Eoddick, William . . It 2 25 15. Rogers, Mark .... 1st lieut. 3 2 July 20. Tarr, Joseph private 2 25 20. " William .... (( 2 25 1. Thompson, Cornelius u 1 11 " 18. Joel. . . {( 3 2 May 17. Toothaker, Ephraim . {( 3 June 10. Williams, Samuel . . a 2 i Captain Nathaniel Laerabek's Company. 1775. July 9. Birthright, Peter . . . private .... 6 7 " 9. Dolph, Ellis " ... 6 7 9. Hall, Nathaniel . . . . " .... 6 7 " 1. Larrabee, Nathaniel . . captain ... 6 16 " 1. Snow, Isaac 1st lieut 6 16 " 10. Toothaker, Abraham . private .... 6 6 " 9. Williams, Samuel . . . sergeant .... 6 7 Captadst William Lithgow's Company. Time of Marching. 1776. August 6. Andrews, John .... private . . Barstow, Isaac .... " ... March 11. Doughty, Benjamin . . " ... Hunt, William ..... corporal .... 23 23 U APPENDIX III. 885 Captain George White's Company. Date of Bnustment. Name. Rank. 1777. Adams^ Adam C. " Samuel . Allen, Pelatiah . Curtis, Benjamin Henry, Zetiulon . Toothaker, Setli . Whittum, Thomas Wilson, William . private Adams, Samuel Aderton, Badger Wliittum, James Captain Eked's Company. Bray, Robert Herfernan, Patrick Time of Service. Days. 121 70 794 684 Nickerson, Luke Weymoutli, Arch. Captain Smith's Company. Bibber, James Doyle, James Captain Lane's Company. Doyle, Jotham Webber, Samuel Captain Cdrtis's Company,' in Colonel Mitchell's Regiment. Date of Enlistment. Name. Age. Stature. Complexi6n. 1778. Bishop, Hutson 19 ... 5 feet 5 inches Booker, Isaiah 16 . . . " " Gardner, Seth 28 ... 5 " 9 " Haskell, Ward 24 ... 5 " 10 " Johnson, Jonathan 23 ... 6 " — light, dark. light. Companies, etc.. Unknown. Date of Enlistment- Name. Rank. 1776. Alexander, Thomas captain. 1777. Curtis, Nehemiah " — Doughty,^ James — Farrin," private. 1776-1780. Hodgkins, Eli ensign. 1775. Leavitt,^ Caleb private, killed at Bunker Hill. — " Nathaniel" " — Merritt,'' Henry — 1776. Merryman, Huston lieut. 1776-80. Purinton, John M captain. — " Stephen' . — — Small,^ Epraim private. — " Samuel' " 1776. Stover, Simeon Q ensign. 1776-1780. Trufant, Samuel lieut. 1 Enlisted for'HJie term of nine months, from the time of their arrived in FishKills. ' 2 From- traditional sources alone. 886 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSBAM, AND HARPSWELL. Privatebksmbn from the Three Towns. Name. Locality. Vessel. Bishop, Abner .... Black, John Campbell, John (Capt.) Dunning, James ... Hall, Nathaniel . . . Hopkins, Elisha . . . Hunt, "William .... Eeed, John .... " William .... Skolfleld. John .... Snow, Elisha .... " Isaac " John , Stanwood, David . , David, Jr. , " Eben . . . , " Samuel . . " William . . . Sylvester, Marlboro . Toothaker, Abraham . . " Isaac . . . Totman, Josiah . . . . Wier, Thomas . Harpswell , Harpswell , , Harpswell . In Sea Flower.^ Sea Flower. Sturdy Beggar. Sea Flower. Sea Flower. Sturdy Beggar. ' Of NewburypoH, Captain Tracy. APPENDIX IV. 887 APPENDIX IV. A LIST OF THE SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF 1812-14. I. FROM BRUNSWICK. Beunswick Artillery," uj Service at Bath. 1814. Name. Bank. Alden, Peter O captain. Eastman, Robert 1st lieutenant. Marsh, Moses M 2cl " Pennell, Thomas 3d " Stetson, Harvey clerk and sergeant. Welch, Edward sergeant. Dunham, Johnson " Stetson, Charles , " Hedge, George drummer. Carey, James " matross " = private. Cummings, Samuel S flfer. Danforth, Isaac matross. Dillingham, Ammi driver. Dunlap, Joseph matross. Given, William, Jr " Gray, Uriah " Hall, Robert hostler. Hunt, Jeremiah matross. Hunt, John " Kimball, Dean . " Kincaid, Patrick, Jr hostler. Larrabee, William driver. Littlefleld, Moses matross. Lunt, John Merrill, James Morse, Ephraim Morse, Lemuel Murray, Trueworthy Nelson, James Osgood, Eliphalet Owen, John, 2d Owen, Philip, Jr Pattee, WUliam Pierpont, Edward Powers, Paul ^From Treasury Department, Washington. 888 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Name. Rank. Pray, Edmund matross. Rowe, Amos " Simpson, Thomas " Stanford, Warren waiter to lieutenant. Stanwood, Thomas matross. Toothaker, Andrew driver. Toothaker, Charles '. ... matross. Toothaker, William hostler. Todd, John . . captain's waiter. Welch, Keed matross. Wilmot. Orlando " Wing, Allen " Captain Richakd T. Dunlap's Company,' Lieutenant Colonel Charles Thomas's Regiment, in Bath. 1814. Dunlap, Richard T captain. McManus, Richard 1st. lieut. Sherwood, Bavid, 2d 2d. " Titcomb, William orderly sergeant. Merriman, Nathaniel sergeant. Badger, Nathaniel " Badger, Joseph " Privates. Adams, Charles. Gray, John. Blake, Samuel. Given, Thomas. Bowker, Washington. Given, Thomas, Jr. Bradley, Foster. Growse, Thomas. Brown, Isaac. Hall, Hammond. Campbell, John. Hall, Johnson. Carey, Alanson. Hall, William. Caswell, Wilbur. Herrick, Benjamin J. Chase, Enoch- Hinkley, Noah. ^ Clarke, Alfred. Hunt, John. Clarke, John. James, William. Clarke, John, 2d. Keith, Isaac. Coombs, Abner. Kimball, Joseph. Coombs, Joseph. Kincaid, David. Coombs, William S. Lambert, James. Cowing, Daniel. Lemont, Adam. Cox, James. Litchfield, Waid. Cox, Isaac. Littlefield, James. Curtis, Joshua. Lovejoy, Odiorne. Curtis, William. Lowell, John. Dailey, Silas. Lowell, Simon. Eaton, Abner. Lunt, Joseph. Eaton, Charles. Lunt, Josiah. Eaton, Daniel, Jr. McLellan, Alexander. Eaton, John. McManus, Charles, Jr. Elliott, James, 2d. McManus, James, 2d. Eord, Daniel. McManus, John, Jr. Graffam, David. McManus, Richard, 2d. Grant, John. Mayhew, Zaccheus. Grant, Unite. Melcher, Abner. ' From Treasury Department, Washington. APPENDIX ir. 889 Melcher, Samuel, 3d. Merrj-man, Thomas, 2d. Merryman, Timothy. Merritt, Henry. Merritt, Jesse. Minot, George. Moore, Samuel. Morse, Benjamin. Morse, Lemuel. Morse, Paul, Jr. Noyes, James. O'Brien, Jeremiah. Osgood, Theodore. Otis, James. Owen, Jeremiah. Owen, Samuel. Pattee, William S. Pinkham, Stephen. Ransom, David. Robertson, John E. Rodick, "William. Ross, James, 3d. Ross, John. Ross, Robert, 2d. Ross, William, 2d. Ryan, Charles. Sampson, Alexander. Simpson, William. Skolfleld, John, 2d. Skolfleld, Joseph. Sloan, Robert. Snow, Abiezer. Stanwood, Philip. Starbird, William, Jr. Swift, Dean. Taylor, Phineas. Thomas, Ephraim. Thompson, Pelatiah. Titoomb, Benjamin, Jr. Toothaker, Abraham. Toothaker, Alexander. Toothaker, Isaac. Towns, Aaron. Townsend, Aaron. Townsend, Henry. Turner, James. Woodward, Martin. Brunswick Light Infantey,' in Colonel Thomas's Regiment, Bath. 1814. June ao to a3d and September 10th to 89th. Name. Eank. Dunning, Robert D captain. Owen, John lieutenant. Coburn, John ensign. Brown, Eliphalet sergeant. Dunning, Aaron " Dunning, John, 3d " Noyes, Joseph " Given, Samuel musician. Eaton, Edward " Robertson, Isaac corporal. Herrick, Joshua " Brown, John " Shaw, David Privates. Baker, Zachariah. Hall, Neal. Bradley, Foster. Hammond, James E. Brown, Gardner. Hunt, William. Clark, John, 2d. Kidder, Jonathan. Davis, Joseph W. Lock, Abraham. Dinsmore, James. Moore, Richard. Dunlap, Robert. Moulton, Samuel. Dunning, Joseph N. Mullen, Thomas. Elliot, James. Mustard, William. Elood, Henry. Noyes, James. Puller, Ira. Osgood, Theodore. Graffam, Thomas. Owen, Samuel. Grows, John. Ross, James, 3d. 1 From office of adjutant-general of Maine. 890 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARP8WELL. Sampson, Alexander. Shaw, Jobn. Titcomb, John L. Toothaker, John. Wing, Calvin. Woodside, George. Staff Roll op Colonel Thomas's Remment. Name. Bank. Locality. Thomas, Charles lt.-c61onel Estabrook, Thomas S major Poor, Nathaniel " Coombs, John E " Sewall, William adjutant Badger, Nathaniel " Thomas, Charles, Jr paymaster Herrick, Jacob chaplain Page, Jonathan surgeon Holbrook, Moses surgeon's mate Anderson, Martin sergeant-major Dunning, John quartermaster Brunswick. Durham. Brunswick. Captain Joseph Dustin's Company,' at Bath, in Col. Thomas's Regiment. 1814. Name. Rank, Dustin, Joseph captain. Pennell, William lieutenant. Dunning, John ensign. Brown, Benjamin sergeant. Given, Thomas " Dunning, James. 2d " Lewis, Jazzaniah ... Messerve, Jesse corporal. Anderson, Charles " Dunning, Thomas " Given, John, 3d drummer. Simpson, Robert fifer. Privates. Blaisdell, Jonathan. Morse, Adam. Chase, George. Morse, Anthony, Jr. Crips, John. Morse, James. Curtis, Abiezer. Morse, Joseph, Jr. Curtis, Calvin. Moseley, William. Curtis, Melzer. Parsley," Eliphalet. Given, Benjamin. Pennell, Jacob. Given, David, Jr. Pennell, Robert. Given, John, 2d. Skolfleld, Jacob. Gould, Joseph. Simpson,' Lewis. Graffam, Samuel. Simpson, Matthew. Hodgdon, Jeremiah. Stanwood, Benjamin. Hunt, William. Stanwood, David. Mariner, John, 3d. Stanwood, James, 3d. Miller, William. Stanwood, Judah. Minot, Vincent. Stanwood, Robert. 1 From Treasury Department, Washington. 2 The only members now living. APPENDIX IV. 891 Stevens, Reuben. Stilkey, George. Woodside, Robert. Woodside, Stinson. Woodside, 'Williani. Woodward, Nathan. Captain Jordan's Company,' in Colonel Thomas's Regiment, in Bath. 1814. Name. Rakk. Jordan, Peter, Jr captaiu. Woodward, Isaac lieut. Toppan, Josiab F sergeant. Jordan, Henry " Bisbee, Ruftas " Snow, Jordan " Mariner, Thomas corporal. Leavitt, Caleb " Peterson, Benjamin " Bates, James. Bisbee, Studley. Cook, Eli. Coombs, Asa. Coombs, Charles, Jr. Coombs, Joseph, Jr. Coombs, Samuel. Cotton, Levi. Crawford, Charles. Crawford, John. Crowell, John. Danforth, Abner. Danforth, Enoch. Davis, Mia6. Davis, Uriah. Donnell, Abiel. Donnell, John. Doughty, Jacob G. Doughty, Stephen. Doughty, William. Estes, John. Parrin, David. Parrin, Winthrop, Jr. Gatchell, Aaron. Gatchell, Benja]riin. Harding, Nehemiah. Jordan,' Robert. Privates. Holbrook, John. Holmes, William (waiter). Hyde, Jude. Jordan, Abijah. Jordan, Jesse. Larrabee, James. Lewis, Jabez. Lewis, Nathan. Linscott, Abijah (waiter). Linscott, Abraham. Linscott, Joseph, Jr. Low, Samuel. Marr, Joseph. Mariner, Unite. Melcher, John. Peters, Simeon. Peterson, John. Pollard, George. Smiley, David. Story, William. Thomas, William. Wallace, John. Winslow, Job. Woodward, Bbenezer. Woodward, Samuel. Cavalry. Weston,' Jacob. In Colonel McCobb's Regiment, in New Yokk. 1813. McManus,' Richard. 1 From Treasury Department, Washington. '■ Traditional. 