ZU5-S8 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Digitized by Microsoft® Cornell University Library HD4966.R12 U538 Effect of recent wage advances upon rail olin 3 1924 032 452 777 This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation witli Cornell University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® / iStCu ctu cj f'^ 0.J !■ icuj '^Oi)y.rn'-c.\ti''j%.,j4i'^ // f, Effect of Recent Wage Advances upon Railway Employees' Compensation During the Year Ending June 30, 1911 Yariations in tlie Number of Railway Employees 1909--1910-1911 Relation of the Number of Employees and Their Compensation to Traffic and Revenue 1909-1910-1911 WASHINGTON, D. C. FEBRUARY, 1912 Digitized by Microsoft® ^' ^* ''^ " *' ' UDlVi !;!■ I (1^ 1;/, I; lb ^^ u Digitized by Microsoft® CONTENTS Summary ^ Effect of Recent Wage Advances upon Railway Employees' Com- pensation During the Year Ending June 30, ipii 7 Tables : By Classes for the United States 9 By Combined Classes fbr the United States 10 Eastern Group by Combined Classe,s 11 Southern Group by Combined Classes 12 Western Group by Combined Classes 13 Detailed Table for the United States 14 Detailed Table for the Eastern Group 15 Detailed Table for the Southern Group 16 Detailed Table for the Western Group 17 Variations in the Number of Employees, ipop-ipio-ipii 19 Comparison in the Aggregate 20 Comparison by Wage Accounts 21 Comparison by Specific Classes of Employees 24 Tables : United States by Wage Accounts 21, 38 Eastern Group by Wage Accounts 22, 39 Southern Group by Wage Accounts 23, 40 Western Group by Wage Accounts 24, 41 United States by Classes 25, 30 Eastern Group by Classes 31 Southern Group by Classes 32 Western Group by Classes 33 United States by Combined Classes 26, 34 Eastern Group by Combined Classes 27, 35 Southern Group by Combined Classes 28, 36 Western Group by Combined Classes 29, 37 Relation of the Number of Employees and their Compensation to Traffic and Revenue, ipop-ipio-ipii 43 Tables : Table for the United States 44 Table for the Eastern Group 45 Table for the Southern Group 46 Table for the Western Group 47 3 Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY Railway employees received as wages for the fiscal year 191 1 an amount greater by $41,868,822, or four and three-tenths per cent, than they would have received had the 1910 rates of wages been in effect; and greater by $69,297,678, or seven and four-tenths per cent, than they would have received had the 1909 wage rates been in effect. These results were obtained from the reports of railways over 500 miles long, which pay about 83 per cent of the total rail- way wages of the country. Probably there were increases, also, in the aggregate wages paid by the railways less than 500 miles long, but they are not included in this comparison. These results were arrived at through calculations that take account solely of the aug- mentation in the wage aggregate resulting from increases in rates of pay. Increases or decreases in wage totals due to variations in the number of employees are eliminated from consideration. The increases have accrued to all employees except general and other oificers. II Notwithstanding an increase of 2,108 miles in the steam railway mileage of the United States, the number of employees on railways over 500 miles long was less on June 30, 191 1, by 31,037, or 2.1 per cent, than on June 30, 1910. This is a decline of 252 employees per 1,000 miles of line, or 3.2 per cent. Switch-tenders, trackmen, tele- graph operators, and trainmen are the classes in which there were the greatest decreases. Ill Although for railways over 500 miles long the total number of employees on June 30, 191 1, was less by 31,037, or 2.1 per cent, than the total number of employees on June 30, 1910, the total compen- sation paid to the total number of employees during the fiscal year 191 1 was greater than the total ccanpensation paid to the total num- 5 Digitized by Microsoft® ber of employees during the fiscal year 1910 by $49)97^'^^^' °'^ ^' per cent. As the total operating revenues of these railways were greater in 1911 than in 1910 by $27,381,095, the increase in compensation to employees exceeded the increase in gross earnings by $22,595,121, or 82.5 per cent. The increase of nearly fifty 'million dollars in employees' com- pensation between 1910 and 191 1 took effect in the face of a decline in net revenue of $40,988,539. The traffic units were less in 1911 than in 1910 by i,5io>32i,i43> or 0.6 per cent. The number of traffic units per dollar of employees' compensation was less in 1911 than in 1910 by 13.45, or 5.3 per cent. Digitized by Microsoft® EFFECT OF RECENT WAGE ADVANCES UPON RAIL- WAY EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 191 1. The study, the results of which are here presented, was undertaken to ascertain what proportion of the amount of compensation paid by railways to their employees in 191 1 was due solely to increases in rates of pay. Increases or decreases in aggregate compensation for the dif- ferent years due to increases or decreases in labor force are not shown in these results. In view of the fact that a part of the advances in rates of pay which applied throughout the whole of the fiscal year 191 1 were originally placed in effect during 1910, the year 191 1 is compared not only with 1910, but also with 1909, in order to bring out the full effect of the movement of the last three years for higher wages. These com- parisons are of the fiscal years ending June 30, respectively. The railways report to the Interstate Commerce Commission the total compensation received by each class of employees for each fiscal year, and the total number of days worked by each class. It is evident that a division of the total compensation of each class by the total number of days worked by that class will give the average daily com- pensation of each employee in that class." If the number of days worked by employees of each class in 191 1 be multiplied by this average daily o From such inquiry as has been instituted, it may be asserted that most roads determine the average daily compensation in the manner ordered by the Commis- sion. The real diiBculty lies in the determination of the number of days worked, and here there is a variety of methods employed by the railways. In some cases the determination of what constitutes a day's work rests with the officer employ- ing_ the specific class of labor. In classes of labor remunerated on a mileage basis it is possible, and frequently is the case, that individuals receive compensa- tion for more constructive days than there are actual days in the period. In such cases the average daily compensation, as reported, appears to be less than it really is. For example, trainmen are commonly paid on a mileage basis, the usual practice being to consider one hundred miles as a day's work. Frequently, however, trainmen make more than one hundred miles per day, so that when the total miles run during the month are reduced to the basis mentioned, the number of constructive days exceeds the actual number of days in the month. Some roads add together the total days worked each month to get the total for the year; others compute the annual total from the total of typical months, and there are still other methods employed. The conclusion is obvious that comparisons can be made only in a general way between different railways, but that comparisons from year to year on individual roads will be valid, provided the methods used by each road are not changed during the period of comparison. It may be assumed that the method employed by each railway is approximately the same from year to year and therefore the data are satisfactory for the comparisons here made. 7 Digitized by Microsoft® 8 wage, as computed for that class for the years 1909 ^"*? /^'°' ^fj spectively, the products will show the total compensation which ^^ have been received in 191 1 had the average wage of 19^9 ^^ ° 9 been in force. The subtraction of these two results, respectively, trom the actual compensation paid in 191 1 shows the increase in wages 191 1 due to the increased rates of pay. . For the purposes of this study data have been utilized for all rail- ways over 500 miles long. These include eighty-three roads, operatmg on June 30, 191 1, a total of 188,760 miles of line, or 774 per cent of the total steam railway mileage reported by the Interstate Commerce Commission in its monthly bulletin for the same date." Perhaps a more significant indication of the extent to which this study approximates a complete presentation for the entire United States is found in the fact that the figures cover about 83 per cent of the total compensation to their employees paid by the railways of the country in 1909, 1910, and 191 1, respectively. The only roads over 500 miles long omitted from the list are the Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, and the Oregon-Washington Railroad and Navigation Company, for which it was not possible to secure consecutive and com- parable data for the three years. The wages paid in 191 1 by the eighty-three roads whose reports are tabulated amounted to $1,005,277,249. The increase in compensation over 1909 due to advances in rates of wages over the rates of 1909 amounts to $69,297,678, or 7.4 per cent. The increase in compensation over 1910 due to advances in rates of wages over the rates of 1910 amounts to $41,868,822, or 4.3 per cent. The following table shows the total compensation paid in 191 1 to each class of employees, and the difiference between that compensation and what it would have been at the rates of wages effective during 1909 and 1910. a. Because of the fact that the data as to employees' compensation reported by several of the Western roads was incomplete for some classes of employees, the mileage represented in the returns varies in some degree from class to class. This variation is_ shovirn in the tables following the text. The mileage mentioned here is the maximum for all roads. Digitized by Microsoft® BY CLASSES FOR THE UNITED STATES. Increased Compensation to Railway Employees in 1911, Due to Advances in Rates of Pay. class. General ofi&cers Other officers General office clerks. . . Station agents Other station men Bnginemen Firemen Conductors Other trainmen Machinists Carpenters Other shopmen Section foremen Other trackmen Switch tenders, crossing tenders and watchmen Telegraph operators and dispatchers Employees — account floating equipment. . . , All other employees and laborers Total comptnsation 191 1 Difference between compensation in 191 1 and what that compensation would have been at rate of wages effective during— igio. Total. 113,669,727 17,852,412 53,873,729 22,842,503 81,038,692 79,636,834 49.151,135 54,077,929 99,154,674 43,714,414 41,151,335 129,182,032 25,607,524 115,662,828 19,359,983 30,236,595 5,070,787 123,994,116 1,005,277,249 $135 M6 246,777 1,252,563 755,750 2,912,948 3,945,320 3,533,079 2,828,366 7,457,443 1,330,545 1,080,337 4,138,253 1,100,026 2,877,371 715,827 1,348,022 262,252 6,713,143 Her cent. 41,868,822 I.O 1.4 2.4 3-4 3-7 5-2 7-7 5-5 8.1 31 2,7 3-3 45 2.6 3.8 4-7 5-5 5-7 1909. 4.3 'f55i,3i8 2,088 2,769,872 1,138,021 3,788,193 5,791,868 4,657,490 4,746,785 11,247,889 2,648,127 2,172,422 7,663,046 1,531,441 9,279,486 569,676 1,709,745 222,849 8,811,538 Per cent. 69,297,678 4.2 * 5-4 53 4.9 7.8 lo.S 9.6 12.8 64 5-6 6.3 6.4 8.7 30 6.0 4.6 7.7 7.4 Increases in reman type. Decreases in italics. * Decrease of less than one-tenth of one per cent. From this table it appears that increases due to advances since 1909 in the rates of pay have applied to all classes with the exception of "other officers"; that increases due to advances since 1910 have ap- plied to all classes except general officers and other officers; the de- creases in these two classes are not significant because of the compara- tively small number of such officers. The larger aggregate increases resulting from the advances in rates of pay of 191 1 over those in effect in 1909 are found to apply to the classes of "other trainmen," "other trackmen," enginemen, conductors, and firemen. The larger increases resulting from the advances in rates of pay of 191 1 over those in effect in 1910 apply to "other trainmen," "other shopmen," enginemen, fire- men, and conductors. Digitized by Microsoft® 10 In order more clearly to indicate the extent to which the advances in rates of pay have aflfected the constituent divisions of railway oper- ation, the classes of employees have been grouped in the fol owing- table, according to the general character of their work. BY COMBINED CLASSES FOR THE UNITED STATES. Increased Compensation to Railway Employebs in 19". Due to Advances in Rates of Pay. Combined class. Total compensation 1911. Difference between compensation m 1911. and what that compensation would have been- at rate of wages effective during— 1910 Amount. OflBcers and clerks Station men Trainmen Shopmen Trackmen Switch tenders, crossing tenders and watchmen Telegraph operators and dispatchers All other employees and laborers Total $85,395,868 103,881,195 282,020,572 214,047,781 141,270,352 19.359,983 30,236,595 129,064,903 ,005,277,249 J870, 140 3,668,698 17,764,208 6,549, '35 3,977,397 715,827 1,348,022 6,975,395 41,868,822 Per cent. I.O 3-7 6.7 3-2 2.9 3-8 4-7 5-7 4-3 .'i.mount. 