892 msTOET OF Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. II. TOPSHAM MEN. Captain Patten's Company,' at Bath, in Colonel Mkrrill's Regiment. 1814. Name. E*NK. Patten, George F captain. Rogers, George lieutenant. Perry, Joseph M ensign. Hunter, Charles sergeant. Brown, Ezekiel M " Thompson, Daniel " Rogers, Hugh " Sampson, Henry fifer. Privates. Abell, Jehiel. Berry, Josiah. Berry, Kobert. Brown, Jeremiah. Card, Francis. Chase, John, Jr. Coombs, Abner, waiter. Cummings, Jacob. Foster, Joseph, 3d. Poster, Philip H. Foy, Henry. Foy, Joshua. Given, Samuel. Graves, Daniel. Graves, Ebenezer. Graves, Jacob. Graves, Levi. Graves, Moses. Graves, Samuel. Heal, Gilbert. Howiand, Abraham. Howland, Benjamin. Howiand, George. Howland, John. Hunter, Adam. Hunter, Alexander. Hunter, Arthur, Jr. Hunter, Benjamin. Hunter, David. Hunter, Lithgow. Hunter, Samuel. Hunter, Thomas, 3d. Mallett, William, Jr. Mallett, Collamore. Patten, Adam. Patten, James F. (waiter). Patten, Matthew. Potter, Jesse. Randall, William, Jr. Rideout, Jacob. Rogers, William. Sampson, James, Jr. Sanford, John, Jr. Small, Francis. Smith, Joseph. Stockman, Jesse. Taylor, John. Wade, Abner. Wade, Luther. Whitmore, Creighton (waiter). Winchell, Robert. Work, David. Topsham Artillery Company,' at Bath. 1814. Time of Sebvice. Name. Rank. Remarks. 19 days. Walker, Nathaniel . . captain " Cook, James . . 1st lieut. . " Perkins, Nahum . . 2d " " Perkins, Samuel . ord. serg. . 1 From Treasury Department, Washington. 2 From original roll. 'APPENDIX IV. 893 Time of Sebvice. Name. Bane. Bkmarrs. 19 days. Wentworth, John . — Plummer, Nathaniel 19 days. Plummer, Moses . Haley, Abner . . Wilson, John, ith Hlnkley, James . Holbrook, Jesse . Stone, Alfred . Cook, Lincoln . . Kimball, Abraham Alexander, David — Baker, Jonathan . 19 days. Brown, Robert . — Crosby, Ebenezer — Crosby, Sharon . 19 days. Dennett, William " Green, Gardner . 7 days. Grey, Solomon . — Haley, James . . 19 days. Haynes, Reuben . " Harding, Richard C — Hinkley, Ezekiel . — Hodsdon, Silas . — Hanniford, William — Jack, John . . . 4 days. Plummer, Lemuel D — Rollins, Aaron. . — Thomas, Consider — Thomas, George . — Towns, Samuel — Tuttle, Josiah . . 19 days. Ware, William . . — ' Weymouth, Moses sergeant corporal musician hostler waiter private private absent on duty in fort. for captain. " 1st lieutenant. " 2d excused from duty. absent C did not ) " I serve. 5 detached from infantry as instructor, absent in fort. absent in fort, did not serve, absent in fort. sick; discharged, did not serve, absent in fort. (( (( lame ; did not serve, absent in fort. absent in fort. Cavalry. Frost,' William. From Other Towns. Haskell," Joshua. III. HARP SWELL MEN. Captain Johnson's Company.^ 1814. June 30 to !S5 and September 19 to 31, Name. K Johnson, David captain. Curtis, Peleg . . lieut. Curtis, Davfd • ensign. 1 Traditional. ^Ibid. 8 Erom Treasury Department, Waehingtmi. 894 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Merryman, James, 4th sergeant. Randall, Benjamin " Sylvester, Isaac " Wler, James S " Curtis, Ebenezer corporal. Merryman, Thomas " Reed, John, Jr " Orr, Simeon " Dunning, James drummer. Merryman, Jacob flfer. Esthmian, Fryeholt " Privates. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29 Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Alexander, Hugh. Alexander, Isaac. Alexander, Joseph. Allen, Ephraim, Jr. Barstow, Robert. Barstow, William. Bibber, Courtney. Hlake, John (-waiter). Blasland, Wm. (wr.) Booker, Daniel, Jr. Clark, David. Clark, Paul (waiter). Curtis, James. Curtis, John. Curtis, Paul. Curtis, Simeon. Douglass, George. Douglass, William. Ewing, James, Jr. Ewing, John. Farrin, Winthrop. Gardiner, Robert. Hersey, John. Hodgkins, Benjamin. Ingalls, John N. Jordan, AVilliam. Kemp, Silas. Matthews, Samuel. June 20 to 25. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. , June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. June 20 to 25. Sept 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Merryman, Benjamin. Merryman, James, 3d. Merryman, John. Merryman, Mich'l, Jr. Merryman, Samuel. Merryman, Waitstill. Merryman, William. Orr, David. Orr, William. Perry, David. Pinkham, Richard. Reed, William. Sinnet, Hugh. Skolfleld, Samuel. Stevens, William H. Stover, Daniel. Stover, David. Stover, John. Stover, Joseph. Stover, Joshua. Stover, Paul. Stover, Theophilus. Sylvester, John. Sylvester, Marlboro'. Sylvester, William. Thomas, Jesse. Toothaker, David. APPENDIX 17. 895 June 20 to 25. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Totman, Levi. Webber, Charles. Wheeler, John. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Wheeler, Simeon. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. Wilson, John. Captain Snow's Company.' September 10 to »0, 1814. Names. Bank. Snow, Stephen . . Snow, Paul. . . . Merritt, William . . Merritt, Stephen . . Holbrook, Jonathan Coombs, Elisha . . Thomas, Williams . Toothaker, Samuel . Toothaker, Cornelius Eastman, Kingsbury Hopkins, Simeon Sawyer, Daniel . . Green, Josiah . . . Alexander, John. Aublns, George. Aubins, Humphrey. Blackmore, James (waiter). Blake, Samuel (waiter). Coombs, Jesse. Dingley, Spencer. Dresser, Ebenezer. Eastman, James. Holbrook, Israel. Hopkins, Elisha. Kemp, Timothy. Leavitt, George. Lorey, James. Lunt, Isaiah (waiter). Merritt, Isaac. Merritt, Samuel. captain, lieutenant, ensign, sergeant. corporal. musician. Privates. Otis, Samuel, Jr. Prior, Leonard P. Purrington, Joshua. Purinton,* Nathaniel. Kich, Benjamin. Eich, David. Rich, Isaac. Kidley, Mark, Jr. Small, Israel. Snow, Isaiah, Jr. Snow, Jesse. Snow, Jesse, Jr. Snow, Samuel. Toothaker, John. Wilson, Alexander. Wilson, Seth. In Companies, etc.. Unknown.' Dyer, George. Raymond, Paul. Dyer, Leonard. Purington, Robert. 1 From Treasury Department, Washington. s All the latter are from traditional sources. 2 Afterwards prom to lieiit. 896 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Q W Oh < C<2 1^ '—'-a ■a is sa:- j> »w •V m .1-5 co2o SSI 3 1-5 OOCM* . S wo,-; ^ 1 ";:" I - C 4) S '" B a' ass-- .-'"3S4 •-5 '"5 S » ts n o a .3 m m a) S g p o^ P3iSgS;2S SSpsQhhQ « « « S s s « CD S MX grH-g mcQ aCM >, 43 ^ tj 43.0 to H O m 5 C8 S S W O OJ O 03 M rSfc Mo.a'3'5) &o, mill a s -3 ■" ■3 g s I c £ - -Is I « tlT 03 H ea ^ w: u i» p 0.2 =M PS SPS Cq (M rH —( — ' "^ ^ CD CO ^ :o cc CO CO CO 00 CO OC « 30 CO r-H (M (M (M (M (N ift IQ COCOOCDCO";OCOCO coooaoccooxcooo CO CO CD CO CO CO CO CC OD DO +3 -4-= +3 ^ ^ tjj t»^ - 2 P>^ p'p'pq* W M cShMWqWM fH~Eq MP fq'M'a 13 - - P9 ,0.0 - ,-, >= 43 ja j73 C-4 S^ a: '^ rH I- <1 P 43 .^ .]S^4343.t34343^ :i5 ::£ ^ -•-* o^ 7D cn ^1 1 <-^ G O.S-^ « m O O a a « « a S « K M NT3 S3 03 » f § * ■ WOh3 Is p<§ 031-5 P" P" P" P' P" £ iT lT 03 03 03 03 0313 S S SSKSS P !»>. R 71 CJ 'r-l ^ ^ u h KB eS 03 WW P-I 43 «. S «3 « go*, Co p 03 03 03 APPENDIX r. 897 -a a I o » — t ci( Q.I — I fTj rrt >a » ^ (t4 » ^ O Ci » i; 5(5^5 m ^-3 i ■2-S .^-^ O O O » CJr-l " " nS.S !>, B a'° _ s •°> § 5 S S t. (u ca^S a a m ^ S r-t "-S rH ^3 13 « .Q 5Sp a -_ « ^ Si ■a ■a J3 T3P-( P Si C3 > OS O Is e-l m-B. .22 P^ S "^ '^ c- '^ . — _- o 1^ 'S ;^ o tj = — uu^ BO "r" ., U J7"ti M.I- to qj ^ 5^ >.^r,. i-s 4-. rO ^ c ;:^ '^ T1 ri ;j; hi i-H ^ CP g ■^ % T) r- E= ^ f= ^ P a; QO S C AhS SQ ccxx3cxcc:cx.xxxco30 ^ ^ ^ w :c CD jO o to ec ^ ^ -^ -^ -^ -^ -o co» ooxxaoxooao x=o: ^ f3 oT 9" " ^ B 03 C>' w (» a 03 4J -S "3 4j ■fl s AhP r O i-:- £3 g>Hfl-i K^ - w ■» r * '^ S r^ .2 >5 03 J "p "PSSSP! a> 03 » i» -O-S S,?„B C O O P p ;h tH c M B -tB ^, ■ K 1-5 m f5 !^ 03 1^1 ^ B rtja 0(J 03 B 03 U 5 B OrT HocS Q- i/j'Si: B f^ ;fH 2 2 a b" b" a" sesgf 000 -Vi< . *i uT BB g'2 0000 S O ^ 33 'J5J3 « a HHP g So 0;=: 000 OOUO 3-3 SW |2 e o 00 898 mSTORT OF BRUNSWWK, TOPSBAMy AND HARPSWELL. 0) a ft-? coco Si? g| g 3-8 ° .>>o Sinai 03 aj a; 03 tj , 33 , ■' c p.a i i i S5-S 3.; gSpl««£SQgC m S3 ® a) o • 2>. -= O^ gP^ fcjS D-S^ ^ a» ,^ J- X rn i « a m s 5^ £ S o " "-^U aid lSBSiZadQP-i(i s s ^^ s ?! ccaj rf ert t»^>i g . en :3 n ijatcM ■a * s -a -a" 44- CC <0 43 43 C rH .^ t- X I 111 1 5'l *" 2 =8 g ca O tH 'M«'s e S^~S 5 SSSS ■p "^ B a a a a a 900 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. •^■l =* , > > > >■ >^ . n ^ ri ^ 'j +s -U -W >c »o lO tH rH Oli-C^ iH ^ ^ ^ c3 cq CO =0 (N .-< W M I— ' M CO lO lO t- CC i-i r-i tH lO — ) iH i" •1^ 1 fs Bi i" ■ill . > » > - c8 +5 a. . , .s^. a ?-•: ■■u •?:: = . „ ^ ^ cu ra. Ph IS o £ Q(S Ph £sph M&H +^Td+3 0+= +j+3^ += 0"c3C-f-< cnSaJf^^^f-itH t^^wo oonsipposs 151 CO datS o iSooSc -ocsooocicscs WtdW hkkwwsww 902 HISTOET OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. O CO g 3 oH.a g n 30 so 3.S 2'Sw s g s ■■»5 ■** +3 13 3 3 O p O O J2 © « « ^ S 5 S a 3 3 3 !,a M 0000 1-5H51-51-S 2 * 3 V §1 P 3 IK is 2 43 « 43 3 BJ3 3 ^333 APPENDIX V. 903 o S g "a ® irfrv,' A.1 *M .S * *"* ^ g- f g=^2S eg ill-S.^-?? Q ^- 1—1 -. ftj-O ^ V O -Tin a> m 4) O'So'3'3 ".5 i3 bO-S § 5 S . o c" o'E o ■a, ■m?3 S o : fcfS ■a I "3 ^^ CO «i O r! > ^ ^* s^c^a a ^-cjcjdcjis-^cja ^ SP'S. Sf.5> S a ftT^^Vn'Mct'CiCW i©©s« Si "S I - "j Tl rr* (U -S.a bo-** "^ « B<1o3 d p: ei.ag'^-g.gg^a oSS mQ G w o o /^ 1*4 *3 (* fi .11 d'i n ft e «" a - .-I .S 2 a ^ « — .2 . a o © ■5 8 ■S C3 904 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. £ S 00- -Sj3 i>-.9 -i3 ca3iog .0 oa^gtu - - -_ o >,aj2 ffi q E. 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PI-- fci o S a-a Cj gj JU ) ca j- c H 1 J ca ^ ce es P3 QpPH BeS S 3 3 3 3 CS eS 03 !>>!>. 03 03 03 03 5S t iJI 3 l-s 4J . ft - 03 ^ .^'003 2>S.3 0;!>2 ■.-®m- .COO (S 5 CO CO O 03 II « t3 03 03 .3.3 rtH CO CO JC cc -.^ :c ID OC CC X 00 +3 +3 -M *3 3 5 S S o o o o Tj 'O ^O 'S QJ O) a; CO OJ S aj o. +3 4_> *J ^ C/i Vj CQ M 3 != P S i xxS6a5 ^ f.^ .-^ r-l 1864, 1864, 1864, 1861, 1862, 1864, 1864, § S a '€ : 3Sa-x xSsi J3S^ = "Sgg ■* crrco"co >C5 QOr-T S" (^1 SS r-tTH,-l Sf.3-S,B Nov. Nov. Nov. Aug. Aug. Oct. Oct. Aug. .Q.3-S, 03 ffl S" 1-5 II 1 Sept. Aug. Sept June Oct. Oct. Mar. feT^^a" m" fq", t>i >, >> >i >> a p> > > > t> e^ g cj c3 e3 e3 cS -.a"^ j2 jso! tzi aj t/i aj to ja'.Bja O ClTjH^'a MI/ICO ^< ^ "cs "^ > > C3 « +3 4a +J Cfi D^ CO > > > « C3 c3 ■2 • ■ • 5 ^ > t- CS ce :3 rC -*^ ■*-= . . . 