13,319,102 4,926,214 26,444,032 12,483,595 10,810,927 569,676 1,709,745 9,034,387 69,297,678 Per cent. 40 5.0 10.4 6.2 8-3 3-0 6.0 7-5 7-4 From this table it will be observed that increases in compensation due to advances in rates of pay have applied to all these large general groups. The largest increase due to advances in the rates of pay of • 191 1 over those in effect in 1909 is in the wages of trainmen, amount- ing to 10.4 per cent ; the wages of trainmen also show the largest in- crease due to advances over the rates of pay of 1910, the percentage- being 6.7 per cent. Trackmen show an increase due to advances in rates of pay of 191 1 over those effective in 1909 of 8.3 per cent, and an increase resulting from advances over the wage rates of 1910 of 2.9 . per cent. Following are similar comparisons for the railways of the three geo- graphical divisions. The Eastern group comprises roads east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio and Potomac rivers, the Southerns group those east of the Mississippi and south of the Ohio and Potomac, and the Western group those west of the Mississippi. Roads lying iri more than one group are assigned to that group containing the largest: portion of their mileage. Digitized by Microsoft® II EASTERN GROUP— BY COMBINED CLASSES. Increased Compensation to Railway Empi,oyees in 191 i, Due to Advances in Rates of Pay. Combined class. Total compensation 1911. Difference between compensation in 1911 and what that compensation would have been at rate of wages effective during— 1910 Amount. Per cent. 1909 Per cent. Officers and clerks Station men Trainmen Shopmen Trackmen Switch tenders, crossing tenders and watchmen Telegraph operators and dispatchers All other employees and laborers Total. 142,931,572 58,736,140 151,922,635 111,510,245 59,043,261 13,720,356 14,749,346 66,168,177 518,781,732 $512,883 2,135,926 11,155,376 3,870,361 2,630,969 721,618 807,709 5,949,628 27,784,470 1.2 3-8 7-9 3-6 4-7 5-6 5.8 99 5-7 j!i,686,628 3,134,534 15,107,280 7,250,592 4,872,973 956,006 1,099,791 6,891,663 40,999,467 41 5-6 II. o 7.0 9.0 7-5 8.1 II. 6 8.6 Increases in compensation for 191 1 due to advances in the rates of pay over those effective in 1910 and 1909 occurred in each of these large general classes of the Eastern group of railways. The largest increase due to the advance in the rates of wages of 1911 over those effective in 1910 was in the compensation to trainmen, amounting to $11,155,376, or 7.9 per cent. The compensation to telegraph operators and dispatchers in 191 1 included an increase due to advances in the rates of wages over those efifective in 1910 amounting to 5.8 per cent; the corresponding increase included in the compensation to switchmen and watchmen amounted to 5.6 per cent, and in that to trackmen to 4.7 per cent. For 191 1, as compared with 1909, the compensation of train- men again includes the largest increase due to advances in rates of pay, amounting to $15,107,280, or 11 per cent. The increase in the compen- sation to trackmen due to the same cause amounted to 9 per cent, to telegraph operators, 8.1 per cent, to switchmen and watchmen, 7.5 per cent, and to shopmen, 7 per cent. This comment does not include the considerable increases in the wages of the miscellaneous group of em- ployees included under "all other employees and laborers." Digitized by Microsoft® 12 SOUTHERN GROUP— BY COMBINED CLASSES. Increased Compensation to Railway Employees in 191 i. Due to Rates of Pay. Combined class. Officers and clerks Station men Trainmen Shopmen Trackmen Switch tenders, crossing tenders and watchmen Telegraph operators and dispatchers All other employees and laborers Total Total compensation 1911. aJ^'^f^a^5^s^Sw^-el^ at rate of wages effective during $9,796,057 12,253,442 33,916,860 25,955,962 14,826,414 1,763,817 3,755,564 14,228,905 1 910. Per cent. 116,497,021 1294,040 531,799 2,586,534 934,554 306,034 129,570 149,885 437,464 5,369,880 3-1 4-5 8.3 3-7 2.1 7-9 4.2 3-2 48 $581,152 632,195 4,189,480 1,467,683 779,096 135,242 202,790 552,306 8,539,944 Per cent. 6.3 5.4 14. 1 6.0 5.6 8.3 5-7 4.0 7.9 The compensation of each of the several large general classes of employees on the Southern group of railways for 191 1 included in- creases due to advances in the rates of wages over those effective during 1910 and 1909. In 191 1 the greatest increase due to advances in wage rates over those effective in 1910 was in the compensation to trainmen, its amount being $2,586,534, or 8.3 per cent. The increase included in the total wages of switchmen and watchmen was 7.9 per cent, that in the wages of station men 4.5 per cent, and in the wages of telegraph operators and dispatchers 4.2 per cent. The total compen- sation paid to trainmen in 19 11 also includes the largest percentage due to advances in the rates of wages over those applying in 1909, the amount being $4,189,480, or 14.1 per cent. The corresponding increase in the pay of switchmen and watchmen amounted to 8.3 per cent, in that of officers and clerks to 6.3 per cent, and in that of shopmen to 6 per cent. Digitized by Microsoft® u WESTERN GROUP— BY COMBINED CLASSES. Increasbd Compensation to Railway Employees in 191 i. Due to Advances in Rates of Pay. Combined class. Total compensation 1911. Difference between compensation in 1911 and what that compensation would have been at rate of wages effective during— 1910. 1909. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Officers and clerks Station men .... 