3 wc-l c: . - .s S s i vate, pora vate. •i " g=.. t. ;: w ^ 3 > 3 .2. 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WM o POd, -a OS hi:Ml>3 © CJ op 3 « +j +s 45 -^ I— t 9 s 5 y ^ F3 d d cfi Q III a — 02 02 .tri WT; :-. 05,^1 S S s a g £ * ^ 1*1 -2 ra ggcoco ^^q C3 e« o M fli qj a) oj ( M ^ OB Wj B < bJ O rt OS f3 1 hii-ji-si-s fflll g g S 3 g APPENDIX r. 911 C3 1 l-i^" ^ ej 3c 00 rO Ur-I-I go ==0 faff :«-sO'Ti 15 .P S c e8^i*i <» 53 (» ^ eS -g c« }- h 2 o » S d ■ "3 I — i*o 5 (6 P:3 I S*® S^^* ^'Z P 3 O r- QJ OJ eg fM > > « S C3 cooitc S FM O Ph U O ft PM O Ph I. oqPh CO ►S ggg CD d I I ,i; o S . "CO « - dJ £ C-" s p d a m a pjs a S m ^ c3 h ca C3 »H « M Si •3^ Md O d ^ rd P «3 5 w« « w.p^ ® O d >3 oi-^ .^£^€ OS OS OQ OS 912 mSTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM. AND HARPSWELL. ^ ^" 3 1-3 *j CO "* Sn . So"S 00 o '-' u S'S OS « U5g ^ o o o ■te'O cSF*^ 60^ 2 w'OnS T3 gj ;0<+H P CO rif^s CO c3 ■ ^ CO U-f-t r'i^ 01 fH O . fP pC «i C r-l .1.15 ts -co § rB ^ -t-> CP ^ i^ ^ . ■ ^^ Qw M n-i CO O « prH--^ s aCr-l ^ S "^ -s -s . cS-a-S-S a* -.JS P P HIIO -^tH tH iH tHW CO «i X ^00 00 3 1-* 1-4 (N Cq iM C<] (M -^ OOCCQOCOaOOOCOOOOOQO •-5 ^ 1-3 TO OQ O O t-SCG^ COl-3 P (= Plp^O ««+34i a t-3 i-sH5a3P > "^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " e- ">' '- ^' -I C8 3 Q tOOBM - s k'T P O >5 Q CO S ■f^ P.4J -t^ wtceoM .3^ S c p"§ O O p • t» ca p B a a '■J3 '-C .S CO 3 c E-H a B CO i Onoj3o>B««cs:S APPENDIX V. 913 s C3 'I a? ft? rt .--IB 2 ■•3 •o S.Q.a Sja S o S 2 §2 'S-a S S ■d m i6 2 >i(»> Si*' "Woun Muste Three Three 4i§ g-i-a| SP* CO-g 2m a2| ."I « 3 oj 45 y Oj ^T3 O O Q, .2 03 g pg . OJ OT 3 ^ O h 2 m fe'fe'" ® a> S Mtaoo w CO 3 (N(N(M(M Cq Cq (N CT (N (N (M W (O CO CO CO CD CO CO ?0 ^ ^ CO CO 00*»CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO aj CO' JjS ^J^J^J^JSJSM CO CO ^ 53 53 13 B 53 (3 B . . g ,H n in « (N IM IM P P M coco i I l2i 3 •S-H I I- .S3 % OS SI B to ;o ^o CO C3 p2cO CO O _- CiH rH 00 += r- O O •» cQ l=i O O O « g »^ C |-S3§S filziSgS a to ,S ¥ ™ 5 £ s 2 I'll .S sS OS CD CO COCO (M(MN(M»CiC3 CT C^CJCMiM 1ft r-l S SSSS g§ CO CO :d CO fx: CD 00 CO 00 00 00 00 i-sco M M IM Ml w p p p p « to oT "c o ojJSIo fl pfi MflQfi^ M MCfi m fifiwOfRd MO^" >> > sassss g^stJiDp Ph P- (5 fi^S 2 ^f' i5 3pf5 1^ § > s CS S i-s ^;^ Ba g P S S S g m a B t''3 o 18 e So a s M 1 ----- S g II. ^1 <» « <» J3 C3 ^ 03 MM ^ 2J„- .2 ?.^ ■»* ,.-9 SfS 8,^ ^o §S sip's 'o a O rt ^^i-s p gg.s d.g- >> a m-x.:ii APPENDIX V. 915 ^ 1— ( eo iH ^" <» to ^« >>^ rH 4300 . 1 III ^ s foco^ pi »T1 n'-'^ EQ. "S •S-S."" s O fOfO 2 C3 g^gbg >, S §§^ A GO 1 a S S •l-l TH ^ e PPB ^ ^ « « « cq eqcqio CD CO f:o o QO QOOOQO T-l tH -rHiHi-1 CO cs OJG5 t- rH « NiMcq 5 p o P WW" sS t^ > > <3 c3 125 !Z5 oj _jj ^"fl-aj ■1^ 43 . u S SS& 1 e3 >- •i~« tH s ^ P-l icPh d tandwood. Nathaniel Larrabee. 1773. Thomas Skolfleld. Samuel Standwood. Nathaniel Larrabee. 177*. Samuel Standwood. William Standwood. Nathaniel Larrabee. 1775. Thomas Skolfleld. Thomas Moulton. Nathaniel Larrabee. 1776. Samuel Standwood. Benjamin Stone. James Curtis. 1777. Benjamin Stone. Samuel Standwood. James Curtis. APPENDIX ril. 921 1778. William Stanwood. John Dunlap. Nathaniel Larrabee. 1779. Nathaniel Larrabee. William Stanwood. Andrew Dunning. 1780. Nathaniel Larrabee. William Stanwood. Andrew Dunning. 1781. Nathaniel Larrabee. William Stanwood. Andrew Dunning. 178a. Thomas Skolfleld. Samuel Stanwood. James Curtis. 1783. Nathaniel Larrabee. William Stanwood, Jr. Ephraim Hunt. 1784. Nathaniel Larrabee. William Stanwood, Jr. Ephraim Hunt. 178S. Nathaniel Larrabee. William Stanwood, Jr. Ephraim Hunt. 1786. Nathaniel Larrabee. Ephraim Hunt. Andrew Dunning. 1787. Nathaniel Larrabee. Andrew Dunning. Ephraim Hunt. 1788. Nathaniel Larrabee. Andrew Dunning. William .Stanwood, Jr. 1789. Nathaniel Larrabee. Andrew Dunning. William Stanwood, Jr. 1790. Nathaniel Larrabee. Andrew Dunning. William Stanwood, Jr. 1791. Nathaniel Larrabee. John Dunning. Daniel Given. 1798. Nathaniel Larrabee. John Dunning. Daniel Given. 1793. Nathaniel Larrabee. Daniel Given. Capt. Wm. Stanwood, Jr. 1794. Nathaniel Larrabee. Col. William Stanwood. Daniel Given. 1795. Nathaniel Larrabee. Col. Wm. Stanwood. Daniel Given. 1796. Nathaniel Larrabee. Col. Stanwood. Daniel Given. 1797. Nathaniel Larrabee. Col. Wm. Stanwood. Daniel Given. 1798. Nathaniel Larrabee. Col. Wm. Stanwood. Capt. Wm. Stanwood. 1799. Nathaniel Larrabee. Capt. Wm. Stanwood. Amos Lunt. 1800. Nathaniel Larrabee. William Dunning. Amos Lunt. 1801. William Dunning. Dr. Charles Coffin. Nathaniel Larrabee. 922 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1803. Nathaniel Larrabee. Col. Wm. Stanwood. Daniel Given. 1803. Ephraim Hunt. Stephen Larrabee. Charles Coffin. 1804. William Dunning. Capt. Eobert Thompson. Thomas Noyes. "William Dunning, Thomas Noyes. Capt. Eobert Thompson. 1806. Capt Eobert Thompson. William Dunning. Thomas Noyes. 1807. William Dunning. John Perry, Jr. Stephen Larrabee, Jr. William Dunning. John Perry, Jr. Stephen Larrabee, Jr. Eobert D. Dunning. Stephen Larrabee, Jr. Jacob Anderson. 1810. Stephen Larrabee, Joseph Hacker. William Dunning. John Given. Joseph Hacker. William Dunning. 181». Joseph Hacker. James Dunning. Stephen Larrabee. 1813. James Dunning. Stephen Larrabee. Joseph Hacker. 1814, Hon. Jacob Abbot. Eobert D Dunning, Esq. Stephen Larrabee. 181S. Joseph Hacker. Eobert D. Dunning. David Given. 1816. David Given. Joseph Hacker. Eobert D. Dunning. i8ir. Joseph Hacker. Edward Eaymond. Caleb Cnshing. 1818. Caleb Gushing, Joseph Hacker. Edward Eaymond. 1819. Caleb Cnshing. Edward Eaymond. Jacob Pennell. 18»0. Caleb Gushing. Edward Raymond. Jacob Pennell. 1831. Caleb Gushing. Edward Eaymond. Jacob Pennell. 18a!3. Caleb Gushing. Edward Eaymond. Jacob Pennell. 1833. Caleb Gushing. Edward Eaymond. Jacob Pennell. 1824. Abner Bourne. Thomas Given, 2d. David Farrin, 1833. Abner Bourne. Thomas Given, Jr. David Farrin. APPENDIX VII. 923 1836. Abner Bourne. Thomas Given, 2d. David Farrin. isar. John A. Dunning. James F. Matthews. Thomas Given. isas. John A. Dunning. James F. Matthews. Thomas Given. 1839. John A. Dunning. James F. Mathews. Thomas Given. 1830. John A. Dunning.. James F. Mathews. Thomas Given. 1831. Noah Hinkley. James F. Mathews. Isaiah Hacker. 183a. John A. Dunning. James F. Matthews. Isaiah Hacker. 1833. John A. Dunning. James F. Matthews. Isaiah Hacker. 1834. Elijah P. Pike. Isaiah Hacker. Thomas Given. 1835. Nathaniel Cunning. James F. Matthews. Henry Merritt. 1836. Nathaniel Dunning. James F. Matthews. Thomas Given, 2d. 1837. James. F. Matthews. Thomas Given, 2d. John C. Humphreys. 1838. James F. Matthews. ■Robert Pennell, Peter Jordan. 1839. James F. Matthews. Eobeit Pennell. James Cox. 1840. James F. Matthews. James Cox. Joseph Lunt, 2d. 1841. James F. Matthews. James Cox. Joseph Lunt, 2d. 184%. Adam Lemont. Joseph Lunt, 2d. Richard Greenleaf. 1843. Adam Lemont. Joseph Lunt, 2d. Richard Greenleaf. 1844. Adam Lemont. Richard Greenleaf. Joseph Lamb, 2d. 1845. Richard Greenleaf. Joseph Lunt, 2d. Samuel S. Wing. 1846. Richard Greenleaf. Joseph Lunt, 2d. Samuel S. Wing. 1847. Richard Greenleaf. Samuel S. Wing. James Otis. 1848. Richard Greenleaf. Samuel S. Wing. J. W. Forsaith. 1849. Richard Greenleaf. S. S.. Wing. Benjamin D. Pennell. 924 mSTOBT OF'BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 18S0. Richard (Jreenleaf. . Samuel S. Wing. Benjamin D. Pennell. 1851. Richard Greenleaf. Benjamin Furbish. John S. Gross. ' 1859. Richard Greenleaf. Rodney Forsaith. Benjamin D. Pennell. 18S3. Richard Greenleaf. Rodney Forsaith. Benjamin D. Pennell. 1854. Richard Greenleaf. Rodney Forsaith. Benjamin D. Pennell. 1855. Joseph Lunt, 2d. George C. Crawford. Gardiner G. Frost. 1856. Joseph Liunt, 2d. Thomas S. Dunning. Joseph, C. Given. 1857. Joseph Lunt, 2d. John L. Swift. Gardiner G. Frost. 1858. Joseph Lunt, 2d. John L. Swift. John S. Gross. 1859. Richard Greenleaf. William S. Given. Nathaniel Badger. I860. John L. Swift. Leonard Townsend. Augustus F. Cox. 1861. JohnL Swift. Leonard Townsend. Augustus F. Cox. 186». Leonard Townsend. Augustus F. Cox. Francis Owen. 1863. Leonard Townsend. Augustus F.'Cox. Francis Owen. 1864. Leonard Townsend. . Augustus F. Cox. Francis Owen. 1865. Joseph Lunt, 2d." John L. Swift. Leonard Townsend. 1866. Joseph Lunt. Augustus F. Cox. John L. Swift. 1867. Joseph Lunt. Augustus F. Cox. Chas. C. Humphreys. 1868. C. C. Humphreys. J. C. Given. Henry Carvill. 1869. C. C. Humphreys. J. C. Given. Henry Carvill. 1870. Henry Carvill. Joseph Lunt, 2d. Lyman E. Smith. 1871.. Henry Carvill. Lyman E. Smith. Chas. N. Bates. 187a. Henry Carvill. Lyman B. Smith. John Crawford. 1873. Lyman E. Smith. Thomas U. Eaton. Larkin D. Snow.- APPENDIX ril. 925 1874. Larkin D. Snow. .Samuel S. Wing. Geo, P. Simpson. 1875. Samuel S. Wing. Geo. P. Simpson. Horatio A. Patten. 18T6. Lyman E. Smith. Samuel S. Wing. Thomas U. Eaton. isrr. Lyman B. Smith. Thomas U. Eaton. Sumner L. Holbrook. Town Clerks of Brunswick. Nathaniel Badger, from 1837 to 1859. Wimond Bradbury, 1741, 1742. Charles Coffin, 1808. David Dunning, 1762. Robert Finney, from 1744 to 1751. J. W. Forsaith, 1865 to 1867. Daniel Given, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820. Samuel Hinkley, 1739 Benjamin Larrabee, 1740, 174E. Nathaniel Larrabee, from 1766 to 1802. John MoKeen, from 1821 to 1836. John Perry, 1809. Nathaniel Poor, 1814. Thomas Skolfleld, from 1762 to 1761 and 1763, 1764, 1765. Jotham Stone, ft-om 1804 to 1808. Leonard Townsend, from 1860 to 1864, and from 1868 to 1877. Selectmen of Topsham. 1764. John Fulton. John Reed. John Merrill. 1765. No record. 1766. Adam Hunter. James Hendry. John Fulton. 1767. James Hunter. John Merrill. John Winchell. 1768. John Fulton. James Hunter. John Merrill. 1769. William Thorne. James Henry, Sen. Actor Patten. 1770. Joseph Graves. James Mustard. John MerriU. 1771. John Merrill. William Reed, Jr. James Fulton. 1778. John Fulton. John Merrill. James Potter, Jr. 1773. John Merrill. . James Hunter. Samuel Graves. ir»'4. Thomas Wilson. James Beverage. John Winchell. 