132,668,239 32,891,613 96,181,077 76,581,574 67,400,677 3,875,810 11,731,685 48,667,821 369,998,496 ?63,2I7 1,000,973 4,022,298 1,744,220 1,040,394 ^35,36^ 390,428 588,303 8,714,472 .2 3-1 4-4 2.3 1.6 3-4 3.4 1.2 11,051,322 1,159,485 7,147,272 3,765,320 5.158,858 52-',572 407,164 1,590,418 3-3 3-7 8.0 5-2 8.3 3.6 3-4 Trainmen Shopmen Trackmen Switch tenders, crossing tenders and watchmen . Telegraph operators and dispatchers All other employees and laborers Total 2.4 19,758,267 5.6 Increases in reman type. Decreases in italics. The compensation for 191 1 of all but one of the large general classes of employees in the Western group of railways included increases due to advances in the rates of pay over those effective during 1910. The only decrease was in the rate of wages of switchmen and watchmen. The compensation to other groups included increases due to advances in wage rates as follows : Trainmen, $4,022,298, or 4.4 per cent ; tele- graph operators, 3.4 per cent; station men, 3.1 per cent, and smaller percentages in the remaining classes. The total compensation paid in 191 1, as compared with 1909, shows a decline in the rate of wages of switchmen and watchmen. The compensation to other classes includes increases due to advances in the rates of wages over those effective in 1909 amounting in the case of trainmen to $7,147,272, or 8 per cent; to $5,158,858, or 8.3 per cent, in the case of trackmen; to 5.2 per cent in the case of shopmen, and to 3.7 per cent in the case of station men. The remaining classes show smaller rates of increase. In general, the largest per cents of increase in 191 1 due to advances in rates of wages over those effective in 1910 or 1909 are found in the Eastern group, and the smallest in the Western group." Comparisons in greater detail are contained in the tables following, o. The smallness of these percentages in the case of the Western group of railways may be partly due to incomplete returns for certain roads of that group. 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M " u K -a iE uiE oifi o « o_ cS rt « "> g S " OOOwOWfeO ■L* ^ ^ - oi3 c o R o. .5 c bo.H "2 =" c-o "■« >. rt Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® 19 VARIATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF RAILWAY EMPLOYEES, 1909-1910-1911. The study, the results of which are here presented, was undertaken to show how the number of railway employees in 191 1 compared with the number of such employees in 1910 and in 1909. The data, taken from the annual reports of the railways to the Interstate Commerce Commission, covers all roads over 500 miles long, with the exception of those whose reports are in some respects incomplete and hence un- available for use. The railways here included had 188,760 miles of line on June 30, 191 1, or 77.4 per cent of the mileage of the country, as shown by the report of the Commission for that month. The em- ployees of these railways constitute for each of the years entering into this comparison about 86 per cent of the total number employed. The tabulations show the aggregate number of these employees, and the number in each class according to the reports of the railways to the Interstate Commerce Commission for June 30 of the years 1909, 1910, and 191 1. They indicate the increase or decrease in the number in service on June 30, 191 1, as compared with the number in service on June 30, 1910 and June 30, 1909, and the percentage of such in- crease or decrease. The number of employees in service on June 30 of any particular year does not indicate the variations that may have taken place during the year, and therefore is not so satisfactory for comparative pur- poses as would be the average of the number of employees in service during the year. The reports of the railways are made, however, in accordance with the requirements of the Interstate Commerce Com- mission, and the number of employees at the close of each fiscal year has a general value for comparison. Therefore it will be understood that throughout this bulletin reference to the number of employees in service for any of the years specified means the number of em- ployees in service on June 30 of that year. In order that the comparison be comprehensive it is presented from various aspects. First is given the aggregate number of employees for each of the three years. Next are comparative tables giving, ac- cording to the. accounts under which their wages are classified, the number of employees per 1,000 miles of line. Then follows a table showing by specific classes the number of employees per 1,000 miles of line, and following this are tables in which the employees of these specific classes are combined into larger classes, indicating the broad and general phases of railway work. Finally are the tables giving in detail the information which has been abstracted and summarized in the preceding tables jm^'^frlm mprosoft® 20 Comparison in the Aggregate. The following table shows the total number of employees for each of the respective years, and the number per i,ooo miles of hne: H fli ■< a a o M lO U> o U > OS ^ o h f>. rt is rt P^ -O to u cd ^ o' d a <^ So 3 ID 00 M c^ o CO f»> O rO d a u O --rt a. J M S I^l t .Q e 3 00 ~ OO 1-^S M C) (V) 1—. O 00 d M 00 vo •-' vo t-^ r^ lo M 1— . o O - 9 1-1 rt O -g OJ :8.| ij rt o a .2 fl n) Si tn U JJ (U l-( l-* f-t ■4-. O OJ 'S O B^ . « •- -^ 1^ OJ rP -i ja rt ft-^" ^ ■ ■ a 2 p c^ 5i sq-S r0 4-> O S a" ^ o .2 tfi ^4-< M-l '^ 4J O O ■" a CTv o ON 11 (U a j3 - S ° d >"" d o O 1-1 5] a ■" s jj oi ~ <^ "^ p. i " a p s^ IH ■" Si Vh 01 " S^ '-' 01 JJ •^ 2 w ^ S' o '^ p .•3 p p 01 vo O t^ Si 0) « tn o c3 m S5 rtfe " = I — =; OI wj ■*.P U tp 01 J3 O II S O O .2 -S Digitized by Microsoft® 21 Comparison by Wage Accounts. The following tables contrast for the respective years the number of employees per 1,000 miles of line, classified according to the general accounts to which their wages are charged : United States. Employees Per 1,000 Miles of Line. Account. Number of employees, June 30 1911. 1911 compared with 1910, increase or decrease. igii compared with 1909, increase or decrease. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Maintenance of way and structures Maintenance of equip- 2,339 1,706 107 3,064 224 168 1^3 52 4 242 5 3 5-0 31 3-9 7-3 2.2 1.9 189 226 13 72 13 43 8.8 15.3 Traffic 14-3 Transportation General 2.4 6.2 Outside operations. . . . 34.1 Increases in roman type. Decreases in italics. It will be noted that between 1910 and 191 1 there was a general decrease in the number of employees per 1,000 miles of line. Those employed in maintenance of equipment and in securing traffic alone show increases. The largest decrease, 7.3 per cent, was in the number of employees immediately engaged in transportation, including prin- cipally those engaged in the running of trains. It was to be expected that in a year of diminishing earnings there would be a decline in the number of laborers employed in maintenance of way, and this decline is shown to be 5 per cent. An increase in the number of employees of all classes is indicated for 191 1 over 1909, the decrease between 1910 and 191 1 not having been so great as the increase of 1910 over 1909. A similar summary is presented by groups in order to show the variations in the different geographical sections. The Eastern group comprises roads east of the Mississippi and north of. the Ohio and Potomac rivers ; the Southern group, those east of the Mississippi and south of the Ohio and Potomac; and the Western group, those west of the Mississippi. Roads lying in more than one group are assigned to that group containing the largest portion of their mileage. Digitized by Microsoft® 22 Eastern Group. Employees Per 1,000 Miles of Line. Increases in reman type. Decreases in italics. From 1910 to 191 1 the number of employees engaged in mainte- nance of way on the Eastern group of railways decreased 178 per 1,000 miles, or 5.1 per cent, and the number of those immediately engaged in transportation decreased 168 per 1,000 miles, or 2.9 per cent. The number of employees engaged in outside operations and securing traffic decreased slightly. The number of employees engaged m maintenance of equipment and general service increased. From 1909 to 191 1 each wage account shows an increased number of employees. The largest actual increases occurred in the number of employees engaged in maintenance of equipment— 465 per i 000 miles of Ime, and in those engaged in maintenance of way— 431 'per 1,000 miles, while the largest proportional increases were those of employees engaged in outside operations-19.9 per cent, in maintenance of equipment-18.4 per cent, and in maintenance of way-is i per Digitized by Microsoft® 23 Southern Group. Employees Per 1,000 Miles of Line. Account. Number of employees, June 30 1911. 1911 compared with 1910, increase or decrease. 1911 compared with 1909, increase or decrease. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Maintenance of way and structures Maintenance of equip- ment 1,695 1,407 87 2,407 149 65 22 22 21 16 II 1-3 1-5 .1 •9 9-7 20.3 187 158 * 10 12.4 14. 1 TraflBc Transportation General 70 ■3 17.4 Outside operations .... Increases in roman type. Decreases in italics. * Decrease of less than one employee. The number of employees on the Southern group of railways classified under maintenance of equipment, traffic, and general, de- creased from 1910 to 191 1 per i,ooo miles of hne. The number classi- fied under maintenance of way, transportation, and outside operations increased. A comparison of 1911 with 1909 shows that but two of these groups of employees, those classified under traffic and general, decreased per 1,000 miles of line, and these to an almost negligible degree. The employees engaged in maintenance of way and structures increased by 187 per 1,000 miles, or 12.4 per cent; those engaged in maintenance of equipment, 174 per 1,000 miles, or 14. i per cent; those engaged in transportation, 158 per 1,000 miles, or 7.0 per cent. Digitized by Microsoft® 24 Western Group. Employees Per 1,000 Miles of Line. Number of employees, June 30 1911. 1911 compared with 1910, increase or decrease. 191 1 compared with 1909, increase or decrease. Number. Percent. Number. Per cent. Maintenance of way and structures Maintenance of equip- ment 2,015 1,073 93 1,834 192 III 142 54 10 370 '7 6.6 5-3 II. 9 16.8 8.0 2-3 54 116 19 13 6 48 2.7 12. I Traffic . 26.2 Transportation General .7 3-3 76.7 Outside operations. . . . Increases in roman type. Decreases in italics. From 1910 to 191 1 the number of employees of the Western group of railways immediately engaged in transportation decreased 370 per 1,000 miles, or 16.8 per cent — a greater falling off than was shown by any other class. The decrease in number of employees charged with the maintenance of way was 142 per 1,000 miles, or 6.6 per cent. From 1909 to 191 1, employees engaged in transportation decreased in number 13 per 1,000 miles, or 0.7 per cent. Those in the other classses increased in number, the greatest increase being in those en- gaged in maintenance of equipment — 116 per 1,000 miles, or 12.1 per cent. Comparison by Specific Classes of Employees. The succeeding table contrasts for the United States for the re- spective years the number of employees per 1,000 miles of line in each of the specific classes for which they are reported by the railways to the Interstate Commerce Commission. Following it are tables for the United States and the three geographical sections, in which the employees of these specific classes are combined in larger classes, indi- cating the broad and general phases of railway work. Digitized by Microsoft® 25 Unitbd States. Employees Per i,ooo Miles of Line. Class. " Number of employees, June 30 1911. 1911 compared with 1910, increase or decrease. 19H compared with 1909, increase or decrease. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. ■General officers Other officers II 41 347 161 711 285 298 2l6 607 258 302 1,060 191 1,611 185 190 43 1,051 * 4 4 2 8 12 16 5 27 3 13 8 3 100 28 10 4 19 3 4 9.2 1 .2 1.2 1 .2 3-9 5-1 2.2 4.2 I.I 4.0 ■7 ■9 5-9 I3-I 50 7-7 '■7 * 9 23 2 53 19 16 14 68 24 17 117 7 148 32 2 5 46 '■7 General office clerks . . Station agents Other station men Bnginemen 27.0 7.2 1-5 8.0 7.' Firemen Conductors 5-7 6.9 12.7 10.3 6 T Other trainmen Machinists Carpenters Other shopmen Section foremen Other trackmen Switch tenders, cross- ing tenders and watchmen 12.4 3.6 10. 1 '4-7 1-3 12.8 4.6 Telegraph operators and dispatchers Employees — account floating equipment. . All other employees and laborers Total 7,569 252 3-2 538 7.7 Increases in roman type. Decreases in italics. * Decrease of less than one employee. Between 1910 and 191 1 there was a reduction of the total number of employees per 1,000 miles of line of 252, or 3.2 per cent. Reduc- tions occurred in every class except "other officers" and station agents, the decline being as much as 13. i per cent in the case of switch- tenders, crossing-tenders, and watchmen. The other material declines occurred among the firemen, "other trackmen," telegraph operators, and employees connected with floating equipment. Between 1909 and 191 1 the total number of employees increased 538 per 1,000 miles of line, or y.y per cent. There were decreases in only two classes of employees, i. e., general officers and switch-tenders and watchmen, the former declining 1.7 per cent in number per 1,000 miles of line, the latter 14.7 per cent. Considerable increases occurred Digitized by Microsoft® 26 among the "other officers," floating-equipment employees, "other train- men," "other shopmen," machinists, and "other trackmen." As already- noted, the increases which appear for the two-year period in most of the classes are due to increases during the year 1910. The changes by classes will be made clearer by a combination inta groups as follows: United States. Employees Per 1,000 Miles of Line. Number of employees, June 30 1911. igii compared with 1910, increase or decrease. 