1775. Thomas Wilson. James Beverage. John Fulton. 1776. John Fulton. William Randall. Actor Patten. 1777. John Merrill. James Potter. James Fulton. 926 SISTOET OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HASPSWELL. 1778. John Merrill. James Potter. James Fulton. 1779. John Merrill. James Hunter. William Wilson. 1780. John Merrill. James Fulton. William Wilson. 1781. John Merrill. Arthur Hunter. Jonathan Berry. 1788. Arthur Hunter. John Reed. James Wilson. r 1783. Arthur Hunter. James Wilson. John Sandford. 1784. John Fulton. James Wilson. Arthur Hunter. 1785. John Fulton. James Wilson. Arthur Hunter. 1786. John Fulton. James Wilson. Arthur Hunter. 1787. John Fulton. .James Wilson. Arthur Hunter. 1788. John Fulton. James Wilson. Arthur Hunter. 1789. John Fulton. Jonston Graves. Ezekiel Thompson. 1790. William Wilson. John Sogers. Ezekiel Thompson. 1791, William Wilson. John Rogers. Ezekiel Thompson. 1798. William Wilson. Ezekiel Thompson. John Rogers. 1793. John Fulton. William Wilson. John Merrill. 1794. John Merrill. John Fulton. William Wil«on. 1795. John Merrill. John Fulton. William Wilson. 1796.; John Merrill. John Fulton. William Wilson. 1797. John Merrill. John Fulton. WiUiam Wilson. 1798. John Merrill. James Wilson. Alexander Rogers. 1799. William Wilson, Alexander Thompson. Robert Patten. 1800, John Merrill. Arthur Hunter. John Fulton. 1801. John Fulton. Arthur Hunter. John Merrill. APPENDIX VII. 927 1803. Arthur Hunter. John Merrill. Alexander Rogers. 1803. John Merrill. John Fulton. Alexander Thompson. 1804. Alexander Thompson, Sen. Ezra Smith. John Eogers. 1805. John Merrill. John Eogers. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. 1806. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Actor Patten, Jr. Crispus Graves. 1807. Actor Patten, Jr. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Crispus Graves. 1808. Actor Patten, Jr. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Crispus Graves. 1809. Actor Patten, 3d. Crispus Graves. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. 1810. Actor Patten, 3d. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves. 1811. William Graves. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. James Fulton, Jr. William Graves. Pelatiah Haley. Jr. James Pulton, Jr. 1813. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves. James Fulton, Jr. 1814. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Alexander Thompson. William Graves. 181S. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Alexander Thompson. William Graves. 1816. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Alexander Thompson. William Graves. 1817. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves, John Rogers, Jr. 1818. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves. John Rogers, Jr. 1819. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves. . George F. Patten. 1890. Benjamin J. Porter. David Foster. Arthur Hunter, Jr. Pelatiah Haley. John Rogers, Jr. William Graves. 1888. Pelatiah Haley. William Graves. John Rogers. Pelatiah Haley. William Graves. Capt. John Rogers. Pelatiah Haley. William Graves. Capt. John Rogers. 183S. Pelatiah Haley. William Graves. John Rogers, Jr. . 928 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1826. Pelatiah Haley. Capt. John Rogers, Jr. Isaac Thompson. 1887. Nathaniel Green. Capt. Johp Rogers, Jr. John H. Thompson. 1838. Nathaniel Green. John H. Thompson. John Rogers, Jr. 1889. Nathaniel Green. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. 1830. Nathaniel Green. Josiah Sandford. Isaac Thompson. 1831. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. Samuel Perkins. 1833. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. Samuel Perkins. 1833. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. Samuel Perkins. 1834. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. Samuel Perkins. 183^. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. Samuel Perkins. John H. Thompson. George Rogers. Joshua Haskell. 1837. John H. Thompson. George Rogers. Joshua Haskell. 1838. George Rogers. Joshua Haskell. David Soribner. 1839. Nathaniel Green. David Scribner. Benjamin Thompson. 1840. Nathaniel Green. David Scribner. Benjamin Thompson. 1841. David Scribner. Benjamin Thompson. Alvah Jameson. 184». Nathaniel Green. Josiah Sandford. Francis T. Purinton. 1843. Nathaniel Green. Josiah Sandford. F. T. Purinton. 1844. Nathaniel Green. Francis T. Purinton. Matthew Patten. 1S4S. Alvah Jameson. George Rogers. Benjamin Thompson. 1846. Alvah Jameson. George Rogers. Uriah Jack. 1847. Alvah Jameson. George Rogers. Uriah Jack. 1848. George Rogers. Uriah Jack. John H. Thompson. 1849. George Rogers. Uriah Jack. Charles E. "White. APPENDIX YII. 929 1850.] George Rogers. Caleb Killgore. John H. Alexander. 1861. George Rogers. Caleb Killgore. John H. Alexander. 1853. George Rogers. Caleb Killgore. John Alexander. 1853. William Dennett. Caleb Killgore. Humphrey P. Mallett. 1854. William Dennett. Humphrey P. Mallett. Holman Staples. William Dennett. George Rogers. Aaron Hinkley. 1856. George Rogers. John H. Thompson. Robert Tate. i85r. George JJogers. Joshua Haskell. Robert Tate. 1858. Humphrey P Mallett. Joshua Haskell. Holman Staples. 1859. George Rogers. Fred W. Dearborn. Charles T. Patten. 186p. H. P. Mallett. Francis Adams. Given Jameson. 1861. H. P Mallett. Francis Adams. Given Jameson. 69 1863. Humphrey P. Mallett. George A. Rogers. Charles W. Purinton. 1863. H. P. Mallett. Given Jamtson. David Work. 1864. H. P. Mallett. Given Jameson. David Work. 1865. H. P. Mallett. Given Jameson. David Work. 1866. H. P. Mallett. Given Jameson. David Work. 1867. Francis Adams. Given Jameson. George A. Rogers. 1868. Francis Adams. George A. Rogers. Joseph H. Purington. 1869. Francis Adams. George A. Rogers. Joseph H. Purington. 1870. George A. Rogers. William E. Graves. Joseph H. Purington. 1871. George A. Rogers. William E. Graves. Joseph H. Purington. 1878. William Flye. David Work Charles W. Purinton. 1873. David Work. Charles W. Purinton. Joseph H. Purington. 930 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 18 r4. George A. Rogers. Charles W. Piirjnton. Isaac E. Mallett. isrs. Charles W. Parinton. Isaac E. Mallett" Charles E. HaskeU. 1876. Isaac E. Mallett. Charles W. Puriuton. Frederick W. Dearborn. isrr. Charles W. Puriaton. Isaac E. Mallett. Frederick W. Dearborn. Town Clerks of Topsham. James T. Adams, 1861. James Barron, 1864. Bela T. Bicknell, 1842, 1843. William Dennett, 1836, 1837. Alfred W. Dennett, 1874. Obadiah B. Frost, 1838, 1889. Kobert Gower, from 1767 to 1772. Nathaniel Green, 1840. John Hunter, 1773, 1774, 1775. Eobert Hunter, from 1776 to 1793. Benjamin Jaques, from 1865 to 1870. Gonld Jewell, 1841. F. T. Littlefleld, 1861, Abel Merrill, 1819. John Morse, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806. Benjamin Jones Porter, 1794, 1795, 1796. Abner "W. Purington, 1856, 1862, 1863. John Rogers, 1797, 1798. George Rogers, from 1813 to 1818. Thomas E Sandford, 1812 Ezra Smith, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802. John H. Thompson, from 1829 to 1835, and 1852, 1853, 1854, 1859. William Thorne, 1764, 1766. Nathaniel Walker, from 1820 to 1828. Charles E. White, from 1843 to 1849, and 1857, 1858, 1871, 1876, 1877. Robert P. Whitney, 1850, 1851, 1860. Henry Wilson, from 1807 to 1811. L. M. Work, 1855. Charles W. Wilson, 1872, 1873, 1875. Selectmen ge Haepswell. irss. David Curtis. Isaac Hall. Andrew Dunning. 1759. David Curtis. Andrew Dunning. Paul Raymond. ireo. Edward Easters. Jonathan Flint. Andrew Dunning. Paul Raymond. Isaac Snow. irei. Jonathan Flint. Paul Raymond. Walter Merriman. lyea. Jonathan Flint. Walter Merriman. James Booker. 1763. Capt. William Sylvester. Lieut Joshua Berstow. Paul Raymond. 1764. Andrew Dunning. Nehemiah Curtis. Paul Raymond. 1765. Paul Raymond. Nehemiah Curtis. John Roduck. 1766. Nehemiah Cbrtis. John Roduck Nathaniel Purinton. 1767. Nathaniel Purinton. Nehemiah Curtis. John Roduck. APPENDIX. VII. 931 William Sylvester, Esq. Edward Cuniugham. Nathaniel Puriuton. 1769. ■VVilliain Sylvester, Esq. Edward Cuniugham. Nathaniel Purinton. 1770. Paul Raymond. Capt. John Stover. Ezekiel Curtis. irri. William Sylvester. Ezekiel Curtis. Paul Raymond. 1778. William Sylvester. Ezekiel Curtis. Isaac Snow. 1773. William Sylvester. Isaac Snow. Ezekiel Curtis. 1774. William Sylvester. John Snow. Ezekiel Curtis. 1775. Lieut. John Roduck. Anthony Coombs, Jr. William Sylvester. 1770. yilliam Sylvester, Esq. Lieut. John Roduck. Ensign Anthony Coombs, Jr. 1777. William Sylvester, Esq. John Roduck. /inthony Coombs, Jr. William Sylvester, Esq. Nathaniel Purinton, Esq. Capt. Nehemlah Curtis. 1779. William Sylvester, Esq. John Roduck. Simeon Hopkins. 1780. John Roduck. Nathaniel Purinton, Esq. Ezekiel Curtis. 1781. John Roduck. Lieut. Benj. Duning. Dea. Isaac Snow. 1788. Capt. Isaac Snow. John Roduck. Lieut. Beuj, Duning. 1783. William Sylvester. John Roduck. Nathaniel Purinton. 1784. John Roduck. Nathaniel Purinton. Ezekiel Curtis. 1785. John Roduck. Nathaniel Purinton. Ezekiel Curtis. 1786. Nathaniel Purinton. John Roduck. Ezekiel Curtis. 1787. Nathaniel Purinton. John Roduck. Ezekiel Curtis. 1788. John Roduck. Ezekiel Curtis. Anthony Coombs. 1789. John Roduck. Anthony Coombs. Ezekiel Curtis. 1790. Isaac Snow. Daniel Randall. Ezekiel Curtis. 1791. Johnson Stover. Jahn Rodick. Stephen Purinton. 932 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELL. 1792. Johnson Stover. John Hodick. Isaac Snow. 1793. John Eodick. Ezekiel Curtis. Stephen Pnrinton. 1794. Joseph Carr. Johnson Stover. Capt. Nehemiah Curtis. 1795. John Eodick. Ezekiel Curtis. Lieut. Anthony Coombs. 1796. John Eodick. Ezekiel Curtis. Lieut. Anthony Coombs. 1797. Samuel Snovf. John Rodick. Marlborough Sylvester. 1798. Samuel Snow. John Eodick. Marlborough Sylvester. 1799. John Rodick. Marlborough Sylvester. Charles Ryan. 1800. Paul Randall. Marlborough Sylvester. Anthony Coombs. 1801. Anthony Coombs. . Marlborough Sylvester. Capt. Nehemiah Curtis. 1808. Anthony Coombs. Marlborough Sylvester. John Rodick. 