1911 compared with 1909, increase or decrease. Number. Per cent. Number. Percent. OEScers and clerks. . . . 399 872 1,406 1,620 1,802 i 185 190 1,095 I 6 59 23 102 28 10 22 ■3 ■7 z 5-4 .... 5-0 2.0 32 55 117 158 155 32 2 51 8.7 6.7 9-1 10.8 Shopmen Trackmen.. 9-4 '4-7 1-3 4.9 Switch tenders, cross- ing tenders and watchmen ' Telegraph operators and dispatchers . . . . ' All other employees i and laborers ' Total 7,569 1 252 3-2 538 7-7 Increases in reman type. Decreases in italics. The greatest decline between 1910 and 191 1 is in the number of trackmen, who were reduced 102 per 1,000 miles of line, and the next: in the number of trainmen, who were reduced 59 per 1,000 miles of line. Measured by percentages, the decline of 13. i per cent in the- number of switch-tenders is most severe ; next is the decline of 5.4 per cent in trackmen ; then 5 per cent in telegraph operators, and 4 per cent in trainmen. Digitized by Microsoft® 27 Eastern Group. Employees Per 1,000 Miles of Line. Combined class. Number of employees, June 30 1911. 1911 compared with 1910, increase or decrease. 1911 compared with 1909, increase or decrease. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Officers and clerks Station men 708 1,674 2,527 2,85s 2,432 454 341 1,861 32 7 54 14 iiS 60 8 77 4-7 ■4 2.1 ■5 4.6 11.7 2-3 4.0 76 108 186 325 257 32 » 215 12.0 6.9 Trainmen Shopmen 12.8 II. 8 6.5 .1 I3-0 Trackmen Switch tenders, cross- ing tenders and watchmen Telegraph operators and dispatchers .... All otlier employees and laborers Total 12,855 278 2.1 1,135 9-7 Increases in roman type. Decreases in italics. * Increase of less than one employee. During the year 191 1 the total number of employees per 1,000 miles of line in the Eastern group of railways decreased 278, or 2.1 per cent. There occurred a decrease in each large class except that of officers and clerks and that of shopmen. The largest decrease occurred among the trackmen, whose number was reduced 118 per 1,000 miles; switch- tenders, crossing-tenders, and watchmen show the largest proportional decrease, 11.7 per cent. The number of employees in 191 1 shows an increase over 1909 in each of these large and general classes except one, switch-tenders, crossing-tenders and watchmen being the only class to show a decrease. Digitized by Microsoft® 28 Southern Group. Employees Per 1,000 Miles of Line. Combined class. Number of employees, June 30 1911. 1911 compared with 1910, increase or decrease. 191 1 compared with rgog, increase or decrease. Number. Percent. Number. Per cent. Officers and clerks Station men 272 722 1,069 1,384 1,279 117 151 824 43 31 13 66 42 23 15 36 13.6 4.4 1.2 5.0 3-2 16. 2 9-1 4.6 22 75 86 270 54 22 7 104 7-3 II 6 "Trainmen 8.7 24.3 4.4 16.0 4-5 14.4 Shopmen Trackmen Switch tenders, cross- ing tenders and watchmen Telegraph operators and dispatchers All other employees and laborers Total 5,819 23 ■ 4 537 10.2 Increases in roman type. Decreases in italics. During 191 1 the total number of employees on the Southern group of railways increased 23, or 0.4 per cent per 1,000 miles of line. The number of station-men, trainmen, and shopmen increased, while the number of officers and clerks, trackmen, switch-tenders, and telegraph operators declined. In 191 1 the total number of employees was greater by 537 per 1,000 miles of line, or 10.2 per cent, than in 1909. Considerable increases per 1,000 miles were as follows: Shopmen, 270, or 24.3 per cent; "all other employees and laborers," 104, or 14 ^ per cent; station-men, 75, or 11. 6 per cent. There were slight increases in the number of trainmen and trackmen. Decreases occurred among the officers and clerks, switch-tenders, crossing-tenders, and watch- men, and telegraph operators. Digitized by Microsoft® 29 Western Group. Employees Per i,ooo Miles of Line. Combined class. Number of employees, June 30 ■1911. 1911 compared with 1910, increase or decrease. rgii compared with 1909, increase or decrease. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Officers and clerks. . . . Station men 282 513 942 1,067 1,638 70 125 789 5 16 81 66 112 ^3 9 10 1.8 3-0 7-9 6.4 15-5 6.9 1-3 28 29 lOI 51 136 33 8 42 278 II. 6.1 Trainmen Shopmen 5-1 9.0 317 6.5 5-' Trackmen Switch tenders, cross- ing tenders and watchmen Telegraph operators and dispatchers .... All other employees and laborers Total 5,426 312 5-4 5.4 Increases in roman type. Decreases in italics. The total number of employees per i,ooo miles of line on the West- ern group of railways decreased 312 during the year 191 1, or 5.4 per cent. The largest reductions were in the number of trackmen, who decreased 112 per 1,000 miles, or 6.4 per cent, and of trainmen, who decreased 81 per 1,000 miles, or 7.9 per cent. The largest proportional decrease was in the number of switch-tenders, crossing-tenders, and watchmen, which fell off 15.5 per cent. The year 191 1, as compared with 1909, shows an increase in the total number of employees amounting to 278 per 1,000 miles of line, or 5.4 per cent. The number of trainmen per 1,000 miles increased 12 per cent; the number of officers and clerks, 11 per cent, and the number of trackmen, 9.0 per cent. TabIvBS in Detail. The following tables give in detail the information which lias been abstracted and summarized in the preceding tables and comment : Digitized by Microsoft® 30 B * bO Q o 5 o m JJ (A 1 ^ B s ID C4 M o oi « a I P.J3 O V vt So o V sa sa.2 Z;- 0-25 3 O O 12;" o if a V N w M IH M 00 vq 'f -i fO o\^o 0\ o 00 M N N 00 VO Tto ■* t^\0 VO tv 01 M 1-) Tt 4 00 ^j. m f*^ o\ f^ v^ H o^^ Os b^^ oo H o o ^ **} ■ to ■<* IH oo H X3 ^X3 t\;ni'N.HO op O '^'S n Tfvo N 0\ rt 01 oi M m moo n ^ < VO w d uioo "i 0\ ro -^ iri\f T N N d N K in cS :^ looO ►ioo'qg'oo oi^o' di 00 0) Vi Ov o ■ to 2 o < „ m W •-I (vj w t-H 00 O vo 00 l^^o m CO n (N >o 00 •^ 0\ 0) Jx tvVO 0\ TfoO o> o \o N m >o »0 ^ H ■ t«5 CO(^ tx c^ s « CO P) CO Ti 1% CS^ CX^ c^ CO »>; '^t ^ CO CO of in Koo ^-*" t< d\ w CO CO 10 co"t^«NNlO«WO\Mi-i o 00" of I-* "^^ -^ On 0^ mvo o -^ -rf « in od 600 civdod cooi "^6 osd d\ hvSoco-^MCOOOI mvo CM in o\ vo 01 ^inin^^M minr^w oj^ q\ T^oo o t^ mi S\-*5igvOi|n M in ipo ro 10 O CO 0\ W 0) tx in J^ o\ S o '^t^ vo Tj-oo mionMrftN.ioo oo M in\0 cOWVO O^D 000 OMO-^fO ryi rnoo 00 VD vo OWO cooo -^ co Th co vo i»oo SoiinOjOvO^oo qvvS 1- ^ t-; o_ cvT 00 of 00" coinOv'H'Tt-inQ'oiov m «MSotO)Minoi«o5"Ov 0) CO i> M « -g C o iw y c o - ^^ — ' ^ w S ^ u ;'^ : W) -a • S c g ■■a u "* • Ui ff Ui ■ O S t! 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CO tJ- fOvo t-t 0\ CO "^ *^ Tf ^n Os ro cn ■ I ° I a 8-3 o a> og t^OO 00 CK Tt- N t!