1§03. Capt. Samuel Snow. Marlborough Sylvester. PaurCurtis. 1804. Marlborough Sylvester. John Snow, Jr. Johnson Stover. 180S. John Snow. Jr. Marlborough Sylvester. Capt. Johnson Stover. 1806. Marlborough Sylvester. Capt. Johnson Stover. Capt. John Snow. Harrison Cleaves. Marlborough Sylvester. Paul Raymond. Marlborough Sylvester. Aloot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymond. 1S09. John Curtis. Alcot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymond. 1810. John Curtis. Alcot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymond. 1811. John Curtis. Paul Raymond. Alcot Stover, Jr. 1818. John Curtis. Alcot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymond. 1813. John Curtis. Stephen Snow. Alcot Stover, Jr. 1814. John Curtis. Alcot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymond. Marlborough Sylvester. Alcot Stover, Jr. Anthony Coombs. APPENDIX 711. 933 1816. Alcot stover, Jr. John Curtis. Paul Eaymond. 1817. John Curtis. Alcot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymond. Benjamin Randall. John Pennell. Paul Raymond. 1819. John Curtis. Benjamin Randall. Paul Raymond. 1830. George Skolfleld. Henjamin Randall. Stephen Merritt. 1831. Paul Raymond. John Curtis. Capt. Peleg Curtis'. 1832. John Curtis. Paul Raymond. Benjamin Randall. 1833. Isaac Sylvester. Benjamin Randall. Paul Raymond. 1834. Isaac Sylvester. Samuel Toothaker. Capt. Peleg Curtis. 1835. Peleg Curtis. Isaac Sylvester. Samuel Toothaker 1836. Samuel ToothakeE Paul Randall. Peleg Curtis. 1837. ' Sylvester Stover. Paul Randall. Samuel Toothaker, 18 3 s. Benjamin Randall. Samuel Toothaker. James Meryman, 3d. James Meryman, 3d. Benjamin Randall. Samuel Toothaker. 1830. James Eastman. James Meryman, 3d. Benjamin Randall. 1831. Peleg Curtis. James Meryman, 3d. Simeon Orr. 1833. Paul Randall. John Stover. Simeon Orr. 1833. Paul Randall. Benjamin Randall. Samuel Toothaker. 1834. Peleg Curtis. James Meryman, 3d. Samuel Toothaker. 1835. Isaac Stover. Paul Randall. Stephen Snow. 1836. Isaac Stover. Paul Randall. Samuel Toothaker. 1837. Isaac Stover. Paul Randall. James Eastman. 1838. Benjamin Randall. Thomas Alexander. James Eastman. 1839. Thomas Alexander. William Randall. Simeon Orr. 934 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND BARPSWELI. 1840. Washington Garcelon. Thomas Alexander. Simeon Orr. 1841. Benjamin Eandall. James Merymau, 3d. Simeon Orr. 184a. Paul Randall. Isaac Stover. Samuel Toothaker. 1843. Paul Randall. Isaac Stover. Samuel Toothaker. 1844. Paul Eandall. Harry C. Martin. Simeon Hopkins. 1845. Isaiah Snow. Paul Randall. Washington Garcelon. 1846. Alcot Stover. Robert Pennell. Robert Stover. 1847. Isaiah Snow. Alcot Stover. Robert Pennell. isis. Isaiah Snow. Robert Pennell. James Stover. 1849. James Stover. Isaiah Snow. Robert Pennell. 1850. Robert Pennell. James Stover. Isaiah Snow. 1851. James Stover. Isaiah Snow. Robert Pennell. 1858. Robert Pennell. Isaiah Snow. James Stover. 185.3. Thomas U. Eaton. Simeon Hopkins. David Webber. 1854. Thos. U. Eaton. David Webber. Simeon Hopkins. 1855. Thos. U. Eaton. David Webber. Isaiah Snow., 1856. Thos. U. Eaton. Alcot S. Merryman. Alexander Ewing. i85r. Henry Barnes. Lemuel H. Stover. Alexander Ewing. 1858. Henry Barnes. Lemuel H. Stover. Alexander Ewing. 1859. Thos. TJ. Eaton. Wm. Randall. Joseph Orr. 18fiO. Thos. U. Eaton. Wm. Randall. Joseph Orr. 1S61. William Randall. Paul A. Durgan. Isaiah Snow. 1862. Isaiah Snow. Hutson Merriman. David Webber. 1863. Geo. R. Skolfleld. Lemuel H. Stover. Joseph D. Wyer. APPENDIX Vll. 935 1864. Lemuel H. Stover. Wm. C. Eaton. Samuel S. Toothaker. 180S. Wm. C. Eaton. L. H. Stover. Samuel S. Toothaker. 1866. Thos. Pennell. E. C. Simpson. Stephen Purinton. 1867. L. H. Stover. William C. Eaton. Charles E. Trufant. 1868. William C. Eaton. L. H. Stover. Francis J. Orr. 1869. L. H. Stover. William C. Eaton. S. S. Toothaker. 1870. Isaac Merryman, 2d. Sylvester Stover. S. S. Toothaker. 1871. David Pennell. L. H. Stover. S. S. Toothaker. 1873. James Alexander. E K. Hodgkins. S. S. Toothaker. 1873. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Moses Bailey. S. S. Toothaker. l'-74. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Moses Bailey Samuel S. Toothaker. 1875. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Moses Bailey. Charles E. Trufant. 1876. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Elijah K. Hodgkins. Charles E. Trufant. 1877. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Elijah K. Hodgkins. Charles E. Trufant. Town Clerks op Harpswell. Anthony Coombs, Jr , 1783, 1793. Andrew Dunning, from 1758 to 1782. Andrew Dunning, from 1814 to 1820. Benjamin Dunning, 1791, 1792. William Dunning, Jr , from 1800 to 1811. Joseph Eaton, from 1821 to 1825 Thomas U. Eaton, from 1853 to 1857, and in 1859, 1860 Washington Garcelon, 1844, 1845. James Meryman, 3d, 1833, 1834, 1835. Robert Pennell, from 1846 to 1852. Paul Kandall, from 1826 to 1832 (supply James Meryman, q.v ), and from 1836 to 1843. Elisha S. Stover, 1863, 1864, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1877. Lemuel H. Stover, 1858, 1861, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871. Sylvester Stover, 1862, 1866. Marlborough Sylvester, from to 1799, and in 1813. William Sylvester, from 1784 1790. 1865, 1876, 1867, 1794 to GENERAL INDEX. Abagadusset Point, 3, 27, 28, 82. Abagadusset Eiver, 3, 21, 76, 82. Abenaki, The, 1, 3. Aboriginal Inhabitants, 1-6. Academical Institutions, 475-7, 486-7, 496-7. Accidents at Mills, etc., 318. Accidents by Stage, 325. Accidents, Curious, 208. Accidents, Fatal, 229, 316-19. Accidents from Lightning, 317. Account-Book of Elisha Eaton, Docu- ment from the, 443-4. Account-Books. See Day-Books. Account of the Settlements made on Wharton's Lands, 19-21. Account of a Barge ordered off from Bailey's Island, 695. Acts of Annexation, 109, 156-8. Act of Incorporation, 36, 38, 84, 85 ; of Brunswick, 106-7, 150. Act of Incorporation of Harpswell,161-2. Act of Incorporation of Topsham, 182-3. Actions at Law, 10. Adams Hall, Bowdoin College, 518. Address to Senators, 141. Adventures of Molly Phinney, 67-8. Advocate of Freedom, The, 308. Agreement of the Continental Congress, 122-3. Agriculture, 215. Agricultural and Mechanical Association, The, 238-9. Ah-me-lah-cog-ne'tuT-cook, 4. Alder, 99. Alewife, 94. Amasaquanteg, 4. Amascongan, 4. Amazonian Spar, 97. Amitigonpontook, 4, , Ammunition, Town Stocks of, 119, 121, 124, 167, 173, 184, 189,695. Amphibians, 92-3. Amphibite, 98. Amusements, 206-7, 222-5. Analytical Laboratory, Bowdoin College, 518, Anasagunticook, The, 1, 4. Anconganunticook, 4. Androscoggin Bank, The, 616. Androscoggin Bridge, The, 80, 548. Androscoggin Falls, The, 14, 107, 554. Androscoggin Fire Company, 275-6. Androscoggin Fire-Engine No. 2, 231, 275. Androscoggin Free Press, The, 307. Androscoggin Indians, 2, 49, 50, 52, Androscoggin River, The, 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 13, 30, 52, 58, 75-8, 82, 83, 94, 96, 107, 110, 132, 133, 187. Anecdotes, 88-9, 212-13, 219, 221, 223, 241, 299, 320, 365-6, 372, 385-6. Annexation, 115, 117, 132, 183-4, 187-8. Antislavery Society, 233. Apatite, 97. Apothecaries, 587. Appleton Hall, Bowdoin College, 518. Appropriations for the War of the Eebel- lion; in Brunswick, 696, 700; in Harpswell,702-5; in Topsham, 700-2. Arbor- Vitaj, 99. Areas, 25, 28, 30, 43, 75, 104. Arnold's Men quartered in Brunswick, 683. Arockamecook, 4. Aroostook, 91. Arundel, 11, 34. Ash, 99. Ash Cove, 87. Assistant to the Government, 18. Associations, 233, 238, 256, 372. Atkins Bay, 7, 13, 14. Attack upon the Indians, Harmon s, 55 Attack upon Mr. Wilson by Gen. Thompson et ah., 680. Attack upon a Picaroon at Harpswell, 685. Auctioneers, 577. Augpsta, 75. Aurora, 101. Autographs, Fac-Similes of, 632, 748. Bagaduce Expedition, Order to raise a Regiment for the, etc., 686. Bagadusset, 3. Bailey's Island, 75, 84-7 Bakers, 577-8, 611, 619. Bald Rock, 83. 938 GENERAL INDEX. Balls, 231. Bandbox Manufactory, 568. Band, Brunswick Brass, 246. Banks, 575-7. Bank Street, 539. Baptisms, 368, 370-1, 405, 424, 426, 432, 442-3, 446. Baptist Societies, 377-388. Baptist Church, Brunswick, 380 ; Harps- weU,384; Federal Street, 384; Tops- ham, Predestinarian, 421 ; Church Society, Topsham, 423-6. Baptist Church and Society, Brunswick, Maine Street, 387-8 ; Second, 383. Baptist Church and Society, Harpswell, First, 446-7 ; Second, 447-9. Baptist Preaching in Brunswick, The first, 377-8; in Topsham, 419; in Harpswell, 446. Baptist Eeligions Society in Brunswick, Harpswell, and Bath, 378. Baptist Religious Society of Brunswick, 382, 383 ; of Topsham, 420-3. Baptist Society, at Maquoit, 379 ; in Brunswick, First, 381, 383 ; Second, 383, 386; Federal Street, 386-7; in Topsham 411, 419-23. Baptist Societies, Differences between, 383. Baptist Societies, Separation from, 423. Barbers, 578. Barne's Island, 87. Barometrical Statistics, 101. Bass-Viol in Church, 389. Bath, 69, 75, 76, 84, 144. Bath, Maine Enquirer, 3!0. Bath Street, 539. Baxter's Island, 42, 81. Bay Bridge, 81, 322. Bear Bay, 5. Bear Place, 5. Bears, 88-9, 220. Bears, Anecdote about, 89. Beaver, 88. Beech, 99. Beech Island, 78, 85. Beef for the Army, 129, 185-6, 686-7. BeU, The First Church, 145, 371; other Bells, 373. Berwick, 57. Beryl, 97. Bible of Rev. Robert Dunlap, 670. Bight, The, 11. Bill for Repairs upon East Meeting- Honse, 593. Biographies, 709. Biolite, 97. Birch, 99. Birch Island, 75, 87. Birds, 90-2. Bishopscotte, The Riyer, 9, Bismuthenite, 98. Bisou Teeth, 96. Blackfish, Capture of, 93-4. Black Point, 2. Blacksmiths, 578-9, 611, 619-20. Blank Book of Samuel Adams, 671-2. Block Houses, 57, 69, 633-5, 651-2, 662. Blneflsh, 94. Boat-Builders, 579, 620. Boody Street, 539. Bookbinders, 579. Bookstores, 587. Booms, 563. Boom, Androscoggin, 563; carried off by Freshet, 564. Boot and Shoe Dealers, 587. Boot and Shoe Makers, 579, 612, 620. Bolt to mark the Beginning of Lots and Roads in Brunswick, 537. Bomazeen Island, 56, 87, 89. Boston, 19, 31, 32, 39, 44, 47, 48,119, 121, 125, 128, 134, 187. Bottle-Basket, 671. Boundaries, 23-4, 75, 106-7, 119, 126, 144, 155, 180, 184. Bounties, 126, 169, 170, 696-7, 698-700, 700-2, 702-5. Bow Street, 51, 539. Bowdoin, 26, 75-6, 144, 202. Bowdoinham, 25, 35, 44, 75-6, 82, 184, 188. Bowdoin College, Act in Regard to, 510- 12. Athenian Society of, 505-6. Benevolent Society of, 507. Buildings of, 501, 504, 508-9, 513. Caluvian Society of, 507. Colored Graduates of, 510. Decision of Court in Regard to, 511-12. Donations to, 500, 509. Effect of Act of Separation on, 507-8, 510-12. Fire in, 509. First Commencement at, 503-4. Graduates of, 517. ' Inaugurations at, 502, 505. Incorporation of, 499. Land Grants to, 499, 500. . Libraries of, 517'. Museum of, 97. Overseers of, 499, 500-1, 508. Petitions for, 498 Peucinian Society of, 501, reote,503. Picture Gallery of, 517. Presidents of, 501-2, 504-5, 507, 513. Professors of, 502-3, 506-7, 509- 10, 513-15. Secret Societies of, 518. Site of, 501. Suit of President of, 511-12. Trustees of, 499, 500, 508. Bowdoin, Death of Governor, 506, Boyle's Point, 86. GEXEBAL INDEX. 939 Bradley's Pond, 76. Biaining's Ledge, 87. Bream, 94. Brick Clay, Deposit of, 96. Brick Yards, 80, 568, 609, 620. Bridges, 201, 548-51. Bridges burnt, 261, 266, 269, 550. Bridge Company, The Androscoggin,549. Bridge across the Granny-Hole Stream, 550. across the New Meadows, 550. Turnpike, across the New Mead- ows, 550. Railroad, across the New Mead- ows, 550-1. across Gravel Island Gully, 551. across Gully in Winter Street, 551. across Ravine in Bow Street, 551. Androscoggin, 548-50. Androscoggin Railroad, 551. at Stone's Brook, 551. Bay, 550. between Great and Orr's Islands, 550. Bull Rock, 550. The First, 548. The Free, 550-1. The Gurnet, 548. near Village Burying-Ground in Topsham, 551. on Federal Street, 551. over the Cathance, 548. Shad Island, 550. Brimstone Hill, 77. Brook in Brunswick Village, An old, 32. Brook Trout, 94. Brunswick Academy, 475-6. and Topsham Rifle Co., 692-3. a Township, 104. Bank, The, 575. Cotton Manufacturing Co., 564. Divided into recruiting Districts, 687. Factory Company, 565-6. FaUs, i, 5, 14,25, 77, 81, 88. Inhabitants of, 33. in War of the Rebellion, 696-700. Journal, 307-8. Light Infantry, 692. Militia Companies, 692-3. named, 104. represented in Provincial Con- gress, 122. Savings Institution, The, 576. Selectmen of, 33. See Appendix. Telegraph, 309-10. under the Commonwealth, 104-43. under the State of Maine, 143. Village Corporation, 274. Brunswicker, The, 309. Building Sites overflowed, 96. BuU-Head, 94. Bull Rock, 84, 550. Bungauunganock (or Bunganock), 4, 5, 37, 83, 106-7, 155. Burglaries in Topsham, 286. Burial alive, 680. Burial Expenses of Elisha Eaton, 437. Burial delayed by a Storm, 62-3. Bunial-Places, 339-351. Indian, 351. Burial-Place in Brun.swick, oldest, 339. in Topsham, oldest, 347. others. See Graveyards. Burials, 209. Burkett's Commentary on New Testa- ment, 670. Burning, Deaths by, 317. Burnt Place, The, 5. Burying-Ground in Harpswell fenced, 166. Batchers, 579, 611-12. By-Laws of Towns, 146, 200, 202. C. Cabinet-Makers, 579-80, 612. Cabot Manufacturing Company, 566. Calcite, 98. Calves, 220. Calls to settle in the Ministry in Bruns- wick, 354-5, 358, 362-5, 370-2, 374, 381, 385, 387, 389, 390, 396; in Topsham, 407-9, 416, 420-9, 431-3 ; in Harpswell, 436-7, 444^8, 453. Canada, 62-4, 68, 70. Canada Lynx, 90. Canals, 132-3, 188, 555. Canal between Merrymeeting Bay and N. Meadows, 555. Canal from the Androscoggin to Maquoit, 555. Canceau, Attempt to seize the, 681-3. Candlestick, A Wooden, 671. Canibas, The, 1. Canton Point, 4, 53. Cannon of Topsham Artillery, 691. Cape Cod, 205. Cape Elizabeth, 52. Cape Small Point, 7. Captain Adams Place, The, 82. Captives, 65, 67-8, 70, 679, 694. Caravans, 223-5. Caribou, 90. Carpenters and Joiners, 580-1, 612, 620. Carpets, 216. Carpet Making, 568-9. Carriage-Makers, 580, 612. Carrying-Places, 6, 11, 45, 188. Cars, etc., burnt, 262, 264. Carts, 216. Casco, 17, 52. Casco Bav, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 45, 75, 77, 83', 95, 101, 104. Catalogue of Bowdoin College, 306. Cathance Mill, 35. Cathance Point, 35, 81, 183-4, 187. 940 GBNEHAL INDEX. Cathance Fond, 6, 76. Cathance River, 5, 6, 21, 25, 28, 35-6, 43-4, 60, 76-7, 81-2, 97-8, 201. Catholic Society, The Roman, 405. Cavalry Company, 693. Cedar, 99. Cedar Ledges, 86. Cedar Street, 540. Celebrations, 227-233. Celebration of the Battles of Concord and Lexington, 233. Formation of Baptist Chnrch, Topsham, 426. Fourth of July, 228-30. Inauguration of Jackson, 229. laying of the Atlantic Cable, 232. Memorial Day, 233. Temperance Societies, 229-30. Washington's Birthday, 232. Census of Brunswick, 599 ; of Harps- well, 623-4; of Topsham, 617. Center Point, 82. Centre Street, 540. Chair-Makers, 580. Chaises, 215. Charitable Associations, 239-42. Chaudiere River, 62. Cherry, 99. , Chickadee, 92. Chlorite, 98. Cholera, 314. Cholera Infantum, 314. Chub, 94. Christian Chnrch in Brnnsvfick and Freeport, 388-9. Christening Basin, 670. Church Choirs, 214. Church, Confession in, 368. Church Covenant, 368, 372, 389, 392, 410, 433-34. Church Councils, 359-60, 366, 370, 372, 386, 390,416, 418, 425, 429, 431, 436. Church Creed, 372. Church, Difficulties in the, 368-70, 384. Church Government, Paper concerning, 367; Foi-m of 367, 369, 407. Church Library, 372. Church Members of First Parish Bruns- wick, 366, 375-7 ; of Baptist Re- ligious Society in Bath, Harps- well, and Brunswick, 378-9. of First Baptist, of Brunswick, 380. of Second ' " " 386. of Maine Street Baptist, of Bruns- wick, 387. of Baptist Religions Society, Tops- ham, 420-1. of Baptist Church Society, Tops- ham, 423. of First Baptist Chnrch and Soci- ety, Harpswell, 446. of Second Baptist Church antl Society, Harpswell, 447, Church Members of Catholic Society, Brunswick, 405. of Congregational Society, Tops- sham, 411, 415. of First Free-Will Baptist Society, Brunswick, 388. of Free Baptist Society ,Brnnswick, 390 of Methodist Society, Brunswick, 400. of Methodist Society, Harpswell, 454. of Unitarian Society,Topsham,434. of First Free-Will Baptist Society, Harpswell, 449. of Second Free-Will Baptist Socie- ty, Harpswell, 449. Church, Votes of the, 367-8, 370, 382. Cisterns, 274. City Charter, 153, 236. Clams, 93. Clapboard Manufactory, 560. Clarke's Island, 87. Clay Land Falls, 4. Cleaveland's Cabinet, Bowdoin College, ■ 517. Cleaveland's Meteorological Record, 99- 101. Cleaveland Street, 539. Climatic, etc., 99-103. Clock, Watch, and Jewelry Establish- ments, 569-70. Coasting, 215. Cobb's Quarry, 97-8. Cobbasecontee Pond, 36. Cochran's Adventure, 56. Cod, 94. Coins, Collection of, 670. College burnt, 258, 260. College Street, 540. Colonel Thompson ordered to Brunswick, etc., 684. Columbite, 97-8. Commercial Historv of Brunswick, 552, 602; of Harpswell, 618-24; of Tops- ham, 603-17. Commissioners, 13, 17, 52, 56, 112, 113, 118. Commissioners' Court, 283. Commission of Adam Hunter, 65-6. Commission of Robert Patten, 685. Committee of Correspondence, Safety, etc., 123-7, 129, 168-71, 173, 184-7, 676, 684, 689. Committee on Land Claims, 22, 36. Commons Hall, 102, 516. Commons, Deed of Town, 522-4. Commons, Reports of Committee on Town, 525-7. Commons, Survey of Town, 525 Commons, The Town, 30, 1150, I, 11.5, 126-7, 131-2, 134, 13-8,1 149,3-421, 521-7. GENERAL INDEX. 941 Communication to Town from Rev. Mr. Dunlap, 361-2. Communion Service presented to Bap- tist Church Society, Topsham, 425. Complaint of Sam'l Boone, with Keturn and Judgment, 278-9. Complaint of Town against Isaac Snow, 279-80. Complaint for breaking open Jail, 282. Compressed-Air Company, 274, 567. Compressed-Air Power, 567. Concerts, 224. Concord, 127. Condy's Harbor, 47, 87, 687-9. Condy's Point, 6, 86. Conference-Room of First Parish, Bruns- wick, 642. Congregational Church, Topsham, 410- 19 ; Harpswell, 436. Congress, Proceedings of, 122, 123. Constables, 18. Constitution of Maine, 143 ; Vote on the, 170, 185, 200. Constitution of the II. S., Acceptance of, 132, 171. Consumption, Pulmonary, 314. Controversy between Pejepscot and Ken- nebec Companies, 23-6. Convictions for Manslaughter, etc., 283, 285, 286, 287. Cooking, Former Mode of, 221. Cook's Corner, 84. Coot, The, 92. Copper Pyrites, 98. Cordwainers, 581. Cotton, Price of, 219. Council of Plymouth, 7, 10, 12, 24. Counterfeit Money, 127, 171-2. Counties, Division of, etc., 119, 132,143- 4, 149, 154, 171-6, 187, 189, 200-1, 203. Comity Court established, 282. Course of Rivers, 76. Courts, 189, 199, 200- Courts and Trials, 277-87. Court at Topsham, The first, 283. Court House, 190, 199, 228, 656-7 ; at Topsham built, 283; sold, 286; burnt, 269. Court, A Military, 283. Court, Municipal, Brunswick, 286. Court of Common Pleas for Liifcoln County, 283. Court Records, 278-9. Court, Regulations of the earliest, 277. Cow Island, 81, 93, 184. Crabs, 93. Crimes and Criminals, 277-87. Crops, 98-9, 220-1. Crow Island, 87. Crows, 91, 164, 172, 190. Crustaceans, 93. Cuckoo, 91. Cultivation of Soil, 98-9. Cumberland County set off, 282. Cunuer, 94. Cuprite, 98. Cushing Street, 540, 545. .Cusk, 94. D. Daguerrean Artists, 581. Uamariscotta, 58. Damariscove Island, 85. Dams, 553-4, 603. Dam, The Upper, 553 ; The Long, 553 ; The Gulf, 553-4; Tlie Middle, 554; The Factory, 554. Dancing Schools, 222. Dangerous Places to bathe, 317. Danville, 26, 144. Day-Bookof James Booker, Extract from the, 622-3. Day-Book of Jotham Stone, Extracts from the, 593-4. Deacons, a List of, 375. Dedication of Meeting-Houses, 372-3, 396, 432, 453-4, 642-5. Deeds, 34, 37, 39, 42, 44-5, 48, 76, 81, 126-7, 131, 522-4. Deep Cut, 77. Deer, 90. Delegates, 121, 123, 132, 134, 143, 171, 173, 187, 189, 196, 199. Dentists, 581 Depositions, 46, 147, 553, 651. Depot burnt, 262, 26^, 265. Derrick Manufactory, 609. Devil's Rock, 78. Diary, Extract from Mr. Baxter's, 353. Dimensions of Log-Houses, 44. Diseases, 311,314-16. Dismissals and Resignations from the Ministry, 360, 364-5, 372, 381, 384-5, 389, 412, 417, 423, 431. Distances, 75-6. Division of the Town, 146. Dog, as a Mail Carrier, A, 69. Dogs in Meeting, 213-14, 220. Dollar of Capt. Dunlap, The first Silver, 670. Dollars, First Mention of, 120. Dolphins, Capture of, 93-4. Dorchester, England, 8. Dorchester, Mass., 20, 39, 48. Double dating of Records, 115. Dove, The, 91. Dover, 19. Drain, The, 603. Dresden, 18. Dress, 205, 218. Drinks, Spirituous, 221-2. Drowning, Deaths by, 316-17. Dry-Goods Dealers, 587-8. Ducks, 92. Ducking-Stools, 281. 