- C>00\0 -^lO- O O mvo 0\ <^ lO W N c*^ Tl- t^ o a n o ^; Ul <1 W •a o ir (I) t^ N M in p) in rq m\o o o» N t^ 0\ TfOO o ^ ■^00„ i-t t-5 CO CO P < o S w < < Pi n S o H i^ i^ rv ^t o\ i-t ^-1 -f 0» OnVO o\\o po o\ o in O -Tf- 00^ in I-. -^ »; OJ p t-t o kJ (-1 e 5 b o O < o~ o m i-i > w ^ o\ o g g ^ Wi o o •H 1^ s in o S W >< < < Tt rH H o CO Tt o 1 V t- a N -4 " t^ IN 6 ^^ X\ M HH M a 1 1 » 00 o- |8_o in M MM MM W ir in si 3 •-> K" to vo lO CO O CO o 0\(S^ M '^vo N \0 11- 1 as M •a : : 1 • 1 C . J-. rt ■ C • (U ^ : a rt . a & :'3 ^ . D- (/ C M- • " c •a § o :^ c c c m t < i^^ .o rt 1- c ^ -4- rt 3 rt C ' c c cu S tj g ,, a.m ^ Digitize ?c()[)y /W Cd tfl Dj f' 0. 41 In iz; t> o u o < 8 I n >— 1 u c e 1 e^i. 1 8"i g P.3 Sp Z 1? ^■■a •s? Sf! ti .. & • o a w < p * c o o 380 2;- O u hS ft 3 a o "S O a 4> CO E'--s ^e.s gg.- ^• 300 Z - SS- 5 " U. CO . HH (^ IS^ f*^ tN. W^O CO tfi W c'S <1 f^ 0\0o O ^ V3 O 0\ K.00 "O 00 -^ o\ f^ <^ t^ Tf CO roco N " 00 t; r> On CO 0\ t-i 0,0 00 " " 10 M -^ N M h-l & 3" ^ di vnoo" to t^ dv CO t^ 0\ \o " tv M M ■* VO Oi PO CO 0\ CO in ioo Q o w ^ N o t-N.10 Tt 000 tN, CO tX CO M S" c.S -^ •o c 3 o trx Pi c ■a j: rt op .a§ 6s - l-< «'-' «-3 r?^ c ■^^ t3 "O C s « a a 6 tt^ c c ;3 h'-S 3 ii M.Sf .. > rt rt'!2: s-^ U Is •SOS 0. to c J3 t« V « ^ c ^ a. Digitized by Microsoft® RELATION OF THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AND- THEIR COMPENSATION TO TRAFFIC AND REVENUE, 1909-1910-1911. In the first study included in this bulletin the total compensation, paid to railway employees in 191 1 was contrasted with what that total- would have been had the rates of pay effective during 1910 remained in effect during 191 1, and with what that total would have been had the rates of pay effective during 1909 been in effect throughout 191 1. As the number of employees and the number of days worked by themi were different for each year, the aggregates entering into the com- parison were (i) the total compensation actually paid in 1911, (2) what that total would have been for the same number of employees of each class and the same number of days worked by them at the rates of wages paid in 1910, and (3) what that total would have been' for the same number of employees of each class and the same number- of days worked by them at the rates of wages paid in 1909. There- fore the only total representing compensation actually paid with which, this first study was concerned was that for 191 1. The following tables and comment compare the total compensation, actually paid in the respective years 1909, 1910, and 191 1: this of course applies for each year to the total number of employees and the total number of days worked in that year. The following as well as the preceding tabulations are of the re- turns of 83 railways aggregating, in 191 1, 188,760.04 miles of line. These are all of the railways in the United States operating over 500- miles of line, with the two exceptions that have been noted. The fact that for the first study detailed information was not available for sev- eral Western roads, as to the number of employees in certain specific classes and as to the number of days worked by them, accounts for the slight differences in the total compensation for the year 191 1 indi- cated for the United States and for the Western group in the first study and in the following tables. In these latter tables are included' the total number of these employees and their total compensation,, these totals being available although the details are not. 43 Digitized by Microsoft® 44 RELATION OF THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AND THEIR COMPEN- SATION TO TRAFFIC AND REVENUE, 1909-1910-1911. (Roads over 500 miles long.") United States. Total number of employees on June 30. Total compensation to em- ployees Ton miles Passenger miles Total traffic units (ton miles plus passenger miles) .... Traffic units per dollar of compensation to em- ployees Total operating revenues .... Net operating revenue Mileage operated 1911. 1,428,712 $1,047,079,198'' 220,375,529,183 29,087,562,700 249,463,091,883 238.25 $2,393,878,069 $752,541,780 188,760.04 1910. 1,459,749 $997,102,982!" 222,470,437,344 28,502,975,682 250,973,413,026 251.70 $2,366,496,974 $793,530,319 186,651 . 76 1909. 1,281,112 $856,163,525'' 192,518,238,392 25,639,251.319 218,157,489,711 254-81 $2,079,007,256 $721,054,478 182,220.19 " Except the Chicago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound Ry. and Oregon-Washington R. R. and Navigation Co. * Varies slightly from compensation shown in table on page 14, owing to omissions in that table resulting from incomplete returns for several Western Toads. It will be perceived that the total number of employees on railways of the United States over 500 miles long was less in 191 1 than in 1910 by 31,037, or 2.1 per cent, while the total compensation paid to the total number of employees was greater in 191 1 than in 1910 by $49,976,216, or 5.0 per cent. The total operating revenues of these railways were greater in 191 1 than in 1910 by $27,381,095, or 1.2 per •cent, while the net revenues were less by $40,988,539, or 5.2 per cent. The increase in total compensation paid to employees in 191 1 over the compensation paid in 1910 was greater than the increase of total ■operating revenues for 1911 over 1910 by $22,595,121. That is, the increase in employees' compensation absorbed the total increase in gross revenues and $22,595,121 in addition. The traffic units" were less in 1911 than in 1910 by 1,510,321,143, or 0.6 per cent. The num- ber of traffic units moved per dollar of employees' compensation was less in 191 1 than in 1910 by thirteen and forty-five hundredths, or 5.3 per cent; and less in 191 1 than in 1909 by sixteen and fifty-six hundredths, or 6.5 per cent. "Traffic handled is usually expressed in the form of ton-miles and passenger- miles. For the purpose of this study these two items are added together under W rt"i,'^l'°" A *?^'' 'CI!^feS~SifcfqSi«teroSOM) somewhat dissimilar things, but It has the advantage oT giving oni figure to use for comparison 45 RELATION OF THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AND THEIR COMPEN- SATION TO TRAFFIC AND REVENUE, 1909-1910-1911. (Roads over 500 miles long.) Eastern Group. Total number of employees on June 30 Total compensation to em- ployees Ton miles Passenger miles_ Total traflSc units (ton miles plus passenger miles) Traffic units per dollar of compensation to em- ployees Total operating revenues . . . Net operating revenue Mileage operated 1911. 