942 GENEKAL INDEX. Duck Water Place, The, 5. Dunlap Street, 540. Dunning Street, 540. Durham, 26, 42, 75, 134, 144. Durham Road, 82. Dysentery, Epidemic, 314. E. Eagle Factory, The, 321. Eagle Island, 86. Eagle, The Golden, 90. Eagle, The White-headed, 92. Early Conditions and Circumstances, 205-6. Early Preaching in Brunswick, 352-4; in Harpswell, 436 ; in Topsham, 406. Early Provision for Public Worship, 352- 4. Earthquakes, 103. Easterly Line of Massachusetts, 10. East Brunswick Church, 384. Eastern Baptist, The, 308. Eastern Bay, 1 1 . Eastern County, 51. Eaton Brook, 82. Eaton Claim, 16. Ecclesiastical History of Brunswick,.352- 405; of Harpswell, 436-455 ; of Tops- ham, 406-435. Educational History of Brunswick, 456- 81 ; of Harpswell, 493-7 ; of Tops- ham, 482-92. Education of early Settlers, 456. Egg Island, 155. Eider Duck, The, 90. Elders, Ruling, 370. Elegy, An, 228. Eleutheria, 19. Elliot Street, 540. Elm, 99. Elm Island, 86. Elm Street, 540. Embargo, The, 97. Emerald, The, 97. Engine Hall, 301. Enlistment, Encouragement of, 53, 130, 189, 689-90, 696-9, 700-2, 702-5. Enlistment at Harpswell, 686. Entertainments, 223-5. Epidite, 98. Episcopal Church, 402-5. Episcopal Services in Brunswick, 402-3 ; in Topsham, 435. Episcopalians in Harpswell, 436. Epitaphs, 340-51. Epitaph on President Appleton, 344 ; on Prof. Cleaveland, 345 ; on Ex- Gov. Dunlap, 345-6 ; on Rev. Robert Dunlap, 340; on Deacon Andrew Dunning, 350 ; on Andrew Dun- ning, 340 ; on Benj. Dunning, 35f ; on Rev. Elisha Eaton, 349 ; on Rev. Saml Eaton, 350; on Mrs. Eaton, 350; on Dr. Hoyt, 347; on Rev. Chas. Johnson, 348-9 ; on Elder Geo. Lamb, 341 ; on Wm. McNess, 350 ; on Sam'l Moody, 340 ; on Lt. James Purinton, 348 ; on Rev. Oliver Quinby, 349 ; on Col. Reed, 347-8 ; on Prof. Wm. Smythj 345 ; on Prof. T. C. Upham, 345. Escritoire, The, 307. Eulogy on Washington, 228. Everett Street, 540. Excursions, 245. Exhibitions, Public, 223-5. Expeditions, 52. Expedition, Church's, 51. Expedition, Harmon's, 54-5. Express Companies, 338. Factory, The Brunswick Cotton, 564 ; Maine Cotton and Woollen, 564-5 ; Eagle, 565 ; Brunswick, 565-6 ; Wa- rumbo, 566 ; Cabot, 566-7 ; Bruns- wick Woollen, 567 ; Warp Yarn, 567 ; Match, 571. Factories, 564-7, 608. Factory Dam, The, 78. Fairs, 238-9. Falls, Height of, 78: Falmouth, 57-8, 60, 67, 101, 118-19, 121, 132, 155, 167, 187. Falstafe Inn, 229. Families of Soldiers, Provisions for, 685. Familv Pioneer and Juvenile Key, The, 308. Farming, 220, 552. Farmington, 209. Farms, 98. Fasting, Day of, 369. Fauna, 88-94. Federal Street, 89, 145, 540. Feldspar, 95, 97. F'eldspar Mill, 609. Ferries, 188, KOie, 546-8 ; Brown's, 546; Peterson's, 546 ; Mustard's, 546 ; Randall's, 546-7 ; Sanrael Wilson's, 547; Brig. Thompson's, 547. Ferry over Long Reach, 547 ; from In- dian Point to Georgetown, 547-8 second over New Meadows, 548 ; tem- porary, between Topsham and Bruns- wick, 548. Ferry Point, 80-1, 188, 209. Festivals, Masonic, 240. Fevers, Scarlet, Typhoid, and Yellow, 314. Fifth Indian War, 57-65. Finch, The Pine, 91. Fines of Court, 278, 280, 282-3, 285. Finis Lavationis, 735. Fir, The, 99. Fire-Arms, Sale of, 170. GENERAL INDEX. 943 Fire Companies in Brunswick, 271-4 ; in Topsham, 275-6. Fire-Engines, 145, 146, 152, 231, 271-6. Fireplaces, 219. Fires, 51, 54, 143, 242, 257-76. Fires and Fire Companies, 257-76. Fires, Aiil for Sufferers from, 258-9. Fires, a Boj' wanted to set, 259. Fires in Brunswipk, 257-67 ; in Harps- well, 270-6 ; in Topsham, 267-70. Fire-Works, 230-1. First-born Child on Sebascodigan, 18. First Indian War, 49-51. First Fire-Engine in Brunswick, 271 ; in Topsham, 274. First National Bank, The, 576. Fish Act, 132. Fisheries, 8, 13-14, 19, 22, 30, 38, 46-7, 82, 94, 115, 187-8, 211, 552, 618. Fisher's Quarry, 97-8. Fishes, 94. Fish-Hawks, 92. Fish-House Hill, 54, 82. Fishing-Rock Island, 79, 211. Fish- Ways. 94, 603-4. Flagon of Toppan Family, The Silver,670. Flag Island, 85: Flagg's Brick- Yard, 80. Flip, 221. Flora, 99. Floral Procession, 231. Flounder, 94. Flour-Mill, Puriuton's, 608 ; Scribner's, 558. Flying Point, 62, 66-7. Fogs, 101. Food, 221. Footprints in the Rock, 79. Foot-Stove, A, 673. Force Pump, 272, 274. Foreside, The, 76, 98. Forest Church, The, 385. Forester, The, 309. Forts and Garrisons in Brunswick, 625- 35 ; in Topsham, 651-2 ; in Harps- well, 662. Fort Andross, 51-2, 54, 625 ; at Casco, undermined, 52 ; at Pejepscot, 15. Fort George, 32, 35, 38-9, 54, 56-7, 62, 65, 66, 68, 70, 107, 110, 117, 206, 209, 625-33 ; Ruins of, 633 ; Cost of, 627- 9 ; dismantled, 68, 625, 629 ; leased, 68, . 633 ; Petition against dismant- ling of, 629-32. Fort Right, The, 556, 559. Fort, an Indian, 52, 651 ; at Harpswell, 694. Fort Richmond, 57-8. Fort Saint George, 7. Foundries, 570. Fourth Indian War, 53-6. Foxes, 90. Franklin Family School, 239, 487,659-61. Franklin Street, 540. Ereeport, 19, 67, 75, 77, 83, 134, 144. Freeport Road, 90. Free-Will Baptist Societies in Brunswick, 388-91 ; in Harpswell, 449-50 ; in Topsham, 426-9. French and Indian War, 65-70. Freshet Rock, 79. Freshet, The Great, 320-1. Freshets, 187-8, 319-22. Freyer's Island (or Friar's), 81. Friends in Harpswell, 436. Friends, Society of, 388. Frogs, 93. Frost, 101. Frost-Fish, 94. Fulton's Point, 18, 54, 81. Funerals, 208-9. Funerals, Method of conducting, 339. Furniture Store, 588. Furs, Trade in, 552. G. Galenite, 97. Gales, 102. Gardiner, 96. Garnets, 97. Garrison at Maquoit, 633 ; The Dun- ning, 634 ; Tlie Giveen, 634 ; The Gurnet Point, 635 ; The Hinkley, 634; Ham's, 634; McFarland's, 634-5 ; Minot's, 634 ; Skolfield's, 635 ; Spear's, 635 ; James Wilson's, 652; at Foreside, 652; The Gore, 652 ; on Bailey's Island, 662 ; on Orr's Island, 662; on Harpswell Neck, 662. Garrisons, 37, 43, 68-9, 209, 633-5. Gas Manufacture, 570-7. Geese, 47, 92. General and Social, 205-56. General Court of Massachusetts, 10, 17, 21-2, 25, 27, 29, 35, 36, 50, 61, 63, 104, 106, 109, 112, 114-21, 124-5, 128-32, 134, 156, 160, 162, 184-90. Geological Features, 95-6. Georgetown, 39, 112. Gift of God, The, 7. Oilman Avenue, 540. Glaciers, 95. Gneiss, 95. Goat Island, 78, 102. Gohnite, 98. Golden Pipe, 80. Goose Island, 85, 87. Goose Rock, 78, 545. Gore, The, 19. Goslings, The, 85, 87. Granite, 95. Grant of the Province of Laconia, 26. Grant to Purchase and Way, 9. Granny-Hole Bridge, Mill, and Stream, 79-80. 944 GENERAL INDEX. Graveyard at Growstown, 341 ; Harps- well, 349 ; Maquoit, 341 ; New Mead- ows, 341, 346 ; in Topsham Village, 348; of First Parish, Bru]iswick,340 ; of First Parish, Topsham, 347 ; Pine Grove, 341-2. Great Fire, The, 259, 561. Great Island, Harpswell, 5, 11, 44, 75, 84- 7, 93. Great Island, Topsham, 80. Great Jebeag Island, 11, 44. GreatPlague, The, 314. Greene, 26, 88. Green Street, 540. Grosbeaks, 91. Grouse, 90-1. Grove Street, 540. Growstown, 83. Guard left on Bailey's Island in 1812, 694-5. Guide-Boards, 534. Gulf Dam, 79. Gulls, 92. Gun of James Cochran, 671 ; of Thomas Spear, 674. Gun-Houses, 635, 652. Gun-House struck by Lightning, 102. Gunpowder, Appropriation for, 134, 685. Gunsmiths, 581, 620. Gurnet, The, 87. Gurnet Bridge, The, 56, 87. Gyles's Point, 81. H. Hackmatack, 99. Hacks, 338. Haddock, 94. Hail, 101-2. Hake, 94. Halifax, 68. Hallowell, 134, 189. Halls, Public, 204, 292-8, 301. Ham's Hill, 16, 84. Hanover, 85. Harding's Station, 63. Hares, 90. Harness-Makers, 583, 612, 620. Harpswell Academy, 496-97 ; a District, 162; a Precinct, 160; and Bruns- wick Church, 378, 384, 446-7 ; Ban- ner, 310; Church, 378, 384, 446-7; first District Meeting of, 162 ; first Officers of, 162; first Town Meeting of, 169 ; Harbor, 84, 87 ; incorporated, 155; in War of Rebellion, 702-5; Island 5, 98, 245 ; Island Meeting- House, 89 ; Militia Companies, 693 ; Name of, 162; Neck, 5, 17, 18, 41,44, 75, 84, 85, 87, 98; Representation of, 174, 176; under Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 155-73; under State of Maine, 173-9 ; Street, 540. Harraseekit Bay, 101 ; Landing, 77. Hartford, 8, 12. Harvard College Claim, 17, 45. Harwood's Brook, 82. Haskell's Island, 75, 85-6. Hat and Cap Makers, 581-2, 612. Hat-Box of William Woodside, 671. Hawks, 91. Hay Scales, The first, 142, 584, 613. Hay sent to Brunswick, 28. Health, Board(or Committee) of, 175, 315. Hearse purchased, etc., 142, 151, 154, 175, 200, 204. Height of Falls, 78. Hematite, 98. Hemlock, 99. Heron, The Great Blue, 92. Herring, 94. ' High-Bank Brook, 5. High Head, 87. High Street, 540. Highwavs, 196. High W"ind, 322. Hodgkins's Hall, 294, 297. Hoe-Land, 4. Hoeg Lsland, 18. Hogs, 221. Home, A Frontier, 645-6. Horse Blocks, 219-20. Horse-Chestnut, 99. Horse Island, 87. Plospitalities, 315-16. Hostilities. See Settlers, Attacks upon. Hotels, 290-302 See also Taverns. Houses, Old, 219-20, 645-50, 658-60, 667-9. H:ouse, The Alexander, 649 ; Cleaveland, 650; Coffin, 659; Douglass (Wm.), 659 ; Dnnlap, 647-8 ; Dunning, 649 ; Dunning (Andrew), 667-8 ; Eastman (James), 668 ; Estabrook, 648-9; Forsaith, 650; Foster, 659; Frost (Major), 659-60 ; Oilman, 649 ; Goss, 650 ; Jackson, 649 ; Hinkley, 647; Howland (Stock- bridge), 660; Joyce, 650; McKeen, 648; McLellan, 650; Melcher, 648- 9 ; Merrill, 659 ; Old Red, 658 ; Orr (Joseph), 668-9; Page, 650; Palmer. 649-50; Patten (Rachel), 660 ; Pierce, 649 ; Porter, 660 ; Pu- rinton (Collins), 660; Purinton (Na- thaniel) , 668 ; Randall (Paul), 668; Rogers, 659; Sinnett (Michael), 669; Thompson (Charles), 660; Thomp- son (Robert), 646-7; Veazie, 668; Walker, 660 ; Weymouth, 649 ; Wilson (James), 659 ; Wilson (Swanzey), 659. Houses, burnt in Brunswick, 257-67 ; in Harp.swell, 271 ; in Topsham, 267-70. House of Correction, 283. Humphrey's Hall, 297 ; Ship-Yard, 81 ; Steam-Mill, 81. GENERAL INDEX. 945 Hunnewell's Cove, 155. Hunters, 209. Hunter's Island, 81. Hydraulian Fire Company, 272. Hydraulian Fire-Engine, 272. Ice a Sculptor, 96. Uluminations, 232. Incorporation of First Baptist Church and Society, Topsham, 411, 419- 23. Incorporation of Towns. See Act of. Indenture between Purchase and Got. Winthrop, 9. Indian Attacks, 207, 208 ; Deeds, 12-16; Hunting, 52 ; Language, 3 ; Marks, 15 ; Names, 3-5, 84 ; Point, 547 ; Point Landing, 6 ; Eace of Lt. Woodside with, 206-7 ; Relics, 673, 674-5;. Trails, 205; Village, 1, 6; Wars, 2, 37, 43, 49-70, 207. Indians, The, 1-6, 19, 24, 30, 43, 47, 49- 70, 81,.114, 206-7, 209. Inhabitants, First Meeting of, 104 ; Pub- lic Meetings of, 104-5, 108-12. Inns, 190, 229, 230, 290-302. Also see Tarerns. Insane Persons, 201. Insanity, 316. Insects, 92. Installations to the Ministry, 372, 426, 431. Instructions to Eepresentatives, 116, 126. Insurance Company, The Brunswick Mutual Marine, 577; Harpswell Mutual Fire, 621-2. Inventory of taxable Property in 1762, 600-7. Ipswich, 43. Irish, 205. Irish, "Wild," 205. Irony Islands, 87. Iron Pyrites, 97. Island, The, 80. Islands, 42, 44, 46-8, 75, 78, 80-1, 84-7, 121, 132, 145, 183-4, 186-7. Island Street, 541. Jaques's Harbor, 87 ; Island, 86. Jay Point, 53. Jay, The Blue, 91 ; The Canada, 91. Jenny's Island, 86. Joiners, 612. Journal of Capt. GratcheU's March up the Kennebec, 58-60. Juniper, 99. Jurisdiction of Territory, 23, 26 Juvenile Key, The, 308. Juvenile Watchman, The, 309. 60 K. Kennebec Company, 7, 17, 24, 25, 36, 44; Fire-Engine, 273-4; Indians, 52; Journal, 309 ; River, 1,10, 13-14, 18, 24-5, 27, 50-1, 76, 82, 155. Kingfisher, 92. King Philip's War, 18, 49-51. King William's War, 51-2. King Chapel, 77, 513, 518. Kingston, 44. Kittery, 11, 18, 57, 84. Kiver, 94. L. Laconia, Province of, 26. Lake of New Somersett, 76. Lamps and Candles, 221. Land Claims, 17,45, 48; Owners, 865; Sales, 11-12, 19, 21, 23-4, 35, 37, 42, 44, 47. Landing in Brunswick, The, 80. Larches, 99. Lawsuits, 45, 201, 379. Lawyers in the three Towns, 287-9. Lay Exhorters, 370. I^eases, 38, 42, 45, 46. Lectures, 225-7, 245. Lecture on — An Interior World, 225; A General Description of Inverte- brates, 227 ; American History, 226 ; • Astronomy, 226; Common-Sense, 227 ; Education, 226 ; Electricity, 226; Explosions of Steam-Boilers, 226 ; Grahamism, 225 ; Hygiene, . 226 ; Iceland, etc., 227 ; Macchiavelli, 226; Methods of reckoning Time, 227 ; Nationality, 226 ; Natural His- tory, 227 ; Natural History and Fine Arts, 227; Origin, etc., of the In- dians, 226 ; Physiology, 226 ; Popu- lar Education, 226 ; Primary Schools, 226 ; Rags and Paper, 227 ; Read- ing, 226; Steam-Enginery, 226; Storms and Meteorology, 226 ; The Acadians, 227 ; Past, Present, and Future of Maine, 227 ; Relation of Natural History and Religion, 227 ; The Saracens, 226 ; True Enterprise, 226 ; Vegetable Life, 226 ; Walking, 227. Lectures, Antislavery, 233; Temperance, 250. Leda Truncata, 96. Leeds, 26. Lemont Hall, 298. Length of Rivers, 76. Lepidolite, 97. Letters from Aaron Hinkley, 119-20; Isaac Hinkley, 60-61 ; John Miuot, 119; Moses GetcheU, 45-6; Mrs. i Wilson to Thorn, 286 ; Proprietors, 33, 35-6; of Brig. Thompson in 1775, 678-9 ; of Instruction to Larrabee, 946 GENERAL INDEX. 31 ; to Committee of Correspond- ence, Boston, 131 ; to Town of Brnnswick from Mr. Dunlap, 361-2. Lewiston, 4, 25, 26, 75, 144. Lewiston Bridge, The, 95. Libraries, 244. Library of Dr. Woods bnrnt, 266. Lime Qnarry, 571. " Lining ont " the Hymns, 213. Lincoln Fire Clnb, Topsham, 275. Lincoln Street, 242, 541. Ling, 94. Liquor Licenses, 149, 174-5, 177, 202, 254; Traffic, Statement of, 250,597-8. Liqtiors, 221-2 ; Amotint sold and Price of, in 1812, 250, 597-8. Lisbon, 25, 26, 75, 78, 144. List of early Settlers and Land-Owners, 865. Litchfield, 76, 144. Literary Banner, The, 310. Little Birch Island, 86-7. Little Irony Island, 87. Little Eiver, 8, 186. Little Sebascodigan. See Orr's Island. Lizards, 93. Loan to Kennebec E. R. Co., 1 52 ; Protest against the, 152. Lobsters, 93, 175-6. Localities, 78-88. Locomotive, The first, 326. Long Cove, 87 ; Dam, 79 ; Ledge, 86 ; Reach, 87. Lookont Island, 87 ; Point, 86, 87. Loons, 92. Lots, Apportionment of, 28-30, 32, 34- 5 ; Prices of, 31-2, 39. Louisburg, Expedition to, 57-8, 64. Loup Cerviers, 88, 90. Lovewell's War, 6, 53-6. Lover's Lane, 543. Lower Carrying-Place, The, 6. Lumber Business, Statistics of the, 560-2. Lygonia, Province of, 26. Lynn, 12. M. Machines, Planing, 561. Machine Shops, 571. Mackerel, 94. Mackerel Cove, 87. McKeen Street, 541. McLellan's HaU, 298. Magistrates, 278, 280, 282, 289. Magnetite, 97. Mail-Carriers, 302; Route, 70, 303; Stages, 303 ; first daily, 303. Mails, 302-3. Main Street, 544-5. ' Maine, Baptist Herald, 307 ; Intelligen- cer, 306-7 ; Hall, Bowdoin College, 517-18 ; Historical Societies' Rooms, 517-18; Province of, 7, 11-12, 17, 26, 50, 52, 53; State of, 1, 143; Street, 32, 51, 89, 154, 242, 541. See also 12-Rod Road. Maine Bank, The, 575 ; Cotton and Woollen Factory Company, 564-5. Mair Brook, 62, 83, 209 ; Point, 1-18, 20, 21, 28, 37, 50, 52, 83-8, 102, 107, 109, 155. Malachite, 98. Mall, The, 32, 538-9. Mammalia, 88-90. Management of the Tongue and Moral Pbserver, The, 306. Manners and Customs, 206-22. Manufactories of various Kinds,561, 568- 74. Maple, 99. Maps, 40, 72. Maqnoit, 1, 5, 6, 13-14, 18, 20, 31-2,39, 51-2, 54, 56-7, 62, 66, 68-9, 83, 88, 98, 101, 104, 107, 117, 133, 155, 188, 205. Marble Works and Workers, 582,609-10. Marine Mammals, 93. Mark Islands,' 86. ' Marsh, The, 134. Martins, 91. Mary and John, The, 7. Masons, 582, 620. Mason Rock, 80, 81, 188. Mason Street, 541 ; Religious Society, 396-7; Ladies' Association of the Society, 397. Masonic Hall 239, 240, 297 ; Journal, 309 ; Lodge, 239-41. Massachusetts — Colony, 26 ; Common- wealth of, 38, 51 ; Militia, 52 ; Hall, Bowdoin College, 517. Massacre of Thomas Means, 67 ; of oth- ers, 69. Masts, The Royal, 574. Match Factory, 571, 610. May Trainings, Burlesque, 224-5, 696. Measles, 314. Mechanic Fire-Engine, The, 271. Mechanic Volunteers, 695. Medfield, 81, Medical College, 102, 518, Medical School of Maine,518-20 ;Formar tion of the, 518 ; Graduates of the, 519; Professors, etc., of the, 518-20. Meeting, Going to, 212, 214-15. Meeting-House at New Meadows, 380; burnt in Brunswick, 260, 640 ; Cath- olic, 405 ; of Centre Cong. Society, Harpswell, 451, 453 ; Subscription Paper for Latter, 665-7; heated, 371 ; Lot, Ownership of, 372 ; of Baptist Societies, Topsham, 420, 423-4, 656 ; of Federal Street Societies, Bruns- wick, 385 ; of Free-Will Baptist Soci- eties, Brunswick, 388, 391, 642-3 ; of GENERAL INDEX:. 947 Free-Will Baptist Society, Topsham, 427-8, 656; of Free-WUl Baptist Society, Harpswell, 449; of Orr's Island, 449-50, 667 ; of Methodist Society, Brunswick, 400, 402, 644 ; of Methodist Society, Harpswell, 454, 667 ; of Orthodox Society, Topsham, 429, 432; Subscription Paper for building the Last, 654-6 ; of First Parish, Brunswick, 54, 102, 116, 220, 354, 358-60, 365, 371, 373, 637^2; of First Parish of Harps- well, 436, 445, 662-5 ; of First Par- ish of Topsham, 190, 214, 406, 413- 4, 652-4 ; of Unitarian Society, Brunswick, 394, 398, 643-4 ; of Uni- tarian Society, Topsham, 433-4 ; of Universalist Society .Brunswick, 393, 396, 643-4 ; of Universalist Society, Hajpswell, 450; Old Yellow, 420, 656 ; of St. Paul's Parish, 404, 644- 5 ; Union, at Growstown, 643 ; Un- ion on Harpswell Neck, 667 ; West, 228. Meetings, Public, 337. Meetings of Baptist Church Society, Topsham, 423-4 ; of Orthodox Soci- ety, Topsham, 429, 450. Members of Brunswick Religious Soci- eties, etc., 381, 383, 392-4, 403-4; of Topsham Religious Societies, 415-21, 427 ; of Harpswell Religious Societies, 451-2. Memorandum of Deeds, 38-9. Memorials to the General Court, 63-5, 136-8, 184, 194-6; to the President of the United States, 191-2. Memorial Hall, Bowdoin College, 515, 517, 518. Menhaden, 94. Merganser, The, 92. Merriconeag, 5-6, 11, 13-14, 17, 19, 20, 30-1, 44-8, 75, 77, 84, 107, 155-6, 158, 160. Merrill's, 6. Merrill's Island, 78. MerrymeetingBay, 5-6, 10, 13, 14, 18-20, 28-9, 42-3, 54, 58, 60, 63, 69, 75-8, 81, 92, 107, 119, 132, 245. Meteorological, etc., 99-103. Methodist Church, Society, etc., in Brunswick, 398-401 ; in Harpswell, 454-5 ; in Topsham, 435. Mica, 95, 97. Mice, 90. Middle Bay, 18, 37, 66, 83, 85, 87, 88, 98, 155. Middle Rock, 80, 211-12. Middle Street, 541. Mild Winter, A, 102. Military History of the three Towns, 676-705. Military Resolutions, 679. Military Stores carried up the Kennebec in Gondolas, 683. Militia. See Soldiers. Militia Companies, 689-96. Millinery Stores, 588. Mill Privilege, 32, 556, 559, 604-5. Mill-Pond Basin, 87. Mill Street, 541. Mills, 35, 604-9, 618-9; burnt in Bruns- wick, 259-64, 266, 269-70. Mills, Grist, 32, 555-7, 607-8; at New Meadows, 557 ; Maquoit, 557 ; Mair Brook, 557 ; in Brunswick Village, 557 ; Purinton's, 608 ; Scribner's,558. Mills, Saw, 558-62 ; at Bunganock, 558- 9 ; at Cathance, 604-5 ; at N. Mead- ows, 559-60 ; Bourne, 561 ; early, 558-60 ; Embargo, 606 ; Folly, 559- 60 ; Goat Island, 321 ; Granny-Hole, 605; the Great, 319, 321, 606; Hodge, 321, 605 ; Hodge (New), 606 ; Humphrey's 561 ; Nye, 559, 562 ; Page's, 561; Patten, 320-1, 605-6; Perkins, 322 ; Perry, 562 ; Pike & Co.'s, 561; Purinton, 321-2; Rogers's, 321, 606 ; Shad Island, 560 ; Tide, 619; Wind, 619. Mill, Paper, 322. Milton, Town of, 11. Minerals, 14, 46, 96-8. Mines, 14, 46. Minks, 90. Ministerial and Minister's Lots, 27, 134, 357, 360, 407, 414. Ministerial "Taxes, 364. Ministers, 109,115, 116, 212,454; Settle- ment of, 109, 115-16; Maintenance of, 22-3, 27, 116. Miuot, 26. Minute-Men, 678. Missionaries to Indians, 352-4. Mobbing of Mr. Wilson, 680, 683-4. Moffitt's Point, 82. Moles, 90, MoUusks, 93. Molybdenite, 98. Molybdite, 98. Monhegan, 7. Moore, 88, Mortality, 311. Mount Ararat, 76. Miiddy River, 6, 21, 43, 76, 81. Municipal History of Brunswick, 104- 54; of Harpswell, 155-79; of Tops- ham, 180-201. Murders, 285, 287, 318. Muscongus Company, 7. Mu.sic. Instrumental, 214. Musical Journal, Ihe, 309. MuskrfiC