679,179 $518,781,736 120,432,006,181 14.171,402,592 134,603,408,773 259.46 $1,114,027,248 $330,159,909 52,836.08 687,376 $479,364,934 120,454.796,599 13.710,551,027 i.^4-t6s.347,626 279.88 $1,095,467,589 $357,810,109 52,340.24 :909. 604,762 $413,634,620. 102,665,622,883 12,602,639,984 115,268,262,867 278.67 $950,785,447 $317,551,255 51,601.03 On the Eastern group of railways, the total number of employees was less in 191 1 than in 1910 by 8,197, or 1.2 per cent, while the total compensation paid to the total number of employees was greater in 191 1 than in 1910 by $39,416,802, or 8.2 per cent. The total oper- ating revenues of the Eastern railways were greater in 191 1 than in 1910 by $18,559,659, or 1.7 per cent, while the net revenue was less- by $27,650,200, or J.'j per cent. The increase in total compensation paid to employees in 191 1 over that paid in 1910 was greater than the increase in total operating revenues by $20,857,143. That is, the increase in employees' compensation absorbed the total increase m gross revenues and $20,857,143 in addition. The traffic units were more in 191 1 than in 1910 by 438,061,147. or 0.3 per cent. The number of traffic units moved per dollar of employees' compensation was less in 191 1 than in 1910 by twenty and forty-two one hundredths,, or 7.3 per cent; and less in 191 1 than in 1909 by nineteen and twenty- one one hundredths, or 6.g per cent. Digitized by Microsoft® 46 TRELATION OF THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AND THEIR COMPEN- SATION TO TRAFFIC AND REVENUE, I90£^-I9IO-I9lI. (Roads over 500 miles long.) Southern Group. Total number of employees on June 30 Total compensation to em- ployees Ton miles Passenger miles Total traffic units (ton miles plus passenger miles) Traffic units per dollar of compensation to em- ployees Total operating revenues. . . . Net operating revenue Mileage operated 178,492 $116,497,011 29,320,322,37s 2,849,399.735 32,169,722,110 276 . 14 $291,537,258 $93,925,087 30,676.62 177,085 $107,120,503 29,098,129,180 2,573,711.304 31,671,840,484 295.67 $278,725,010 $95,725,353 30,557.77 157,636 $94,387,318 24,684,178,488 2,337,822,591 27,022,001,079 286.29 $245,703,609 $81,818,855 29,845-65 On the Southern group of railways, the total number of employees was greater in 191 1 than in 1910 by 1,407, or 0.8 per cent, while the total compensation paid to the total number of employees was greater in 191 1 than in 1910 by $9,376,508, or 8.8 per cent. The total operat- ing revenues of the Southern railways were greater in 191 1 than in 1910 by $12,812,248, or 4.6 per cent, while the net revenue was less ^y $1,800,266, or 1.9 per cent. The increase in total compensation paid to employees in 191 1 over that paid in 1910 absorbed $9,376,508 of the increase of $12,812,248 in total operating revenues, or 73.2 per cent. The traffic units were greater in 191 1 than in 1910 by 497,881,626, or 1.6 per cent. The number of traffic units moved per dollar of em- ployees' compensation was less in 191 1 than in 1910 by nineteen and -fifty-three one hundredths, or 6.6 per cent; and less in 191 1 than in 1909 by ten and fifteen one hundredths, or 3.5 per cent. Digitized by Microsoft® 47 RELATION OF THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AND THEIR COMPEN- SATION TO TRAFFIC AND REVENUE, 1909-1910-1911. (Roads over 500 miles long.") Western Group. 1911. 1910. 1909. Total number of employees. . Total compensation to em- ployees Ton miles 571,041 $411,800,451'' 70,623,200,627 12,066,760,373 82,689,961,000 200.80 $988,313,563 $328,456,784 105,247.34 595,288 $410,617,545'' 72,917,511,565 12,218,713,351 85,136,224,916 207.34 $992,304,375 $339,994,857 103,753-75 518,714 $348,141,587'' 65,168,437,021 10,698,788,744 75,867,225,765 217.92 $882,518,200 $321,684,368 100,773.51 Passenger miles Total traffic units (ton miles plus passenger miles) Traffic units per dollar of compensation to em- ployees Total operating revenues .... Net operating revenue Mileage operated Except the Chicago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound Ry. and the Oregon-Wash- ington R. R. and Navigation Co. * Varies slightly from compensation shown in table on page 17, owing to omissions in that table resulting from incomplete returns for several roads. The total number of employees on the Western group of railways was less in 191 1 than in 1910 by 24,247, or 4.1 per cent, while the total compensation paid to the total number of employees was greater in 191 1 than in 1910 by $1,182,906, or 0.3 per cent. While the total operating revenues in 191 1 were less than in 1910 by $3,990,812, em- ployees' compensation increased at the same time by $1,182,906, and the net revenue was less by $11,538,073, or 3.4 per cent. The traffic units were less in 191 1 than in 1910 by 2,446,263,916, or 2.9 per cent. The number of traffic units moved per dollar of employees' compen- sation was less in 191 1 than in 1910 by six and fifty- four one hun- dredths, or 3.2 per cent; and less in 191 1 than in 1909 by seventeen and twelve one hundredths, or 7.9 per cent. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® i?^ir%/''>3^ BULLETINS OP THE BUREAU OF RAILWAY ECONOMICS (Continued.) imatary of Revenues and Expenses of Steam Roads in the United States for May, 191 1. lilway Wage Increases for the Year Ending June 30, 191 1. pletrenchment in the Railway Labor Force in 1911. ipitalization and Dividends of the Railways of Texas, Year Ending June 30, 1909. iSununary of Revenues and Expenses of Steam Roads in the United States for June, 191 1. ^Summary of Revenues and Expenses of Steam Roads in the United States for July, 191 1. |The Cost of Transportation on the Erie Canal and by Rail. sSunmiary of Revenues and Expenses of Steam Roads in the United States for August, 191 1. s^^Analysis of the Accident Statistics of the Interstate Commerce Commission for the Year Ending Jiuie 30, 191 1. ^Comparative Railway Statistics of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. ; Summary of Revenues and Expenses of Steam Roads in the United States for September, 191:1. srSianmary of Revenues and Expenses of Steam Roads in the United States for October, 1911. ; Summary of Revenues and Expenses of Steam Roads in the United States for November, 19I1. lEffect of Recent Wage Advances upon Railway Employees' Com- pensation during the Year Ending June 30, 1911. 'Variations in the Number of Railway Employees, 1909-1910-1911, [Relation of the Number of Employees and their Compensation to Traffic and Revenue, 1909-1910-1911. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by M,.., •.